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Nympliacoidede Casps Alva i eciiadD. 3.8 on 5 a Genus 503. . Euryale Salish. ....0. 02 Hcl Qdsa.. 5 7 Gams 904. Nymphaea Le ves 4o0 ab fPher ak! 6 8 Genus 905... Nuphar. Smith i020 00.0 4% bis peteveld <3 12 12 FAmily ini. ‘CeratophyllaceaeArGray iid fA2a dees os 14 14 Genus 506.. Ceratophyllum Lend 2. fis ce bee 15 14 PamilyLAiil. Ranunculaceae Juss. 2° tlie! $2) Dev erinle os ay 20 18 Per TSGeleld nk ne ee nw a ws Eiliale 8B eo Misys) Ds : als 20 18 Tee 1. Pacpulede Berit. , 5". sae: eetand aes tates 23 21 Beaus dt. PACODI a Lin ca she A tena oe ge 24 21 igpe =. Helleborsse DC, vesik. a oe sissstationn dee se 35 29 Genus 30G, Caliia Esa sect al tateas aaa a3 35 29 Geans' 5039. Trollius, 0. OS506R #& ree pia Bs oF aie 42 34 Gems 510. Hegem ome BRE. i. i) one ayaa HH & de 0S ys 53 43 Gems oil Callianthem ym, CG: AgMee 4s hes 66 ays 54 44 Ceaus 12), Pelle porws, omy: + 2.0 kes pays 8 t)* 3 & do 57 46 Genus 5138. Eranthis Salisb...... yee ay 6 a leke oe gee 60 48 Grane sit.” Nogella' hi. i eee a/piiyeleric Se 6% eis 62 50 Genus 515. Leptopyrum Rchb....... Sein he OF eis A2 57 Genus 516. Enemion Rafim......++.s 4. ee 73 58 Gemrsrol ts Isopy rita Lb. 0s. oe operas Shee «4 74 59 Genus 518. Semiaquilegia Makino ........ o- 75 60 Genus 519. Paraquilegia Drum.et Hutch. ...... 75 60 * [The page numbers of the Russian original appear in the left-hand margin of the text. ] ili Genus 520. ‘Gopitis Salish) 0... ss a - soli) siete 78 63 Genuso2ltwAvelaarerd alta lel elslle equates leflet ete tiatle\ ete nc Us 64 Genus 5222) (Gimmie Te SRAM ener, io tes wil shoot eis! 9 iat iatt (ot o> 82 66 Eau orto NGiheens tn oeodgsasnbtaoacboas 86 69 Genus 924." Delp limi We eer veia so ae se ss 99 79 Key to Subgemera ... esse ee eeeees Secu shel coda leas Vi 541 541 048 550 583 607 610 SUBJECTS AND CONTRIBUTORS Indexes Characteristics of the Ranales and key for the comparison of families of Nymphaeaceae, Ranunculaceae, Menispermaceae; genus Schizandra; characteristics of Rhoeadales and key for the comparison of families Family Ceratophyllaceae Genera Paeonia, Caltha, Trollius, Hegemone, Callianthemum, Eranthis, Leptopyrum, Enemion, Isopyrum, Semiaquilegia, Para- quilegia, Coptis, Actaea, Cimicifuga Genera Helleborus, Nigella, Atragene, Clematis, Myosurus Genus Aquilegia Genera Delphinium, Thalictrum Genus Aconitum Scene Anemone, HWepatica, Pulsatilla Genera Ceratocephalus, Oxygraphis, Halerpestes, Ficaria, Ranunculus, Trautvetteria Genus Batrachium Genus Adonis Family Berberidaceae Families Magnoliaceae (with the exception of the genus Schizandra), Anonaceae, Lauraceae Family Papaveraceae Reports on plant fossils Addenda — Descriptiones plantarum novarum in tomo VII Florae URSS commemoratarum The plates were drawn by the following artists: Editorial Staff Arranged by V. L. Komarov Arranged by O. 1. Kuzeneva Arranged by N.V.Shipchinskii Arranged by I.M.Krasheninnikov Arranged by A.A Bulavkina Arranged by S.A.Nevskii Arranged by E. I. Shteinberg Arranged by S. V. Yuzepchuk Arranged by P.N.Ovchinnikov Arranged by V.I.Krechetovich Arranged by E.G.Bobrov Arranged by B, A.Fedchenko Arranged by I.V.Palibin Arranged by M.Popov Arranged by A.N.Krishtofovich Z.V.Kobyletskaya — I; S.A.Moise- eva — II, IV, V, VIII, IX—XI, XXI, XXII, XXV, XXXVIII—-XLIN; E.G.Blagoveshchenskaya — III; O.P.Voronova — VI, XX, XXVII; M.R.Gabe — VII; M.M.Parfenenko — XII-—XIV, XXIII, XXIV, XXVI-XXXIV, XXXVI; T.L.Yuzepchuk — XV—XIX; E.A.Derevitskaya — XXV. Vii 4521. 4522. 4523. 4529. 4530. 4531. 4532. 4533. 4534. 1. il 1k, oe EA ma) N. B. E. aaaanaa SYSTEMATIC INDEX OF SPECIES IN VOLUME VIL* Order 20. Ranales Engler Family LXI. Nymphaeaceae DC. Genus 501. Nelumbium Juss. muciferam: Gartne in circ) ids) <) eibem oa aed Sibusireh eakenpne hea Paes Genus 502. Brasenia Schreb. Sehrebent iJon. Gels ep iteiys tek eileen ait te ciara it Genus 503. Euryale Salisb. ferox: Salisbeissccr ie: «since ao eee a ree Be TON, Genus 505. Nuphar Smith SMCS UTTN GSE eile horus ie Wisc semeentod Neuisl bevel ara tes Mapiafeinle Moonee b fetta (Us (ogden) OXI Ge BUBB G10) lo oc Buco 1 O80 fit) 6 So) hissttn 6 NE iit Oo Suionol O76 Ge oo 0 6 6he Oi A voc 90 LMA VERUMUUR OSES ie Ree) ie Loe ee Soe es ey le” Silay olay ton ae ar RORO ane Rae Family LXII. Ceratophyllaceae A. Gray. Genus 506. Ceratophyllum L. GOMEFSUTIN Leet fei coe ete) sak eaiitom Ghee tee Nance oad oer te niGiagilin ionic Gueld f 6°5 0 50 5 95 5 06 8 ok 2 Romarovil, Muzenive) 2c. i oo" eosin Sees eco eene SUDMersuyM! Uae. es es a tere feo te eee ee emma ee ee toe Nel easle fey tasti a i - tanaiticumy Oapleg.i fink « sikeirait Meipciiet beul(tcip ike Ee ed i « Nossinskyi Kaizen pays suey) ch etiyaiial five te) colnet cheered ote * [This index has been reproduced photographically from the Russian original. ] ** [Russian page numbers appear in the left-hand margin of the text. ] vill oy Veo) con en tole re tealbay le wie bio eatiiurs Mie fe) iil sl sa.caio BRESa I Cee, Rede ng ROR Rh temo Gandidambresicmoen seg eo kame en ieee at ise ceo hadrons maya Bite travonayGeorgil a mci tile melo) core enn ne a Wienze liv Maa@ka icracn aiccie vee ion erence Seu nea ocsnch see e are . candida X N. tetragona H. Hjelt -....-...-.4.-.. Si} eee Ve plat ve: ey el, vey eee fe or iQ) 10h eye ver. fe: oi jek ie: Lev dense OF Ae eriniel terre wy elle) ey Fe. Russian page ak Ok SRNR MEME gah fh ewe gs Shey S) ye A ake ess EN NS oe rere wile 2. Fs Midkosewitschi Lomalky oo iis Gite ciameis,wa0\¥6 + 8 le se kw ee ee MRE CPMREEMMIGONE «.' 6 05 V's. oe ls cls whos os Seta er dw os soe eve aeiien ER NITE G See cela sw wl sha sy soe es OR se te eee oh, a Pee wenn AME tried horns) Sty 5 hoe eon te tes es Mutt we en ater mes Oa aoe. pence Mivabe et Takeda’. °°... % ss es es. ee ek ee ie ERIC BACHWE ADEs ON eed lg tela aoe gs BT labia ee, “hip aia wer ee 8 fk PMCESIGA NG DEMPCZ.: Sa ee eh Te ee ene lscus! hE Ve erence tw ws @. P. Witthanniane Harhwsiic ils yar Piinbal mi aic cs = 8 ee we nate. Mab bale bikes, osioa totaal wm 5 yx yee | Me ale) es bers des i P tomentoch Comal) Ne Bagel. f'n eee ke ee Rp Se ee ee eS? ae ee Oe, er rs ei Matas Medes ah 2 (ori eae te UT ky w Aha vae a all, Was cas whens el x MT IMEI ETO, ie AE ois oro) Vid) a yw ah tas oy a Sas a sk ae ee LS ET PS Cg a an SSSI SS Pes eae ra He. ee Peberstemipiaeaprsg Me Wo cuahs (wa. <5 ke Pb ew ca eee eke 8 Tribe 2. HELLEBOREAE DC. Genus 508. Caltha L. Pees METAR Las o's 6 a aah Re OO Se ale ep bee ee he eMC LOSM IN. SCRIBE otic cs. a) a a6 Ine WO ok ace nee gd otc top ay 8 ea GCE, 94h ke uo. ps et 8. 6's als aul Mat faves oh ae ahs med! & Fo BAUStrindateats Koei Add 214 ORR ARG a ds BOLI ROE 2 ee. e's Pat ISRIOSAGIN: SCRIDCZ, fn ie Us. 6 fe ss sy & det pdetivonte: 4 OE G.4. mempranaces, (lurcz.) N. Schipez. 2°. = “s-enutinlt HM asieatasde 1 oh PemeetielUpetHIn RIGCHEE, os 0k) woe tags de paw Vi ps ieee 6, Bes es wl Genus 509. Trollius L. dev eischnngnmimiathels: to252 9 sn 3 £4 as PER ee] ere at LER EE Ge! een ee ae ee 05) SEE SS DSS sa ea! atte hehe eer wie DerMnC RNa Ss 2 fA Re 8 ae ot gk ee WA GRIEG ACC es a gs 6 io ime pela ow fr hy bs ioe eta loner ee nee renEIRORES cote ies Pees eat rs, BAL TB om Seles eoan aa, Re 8 obo airs (eel tet’ Lil.) No Schipez, 6 .¢ 5 20. 5 foo) Mee 8. T. asiaticus L. . a nda Rape eA TE ciigas oo See es ee, Dee at 9. T. Riederianus Fisch. re: PEM eA SN th SOUS Jel rin a OS gL ee 2 PUR ISTET SSS aT, EASE Ms i a ge i a te eae dil haa inal tor sehartnmennlieN. SCRIDCZ. oo. 1.5 aye) js “cee cies aneth * % * * 678 Genus 510. Hegemone Bge. degkde Inlaeina 2-H. caucasicusvAs Brees ents t cree ets tence shi seh le ce 3. Hi abchasicus’As Bre si). spay ke . + » bhoostAsasintacle Cl ae 1 Re 2c 2 G2 a ee ee 25.,). dasyanthumyWar. et Mine) @ 4 2 «2s i See oe Reni: gel 26; D:\Poltoratzkii Rupr: C< verueias sane wine ue is eee gee ask ea a YP IDK ocoilinbisi@idno d 6 ole lolg 0 4 G8 Ge > o wee O1o 6 6 oc 6 ey DH Commun Wis leone Gud ole Ao Gud Geb ue = 6 6 pe AMo Gon bo 0 6 29: D: bracteosum! Sommeetr levaenan) Sat) Serene sos) sn) oe 0, een 30:sDs RupreehtinsNeyskit ieee ef 22 ee Mined onetime putt 31. Ditarcuatum N. ‘Busehigi 8) 406 1c cAI ee ET Ree ears pee 39: D..osseticum NBuschiihgos voc stk i aks pe ee, See: PA ee BS nT) flex Osuni lly Bel saves ieee Ai ected BM ae Ow otal la See aS a PRPs gL a 34ND pyramidatumpAlbovadle ie 2) G+) ©) | fom cui s@ecpemeed) serene lctl. wfewcter S55:D.crispulumpRupre! J (hee) ) iG (es) se) to (ie uty | eNO NCIe® u currme 36. D. Buschianum Grossh. . .....-+-+-- 37: D..Mariae’N. ‘Busch’s eee es Seat ee is SO ee poe lig. Ee SQUID ineonspicuumySenmeaye di) eyaie ie ky me ene ee =e a ree are 39D) vochotense Nevsktge uc fai l6 we ee eae)“ eilin PERE nS aye ieee hers cules ae 405Dsvenyophilum: Nevskio 9-0 2))- 0 ete 2 2 ee) ee eee AUS Divelatiniebe ese! ees a a IBN Sauls Gets Gr cae BR eteaas ee 40D “cuneatumuStevax 2) alee 6 ee oe = os Sele dn cee cateliath ee 43. D. retropilosum (Huth) Sambuk. . . .... 2... ..5.55.5:.... AAD iwillosumiSteve, ccs ck Gok we ee le aes te yee ce TR eI ee 45. D. Korshinskyanum Nevski. . . . - . + 2 ++ =e sate ; . AGS Decrassifoliumeochrade: oy eieniatent ca chia icthe tiem, oe eee ours AFD! ienseckuthy:< cc). gk ese ee MEHR DEIR) PE RIDER: ony oulce, acue erecta aien is ACIDS GOAN IGG 6 G6 6 6 5 06 66 Bh Oe Bye og 495 Ds Maackianum) Relig) sc) sen) Sie er Lente Ae es wis ati BRST ES SQ) UDistristetbiselne © fete be Babette Mle TS BC eee tran nee Section 2, Kolobopetala Huth SOS lasaflonume Gere eeks ee tale as ee Me Wise Oh eh eee ah Renita erat mentite mere tents SPD eedictyocarpurnt ©) Cael oie eel ct rennemeniiem ct lene foyer on teeta ae en ees 53: DauralensesNevske ieee: Bl hi Meo ecea Wit eet RNR Lec ee SL ID .crarenintn INGE S Gd ol 6 oo 6 4 oo 65 66/6 Sue mua yoo 5 55. D;aemulans. Nevskies: 7208 (3°) eR et Sean a eR ee ee eee 56s DiwaltaicumpblNevskih %%)) ton, teh oR ee ete eae ene re meee 57D: cheilanthum Fisch? S45 be es he Re) eee nee ees mee ae SNS bran ccanadmibely 1685 6 60 6 6).5 0 60 6 co vouey olmdenoy cio yo! cue 59} Dieoranditlorumwli sates nerd Cems Sie Re Abe, Lene ee eect rom ote Section 3. Diedropetala Huth 605D5Knorringianumybibedtsch-a meinen cnmelien =) leliiie cas) co ate tall etree 61.:D: ternatum) Fluther en ten etecl eticn ao tone crete (oo weeone egiiep tac Ree ate 62; D: Lipskyi: Korshy Sued aed see PUP eae ae ee ae ae es dee 63. D. longipedunculatum Rgl. et Schmalh. . . . 2... 2-0 0 ee ee 64. 'D::semiclavatum:, Nevskivs) 9%.) seo bie) 30. aa Peel a auc aces ee eS CHM IOE leet eis, o 6 6 aol Bb od IE ee, CRE A cy Weg Xil 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 135 136 136 138 1:8 139 140 i41 142 143 143 144 145 146 146 147 148 152 152 153 154 155 155 156 157 158 159 159 160 161 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 167 168 169 Gee mprntecsdy Ores se oe ee ee ey ie sory eee EP t Ea Cert win SPE OP), fo" 58 4 62+ or ch Oe et Wrp el gency =. 8s eae he ee ee IUSe HOG OIREGI MESON nas ae nye 8 eels ete a mS kg jee 8 cee : Ses ENO RAUA MISE Me os eer Gee ie ee ee oa ik) Bete apes 70. 1): laxsosculum (Eaiss.) Rowy +s RP SY) OR Ee me ts yee key wis Dequerceteram:Doiss, et Mausskn. . . « - 5, - swimmer ss ys) & he 72. D. puniceum Pall AS) Bay oan Salih ie Pew aeeeu erleel. 01) eh tehile) 5a) gee Be dat wien le) ele. is) ae Dee A Gtr INE VEN s gees. ee Ree tie fe hat a ER ASTRON, ws ease BY oy ee 7D. leieearpum® Piitheteticus £, 6) < idem -Aslasas «sya. ss 75. D. albomarginatu TES IMONOV AGE SCPE TEKS Seve a CN caks cea ae ker ato Om DeaSchnialhalseniAlbsciic ts: tess oc oh. sete lier igs 5S Sua Seas 77. D. Freynii Conra 78. D. Szovitsianum EE aciMeeoates tates hontis SerNmCR ENS MOMDS Sc). vo\arel fo NC tnt sama BGISS MR ee tomer sy eee, Bua Gass chs rage esac: ee suas HOD MOCHFOLCIICUMIMOTEV=. s+ 50co. ee Le rere ieee eh woke 1G tSituap os a eps SOMO Mbiteraatume bluth cy so cs er eo ene vse Ge Sucseel ust’ Gas. ah) aby sc le. ah ake 81. D. semibarbatum BIGGER es We OAD clita KMUUeaee ia) Choe EE rs sci heat as Genus 525. Aconitum L. Section 1. Anthora DC. Section 2. Lycoctonum DC. meACwalbosviolaceum: Wome ky ol tie tk Le ee Oe ES BE eels & hee Pee sorscmaver home. 9 Se SOR ae AO A ah ae ORs, Bh me Turczac.ch setegread: : PPADS ants) Conciente pay eae Be REMI DEMSE ECUR. gas)! cia? cisi ed ae. ety age List ua es we ke ike lay ev Pe PCACZEVIT SEEVOD: fo caioc fies sey Se ws Ts) te, 6) lee pte tus Pasmamnracinn (MOPS) Mais (es eee he et es, eee tk te ty a OM ie 0: A. crassifolium Steinb.. «©... 2% % » ¥ 4 4 Bp PR aA, PE ee 105A. apetalum(Huth) B. Fedtsch. . 7 oGrimiial H. - oue ii dic exceisumecehb.: <¢ ss 6 + 5 6 ee 4 ET Ler Se, oe 3 4 5. A. ranunculoides 6 Z 8 12. A. orientale Mill. oS & ew el 8) At BM Be 8 Cay. See gee tae Me asa Awhbarbatumpleerss« 6:6 Sle € 6 8 Bl. wen 2m a eee OD, ey W4eAc ukirinense; Nakaties << we) se) em eles 5, ve: en T ATL WA ae 1S; Aclasiostomim Rebbs c« <5 8 © @ 6 4 S wy eee & ek SPR LL 16. A. Krylovii Stein Da ¢ ods os fue 6 oo whee Rates) Coote Wie Ae mpnticola~Steinbs. 6 4 « 67s 6 eo Sk ie 6 cpt 2S 18. A. variegatum L. IS ed) oe ere eee ae Te eS SS oe eee AP Geer his, ie! ee Ae 16. A soiperkianum Rehb.s = s 6 s 6 sn 64 6 6 eo AR BM Lh aed, a ee sener ya Cunt ye lrarty.: o's 3 fs ae a ae eye i em ee ee we 8 2? epmpulatum (Sehmals.) Lipsky ss. ¢ as) s,s cw ee we Le ec: A. nasutam -Fischine Ost. ubedieasAsiapas 2s PHP PMB) oh, 23. A. volubile Pall. oi > we a Ge Cer op ne Fen 6) ges mw eten es” Sl klhlUe!UlUMlUCLClUell Um Se 24a A-ovillosumiixcobs. >, 26 ss cee Ns Lee ieee) AN Oh ee Rk er eet 25. A. Fischeri Rchb. 26. A. arcuatum Max Bey. Ore Bh Ke ae eve) fini! Sey lel eis me, fe) es eee ae ee) mi) @) Seay bar Inte ae eae Se Ks se os we ee oe i elem nme ee Socks sf eu e oat gun at cash stingy 28. A. maximum Pall Sie ees ewes Meee ee eee eT fe. oF “es Lee ee, oe) ae) eee ee eet wie Sel eee 170 170 173 174 175 aly bs 176 CW, 178 178 179 179 180 181 182 182 190 191 192 193 194 ileal) 198 199 199 200 201 203 204 205 205 206 209 210 210 att 212 212 213 213 215 215 215 216 4728. 4729. 4730. 4731. 4732. 4733. 4734. 4735. 4736. 4737. 4738. 4739. 4740. 4741. 4742. 4743. 4744. 4745. 4746. 4747. 4748. 4749. 4750. 29. 30. 31. a2. 33: 34. 35. 36. Sik 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44, 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. — Noe 6 as ne >> Soni aAnkwnwvye DD EPP DEPP PDP D re OIA > PPP PSPS DSP DP DDD D >> >>> D> > > > > . talassicum M. Pop. . MANGUSECASSIGAtuMSeEMMOa laa) fe eee cn tee Wsaechalinensevbe SchMiGelsi/si oie. © hee) <2 oe RTE REE OLE ARCHER LI citar cough iets) aameene . macrorhynchum Turez. .. +--+ +++ +++ eijaliienses omnes tyre Weiyelits Wie enn eohsau rogue BusichatenSellMomemen cide ciienesiae lente omitar eel seat ambiguum Rehb.. .- -- 5-5 ++ s+: UPS O VATS LEGIT ee te eal Mune. Cavibeon iessllaiy usec etivewiitetete Nits Smirnovii (Sukacz.) Steinb. . - -- +--+: WalEALCUM SLEIM DA eoraieta oils ieuiei ney sera le Wen nes alerutewins batcalense tlurezs lice cnes ven beheueute te os ates Czekanovskyi Steinb.. . --- +--+ --:-> . flagellare (F. Schmidt) Steinb.. . - . +--+. delphiniifoluumy DG. 27). 20. 2 1. es LS loram HISe Meche Sed owe te. Sek ves eee whe Ween wigs rotundifolium Kar. et Kir... . 2... . 0 eee zeravschanicum Steinb. . .......-+e+-:- Section 4. Catenata Steinb. > Sechrest! = go og gos 6 Go x karakolicumpleapess: ae esses mci cet) elie -}eaposhnikoyilBalbedtseh., (ye). (0s 6c) /el loins Lilranzscheluy temn’ 2) lng sey ye arte serve) ae toes Sy TCTENOH LED, HS eoyo mille al cea) alls volecnIulG (Ol -alrmcio Genus 526. Anemone L. Subgenus 1. Anemonanthea DC. Section 1. Sylvia Gaud. SBRANUNCULOIGES Mes) vr for sel Ne vos yest Ge ete ss ves leet . nemorosa L. X A. ranunculoides L.. . ..... - jemisseensis (Korsh.) Kryl.. . ......,... eulnalensisphascha | el catisarsiicuienier elk so aaa eileen nicCoenuleawly Ga ica a) ah ibaa aa ved ce eae Uae debilisphiseht jes) ee we aheune ieee ih ho ee te Nemorosauleqemen swine SS IRA ARLES amurensiss(orsh:)Om. 44 ls 4. We) el ALVATCAMIISEIS Gy ouet owas ass ay wate tae eee nek eokee ten WIMPLOSAL Ose INI tie) roy) ses, (elke sc waaay ns reel ibe gaye Raddeana Roll’! ayaa ay 2h SR a, Meo eee UGENSIS HlinaUEyagi ai ees ee labres bee eae eee ea ec =; hetlexay SEEpM a) yo thst iailice” x(a a a eee ab eh lacs Section 3. Stolonifera Ulbr.. ~ flaccida dFzaSchmiate. sia) 2 5, Avia ea eee sbaicalensiswilirez: Ml 6). eMee, 8 a ke + Slabratal(Maxima)Mjuze (204.400 @ eee) oy eee eo litoralish(nEWs) iy wze 0 4)! (A la el a a ae eal X1V Oe) | eh aT, y gan, Olah ced otaee 8) a ROU IeI Lah rent ecm wenn CHUCPe et CeCe cag cen ach cs Pan pene vice PIG? A Oo °° eo es, 00) eee ee ene Coe Eo Cm Hea TUNA TCU ey 83)” ‘ey eh ele Yel) etre, steunra mee aie: ay iS Wr iste Woe, pfec los etre) rey jel ce: ley cer else) mite: el stati) Le: 6, (0) ae) ge ere. Oi hey ote hay Vevkoe a he) Meh wmneulnne a ey thie Spek ees Kush en Te. fexiel Whe. Nes ee ewe) sem) iene oe! fom, ep) feos tet iel sie oie) vet te OY ied) ens a) ier erie > le (er Freya et) es! Jen uie> stein et 'e 242 242 242 243 243 244 247 247 248 248 249 250 250 251 251 252 253 254 254 4769. 4770. 4771. 4772. 4773. 4774. 4775. 4776. 4777. 4778. 4779. 4780. 4781. 4782. 4783. 4784. 4785. 4786. 4787. 4788. 4789. 4790. 4791. 4792. 4793. 4794. 4795. 4796. 4797. 4798. 4799. 4800. ae. 20. >> >>> >>> > >>> >> >>> >>> >>> >> oo Subgenus 2.Rivularidium Jancz. Section 1. Richardsonia Ulbr. Pticharasoni ool) clue. slaty tevin itty gt ote Te g Subgenus 3. Pulsatilloides DC. Section 1. Himalayicae Ulbr. ODCUSHODASE ONG). cb ieinswi sme: dls, os WA. ohms. aL oeht Subgenus 4. Eriocephalus Hook. f. et Thoms. Section 3. Oriba Adans. KarznetZOWll) WLOKODs £ ) ulema pet cocurasy ey tie uw aes Rowe cE SRP RRYECRIR Ms Sig lik Sel age wets ; penoluiosa faz, os = 5 as > Gortschakowil Kar. et Kir. 22. 5. & s: c eohacs sp OaateUSIS JORs fe ss Eee) le ells RE ve cae PREECE: DT Sle. sesh Sei ie te ete es tee a tk POT AMEMIGIGEH IGG Ns cick! io. emt ie seg ba PEt ah oe SE SP ae PR RCHOMNIGOWID INGls a ss, a es yy Reeth ae tb bacethd ae piserawschanica Koma. ss. is. < cee ees, 6 Sryeies, oa eine Subgenus 5. Anemonidium Spach PECIichetomalanm EL rides or SsF Moy 6 46.45, Fave aren oc 8d cee Me Subgenus 6. Homalocarpus DC. pe Nemeeh LM aie WUN WER on) Stietyss’ oat hat whet ot al Me ws ABP PHASCICIIALAVIC AM Serer) A: Be virctes ies pubes a! Baca Mle ay a RR Wiser eC koe ot, -6,)/8') tines yb ey 8. paw alge bh ys oe planed ° s Darmensis fuze id OR Pie Tb Me te PE Berane tet URN TZ, on, cede, wip, sel sie, lagen, ae, vent, sulae week $e e PUM GEIB UT ics sb jek 1d 5a) mw we 8 Lmlvs te aa COMER MOZ ie Minesids va 4/6 ks 0 ae w 4, 0 odd ak Rvalesetnionat MOG. Mid ese sc cue tige cscs dias |. 8g PPMICAn ie Sachets (b. s, 6. 68S eee 6. hays eee Rae: Meth on te es a Lele oe Pee alia ue be . sachalinensis (Miyabe et Miyake) Juz. . ...... previncaunciinta uy! SS oS fi’ a oe ec. ee aepecosa Adams” .Uehstinh 69). Rersietutns i oS Genus 527. Hepatica Mill. oo RODUMMARTSAUIE. wns as ah ae df oruee at ot of 94 oe wate a Paleoweri(Uboms,), Fuze 0 a: of cx os oF ot oh ah ot at ot oF ork Genus 528. Fulsatilla Adans. Subgenus 1. Preonanthus Ehrh. Dg Fen SURRET LING USGR PUIZa ou. ie sy. 29 dahon iia ep seit ee a Je COE Subgenus 2. lostemon Juz. 2.°F. leastyezewi (horsh:) Jaz. * 3's 50". «oleae duvinakl> XV Loree en ue von Pee ny C-oterge. 10) GY. Cyy, 2 em betel k St 6k te peep a) Oe 0), 6 ee e e@ e 8 @ Be) ies) fol fe. Lretne, of Pehl ke Ket ate @ 8) 8 Ue!) er a Ont seh Oe ee Ol Us Leith Md als To ts “hl haley ar teriw tey f. Porie 255 256 257 258 259 260 263 263 264 264 265 266 267 267 268 Subgenus 3. Campanaria Endl. 4801. 3. P.vernalis(L.) Mill... 2 + +) 2 ee ee ee ees Ser eper arse. 4802. 4.P. chinensis (Bge.) Rgl. . - +--+ + 2s > scm Sw NG de cc atl 4803. 5. P. Halleri (All.) Willd... . 2... 22s CRO er ah od, Gaeta a Ree Ee 4804. 6. P. grandis Wenderoth 25.0.)- = 200) (see ee ee ee ee 4805. 7. P. Turezaninovii Kryl.et Serg. - - 2 6 2 + ee et ee te tt ts 4806, (Bo Prpatensi(LsyiMUle se: ier ie =) ee ee my oho) ww) ohne atin) ooh aaa 4807. 9. P. multifida (Pritzel) Juz. - 6-2 ee ee 4808. 10. P. flavescens (Zuccar.) Juz. 2. - - 6 2 ee et ee ee tt es a 4809. 11. P. ajanensis Rgl. et Tiling - . --- +--+ ees eee + te tess A810. 12)P)Bungeana CoA Mis 3 ees) fe em ine ol woo) or en 4811. 13. P. tenuiloba (Hayek) Juz 2. 6. © 2 ee ee ee eee fF ts ASTD: “A4WPYSukaczewil Juzer a ces ee fe ee ely oh ie) ere no 4813. 15. P. pratensis (L.) Mill, ©... 6 6 6 ee ee ee te ts 4814. 16. P. nigricans Stork . ..- +s ---2 ee eee et eg he, ee 4815. 17. P. montana (Hoppe) Rchb.. . . -- 2 2 + ee ee et et te ee ee 4816. 18. P. dahurica (Fisch.) Spreng. . . 0 2 - 2 2 2 2 > 2 ee ee es 3 eee 4817. 19. P. cernua (Thunb.) Bercht. et Opiz ...-..- +--+ +e+-- > Asoc 4818. 20. P. albana (Stev.) Bercht. et Presh .« . . - +--+ 2 ee s+ ese ee 4819. 21. P. andina (Rupr.) Woron. . . ---. +--+ e+ ee se ee oo ee eee 4890) "(225 Ps violacea RUpYs pepe dees sicien ts) co sl ueyy he opus pemyowme 2) ve) fe. (el (= A481" 7 23, Ps georgica Rupe. 20s >< js © 6. ele ee) ele) oe) co) Rous eee A822." 24..P. armena (Boisss)/RUpF: 3 4s 3 6 < s (s = ie, etel ln ye ok A893.) 25. P.icampanellaFischse, << + <= «© ee =) =) euieyieey ou towed ills) ton ASIA 20s) Ry ambigual (@lunezs)) Wz. e 140) 2) cls) e) fereie sa fo eels eyo Genus 529. Atragene L. ASZ55\, DsvAe-SIDIRICA Misha, ole. ceilias, Sopliotive ie cellar) io. Go lee eu Rellsieuite Ices Lara t nea at am emmne 4826." 24/Avimacropetala Lidbs. sie deh le he Met ncite aeifeimeineeter (2) 0c) eno A827 5. SAtochotensisy Ralls tmeuls sjacsyycp cy, si kemein ey feyuehieaiten, caltahch kellie} eumeeonne keane Genus 530. Clematis L. Section 1. Viorna Prantl 4898.0) MiG oiintesritol iat lspci uy oy) ci oho ear ee oh oniloh) RASS Sie eNerct hc meena eS aero A829 Sho 2a Ce fuseayMurezs,, 6%). So) si iajiies eee ie ciel oo oy dey MMC RCS erm 4830.) -/3.'C.-aethusifolia, Turez., «S55 06 <5 = + 6 3) «eo een Section 2. Viticella Prantl ASSts 1 “ANC Syiticellaibe ss Sete ae a be a ace a valdigy ter Maree eal oy alicia fume mee eee 4832...’ Ss Cyisongarica Boer... 6 + <1.) cle Abuge lew lie, Ne eas Roe nuns hs a 48533. (Gs Cs/asplenifolia;Schrenk = @) in nls). sos; a) oe ou acer ee A834, 7.Cispahanica Boiss... . 2 s+: ss = = + 3. sag eee yacpecam. ees 4835.." 78. CihexapetalarPalls jie °/4. cits ee eere Gel oe cue het rigs sae an ae 48363.) | O5'Corectey ls cic.) 26's) 5 Jet A BR kG Wea ana 2) tsice, Ne a : 4837..." 10; C.’manshurica Rupré, «, =, 0, sw ss os eu els oe oe Sue a ee ee 4838.1 e:C: flammiula: bas. sje, (is) ys) Sb Saco ieee Oh Sup ROE AIO te A839. i22\C pseudoflammulal Sehmalhy i) sic yee) erie) eee el ee ASCO 13.) Caiwvitalbaile. ern fetes tee eo: ie yer, Sey lene. fe eK) ver: Vel elie). fe) (er wey ne § tejk Ke 4841. 14. C. brevicaudata DC... . . A842. .15.;C. glauca: Wilde) syc.? sills. Seay spice ees ci 4843. 16. C. serratifolia Rehder .. . ASAGe (2 1755E yorientalishlesys. (softer hs eee en eee Ua eee eA y Acie eal cneT ye AOR Ro 4845. 18. C. tangutica (Maxim.) Korsh. . ei eh ie ele, Os ehpRe> ew well mi tel ies vel en ese: Yue: lemteriven ce orien er te) a te. of) eve) Se. elirevmmertiuens ie) cet e@! ye! et) Ne) (ey), el) (ey ie! aie) XVI 4846. 4847. 4848. 4849, 4850. 4851. 4852. 4853. 4854. 4855. 4856. 4857. 4858. 4859. 4860. 4861. 4862. 4863. 4864. 4865. 4866. 4867. 4868. 4869. 4870. 4871. 4872. 4873. 4874. 4875. 4876. 4877. 4878. —_ .M. minimus L. .. . Genus 531. Myosurus L. Genus 532. Ceratocephalus Moench . C. orthoceras DC. . . C. faleatus Pers. . ef 40) er tet je wi) Pen AS Ne eee aye) fe ee a ft ce) eh he o) Xe) “erie Genus 533. Oxygraphis Bge. Subge . O. glacialis (Fisch.) nus l. Eu-oxygraphis Freyn es tae eben -" ge ACP ae Subgenus 2. Crymodes A. Gray De @:walgunsA rays ¢6.5 8 6 6s eee oo ce Bo) Bedlevioling 2 Bl 9. @2Chamissanis;(Sehlecht:) Freyns «<<< « «3 ASD aleteipist 3.05 Genus 534. Halerpestes Green a1 salsuginess (Fall:) Green. sk ~ 6 ee el giGurs 21 08 Se iwanenics (iceq.) Over . « <)6.6 6 We 2 ae ud olen AES Genus 535. Ficaria Dill. CE. werna bluds, si ms 5 ee 8S a a & atevl) soblvdemoon .& abt me menltintalia Wreaba sys fos 6 las Boe 6 eae ee Bwehed Be RAneRneTS AL OPN: 6 ce ww ele sce oe 8 aoe? Bleneirehanh ff cae 4. fomicaroides (Bory ef Chaub.) Halaczy 2 : 2 = + «wheal witlidos Al TS Genus 536. Batrachium S. F. Gray. 4, goeniculaceum (Gilib.) V..Kreezs. «6 © » & «© «> ott pxlihtiielepe 3) U8 Se eraminutumllsestlt: «2 5 6 se 5 6 * 2) tees) egenaenie Atk a Eo aivasicatum |ochrank) Schur ss 52 » « » » «deynt@-easidereion 4 CR So peeapuuiam (Walir) Lum. & . o 2+ 2... . « aye eteeel «At oe 5. B. Kauffmanni (Clerc) V. Krecz, . . .....-. he ee ee 6, B.carmatum Schur... . . . « rie sw isay amicus. pice piglet Renee Aes se > Oe |. 7. B. trichophyllum (Chaix) Van den Bossche ....- ~~. +--+ se eee Mert Vc MATCC%s. Gs, 6 3 gk > ee ashe ok sce 6 Pelee a2 ee BM Mien CURE) ING. 6s o6 ls 6 ye ua ae ue fh 6 pe beieohs OP eae TS RBeUvenGlOn INEST © + 6 os 5g ws 2 + delnwliaile Teg tha duaes Sat « ie mame orep et Fr) Fro... sic es Suey Panbtoesiaccen 5 Ho eRetownis SScomAl. . 5 6). 2 / « 2 2 » + “sPeweell sreebeciides SP fb CATER ORs ICMAT ck es, ta cease ge eg) eo ec ete SP RAR 12, Sy.mongolicum,(Kryl.) V. Kreez. . 5s bs sist B ty shes eet aloes Genus 537. Ranunculus L. Subgenus 1. Auricomus Spach Section l. Xanthobatrachium (Prantl) Ovez. Re eeee CUMMINS UNS eS 4 gis's) (ohge’ px gS gt ad vo gs xh SBR AL AL? waeladawes St Ob SaeMOULA NS FOUTS goose ccs os x Gk oi be la Cee ede 9 gal pie 2 SVE SE RE Oe Ca 0 | a a i ee eee mene SOee Omen ROONEY amy rag REET TS eS AO ee eee Oe eee Pi MEMMOLEU IROL 5 6s vy Fes eet es wee 8s) Sg ae 6. a. eamioederum Wupr.*. *. 4. % tos te Fas et 4 ee ROG, Ath Wo Wee SEW RV IES Herty 308s foe Felts Me me va Ha <> ORE EP ROE SCENION AS ES XVil 323 324 324 326 327 328 330 331 333 333 334 335 338 339 340 343 343 344 344 345 345 346 349 349 350 350 354 355 356 357 358 358 359 4879. 4880. 4881. 4882. 4883. 4884. 4885. 4886. 4887. 4888. 4889. 4890. 4891. 4892. 4893. 4894. 4895. 4896. 4897. 4898. 4899. 4900. 4901. 4902. 4903. 4904. 4905. 4906. 4907. 4908. 4909. 4910. 4911. 4912. 4913. 4914. 4915. 4916. 4917. 4918. 4919. 4920. 4921. 4922. 4923. 4924, 4925. 19. 51. nA Goa) Be el red ro PHADA AAA AA RAAADAAAAARADAAAAAAR DAA AAAAARKRAAA Section 2. Coptidium Nym. .lapronicus L.. ... . esilowrtlon ea tlsurret foc eh cast. Feiele veh cis UP allasin Sehlech bats ay keh iek ekretiven women ras shes Section 3. Flammula Webb. [in oppress ee pcre ee ses fe cor'ion 0! ba] ie jal Weis! bs amurensis Moms (202) 26 60% Ea PA ea ophioglossifolius Vill.. - - « - 6 + 2+ +s. Section 4. Euauricomus Ovcz. E puleheliusy Cp Ap Neca var con raticdl ajar tect ne ~dongreaulis’@-0Ae Me 02) 3) 2) fies weno Utes 2 . pseudohirculus Schrenk 2... ..---++-+-+-:-> . Nrasnovit Ovez ie sre tee ait ermal ee a einen eRel, cc SAUFICOMUS aera ye entra e get el Vic) ey: er ol aaa AGASSUDICUS! eater Menta, Gellne ite tye) el 6: (oall iat! tey fei em eres DINE SACATPUS! Wi PKCOCHT ya tpeey el le) tic) belli otvels oti tenciiNey | Allémanniv prelate ee Crary lnple (OMG oo Ge asa 6 a8 0G 8 0 5 EUKGrvlovant ©viezsarcuve wen colt veliiiell scve) er) witel teen eemae wanadyriensis! Ovezea cleo) Wee) ee la) eee SISUMEIShMRAUtVers Merc: c: ots RROMSeMUCN ceauctiaetewan uote eae Wsuukensish Ne buscht i Mst re) ve uel ust tay atineny els men istice Viattinis ies, Brick? ct trace ck eeen Senta on eater ord tenes BPE Gatitidus Sine) a) leh Gaye nten ve) =) cnn pale Mest mronclis . PIGESCENS) LUPCZA))))) 6) 5.) 6 ei 'el oe Mh eee eenems sspolymraizusistephs 7) ei toiks, s,s t-) Memon louentemes ESUSSUTIENSIS' IMOMPY Yo) 1s))) 0. elt, tol) toi tal) fof ves Peet oa ylasiocarpus ©. As Miner) ipo eo oi leu estore fo tonteire sbrotherupitelreymc ve is tty cons ie volte) toto ae Papovil, Ovezs vi =) Bl seer rete Nemes tet te nine ) PAMMITIGKOrsneN) 24s ns) ie, ee tere ste Ree EP DVALIS last ts ita May to Stel Matra) ta We 8a UN ey eo FeehscholtzirSchlechti 2 6 2) os ee eee “pauperculus Ovczasieiisie je) =) tile) tenia stele a = ssulphureusSolamds ei feie\\() J4) fo) ons) Ginenennsts MAL EAICUSH Mec Ks He fe) fall ohits: “ei ear Pe, tes fe a! falta mee pvAlbertiuwolvetiochmalhs s: (5). se) 1 tl ae lees Mfraternuszochrenk? | e!\a Sussue ee sehen ed songoricus oehrenk 2) es). ee) ee) ee « Drautvetterianus)Rol.» «(2-46 6. 6's), = fess ol ee Sabo calhe edb CLOG moe oho uAt oO Olamoun Giaeig lo. SVpNSmMacushWanlbN t= ss we ee tee cet) et Tenrei tan es Y arachnoideus\@a Asa iis st. ete neice Heine sprelicus yea res bi Keiret 0 cous (ter fs) No iene ell Faerie 5 rufosepalus) branche Yej'.) %.<)\Sei4s, eis Nellie ins ar Subgenus 2. Hecatonia (Lour.) Orcz. é Sceleratus ee erie) i yal S och Wallis Wer (len a! tees eee - Golosus:Fisch./et Meys cals ccs le sc) alten) eens - e CHINENSIS| ES en) lee) ollie ee ieie i= e eae emienns O00 ek, te: Sefer wie ce aii st Cie)! “ley ie aby Ne} ae) Vell erm io mee ei) aki cary Sy hale OY mS) cn) . @ orp date eon al, Remand fe; je fe! fol Cee ae we Rete tern ene mie. ares a a). Ce fie ve! Tear ene, ee elt yey: foyer ye) oe ren ara ot @ be? et homie, y rent of atey trek) Sel Lefl@ ofe) Vente ‘areas ey rhe: ate +s Mey COM Te) eo, ie et Me" e# Ted teh Rie) ie: fe. ere! ey ae eet Se Ne: Kelme ey iie: | het” 70" 181 re ONeumte. @: vio, tee (eye; five l nele cee) eth iest vet en tay elie, He 409 4926. 4927. 4928. 4929. 4930. 4931. 4932. 4933. 4934. 4935. 4936. 4937. 4938. 4939. 4920. 4941. 4942. 4943, 4944, 4945. 4946. 4947. 4948. 4949, 4950. 4951. 4952. 4953. 4954, 4955. 4956. 4957. 4958. 4959, 4960. 4961. 4962. 4963. 4964. 4965. 4966. 4967. 4968. 4969. 4970. 4971. 4972. 4973. 4974. 4975. Subgenus 3. Thora DC. RAEI UReO ON, APP ab s,s 5s, ey S dees sl, KoleBS hdc tema I Subgenus 4. Chrysanthe Spach Ses TESCO meee ee te teak es he uk ee ae ee ee eee MMMM EMIRS Pe yt, re) ion te he Nat ne: Mayes ree Se Me tae ee Lee he Te a ra Le CreresaceRrme tS 8PM ee PE ates Pe ee ae eR aT to a RE ie a ee Sc Ss AR A Oo, tea Fecervatis Feliieet)>« eee tum bam of SIG ME. 6) ec. 8 ke ss ESS) eer ann hae eres See eS SAE: anes (SESE NR al SI ee de a cy Go. mh. bunser bogs... wai. SKE BETS Li POMC ee ke ww ws Pete. ARISECIING CVGZ., og) 6. 9:8) 4 sim OR lew a BB Egg ee Gs... mapeliifolms DC. sn 3 6 3 hs i Peabo | Satan ie Teg) oul te wes ee TELS SSPOSSG Tee Tsien etek de) tunis “atic? et ez heed “be py ab bie. ane arne Veted oa ident Ss age hited Sant OOS OS ee eS Seer. senciopnyilas som. et Leys f° 28 ff ek ele fe ee ee Pr oeRMOMe LGD at fat sie se -S tf ete ke ee te be ee eee pee ineemrscontatis Wpr. ¢ ic" 2.2.9 4 2 he 2s Sle ae Ne es es cee Sane mre TUE ge 2, ne Sem ee ae aoe Cee 6 ele we se eee peesecuouna (lpr. Gonski. bo a. fe, on ine SS aye masetistes 3 amoarioranas tows,et Feldr, . 2.26. 6 sls 8 eee ek ee TREES EST “CUINSRL Fey 5 cdl Ae ier Jato me hacia Sli a bi alia a 75. R. dzhavakheticus Ovez. . . . - 2.525 oe se merge yey ot ats Jon susmarcisatus Ovezz sss sts ek fe bt ee em EIQNG A} 77. R. brachylobus Boiss. et Hohen.. . . 2... ee > eee oss Rl ie Re Be SS Ceniseuscniv Over, 4s 1 4 ss 45 6 8 e 4 ko pain ieeag ok Jum. symnadenus Som. et Levi ic i ts tb ts tc eT TOR od PA O02. avebasicus, Freyn oes 2 fof ee 86 8 6 8 8 kt a et BUS gh PS iia eee Siti PE AY. Bien cs ace al geP aay peeeath se es Sow eke al Son SA ee Se es er ae ae a Bees OyErIRNUS TRUDE. 6s ss else a fa he we ee yb Ae We coke a) ones pemmavmemmernedstrG.? $6555 5 6 88 SR Re Be ge ope Se fle toy dee SARANGI SB ok SL RR RRS, BW ee ae tte gy fate Beveet peadabalasns wocnure So ee. ke 6 hy bw ty. by bee ye pe: Se on oe Pema cures vorentn se ts! S's 6 tee te eg ae ay Se Bas ana Tey Ning Be Ge eC RNen. 5 4% Ak BW OK Ki ee eB Wee ee te ey eae Serie Halkharicus , Busch <5 4 % 4 6 4's Kua eh ey oe lee ne oe. de. constantmopolitanus’Urv; «i 405 8 4 a eye Pe 8 8 ee ty oe oo ER Su ) CNS ae a ene er a i a en ea ees Pee MAVOMROT LENIN Me gs hi, ved os Vg |G ty SMe Se pe ue ee. sisi EOE CL POR hs 5) ha) a) kde, Sim la) lok las ss Mey See a) a heeem be ase REeRT eMC SL ARES, ig ORGS eas. ee el ee res te, Wee Mi eee Sa en eh (Se cables.) fg 31S SAR RA Re a ie a ae SO Si ay OS eu Ra 6 nl MR gi RI i age cae AA hy a a a Re EEE SIGHS ate diait Leia A uma Lia wie soe eh es koe ty meee Se he BEET Bae ca as BW se Se Be ps ee ee a rire Mat center Woe PraminGuus MGA. Mes) 6 es a ae fe ee ee aE MRE © Seca es he aia 100. R. glabriusculus Rupriis: aes! 2) fer sme er aT ats Sas cr A PER ID ee ei to kt en: 8. oie WE Ba noe as 0 ge ke 102. K. lanuginosiformis Selia. .. 2 « 6 ss \s WARES Wrattaat hatte s WS ak ve TS. te GA IRSUS Usa had libe citer, Soupemateede! is Ly lektlese) eye 88 ue 8 A ee Ne UNE SSS SSE SY GME a a ee er ari uae eerie Fiat XIX p05. Reigranditolius ©. Ay Mea eye sre. ee te ot oe < . 106. R. subcorymbosus Kom. . . .. +++ - +s e+ ss 1 107. Rojacuticus: Ovicz-eiy-men eee e-uxengolile lel edie See MOSS RAiaponteus inumbs wom epee) alc yet) rolll=i toll ols) enna LOG: ReSteventivAndyzs ci miieiie <6 fo leat ie: aie et ones WITOU Rs baldshuanicus) ole vay cre) ci ieee olive elioh cine) (iam codlildeglesslaetusuwialle: eric sedeemins vores, os cay fee secre er creme teer ara aiare Section 1. Pachycarpus Ovez. . 112. R. Schaftoanus (Aitch. et Hemsl.) Boiss... ...-+-.-- Subgenus 5. Micranthus Ovcz. DTSEIRe lateritlorus 1 Gao lessen eos eons hee er ue ah es aoe Subgenus 6. Pachyloma (Spach) Ovcz. lil acu Rearchiuist Comes events yonist ice. eulet oectxcy vio shel cake ld Suckeevmuricatuseliet ‘ier eagee sl <<) cote) silo Reairel conc much . 116. R. trachycarpus Fisch. et Mey. .....--+-+-+-+-.- . 117. R. lomatocarpus Fisch. et Mey. . . . ..- + + 2+ 22s Moll @ikees arvensis) acl teuyaic) instce 0 cle) ol ay) onuel sollte tiem Subgenus 7. Ranunculastrum (DC.) Spach Section 1. Xiphocoma (Stev.) Ovez. . 119. R. oxyspermus M.B.. . ...-.- ++ Ss) (eheoumel capes 12OReorientalistlee 2) eee ee leliie | 6s (ou etn’s olen Cairo RaCR snot 2 cicutarins;oehlechtds |...) 4) 42) open ae el22Repulsatullitolinsileitwe let top mag ecm 9.\G. elegans ‘Fisch.ethMeysiay wi. OSes sects seh och, oy oe te as 10: .G; bracteatum. Me Popsjiija ss 26) s) ase aos, attics Lobe pa Neen ae Genus 555. Roemeria Medic. 1. -Revhybrida (LD Gia wemecites 3, wep a chon ba oh edema Meine: e) Sno er 2:R. refracta(Stev.)s DG. aN Beene) ee, os a Genus 556. Papaver L. Section 1. Scapiflora Rchb. 1 PP olsaeSNeiBaschtite ce csece ete ae feces) lar ler cateal 1a: Siyeice cl elewaneeenme 24b tanomalump Med dees vscieo sealer svcd cay Leh pote Pathetic! Ses ae oe wleiocarpun lurezs sesigete a-ha isc) ysilher Ve eluisils) o-tiea. eo) el ae AXPvS tubend onftiten suo lrnivense ts sc uevse estes: elke veh dee ee usitiiey aoe Soh 5. Re pseudo-Stubendorfi Me Pap. 2. 2 «ss ce = 2 fe ¢ oss) ee 67 PatenellumyAw Moles ie ce kolo os dies Suet ewan ullseecsioiess emus aoe PPS nudicaul es Hepes Reheat et POR ere aetna) vee at ae. iy lool 8. P. rubro-aurantiacum Fisch. Ne: OTE OT An Ghks: 8 oc 9) Pkedebourianumelundstr:: 2 fe et ine ot ee, cris ey Ge eee LOAP ieroceunilid be aca a che hese ak: BO RHI Ce owe ke as en Il | PeyajanensesM@Pop.ns a ccs veh sacle) Sine de seietrs (sco. ce) lee er 122 Pe microcanpumup\ Garner cme remen nn eer teers ey meetin) or) aetna ie £32 Pvalboroseumulbluliten (4 vechics oie cade cee scholak Go yor et tL at oR 14 sReinvolucratum Mie Pop.) ss. os 24.6) cy a eee) eyicne tel tote : 15.) P. itanschanicumiMtPop.we of trae oe it ct etait ra ents) 3 6) ov N6iPNveanescens As Toliite saci: ioe lial ey ace dagger IP: pseudocanescens, M. Pop. i... (© 4: '<. 0; <=) «epee fuente eee I8YPsradicatumRGttby sees esas <é oo es oe Na ee a ee eee eee 19 -P. pulvinatumyA. ‘Tolms saenin ie) 6-4, 4. 3: Re: eee ee ee 20 Nk fancustifoliumy Anolis s2 i004, yl, es, ey sah eanieley eevee Bic heres ee Ale lapponicumy (A) dolm:)) Nordhagen’ js = ;¢. is ic) is) ici. 3) sl yee cet DPMP conivial en Ane liniss ste wen courses ts Nansen Seniesa er Bes lagran rclyrat Wak hoe llee eg a Section 2, Oxytona Bernh. 23:\P -sbracteatum Manali ie) ye: convey obetell, sien Wemw ies cola Couusemtal lteciushi ied) vauuiest 0 tol courte 2AwPintermediumiyD Ce auter ale te) on ee ep tare ea vee! teense iepmnaae : Zab lasiothrixabedde! ss 4 1a): eae sl ene Steele el he ist GN GL Tee 6 2Oab-Vorientaley leas a) oe Simei cies omc aubranh WatcbbedNsh eyes. ies aioe eek Rees 27. P. paucifoliatum (Trautv.) Fedde .... . Sal lose o! eylecih peck inet oak < UmenmCnmn Section 3. Pseudo-pilosa M. Pop. 28. P. monanthum Trautv. .... =; aSWele a (oer aiee st Beaten ey an iC os Yate 29. P. oreophilum Rupr... .-....- Siow Rect cmt couse ° ° Section 4. Miltantha Bernh. 30. P. caucasicum M.B.... .~ C ° a [siije cl VeiPte dsiuetieyges of te ie $l. Ps persicum) Lindl. 3. 1.) es 2) wie, oe ey 9 =), = = ORO 32: P: Roopianum (Bordz.) Sosn. (2 <) 2020) l= =) Seinen =ii=iN Ryle “haem 593 594 594 595 596 S97 603 604 604 605 605 606 606 606 607 607 607 608 608 609 609 610 610 613 614 614 615 615 617 618 619 619 620 622 622. 624 625 626 Section 5. Argemonorhoeades Fedde eee E. PAvORINUE GCHTEDE , 5 os 5 s\ » mtu Mbp splenurd-s? RDM anaes S Oh 627 a i ee a ee es 628 Sse Ware es fk Be eitheetias S Ph 629 HE SORE OP URINE su Tanya) s c) es sis! wre gis, GAM Melis) bbws se we lw ce 630 esi. t. belanweri (poms 63) S20 ALOT GP DON. wk we 633 Section 6. Carinata Fedde oe so. pacrostomun Boiss. et Huet 25 6 so PAB ccs es Ste 634 Section 7. Orthorhoeades Fedde NEN a erGET ECS: glk SPE FA OD Siete et ph Soe igs’ yt oe wl he 636 Seer sizicosum (Boenh.) Schur = 6. 3s) sels | a scuee ae Am 8 ne om Bare 637 Seer commurnium Pisch, ct Mayo 0.5 8. es eee cs Ope sey go's, 8 i ene 637 tery ke. emergent Bs EGE 8 ect ok ok ae at aah att at at! le wide” ipod le el ive 638 NE EL ae RNAI Aral WTS oe ns wh BS ew eh et ee gp 8 Ue ee my et oe wee ot as 639 REST Pereuegereteain ME UESd 54 oe cy 5% otiisl! tars 2? a meinen ae’ ae’ a ik mates! Oe eve 640 EE OL IWaHEWIT. LP OdGE 8 ak ew al wh a ae we” Se ae eh ae pat eo 640° ES EER etter UNL Oya.) 2 GOTH 5 4 Jo ory ih ah ot Oho" eat aS jag s(, 6" st ss cen $55 @ ieusse Mae oh ace! Rieccb ier SR wi ais ulel ale va on seh, dacs 715 RE ERE Seat IOI i is (en 9:5 y's oi adie ike set Hb 40 dem vengs” bap. dy ewlA oe 715 Genus 561. Fumariola Korsh. 5223. 1.F. turkestanica Korsh.. . . .. - « No Set ae ee A Re a a sone 716 XXVIl | aR v0 OM | te i Vi, mah bat ‘Wena. Aue ae a ia, Cae ae ee ¥ bes : Ph Pa state i Meni; ia | rap rae ipa A a Swe iF Tahaan aae 7 PO ea ROT T Fe ad ‘A : i ae igi Bee Meat 4 PREFACE The seventh volume of ''Flora of the USSR" includes the whole order Ranales and part of the order Rhoeadales, namely the Papaveraceae. A total of 8 families, 61 genera, and 703 species is dealt with. The Ranunculaceae are one of the most popular and widely known families of the USSR. Their pungent taste, and their tendency to cause skin inflammations protect these plants from being eaten by cattle. Asa result, golden buttercups are often found on grazed pastures. Spring begins its triumphal procession with millions of anemones and other flowers of closely related genera. In the Caucasus, clematis adorns forest margins with magnificent curtains of its decorative vines and a profusion of white flowers. Throughout one-sixth of the earth's land surface the Ranunculaceae are man's constant companions. At the same time, they have a place of honor in our gardens. In the opinion of many students of phylogeny, possibly the Anonaceae, the Magnoliaceae, and perhaps also the Ranunculaceae may be the families most closely related to the common ancestors of all flowering plants. For this reason, these families deserve particular attention. Barberries and poppies, which are also included in this volume, are of practical value. The roots of monkshood are known for their toxic effects on the heart. The first six volumes of ''Flora of the USSR" have recently been the subject of criticism. They have been criticized 1) for adherence to Engler's system; 2) for the many omissions in the lists of regions where the plants occur; 3) inexactitude, particularly in numbers; 4) for the lack of maps of distribution areas,etc. To these criticisms the editors wish to reply: Engler's system, as presented in his Syllabus and in the work of Della Torre and Harms, ''Genera Siphonogamarum," is the only system on which work has been completed. By adhering to it the compilers of the Flora save an immense amount of time. The criticism with regard to omissions and inexactitude is justified and this state of affairs must be remedied. It is not worthwhile to publish separate supplements devoted to genera and families. Instead, exhaustive supplements will be published as soon as compilation of the missing material has been completed. Lastly, there are some comments with which it is simply impossible to agree; these concern the treatment of particular species. A critic who disagrees with the author should publish a critical article in which his claim is supported by facts. The publication of poorly supported comments is simply useless, for the change of a single term will add nothing to our knowledge. We hope that every reader and critic of the Flora will understand that the avoidance of occasional inaccuracies is less important than the progress of work on subsequent volumes. It is obviously impossible that on conclusion of each single volume, the compilers should immediately divert their energies to making corrections. Instead it is their duty to concentrate on the completion of the entire work. The Editors 1 Order 20.Ranales ENGLER Arrangement of flower parts spiral, spirocyclic, or cyclic; flowers rarely monochlamydeous, usually with two floral envelopes; ovary superior; stamens mostly numerous; carpels 1, mostly numerous, distinct, rarely united; formation of pollen tetrads typically successive, pollen grains often trinucleate; archespore nearly always multicellular. Endosperm usually present. Trees, shrubs, herbs, climbers, and aquatic plants. Key to Families Pe anual ati Gest! Ju eee RAD hee Ek Belol caod ove 2. PENCE S Giallo PLANTS am 4 Soc.) ao foie) eeeedbe ton SRR IPOs SIE od by ial Rate 4, 2. Leaves flat, more or less entire; flowers large, rarely medium-sized, Mee aiginct calbyxiand %corollah.id iia). le hea. Sliven se. POR ane tahoe ee. Bld A OAR et eS Family LXI. Nymphaeaceae DC. + Leaves divided into narrow linear or filiform segments; rarely, except in submerged plants, floating leaves present, orbicular, reniform or Heoda- ovate, more or. less lobedsalwaysismall 2000000. cid eatin 3. 3. Perianth scarcely discernible, 9-12 narrow green tepals, flowers axillary, sessile, fruit an achene with slender spines at base ....... Mea. a Me beh eS ie OOS Family LXII. Ceratophyllaceae A. Gray. + Perianth with calyx and corolla; fruit numerous 1-seeded nutlets clustered in a head; flowers axillary or terminal, on long pedicals. . i ee Family LXIII. Ranunculaceae Juss. (genus Batrachium). 4. Leaves peltate; flowers dioecious; the plant twining; fruits black, ieisueculent,berrylike, with moon-shaped'stone .......... 44 mds Paro we et: Fok RIK EM Ae LA). Cee) Be, 89), Family LXV. Menispermaceae DC. + Leaves not peltate; flowers monoecious, mostly perfect, seeds straight. . .5. 5. Stamens 6,in 2 whorls; anthers dehiscing by valves, gynoecium uni- pmapeliate;iruica berry... Pwr. Seo On SiMe Fowlat mamas Shells obalhe ys ae Teel Se Oiwd). LA Family LXIV. Berberidaceae Torr. et A. Gray. + Stamens not less than 9,mostly number indefinite; anthers dehiscing by seupeaeaMEM ROD AS ABCP ELIE 2.50 oso Sd sgt Sa athe Ee ee OO hea a tants ey a EY ted atk ALO 6. 6. Stamens 9-12, in 3—4 series of 3; flowers apetalous, gynoecium uni- Borpellatesnaremotic treesjand shrubsisr2e a iwi Gest qeiv ant Seley. - SPPAMRRNOU MRAP ALA ol ABest ne ie A cee oo lene se uw ee ak ve Family LXVII. Lauraceae Lindl. + Stamens numerous, perianth mostly petaloid, pistil usually of numerous ee mipre Meipatn Se edi b ia, Bilas Ha" j.thay Dae) Oe a A ee Pee Prete Maile fads ade Ee Ts 7. Trees or small climbers, fruit aggregate or cone-shaped or as a cluster Oi pediberrics borne‘onjan elongate reeeptacle. iia cimi«e 4 Klose - I INN i A ates sis. pee. Bs “ann sal he Family LXVI. Magnoliaceae I. St. Hil. + Herbs, shrubs, or climbers; pistil of one or many carpels, apocarpous.. . 8. Say Sepals" Ss petals nOuy a iene wary is eee aay a) ee Rte Family Anonaceae. #" Sepals 8—15, petals (iipresent))o) Or mone) Cer ). ys ly eee Family LXIII. Ranunculaceae Juss. ‘sLAtiat [hem el Beietetuet) Ken Heleuialy use dougie Ve.) Seu venticen el mvwi\te Rete teliite) ceria ene, Family NYMPHAEACEAE Dc. Flowers solitary, arrangement of flower parts spirocyclic or cyclic, with calyx and corolla; receptacle convex or cup-shaped, in the latter case united with carpels; perianth segments 6 to very many, stamens as Many as tepals; carpels 3 to very many, the single ovule of each with 2 integuments; seeds often fleshy, withor without endosperm; embryo with thick cotyledon; formation of pollen tetrads successive, pollen grains trinucleate; endosperm transitional from cellular to nuclear. Perennial aquatic herbs with well- developed rootstocks; leaves submerged, floating, in one case aerial; 8 genera and ca. 100 species, almost ubiquitous in the USSR, except in the Arctic and in deserts. Representatives of some genera, such as Nelumbrium and Brasenia, have been found in Tertiary deposits far beyond the limits of their present- day distribution and even in the north. Brasenia purpurea (Michaux) Casp., in Postpliocene deposits of U. V. (Borok in Bezhetsk District).— B. purpurea Mich. f. holarctica Weber, in interglacial deposits of U. Dnp. (Kletsova Smolensk). Nelumbium sp. from the Tertiary of Ob (Tavda); Irt. (Tara); Balkh. (Ashutas); Sakh. (Rogatyi, Machi, Nikolaevka, Egranvis, etc.). N.paci- ficum Pojark.,in Sakh. Also in Uppermost Cretaceous deposits of Ze. Bu. (Tsagayan on the Bureya River).— Nuphar luteum Smith, in interglacial deposits of U. V. (Troitskoe near Moscow). Nymphaea alba L.,in interglacial deposits of U. Dnp. (Prechistaya, Smolensk area, Timoshkovichi in the Minsk area), U. V. (Borok village, Troitskoe).— Nymphaeites tenor Heer, in Upper Cretaceous of Ob (Simonova).— Euryale ferox Salisb., in interglacial deposits of V.-Don (Likhvin). Key to Genera 1. Some leaves borne on long erect petioles, peltate; flowers large, bright pink; receptacle an inverted cone, its recesses containing distinct GErpoes (Waters aclaeaes)) 4505) 55 5 bo eo es ae 4s 501. Nelumbium Juss. tO AliMeavesy tloating Ornstlbnaee aed i .oa ee) cle) ees ewes ee ee 2. 2. Young leaves and buds protected by a mass of transparent jelly; flowers Smal bi Gaveke puree, MatiWedtnws 5 2) alg ai yal wou eer mouaeelnarieaue 502. Brasenia Schreb. tedellywwantingstlowers: whites yellows ois lucie) eee eens eee 3. 3. Leaves wide, orbicular, very prickly; flowers blue. . .503. Euryale Salisb. ty nleaviestelabrous:) flowers) whitero mr yellows ln-neie enone lene eee enoee 4. 4. Sepals 5; petals small, narrow; stamens hypogynous; flowers yellow 504. Nuphar Sm. 5667 4 + Sepals 4; petals wide; stamens perigynous; flowers white ....... Subfamily 1. NELUMBONOIDEAE Casp. (Family Nelumbonaceae Lindl., 1836).— Carpels immersed in a fleshy receptacle. Genus 501. NELUMBIUM* JUSS. Juss. Genera (1789)68. Flowers solitary, sepals 4—5, the numerous petals and stamens attached to sepals and shed together with them, the many carpels each separately disposed in the recesses of the obconic receptacle; styles short; pendulous ovules solitary or in pairs; seeds exalbuminous. Large aquatic herbs with well-developed ramified nodose rootstocks. Submerged leaves sessile and squamiform, floating leaves orbicular and flat, aerial leaves large, peltate, with long petioles. Russian name: lotos [lotus]. 1. N.nuciferum Gartn., Fruct. 1(1788) 73; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 88.—N.speciosum Willd. Sp. pl. I1(1799) 1258; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 83; Beumealia. Pl. 1,35; Kom.,Fl..Manchzh. I, 215.- Nymphaea nelumbo L. Sp. pl. (1753) 511; Karsten., Deutsch. Fl. ed. I (1880) 553. — Cyamus nelumbo Smith, Exot. Bot. I (1804) 59.— Nelumbo mysticus Salis., Ann. of Bot. II (1806) 75.- N.asiaticum Rich. in Ann. Mus. Paris XVII (1811) 249.—N.caspicum Eichw. Pl. nov. Casp. Cauici. (1831) 2 eshiupchingski in Pl. Yugo-Vost. IV, 314.— le.: Kom, 7 Alis., Opred. rast. Dal'nevost. kraya I (1931) tab. 152-155; S.G.Gmelin., Reise Beschr. Ill. tab.44,45.— Exs.: Fl. cauc. exs..no.230 cum icone. Perennial; aerial leaves large, peltate, suborbicular, entire, to 50cm in diameter, glaucous due to a waxy bloom, dark green above, pale beneath, a convex pulvinus with central stoma on upper surface at point of attachment to the petiole; petioles erect, 1m or even to 2m long, smooth or with small sparse acicular bristles; the flat floating leaves much smaller, with flexible petioles. Flowers ca. 23cm in diameter, petals pink, oblong or elliptic, subobtuse, filaments enlarged below the yellow anthers; mature seeds dark gray,ca. 1.5cm long. July—August. Shallows of well-warmed oxbows, on silty-sandy bottom; in years when the water rises considerably above its normal level, the lotus does not bloom. — European part: L. V. (Volga Delta, e.g., at the village of Chulpan); Caucasus: E.Transc. (lower reaches of the Kura River); Far East: Ze.-Bu., Uss. Cited by Karelin for the Aral Sea, according to information not subsequently confirmed. Gen. distr.: Iran., Ind.-Him., Jap.-Ch., Malay Archipelago. In Japan and Korea only as a cultivated plant. ‘Introduced into European horticulture by Banks, in 1787; grows only in temperate waters not cooler than 20°C. Described from India. Type in the Linnaean Herbarium. Economic importance. In India, China, and Japan cultivated for its edible roots and seeds. The rootstock yields meal of excellent quality, * From Nelum bo, as this plant is called in Ceylon. called in Chinese "ou-feng'' (see I. Palibin, in. Izv. Botan. Sada, IV, 1904, 60—66). In China each part of the plant, e.g., the seeds and the rootstock, is used as a Separate medicine. In addition to starch the rootstock contains as much as 2% asparagine, and the petioles and buds yield a cardiac poison, the alkaloid 'nelumbin'"' (Wehmer). Note. Eichwaldtriedto separate plants from the Volga Delta lakes as a distinct species on the basis of the inner petals being slightly smaller than the outer ones and obtuse, but this distinction has not been confirmed. In fact, the Indian lotus differs from the USSR plant only in that its flowers are often white; the first plants introduced into European horticulture under the name lotus also had white flowers. Although the Caspian and Far Eastern lotuses are taxonomically identical, there is a difference between fruiting specimens: the Caspian lotus has 10—20 seeds per flower,as against 20—35 seeds in the Far Eastern lotus. Subfamily 2. CABOMBOIDEAE Casp. (Family Cabombaceae A. Gray, 1837). — Carpels 2—18, apocarpous; receptacle insignificant. Genus 502. BRASENIA* SCHREB. Schreb. Gen. (1789)372. Flowers axillary; stamens 12—18, with slender filaments; carpels 4—18, apocarpous, nutlets indehiscent, coriaceous, 1—2-seeded. Stems long, branched, like the petioles, anthers, and lower leaf surface coated with a layer of transparent jelly; leaves alternate oval entire, centrally peltate, with palmate venation. 1. B.schreberi J. F.Gmel., Syst. veg. I (1791) 853.— B. peltata | Pursh, Fl., Am. Sept. (1814) 389.— B. purpurea Casp. in Nat. Pfl. II, | 2 (1890) 6; Kom., Fl. Manchzh. II, 216.—Hydropeltis purpurea | IMGieln.. IBIS I6m, Aen, I (1803) 34a — 1e.2 IWbhiGin., IsG.5 talo, Be Iie, sincl Bee) Deb) edecas linetor Perennial; rootstock long, rather slender, branched, horizontal; stems curved, rising almost to the surface, occasionally branching; leaves alternate, peltate, the floating leaves oblong, rounded at both ends, thickish, 5—10cm long, 3—5cm wide, often purple beneath; petioles of unequal length; flowers solitary on axillary pedicels of unequal length, 1—1.2cm indiameter, dark purple; sepals and petals sublinear,in threes; stamens 12—18, with filiform filaments; fruit 4-18 oblong, 1—2-seeded, indehiscent, coriaceous; nutlets 4—8mm long. July—September (Plate I, Figures 3,a—c). In groups on silty ground in oxbow lakes.— Far East: Ze.-Bu. (Bureya and Amur rivers), Uss. (Ussuri River, tributaries of Lake Khanka, Suifun River). Gen. distri.: N. Am. from Nova Scotia to Cuba and Mexico, from Washington to California; Japan and China, India, Australia. Note. A relic; seeds were found in the Cretaceous of North America and Pliocene and interglacial deposits of Europe. * The origin of this name is obscure. Subfamily 3. NYMPHAEOIDEAE CASP. (Family Nymphaeaceae DC., 1816).— Carpels firmly united into a compound pistil with a many-rayed sessile stigma. Genus 503. EURYALE* SALISB. Salisb. in Koenig et Sims. Ann. of Bot.II (1805)73. Flowers violet-blue, partly submerged, calyx 4-lobed, petals many, 3—5-seriate, shorter than calyx; stamens many, multiseriate, with linear filaments; pollen grains globose, trinucleate; ovary 8-locular, immersed in a widened upper part of receptacle; stigmas circular, concave; fruita spongy subglobose berry covered by sepals, with 8-20 seeds; endosperm farinaceous. Large stemless plants, densely covered with prickles. Leaves orbicular, with undulate blades. 1. E. ferox Salisb. in Ann. of Bot. II (1806) 73; Kom., Fl. Manchzh. II, 217; Skvortsov, Gigantskaya kuvshinka Sungariiskikh ozer [The Giant Water Lily of the Sungari Lakes] (1925) 1-9; Kom. i Alis., Opred. rast. meat hevost.wkrayall, 506..— Ie::’ Skvortsov, pp.4—6; Kom. i Alis., 1.c., plates 156—158. Annual; all leaves long-petioled, the lowermost in young plants sagittate later flat rounded-oval, mature leaves more than 130cm in diameter, petioles and prominent veins studded with numerous small sharp prickles; leaf blades firm, coriaceous, with numerous abaxial concavities containing air, which supports the leaves on the water; bright green with a waxy bloom above, red-violet beneath. Pedicels long, stout, very prickly; sepals connate in lower part and adnate to receptacle, densely covered with retrorse spines; petals bright, blue-violet, numerous, gradually passing into stamens with dilated filaments; ovary globose, 8-loculed; stigma red, stellate; fruit light red, globose, weighing up to 200g, covered with strong prickles; seeds greenish at first, turning black, rounded, with thick strong tegmen and loose outer mucous membrane imparting buoyancy. July—September. River valley lakes, down to a depth of 1.3m; flowers self-pollinated, opening only during the morning hours, submerged after pollination. — Far East: Uss. (reported for the lower reaches of the Iman and Lefu rivers). Gen. distr.: Jap.-Ch., Ind.-Him. Described from India. Type in London. Economic importance. The starchy, edible seeds are collected in large quantities in China, where they are considered to be of medicinal value. The Chinese boil the fruits in salt water; they eat the fruits as well as the seeds (B.Skvortsov). Note. Euryale —a relic of the Tertiary flora, known from Pliocene and later deposits in Europe. * A poetic name for the mythological Gorgon or Medusa, referring to the frightening aspects of its fruits Genus 504. NYMPHAEA* L. L. Sp. pl. (1753)510; Gen. pl. ed. 5(1754)227. Flowers solitary, in many colors; calyx with 3—5, usually 4 lobes; petals 12—40, multiseriate; stamens 20—700, multiseriate, perigynous, their filaments broad, often petaloid; carpels 8—35, immersed in a fleshy cup-shaped receptacle, with which they coalesce into a single fleshy ovary crowned by a broad, convex many-rayed stigma; fruit baccate, spongy- fleshy, ripening under water, dehiscing by irregular sutures; seeds with perisperm and peripheral tissue imparting buoyancy. A rhizomatous acaulescent plant; leaves cordate. Russian name: kuvshinka. 1. Leaf lobes inequilateral; stigma almost flat, yellow with a small herils phere Cent cal moOyecurOMitn, «skeet tech -Neite|cei ee: een 1. N.alba L. + Leaf lobes subequilateral, mostly acuminate; stigma strongly concave, with conical ecentralyprojection, purple: 9 air. . ] =e nee 2. 2. Flowers 8—12 cm in diameter, petals 15—25, gradually passing into stamens; stigma 6—15(20)-rayed, usually !2—1G-rayed |... =). eye SRNR? an ei ae. Sav RRM GENS jAmietres eae / 54 Mone ar ae trot ME epoM tears 2. N.candida Presl. + Flowers 4-—5cm, rarely9cmindiameter; petals 10—12, sharply contrasted with the’ stamens; stigma 7-l9-rayed ~27.).. .’. 3. N.tetragona Georgi. 1. N. alba L., Sp. pl. (1753) 510; Conard, The Waterlily, 175; "stutter Fl. I, 34, Korzhinskii, Fl. Vost. Evr. Ross. (1892) 129 (subsp. typica); Aschers. u. Gr., Synopsis V, 2 (1923) 527; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 83 (ex parte).— Castalia speciosa salisb. in Koenie u, Simisy Ann. (Of Sole al (1805) 72.— C.alba Woodville u. WoodinRees, Cycl. VI (1806).— Nymphaea alba var. melocarpa Caspary in Ind. Sem. Hort: Berol. (1855) app. 265 les neh le Hl | Germ= (Vl taby 6 fie SEses Eee kale Cauc. no.27.— Russian names: kuvshinka, belaya [white], belaya vodyanaya liliya [white water lily], belyi odalen', nenyufar, nimfeya. Perennial; rootstock horizontal, covered with petiole remnants of shed leaves; stipules distinct, lanceolate; leaves cordate-oval, occasionally orbicular, in young plants more or less red, 10—30cm in diameter, with divergent lobes; petioles traversed by 4 ducts and many stereids. Flowers faintly aromatic, 10-12 (5—21)cm in diameter; sepals oblong, attenuate at base, green beneath, greenish-white above, with 5 prominent nerves; petals numerous, white, the outer larger, the inner smaller, passing gradually into stamens, the filaments of inner stamens as broad as their anthers; pollen grains globose, pale yellow, pellucid, subaculeate by rod-shaped excrescences; stigmatic rays 8—24, yellow; fruit globose, green, many-celled, covered to its top with scars of shed stamens; seeds ellipsoid. June—September. Forming thickets in standing and slowly flowing water down to a depth of 2m; reaching its largest dimensions in deep lakes, in shallow water on partly dry shoals (f. terrestris Clavaud in Acta Soc. Linn. Bord. XXXV (1881) 263) small with short petioles. — European part: Kar.-Lap., Lad.-Ilm., US Dip VE Dnp.,) Vi-Kama,lransv.) LAV sbi. Dons. (Caucasus: Cisse. E. Transe. Gen. distr.: Scand. (to 68°11'N. lat.), Alt. Eur., Centr. Eur., Med., Bal.-As. Min. Described from Europe. Type in the Linnaean Herbarium. Note. Particularly small specimens of N.alba from bodies of cold water were described as var. minoriflora Asch. u. Gr., Synopsis V, * Name of aquatic plant used by Theophrastus. y Wy | WWE PLATE! I. 1—Nymphaea tetragona Georgi, flower, from beneath; 2—N.candida var. minor Wainio; 3 —Brasenia Schreberi J.F.Gmel., a) stamen, b) carpel, c) flower. 11 2 (1923) 529= Leuconymphaea alba var. minoriflora Borb. Balaton Flora (1900) 394, with flowers 5-8cm in diameter. According to Ascherson, this form breeds true under cultivation. In the USSR it presumably occurs in the Ukraine. 2. N.candida Presl, Del. Prag. (1822) 224; Conrad, The Waterlily 172; Asch.’ u. Gr., Synopsis V, 2 (1923) 532; Syreisheh., Wl. Wl. Mosk. gub- Ib 133; Keryles Fl Zap, sib. 10857 bedehenko, Conspecruis sh AbMbiex<, It, Za. = N.alba var. minor DC., Syst. nat. II (1821) 56; Ld., Fl. Ross. I, 84.— Nip paw eine aca Boerne > a leea nwt (1830) 272: Lidb., Fly Ross) i 84.—N.biradiata Sommerauer in Flora (1833) 625.—N.nitida Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, (1842) 84,non Sims.— N.. Basniniana Turcez., Fl. baive/-dah. I (1842) 983.—-N.Cachemiriana Camb. in Jacquemont Voy. IV (1844) 11.—N.punctata Kar. et Kir. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou XIV (1841) 376.— Castalia speciosa Besser, Enum. (1821) 22.—C. colchica Woron. ex A. Grossh. in Fl. Kavk. II (1930) 87.— C. candida Schinz u. Thell. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2 sér. VII (1907) 573.— Ic.: Rchb.,Ic. Fl. Germ. VII, tab. 68, f.118.— Exs.: Fl. exs. Austro-Hung. no.1281; HFR no. 353a et b. Perennial; rootstock as in the preceding species, up to 3cm thick; leaves rounded-oval, 12—30cm long, the veins of their lobes arcuately convergent, not divergent asin N. alba. Flowers almost odorless, 6.4— 7.6 or 8-12 cm in diameter, half-open, white; calyx tetragonous at base, sepals ovate-oblong, green beneath, obtusely acuminate, very slightly shorter than the petals; petals obtuse, centripetally decreasing in dimensions and passing into stamens; filaments of inner stamens lanceolate; pollen grains elliptic, yellow, larger than in other USSR species, nonpellucid, with granular surface; ovary attenuate below the stigma and in this part bearing neither stamens nor their scars; stigma 6—15(20)-rayed, red (occasionally yellow), strongly concave centrally; seeds larger thanin N. alba. June—September. Lakes, ponds, oxbows, river backwaters, and slow-flowing forest streams.— Huropean part: Karjaap. wad. lim., U- Dnpy, U- Vee Mi Dnp.. Bins V.-Don, V.-Kama, Transv.; Caucasus: W. Transc.; W. Siberia: Ob (to 57°80" or even 60° N. lat.)aUs Mob. Irt.;)H. Siberia. Wenis., Angs-Saye Centr. Asia: Kyz. K. (Gen) distr::scand.,,/Centr. (mur. Described from Austria (Styria). Type in Prague. Note. Occasionally forms occur which are transitional between N. alba and N. candida and actually represent a hybrid, N. alba L. XN. candida Presl, sometimes referred toas N. borealis Camus. Plants closer to N. alba are referred to (K. Valle, Suomen Nymphaealajit Ann. Soc. Zool. Bot. fenn. Vanamo, vol. VII, 1927, 299),as peralba, those closer to N. candida asf. percandida, and intermediate plants as fi en Chiara erdiival: A form with leaves half the size of those in the type with small flowers 5cm or more in diameter is separated as var. minor Wainio in Acta Soc. Faun. et Fl. Fenn. VIII (1891) 58. It occurs in Kar.-Lap. and Lad.-Um. in small bodies of cold water (Plate I, Figure 2) Since the water bodies where Nymphaea plants grow are often very far apart, the difficulty in achieving crosses between two such stands of 12 even the same area contributes to the isolation of local forms; the latter have not yet been studied. Observations should be carried out on live material and especially on the shape and color of the stigma, which might reveal the still unknown infraspecific subdivisions of these plants. Economic importance. The rootstock, as in N. alba, contains many tannides, occasionally used for tanning, and up to 20% starch, which is the edible element of the plant. The seeds contain 47% starch. 3. N. tetragona Georgi Bem., Reise in Russ. Reich.,I (1775) 220; Conard, The Waterlily 167; Kom., Fl. Manchzh. II, 218; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Zib. I, 1109.—N.pygmaea Aiton, Hort. Kew. 2 edit. III (1811) 293; Turcz., Fl. baic.-dah. 1,93; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I,84:— Castalia pygmaea Salisb., Paradisus Lond. I (1806) tab.14.— C.tetragona Lawson in Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada 6, Sec. IV (1888) 112.— Nymphaea acutiloba Dce., Prodr. 1 (1824) 116.—N.fennica Mela in Acta Soc. Fauna et Fl. Fenn. XIV (1897) 3.— N. alba subsp. tetragona Korzhinskii, Fl. Vost. Evr. Ross. (1892) 133.—Ic.: Conard,1l.c.,tab. 14 et £.65. Perennial; rootstock horizontal or erect; leaves typical, 8cm long, 7cm wide, seldom to 27cm long, 16cm broad, rounded-oval or rounded-ovate, with subequilateral acuminate and more or less divergent lobes. Flowers 4—5cm, inlargest specimens 9cm in diameter, their base sharply tetra- gonous, ovoid, after flowering becoming coriaceous and protecting the fruit; petals 10—12, differing sharply from the stamens; filaments of inner stamens dilated, ovate, pollen grains almost smooth or obscurely verrucose, ovary short-conical, smooth above, stigma strongly concave; receptacle with long conical central protruberance, purple, with 7—10 (usually 8) rays; fruit rounded-conical, the peduncle often spirally twisted. June—September. (Plate I, Figure 1). Lakes, river backwaters, and most frequently in small oxbow lakes; in thickets on silty bottom.— Europen part: Kar.-Lap., Dv.-Pech., V.-Kama; W. Siberia: Ob,Irt.; E.Siberia: Yenis., Ang.-Say., Lena-Kol., Dau.; mae Bast: Kamch., Okh,, Z2¢.>Bu.; Uda, Uss.,. Sakh.:, Gen. distr.: N,Am. (Canada, Idaho), Jap.-Ch., Ind.-Him. (Khasi Hills region). Described from the banks of the Lena River (Gmelin's collection). Type in Germany. Economic importance. In Japan the seeds and leaf buds are used as food. An ornamental plant, cultivated in England since 1805, suitable for aquariums. All species of Nymphaea are highly decorative; they should be grown together with other cultivated plants in ponds whether in parks, or elsewhere, and propagated wherever possible. N. wenzelii Maack in Puteshestvie na Amur (1859) V, plate I; Regel, Opyt Flory Ussuriiskoi strany [Provisional Flora of the Ussuri Region] (1861) 19; Conard, The Waterlily, 172.—Ic.: Maack, l.c., tab. 1; el, mie Uss.itah, 1. On the basis of an illustration in Maack's work, Conard refers this plant to a number of synonyms of N. candida Presl, while Regel refers itto N.acutiloba DC.; Conard refers the latter to N.tetragona Georgi. N.candida has not yet been found in the Amur and Ussuri areas, but N.tetragona is extremely common, growing in masses and often reaching very large dimensions. Specimens collected by Maack have been 13 preserved, but they differ greatly from the large-flowered forms of N.tetragona by their coriaceous rounded-oblong leaves; if they are indeed close to the large-flowered form of N.tetragona, with a spurlike point below the leaf lobes, then it appears as if their coriaceous quality and oblong shape had been "borrowed" from Nuphar pumilum (Hoffm.) DC. Hither the flowers of one were mixed up with leaves of the other, or else Maack happened to find an intergeneric hybrid. On the basis of existing specimens, it is difficult to decide this point. Collected in a lakelet on one of the islands in the Amur River, opposite the village of Pakhale, 60km above the mouth of the Gorin River. Type in Leningrad. TUN = candida XyNe tec arconall: whyelta Consp. hi. Henn sith (1906) 282.— Reported for central Finland; in the USSR, expected to be found in Kar.-Lap. and other localities, where both species grow. Mention should also be made here of the abortive pollen, which is characteristic of the hybrid. Genus 505. NUPHAR* SMITH Smith in Sibth. Fl. Graec. Prodr.I (1809)361. Flowers solitary, yellow; sepals 5—6, petals numerous, narrow, similar to stamens, hypogynous; stamens and carpels numerous, the latter concrescent into a compound fleshy ovary crowned by an 8—24-rayed stigma; fruit ovoid, naked; seeds exalbuminous. Plants with thick rootstocks; leaves deeply cordate. Russian name: kubyshka. 1. Stigma concave, with 10—20 rays not reaching the entire margin...... etl Raa Re ah cNl ic aOR Rs 3 oy MiMi A ee tel (AS Behl et ace II, 1. N. luteum (L.) Sm. i jStlomeacsitahtly concave. o = NOtayicdy 506) se ne *N.luteum X pumilum. + Stigmaryconverx, with dentate: matron, oO Sralyec. ey uniaar ec ai eae Bee hil Se i trader an estas Ho MARR Niece arena Rann ML. 2. N. pumilum (Hoffm.) DC. 1. N. luteum (L.) Sm. in Sibth. et Sm., Fl. Graec. Prodr. I (1808-9) JOIe dbp Ross. 1, 845) Murez.,. Hl. balc.-dah. J) 945) olainaalll omen eee Joc) Moyle ieeZap. sibs It Ol— Nix piia eal luteal ln Spe ale (ugae JO. Nymphozanthus, wuloanis sin C.sRich «may Annes Vince pacuatar XVII (1811) 230.—N. luteus Fernald in Rhodora XXI (1919) 185.—Ic.: ISXeIMog5 Mes TMS "Cereals WLS eaoy, Osh, Geo WINS, los Gah, se, alae Perennial; rootstock thick, fleshy, covered with scars of shed leaves; lower leaves submerged, with very short petioles, semipellucid, thin, with undulate margins; upper leaves floating, their petioles long, trigonous above with obtuse ribs, the leaf blade cordate-oval, rounded above, firm, subcoriaceous, entire, deeply cordate. Sepals thick, 20-—30mm long, orbicular, dark yellow above, green beneath, strongly concave, campanulately convergent; petals numerous, with anectar-pit on their outer side, obovate, yellow, shorter than sepals; petals and anthers inserted on the receptacle; anthers oblong-linear, yellow; ovary ovoid-conical with enlarged, almost * The name for this plant used by Dioscorides. 12 infundibular stigma; fruit smooth, with many fruitlets, multilocular, gelatinizing on ripening. June—September. Lakes, small oxbow lakes, backwaters, slow-flowing sections of rivers; in thickets. — European part: Kar.-Lap., Dv.-Pech., Lad.-Ilm., U. V., Mia-Kamay!U.0Dap.,oM. Dap; V.-Don,Transv.,Bl., L. Don, L: V.; Caucasus: Cisc., W., S., and E. Transc.; W. Siberia: Ob (to 64° N. lat.), U. Tob., Irt., Alt. (Salair); E. Siberia: Yenis. (to 66°30'N. lat.), Lena-Kol., Ang.-Say.; Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp. Gen. distr.: W. Eur. to 68°30'N. in Finland; Med., Bal.-As. Min. Described for fresh-water bodies in Europe. Type in the Linnaean Herbarium. 2. N. pumilum (Hoffm.) DC., Syst. veg. II (1821) 59; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, Bae Gel. Wl. Zap: Sib. 11115 Shimal's.,. Wl.d,..34;..Turez.,.. Fl. baice.-dah. 95; Koem., Fl. Manchzh,, 0, 219.- Nymphaea pumila. Hoffm., Deutschl. Fl. ed. 2, 1 (1800) 241.—Nuphar minimum Sm. Engl., Bot. XXXII (1811) tab. 2292.- Nymphaea minima Willd., Enum. Hort. Berol. Suppl. (1813) 38.—Ic.: Sm.,l.c. Perennial; rootstock thick, up to 1cm or in the Far East up to 2cm in diameter; floating leaves deeply cordate, 4.5—15cm long, 3.5—11 cm broad, in the Far East up to 19cm long and 13cm broad, convex above, pubescent beneath, petioles flat-rhombic. Flowers 2—3cm in diameter, yellow, sepals ovate, 1.2—2.2 cm long, yellow above, green beneath; petals sharply narrowed into a claw; anthers almost tetragonous; stigma almost flat, more or less stellate, 7—14-rayed, deeply sinuate; fruit straight or recurved, fruitlets 80-180. June—September. Distribution as for the preceding species, but in Europe very scattered forming small thickets. — European part: Kar.-Lap., Dv.-Pech., Lad.-Im., U. V., V.-Kama, Transv.; W. Siberia: Ob (to 64° N.lat.), U. Tob., Irt.; E. Siberia: Yenis., Lena-Kol., Ang.-Say., Dau.; Far East: Kamch., Okh., Ze.-Bu., Uss., Sakh.; Gen. distr.: Scand., Centr. Eur.,-Mong., Jap.-Ch. Described from Europe. Type in Geneva. *N. luteum X N. pumilum = Nuphar luteo-pumilum Caspary in Bot. Notiser (1879) 89.— N.Spennerianum Gaud., Fl. Helv. III (1828) 439. — N.minima Spenner in Flora X (1827) 115.-N.intermedium Ldb. Fl. Alt. II (1830) 274. In dimensions and habitat this plant occupies an intermediate position between the two parent species; upper part of petioles somewhat flattened, subtrigonous to trigonous, leaves glabrous, usually 8—18cm long, 6—17cm broad, their lobes approximate or even overlapping. Flowers small or medium-sized, pollen abortive with no more than 75% fertile grains, stigma 9—14(16)-rayed, somewhat depressed centrally; fruit with 6—40, rarely up to 70 fruitlets. June—August. Quiet backwaters. — European part: Kar.-Lap., Dv.-Pech., Lad.-Ilm., VisKama, U. V.; W. Sibéria: Ob, U?.Tob., Irt. Gen. distr.: Scand., Centr. Eur. *N.advenum R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. ed.2, III (1811) 295.— N.advenum Soland. ex Syreishchikov, Ill. Fl. Mosk. gub. IV (1914) 72.—Nymphaea advena Soland. in Ait. Hort. Kew. Th (lied) 220. — Nuphar americana Provancher, Fl. Canad. I (1862) 28. * Treatment by O.I. Kuzeneva. 13 15 Perennial; floating as well as aerial leaves ovate to orbicular-oval, up to 30cm long, 22cm broad, notchedtoadepth of 12cm, somewhat divergent toward the base; submerged leaves suborbicular, thin; blades and petioles of aerial leaves often pubescent beneath. Flowers 3—8.5cm in diameter, yellow, often with reddish tinge; sepals 6, oblong, strongly concave; petals fleshy, oblong, truncate; stamens 5—7-seriate, anthers as long as filaments; stigma with an undulate, 12—24-rayed yellow or pale red disk; fruit ovoid, with a shallow constriction at the neck. July—August. River backwaters; growing wild, adventive.— Huropean part: U. V. (Savvinsk in Zvenigorodka District). Gen. distr.: from the Rocky Mountains through the eastern states of N. Am. Described from cultivated specimens. Type in London. Family LXII. CERATOPHYLLACEAE A. GRAY* Flowers unisexual, monoecious, with simple perianth; perianth of staminate flowers with 12 tepals, connate only at base. Stamens 10-16, filaments obsolete but anthers very long. Pistillate flowers with 8-12 tepals; ovary superior, unilocular; ovule pendulous, single; style long. Fruit a 1-seeded achene. Seeds black-brown, with thin testa. Ceratophyllum demersum L.,in Second Interglacial of U. Dnp. (Kletsova); U. V. (Likhvin).— C.tanaiticum Sapjeg., in Postpliocene deposits. - C. sniatkovii Krysht., in Samaria deposits of Bl. (Krynka). Genus 506. CERATOPHYLLUM* L. L. Gen. pl. ed. I (1737)1055. Flowers solitary, in axils of leaves. Perianth of staminate flowers whitish, tepals oblong, 2—3-toothed; stamens slightly longer than perianth; anthers 2-locular with a massive connective, terminating in 2 small prickles. Perianth of pistillate flowers greenish. Style as long as or slightly longer than the ovary, thinner toward the end. Fruit mostly with spreading style forming an apical spine, often with 2 or 4 accessory spines, with smooth margin or winglike border. Perennial aquatic plants with articulate stems; leaves whorled, forked into filiform or linear lobes. Winter dormant, forming compact terminal buds which in spring grow into a complete plant. T. Maroin Of Fruit WITTE SS ta ayuda hoe es Mean iain ery lies acyecc i ce 2. Mar cinvot tet) COnNSPICUOUSIY WWwimM@ed nh levy Weleugei al ulna ol aaeniap lai ae eee 5. 2, Fruit with single spinule above, many times as long as the spinule; SENSES) Chholatenonlowieih A Baieevonie oa ss ag a ge a cis: 4. C.submersum L. + Fruit with several (3 or 5) spines, the apical spine longer than the fruit; leaviesil A partite ee iia i. Bilan lus aren oa A cava te i cna eee 36 Sige Ee Wily Shasoyoul ala SibhigugslClerclyny Tale aylaiisjonvaratsiy ) See by ye wee ne 1. C.demersum L. 7 Ereunt wath a dorsal icmine ior OUteinowEl i nile ea eee sae gs eee ee 4. * From Greek ceras, ahorn, and phyllon, a leaf. 14 16 Pivoreal Spines Of Fruit SLrAlpnt, Figid .. ~.. s.0vs + +0 2. C.oryzetorum Kom. + Fruit with dorsal tubercle, outgrowth, or corniform spine .......... Te MODEM Cee Ee ene baa, nd coe inti § pihie 3. C.komarovii Kuzen. 5. Fruit smooth, flattened, with obsolescent spines. Leaves dichotomously ia seme CTT POE PR fea al ahd ie.) le. ar oe as Oa 5. C.tanaiticum Sapjeg. + Fruit with small tubercles and 3 spines; leaves dichotomously parted tot | has. Wt Se | See: Sl ena ect eae 6. C.kossinskyi Kuzen. 1. C.demersum L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 992; Ldb., Fl. Ross. Il, 123: peeial'om pel. If, 4415 keryl., Bl. Zap. sib. V, a@113,— Ic.:/Rchb., Ic. F1. Germ. XXIII, tab.32; Syreishch., Tl. Fl. Mosk. gub. II, 135. Perennial; stem slender, smooth, 40—150cm high, profusely branched in upper part; leaves in whorls of 4—12, dark green, 1.5—2 cm long, forked once or twice into 2—4 filiform linear lobes, 0.1—0.5mm broad, sparsely and finely denticulate, acute, whitish-cartilaginous at apex. Flowers small, ca. 2mm long; fruit oblong-ovate, 4—5mm long, ca. 2mm broad, with 3 spines: apical spine longer than fruit, usually twice as long, often terminating in a small hook; the 2 basal spines declinate, almost as long as or slightly longer than the fruit (in var. apiculatum (Cham.) Sapjeg. the fruit many times as long as the lower spines). July. (Plate II, Figure 2). Lakes,oxbows, ponds, small slow-flowing rivers, ditches. — European part: ee eech.. Ead.-llim., U. V.; Vaskama,.U.. Dnp., M., Dnp., V¢-Don, transverse, lf. 0m, I, Via: Caucasus: Cisc., W. and E. Transe., Lal: W. Siberia: all regions; E. Siberia; all regions; Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., mele, mye.o., Kara K.. Minerkm., Syr. D., Bam.-Als T, Sh. Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur., Atl. Eur., Med. Described from Europe. Type in London. 2. ©. oryzetorum Kom. in Bull. Jard. bot. princ. URSS Xxx, 1-2 (1932) 200.—C.apiculatum Rgl. et Maack in Rgl. Fl. Uss. (1861) no.185, non Cham. in Linnaea IV, 503. Perennial; stem smooth, branched; leaves once or twice dichotomously divided into 2—4 linear lobes, minutely denticulate. Fruit oblong, 4-—5mm long, 1.5mm broad, with smooth wingless margin, broadly cuneate, with 5 firm spines: apical spine 7—10mm long, twice as long as the fruit, the 2 basal spines widely and obliquely diverging, shorter than the apical, 6—8 mm long, in lower part flat, 0.4—0.6mm thick, becoming subulate; the remaining 2 spines borne on either side in the upper third of the fruit, and perpendicular to it, 2—4mm long, 0.4—0.5mm thick, proximally slightly rounded or somewhat flattened, becoming subulate or straight, rarely slightly curved. (Plate II, Figure 3). Oxbows, lakes, ditches. — Far East: Uss. Gen. distr.: China. Described from the vicinity of Voroshilov (formerly Nikol'sk-Ussuriiskii). Type in Leningrad. 3. C. komarovii Kuzen. sp. nova in Addenda VI, p.550. Perennial; stem slender, smooth, sparsely branched; leaves in whorls of 6—8, dark green, 15—18mm long, once or twice divided into filiform lobes, sparsely denticulate. Fruit oblong-oval, stalked, 4-5 mm long, with 3 spines: the apical spine (6) 8—12mm long, usually twice as long as the PLATE II. i] Ceratrophy lium) submvrersium Le) 2) Ecidemiersuim)) U3) Cr onyzie to nu im Worm; 4a C.Kossinskyi Kuzen; 5—C.tanaiticum Sapjeg.; 6 —C.Komarovii Kuzen. 16 19 20 fruit; the 2 basal spines shorter, slightly broadened at base, 5-7mm long; surface of fruit uneven, with a tubercle, outgrowth, or short corniform spine slightly above the middle. July. (Plate II, Figure 6). Ponds and lakes. — European part: Lad.-Ilm., L. Don. Endemic. Described from the vicinity of Leningrad (ponds in Pavlovo Park). Type in Leningrad. 4. C.submersum.L.,)Sp. pl. ed. II (1763) 1409; Ldb., F1l.;Ross.. 1,123; roast Wie I 441: Kryl.,,Fl.,Zap. sib, V,,1113.— C.vulgane Schleiden in Meinshausen, Fl. Ingrica (1878) 288.—C.vulgare y muticum Cham. in Linnaea XI (1837)541.-C.muticum Cham. in Linnaea, l.c.— C. platyacanthum Syreishch., fll. Fl. Mosk. gub. II (1907) 134, non Cham. -— Ic.: Rehb., le. Fl. Germ. XXIII, tab. 31. Perennial; stem very slender, smooth; leaves in dense whorls, light green, soft and delicate, 2—4cm long, forked 3—4 times into filiform lobes, sparsely denticulate. Fruit sessile or subsessile, smooth (in var. aculeatum Lipsky covered with numerous minute prickles, 4—5(6) mm long, with a single straight apical spine much shorter than the fruit proper). June—July. (Plate II, Figure 1). ' Lakes, oxbows, slow-flowing rivers, ditches. — Huropean part: V.-Kama, i eve sVi. Dnpeen Lransvicucls.V .,.Grim.;, Caneasus:. Cisc., Dag... W. Transc.: W. Siberia: Irt. (Baraba); Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh., AmuiD) TT. Sh. Gen. distr.: Centr. and Alt. Eur., W. Med.,.. Bal. Described from Europe. Type in London. 5. C.tanaiticum Sapjeg., Tr. Obshch. isp. prirody pri Khar'kov. univ. XXXVII (1902) 315.—Ic.: ibid. VI. Perennial; stem very slender, 30—100cm high; leaves in approximate dense whorls, light green, soft, 1—1.5cm long, 3-4 times dichotomously divided into 8—16 thin delicate lobes, their upper parts with small scarcely discernible spineless denticles. Fruit oval, flattened, 3-5mm long, borne on a stalk almost half as long as the fruit (1-2 mm), dentate-margined, conspicuously winged; well-developed spines wanting, but often 2 proximal teeth longer than the others though not more than half as long as the fruit; in upper part of fruit 1 or 2 teeth usually more developed than the others, though not longer than the lower teeth; apical tooth seldom well developed; 3—4 little teeth at margin of wing. May. (Plate II, Figure 5). Lakes. — European part: Bl., L. Don. Endemic. Described from the Lower Don area. Type in Leningrad. 6. C.kossinskyi Kuzen., sp. nova in Addenda VI, p. 550. Perennial; slem slender, smooth, sparsely branched; leaves in whorls of 6—8,dark green, 3—4cm long, 2—5 times forked into filiform, rarely filiform-linear, very thin lobes with minutely and sparsely denticulate margin. Fruit oblong-oval,ca. 4mm long, 2.5mm broad, margin narrowly winged, the uneven surface covered with small oblong or scalelike tubercles, occasionally with an additional larger elongated tubercle in upper third of dorsal axis; spines 3, not longer than fruit, slightly broadened proximally, flat, the upper spines 1.5—2.5m long, the lower very distant, 1.5—3.5mm long. June—July. (Plate Il, Figure 4). 17 21 Standing or slow-flowing waters. — European part: L. V. Endemic. Described from the Volga Delta. Type in Leningrad. Family LXII. RANUNCULACEAE JUSS. Flowers zygomorphic or actinomorphic (irregular or regular), spiro- cyclic or in rare cases cyclic, either with calyx or with calyx and corolla, often with prominent nectaries; stamens usually numerous, distinct; gynoecium apocarpous, carpels 1 to many, distinct, only in exceptional cases concrescent, each carpel containing 1 to many ovules with 1 or 2 integuments. The basic unit of fruit a 1- to many-seeded follicle, in one case expanding to resemble a berry; seeds with copious, oleaginous endosperm and small embryo; pollen grains binucleate or rarely trinucleate; antipodal cells often more than 3 or of larger dimensions. Between 1,200 and 1,500 species, mainly in the Temperate Zone; annuals, perennials, or even lianoid climbing plants, often rich in alkaloids and glucosides, with a pungent taste. Dewalquea gelindenensis Sap. et Mar., from the Paleocene of L. Don (Ushi near Kamyshin), in V.-Don (Skolkovo and Toponino in the Ul'yanovsk area, Akshaut, Lysaya Gora, etc.).— D. gelindensis var. dilatata Krassn., from the Paleocene of L. Don (Ushi).— D. grandi- folia Krassn., from the Paleocene of L. Don (Tarasovka, Ushi); V.-Don (Topornik, Yasachnaya Tashla).— D. grandifolia Krassn. var.enermis enermis Krassn.; from Paleocene of L. Don(Ushi).—D. groenlandica Heer, from the Paleocene of L. Don.— D.baldemiana Sap., from the Paleocene of L. Don (Akshaut).— D. orientalis Krassn., from the Paleocene of L. Don (Privol'skaya); V.-Don (Syaz River in the Ul'yanovsk area).— D. sp. in L. Don (Ushi); from V.-Don (Akshaut) Paleocene. Dewalquea is related to Helleborus. Key to Genera PB LOWCES ZO ORMOG DUC’ cr aNnic ia cst os ds © oh, elie eee ss eat 2. BPLOWers AetimomloOL phic mani. f iratist oc 6k) s oe Re ses 30> 1. eke 3. a. Upper sepalgunlike the ophers, torming a-hood (Or ‘Carina’. .- 7-0) RR TCO (kal : UNO Sm mPa CH OSU) aN is Maen WE Genus 525. Aconitum L. + Upper sepal unlike the others, flat, with base drawn out into a spur. . sos vos sit OREM tel eetteh oC ce Nee atleast Genus 524. Delphinium L. BLCarpell with ovules torrie (nuLlice) tollicley» 9) 4... . 2.0. 4.) sa 4, 1 Ovary iianyoovuled: wiGuk ca manyosecded follicle tor berry o. 5 me 19: 4S SP Shan Sime wre Um cache we Wine iss ae se eye Se sao ee en ee a + Perianth double, sepals andpetals sometimes reducedtonectaries ...10. 5. Stem almost leafless, with a single whorl of 3 leaves or a multipartite SPatmesDerow ate melOMmeEn UO TMM du MoMe vs sivedet as iceMtrie Metts, els ake ta ie Cee ee 6. 7 Ler Wa EMME Vetiver sNaCeG LGAVES! ie knee esta leo ctiere a) Oe eet Crete oceans 8. 6. Leaves 3-lobed, spathe of three bracts close to flower forming a kind — OURO NO. P aiohs clnicnlas evict ih 0 12. Stamens 5-15, 2—10cm long. Annuals with only radical leaves; Pee Uscle. OlLONP ate CYLING TG fnew tel dice coo) guaran Rha ose wiped cayeey sli Tye E 13; Stamens numerous; stem usually leaved, rarely leafless; receptacle Dev nemEsoneric; rarely CYliNd PiG oo. yw) .gmcedm esmarinc >| rast ie lend eater 14, Leaves entire, linear, sepals with basal spurs; achenes witha ee RUT a east ark buns gppan aye iv p16) teat ep ena BAC Chiae Late Genus 531. Myosurus L. Leaves tripartite, sepals without spurs; achenes with 2 hollow proximal tubercles and an elongated corniculate beak ........5.. EN Gere! Gre ial ud dont dye oo ihe Genus 532. Ceratocephalus Moench. Petals without basal nectariferous scales; ovaries usually large, repeatedly pinnately parted into narrow lobes ... Genus 540. Adonis L. Petals with a basal nectariferous scale, glabrous or covered with Se PT Meet eae ape oa nia ieu Sy me WMA! Milena ch ol eed tee ci al Sivek. « SM eet 15. Flowers large, white; petals 5-15. Alpine plants with glaucous pinnate leaves; seeds pendulous... Genus 511. Callianthemum C.A.M. Flowers yellow or very seldom white and then small; petals usually SSSI OOMA WIOre: "SCCUS CLEC). shat 6a velsy ilo? bears liye con ate eye pain. 16. Flowers white, leaves with capilliform lobules. Aquatic plants... ee ee Pee cad ec bai ce, sy ah bea Sh ayehgsal > co inadion fs Fee ms fe Genus 536. Batrachium S. F. Gray. Flowers yellow, leaf lobes never capilliform. Terrestrial or sometimes bog plants, very seldom aquatic... e.6 piece meee mee he Behenes With prominent longitudinal VelNS .... 0.6 > apaiiagaprmesy shauthe » Pee aie Py fe cas Uo Via Ve Kaman Uy Dnp.,. vi. Dap.) Vie Dene Treansv., Ble ik Don: “We siberias “Ob (W.). Gen. distr.: Scand., Centr. and Atl. Eur., Med., Bal.-As. Min. Described from Europe. Type in London. 4, T.patulus Salisb.,in Trans. Linn. Soc. (VIII (1807) 303; Ldb., Fl. Ross--1, 502 N. Buseh' im Pl cauec. crit: MH a.eo. aol OMe ca Wie eo eemEs Stev. in Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc. III (1812) 266 (partim).-— T. somcheticus C. Koch in Linnaea XV (1841) 247.—Ic.: Deless. Ic.: Pl. I (1820) tab. 44. — Bxs.:) HE Reno, 171023" hile cave exc. nowlOa: Perennial; stem erect, simple or rarely slightly branched, to 35cm high, with 1, rarely to 4 flowers, smooth, base covered with remnants of previous year's leaves; radical leaves long-petioled, palmately 5-parted into rhombic or elongate-rhombic tripartite lobes, deeply dentate-margined (sometimes dissected into lobes to 3mm broad — var. tenuisectus N. Busch); cauline leaves, excluding uppermost bracts, either absent or 1, mostly sessile, its blade usually smaller than the blades of radical leaves; upper- most leaves just below the flower, approximate, their blades almost as long as the blades of radical leaves, at time of flowering forming a kind of involucre; pedicels very short at flowering, much elongated in fruit. Flowers large, sepals 5—10, ovate or elliptic, golden yellow, slightly concave, distant, therefore the flowers patulous; petal-nectaries ca. 7-8mm long, golden yellow, as long as or slightly longer than stamens, linear; nectar-pit at a height of 1—1.5mm, below this petals tapering very slightly; fruit of 5—15 follicles clustered in a loose head, total length of follicles ca. 4-S5mm long; rostellum straight or curved outward; seeds black-brown, dull, obtusely triquetrousin cross section. May—June. Alpine and subalpine zones at 1,000—2,800m; meadows with melting snow and damp open herb-covered slopes.— Caucasus: Cisc., W. and E. Transc., Tal. Gen. distr.: Iran. Described from the Caucasus. Type in London. 5. T.chinensis Bge.,in Mem. de l'Acad. de Sc. Petersb. II (1832) 77; Maxim., Prim. fl. Amur. (1859) 22.- T.ledebouri var. macro- petalus Rel. Tent’ Pl Ussur. (V86l) 83— We asian tes var. chinensis Maxim., Fl. Mongol. (1889) 25.—Ic.: Bot. Mag. CXL (1914) 8565. Perennial; stem usually branched, more or less erect, 40—150cm high, with several flowers or rarely 1, smooth, sulcate, base covered with remnants of previous year's leaves; radical leaves usually long-petioled, palmately 3—5-parted, with rhombic dissected serrate-dentate lobes; cauline leaves 3—7, the lower petiolate, the upper sessile, blades gradually decreasing in size toward apex; pedicels 5—10cm, slightly elongating (to 15cm) in fruit. Flowers large, to 5cm in diameter; sepals 5, rarely 7—10, orange, slightly concave, broad-ovate; petal-nectaries to 3cm long, always longer and sometimes twice as long as sepals, gradually alternate and cuspidate, 38 48 2—3mm broad, orange; nectar-pit at a height of ca. 4mm, below this level petals abruptly narrowing; fruit of numerous follicles clustered in a head, total length of follicles ca. 14mm long; rostellum ca. 5mm long, curved outward at base, arcuately incurved higher up. May—June. Fertile damp meadows, scrubland, wood margins, and clearings. — Far East: Ze.-Bu., Uss. Gen. distr.: Jap.-Ch. Described from N. China. Type in Leningrad. Economic importance. Because of its flowers, T. chinensis is one of the most beautiful species of the genus; it can therefore be strongly recommended for gardens and parks, where it is most effective when planted in groups on large lawns, surrounded by bushes. Winters in Leningrad without covering. 6. T.ledebouri Rchb., Ic. crit. III (1825) 63; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 51; Noma. te Mianch zh.) i; | 230—232.— DB Adatvu riewis »Turez.., i\Cativebaier (1838) No.55, nom. nud.— Ic.: Rehb., l.c., tab. 272, £. 435. Perennial; stem erect, simple or slightly branched, to 1m high, slightly elongating in fruit, with 1—3, rarely more flowers, smooth, sulcate, base covered with remnants of previous year's leaves; radical leaves petiolate, palmately 5-parted, with rhombic lobes dissected into serrate-dentate lobules; cauline leaves 3—5, the lower petiolate, the upper sessile, the blades gradually decreasing in size toward apex; pedicels 3—15cm, elongating in fruit sometimes to 20cm. Flowers large,to 5cm in diameter, sepals 5—10, orange or yellow, slightly concave, ovate or rhombic-oval or elliptic; petal- nectaries either short, slightly longer than stamens, or else to 20mm long, somewhat longer than the sepals, linear, rounded at apex, yellow or orange, slightly tapering above nectar-pit, which is at a height of ca. 2mm; fruit of numerous follicles clustered in a compact head, total length of follicles ca. 8mm long; rostellum 1—1.5mm long, more or less straight or slightly curved outward. May—June. Damp and boggy meadows, damp forests, shrubby areas and birchwoods, forest clearings and herb-covered slopes.— E. Siberia: Dau.; Far East: Ze.-Bu., Uss., Sakh. Gen. distr.: Jap.-Ch. Described from the Argun River. Type in Berlin. Note. Plants, possibly of hybrid origin, strongly resembling T.asiati- cus are known from Dauria. T.ledebouri is more characteristic of harsher climatic conditions than the previous species. Owing to the considerable variability in length of petal nectaries, the flowers may resembie eithercT. chinensis or, Tasibiricus. 7. T.sibiricus (Rgl. et Til.) N. Schipez. in Not. Syst. ex Herb. Horti Botan. Petropol. IV, 2 (1923) 11.—T. patulus var. sibiricus Rgl. et Til., Florula Ajanensis (1858) 38; Huth in Helios (1892) 11.— T. patulus Lbd., Fl. Ross. I, 50, ex parte; Kom., Fl. Manchzh. II, 232. Perennial; stem erect, simple or rarely slightly branched, 10—70cm high (smaller specimens are mostly characteristic of the far north), elongating in fruit, with 1 or rarely 2—3 flowers, smooth, slightly sulcate, base covered with remnants of previous year's leaves or naked; radical leaves petiolate, palmately 5-parted, with rhombic lobes dissected into serrate-dentate lobules; cauline leaves 2, rarely 3—4, the lower petiolate, 39 49 the upper (or all cauline leaves) sessile, with blades gradually decreasing in size toward the apex; the uppermost leaves more or less reduced; pedicels 1—15 cm, elongating in fruit, sometimes to 30cm. Flowers 1.5—4cm in diameter, smallest in specimens from the far north; sepals 5—12, mostly sulfur -yellow, rarely pale yellow or orange-yellow, broad-ovate or rhombic- oval; petal-nectaries shorter than stamens (to 10mm) to very slightly longer, linear, rounded at apex, concolor with sepals or slightly brighter; nectar-pit at a height of ca. 2mm; fruit of many or several (sometimes 2) follicles clustered in a head, total length of follicles 9-13mm; rostellum ca. 2mm long, curved and bent inward or outward; seeds black-brown, lustrous, Slightly faceted. June. Damp boggy meadows, shores, scrubland, forests, in both lowlands and mountains.— E. Siberia: Yenis., Lena-Kol., Ang.-Say., Dau.; Far East: Okh., Uda. Endemic. Described from the vicinity of Ayan. Type in Leningrad. Note. Inthoselocalities where T. sibiricus grows together with T. asiaticus, we observed specimens which appear to be hybrids with mixed morphological characters; the same applies, but to an even greater degree, to the region south of Lake Baikal. 8. T.asiaticus L., Sp. pl. (1753) 557; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 50; Maxim., Prim: Phe Amur. (2230 Kryli la iZap. -Ziby ia. = les Bore Macey (1793) tab, 235. — Exs.: HFR, Nos. 1203a et b. Perennial; stem erect, simple or branched, 5—80 cm high, with 1, rarely several flowers, smooth sulcate, base covered with remnants of previous year's leaves; radical leaves petiolate, palmately 5-parted, rhombic lobes deeply cleft into unequally serrate-dentate lobules; cauline leaves 1—5, the lower petiolate, the upper sessile, with blades similar to those of radical leaves but somewhat smaller toward apex; pedicals 1-10 cm, elongating in fruit (to 15cm). Flowers large, to 5cm in diameter; sepals 10—20, orange- red, broadly elliptic or obovate, slightly concave; petal-nectaries 2—3 times as long as stamens, about as long as sepals, orange-red, gradually broadening from base upward, rounded at apex; nectar-pit at a height of ca. 3mm; fruit consists of numerous follicles clustered in a compact head, total length of follicles ca. 10mm; rostellum 0.5—1 mm long, abruptly incurved at base; seeds lustrous, black, obtusely triquetrous. May—June. Damp meadows, forests, forest clearings, in both the forest and forest- steppe zones; also penetrating the subalpine and part of the alpine zone; in the north it also grows in the tundra.— Arctic: Arc. Sib. (W.); European part: Dv.-Pech. (E.), V.-Kama(E.); W. Siberia: ob, U. Tob. (E. slopes of the Urals), Irt., Alt.; E. Siberia: Yenis., Lena-Kol. (between the Vilyui and Olenek rivers), Ang.-Say., Dau.; Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb. Gen. distr.: Mong. Described from Siberia. Type in London. Note. Thedistributionarea is discontinuous: 1) the main part of the range includes a wide area extending to the Altai and Sayan mountains; 2) the smaller part includes the eastern slopes of the Urals.* T. asiaticus does not occur in the West Siberian Plain. * Specimens from the Ural part of the range have Seen separated by B.N.Gorodkov as an independent species, T.uralensis Gorodk., distinguished by its petals, shape of nectaries, and manner of growth, and resembling T.europaeus L. This is apparently identical with T.europaeus var. apertus Perf. (1936) described by Perfil'ev in "Flora Severnogo kraya" [Flora of the Northern Territory.] T.uralensis was linked by Gorodkov with T.europaeus, but not with the Siberian species. Ed. 40 50 53 This, species is fairly uniform in its morphological characters; only in the eastern part of the Angara-Sayan area grow divergent forms, with narrower petal-nectaries, comprising forms transitional to T. ledebouri Rehb., which may be hybrids with T. ledebouri. Economic importance. A fine ornamental plant for gardens and parks, resistant to a harsh northern climate. 9. T.riederianus Fisch. et Mey., in Index Sem. Horti Petrop. IV (1837) 48.— T. patulus var. brevistylus Rgl. et Til., Florula Ajanensis (1858) 37.— T. patulus var. Riederianus Huth in Helios (1892) 11.— T. membranostylis Hulten, Fl. Kamtch. II (1928) 99. Perennial; stem simple, erect, 5-40 cm high, greatly elongating in fruit, 1-flowered, smooth, base covered with broad scarious sheaths and remnants of previous year's leaves; radical leaves petiolate, with broad scarious sheaths at base, palmately 3—5-parted, with rhombic lobes deeply cleft into unequally serrate-dentate lobules; cauline leaves 1—3, the lower usually petiolate, the upper sessile, blades resembling those of radical leaves; pedicels 0.5—5 cm, greatly elongating in fruit (to 25cm). Flowers to 3em in diameter; sepals 5-10mm; orange-yellow, broad-oval, slightly concave; petal-nectaries 5—7 mm long, as long as or shorter than stamens, orange- red, gradually broadening from nectar-pit upward, thickened and slightly spatulately broadened and rounded at apex (usual shape of petal-nectaries obpyriform), rapidly tapering below nectar-pit; the latter at a height of ca. 2mm; fruit a loose head of numerous or few clustered follicles, total length of follicles ca. 10mm; follicles with a scarious keel along dorsal suture, around and along the rostellum; the latter ca. 3mm long, hamately curved outward. June. Forest meadows and subalpine meadows. — Arctic: Chuk., An.; Far East: Kamch., Okh., Uda. Endemic. Described from Kamchatka. Type in Leningrad. 10. T. japonicus Mig.,in Annal Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batav. III (1867) 6.— T. ledebouri var. macropetalus Fr. Schmidt, Fl. Sachal. (1868) 113.— Ic.: Somoku Dzusetsu ed. 2, X (1874) tab. 55. Perennial; stem erect, simple or branched, 20—65 cm high, slightly elongating in fruit, with 1 or else 2—3 flowers, smooth, base covered with remnants of previous year's leaves; radical leaves petiolate, palmately 5-parted, with rhombic lobes deeply cleft into unequally narrow-toothed thin delicate lobules; cauline leaves 1—3, the lower petiolate, the upper sessile, blades resembling those of radical leaves; pedicels at beginning of flowering 0.5—1 cm, reaching 10 cm in fruit. Flowers large, to 4cm in diameter; sepals 5—10, bright yellow, broadly elliptic, slightly concave; petal- nectaries orange, as long as or slightly shorter than stamens, linear, rounded at apex; nectar-pit at a height of 1mm; fruit of few follicles clustered in a head, total length of follicles reaching 14mm; rostellum 3 mm long, straight or very slightly inclined outward. May—June. Meadows and meadow slopes. — Far East: Sakh. Gen. distr.: Jap.-Ch. (Japan). Described from Hokkaido Island. 11. T. chartosepalus N., Schipcez. in Not. Syst. ex Herb. Horti- Bot. Petrop. IV, 2 (1923) 11. 41 Pb W 1 — Enemion raddeanum Rgl. a) fruit; 2— Trollius dschungaricus Rgl. a) flower, b) sepal, c) petal, d) stamen, e) fruit. 42 54 Perennial; stem erect, simple, 5-15 cm high, elongating in fruit to 30cm, 1-flowered, smooth, delicate, base covered with broad scarious sheaths 1—2mm long; radical leaves 1 or 2, petiolate, palmately 3—5-parted into broad lobes, incised and unequally dentate at margin; the single cauline leaf sessile, more deeply parted and with narrower lobes than radical leaf; cauline leaf, often also radical leaf, completing development only at end of flowering; pedicels at beginning of flowering 0.5cm, gradually elongating to 9cm by end of flowering. Flowers large,to 4cm in diameter; sepals 5, pale yellow (or white? ), broadly elliptic or obovate, at upper margin erose, very delicate and thin; petal-nectaries orange (?), 4mm long, half as long as stamens, broad, spatulate or broadly obpyriform to 2mm broad at tip; nectar-pit at a height of ca. 0.6mm; fruit of 5—7 follicles, total length of follicles 11mm long,at first rostellum, very slender, straight, as long as or even longer than the ovary. June. Arctic: Chuk. (northern tributaries of the Anadyr River). Endemic. Described from the Anadyr area. Type in Leningrad. Genus 510. HEGEMONE* BGE.** Bge. in Ldb. Fl. Ross. I (1842) 51.— Section He gemone Prantl in Engl. u. Prantl, Naturl. Pflanzenf. III, 2 (1891) 56. Sepals 15—20, pale lilac, persistent, petals 10, much shorter than sepals and stamens, oblong, rounded at apex, with a short proximal nectariferous scale saccule; ovary eglandulose; fruit a many-seeded follicle. 1. H.lilacina Bge.,ex Ldb., Fl. Ross I (1842) 519 Kom.ein Tr .xeeterb. Obshch. estestvoisp. XXVI (1896) 67; Keryl., Fi: Alps. = Tretiius lilacinus Bge., Verz. Pfl. Alt. (1835) 33; Kryl.; Fl. Zap. Sib. V (1931) 1125.—Ic.: Bull. Soc. Bot. France (1904) tab. 4, f.1.— Excs.: Kar. et Kir., No.1160. Perennial; stem erect or ascending, simple, 4—25cm high, elongating in fruit with 1 terminal flower, smooth, base covered with remnants of previous year's leaf sheaths and the broad delicate leaf sheaths of the current year; radical leaves petiolate, palmately 3-parted into obovate lobes, which are deeply cleft into 2—3 shallowly incised and dentate-margined lobules; cauline leaves 2—3, petioles shorter than those of radical leaves; upper leaf sessile; cauline leaf blades less divided than radical and much smaller; pedicels ca. 1cm at flowering, much elongating in fruit, sometimes to 13cm. Flowers solitary, large, to 4cm in diameter; sepals 15—20, rarely 5 (var. micrantha Winkl. ex Kom.) pale lilac, ovate or obovate, persistent and then dingy gray; petal-nectaries ca. 5mm long, yellowish, proximally greenish, lance-linear, rounded at apex, as long as or slightly shorter than filaments, one-third to one-half as long as sepals; nectar-pit at a height of ca. 0.75mm; fruit of numerous aggregated follicles, total length of follicles ca. 10mm; rostellum ca. 2mm, erect or very slightly inclined outward proximally, very slightly incurved higher up; seeds black, lustrous, triquetrous. June—August. * From the Greek hegemone, a sovereign. ** Treatment by Shipchinskii. 43 55 Alpine zone at 2,200—3,500m, banks of rivulets, meadows and moss-and- lichen tundra, snowy patches and near glaciers.— W. Siberia: Alt.; Centr. Asiay: Dzus=Tarb?,. Pam. Aly es i-shes Gen. distr. DzuiaKash.. Described from Altai (Sailyugem and Kuraiskii ranges). Type in Leningrad. Genus 511. CALLIANTHEMUM* C.A.M.** C.A.M. in Ldb. Fl. Alt. II (1830) 336. Flowers white or pink; sepals 5, ovate, whitish or violet. Petals 5—16, linear or broad-ovate, with golden-yellow patches and a proximal nectar- pit. Stamens numerous. Fruit of numerous nutlets dry, 1-seeded, glabrous, with very short rostellum. Perennial, with thickened roots. 1. Leaves thick, more or less succulent, subcoriaceous, blade divided, with 3—6 pairs of broad lobes. Plants as a rule with several stems BA AEE AC RR a RN. Gig Soap an aucr oi arismich qucieonta fo cavior. 4, C.alatavicum Freyn. ts Leaves thin, more or less delicate, blade divided by 2—4 lobes dissected or cleft into more or less narrow segments. Plants with 1 OD AV SRS TIAIS i Sols shia cvits iad. Reina uss) ra! hoy shag ia shes che oan et uneiel des ogc «We Sane 2. 2. Leaves fully developed by time of flowering, blades imparipinnate with 2 pairs of lobes. Flowers usually 3 or more, rarely less than 2cm in diiainete i eta As sakes RY Hee Se 3. C.isopyroides (DC.) Witasek. a Leaves not fully developed by time of flowering, blades with 2—4 pairs of paripinnate lobes. Flowers usually 1 or 2, rarely 3, large, not less than Zien aniGiamieter jie Wa tiie na Peete tou tetereenetDb Unt cuntatre collet es) ihec te raters eo 3. 3. Leaf segments long, narrow. Leaves narrowly elliptic. Flowers A-a.em in. diameter: O85... ded. soe 1. C.angustifolium Witasek. aD Leaf segments short, broad. Leaves elliptic or subovate. Flowers 2 2eaonn ineditameter b.\ sey. eerste ee 2. C.sajanense (Rgl.) Witasek. 1. C.angustifolium Witasek,in Verh. der K. K. zool.-bot. Gesellsch. iia! Wien 2 be. (1899) 83655 Kay], El yZap.1Sib. Wemt2a. — Ba ciunye onguis rutaefolius Schlechtendal, Animadv. bot. in Ranuncul. I (1819) 11. noni lo Ga Lil vwantih emu iru ha et oli AC IVE aim, idio\, Bul eau amie (1830) -3316;) ludbpawHRogseel. 48, Perennial; rootstock horizontal or oblique or vertical; stems mostly soli- tary, simple, 6-22 cm high, longer than the leaves, greenorpurple, 1-flowered, radical leaves usually 2, not fully developed by time of flowering, with long petioles; leaf blades elliptic, bipinnate, with 2—4 but mostly 3 pairs of lobes; lateral lobes ovate-orbicular, tripinnate with long segments. Flowers 2—4cm in diameter; sepals mostly pink; petals numerous, white, slightly concave, broadly or narrowly ovate or linear, rounded or emarginate at apex; fruitlets 2mm in diameter, rugose with a short rostellum. May— June. (Plate VI, Figure 22). At 1,500—3,500m in alpine and subalpine meadows, on rocks and moraines, near glaciers, on banks of rivulets, on rock streams and rocky * From the Greek callos, beauty, and anthemon, a flower. ** Treatment by Shipchinskii. 56 slopes.— W. Siberia: Alt.; Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb. Gen distr.: Dzu.- Kash., Mong. (NW). Described from the Dzungarian Ala-Tau. Type in Vienna. 2. C.sajanense (Rgl.), Witasek in Verh. der K. K. zool.-bot. Gesellsch. in Wien XLIX (1899) 338.—C. rutaefolium var. sajanense Rgl. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXIV, 2 (1861) 51.—C.rutaefolium DaEReZi.., Fl. baic.-dahur. I, 45 (ex parte), non Rchb. nec. C.A.M.; Ldb., Fl. Ross. Perse srberyl jfk: ~ Alt’? T,--32¢ Perennial; rootstock horizontal or oblique or vertical; stems slender, 4—35cm high, 1- or 2-flowered, longer than the leaves; radical leaves not fully developed by time of flowering, thin, elliptic or subovate, bipinnate with broad segments. Flowers smaller than in the preceding species, 2—2.5cm in diameter; sepals greenish or pinkish or even violet; petals white, few, ovate or orbicular, not emarginate; nutlets 2mm in diameter, globose, rugose. May—June. (Plate VI, Figure 20). Alpine meadows, high-mountain mossy tundras and rocks.— W. Siberia: Alt. (known only in the Kuznetsk Ala Tau, in the vicinity of the springs of the Ters River); E. Siberia: Ang.-Say., Dau. (SW). Gen. distr.: Mong. Described from Mt. Munku-Sardyk, at 2,000—2,850m. Type in Leningrad. 3. C.isopyroides (DC.),Witasek in Verh. der K. K. zool.-bot. Gesellsch. in Wien XLIX (1899) 341.— Ranunculus isopyroides DC., Syst. nat. I (1818) 238; Prodr. I, 30.—Ranunculus anemonoides Sievers, Briefe aus Sibirien (1796) ex Sententia Schlechtendali in Animadv. bot. 11.— Callianthemum rutaefolium Turcz., Fl. baic.-dahur. I, 45 (ex parte).— C. rutaefolium var. anemonoides Rgl. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. XXXIV, 2 (1861) 51. Perennial; rootstock vertical or rarely oblique or horizontal; stems 1 to several, 15—45cm high, round, sulcate, not stout, mostly longer than the leaves, generally branched in their upper part; flowers 2—3-several per stem; radical leaves fully developed by time of flowering, mostly 2, with long petioles, leaf blades elliptic or ovate, imparipinnate or bipinnate [sic] with 2 pairs of lobes; leaf lobes suborbicular, the lower often petiolate, leaf segments orbicular. Flowers not more than 2cm in diameter, white, pedicels long, slender; sepals 5, deciduous, ovate, pale-colored, membranous; petals 5—8, orbicular; nutlets oblong, narrowed at both ends, rugose, 4—5mm long and 2.5mm broad. May—June. (Plate VI, Figure 21). At not very high altitudes,submontane belt,boggy valleys, lake shores, forest clearings, damp meadows and other damp habitats. E. Siberia: Ang.-Say. (E.), Dau. Gen. distr.: Mong. Described from Siberia. Type in Geneva. 4, C.alatavicum Freyn in Bull. 1'Herb. Boiss. VI (1898) 882; Witasek, l.c., S$45.— C.rutaefolium auct. florae Turkestanicae. Perennial; rootstock vertical or oblique; stems usually numerous, 5—25cm long, decumbent or ascending or rarely erect, mostly simple; radical leaves numerous, glabrous, glaucous, rarely fully-developed by time of flowering, more or less thick or even coriaceous, with long petioles; leaf blades narrowly elliptic, very rarely ovate, bipinnate, rarely pinnate, 45 57 58 with 3—6 pairs of leaflets; leaf lobes more or less dissected, lobes over- lapping in not fully developed leaves, with very short petioles or sessile; cauline leaves 1 or 2, with very short petioles or sessile, orbicular. Flowers 2—2.5cm in diameter; sepals 5, green or purple; petals 6—10, broad-ovate or even suborbicular; nutlets subglobose, 4mm long and 2—5mm broad, rugose. May—June. Mountains at 2,100—3,500m, upper timberline and higher, stony slopes, moraines, rocks, rock streams, alpine meadows and alpine tundras. — Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb., Pam.-Al., T.°sh: Gen. distr.:| Dzu.-Kash. 7) Descerised from the Dzungarian Ala-Tau. Type in Vienna. Genus 512. HELLEBORUS* L.** L. Gen. pl. ed. 5 (1754) 244. Sepals 5, petaloid, large, variously colored, persistent, squamous; petals in the form of small, usually greenish and yellow-green, tubular nectary borne on a short stalk and broadening considerably toward apex, distal part obtusely and emarginately truncate or extended into a sometimes involute lip; stamens numerous, hypogynous; fruit of 3—10 follicles, coriaceous, apocarpus or connate at base, many-seeded, dehiscing along ventral suture, crowned by a persistent occasionally colored style. Seeds elliptic or globose, covered with dentate or cariniform processes. Perennial; leaves usually palmately and pedately dissected. NWussian name: moroznik. Economic importance. These large-flowered plants bloom very early in spring, and deserve cultivation. Roots and rootstock contain the glucoside helleborin and should be investigated as a possible source of medicines. A decoction of H.caucasicus A. Br., including the roots, is used in Transcaucasia as a liniment for rheumatism (Rollov). 1. Follicles connate at base. Leaves pedately dissected into 5—7 lobes, which usually are rather deeply cleft into 2—3 secondary lobules, more or less pubescent beneath.” “Forests of the Wkraime 's 3) 5). eee a aroma i aa AN tart ED nena Be os lel oid 1. H.purpurascens Waldst. et Kit. oe Follicles distinct at base. Leaves pedately dissected into 5—11 lance- ovate or elliptic entire lobes (1 or 2 lobes occasionally secondarily dissected)" Horests of the Cameasucus is feo. 2. a Bo 2. Sepals more or less intensely carmine-red....3. H.abchasicus A. Br. a Sepals white about the middle, with numerous small red spots, slightly purple at the margin and greenish insidé the margin <5...) \) see purple at the margin and ereenish inside the marcia. c) 0s). 1 eee 5 Gaara tee ee aU iane a Ja ait eet ae eo nen oe 4, H.guttatus A. Br. et Sauer. + Sepals: pale greenish-yellow -brownls ie. eis eae oo 2. H.caucasicus A. Br. 1. H. purpurascens Waldst. et Kit., Pl. rar. Hung. II (1805) 105; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 52; Schiffner, Monogr. Hellebor. in Nov. Act. Acad. Leopold. (1891) tab Vi, ChE 1227—"H ni ver idb. HweRoss. [51 )— Tc: “Walldcs. “ From Helleboros, Greek name of an officinal plant, apparently H.orientalis. ** Treatment by Krasheninnikov. 46 59 etiti aioe; tape £015> Schifin:, 1.c., tab. VII. —'Exs.:: Pl. Austro-Hung. exs. No. 2544.— Russian name: moroznik krasnovatyi [reddish]. Perennial; radical leaves large, with long petioles, pedately dissected into 5—7 lobes, 10—15cm long, each leaflet usually cleft to varying degrees into broad or narrow lanceolate lobules, smooth and lustrous above, pubescent beneath, mostly along the prominent veins (later glabrescent), margin biserrate; scapes not high, with 1—3 drooping flowers 3.5—5cm in diameter; sepals rhombic-ovate, slightly arcuately recurved, outside a dingy violet-purple with dark veins, inside violet-purple and greenish, with rather strong reddish border; petal-nectaries yellow-green, rather intensely orange-yellow, near base closed by the involute upper lip; follicles connate at base, large, with very prominent veins, and sharp keel on the outside; style purple. February—April. Broadleaf forests. — European part: U. Dnp. (W.), M. Dnp. (W. part of Podolia). Gen. distr.: Bal.-As. Min. (W.), Atl. Eur. (E.). Described from central Hungary. Type in Vienna. 2. H.caucasicus A. Br.,in App. ad Ind. sem. Horti Berol. (1853) 14.— BYpenidens (A. Br.j loc., 24:—H oOrrentalts: Ldb.) Fl. /Ross..I, 52, non Lam.— H. Kochii Schiffn. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XI (1890) 109; Monogr. Monogr. Helleb., 1.c., 85; N. Busch in Fl. cauc. crit. II (1903) 22-23. — H.casta diva ssp. Kochii N. Busch., l.c., III (1903) 226.-— Ic.: Schiffn., Monogr. Hell., l.c., tab. V (sub H. kochii Schiffn.).— Exs.: Herb. Fl. Cauc. No. 6 (sub H.casta diva ssp. Kochii N. Busch). Perennial; radical leaves 1 or 2, long-petioled, large, more or less coriaceous, pedately dissected into 5—11 lobes 8—15cm long, lanceolate- elliptic or broadly elliptic, cuneate, margin biserrate; scapes of few bracts, their 1—3 flowers to 8cm in diameter drooping at first; sepals spatulate, broad-ovate, slightly arcuately recurved at margin, pale greenish-yellow- brown; petal-nectaries slightly compressed, yellow-green, with inflexed margins; anthers elliptic, rounded at apex; follicles numerous, distinct at base, curved-ascending with straight style. Flowering in southern regions. Fl. December—March. (Plate VI, Figures 23 and 24). Broadleaf and coniferous forests. — Caucasus: Cisc., W. and E. Transc., Tal. Gen. distr.: Bal.-As. Min. (E.). Described from Transcaucasia. Type in Berlin. 3. H.abchasicus A. Br., in App. ad Ind. sem. Horti Berol. (1853) 14; Poms: Fi Orsi, 63 ppt: Schifin., Menopr. Hell.; 94;° Schiffm. ,'Gatt. Mettep., 1c.) 120>" "Ne Basch in FI? ‘eauc! crit. If, 24.— HB caucasicus var. abchasicus Rgl., Gartfl. (1860) 93 et (1866) 33.—-H.colchicus Rgl., in Bull. Acad. St. Petersb. (1856) 403 et Gartfl. (1856) 293; Boiss., fOr, 62)— Ho casta’ diva ssp. abchasicus N. Busch., l.c., (1903) 226.—Ic.: Koch, Allg. Gartztg. (1858) tab. 1; Rgl., Gartfl. (1860) tab. 293 (under the name of H. abchasicus A. Br., v. colchicus Rgl.).— Exs.: HFR No. 1703. Perennial; radical leaves often 2—4, long-petioled, large, more or less coriaceous, glabrous, pedately dissected into 5—8 lance-ovate leaflets 12—14cm long, occasionally violet, margin biserrate. Scapes few-leaved, sometimes reddish, with 2—4 flowers 4—8cm in diameter, drooping at first; 47 60 sepals broad-ovate, slightly arcuately recurved, more or less strongly acuminate, margin slightly undulate, more or less intensely dark red, sometimes with even darker small spots; petal-nectaries slightly compressed, green, frequently with red stripes, with an involute lip; anthers emarginate, yellowish-white; follicles distinct, on very short stalks; style purple; seeds black, lustrous. Fl. January—February. (Plate VI, Figure 25). Forests and forest margins.— Caucasus: W. Transc. Endemic. Described from Abkhazia. Type in Berlin. Note. Inareasof W. Transcaucasia, where H. caucasicus and H.abchasicus occupy a common habitat, plants have been found with unusually varied flower coloration. Side by side were encountered specimens with flowers colored dark purple, red, pale green, greenish white with a pink edge, white with a reddish tinge, etc. Most of these are probably of hybrid origin. 4, H.guttatus A. Br.,et Sauer.,in App. ad Ind. sem. Horti Berol. (1853) 13: Boiss:, Fl. Or, 1, 63 “Schifin: Gatt) Helleb. ltt; Schitin:; “Wont Helleb 2998; ANenBuschvain ise cauic: der ltnehtl ie 2iana Ei. te earmcrarsniueiEs yar. guttatus Rel, Gartil: (1860) 192,—Ic.: C. Koch, Allg. Garten- Zeit. (1858) tab. 2. Perennial; radical leaves 2, long-petioled, pedately dissected with large ovate-lanceolate lobes. Scapes reddish-leprose below, few-leaved, with large drooping flowers; sepals broad-ovate or rhombic-ovate, acuminate or obtuse, slightly arcuately recurved, white above, sometimes greenish at base, slightly purple-red at margin, covered with numerous small reddish spots, rather intensely purple below but without spots; petal- nectaries closed, slightly compressed, yellowish-green; anthers oblong, obtuse or emarginate; follicles distinct, borne on very short stalks. March. Forests.— Caucasus: E. Transec. Endemic. Described from the vicinity of Tbilisi. Type in Berlin. Economic importance. Because of their beautiful flowers, many species of Helleborus were long ago cultivated as ornamental plants. Many garden hybrids are known,e.g., H. guttatus X H.abchasicus = H.heyderi Hort. bot. berol. [sic]; H. abchasicus X H. purpura- scens =H.lividescens A. Br. et Sauer. H. guttatus is sometimes considered a wild hybrid of H.caucasicusX H.abchasicus (see, for example, N. Busch, l.c., 226). Genus 513. ERANTHIS* SALISB. ** Salisb. in Transact. of Linn. Soc. VIII (1807) 303. Flowers with 5—8 deciduous petaloid sepals; nectaries 5—8, broadened, emarginate or bilobate, sometimes bearing anthers or more or less tubular. Stamens of indefinite number. Fruitlets distinct, pedunculate. Ovaries many-ovuled. Perennial plants, wintering by means of tuberlike thickened subterranean stems. Aerial parts annual, herbaceous, with 1, 2, rarely more * From the Greek er, a spring, and anthos, a flower. ** Treatment by Shipchinskii. 48 61 radical leaves from 1, rarely 2 floralaxes,terminating in a sessile or pedicellate flower subtended by a leaf-shaped involucre. 1. Involucre of deeply dissected into numerous narrow linear lobes. Pam er SIME ARMA GIs Gh DN ie ade 1. E.longistipitata Rel. ot Involucre subentire or dissected into broader lobes. Fruitlets lARSCCOlbet ate te. ve OALboR PSs Oe Bieter. .Leihe@en. ace 3 2. 2. Pedicels, peduncles, and fruitlets covered with delicate, white Pena Glas RARE? SHH IOI, Bats Me eGR S Rh Le he 3. E.stellata Maxim. = Pedicels, peduncles, and fruitlets glabrous, or else the peduncles, upper part of pedicels, and fruitlets densely covered along sutures with very ehostycllow clandularthairse,).. ofl. Joti Gee el 2. E.sibirica DC. 1. E.longistipitata Rgl., Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. XLIII (1870) 244; Huth in Engler's Bot. Jahrb. XVI (1893) 299.— Exs.: H.F. A. M., No.126 Perennial; from a subglobose tuber arise 1 or 2 palmately 3—5-parted radical leaves and a leafless stem 3—25cm long, bearing an involucre divided into linear segments, single flower short-pediceled at flowering; pedicel much elongated in fruit. Sepals 5—6, petaloid, yellow (pinkish when dry), elliptic; petal-nectaries tubular, subentire, one-third as long as the sepals; fruitlets borne on long declinate stalks, erect or declinate, linear with a longish straight or curved beak. May—June (?). (Plate VI, Figures 16 and and 19), Stony slopes and loose argillaceous soils, submontane belts, and mountains to the alpine zone.— Centr. Asia: Amu D., Syr. D., Pam.-Al., T. Sh. Gen. distr.: Iran. (NE). Described from the Bugun mountains. Type in Leningrad. 2. E.sibirica DC., Syst. 1(1818) 315; Prodr. I (1824) 46; Ldb., Fl. Ropaue, noe: Plures.;, Fl.;baic.-dahur;, L 69; Kryl. l..Zap.: Sid. Vs Cia5e— es Mei neta Lurczs, Cat. jbaic: (1838) No. 56;. ludb.,, EL. Ross. I, 52; Huth in Engler's Bot. Jahrb. XVI (1893) 298.—- Helleborus sibiricus Roem. et Schult., Syst. veget. II (1825) 658. Perennial— with a subglobose tuber produces 1 palmately 3—5-parted radical leaf, with its lobes tripartite to the middle, and a leafless stem 5—28cm long bearing an involucre divided into narrow entire or trifid leaf- like segments; pedicel of single flower short at first, later elongating, glabrous (var. nuda Schipcz.) or glandular-pubescent (var. glandulosa Schipez.); sepals 5—6, petaloid elliptic or oval, yellow; petal-nectaries rather broad, bilobate at apex, one-fourth to one-third as long as the sepals; fruitlets on short stalks, obliquely declinate, narrowly lanceolate or oblong- elliptic with a shortish straight or more or less curved beak. May—June. (Plate VI, Figures 15 and 17). Mossy localities both in submontane belts and in mountains. — W. Siberia: Alt.; E. Siberia: Ang.-Say. Endemic. Described from East Siberia (probably from Kultuk on Lake Baikal). Type in Geneva. 3. E. stellata Maxim., Primit. fl. Amur. (1859) 22; Huth in Engler's Bot. Jahrb. (1893) 299: Kom., Fl. Manchzh., Il, 233.— E.uncinata var. puberula Rgl., Tent. Fl. Ussur. (1861) 8.— Ic.: Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXIV, No.3 (1861) tab. 1.— Exs.: HFR No.1906. 49 62 63 Perennial; from a subglobose tuber arise 1, rarely 2—3 small, palmately parted radical leaves and a leafless stem 5—35cm long terminating in an involucre divided into lance-linear incised segments; pedicel of single flower short at first, later elongating, pedicel covered with white glandular hairs. Sepals 5—8, petaloid, elliptic, mostly acuminate, yellow; petal- nectaries rather broad, bilobate at apex, one-fourth to one-third the length of the sepals; fruitlets on short stalks, stellately spreading at maturity; pedicel, stalks, and fruitlets covered with glandular hairs; fruitlets narrowly lanceolate or oblong-elliptic, with a shortish straight or more or less curved beak. April. (Plate VI, Figure 18). Deep shade in mixed forests or forest margins, herb-covered localities, rich and moist soil.— Far East: Uss. Gen. distr.: Jap.-Ch. Described from the Amur River area. Type in Leningrad. Genus 514. NIGELLA* L.** L. Sp. pl. (1753) 534. Sepals 5, deciduous, rarely persistent, petaloid, usually yellow, blue, or whitish, often with a claw. Petals 5—8, developed as nectaries, bilobate, the upper lip usually much shorter than the lower, shape frequently complex, with nectariferous pit. Stamens numerous, anthers obtuse or acuminate. Follicles more or less connate, inflated or flattened. Annual herbs; leaves pinnate or rarely entire or palmatisect. Russian name: chernushka. 1. Sepals 2-3, very small, half as long as petal-nectaries, with a very SO PERE a igo es eae inh Net eee elatls Macie ea. vee Meme datitedrat (a 1. N.garidella Spenn. cf Sepals more or less longer than petal-nectaries. Petals usually oO rarely 3, with a longish beale ...0s 0s s.c 2 soo ve. esse ll en ee ae 2. sepals yellow. Follicles flattened “2220 se 4 ns) ee ee ee 3. ae sepals blue. “Follicles inflated or slightly flattened ) 7. 1) 21s a nee 5. 3. Lower lip of petal-nectaries ovate-oblong, deeply emarginate, without One HiSprad TOES 2) eer ere Mesos vate whee eevee enetee eel emanate 2. N.orientalis L. 15 Lower lip of petal-nectaries produced into very long hispid lobes... 4. 4. Hispid lobes of lower lip of nectaries as long as or slightly shorter than the anthers. Leaf lobes more or less broad, lance-linear, smooth FUT SCM oi ic aa ema Omer Mimi Aan ti Hs con cur cacterrnetinn, Bindi, Fl 3. N.oxypetala Boiss. a Hispid lobes of lower lip of nectaries considerably longer than the anthers. Leaf lobes narrow-linear, with a more or less dense SCAN LOUSTPUVESC ONES tec acelin he tent ts te Peart ce) 1 or vel 3. N. persica Boiss. 5. Lower leaves entire, middle and upper leaves palmatipartite. Sepals directed upward, oblong, clawless, proximally, but slightly exceeding the flat, distally divided lower lip of nectaries. Follicles usually 3, nG2 WG oo ba G2 ale REA ine E NPP AM ENE) csreiccl veniicto, 6o\ ce eltcy CeO PeCelaeOcedchc Cac 6. ty All leaves pinnate. At flowering sepals spreading or reflexed, usually with a basal iclaw (sepals.narrowed). Follicles 5-10........... (e * The name of a plant in Matthaeus Sylvaticus; diminutive of the Latin niger, black. ** Treatment by Krasheninnikov. ‘50 64 6. Sepals 12—-14mm long, to 8mm broad; petal-nectaries to 9mm long. Follicles including the beak to 2mm long. . .11.N. Bucharica N. Schipcz. + Sepals 5-8mm long, 2—2.5mm broad; petal-nectaries to 5mm long. Follicles, including beak,to 10mm long ....... 10. N.integrifolia Rgl. i. \ meee cernate to level of base of style. . 148... . OB. ike ow we 8. + Follicles connate for one-half to two-thirds of their Lengo. cost. ood HO: 8. Glabrous plants; seeds more or less strongly rugose or rugose- Paw Fe Sh BR Sete sn A ke oe Mea ahs weetin ft 9. + Plants roughened below, glandular-pubescent from the middle; seeds almost smooth;but slightly tuberculate at high magnification...... See Bis Tee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee we. 9, N. glandulifera Freyn et Sint. 9. Follicles smooth, leaf lobes subulate; upper leaves enveloping the flower, forming a kind of spathe, larger than the flower ......... Saceae Fee ee ee ee ee 8. N.damascena L. + Follicles granularly tuberculate, leaf lobes linear, upper leaves not forming a spathe longer than the flower............ 7. N. sativa L. 10. Follicles connate to the middle, or rarely to two-thirds of their length, with 3 conspicuous veins from base to tip, slightly divergent distally. Sepals 15-20mm long, short-acuminate. Anthers long-acuminate. Light green andi glaucescént plants ¢ +). ) ¥je (lel). 5. N.arvensis L. + Follicles connate to two-thirds at their length, with longitudinal veins prominent only distally at apex, sepals 10—12mm long, obtuse; anthers with ashort mucro or obtuse. Dark green plants... 6. N.segetalis M.B. Section 1. GARIDELLA Prantl, in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. IX (1887) 244.—-— Sepals oblong, whitish-pink, shorter than nectaries. Follicles 3, small, with a short beak. 1. N.garidella Spenner, Monogr. Nigell. (1829) 11; Shmal'g., Fl. I, 25; N. Busen in Fi eattie, crits dil, 26—-27.— Garidella nigellastrum L. Sp. pl. (1753) 425; DC., Prodr. I, 48; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 54; Boiss., BY. Or. Iiaye—ic.: Botw.Mag!: tab. P286" Annual; glabrous; stem very prominently ribbed, erect from the middle or in upper part, more or less branched; leaves 2—3cm long, bipinnately dissected into few linearly setose lobules. Sepals whitish-pink, oblong, 3—4mm long,margin sometimes sparsely ciliate; petal-nectaries small, on a long stalk (with a claw), the upper lip very short, lanceolate, the lower lip several times as long, divided into 2 narrow lanceolate lobes; follicles 3, more or less intimately connate, 6-7 mm long, with a very short beak. Seeds ovate with reticulate sculpture. June. (Plate VI, Figures 8 and 9). Neglected fields and stony steppe slopes. — European part: Crim.; Caucasus: Cisc., Dag., E. Transc.; Centr— Asia: Mtn. Turkm. (Karakala). Gen. distr.: Med., Iran. Described from southern France (Provence). Type in London. Section 2. NIGELLASTRUM DC. Prodr. I (1824) 48.— Sepals with a basal claw, yellow, considerably longer than nectaries. Follicles 5—8, flattened, with long styles. | (65) PLATE VI. 1—Nigella sativa L., anthers of this species and flower of N.integrifolia Rgl.; 2—N.segetalis M.B., follicle; 3—N.segetalis M.B., nectary; 4—N.orientalis L.; 5—N.sativa L.; 6 — N.arvensis L.; 7—-N.damascena L.; 8—N.garidella Spenn., follicle; 9 -N.garidella Spenn., nectary; 10 —N.persica Boiss; 11—N.oxypetala Boiss., nectary; 12 —N.oxypetala Boiss., fruit and cross section of a follicle; 13 - N.bucharica N.Schipez., nectary; 14 —N.integrifolia Rgl.; 15 —Eranthis sibirica DC., nectary of Sayan plant; 16 —E.longistipitata Rgl.; 17 —E.sibirica DC., nectary; 18 —E.stellata Maxim.; 19 —E.longistipitata Rgl., habit, fruit; 20 -Callianthe- mum sajanense (Rgl.) Witasek; 21 —-C.isopyroides (DC.) Witasek; 22 —-C.angustifolium Witasek.; 23,24 —Helleborus caucasicus A. Br.; 25 -—H.abchasicus A. Br., nectary. 52 67 Section 2. NIGELLASTRUM DC., Prodr. I (1824) 48.— Sepals with a basal claw, yellow, considerably longer than nectaries. Follicles 5—8, flattened, with long styles. 2. N.orientalis L., Sp. pl. (1753) 534; Boiss., Fl. Or. I, 69; N. Busch mg Bl. cauc. crit. If,,.23:— Ic.: Bot. Mag., tab. 1264; Gaertn., Fruct. et sem. II, tab.119. Annual; stem glabrous, distinctly faceted; leaves bipinnatisect, with few narrow linear lobules, margins revolute and more or less densely covered with short bristles sometimes extending to the midrib. Sepals yellow, to 1.5cm long, oblong, narrowed toward base into a short stalk, at apex passing into a short sometimes colored cusp, with short bristles along veins beneath, wilting at end of flowering; petal-nectaries half as long as the sepals, with a short broad stalk; upper lip very short, broad-ovate, triangularly acuminate, the lower lip twice as long, ovate-oblong in the middle, more or less deeply and narrowly incised from above with long white hairs; stamens short-acuminate; follicles 5—12, flattened, connate for almost half their length, strongly divergent above, greenish yellow, lustrous, 2—3cm long, with 3 dorsal veins, passing into a straight beak as long as or somewhat shorter than the follicles. Seeds ovoid. May—June. (Plate VI, Figure 4). Cultivated fields and steppe slopes.— Caucasus: E. Transc. Gen. distr.: Bal.-As. Min. (E.), Arm.-Kurd. Described from Asia Minor (vicinity of Aleppo) [sic]. Type in London. 3. N.oxypetala Boiss. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser.II, XVI (1841) 357; Boiss., FPi,etor.71,569; N. Busch in Fle cauc.,crit. Mi, , 28. Annual; glabrous; stem distinctly faceted, more or less branched; leaves pinnately dissected into few linear-lanceolate lobes, the terminal lobe frequently larger, with prominent veins beneath, petiole proximally white-scarious on both sides. Sepals 1—1.5cm long, yellow, ovate- lanceolate, tapering to base, short-acuminate; petal-nectaries small, basally narrowed into a long stalk, the upper lip very short, rounded-ovate, the lower lip broadened in its lower part, with 2 short horizontal lateral, orbicular lobes, the lip proper produced into 2 long setiform lobes as long as the stamens, covered with isolated long hairs above; anthers short- acuminate; follicles flattened, connate to middle or almost to middle, diverging slightly at apex, 1—1.5cm long, greenish yellow, lustrous, with 3 dorsal veins passing into lower part of almost straight 1-cm long beak; seeds compressed, with a border. May—June. (Plate VI, Figures 11 and 12). Cultivated fields and steppe slopes.— Caucasus: S. Transc. (Erevan). Gen. distr.: Bal.-As. Min. (E.), Arm.-Kurd. Described from Asia Minor. Type in Geneva. *4, N.persica Boiss. inAnn. Sc. Nat. ser. II, XVI (1841) 358.— N.oxypetala var. tenuifolia Boiss., Fl. Or. I (1867) 70. Annual; stem simple or branched in upper part, distinctly faceted, the facets slightly scabrous; leaves bipinnately dissected into narrow-linear lobules, strongly scabrous owing to more or less dense short stiff hairs borne mainly along margins of lobules and on lower veins, petiole proximally broadly white-scarious on both sides. Sepals to 1.5cm long, yellow, 53 68 69 lanceolate, tapering to base, short-acuminate, slightly scabrous beneath by short stiff hairs, horizontally spreading or recurved; petal-nectaries small with a long basal stalk, the upper lip short, rounded-lanceolate, the lower lip broad in its lower part, with 2 short horizontal orbicular lobes and 2 long setiform lobules above, considerably longer than the stamens and covered with long sparse hairs above; stamens short-acuminate; follicles 6, flat, connate to three-fourths of their length, slightly divergent above, to 2cm long, greenish yellow; beak straight,to 1cm long. June. (Plate VI, Figure 10). Steppe slopes. — In regions of Turkey bordering on S. Transec. Gen. distr.: Bal.-As. Min. (E.), Arm.-Kurd., Iran. Described from Iran. Type in Geneva. Section 3. EUNIGELLA Prantl in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. IX (1887) 244. — Sepals with a claw, azure, longer than nectaries. Follicles 5—10, inflated or slightly compressed, with a more or less long beak. 5. N.arvensis L., Sp. pl. ed. 11 (1762) 753; Ldb:, Fl. Ross. I, 84: Boiss:;; FI. Or.) 1) 655. ‘Shmal"o.; Fil 1/2527 N. Buseh inh cave. tere Il, 200—"le..hehb., fe.) Bly (Germ? IV) "tab i207. 473 5. — Shoes el eee No. 303 (sub nom. N. sativa L.). Annual; glaucous-green; stem ribbed, sometimes finely torulosely roughened along ribs, erect, more or less branched; leaves 2—4cm long, pinnately dissected into few narrow-linear lobes, sometimes with reflexed, finely tuberculate rough margins. Sepals 1.5—2cm long, rounded obovate, with sharply prominent veins, at upper margin slightly sinuate, very abruptly short-acuminate, in lower part abruptly narrowed into a claw; petal- nectaries small, on short stalks, the upper lip proximally rounded-broadened, abruptly elongating into a cusp, considerably shorter than the ovate, slightly pubescent lower lip, the latter often green with blue transverse stripes and dissected into 2 lobules, callously thickened above; anthers long-acuminate; follicles oblong, strongly roughened by small tubercles, connate for half their length, strongly ribbed dorsally, the ribs passing into a long tuberous longitudinally rounded beak about as long as the ovaries proper. May— August. (Plate VI, Figure 6). Weed-infested places, cultivated fields, steppe slopes, and occasionally stony slopes. — European part: Lad.-Ilm.; M?’Dnp., U.’ Dap’, Bl.3) Leeper, Crimy.; ‘Caucasus; ‘Cise:>) DagiuHey W., andiSetiranse.,) Walisr|Centie Asia: Kyz. K. (W.). Gen. distr.: Centr. and Atl. Eur., Med. Described from S. Europe. Type in London. Note. There is amore glaucous form with profusely branched stem, shorter thicker leaf lobules, and more torosely scabrous follicles (var. divaricata Boiss.). 6. N.segetalis M.B., Fl. taur.-cauc. II (1808) 16; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, Jos iBoiss is His Ors LMGa2AN: Buscehtin bP eeave eri ily 30s— N.tuberculata Griseb., Spic. Fl. Rum. I (1843) 318.—N. foenicu- lacea DC., Syst.1 (1818) 328; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 58.—Ic.: M.B., Cent. pl. rar. ross. I, tab.25.— Exs.: Dorfler, Herb. Norm. No. 4464; Calier, It. taur. 1900 No.534 (sub N. tuberculata Griseb.). 54 Annual, green, glabrous; stem erect, sulcate, simple or more or less profusely branched almost from base; leaves bipinnately dissected into few linear or linear-setose lobules. Sepals 10—12mm long, glabrous, obovate, obtuse, abruptly short-attenuate at base, becoming recurved before end of flowering; petal-nectaries on a stalk, sparsely hairy, the upper lip proximally broad, oblong-lanceolate, elongated above into a linear-subulate mucro shorter than the lower lip, deeply dissected at the middle into 2 lanceolate lobes tapering into callous thickenings; follicles connate for two-thirds of their length, slightly divergent above, more or less strongly granular-tuberculate (i.e., [not] glandular), narrowly terete, to 2 cm long, dorsally rounded at base, with 3 prominent veins above, these passing into a beak half as long as the ovary. June—July. (Plate VI, Figures 2 and 3). Cultivated fields, weed-infested places, and steppe slopes. — European part: Bl., Crim.; Caucasus: E. and 8. Transc. Gen. distr.: Bal.-As. Min., Arm.-Kurd., Iran. Described from the Crimea. Type in Leningrad. Note. Apart from the typical form, there is another form distinguished by its simple or slightly branched stem, narrow leaf lobules, and large, to 1.5cm long, sepals (var. armena (Stev.) Boiss.). 7. N. sativa L., Sp. pl. ed. II (1762) 753; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 55; Boiss., Pd Oxtrds:0683-Nia ‘Busechiin-F 1; eauc. crit. HEi34s— le.4| Sibth. Fi. Graec: tab.511; Rchb., Ic. Fl. Germ. IV, f£.4736. Annual; leaves 2—3cm long, bi- or tripinnately dissected into short linear divergent lobules; sepals oblong, 1—1.5cm long, obtuse, basally narrowing into a short stalk; petal-nectaries with a short stalk, slightly pubescent, the upper lip oblong, tapering upward into a linear cusp, slightly shorter than the lower lip, the latter parted to the middle, or deeper into 2 lobules broadened and with a tubercle in the middle and tapering toward base apically with callous thickenings at the apex. Anthers obtuse or slightly acuminate; follicles granular-torulose, inflated, connate almost to apex, to 1.5cm long, dorsally rounded, with a ribbed longitudinally involute beak about as long as the ovary. Seeds triquetrous, rugose-tuberculate. May—August. (Plate VI, Figures 1 and 5). Cultivated fields, gardens, and steppe slopes.— Eurpean part: U. Dnp., M. Dnp:, Bl., Crim.; Caucasus: Cisc., E. Transc.; Centr. Asia: Balkh., T. Sh., Pam.-Al. Gen. distr.: Med., Bal.-As. Min., Arm.-Kurd., Iran., Dzu.-Kash. Described from the Mediterranean area (Egypt, Crete). Type in London. Economic importance. The highly nectariferous seeds, called "black kummel,'' are used as a spice in the baking of bread, the pickling of cucumbers, the preparation of sauerkraut,etc. In many countries of Europe and Asia, the plant is cultivated for the fatty oil contained in the seeds. 8. N.damascena L., Sp. pl. (1753) 753; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 55; Boiss., Fl. ‘Or: ‘1, (683° Shmal'g., Fl. 1, 26; N.» Buschin Fl..cauc: ‘crit. I, 32.— N.taurica Stev. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. XXX, 2 (1856) 283.—Ic.: Sibth., Fl. Graeca tab. 509; Rchb., Ic. Fl. Germ. IV, F.4737.— Exs.: Fl. Hercegovinae No.8. Annual, glabrous; stem erect, faceted, sometimes slightly violet; leaves rigid, bi- or tripinnately dissected into narrow linear-setose lobules with 55 el revolute margins, sometimes with short bristles, with a sharply prominent keel beneath; upper leaves close to flower, forming a spathe which over- grows the flower. Sepals blue, ovate-oblong, elongated into a more or less long cusp, abruptly tapering below into a short more or less broad stalk, several times as long as the petal-nectaries, the latter with upper lip obtuse-ovate, half as long as the lower lip, which is dissected to the middle into lanceolate lobes with a central tubercle covered with long hairs; stamens obtuse; follicles 5,inflated, 1—1.5cm long, connate almost to apex, as long as or several times longer than the beak; seeds triquetrous, transverse-rugose. May—August. (Plate VI, Figure 7). Steppe slopes, gardens, and weed-infested places.— European part: M. Dnp., Crim.; Caucasus: Cisc. (W.), E. Transc. Gen. distr.: Med., Bal.-As. Min. Described from S. France (Narbonne). Type in London. Note. Nectariferous plants. The seeds, which are used medicinally, contain the alkaloid damascenine and also an essential oil. 9. N. glandulifera Freyn et Sint. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. Ser.II, No.7 (1903) 559. Annual, green, scabrous at base, densely glandular from the middle; stem 20—40 cm high, little branched, erect, ribbed; leaves pinnately dissected into lance-linear lobules. Sepals 8-9mm long, pale blue, oblong-triangular or obovate-triangular, acuminate, tapering below into a short stalk; petal- nectaries very small, pubescent, the upper lip lanceolate and shorter than the lower lip, the latter parted into 2 small blue obovate lobules with terminal thickenings; anthers obtuse; follicles 5—9, inflated, dorsally rounded, slightly cariniform, connate almost to apex, with an almost flat or involute beak; seeds ovoid-triquetrous, appearing almost smooth, finely torulose when magnified. June. Gardens.— Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. Endemic. Described from Turkmenistan (Karakala). Type in Vienna. Note. Described from cultivated specimens. The specific status of this form is doubtful. Section 4. KOMAROFFIA (O. Ktze.) Brand in Helios (1895) 13 Jahrb., No.1,12. Komaroffia O. Ktze. in A.H.P. X (1887) 144, gen.— Sepals blue, very slightly longer than nectaries. Follicles 3—5, inflated, with a short beak. 10. N.integrifolia Rgl. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XLIII (1870) 246. — N.diversifolia Franch., Miss. Capus. Plant. Turk. (1883) 9.— Komaroffia diversifolia O. Ktze. in A.H.P. X (1887) 144.—le.: Branchet, lic: Annual, with a more or less strong, pubescence of short crips hairs, everywhere except the caducous glabrate radical leaves; stem 5—25cm high, erect, simple or sometimes more or less profusely branched from the base; lower leaves entire, linear-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 2—3 cm long; cauline leaves sessile, palmately cleft into narrow-linear or linear lobules; uppermost leaves an involucre 1.5—2 times as long as the flower. Sepals 5, straight, erect, oblong or ovate-oblong, obtuse, blue, 5-8 mm long, 56 72 short-pubescent on the outside; petal-nectaries slightly shorter than sepals, the lower lip ligulate, flat, to 5mm long, more or less strongly pubescent on the outside, bifid above into short, slightly divergent lobes; follicles 3, connate almost to apex, inflated, short-pubescent, 5-6 mm long, passing into a short conical apically hamate beak; seeds triangularly flattened, verruculose-rugulose, mature seeds black-brown. May. (Plate VI, Figure 14, and the flower in Figure 1). (Wormwood) arid steppes and shrub thickets, slopes, often stony slopes, weed-infested places, and cultivated fields.— Centr. Asia: Balkh. (5): T. Sh., Pam.-Al. (lower zone), Amu D., Syr D., Kara K., Mtn. Turkm. Gen. distr.: Iran. (E.). Described from Tadzhikistan (Mogol-tau). Type in Leningrad. 11. N.bucharica N. Schipcz. in Not. Syst. Herb. Horti Petrop. V, No. 10 (1924) 174. Annual, more or less densely covered with short crisp hairs; stem simple or branched from the middle; lower cauline leaves entire, linear- lanceolate, more or less long-attenuate toward base, usually glabrate, 2.5—4mm long; middle and upper cauline leaves palmately dissected into narrow-linear lobules, uppermost cauline leaves forming a kind of involucre slightly overtopping the flower. Sepals 5, pale lilac-azure, persistent, short-pubescent on the outside, oblong, erect, 12—14mm long, to 8mm broad; petal-nectaries shorter than sepals, the lower lip flat, ligulate, to 9mm long, often apically cleft for one-third of its length into 2 lobes, with long spreading hairs on the outside and 2 longitudinal veins, colored blue above; stamens obtuse; follicles 3—5, inflated, 6-8mm long, connate almost to apex, pubescent, prolonged into a narrowly conical apically hamate beak about as long as the follicle; seeds faceted, verrucose-rugose, whitish. May—June. (Plate VI, Figure 13). Steppe slopes.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. Endemic. Described from Tadzhikistan (Gissar). Type in Leningrad. Genus 515. LEPTOPYRUM* RCHB.** Rchb. Consp. (1828) 192. Flowers small, sepals petaloid, usually 5; petal-nectaries proximally infundibular, one-fourth to one-third as long as sepals, bilabiate, the lower lip short, emarginate, the upper considerably longer, entire; stamens mostly 10; fruit of 10 or more (to 20) narrow-lanceolate follicles, tapering into an almost straight beak; fruitlets numerous; seeds small, densely covered with tubercles. Annuals (apparently not invariably); cauline leaves alternate, glabrous, ternately or pinnately parted. 1. L.fumarioides (L.) Rchb., Consp. (1828) 192; Kom., Fl. Manchzh. Il, 234; Drum. et Hutch. in Bull. of Miscell. Information Kew (1920) 159; Krylaetl Zap.sSibaViokl2s.—Ilsepynam fumarioides, L.,;5p.,pl. * From the Greek leptos, slender,and pyron, a fruit-stone or fruit. ** Treatment by N.V.Shipchinskii. 57 73 (1753) 557; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 53; Turez., Fl. baic.-dahur. I, 66; Maxim. Primit.e Pl. Amur. 239 )— Te siPall ere Ross.’ tab. LOK fol Rich see | Germ. IV (1839) tab. CXIII; Drum. et Hutch., l.c., p.159, £.3; Kom. et Alis., Key pl. Far East: Reg? 1, tab. 160.— Exs.: HFR No. 1204. Annual, glabrous, glaucous-green, usually strongly fruticose from the roots; stems 4—30cm high, erect or arcuately ascending, simple or little branched, usually with a basal rosette of long-petioled leaves; cauline leaves alternate or rarely subopposite, short-petioled, the petioles broadening at base into a membranous sheath, with 2 auricles above; upper cauline leaves often subopposite or in whorls; leaf blades biternate; primary lobes long-petioled, secondary short-petioled or sessile, oblong, entire or 2—3-fid, more rarely lobulate; 1-flowered pedicels borne in small groups on nodes. Flowers 1 cm in diameter, yellowish white; sepals ovate acute, pale yellow; petal-nectaries one-fourth to one-third as long as sepals, unguiculate, proximally infundibular, bilabiate, their laminae ovate, the lower lip short, emarginate; claw half as long as lamina; follicles 5—20, straight, linear-oblong or linear-lanceolate with a straight beak, slightly curved at base, and lignified at maturity; seeds grayish brown or olive-grayish brown, densely tuberculate, ovoid. May—July. Open slopes, steppes, pastures, weed-infested places, dry meadows, truck gardens, plowed fields, wasteland, solonetzes, streets and roads, but everywhere as a weed.— W. Siberia: ‘Ob, U: Tob., Irt:) Alt®> “Ev ssiberia: Yenis., Lena-Kol., Ang.-Say., Dau.; Far East: Ze.-Bu. Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash. (N.), Mong., Jap.-Ch., Tib. Recently naturalized in W. Europe (France, Belgium) and, apparently,in N. America. Described from Siberia. Type in London. Genus 516. ENEMION* RAFIN.** Rafin. in Journ. Phys. XCI (1820) 70; Drum. et Hutch. in Bull. of Miscell. Information Kew (1920) 159. Nectaries absent, perianth simple, petaloid; filaments dilated toward apex; fruit usually of more than 2 carpels; flowers solitary or disposed in an umbelliform inflorescence. Perennial herbaceous plants with alternate leaves. Section 1. UMBELLATA Drum. et Hutch., 1.c., (1920).— Inflorescence umbelliform. 1, E.raddeanum Rgl.,in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXIV, II (1861) 61; Drum. et Hutch. in Bull. of Miscell. Information Kew (1920) 160.— Isopyrum Raddeanum Maxim. in Mel. Biol. XI (1883) 639; Kom., Bl. Manchzh. MW, (239. > less Rel, lc atab | GG@se Dicume et Hutch: salecer fig.4.B. Perennial; rootstock abbreviated, each year producing 1—3 herbaceous annual stems 20—50cm high; radical leaves absent or else 1 or 2, shorter than the stem, long-petioled; leaf blades ternate or biternate; the primary * Name given by Rafinesque-Schmaltz; meaning unclear. ** Treatment by N.V.Shipchinskii. 58 tte Po 74 lobes long-petioled, the secondary sessile, incised; middle lobe rhombic, lateral lobes oblique; cauline leaf 1 or none, similar to radical leaves but with shorter petiole or sessile; remaining leaves terminal, opposite, sessile, with proximal auricles, blades similar to those of radical leaves; 1-flowered pedicels arising in groups of 1—8 from axils of upper leaves, equal or subequal, 1—3.5 cm, forming an umbelliform inflorescence. Flowers not more than 1.5cm in diameter; sepals usually 5, petaloid, oblong with prominent veins, white or whitish; petal-nectaries absent; stamens in indefinite number, filaments dilated toward apex; fruit of 2—5 slightly curved lanceolate follicles with a straight or slightly curved beak one-fifth to one-fourth as long as the ovary proper, usually 2-seeded; seeds oval, dark grayish-brown, densely transverse-rugose. April—May. (Plate V, Figure la). Virgin or almost unspoiled coniferous and mixed forests and loose humous soil.— Far East: Ze.-Bu., Uss. Gen. distr.: Jap.-Ch. Described from the upper reaches of the Lifudzin River. Type in Leningrad. Genus 517. ISOPYRUM* L.** L,, Sp. pl. (1753) 557; Gen. pl. ed. V (1754) 242. Calyx of 5—6 deciduous white, [rarely reddish] petaloid sepals; petal- nectaries absent. Follicles 2—5; flowers solitary. Perennial herbaceous plants. 1. I.thalictroides L., Sp. pl. (1753) 557; Ldb., Flu Ross. I, 53; Shmal'g., Fl. I, 26; Drum. et Hutch. in Bull. of Miscell. Information (1920) 161.—Ic.: Drum. et Hutch., f.5 A.— Exs.: HFR No.1301. Perennial; rootstock horizontal or oblique or subvertical, ramified with numerous, slender cordlike roots, stems 1 or several from tips of root- stock branches, stems and whole of plant completely glabrous, erect, terminally branched, 20—30cm high, rarely somewhat higher, with 1—3 broad, scarious obtuse sheaths at base; leaves with basal membranous stipules, lower leaves petiolate, biternate, upper cauline leaves sessile, ternate or tripartite; leaflets obovate, usually trilobate. Flowers borne singly on long straight pedicels arising at a right or obtuse angle from axils of upper leaves; sepals oval or ovate, obtuse, 8-12mm long, white or rarely reddish, petaloid; petal-nectaries present; stamens numerous; fruit of 2 or 3 follicles, these secund-lanceolate, flat, terminating in a shortish slender slightly curved beak. April. Shady forests and forest clearings. — European part: U. Dnp., M. Dnp., Bl. Ubiquitous along the western frontier of the USSR, not beyond the Dnieper. Gen. distr.: Centr. and Atl. Eur., Med., Bal.-As. Minor. Described from mountain forests of Italy. Type in London. * From the Greek isos, equal,and pyron, a fruit-stone or fruit; name given by Pliny to one of the species of Thalictrum. ** Treatment by N.V.Shipchinskii. 59 79 76 Genus 518. SEMIAQUILEGIA * MAKINO** Makino in Jap. Bot. Mag. XVI (1902) 119. Calyx of 5 deciduous white petaloid sepals; petal-nectaries 5—8, alternating with sepals, small, concave, usually with small saccate concavities, infundibular toward base, broadening toward apex. Follicles eae 1, S.manshurica Kom. in Notulae Syst. ex Herb. Horti Bot. Petrop. VI No.1 (1926) 5.—Isopyrum manshuricum Kom., I.c.—Ic.: l.c. Game bhe Perennial; rootstock oblique, short or long, slender, the numerous tubers elongated at both ends, but more so at the lower end, small, attenuate, black or black-brown, mostly verticillate; numerous roots also present; stem 6—25 cm high, glabrous, rarely slightly pubescent, with 3—5 membranous whitish obtuse scales at base; radical leaf 1, long-petioled, ternate, cauline leaves short-petioled or sessile, tri- or bisected, with 2 basal scarious white stipules; leaf lobes petiolate, flabellate, deeply cleft or dentate, glabrous or bearing (mainly beneath) scattered ciliate hairs; secondary lobes basally attenuate, tridentate at apex with teeth more or less rounded. Pedicels 2—3cm long arising singly from axils of upper leaves bear 1 or 2, rarely more flowers. Sepals 5, white, obovate or elongate-obovate, 7-8mm long and 3.5—4mm broad; petal-nectaries to 8, one-third as long as sepals, broadly rounded, tapering to infundibular base; stamens numerous; fruit of 2 follicles recurved at a right angle to the pedicels, lanceolate, naked or sparingly ciliate at the valves; beak half as long as follicle, subulate, straight or incurved; seeds smooth, grayish brown. May, fruit ripens in June. Broadleaf and mixed forests with abundant humus and loose soil. — Far East: Uss. Gen. distr.: Jap.-Ch. Described from the mountains east of Harbin in Manchuria. Type in Leningrad. Genus 519. PARAQUILEGIA + DRUM. et HUTCH. tt Drum, et Hutch. in Bull. of Miscell. Information Kew. (1920) 156. Sepals 5,petaloid. Petal-nectaries sessile or subsessile, more or less orbicular or rounded-elongate or else tubular toward base, concave at base, often with an apical notch. Fruit of 3—7 erect or declinate follicles. Seeds carinate or narrow-winged, often with a pectinate margin, lustrous, glabrous or with a papilliform down. Perennial plants, more or less densely cespitose. Leaves alternate, 2 or 3 times tripartite, petiolate, glabrous or pubescent. * From the Latin semi, half,and aquil egia, columbine. ** Treatment by N.V.Shipchinskii. } From the Greek para, beside, and the Latin aquile gia, columbine. tt Treatment by N.V.Shipchinskii. 60 77 1. Ripe follicles approximate, erect; stems abbreviated. More or less densely cespitose; nectaries concave, but not tubular toward base... 2. + Ripe follicles recurved, sometimes almost horizontal; stems elongated. Loosely cespitose plants with elongated rootstocks; Peer ollar ra nimeme gilt a ag. Gl oO. welinla 19%. feirase'),.. . fat fish! ASEBIC balrssaa lo. 4. P.anemonoides (Kar. et Kir.) N.Schipcz. 2. Glabrous plants, or else with very sparse scarcely discernible soft femurs foRasi ted 40 petioles or leaflets! i heh 72 TN One R SOR ee 3S. + Piants covered with a dense, very*short down ©) .).o01. a 2 elt oee Dulas th. tnieadia oO. 24 3. P.caespitosa (Boiss. et Hoh.) Drum. et Hutch. 3. Seeds glabrous; leaf lobes deeply cleft into narrow lobules ...... Peet. soo. feat: sett . 2. P.microphylla (Royle) Drum. et Hutch. + pecds downy: leat lobesibroad-lobuled .savalecukl welt out. hadeinas Section 1. CAESPITOSAE N. Schipcz.— Stems abbreviated. Plants more or less densely cespitose; nectaries elongate-rounded, concave, not tubular at base. 1. P. grandiflora (Fisch.) Drum. et Hutch. in Bull. of Miscell. Information Kew. (1920) 156.—Isopyrum grandiflorum Fisch. ex DC., Prodr. 1(1824) 48; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V, 1127.—I. uniflorum Aitch. et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. XIX (1875) 149.— Aquilegia anemonoides Willd. in Mag. Ges. Naturf. V (1816) 401.—Ic.: Willd., ie. tab: 9,426. Perennial; rootstock thick, multicipital; stems abbreviated, more or less densely cespitose; lower part of stem densely covered with remains of petioles; leaves petiolate, petioles broadened at base; leaf blades with 9 tripartite leaflets, borne on short or more or less long petioles; their lobes 3-lobuled, glabrous, green or slightly blue, thickish. Scapes as long as or longer than the leaves, 1-, rarely 2-flowered, with 2 opposite or slightly distant bracts narrowly lanceolate-subulate and at some distance from the flower; base of bracts very abruptly broadened into almost scarious axils; flowers large, to 3—4cm in diameter, pale lilac or almost white; sepals usually 5, petaloid, broadly elliptic, 2.5—3.6 times as long as the petal- nectaries, the latter obovate, with an apical notch or almost bilobate, yellowish, attenuate and impressed toward base, forming a saccate concavity; stamens numerous, Slightly longer than petals; carpels 3-7, styles straight, shorter than ovaries; fruit a lanceolate follicle, slightly membranous with prominent veins and a straight beak, one-third of its entire length; seeds oblong, olive-grayish brown, often marginate, with dense very short down. June. Rock fissures, rocky scarps, stony slopes, and rock streams — all in the alpine zone.— W. Siberia: Alt.; Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb., Pam.-Al., T. Sh. Gen. distr.: Iran., Ind.-Him., Dzu.-Kash., Mong. (W.), Tib. Described from Altai. Type in Leningrad. 2. P.microphylla (Royle) Drum. et Hutch. in Bull. of Miscell. Information Kew (1920) 157.—Isopyrum microphyllum Royle, Ilustr. bot. Himal, (1839) '54, tab. 1, 24s KeyipoPL.) ape Sibev, 1228)— 61 78 I. grandiflorum var. microphyllum Finet et Gagnepain in Bull. Soc. Bot. de France IV (1904) 409. — Ic.: Royle, [llustr. Bot. Himal. (1839) tab.1, f.4; Drum. et Hutch. in Bull. Miscell. Information Kew (1920) 157. Perennial; very similar to the preceding from which it is distinguished by usually long-petioled leaves, more deeply dissected blades, their lobes in turn deeply dissected into narrow lobules, glabrous, grayish brown, lustrous seeds with simple or pectinate margin on one side, often with a curled pectinate outgrowth at upper end. June. Rocky places in the alpine and subalpine zones.— W. Siberia: Alt.; E.. Siberia: Ang.=Say:, Dau. (Khamar-Daban); Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb., Pam Al sh. Sho“Gens distr: ind! Him... Dzu. Kash, . Mone.) diapaaeme Described from the Himalayas. Type in London. Note. In addition to the basic form with narrow leaf lobes, there is f. latifolia N. Schipcz. with very broad, almost semiorbicular lobes. Sere caespitosa (Boiss. et Hoh.) Drum. et Hutch. in Bull. of Miscell. Information Kew (1920) 158.—Isopyrum caespitosum Boiss. et Hoh. in Boiss; Diagn.) ser., Ly Vie (1849) 7; FI. Or. I, 64. Perennial; similar to the two preceding species, but plant and especially the leaves completely covered with a dense very short down clearly visible at 10 X magnification. June. Habitat, the same as that of the two preceding species. — Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al.; Ts'Sh. “Gen. distr.: Tran.,.Ind.:-Him.) Described fron! iran: Type in Geneva. Section 2. ISOPYROIDES N. Schipcz.— Stems more or less elongated. Plants loosely cespitose with slender elongated rootstocks; nectaries almost tubular toward base. 4, P.anemonoides (Kar. et Kir.) N. Schipez. in Notulae Syst. ex Herb. Horti Petrop. V, No.4 (1924).-Isopyrum anemonoides Kar. et Kir. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XV (1842) 135; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V, 1128.— I> thadne tz onidielssHookts HI Brite Indwise23.— nonvilie— be until orencmrdl Aitch. et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. XIX (1875) 149.— Paraquilegia uniflora Drum. et Hutch. in Bull. of Miscell. Information, Kew (1920) 158.—Ic.: Maxim., Fl. Tangut. (1889) tab. 8. Perennial; loosely cespitose; rootstock slender, long, distal part covered with petioles of dead leaves; scapes herbaceous, annual, to 25cm high; petioles of radical leaves to 15cm high, blades ternate, basal lobes with long and secondary with short petioles, the terminal lobes sessile, deeply trifid, cuneate in outline; upper part of flowering stem usually bears 1 or 2, rarely 3 leaves similar to the radical leaves but short-petioled; 1-flowered pedicels, to 7cm long, arising in axils of upper leaves, sometimes with 2 ovate bracts. Flowers not more than 18mm in diameter, white or yellowish white; sepals mostly 5, petaloid, oval, with conspicuous veins; petal-nectaries as many as sepals; stamens numerous with rounded-elliptic anthers; carpels 2—5, erect, with short stigmas, follicles horizontally recurved at maturity, lanceolate, with conspicuous oblong anastomosing veins; seeds oblong, almost black, lustrous, smooth. June. 62 79 Rocks, rock fissures, and rock streams in the subalpine and alpine forest zones, sometimes also gravelly soil of forests.— Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb., PamnAl.. 2 on.)Gen. distr.: Iran., Ind.-Him., Dzu.-Kash.,. Tib. Described from Semireche [Dzhety-Su] (Lepsa and Sarkan) and the Ala Tau Mountains. Type in Leningrad. Note. Two forms occur: (f. nuda N. Schipcz.) with stems and pedicels quite glabrous or with very sparse, delicate short white hairs and (f. puberula N. Schipcz.) with stems, petioles, and especially pedicels covered with a conspicuous rather dense and very delicate white down. Genus 520. COPTIS SALISB.* Salis. in Trans. Linn. Soc. VIII (1807) 305. Sepals 5 or 6, whitish, deciduous. Petal-nectaries shorter than sepals, cuculliform or flat. Fruit apocarpous. Perennial herbs with alternate or radical leaves; flowers solitary or in a racemose inflorescence. 1. C.trifolia (L.),Salisb. in Trans. Linn. Soc. VIII (1807) 305; Maxim. Prim. Fl. Amur. (1859) 23; Huth in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XVI (1893) 302; Kom. Fl. Manchzh. II, 235.—Helleborus trifolius L.,Sp. pl. (1753) 784. — Ic.: Samoku Dzusetsu ed. 2, X (1874) tab. 38. Perennial; rootstock slender, creeping, distally covered with remains of dead leaves; all leaves radical, long-petioled, ternate, petioles glabrous with short pubescence confined to the insertion point of the leaflets, the latter broad, obovate, cuneate, coriaceous with very prominent veins, margin unequally serrate-dentate; on lower surface of leaf covered with short setose hairs; scapes solitary, to 15cm long, slightly elongating in fruit, proximally glabrous, pubescent below flower, frequently with a small, oblong entire bract in upper part of scape; flowers 1, rarely 2,1—1.5cm in diameter; sepals 5, ovate, acuminate, declinate, pale yellow, lilac on the outside toward base; petal-nectaries 5, rarely more, with narrow base broadening toward apex, yellow; stamens numerous; carpels usually 5, with short stalks which greatly elongate in fruit to form an umbellike structure; stalks covered with a delicate, short white down; fruitlets membranous, sublanceolate, gradually passing into a beak; seeds oblong, grayish-brown, lustrous, with an indistinct longitudinal furrow. Coniferous mossy forests, and in the north,moss bogs.— E. Siberia: Lena-Kol.; Far East: Kamch., Okh., Uda, Uss. Gen. distr.: Arc. (Arctic America), Jap.-Ch., Ber., North America. Described from Canada. Type in London. * Treatment by N.V.Shipchinskii. 63 Genus AIL ACTAEA * Le L. Sp. pl. I (1753) 504; Gen. pl. ed. 5 (1754) 283.- Christophoriana Moench, Meth. (1794) 276. Flowers regular, in a simple or branched raceme. Calyx mostly with 4 petaloid caducous sepals. Petal-nectaries mostly 1—6 or absent, flat or slightly concave, spatulately broadened toward apex, without nectar pit. Stamens numerous, filaments often broadened distally. Carpel 1, ovary ovate or oval, 1-seeded, stigma broad, sessile. Fruit succulent, bacciform, many-seeded. Perennial herbaceous plants; leaves alternate, bi- or triternately pinnate. Pas) Fruits (black: aah Vena ee DAN cS Ts a ORY | CA a Ze rR Bruipstred: rarely ywilttiteyae i) se aisle eion mere, 3. A.erythrocarpa Fisch. 2. Peduncles slightly thickened, mostly red. Petal-nectaries rounded at apex, of even thickness, not erose; leaflets tapering into acusp.... ENS Dey ape re LLANE GN Rien eae y cer uliteencener ens 1. A.acuminata Wallich. | it; Peduncles slender, mostly green. Petal-nectaries retuse, erose, at apex very thin and almost pellucid; leaflets abruptly tapering at apex eas teh the) SOREN rol Rar Ae Ge AR RN ee ae vee, Sar) aL eae 2. A.spicata L. Note. Many authors have erroneously reported A. rubra Big. instead of A.erythrocarpa Fisch. from the USSR. A.rubra Big. is conkiimed foq| North America andis distinguished by much-thickened peduncles and mostly emarginate, quasi-bilobate petal-nectaries. 1, A.acuminata Wallich, Catal. 4726 (1824); Royle Ill., Bot. Himal. Mount. I (1839) 57; Kom., Fl. Manchzh. II (1903) 236.— A. spicata var. nigra f. acuminata Huth in Engler's Bot. Jahrb. XVI (1893) 308. — A ispteataivar. miellanoicairp a Rel. ~Wenty Mis Ussur. (861) 2, iment Ldb. Perennial; rootstock thick, multicipital; stems herbaceous, annual, to 75cm high, arising singly or several together from the rootstock, smooth, with grayish brown scales at base; leaves bi- or triternately pinnate, leaflets broad-oval to subrhombic, incised, serrate-dentate, tapering into a rather long cusp; scattered ciliate hairs mainly confined to the veins. Flowers small, white, in oval racemes expanding to cylindric in fruit; pedicels thickish, mostly red in fruit; petal-nectaries shorter than ovary, subspatulate, thickish, rounded at apex; fruits black. Fl. May,fr. August. Coniferous, mixed, and oak forests, and in shaded areas on stony humous soils. — Far East: Usss)'Gen.. distr:: ,Bals-As-s i Min:, Indj-Him.. Jap eh Tib. Described from India. Type in London. Economic importance. All parts of the plant are poisonous. 2. A. spicata 1. Sp. pl, (1753) 15045, excl. var.8.— A. spicatamla., lr Suée:vede 21755) 18): “Shmial'g., @hle i B27 tier aE, Zapee Silence AUS plea tayvarism elanoicia rip al db} bly Ress: I (1842) (lg Wore. Fl. Vost. Evrop. Ross. (1892) 122.— A. nigra Willd., Sp. pl. Il, 2 (1799) 1139.—A.Christophoriana Gouan, Fl. Monsp. (1763) 152.— A.spicata var. nigra Willd., Sp. pl. II, 2 (1799) 1139; Huth in Engler's Bot. Jahrb. XVI, 308.—Ic.: Engl., Jahrb. XVI (1893) tab. 4. * One of the Greek names for the elder. ** Treatment by N.V.Shipchinskii. 64 Perennial; rootstock thick, multicipital; stems herbaceous, annual, to 70 cm high, arising singly or several together from the rootstock, smooth or slightly pubescent distally, with grayish brown scales at base; leaves biternate; leaflets broad-oval, obtuse or short-acuminate, abruptly narrowed into petiole or even subcordate, margin incised and serrate-dentate with scattered ciliate hairs mainly confined to the veins, or else leaflets quite glabrous. Flowers small, white or whitish, in a short oval raceme expanding to cylindric in fruit; pedicels slender, remaining green or becoming dark grayish brown in fruit; petal-nectaries slightly elongated, usually as long as or very slightly longer than ovary, ovate or elliptic, tapering to a long claw, not thick, terminating in an unequal almost scarious almost erose margin; fruits black. May—June. Shady forests. — European part: Kar.-Lap., Dv.~Pech., Lad.-Ilm., U.V., V.-Kama, U. Dnp., M. Dnp., V.-Don, Transv., Bl., L. Don, lee Vis Caucasus: Cisc., Dag., W., E., and S. Transc., Tal.; W. Siberia: Ob (near Tobol'sk and Tyumen), Irt. (E.), Alt. Described from Europe. Type in London. Note. In Siberia this species appears to be a relic of Pliocene broad- leaf forests, as indicated by an insular range in Altai considerably separated from the main range of its distribution (see Krylov, Fl. Zap. Sib., 1129-1130). Economic importance. All parts of this plant are poisonous. The root acts as an emetic and laxative. Boiled with alum, the berries provide a black dye. 81 3. A.erythrocarpa Fisch. in Index Seminum Horti Bot. Petropol. I (1835) 20; Kom. Fl. Manchzh. II, 237.— A. spicata Bo rurcz,. © 1. baic.-dahur. I (1842) 84.- A. spicata var. erythrocarpa Ldb., Fl. Ross. I (1842) 71; Maxim. Prim. Fl. Amur. (1869) tab. 4. Perennial; rootstock thick, multicipital, stems herbaceous, annual, to 70 cm high, arising singly or several together from the rootstock, smooth or distally slightly pubescent, with grayish brown scales at base; leaves mostly triternate; leaflets oval or broad-lanceolate, short-acuminate, more or less attenuate at base (terminal leaflet usually cuneate), margins incised and serrate-dentate, with scattered ciliate hairs mainly confined to the veins, or else leaflets quite glabrous. Flowers small, white or whitish, in a short oval raceme expanding to cylindric in fruit; pedicels slender, remaining green or turning very slightly reddish in fruit; petal-nectaries slightly elongated, usually about as long as ovary, ovate or elliptic, rounded at apex, tapering into a basal claw; fruits red, rarely white (var. leuco- carpa (Ldb.) Gurcke). May-June. Coniferous and mixed forests, often in the margins. — European part: Kar.-Lap., Dv.-Pech., Lad.-Ilm., V.-Kama, Transv.; W. Siberia: Ob, U. Tob. (N.), Irt. (E.), Alt.; E. Siberia: Yenis., Lena-Kol., Ang.-Say., Dau.; Far East: Kamch., Okh., Ze.-Bu., Uda, Uss., Sakh. Gen. distr.: Scand., Mong., Jap.-Ch. Described from Siberia. Type in Leningrad. Note. Kamchatkan specimens are separated as a distinct variety by glabrous leaves, except for the veins which bear appressed hairs above, and by appressed ciliate hairs beneath (var. kamczatica Kom.). A.erythrocarpa penetrates far to the north, reaching the 65th parallel on the Ob River, as well as the lower reaches of the Lena River. Economic importance. All parts of this plant are poisonous. 82 65 + 83 Genus 522. CIMICIFUGA* L.** L., Amoen. acad. VIII (1785) 7; Huth in Engler's Bot. Jahrb. XVI (1898) 310. Calyx petaloid, soon deciduous, 4 or 5-sepaled; petal-nectaries usually 4—5, rarely less, or even none, with a basal nectar pit. Stamens numerous, filaments longer than other flower parts; outer stamens sometimes strongly modified; with broadened filaments terminating in 2 apical lobes bearing hollow anther lobes, or else filament broadened and terminating in an almost scarious emarginate border. Carpels 1—8,1-seeded. Fruit dry, follicles borne on more or less long stalks. Seeds bear long scarious scales of unequal length. Perennial herbaceous plants; the alternate leaves ternately pinnate or ternate or biternate. Flowers in a simple or compound bracteate raceme; racemes terminal or additional racemes arising from axils of upper leaves. Economic importance. All species of the genus Cimicifuga are poisonous. 1. Petal-nectaries bifurcate, bearing hollow anthers at the apexes; FlOMeI:SmlnUse scuialy yen Tae ee a e 2. C.dahurica (Turez.) Maxim. ste Petal-nectaries entire or with 2 apical scarious-tipped lobes; flowers PERMECt yogic waal eke Pee eens otek eee boa ape net et ae os Sele ae le err 2. 2), {Ovaries ‘quite: cla bmoulsue. 5... cup l Bes Seay eu. 1. C.heracleifolia Kom. a Ovaries pubescent) at ain) Ge Seine sl ee eee 3. 3. Entire stem (except inflorescence) and main leaf petioles glabrous. . eee EU Tae ee Meee wie meer t Ame tera ane ae 3. C. simplex Wormsk. Entire stem pubescent from base, with minute glandular hairs or else glabrous with the main leaf petioles covered with scattered squarrose ALES.) SOW es Sh SES! Repeal aol Yo ke wed se Wiech ss Biel I rN ea 4. 4. Entire stem quite glabrous from base to inflorescence; leaf petioles and veins covered, with Scattered squarrose hairs. (oo ee ee REPL gre: Se URE e Re aE REE Re cas NPR eC See Las eM nla 5. C.europaea N.Schipcz. ats Entire stem and all leaf petioles densely covered with minute glandular IOVS iy piel eel vai fese ah atv ote Mm eee ha AAC GA ard mee epee A 4. C.foetida L. 1. C.heracleifolia Kom. in A.H.P. XVIII (1901) 438; Kom., Fl. Manchzh. Manchzh. II (1903) 243. Perennial; rootstock thick, multicipital; stems herbaceous, annual, to 1m high or more, arising singly or several together from the rootstock, simple, sulcate in lower part, glabrous from base to inflorescence; lower cauline leaves with long, basally broadened petioles, biternate, with long- petioled lobes; leaf lobes broad-ovate acuminate, coriaceous, light green beneath, margins with large acuminate teeth, upper cauline leaves 1—3, smaller, ternately parted, glabrous. Inflorescence racemose, simple, but mostly with 2—8 short ramifications, these and pedicels covered with short gray hairs; bracts linear acuminate; flowers perfect, sepals 4—5, petaloid, caducous; petal-nectaries white, entire, spatulate above, terminating in an almost scarious entire or bilobate appendage; stamens numerous; carpels several, glabrous, stalked. August. Dry argillaceous, argillaceous-stony slopes, completely open places, or among sparse thickets of Corylus and Lespedeza.— Far Hast: Uss. * From the Latin cimex, a bug,and fuga, escape. ** Treatment by N.V.Shipchinskii. 66 84 (along the Suifun River). Gen. distr.: Jap.-Ch. Described from Korea (Kapsan). Type in Leningrad. 2. C.dahurica ‘Turcz.) Maxim., Prim. Fl. Amur. (1859) 28; Huth in Engler Bot. Jahrb. XVI (1893) 316.— Actinospora dahurica Turcz., Index seminum Horti Bot. Petrop. I (1835) 21; Fl. baic.-dahur. I (1842) 85.— Actaea dahurica Turcz., pl. exs. (1831).— Actaea ptero- sperma Turcz., pl. exsicc.— Ic.: Kom. and Alis., Opred. rast. Dal'nevost. I (1931) 531, figs.2 and 4. Perennial; rootstock thick, multicipital; stems herbaceous, annual, to 1m or more high, arising singly or several together from the rootstock, simple, round, slightly sulcate, glabrous from base to inflorescence; lower cauline leaves borne on long, basally broadened petioles, bi- or triternate, lobes petiolate or sessile; leaf lobes ovate acuminate, pinnatifid, or in the lower part even pinnatipartite, deeply serrate-margined; upper cauline leaves smaller and borne on shorter petioles; inflorescence a simple or compound raceme; axis of inflorescence, its ramifications, and pedicels covered with short gray hairs and a dense short glandular down; bracts linear acuminate; flowers unisexual; sepals petaloid, soon deciduous; petal-nectaries bifurcate, bearing hollow anthers at the apexes; stamens numerous, carpels several, with a gray pubescence, sessile or borne on short stalks. July—August. Forest margins, shrub thickets, forests, and very dry places in valley meadows.— E. Siberia: Dau.; Far East: Ze.-Bu., Uss. Gen. distr.: Mong., Jap.-Ch. Described from Dauria, Type in Leningrad. 3. C.simplex Wormsk. in DC., Prodr. I (1824) 64; Turez., Fl. baic.- date i 644’ Maxini § Prim? P1.\‘Amur’., “295°. Kom.j" 81. Manchzh.',; 241.—C.foetida var. simplex Huth in Engler Bot. Jahrb. XVI (1893) soos tachaecad mMmacropoda rurce., pl.-exsree; Téal.— A: podocarpa Schlecht. in Linn. VI (1831) 583.—C.ussuriensis Oettingen in Acta H.B. Jurievensis, VI (1905) 138.—Ic.: Oettingen, 1l.c.,tab.1. Perennial; rootstock thick, multicipital; stems herbaceous, annual, to 1m high or somewhat higher, arising singly or several together from the rootstock, simple, round, slightly sulcate at base, glabrous from base to inflorescence; lower cauline leaves with long basally broadened petioles, biternate, lobes petiolate or subsessile ovate acuminate, pinnatifid or in lower part pinnatipartite, margins deeply serrate-dentate; upper cauline leaves few, smaller than the lower, mostly sessile. Inflorescence mostly a simple long terminal raceme, rarely ramified, axis and pedicels densely covered with short gray simple or glandular hairs; bracts broad, cuneate obovate, acuminate or rounded at apex; flowers perfect, sepals petaloid, soon deciduous; petal-nectaries oval, almost scarious at apex, entire or slightly emarginate; stamens numerous, carpels several, with gray pubescence, on short stalks, considerably elongated in fruit and abruptly curved at their base. July—September. Damp shrub thickets, valleys and valley meadows, mounds in grassy bogs, forest margins, forest bogs, and grass plots.— E. Siberia: Dau.; Far East: Kamch., Okh., Ze.-Bu., Uda, Uss., Sakh. Gen. distr.: Mong., Jap.-Ch. Described from Kamchatka. Type lost. 67 85 86 4. C.foetida L., Syst. Nat. ed. XII (1767) 659 (non auct. fl. Europeae); Turez., Fl. baic.-dahur. 1(1842) 86; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V, 1131. Perennial; rootstock thick, multicipital; stems herbaceous, annual, to 1m,sometimes to 2m high, arising singly or several together from the rootstock, simple or branched in upper part, round or angularly sulcate from base, densely covered with minute glandular hairs as are the petioles; lower cauline leaves with long basally broadened petioles, biternate, lobes long, imparipinnate, sessile; ovate acuminate, pinnatifid in their lower part mostly pinnatipartite, deeply serrate-margined; upper cauline leaves with shorter petioles or sessile. Inflorescence a simple, more often a branched raceme; all stems, branches, and pedicels covered with both minute glandular hairs and simple gray hairs, the latter most dense on pedicels; bracts subulate, as long as flowers; flowers perfect, sepals petaloid, soon deciduous; petal-nectaries entire, almost scarious at apex; stamens numerous, carpels 1—5, pubescent, sessile or on short stalks. July—August. Forests, forest clearings and margins, meadows, and slopes. — W. Siberia: Ob (east of Omsk), Irt. (E.), Alt.; E.Siberia: Yenis., Lena-Kol. (to Yakutsk), Ang.-Say., Dau. Gen. distr.: Mong. Described from Siberia. Type in London. 5. C.europaea N.Schipcez., sp. nova in Addenda VI, p.720.—C.foetida l., ex parte etiauct..fl. EHuropae.et fl... Rossicae europeac.>, Exsms Euan No.1552 (sub C. foetida L.). Perennial; rootstock thick, multicipital; stems herbaceous, annual, to 1m or somewhat higher, rarely to 2m high, arising singly or several together from the rootstock, simple or branched in upper part, round, slightly sulcate, glabrous from very base to inflorescence; lower cauline leaves with long basally broadened petioles, biternate with imparipinnate, sessile or short-petioled, ovate acuminate lobes, pinnatifid or in their lower part pinnatipartite, deeply serrate-margined; upper cauline leaves with very short petioles or subsessile; petioles and veins of leaves covered with scattered erect hairs beneath, glandular puhescence confined to inflorescence; inflorescence a simple, more often a branched raceme; all branches and pedicels covered with short gray hairs; bracts lanceolate- cuneate acute, shorter than the pedicels; flowers perfect, sepals petaloid, soon deciduous; petal-nectaries entire, more or less scarious at apex; stamens numerous; carpels up to 5, pubescent, sessile or on short stalks. July—September. Broadleaf forest margins and surrounding meadows. -— European part: M. Dnp., Bl. (NW). East of the Dnieper reported only for Poltava. Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur., Bal.-As. Min. (N.). Described from the vicinity of Boyarka station near Kiev. Type in Leningrad. Note. Until now, the last two species,C.foetida and C.europaea, have not been separated although they are clearly differentiated morpho- logically andevenmore so geographically. There isnodoubt that the European and Siberian races were only separated with the onset of glaciation. Thus, C.foetida,inits former definition, is absent from the entire area between the Dnieper and the Ob. Such a wide discontinuity in this particular area can be explained only by the action of the glaciers which destroyed all forest vegetation and associated life over a long period. 5667 68 87 Genus 523. AQUILEGIA* L.** L.,, Gen. pl. ed. 5 (1754) 237. Calyx 5-sepaled, colored, often greenish-tipped; corolla 5-petaled; petals obliquely infundibular, produced into hollow, recurved or straight spurs directed downward between the sepals; stamens numerous, the inner- most without anthers, with scarious, plicate-margined filaments; carpels 3—15, with long styles persistent in fruit; follicles many-seeded with oblique, transverse striation. Perennials with biternate or ternate leaves, mostly with short rootstocks and more or less stout roots. . 2. + Spurs short, saccate; sepals 2 or more times as long as spurs ... 2. SSE ea See. Pa MEE 6 ee hie tle) ea eh ea tet ‘ole Spurs straight or declinate. Flowers to 3cm in diameter....... ML. as Meas ss es ss Ae CP EMEME cw oe 1. A. parviflora Ldb. Spurs hamately recurved distally. Flowers 6—10.5cm in diameter. Sa MRE se ey chen. aes heed Ome eee 10. A.glandulosa Fisch. ppges long, Slender, ca. 2mm ge disamerer Bt ES Ae ee 4, Spurs of medium length, thick, more or less hamately recurved ee R NEN rer ich, «+75 A Ls Wo OEE fe wie os ws ae 8) Rem a 8. Cappels OF Stamens consigeraplyvexserredit . oP. Se ee ke ot ee 5. Carpels or stamens not exserted or slightly exserted ......... he Spurs straight, twice or almost twice as long as sepals. Central and ee Ae ites 5 oo iis aks sw gp see AR Ay (NEY ie ee 8s. i 6. Spurs hamate-tipped or almost spirally involute. Glandular- glutinous, densely pubescent plants (Caucasus) .............. eo). Re OS a Oe eee 14, A.colchica Kem.-Natadze. Flowers greenish yellow or dingy blue or brownish red; styles mostly strongly exserted; limb of petals broader than sepals : SE ie ee ia ie cs gM Mal ine gibi ge isueer so: + 4. A.viridiflora Pall. Flowers milk white or lilac, rarely pink, limb of petal white or yellow; stamens exserted; limbs of petals narrower than or as broad as pomeie tema Asia) 4... a) 0 fee et 5. A.lactiflora Kar. et Kir. Spurs straight or arcuately declinate; pistils slightly exserted; limb whitish or bluish with yellow margin; pedicels glabrous, rarely sparsely hairy (Dauria) ......2°.. 2. A.leptoceras Fisch. et Mey. Spurs obliquely curved distally; carpels and stamens not exserted; limb whitish; pedicels pubescent (Altai,Sayans) .......%..... YD BES pee.” Pampa tt oR? Ee ae) a 3. A.borodinii Schischk. More or less pubescent plants; pedicels glandular. Carpels 5—8 2. Glabrous plants or with sparse, scattered hairs (in A.amurensis the leaflets more or less pilose beneath). Carpels generally 5; Ve Lo ens See SAT ere WTC tcc) Sess 5). est ss ae es 5 ee 12. ein Oto weteSuneddal tO. ies FEMSE ess. a ees cae es cs ee ms 10. Width of flower greater than its length; flowers dark red or violet. Carpels 5 (Central Asia) 7. A.karelini (Baker) O. et B. Fedtsch. eer Sc eet Mia, TOO cu cs gis © Mp tak neo phe «ee Se ye Flowers 5—8(10) in diameter, blue with white limb. Carpels 5-8 Sees rat tect inary N ciet ow acre 5 CCS ace gee es 8. A.olympica Boiss. * The Russian name “vodosbor" is an exact translation of the Latin aqua, water, and lego,! collect. ** Treatment by A.A.Bulavkina. 69 11. Sepals oval; spurs,measured from point of attachment, slightly shorter than sepals. Flowers blue, violet, pink, red, or white GBurepeanipart)) jos. mere Gos a ag ie Lee 9. A.vulgaris L. te Sepals broad-lanceolate, acute; spurs, measured from point of attachment, about as long as sepals. Flowers wine red or violet or rarely white,limb yellowish (Par Mast)... : . . <4 .0 6 ol. ee obits Absent Ties Rett hdc te eM SU Oe el gs 6. A.oxysepala Fisch. et Mey. 12. Glabrous plants. Flowers 5—6cm in diameter; spurs as long as the limb, mostly slightly recurved distally, rarely annularly volutes... iN sthcker der cs 58 yeleisk hci e egppeaiaen alas Rotkcet hpai ome Neca pe i at aE 11. A.sibirica Lam. ar Plants mostly with sparse hairs on pedicels, rarely also on leaves; Spulrsystronely weeCuuyed. ii sagt ccie uence. 1 epee Ik sees ee 3, 13. Flowers 2.5—5.5cm in diameter, mostly with subacute sepals; spurs slightly shorter than sepals; leaves thin, small, pilose beneath, rarely glabrous. Follicles mostly small, without style 1.5—3cm long shalt Na das, se by Sci tela ca ee ee he se US, Ge hucecah coat 12. A.amurensis Kom. it Flowers 4.5—5.5 in diameter with obtuse sepals; leaves flabellate, firm, intensely blue, most often glabrous. Follicles 3.5—4.5cm long (Galeiatsiini)) cept aed ero opens os mr 13. A.flabellata Sieb. et Zuc. Note. Numbers in the text refer to flowers separated into their component parts. Series 1. Parviflorae Bul.— Flowers 2—3cm in diameter (very exceptionally 4—4.3cm). Sepals prostrate. Spurs thick, straight or slightly declinate, about as long as the oval mitriform subacute limb of petal. Stamens and pistils considerably exserted. Carpels 5. 1. A.parviflora Ldb. in Mém. Acad. Sc. Petersb. V (1815) 544; Ldb., Ils Inoses I Bye Wieck. INL loein@ysclelns Ni, ileal eli err oid es Schlecht. in Linnaea VI (1831) 581.—Ic.: Ldb., Ic. Pl. Fl. Ross. tab.107. Perennial; stem 10—45cm high, with glabrous or rarely pubescent pedicels, leafless or with 1—3 small ternate leaves, the latter with linear- lanceolate or linear lobes; radical leaves numerous, biternate, as long as or slightly longer than half the height of stem, coriaceous with recurved margins, very exceptionally thin, lustrous above, glaucescent beneath, glabrous with sparse hairs or white-tomentose; middle leaflet petiolate, oval-cuneate, 1.5—3cm long, 1—3.5cm broad, lateral leaflets sessile. Flowers up to 16 or more, lateral or strongly declinate; sepals blue or violet, rarely white, ca. 1.7(2.0)cm long and 1.2(1.5)cm broad; petals ca. 0.7(1.2)cm long, half as long as sepals; limb of petal white, spur blue (or white), ca. 0.2cm long; young carpels glandular-pubescent; ripe follicles strongly diverging at apex, with sparse glands or strongly glandular- pubescent, ovary 1.3—2cm long; styles 0.5cm long. (May) June (July). (Plate VII, Figure 2). Open slopes, oak forests, and forest margins; singly or in groups. — E.Siberia: Lena-Kol., Ang.-Say. (E.), Dau.; Far East: Okh. (S.), Ze.=Bu., Uda, Uss., Sakh. Gen. distr.: Manchuria, N.Mong. Described from the Lena River. Type in Leningrad. 70 PLATE VII. 1—Aquilegia oxysepala Fisch. et Mey; 2—A.parviflora Ldb; 3—A.sibirica Lam.; 4—A.flabellata S.et Z.; 5—A.glandulosa Fisch.; 6 —A.lactiflora Kar. et Kir.; 71—A.olumpica Boiss; 8—A.viridiflora Pall; 9-A.leptoceras Fisch. et Mey.; 10—A. vulgaris L.; 11 —A.Karelini (Baker) O. et B.Fedtsch.; 12 — A.Borodinii Schischk.; 13 — A.amurensis Kom. 71 ope Series 2. Leptocerates Bul. — Low-growing glabrous or glabrate plants with slender straight or arcuately declinate spurs. Flowers ca. 5cm in diameter. Spurs 1.5—2 times as long as truncate limb of petal. Styles slightly exserted. Carpels 5. 2. A.leptoceras Fisch. et Mey.,Ind. sem. Horti Petropol. IV (1837) 333) Lidb.. Fl. Ross: lf) of; iioeez ae orl bare dah E68 355 Ag bieaie hip ceras Fisch. et Mey ex Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XI (1838) 86, nom. nud; Maund; Bot: Gard. Nos 7o5. — Ic:EBot. Reg: SOOxihy tases Perennial; stem 20—30cm high, either glabrous or stem and petioles of radical leaves slightly pubescent, the petioles glandular; leaves thin, green, glabrous, glaucous beneath; leaflets of radical leaves orbicular- cuneate, lobate, 1.5—2 cm long, slightly longer than broad; cauline leaves 1 or several, ternate, with narrow lobes; pedicels glabrous or glandular. Flowers lilac-blue, limb of petal bluish or whitish yellow-margined; sepals elliptic or oblong, more or less spreading, 1.8—2.5cm long, ca. 1.2cm broad; petals 2.5-3cm long, ca. 0.7em in their broadest part; limb 1—1.2em long; stamens slightly longer than corolla, styles even longer; follicles 2 cm long, glabrate or sparsely glandular, diverging toward apex; seeds slightly lustrous, black. July. (Plate VII, Figure 9). Mountain forests. — E.Siberia: Dau (E.). Described from Transbaikalia. Type in Leningrad; cotype in London. 3. A. borodinii Schischk. in Melang. bot. offerts a Mr. J. Borodin a l'occasion de son jubilé (1927) 305.— A. sibirica Schischk. Skizzen d. Urjanchai Land (1914) 182, non Lam.-—Ic.: In Melang. bot. (1927) 305. Perennial; stem 20—40cm high, lower part of stem and entire petioles covered with very sparse short spreading hairs; leaves glaucescent beneath, biternate, radical leaves with petioles 7-15 cm long, the petioles of cauline leaves 1—5cm long; leaflets orbicular-obovate, ca. 1.5cm long, 1.5—2.5cm broad; middle leaflet usually trilobate, lateral leaflets bilobate, entire or dentate. Flowers nutant on arcuately recurved pedicels distally covered with dense short glandular hairs; sepals lilac-blue, ovate acute, 1.5—2.2cm long, 0.6—1cm broad; petals whitish, 2.5cm long, 0.5cm broad, limb half as long as the sepals, apex obliquely rounded or truncate; spur 1.5 times as long long as the limb, straight, the tip obliquely curved; carpels 5, with long styles; when immature covered with short accumbent hairs. June—August. (Plate VII, Figure 12). Stony taluses and rocks; inthe alpine zone at 1,600—2,500m.-— W. Siberia: Alt.; E.Siberia: Ang.-Say. Endemic. Described from the Sayan Mountains (Mirskoi and Bol'she-Oiskii ranges). Type in Tomsk; cotype in Leningrad. Note. Flowers most closely resembling A.leptoceras Fisch. et Mey. from which it is distinguished by its smallness, its pubescent pedicels and follicles, and its graceful slender spurs. Series 3. Orthocerates Bul.— Glabrous or glandular-pubescent plants. Flowers 2.5—5cm in diameter, inverted or else lateral flowers with long slender upward-pointing spurs and strongly exserted stamens or styles. Follicles 3—5, small, with curved styles. 72 92 93 4, A.viridiflora Pall. in Nova Acta Acad. Petr. II (1779) 260, tab.11, f, 1? Edbevhis Rose 15°57 Turcz.; FM baie.-dah. 1,“7%0.'— Aw atro= purpurea Willd.,Enum. Hort. Berol. (1806) 577.— A. dahurica Patr. in Délésss, ‘Ie .!'Sel)1"(1820)*tab.49.—\Ie.: Pall.,1.c: Perennial; stem 25—40cm high, branched in upper part, glabrous or glandular-pubescent, generally entire plant glabrous; leaves long-petioled, leaflets glaucous cuneate, trilobate, dentate, 1.5—2cm long, 1.2—3cm broad. Flowers greenish yellow or brownish red or dingy blue, resembling an inverted funnel, 2.5cm in diameter, with upward-pointing straight or slightly crooked spurs; sepals ovate or oval-lanceolate, 1.5—2cm long, 0.7—1 cm broad; petals 3cm long, with spur (1.5—1.7cm long) equal or subequal to limb; limb broad, truncate; carpels (3)—5; styles longer than or as long as ovary; follicles generally glabrous, 1.5cm long; young seeds lustrous, green. May—August. (Plate VII, Figure 8). Rocks.— E.Siberia: Dau.; Far East: Ze.-Bu. Gen. distr.: Mong., China, Japan. Described from Dauria. Type in Leningrad; cotype in London. Note. On the basis of flower color, shape of sepals (subacute in the- former, obtuse in the latter), and length of spurs (shorter in the latter). Ledebour and Turchaninov recognized two independent species: A. viri- diflora Pall. and A.atropurpurea Willd. Available material is insufficient for the establishment of these species, whose ranges overlap to a considerable extent, both phenologically and ecologically, nor is there sufficient material to determine the exact limits of these areas of distribution. 5. A.lactiflora Kar. et Kir. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XIV (1841) 374; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 737; Fisch. et Mey. in Schrenk, Enum. plant. nov. II, 70.—A.moorcroftiana var. lactiflora Bruhl in Journ. Asiat: Soc. LXI (1892) 310.—A.moorcroftiana var. lactiflora f. typica Korsh. in Bull. Ac. Sc. Petersb. sér. V, IX (1898) 401.—A.darvasii Korseh.; ibid..— Exs.: Soc. Imp. Nat. Cur. Mosq: No.58; H.F. A.M. No.127. Perennial; stem 40—80cm high, stem and leaves glandular-pubescent; radical leaves biternate, rarely imparipinnate; leaflets of radical leaves roundedc-cuneate, more or less deeply segmented, ca. 1 cm in length and breadth (leaflets smaller invar. microphyl1a), firm, glaucous or gray or white- tomentose beneath; cauline leaves tripartite. Pedicels glandular-pubescent; flowers mostly densely pubescent, 5cm in diameter, milk white (var. leucantha Fisch. et Mey.) or rarely pink, or else sepals and spurs pale lilac, limb of petal white or yellow (var. dichroantha Fisch. et Mey.); sepals 1.8—2.5cm long, lanceolate, distant, ciliate; petals ca. 3cm long; spur narrow, 2cm long or more, straight or only slightly recurved at the tip, 2 or more times as long as spatulate limb of petal; stamens slightly exserted from corolla; carpels 5, glandular-pubescent, with long distant styles; follicles also glandular-pubescent, ca. 1.5cm long; seeds lustrous, black. From mid-May to July, inclusive. (Plate VII, Figure 6). Ravines, beside rivulets in subalpine meadows, near glaciers, rock streams, upper limit of broadleaf trees, lower regions of conifers (spruce), juniper and birch woods at 1,600—3,050m.— Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb., T. Sh., Syr-D., Pam.-Al. Endemic. Described from Tarbagatai. Type in Moscow; cotype in Leningrad. 13 94 Series 4. Vulgares Bul.— Relatively large plants, branched, more or less pubescent with leafy stems; pedicels glandular; leaves thin; flowers 2.5—8(10)cm in diameter, either monochromatic: blue, red, pink, lilac, or white, or else bicolored: blue and red, with a white or yellow or straw- colored limb; floral envelopes slender, readily marcescent. Carpels 5—8; ripe follicles 2—4cm long. 6. A.oxysepala Trautv. et Mey., Fl. Ochot. (1847) 10.—A.vulgaris var. staminodiis planis, petalis albis Maxim. Prim. Fl. Amur. (1859) 22.— A.vulgaris var. oxysepala Rgl. Tent. Fl. Ussur. (1862) 9.— TIe.: Kom. and Alis., Opred. rast. Dal'nevost. kraya I, 530, pl.161, figs. 1—3.— Exs.: Karo, Pl. amur. et zeaen. No. 400. Perennial; stem 70—100cm high; leaflets orbicular or rhombic or broad- obovate or oval-cuneate, dentate, 3-5 cm long and 2—3.5cm broad; upper cauline leaves acute, elongated; flowers 2.5—3.2(5)cm in diameter; sepals wine red or violet or rarely white, broad-lanceolate, longer than limb of petal, distant, 2.5(3)cm long, 1—1.2cm broad; petals 3.3cm long, ca.) em broad, with incurved spurs concolor with sepals; limb of petal yellowish straw colored,truncate; stamens scarcely exserted from corolla; styles visible; ripe follicles ca. 4cm long, pilose, with short curved styles; seeds black with minute scarcely discernible dots. May—August. (Plate VII, Figure 1). Banks of rivulets and streams in mixed forests, forest margins clearings and grass plots.— Far East: Okh. (S.), Ze.-Bu., Uda, Uss. Gen. distr.: N.Japan, N.Korea, Manchuria, China (Chihli [Hopeh]). Described from the Uda River area. Type in Leningrad. 7. A.karelini (Baker) O. et B. Fedtsch., Ranunc. Turkestana (1899) 65.— A.vulgaris var. karelini Baker in Gard. Chron. II (1878) 76.— A.kareliniana C.A.M. ex Trautv. in A.H.P. VIII (1883) 53.— A.sternbergii Kar. et Kir. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XV (1842) 135, non Rchb. — Exs.: H.F.A.M. No.128.— Vernacular name: kara-kogur. Perennial; stem 20—80cm high, with sparse, partly glandular and partly simple hairs; pedicels densely glandular-pubescent; leaves bipinnate; leaflets lobate, deeply dissected, acute-dentate, rounded at base, glaucescent with sparse hairs beneath, more or less glabrous above, in outline resembling leaves of A. glandulosa Fisch. Flowers violet or dark red,ca. 5cm in diameter; sepals oval acuminate, glandular-ciliate,ca. 2.8cm long, 1cm broad; petals ca. 2.5cm long, 0.9cm broad, with sparse glandular hairs; limb truncate, about as long as spur; stamens scarcely exserted from corolla; carpels 5,ca. 2.5 cm long when ripe, connate almost to apex, with short distant glabrous styles; seeds small, mostly lustrous. (Mid-May) June—July (August). (Plate VII, Figure 11). Damp ravines and mountain slopes predominantly covered with spruce and some juniper and broadleaf (apple, aspen) and meadows with tall herbaceous vegetation in the forest and alpine zones at 900—3,660m; singly or in small groups. — Centr. Asia:.Dzu.-Tarb., Syr-D.,. T.,Sh. Gen..distr:: Dzu.-Kash. (Kuldja). Described from the Dzungarian Ala Tau. Type in Leningrad. Economic importance. Sap, obtained from the flowers and slightly diluted with water, is used as an ink in the Aulie-Ata [Dzhambul] area. 74 95 8. A.olympica Boiss. in Ann. Sc. Nat. 2 sér. XVI (1841) 360; N. Busch inuElesecauc . rerits< HT; <3 (1902) 34.-—A.vulgaris M.B., Fl. taur.-cauc. II (1808) 15; III (1819) 374, non L.— A. vulgaris f caucasica Ldb., Fl. Ross. I (1842) 56.—A.caucasica M.B. ex Rupr., Fl. Cauc. (1869) 32, 287.—Ic.: Rev. Hort. 108.— Exs.: Fl. cauc. exsic. No.106; Herb., Fl. cauc. No. 215. Perennial; stem 30—60cm high, in upper part mostly branched, glandular, slightly glutinous, with densely glandular-pubescent pedicels, in the remaining parts glabrous or with scattered sparse hairs; shape of leaves resembling A.vulgaris; leaflets large, oval-cuneate, grayish beneath, obtusely large-lobed. Flowers 5—8(10) cm in diameter, blue, rarely pink, limb of petal white, pubescence of small simple hairs; sepals 2—4.5cm long, 1-2 cm broad, ovate acute, considerably longer than limb of petal, declinate; petals to 3.5cm long, limb obtuse; spur 1—2cm long, about as long as the limb, hamately curved with long sparse glandular hairs at the tip; stamens about as long as limbs of petals; carpels 5-8, slightly glandular-pubescent, 2—3cm long; styles recurved; seeds black, dull, very finely regulose. May—July (August). (Plate VII, Figure 7). Broadleaf, mixed, and coniferous (pine) forests, groves, scrub, meadows, subalpine slopes in the forest, and especially the subalpine zones of the entire Caucasus at 1,220—3,645m.— Caucasus: Cisc., Dag., W., E., and S.Transc. Gen. distr.: As. Min., Iran. Described from Mount Olympus. Type in Geneva. 9. A.vulgaris L., Sp. pl. (1753) 753; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 55; Shmal'g., Fl. I, 27.—A.silvestris Neck., Delic. Gallo-Belg. I (1768) 234. — A.cornuta Gilib., Fl. lithuan. V (1782) 286.— A.versicolor Salisb., Prodr. (1807) 374.— Ic.: Rchb., Ic. Fl. Germ. IV, tab.114.— Exs.: Meinsh., Herb. Fl. Ingr. No.25. Perennial; stem 30—70cm high, branched in upper part, glabrous or pubescent, pedicels glandular; leaves pubescent, lighter-colored beneath than above, sometimes glaucescent; radical leaves long-petioled, biternate; leaflets orbicular-cuneate, lobate, more or less crenate, 2.5—5cm long, 1.5-—2cm or more broad; cauline leaves short-petioled, similar to the radical, the upper leaves tripartite. Flowers blue, lilac, pink, red, rarely white with scattered hairs,ca. 4—5cm in diameter; sepals ovate or oval- lanceolate, ciliate, prostrate, 1.5—2.5cm long, ca. 1cm broad; petals obtuse, slightly emarginate, ca. 3cm long, ca. 1cm in the broadest part; spurs thick, with a terminal thickening, recurved in the form of a hook or incurved, twice as long as the limb, the latter slightly shorter than or as long as the stamens; carpels 5—8, short-pubescent, glandular, fruitlets ca. 2cm long, glabrous or pubescent; styles glabrous, almost straight; seeds black, lustrous. End of May, June, July. (Plate VII, Figure 10). Wild in parks, forests, and meadows adjacent to old farms; sometimes in deep sand beneath willows and European alders; usually in elevated, open or shaded places; scattered or single. — European part: Kar.-Lap. (S.), Dv.-Pech. (single specimen), Lad.-Ilm., U. V., V.-Kama, U. Dnp., M..Dnp., V.-Don, 9Bti, Crim: (single specimen), L. Don. Gen. distr.: Seand. (S.), Centr. and S. Europe, introduced into North America. Described from Europe. Type in London. 75 96 Note. The primary range of this species is in Western Europe, where the plant is rather widespread in forests and lowland meadows; it has spread far beyond these limits, partly by natural means, but mainly through horticulture, reaching far eastward into the plains of the USSR, i.e., the secondary part of its distribution range. In Western Hurope it grows on mountains to 2,000m. Economic importance. A poisonous plant, avoided by livestock, but widely distributed in gardens as a readily cultivable, ornamental plant. It is represented by several varieties; the spurless and double-flowering forms are particularly beautiful. Series 5. Glandulosae Bul.— Flowers 6—10.5cm in diameter, blue or with petal limb yellowish, flowers rarely white, nutant until flowering, campanulate, at flowering stellately spreading; spurs short, proximally thickened; stamens short, carpels 6—15, together with pedicels densely glandular-pubescent. 10. A. glandulosa Fisch.,ex Link, Enum. Hort. berol. II (1822) 84; Ldb., Els oRoss #456; (furezy wih ebaict-dahirl,, 69 "Kryley ih les Zape terion 1133.—A.alpina var: grandiflora DC., Syst. 1 (1818) 337.— A.jucunda Fisch. et Lallem., Ind. sem. Horti Petropol. VI (1840) 2.— Ie. Sweets,’ Brits Fl. Gard): IL, tab.55. — Exs.=> Herb. Socsuimpea Nee Cur. Mosq. No. 597. Perennial; stem simple or slightly branched in upper part, 12—35(60)cm high, glabrate, pedicles densely glandular-pubescent; radical leaves biternate; leaflets orbicular, broadly cuneate or orbicular-obovate, 1—2.5cm long, 1.5—3cm broad, trifid, rounded-dentate; cauline leaves small, tripartite, with oblong or linear entire lobes. Flowers solitary or 2—3, terminal, brightly colored, occasionally greenish or whitish along margins; sepals ovate or elliptic, usually longer than petals, 3—5cm long, 1.5-—3cm broad, blue; petals blue or yellowish, the limb 2—4 times as long as the spur, spur 0.6—1 cm long, recurved in the shape of a hook; stamens as long as the pubescent carpels, not exserted; ripe follicles 8-10, ca. 2cm long, with volute styles, covered with a dense down; seeds black, without luster. June to mid-August. (Plate VII, Figure 5). Alpine meadows, rock streams, rocks, rarely banks of mountain rivulets; found to below the timberline.— W.Siberia: Alt.; E.Siberia: Ang.-Say., Dau.; Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb., T. Sh. Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash.; NW Mong. Described from Altai. Type in Leningrad. Series 6. Sibiricae Bul.— Low growing glabrous or glabrate plants with leafless or slightly leafy stems; leaves more or less glaucous, rarely pilose; flowers lilac blue, rarely white, 2.5—6(7)cm in diameter, petals with white or yellowish limb; sepals oval or oblong; spurs hamately recurved; floral envelopes slightly fleshy; pedicels glabrous or sparsely hairy; carpels 4—8, glabrous, ripe ovary 1.5—4.5cm long. 11. A.sibirica Lam., Dict. 1(1783) 150; Ldb., Fl. Alt. II (1830) 296; Durez.; Flo baic.-dah. 1,68; Krylt mile Zapeiolbr Vee il 345 — AS vbsieropleon. 76 97 Ehrh. Beitr. VII (1793) 146.—Ic.: Gartenfl. IX (1860) tab. 289.— Exs:: HFR No.552, (sub. A. sibirica B discolor Turcz.). Perennial; stem 26—70cm high, slightly branched, upper part of stem and entire petioles covered with short sparse hairs, rarely whole stem glabrous; radical leaves often simply ternate, not biternate as in other species of Aquilegia; leaflets 2—4.5cm long, 3—6cm broad, glaucescent beneath; flowers 5—6(7)cm in diameter; sepals lilac-blue, rarely almost white, 2—7cm long, 1—2 cm broad, recurved or prostrate; petals 3cm long; spur concolor with calyx (var. concolor Rgl.), ca. 2cm long, tip recurved in the shape of a hook or annularly volute; limb of petal obtuse or obliquely truncate, frequently whitish (var. discolor Rgl.), ca. lcm long; styles slightly longer than or as long as stamens; follicles 5, glabrous, ca. 2.5cm long; flowers with characteristic scent. May—June—July (August). (Plate VII, Figure 3). Dry-valley meadows in forests, rarely floodplains and subalpine meadows at 1,600—1,760m, meadow slopes, stony slopes, and sparse mountain forests (larch, pine, spruce, stone-pine, and mixed).— W. Siberia: Ob (SE), Irt., Alt.; E.Siberia: Yenis. (S. and SE), Lena-Kol., Ang.-Say., Dau.; Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb. Gen. distr.: N. and NW Mong. Described from Siberia. Type in Paris: 12, A.amurensis Kom. in Notul. system. ex Herb. Horti Bot. Petropol. VI, 1 (1926) 8.— A. flabellata var. alpina Kuzen. Bull. Ac. Sc. (1915) No.5, 4. Perennial; stem 20—50cm high, branched in upper part, with slightly pubescent, rarely glabrous pedicels; radical leaves long-petioled; leaflets trifid or lobate, dentate, orbicular-cuneate, thin, glabrous or appressed- hairy beneath; single cauline leaf short-petioled; flowers 2.5—5.5cm in diameter, lilac-blue, rarely white (var. albiflora Bul.), corolla 2—3cm long, the limb considerably shorter than the calyx, pale yellow or white; sepals 2—3.5cm long, 1—2cm broad; carpels 4—8, ripe ovary 1.5—3cm long; styles long, divergent at maturity, seeds black with slight luster. May—June (August). (Plate VII, Figure 13). Rock outcrops in the mountain-forest zone balds (1,400 m).— E. Siberia: Lena-Kol. (E. slopes of the Stanovoi Range); Far East: Okh., Ze.-Bu., Uda. Gen. distr.: Korea. Described from the Far East. Type in Leningrad. 13. A.flabellata Sieb. et Zucc., Fl. jap. fam. nat. I (1846) 75.—Ic.: ‘Rev. Hort. (1887) 548.— Vernacular name: Khikatakina (Ainu). Perennial; stem 40—60cm high, with sessile leaves; entire plant glaucous, glabrate, the pedicels with very sparse glandular hairs; radical leaves long-petioled, biternate or quaternate; leaflets flabellate with sharply outlined venation, firm, intensely glaucous beneath, unequally incised-dentate, teeth rounded; flowers 4.5—5.5cm in diameter, glabrous or sparsely hairy, lilac-blue, rarely white; sepals oblong or broad-ovate, 1.5—2.5cm long, 1.1—1.7cm broad; spurs long with thickened base and reflexed tip, but spurs short in the white variety; limb straight, yellow, campanulate, as long as sepals; stamens not exserted; carpels 5, with divergent styles glabrous, ripe ovary 2—4.5cm long; seeds black, lustrous. June-July. (Plate VIL Figure 4). Ui 98 gg) Mountain forests.— Far East: Sakh. Gen. distr.: N.Japan, Kurile Islands. Described from Japan. Type in Munich; cotype in Leningrad. Note. This species is very close to A. amurensis, from which it is distinguished by the very long limb, the rounded-tipped sepals, firm intensely colored flabellate leaflets (though these do not always retain this shape), with abaxially prominent veins beneath, and by the rather lustrous seeds. Series 7.* Colchicae Bul. — Glandular-glutinous; flowers 3—5cm in diameter, blue, with a white limb; spurs long, hamately recurved or almost spirally involute. Carpels 5, small, glabrous or sparsely hairy. 14. A.colchica Kemularia-Natzhadze, Tr. Tifl. Bot. Inst. I (1934) 113. Perennial; rootstock thick, long, the numerous ascending stems simple or divaricately branched in upper part, crowded with leaves, glandular- pubescent. Lower leaves numerous, biternate, long-petioled, with a soft dense grayish-whitish pubescence, especially above; leaflets rounded, cuneately obovate, irregularly and coarsely crenate, sessile or central leaflet short-petioled. Flowers** on long glandular-glutinous pedicels, 3-15 per stem; sepals blue, lanceolate or narrowly ovate with a greenish tip, twice or 1.5 times as long as the almost squarely truncate limb; spur with greenish thickened tip; carpels as long as stamens; follicles with styles curved to the side, densely pubescent when young. Mature seeds black, lustrous, slightly rugose. July—August. Calcareous rocks in the forest zone.— Caucasus: W. Transc. Endemic. Described from the Kvirila River gorge in W.Georgia. Type in Tbilisi. DOUBTFUL SPECIES 1, A. formosa: Piseh. in DC. Prodr: I (1824); db ole ROSS Halas our Bong., Veget. ins. Sitcha 124. Perennial. ''Spurs straight, petal limb very short, stamens much longer than the limb, styles not exserted; sepals lanceolate, much longer than the petals.'' Flowers red. Erroneously cited by Fischer and Ledebour for Kamchatka, but it is confined to NW America. 2. A.hybrida Sims.,; Bot. Mag. (18),t..1221; DC., Prodr. I, 51; Ldb., Fl. Ross.eL, (oti -7A..cée lat as Lidb., ind.* sem: hy Dorpat?protar t324r Perennial. ''Spurs straight or with slightly curved tips, longer than the obtuse limb; sepals acute, apically callous, as long as or longer than the limb; stamens somewhat longer than the limb, styles slightly exserted." Described after a plant grown in the Dorpat [Tartu] Botanical Garden, from seeds obtained somewhere in Dauria. It is difficult to know which species of Aquilegia is involved, but presumably it is one of the forms generally known as A. viridiflora Pall. * Received late, and therefore not brought into the proper phylogenetic relation with the other series. As the author has seen neither live plants nor herbarium material, he is unable to suggest its place in the genus. ** According toN. A. Busch; fragrant, smelling like apples. 78 Genus 524. DELPHINIUM* L.** L., Syst. ed 1 (1735); Genera pl. ed 5 (1754) 236; Sp. pl. (1753) 530. Flowers irregular (zygomorphic); tepals 5, petaloid, brightly colored, the upper one prolonged into a hollow spur, the others without spurs; 1-—2 distinct nectaries are elongated to spurs, these or the nectaries included in the spur formed by the superior tepal; stamens numerous; fruit of 1 or several (3—5) carpels. Annual or perennial herbs. Up to 200 species in the Temperate Zone. Russian names: zhivokost' or shpornik. Key to Subgenera 1. Nectary 1 (rarely none, petaloid; staminoides absent; fruit a single follicle. Annual herbs; leaves repeatedly ternate, dissected into Reet — SPU Ae CRON oie ee ek 8 as ceaticten of mud Subgenus 1. Consolida DC. ft Nectaries 2; below their point of attachment 2 staminoides, one on either side, in the form of smallish petals with a narrow, rather short claw and a more or less deeply incised, rarely entire,limb; fruit of iad POLUCMES . qe reas coo wm cre wl Subgenus 2. Eudelphinium Huth. Subgenus 1.CONSOLIDADC.— DC., Syst. I (1818) 341.— Genus Consolida S.F.Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. II (1821) 711.— Sectio Consolida Boiss., Fl. Or. I (1617) 74.— Characters appear in the following key. 1. Nectary absent. Flowers without spurs ..... 14, D.paradoxum Bge. Nectary 1, its spur included in that of the upper tepal .2......... 2. 2. Lamina of nectary quinquelobate, margin of middle lobe crenulate or re er rem e Se ere She PEN 2 i LN Pe te ee 3. + Lamina of nectary trilobate, the middle lobe more or less slightly emarginate, the lateral lobes very broad, semiorbicular ......... 4. 3. Lamina of nectary with lower lateral lobes subobtuse, rounded. Spur OFupperWepaleircinate Wil. O94 6 Sel Sees 1. D.hohenackeri Boiss. at Lamina of nectary with lower lateral lobes finely cuspidate. Spur of upper tepal slightly curved, not circinate ...... 2. D.barbatum Bge. 2, i Pounetes aiwaye- slabrous: S24 /s 925? 1 BR ADP PPR I GOS AY ed 5. + Young, usually mature follicles as well, pilose ............... 6. 5. Follicles 8—9(10)mm long, only twice as long as broad. Tepals 7—10(12)mm long, 3—6mm broad, violet-blue or almost violet ...... eerie hte ets aie woth to: gat o¥ ‘an SOPRA We, oe, dG, ee bentonite ate, wee 4, D.paniculatum Host. ate Follicles (11)12-—15mm long, 3 or almost 3 times as long as broad. Tepals (10)12—16(17)mm long, 5—8mm broad, bright violet-blue ..... oro etiedt VOTO) IG SC BENS Ol. ase ason Poe 3. D.consolida L. * From the Greek delphinion, a name used by Dioscorides. “* Treatment by S.A Nevyskii; the author considered it necessary to separate Consolida asa distinct genus, but the editors could not agree with him because, firstly, Consolida is commonly referred to the genus Delphinium by USSR botanists, and secondly, either D.consolida L. or E,peregrinum L, are mentioned as the type of Delphinium in the international literature (Intern. Rules of Bot, Nomencl,, III ed. (1935) 140). ie) 101 6. Follicles thickest in their lower part, slightly attenuate toward apex, (1.2)! .5—2.7.cmolong,, 24> Gla mmmaybieOad. ) ie o 2.0 4 cue et ec ss oF Follicles terete or laterally compressed, not attenuate toward apex, with one side tapering into a beak; however,in some species follicles broader in their upper part, usually shorter and more slender.... 8. 7. Flowers blue or pale pink or rarely white. Spur of upper tepal 1.5— 1.6cm long. Beak of follicle 2-592. jomm long...) \. (6. .Ouayaelsmian aL Flowers usually bright purple-violet. Spur of upper tepal 0.8—0.9cm lone.” Beakvot follicle ji a mmimnglomeuenst weiss. 7. D.orientale J.Gay. 8. Pedicels extremely short, considerably longer than, rarely as long as flowers: and [RUNES os ee eee eens as lareaill ae OT SR 30 Silence cee o: a5 Pedicels all considerably shorter than flowers and fruits, usually not longer ithan5 mmay(2.-5am)) longa, | 42). Sel: .cel. ses. eee i nae 9, Flowers bluish violet or almost violet. Follicles 8-1 O(1 3)mm long, 33.0 mam broads oblong sobovate, siuighily icompGessSediy @ .-i- a ane ELISE ary hag SaRDECS ok Gul RIES WE RA RRL St Co en RE Ws Rasy 5. D.divaricatum Ldb. + Flowers pale pink, turning more or less azure on drying. Follicles 10—1 8smm: tons... 2>31mm) broad /searcely Compressed cyan 10. 10. Upper lateral tepals orbicular-obovate, 0.9—1.3cm long, (0.6)0.7— il cr broads “billowenrs an intense azuce when) diya). ).s)- 2s eee SAE NUS. Vel th aR MARS HES Fo cReOMmOe OR RR oats tesa 8. D.camptocarpum Fisch. et Mey. + Upper lateral tepals obovate, 0.9—-1.2cm long, (0.4)0.5—0.6cm broad. Flowers slightly azure when dry, sometimes not becoming azure . oi hE ele Oe id a dR NS Tah a pice I ate OM, «oh 9. D.songoricum Nevski. 11. Follicles (excluding beak) 0.7—1.3cm long, slightly compressed, with stalks one-third to oneshalf thistlengthy, (sees. =). ane 2). + Follicles (1.2)1.5—2.5cm long, terete, with stalks not exceeding one- fourth their length, 2... aspistyie aulemeheh ower emer: = ac koinel = eee LSI 12. Flowers pinkish lilac when dry. Spur 1.5-2cm long, 2.5—-2.75mm Wide wal DaASi\n t ictet finer tan Lap., Dv. -Pecha. duad=ollm...UsV., VirKama,U, (OnpeyaeeSom: M. Dnp.;' Bl.; EL. Dons. Caucasus? *Cise,; We Siberia. Ul ‘Leb e@ma war. Gen. distr.: Scand. (S.), Centr. Eur., W. Med., Bal.-As. Min. . Introduced into N. Am. Described from Europe. afype in Bonde. Economic importance. Necteriferous; infusion of the leaves with alum provides a fine blue dye for wool and silk, as well as ink; the powdered poisonous seeds serve as an insecticide; ornamental. 4, D.paniculatum Host, Fl. Austr. II (1831) 65; Huth in Engler, Bot. Jahrbtich. XX (1895) 384.-—D.consolida B micranthum. Boiss., FI. Or. 1(1867) 78.— D. consolida var. sparsiflorum Vis., Fl. Dalm. III (1852) 89:— Di consolida var. panieculatum*Aschers.vet Kanitz, Catalogus pl. Serb. (1877) 73.— D. consolida ssp. paniculatum N. Busch. in Fl. Cauc. crit. Ill, 3 (1903) 44.-D.consolida M.B., FI. taur.-cauc. II (1808) 11, non L.— Consolida paniculata Schur in Verh. Sieb. Nat. Ver. IV (1853) 47; Huth in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. XX (1895) 384.—Ceratosanthus paniculatus Schur in Verh. Sieb. Nat. Ver. IV (1853) 46.—Ic.: Rchb., Ic. Fl. Germ. IV (1840) tab. 66 (sub nomine D.divarice.).— Exe.” Sintenis. be Ore 1eo2,” No. 42047 Annual; stem (30)50—120cm high, very profusely divaricately branched in its upper part, appressed-pilose or glabrate; leaves repeatedly (1)2—3- ternately dissected into narrow-linear, more or less pilose lobules; bracts and bracteoles entire; pedicels many times as long as the bracteoles, appressed-pubescent or glabrate; flowers violet-blue, the violet more intense than in C.consolida, flowers shorter than in the latter; tepals 7—10(11)mm long, 3—6mm broad, oblong-ovate, obtuse, rather densely short-pilose on the outside, spur 14—17mm long; nectary trilobate, the middle lobe narrow, apically emarginate, lateral lobes broad, orbicular, more or less violet-lilac; follicle glabrous, 8—9(10)mm long, twice as long as broad. June—August. (Plate VIII, Figure 7). Steppes, steppe slopes, stony slopes, and rarely in weed-infested places. — Huropean' part: Bl. lf: Don, Eh. Vv. \Crim.: ‘Caucasus: "Cise., Wii ies. Dag., Tal. Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur. (S.), W. Med. (E.), Bal.-As. Min., Arm.—Kurd. Described from Dalmatia. Type in Vienna. 5. D.divaricatum Ldb. in Eichw. Pl. Casp. Cauc. (1831) 16; Ldb., FI. Ross. 1;. 59; ‘Boiss., Fl: Or. "lel shmaltoy hk” 267 > Die pm mesercaas Henning in’ Mem: Soc: Nat. de Mose. Viz pis et 897, non DC. Consolida divaricata Schrodinger in Abhandl. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien IV, 5(1909) 62; Hayek, Prodr. Fl. penins. Balc. I (1924) 315.—Ic.: IDnGlaivan daGa telogl! Be Annual; stem to 75cm high, with divaricate branches bearing few long- pediceled flowers, glabrous below, more or less. pubescent higher up; leaves repeatedly dissected into narrow-linear pubescent lobules; pedicels many times longer than the linear bracts and bracteoles, below the flower more 82 = 105 or less appressed- or spreading-pubescent at base usually bearing utricularly broadened yellowish hairs in addition to simple hairs; flowers bluish violet or almost violet; tepals 10—12(15)mm long to 6mm broad, oblong-obovate obtuse, pubescent on the outside, spur 20-25mm long, 2—3mm wide at base; nectary more or less lilac-violet, the middle lobe narrow, apically emarginate, 4—5mm long (slightly longer than in D.consolida); the lateral lobes broad, semiorbicular; follicle appressed- pilose, straight or slightly recurved, 8—10(13)mm long, 3-—3.5mm broad, oblong-obovate, slightly compressed. June—August (September—October), (Plate VIII, Figure 5). Dry steppe slopes, sandy places, and cultivated fields. — European part: Pe haere MooncacuesCise., Dag... and 5.) Transc,,,Tal.; ;Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp. (Aleksandrovsk), Syr D. (introduced). Gen. distr.: Iran, Bal.-As. Min. Described from islands in the Volga Delta. Type in Leningrad. fe aereaaeis ss ikiws, So. ole 11.753),5381; Neaesch.in Fl. cauc. crit. Il]. 3; 41.—-D.ambiguum Mill., Dict. ed. 8 (1768) No.3.- D. simplex Salisb., Prodr. (1796) 375.— D. addendum Mc.Nab. in Transact. Bot. Soc. Edinb. IX (1868) 335.— Consolida ajacis Schur in Verh. Sieb. Nats Wer. LV (1853) 41. Cera t ose. nthi.s;ajae1 s,Schury nun. (pl. Transs. (1866) 30.—Ic.: Rchb.,f., Fl. Germ. IV, Tab. 67. Annual; stem 30—100cm high, divaricately branched, appressed- pubescent; leaves repeatedly ternately dissected into narrow-linear lobules; lower bracts palmately dissected into linear lobules, bracteoles small, linear, distant from base of flower; pedicels appressed-pubescent, with white hairs sometimes utricularly broadened and yellowish at their base; flowers disposed in loose or rather dense racemes, intensely azure or pale pink, rarely whitish, the upper tepal and lower lateral tepals lance- ovate, 12—15mm long, 5—6mm broad, the upper lateral tepals rounded-ovate, 1—1.2cm broad, tapering at base into a short claw; all tepals slightly pubescent on the outside; spur almost straight, 1.5—1.6cm long, ca. 2—2.25mm thick at base, slightly longer than the upper tepal; nectary large, together with the lamina 1.3—1.6cm long, as measured from base of spur, trilobate, the middle lobe oblong, 7—8mm long, apically emarginate, concolor with the tepal; the lateral lobes broad, semiorbicular or rounded- triangular, obtuse; follicle usually 1.5—2 cm long, with a dense pubescence of more or less distant yellow hairs uticularly broadened at base; follicle unilaterally produced into a short beak 2.5—2.75mm long, margins of suture very slightly thickened; seeds black, trigonous, covered with small scales. June—July. A rare weed accidentally introduced into truck gardens and cultivated fields and also growing near buildings.— European part: Crim.; Caucasus: Cisc., Dag., Tal.; Centr. Asia: Kara K. (Merv). Gen. distr.: W. Med. (Provence, stony slopes), Centr. Eur. (S.), Bal.-As. Min. Introduced into India and N. Am. Described as a garden plant of unknown origin. Type in London. * From the name of the Greek hero Ajax; legend has it that from his blood grew a flower, and its shape resembled the first letter of his name. 83 106 7. D.orientale J.Gay apud Demoulins, Cat. Dordogne (1840) 12.— Dajacis MB Mi, aur eames yla( 608) 12: 0 hdb.) Ei Hoss. sumac non L.— D. bithynicum Griseb., Spic. Fl. Rumel. I (1843) 320.— D. sintenisii Uechtr. ap. Kanitz) Hl. Roman. (1880) 173) — Din agieens @ orientale Radde, Grundztge d. Phlanzverbr. Kauk. (1899) 340.— D.ajacis var, orientale Minemet@Gacnep, in Bull. (Soc. bot. cance XI (1880) 467.— D. hispanicum Willk. et Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hisp. II (1880) 969.— Consolida orientalis Schrédinger in Abhandl. Zool.- bot. Ges. Wien IV, 5 (1909) 8,—Ic.: Fiori et Paol., Ic. Fl. Ital. 187.— Exs.: Fil. /Austro>Hung. (No“60%;, 1. Hung, exs.. Now!04; “Heros ie CGewie, Wovorvs Callie, ies. Wewie, WE, INO, 22:5, Annual; stem erect, 15—50(85)cm high, usually branched, glandular- pubescent in upper part; leaves 2—4-ternately (usually triternately) dissected into narrow-linear pubescent lobules; raceme dense and long, bright purple-violet, lower bracts palmately dissected into narrow-linear lobules, bracteoles entire, approximate to base of flower; pedicels distant, 8—20mm long, densely short-pubescent and bearing, in addition to the simple hairs, also hairs with a utricularly broadened yellow base; tepals lance- ovate (upper tepal and lower lateral tepals) or suborbicular (the upper lateral), obtuse, slightly pubescent on the outside, 1.2—1.5cm long and to 1(1.2)cm broad; spur straight or slightly recurved, 8-9mm long and ca. 1.75mm wide at base, slightly shorter than the upper tepal; nectary with a lamina 1,.4—1.6cm long (measured from base of spur), trilobate, the middle lobe very narrow, 8mm long, apically emarginate, the lateral lobes rounded- triangular, obtuse, of same purple-violet color as the tepal; follicle (1.2)1.5— 2.7cm long, more or less densely pubescent, with squarrose hairs, some of these utricularly broadened at base, follicle produced to a very short beak, 1—1.5mm long, margins of suture thickened; seeds black-brown, covered with very small lamellate scales, confluent into transverse rings. May—July. Cultivated fields, semidesert and steppe slopes.— Huropean part: Crim.; Caucasus (to 2,000m); Cisc.., Das., W; Eu; and) Sy Transc<,mkal. 7 Ceanree Asia:.Mtn. Turkm. Accidentally introduced, this species was collected near Lake Baikal; a pink-flowered form was found in the Poltava area. Gen. distr.: Bal.-As. Min., Arm.-Kurd., Iran, Ind.-Him., W. Med., Centr. Eur. (Se)p Described from Dordogne in S. France. Type in France. Economic importance. The plant yields a blue dye when extracted without heat and a violet dye when boiled; medicinal; ornamental. 8. D.camptocarpum Fisch. et Mey.,ex Ldb., Fl. Ross. I (1842) 58 (incl. var. dasycarpum Ldb.).— ?D. cappadocicum var. incurvatum O.Kuntze in A.H.P. X (1887) 144.— Consolida campto- carpa Nevski comb: nova.— Exs, H.F.A:M. No.130. Annual; stem (9)20—50(60)cm high, sparsely or densely appressed- pubescent, more or less branched almost from base; radical leaves long- petioled, dissected into 3 obovate-cuneate lobes, the middle lobe dissected into 3 linear entire or apically 3-segmented lobules, the lateral lobes into 2 apically (1)2—3-segmented lobules; bracts subsessile decreasingly dissected upward, their lateral lobes may be entire, but the middle lobe very much reduced, linear-subulate; bracteoles very small, entire, usually borne near middle of pedicels, the latter 1—2.5(3) cm long, covered with retrorse appressed hairs; live flowers pale pink; indry flowers tepals intensely azure, 84 (107) PLATE VIII. 1 -Delphinium camptocarpum Fisch. et Mey.; a) general aspect, b) branch with follicles, c) upper lateral tepal; 2 —D.leptocarpum Nevski; 3—D.stocksianum Boiss.; 4 — D.angulosum Boiss; 5—-D.divaricatum Ldb; 6 —D.consolida L.; a) follicle, b) nectary; 7—D.paniculatum Host, follicle; 8 -D.hohenackeri Boiss., flower. 85 109 nectary lamina whitish-yellowish, lower lateral tepals lanceolate or oblong- ovate-lanceolate, (0.9)1—1.2(1.5)cm long and 3—3.5(4)mm broad, obtuse, the upper lateral rounded-obovate or suborbicular, (0.6)0.7—1.1 cm broad, the upper tepal similar to the lower lateral, but its limb slightly smaller, spur obliquely ascending, 1.8—2.5cm long, proximally ca. 2.5mm thick; follicle with a long stalk, 1.5—2 times as long as or as long as the follicle; stalk more or less curved, hence follicle approximate to inflorescence axis; follicle 1.3—1.8cm long, 2-—3mm broad, its surface sharply rugose, rather sparsely covered with more or less distant or appressed hairs, rarely glabrous when ripe. April—May. (Plate VIII, Figure 1,a—c). Stable sands in sandy deserts.— Centr. Asia: Kara K., Amu D. Endemic. Described from SE coast of the Caspian Sea. Type in Leningrad. 9. D. songoricum (Kar. et Kir.), Nevski comb. nova.— De Iphinium camptocarpum 8 songoricum Kar. et Kirs in Bull: Soc, NatzyMiose: XV (1842) 136.— D. camptocarpum @ turkomanicum Bge. in Arbeit. d. naturfiorseh. Wererms a nical (1848) 125.—D. Camp iOls carpum,6 robustum, Bge., 1.cy1126. > D. persicum) rer elnamum Huth in Engler Bot. Jahrbuch. XX (1895) 370.— Consolida songorica (Kar. et Kir.), Nevski comb. nova. Annual; stem (10)15—40cm high, rather densely covered with more or less spreading hairs, branched almost from base or below the middle; radical leaves long-petioled, dissected into 3 obovate-cuneate lobes, the middle lobe dissected into 3 linear entire or apically 3-segmented lobules, the lateral into two 2—3-segmented or entire lobules; terminal narrow- linear segments longer and more acute thanin D.camptocarpum; bracts subsessile, decreasingly dissected upward, their lateral lobes entire and middle lobe reduced, linear-subulate; bracts very small, at middle of pedicels, the latter (0.6)1—2.5(5) em long, covered with spreading sub- horizontally or slightly recurved hairs, some of these utricularly broadened at base, pedicels considerably longer than the bracts, directed obliquely upward; flowers pale pink when dry, sepals (tepals or perianth segments) whitish-pinkish or slightly azure; nectary larnina whitish yellow; lower lateral tepals lanceolate or lanceolate-oblong-ovate, 1—1.2cm long, 3—4mm broad, obtuse; upper lateral tepals obovate, 0.9—1.2cm long, (0.4)0.5—0.6cm broad; upper median tepal similar to lower lateral tepals, but its limb slightly smaller, the spur obliquely ascending, 1.7—2cm long, 2.5—-2.75mm wide proximally; lamina of nectary trilobate, the middle lobe rather narrow and emarginate, the lateral semiorbicular obtuse; follicle with a long, rarely shortish stalk 1.5—2(3) times as long as or as long as, rarely shorter than the follicle, obliquely or arcuately ascending, curved below the follicle; ripe ovary (excluding the 3—4.5mm long beak) 1—1.5cm long, 1—3mm broad, surface sharply rugose, sparsely covered with slightly appressed hairs. Seeds with large whitish lamellate scales. April—May. Stable sands in sandy deserts and semidesert associations on sandy soii. — Centr. Asia: Balkh., Kyz. K., Ar.-Casp. (E.), Pam.-Al. (NW), Endemic. Described from sands along the Lepsa River. Type in Leningrad. L10 10. D.leptocarpum Nevski in Acta Inst. Bot. Acad. Sc. URSS, Ser. I, 4 (1937),.— Consolida leptocarpa Nevski, ibid.— Delphinium rugulosum auct., Pl. turk... p. pte, non Boiss: =) pie rs ve um “aucke 86 Fl. turk., p. pte, non Boiss.— Exs.: HFR No. 2751 (sub nom. D. persi- cum); Sintenis It. transcasp.-pers. 1900—1901 No. 283 (sub nom. D.rugulosum). Annual; stem (1 0)20-—65 cm high, more or less branched below the middle, covered with appressed, rarely spreading hairs; leaves short- petioled, usually triternately dissected, with linear or broad-linear terminal lobes 1.25—2.5mm broad; bracts as long as or shorter than flowers or fruits, without petioles, less dissected, usually with 3 lance- linear entire or 1—2 dentate or 2—3-lobuled lobes, the middle lobe poorly developed. Bracteoles very small, subulate, distant from base of flower; pedicels short, covered with appressed or rarely squarrose hairs; flowers pale pink, even when dry, but nectary lamina yellowing slightly; tepals 1—1.1cm long, obtuse, slightly pilose on the outside, lower lateral tepals lanceolate, 3mm broad, the upper lateral obovate, 5-6mm broad, the upper median tepal with a small limb-lamina (4—6 mm long), spur upright, almost straight or more or less recurved, 2—2.5cm long, ca. 4mm wide proximally; nectary lamina with entire spur included in spur of upper tepal, 1—1.1cm long, trilobate, the middle lobe ca. 2.5mm long and ca. 4mm broad, obtuse, apically emarginate, with conspicuous dark veins and semi- orbicular obtuse lateral lobules 8mm broad. Follicle with a very short stalk (4.5 mm long, one-fourth the length of the follicle — 1.7—-2.5cm; stalk slenderly terete, 2—2.5mm broad, erect or slightly curved, appressed-pubescent or rarely with spreading hairs. May—June. (Plate VIII, Figure 2). Dry stony foothill slopes in the semidesert zone.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. (W.), Mtn. Turkm. Endemic. Described from foothills of the Kugitang Range. Type in Leningrad. 11. D.persicum Boiss. in Ann. Sc. Nat. XVI (1841) 362; Fl. Or. I, Torp? pte; (Busch?) in Fi: Cauc: ‘crit.. UR} )3; 40.—"D cam ptocarpum C.Koch in Linnaea, XV (1841) 247, non Fisch. et Mey.— Consolida persica Schrdding in Abhandl. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien IV, 5 (1909) 17, Suymarosss., Plivkavk? Il; 201/— Exs:: “Pl. “Or? ‘exes. ‘Noi3s6. Annual; stem 12—35cm high, branched below the middle, with appressed or spreading whitish hairs, some of these utricularly broadened and yellowish at their bases; radical leaves short-petioled, with 3 lobes of the first order borne on narrow-linear petioles and dissected into 3 sections or twice bisected, the terminal, narrow-linear (ca. 0.75—1 mm broad) sections, tapering to a cartilaginous mucro; bracts similar to lower leaves but subsessile or sessile, decreasingly dissected upward, usually of 3 narrow-linear entire lobes; bracteoles small, linear-subulate, near base of the very short petioles, these densely covered with more or less distant, more or less appressed hairs; dry flowers pink-lilac, tepals lanceolate obtuse, 0.8-—1.1cm long, 3mm broad, with appressed hairs in a greenish broad longitudinal band on the outside; upper median tepal 5—-6mm long, spur obliquely ascending, almost straight, 1.5—2cm long, 2.5—2.75mm wide proximally; limb of nestary 1—1.1cm long and very broad, trilobate, with very small narrow middle lobe ca. 2mm long and extremely broad semiorbicular lateral lobes; follicle with a short stalk usually one-third to half as long as the ovary, slightly compressed laterally, erect, 0.9-—1.3cm long, 2.75mm broad, with subulate beak 3.5—4mm long, obscurely rugose and densely pubescent. May—July. 87 112 £3 Dry stony foothill slopes in the semidesert zone.— Caucasus: S.Transc., E.Transc. Gen. distr.: Arm.-Kurd., Iran.(W.). Described from the vicinity of Hamadan (Iran). Type in Geneva. 12. Distoecksianum Boiss )Diagn. ser. 2, 1u(1853) 125 El) Oc i aaa. Huth in Engler Bot. Jahrbiich. XX (1895) 373.- D. persicum var. ferganense Korsh. inherb. Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS.— Consolida stocksiana Nevski comb. nova. Annual; stem (12)20—50(70) cm high, slightly branched in lower half or near the middle, with long slender virgate branches, with dense appressed, rarely more or less spreading hairs; leaves usually triternately dissected into narrow-linear pilose lobules, not more than 0.75—1.25(1.5)mm broad; bracts similar to lower leaves but less dissected, appressed to stem, shorter than flowers but as long as or longer than follicles; bracteoles very small, entire, distant from base of flower; pedicels extremely short, densely covered with more or less squarrose hairs; flowers whitish- pinkish even when dry but nectary lamina yellowing slightly; tepals obtuse, 0.8—1.1 cm long, with spreading white hairs on the outside, lower lateral tepals narrow-lanceolate, usually 2—2.5mm broad, upper lateral tepals 3—3.5 mm broad, upper lamina of median tepal 3-—5mm long, spur upright slightly recurved 2—2.5cm long, to 4mm wide,proximally; lamina of nectary 1—1.1cm long, trilobate, the middle lobe narrower, 3mm long, ca. 5mm broad, obtuse, slightly emarginate, the lateral lobes broad, semi- orbicular; follicle slightly compressed laterally, erect, with a stalk 4-dmm long, usually one-third as long as the follicle, the latter not sharply rugose, and densely covered with spreading white hairs, passing into a beak 3.5— 4mm long; ripe ovary 0.7—-1(1.2)cm long, 2.75mm broad. May—June. (Plate VIII, Figure 3). Dry stony foothill slopes in the semidesert zone.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. (E.), Mtn. Turkm. Gen. distr.: Iran. Described from Baluchistan. Type in Geneva. 13. D.rugulosum Boiss. in Ann. Sc. nat. XVI (1841) 361; Fl. Or. I, 76; Busch in Fl.’ Cauc. crit; Il, 3; 41.— Consolida nuculos ay schgodmuis: in Ann. Nat. Hofmus. XXVII (1913) 43; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 101.— Exs.: H.F.A.M. No.131; Sintenis, It. transcasp.-pers. 1900-1901, No.143. Annual; stem 10—25(35)cm high, simple, rarely slightly branched at base, with horizontally spreading slender white hairs and less numerous yellowish hairs basally broadened utricularly; leaves short-petioled, dissected into 3 lobes, the middle lobe apically cleft into 3 linear lobules ca. 2mm broad, the lateral lobes similarly cleft or else dissected into 2-segmented lobules; bracts similar to lower leaves but less dissected, much longer than flowers; bracteoles minute, entire, close to flowers; pedicels densely covered with spreading hairs, 3.5mm (in fruit 2-3 mm) long [sic]; flowers pale pink, solitary, in axils of bracts almost from base of stem; tepals obtuse, 1—1.2cm long, with long white hairs on the outside, lower lateral tepals narrow-lanceolate, to 3.6mm broad, the upper to 3.5-—5mm broad, the upper median tepal similar to lower spur suberect or obliquely ascending, slightly curved 1.8—2cm long and ca. 2.5-3mm wide proximally; lamina of nectary ca. 1cm long, trilobate, the middle lobe 88 + 114 narrow, ca. 2mm long, emarginate, the lateral lobes large, semiorbicular; follicle terete, erect, prominently rugose, densely covered with white spreading hairs, prolonged on one side into a beak 3—3.5mm long, the ovary (1.2)1.5—1.8(2)cm long, 3—4.25mm thick. Seeds with very conspicuous squamules. April—May. (Plate VIII, Figure 4). Dry semidesert foothill slopes, depressions between hummocks in sandy deserts and old sod fields.— Caucasus: S.Transc.; Centr. Asia: Ar.- Bacp., iaikh.,” Dzatefarb., T.Sh., Syr-D., Kyz.cKs; Kara K.,.Pam.-Alh, Mtn. Turkm. Gen. distr.: Iran, Arm.-Kurd. Described from the shores of Lake Urmia. Type in Geneva; cotype in Leningrad. 14, D.paradoxum Bge. in Arbeit. d. naturforsch. Verein. z. Riga I (1848) 124; Boiss., Fl. Or. I, 75.—Consolida paradoxa Nevski comb. nova. Annual; stem 7.5—16cm high, simple, very rarely slightly branched at base, with spreading white and shorter, basally inflated, yellow hairs; leaves short-petioled, dissected into 3 lobes, the middle lobe apically cleft into 3 and the lateral into 2 linear lobules. Bracts similar to lower leaves but sessile, their lobes often entire; bracteoles small, entire, close to flowers; pedicels very short, ca. 3mm long in fruit, densely covered with spreading hairs; flowers pale pink, without spur and nectary, hidden in axils of bracts; tepals obtuse, 0.8—1 cm long to 3mm broad, narrow- lanceolate, with long white hairs on the outside; follicle short-terete, erect, prominently rugose, densely covered with spreading white hairs, unilaterally prolonged into a beak 3mm long, mature follicle as broad as and almost as long as D. rugulosum. April—May. Saxaul forests and sandy deserts.— Centr. Asia: Kyz. K., Kara kK. Gen. distr.: Iran. Described from the Yany-Darya River valley. Type in Paris; cotype in Leningrad. Note. Apparently a mutation of D. rugulosum Boiss. Subgenus 2. EUDELPHINIUM Huth in A. Engler Bot. Jahrbucher XX (1895) 365.— Characters in key (p. 79). 1. Color of nectaries and staminodes black-brown, quite different from bluish or violet color of the tepals, considerably shorter than tepals; tepals rarely also dark-colored-brown with a slight purple tinge (Secuen a Eh Watiopsits Huth)lodnetgnolto.y Ser ea ee. 7 i + Color of nectaries and staminodes blue, lilac, yellow, dark purple, etc., but not black-brown, only rarely different from color of the tepals; staminodes often not shorter than tepals (Section 2. Kolobopetala Hum, and section's. Diedropetala Hathyoiy ss POV Yeo... . 38, 2. Tepals brown, with a slight purple tinge ....... 36. D.triste Fisch. a3 Mpa OP te Iter PORE SY She te es ee eke ee ee Ae Maen 3. 3. Base of blade at least in some leaves, cuneate, more or less abruptly Pape nmaC Ce CC LONC® 5 ea ss nee ee ee ane © ene tomes ea tem wees 4. + Base of leaf blade cordate or truncate, not cuneately tapering into the Domenie. tareiy Glieminy ALLENUALe sts sf eee ce ee ke hs een ek 8 we 12. 4. Upper part of stem, entire axis of inflorescence, pedicels, and some- ime ieoves me immailar—-pubESCENt. 9.5) daw Sede sce ls erase sees Fe 3. 89 L15 ie Plants with a more or less developed indumentum of simple appressed or spreading, sometimes setose hairs, without glandular hairs.... 6. Terminal teeth of leaf lobes rounded-ovate, tapering into a more or | | less sharply expressed pricklelike mucro. Spur conically saccate, . 7-10mm long, 5—6mm wide proximally... 15. D.brunonianum Royle. Terminal teeth of leaf lobe obtuse, without amucro. Spur stoutly TERS eee LR ROR Las ils fase I ate) 16. D.propinquum Nevski. : Flowers large, tepals (1.7)2—3cm long, widely gaping ......... 74 | Flowers smaller, with tepals 1—1.5cm long, not widely gaping .... 9. Inflorescence a very sparse few-flowered raceme (2—7 flowers). Bracteoles linear-lanceolate or broad-linear, 1.2—1.5cm long, ca. 2(2.25)cm broad, near flower or very slightly lower and, usually protruding aboveithe horizontalsspur> 2 cba 1 oh eke ene Ue Er Re Res oss han ais ANAL bien e 25. D.dasyanthum Kar. et Kir. Inflorescence a many-flowered raceme or rarely, in impoverished plants, of 4—7 flowers. Bracteoles slightly distant from flower, not protruding above the horizontal spur, narrow-linear, 0.5—l1 cm long, ca. 0.75(1)mm broad or ovate and lanceolate, 0.7—1 cm long, 3=425(5 mm broadia waciGoan so ts Oe eee eee 8. Bracteoles ovate or ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, 0.7—1 cm long, 3—4.5(5)mm broad. Tepals 2—3cm long ... 26. D.poltoratzkii Rupr. Bracteoles narrow-linear, 0.5—1cm long,ca. 0.75(1)mm broad. Tepalis*i7a=2 emt Long wii tisk pat ee ee 27. D.oreophilum Huth. Mlowensiviole ty gale Seales ihe ees. ee 28. D.confusum M. Pop. Blowers PLUGS 25.4 Le er Pe eae pee ee eee LO: Tepals densely covered on the outside with long, right-angled, Spreading white hairs. Bracteoles linear-subulate or linear-fili- forme a. OL vomm ybroads 2. vg) .inins Senet unnene 44, D.villosum Stev. Tepals densely covered on the outside with short appressed hairs or else glabrous. Bracteoles ovate or ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, rarely linear, to 2.5—5 mim broadm ict... 1 ceeke + Sic) pee en ge Lower part or entire stem densely covered with rigid recurved hairs) 2—Simm long 4 a).w hse). 43. D.retropilosum (Huth) Sambuk. Lower half of stem glabrate or with few spreading hairs below inflorescence as well as inflorescence axis, short-appressed- pubescent ;rarnelysolabprewsi ie-9 Secms es tee 5) =) eo fe 42. D.cuneatum Stev. Bracteoles. elliptic, broad-ovate, ovate, or ovate-lanceolate ......13. Bracteoles linear, linear-filiform, linear-subulate, or linear- lanceolate, rarely oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate 7 : 5 .-oieaces ee 20. Bracteoles elliptic or broad-elliptic, close to base of pedicels...-.-. Shite Bas seen 345 ey Pa Sitka RR ear ne etalon wed iden. its ae lin ee 49. D.maackianum Rgl. Bracteoles morejordess-close ito: flowers. le) ws) hs See deena sien tae Tepals quite glabrous on the outside, with ciliate margins, sometimes with few etliate hairs jonjtherinsidem. hit 65. D.batalinii Huth. Leaves rounded-cordate or rounded-reniform but not lanceolate- cuneate in outline, dissected or cleft differently from the above ... 43. PWepals quite riderous On both ‘sides! 2 ee et ee te 44, Tepals on the outside especially dorsally [sic.] sometimes proximally more or less densely covered with simple, rarely glandular appressed me isanhengeet Naas! cde citi) 16) fue spe ae Welw Se ge saree et oe ro Pollacles,densely, pilose throughout, ....nmeuwisce misheem 8f2 teehee 2s 45, 93 45. 46. AN. 48. Ovaries and follicles quite glabrous, rarely (in D. dictyocarpum) more or less ciliate along the sutureS ...+++++ +e +e esse es 46. Flowers bright azure. Leaves ca. 2—3.5cm long. Stem 60-75 cm pod anise faith. cha DREN sep Meine Man Ra Rie Mten ele iy Ay lat ge Raia 62. D.lipskyi Korsh. Flowers bright blue. Leaves ca. 5—6.5cm long. Stem 75—-100cm IpaDah 5 ella » 2G a TObs Ds tenatum Elita: Stem sHoltegelo na Ae Rueels: Tpceneiedh in “ysser half, | Peducelis spreading or arcuately ascending, 3-6cm long .......--.+-+-++-; BEE pK TERESA EVE fe a een eee 63. D.longipedunculatum Rgl. et Schmalh. Stem simple or slightly branched above, raceme simple or slightly branched basally. Pedicels declinate, 0.5-2.5cm long ........ 47. Spur unilaterally inflated distally, with a very prominent gibbosity. Leaves concentrated in lower part of stem, suborbicular, dissected into 3 lobes, the middle lobe obovate, cuneately tapering to base, shallowly cleft apically at the apex into 3—5 entire obtuse lobules; lateral lobes dissected to the middle into 2 broad-cuneate lobes of the second order, shallowly cleft apically into oblong obtusely 2—3- toothed lobules Yi) ...... 64, D.semiclavatum Nevski. Spur rather obtusely vioitatedt! Sitbon a conspicuous gibbosity at its tip. Leaves spaced more or less evenly along stem, variously dissected! into lobes with very narrow SECtiONS!) = 2h =. semen 48. Petioles of cauline leaves not broadened, or scarcely broadened at BaASeyh Ar APRA PENH CAS Sea aay att Ube Ce Meee 52. D.dictyocarpum DC. Petioles of cauline leaves very strongly broadened and inflated at base, forming a kind of abbreviated sheath half-embracing the stem Mowers inlacseoloned) + Spur Loa li/ mana VOme yy ie natn iene Flowers violet-blue. Spur ca. 712 mmMomey ih Sees) Sa ost) ee Sabet eve: Susetetiey jake Pohelts | Stare enema. | 75. D, albomarginatum Simonova. Flowers pale, whitish or grayish lilac-azure. Spur 10—-11mm long Stem short-pubescent below, glabrous above. Leaves with slightly pUbesicentwObes ene. =: . «2 Ji) 67. 1D. bucharicum Vieseap: Stem densely glandular pubeeeen: nan golden- yellowish hairs, from base’ up) to inflorescence. Lear lobes densely piloSer a). il-eene ener Pa TR PRETEEN ch eo eR a eh CUE eet mes ae aS iAT oe in 68. D.inopinatum Nevski. Flowers 2—4, very large, tepals 1.9—2.1 cm long, spur of upper tepal Dames Caw Nora, oewley WCE 4 A 5 4 55d 60. D.knorringianum B. Fedtsch. Flowers more numerous, in a dense or loose raceme, usually smaller, tepals) not donger than I :o'em, on mlarcer, blue lon azn e ena aes tee 52. Petioles much broadened and more or less inflated proximally, forming a kind of abbreviated sheath, half-embracing the stem... . 53. Petioles not broadened or scarcely broadened, not inflated at base . Doman Tealviapey Tat lap uel dota Bla Yers yea loli ee natntde ark. {Unley (Rune amie ee etc te 60. Outer surface of tepals glandular-pubescent, mainly at base ...... Siero ASS TMS Vr he Saas OE Ha SY ui Sc oth ha AC eg eh a 69. D.turkmenum Lipsky. Outer surface of tepals more or less pubescent with only simple aPPKESSed AIK S TS ee eee a ee crc ae eee ae a4, Raceme dense or very dense, with only the lower flowers slightly removed, or else raceme rather loose but then very long, to 70cm and: many=TMowered oes d300 2 2 acs Gis! oc a eae 59. 94 122 59. 60. 65. Raceme loose, with few, distant flowers .....-.- ee ee ee eee 59. Flowers pale, whitish or grayish lilac-azure. Raceme rather loose, very long and many-flowered......+-+-- .66. D.karategini Korsh. Flowers azure or lilac or blackish-purple. Raceme dense...... Di. Flowers blackish-purple JR wast Wher) kts ee thn’ oof 629 epunieeunm: Pall. Mire ACMRSHOT Mila te: Dsl eco m Ometianm N. Busch in Bull. Acad. Sc. URSS (1931) 450, fig.2.—D.bracteosum var. Macranthum Som. et Lev. in A. H.P., XIII (1893) 25 et var. albidum Som. et Lev., l.c.? (non v.).—Ic.: M.B., Cent. pl. rar. Ross. I, (1810) tab.5; Deless., Ic. select. I (1820) tab. 62. Perennial; stem 35—75(100)cm high, slightly flexuous, more or less densely covered from the very base with abundant short and less abundant long, reclinate hairs; petioles slightly broadened at base, slightly pilose, those of lower leaves long; leaf blade rounded-cordate or rounded-reniform, slightly pubescent, mainly along the impressed veins, or glabrous above, pilose along the veins beneath, margins short-ciliate, dissected to considerably below the middle into 3 lobes, dissection terminating 6—-17.5mm from base; middle lobe rhombic or elongate-rhombic, dissected to about the middle into 3 lobes of the second order, the middle lobe ovate or ovate- lanceolate, with 2—4 lateral teeth, terminating in a large lanceolate tooth, the lateral secondary lobes unequally 2—4-toothed (sometimes the middle lobe less dissected, with but (1)2—4 large broad-lanceolate rather obtusely acuminate teeth on each side and terminating in a large linear-lanceolate lobule); lateral lobes of the leaf blade broad, dissected to below the middle into 2(3) rhombic lobes of the second order, the upper resembling the middle lobe of the first order; raceme rather dense and long, to 45cm long; pedicels stoutish, erect or slightly arcuately ascending, the lower to 6(9) cm long, the upper ca. 1.5(2.5)cm long, very densely covered with Simple, slender reclinate hairs; lower bracts resembling upper leaves, upper bracts lanceolate, pilose; bracteoles more or less close to flower, densely pilose, ovate-lanceolate or ovate, 5—9(12)mm long, 2.75—4mm broad: flowers widely gaping, light blue or blue, large; tepals broad-ovate, Si 3)_53)) Cia long, 1—1.5cm broad, rather obtusely acuminate, with long .29 5667 100 130 slender simple white hairs inside and outside, as well as along the margins; spur usually horizontal, 1.5—1.9cm long, slightly recurved; follicles to 1.8cm long, glabrous or with pubescent long white hairs. July—August. Subalpine meadows.— Caucasus: Cisc., Dag., E. Transc., W.Transc. Endemic. Described from the Kaishaur area. Type in Leningrad. Note. Indescribing D.ironorum, recognized by us as a typical D.speciosum, N.A. Bush compared it with D. arcuatum Busch. There is no basis for this comparison, except the presence in the latter species, which is closely related to D.flexuosum M.B.,ofa characteristic pubescence of glandular, utricularly inflated and simple spreading hairs on the pedicels and tepals. 22. D.megalanthum Nevski sp. n. in Addenda p.551.—D. flexuosum y Paulovi Akinf, in Trav. Soc. Nat. l'Univ. Kharkow XXVII (1894) 167.— D.speciosum var. Paulovi N. Busch in Fl. cauc. crit. III, 3(1903) 64. Perennial; stem 35—75cm high, faceted, in lower half covered with rather sparse, spreading, slightly reclinate, simple slender hairs; upper part and axis of inflorescence glabrous; leaf petioles slightly broadened at base, with long ciliumlike hairs along margin; leaves asin D. speciosum, slightly pilose or glabrous above, lighter-colored beneath, pilose along the veins, margins short-ciliate; bracts and bracteoles as in D. speciosum, but glabrous, rarely with few cilia; bracteoles a more or less strong bluish-violet color. ovate-lanceolate or ovate, usually 7—9mm long, 3—4 mm broad, rather obtusely acuminate; pedicels glabrous, rarely scarcely pubescent; flowers blue, tepals broad-ovate, 2.2—3.3cm long, to 1.6 cm broad, quite glabrous on both sides, obtuse; spur 1.5—2.3cm long, sub- horizontal and scarcely recurved near tip; follicles to 1.9cm long (excluding beak), quite glabrous or else ciliate along sutures. July—August. Subalpine meadows.— Caucasus: Cisc., E.Transc. (N.). Endemic. Described from the edge of the Bezenga glacier. Type in Leningrad. Note. Distinguished from D.speciosum by the absence of pubescence on tepals, bracteoles, and upper part of stem. Series 5. Orbicularia Nevski.— Plants with a rather strongly developed setose pubescence on stem; leaf blade not tapering into petiole, sub- orbicular, dissected into lobes to below the middle, the margins of lateral lobes convergent; flowers large, always in a simple raceme, borne on erect pedicels, widely gaping, spur about as long as the tepals; bracteoles ovate, follicles 3, always pilose. 23, D.sauricum Schischk. in Animadvers. syst. ex Herb. Univ. Tomsk. No. 8 (1936) p.1. Perennial; stems 30—80cm high, very slightly ribbed, subterete, from base to inflorescence densely covered with white, reclinate setose hairs 1—1.5(2)mm long, or else glabrate; petioles bearing similar, though some- times longer hairs, or else glabrate; leaves very similar in shape to those of Aconitum rotundifolium Kar. et Kir. but larger, with few appressed hairs or almost destitute of such hairs above, more or less spreading -pubescent along and between the veins beneath; leaf blade sub- orbicular or orbicular-reniform, dissected to below the middle into 3 101 131 laterally more or less overlapping lobes, the middle lobe orbicular-obovate or orbicular-rhombic, cuneate, cleft to slightly above the middle into 3 mostly obovate lobules, these in turn shallowly cleft at the apex into 3 or 2 ovate or elliptic obtuse or slightly attenuate terminal teeth, the middle tooth sometimes incised into 3 denticles; lateral lobes of the leaf blade cleft to the middle into 2 lobes of the second order which resembles the middle lobe of the first order in shape and in type of cleavage; inflorescence a not very dense raceme, flowers violet-blue, lowermost bracts with 3 linear lobes, middle and upper bracts entire, linear-lanceolate or lanceolate about as long as or shorter than the pedicels, pilose; pedicels scarcely declinate or appressed, covered with recurved or spreading, more or less crisp, long white hairs; bracteoles ovate, with a more or less attenuate and acuminate apex, densely pilose dorsally, with few ciliumlike hairs near apex and along the margins; bracteoles 6-8mm long, 3.25—4.5mm broad; tepals broad-ovate, 1.6—2.2cm long, 0.8—1.2cm broad, obtuse, rather sparsely pilose on the outside, the upper surface with long slender flexuous white hairs, sometimes concentrated near apex; spur subhorizontal, sub- terminally recurved, rather obtusely pointed (1.3)1.5-2 cm long, 3-3.5mm wide. July—August. Subalpine meadows and around the timberline at 1,700—1,900m.— Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb. (Saur). Endemic. Described from the Uch-bulak River valley in the Saur Range. Type in Tomsk; cotype in Leningrad. Note. Distinguished from D.dasyanthum Kar. et Kir. by its appressed pedicels, its pubescence, color of flowers, and shape of bracteoles. Series 6. Mirabilia Nevski.— Plants with a pubescence of simple hairs in lower half, but inflorescence bearing utricularly broadened short yellowish hairs, with an admixture of simple hairs. Leaf blade not tapering into petiole, dissected almost to base into 3 lobes; flowers few, large,ina simple raceme, on declinate pedicels, the spur about as long as the tepals, bracteoles narrow-linear; follicles 3, pilose. 24, D.mirabile Serg. in Animadv. Syst. Herb. Univ. Tomsk. No.4 (1930) 5; Krys, ale Zap. sibw Vi (1931) 1140.— D. laxiflorum B alpinum Bge., Suppl. Altaic. (1836) 44; Kryl., l.c., 1140.- D. winkler- ianum Huth in Herb. Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS, pro parte.— Ic.: Serg., ISes tabs pas. Svopp. fics dextra: Perennial; stems 19—38cm high, slender, ca. 2.5—3mm thick at base, leafy to slightly above, half their height, rather sparsely, sometimes very sparsely covered with soft short reclinate hairs, these replaced in the inflorescence to a greater or lesser degree by yellowish utricularly inflated hairs; petioles long, 2.5—3 times as long as the blade, pilose; leaf blade rounded-cordate or rounded-reniform, deeply cordate, 2.5-3.5(5)cm long, 3—5.5(9)cm broad, with soft semiappressed crisp hairs on both surfaces, but more pronounced beneath, dissected to considerably below the middle or almost to base into 3 lobes, the middle lobe rhombic, cleft to the middle into 3 lobules, the middle lobule usually tridentate, with a longer and larger elliptic-lanceolate central tooth, the lateral lobules bidentate, their lower teethsmaller; lateral lobes of the leaf blade dissected almost to base into 2—3 lobes of the second order, which resemble the middle lobe of thefirst order in their palmatisect appearance; raceme loose, with 3—7(10) dingy lilac-blue flowers; bracts linear-lanceolate, entire or the lower 2—3 -lobuled, bracteoles 102 132 135 8—12 mm long, 0.6—0.75(1)mm broad, densely pilose, very close to flower; tepals oblong-ovate or ovate, obtuse, (1.5)2—2.5 cm long, (5.5)8—10 mm broad, glabrous onthe inside, pilose onthe outside; aspur subhorizontal, subterminally recurved, rather bluntly acuminate, 1.4—2cm long,ca. 2.5mm wide proximally; pedicels 1—2.5cm long, declinate, densely pubescent. July— August. High-mountain shortgrass meadows.— W.Siberia: Alt. Endemic. Described from the Taldura River valley in the Altai. Type in Tomsk. Note. This species is undoubtedly closely related to D.dasyanthum Kar. et Kir., but not to D.elatum and D.laxiflorum as held by L.P.Sergievskaya. From D.dasyanthum it is distinguished by the denser pubescence of the small leaves and narrow bracteoles, by the shorter pedicels, and by the longer spurs. Its identity with D.laxiflorum 8 alpinum Bge. was proved by a study of authentic specimens of the latter, as well as by its diagnosis, in which the black-brown color of the staminodes and nectaries was mentioned. Series 7. Dasyantha Nevskii.— Plants with a more or less developed pubescence of simple hairs; leaf blade, at least in some leaves, slightly cuneate, tapering into petiole, dissected into lobes to below the middle or almost to base; flowers large, blue or else blue with slight violet tinge, in a simple raceme, borne on more or less arcuately spreading pedicels; spur about two-thirds or slightly more than half as long as tepals; follicles 3, pilose. 25. D.dasyanthum Kar. et Kir. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XV (1842) 138; E.Huth, Monogr., 396, pro parte. Perennial; stem (15)20—35(40) cm high, to 5(9)mm thick proximally, with a very slight soft pubescence of short (0.5—0.75mm long) slender, slightly reclinate obscure hairs; leaves borne at uneven intervals: petioles broadened at base, with slightly longer hairs; leaves 2.5—6(7) cm broad, slightly pilose beneath, glabrate above; leaf blade rounded-cordate or rounded-reniform, dissected almost to base into 3 lobes, not overlapping laterally the middle lobe rhombically broad-obovate, cuneately tapering to base, cleft to one-third its length usually into 3 lobules, the middle lobule short 3-segmented with 3(4) obtuse elliptic-lanceolate or orbicular- lanceolate terminal teeth, the lateral lobules incised into 2—4 dissimilar teeth; lateral lobes of the leaf blade dissected to about the middle into 2 lobes of the second order, the upper resembling the middle lobe of the first order; inflorescence a very loose, few-flowered raceme; flowers 2-7, very remote; bracts large, the lower trilobate, the upper broad-linear or linear-lanceolate, subobtuse, slightly shorter than pedicels; pedicels 2.5—6 cm long, densely pilose, with more or less squarrose hairs of varying length; bracteoles pilose, linear-lanceolate or broad-linear, usually adjacent to flower and protruding above the horizontal spur; tepals ovate, rather strongly attenuate and obtusely acuminate, strongly pilose on the outisde and along the margins, with sparse long white hairs on the inside; tepals 2—2.2cm long, 0.8—1.1(1.5)cm broad; spur subhorizontal, terminally more or less recurved, rather obtusely pointed, 1.4—1.5cm long, 3—4mm wide. July. (Plate IX, Figure 3). 103 133) PLATE IX. 1—Delphinium brunonianum Royle; la—nectary; 2-—D.lacostei Danguy; 3 — D.dasyanthum Kar. et Kir, a) flower, b) leaf; 4-—D.poltoratzkii Rupr; 5- D.oreophilum Huth.; 6 —D.iliense Huth. 104 a 136 Stony slopes in the upper reaches of rivers.— Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb. Endemic in the Dzungarian Ala Tau. Described from rock streams along the upper course of the Sarkhan and Baskan rivers. Type in Leningrad. 26. D. poltoratzkii Rupr. in Osten-Sacken et Rupr. Sert. Tian-Schan., 37; in Mem. Ac. Petersb. 7 ser. XIV, 4(1869); Huth, Monogr. 397. Perennial; stem 25—55cm high, to 9mm thick at base, throughout its length with a very slight, in upper part more highly developed, pubescence of obscure soft short declinate hairs; leaves at more or less regular intervals; petioles broadened at base, with long (1.5mm) soft white hairs along margin; leaves slightly pilose, glabrate above, larger than in D.dasyanthum, 6—12cm broad, rounded-reniform, rarely suborbicular- cordate, dissected to slightly below the middle into 3 laterally more or less overlapping lobes, the middle lobe obovate or rhombic-obovate, cleft to one-third or less into 3 lobules, the middle lobule 3—5(7—9)-toothed (teeth usually elliptic-lanceolate with a minute mucro); the lateral 3—5-toothed, the largest tooth being either the middle one or the lateral one adjacent to the middle lobule; lateral lobes dissected to the middle into 2 lobes of the second order, the upper very similar to the middle lobe of the first order; terminal teeth of upper leaves very small and numerous; inflorescence a loose raceme of 4—10 blue or lilac-blue flowers; bracts large, usually all entire, lanceolate or broad-lanceolate, slightly shorter than pedicels; pedicels 1.5—4cm long, with a dense pubescence of spreading hairs of unequal length; bracteoles more or less colored, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate or broad-lanceolate, pilose; tepals broad-ovate, slightly attenuate and bluntly acuminate, strongly pilose on the outside and along margins, with long.sparse hairs on the inside; the lateral tepals 2—3cm long, 1—1.5cm broad; spur subterminal subhorizontal, more or less recurved, 9—15mm long,ca. 3.5—4mm wide. August. (Plate IX, Figure 4). Subalpine zone.— Centr. Asia: T. Sh. Endemic. Described from the Shamsa Gorge. Type in Leningrad. 27. D.oreophilum Huth in Engler, Bot. Jahrbiich. XX (1895) 412.-— DMenrle ria funirHuth; /)ie:;" 418) pro parte. =D: speciosum ‘Huth, ime. 465," pre- parte, rion’ M;B.—"D: das yanthtim, Auct. fly Asy Medi, pro parte, non Kar. et Kir. Perennial; stems 30—60cm high, terete, without prominent ribs, slightly pubescent with few spreading hairs; leaves mainly at base of stem, their petioles long, broadened at point of attachment, rather sparsely pubescent; leaf blade orbicular-reniform, glabrescent above, more strongly pubescent beneath (especially along the veins), sometimes densely pubescent on both surfaces, 2.5—6.5cm long, 3.5—11cm broad, dissected to below the middle into 3 laterally overlapping lobes, the middle lobe orbicular-obovate, or broad-obovate, cleft into 3(5) lobules between one-fourth and one-third its length, the latter terminating in 2(3) broad-lanceolate bluntly acuminate teeth, the middle tooth the largest of the 3 (terminal teeth about one-third as long as the lobule); lateral lobes very broad, dissected to the middle or slightly deeper into 2—3 lobes of the second order resembling the middle lobe of the first order; raceme large, not very dense, many-flowered; bracts of lower flowers more or less dentate, the upper linear or linear- lanceolate, shorter than pedicels; corolla very characteristic, usually long, 1.5—5(7) cm, very strongly spreading and arcuately ascending, more or less 105 137 densely covered with hairs of unequal length; bracteoles with dense long white hairs, narrow-linear; flowers lilac-blue; tepals ovate or broad-ovate, 1.7-2cm long, 0.75—1.3cm broad, bluntly acuminate, densely covered with tangled hairs on the outside, glabrate or slightly pilose on the inside, the spur subhorizontal obtusely pointed, almost straight or slightly recurved, 1.1-1.5cm long, ca. 3mm wide. July—August. (Plate IX, Figure 5). Stony high-mountain shortgrass meadows above the juniper zone. — Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al., T. Sh. Endemic. Described from Darvaz. Type in Leningrad. Series 8. Confusa Nevski.— Plants with a dense pubescence of simple hairs. Leaf blade cuneate, slightly tapering into petiole, dissected to below the middle. Flowers not large, violet, in a dense, usually simple raceme. Spur as long as or slightly longer than tepals. Bracteoles broad-ovate. Follicles 3,densely short-pilose. 28. D.confusum M., Pop. sp. nova in Addenda VI, p.723.— D.duhm - bergii Huth in Engler, Bot. Jahrbuch. XX (1895) 402, pro parte. — D. speciosum Huth, Ime, p.4is, pro parte; non Mo B: Perennial; stem 30—65cm high, densely pubescent from the base to the tip of inflorescence, with spreading, 1.5—2cm-long hairs below, usually with a velutinous tomentum of very short hairs above; leaves concentrated in lower half of stem; petioles long, broadened at base, long-pilose; leaf blade orbicular-reniform, both surfaces densely covered with more or less spreading short hairs, velutinous or with a slight pubescence of appressed hairs above and more numerous long hairs beneath, where they are distributed mainly along the veins; the leaf blade dissected to below the middle into 3 lobes, the middle oblong-obovate or obovate, cleft for one- third into 3 lobules, the middle lobule 3—5-toothed, with the terminal teeth broad-lanceolate or triangular-lanceolate, rather obtusely acuminate, the middle tooth considerably larger; the lateral lobules each with 2—4 dissimilar teeth; lateral lobes of the leaf blade dissected to the middle or slightly deeper into 2 lobes of the second order, the upper resembling the middle lobe of the first order. Raceme dense, many-flowered, simple, rarely slightly branched proximally; bracts broad-lanceolate or lanceolate, entire (lowermost sometimes parted into 3 lobes), subobtuse, usually slightly shorter than pedicels, densely short-pilose; pedicels 0.5—1(1.5)cm long, slightly declinate, with a very dense short squarrose pubescence; bracteoles and bracts usually green or more or less violet when young, becoming semidessicated and light grayish-brown during flowering, broad- ovate, obtuse or subobtuse, 5.5—7(9)mm long, 3—4(5)mm broad, very densely short-pubescent; flowers dark violet, not widely gaping; tepals ovate or obovate, obtuse, 1—1.5cm long, 0.5—0.8cm broad, densely short- pubescent on the outside, slightly pilose or glabrate on the inside, spur subhorizontal, subterminally recurved, rather obtusely pointed, pubescent, 1,.2—-1.5cm long, (2)2.5-3mm wide. July—August. Mountain forests of Picea schrenkiana, subalpine stony grass plots.— Centr. Asia: T. Sh., Pam.-Al. Endemic. Described from the Akbashtau Mountains. Type in Leningrad. 106 138 139 Series 9. Bracteosa Nevski.— Tall plants with a more or less developed or obsolescent pubescence of simple hairs, rarely with an admixture of glandular inflated hairs on pedicels and tepals; leaves not cuneate and not tapering into petiole, dissected to considerably below the middle into elongate-rhombic lobes; flowers of medium size, violet-blue or dark blue, not very widely gaping, in a dense raceme, usually branched at base. Bracteoles mostly ovate or broad-ovate. Spur slightly shorter than tepals. Follicles 3, glabrous or slightly pilose when young. 29. D.bracteosum Somm. et Lev. in A.H.P. XIII (1893) 25; Busch in Fl. cauc. crit. Ill, 3 (1903) 67.- D. flexuosum 8 bracteolatum Akinf. in Trav. Soc. Nat. Univ. Kharkow XXVII (1894) 168? Perennial; stems tall,to 1m or more high, especially in upper part slightly canaliculate and glabrate or glabrous; petioles not broadened at base, with long ciliumlike hairs; leaves similar to those of D.flexuosum, orbicular-reniform or orbicular-cordate, dissected to considerably below the middle into 5—7 lanceolate-rhombic elongated acuminate lobes, these very strongly incised-dentate, with numerous triangular-lanceolate, slightly tortuous teeth or bidentate lobules, glabrous above, slightly pilose along the veins beneath; raceme very dense, to 7.5cm broad, branched below, with glabrous axis; bracts elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, whitish- greenish, long- ciliate-margined; pedicels usually glabrous, obliquely ascending; bracteoles elliptic, with broad white scarious or more or less bluish violet margins densely covered with long white cilia, the bracteoles obtuse, close to flower, 8-—10mm long, 4—5mm broad; tepals broad-obovate or rounded-obovate, obtuse, 1.8-—2cm long, 1.2—1.5cm broad, glabrous on both surfaces, margins sparsely white-ciliate; spur horizontal and almost straight or with a slightly recurved tip, 1.5—1.9cm long; follicles glabrous (according to some sources glandular-pubescent); July—August. Forest margins at the timberline and subalpine meadows. — Caucasus: E.Transc. (Ossetia), Dag. Endemic. Described from the vicinity of Tseya in Ossetia. Type in Florence. Note. This species of Sommier and Levier, including the varieties established by them,is undoubtedly a collective species. Further verification is required to determine if our interpretation is consistent with the type collected by Loika in Ossetia. It may be that the plant which we have called D.bracteosum should be described as a separate species, and that D. bracteosum should be considered a synonym of D. specio- sum M.B. 30. D.ruprechtii Nevski, sp. nova in Addenda VI, p.552.—D. fle xuo- sum var. bracteolatum N. Busch in Fl. cauc. crit. III, 3 (1903) 67, pro parte. Perennial; stem tall, to 1m high, ribbed, slightly pubescent or glabrate; leaf petioles broadened or scarcely broadened at base, pilose; leaf blade resembles that of D. flexuosum, but its lobes have fewer lateral teeth, the blade slightly and minutely pubescent above, with longer hairs along the veins beneath, dissected to considerably below the middle into 3 lobes (dissection terminating 5—10mm from base); middle lobe elongate-rhombic, cleft into 3 lobules, the middle lobule large, ovate-lanceolate or broad- lanceolate, usually vith only 2 pairs of lateral teeth and a large lanceolate 107 terminal tooth; the lateral lobules unequally 3—5-toothed; lateral lobes of the leaf blade cleft into 2 rhombic lobes of the second order which resemble the middle lobe of the first order; raceme dense, usually simple and with a glabrous axis; bracts lanceolate, margins more or less ciliate; pedicels glabrous, obliquely ascending or slightly arcuate; bracteoles elliptic or elliptic-ovate, violet-blue, quite glabrous, 5.5—8mm long, 4—4.75mm broad, subobtuse, more or less close to flower; tepals ovate or elliptic- lanceolate (lower lateral), 1.5-—2cm long, to 1.2cm broad, obtuse, glabrous on the outside, ciliate-margined, usually with spase cilia on the inside; spur 1.5(2)cm long. July—August. Subalpine meadows.— Caucasus: Dag., S.Transc. Endemic. Described from the area between the mountain villages of Chirakh and Rycha (Dag.). Type in Leningrad. Note. Distinguished from D.flexuosum by its bracteoles and the shape of its leaves, and from D.bracteosum by the absence of cilia on the bracteoles. 31. D.arcuatum N. Busch. in Fl. cauc. crit. Il, 3 (1903) 71. Perennial; stem ca. 80—100cm high, ribbed, densely covered from the very base with short reflexed crisp semiappressed hairs and with sparser, longer hairs; petioles pilose, not broadened at base; leaves rounded- reniform, slightly pubescent above, paler and more densely pubescent beneath, dissected to considerably below the middle into 3 lobes (dissection terminating 1—1.8cm from base); middle lobe elongate-rhombic, dissected to about the middle into 3 lobes of the second order, the middle one ovate- lanceolate and cleft into 3 lobules, the terminal lobule with 2—3 lateral denticles, the lateral lobule 2—3-toothed; the 2 lateral lobes irregular, with an unequally 4—5-toothed margin; lateral lobe of the first order declinate from the middle and dissected to below the middle into 2(3) lobes of the second order, resembling the blade; raceme dense, usually branched at base; pedicels stout or stoutish, arcuately ascending, the lower usually 3—4.5cm long, the upper 1—2cm long, with an extremely dense pubescence of three kinds of hairs: 1) short, horizontally spreading, glandular, 2) similar but utricularly inflated at base, not glandular, and 3) sparse, simple, slender, long flexuous hairs; lower bracts resembling cauline leaves, the 149 Upper lanceolate, densely pilose; bracteoles close to flower, ovate- lanceolate or ovate, 6.5—12mm long, 2.5—3.5mm broad, rather obtusely acuminate, pilose; flowers more or less widely gaping, tepals violet-blue, broad-obovate (upper lateral) or ovate-lanceolate (lower lateral and upper median tepal), obtuse, 1.6—2.1cm long, 0.6—1.2cm broad, with white ciliiform hairs at the margin, glabrous or glabrate on the inside (with only isolated white hairs), the outside (as also the spur) with characteristic, rather Sparse pubescence of short perpendicularly spreading hairs, some of these utricularly broadened or bearing short terminal glands, with an admixture of simple, more or less flexuous long slender hairs; spur usually sub- horizontal, with a slightly curved acuminate tip, 1.2-1.5cm long; young follicles with scattered hairs. August. Subalpine meadows.— Caucasus: Dag. Endemic. Described from the vicinity of Kurush mountain village. Type in Leningrad. 108 141 32. D.ossecitum N. Busch in Bull. Ac. Sc. URSS (1931) 449. Perennial; stems tall, to 1m or slightly higher, roughened by spreading simple white hairs; petioles densely pilose, not broadened at base; leaves similar in shape to those of D.flexuosum and D.bracteosum but with a dense soft pubescence of short more or less appressed hairs, especially above, and longer ones along the veins beneath; raceme rather dense, branched at base; axis densely squarrose-pilose; middle and upper bracts entire lanceolate, long-pilose, as are the obliquely ascending pedicels; bracteoles with very dense, long white hairs beneath and at the margins, ovate or ovate-elliptic or ovate-lanceolate, rather obtusely acuminate, usually 7-10mm long, 3—5.5mm broad; flowers rather small, blue, not widely gaping; tepals 1.5 cm long, with very long spreading simple white hairs on the outside; spur about as long as tepals; follicles glabrous. July—August. Forest margins near the timberline.— Caucasus: E.Transc. (Ossetia). Endemic. Described from the Chaparukh River gorge. Type in Leningrad. Note. Authentic specimens consist of plants with still unopened flowers. Hence, the dimensions of the flower parts given in the author's diagnosis are too small. Series 10. Flexuosa Nevski.— Tall plants with a slightly developed pubescence of simple hairs; leaves not cuneate and not tapering into petiole, dissected to considerably below the middle into elongate- rhombic lobes; flowers of medium size, violet-blue or dark blue, not widely gaping, in a dense raceme usually branched proximally; bracteoles linear or linear-lanceolate. Spur about as long as tepals; follicles 3, glabrous or else ciliate along the sutures. 33. D.flexuosum M.B., Fl. taur.-cauc. II (1808) 12; III (1819) 369; Boiss oF Ori, 923) NV Busch inl. eaues crit,’ Ti, °3,.65,: pro parte: — D.ciliatum Stev. inInd. sem. Hort. Dorpat. (18t1); Huth, Monogr. p.4045/pro parte: — Dvielatum)c.) sibciliatum: Ldb., Flo’ Rossi «I (1842) 64.- D. mariae N. Busch in Bull. Acad. Sci. URSS (1931) 452, non in Fl. cauc. crit. III, 3 (1903) 69.— Ic.: M.B., Cent. pl. rar. Ross. II, tab.64; Treviran., Delph. et Aquil. (1817) tab.1.— Exs.: Pl. Or. exs. No. 333. Perennial; stem tall,in lower part more or less angular in cross section, with few reclinate setose hairs or glabrate, usually slightly flexuous; leaf petioles, especially at the margins, with sparse long (2.5(3)mm long) white cilia, these more numerous at base of blade and at point of attachment to stem; leaf blade rounded-reniform or rounded-cordate, deeply dissected into 3 lobes to 1—1.5cm from base; middle lobe elongate-rhombic, usually 6—8(12)cm long, 3.5—4(5)cm broad, cleft into 3 lobules, the middle lobule ovate-rhombic, attenuate-acuminate, the margins incised into many ((4)7—9 on each side) lanceolate acute and slightly upcurved teeth or 2—3 dentate segments, the lateral lobules short and incised into apically diminishing dentate segments or teeth; lateral lobes of the leaf blade dissected to below the middle into 2—3 lobes of the second order, shorter than the middle lobe of the first order but especially the upper lobe resembling it in type of 109 142 cleavage; leaves glabrous above, glabrous or with sparse ciliiform hairs along the veins beneath, margins short-ciliate; upper leaves borne on short petioles with long-ciliate margins; lower bracts more or less dissected, resembling upper leaves, the upper bracts linear-lanceolate or linear, their margins almost always with very long and numerous rigid cilia; pedicels usually glabrous or else with ciliiform hairs, more or less declinate, 1—2cm long; bracteoles close to flower, linear or linear- lanceolate, rarely lanceolate, more or less ciliate, rarely glabrate or glabrous, 4—6cm long, 0.8—1.75mm broad, rather obtusely acuminate; flowers intensely dark blue, sometimes with a conspicuous violet tinge; tepals glabrous, with long white cilia at the margins, very rarely more or less pubescent on the inside (var. dasyanthum Rupr.), obovate, (1.3)1.5—-1.75(2)cm long, 0.8-1,3cm broad; spur 1.4—1.9(2)cm long, straight or else slightly recurved near the more or less acuminate tip. July—August. Subalpine meadows and upper part of forest zone.— Caucasus: Cisc., Dag., E., W., and 8. Transc. Endemic. Described from Georgia. Type in Leningrad. ; Note. Arare form with pubescent outer surface of tepals (D. flexuo- sum var. dasyanthum Rupr.; D.elisabethae Busch in Ace mmere Bot. Acad. Sc. URSS, ser.I, 3 (1937) 355, 357) is identical with D.bracteosum described by N.A. Bush under the name D. osseticum, and like it, may be separated as an independent species. Specimens collected by Ruprecht have glabrate stems and leaves, but the latter may be pubescent in this form as in D. osseticum, and only the linear shape of the bracteoles enables it to be distinguished from the present species. Series 11. Pyramidata Nevski.— Tall plants, inflorescence with a glandular pubescence; leaves not cuneate and not tapering into petiole,’ dissected to considerably below the middle into elongate-rhombic lobes; flowers of medium size, pale azure or pale blue, on very long arcuately spreading slender pedicels in a simple or usually proximally branched raceme; bracteoles narrow-linear, very remote from the flowers; spur about as long as or slightly shorter than tepals; follicles 3, glabrous. 34, D.pyramidatum Albov in Trudy Odessk. Otd. R. Obshch. Sadov. (1891) 5; N.Buschin Fl. cauc. crit. Il, 3, 71.-D.elatum y pyramidatum Huth, Monogr. (1895) 399, pro parte.— D. flexuosum var. glandulosum O.Kapeller ex Grossh., Fl. Cauc. II (1930) 100. Perennial; stem 1—1.5m high, glabrous or glabrate to base of inflorescence; inflorescence axis with a dense pubescence of short spreading hairs, many of these utricularly broadened or with terminal glands; petioles pilose, not broadened proximally; leaves resembling in shape those of D. flexuosum or D.bracteosum, with elongate narrow lobes incised into small teeth, the leaves short-pubescent beneath or on both surfaces; inflorescence usually a basally branched raceme with spreading long (2—8 cm long) arcuately ascending pedicels; bracts linear, considerably shorter than pedicels, pilose; pedicels with a short very dense pubescence of spreading hairs interspersed with numerous basally inflated yellowish 110 143 glandular hairs; bracteoles to 1.1cm long and ca. 0.75mm broad, 5—15(20)mm distant from base of flower, pilose; tepals obovate obtuse, (1.2)1.5—1.8cm long and 1 cm wide with a pubescence of simple hairs on the outside or on both surfaces or else glabrous; spur 1.2—1.5cm long, more or less acuminate, slightly recurved. July—August. Subalpine meadows.— Caucasus: W.Transc. Endemic. Described from Abkhazia. Type in Tbilisi? Series 12. Crispula Nevski.— Stem ca. 75cm high, with a more or less developed pubescence of simple hairs; leaves not cuneate and not tapering into petiole, dissected almost to base into narrow lobes; flowers numerous, medium-sized, blue or violet-blue, not widely gaping, in a dense simple or basally branched raceme; bracteoles linear-subulate or rarely narrow- lanceolate or lanceolate; spur slightly or almost two-thirds as long as, rarely as long as tepals; follicles 3, densely pilose or glabrous but sometimes ciliate along the sutures. 35. D.crispulum Rupr. in Fl. Cauc. (1869) 34.- D. speciosum var. linearilobum Trautv. in A.H.P. IV (1876) 102.— D. linearilobum N. Busch in Fl. Cauc. crit. III, 3 (1903) 68.— D.linearilobum var. crispula N.Busch,l.c.—D.tomentellum N. Busch, l.c., 70.— D.speciosum var. dasycarpa N. Busch, l.c., 65, pro parte.— Exs.: Fl. cauc. exsic. No.7; Pl. Or. exs. No. 305 (sub nom. D. lineari- lobum)., Perennial; stem 40—70cm high, faceted, densely leafy, usually covered with a dense tomentum of extremely short crisp reclinate appressed hairs; petioles of lower leaves very long, slightly broadened basally, pubescence as that of stem; leaves rounded-cordate or rounded-reniform in general outline, dissected almost to base (to 2—5(7—9)mm from base) into 3 lobes; middle lobe elongate-rhombic-lanceolate, deeply dissected into 3 lobes of the second order, the middle one linear with 2—4(6) narrow-linear spreading long lateral teeth, the lateral ones linear, irregular, with 2 unequal narrow- linear teeth or with a tridentate lobule replacing the distal tooth; lateral lobes of the leaf blade very deeply dissected into 2 lobes of the second order, similar to the middle lobe of the first order; both surfaces of leaves with a dense, often tomentose pubescence as on stem, axis, inflorescence, pedicels, bracts, and bracteoles; bracts linear; bracteoles 5-9mm long, 0.5—1.5mm broad, linear-subulate, more rarely narrow-lanceolate, ca. 2mm broad; flowers blue or pale blue, not very widely gaping; tepals obovate obtuse, 1.5—1.9cm long and 0.6—1(1.5)mm broad; tepals and spur densely covered with short crisp appressed hairs on the outside, glabrous or slightly pilose on the inside; spur almost straight, 1.1—1.5cm long, ca. 3—3.5mm wide proximally; follicles densely pilose. July—August. In high-mountain meadows on stony soil and on moving taluses in the alpine zone.— Caucasus: Dag. E. and S.Transc. Gen. distr.: Arm.-Kurd. Bescribed from the vicinity of Danuch (a mountain village) (Gumbet). Type in Leningrad. Note. Ruprecht considered this plant as a species of a narrow taxonomic range, certainly not as a variety of D. flexuosum,as has been claimed by N.A. Bush. Thus the new name, D.linearilobum, proposed by Bush, 111 144 145 is superfluous. It seems impossible to distinguish D.tomentellum N. Busch from D.crispulum by leaf division, which in our opinion is identical, either by degree of pubescence or by bracteole shape. 36. D.buschianum Grossh. in Trudy Azerbaidzhan. Otd. Zakavk. Filiala Akad. Nauk SSSR I (1933) 5s — Dili nieass iol unas ives Seloneteitates caule Grossh., Fl. Cauc. II (1930) 99. Perennial; stem ca. 75cm high, more or less faceted, in lower half rather sparsely covered with reclinate simple white hairs 0.75mm long, glabrous or glabrate from below the inflorescence; petioles with scattered hairs; leaves rounded-cordate or suborbicular, glabrous on both surfaces or slightly pubescent along the veins beneath (sometimes also above), dissected almost to 3—6mm from base into 3 lobes; middle lobe rhombic- lanceolate, attenuate-acuminate, dissected to the middle or slightly deeper into 3 lobules, the middle lobule linear or linear-lanceolate, with 2—4 pairs of lateral, apically diminishing, linear or triangular-linear elongated or spreading teeth, terminating in a linear elongated rather obtusely acuminate tooth, the lateral lobules irregular, cleft into 2 unequally bidentate segments; lateral lobes of the leaf blade dissected almost to base into 2 lobes of the second order resembling the middle lobe of the first order; raceme rather dense, usually simple, narrow; pedicels and bracts glabrous, bracts rarely ciliate at the apex; bracteoles 5—7mm long,ca. 0.75mm broad, linear subacute, glabrous or scarcely ciliate, close to flower; flowers dark blue or violet-blue, not very widely gaping; tepals ovate, 1.2—1.5cm long, ca. 0.7—0.8mm broad, obtuse, quite glabrous on the outside, the lower half of the inner surface with a white tomentum of long tangled hairs or with at least a few hairs, sometimes slightly ciliate at the apex; spur 1—1.5cm long, often with hamate tip; follicles glabrous, more or less ciliate along the sutures. July—August. Subalpine treeless zone.— Caucasus: S.Transc. Endemic. Described from the shores of Lake Sevan. Type in Baku. 37. D.mariae N. Busch in Fl. Cauc. crit. III, 3 (1903) 69. Perennial tall plant; stem angular and sulcate, slightly flexuous, in lower half slightly pubescent; petioles not broadened or scarcely broadened basally with crisp hairs; leaves rounded-cordate, dissected almost to 5mm or slightly less from base into 3 lobes; middle lobe elongate-rhombic, dissected to about the middle into 3 lobes of the second order, the middle one lanceolate, with 2—3 pairs of declinate lateral teeth and a long linear- lanceolate, rather obtusely acuminate terminal lobule, the lateral secondary lobes smaller, usually only on the outside unequally 2—4-toothed; lateral lobes of the leaf blade dissected to considerably below the middle into 2 lobes of the second order which resemble the middle lobe of the first order; raceme many-flowered, rather loose, more or less branched at base; bracts linear, glabrous, shorter than the glabrous pedicels; pedicels obliquely ascending, the lower 3—3.5 cm long; bracteoles lanceolate, quite glabrous, ca. 7—-9mm long, 1.75-2mm broad, rather obtusely acuminate, close to flower; flowers rather large, violet-blue, not very widely gaping; tepals glabrous on the outside, ciliate-margined, usually with sparse ciliate hairs on the inside, elliptic-ovate or broad-ovate, obtuse, 2—2.5cm long to 1.2mm broad; spur 1.5—1.7cm long, subhorizontal, with an acuminate recurved tip; follicles glabrous. July—August. 112 Subalpine meadows and forest margins near the timberline. — Caucasus: Dag. Endemic. Described from the vicinity of Tsudakar and Balkar mountain villages in the [former] Darginskii District. Type in Leningrad. Note. This plant has no connection with D.lepidum Fisch. et Lall., to which it was compared by N.A. Bush. Fischer's species is no more than a form or hybrid of the Daurian D. triste. Series 13. Inconspicua Nevski.— Stems not higher than 1m, usually much shorter, with a dense pubescence of simple hairs, sometimes with a greater or lesser admixture of glandular hairs, densely leafy; leaves not cuneate and not tapering into petiole, dissected to below the middle into lobes with obtuse terminal teeth; flowers not large, blue or violet-blue, numerous, in a simple more or less dense raceme. Bracteoles linear- filiform. Spur slightly shorter than or about as long as tepals; follicles 3, glabrous. 38. D.inconspicuum Serg. in Animadv. System. ex Herb. Univ. Tomsk. No. 4 (1930) p.6.—Ic.: Seg., l.c., tab. pag. 8 opp., fig. sinistr. Perennial; stems 2—4, 25—100cm high, very densely leafy right up to the inflorescence and covered with short soft spreading simple and partly glandular hairs, these more abundant in upper part and especially on the inflorescence axis; leaves rounded-cordate, rarely rounded-reniform, cordate, 2.5—7cm long and 3.5—14cm broad, with short unappressed hairs on both surfaces, light green above, even lighter grayish green beneath, palmatipartite; leaf blade dissected to about five-sixths or sometimes deeper into 3 lobes, the middle lobe rhombic and dissected to one-third or half its length into 3 lobules, the middle lobule long, 3(5—7)-toothed or cleft into 3 segments (the middle segment tridentate, the lateral bidentate, with dissimilar teeth), the lateral lobules unequally 2—3-toothed, sometimes with a tridentate segment instead of the distal largest tooth; lateral lobes of the leaf blade broad, dissected to slghtly below the middle into 2(3) lobes of the second order, rhombic or irregularly rhombic, more or less resembling the middle lobe of the first order; petioles of lower leaves broadened at base; slightly longer than or twice as long as the blade, petioles of middle leaves as long and those of upper leaves half as long as the blade; raceme very dense, 3.5—14(17)cm long; lower bracts large, similar to upper leaves, other bracts lance-linear; bracteoles linear-filiform, 7-18mm long, ca. 0.4—0.5mm broad; pedicels, bracteoles and surface of tepals covered with very long (1—2mm long) simple white hairs as well as with 1) very short simple hairs, somewhat broadened in their lower part and 2) glandular hairs; tepals blue or azure, rarely with a more or less conspicuous violet tinge, ovate obtuse, 0.8-1.8cm long, 0.5—0.9cm broad, glabrous on the inside; spur 1.1—1.3cm long, ca. 2.5mm wide, usually horizontal and terete, obtuse; follicles 3(5),ca. 1.2cm long; seeds with narrow wings on the ribs. July—August. Grass plots in the alpine and subalpine zone.— W.Siberia: Alt. Gen. distr.: NW Mong. Described from the vicinity of Katon-Karagai. Type in Tomsk. 146 113 147 39, D.ochotense Nevski, sp. nova in Addenda VI, p.553.—D. elatum a subglabrum Rgl. et Tiling in Nouv. Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XI (1859) 39. Perennial; stem 25—50cm high, entirely covered with short soft simple hairs, with aninfinitesimal admixture of glandular and inflated hairs, rather densely leafy; petioles pilose; leaves rounded-cordate or rounded-reniform, with obtuse or subobtuse broad-elliptic or lanceolate teeth, deeply cordate, dissected to four-fifths into 3 lobes, with almost converging margins; middle lobe broad-rhombic, cleft into 3 lobules, the middle lobule tridentate, the lateral bidentate; lateral lobes sometimes slightly overlapping the middle lobe, dissected to below the middle into 2—3 lobes of the second order, the upper resembling the middle lobe of the first order; leaf pubescence slightly developed, mainly along margins and veins; axis of the simple short raceme pubescent like the stem; pedicels very densely pubescent, almost exclusively with slender simple hairs of unequal length; bracteoles linear, 4—6mm long, pilose; pedicels bright blue; tepals ovate or ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, (1.3)1.5—2(2.2) cm long, 5—9cm broad, with few spreading white hairs on the outside and at the margins; spur horizontal with a more or less curved tip or almost straight, 1.2—1.8cm long. July—August. (Plate X, Figure 5). Meadows and shrub thickets in river valleys.— E.Siberia: Lena-Kol. (lower reaches of the Lena); Far East: Okh. Endemic. Described from the vicinity of Ayan. Type in Leningrad. 40. D.cryophilum Nevski, sp.nova in Addenda VI, p.553.—D. elatum Ween ibiabiee e300, (Solaliwiasay fie lasbie Sybian al De olallS wa aveie)o). Perennial; stem 20—65cm high, to 7.5mm thick at base, hispid throughout its length, with slightly reclinate rather dense short (1.5mm) hairs below and rather sparse long (2.75mm) hairs in the upper half; petioles and leaf blade (the latter especially beneath) hispid, the blade rounded-cordate, dissected to five-sixths into 3 lobes, the middle lobe rhombic, cleft to the middle into 3 lobules, the middle lobule with 3—5 conical-lanceolate, rather obtusely acuminate teeth, the middle tooth larger, the lateral lobules with 2—4 unequal teeth; lateral lobes of the leaf blade separated from the middle lobe by large lacunae, dissected to between two-thirds and three-fourths into 2—3 lobes of the second order, the upper resembling the middle lobe of the first order; raceme simple, rather dense, to 20cm long, with rather numerous violet-blue flowers; floral axis with sparse setose hairs, 3mm long; pedicels slightly spreading, 1—4cm long, rather sparsely beset with 2—2.25mm long spreading hairs covering the entire plant, but lacking hairs of a different kind; bracteoles near flower, linear-subulate, ca. 5mm long, ca. 0.4—0.5mm broad; tepals glabrate, with few setose hairs on the outside near the apex, ovate, 1.2—1.5cm long, 0.4—0.65cm broad, obtuse; spur subhorizontal, ca. 1.3-1.4cm long. August. Argillaceous herb-covered slopes in the tundra.— Arctic: Arc. Eur. Endemic. Described from Kolguev Island. Type in Leningrad. Series 14. Elata Nevski. — Stems very tall, without or almost without hairs, sometimes with short utricularly inflated yellowish hairs confined 114 148 to the inflorescence; leaves not cuneate and not tapering into petiole, dissected to below the middle into rhombic lobes with acute terminal teeth; flowers not large, blue; spur usually as long as the tepals; follicles 3, glabrous; seeds with narrow-winged ribs, smooth on the sides. 41. D.elatum L., Sp. pl. (1753) 531; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 63, pro parte; Wares.) Fl-“hate.-dals4i; 675; Kryl:,°F1: Zap. Sib... V, 1141.— D.palma- tifidum DC., Syst. nat. 1 (1818) 358.— D. glabellum Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. X (1837) 56, nomen.— D. alpinum Huth, Monogr., (1895) 405, pro parte.— D. discolor Fischer in Sweet, Hort. Brit. ed. II (1830) 9, nomen.— Ic.: Schlecht., Lang. et Schenk, Fl. Deutschl. ed. 5, XI, tab. 1078 (1882); Syreishchikov, 1. Fl. Mosk. gub. II (1907) p.139, fig. sinistr.— Exs.: Fl. exs. austro-hung. No. 2904. Perennial— stem 80—200cm (some authors, to 400 cm) high, hollow, glabrous or with sparse reclinate hairs in lower part; axis of inflorescence as well as pedicels, bracteoles, and outer surface of tepals quite glabrous or the inflorescence with short yellowish utricularly inflated hairs; leaves usually orbicular or rounded-cordate in their general outline, deeply cordate, with convergent outer lobes, glabrous or else pilose at margins and along veins (but usually only beneath), usually 8-9cm long, 15-16 cm broad; leaf blade dissected to four-fifths or slightly deeper into 3 lobes, the middle lobe oblong-rhombic, its upper half incised into large unequally acuminate teeth; lateral lobes broadly dissected to two-thirds into 2—3 rhombic lobes of the second order, the 1—2 upper on each side resembling the middle lobe of the first order, the outer smaller and irregular; petioles of middle and lower leaves 3—15cm, about as long as or 1.5—2 times as long as the blade, mostly glabrous or sparsely hispid; raceme not dense, simple, or branched in lower part; bracts narrow-linear entire, only those of lower flowers sometimes larger and incised; bracteoles linear-subulate or linear-filiform, 5-7mm long, 0.33mm broad, close to flower; tepals 1.1—1.3(1.5)cm long, ovate or elliptic. July-August. (Plate X, Figure 3). Rather sparse, mixed, and birch-and-aspen forests, margins and clearings, forest ravines, meadows with tall herbaceous vegetation, and shrubs in river valleys.— European part: Kar.-Lap., Dv.-Pech., Lad.-Im., U.V., V.-Kama, V.-Don; W.Siberia: Ob, Irt., Alt.; E.Siberia: Ang.-Say., Dau. Lena-Kol.; Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb., T. Sh. (E.). Gen. distr.: mountains of Centr. Eur., N. Mong. Described from Siberia. Type in London. Series 15. Cuneata Nevski.— Stems tall, more or less densely covered with simple hairs; leaves cuneate, tapering into petiole, dissected to below the middle into lobes; flowers numerous, in a dense, simple or basally branched raceme, not large, blue; spur usually as long as the tepals. Bracteoles of varying shape; follicles 3, glabrous or pilose. 42. D.cuneatum Stev. ex DC., Syst. nat. I (1818) 359.-D. cuneatum B puablifterum! BC. lic.) 546)—D.acranicum Fisch., ined: — D.elatum y Ldb., Fl. Ross. I (1842) 64.— D.elatum var. cuneatum Schmalh., Fl. I (1895) 29.- D.pubiflorum Huthin Engler, Bot. Jahr- biich. XX (1895) 417, non Turcz.— D. Englerianum Huth, l.c., 418, 115 (149) PLATE X. 1 —Delphinium cuneatum Stev.; 2—D.retropilosum (Huth) Sambuk: a) leaf, b) part of stem with base of petiole.—3 —D.elatum L.; 4—D.crassifolium Schrad.; 5 —D.ochotense Nevski; 6 —D.triste Fisch.; 7 —D.dictyocarpum DC.; 8—D.cheilanthum Fisch.; a) leaf, b) part of stem with base of petiole. 116 151 152 pro parte.— D.duhmbergii Huth, l.c., 402, pro parte.— D. rossicum Litw. in P. Majevski, Fl. Sr. Ross., ed. V (1917) 24, non Rouy.— D.centrorossicum Litw. ex Sambuk. in Journ. Soc. Bot. Russ. XIV (1929) 423, nomen.— D.litwinowi Sambuk, l.c., 421.—Ic.: Sambuk, l.c., fig.2; Delessert, Ic. pl. I (1820), tab.61.— Exs.: HFR No. 702. Perennial; stem 50—120cm high, more or less ribbed, reddish violet, glabrate or with few spreading white hairs below, with a short soft appressed pubescence below the raceme and on the floral axis, rarely stem glabrous, leafy up to the bracts; leaves rounded-reniform, cuneate (especially the upper), appressed-pubescent mainly at the margins and along the veins, dissected almost to base into 3 lobes, the middle lobe rhombic and dissected to the middle or slightly deeper into 3 lobules, the middle lobule terminating in 3 linear or linear-lanceolate acuminate segments and sometimes with 1—2 lateral denticles, the lateral lobules terminating in 2 linear-lanceolate segments, these, too, sometimes with 1—2 lateral denticles; lateral lobes of the leaf blade dissected into 2—4 lobes of the second order, resembling the middle lobe of the first order; petioles mostly ciliate-pilose, scarcely broadened proximally; lower bracts entire, sometimes tripartite; pedicels densely appressed-pubescent, rarely glabrous; bracteoles ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate or ovate or else linear, 5—7mm long, to 2.5mm broad; tepals densely pubescent, rarely glabrous on the outside, ovate, 1.2—1.5cm long, ca. 0.8—0.9cm broad, obtuse; spur 1.3—1.4cm long, 3mm wide proximally, rather obtusely pointed and more or less recurved near the tip; follicles appressed-pubescent or glabrous. July—August. (Plate X, Figure lps Forest margins transformed into steppe and steppe slopes with shrubs. — European part: U.V. (Oka), V.-Don, L.Don, Transv., M. Dnp. Endemic. Described from the vicinity of Krasnoarmeisk ([formerly] Sarepta). Type in Helsinki? Cotypes in Geneva and Leningrad. Note. A study of the extensive material of this species provided by De Candolle raises serious doubts as to the validity of the division into pubescent and nonpubescent forms. De Candolle rendered Steven a disservice in referring a garden plant without pubescence to his species; indeed, he admitted his error in a note in the Addenda, where he states that the plant provided by Steven and growing wild around Sarepta near the Volga differs from the garden specimens by a dense velutinous pubescence on its pedicels, bracteoles, outer surface of tepals, and young follicles. He recorded itas D.cuneatum B pubiflorum. Thus there is no doubt that D. cuneatum,as used by Steven,is identical with D.rossicum Litw. The publication of the latter, as well as the description of D.lit- winowi Sambuk, leads us to the conclusion that an unfortunate misunder- standing occurred. In any case, even if the hairless form of D.cunea- tum is recognized as a separate species,the name D.cuneatum must be retained for D.1litwinowi and a new name proposed for the glabrous form (D.elatum var. transchelii Litw.). It appears that D. cunea- tum is also identical with D.kiovense Bess. (ex Nym., Consp. 20). 43. D.retropilosum (Huth) Sambuk in Journ, Soc. Bot. Russ. XIV (1929) 418.—D.duhmbergii var. retropilosum Huthin Engler, Bot. Jahrbuch. XX (1895) 402.—D.pterospermum Turcz., ined.-— Ic.: Sambuk, l.c. fig. 1. 117 153 Perennial; stems 65—80cm high, more or less intensely purple-violet and strongly ribbed, in lower part or throughout their length (including raceme densely covered with 2—3mm_-long rigid spreading recurved hairs, densely leafy; petioles hispid, not broadened at base, those of middle and lower leaves as long as or slightly longer than the blade; leaf blade rounded-reniform or rounded-cordate, more or less cuneate, 3—8cm long, 4—12cm broad, dissected almost to base into 3 lobes, the middle lobe oblong- rhombic, dissected almost to the middle into 3 lobules, the middle lobule apically tridentate, with lanceolate or linear-lanceolate teeth, the middle tooth longer and larger, the lateral lobules apically bidentate, with dissimilar teeth; lateral lobes of the leaf blade dissected to considerably below the middle into 2—3 rhombic lobes of the second order, resembling the middle lobe of the first order, the leaf being palmatisect; leaf margins and veins (the latter mainly on underside of leaves) with long rigid hairs. Raceme many-flowered, simple or more or less branched at base, narrow; bracts mostly entire, ciliate-margined, lanceolate; bracteoles ovate or ovate- lanceolate, often blue, subobtuse, 5-9mm long, 2.5—5mm broad, ciliate- margined, close to flower; tepals glabrous, more or less hairy only at upper margin, ovate, 1—1.2cm long, 0.5—0.8cm broad, obtuse; spur sub- horizontal, 9-11 cm long, ca. 2mm wide with a recurved obtusely pointed tip; follicles 3, (8)11—15(17)mm long, glabrous, reticulate; seeds trigonous, with narrow membranes on the ribs. July—August. (Plate X, Figure 2). Forests, floodland and steppe meadows, sparse insular birch groves, and more rarely pinewoods.— W.Siberia: Irt., Ob; E.Siberia: Ang.-Say. (W.). Endemic. Described from the area between the village of Borovyanka and Vasina in the former Kuznetsk County. Type in Leningrad. 44, D.villosum Stev.,ex DC. Syst. nat. I (1818) 546, non Huth, Monogr., 411 — DP ieaehiay Ngschipez ainehenor Perennial; stem to 100—120cm high, usually glabrous, the inflorescence axis with right-angled or almost right-angled spreading simple setose hairs; petioles with few setose hairs; leaves asin D.cuneatum but often larger and with broader lobes, with hairs along margins and along the veins beneath; raceme loose, slightly branched at base; bracts linear, entire, or the lower tripartite, hispid; pedicels hispid, with right-angled spreading white hairs, such hairs also covering the bracteoles and the outside of the tepals; bracteoles linear-subulate or linear-filiform, 5—6mm long, ca. 0.75mm broad; tepals ovate obtuse, ca. 1.3-1.4cm long; spur 1.5—1.9cm long, ca. 3—3.25mm wide, obliquely ascending or subhorizontal, straight; follicles 3,densely pilose when young. July. Wooded slopes in river valleys. — Furopean part: U.V. (near the village of Krasnoe in the former Rybinsk County). Endemic. Described from cultivated specimens. Type in Helsinki? Cotype in Geneva. Series 16. Crassifolia Nevski.— Plants with a pubescence of rigid setose simple, usually very well developed hairs; leaves concentrated at base or in lower part of stem, with rigid appressed hairs over entire length, not cuneate and not tapering into petiole, dissected to below the middle into lobes; flowers not large, violet -blue or dingy violet, the spur as longas or slightly longer, rarely shorter thanthetepals; bracteoles linear or lanceolate; follicles 3, glabrous or pilose. 118 154 45. D.korshinskyanum Nevski, sp. nova in Addenda VI, p.553.— D.elatum Korsh. in A.H.P. XII, p.299,non L. Perennial; stem 55—125cm high, to 8mm thick at base, green, with small violet spots, covered below and in middle part with very dense long setose slightly reclinate rigid white hairs 2.5—3mm long, upper part of stem below inflorescence glabrous; inflorescence axis glabrous or with sparse white bristles; petioles hispid, slightly broadened at base; leaves rounded- cordate, appressed-pilose above, with long setose hairs, mainly along the veins, beneath, dissected to considerably below the middle into 3 lobes, the middle lobe rhombic, dissected to the middle into 3 lobules, the middle lobule rhombic, cleft into 3 unequally dentate segments (the middle one tridentate, the lateral bidentate), the 2 lateral lobules cleft into two 2—3- toothed segments; lateral lobes of the leaf blade dissected to below the middle into 3 lobes of the second order, resembling the middle lobe of the first order; inflorescence a simple or proximally slightly branched raceme; flowers dark blue, bracts linear, more or less ciliate-pilose- margined, shorter than the glabrous pedicels; pedicels of lower flowers to 4—4.5cm, those of upper flowers 1—1.2cm; bracteoles linear or linear- lanceolate, often colored, close to flower, acuminate, with more or less numerous long cilia at the margin; tepals ovate, 1.1—1.4cm long and 0.4—0.7cm broad, obtuse; spur subhorizontal, glabrous or hispid, 1.3-1.5cm long, 3mm wide proximally, acuminate, usually curved upward but not downward; follicles reticulate glabrous, 1.3-—1.4cm long. July. Meadows among shrub thickets on river banks.— Far East: Ze.-Bu. Gen. distr.: Manchuria (Heilungkiang Province). Described from the vicinity of the village of Ivanovskoe between the Zeya and Bureya rivers. Type in Leningrad. Note. This species appear to be a connecting link between the groups Dwectcrassifioliuvm and! D.retropilosum.» From the,former,it.is distinguished by the disposition of the leaves on the lower half of stem, and their concentration at its base. From the latter, it differs in that the stem is not evenly leafy up to the inflorescence, and that the leaves are not hispid above nor cuneate. F.V.Sambuk, in his herbarium, stated it to be closely related to D. retropilosum, but without proposing a name. 46. D.crassifolium Schrad.,ex Spreng., Gesch. Bot. II (1818) 201; Huth, Monogr., 401, pro parte.— D.crassicaule Ldb., Fl. Ross. I (1842) 62.— D. strictum Lessing, ined.—Ic.: Gmelin, Fl. Sib. IV (1769), tab. 79. Perennial; stems cylindric, 30—75cm high, more or less violet, covered throughout their length with long (2mm long) white more or less reclinate hairs; leaves almost all concentrated at base of stem, with long hispid petioles; leaf blade rounded-cordate or rounded-reniform or suborbicular, with a rather sparse pubescence of appressed hairs on both surfaces, dissected to about three-fourths of their length into 3 lobes, the middle lobe obovate, cleft to one-third into 3 lobules, the middle lobule terminating in 3 lanceolate-elliptic teeth, the lateral each with 2—3 unequal teeth; lateral lobes of the leaf blade broad, dissected to below the middle into 2—3 lobes of the second order, the upper resembling the middle lobe of the first order, the terminal teeth rather obtusely acuminate or very slightly attenuate; raceme narrow and simple, with erect, scarcely declinate, glabrous or hispid 119 155 pedicels longer than the linear, rarely bracts tripartite; bracteoles linear, 5—-7mm long,ca. 0.5mm broad, glabrous or with rigid hairs, more or less removed from flower; flowers violet or dark blue-violet; tepals ovate subobtuse, 1.2—-1.5cm long, 0.5—0.6cm broad, glabrous or with spreading hairs on the outside, glabrous on the inside, margins sometimes sparsely ciliate; spur 1.4-1.8cm long, (3—(3.5) mm wide proximally, subhorizontal, with a rather obtusely pointed recurved tip; follicles glabrous. July. (Plate X, Figure 4). Forest margins, forest meadows, and shrub thickets.— E. Siberia: Ang.- Say., Dau., Lena-Kol. Gen. distr.: N. Mong. Described from Siberia. Note. In Sprengel's work (1.c.) only a nomen nudum is given for this species,but since this is accompanied by a reference to an illustration in Gmelin's work, the publication of this species is justified. 47. D.iliense Huth in Engler., Bot. Jahrbtich. XX (1895) 402.— D.duhmbergii Huth in Bull. Herb. Boiss. I (1893) 330 et in l.c., pro parte.— D.turkestanicum Huth, Monogr. (1895) 1.c., 420 pro pte.— D.engslerianum Huth; iic., 413, prolpte- Perennial; stem 25—90cm high, strongly ribbed, throughout its length (but more densely below) covered with long rigid recurved white hairs ca. 2—2.5mm long, no other hairs present; leaves almost entirely concentrated at base of stem; petioles long, hispid; leaves flat, cordate or rounded- cordate, covered above with usually few thickish white appressed setose hairs directed toward apices of lobes, and covered beneath with a similar, but spreading indumentum, the blades dissected to below the middle into 3 lobes which do not overlap at the margins, the middle lobe obovate or subrhombic, shallowly cleft into 3 lobules, the middle lobule with 4—6 small rounded-elliptic subobtuse, very slightly apically attenuate teeth, the middle tooth larger than the others; lateral lobes of the leaf blade broad, divided to the middle into 2 lobes of the second order that resemble the middle lobe of the first order; leaves similar in shape to small leaves of the genus Vitis; raceme simple and narrow, pedicels glabrous or hispid, 1.5-—3cm long, more or less appressed to axis of inflorescence; bracteoles close to flower or slightly removed, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, rather obtusely acuminate, 5—10mm long, to 3mm broad, with long rigid cilia along the margins, rarely on the dorsal surface; flowers blue-violet or violet; tepals glabrous or more or less densely covered on the outside with short stout white hairs, glabrous or glabrate on the inside, ovate or broad-ovate, 1.2— 1.4cm long, 0.6—0.8(1)cm broad, obtuse; spur 1.2—-1.3cm long, ical. 2255 2.75mm thick, subhorizontal, rather obtusely pointed and slightly recurved near tip; follicles slightly or sparsely pilose. June—August. (Plate Ix, Figure 6). Mountain meadows.— Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb., T. Sh. (Bb Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash. Described from the Muzart Pass. Type in Leningrad. Note. It seems that Delphinium winklerianum Huth (1.c., p. 419) from Kashgaria must also be considered a synonym of this species. 48. D.corymbosum Rgl. in A.H.P. VII (1880) 547; Huth, Monogr., 409 (excl. var. 8).— D. umbellatum Rgl. in sched.-— Ic.: Rgl., Gartenfl. tab. 1059.— Russian name: zhivokost! retristaya [branched]. 120 156 157 Perennial; stems 15—65cm high, cylindric, throughout their length densely covered with only recurved, long (ca. 1.5—2mm) rigid hairs; leaves almost entirely concentrated at base of stem, rounded-cordate, dissected to the middle into 3 lobes, the middle lobe obovate or broad-obovate, in the lower leaves obtuse, shallowly cleft into 3 unequally dentate lobules; lateral lobes transversely elliptic and cleft almost to the middle into 2 lobes of the second order resembling the middle lobe of the first order; leaf blade covered above with appressed setose hairs directed toward apexes of lobules, hispid beneath, mainly along the veins, with spreading hairs; petioles hispid, inflorescence thyrsoid, many-flowered, rarely depleted, with 5—6 flowers, almost umbelliform; flowers dingy pale violet; pedicels, bracts, and bracteoles hispid, the latter linear or narrow-lanceolate, acuminate, 5-7mm long,ca. 1—2mm broad, close to flower; tepals with long hairs on the outside, glabrous on the inside, 1.3—1.7cm long, 0.6—1cm broad, ovate obtuse; spur 1.2cm long, subhorizontal, with a recurved tip; follicles densely pilose. July—August. Mountain meadow slopes.— Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb. Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash. Described from specimens grown from seeds collected by A. Regel, apparently in the Kuldja area. Type in Leningrad. Series 17. Latibracteata Nevki.— Tall plants with a more or less developed indumentum of setose hairs; leaves not cuneate and not tapering into petiole, dissected to below the middle into lobes; flowers not large, blue-violet, the spur longer than the tepals; bracteoles elliptic, close to bracts; follicles 3, spreading -pilose or glabrous. 49. D.maackianum Rgl. in Mém. Acad. Pétersb. sér 7, IV (1861) 9; Huth, Monogr., 400.— Ic.: Rgl., Gartenfl. X (1861) tab. 344; Trans. Russ. Hort. Soc. 1861, tab.70; Kom. and Alis., Opred. rast. Dal'nevost. kr. I (1931) tab. 162. Perennial; stem 55—80cm high, cylindric, densely covered throughout its length with long reclinate setose hairs, or else glabrous and smooth to inflorescence; inflorescence axis with an extremely dense pubescence of right-angled spreading short setose hairs; leaves dissected throughout, rounded-reniform, cordate, usually 6-—8cm long, 11--16cm broad, extremely densely appressed-hispid and scabrous or rarely glabrate on both surfaces, dissected to two-thirds into 3 lobes, the middle lobe obovate or rhombic~- obovate, cleft to one-third into 3 oval lobules, the middle lobule with 7—9 marginal elliptic-lanceolate, rather obtusely acuminate teeth (the terminal tooth longer than the others), the middle lobules unequally 5—9-toothed at the margin; lateral lobes of the leaf blade dissected to about the middle into 2—3 lobes of the second order, the upper resembling the middle lobe of the first order; petioles hispid, rarely glabrous, broadened at base; raceme branched at base or simple, with arcuately ascending pedicels, 1.5-—2.7cm long; bracts broad-elliptic or elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, glabrous, rarely pilose, 3-9mm long, 2.5—5mm broad, brown-purple, considerably shorter than the pedicels; bracteoles concolor with bracts, usually glabrous, to 5mm long,to 3mm broad; tepals more or less short- pilose on the outside, ovate or broad-ovate, 1—1.5cm long, 0.6—1cm broad; spur subhorizontal, 1.5—2cm long, to 2.5—3mm wide with a rather obtusely pointed recurved tip. July—August. 121 158 Oakwoods and shrub thickets (the densely pubescent form, var. lasio- carpum Rgl.) or meadows (the form with slightly developed pubescence and glabrous follicles, var. ussuriense Rel.)> = Mar Base: esse Gen. distr.: Manchuria. Described from the Sungacha River valley. Type in Leningrad. Series 18. Dissecta Nevski.— Plants with a more or less dense short pubescence of simple hairs; leaves very deeply dissected (almost to base), not tapering into petiole; flowers brown with a purple tinge or blue, on declinate pedicels; spur about half as long as tepals, rarely longer; bracteoles of varying shape; follicles 3, densely pilose or glabrous. 20.) D. triste Fisch. ex D@i, Syst. nat; 1) (0818) 3623. 4.db:, KleyRossaee bose Turezi; Fl... baic.cdahsGs16) >) Di olbis:culr umpteen jie DiGarplanes (nomen).— D. lepidum Fisch. et Lall. in Ind. sem: Hort! Petromaies (1842) 70, var.?—Ic.: Flora, Cab.Il, tab. 54. Perennial; stem 30—70cm high, with a rather sparse pubescence of appressed simple hairs; leaves with long appressed-pubescent petioles, pilose above and beneath (but more strongly beneath), dissected to base or almost to base into 3 lobes, the middle lobe broad-rhombic, dissected to below the middle into 3—5 lobules, the terminal lobule with 3 segments pinnately incised into linear-lanceolate teeth, rarely entire, the lateral lobules also usually pinnately incised; lateral lobes of the leaf dissected almost to base into 2—3 rhombic lobes of the second order resembling the middle lobes of the first order; leaf blade rounded-cordate or rounded- reniform in general outline; raceme very loose, usually many-flowered; bracts linear, sometimes the lowermost dissected, shorter than the pedicels; pedicels densely covered with white flexuous simple hairs, declinate, 1.5—4cm; bracteoles close to flower, pilose, linear-lanceolate or lanceolate or ovate, 5—7mm long, 1.5—2.5mm broad, rather obtusely acuminate; flowers brown with a slight purple tinge; tepals with dense long white hairs on both surfaces, ovate or oblong-ovate, obtuse, 1.6—2cm long, 0.6—0.7cm broad; spur 1—1.3cm long, 2.75mm wide proximally, with an obtusely pointed, more or less recurved tip; nectaries and staminodes black-brown, follicles 1.5cm long, with extremely dense spreading hairs. July. (Plate X, Figure 6). Steppe slopes and forest margins turned steppe.— E.Siberia: Ang.-Say. (SE), Dau. (SW). Gen. distr.: Mong. (Lake Khubsugul area and north of Urga [Ulan Bator]. Described from the vicinity of Doroninsk in Dauria. Type in Leningrad; cotype in Geneva. Section 2, KOLOBOPETALA Huth in Engler, Bot. Jahrbtich. XX (1 895) 458, emend.— Nectaries and staminodes light-colored, usually concolor with tepals, not black-brown; limb of staminodes entire or cleft into 2 obtuse lobes, more or less white-ciliate-margined, with a proximal tuft of yellowish hairs above; flowers in blue and azure hues: petioles not broadened or scarcely broadened proximally; roots not tuberously thickened. 122 159 Series 1. Dictyocarpa Nevski.— Limb (lamina) of staminodes 4—6(7)mm long, 3—4(5)mm broad, oblong-ovate, deeply incised. Plants with a more or less developed pubescence of simple hairs or glabrate. 51. D.laxiflorum DC., Syst. nat. I (1818) 360; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 63: Krys? Pi Zap. sib..V,.s0/—'Dpiamoenum (Stev: ex Dew Ivct 516. Perennial; stem 35—75cm high, in lower part covered with rather long reclinate hairs,in upper part glabrous to inflorescence; axis of inflorescence, pedicels, and sometimes upper part of stem almost always [sic!] densely pubescent with short curved appressed simple hairs; petioles with long white hairs at the margins; leaf blade appressed-pilose above and beneath (more strongly beneath, especially along the veins), rounded- cordate or rounded-reniform, dissected as in D.dictyocarpum; flowers dark blue, usually in loose few-flowered racemes, near tip of stem, sometimes also on 2 or 3 remote shortish branches; bracteoles linear- subulate or linear-filiform, appressed-pubescent, slightly removed from flower, 5—7mm long, 0.4—0.5mm broad; tepals with appressed short pubescence on the outside, 1.6—2cm long, 0.8-—1.2cm broad, ovate obtuse; spur horizontal, 1.5—2cm long,ca. 3mm wide proximally; staminodes and nectaries azure; follicles 3, appressed, almost tomentose-pubescent, rarely glabrous. June—July. Steppe meadows, gravelly and stony slopes.— W.Siberia: Alt., Irt. (vicinity of Omsk). Endemic. Described from Siberia. Type in Geneva. Note. The key characters distinguishing this species from D.dictyo- carpum are length of the spur and dimensions of flowers. The pubescence of the follicles is similar in the two species. 52. D.dictyocarpum DC., Syst. nat. I1(1818) 360; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, Ga, aenyt.:, Pils Maps Sib Vv, 1136s—)D - dictyocarpum' var. glaber rimum Trautv. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXIII, 1 (1860) 81.— D.ciliatum B dictyocarpum Huth, Monogr. 404, pro parte. Perennial; stem 60—100cm high, quite glabrous throughout its length or rather sparsely covered in lower part with long distant hairs, ribbed; petioles glabrous or with long setose hairs at the margins, mainly near base of blade; the blade rounded-cordate or rounded-reniform, slightly cordate or very slightly cuneate, glabrous or with long white hairs beneath, along the veins and at the margins, palmately dissected to considerably below the middle into 5—7 rhombic or broad-rhombic lobes, the middle lobe separated at base more deeply than the 4—6 lateral lobes, these being in fact lobes of the second order, the middle lobe unequally pinnatifid, with lanceolate acuminate terminal sections; lateral lobes resembling the middle lobe; raceme simple or branched at base, dense or rather dense, with very numerous flowers; raceme axis glabrous; bracts linear, glabrous, rarely with few white hairs; pedicels slightly declinate, slender, glabrous, 1—2.5cm; bracteoles linear-subulate, quite glabrous, very rarely with extremely few cilia, close to flower, 2—6mm long,ca. 0.5mm broad; tepals blue or dark blue, glabrous, ovate subobtuse, 1.2—1.6(1.8)cm long, 0.7—1.1 cm broad; spur horizontal, more or less rugose, glabrous, 1—1.2cm long,ca. 2.75mm wide proximally, with a rather obtusely pointed recurved tip; nectaries and staminodes azure or whitish; follicles 3, glabrous or ciliate in upper part along the sutures, reticulate,ca. 1.2cm long. June— August. (Plate X, Figure 7). 123 160 Steppe and dry-valley meadows, rarely steppe shrub thickets. — European part: Transv., V.-Kama (S? Urails);|W. Siberiag .U)fob., -tcte: eles Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb. Endemic. Described from Siberia. Type in Geneva. 53. D.uralense Nevski, sp. nova in Addenda VI, p.554.—D. dictyo- carpum var. canescens Korsh., Tent. fl. Ross. Or. (1898) 18. Perennial; entire plant — stem, leaves, axis of inflorescence, pedicels, and petioles — covered with a gray velutinous tomentum of extremely short (only in lower part of stem slightly longer) appressed hairs; stem 55—110cm high, ribbed in lower half; leaves rounded-cordate or rounded- reniform, 3.5—7cm long, 5.5—-12cm broad, dissected to considerably below the middle and almost to the base into 3 very disjointed lobes (dissection terminating 3—9mm from base of blade), the middle lobe oblong-rhombic, dissected almost to the middle into 3 lobules, the middle lobule incised into 3 linear-lanceolate rather obtusely acuminate teeth, the middle tooth large, the lateral smaller, the lateral lobules usually bidentate, the upper tooth longer and larger; lateral lobes of the leaf blade dissected to below the middle into 2 lobes of the second order, the upper resembling the middle lobe of the first order; flowers numerous, bright blue, in a dense raceme, simple or branched in its lower part; bracteoles linear-subulate, 3.5-6mm long, ca. 0.4—0.5mm broad, densely appressed-pubescent, subtending the flower; tepals ovate obtuse, densely appressed-pubescent on the outside, 1—1.6cm long, 0.5—0.9cm broad; spur subhorizontal, rather obtusely pointed and subterminally very slightly recurved, 1.2cm long, 2—2.5mm wide; nectaries and staminodes azure-blue or more or less whitish; follicles 3, with a very dense, extremely short appressed pubescence. Steppe mountain meadows and shrub thickets. — Huropean part: S. Urals. Endemic. Described from near the village of Andreevka in the former Orenburg Province. Type in Leningrad. 94. D.cyananthum Nevski, sp. nova in Addenda VI, p.554.—D. dictyo- carpum var. pubiflorum Trautv. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXII, 1 (1860) 81. Perennial; stems 75—100cm high, glabrous throughout their length, sometimes slightly pilose at very base; petioles quite glabrous, rarely with cilia at the margins; leaf blade rounded-cordate, short-ciliate-pilose at the margin, short-pubescent along the veins beneath, glabrous above, dissected almost to the base into 5—7 broad-rhombic lobes, the middle lobe more deeply separated at base than the 4—6 lateral lobes, these being in fact lobes of the second order, the middle lobe cleft into 3—5 lobules, the middle lobule with 3 large lanceolate acuminate teeth (the middle tooth particularly large), the lateral with 1—2 unequal teeth; lateral lobes of the leaf blade of the second order resembling the middle lobe of the first order; raceme many-flowered, extremely dense, usually branched at base; pedicels short (usually ca. 1cm), with a dense pubescence of simple, more or less crisp, appressed hairs; bracteoles linear-subulate, sometimes almost linear-lanceolate, close to flower, densely pubescent, 1.5—5 mm long, ca. 0.5—1mm broad; flowers bright blue or azure; tepals with a dense appressed pubescence of simple hairs on the outside, ovate obtuse, 1—1.1cm 124 long, 0.4—0.8cm broad; spur also pubescent, horizontal or subhorizontal, 161 1.1—1.3cm long,ca. 3mm wide proximally; nectaries and staminodes 162 blue; follicles 3, very densely covered with semiappressed simple hairs. June—August. Steppe mountain meadows.— W.Siberia: Alt.; Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb. Endemic. Described from the Tentek River area. Type in Leningrad. Series 2. Aemulantia Nevski.— Limb (lamina) of staminodes 4—6(7)mm long, 3—4(5)mm broad, oblong-ovate, deeply incised; inflorescence with a yellowish glandular pubescence. 55. D.aemulans Nevski, sp. nova in Addenda VI, p.554. Perennial; stems 80—100cm high, to 8mm thick at base, slightly ribbed, in lower part slightly violet-colored and more or less densely covered with spreading retrorse white setose hairs, in upper part glabrous and smooth almost to the inflorescence; stem right below the inflorescence, axis of inflorescence and pedicels with a very dense glandular pubescence of right-angled spreading short yellowish glandular hairs, some of these utricularly broadened at base; leaves similar to those of D.dictyo- carpum; petioles quite glabrous (those of upper leaves) or ciliate- margined; leaf blade glabrous, rounded-reniform, truncate or very slightly cuneate, in lower leaves rarely slightly cordate, palmately dissected almost to base into 5—7 linear-rhombic lobes, the middle lobe more deeply separated than the 4—6 lateral lobes, these being in fact lobes of the second order, the middle lobe pinnatifid, the terminal lobule linear-lanceolate, usually tridentate-tipped (the teeth linear or linear-lanceolate, acuminate, the middle tooth considerably longer than the lateral, the lateral lobules recurved at base of terminal lobule, the latter cleft on each side into 3 acuminate linear toothlike segments diminishing toward base; lateral lobes of the second order resembling the middle lobe of the first order; raceme with very numerous flowers dense, branched at base; pedicels slightly spreading, 1—2cm; bracts linear-filiform, densely glandular-pubescent, close to flower, 6—10mm long, 0.5mm broad; flowers dark blue; spur with a violet tinge; tepals and spur with few right-angled spreading short mostly glandular hairs onthe outside; tepals ovate obtuse, ca. 1 cm long, to 0.75cm broad; spur horizontal, 1.2—1.3cm long, 1.5—1.75mm wide, with a rather obtusely pointed recurved tip; nectaries and staminodes blue or azure; follicles 3,extremely densely covered with spreading glandular and yellowish hairs. July—August. Shrub thickets on mountain slopes.— Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb. Endemic. Described from the Monrakskie Mountains near the city of Zaisan. Type in Leningrad. 56. D.altaicum Nevski, sp. nova in Addenda VI, p.555. Perennial; stems 80—100cm high, at base slightly violet-colored and with short, more or less appressed hairs, in middle part usually glabrous, in upper part slightly pubescent; axis of inflorescence and pedicels with very dense, short spreading hairs; petioles glabrous or scarcely pilose; leaf blade glabrous or glabrate above, short-pubescent along the veins 125 163 beneath, rounded-cordate or very slightly cuneate, palmately dissected almost to base into 5-7 rhombic lobes, the middle lobe more deeply separated at base than the 2—3 sets of second order lateral lobes, the middle lobe unequally pinnatifid, terminating in a large, broad-lanceolate, coarsely 3-toothed lobule with sharply acuminate teeth, the middle tooth linear-lanceolate, large and long, the lateral teeth triangular-lanceolate, short; the middle lobe bearing on each side lateral, usually bidentate lobules; lateral lobes of the second order resembling the middle lobe of the first order; raceme simple, few-flowered, dense or loose; pedicels slightly squarrose, 1—2cm; bracteoles linear-filiform, 4—7 mm long, ca. 0.5mm broad, densely glandular-pubescent, close to flower; flowers dark blue; spur with a more or less pronounced violet tinge; tepals and spur with few right-angled spreading short mostly glandular hairs on the outside; tepals ovate or elliptic-ovate, obtuse, 1.2—1.3cm long, to 0.75mm broad; spur horizontal, 1.5—1.9cm long to 2.5 mm wide, with a rather obtusely pointed recurved tip; nectaries and staminodes blue; follicles 3, very densely covered with spreading more or less glandular-pilose hairs. August. Shrub thickets on mountain slopes.— W.Siberia: Alt. Endemic. Described from the Lake Marka-kul' area. Type in Leningrad. Series 3. Cheilantha Nevski.— Limb (lamina) of staminodes (6)8—10mm long, (5)6—8(9)mm broad, rounded-ovate, entire and apically more or less crenate-margined, rarely incised; stems not branched, raceme simple. 57. D.cheilanthum Fisch.,ex DC., Syst. nat. I (1818) 352; Ldb., Fl. Ross: 1,60; Huth, Monogr., 466;—' D. dahunicum Bess), Cataleialeaae bot. Cremenec. Supplem. III (1814) 9, non Georgi.— D. sylvaticum Turez,, vexs.. a. 182. = De panvitlorunniiurez. in BullessocaiNou Mosc. XV (1842) 75.— D. middendorfii Trautv., Fl. taim. phan. in Middend. Sib. Reise B. 1. Th. 2 Bot. (1847) 63; Huth, l.c., 470.—Ic.: Gmelin, Fl. Sib. IV, tab. 76; Bot. Reg. VI, tab.473; Rgl., Gartenfl. XIII, tabe2Ziog;. si rautvan bicesatalloy le Perennial; stem (15)30—95cm high, slightly sulcate, quite glabrous and smooth throughout, sometimes with extremely few obscure short hairs confined to the very base; axis of inflorescence also glabrous and smooth; leaves grayish with an appressed short pubescence beneath, usually glabrous (rarely slightly pubescent) above, rounded-cordate or rounded-reniform, dissected to base or almost to base into 3 lobes, the middle lobe lanceolate- rhombic, dissected to the middle or deeper into 3 lobules, the middle lobule linear-lanceolate or linear, tridentate (the outer teeth short) or entire, the lateral lobules dissected into 2 unequal teeth or entire linear; lateral lobes of the blade dissected into 2—3 lobes each, the middle and upper adjacent to the middle lobe of the first order and resembling it, the outer, facing the petiole on one side, with 2 bidentate, lanceolate or entire linear lobules: uppermost cauline leaves and lower bracts usually dissected into 3 entire linear lobes; petioles long, almost completely glabrous; pedicels usually more or less short-pubescent distally above the bracteoles, smooth below them, 1—3cm; bracteoles more or less removed from flower, linear- subulate, 2.5—-5mm long, pubescent; tepals blue, short-pubescent, ovate or 126 164 ovate-lanceolate or elliptic, obtuse, 1.5—2.2(2.5)cm long, 0.5—1.1cm broad; spur 1—1.8cm long, 2.5—3.5mm wide proximally, horizontal, with an obtusely acuminate slightly recurved tip; nectaries blue, the tips of their laminae violet bluish; staminodes usually with a conspicuous violet hue, violet-blue; follicles 3, ca. 2cm long, minutely appressed-pubescent, rarely glabrous. July. (Plate X, Figure 8). Meadows and shrub thickets in river valleys, meadow slopes in the alpine zone, and tundra.— Arctic: Arc. Sib.; E.Siberia: Ang.-Say., Dau., Lena- KG; ¢Far Easte(Ze.-Buy; (Centr. Asia? \Dzu:cTarb:; Gen. distr.:,Mong. (N.). Described from the vicinity of Doroninsk in Dauria. Type in Leningrad; cotype in Geneva. Note. There is no justification for the recognition of D. midden- dorfii Trautv. as an independent species; indeed, Trautvetter himself subsequently refuted it. It is simply a very low-growing, arctic, high- mountain modification of D.cheilanthum Fisch. With D.brachy- centrum Ldb. the latter forms a series of species which are distinguished from D.brachycentrum by its glabrous, smooth stems, obtuse tepals, and possibly also by the color of the staminodes. 58. D.brachycentrum Ldb., Fl. Ross. I (1842) 60; Huth, Monogr. 459; Hultén, Fl. Kamtch. II, 104; Kom., Fl. Kamch. II, 120.—D.brachy- cContirum fi. fiparium ett.salipestreéesKom,,\1cec.> Dos teno- sepalum Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXVII, 4 (1854) 278.- D.maydellianum Trautv. in A.H.P. VI(1879) 7.—D. pauciflorum Rchb. ex Schlecht. in Linnaea VI (1831) 582, nomen; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 61, diagn.— Russian name: zhivokost! korotkoshportsevaya [short-spurred]. Perennial; stem 15—45(75)cm high, pubescent from base to very tip but more strongly in upper part with short appressed crisp hairs, more or less densely leafy; petioles as well as blades with a dense soft appressed pubescence, the latter almost tomentose-pubescent, especially beneath; leaf blade rounded-cordate, dissected to considerably below the middle into 3 lobes, the middle lobe rhombic, cleft to about one-third into 3 lobules, the middle lobules 3-segmented, the middle segment usually tridentate, the lateral segments toothlike, the lateral lobules unequally 3—4-toothed; lateral lobes of the leaf each dissected to below the middle into 3 lobes of the second order resembling the middle lobe of the first order; axis of inflorescence and pedicels appressed-pubescent, lower pedicels to 3—6(9) cm; flowers few, large, blue, in a loose or rather dense raceme; lower bracts leaf-shaped, the upper linear; bracteoles linear-filiform, 6—14mm long, densely pubescent, close to or slightly removed from flower; tepals usually lanceolate, acuminate or rather obtusely acuminate, with appressed hairs on the outside, glabrous on the inside, 2—3cm long, 0.7—0.8cm broad; spur horizontal, 1.4—1.5cm long, 3—3.5mm wide proximally, with a rather obtusely pointed, more or less recurved tip; nectaries whitish or else blue near the apex; staminodes pale blue; follicles 3, 1.6—1.7cm long, densely pubescent with semiappressed hairs. July—August. Waterside woods, gravels and meadow lichen tundra on mountain ridges. — Arctic: An.; E.Siberia: Lena-Kol.; Far East: Kamch. Endemic. Described from Kamchatka. Type in Leningrad. Note. Distinguished from D.cheilanthum by pubescence of stem and long acuminate tepals but not by pubescence of follicles since they are 127 165 usually pilose in both species, as evident from authentic specimens. D.maydellianum Trautv. was based ona misunderstanding as D.brachycentrum frequently has an apically dissected staminode limb. Varieties are dealt with by Komarov in Fl. Kamch. I, LAO. Wai. Series 4. Grandiflora Nevski.— Limb (lamina) of staminodes 7—-8mm long and about as broad, rounded-ovate or suborbicular or scarcely bilobate, glabrous-margined, with a basal tuft of yellowish hairs above; stem more or less branched in upper part. 59, D. grandiflorum BS Sp.) Pl.(1753) 5315 (CAM) imiidaayy ale Alt (1b, 22895 -ledb:, Fl. Ross: 1,60; 7@urcziy wie baie. qdah ga > iesan Monogr., 461; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V, 1137.— D. chinense Fiseh.vex DG@., Prodr./1 (1824) 53.— Di grandiforum 8 chinense D@Laije De pubitiorwum /turez., lve..(3, omen) lc.s Gutelin’ Ep otoeeor (1769) tab. 78; Bot. Mag. XL1 (1814) t. 1686. Perennial; stem erect, branched or rarely simple, 25—50cm high, with an appressed pubescence of small simple hairs; petioles linear, pubescent as the stem; leaf blade pilose, palmately divided to base into 5 broad-ovate lobes (only the middle lobe of the first order deeply separated), the lobes more or less regularly biternately dissected into narrow-linear acuminate longish, slightly curved sections 1.25—1.75mm broad. Flowers few, bright blue, in a loose broad raceme; lower bracts usually dissected, most often into 3 narrow-linear lobules, the upper entire, less than half as long as the pedicels, the latter 2—6.5(10)cm, appressed-pubescent; bracteoles linear- subulate, 3—6mm long,in upper half of pedicels; tepals pubescent on the outside, elliptic-ovate or elliptic-obovate, obtuse, 1.3—2.4cm long, 0.7— 1.1(1.4)em broad; spur subhorizontal, rather obtusely acuminate, slightly upcurved, 1.6—2cm long,ca. 2.5mm wide; nectaries with entire, more or less pale orange, rarely bluish apex; staminodes blue; follicles densely pilose, 1.5-1.6cem long. -June—August. Stony slopes and dry meadows in river valleys.— W.Siberia: Alt.; EF. Siberia: Ang.-Say., Dau., Lena-Kol.; Far East: Okh. (S.), Uda, Ze.- Bu., Uss. (Amur area). Gen. distr.: Mong., Jap.-Ch. (NW China, Manchuria). Described from E.Siberia. Type in London. Section 3. DIEDROPETALIA Huth in Engler, Bot. Jahrbtich. XX (1 895) 420.— Nectaries and staminodes light-colored, usually concolor with tepals, not black-brown; limb of staminodes deeply dissected into 2 or more less acuminate white-ciliate lobes, the staminodes usually not shorter than the tepals; flowers blue, violet, and other hues; petioles usually strongly broadened and inflated at base; roots often tuberously thickened. Series 1. Insignia Nevski.— Flowers few (2—4), very large, pale violet, with tepals 1.9—2.1 cm long, 1—1.3cm broad; inflorescence umbelliform, staminodes obtusely bilobate and glabrate; roots not tuberously thickened. 128 166 60. D.knorringianum B. Fedtsch. in Journ. Hortic. Soc. LXI (1936) 196. Perennial; stem 35—45cm high, spreading-pilose below, glabrous in upper half; leaves with long more or less pilose, basally broadened petioles, concentrated in lower part of stem; leaf blade rounded-reniform, palmately dissected into 5 obovate lobes, these apically cleft into 3 elliptic-lanceolate lobules terminating in a slightly thickened mucro, the lateral lobules usually shallowly cleft; stem furcately or bifurcately branched, with 2—4 flowers on very long (5—7cm) pedicels or one branch of stem terminating in one flower and the other in an umbel of 3 or 2 flowers; pedicels many times as long as the linear bracts, densely covered with more or less glandular spreading hairs in their upper part; bracteoles linear obtuse, pilose, ca. 4mm long,in upper half of pedicels, usually slightly removed from one another; tepals broadly elliptic-ovate, obtuse, slightly pubescent on the outside; spur slender and long, 2.2—2.5cm long, 2.5mm wide, terete, more or less pubescent, usually bifurcate below and at the tip; nectaries and staminodes pale violet; follicles densely pilose. June. Stony mountain slopes.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. (E.). Endemic. Described from the Ak-bura River gorge in the Osh area. Type in Leningrad. Series 2. Ternata Nevski.— Flowers few, bright violet-blue or dark blue, in a loose raceme; tepals glabrous; lamina of staminodes ovate, dissected into 2 oblong obtuse lobes, long white-barbate above; tepals densely glandular-pilose; leaves deeply dissected into incised lobes; petioles slightly broadened proximally; roots slightly thickened. 61. D.ternatum Huth, Monogr. (1895) p.421, pro parte. Perennial; stem 75—100cm high, slightly branched above, very densely pubescent with spreading longish hairs, simple below and glandular above; petioles densely pilose; leaf blade more strongly pubescent beneath than above, suborbicular or rounded-reniform, large, dissected almost to base into 3 lobes, the middle lobe obovate or lanceolate, cuneate and biternately cleft at the apex, with short rather obtusely acuminate terminal lobules; lateral lobes of the blade dissected to below the middle into 2 lobes of the second order resembling the middle lobe of the first order, the leaf thus appearing palmatisect; upper leaves frequently dissected into 3 entire lanceolate lobes; axis of inflorescence and pedicels glabrous; bracts narrow-linear, glabrous or glabrate, 5—14mm long, less than one-third or half as long as pedicels; bracteoles smaller, to 6-7mm long, linear- subulate acuminate, above or near middle of pedicels, pedicels 1.5—4cm long; tepals obtuse, 1.2—1.3cm long, 0.6—0.7cm broad; spur subhorizontal and straight, slightly recurved, obtuse, 1.4—1.5cm long, 2.5—2.75mm wide; nectaries whitish, with tip of lamina shallowly dissected and slightly bluish; staminodes bluish or whitish bluish; follicles 1.3-1.4cm long. May-—July. Mountain slopes, in the shade of junipers, and in gorges.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. (Kugitang, Zeravshan, Gissar). Endemic. Described from the Gissar Range. Type in Leningrad. 129 167 168 Series 3. Pseudoternata Nevski.— Flowers few, bright azure, disposed in a loose raceme, with glabrous tepals; lamina of staminodes deeply incised and long white-barbate; follicles pilose; leaves ternately divided to base, with sessile lobes; petioles slightly broadened proximally; roots not tuberously thickened. 62. D.lipskyi Korsh. in Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersb., SsérygSstlX (1898) 403. Perennial: stem erect, 60—75cm high, rather slender, branched above, below the point of branching rather densely covered with shortish spreading (in lower part simple and in middle part glandular) hairs; petioles spreading-pilose; leaves small, 2—5cm in diameter, pilose beneath, glabrate above, the lower reniform-rounded, ternately divided to base into sessile lobes, the lateral lobes bipartite almost to base, the leaf thus appearing palmatipartite; all leaf lobules of the last order trifid, with entire or incised segments, lobules of upper leaves entire, linear or lanceolate; axis of inflorescence and pedicels glabrous; bracts narrow- linear or linear, glabrous, acuminate, 2.5—5mm long; pedicels many times as long as bracts, 1.5—4.5cm; bracteoles glabrous, acuminate, 1.5—3mm long, above or about the middle of pedicels, rarely slightly lower; tepals obtuse, 1.1—1.3cm long, 0.5—0.9(1)cm broad; spur subhorizontal, straight or slightly recurved, rather obtusely pointed or obtuse, sometimes with a small gibbosity near the tip, terete, 1.4—2cm long, 2—2.25mm wide; nectaries pale azure, staminodes azure; follicles 1.1cm long. June. Stony mountain slopes.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. (Darvaz, Shugnan). Endemic. Described from the Khumbau River valley (Darvaz). Type in Leningrad. Series 4. Longipedunculata Nevski. — Stem with spreading branches; flowers bright violet-blue, in loose racemes, on very long pedicels; tepals glabrous; limb of staminodes with subobtuse lobes; follicles glabrous; roots more or less thickened. 63. D.longipedunculatum Rgl. et Schmalh. in A.H.P. V (1877) 226; Huth, Monogr., 441. Perennial; stem usually ca. 50-60, rarely 30—35cm high, rather dense pubescent with white distant hairs below and glandular-pilose hairs above; lower leaves rounded-reniform, palmately dissected into 5 obovate lobes, these apically cleft into 3-—2-segmented lobules; upper leaves more deeply dissected into narrower biternately dissected or bisected lobes; leaf blade slightly pilose above, more densely pilose beneath; petioles long, more or less ciliate or pilose, broadened at base; raceme very loose and broad, with glabrous axis and pedicels; bracts entire, linear, glabrous, 4-—5.5mm long; pedicels 3-6mm long, many times as long as bracts, spreading, arcuately ascending; bracteoles very small, linear, glabrous, slightly distant from flower; tepals elliptic-ovate or obovate, obtuse, 0.5—0.9(1)cm long, ca. 0.6—0.7cm broad; spur almost straight, rather slightly recurved, obtusely pointed, 1—1.2(1.4)cm long, 2mm wide; nectaries yellowish and blue-tipped; staminodes blue, with a suborbicular limb. May—June. 130 169 Dry stony slopes in foothills and in the lower mountain zone. — Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (W.), Pam.-Al. Endemic. Described from the Karatau Mountains on the route from the city of Turkestan to Chimkent. Type in Leningrad. Series 5. Saniculifolia Nevski.— Stem more or less branched above, the leaves concentrated in its lower part and dissected to base into sessile, shallowly incised lobes; flowers pale lilac or azure, in loose racemes; tepals glabrous; lamina of staminodes obtusely bilobate; follicles glabrous; roots thickened. 64. D.semiclavatum Nevski, sp. nova in Addenda VI, p.555. Perennial; stem 55—75cm high, in its lower half with dense appressed, more or less spreading glandular hairs, slightly branched, with long virgate branches; petioles broadened proximally; leaf blade semiorbicular, glabrate, dissected to base into 3 sessile lobes, the middle lobe obovate, cuneately tapering, shallowly cleft at the apex into 3—5 broad rounded obtuse lobules; lateral lobes of the leaf blade broader than middle lobe, dissected to the middle into 2 broad-cuneate lobes of the second order, these cleft to about one-fourth of their length into oblong sections terminating in 2—3 obtuse teeth; raceme very loose, long, few-flowered; pedicels not longer than 1.5—1.7cm, glabrous; bracts narrow linear- lanceolate, glabrous, small, considerably shorter than pedicels; bracteoles ca. 1.5—2mm long, subulate-linear, slightly below flower; tepals pale lilac or pale bluish lilac, with very dark veins, obtuse, 0.95—-1cm long, 0.45cm broad; spur obliquely ascending or erect or suberect, obtuse, unilaterally inflated (with a gibbosity) near the tip, 1 .2 cnt long, ca.°2.75 mm broad proximally; nectaries whitish; staminodes pale lilac, the lamina rounded- ovate, apically dissected into 2 obtuse lobes, glabrate; staminodes, including claw, 0.9—0.95cm long; follicles 0.8cm long. June—July. Stony mountain slopes.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. (NW). Endemic. Described from the Sangardak area. Type in Leningrad. Note. Extremely close to the Iranian D. sanicwlaefolium, from which it can be distinguished by the color of flowers (azure in D. sani- culaefolium), longer spur, shorter pedicels, less branched stems, and, in particular, the glabrate staminodes. Series 6. Lanceolatifolia Nevski.— Inflorescence a rather loose, simple raceme; flowers blue; tepals pubescent on the outside; lamina of staminodes very shallowly incised; follicles glandular-pubescent. Cauline leaves lanceolate, cuneate, more or less incised at the apex; petioles strongly broadened at base; roots almost tuberously thickened. 65. D.batalinii Huth in Engler, Bot. Jahrbiich. XX (1895) 432. Perennial; stem erect, simple or scarcely branched, 25—50(70)cm high, with a dense short appressed pubescence; radical leaves and most cauline leaves dying off before anthesis; blade of radical leaves rounded-obovate, cleft into 2 obtuse lobes; cauline leaves cuneate-lanceolate, cleft almost 131 170 to the middle into 3 linear (1.75-4mm broad) rather obtusely acuminate lobes, these sometimes apically bilobulate, thickish, slightly pilose; bracts linear (very rarely the lower bracts trilobate), pilose, the lower 1.5—2cm long and generally longer than the pedicels, the upper slightly shorter; pedicels pubescent; bracteoles below flower, linear-lanceolate, small, pilose; tepals obtuse, 0.8—1 cm long, the lower lateral-ovate, 3.75-S5mm broad, the upper lateral-broad-ovate, 6—7.25mm broad; spur subhorizontal, slightly recurved, rather obtusely acuminate, 123-1 shem long, ca sisi wide proximally; nectaries slightly blue with a whitish lamina; staminodes blue, the lamina ovate, very shallowly dissected at the apex, slightly white- pilose above, proximally tapering into a claw, the latter slightly longer than the lamina; staminodes 9—10mm long; follicles ca. 1cm long. (June) July—August. Gravelly mountain slopes of steppes.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al., T. Sh. (SW). Endemic. Described from the Garm area. Type in Leningrad. Series 7. Bucharica Nevski.— Inflorescence a loose or rather loose raceme; flowers pale-colored, whitish lilac-azure and grayish lilac-azure, the tepals glabrous or pubescent on the outside; blade of staminodes deeply laciniate, with acuminate lobes, together with claw longer than the tepals; follicles glabrous; leaf blade ternately parted, the lobes petiolar, strongly dissected into narrow-linear sections; petioles strongly broadened, proximally inflated to form a kind of reduced sheath deeply enveloping the stem; roots tuberously thickened. 66. D.karategini Korsh. in Bull. Acad. Sc. Pétersb. 5 sér., IX (1898) 402. Perennial; stem 80—150cm high, erect, strong, with appressed minute hairs below and a yellowish glandular pubescence above, glabrous in its uppermost part, simple or slightly branched; leaves green, with scattered hairs, or glabrate, lower leaves long-petioled; leaf blade ternately parted, with divaricate petiolar lobes; lateral lobes divided to base into 2 lobes of the second order on shorter petioles and, like the middle lobe, biternately dissected into long narrow-linear (1.5—3mm broad) terminal sections; flowers numerous in a very long (to 70cm long) rather loose raceme; bracts linear with a lanceolate base, the lower longer than the upper usually as long as the pedicels, pilose; pedicels short, to 1.5cm, slightly pilose; bracteoles subopposite, pilose, linear, small (to 5-6mm long), in middle part of pedicels; tepals oblong-obovate, obtuse, semiappressed-pubescent on the outside, grayish lilac-azure or whitish lilac-azure, with darkish veins, white-scarious-margined, 0.9-—1.2cm long, 0.4—0.45cm broad; spur erect or obliquely ascending, subobtuse, pubescent, almost straight, 1.2-1.4cm long, 2.5mm wide proximally; nectaries whitish, apex acutely laciniate; staminodes white, including claw1.4cm long, the lamina long- barbate. July. Stony mountain meadows.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. (Karategin). Endemic. Described from the vicinity of Dumburach on the Muk-su River. Type in Leningrad. 5667 132: | * PLATE XI. Delphinium semibarbatum Bienert: a) staminode, b) follicles, c) seeds (according to Acheson); 2—D.biternatum Huth, a) flower, b) follicles; 3 —D.freynii Conrath, leaves. 133 173 174 67. D.bucharicum M. Pop. in ''Pochvennye ekspeditsii v basseine rek Syr-Dar'i i Amu-Dar'i"' [Soil Expeditions in the Basin of the Syr Darya and Amu Darya Rivers], II (1916) 49.—Ic.: 1.c., tab. 9. Perennial: stem 30—40cm high, erect, circular in cross section, with a short pubescence below, glabrous above; leaves long-petioled, the leaf blade dissected to base into 3 short-petioled lobes, these many times dissected into narrow-linear, acute, slightly pubescent lobules; raceme simple, loose, narrow; pedicels shorter than flowers; bracts with membranous ciliate margins, linear-lanceolate acuminate, half as long as pedicels; bracteoles small, below middle of pedicels; flowers pale- colored, whitish azure; tepals glabrous, pale whitish azure, veins colored more intensely azure, shorter than the spur; spur directed upward, with a small gibbosity near the apex; nectaries very slightly dissected at the apex, azure-white; staminodes whitish, lamina split into 2 barbate lobes. May. Mountain slopes.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. Endemic. Described from mountains west of Bishkent (Kabadian area); not yet known from other localities. Type in Tashkent. Note. M.G.Popov,in supplementary corrections to his work, decided to refute his species and to identify it with D.leiocarpum Huth. However, the latter species is extremely doubtful, being presumably a mixture of gymnocarpous forms of very different species belonging to the Delphinia hybrida auct. group. Judging by the diagnosis and illustration, D. bucharicum may not be identified with any of the species known from Central Asia. 68. D.inopinatum Nevski, sp. nova in Addenda VI, p.556. Perennial; stem 75—85cm high, simple, with a dense glandular pubescence of golden yellowish hairs from base almost to inflorescence; leaves with long densely pubescent petioles; blade also densely pubescent, ternately dissected, with divaricate petiolulate lobes; lateral lobes parted into 2 lobes of the second order with shorter petiolules and, like the middle lobe, 2—3- ternately dissected into narrow-linear longish and rather obtusely acuminate sections (1.25—2(2.5)mm broad); flowers in a long (25—35 cm), rather dense raceme, the axis covered with scattered hairs; bracts very small (2—5mm long), considerably shorter than pedicels, linear, glabrous or slightly ciliate; pedicels short, to 1.7cm, glabrous; bracteoles extremely small, linear-subulate, in distal half of pedicels, slightly removed, glabrous or with few cilia; flowers grayish lilac-azure, pale; tepals oblong-obovate, obtuse, 0.8—0.9cm long, 0.35—0.4cm broad, glabrous, with more or less broad white scarious margins; spur erect or obliquely ascending, straight or almost straight, glabrous, lilac-colored, 1—1.1cm long, 2—2.5mm wide; nectaries whitish; staminodes white, with claw 1.1cm long, lamina oblong, long white-barbate, dissected into linear-oblong lobes 1.25mm broad, outer margin of lobes obtusely crenate; follicles 1.2-—1.5cm long. May. Gravelly slopes.— Centr. Asia: Kyz. K. Endemic. Described from the Aktau Mountains in the Kara-Kalpak part of the Kyzyl-Kum Desert. Type in Leningrad. Note. This plant is evidently very close to D.bucharicum M. Pop., described from the southwestern Pamir-Alai area. However, judging by the diagnosis and the illustration, the present species is distinguished from it by its strongly developed pubescence and denser, many-flowered racemes. 134 75 Series 8. Cyphoplectra Nevski.— Inflorescence a very loose, few- flowered raceme; flowers blue or azure, the tepals more or less pubescent and sometimes glandular-pubescent on the outside; lamina of staminodes deeply laciniate, with more or less acuminate lobes, together with claw slightly shorter than tepals; follicles densely pilose; blade of cauline leaves ternately parted, with sessile lobes, the lateral lobes dissected almost to base into 2 lobes of the second order (the leaf appearing to be palmatisect); petioles broadened proximally; roots tuberously thickened. 69. D.turkmenum Lipsky in A.H.P. XVIII (1901) 2.- D. hybridum var. pilosulum Trautv. in A.H.P. IX (1884) 437; O.Kuntze in A.H.P. xX (1887) 144.—D.pilosulum B.Fedtsch., Fl. Tian-schan. occid. I (1904) 98; Consp. Fl. Turk. I (1906) 21.— Exs.: Sintenis, It. transcasp.- pers. 1900-1901, No.1672. Perennial; stem (25)50-—75cm high, with long white recurved hairs at base, these hairs often scattered throughout the length but few; petioles ciliate-pilose, in lower leaves the hairs also passing onto underside of the blade; blade of radical leaves suborbicular, palmately dissected almost-to base into 5 obovate lobes, these cuneately tapering to base, 1—2-ternately cleft into obtuse (rounded) lobules; blade of cauline leaves pseudopalmately dissected to base into 5 lobes, these deeply 2—3-ternately dissected into narrow-linear subobtuse sections, 1—2mm broad; inflorescence axis glabrate; pedicels, especially in their lower part, densely glandular- pubescent; bracts broad-linear, usually less than half as long as pedicels, glandular-pubescent; bracteoles very small, close to base of flower, also glandular-pubescent; tepals blue, glandular-pubescent on the outside mainly at base, broad-obovate, 1.25—1.5cm long, 0.6—0.8cm broad, obtuse; spur slightly inclined upward or subhorizontal, very slightly curved, obtuse, terete, 1.5—1.7(2)cm long,ca. 3mm wide; nectaries yellowish-whitish with a slight lilac tinge; staminodes lilac-bluish, 1.1—1.2cm long; follicles densely glandular-pubescent. May—June. Gravelly mountain slopes.— Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. Endemic. Described from the vicinity of Kizyl-Arvat. Type in Leningrad. Series 9. Laxiuscula Nevski.— Inflorescence a very loose few-flowered raceme; flowers dark violet or whitish azure-lilac, the tepals with an appressed pubescence of simple hairs on the outside; lamina of staminodes deeply split into 2 acuminate, barbate divergent lobes, with claw not shorter than tepals; follicles appressed-pilose or glabrous; leaf blade repeatedly ternately dissected into narrow-linear sections; petioles very strongly broadened proximally; roots tuberously thickened. 70. D.laxiusculum (Boiss.) Rouy in Fl. France I (1893) 143, in adnot.— D.hybridum var. laxiusculum Boiss., Fl. Or. I (1867) 89.— D.hybridum ssp. laxiusculum N. Busch in Fl. cauc.-crit. III, 3 (1903) 56.— D.hybridum var. floribus saturate violaceis Hohen., Enum. Talysch. (1838) 148.— D.latiusculum Grossh., FI. Cauc. II, 97 (ut videtur lapsus calami).— D.hybridum y gracillimum Ldb., Fl. Ross 1(1842) 61.—D.hybridum var. hirtula Trautv. in 135 176 A.H.P. I, 1 (1878) 21.- D. cyphoplectrum 8B stenophyllum Boiss., Fl. Or. 1(1867) 91; Huth Monogr., 428; N. Busch, JRLS CEWIG =, Crsithe INL. Sis 48.— Exs.: Herb. Kronenburgianum, No.138. Perennial; stem (15)20—50(55) cm high, with a dense very short pubescence of appressed simple hairs, very rarely glandular -pubescent in upper part, simple or slightly branched; leafbladeps eudopalmately dissected to base into 3—5 lobes, thesedeeply 1—2 ternately dissected into narrow-linear sections 0.5—1.5(3) mm broad, slightly pubescent; bracts broad-linear, appressed- pubescent, shorter than the pubescent pedicels; bracteoles very small, 1.5— 2.5mm long, linear -subulate, close to or very slightly above base of pedicels; tepals dark violet, ovate, usually rather obtusely acuminate, (1)1.1-1.3(1.4) em long, (0.35)0.4—0.5cm broad; nectaries moreor less violetcolored; stami- nodes 1.1—1.2 cm long, dark violet or paler; spur obliquely ascending, obtuse or rather obtusely pointed, sometimes witha small gibbosity near the tip, iL le 1.2 cm long, 2.75—3 mm wide proximally; flowers sometimes dingy purple- violet; follicles appressed-pubescent or glabrous. June—July. Shrub thickets on dry mountain slopes.— Caucasus: E. and 8. Transc., Tal. Gen. distr.: Iran (near the USSR border). Described from the vicinity of Elizavetpol' [Kirovabad]. Type in Geneva. Note. This species is very close to D.cyphoplectrum Boiss., from which it is distinguished merely by the color of tepals (azure in D.cyphoplectrum). It is incorrect to separate D.cyphoplectrum from related species on the basis of length and shape of the spur, as Bush and Grossheim have done. The shape of the spur varies also in D.cypho- plectrum and the subterminal gibbosity of the spur is often obscure. The latter species is not encountered in the Caucasus. 71. D.quercetorum Boiss. et Hausskn. in Boiss., Fl. Or. Suppl. (1888) 20,.— D.hybridum ssp. laxiwsculum var. palliditiora No Sesem in Fl. cauc.-crit. III, 3 (1903) 57; Grossh., Fl. cauc. II, 97. Perennial; stem glandular-pubescent in middle part or below inflorescence, without glandular pubescence at base, 40—75(115)cm high, taller and thicker than in D. laxiusculum, usually simple; leaves as in D.laxiusculum but with terminal linear sections broader (to 2) 1 = 3mm),more or less pilose; bracts narrow-linear, shorter than pedicels; bracts and pedicels appressed-pubescent, bracteoles disposed at very base of pedicels, linear-subulate, to 3.5(5)mm long; tepals whitish or whitish lilac with azure-violet veins, oblong-ovate, obtuse, 1—1.2cm long, 0.35— 0.45cm broad; spur straight and subhorizontal, rather obtusely pointed or obtuse, 1.1—1.3cm long, sometimes with a gibbosity near the tip; nectaries whitish, with more or less broad azure-violet stripes only near the apex; staminodes also whitish; follicles glabrous, rarely appressed-pubescent. May—July. Stony mountain slopes.— Caucasus: Tal., S.Transc. Gen. distr.: Arm.-Kurd. Described from Iranian Kurdistan. Type in Geneva. Series 10. Punicea Nevski.— Inflorescence a very dense raceme; flowers blackish purple, the tepals appressed -pubescent onthe outside; lamina of staminodes deeply dissected longitudinally into straight lobes covered 136 lar with long white hairs; tepals appressed-pubescent, very rarely glabrous; leaf blade many times ternately dissected into linear sections (1.25)2—2.5mm broad; petioles very strongly broadened at base, forming a kind of abbreviated sheath half-clasping the stem; roots tuberously thickened. 72. D.puniceum Pallas, Reise III, Anhang (1776) 736; M.B., Fl. taur.- eauc < 1o13; “TL 372i; Huth; Monogr.; 433, ‘pro parte.— D.hybridum B puniceum Claus, Ind. in Gobel It. II (1837) 248; Boiss., Fl. Or. I, 89; Shmal'g., Fl. I, 29.—D.hybridum ssp. puniceum N. Busch in Fl. cauc. crit. III, 3 (1903) 55, p. pte.— Ic.: Knowles et Westcott, Flora Cab. I (1837) t. 7 (non v.).— Exs.: HFR No. 851. Perennial; stem 30—80cm high, simple, densely covered with simple short appressed hairs; petioles of lower leaves to 9-16cm long; leaf blade appressed-short-pilose on both surfaces (to a greater degree beneath); raceme 10—30cm long, 2.5—3cm broad, very dense above, more or less interrupted below, with remote lower flowers; bracts linear, less than half as long as pedicels, appressed-pilose; bracteoles lower than or near middle of pedicels, linear-subulate, 3—3.5mm long, pilose; tepals elongate-obovate, ca. 1cm long, 3mm broad, obtuse, blackish purple on the inside, a similar color on the outside but grayish owing to dense pubescence; lamina of upper tepal small; spur obliquely ascending, straight, obtuse, brown-purple, 1.2cm long, 2.25—3mm wide proximally; nectaries blackish purple at apex, staminodes of the same color. June—July. Steppes. — European part: L.V., L. Don ([former] Sal'sk District); Caucasus: Cisc.; Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp. (Aleksandrovsk). Endemic. Described from the vicinity of Chapchachi (Lower Volga). Type in Berlin; cotype in Leningrad. Note. Although in Flora Cauc. crit., (1.c.) N. A. Bush also cited D.puniceum Pall. (as D.hybridum ssp. puniceum) for E.Transc. (Dzegam in the [former] Elizavetpol' Province, Lipsky's collection; Mugan Steppe, Radde's collection), I would refer the specimens mentioned by him to D. laxiusculum, because the color of their flowers contains a conspicuous violet tinge, and the type of inflorescence is close to that of D.laxiusculum. Series 11. Fissa Nevski.— Inflorescence a very dense raceme; flowers lilac, the tepals obovate obtuse, appressed-or spreading-pubescent or glabrous on the outside; lamina of staminodes deeply dissected longitudinally into straight lobes covered with long white hairs; tepals appressed-pilose or glabrous; leaf blade repeatedly ternately dissected into linear sections 1—4mm broad; petioles very strongly broadened proximally, forming a kind of abbreviated sheath half-clasping the stem; roots tuberously thickened. 73. D.pallasii Nevski, sp. nova in Addenda VI, p.556.—D.tauricum Pallas., Ind. taur. in Neueste Nordische Beitrige III (1796) 432 nomen nudum.— D.hybridum M.B., Fl. taur.-cauc. II (1808) 13 pro parte. — D.hybridum @88 Ldb., Fl. Ross. I (1842) 61.—D.rossicum Rouy, Fl. Fr. 1(1893) 134, in adn., pro parte. 137 178 Perennial; stem simple or scarcely branched, 35—115cm high, with a dense short glandular pubescence in upper half and simple hairs below (very rarely stem with simple hairs only); petioles of lower leaves to 10—20cm long; leaf blade pseudopalmately dissected almost to base into 5 lobes, these biternately dissected into linear sections; flowers in a dense simple raceme, more distant below, 12—30cm long; bracts linear (orily the lowermost parted into 2—3 lobules, half as long as pedicels or slightly longer; bracts and pedicels densely pilose; bracteoles linear-subulate, 3—5mm long, close to flower or on upper fourth of pedicel, also pilose; tepals obtuse, 1—1.3cm long, 1.5—0.65 [sic]em broad, densely appressed- pubescent distally; spur obliquely ascending or subhorizontal, slightly curved and rather obtusely pointed, 1.65—2cm long, 3—-4cm wide proximally; nectaries and staminodes lilac, rarely more or less whitish; follicles with very short appressed hairs. June—August. Steppe clearings and stony slopes in mountain forests. — European part: Crim.; Caucasus: W.Transc. Endemic. Described from the vicinity of Yalta. Type in Leningrad. Note. Extremely close to the Hungarian and Balkan D.fissum W. et K., but distinguished by the appressed (and not spreading), shorter pubescence on the outside of the tepals. D.hybridum Steph. = D.schmalhausenii Alb. differs sharply in color of flowers and shape of tepals. Attention has been given to the difference between the Crimean plant and the Caucasian 'D. hybridum"' by M. Bieberstein (Fl. taur.- cauc. III (1819) 370), but this author did not consider the color of the flowers. *74, D.leiocarpum Huth in Bull. l'Herb. Boiss. I (1893) 334, pro min. parte. . Perennial; stem tall, simple or scarcely branched, 50—120cm high, with a dense short glandular pubescence in upper half and covered with a down of simple hairs below; petioles of lower leaves to 15cm or more long; leaves slightly pilose or glabrate beneath, the leaf blade pseudo- palmately dissected to base into 5 lobes, these deeply 2—3-ternately dissected into linear sections 2—5(7)mm broad; flowers lilac, in a dense simple raceme; bracts and bracteoles glabrous, the bracts narrow-linear, shorter than or as long as the glabrous pedicels, the bracteoles linear- subulate, small, slightly above middle of pedicels; tepals of same size and color asin D.pallassii but quite glabrous or glabrate on the outside; spur almost straight rather obtusely pointed, 1.5—1.7cm long; nectaries and staminodes concolor with tepals but paler or more or less whitish; follicles glabrous. June—July. Steppe slopes. — European part: known from Bessarabia, and possibly encountered in the SW Ukraine. Gen. distr.: Bal.-As. Min. (W.), Centr. Eur. (S.). Described from SE Europe. 75. D.albomarginatum Simonova in Opred. rast. okr. Tashkenta II (1924) 123-124, Perennial; lower leaves with long petioles strongly broadened at base into a long slightly inflated sheath, persistent until time of withering when the leaf blade is shed; leaf blade ternately parted, the lobes with long divaricate petiolules and irregularly bipalmately or pinnately parted into narrow-linear lobules; upper leaves less divided; stem 80—150cm high, 138 179 branched and glabrous above and with a whitish down of short retrorse hairs below; flowers in dense racemes; pedicels half as long as flowers; lower bracts overtopping the flowers, the upper narrow-linear, as long as or shorter than the flowers; bracteoles at about middle of pedicels or lower, short; flowers numerous, dark violet-blue; tepals 9-10mm long, glabrous; spur almost 1.5 times as long as tepals, straight, glabrous, obtuse; nectaries with a white quasi-coriaceous border, apically incised; staminodes ciliate; follicles glabrous. June—July. Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (W.). Endemic. Described from Khumsan in the Ugamskii Range. Type in Tashkent. Series 12. Hybrida Nevski.— Inflorescence a very dense raceme; flowers bright azure-blue, the tepals ovate, slightly attenuate, rather obtusely acuminate, appressed-pubescent on the outside; follicles appressed-pilose or glabrous; leaf blade repeatedly ternately dissected into linear sections; petioles very strongly broadened proximally, forming a kind of abbreviated sheath half-clasping the stem; roots tuberously thickened. 76. D.schmalhausenii Alb., Descript. d. nouvell. espéc. d. pl. tr. en Abkhasie, in Tr. Odessk. Obshch. Sadov. (1891) (n.v.); Huth, Monogr., 441.—D.hybridum ssp. schmalhausenii Busch in Fl. cauc. crit. III 3 (1903) 53.— D. hybridum ssp. genuinum Busch, l.c., 50, p.pte.— D.hybridum Stephan ex Willd., Sp. pl. I (1799) 1229 (v. sp. auth. in herb. Steph.), non D.hybridum L, in Amoen. Acad. III (1764) 37.— D.rossicum Rouy(s. str.) in Fl. France, I (1893) 134, in adn. — D.hybridum ae genuinum Boiss., Fl. Or. I (1867) 89, p.pte.— D.hybridum a, a, aa Ldb., Fl. Ross. I (1842) 61. Perennial; stem to 125cm high, slightly branched or simple, glandular- pubescent in upper half and with only simple short appressed hairs below, rarely entire stem with simple pubescence; leaves pseudopalmately dissected to base into 5—7 lobes, these deeply dissected into numerous linear sections, more or less pilose on both surfaces; flowers in a simple or branched raceme to 30—33cm long; lower bracts entire, rarely parted into few lobules but then only slightly overtopping the flowers, the upper narrow- linear, entire; all bracts pilose; bracteoles linear-subulate, pilose, confined to upper fourth of the pubescent pedicels; tepals 1.3—-1.5cm long, 0.45—0.6cm broad, with short appressed pubescence on the outside; spur obliquely ascending, subterminally recurved, rather obtusely pointed or else acuminate, 1.3—1.8cm long, ca. 3.5—4mm wide proximally; nectaries and staminodes concolor with tepals. July—August. Shrub thickets and forest margins in the middle mountain zone; rarely cultivated fields. — European part: L. Don; Caucasus: Cisc., Dag., W. and E.Transc. (W.). Endemic. Described from Abkhazia. Type in Tbilisi. 77. D.freynii Conrath in Bull. Herb. Boiss. II (1895) 36.-— D. somche- ticum Conr. et Freyn, l.c., 37.—D.dasystachyum N. Busch in Fl. Cave ternits HI, Ss (1903) 58, non Boiss. et Bal.— Exs.: Herb. Kronen- burgianum, No.137. Perennial; stem erect, simple, 30—95cm high, the upper internodes glandular-pubescent, the lower glabrous or with a slight pubescence of 139 180 L81 appressed short simple hairs; petioles of lower leaves to 10cm; leaf blade pseudopalmately dissected to base into 5—7 lobes, these tapering into short petiolules and deeply 3—4-ternately dissected into narrow-linear (1-2.5mm broad) sections, pubescent on both surfaces; flowers blue, darker than in D. schmalhausenii, ina simple dense raceme to 37cm long; lower bracts resembling leaves but smaller, repeatedly and deeply parted into narrow-linear lobules, considerably overtopping the flowers and imparting to the inflorescence a slightly curly shape in its lower half; upper bracts entire; bracteoles linear-subulate, small, confined to upper fourth of the appressed-pubescent pedicels, pilose; tepals 0.95—1.3(1.5) cm long, 3—5mm broad, short-pubescent on the outside; spur obliquely ascending, rather obtusely pointed or anteriorly acuminate, 1:,3—125(2)ems long; nectaries and staminodes almost concolor with tepals; follicles glabrous, very rarely appressed-pilose. July—August. (Plate XI, Figure 3). Forest margins, shrub thickets in the middle mountain zone, and rarely cultivated fields. — Caucasus: E. and §.Transc. Gen. distr.: will probably be found in Arm.-Kurd. Described from Lok in Somkhetiya.* Type in Prague. Note. This species is not sharply demarcated from D.schmal- hausenii, but is distinguished from it by its multipartite and strongly developed lower bracts and darker flowers. It was mistaken by Huth and by N.A.Buschfor D.dasystachyum; even though it is completely incomprehensible how this extremely distinctive species could be confused with the Caucasian plant. Series 13. Ochroleuca Nevski.— Inflorescence a very dense raceme; flowers pale yellow (nectaries and staminodes sometimes blue), the tepals pubescent or glabrous on the outside; follicles pubescent or glabrous, reticulate-nerved; leaf blade deeply pseudopalmately dissected into lobes, these repeatedly ternately dissected into narrow-linear sections; petioles very strongly broadened proximally, forming a kind of abbreviated sheath half-clasping the stem; roots tuberously thickened. 78. D.szovitsianum Boiss., Fl. Or. 1 (1867) 89; Huth, Monogr. 438, p. pte.—D.dasystachyum ssp. szovitsianum N. Busch in Fl. cauc. erit. Ill, 3 (1903) 58.— D. hybridum var. szovitsiana Trautv. in A.H.P. Il, 2 (1873) 493.— Ic.: Belgique hortic. (1872) tab. III. Perennial; stem 30—90cm high, simple, rarely slightly branched, glabrous below, with very small appressed hairs above; leaf blade pseudopalmately dissected to base into 5 lobes, these deeply triternately dissected into narrow-linear sections 0.75—2.5mm broad, pubescent on both surfaces; flowers in a very dense cylindric raceme 6.5—20cm long, 1.75—-2.75cm across; axis of inflorescence densely spreading-pilose, with glossy white long hairs,(becoming more or less yellow with age), rarely glabrous; lower bracts 1—2-ternately dissected into narrow-linear lobules overtopping the flowers, the upper narrow-linear entire, longer than the pedicels; bracteoles distributed slightly above or below middle of the very short (5—6(9)mm long) pedicels, the latter with long spreading hairs, rarely glabrous, the bracteoles filiform-linear, usually 7-—8mm long, with long hairs or glabrous; * [Somkhiti, an ancient region in Georgia.] 140 182 tepals sulfur yellow, very densely covered on the outside with long yellowish hairs, rarely glabrous, oblong-ovate, obtuse, 6-9.5mm long, 2.5-4mm broad; spur ascending, sometimes slightly curved near the rather obtusely pointed tip, (0.8)1—1.5cm long; nectaries and staminodes blue; follicles with dense spreading hairs. July—August. Shrub thickets and forest margins in the middle mountain zone. — Caucasus: Tal., S.Transc. Gen. distr.: Iran. Described from the vicinity of Nakhichevan. Type in Geneva; cotype in Leningrad. 79. D.ochroleucum Stev.,ex DC., Syst. nat. 1 (1818) 353; M.B., Fl. taur.-cauc. III, 371; Hugh, Monogr., 432, pro min. parte.— D.albi- Miomuny DC., lic. 350.— D.hybridum var. albiflorum C.Koch in Lannaea XV, 247.—.D.hybridum, var. floribus ochroleucis M.B., Fl. taur.-cauc. II (1808) 13.— D. hybridumevars ochro-s leucum Boiss., Fl. Or. I (1867) 89.-—D.hybridum ssp. ochro- leucum N. Busch in Fl. Cauc. crit. II, 3 (1903) 54.—Ic.: Deless., Ic. Sel. I (1820) tab. 58.— Exs.: Pl. orient. exs. No. 37. Perennial; stem simple, 30—75cm high, glabrous below, glandular- pubescent or covered with simple appressed hairs above; leaves as in D.schmalhausenii, slightly pilose; flowers pale yellow or whitish yellow, nectaries and staminodes usually straw-yellow, rarely slightly azure. Raceme rather dense or rather loose, to 30cm long, conspicuously attenuate toward apex; bracts entire (the lowermost very rarely parted into lobes), linear, slightly broadened at base, with more or less prominent white membranous margins; pedicels 7-9mm; bracteoles in upper fourth of pedicels, linear or linear-lanceolate, 4—6(9)mm long, membranous; bracts, bracteoles, and pedicels glabrous, bracteoles and pedicels rarely squarrose-pilose; tepals oblong-obovate, obtuse, 1—1,1(1.3)cm long, 3.5—4.5(5.5)mm broad, quite glabrous on the outside or rarely densely long-pilose; spur 1.3—1.6cm long, obliquely ascending or subhorizontal; follicles glabrous (very rarely pubescent). June—July. Dry slopes in the middle mountain zone and cultivated fields. — Caucasus: Dag., E. and S.Transc. Gen. distr.: Arm.-Kurd. Described from Georgia. Type in Helsinki; cotypes in Geneva and Leningrad. 80. D.biternatum Huth in Engler. Bot. Jahrbuch. XX (1895) 422.— D.ochroleucum Huth, l.c., 432, pro parte.— D. floribundum Freyn et Sint. exs. (Sintenis, It. transcasp. pers. 1900-1901 No. 850). Perennial; stem 45—100cm high, rather thick, hollow, pubescent with small appressed hairs; leaf blade pseudopalmately divided to base, with 5 petiolulate lobes (the petiolules of each pair of lateral lobes basally united into a short common petiolule), the lobes ternately dissected into long linear rather obtusely acuminate sections (2.5)3—5.5mm broad, glabrous or slightly pilose; inflorescence a simple or basally branched many-flowered raceme, to 35cm long, ca. 3—3.5cm broad; bracts linear or linear-lanceolate, slightly shorter than or as long as pedicels, obtuse or rather obtusely acuminate; bracteoles small (usually 3mm long), linear-subulate, above middle of pedicels; pedicels from base to flower more or less spreading- pubescent on the outside and glandularly pubescent, with simple appressed short hairs below the bracteoles; flowers pale yellow; tepals densely 141 183 short-pubescent on the outside, obovate, obtuse, 10-—12mm long, 5.5—8mm broad; spur obliquely reflexed or subhorizontal, terete rather obtusely pointed, subterminally and usually slightly recurved, 1.5—1.8cm long, ca. 2.75-3mm wide; nectaries pale yellow, staminodes brighter yellow; follicles to 1.5cm long, pilose, rarely glabrate, with a sharply pronounced network of veins, the medium-length oblique veins almost as sharply pronounced as the long longitudinal ones. (June) July—August. (Plate XI, Figure 2). Stony mountain and steppe slopes; shrub thickets.— Centr. Asia: Dzu.- Tarb., T. Sh., Pam.—Al., Mtn. Turkm. Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash. Described from the Sengulak Mountains. Paratype in Leningrad. Series 14. Semibarbata Nevski.— Inflorescence a rather dense raceme; flowers bright yellow, the tepals glabrous on the outside; pedicels 0.8— 1.5cm, glabrous up to bracteoles, above bracteoles with a yellowish beard of hairs on one side, glabrous on the side adverse to the inflorescence, with 3 defined longitudinal ribs and obscure transverse veins; leaves repeatedly ternately dissected into narrow-linear sections. Petioles broadened proximally; roots tuberously thickened. 81. D.semibarbatum Bienert ex Boiss., Fl. Or. I (1867) 92; Lipsky, Contrib. ad Fl. Med. II (1904) 14.- D. hybridum « sulphureum Riga invari Beey Vi (1877) 226.— Ds Zalil Aitech. et Hemsl. -in/Transy, kag. Soc. 2 ser., III (1888—1894) 30; Huth, Monogr., 443.—D.biternatum Freyn in Bull. Herb. Boiss., ser. 2, Ill (1903) 561, non Huth, — Ic. Aitch. et Hemsl., leo, taballi; ' Bot. Mag.ct. 70495 — Ess): ) ELE, Nossa: Perennial; stem 30—75(85) cm high, covered in lower half with few very small appressed hairs or glabrate, glabrous above; leaf blade dissected into 5 petiolulate lobes (petiolule of middle lobe longer, those of each pair of lateral lobes short and united into a common petiolule, giving the leafa ternate appearance), the lobes repeatedly ternately dissected into narrow- linear subfiliform elongate sections, not more than 1—1.5(2)mm broad; raceme to 35cm long, with a glabrous axis; bracts linear-lanceolate, acuminate, slightly shorter than or about half as long as pedicels, glabrous; bracteoles linear,ca. 3—4mm long, glabrous, disposed above middle of pedicels; pedicels 0.8—1.5cm; tepals obtuse, the lower lateral obovate, the upper lateral broad-obovate, 1.2—-1.6cm long, 0.8—1.1cm broad; spur short, almost straight, horizontal, rather obtusely pointed, 1—1.1 cm long, ca. 2—2.25cm wide; follicles 0.7—-0.95cm long. May—July. (Plate XI, Figure 1,a-—e). Dry semidesert slopes in the foothills and the lower mountain zone; to 1,200m.— Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (W.), Pam.-Al., Mtn. Turkm. Gen. distr.: Iran. Described from the vicinity of Meshed. Type in Geneva. Note. Morphologically, this species is extremely sharply demarcated from D.biternatum, with which it is often confused. Apart from the differences already mentioned by V.I. Lipsky (l.c.), the extremely distinctive structure of the follicles, which have prominent thickish ribs, should be noted. Economic importance. Tinctorial plants. From the flowers a yellow dye is extracted, the base of which appears to be quercetin (C15H19Q7). In 142 184 the opinion of N. P. Tarasov (O novom primenii kraski, poluchaemoi iz tsvetov D. semibarbatum Bien.) — New Uses for the Dye Obtained from the Flowers of D.semibarbatum Bien. in Izv. Tadzh. Bazy Akad. Nauk I, 1 (1933) 61, the plant is suitable for the manufacture of light filters, for which purpose it is introduced into melted gelatin, chemically treated, and ceposited on glass; an intense yellow color is produced. L, Gen, pl. ed.5 (1754) 236. Flowers zygomorphic; pedicels with 2 opposite or slightly distant bracteoles; calyx colored, 5-sepaled; upper sepal with a kind of hood, the lower 2 usually unequal. Only 2 of the petals develop, transformed into nectaries; staminodes 3—8; stamens numerous; follicles 3—7,many- seeded. Perennial herbs with an erect, occasionally twining stem. Vernacular name: borets. Economic importance. The poisonous properties of Aconitum were known in antiquity, when it was used both in medicine and for the preparation of various poisons; for example, a preparation made from A.lycoctonum was used to poison wolves, hence its name ''volkoboinik" [wolf's bane]. Today the alkaloids aconitine and pseudoaconitine, obtained from the roots, have various medicinal uses (tuber Aconiti). Not only the roots but the entire plant is poisonous and there have been occasional cases of livestock poisoning from grass and hay containing Aconitum] i Perianth persistent in fruit; leaf lobes narrow-linear or linear- lanceolate, appressed to stem or distant; pistils 5 (or if 3 then the perianth deciduous); flowers yellow, rarely yellow with a bluish tinge re tet Gein tire ra) acs ence woes sce ts nn < pa hel ee 2 aa Perianth not persistent; spur spirally or semispirally curved, or capitate, rarely absent; nectary lamina more or less inflated; flowers flowers yellow, lilac-blue, pale blue, or violet; pistils 3-7 ...... 3. 2. Nectaries notched below the capitate spur, with narrow lamina, and a very large upcurved bilobate lip; pistils always 5 -++-+++++++:: PEE e rate ite ee Wak sic: weyisi fey 5e ea ie, oper fe) Je: vei ee ie le)! esate eeu od 1, A.anthora L. + Nectaries with a slightly curved spur and a narrow slightly convex lamina; hood deeply concave above beak, thus upper part of hood almost covering the beak; in dried specimens pistils 3, flowers always yellow, with more or less prominent dark veins--+-+-++++:: Sete sie, ea pt Sele Ratlam tev eaaee aera eee 2, A.komarovii Steinb. 3. Hood high, cylindric-conical, 2—4 times as high as wide at level of beak, with the exception of A. apetalum, in which hood is as long as or shorter than its width at level of beak; pistils 3 (Section 2. ee ree a amg et IN a oe ca Vee Berke eS 4, rp Hood low, cupola-shaped, its width at level of beak subequal to, slightly less, or slightly more than its height; flowers violet-blue, COU: cc oe ne en ne 5 ee eee © 0 ee eee ee wae HS: * From aconiton, the name of a poisonous plant growing on sheer cliffs, from Theophrastus and Nicander. ** Treatment by E.I,Shteinberg. 143 185 186 Stems twining, flowers bicolor; hood white, lower tepals dingy VOLS E SP ek, ie Ap ARS ato RSS cette Ps eb Me 3. A.albo-violaceum Kom. Stems erect or very slightly flexuouSs ....... 1+ se ee eeeeeese 5. Nectaries very small; spur together with claw not more than 7.5mm long; hood 5—-8cm high......... 10. A.apetalum (Huth) B. Fedtsch. Nectaries always Lomeeicie ia). / lia isnchieeltie> evil (eul- ce nemaaaeare me On Whole plant continuously and densely pubescent; flowers purple- VLOUEL Oe, eas Coe cheer REP Meets Mea \adkel ter Uealsatepttellcrtst gatas 4, A.desoulavyi Kom. Less densely pubescent plants; flowers yellow, greenish yellow, light yellow, white, or dingy grayish violet, sometimes when dry witha. PEGGIUSH tiMgGe: sy) acide Peuceayeeinlende jie) voi ehey kesh hay ede o kG) vo) cba ee eo {0 Flowers greenish yellowish, strongly pubescent with long straight yellow and ca. 1cm-long filiform hairs; bracts and bracteoles also Sheroiavallya jew NOSIS So Gis ceo Be 6 6 eo 8 Boo Clos 7. A.sukaczevii Steinb. Flowers of a different color (but not greenish-yellowish) ....... 8. Flowers yellow; leaves with broad-rhombic lobes (in shape resembling Ranunculus pedatifidu s), borne mainly in lower thitcdeandeat base, Of Steir jos 6 pens lcee ie cement nne sy nia ep S 9. Leaves of 2 different shapely Ga pee gs ges 24, 24, Stem to 50cm, unbranched; raceme few-flowered, hood low (5-10mm high), tapering to a long beak .. .21. A.cymbulatum (Schmalh.) Lipsky. 187 5 Stem usually tall, 50—100cm, sometimes branched; hood to 2.5cm high, broadly cylindric, tapering to a long beak ...........---. Teme ce hae ke be hikers i ashe REE ts toe in ite & 22. A.nasutum Fisch. 25. Stem with more or less long runners produced in axis of leaves Pye a auc e wen ik ei ke is 8 40, A.flagellare (F.Schmidt) Steinb. + SteMe WitMOMt BPUINMeES ) oo tel v fe tce se eit ORNS) « Sea TT ele ee Nie + 26. 26; ..Lamina,of.nectary with spur and lip to 3mm long. ...6..-2.5.. 21. + Lamina of nectary with spur and lip longer than 3mm or strongly INtISsleGAcingik [aes cis ath cof Geta aaa ore a. SRE liek. Shae es: ss 29, 27. Stem simple, not tall, inflorescence a raceme of few large violet flowers; nectary not reaching apex of hood; pistils 5, slightly POCORN RO fin ia is a us) « GER Seb kG, SINS sesh 41, A.delphinifolium DC. ee Stem simple, with only the inflorescence sometimes branched; leaves rounded, the radical with obtuse flat teeth; flowers pale lilac with yellowish lateral lobes; hood navicular (Central Acie 11. Gdeis » 23. 28. Nectary pyriformly pendent, with nectar in its lower part; lip in the form Of,2 {iiitorn. processes; tébeLs Sin sasone eile Gi-ie ase + + alars te ayestys) OEE NUP Tri outa Tao kad! LOE RANE IK EUR ID A RBCS 31. A.macrorhynchum Turcz. Pistils 3; perianth azure, pilose 29, A.sachalinense Fr. Schmidt. Pistils 5; perianth dark blue, glabrate .... 30. A.kusnezoffii Rchb. Raceme’ Compaets tect taal Me ete terre ne wel re, cuter tee chieih elt ai fel ee tetts ite arate tae noe Acie HaAcernne TOOSSET ME Ls. CNC eS SOR R VSS OE SR aiaete cms os topes altro me ote ame le 43, Axis of inflorescence glabrous; flowers violet, glabrous on the OwnsiClss sillenanerans) POMOSE 6.46 6 co 60.0 60.0 0's 38. A.baicalense Turcz. Axes of inflorescence pubescent ....--+-+ + ess eeeeeeeees 42. Flowers numerous, dark violet with a reddish tinge (when dry); inflorescence with distant short soft hairs; leaves thin, with acute teeth; pistilSrslabTrOus <<. ys fe te vo te to i= In tm fe fe) re 36. A.smirnovii Steinb. Raceme few-flowered; leaves not large, with large subobtuse teeth; PoStilisy rm OSL yy lnedcisiyet CAUtcri)) Wy Weceaane ee wie ae 37. A.altaicum Steinb. 146 189 190 43. Stems slender to 3mm thick proximally; raceme of 2—9 violet ESE SE SR SO ee eae 34. A.,ambiguum Rchb. os le ee URE RE ea ls se a ep ets pi gg < Ghee ape ces ape 44, 44, Entire plant quite glabrous; lower bracts frequently very large, ae Re er RoE ah PE Foes Sun 8 fe ro 440" 35. A. flerovii Steinb. + Plants pubescent in region of inflorescence, rarely glabrous but then Re SNe ain a shah el 6 EN ete we ond @ PeLenase hs ea 45. 45. Raceme loose, little branched or proximally branched, the axis with etn cowl hairs: fowees dark Violet os. «emacs 0 pane = yee 8 TN se i Ge a BE ait Ham 0s. 4 39. A.czekanovskyi Steinb. + Raceme strongly branched, its axis with a crisp pubescence, rarely glabrous; flowers violet, glabrous on the outside; filaments sparsely LOT ey gab eg Teh gre a a a ane re re 38. A.baicalense Turcz. 46. Tubers beaded, concrescent, large, (0.8)1—2.5cm or more in eM a needa i dink aE naman RT oo win Rie oa Asi oa ew Gia 3-0 pee: a Rw EBS A 47. + Tubers not large, 5—-8mm in diameter; flowers relatively small. . a a a ie a Ee Sn ms ei ae, Us ae in 50. 47. Leaves dissected into narrow-linear lobes; lobes of the second and third order 1.5—3mm broad; entire plant glabrous, rarely with small crisp hairs in region of inflorescence .... 48. A.karakolicum Rapcs. + I a Na aie hee Bole A i Bae os ands Sanity 8 48, Teed Harrow: stems Sitaple, NOt DAG io ueie «sss tee sete a ene. wee ie soe Ee eee eee eee ree 46. A.angusticassidatum Steinb. am BGOG; DOS on a4 amie Sse TELE EE OO Se an. DP aa ae Re a 49, 49. Tubers 2—2.5cm or more in diameter; middle leaf segments in their meecected. part 0.4—1 ocmibick: flowers ViOlet ox. 5 6,8 0.6 OE EES See ee er ee er ne 47. A.soongoricum Stapf. Gi Tubers 1—2cm in diameter; middle leaf segments in their undissected Roti eoocm thick: lowers AZUTC 0 oss as» 45, A.talassicum M. Pop. 50. Axis of inflorescence and tip of pedicels with small crisp hairs; flowers (when dry) pale violet ..... 49. A.saposhnikovii B. Fedtsch. + Axis of inflorescence and tip of pedicels with small straight hairs, rarely with an admixture of crisp hairs; flowers dark violet.... 51. 9L... Leaves.a—4cm long, with straight teeth; pistils 4-5 . ...,.-s.08--., RNR A cae a aindis aed) sina mhe ie) ib ghee ayn 50. A.tranzschelii Steinb. 12 Leaves 3—8cm long, with slightly arcuately curved teeth pointing te a igs Se ch 0 ae ane eee ke 51. A.nemorum M. Pop. Section 1. ANTHORA DC., Syst. I (1818) 365.— Anthoroidea Rch., Monogr. Aconit. (1820) 33.— Flowers pale yellow, rarely bluish, even more rarely dark reddish lilac; nectary notched below the capitate spur, with a large bilobate upcurved lip, or nectary without a notch but with small lip, not upcurved; follicles 5 and fruiting perianth persistent, or follicles 3 with perianth deciduous; leaves palmately dissected into numerous linear, rarely linear-lanceolate segments with similar lobes; roots tuberous. i A antnota’ i... oo, pl. (1754) See; DC., Prodr. I, 56; C.A.M. ‘in Pag. P i, is, I, 280; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, Go; Kryf., FI. Zap. Sib., 1147; Syreishch., Fl. Mosk. gub. II, 140; Schmal'g., Fl. I, 30.— * The name is derived from anti-thora (thora meaning death), since it was supposed that this plant could be used as an antidote, 147 IGN A.anthorayconfertiflorum DC., Syst. I (1818) 366.— A. de candollii Rchb., Monogr. Aconitum (1820) 67, tab. IIl.— A. pallasii Rehbe dies. Mics iuello. Vil Ave ea P Ay wnt cr ma Ogio ss bien IMPS ISiee tial IRClalg gs: Il, Co: fil tabs Vig le.-e ebb, Wonegics (CL SZ) eelag tee (sub A. de. candoiam Rehb.), IV (sub A. anthoroide DC.), Vi(sub A. anthoroide BO), Vi (sub A.nemoroso M.B. et A. pallasii Rchb.); ej. HI Spec. Acon. (1823-27) tab. LIX, LX; LXI.— Exs.: Pl. orient. exsice. No. 205 (var. Versucolor Stev.). Perennial; tubers ovate or oblong, to 5cm long, 1.5cm broad; stem erect, 15—100cm,in lower part usually few-leaved and glabrous, in upper part with a more or less dense short down or with distant hairs; leaves 1.5-7cm long, 2—10cm broad, palmately multipartite with numerous narrow linear or linear-lanceolate lobes 3, rarely 4mm broad (var. latilobum Sér.), the lower leaves long-petioled, the upper densely covering stem, short- petioled; inflorescence a simple or branched terminal raceme 6—40 cm long; flowers yellow, rarely yellow with a bluish tinge, dark violet (var. versicolor Stev. — Caucasus), or bluish; withered perianth persistent for some time in fruit, covered on the outside with small yellow hairs or glabrate; hood broadly rounded, above the beak more or less concave, 8—20mm long,* 8-15mm broad at level of beak and 7-12mm high; lateral tepals rounded-triangular, with more or less long hairs on the inside and small hairs in the middle part on the outside, ca. 1.7cm long and ca. 1.5cm broad, lower tepals unequal, ca. 1.7cm long and 0.5 and 0.7cm broad; nectaries with a notch below the capitate spur, a narrow lamina, and a very large upcurved bilobate lip 2-3mm in diameter; filaments broadened proximally, with or without teeth in middle part, in upper part with hairs or glabrous; pistils and follicles 5, uniformly pubescent or glabrous with hairs at apex of ovary or on the dorsal surface (var. anthoroideum (DC.) Regl.); seeds triquetrous, not broadly scarious-winged on the ribs. July— August. (Plate XII, Figure 1, a—i). Steppe meadows, rarely in inundated or dry-valley meadows, herb- covered and stony slopes, and mountain river valleys; in the alpine zone in alpine meadows and tundras, and on glacial moraines.— European part: MM. (Dnp.; Bl. .. Don, Dransv.,, Li Vien Crim.; \Caucasus:, Cisc., seaman Wi Eranse:,, Dag; Wiosiberta: ilet.., Altt; se olbermias. Mens. (S.)s Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb. Gen. distr.: Centr.” Bur. Atl. Eur, W.andeb Wieder Bal. Described from W.Europe. Type in London. Note. Inthe USSR, A.anthora L. varies greatly in the relation between the pubescence of the entire plant and that of the stamens and ovaries, as well as in the relation between the overall dimensions of the plant and of the leaves. Monographic treatment of this collective species will make it possible to separate a series of small-flowered races. For the present we shall retain the blue-flowered race A. anthora under the name of var. versicolor Stev. The Caucasian var. versi- color differs greatly both in color and in pubescence from the blue- flowered W.European race, A.coeruleum Blocki, so far known only from Galicia. As far as can be judged from dried specimens, these * " Inthe sections Authora, Napellus, and Catenata, length of hood is taken as the distance from its apex to its point of attachment to the pedicel; width of hood is measured at level of beak; its height is taken as the distance from its apex to the base of its notch. 148 192 varieties share the general violet tinge, but in A. coeruleum all the tepals are concolor, while in var. versicolor the lateral lower tepals are mostly lighter, though violet specimens are also encountered. Apparently the pubescence of the inflorescence of A.coeruleum consists of small crisp hairs, while invar. versicolor Stev. the hairs of the inflorescence are distant. Specimens of A. anthora with bluish and lilac flowers have been found in Siberia and eastern Altai. Economic importance. The bitter root of A. anthora was formerly used in medicine (radix Anthorae) as an antidote to poison, to cure fever. and to combat helminths, etc. 2. A.komarovii Steinb., nomen novum.— A.coreanum Levl. in Fedde, Repert sp. nov. VII (1909) 137/139 101, non Rapcs. (1907).-A.koreanum Nakai in Bot. Mag. Tokyo XXVIII (1914) 57.— A. anthora (non L.) Kom., Fl. Mandsh. II, 259. Perennial; roots in the form of fusiformly thickened tubers; stem to 1.5m, erect, slightly flexuous distally, at the middle evenly leafy, branching mostly confined to the inflorescence, glabrous in lower part, in upper part and on pedicels densely covered with small falcate hairs; leaves to 10cm broad and as long, 5-palmatisect, the 2 outer segments proximally connate, the middle segment narrowly cuneate, as if petioluled; segments parted into 1—2cm long, 1—3mm broad lobes; lower leaves with long (to 10cm) petioles, the upper with short appressed petioles; leaves glabrous, only the upper sometimes with a slight pubescence of short falcate hairs, all leaves with prominent midribs beneath; inflorescence a simple or branched raceme; flowers 2—3cm long, 1—2cm broad, yellow with prominent darker sometimes slightly bluish venation, pedicels 0.5—4cm long, with 2 short filiform bracts at about their middle; perianth densely covered on the outside with small yellowish crisp hairs and isolated black hairs (perianth not persistent in fruit); hood navicular, above the beak strongly concave, in full flower, after drying, apparently flattened, 1.5—2.5cm long, 1—1.8cm broad, and 0.7—1.3cm high; nectary spurs capitate, slightly curved, with prominent undulate veins on the surface visible with a hand lens), sometimes with sparse hairs; claw of nectary 1.5—2cm long, the lamina with incurved margins, one-third to two-fifths as long as the claw, with 2 conspicuous veins, broadening toward base, terminating in 2 lobes or apically rounded, and with a saccate outgrowth where clawand lamina meet; filaments gradually tapering to apex, with hairs at the margins and on the back in the middle part; pistils 3,densely covered with whitish falcate hairs; fruit less pubescent. August-September. (Plate XII, Figure 2, a-—i). Sparse shrub thickets, dry shortgrass meadows, and argillaceous-stony mountain slopes.— Far East: Uss. Gen. distr.: Jap.-Ch. Described from Korea. Type in Leningrad. Section 2. LYCOCTONUM DC., Syst. (1818) 366.— Lycoctonoidea Rchb., Mon. gen. Ac. (1920) 32.— Perianth deciduous; follicles 3; flowers light yellow, yellow, pale violet, or reddish; hood cylindric or conical, apically somewhat recurved at maturity; nectary with a straight or almost straight claw, a spiral or semispiral slender spur, a narrow, not saccately 149 inflated lamina, and a small straight lip; root mostly a taproot of connate root fibers. Series 1. Volubilia Steinb. — Twining plants with large cauline leaves 3-cleft into broad lobes; flowers with a white hood and dingy violet lower tepals; pistils densely pubescent.— Far Hast. 3. A. albo-violaceum Kom. in A.H.P. XVIII No.6 (1901) 439; Kom., Fl. Mandsh. II, 251: Kom. and Alis., Opred. rast... Dal'nevost.. kr aL 535: Nakai in Journ. Sc. Imp. Univ. Tokyo XXVI (1909) 27; Nakai, Flora koreana in Journ. of the Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) XXXI (1917) 221.—A.lyco- etonum var. septentrionale lusus volubilis Maxim. in herb.— Ic.: A.H.P. XXII (1904) tab. 5.— Perennial; stem 2—3mm thick, semidecumbent, semitwining, frequently forming large entanglements, entirely covering adjacent shrubs, erect or ascending at base, weak, covered with very sparse appressed hairs, their 193 upper twining part fairly densely pubescent; radical leaves long-petioled (to 30cm or more), 15—20cm broad, 8—12cm long, orbicular, cleft to the middle into 5 broad lobes (to 5cm broad, at base),each lobe with 3 obscure lobules with rounded teeth, each tooth bearing a gland; cauline leaves short-petioled, triangular, trilobate, more similar to some species of Geranium than normal for Aconitum; leaves with sparse short yellowish hairs covering entire surface above, only along the veins beneath, ciliate-margined; inflorescence of numerous smallish rather loose racemes in leaf axils; inflorescence branches and pedicels densely covered with bright yellow rigid hairs, bracts narrow-linear, at base of pedicels; perianth with long straight hairs on the outside; hood broadly clavate, closed, white, 17-23mm high, 4—7mm broad in upper -part, 3—5mm in middle part, 10—l14mm broad at level of beak; lateral tepals 10—11 mm long, 8—10mm broad, violet, on the outside glabrous with a dark stripe, covered with hairs at the middle, on the inside also glabrous with a tuft of long yellow hairs at outer margin; lower tepals unequal, 8—11mm long, to 3 and to 6mm broad, respectively, on the outside pubescent on the inside glabrous with atuft of yellow hairs at outer margin of largest tepals; lateral and lower tepals ciliate-margined; nectaries with an almost straight claw (15-18mm long); spur slender, somewhat reflexed, semispirally curved; lamina straight, terminating in an obscure lip; filaments glabrous, broadened from the middle; pistils 3, with a dense dorsal ridge of long yellow hairs, apparently not deciduous at maturity. July—August. Always in deep shade and on stony humous soil of riparian valley forests and banks of rivulets.— Far East: Ze.-Bu., Uss. Gen. distr.: Jap.-Ch. Described from Manchuria (between Ningut and Omoso). Type in Leningrad. Series 2, Pubescentia Steinb.— Strong erect plants, densely and uninterruptedly pubescent; flowers purple-violet— pistils glabrous or slightly pubescent. — Far East. 4, A.desoulavyi Kom. in Bull. Jard. Bot. Pétersb. XVI (1916) 168; Kom. and Alis., Opred. rast. Dal'nevost. kr. 1 536) 150 194 197 Perennial; stem to 1m high, strong, erect or slightly flexuous, densely covered with soft spreading white hairs especially in the inflorescence; radical leaves with long (to 20cm) pubescent petioles, orbicular, quinquepar- tite, to 10cm long, to 17cm broad, their lobes coarsely incised dentate, each tooth with an apical gland; cauline leaves 1—2, short-petioled, resembling radical leaves in shape and pubescence; leaves covered with soft appressed hairs above, more densely pubescent along the veins beneath; inflorescence racemose, branching in lower part, branches to 8cm long; bracts small, to 5mm long, linear, pubescent, on middle part of pedicels; flowers purple-violet; hood clavate, pubescent, with an obscure triangular tooth on each side, with a very acute beak below; 1.7—2.5cm high, 4-—7mm broad in middle part, 10—13mm broad at level of beak; lateral tepals to 1cm long, to 7-8mm broad, rounded-triangular, on the outside glabrous with a dark hairy stripe only in the middle part, on the inside glabrous with a tuft of short hairs at outer margin; lower tepals unequal, to 10mm long, and to 4 and 9mm broad, respectively, pubescent on the outside, glabrous on the inside; nectaries with a slightly curved claw, a slender semispirally curved spur, and a narrow lamina terminating in a smallish notched-truncate lip; filaments glabrous, with 2 teeth in the middle or broadened from the middle; follicles 3, slightly pubescent or glabrous. July—August. Forest margins.— Far East: Uss. Gen. distr.: Jap.-Ch. Described from the coast at Nakhtakhe Bay. Type in Leningrad. Series 3. Ranunculoidea Steinb.— Plants with cuneately parted leaves resembling those of Ranunculus pedatifidus; flowers yellow, spur semispirally curved; stamens glabrous; pistils glabrous, rarely pubescent. 5. A.ranunculoides Turcz., Fl. baic.-dah. I (1842) 78; Ldb., Fl. Ross. r Of: eae Lye Oe ton um 6 Turez,, 1.c.— ASlycoctonum 's pallidum lus. a. ranunculoides Rgl., Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou XXXIV (1861) 75. Perennial; stem to 70cm high, simple, slender (2 mm in diameter in middle part), slightly lustrous, glabrous only in upper part, in inflorescence more or less pubescent, with small crisp hairs; radical leaves 2—4, their petioles 7—15cm, glabrous, rarely with very sparse hairs, the blade to 5cm long and to 8cm broad, orbicular, with sparse appressed hairs above, more densely hairy along the veins, lighter-colored beneath, quite glabrous or with sparse long hairs confined to the veins; leaves palmately parted into 3—5 lobes, each with 3 lobules terminating in rounded acuminate glanduliferous teeth, the middle lobe usually with 3, the lateral with 2 teeth; leaves ciliate-margined; inflorescence a very loose terminal raceme of 4—10 flowers; flowers yellow, the lower on pedicels to 5cm long, with small filiform bracteoles in lower half of pedicels; hood cylindric, with a curved apex at end of flowering, covered with small crisp hairs; hood 1—1.3cm high, to 4mm broad in middle and upper parts, to 1 cm broad at level of beak; lateral tepals 7-9mm broad and as long, on the outside glabrate with a single median row of hairs, on the inside also glabrous with a distal tuft of marginal long yellow hairs; tepals slightly ciliate-margined; lower tepals slightly unequal, to 1cm long, ca. 2—2.5and 3.4mm broad, 15] Va S NZ QV a : LULMEE ie SSA le ——— HSE — ite) (op) ri — A.komarovii Steinb. Details of each species: a) habit, b) tubers, c) single flower, d) hood, e) middle and lower tepals, f) nectary, g) stamen, h) young follicles, i) part of stem and inflorescence. Q— PLATE XII. 1 —Aconitum anthora L.; 152 198 on the outside pubescent, on the inside glabrous with a tuft of long hairs at outer margin of the largest tepal, more or less ciliate-margined; nectaries with a straight claw, the lamina half as long as the claw terminating in a cordate or orbicular lip; spur semispiral; filaments glabrous, broadened from the middle, with or without 2 teeth at the middle; pistils 3, glabrous, or slightly pubescent when young. July—August. (Plate (Plate XIII, Figure 1, a—f). Larch and spruce forests.— E.Siberia: Lena-Kol., Ang.-Say., Dau.; Bar smasti~ Zes-Bu. (W.). Endemic. Described from the vicinity of Gorbitsa at the mouth of the Urov River in Transbaikalia. Type in Leningrad. 6. A.ajanense Steinb., sp. nova in Addenda VI, p.556.—A.lyco- ctonum var. cynoctonum Trautv. et Mey. in Middend. Reise Band. I, Theil 2 (1856) 12.- A. lycoctonum 8, a. Ldb., Fl. Ross. I (1842) 66 p.p. Perennial; stem to 60cm, erect, unbranched or slightly branched only at base of inflorescence, glabrous in lower part, upper part covered with yellow crisp hairs, especially in the inflorescence; leaves crowded at base and in lower part of stem, with long (to 20cm) petioles, petioles sometimes with straight sparse hairs, more often glabrous; leaf blade thin, glabrate on both surfaces, with sparse hairs above, along the veins dark green above and gray-green beneath, lustrous ciliate-margined, resembling in shape the leaves of Aconitum ranunculoides Turcz.; inflorescence a terminal sparsely flowered raceme of large sulfur yellow flowers, on pedicels (about as long as the flowers) with small filiform bracts about their middle or at their base; hood broadly clavate, with distant or slightly crisp yellow hairs, beak strongly produced anteriorly and with a dark apical patch, 17-—23mm high, to 7mm broad in its upper and middle parts, to 15mm broad at level of beak; lateral tepals ovate, 0.8cm long, 0.7—0.9 cm broad, on the outside glabrous with a dark pubescent stripe in the middle, on the inside also glabrous with a distal tuft of long yellow hairs at outer margin, long-ciliate- margined; lower tepals attenuate toward base, unequal, 0.7—1 cm long, 0.2—0.3 and 0.4—0.5cm broad, respectively, on the outside pubescent, on the inside glabrous, with a tuft of long hairs on outer margin of largest tepal, ciliate-margined; spur of nectary semispirally curved, the lamina one- third as long as the claw, terminating in an orbicular lip; filaments glabrous, broadened from the middle, with teeth on one or both sides; pistils 3, glabrous, rarely pubescent. July—August. Valley forests on the coast of the Sea of Okhotsk.— Far East: Uda, Sakh. Endemic. Described from the shores of Ayan Bay (collections of the Hydrographic Expedition of the Eastern Ocean [Pacific Ocean],1916). Type in Leningrad. Note. A.ajanense is closely related to A. ranunculoides Turcez. and may be considered as a far Eastern race of the latter. Itis distinguished from A.ranunculoides by its larger flowers, the shape of its hood, and its nectary spur. Series 4. Longibracteolata Steinb.— Plants with filiform, long (to 1 cm) bracts and similar bracteoles adjacent to flower; pubescence of long yellow hairs; spur capitate, slightly curved pistils; glabrous.— Lake Baikal. 153 Gis 7. A.sukaczevii Steinb., sp. neva in Addenda VI, p. 557. Perennial; stem erect, 40—45cm, covered with soft straight distant hairs, pubescence in the inflorescence denser, of yellowish hairs; radical leaves 1 or 2, with long (15—20cm) petioles covered with distant hairs; leaf blade pentagonal in general outline, to 4-7cm long, 8—10cm broad, parted to three-fourths into broadly cuneate nonoverlapping lobes, terminating in rounded-acuminate glanduliferous lobules; leaf blade covered with short appressed hairs above and with long straight hairs confined to the veins beneath, ciliate-margined; in cauline leaves the lobules, if present, narrower than in radical leaves; inflorescence a rather loose simple terminal raceme of greenish yellowish flowers with short (3-5mm) pedicels; bracts to 1cm long, linear, adjacent to flower; hood conical, covered with straight slightly accumbent hairs, 1—1.5cm, 4-—5mm broad in middle part, 10-14mm broad at level of strongly produced beak; lateral tepals oblong, 10-12mm long, 7—9mm broad, glabrous, with a yellow stripe, covered with spreading hairs, with a tuft of hairs in middle part on the outside and a subterminal tuft on the inside; lower tepals unequal, ca. 1cm long,ca. 3 and 6mm broad, on the outside pubescent, on the inside glabrous with a tuft of hairs at outer margin of large tepal, ciliate-margined; hectaries with a straight claw, an almost straight somewhat thickened spur, and a smallish bilobate lip; stamens 10-14, filaments glabrous, gradually broadening from the middle; follicles 3, glabrous. July. (Plate XIII, Figure 3, a—d). Mossy Siberian stone pine forests.— E.Siberia: Ang.-Say. Endemic. Described from Lake Baikal, Uluntui gorge, near Slyudyanka station. Type in Leningrad. Series 5. Umbrosa Steinb.— Plants with dingy yellow or yellow flowers and a spiral spur; pistils glabrous or slightly pubescent.— Far East. 8. A.umbrosum (Korsh.) Kom. in A.H.P. XXII (1904) 250.— A.lyco- ctonum subsp. genuinum f. umbrosum Korsh. in A.H.P. XII (1892— 1893) 299-300.— A.lycoctonum e€ vulparia Rgl.in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXIV (1861) 79 (pro parte).— A. pallidum Maxim., Prim. Fl. Amur. (1859) 24, non Rchb.— Ic.: Trans. of the Sapp. Natur. Hist. Soc. XIV, (1935) t.2.— nectary. Perennial; stem somewhat ascending, subsequently erect, 80—120cm high, in lower part slightly pubescent inflorescence strongly pubescent with short crisp hairs; radical leaves 1 or 2, long-petioled (to 40cm), the blade to 10cm long and 20cm broad; cauline leaves 2—3, with very short petioles; leaves 5—7-partite, the lobes broad-rhombic, cuneate, separating at apex into 3 coarsely dentate lobules; lobes slightly overlapping; leaves covered with short appressed hairs especially along the veins above, usually pubescent only along the veins beneath, ciliate-margined; inflorescence a loose terminal few-flowered raceme slightly branched at base; lower bracts leaflike, the middle one lanceolate, the upper linear; lower peduncles spreading, ascending, 40—55mm long; flowers dingy yellow; bracteoles small, filiform, at middle part or at base of pedicels; hood broadly cylindric, slightly compressed in the middle, apically broadened with a retrorse beak, covered with very small crisp hairs, 15—17mm long, 7—10mm broad in middle part, 10—13mm at level of beak; lateral tepals orbicular or 154 oval-rounded, 9—11mm long and almost as broad, on the outside glabrous with small hairs only in middle part, on the inside also glabrous with a terminal tuft of long yellow hairs, the tepals long-ciliate at margin; lower tepals somewhat unequal, 7-9mm long, 2—4mm broad, on the outside pubescent, on the inside quite glabrous and the largest tepal ciliate-margined with a terminal tuft of long hairs; nectaries with a spirally recurved spur and a short straight emarginate lip; filaments glabrous, broadened from the middle, with or without 1 or 2 teeth on each side; pistils 3, glabrous or slightly pubescent. June—August. (Plate XIII, Figure 2,a—d). Mountain slopes, river valleys, dense shady broadleaf and coniferous forests, and damp soil rich in humus.— Far East: Okh., Ze.-Bu., Uda, Uss., Sakh. Gen. distr.: Jap.-Ch. Described from an area near the settlement of Bidzhanskoe on the Amur River. Type in Leningrad. 9. A.crassifolium Steinb.,sp. nova in Addenda VI, p.557. Perennial; stem to 70cm, erect or slightly flexuous, simple, pubescent throughout, in lower part sparsely, in upper part, especially the inflorescence, densely covered with small crisp yellowish hairs; leaves 4 or 5 at base of stem, petioles 5—15cm bearing long sparse hairs; leaf blade rounded- pentagonal,in general outline 4—6cm long, 6—10cm broad, parted to three- fourths into rounded broad-rhombic lobes, each lobe divided into 2—3 lobes of the second order with 2 or 3 obtuse glanduliferous teeth; cauline leaf 1, with more acute teeth, or none; lower lobes not overlapping; leaves covered with appressed straight hairs above and mainly along the veins beneath, ciliate-margined; inflorescence a few-flowered terminal raceme frequently branched proximally; peduncles long, very distant (4-20 cm apart); flowers yellow; pedicels as long as or much shorter than the flowers, with small filiform bracteoles in middle part or at base; hood conical, with a forward protruding beak, covered with yellow crisp, rarely short straight hairs, 1.8-2.5cm high, 5-8mm broad in upper and middle parts, 12—15mm broad at level of beak; lateral tepals orbicular, 0.7— 0.9cm long, almost as broad, on the outside glabrous, with small hairs confined to middle part, on the inside also glabrous with a terminal tuft of long yellow hairs; lobe margins eciliate or slightly ciliate; lower tepals unequal, 0.7—0.9cm long and 0.2—0.4cm broad, respectively, attenuate, on the outside pubescent, on the inside glabrous, largest tepal with a terminal tuft of long yellow hairs, ciliolate-margined; spur spirally, rarely semi- spirally curved somewhat like A. umbrosum (Korsh.) Kom.; filaments glabrous, broadened from the middle, with or without teeth on both sides; pistils 3,more or less pubescent. July—August. Paths and clearings of coniferous forests.— Far East: Uss. Endemic. Described from the Maritime Territory (Sovetskaya Gavan). Type in Leningrad. 200 Series 6. Micrantha Steinb.— Flowers with a very short hood (4-8 mm long) long) and extremely small nectaries, spur with claw 5—6mm long. — Central Asia. 10. A.apetalum (Huth) B. Fedtsch.,comb. nova.— A.lycoctonum L. var. micranthum Rgil. in A.H.P. VIII(1884) 641.— Delphinium 165 201 apetalum Huth in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XX (1895) 398.— A. lycoctonum forma B.Fedtsch. in Bull. 1'Herb. Boiss. IV No.9 (1904) 914.— Russian name: akonit melkolepestnyi [small-petaled]. Perennial; stem to 2m,erect, strong, to 1.5cm thick, glabrous or pubescent in lower part with retrorse straight hairs, middle part and inflorescence with small simple crisp hairs, branching only in the inflorescence; radical and lower cauline leaves with long (30—40 cm) petioles, bearing straight hairs, rarely glabrous and costate; leaf blade reniform-rounded, to 15cm long, to 25cm broad, parted into 5—7 broadly cuneate overlapping lobes, each lobe terminating in 3 large lobes of the second order and further separated into 3 lobules with large acuminate teeth; shape of cauline leaves similar to radical leaves, like them petiolate with long internodes; all leaves glabrous above, and with crisp hairs along the veins beneath, crisp-ciliate-margined; inflorescence a long (to 60cm) many-flowered raceme branched in its lower part; flowers smallish, yellow (grayish brown when dry), pedicels 5-10mm, about as long as the flowers, bearing proximal 2 filiform bracteoles, 8—11mm long, hood conical, not high (4-8 mm high), with a strongly protruding beak 8—13mm long, the hood covered with small falcate-crisp hairs,ca. 3mm broad in upper and middle parts, 8—11mm broad at level of beak; lateral tepals rounded-oval, 8—10mm long, 6—7mm broad, on the inside quite glabrous, on the outside with a slight pubescence of short crisp hairs in middle part, margins slightly ciliate; lower tepals slightly unequal, 7—9mm long and 2 and 3mm broad, respectively, on the outside with short straight appressed or crisp hairs, on the inside quite glabrous, very slightly ciliate-margined; nectaries very short, spur together with claw 5—6mm long, the spur capitate, slightly recurved, the lamina half as long as the straight claw, terminating in a subobtuse lip; filaments quite glabrous, broadening from middle downward, rarely with one tooth in the middle; pistils 3, with yellowish hairs either uninterruptedly or only dorsally covered densely, rarely the hairs only in lower part of ovary or the hairs appressed; in mature follicles the hairs more sparse; seeds 3-6. July—September. (Plate XIII, Figure 5, a-—c). In the high-mountain zone.— Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb. Gen. distr.: Kuldja. Described from Kuldja. Type in Leningrad. Series 7. Longicassidata Steinb.— Length of hood to 4 times as great as its width. Mostly tall plants, sometimes very strong, with cuneate- lanceolate leaf segments or broad-rhombic lobes; flowers bright yellow or dingy violet, in the latter case the peduncles arcuate; ovaries pubescent or glabrous. 11. A.excelsum Rchb., III. sp. gen. Acon. (1820) LIII; Syreishch., Il. Fl. Mosk. gub. fl, 140; Kryl., El. Zap. Sib. V.. 1 05i5) Macvckme shleore Ross., (ed: 6, 389: A. vulparia CAM. in Ldby Ml. Ade bh (lsea)eems non Rehbi= A slycoctonum Ldb.,, Fl Ross. (iy 66; 4@urez.. (ul gieaier. dah. 77-— A. lycoctonum B septentrionale Schmathy onl. I (1895) 31.—A.szeewaldianum Prodan in Bul. Gard. Bot. Cluj VI, Nos. 3—4 (1926) 119.—Ic.: Rchb., Il. sp. gen... Ac, tab. els Syacershchelacam ule 140; Prodanin Bul. Gard. Bot. Cluj VI (1926) tab. IV.— Exs.: Pl. Finl. exs. No.652. 156 202 203 Perennial; stem tall (65—200cm), costate; stem, petioles, and pedicels covered with distant or slightly tangled hairs; leaves large, cordate-rounded or reniform-rounded, to 15cm long, to 25cm broad, pedately 3—9-parted for two-thirds or three-fourths into broad sub-rhombic lobes apically 3-cleft into coarsely dentate lobules of the second order; radical and cauline leaves with very sparse slightly appressed hairs or glabrate above, more densely hairy beneath, especially along the veins, hairs straight, rarely slightly crisp,margins ciliate; inflorescence a loose terminal raceme, branching at base, peduncles and pedicels arcuate, divergent, with 2 bracteoles (1— 10mm long) at base or in middle part or below middle of pedicels; flowers dingy violet or grayish violet; hood with rather sparse small hairs, 1.5—2.5cm high, conical-cylindric or subcylindric, 6-8mm broad distally, 5—7mm broad in middle part, and 10—15mm broad at level of beak, frequently inclined forward, mostly narrowed in the middle, with a strongly produced beak; lateral tepals ovate-rounded or slightly oblique, 9-10mm long, 7—8mm broad, on the outside glabrous but for a line of hairs in middle part, on the inside with a tuft of long yellow sometimes profuse hairs at outer margin, margins slightly ciliate; lower tepals unequal, 7-10mm long,ca. 2—2.5 and 4—5mm broad, respectively, on the outside pubescent, on the inside glabrous with a tuft of yellow or whitish hairs at outer margin of largest tepal, rarely without such hairs; claw of nectary slightly curved in upper part, the spur annularly or spirally volute; filaments glabrous, broadened in proximal half; pistils 3, glabrous, rarely pubescent (var. rubicundum (Fisch.) Steinb.); seeds triquetrous, transverse-rugose, usually with pellucid-membranous scales on the wrinkles. June—August. (Plate XIII, Figure 4, a—d). Forests, forest margins, tall herbaceous vegetation, forest meadows, bottomland deciduous forest, gullies, riverbanks, mountains to the timber- line, subalpine, and rarely alpine meadows.— Arctic: Arc. Eur.; European party Maris Bap.yDvisrech.,/ Lad .-0m:,) 50 ..Dnp.,) U.V., -M., Dap... V5 Don, V.-Kama, Transv.; W.Siberia: Alt., Irt.; E.Siberia: Ang.-Say., Lena- Kol), Dau.;Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb., T. Sh... Gen. distr.:. Jap.-Ch. Described from vicinity of Moscow. Type in Vienna. Note. A.rubicundum Fisch., described in Ser. Mus. helv. I (1823) 135 from Dauria and distinguished by pubescent ovaries and reddish and yellow middle tepals, is considered here as a variety, since, after examination of all the material of A.excelsum from Transbaikalia and the former Irkutsk Province, it was concluded that the entire range of transitions between densely pubescent ovaries (6 herbarium specimens) and quite glabrous ones exists. It is possible that the reddish tinge is due to drying; observations of live specimens is necessary to clarify this question. Economic importance. The alkaloid aconitine, contained in A.excelsum, induces a general paralysis with death following within a few hours; sheep and goats are most often affected. (M.Papkov., Tr. Byuro po prikl. botanike, Vol. 4, 1911(1912), 552). 12. A.orientale Mill. in Gard. Dict. ed. III (1768) No.10; Boiss., Fl. Or. I, 95; Suppl. 2; Somm. et Lev., Enum. 29; Rchb., III spec. gen. Ac. (1823-1827) 29; Buschin Fl. cauc. crit. III, No.3 (1901) 74; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II (1930) 102.— A. ochroleucum Willd., Sp. pl. 2 (1799) 157 204 1233: DC., Prodr. I, 58.—A.lasiostomum Spreng. Syst. II, 520, non Rchb.— A. lycoctonum var. orientale Rgl., in Bull. Soc. Nat., Mosc. (1861) Ill, 76.—A.lycoctonum subsp. orientale Schmalh., F1, 1'(1895) 31 /—"les “Rehbiy tt ec: tab. 295° “My Bieb. "Gent. vias Perennial; stem to 2m, erect, strong, to 8mm thick proximally, slightly costate, glabrous, with small soft recurved hairs or more rigid straighter hairs in upper part, especially in the inflorescence; radical leaves with long petioles (to 20cm), to 10-15 cm long and to 20cm broad, 5—7-palma- tipartite, with broad cuneate lobes, each divided into 3 lobules with acute teeth; cauline leaves similar to radical; cauline and radical leaves covered with very small sparse hairs or glabrous above, beneath pubescent mainly along the very prominent veins, all leaves ciliate-margined; inflorescence a compact few-flowered terminal raceme, branched in its lower part, the inflorescence branches rising arcuately; flowers white, yellowish or rarely pale violet (var. coloratum E. Bordz.), their pedicels short, arcuately curved with 2 bracteoles at base or in lower part; hood with small appressed hairs on the outside, narrow, conical-cylindric, 15—26mm high, 2—3mm broad in upper part, 4—5mm broad in middle part, and 10-—14mm broad at level of beak, the latter protruding far forward; lateral tepals rounded-triangular, 6-10mm long, 7—10mm broad, on the outside pubescent in middle part, glabrous-margined, on the inside glabrous, with more or less profuse yellow hairs at outer margin, the hairs frequently protruding from the rictus, tepal margins almost eciliate; lower tepals unequal, 6-10mm long, 2—3 and 4—5mm broad, respectively, on the outside densely pubescent, on the inside glabrous with a tuft of whitish or yellowish hairs at outer margin of largest tepal, the tepals densely ciliate-margined; nectary with a very Slender subannularly curved spur and a smallish emarginate lip, not usually reaching apex of hood; filaments glabrous, abruptly broadened from the middle, or with a tooth on each side; pistils 3, glabrous, rarely pubescent (var. eriocarpum Akinf.); fruits black. July—August. Damp grass patches in the mountain-forest and subalpine zones. — Caucasus: Cisc., E.Transc., Dag. Gen. distr.: Bal.-As. Min. Described from cultivated specimens. 13, A.barbatum Pers., Syn. Pl. II (1807) 83; Rchb., III, sp. gen. Ac. (1823-1827) tab.XLV; Ldb., Fl. Ross. 1(1842) 67; Kom. in A.H.P. XXII (1904) 249, pro parte; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V (1931) 1153.-— A. sibiri- cum Poir., Encycl. meth. Suppl. 1(1810) 113.— A. hispidum DC., Syst. 1 (1818) 367.- A. gmelini Rchb., Uebers. Gatt. Aconitum (1819) 63; III. spec. gen. Ac. tab. XLVI.—A.barbatum 8 hispidum DC., Prodr. 1 (1824) 58; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 67.-A.squarrosum DC,, Syst. 1(1818) 368.—A. Lleptanthum Rehby 1. estab, aay. A.ochranthum C.A.M. in Ldb., Fl. Alt. II (1830) 285.— A. lycocto- num var. barbatum Rgl. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXVI, No. 3 (1861) M7.— 2? A.borzaeanum Prod: in Bull sGrad Bot Gluj- VaiNosat—a (1925) 44.—Ic.: Rehb., l.c., tab. XLIV et XLVI; Ldb., Ic. pl. Fi. Ross. V, tab. 406 (sub A. ochrantho C.A.M.); Prod. in Bul. Gard. Bot. Cluj. VI (1926) tab.I (sub A. borzaeano Prod.). Perennial; stem erect, subcylindric, 50—120cm, appressed-downy, rarely almost smooth; base of stem and petioles covered with sometimes 158 205 spreading or retrorse hairs; leaves 6—10cm long, orbicular or reniform, 10—16 cm broad, with short hairs above and longer hairs beneath (denser along the veins), the leaves pedately 3—5-sect, their segments deeply parted into broadly or narrowly lanceolate dentate lobules, frequently with falcately curved tips; radical leaves 2 or 3, long-petioled, cauline leaves also 2 or 3; inflorescence a simple 8—-25cm long raceme, sometimes branching proximally; flowers sulfur yellow, longer than pedicels, pedicels with 2 filiform bracteoles at base or in lower half; hood covered on the outside with a minute down, conical-cylindric, 16—-24mm high, 2—3mm broad in upper part, 4—5mm broad in middle part, 10-11 mm broad at level of beak, the lower margin ciliolate; lateral tepals rounded-ovate, 8—10mm long, 7—9mm broad, on the outside pubescent in middle part, glabrous-margined, on the inside with a tuft of yellow hairs at outer margin, the hairs protruding from the rictus; lower tepals slightly unequal, 8-9mm long, 2—3 and 3—4mm broad, respectively, on the outside densely pubescent, on the inside glabrous or with a tuft of long hairs at outer margin, margins of tepals long-ciliate; nectaries erect, the spur short, obtuse, straight or slightly curved, the lip slightly emarginate; filaments glabrous, rarely ciliate at the middle; pistils 3, downy, like the 3 follicles; seeds triquetrous, with one scarious longitudinal wing, transverse-rugose with pellucid- scarious scales on the wrinkles. June—August. (Plate XIII, Figure 6). Dry-valley meadows, gravelly and stony slopes, and occasionally rather sparse coniferous and mixed forests, mainly on southern slopes. — W.Siberia: Ob, Irt., Alt.; E.Siberia: Yenis., Lena-Kol., Ang.-Say., Dau.: Far East: Ze.-Bu. Gen. distr.: Mong., Jap.-Ch. Described from Siberia. Type in London. ; 14, A.kirinense Nakai in Rep. first scient. exped. to Manchoukuo, sect. IV, (1935) 147.— A. barbatum forma Maxim., Prim. Fl. Amur. (1859) 24.— A. barbatum Kom. in A.H.P. XXXII (1904) 249 p.p. Perennial; rootstock a simple or branched taproot, dark grayish brown; stem to 1m or more,in lower part glabrous or covered with long distant hairs, in upper part the hairs small and falcate; radical leaves long- petioled (to 30cm), to 12cm long, 15—20cm broad, parted into 3—5 broad- rhombic lobes varying greatly in breadth; middle lobe 4—8cm broad in its undissected part, each lobe of the first order separated into broad(1.5—4cm) lobules of the second order terminating in few large acuminate teeth; leaves dark green above, covered with appressed slightly crisp hairs, paler beneath, glabrous, with hairs confined to the veins; petioles with long white hairs in their upper part; inflorescence a long raceme, branched in its lower part; flowers pale yellow or yellow, on the outside with small crisp hairs; hood 15—25mm high, 10—13mm broad at level of beak; lateral tepals orbicular, 7-10mm long, 6—8mm broad, on the outside pubescent in middle part, on the inside with a tuft of long hairs at outer margin; lower tepals unequal, 6—7mm long, 2—3 and 4—5mm broad, respectively, on the outside pubescent, on the inside glabrous or with a small tuft of hairs at outer margin, the tepals ciliate-margined; filaments broadened toward base, with or without teeth; pistils 3, glabrous. July—September. Forest meadows and rock fissures in oak forests.— Far East: Ze.-Bu., Uss. Gen. distr.: Jap.-Ch. Described from Kirin Province. Type in Tokyo. 159 206 209 15. A.lasiostomum Rchb., III, spec. Acon. generis (1823-1827) 49; Syreishch., Fl. Mosk. gub. Il (1907) 141; Gayer, Vorarbeiten zur Monogr. der europ. Acon.- Arten in Mag. Bot. Lapok VIII (1909) 316.— A.pallidum Rchb., l.c., tab.50; Petunnikow, Ser. Bot., fase: XIII (1896) 54; Rapaics, Syst. Ac. gen. in Néven. Kézlem. VI (1907) 147.— A.myoctonum Rchb., l.c., 51.—Ic.: Rchb., l.c., tab. 49 et 50 (sub A.pallido); Syreishch., l.c., 141; Maevskii, Fl. Sr. Ross. (1933) 339.— Exs.: HFR No. 205 (sub A. pallido Rchb.). Perennial; stem erect, 1—1.5m, rarely higher, slightly costate proximally, covered with very short crisp, rarely longer straight slightly appressed velutinous hairs; radical leaves 2—4, with long (12—25cm) glabrous or pubescent petioles, the leaf blade 7-—10cm long, 14—20cm broad, firm, somewhat coriaceous, with sparse appressed hairs or glabrate above, the hairs denser beneath especially along the veins; the blade 3—5- palmatripartite, its lobes broad, cuneate, considerably diverging, not often and not deeply incised, with short teeth; cauline leaves similar but with shorter petioles or sessile; inflorescence a compact (20-35 cm long) raceme, branched proximally; pedicels mostly short (3—5mm), somewhat elongating in fruit, covered with short appressed hairs, with 2 small bracteoles in upper half or at middle or rarely in lower half; flowers rather large, yellowish; hood covered with short crisp hairs, high, conical, clavate at end of flowering, with a curved apex, without, rarely with a concavity above the beak, 15—20mm high, 3—5mm broad in middle part (when dry), 7—10mm broad in lower part; middle tepals half-hidden in hood, orbicular (7 X 7mm), on the outside pubescent in middle part, on the inside glabrous, at outer margin densely long-barbate, only slightly shorter than tip of hood and lower tepals, the latter unequal, ca. 7mm long, 1.5—2 and ca. 4mm broad, respectively, on the Outside pubescent, on the inside glabrous, largest tepal with an axillary tuft of yellow hairs; nectary with a slender straight claw and a slender semispirally curved spur, the lamina with a smallish emarginate lip at its tip; filaments glabrous, mostly with 2 teeth at the middle; pistils 3, densely covered with accumbent hairs. June—August. Mountainous shrub-covered localities, forest margins, gullies, and slopes.— European part: Lad.-Ilm. (introduced, very rare), U. V., U.Dnp., M. Dnp., V.-Don, Bl., Crim., L. Don. Endemic. -Described from the vicinity of Medyn in the former Kaluga Province. Type in Leningrad. 16, A.krylovii Steinb. in Addenda VI, p.558.— A. lycoctonum Kryl., El. Zap. Sib. Vv 1153) non Le—"A® pallidum €JAs Me in) mdb Hie ee II (1830) 28, non Rchb. Perennial; rootstock covered with black root fibers; stem 50—130cm high, simple, costate, leafy, in lower part covered like the petioles with mostly long spreading hairs, in upper part usually more densely covered with short (sometimes yellowish) spreading hairs; radical leaves 6—-10cm long, 12—20cm wide, often not persistent until flowering; radical and cauline leaves cordate-pentagonal or reniform-pentagonal in general outline, 3—5, rarely 7-pedatipartite, the broad lobes with smallish shallowly incised teeth, lobular margins usually not touching; leaves dark green, covered with very conspicuous simple appressed white or yellowish hairs 160 207) PLATE XII. 1—-Aconitum ranunculoides Turcz., a) habit, b) hood, c) nectary, d) gynoecium, e) stamen, f) part of stem in inflorescence; 2— A.umbrosum (Korsh) Kom, a) flower, b) hood, c) nectary, d) stamen; 3—- A.sukaczevii Steinb., a) flower, b) hood, c) nectary, d) stamen; 4—-A.excelsum Rchb., a) flower, b) hood, c) nectary, d) stamen; 5 —A.apetalum (Huth) B.Fedtsch., a) flower, b) hood, c) nectary; 6 —-A.barbatum Pers., root. 161 210 above, gray-green beneath, with denser long hairs along the veins; the leaf margins with straight cilia; inflorescence a terminal raceme of medium width, sometimes branching proximally; flowers bright yellow; hood cylindric, with straight yellow hairs on the outside, 12—20mm high, 3—4mm broad in upper and middle parts, 10-12mm broad at level of beak; lateral tepals 9-10mm long, 8—9mm broad, ovate-rounded or slightly oblique, on the outside pubescent in middle part, on the inside glabrous with a tuft of yellow hairs at outer margin protruding from the rictus; in fully developed flowers lower tepals attenuate, slightly unequal, 8—9mm long, 4—5mm broad, on the outside pubescent in middle part, on the inside glabrous; largest tepal with a tuft of yellow hairs at outer margin; nectary spurs strongly elongated toward apex, slightly hamately curved or scarcely curved, 3—3.5mm long; filaments glabrous, broadening from the middle, sometimes with lateral teeth; pistils 3, glabrous. July—August. Rather sparse mountain forests, meadow slopes, and forest meadows; rarely above the timberline.— W.Siberia: Irt., Alt. Endemic. Described from Altai (Kuyum River). Type in Leningrad. 17. A.monticola Steinb., sp. nova in Addenda VI, p. 559. Perennial; stem to 1.5m,erect, proximally ca. 8mm thick, slightly costate, simple, branching only in the inflorescence, in lower part glabrous or with small falcate appressed hairs, in the inflorescence with straight distant yellowish hairs; radical and lower cauline leaves with long (to 20cm) costate petioles, with a pubescence of small appressed hairs; leaf blade orbicular, to 10cm long, to 20cm broad, deeply parted into broadly cuneate scarcely overlapping lobes, each lobe deeply cleft into 3 large acute lobules of the second order with few acuminate teeth; leaves glabrous above, with crisp hairs along the veins, rarely pubescent over entire surface beneath; leaf margins with small falcate cilia; inflorescence a terminal raceme to 45cm long, in upper part many-flowered and dense, peduncles in lower part remote, long; flowers yellow, many times as long or as long or slightly shorter than their pedicels; hood broadly cylindric, covered with straight spreading hairs,10—15mm high, 5-6mm broad in its upper and middle parts and 13—15mm broad at level of beak, beak strongly produced anteriorly; lateral tepals ovate-oval, 11-12mm long, 7-8mm broad, on the outside quite glabrous or pubescent in middle part, on the inside quite glabrous or with very few hairs at outer margin of otherwise eciliate tepals; lower tepals slightly unequal, ca. 10mm long, 4—5mm broad, on the outside pubescent, on the inside glabrous, very slightly ciliate- margined; nectary with a short (to 2mm) clavate slightly curved spur; filaments glabrous, abruptly broadened from the middle, with or without 1 or 2 teeth in middle part; pistils 3, glabrous. June—August. In river valleys and at the timberline in the high-mountain zone. — Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb. Gen. distr.: Kuldja. Described from the Dzungarian Ala Tau (foothills south of Lepsinsk). Type in Leningrad. Section 3. NAPELLUS DC., Syst. 1 (1818) 371.— Flowers blue, blue- violet, white, or rarely pale violet with a yellowish tinge, never sulfur yellow; hood not high, sometimes navicular, often remote from lateral tepals at end of flowering; nectary almost always with a curved claw and a capitate or hamately curved spur, rarely without a spur, the spur lamina 162 211 more or less inflated, saccate, with a clearly expressed upcurved bilobate lip, the latter sometimes with 2 filiform processes (series Rotundifolia Steinb.); follicles 3—7; perianth deciduous. Series 8. Variegata Steinb.— Flowers bicolor; leaves dissected to base. 18. A.variegatum L., Sp. pl. (1753) 532; DC., Prodr. I, 59; Rgl. in Index sem. H. Petrop. (1861) 42; Schmal'g., Fl. I, 30.—Ic.: Rchb., II. sp. gen. Acon. (1823-1827) tab. XXXIV. Perennial; tubers rounded; frequently small tubers also in leaf axils; stems ca. 1.5m high, simple or with distant branches, glabrous; leaves firm, without pubescence, deeply 5—7-sect, segments rhombic, the cauline leaves less deeply, the radical leaves more deeply incised, with short teeth; inflorescence a loose raceme, flowers singly or in pairs on long pedicels; pedicels glabrous (lusus a. judenbergense Rgl.) or pubescent (lusus b. pilipes Rgl.); perianth azure or dark blue and white; hood high, campanulate, very distant from lateral tepals, with a small recurved beak; lower tepals lanceolate, recurved; spur spiral, with an almost straight claw; stamens glabrous; pistils 5. August. Forests and small woods.— European part: M. Dnp. (Podolia). Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur. Described from the mountains of the [former] Czech Lands. Type in Linnaean Herbarium. Economic importance. An ornamental, late-flowering garden plant, occasionally with white flowers. Leaves and tubers poisonous, containing the alkaloid aconitine. * 19, A.stoerkianum Rchb. in Flora I (1818) 202; Rchb., Uebers. 49; Rgl., Consp. gen. Acon. in Ind. Sem. H. Petrop. (1861) 41; Shmal'g., Fl. Ly S0e— ac ooo end. ii. ~sp. gen. Acon: ‘tab. LiXX! et Ie. Fl. Germ. taboo. 46025. Sturm. Deutschl.” Fl. aL,” 6: Perennial; tubers oblong, with numerous small roots; stem ca. 1m high, rounded, glabrate, leafy; leaves light green, lustrous, long-petioled, cordate-rounded, 7-sect, with coarsely dentate rhombic segments; inflorescence a loose terminal raceme, branched in its lower part, pedicels about as long as flowers; flowers large, violet with a silky sheen, or white with a violet border; hood vaulted with a short upcurved beak; nectaries reaching the very apex of hood, violet, in white flowers with a violet capitate spur and a cordate upcurved lip; filaments pubescent, broadened proximally, with 2 teeth; follicles 3—5, glabrous with violet styles. June— August. Has long been grown in gardens as an ornamental plant. Economic importance. Important in medicine, where it is used for the preparation of Extractum Aconiti. In Reichenbach's opinion, this is the only species of Aconitum for which there are exact medicinal data. Series 9. Nasuta Steinb.— Stems glabrous or only in upper part slightly glandular-pubescent. Hood varying greatly in height, usually with a strongly elongated beak; nectaries with a thickened spur and inflated lamina; follicles 3, glabrous, styles about as long as ovaries.— Caucasus. 163 212 20. A.pubiceps (Rupr.) Trautv. in A.H.P. VIII (1884) 59; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II (1930) 103.- A.nasutum 8 publiceps Rupr., Fl. Cauc. (1869) 42.—-A.caucasicum subsp. pubiceps N. Busch in Acta Horti Jurjev. 1(1900) 117.— Ic.: Busch, l.c., I, 3, tab.1, f.ae. Perennial: stem 22—100cm high, simple or branched (f.ramosum N. Busch and f. fastigiatum N. Busch), slender, often flexuous in upper part, axis of inflorescence and pedicels with straight horizontal hairs (var. oe ial bist al (hives. Nfs Busch) with an admixture of glandular hairs, sometimes the hairs crisp and appressed (var. tuscheticum N. Busch); leaves parted into attenuate lobes, 0.5—1.5cm broad, the lobes divided into coarsely dentate lobules of the second order, glabrous on both surfaces, slightly ciliate-margined; inflorescence a short compact terminal raceme, the flowers azure or bright blue; hood to 11mm high (from basal notch to peak), beak slightly elongated with sparse cilia covered with sparse straight hairs; lateral tepals 18-20mm long, to 15—16mm broad, with sparse hairs on the inside and denser small hairs on the outside, ciliate-margined; lower unequal tepals 15-18mm long, 4—7mm broad, the largest with long sparse hairs on the inside, the smallest glabrous; all tepals with a minute pubescence on the outside, ciliate-margined; filaments glabrous, gradually broadening toward base; pistils 3, glabrous, follicles 3, glabrous. July— August. Meadows in the subalpine zone.— Caucasus: Cisc., E.Transc., Dag. Endemic. Described from the Caucasus. Type in Leningrad. 21. A.cymbulatum (Schmalh.) Lipsky in Fl. Kavk. (1899) 213; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 103.—A.napellus var. cymbulatum Schmalh. in Ber. d. Keutsch. Bot. Gesellsch. X (1892) 285.— A. napellus var. cymbulatum Shmal'g., Fl. 1(1895) 30.—A.caucasicum subsp. I A.cymbulatum N. Busch in Acta Horti Jurjev. I (1900) 116.—Ic.: Ber. d. Deutch. Bot. Ges. X (1892) tab. XVI, f.1; N.Busch., l.c. (1900) tab. 1. Perennial; stem not tall, to 50cm, rarely more (var. robustum N. Busch), simple, quite glabrous; leaves in lower part of stem long-petioled and distant, in middle and upper parts densely covering the stem, parted almost to base into broad-lanceolate cuneate lobes; inflorescence a terminal few-flowered raceme; perianth glabrous, light blue; hood 5-—10mm high, drawn out into a long beak; lateral tepals rounded, 17—-18mm in diameter, with sparse long hairs on the inside, ciliate-margined; lower tepals very unequal, 15—16mm long,to 3—8mm broad, glabrous on both surfaces, rather densely ciliate-margined; nectaries on a slightly curved spur with a broadly saccate lamina and a bilobate upcurved lip; filaments glabrous with teeth above the middle; pistils 3, glabrous. July—August. Meadows in the alpine and subalpine zones.— Caucasus: Cisc., Dag. Endemic. Described from Mt. El'brus. Type in Leningrad. 22, A.nasutum Fisch. ex Rchb., Ubers. in Flora (1819) nom. nud., descriptio et ic. Rchb., Illustr. spec. Acon. gen. (1823-1827) tab. IX; G. Don, Syst. I, 61 (1831) 56, partim; C.A.M., Verz. Pflanz. Caucas. (1831) 199; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II (1930) 103.— A. gibbosum Sér. Monogr. (1823) 141.- A. variegatum Ldb., Fl. Ross. I (1842) 68 (partim); Boiss., Fl. or. 1(1867) 95; Suppl. (1888) 21.—A.caucasicum ssp. nasutum N. Busch in Fl. cauc. crit. III (1901) 79.—Ic.: Rchb., 5667 164 213 Illustr. spec. Acon. gen. (1823-1827) tab. IX.— Exs.: Fl. cauc. exs. No.8; Herb. Fl. cauc. No. 68. Perennial; tubers rounded, conical, white inside, distally producing many small tubers; in wet weather similar small tubers formed in the leaf axils; stem to 1m high, rounded, simple (f. simplex N. Busch) or profusely branched (f. pyramidato-ramosum N. Busch), glabrous from the decurrent petioles, slightly costate, erect, firm, sometimes weak; leaves glabrous, palmately quinquepartite, the lobes lanceolate acute, acutely and remotely serrate; inflorescence a long loose raceme; peduncles as long as or 2—3 times as long as flowers, bracteoles linear; flowers relatively large, pale azure or violet; hood glabrous, ciliate-margined only at beak, to 25mm high (gigas N. Busch); lateral tepals orbicular, 20-—22mm long, 18—-20mm broad, glabrous on both surfaces, eciliate; lower tepals very unequal, 20—22mm long, to 5 and 8mm broad, respectively, glabrous, eciliate; nectary with straight claw, spur semispirally curved, middle part of lamina broadened, saccately convex, with bilobate lip; filaments glabrous, gradually broadening toward base, ansiformly crowded in upper part lof receptacle]; pistils 3, glabrous. July—August. Forest margins.— Caucasus: Cisc., E.Transc. Endemic. Described from the Caucasus. Type in Leningrad. Note. The transitions between A. cymbulatum (Schmalh.) Lipsky and A.nasutum Fisch. are frequently so gradual that particular specimens may be referred to either species. Series 10. Volubilia Steinb.— Plants with more or less pubescent, twining or flexuous stems; perianth pubescent on the outside; petioles ciliate above. Pistils 3-5. 23. A.volubile Pall. ex Koelle, Spicil. Acon. (1788) 21; C.A.M. in Lab., ne et, ats dodb:, “FL. Ross) §60;) Kryl.PFlscZap.. Siby: Vb150..— A.tortuosum Willd., Enum. hort. Berol. (1809) 576.—A.cillarea olreotrichumeDG., Syst: I (1818) 378.— A. sezukini Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. (1840) 61.— A. volubile Pall. v. latisectum Rgl. in Ind. sem. Hort. Petrop. (1861) 43; Kom. and Alis., Opred. rast. Dalineyostsikr. dy, 535). — Ie}: Rehbyy ly Speer Ac. tabs XV. Tubers ovate to fusiform, 1.5—2.5cm long, 0.5—-1.3cm thick; stem twining or flexuous only in upper part, 45—115cm,in twining specimens to 4m high, glabrous or with a slight pubescence (2 oligotrichum DC.); leaves 3—9.5cm long, 5—15cm broad, 3—5-sect to base, almost compound, the lobes ternately or pinnately cleft into linear-lanceolate or ovate-lanceo- late (var. latisectum Rgl.) entire or dentate lobules, the primary lobes sometimes petiolulate; flowers blue (2—3cm long), in a raceme or a loose whorl 12—20cm long; hood rounded-conical, somewhat higher (15—18mm) than broad; nectaries with straight or slightly curved claws, strongly broadened, saccate, distally rounded, with a short subterminally bent obtuse spur; filaments smooth; pistils 5, rarely 3, glabrous or pubescent; seeds compressed-triquetrous, ribs with a broad pellucid-scarious frequently crenate or incised border. Forest zone: forests, forest margins, bottomland deciduous forest, tall herbaceous vegetation, dry-valley and floodplain meadows, and bog margins; also encountered in adjacent parts of the steppe zone.— W. Siberia: Irt., 165 214 Alt.: E.Siberia: Yenis., Ang.-Say., Lena-Kol., Dau.; Far East: Uss. Gen. distr.: Mong., Jap.-Ch. Described from Siberia. Type in London. 24. A.villosum Rchb., Uebers. (1819) 39; C.A.M. in Ldb., Fl. Alt. Il, 282; db Fl. Ross: Lee A ciliarers polytr re hime em Syst. 1(1818) 378.- A.flaccidum Rchb., Uebers. (1819) 39 nom nud. — A. volubile var. villosum Rel. in Ind? sem. Hort: Pete. (1861) 43; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. 1150.—Ic.: Rchb., III]. Sp. gen. Ac. (1823-1827) f, SOO Perennial; root tuberous, not large; stem erect, rarely somewhat twining or flexuous in upper part, rounded, to 2mm thick, in upper part rather densely covered with distant hairs (8 polytrichum DC.),in lower part mostly glabrous; leaves pentagonal in general outline, to 2.5cm long, to 4—5cm broad, dissected to base into linear-lanceolate or sublinear lobes 1.5-—7mm broad with more or less slender hairs; petioles densely pubescent in upper part; inflorescence a sparsely flowered thyrse; pedicels pubescent, bracteoles linear, ciliate; flowers to 2.5cm long, to 1.5cm broad, violet, minutely pubescent, rarely glabrous; hood rounded- conical, 1.5—2cm long to 1.5cm broad at level of beak, 1—1.5cm high, generally with a retrorse beak; lateral tepals orbicular,ca. 1cm in diameter, with long hairs on the inside, ciliate-margined, the lower tepals unequal, broad-lanceolate or oval, to 1.2cm long, 0.7cm broad; nectaries on straight or slightly curved claws with a small capitate spur, a strongly saccately broadened lamina (to 3.5mm broad) and a smallish emarginate lip; filaments glabrous, broadened in lower part, edentate; pistils 5, pubescent. July—August. Forest zone: forests, dry-valley, and floodplain meadows, bottomland deciduous forest, and tall damp herbaceous vegetation. —- W. Siberia: Ob, U. Lob., Ist. Alt; BH. Siberia: Anowcsay., Wenaskol. ) Gen, distr: Mong. Described from Altai. Type in Vienna. Series 11. Arcuata Steinb.— Plants with arcuate pedicels. 25. A.fischeri Rchb., III. spec. gen. Acon. (1823—1827) tab. XXII; Rel. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXIV, 3 (1861) 118 (@ typicum); Rgl. in Bull. d. nat. d. Mose. XXIV, 3 (1861) 93 (@ typicum); Finet et Gagnepain in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 51 (1904) 514; Nakai in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 31 (1917) 221 et 229; Hultén, Fl. Kamtsch. II, 106; Kom., Fl. Kamch. II 124,.— A.lubarskyi Rchb., l.c., tab.XX; Spreng., Syst. Il (1825) 621; Ldb., Fl. Ross. J, 70.—A.japonicum var. fischeri Rapes. in Noven? Kozl. VI (1907) 160.—JIc:: Rehb., 1/c.; tab. XXII; ibid 1.c. X* (sub A. lubarskyi); Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. l.c.,tab.III; Kom., Fl. Kamch. II, pl. XII; Kom: and Alis., Opred. rast. Dal'nevost. kr., pl. 163 (sub A.raddeano Rgl.). Perennial; tubers subconical, producing new tubers by the fall; stem 1—1.6m, erect, rounded, stout, only occasionally with a twisting tip (f. subvolubile Kom.), glabrous, sometimes with scarcely discernible hairs in the inflorescence; leaves deeply palmately cleft into 5—7 lobes, firm, sometimes coriaceous, lower leaves to 8cm, upper 1—4cm long, the 166 lobes approximate, cuneately oboval with large acute teeth, the middle lobe 3—4cm broad in its undissected part; leaves glabrous on both surfaces with scant small crisp hairs along the veins, ciliolate-margined; inflorescence a loose usually simple raceme,(light-colored form with a compact raceme — f. pratense Kom.); lower pedicels (sometimes to 20cm) arcuate, from axils of upper leaves, the pedicels abbreviated above, the terminal flowers approximate; pedicels about as long as the flowers, glabrous, apically thickened, mostly with 2 linear sometimes leaflike bracteoles about their middle; flowers bright blue, rarely white (f. albi- florum Kom.), glabrous; hood turbinate-cupola-shaped, 2—2.4cm long, 1.5—2cm broad, to 1.5—1.8cm high at level of elongated median beak; middle tepals oblique, thin, ciliate, ca. 1.5cm long, 1.5—1.7cm broad; lower tepals lanceolate, unequal, 1.4—1.8cm long, 2.5—4mm and 5—7mm broad, respectively; nectaries on an almost straight claw, the lamina broadly inflated, to 8mm long,to 5mm wide; spur short (1-1.5mm), capitate, slightly curved, with a short upcurved lip (ca. 1mm long and as wide); filaments glabrous, broadened from the middle; pistils 3, glabrous, the ventral surface slightly pubescent. July—September. Riverside forests on alluvium, often forming large groups; in clearings more rarely birch and alder forests, and even more rarely herb-covered slopes.— Far East: Kamch., Sakh. Gen. distr.: Jap.-Ch. Described after specimens from Kamchatka in Pallas's herbarium. Type in London. Note. Widely distributed in Kamchatka; its poisonous properties are well known. 26. A.arcuatum Maxim., Prim. Fl. Amur. (1859) 27; Freyn in Oest. Bot. Ztschr. LI (1901) 382; Nakai in Bot. Mag. Tokyo XXVIII (1914) 61; Kom. and Alis., Opred. rast. Dal'nevost. kr. II, 536.—A.fischeri Kom. in Fl. Manchzh. II (1904) 255, non Rchb.— A. fischeri @ arcuatum Rgl. in Ind. sem. Hort. Petr. (1861) 44; Rgl. in Bull. Soc. Nat. d. Mosc. XXXIV, 3 (1861) 118 et 99— Ic.: Rgl. in Bull. Soc. Nat. d. Mosc. XXXIV, 3 (1 861) tab. III.— Russian name: akonit izvilistyi [flexuous]. Perennial, closely related to the preceding, from which it is distinguished by the following characters: stem ascending, flexuous, sometimes slightly twining in the inflorescence, more rarely erect; leaves thin; inflorescence a very loose whorl, (as it were) irregularly branching from the arcuate peduncles and pedicels; flowers frequently recurved; nectaries on a slightly arcuately curved claw, the spur longer (to 3.5mm long), hamate, with a longer (to 1 cm), narrower (to 3mm) lamina, and a larger lip (to 2mm long and as wide). July—September. Valley forests.— Far East: Ze.-Bu., Uss. Gen. distr.: Jap; Chi, Manchuria (Korea). Described from the lower Amur River. Type in Leningrad. 27. A.raddeanum Rgl. in Ind. Sem. Horti Petrop. (1861) 43; in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXIV, 3 (1861) 88 et 117; Kom., Fl. Manchzh. II, 254.—Ic.: Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXIV, 3 (1861) tab. IV. Perennial; stem to 1m high, slightly twining, distally branched; stem, leaves, and pedicels glabrous, the leaves and pedicels rarely ciliate; leaves to 10cm long, to 15cm broad, pentagonal in general outline, dissected to base 216 167 217 into 5 rhombic-oval sessile or petiolulate segments, the middle segment parted into 3, the lateral into 2 lobules of the second order with large acuminate teeth; inflorescence a loose raceme; flowers violet, usually recurved; pedicels with leaflike bracts frequently arcuately arising from stem; hood rounded-conical, very distant from lateral tepals, 20—23mm long, 12—15mm broad at level of smallish upcurved beak, 13—14mm high; lateral tepals oblique, 14-15mm long, 9—11mm broad; lower tepals attenuate, 10-12mm long; nectary with a hamately curved spur and a long lamina; filaments glabrous; pistils 5, glabrous. Shady coniferous and mixed forests, scrub.— Far East: Uss. Gen. distr.: HejO, Cla, (Manchuria). Described from the Amur River (Mandshuria ad fl. Amur montes Burejae. 1858 Radde). Type in Leningrad. Series 12. Maxima Steinb.— Robust strongly pubescent plants with large tripartite leaves, and short compact raceme; stem with rufous hairs. 28. A.maximum Pall.,ex DC., Syst. I (1818) 380; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 69; Rchb., Ill sp. gen. Acon. XVII; Rapaics in Noven. Kozlem. (1907) 159; Nakai in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 31 (1917) 221 et 229.) Kom oR) dhanichs lima: Hultén, Fl. Kamtch. Il, 107.—A.kamtschaticum Willd. in’ Reh: all gen. Aconit. (1827) XV et XVIs Ldbs}) Fl. Ross 1,69 ;_ Rela Rade aweoee Yabe et Yendo; Pl Shimushu, 182;)Bahedtsch..) Biew> Conm oo tte A.gibbiferum Nakai in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 31 (1917) 221 et 227.—Ic.: InGlaoa. IMS Sys Seis JAS. (1823-1827) tab. XV et XVI.— Vernacular name: agat. Perennial; rootstock short, torose, with black adventitious roots; stem tall, erect, strong, with rufous retrorse hairs 1—2mm long, sometimes the stem low and with few flowers (f. pumilum Kom.), uniformly leafy, the lower leaves long-petioled, tripartite almost to base, the lateral lobes bipartite, all lobes with large acute teeth, to 1cm broad; petioles and leaf blade ciliate-margined; leaf blade very variable in shape, linear-lanceolate (var. kamtschaticum Rapes.) or lanceolate (var. pallasianum Rapcs.) pubescent along the veins beneath; inflorescence a few-flowered straight, usually short compact raceme; pedicels densely pilose, somewhat thickened; dingy violet, rarely dingy pink (var. hultenii Ostenf.), to 3cm long, to 1.5cm wide, pilose on the outside; hood broad, vaulted, without beak or with a small beak to 2cm long, 1.5cm broad and 1—1.2cm high at level of beak; middle tepals orbicular, large, slightly attenuate, 1.5cm in diameter; lower tepals ovate-oblong obtuse; nectaries straight, with a hamately curved spur to 3mm long and 1.5mm wide, with a saccate lamina to 4mm broad, and a bilobate lip; stamens glabrous or broadened, with or without teeth; pistils 3—5, glabrous. August. Birch groves and shrub thickets on the slopes of river terraces. — Far East: Kamch., Sakh. Gen. distr.: Jap.-Ch., N. Am. Described from Kamchatka. Type in Geneva. Note. Avery poisonous plant. According to data in Willdenow's herbarium cited by Reichenbach, this plant is locally used for the extermination of insects. In Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskii, the roots have been found to cause acute poisoning. 168 Series 13. Inflata Steinb.— Plants with strongly inflated nectary lamina. 29. A.sachalinense F.Schmidt in Reisen im Amurl. u. Sach. (1868) 107.—Ic.: Miyabe and Miyake, Fl. Sagh. No. 30,tab. (1915) f.1—7. Perennial; stem to 1.5m high, simple, in lower part glabrous, upper part and pedicels covered with short crisp hairs; stem leafy; leaves appressed to stem, short-petioled, dissected almost to base into lanceolate segments, the middle segment with a smallish petiole, the lateral united in pairs; lobes broad-lanceolate, with sparse large teeth, ciliate-margined; inflorescence a loose terminal raceme with many small racemes arising from axils of upper leaves; perianth pubescent on the outside, the lower tepals more strongly pubescent, all tepals ciliate-margined; flowers violet-blue; hood cupola-shaped, its height equal to its width at level of beak (1.8—1.5cm [sic]); lateral tepals pubescent in middle part, ciliate- margined, somewhat oblique, the lower narrow-lanceolate; nectaries not reaching height of hood, with an inflated lamina, spur attenuate, slightly rounded; filaments pilose; pistils 3, glabrous. July-September. River valleys.— Far East: Sakh. Gen. distr.: Jap.-Ch. Described from Sakhalin Island. Type in Leningrad. 30. A.kusnezoffii Rchb., III. spec. Ac. Gen. (1823-1827) tab. XXI; Dadi; (iy Hogs.) 1, 69; (4705: ‘Rel. in: Bull. Soe. Nat. Mosc. XXXIV, <3 (1861) 116; A. kusnezovii Kom. in A.H.P. XXII (1904) 256; Nakai in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 31 (1917) 221; Maxim., Prim. Fl. Amur. (1859) 27 et Bey Warce {Wht sbaie odah 21, 822A): gibbife rum, Rehb.,’ lic., tab. XIX.—Ic.: Rchb., l.c., tab. XXI and tab. XIX (sub. A. gibbifero). Perennial; rootstock conical,ca. 3cm long, 1.5—2cm broad in upper part; stem rounded, erect, very stout, uniformly leafy, 70—150cm high; leaves dissected to base into 3 segments, quasi-~compound, firm, coriaceous, the blade to 14cm long, to 20cm broad; petioles of lower leaves 4—8 cm; segments divergent, cuneate, coarsely dentate, linear-lanceolate or lanceolate, glabrous on both surfaces, sometimes with a slight pubescence along the veins above, margins ciliolate; inflorescence a compact raceme or a compressed panicle; bracteoles 2, usually at middle of pedicel; flowers brightly colored, dark blue, or sometimes white; perianth glabrous on the outside or with minute pubescence (visible at high magnification); hood convex, 1.5—2cm long, 1.5—2cm broad, at level of beak to 1 cm high, with a horizontally attenuate beak (a typicum) or without such a beak (8 ochotense); middle tepals suborbicular or slightly oblique, ciliolate, with long hairs on the inside, 1.5—1.7cm long, 1.2—1.5cm broad; nectaries straight, lower tepals unequal, 1.4—1.7cm long, 2—4 and 5-7mm broad, respectively, the lamina 2.5-—3mm broad, broadly inflated, the spur smallish, hamately curved, the lip large, slightly bilobate, upcurved; filaments glabrous, with 2 teeth at the middle; pistils 5 (rarely 3—4), black, glabrous; style as long as or longer than ovary. July—August. Meadows, shrub thickets, mountain slopes, and forest margins. — E.Siberia: Lena-Kol., Dau. Gen. distr.: Jap.-Ch. Described from the collections of Kuznetsov, which he gathered on an expedition from Yakutsk to Okhotsk, and according to Reichenbach's data coming from Kamchatka. 218 169 AG) 31. A.macrorhynchum Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XV (1842) 83; lidb., Fl. Ross. I, 68; Rgl. in Ball. Socw Nat, Mose. 2@xxIVE )3 (1861) 95; Kom. and Alis., Opred. rast. Dal'nevost. really Se JAS iF © 1a bl aie ©) Jha Wlida Turcz. in Bull: Soc. Nat.) Mose.) XVi(1842) 635 —Nel Reals ies eae CLI) ieeloyy 8) sill Perennial; rootstock in the form of 2 oblong tubers 0.5—3 cm long, and 5mm thick; stem erect, rarely slightly flexuous in upper part, to 1m high, slender, 2—3, rarely 4mm thick, covered with a short down of falcate hairs, especially strongly developed in the inflorescence; lower cauline leaves long-petioled (to 15cm), usually deciduous before flowering, uppermost leaves subsessile, orbicular, 5—‘7-sect, the segments narrow, linear, 1—2 mm (rarely 3mm) broad, or else lanceolate-linear, with recurved margins, glabrate or with very small hairs above, revolute margin and the veins with a slight pubescence beneath; inflorescence a loose raceme frequently branched in its lower part; peduncles obliquely spreading; flowers cornflower blue, covered on the outside with small crisp hairs; hood usually covering lateral tepals at the margins, conoid, somewhat pitted above the beak or unpitted, in developed flowers iif Vicmnatonsy 1.3-1.6cm broad, and 0.9—-1.4cm high; lateral tepals somewhat oblique, frequently revolute-margined, with long hairs on the inside and cilia at the margin, the tepals 1/4=1./6.em long, 1.41 vem broad; lower tepals Labs 1.2cm long, 0.6-—0.9cm broad; nectary with an almost straight claw, a small curved spur, and an inflated lamina, to 3mm broad, terminating in a smallish upcurved bilobate lip; filaments glabrous or with isolated hairs in upper part, gradually broadening toward base; follicles 5, with long hairs on dorsal surface. July—September. Damp meadows and mounds in grassy bogs.— E.Siberia: Dau. (E.); Far East: Ze.-Bu., Uda, Uss. Gen. distr.: Jap.-Ch. (Manchuria). Described from Dauria. Type in Leningrad. 32. A.jaluense Kom. in A.H.P. XVIII, No. 6 (1901) 439; A.H.P. XXII (1903) 257; Kom. and Alis., Opred. rast. Dal'nevost. kr. 1 (1931) 535. Perennial; stem straight, ascending, uniformly leafy, rounded, 2—3mm thick, glabrous, often semidecumbent; leaves petiolate, ternate, the middle lobe largest, coarsely dentate, acuminate, grayish green and glabrous beneath, yellow-green above and quite glabrous or with an obscure pubescence of small appressed hairs visible only at high magnification; leaves 8—9cm long, 7-—14cm broad; branches of inflorescence almost perpendicular to the main axis, the branches and also the 1-flowered pedicels densely covered with long distant rufous hairs; bracts at base of pedicels paired, linear, to 2mm long, also densely pubescent; flowers 3—-3.5cm long, 1—1.5cm broad, white, rarely azure, covered on the outside with long straight hairs especially dense in young plants; hood 20-—23cm long, 12—17mm broad at level of beak and 10-15 mm high, frequently strongly concave above the beak; lateral tepals somewhat oblique, concave and with long hairs on the inside, ciliate-margined, to 13—15mm long and as broad, lower tepals 10—15mm long, to 6 and 4mm broad; nectary with a Slightly curved claw and a large strongly inflated lamina, the latter 2.5-3mm broad, half as long as the claw, terminating in a large cordate lip; spur thick, hamately curved; filaments glabrous, broadened in lower part, with teeth on both sides above the middle; pistils 3, densely pubescent. July—August. 170 220 Shrub thickets on river valley slopes.— Far East: Uss. Gen. distr.: Jap.-Ch. Described from the banks of the Yalu River in Korea. Type in Leningrad. 33. A.sichotense Kom. in Bull. d. Jard. Bot. Acad. Sc. URSS, XXX, 3—4(1932) 201. Perennial; stem to 70cm high, strong, erect, somewhat flexuous in upper part, large, densely covered with spreading hairs especially in upper part and in the inflorescence; lower leaves dying off before flowering, upper cauline leaves 8—10, with very short petioles (5—8 mm), pubescent in upper part, ciliate; leaves ternate, 4—6cm long, 4—9cm broad, the lateral lobes 3—7cm long, 2.5—3.5cm broad, cuneate, coarsely dentate, ciliolate-margined, covered with very small appressed falcate hairs above, with a sparser pubescence of straight hairs beneath, denser along the very prominent veins, the leaves appearing glabrous to the naked eye; inflorescence a terminal raceme or else a compact short or loose oblong raceme; pedicels 2—4cm, strongly hispid with yellowish hairs; bracteoles to 1 cm long, linear, acute, pilose, generally in middle part of pedicels; flowers dark violet-blue, 2.5—3.3cm long, 1.5—2cm broad; hood with an acute elongated beak, 1.8—2.4cm long, 1.5—2cm broad at level of beak, and 1.4—1.8 cm high, covered with long straight hairs especially dense on the beak; lateral tepals orbicular, slightly oblique, ca. 15cm long and as wide, with sparse straight hairs on the inside, densely pubescent in middle part on the outside, with a ciliate lower margin; lower tepals unequal,to 1cm long, 3 and 5mm broad, respectively, densely pubescent on the outside, with sparse straight hairs on the inside especially at the apex; nectary on a straight claw, with a thickened curved spur (to 2.5mm long and as broad), lamina strongly inflated, to 5mm broad, terminating in a smallish bilobate upcurved lip; filaments with sparse long hairs in upper part, gradually broadening toward base, sometimes with obscure teeth; follicles 5, strongly pubescent, divergent when ripe. August. Herbaceous forest clearings.— Far East: Uss. Endemic. Described from Ded-gora (at the summit, at 1,050m) in the southern Sikhote-Alin Range — 26 August 1930, I.K.Shishkin, No.1018. Type in Leningrad. Series 14. Ambigua Steinb. — Nectary lamina 1.5—2mm broad; stem simple or branched, leaves dissected almost to base, follicles 3—5, always glabrous. 34, A.ambiguum Rchb. in Uebers. (1819) 43; C.A.M. in Ldb., Fl. Alt. I, 283; Rchb., Ilustr. sp. gen. Ac. (1823-1827) 23; Turcz., Fl. baic.-dah. I, 81.—A.napellus B alpinum, a.ambiguum Rgl. etb. laxum Rgl. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXIV (1861) 103.—Ic.: Rchb., l.c., tab. XXIII. Perennial; rootstock in the form of 2 oblong tubers 10—25mm long, 3—4mm thick; stem 40—90cm high,ca. 3mm thick, rounded, lustrous, glabrous like the pedicels, erect, in upper part sometimes slightly twining, occasionally branching sparsely at base of inflorescence; leaves glabrous, green above, 30-—60mm long, 50—90mm broad, dissected to base into 59-7 cuneate-lanceolate segments with a very prominent midrib, the middle 171 221 segment 6—9mm broad in its undissected part, each segment separated into 2—3, 3—5mm broad lanceolate or linear-lanceolate lobes with acuminate teeth 4-11mm long and 2—4mm broad; petioles of lower cauline leaves 4—8cm, the upper leaves subsessile; proximal internodes 6—15cm long; inflorescence a very loose terminal raceme of 2—9 flowers; flowers violet, 18-26mm long, 12—15mm broad, on glabrous peduncles thickening below the flowers and frequently overtopping the flowers; hood hemi- spheric-conical, 15—-20mm long, 12—16mm broad at level of beak, and 9—-12mm high, glabrous throughout, with cilia at margins of beak; lateral tepals suborbicular or slightly oblique, 12—15mm long and 11—15mm broad, glabrous on the outside, sparsely hairy on the inside, ciliate-margined; lower tepals 10-—12mm long and 3—6mm broad, thin, glabrous, ciliate- margined; nectaries with an arcuate or straight claw, a smallish (from 1mm) capitate or hamately curved spur, and a narrow (1—1.5mm) lamina with an upcurved azure-colored cordate or subentire lip; filaments glabrous, rarely with isolated hairs, broadened in lower part and with teeth in middle part; pistils 3-5, glabrous. July—August. Meadows and shady thickets on banks of mountain rivers; sphagnum bogs.— E, Siberia: Lena-Kol., Dau. Gen. distr.: Mong. Described from Siberia. 35. A.flerovii Steinb., sp. nova in Addenda VI, p.559.— A. napellusy paniculatum Rgl. lus. f. mosquense Rgl. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. OOS SCLIN: Perennial; rootstock in the form of 2 tubers; stem to 1m high, glabrous as generally the whole plant, branching only in the inflorescence, uniformly leafy except in lower part of stem, the latter usually glabrous until flowering; leaves petiolate, the blade orbicular, 5—8cm long and 6—10cm broad, dissected into 3 segments, the middle segment petiolulate in lower leaves, the segments separated into lobes of the second order 5—7mm broad with subobtuse teeth; inflorescence a terminal rather loose raceme, the lower flowers with very large leaflike bracts; flowers violet, the hood in developed flowers somewhat distant from lateral tepals, 18—20mm long, 10-12 broad at level of beak, 8-11 mm high, glabrous; lateral tepals oblique, 12—15mm long and 10-12 mm broad, with long sparse hairs on the inside and glabrous on the outside, ciliate-margined; nectaries slightly curved in upper part, with a slightly curved spur to 2mm long, a lamina to 2mm broad, and a smallish upcurved lip; stamens glabrous, broadened in lower part, with or without 2 teeth in the middle: pistils 3, glabrous. August. Bogs and boggy forests.— European part: U.V., M. Dnp. Endemic. Described after specimens collected by M.I.Nazarov in the former Vladimir Province near the village of El'tsa, ina swampy alder forest at the edge of a peat bog. — Beredishino, No.1003, 1 August 1913. Type in Leningrad. 36. A.smirnovii (Sukacz.) Steinb., sp. nova in Addenda VI, p.560. — A.napellus var. smirnovii Sukacz. in herb. Perennial; tubers usually 2 conoid, 2—3.5cm long, to 1.5cm broad; stem erect, unbranched, 25—45cm, glabrate, with short soft distant hairs only in the inflorescence as well as on pedicels; lower cauline leaves with 172 petioles 5—8cm long, usually dying off before flowering, upper cauline leaves shorter-petioled and approximate, thus the upper part of stem densely leafy; leaves orbicular, glabrous, with short hairs along the veins above, slightly ciliate, 5-6cm long, 6—9cm broad, dissected to base into 5—7 cuneate segments, 4—6mm broad in their undissected part, these parted into lobes of the first order with lanceolate or linear (2-5mm broad) lobes of the second order; inflorescence a short (3—7cm) compact raceme (plants with a less compact raceme — var. jenisseense Steinb.), pedicels one-fourth to half as long as flowers; flowers of medium size, dark violet when dry; hood navicular, 1.5—2cm long, to 1.5cm broad at level of beak and to 1—2cm high, at end of flowering somewhat removed from lateral tepals, thus the nectary spurs slightly protruding; middle tepals slightly oblique, 1.2—2cm long and as broad, glabrous on both surfaces, slightly ciliate; lower tepals to 1.5cm long and 2—3 and 0.5—0.7cm broad, respectively, glabrous, slightly ciliate; nectaries curved, on long claws, the latter 3—4 times as long as the lamina; spur capitate, 1—1.5mm in diameter, the lamina slightly inflated, 2.5-—3mm broad, with a smallish upcurved bilobate lip; stamens glabrous, with 2 lateral teeth, the broadened part of filament exceeding the nonbroadened apical ansiform or hamately curved part; pistils 3 (sometimes 4), glabrous; ovaries longer than styles. July. (Plate XIV, Figure 1, a—g). Balds in the zone of isolated flag-shaped* larches and stone pines, and in boggy areas.— E.Siberia: Yenis., Dau. Gen. distr.: Mong. Described from the Kumylinskii Bald at the sources of the Kumyl River in the Onon River basin. Type in Leningrad. 37. A.altaicum Steinb.,sp. nova in Addenda VI, p.560.—A.napellus 8 alpinum Rgl. in Ind. sem. Horti Petrop. (1861) 45 p.p.; Rgl. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXIV, 3 (1861) 103 pep. Kryhiy) FioyZdap. Siby Vs" PPoy— ? A. glandulosum Rapcs. in Nov. Kozl. VI (1907) 152. Perennial; rootstock of 2 tubers, to 2cm long and to 1cm thick; stem erect, simple, rounded, in lower part glabrous, in upper part covered with a short down, as also the pedicels; leaves uniformly spaced along the entire stem, short-petioled, contiguous to stem; leaf blade pentagonal in general outline, dissected into 3—5 segments with large subobtuse teeth, dark green above and grayish green beneath, sometimes with recurved margins; inflorescence a simple terminal raceme of dark violet flowers, to 30cm long and to 1.5cm broad; hood in fully developed flowers removed from lateral tepals, 1.7cm long, 1.5cm broad at level of beak and 0.8cm high, cuneate-conical, quite glabrous, with a smallish ciliate retrorse beak; lateral tepals orbicular,ca. 1.3cm across, glabrous on the outside and with long sparse hairs on the inside, margin ciliate; lower tepals to lcm long, 0.3—0.5cm broad, the smallest glabrous on the inside and pubescent on the outside, the largest with sparse hairs on the inside and pubescent on the outside, margins ciliate; nectaries on a strongly curved claw, with a smallish capitate spur (to 1mm indiameter), anarrow lamina (to 2mm) and a large upcurved lip; stamens glabrous, gradually broadening toward base; pistils 3, glabrous or slightly pubescent. July—August. Riverbanks, gently inclined slopes, and meadows in the subalpine zone. — W.Siberia: Alt. Endemic. Described from Altai. Type in Leningrad. * [Trees with a distinctive flaglike shape due to strong prevailing winds.] 173 224 38. A..baicalense Turcz. in sched., descriptio in Addenda VI, p.561.— A.napellusa,f,y Turcz., Fl. baic.-dah. I (1854) 80.— A. napellusy paniculatuma baicalense Rgl. in Ind. sem. Hort. Petrop. (1861) 45; Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXIV, 3 (1861) 106.— A. napellus 6 racemosum b. mongolicum Rgl. in Ind. sem. Hort. Petrop. (1861) 46; Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXIV, 3 (1861) 114.- A.napellus var. mongolicum (Rgl.) Suk. in sched. Perennial; rootstock in the form of 2 oblong tubers; stem to 1m, erect, strong, branched, glabrous or in the inflorescence slightly pubescent (var. commune Turcz.); sometimes the stem short,to 40 cm, and then conspicuously pubescent in upper part and the flowers small (var. alpinum Turcz.); leaves gray-green, to 10cm long, to 12cm broad, dissected to base into 5 broad-lanceolate segments narrowing proximally, each segment separated into 2—3 lanceolate lobules 4—5mm broad with rather obtusely acuminate teeth, the middle segment 5—7mm broad in its undissected part; middle part of stem the most densely leafy; inflorescence a long terminal raceme of large blue flowers longer than pedicels, to 3cm long, ca. 1.3cm broad, with an arcuately curved beak; hood in fully developed flowers removed from lateral tepals, ca. 2cm long,ca. 1.5cm broad at level of beak, and to 1cm high, quite glabrous; lateral tepals rounded-triangular, quite glabrous on the outside and with long sparse hairs on the inside, the tepals to 1.5cm long and as broad; lower tepals unequal, to 1—1.2cm long, to 0.3 and 0.5cm broad, glabrous; nectaries with a curved claw, a smallish capitate spur (1mm in diameter), and a medially inflated lamina (2—2.5mm broad) terminating in a smallish emarginate lip; filaments with sparse hairs or glabrous, proximally broadened; pistils 3-5, glabrous. July—August. Steppes, steep narrow ravines, meadows and forests.— E. Siberia: Dau. Gen. distr.: Mong. Described from Transbaikalia. Type in Leningrad. 39. A.czekanovskyi Steinb., sp. nova in Addenda VI, p.562.—A. napel- lus 6racemosum d. sibiricum Rgl. in Ind. sem. Horti Petr. (1861) 46; Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXIV 3 (1861) 109. Perennial; rootstock in the form of 2 tubers; stem 1—1.2m, erect, simple or else branched in the inflorescence, rounded, in lower part glabrous, the inflorescence and the pedicels covered with short soft distant hairs; inter- nodes long; leaves green, glabrous, the lower with 4—7 cm petioles, the upper short-petioled or subsessile; leaf blade pentagonal in general outline, 8-9cm long, 10-12 cm broad, palmatisect, the segments narrow- cuneate, 1—1.2cm broad in their broadest part, 2—3-partite, their lobes oblong-lanceolate, 2—3cm long, 0.3—0.5cm broad; inflorescence a terminal loose raceme, 15—40cm long, flowers dark violet: pedicels 2.5—5cm long; hood ca. 1.5cm long, at level of beak 1cm broad, 0.7—0.8cm high, hemispheric, rounded at the apex, sometimes pitted above the beak; lateral tepals obovate, ca. 1.3cm long, 1cm broad, pubescent on both surfaces; lower tepals ca. 1cm long, 0.2 and 0.5cm broad, the smallest pubescent on the outside and glabrous on the inside, the largest pubescent on both surfaces; filaments glabrous, with 1 or 2 teeth; follicles 3, glabrous. July—September. Riverbanks and forests. — E. Siberia: Yenis., Ang.-Say., Lena-Kol., Dau. Gen. distr.: Mong. Described from the Chunya River, a tributary of the Podkamennaya Tunguska River (29 July 1931, A.M.Rubin). Type in Leningrad. 174 Note. The name A.baicalense has been applied by different authors to different species. Here it has been given to specimens identical with those of Turchaninov. It is possible that var. alpinum will prove to be a separate species, but due to the unreliability of available material, this point cannot now be clarified. In view of the abundance of related forms, a thorough field investigation is necessary to elucidate the systematic position of the Daurian plants of the section Napellus DC. Series 15. Flagellaria Steinb.— Plants with flagelliform excrescences protruding from the nodes. 40. A. flagellare (F.Schmidt) Steinb., comb. nova.— A. napellus var. flagellare Schmidt, Reisenim. Amurl. u. Sach. in Mém. Ac. Imp. Sc. de St.-Pétersb. VII ser., t. XII, No. 2 (1868) 31. Perennial; rootstock in the form of 2 tubers to 1.5cm long and to 0.7cm broad; stem erect or slightly flexuous, 40—60cm, rounded, glabrous or slightly pubescent with very short hairs, evenly leafy; leaves glabrous on both surfaces, all petiolate, the petioles of lower cauline leaves to 10cm long; leaf blade orbicular, 4—9cm long, rarely shorter, 5—12cm broad, dissected to base into 5 cuneate segments, with acute teeth that greatly fluctuate in length (1—5 cm) and frequently with a denticle in the first pair; long slender runners, to 50cm, arising from the axils of leaves are frequently a distinctive character of this species; inflorescence a few-flowered terminal raceme, branching at base; flowers pale violet, large, to 4cm long, to 2cm broad, on pubescent pedicels, with bracteoles mostly close to flowers; hood cupolalike, with an acuminate beak, shape and height highly variable, even in the same inflorescence, to 2.5cm long, to 2.5cm broad at level of beak, 0.7—1.8cm high, glabrous or with a very scant pubescence; lateral tepals oblique or obliquely rounded, 1.5—1.7cm long, 1.5—1.8cm broad, with sparse hairs on the inside, glabrate on the outside; lower tepals to 2cm long, 0.5—0.8cm broad, also glabrate; nectaries with a curved claw, spur spirally capitate,to 3mm long, 1.5mm wide, lamina connate with and one-third as long as the claw, the smallish lip upcurved and bilobate; stamens glabrous, slightly broadened proximally, pistils 3—5, glabrous. June—July. Riverbanks in damp coniferous forests.— Far East: Uda, Okh., Sakh. Endemic. Described from the Uda area between the Nemilen and Kerbi rivers (Schmidt, 26 June 1861). Type in Leningrad. Note. A.N.Krishtofovich's specimens from Sakhalin (1929 collections) completely agree with this species in the structure of the vegetative parts, but are distinguished by a larger hamate spur and recurved pedicels. 225 Series 16. Delphinifolia Steinb.— Plants with simple stems, very large flowers, a navicular hood, and smallish nectaries not reaching apex of hood. 41. A.delphinifolium DC., Syst. Nat. bile. e)5e0.) ludb... 4). Ross. 1, 70; Chamisso in Linnaea VI (1831) 582; Rapes. in Nov. Kézlem (1907) 26; Kom., Fl. Kamch. Il, 125; Hultén, Fl. Kamtch. II, 105.—A.napellus var. Delphinifolium et var. semigaleatum Ser. in DC., Prodr. I 175 226 229 (1824) 62, 63.—A. semigaleatum Pall. in Rchb., Uebers, Ac. (1819) 38, nomen.— A. paradoxum Rchb. Mon. Acon. (1820) VII.—A. productum: Rehb:, ibidem. >)Ie 2) Rehby.) Monogr, tab. Villy tab. «(cus A.chamissonis Rchb.). Perennial; rootstock short, oblique, little thickened; stem erect, smooth, to 70cm,not more than 3mm thick; leaves several, the lower long-petioled, palmately quinquepartite to base, their lobes with 3—5 large entire teeth, the leaf blade cuneate or lanceolate, glabrous, varying greatly in width and length; inflorescence a loose raceme of 1—7 large, dark blue flowers; axis of inflorescence, outer surface of the perianth, and bracteoles more or less pubescent; hood orbicular, with a falcate rather narrow beak, to 2cm long, to 2.5 mm broad at level of beak, 1—1.2cm high; middle tepals very large, rounded-triangular, ciliate, to 2.2cm long, ca. 2.5cm broad; lower tepals linear-lanceolate, also ciliate, 2—2.5cm long, 0.6—1 cm broad; nectaries with a slender curved claw, a short uncurved capitate spur, and a smallish lamina terminating in a small lip with a short notch; stamens white proximally, broadened, edentate; pistils 5, slightly pubescent. July—August. Alpine meadows.— Arctic: Chuk., An.; E.Siberia: Lena-Kol.; Far East: Kamch. Gen. distr.: Ber., N.Am. Described from Kamchatka. Type in the Lambert Herbarium of Kew. Series 17, Ecalcarata Steinb.— Smallish high-mountain plants with 2 or 3 orbicular leaves to 3—5cm in diameter; flowers usually 2, pale lilac, with light-colored lateral tepals; spur entirely obsolete. 42. A.biflorum Fisch. in DC., Syst. I (1818) 380; DC., Prodr. I, 64; db- Fi Ross.) 1, 90; Kryls) Ble Zap. Sibe ve aiisi ae grandi- florum Fisch. in Cat. Hort. Gorenk. (1808) 77, nomen.—Ic.: Rchb., Monogr. Acon. tab. VII,f.1; Rchb. IH, spec. gen. Ac. tab. 40. Perennial; tubers rounded, the size of peas, dark brown, bearing slender roots; stem erect, rounded, 15—40cm, glabrous like the leaves and petioles, only in its uppermost part, covered — like the pedicels and bracteoles — with a dense short down of straight distant hairs; cauline leaves 2 or 3, the lower 1 or 2 with long petioles (5—12 cm), the upper leaf sessile or short- petioled; leaf blade orbicular, 3—5cm across, palmately divided to base into 5 lobes that are 16—25mm long and of almost equal width in their undissected part (2—4mm), sessile, deeply parted into entire linear lobules 5-20mm long, 1—2mm broad, glabrous; inflorescence a few-flowered terminal compact raceme of 2 (var. typicum Rgl.) or several flowers (var. pluriflorum Rgl.); the flowers 1.5-1.8cm long, “11 bem" bread. azure, when dry lateral and lower tepals usually with yellowish margins, pedicels 4—6mm; bracts very small, to 2mm long, 0.5mm broad; perianth with short sparse hairs on the outisde: hood low, navicular, 10-15mm long, 9-7mm high, and 10—15mm broad at level of beak; lateral tepals rounded- triangular, 13-15mm long, 10—12mm broad, glabrous or with very sparse short hairs on the inside; lower tepals subobtuse, broad-lanceolate, to 10mm long, to 5mm broad; tepal margins eciliate, rarely slightly ciliate; nectaries small, pale azure, the claw filiform, 10-15mm long, slightly 176 \ ~ q « ING \\ AG ees = = ran ps 2 ' 97 SSS We ENNAY / = so te 7 ae TIM (227) Aconitum smirnovii Steinb., a) habit, b) lower part of stem with tubers, c) single flower, d) middle and lower tepals, e) nectary, f) stamen, g) part of axis of inflorescence; 2 — car A.zeravschanicum Steinb., a) inflorescence, b) lower part of stem with tubers, c) single flower, d) middle tepals, e) lower tepals, f) nectary, g) stamen, h) part of axis of inflorescence. PLATE XIV. 1 177 curved, appearing obtusely truncated without a spur, the lamina ca. 1.5mm broad, lanceolate, entire, with arcuately upcurved apical lip; stamens broadened proximally, with or without 1—6 teeth in the middle, filaments glabrous or ciliate; pistils 3; ovaries pubescent, rarely glabrous, follicles ca. 10mm long, 4mm broad, slightly downy or glabrate; seeds subtriquetrous subtriquetrous, sharply ribbed, 2.3mm long, 1.6—1.5mm broad. August— September. Taluses: rare.— W.Siberia: Alt.; E.Siberia: Ang.-Say. Gen. distr.: Mong. Described from Altai. Type in Leningrad. Series 18. Rotundifolia Steinb.— Plants with orbicular glabrous leaves, often with few radical leaves covering lower part of stem with their sheaths, persistent until flowering; leaf blade parted to or below the middle into 5 broadly cuneate lobes; flowers pale lilac, with large yellowish lateral tepals, a navicular hood, an obscure spur, and a lip in the form of 2 short linear excrescences; follicles 5. 43. A.rotundifolium Kar. et Kir. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XV (1842) 138; Ldbs: Fl. Ross..1, 740; Rel. in Bullqisoc:, Nati Mose excl, oa: Rgl., Consp., gen. Acon. in Index seminum (1861) 47; Boiss., Fl. Or. Suppl. (1888) 21.—A.tianschanicum Rupr. Sertum tiansch. in Mém. Ac. St. Pétersb. (1869) 38.—Ic.: Ann. Bot. Gard. Calcutta X (1905), tab.99. = Bixee: HA. BM. No. aoa: Perennial; rootstock in the form of 2 oblong or rounded tubers to 4.5 cm long, 0.3—0.6cm broad; stem erect,mostly simple, 12—60cm, covered throughout with small crisp hairs, sometimes with straight hairs on axis of inflorescence; radical leaves arising from the stem 2—5cm above the crown, frequently embracing lower part of stem with their sheaths; petioles of radical and lower cauline leaves long (7-15 cm), blade cordate, orbicular, 2—4cm long, 3—6cm broad, parted into 5—7 lobes, these parted to the middle into 2 or 3 lobes of the second order terminating in subobtuse apically glanduliferous teeth; leaves glabrous, only the upper cauline pubescent above, on dorsal surface more strongly pubescent along the veins; inflorescence a loose, few-flowered, sometimes proximally branched raceme; flowers 15—20mm long, 10—13mm broad, pale lilac, with very prominent dark veins, covered with a minute down on the outside; hood navicular, 16—20mm long, 5—6mm broad (when folded); lateral tepals broad-ovate, tapering to base, somewhat undulate-margined, 14—16mm long, 10—12mm broad, the lower tepals 5-7mm long, 4—6mm broad; stamens glabrous or with isolated hairs distally, broadening proximally; nectary with a twisting pendulous apex, lip in the form of 2 filiform excrescences, from 1mm long; follicles 5, pubescent or sometimes glabrous. July—August. Stony slopes in the alpine and subalpine zones.— Centr. Asia: T. Sh. Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash. Described from the banks of the Sarkhan River (Ala Tau). Type in Leningrad. 230 44, A.zeravschanicum Steinb., sp. nova in Addenda VI, p. 562. Perennial; tubers 4—12, fusiform, 1—4(8)cm long, 2—5mm thick; stem 20-100 cm, erect, rounded, glabrous below, upper part and axis of 178 231 inflorescence covered with a down of small soft crisp radical leaves 3-12, arising 1—4(8)cm above the crown, petioles 9-32 cm long, glabrous, with amplexicaul sheath; leaf blade 8-15cm broad, 4—9cm long, glabrous on both surfaces, orbicular, with very prominent veins beneath, parted into 5—7 broad rhombic lobes, each lobe cleft to one-fourth or one-third into 3—5 lobes of the second order and terminating in obtuse or rounded glanduliferous teeth; cauline leaves 1 or 2, smaller, more deeply cleft into narrower lobes; inflorescence a loose terminal raceme (28—40cm long), sometimes branched proximally; flowers pale violet and yellow, with very prominent dark venation, 1.8—2.5cm long, 1.5—2cm broad; pedicels 0.5—2cm long, with 2 filiform bracts at or near their base; perianth with small soft hairs on the outside; hood navicular, 1.5—2.5cm long, 0.5—1cm broad, with a yellowish margin; lateral tepals 1.5—2cm long, 1—2cm broad, undulate-margined, yellowish; lower tepals to 1cm long, 0.5cm broad; spur orbicular, slightly curved, lamina in the form of 2 filiform excrescences to 2mm long, the claw 7—8 times as long as the lamina; filaments hairy distally, sometimes with isolated hairs on the anthers, rarely filaments glabrous; anthers light or dark greenish; follicles 5, covered with crisp or predominantly straight white hairs, or else pubescent on dorsal surface only, more rarely glabrous. June—August. (Plate XIV, Figure 2,a-—g). Stony alpine meadows in the high-mountain zone and in juniper groves (at 2,710—3,070m).— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. Endemic. Described from Central Asia (N. slopes of the Turkestan Range, Mt. Kurgansk near the sources of the Au-korchegai River; among junipers, at a height of 2,710m.— 2 August 1934, No. 424, K.Afanas'ev). Type in Leningrad. Section 4. CATENATA Steinb.— Plants with rootstocks in the form of a small chain, 8 cm long of long or short connate concoid tubers. Series 1. Grandituberosa Steinb. — Rootstock consisting of rather large tubers, 0.8—2.5cm in diameter; large plants. 45. A.talassicum M. Pop. in M.G. Popov and N. V.Androsov., Rastit. zapovedn. Guralash i Zaaminsk. lesinch. (1936) 8. Perennial; rootstock in the form of a chain of connate tubers, 10-—20mm across in broadest part, to 20mm long; stem to 1.5m,to 8mm thick at base, rounded or slightly costate, erect, simple or slightly branched only at base of inflorescence, glabrous with some crisp hairs only in the inflorescence, uniformly leafy; all except the uppermost leaves with petioles 4—13 cm long, the leaf blade glabrous on both surfaces, pale green beneath, 7—11cm long, 10—16cm broad, rounded-pentagonal in general outline, dissected almost to base into 3—5 cuneate segments, each segment divided into 2 or 3 lobes 1—6cm long and 0.5—1cm broad, with large acuminate teeth, the segments 2—3cm broad in their undissected part; inflorescence a terminal, fairly dense raceme; flowers azure,to 3cm long, 1.5cm broad; peduncles and pedicels with a pubescence of small crisp hairs; hood usually removed from lateral tepals and recurved in fully developed flowers, 1.5—2cm long, with an attenuate beak, to 1.7cm broad at level of beak, 0.8—1.2 cm high, glabrous except for slight pubescence on 179 232 the beak; lateral tepals orbicular, sometimes conspicuously oblique, 0.9-1.2cm long, 1.5—2cm broad, glabrous on the outside, with long sparse hairs on the inside, margin ciliate; lower tepals frequently varying greatly in width, the smallest 0.3-—0.5cm broad, 1.2—1.5cm long, the largest 0.8-1.2cm broad, 1.2—1.3cm long; all tepals glabrate on the inside, slightly pubescent on the outside; nectaries with a slightly curved claw, a hamately curved spur 1—2mm long, and an inflated lamina 2.5-3mm broad, terminating in a smallish upcurved bilobate lip; filaments broadened proximally, pilose distally, with or without teeth in middle part; pistils 3—4, glabrous or very slightly pubescent. June—August. Damp meadows and river valleys in the subalpine zone and among thickets of Juniperus.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al., T. Sh. (W.). Endemic. Described from the Arabik River in the Talass Ala Tau. Type in Alma-Ata. 46, A. angusticassidatum Steinb., sp. nova in Addenda VI, p.563. Perennial; rootstock in the form of tubers; stem to 40cm, simple, erect, rounded, to 6—7mm thick at base and in the middle, entirely covered with a minute down of straight white hairs; lower cauline leaves with slightly pubescent petioles, 3.5—5cm long, the middle cauline leaves on short (1—1.5mm) but broad (3—4mm) petioles, the upper sessile; leaf blade to 4cm long, 4—6cm broad, orbicular, dissected almost to base into 5—7 cuneate segments, the middle segment 6—10mm broad in its broadest undissected part, the lateral segments narrower, each segment divided into 2—5 lobes terminating in long subobtuse apically glanduliferous teeth, 1.5—2.5mm broad; leaves glabrate above with isolated sparse hairs, rather more hair beneath, especially along the veins, margins ciliolate; inflorescence a compact terminal raceme; flowers dark violet, 2.6—2.8cm long, 1~1.4cm broad; hood slightly pubescent, narrow, with a beak almost perpendicular to back of hood, the latter 17-19mm high, 10—13mm broad at level of beak, 3.5—4mm broad in middle part; lateral tepals suborbicular, slightly oblique, slightly pubescent on the outside, glabrous or with very sparse hairs on the inside, ciliate-margined, 1—1.4cm long, 1.2—1.3cm broad; lower tepals unequal, slightly pubescent on both surfaces, ciliate- margined, 1—1.1cm long, 1.5-—3mm and 3—6mm broad; nectaries with a slightly curved claw, a smallish capitate spur, and a lamina 2—2.5mm broad, inflated in the middle and terminating in an upcurved bilobate lip; stamens with pubescent filaments gradually narrowing from base to middle; carpels 3—4, glabrous. June—July. Riverbanks.— Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (E. of Lake Issyk-Kul'). Endemic. Described after specimens of Krasnov, from the banks of the Sary- Dzhas River. Type in Leningrad. 47, A.soongoricum Stapfin Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calcut. X (1905) 141. — A.napellus Kar. et Kir. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XIV (1841) 375; Kar. et Kir.,l.c., XV (1842) 139?— A. napellus forma 3 Trautv. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXIII, 2 (1860) 86.—A.napellus 8 alpinum lus. f. soongoricum Rgl. in Bull. Soc. Nat. XXXIV, 3 (1861) 105.— A.napellus 6 racemosum formalobelianum Rgl. et Herder in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXVIII, 1 (1864) 404.— A. napellus var. turkestanicum B.Fedtsch. in A.H.P. XXIII (1904) 348 p.p.-—Ic.: Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calcut. X (1905) pl. 95.— Exs.: H. F.A.M. No.132 (sub A.napellus ssp. turkestanicum B. Fedtsch). 180 Perennial; rootstock a horizontal beaded chain of large conoid tubers 2—2.5cm long, 0.7—l1cm thick; stem simple, erect, strong, glabrous (var. glabrum Steinb.) or sometimes very densely pubescent in upper part (var. pubescens Steinb.) to 70cm high and to 6mm thick in lower part; leaves in lower part of stem usually dying off before flowering, all except the uppermost leaves petiolate, the petioles of lower cauline leaves to 10cm; leaf blade rounded-cordate, 5—-9cm long, 8—12cm broad, dissected to base into 5 cuneate lobes, each divided into 2—3 broadly or narrowly lanceolate lobules with large teeth to 3cm long and to 0.6cm broad, the middle lobe ca. 1.5cm broad in its undissected part; leaves rigid, quite glabrous on both surfaces, paler beneath; inflorescence a terminal raceme of large violet flowers, 3.5—4cm long, 1.8cm broad; pedicels terminally thickened, with 2 narrow-linear pubescent bracteoles; hood in fully developed flowers very distant from lateral tepals, arcuately curved, with a long beak, glabrous or slightly pubescent, to 2cm long, 1.5cm broad at level of beak, to 0.9cm high; lateral tepals rounded-ovate, sometimes slightly oblique, ca. 1.5cm in diameter, slightly pubescent on both surfaces, ciliate-margined; lower unequal tepals to 1.5cm long, 0.3-—0.6cm broad, also slightly pubescent on the outside, the largest with long hairs on the inside, the smallest glabrous; nectaries with a slightly curved claw, a large capitate spur, 2mm long and as wide, and an inflated lamina to 3mm broad with a smallish upcurved emarginate lip; stamens glabrous or with few hairs distally, broadened proximally; pistils 3, glabrous, frequently only one follicle developing. July—August. Mountain slopes and riverbanks in the alpine zone.— Centr. Asia: T. Sh., Dzu.-Tarb. Gen. distr.: Ind.-Him., Dzu.-Kash. Described from Gilgit. Cotype (?) in Leningrad. Economic importance. This plant, known as A.soongoricum Stapf after the Russian place name [Dzungaria],is also called ''the Issyk-kul' root,'' and locally ''Ak-parpi'' or ''Uugor-Goshun." It is used medicinally, but is strongly poisonous to livestock. It appears that it shares its Russian names as well as its applications with A. karakolicum Rapcs. The Kirgiz and Uzbek peoples use the name "parpi"' or "'kara-parpi"' for a black medicinal substance extracted from its roots (B. Fedchenko). Note. In A. soongoricum Stapf the entire range of transitions from quite glabrous to strongly pubescent exists. Thorough field investigations are needed to clarify the taxonomic position of these forms. 233 48. A.karakolicum Rapcs. in Név. Kézlem. VI (1907) 149.— A. win- kleri Rapcs. inherb.— A.napellus O.A. et B.A. Fedtsch., Consp. Flor. turk. (1906) 23, partim.— A.napellus var. turkestanicum B. Fedtsch. in A.H.P. XXIII (1904) 349, p.p.— Exs.: Edit. H.B.P. No.11 (sub A.napellus v. tianschanicum B. Fedtsch.). Perennial; rootstock of large tubers 2—5cm long, 1—1.5cm thick; stem to 2m, strong, erect, simple, frequently to 1 cm thick at base, glabrous, in lower part usually leafless by time of flowering, in middle part uniformly and densely leafy; leaves petiolate, the petioles of lower cauline leaves reaching 8cm, usually all leaves appressed to stem; leaf blade orbicular, to 10cm long, to 15cm broad, dissected to base into 5 narrowly cuneate segments, each segment divided into 2 or 3 linear lobes of the second order; 181 234 235 middle lobe of the second order separated into lobes of the third order; all lobes of the second and third orders narrow-linear, 1.5—3mm broad, with reflexed margins; middle lobe 3-—5mm broad in its undissected part; inflorescence a long terminal raceme, sometimes branching in its lower part; flowers when fully developed 2—3cm long and to 1.5cm broad, dingy violet when dry; bracts small, adjacent to flower; hood frequently distant from lateral tepals, hemispheric-conical with a smallish beak, with small crisp hairs, ciliate-margined, to 2cm long, 1—1.5cm broad at level of beak, and 0.9-1.2cm high; lateral tepals ovate-rounded, oblique, glabrous on the outside or slightly pubescent in middle part, with sparse long hairs on the inside, ciliate-margined, 1.2—1.4cm long, to 1.1—1.5cm broad; lower tepals unequal, 0.8—1cm long, 3—5 and 1—2mm broad, the largest with long hairs on the inside, the smallest glabrous, both pubescent on the outside, ciliate-margined; nectaries with an almost straight claw, spur large, 2—3mm long and 1.5—2mm broad, lamina hamately curved, slightly inflated (to 3mm broad) terminating in a bilobate lip ca. 3mm long and broad; stamens hairy distally, broadened proximally, with or without teeth in middle part; pistils 3, glabrous. June—September. Open mountain slopes.— Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (E. of Lake Issyk-kul!'). Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash. Described after Regel's specimens from the Karakol area. Type in Budapest. Note. Since the author did not indicate the year of A. Regel's collection, it was impossible to locate Regel's karakol specimens, according to which A.karakolicum Rapsc. was described in the Herbarium of the BIN.* These were apparently collected in Karakol, on the southeastern shore of Lake Issyk-kul', which Regel visited in 1877, since the herbarium specimens with characteristic narrow-linear appressed leaves are confined to eastern Tien Shan. Field studies are needed to clarify this question in detail. Series 20. Brevituberosa Steinb. — Plants 0.5—1m high, with beaded rootstock of small tubers, to 5-8mm long and as thick, frequently bearing roots. 49, A.saposhnikovii Fedtsch.,sp. nova in Addenda VI, p. 563. Perennial; rootstock a slender chain of smallish connate tubers 5-6mm long and as broad; stem to 55cm, 2—3mm thick at base, rounded, covered with small curved hairs visible only with the aid of a hand lens, the pubescence denser in the inflorescence and mainly of crisp hairs; leaves 3—8, the blade 25—40mm long, 50-—60mm broad, mostly in lower half of stem, pentagonal in general outline, dissected to base into 5 broadly cuneate segments, these divided into 2 or 3 lobes, with rounded-acuminate teeth, 3—8mm long, 2—4mm broad, the middle segment 12—20mm proad in its undissected part; leaves glabrate on both surfaces, with few hairs along the veins, margin sparsely ciliate-margined; inflorescence a loose few- flowered raceme of 4—8 flowers, violet-blue (when dry) with a white patch at base of lateral tepal, to 28mm long and to 12mm broad; hood in fully developed flowers usually strongly curved away from lateral tepals, 14—16mm long, to 11mm broad at level of beak, 5—7mm high, slightly pubescent, glabrate, beak more densely pubescent, ciliate-margined; lateral tepals suborbicular, sometimes slightly oblique, 10-—14mm long, 10-—12mm * [The Botanical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.] 182 2 36 broad, with long sparse hairs on the inside, glabrous or densely covered with crisp hairs on the outside, ciliate-margined; lower tepals very unequal, 9-10 mm long, 1—5mm broad, glabrate on the inside, pubescent on the outside; nectaries with a slightly curved claw, spur 0.5—1 mm long, and lamina 1—2mm broad terminating in a smallish upcurved emarginate lip; stamens glabrous, broadening toward base; pistils 3, glabrous. July. Spruce forests and river valleys.— Centr. Asia: T. Sh. Endemic. Described from the Naryn River gorge between the Imet and Kashka-su rivers (20 July 1913, B. Sapozhnikov). Type in Leningrad. 50. A.tranzschelii Steinb., sp. nova in Addenda VI, p, 564. Perennial; rootstock a beaded chain of smallish connate tubers to 5mm broad, 6—7mm long, bearing roots; stem to 70cm, erect, 3—-3.5mm thick at base, covered with small appressed slightly crisp hairs, sometimes in the inflorescence and on the pedicels with a pubescence of distant hairs; lower cauline leaves borne on petioles 7—15cm long; leaf blade 3-14cm long and 5—7.5cm broad, quite glabrous beneath, with a very slight pubescence above (visible only with a hand lens): the blade ciliate- margined, grayish green, paler beneath, pentagonal in general outline, dissected almost to base into 3—5 broadly cuneate segments, the lower segments convergent or almost convergent or forming an acute angle, each segment cleft to the middle or less deeply into 2 or 3 lobes terminating in large rounded-acuminate teeth; middle segment of lower cauline leaves 20—30mm broad in its undissected part; inflorescence a terminal few- flowered raceme, with 1—2 branches in its lower part; flowers violet-blue when dry, to 30mm long and 12mm broad; hood to 2 cm lond and 15—17mm broad at level of beak, 5-8mm high, with an acute beak slightly pubescent, more densely pubescent on the beak, in fully developed flowers very distant from lateral tepals; lateral tepals orbicular, slightly oblique, 13—15mm long and as broad, with long sparse hairs on the inside and a slight pubescence of small appressed hairs on the outside, ciliate-margined; lower tepals very unequal, 13—14mm long, 2—3 and 6—7mm broad, respectively, the largest with long sparse hairs on the inside, the smallest glabrous, both covered with small appressed hairs on the outside; nectaries with a curved claw, a smallish capitate spur 0.5—0.75mm in diameter, and a narrow (to 2mm) lamina terminating in a smallish upcurved lip; stamens glabrous, broadening toward base, sometimes in the middle part with a tooth on one side; pistils 4-5, glabrous. July. Slopes and in Juniperus thickets.— Centr. Asia: T. Sh. Endemic. Described from Fergana, in the vicinity of Irkeshtam (21 July 1900, W.Tranzschel). Type in Leningrad. 51. A.nemorum M. Pop. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XLIV, 3 (1935) 131. Perennial; rootstock a rather thin chain of connate fusiform or short triangular tubers 1—3cm long, 5-8mm thick; stem erect, to 1m, uniformly leafy almost from the very base, with a sparse pubescence of small retrorse hairs visible only with a hand lens; the axis of the inflorescence and the pedicels more strongly pubescent with distant straight hairs; all except the uppermost leaves petiolate, radical leaves usually dying off before flowering; petioles 0.5—10cm, glabrous or with hairs scarcely discernible with a hand lens; leaf blade 5—12cm broad and 3p 183 y) 37 long, pentagonal in general outline, glabrous, margin with very small cilia visible only with a hand lens, the blade dissected almost to base into 5 rhombic segments 2—3.5cm broad in their broad undissected part, each segment divided into 3 large lobes with large teeth; inflorescence a very loose terminal raceme, proximally with very spreading peduncles (4—6 cm apart), like the pedicels with a pubescence of distant hairs; flowers blue- violet, slightly pubescent on the outside, sometimes recurved; by end of flowering the hood removed from lateral tepals and then the flowers ca. 3cm long (as measured from tip of lower tepals to apex of hood), ca. 1.5cm broad; hood 1,5—1.8cm long, 1.3—1.6 broad, and 0.7—0.9cm high with a straight beak; lateral tepals suborbicular, 1.1—1.3cm long, 1.2-1.4cm broad, ciliate-margined; lower tepals ca. 1cm long and 1.5 and 2-4mm broad, respectively; nectaries with a curved claw, a noninflated lamina, a capitate spur, and a slender terminally bilobate lip; stamens glabrous or with isolated hairs, broadened proximally; pistils 3, glabrous. August. Forests.— Centr. Asia: T. Sh. Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash. Described from the vicinity of Alma-Ata. Type in Alma-Ata; cotype in Leningrad. Genus 526. ANEMONE* L.** L., Syst. ed. 1(1735); L. Sp. pl. (1753) 532. Flowers solitary or in cymose, often many-flowered inflorescences, smallish or rather large, with 5—20 tepals of varying shape; stamens more or less numerous; pistils numerous, pubescent or glabrous, with or some- times without a mostly short straight or curved style with one integument, single ovule pendulous, fruitlets nutlike, of varying shape, glabrous or variously pubescent (see descriptions of the separate subgenera), frequently with various adaptations allowing distribution by wind or more rarely by animals, without a stalk (apophysis). Perennial herbaceous plants with a subterranean, often fleshy, cylindric or tuberous rootstock. Radical leaves sometimes absent but usually with petioles of varying length, the leaf blade mostly palmatisect or palmatipartite; stems or scapes terminal, rarely in axils of lower or radical leaves. Involucral leaves verticillate, occasionally opposite, mostly remote from flowers, herbaceous, sometimes greatly reduced, but never appearing like sepals. Russian name: vetrenitsa. Economic importance. Most species of Anemone are poisonous (in particular A.nemorosa L., A. ranunculoides IL., and species closely related to these, A. dichotoma L., etc.). Several species of the subgenera Anemonanthea DC., Eriocephalus Hook. et Thoms., and Homalocarpus DC are ornamental. Los Radicaldleavessnone or: 1(2) yc sues ee ee ee ee 2). Radical leaves more or less numerous and not fewer than 3, forming B TOSSHE 5 3. St sn Sis veo. Wis) elegans a Pe ee neo aut oe eee 21. 2. Involucre of 3 very rarely 2 cauline leaves surrounding the lor 2 (—5) simple leafless peduncles) py.) (tir ga) ene ae 3. * From the Greek anemos, wind. ** Treatment by S.V.Yuzepchuk. 184 to + & am om On ok oe Gy Sel Bua MEME REED ere 0s St Cauline leaves with very long petioles half as long as or almost as long as the blade; leaf segments on short petiolules .......... PEOTIOR SE Phe 1 a om 0 ree VOY Gnd lioAsadensis: Trautvet Mey. Cauline leaves on shorter petioles and with sessile segments .... 14. Cauline leaves with narrow linear-lanceolate or oblong segments, these’ entire or with few teeth’... 000 be 5. A.debilis Fisch. Cauline leaves with elongate-rhombic segments coarsely incised- Memeate PLSD ee, WS Pea 9, A.umbrosa C.A.M. NOE 8 ce oh oe at ot at at i on i CERIN ORD PORERS GIS © os 16, eee aoa, an foie. aig al VO, ms Boole 1d. fa Tee. we we Ad Sean se adele iat Ses iNT he 185 240 TGs Wel 1S. 26. 29, 30. Cauline leaves with slender petioles. European plants ........ Se arn rune Teens nb MN bear Ia sO d rs Scr src alo" ich 3 6. A.nemorosa L. Cauline leaves with rather broad somewhat winged petioles. Far Eastern plants: 22/3) 5 ieien i las maaan 7. A.amurensis (Korsh.) Kom. Stems and petioles of radical leaves glabrous; petioles of cauline leaves Scamcellya piloSenye yey ieme ie vei 1a rite Weather re etic 8. A.altaica Fisch. Stems (at least distally) and in particular the petioles of radical and cauline leaves covered with long horizontally spreading hairs .... ey Aiea re ener Ne Ca (Ane ee tuo adc cle tock . 10. A. raddeana Rgl. Leaves glabrous or remotely pilose; fruitlets with conspicuous but shorteucurved, Sty lesn wien: webied--)s elel Dv;-Pech., V.-Kama; U; Dnp.,. -Lad.- tie. ls inp), Bly, .V.-Don, “Eransv.;''Crim.; ’Caucasus:, Cisc. Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur., Scand., Atl. Eur. (absent in England), Med., As. Min. (Taurus Mt.) Tib.? Described from N. Europe. Hybrid: A.nemorosa L.X A. ranunculoides L. (A. seemeni Camus in Journ. de Bot. (1898) 101.—A.intermedia Winkl. ex Pritz. in Linnaea XV (1821) 652, non Schultes.— A. sulphurea Pritz.,l.c., non Linn. nec All.) with sulfur-yellow flowers is occasionally encountered together with the parent species (published in HFR No. 452a, b, Leningrad). 2. A.jenisseensis (Korsh.) Kryl., Fl. Sib. Occident. V (1931) 1157.- A.ranunculoides subsp. jenisseensis Korsh., Fl. Vost. Evr. Ross. (1892) 56. Perennial, 12—29cm high; stem weak, elongated, glabrous; involucral leaves with petioles 3—5mm long, trisected into linear-lanceolate segments, the lateral segments sometimes more or less deeply cleft in their lower part, with 1 lobe on the outer side, the middle segments usually entire, in lower half always entire but in upper half with few large subobtuse teeth, rarely also entire, ciliate-margined; peduncles 1 or 2, with a short down; flowers 1.5—2.5cm in diameter; tepals 5, ovate or elliptic, yellow, with a very short down on the outside, their [upper] epidermal cells frequently prolonged into papillae. In other characters the plant resembles A.ranunculoides L. From second half of May through June. Coniferous (pine or spruce-and-fir), mixed, broadleaf (birch) forests, forest margins, damp forest meadows, and margins of sedge bogs. — W.Siberia: Ob (westermost finds in the former Mariinsk County on the southern slopes of the Archi Ridge, opposite the village of Borovaya), Yenis. (S. of 68.5° N. lat), Ang.-Say. ([former] Nizhne-Udinsk County, environs of Irkutsk, etc.). Endemic. Described from various sites along the Yenisei River. Type in Leningrad. 3. A.uralensis Fisch.,ex DC., Prodr. I (1824) 19; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 14.—A.ranunculoides subsp. uralensis Korsh., Fl. Vost. Evr. Ross. 1 (1892) 57.— A. coerulea var. uralensis Korsh., Tent. Fl. Ross. Or. (1898) 6.— A. coerulea X ranunculoides Korsh. in Bot. Centralbl. XLII (1890) 387—393.— Ic.: Korsh:, 1.c. (1892) tab.1.— Exs.: Dorfl. Herb. norm, No. 4421. Perennial, closely resembling A. ranunculoides but distinguished from it by the somewhat narrower lanceolate leaf segments, particularly by the color of the tepals (rose-red, white, more rarely azure, yellow, or of intermediate hues), and also by the papillote [upper] epidermal cells of the tepals. On the other hand, forms with azure flowers closely resemble A.coerulea DC., from which they are distinguished by the different type of leaf dentation: for in A.uralensis the teeth are usually subobtuse or rounded,as in A.ranunculoides L. Scrub, banks of mountain streams, floodplain meadows, and meadow moors.— European part: V.-Kama (Bilimbai, Krasnoufimsk, etc.). Endemic. Described from the Ural Mountains. Type in Geneva. 189 244 247 4, A.coerulea DC., Syst. 1(181:8).203; slidb:,: Ble Rossty by 23s Kaye Fl. Zap. Sib. V, 1157.-A.incisa Ldb., Ind. sem. Hort. Dorp. (1824).— Nees Ss Olaieae lt gin ey IDIG.b) Tess role. IL (1824) 20.—A.ranunculoides subsp. coerulea Korsh., Fl. Vost. Evr. Ross. (1892) 56.— A. coerulea var. typica Huth in Bull. Herb. Boiss. V (1897) 1073.— A. coerulea subsp. typica Ulbr. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XXXVII (1906) 217.— Ic.: Deless., Ic. select. I (1820) tab. 14. Perennial, 10—20(—25)cm high; rootstock creeping, cylindric, somewhat grayish brown; stem erect, glabrous; involucral leaves 3, with short (3-5mm) broadened slightly pilose or glabrate petioles, the leaf blade 5—6 times as long as the petiole, trisected to base into oblong or linear- lanceolate narrow acute segments, the lateral segments bipartite, the trifid middle one incised-dentate in upper part with 3-5 more or less long acute teeth on each side that are often falcately curved on the outside; leaf blade with short-ciliate margin, pilose beneath; peduncle 1(2), much shorter than involucral leaves, covered with appressed or erect-spreading flowers smallish, 0.8—2.5cm in diameter; tepals 5, ovate or elliptic, very obtuse, divaricate, azure, appressed-pilose beneath; upper epidermal cells of the tepals papillate; fruitlets pilose with an apically recurved beak. End of April to beginning of June. Sparse coniferous, broadleaf, and mixed forests and their margins, scrub, forest meadows, sometimes floodplain meadows. — W.Siberia: Irt., Ob., Alt.; E.Siberia: Ang.-Say. Endemic. Described from Siberia "circa Zmeef'' (Patrin). Type in Geneva. 5. A.debilis Fisch. ap. Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXVII, 2 (1854) 274; Kom., Fl. Penins. Kamtsch. II (1929) 130.— A. ranun- culoides 8 gracilis Schlechtd. in Linnaea VI (1831) 574.— Aveocerulea pigracilis: idb., “Hl sRoss. Ly it. aA. tinea ris Schlechtd. (pater) in Herb. Willd.—A.gracilis F,Schmidt in Mém. Ac. Sc. Pétersb. VII sér.; tab. XII, No. 2 (1868) 102.—Ic.: Miyoshi et Makino, Pock.-Atl. Alp. Pl. Jap. II (1907) tab. 37, fig. 207. Perennial, rootstock shortish, rather slender; radical leaves solitary, long-petioled, trisected into obovate-rhombic or broad-obovate very obtuse ciliolate-margined segments that are otherwise glabrous or pilose above; these 2—3-fid, cuneate distally, with few (5—10) large obtuse apiculate teeth with mucro; stems solitary, rarely 2, erect, slender, remotely pilose or glabrous; involucral leaves short-petioled, trisected to base into linear- lanceolate, lanceolate, oblong subacute or obtuse segments, these entire or in larger specimens with few large teeth; peduncles solitary, short, erect, slender, pilose above; flowers small, 0.8-—1.6cm in diameter, nutant; tepals 5(6), oblong-elliptic, obtuse, white, greenish on the outside, glabrous; pistils pilose; fruitlets ovate, acute, with somewhat curved but distally straight (not hamate) styles. Second half of May, June. Coniferous forests, forest margins, scrub, and dry herb-covered slopes. — Far East: Kamch., Ok., Uda, Sakh. Gen. distr.: N.Japan. Described from near Tigil' in Kamchatka and also from the Kurile Islands. Type in Leningrad. 6. A.nemorosa L., Sp. pl. (1'753)/541; dbs, Hl) Ross. b 15. soso Fl. Or. 1, 13:—A.alba Gilib:, Fl) lith I (792) 275) — Ay) memioncesia 190 (245) PLATE XV. 1—Anemone ranunculoides L., a) habit, b) stamen, c) fruitlet; 2—-A.nemorosa L., a) cauline leaf, b) flower; 3—A.altaica Fisch., a) cauline leaf, b) flower; 4—A.raddeana Rgl., upper part of stem; 5 — A.udensis Trautv., a) cauline leaf, b) flower; 6 — A.reflexa Steph., a) flower, b) stamen; 7—A.caucasica Willd., habit; 8 -A.baicalensis Turcz., radical leaf; 9-A.glabrata (Maxim.) Juz., habit. 19] 248 subsp. typica Korsh., Fl. Vost. Evr. Ross. I (1892) 59. = Ie-: Rehb., Ic. Fl. Germ. IV, tab. 47; Garden XXXII (1887) 344; Beet, Wiis b le Wink Eur, Il, tab! 16: — Exs:: ER) NoW45o: Rie Minit exc: No 70-0. Perennial, 6—20(—30)cm high; rootstock horizontal, cylindric, smooth, yellowish or brown; radical leaves usually solitary, long-petioled, trisected into short-petioluled segments, the lateral segments bipartite, the trifid middle one with entire cuneate base and incised-serrate lobes and lobules; stems erect, glabrous or remotely pilose; involucral leaves 3, their slender 1—2cm petioles half as long as the blade, the blade trisected into sessile segments resembling the radical leaves in their division and type of dentation; peduncles usually solitary, long, appressed-pilose; flowers 4—4.5cm in diameter; tepals 6—8, oblong-ovate, white or on the outside reddish violet, occasionally reddish violet thoroughout, glabrous on both surfaces, many times as long as the stamens; anthers yellow; fruitlets 4—4,5mm long, oblong, short-pilose, with a short curved beak. April—May. (Plate XV, Figure 2,a—b). Damp forests, forest margins, groves, scrub, parks,and grass plots. — European part: Kar:-Lap., Dvi-Pechs,, Lad: -lime UV.) vesKania (W.), U. Dnp., M1 Dope 2Gen: distr.: Centr.) Bur. yacand.., Akl) Eun. ever Described from W. Europe. Type in London. Economic importance. The pungent taste is due to ''anemonol'’; when decomposed it yields the cardiac poison amenonin and pulsatilla camphor. Ornamental, especially the double-flowering forms. 7. A.amurensis (Korsh.) Kom., Fl. Mansh. II (1904) 262.— A. nemo- rosa subsp. amurensas: KorshiinypAy Habs Och (1892) 293; Korzhinskii, Fl. Vost. Evr. Ross. 1 (1892) 61; Hultén, Fl. Kamtch. II, 114.- A.nemorosa var. kamtschatica Kom., Fl. penins. Kamtsch. II (1929) 129.— A. altaica Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 16 pro parte (quoad pl. Kamiseh:), mon Pischs— Ie); Kom.) Hlaspen.) (Kamtseh. Me tab lae Miyabe et Miyake, Fl. Saghalin (1915) tab.2.— Exs.: HFR No.1901. Perennial, (7—)12—28cm high; rootstock long-cylindric, smooth; radical leaves trisected into long-petioluled segments, these 3-parted to base into sessile or short-petioluled lobes; stems rather weak; involucral leaves often little developed by time of flowering, with rather broad some- what winged, petioles with rather densely spreading hairs one-fourth to one-third as long as the segments, segments narrow-ovate, pinnatifid, their lobules and teeth subobtuse or distally rounded or short-acuminate; peduncles covered with dense erect-spreading or contiguous hairs; flowers 2.5-3cm in diameter; tepals 5—8 (usually 6 or 7), relatively narrow, oblong, white; stamens twice as long as tepals; fruitlets few, densely pilose. In other characters the plant resembles A.nemorosa L. End of April to first half of June. Broadleaf and coniferous forests, shrub thickets, and more rarely open slopes.— Far East: Uss., Kamch. Gen. distr.: Jap.-Ch. (Manchuria, N.Korea). Described from broadleaf forests along the lower course of the Ussuri River (Kazakevicheva station). Type in Leningrad. 8. Alaltaica Fiseh. ex /C2A. Min ldb., Fl Ates 1 (1830) 362en tdiow PT. Ross. 1, 16; Kkryl Pl. Zap. Sib. V, 10s9) = A nem omos 2 suespr 192 49 7 altaica Korsh., Fl. Vost. Evr. Ross. I (1892) 62.—Ic.: Ldb., Ic. pl. Fl. Ross. IV (1833) tab. 388; Miyoshi et Makino., Pock.-Atl. Alp. Pl. Jan! Ui, stabi), tie..272, xs.) HER No;251, Perennial, 8—20cm high; rootstock cylindric, thickened in places, yellowish grayish brown; stem glabrous; cauline leaves with scarcely pilose petioles 5—18 mm long, one-fourth to one-third the length of the blade, the latter trisected into oblong-ovate acuminate segments, the lateral sessile or subsessile, sometimes bilobate, oblique, the middle segment short-petioluled, sometimes trilobate, all segments entire only at base, otherwise subulate-dentate with dorsally convex teeth; peduncles solitary, covered with appressed or erect-spreading hairs; flowers rather large, 2—4cm in diameter; tepals 8—12 (usually 9), oblong, obtuse, white, sometimes violet beneath, glabrous on both surfaces; fruitlets covered with short rigidulous erect-spreading or distant hairs, with a short recurved beak. April—May. (Plate XV, Figure 3,a-—b). Coniferous and mixed forests, forest margins, grass plots, and more rarely meadows.— Arctic: Arc. Eur.; European part: Dv.-Pech., V.-Kama, iransy.., V.—Don (Penza);. We plperion (Ob. ulrt.. ALL BR oiberias, Meniss, Ang.-Say. Gen. distr.: Reported also for Japan. Described from Altai. Type in Leningrad. 9. A.umbrosa C.A.M. in Ldb., Fl. Alt. II (1830) 361; Ldb., Fl. Ross. ito: “Worvlate Hl i ap. SibenV,9 £258. Le .2odadb:;,le. pli, Fl. Ross. 1 (1830) tab. 118. Perennial, 10—25cm high; radical leaves usually 1 or none, long- petioled, 5-sect, with broad rhombic or ovate slightly acuminate segments with short petiolules; stems slender, somewhat flexuous, glabrous; petioles of involucral leaves 1—3.5cm, two-fifths to half the length of the blade, blade trisected to base into elongate-rhombic cuneate segments, segments entire, acute, shallowly trifid (the lateral mostly bifid), coarsely incised-dentate; leaf blade remotely appressed-pilose above, more densely so beneath; peduncles solitary, rarely 2, covered with accumbent hairs; flowers 2—2.5cm in diameter; tepals 5, elliptic, white, appressed-pilose beneath (sometimes only along a median line); ovary silky-pubescent; style short, thickish, smooth. Shaded stony places, forest margins, and scrub.— W.Siberia: Alt.; Far East: Uss. Gen. distr.: Jap.-Ch. (Manchuria, N.Korea). Described from the vicinity of Riddersk [Leninogorsk] (Grammatukha River). Type in Leningrad. 10. A.raddeana Regl. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXIV (1861) 16; Kom., Fl. Mansh. II, 266.— A.raddeana subsp. villosa Ulbr. in Engl. Bot. Jehrh, XXViT (1906) 221.—Ie.:° Rel.; I.c.,, tab.1, fig. 2. Perennial, 6—28cm high; rootstock horizontal, rather short, fusiformly thickened with large pellucid-scarious scales at tip and on base of stem; radical leaf usually 1, long-petioled, covered with rather sparse longish horizontally spreading hairs, trisected into broad-ovate, occasionally sub- orbicular segments with longish petiolules, petioles and petiolules pubescent; base of segments often somewhat cordate, segments tripartite, the lobes narrow-ovate, shallowly 2—3-fid, with entire or 2—3-toothed subobtuse lobules; leaf segments narrow, glabrous or with isolated long 193 250 spreading hairs; stems with rather sparse or isolated long horizontally spreading hairs, frequently glabrous in lower half, occasionally entirely glabrous; involucral leaves in upper half of plant [sic], pubescence of their petioles like that of stem, the blade trisected into linear or oblong or obovate segments, distally shallowly 2—3-fid or dentate, proximally margin usually with long spreading hairs; peduncles solitary, short, glabrous or covered with horizontally spreading hairs; tepals 10—15, either narrow and almost linear-lanceolate or broader and oblong-ovate, glabrous on both surfaces; stamens one-third to half as long as tepals; ovary pilose. March-April. (Plate XV, Figure 4). Dense shady forests and damp mountain valleys.— Far Hast: LEA Bua, Uss., Sakh. Gen. distr.: Manchuria. Described from the Amur River. Type in Leningrad. Note. Replaced in Japan by a related race which is distinguished, among other rhings, by the complete lack of pubescence on the stem and on other parts of the plant (A. raddeana subsp. glaba Ulbr., l.c.= A.maximowiczii Juz. in sched.). 11, A.udensis Trautv. et Mey. in Middend. Reise, Fl. Ochot. II (1847) No.7.— Ic.: Trautv. et Mey., l.c., tab.26; Rgl. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. MXOXIVe Nossa S6l)iab. 1, ties 32 Perennial, 12—25cm high; rootstock long-creeping, slender, with elongated internodes, sometimes with long slender creeping shoots; radical leaves usually lacking; stems covered with rather dense horizontally spreading hairs; involucral leaves 3, large, with long petioles as long or half as long as the blade, pubescence as on stem; leaf blade trisected, the segments short-petioluled, broad-obovate, base obtuse or short-acuminate, distally entire, sometimes very shallowly trifid, distal half rather coarsely dentate, with broad abruptly subacuminate teeth; leaf blade rather thin, glabrous above, remotely or rather densely spreading-pilose beneath; peduncles solitary, rather slender, flexuous, with predominantly rather short erect-spreading hairs; flowers 2—3.5cm in diameter; tepals ovate or broad-ovate, subobtuse or obtuse, pure white, apically appressed-pilose beneath; stamens one third length of the tepals; ovary covered with dense silvery white hairs. May to mid-June. (Plate XV, Figure 5,a—b). Broadleaf forests, forest margins, shrub thickets, and shaded dryish stony slopes.— Far East: Ze.-Bu., Uss., Uda. Gen. distr.: Jap.-Ch. (Manchuria). Described from Udskii Ostrog. Type in Leningrad. Subsection 2. REFLEXA Ulbr. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. Bd. XXXVII (1906) 194.— Tepals narrow, recurved. Filaments irregularly broadened, connectives broad. 12. A.reflexa Steph. in Willd., Spec. pl. II (1797) 1281; Ldb., Fl. Ross. La skryl iY Zap. Sib. OV Sauce Welesisns Len toeus I (1820) tab. 15. Perennial, 12—25cm high; rootstock creeping, cylindric, yellowish grayish brown; radical leaves long-petioled, glabrous like the stem, their segments short-petioluled, rhombic or ovate; involucral leaves 3, petioles 1—1.5cm, covered with sparse spreading hairs, blade trisected, segments 194 251 252 sessile, elongate-rhombic or lanceolate, long-acuminate, the lateral segments often bifid, the outer lobule entire proximally, the middle segment with entire base, otherwise the segments coarsely subulate-dentate or incised- dentate, with acute or subobtuse teeth,margin more or less ciliate otherwise glabrous or remotely pilose; peduncles solitary, rarely 2, pubescent, 1.5-—3cm; flowers ca. lcm in diameter; tepals 5, rarely 6, 6—7cm long, 1—1.5mm broad, linear-oblong, tapering to base, white, pubescent on the outside; fruitlets oblong-ovate, covered with dense erect-spreading hairs, with a recurved beak. May to beginning of June. (Plate XV, Figure 6, a—b). Coniferous, mixed, sometimes broadleaf (birch), but mostly rather sparse forests.— European part: V.-Kama (Perm); W. Siberia: Ob; rAlts; E.Siberia: Yenis., Ang.-Say., Dau.; Far East: Uss. Gen. distr.: Mong. (N.), Jap.-Ch. (N.Korea). Described from Siberia. Type in Berlin. Section 2. TUBEROSA Ulbr. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XXXVII (1905) 194. — Rootstock tuberous, rounded or somewhat elongated; tepals narrow- lanceolate, numerous; receptacle rather strongly convex. 13. A.caucasica Willd., herb. ex Rupr., Fl. Cauc. (1869) 14, 286; Bose. 21, Or. Suppl., 3; NW. Busch in Fi. caue, crit: IIT, 3;..90.— SVYeppenina MrB., Fi. taur.-cauc. il, 19 p.p.,-non L.—Avappenina Bparvula DC., Prodr. I (1824) 19 p.p.; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 14.— Exs.: Herb. Fl. Cauc. No.353; Pl. or exs. No.110. Perennial; stem 5—20cm high; rootstock smallish, 5—-13mm in diameter, ovate or almost circular in cross section; radical leaves with long petioles, these glabrous or remotely pilose like the stem, blade ternately dissected into sessile or subsessile segments, the lateral bipartite to base, both the inner lobes and the middle segment trifid with rather short shallowly serrate-dentate lobules and few subobtuse teeth, the leaf blade glabrous or with isolated hairs above; involucral leaves with rather short petioles, similar to radical leaves but with entire lobules or with only isolated teeth; peduncles pilose; tepals 8-10, smallish, 7-15mm long, linear-oblong, blue, glabrous on the outside; fruitlets pilose with a conspicuous but short curved style. April-May. (Plate XV, Figure 7). Meadow and scrub in the forest and alpine zones. Caucasus: Cisc., W.Transc. (Abkhazia), E. and S.Transc., Tal. Gen. distr.: N.Iran. Described from Georgia. Type in Berlin. Note. This species is the USSR variant of the West European A.appenina L. 14; A.blanda Schott et Kotschy in Oesterr. Wochenbl. (1854) 139.— A.appenina Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 14, non L.— Ic.: Garden LXXI (1907) 178; LXXV (1911) 152 (phot.). Exs.: Fl. Cauc. exs. No.157. Perennial; stem 12—25cm high; rootstock oblong, short-cylindric, thick; radical leaves with long petioles that, like the stem, are remotely pilose or glabrous, the leaf blade trisected, the segments short-petioluled or subsessile, trifid to the middle with shallowly incised-dentate lobules and with few subobtuse or obtuse, sometimes almost rounded teeth, the leaf blade appressed-pilose above, glabrous beneath; involucral leaves long-petioled, trisected to base, the segments sessile, trifid to the middle, 195 253 with coarsely 2—3-toothed lobules and subobtuse teeth; peduncles covered with accumbent hairs; flowers 2—3.8cm in diameter; tepals 9-18, 10—22 mm long, linear-oblong, blue, glabrous on the outside; fruitlets short- pilose, with a displaced black verrucose or almost obsolete style. April> May. Dry hills, scrub, forests (oak), forest margins, and lower part of the forest zone. — Caucasus: Cisc. (Stavropol, Kuban River area), W.Transc. (Novorossiisk, Adzharia? ),E. Transc. (Abastuman?). Gen. distr.: Bal.-As. Min. Described from the Taurus Mountains. Note. The Ciscaucasian plant must be thoroughly compared with the authentic A. blanda,as its area of distribution is disjunct from the main range of A. blanda. Section 3. STOLONIFERA Ulbr. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XXXVII (1905) 195. — Rootstock sometimes (in A. flaccida) cylindric with short inter- nodes, in most species with elongated internodes, 10—15mm long, covered with squamiform leaves from axils of upper squamiform or radical leaves; there are produced short (in USSR species) or very long stolons. In other characters this section resembles section Sylvia, from which it is distinguished by the often conspicuous reduction of the third leaf of the involucre and by the smaller flowers, as a rule, with a definite number of tepals. Series 1. Flaccidae Juz.— Rootstock rather thick and short; cauline leaves very short petioled, differing little from radical leaves in size and in type of segmentation, with deeply incised-dentate lobes and mostly obtuse teeth. 15. A.flaccida F.Schmidt in Mém. Ac. Sc. Pétersb. VII sér., No. 2 (1868) 103.— Ic.: Somoku Dzusetsu, ed.2, X (1874) tab. 32; ed. Makino (Iconogr. Pl. Nipp.) X (1910) tab. 32. Perennial, 9-30cm high; rootstock creeping, thickish, cylindric, black, with small transverse scars without remnants of previous year's leaves; stem erect, weak, succulent, when dry taeniate-applanate; stem (especially above) and petioles of radical leaves glabrous or remotely pilose; radical leaves long-petioled, trisected, the lateral segments 2—3-parted considerably below the middle into bifid lobes, the middle segment trifid to the middle, with incised-dentate lobules and with divaricate obtuse or slightly sub- acuminate teeth, the leaf blade glabrous on both surfaces or remotely pilose above; involucral leaves 3, resembling the radical leaves, subsessile with narrow base; one of the involucral leaves simple, rhombic-obovate cuneate, the remainder larger, tripartite, the lobes narrowed proximally, entire, apically incised-dentate, with 9—11 divaricate teeth; peduncles 1-2, occasionally 3, long, covered with soft spreading and in upper part accumbent hairs; flowers 1.5—3cm in diameter; tepals 5—7,twice as long as stamens, narrow-oblong, tapering to base, white, greenish on the outside, glabrous on both surfaces or with scattered hairs toward base on the outside, long- persistent and deciduous together with mature fruits; pistils appressed- pilose; fruitlets somewhat inflated, appressed-pilose, at maturity frequently glabrate, with an oblique thickened sessile stigma. May—June. 5667 196 2 54 Silty soil on the banks of rivulets.— Far East: Sakh. Gen. distr.: Jap.-Ch.? Described from Due and the village of Mgachi in Sakhalin. Type in Leningrad. Note. Plants from Japan and China referred to this species may be different. Series 2. Baicalenses Juz.— Rootstock very slender, greatly elongated; involucral leaves considerably smaller than the radical, sessile, with lobes and teeth considerably more acute than in radical leaves. 16. A.baicalensis Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XV (1842) 42; Ldb., Pia Boss.,1,.17. Perennial, 18—35cm high; rootstock slender, elongated, developing slender shoots and rooting profusely; stem,as also petioles of radical leaves, covered with more or less dense spreading or somewhat reclinate soft hairs; radical leaves with very long petioles, reniform or broadly cordate or suborbicular, trisected to base, the segments sessile or with scarcely discernible petiolules, ovate-rhombic, narrowed at base, the lateral segments bipartite to the middle, their lobes, as also the middle segment, trifid (outer lobe usually bifid), with incised-dentate lobules and with rather small subacuminate teeth (15—38 in the middle segment); leaf blade remotely or rather densely pilose on both surfaces, with accumbent hairs above and spreading hairs beneath; involucral leaves much smaller than the radical, sessile, 3-parted to three-fourths their length into incised lobes, dentate lobules, with few shallowly incised acute teeth; peduncles 1 or 2, elongated, with rather sparse spreading or in upper part erect-spreading hairs; flowers rather large,ca. 2—2.5cm in diameter; tepals 5(—7), oblong-ovate, often somewhat dissimilar, white, with accumbent hairs on the outside or with few hairs only near base; ovaries densely appressed- pilose; fruitlets 4—6, broad-elliptic, flattened, covered with short rigidulous accumbent or erect hairs, with an apical sessile turban-shaped stigma. July. (Plate XV, Figure 8). Shaded herb-covered sites and forests.— E.Siberia: Ang.-Say., Dau. Endemic? Described from the southern shore of Lake Baikal near the mouths of the Khara-Murin and Vydrinka rivulets. Type in Leningrad, 17. A. glabrata (Maxim.) Juz.,comb. nova.— A. baicalensis var. glabrata Maxim., Prim. fl. Amur. (1859) 18.— A. baicalensis Kom., lS Wikeiateyor one (1903) 265, non Turcz.— Ic.: Komarov and Klob.-Alisova, Key for pl. far-east. reg. USSR 1 (1931) tab. 164. Perennial, 6—35cm high; rootstock slender, with elongated internodes, producing shoots and abundant rootlets; stem,as also petioles of radical leaves, usually glabrous, rarely with isolated or few hairs, twice as long as or one-third longer than petioles of radical leaves, the latter frequently reniform, rarely suborbicular, trisected to base, the segments sessile or subsessile, the segments broad-rhombic with a broad obtuse-angled or right-angled base, usually contiguous-margined, more rarely divergent; lateral segments bipartite to three-fourths or to the middle, with shallowly bifid lobes, the middle lobe shallowly trifid, with entire or 2—3-fid lobules, the latter also very coarsely and irregularly crenate-dentate, with mostly 197 obtuse rounded or rarely subacuminate teeth (13-24 in middle segment); leaf segments remotely pilose or glabrate above, glabrous or with few scattered hairs mainly along the veins beneath, margin appressed-ciliate; involucral leaves 2 or 3, elliptic, narrowed at both ends, 2 of them 2—3-fid, their lobes entire or usually with 1—2 subacuminate or acute large teeth on each side, the third involucral leaf if present usually entire; peduncles 1 or 2, rather short, sometimes glabrate, usually covered with scattered or (especially above) rather dense erect-spreading or accumbent hairs; flowers 1.5—2.7cm in diameter; tepals 5, obovate or sometimes sub- orbicular, white, glabrous on the outside; stamens about half as long as tepals; pistils and fruitlets quite glabrous; achenes ovoid-ellipsoid, somewhat oblquely narrowed above, with sessile displaced stigmas. May to beginning of June. (Plate XV, Figure 9). Forest margins, scrub, river valleys,more rarely meadow slopes, and moist soll.—'Har Bast: Ze Buss Uss., da. Genz disuc.: ana em. (Manchuria). Described from near the village of Daiso on the Amur River. Type in Leningrad. 18. A.litoralis (Litw.) Juz.,comb. nova.— A. baicalensis var. litoralis Litw. in Sched. ad Herb. Fl. Ross. VI (1908) 117.— Exs.: HFR No.1902. Perennial; stem 5—12(—25)cm; stem,as also petioles of radical leaves, glabrous or (above or very rarely throughout) remotely pilose; radical leaves trisected, the segments usually with a narrower base than in A.glabrata but otherwise similar to the latter species, the leaf teeth fewer and larger than in A. baicalensis, often subobtuse; leaf blade entirely pilose or only along the veins above, usually glabrous, sometimes entirely sparsely pilose beneath but only rarely so along the veins proximally, margin appressed-ciliate; involucral leaves deeply incised- dentate, with few elongated acuminate teeth; peduncles rather short, with scattered or sparse loosely accumbent hairs; ovaries and fruitlets appressed-pilose (sometimes only proximally). In other characters this plant is similar to A. baicalensis and even more similar to A.glabrata, from which it is distinguished only by its somewhat smaller size, and in particular by the pilose pilstils and fruitlets. May to beginning of June. Forests and scrub. — Far East: Uss. (shore zone). Gen. distr.: Jap.- Ch., Manchuria? Described from the vicinity of Vladivostok. Type in Leningrad. Note. A minor geographic variety, replacing the more widely distributed A. glabrata; also,it should be compared with the Manchurian- Korean A.rossii S.Moore, of which we have not seen specimens. Subgenus 2. RIVULARIDIUM Jancz. in Revue gener. de Bot. IV (1892) 251.— Achenes thick, firm, glabrous or slightly and remotely pilose, with a rather large lignified hamately curved beak; rootstock of varying shape; inflorescence profusely branched, rarely unbranched and then 1-flowered; involucre 3-leaved; radical leaves usually much reduced, entire. Only one section in the USSR. 198 256 Section 1. RICHARDSONIA Ulbr. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XXXVII (1905) 199.— Smallish monanthous plants with a slender filiform rootstock slightly rooting at the nodes; radical leaves persistent at flowering; involucral leaves strongly developed, similar to the radical. Filaments filiform. Fruitlets with a short curved beak. Only one species. 19. A.richardsonii Hook. in Frankl. 1 Journ. ed.II, app. p.21; Fl. Bor.-Amer. I (1830) 6; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 16; Kom., Fl. penins. Kamtsch. Doten.— A vakniii Horhem., Ok. dan. Fi. vol. {I, 198 suppl. (a.1835).— We aretica Fisch. in Sched.—A.trifida C.A.M. in sched.— Ic.: Hook., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1 (1830) tab. IV, f. A.; Fl. Dan. fasc. 37 (1836) tab. 217b. (A. yahiii). Perennial, 8—25cm high; rootstock very slender, creeping, radical leaf solitary, its long petiole covered like lower part of stem with horizontally spreading hairs, the leaf blade reniform or rounded-reniform, shallowly 3—5-lobed, with shallow large teeth; cauline leaves 3—10cm above ground, sessile, flabellately trilobate, the lobes broad-obovate, shallowly 2—3-fid, with few largish rather acute teeth in distal part; one of these (the third) usually rudimentary; peduncles 4—8cm, covered with somewhat accumbent hairs; flowers solitary, 1.5—3cm in diameter; tepals 6, yellowish white or sulfur yellow, ovate or rather narrowly ovate; ovaries glabrous; styles long, filiform; fruitlet oblong-ovate, with very long yellowish curved beak with hamate tip (Plate XVI, Figure 1, a—b). Mountain tundras.— Arctic: Arc. Sib. (E. of the Lena River mouth); An. (Gizhiginsk); Far East: Kamch. (N.; Komandorskie Islands), Okh. (S. as far as Ayan). Gen. distr.: N. Am. (in Greenland — A. vahlii Hornem.). Described from Hudson Bay. Type unknown. Subgenus 3. PULSATILLOIDES DC. Syst. I (1818) 196, emend.— Fruitlets covered with obliquely spreading straight rigidulous hairs or glabrous, gradually, rarely abruptly tapering to a straight beak; involucre 2 or 3- leaved, usually strongly reduced. Only one section in the USSR. Section 1. HIMALAYICAE Ulbr. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XXXVII (1906) 201.— Rather low plants with a rosette of radical leaves; filaments ribbon- like, dilated; fruitlets usually covered with dense straight rigidulous hairs. 20. A.obtusiloba Don, Prodr. fl. Nep. (1825) 194.- A.micrantha Klotzsch in Kl. et Garcke, Botan. Ergebn. Reise Pr. Waldem. v. Preuss. (1862) 133.—Ic.: Royle, Illustr. Him. I, II (1834) 52; Bot. Reg. XXX (1844) tab.65; Klotzsch u. Garcke, l.c. (1862) tab. 38. Perennial, 4—15cm high; rootstock short, vertical, producing abundant fibrillose rootlets, distally enveloped by fibrous remnants of petioles; radical leaves with rather long petioles, covered with dense shortish spreading hairs, the leaf blade small, cordate, firm, slightly coriaceous, at first densely pilose, subsequently glabrate above, trisected to base, the segments sessile, very broadly obovate, cuneate, obtuse at top, shallowly 12 207 258 trifid, the lobules overlapping at the margins, entire or the middle lobule usually with 3 large crenate teeth; stem mostly arcuately ascending proximally, its pubescence identical with that of the petioles; involucral leaves 3, cuneate, apically trifid with narrow oblong subobtuse or obtuse lobes, appressed-pilose; peduncles 1 or 2, somewhat longer or considerably longer than the involucre, appressed-pilose; flowers small, 0.8—-1.5cm in diameter; tepals obovate, whitish on the inside, on the outside with numerous dark-colored veins or dingy violet-blue throughout, appressed-pilose; fruitlets small, ovate, pilose, with a glabrous beak. July. (Plate XVI, Figure 2,a-—c). Alpine tundras, rocks, and stony slopes.— Centr. Asia: T. Shen Gert distr.: Middle Asia, Jap.-Ch. Described from the Himalayas. Note. Forms of this presumably collective species require critical study. For the present it should be noted that the USSR plant is closer to the description and illustration of A. micrantha Klotzsch (accepted as a synonym of A. obtusiloba Don) than to the authentic A. obtusiloba. Subgenus 4. ERIOCEPHALUS Hook. f. et Thoms. in Fl. Indica 1(1856) 20. — Involucral leaves usually more or less reduced, sometimes well developed, resembling the radical leaves; inflorescence simple, 1-flowered or branched and then the lateral flowers with an involucre of bracts close to flower; receptacle much elongated, often very long, cylindric, more or less white- tomentose; fruitlets densely enveloped with very long soft crisp white unicellular hairs. Section 1. ORIBA Adans. Fam. II (1763) 459.— Rootstock tuberous, bearing short fleshy shoots. Flowers solitary or 2 or 3. Subsection 1. CORONARIOIDES P. Popow in Tr. Tifl. Bot. Sada XII, 2 (1913) 173. — Leaf teeth acute; involucral leaves sessile, gradually tapering to base; flowers solitary, frequently rather large. One representative in the USSR. 21. A. kuznetzowii Woron.,ex Grossh., Fl. Cauc. I (1930) 105. — AC cor omoaseita . Popow intr. Publ) Bots sada li (1913) 1 70, moms le Perennial; stem 10—20(—40)cm, slightly longer than radical leaves at flowering and later twice as long; radical leaves with long flexuous remotely pilose petioles, bipinnatisect, with 2 pairs of lateral segments, the lower long-petioluled, the upper with shortish petiolules, their subdivisions with short petiolules or sessile, deeply pinnatipartite or pinnatifid, their lobes or lobules entire or usually with few acute teeth, ciliate-margined; stems covered with rather sparse erect-spreading hairs; involucral leaves sessile, only slightly resembling the radical leaves, broad-rhombic, 3-parted to the middle into 2—3-lobulate lobes, the lobules narrow, elongated, acute, entire or with 2—3 elongated apical teeth, margins long-ciliate, peduncle densely covered with sericeous hairs; flowers 3.5—4.5cm in diameter; tepals 2—2.5cm long, broad-obovate, red, proximally with a circular patch of dark spots on the inside (Grossheim, 1.c.), appressed-pilose on the 200 259 outside; filaments purple; anthers and styles blackish violet; fruits unknown. April. Scrub. — Caucasus: S.Transc. (S. Karabakh). Endemic. Described from the former Karyagino County, between the village of Dashkesan and Tyuzlyakhskaya station. Type in Leningrad. Note. Though we have reserved for the Karabakh plant the name proposed by Yu.N. Voronov, we consider it as_a strictly provisional designation for one of the numerous forms of the composite Mediterranean group A.coronaria S.1., which urgently requires monographic treatment. Subsection 2. BIFLORA P.Popow in Tr. Tifl. Bot. Sada XII, 2 (1913) 173.— Leaf teeth subobtuse or obtuse. Flowers frequently 2 or 3, usually smaller than in subsection Coronarioides. Cycle 1. EU-BIFLORA Juz.—Involucral leaves abruptly tapering proximally into a narrow cuneate base, frequently in the shape of a broad winged sometimes sheathlike petiole [sic]. 22. A.bucharica Rgl.,ex Finet et Gagnep. in Bull. de la Soc. Bot. de France 51 (1904) 75 (nomen).— A. coronaria § bucharica Rgl. in A.H.P. VIII (1884) 689. Perennial; stem 6—30cm high, slightly longer than or twice as long as petioles of radical leaves at beginning of flowering, in fruit frequently many times as long; radical leaves with more or less long glabrous petioles, trisected, the lateral segments subsessile or with very short petiolules, the middle segment on a more or less long (4-15 mm) petiolule, the segments bipartite almost to base (the lateral) or trisected to base (the middle segment), the middle subdivision of the middle segment usually with a conspicuous petiolule, thus the entire leaf appearing almost pinnatisect; subdivisions and lobes 2—4-fid, their incised-dentate lobules with 2—6 elongated, obtuse or mostly somewhat subacuminate teeth; stem glabrous in its lower half or with isolated appressed hairs, its upper part (below involucre) appressed-pilose; involucral leaves 3, sometimes 2, lower half narrowly or rather broadly cuneate resembling a broad-winged petiole, ciliate-margined, distally trisected to base, the segments 2—3-partite and 2—3-fid, with entire or 2—3-toothed lobules; peduncles 1 or 2, the lateral with a small involucre in its middle part, the involucral leaves resembling those of the main involucre but somewhat reduced, appressed-pilose throughout (more densely above); flowers erect, frequently very large, 3—4cm in diameter; tepals 5, obovate to suborbicular, mostly apically rounded, purple with a blackish, rarely yellow beak (see note), densely appressed-pilose on the outside; filaments violet; anthers purple; style blackish, shorter than the 4-mm_-long ovary of the ripe fruitlet. April to mid-May. ‘(Plate XVI, Figure 5a, b). Slopes. — Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. (Tadzhikistan: Bal'dzhuan, Gissar, Kulyab). Endemic. Described from the Panj River and from Kulyab. Type and paratype in Leningrad. Note. A yellow-flowered variety of this species (A. baissunensis Juz. ined.— A.coronaria intermedia Rgl. in A.H.P. VIII (1884) 201 260 689.— Ay biflorma auct.. fivAs Med. p.p., non, DC) ict: nels ler tab. XV, a. — Exs.: H. F.A.M. No.133 (sub nom. A.biflora DC.) appears to deserve specific status; it is characterized by its somewhat more westerly distribution area and, according to an oral report by A.1I. Vvedenskii, it does not occur together with the typical form. 23. A.petiolulosa Juz. spec. nova in Addenda VI, p.565.—A. coro- naria 8 pluriflora Rgl. in A.H.P. VIII (1884) 689.— A. biflora anete dle Asie Med). 5 Des MonwIOG ti Ness «Eucla el ie cs tala soi, clea cree HOF. AG Me Wout33)(sub nome) An bit lo ma ee). Perennial; stem 2—18cm high, 2—3 times as long as petioles of radical leaves; radical leaves with glabrous petioles, trisected, the segments with more or less long petiolules (2—15mm) frequently longer than the segment; segments 2—3-sect to base or 2—3-partite almost to base, in the former case the subdivisions sessile or the middle subdivision short-petioluled, 2—3-fid to about the middle, the lobules entire or with 2—3 obtuse or short- acuminate teeth; blade glabrous; stem glabrous or with isolated appressed hairs in its upper part; involucral leaves 2—3, with a cuneate or broad linear petiolate base, 3-fid, their lobes also 3-fid and with 2—3-toothed lobules; peduncies 1—3, appressed-pilose, very densely pubescent above, the lateral peduncles with a 2-leaved involucre in their lower part; flowers usually somewhat declinate, subsequently nutant, 1—3(—4)cm in diameter; tepals 5, ovate or elliptic or elongate-elliptic, rounded or slightly narrowed at apex, light yellow, on the outside more or less reddish and densely appressed-pilose; stamens with linear-oblong anthers and with filaments dilated toward base; styles yellowish; fruitlets ca. 4mm long. End of March through April. (Plate VI, Figure 4). Clayey, rarely stony steppes and mountain slopes in the foothill and juniper zones. — ‘Centr. Asia: JT. Sh, (W.), Pam.-Al. (Turkestan Range, Zeravshan and Kugitang ranges), Mtn. Turkm. Endemic. Described from W. Tien Shan, from the Karshan-tau Mountains. Type in Leningrad. Note. The semidesert and steppe forms from western Tien Shan are not fully identified with the forms found at higher localities (juniper zone), especially in the Turkestan Range and Zeravshan; characterized by the larger dimensions of the entire plant, the often shorter petiolules of the leaf segments, the thinner yellowish green leaves with more subacuminate teeth, and, onthe average, larger flowers. It is therefore as yet difficult to decide whether we are dealing with a separate variety or merely a separate form. Plants from mountainous Turkmenistan are also distinguished by large flowers, which may have blackish styles, unlike the Tien Shan and Pamir-Alai forms. It is possible that the Turkmenian plants will eventually be distinguished as separate taxon. Finally, in the Baisum area, there is a form which differs from the typical A. petiolulosa by extremely short petiolules of the lateral segments of the radical leaves (sometimes the segments are subsessile). This indicates that it may be intermediate between A.petiolulosa and A. baissunensis Juz.; it is possible to treat it as a separate narrow-ranged variety of A. kronenburgii Juz., with a narrow geographical range. 24, A.gortschakowii Kar. et Kir. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XV (1842) PS AY b ii Wo na auc atl. wurkest.spego.) mom llG). 202 (261) PLATE XVI. 1 Anemone richardsonii Hook., a) habit, b) achene; 2 — A.obtusiloba Don.,. a ) upper part of stem, b) stamen, c) achene; 3— A.gortschakowii Kar. et Kir., a) habit, b) radical leaf, c) achene; 4—A.petiolulosa Juz., radical leaf; 5-A.bucharica Rgl., a) radical leaf, b) flower; 6 —A.tschernjaewii Rgl., habit; 7—A.silvestris L., a) habit, b) achene. 203 263 Perennial, 4-—15cm high; stem at beginning of flowering slightly longer than or twice as long as the radical leaves, subsequently three times as long; leaves glabrous, borne on glabrous petioles, palmately trisected, the segments all sessile or subsessile, more rarely the middle segment with a short petiolule; lateral segments deeply bipartite, the lobes cleft to about the middle into 2—3 cuneate lobules, these incised-crenate-dentate with 2—3 short obtuse or subacute frequently apically reflexed teeth terminating in a smallish almost verrucose point; middle segment tripartite to about the middle, its lobes similar to those of the lateral segments; total number of teeth in middle segment 9-13; involucral leaves 3, cuneate, tripartite to the middle, the lobes 2—3-fid, with 2—3-toothed or entire lobules; linvolucral] leaves subtend 1 or 2 single-flowered peduncles, in the latter case the lateral peduncle bearing in lower part or in the middle 2 smallish bracts resembling the involucral leaves but smaller and reduced; stem glabrous below the involucre, peduncles appressed-pilose, greatly elongating after flowering; flowers erect or declinate, nutant after flowering; tepals 5, oblong-elliptic, obtuse, pale yellow, in fruit reddish on the outside, densely appressed-pilose; filaments dilated toward base; anthers linear-oblong or linear; styles yellowish; fruitlets 2—2.5mm long, elliptic, densely lanate, the hairs about as long as the fruitlet; fruiting styles 0.5 as long as ripe ovary, hidden by its lanate pubescence. Fl. April—May. (Plate XVI, Figure 3,a-—c). Foothill zone on mountain-steppe slopes and scrub.— Centr. Asia: Dzu.- Tarb. (Dzungarian Ala Tau), T. Sh. (central part). Endemic? Described from the Air River in Dzungaria. Cotype in Leningrad. 25. A.almaatensis Juz.,sp. nova in Addenda VI, p. 565. Perennial, closely related to A. gortschakowii, from which it is distinguished by the following characters: whole plant weaker and more slender, the stem to 25cm high; leaves more strongly dissected, the middle segments usually with a short but conspicuous petiolule, tripartite to below the middle or sometimes almost to base, the lobes with lobules and with teeth are also more deeply cleft, the teeth strongly elongated, somewhat fewer (total number of teeth in the middle leaf segment 12-1 7(—20), with a more conspicuous apical point; involucral leaves dissected similarly to the radical leaves, also distinguished by their teeth, which are more elongated and acuminate than in A. gortschakowii; tepals usually somewhat narrower than in A. gortschakowii, oblong-ovate, frequently tapering toward apex. April. Dry mountain slopes (foothills) and clayey soils.— Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (Alma-Ata area). Described from the vicinity of Alma-Ata. Type in Leningrad. Note. Apparently a local variety of lower taxonomic status, which requires further study and experimental verification of the constancy of its characters. 26. A.oligotoma Juz., sp. nova in Addenda VI, p.566.—A.tscher- naewi Paulsen (saltem in sched.), non Rell Aout lora tauctarlt Turkest. p.p. Perennial, 6—20cm high; radical leaves with glabrous petioles, palmately trisected into sessile or subsessile segments, the lateral parted 204 264 to below the middle or almost to base, the 2—3-toothed lobes, usually 2—3-cleft to one-third into lobules with 2 rather short crenate teeth; middle segment usually tripartite not below the middle, the lobes 2—3-toothed or 2—3-cleft into bidentate lobules (total number of teeth in middle segment (5—)7-9(—12)); involucralleaves cuneate, tripartite to the middle, with 2—3-lobuled lobes, lobules entire or 2—3-toothed with obtuse or subacute teeth, the [involucral] leaves subtending 1 or 2 single-flowered peduncles, the lateral peduncle with 2 smallish bracts at about the middle; peduncles covered with rather dense appressed somewhat crispate hairs; flowers 1.5—3.5cm in diameter; tepals narrowly oblong-ovate to broad-ovate, pale yellow, reddish and appressed-pilose on the outside; filaments yellowish, dilated toward base; anthers yellowish, linear-elliptic, ca. 1mm long; fruitlets ca. 3mm long, styles half this length. April to beginning of June. Stony mountain slopes, taluses and solonetzic meadows on banks of mountain streams.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. (Alai Range and Alai Valley). Endemic. Described from the Isfairam River valley, below the Tengiz-bai Pass (Desyatova, No.1068). Type in Leningrad. Note. Very closely related to the Tien Shan A. gortschakowii, but differing somewhat in less strongly dissected leaves and fewer and shorter obtuse teeth. Cycle 2. TSCHERNJAEWIANAE Juz.-— Involucral leaves sessile, with broad base. 27. A.eranthioides Rgl. in A.H.P. VIII (1884) 691.—Ic.: Rgl., l.c., tab. OulVerfigeasyt, pahai,k. Perennial, 2—8(—12)cm high; rootstock tuberous, the 1 or 2 radical leaves 3- or almost 5-sect, the segments short-petioluled or sessile, shallowly trifid at the apex, the lobules mostly with 2—3 crenate teeth; involucral leaves 3, sessile, cuneate-obovate, rather deeply (sometimes almost to the middle) trifid, with 2—3-toothed lobes and obtuse teeth; leaf blade glabrous or with scattered short appressed hairs above; peduncles solitary, occasionally 2 or 3, often shorter than or subequal to, rarely slightly longer than the involucre, appressed-pilose; flowers 1—2.5cm in diameter; tepals 5(—8), ovate-oblong, mostly obtuse, on the inside golden- yellow, on the outside greenish or (especially distally) reddish, more or less pilose, sometimes glabrate; anthers elliptic or oblong, yellow; ovaries and styles glabrous; fruitlets with long woolly hairs, styles half this length. April. Beside mountain streams at 1,500—1,800m.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. (Tadzhikistan). Endemic. Described from Bukhara, from the former khanate of Bal'dzhuan (Ak-su River, Lyangar foothills) and Darvaz (Wandsch River and Fort). Type and paratype in Leningrad. Note. This species serves to a certain degree as a connecting link between species of the two cycles which compose the present subsection, and in particular between species of the type A. biflora (A port= schakowii, A. oligotoma) and A.tschernjaewii. 28. A.tschernjaewii (Tschernaewi) Rgl. in A.H.P. VIII (1884) 690. — fe dyviitelsdA.c., tabs Xv, £33. lo; 205 265 266 Perennial, 5—35cm high; rootstock tuberous; radical leaves 1 or 2, with glabrous petioles, palmately trisected, the segments cuneate, broad- obovate, sessile, mostly shallowly and flabellately trifid, the lobules coarsely crenate-dentate with few teeth; stem glabrous, covered with small papillae above; involucral leaves 3, obovate, broadly cuneate, distally divided like segments of radical leaves, remotely appressed-pilose or glabrate; peduncles solitary or 2 or 3, slender, long, appressed-pilose, the lateral with involucres of 2 smallish leaves; flowers 1 .8—3.5(—4) em long; tepals 5, divaricate, whitish or pink or pale violet, ovate-oblong or oblong- lanceolate, subacute or obtuse; anthers linear-oblong, purple (sometimes yellow?); ovaries densely pilose; styles purple, in fruit about as long as the ovary. March—May. (Plate XVI, Figure 6). Mountains at 900—1,800m, in scrub and forest thickets with well developed herbaceous cover, and on shrubby steppe slopes. — Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. Endemic. Described from Ura-Tyube and various localities in Tadzhikistan. Type and paratype in Leningrad. 29, A.serawschanica Kom. in Trav. Soc. Nat. Pétersb. XXVI (1896) 49. Perennial, 6—25cm high; rootstock tuberous; radical leaves long- petioled, 2, rarely 3, trisected, the segments shortly trilobate, with entire or usually 2—3-toothed lobules and large crenate teeth; stems slender, flexible, glabrous, distally somewhat roughened by small papillae; involucral leaves 2 or 3, sessile, obovate or rhombic, cuneate, tripartite, with apically crenate- dentate lobes, glabrous; peduncles 1—3, the middle one 2—3 times as long as the others, with small 2-leaved involucres, all peduncles slender, flexuous, rather sparsely pilose; flowers 1.2-1.8cm in diameter; tepals 5,narrowly elliptic or ovate, obtuse, yellowish green, persistent, after flowering pale yellow sometimes reddening on the outside later, glabrous on both surfaces; anthers obcordate-obovate, yellow; ovaries glabrate; styles as long as ovaries, glabrous, in fruit half as long as ovaries; fruitlets covered with a silvery wooly hair 1.5 times fruitlet width. April to beginning of May. Mountains at 1,200—1,800m, in shady rock fissures beneath trees, and among stones and rock debris.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. (Zeravshan). Endemic. Described from the Zeravshan Valley, from the villages of Shink, Mogian, Kshtudak, Madm, Artuch, etc. Type and paratype in Leningrad. Section 2. ANEMONOSPERMOS DC., Syst. I (1818) 208, sensu ampl. — Rootstock not tuberous; flowers solitary; fruitlets with a dense ring of shorter rigidulous hairs below base of style; style strongly curved, with a capitate stigma. Subsection 1. BREVISTYLAE Ulbr. in Engl. Bot. Jahr. XXXVII (1906) 205.— Rather large plants with large flowers; fruitlets oblong, pedunculate; style short, shorter than mature ovary. The USSR representatives of this subsection compose one series, which may be called Silvestres Juz. The other series, Rupicolae Juz., grows in the Himalayas. 30. A.silvestris L., Sp. pl. (1753) 540s: dbs Mle Ross), 1s. 1G lerereyalas Fl. Zap. Sib: V, 1160:— AW hirsuta Gilib., BN tithan it (hie) )y2 76s. 206 267 A.alba Juss. in Ann. Mus. Paris III (1804) 243—249..—"Ie.» Bot. Mag II, tab. 54 (1788); Juss., l.c., tab. 20, fies | Rehe., 1e. Ply Germ. TV) tab: 50: Perennial, 15—50cm high; rootstock strong, vertical or oblique, brown- black, covered with fibrous roots; stemserect, pubescence as on petioles becoming denser above and almost white-tomentose; radical leaves 2—6, long- petioled, with adense pubescence of soft long mostly erect-spreading hairs. palmately 3—5-sect, the segments rhombic or narrow-rhombic, trifid to less than half their length, with irregularly, often doubly subacutely or acutely incised-dentate lobules; leaf blade with scattered hairs above, more or less densely hairy beneath; involucral leaves 3, usually above middle of stem, their petioles 1—2cm,more or less erect, trisected, the segments sessile, narrowly obovate in outline, cuneate, acute, the lateral segments bipartite, their lobes, as also the middle segment, shallowly trifid, the lobules with few large mostly acute apical teeth; peduncles solitary, long, densely appressed-pilose; flowers 3.5—7cm in diameter; tepals mostly 5, elliptic or broad-obovate, pure white or slightly violet on the upper side, densely appressed-pilose below; tepalsmanytimes as long as the yellow stamens; pistils ovate-orbicular; fruitlets numerous, small, to 3mm long, flattened, with a densely tangled white tomentum and a short beak. Fl. May—June. (Plate XVI, Figure 7,a—b). Dry open hills, dry (mostly steppe) meadows, fallow land, open coniferous forests and forest margins, scrub, stony bluffs, and especially richly calcareous or sandy soil. — European part: all regions except L.V. (?); Caucasus: Cisc., Dag.; W.Siberia: Ob (as far north as Tobol'sk), U. Tob., Irt., Alt.; E.Siberia: Yenis., Ang.-Say., Dau., Lena-Kol. (S. part as far north as Vilyuisk); Far East: Kamch.? Ze.-Bu., Uss. (middle Amur); Centr. Asia: Balkh. Gen. distr.: Scand., Centr. Eur., S. Eur. (locally), Mong., Manchuria? Described from Germany. Type in London. Note. The following characters are reported for A. alba Juss. described from Siberia (vicinity of Chita), distinguishing it from the authentic A. silvestris: lower growth of the whole plant, a slighter pubescence on its green parts, and smaller flowers with broader obtuse tepals. However,these characters are far from constant in the Siberian plant, 31. A.ochotensis Fisch., Cat. hort. Gorenk. (1812) 47 (nomen); Pritzel in Linnaea XV (1841) 637 (diagn., sub A.silvestrisB A.ocho- tensis Fisch.). Perennial, 5—22cm high; rootstock almost creeping; radical leaves with rather slender petioles bearing isolated or scattered erect-spreading hairs or glabrous, trisected, the sessile segments ciliate-margined, other- wise glabrous or glabrate, glaucescent when dry; stems rather slender, remotely pilose below and rather sparsely pilose above; involucral leaves with rather long petioles, trisected into narrow segments, these less deeply trifid than in A. silvestris, the lateral segments bifid, the middle segment usually entire, the latter and the lobules of the lateral segments with few acute teeth; peduncles solitary, appressed-pilose; flowers 2—4cm in diameter, smaller than in A. silvestris; tepals 5, obovate; fruitlets ca. 2.5mm long. In other characters resembling A. silvestris. June. Mountain shortgrass meadows and river valleys.— E.Siberia: Lena-Kol. (N.). Endemic. Described from Siberia after specimens raised from seeds collected by Langsdorf "inter Okotsk et Jakutzk.'' Typein Leningrad. 207 268 Subsection 2. PARVIFLORA Ulbr. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XXXVI (1905) 204. — Smallish monanthous plants; flowers smallish; tepals white; fruitlets ovate, sessile; styles as long as or longer than the ripe ovaries. 32. A. parviflora Michx,, Fl. Bor. Amer. I (1803) 319; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 16; Kom., Fl. Penins. Kamtsch. II, (1929) 1832.—A.borealis C.A.M. in sched. (an Richards.?).— Ic.: Britt. et Brown., III. Fl. N. St. et Canada II (1897) 62; S. Brown, Alp. Fl. Rocky Mount. (1907) tab. 24. Perennial, 4.5—16cm high; rootstock long-creeping, rather slender, covered with scales; radical leaves with rather short glabrous petioles, ternate with sessile broadly obovate cuneate-based segments, the lateral bifid almost to the middle, the middle segment 3-cleft into retuse lobules with 2—4(—6) obtuse rounded teeth (crenules); leaf blade glabrous; stems mostly with rather sparse soft crisp hairs; involucral leaves 3, usually below middle of stem, subsessile, obovate, tripartite, with oblong obtuse entire or apically slightly dentate lobes; peduncles solitary, very long, rather densely tomentose; flowers 2-3.5(—4) cm in diameter; tepals 6, ovate-oblong or broad-ovate, white, densely appressed-pilose on the outside, three times as long as the yellow stamens; fruits acuminate, densely tomentose, forming a globose head. Tundra. — Arctic: Chuk.; Far East: Kamch. (Karaginskii Island). Gen. distr.: N. Am. Described from the shores of Hudson Bay. Type in Paris. Note. According to Ulbrich, the Arctic form of this species encountered in the USSR is distinguished from the typical (more southern form by its larger flowers, and is designated by Ulbrich as A. parviflora var. B grandiflora Ulbr., l.c., p.251. It is possible that this form will eventually be considered as a variety. Subgenus 5. ANEMONIDIUM Spach, Hist. nat. des végét. Phanér. Bd. VII (1839). — Plants with numerous long roots producing profuse adventitious buds for vegetative propagation; involucre usually 2-leaved; inflorescence profusely branched: lateral branch arising from axil of one of the involucral leaves, similar to the main shoot in its development, the lateral branch also with a 2-leaved involucre producing axillary shoots, etc.; tepals 5—6; fruitlets glabrous or slightly pilose, with thick wings and with a rather long straight or apically slightly curved beak. 33. A.dichotoma L., Sp. pl. (1753) 540; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V, 1161.— A.pensylvanica Ldb., Fl. Ross. 1, 1%, nen Ly =A. pensiy ly ante B laxmanni DC., Prodr. I (1824) 1921.— Ic.: Rev. Gen. Bot. IV (1892) tab. 13. Perennial, 30—80cm high; rootstock horizontal, slender, black-brown; stem erect, dichotomously branching, rarely simple, with rather sparse short appressed hairs in upper part; leaves opposite, sessile, one pair at each point of bifurcation of stem, tripartite to two-thirds or three-fourths, lobes oblong or broad-lanceolate, coarsely incised-dentate in upper part with few scattered teeth; lateral lobes strongly declinate from the middle lobe; leaves appressed-pilose along the margins and beneath; flowers on 208 269 long pedicels solitary, 2—3cm in diameter, arising from bifurcations of the stem or from leaf axils; pedicels covered with short appressed hairs; tepals 5, elliptic, white or sometimes reddish beneath, finely appressed- pilose on the outside; stamens half as long as tepals; fruitlets ca. 4mm long, obliquely ovate, compressed. June—July. Flooded and damp forest meadows, grassy bogs, damp scrub, and sparse forests.— European part: V.-Kama, Transv.; W.Siberia: Ob, Alt., Irt.; BE olberia: Yenis., Ang.-Ssay., Lena-Kol., Dau.; Far East: Ze.-Bu., Uss., Uda, Okh., Kamch., Sakh. Gen. distr.: Jap.-Ch. (Hokkaido, N. Korea), N.Mong. Described from Siberia. Type in London. Subgenus 6. HOMALOCARPUS DC., Syst. I (1818) 212.— Plants biaxial: distinct from other subgenera by flower-bearing shoot not terminal but lateral, arising from axil of a squamiform or herbaceous leaf; radical leaves in a rosette; involucre of 4 cruciformly arranged leaves; in USSR species (related to the group Involucratae Ulbr.) inflorescence umbelliform, the flowers without individual prophylla; fruitlets large, strongly flattened, always quite glabrous, surrounded by a broad delicate winglike border, with a short apical beak and a sometimes somewhat curved style. The USSR representative of this group, usually included in A.narcissi- flora L., form a series of vicariant species which replace one another in their respective ranges of distribution; some of these are distinctly separated whereas others are not; the latter have rather rare intermediate forms probably mostly due to hybridization. The work of N. V. Shipchinskii* was devoted to a study of the varieties of the collective species A.nar- cissiflora; this work has been partly followed, but most of the varieties recognized by N.V.Shipchinskii are considered as separate species; also, we have further divided the ''variety'’ A.n. var. linnaeana Schipcz. In order to establish an exhaustive system for this complicated and critical group, further detailed study is needed. Series 1. Narcissiflorae Juz.— A.narcissiflora L.,Sp. pl. (1753) 542 s. ampl.— Flowers in a simple umbel; leaves usually palmatisect. 34. A.laxa (Ulbr.) Juz., comb. nova.— A.narcissiflora subspec. typica var. genuina f. laxa Ulbr. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XXXVII (1906) 266 p.p.— A.n. var. y laxa Schipcz. in A.H.B. Univ. Juriev. XIII (1912) 99.- A. narcissiflora Bess., Enum. pl. Volh. (1822) 22; Leo el, oss. L 13 p. p. Perennial; stem 20—100cm high, slender, erect, like petioles of radical leaves covered with dense horizontally spreading usually conspicuously reclinate rather short hairs; radical leaves suborbicular, 5-sect, with sessile broad-rhombic or almost square segments, these tripartite to three-fourths, their rhombic lobules 2—3-fid to the middle with rather broad cuneate-triangular, apically deeply incised-dentate lobules and with narrowly triangular subobtuse teeth, the lateral teeth cordately curved, * N.V.Shipchinskii: O formakh [Concerning the Forms of] Anemone narcissiflora L., Tr. Bot. Sada. Yur'evsk. Univ., XIII, No.2 (1912), pp.85—103, with 2 maps. 209 270 271 frequently overlapping adjacent segments; leaf blade with few hairs or glabrate above and with a scattered or usually rather dense pubescence or shortish spreading hairs [beneath], margins short-ciliate, involucral leaves relatively small, sometimes rather large, tripartite to three-fourths, the lobes 2—3-fid in upper third or to below the middle, the lobules entire, subacute or acute, or 2—3-incised-dentate at the apex with acute teeth, the lateral teeth usually arcuately curved, pubescence as on radical leaves; peduncles 3—6, slightly longer or usually 3—4 times as long as the involucral leaves, slender, often flexuous, especially above covered with very dense erect-spreading hairs or with almost accumbent hairs, elongating very considerably in fruit; flowers of medium size, 2-3cm in diameter, the tepals obovate, white, occasionally slightly pinkish, pilose on the outside mainly along a median line; fruits relatively small, 5-7mm long. May—June, and again in August. (Plate XVII, Figure 1). Oak forest margins, forest meadows, and scrub.— European part: M. Dnp. (former Kremenets and Zaslavl' counties). Gen. distr.: Poland. Described from Volhynia (former Zaslavl' County, Skalozubov). Type in Leningrad. Note. This variety is very close to the authentic A.narcissiflora L.s.str., distributed in the mountains of western Europe and in turn, separated from the high-mountain A.dubia Bell. 35. A.fasciculata L.,Sp. pl. (1753) 542.— A. narcissitlora ® La secue ula tas DC. soviet (1818) 213.—A.narcissifloraa elata C.A.M., Verz. Kolen. (1849) 54.— A.n.var. 8B caucasica Schipez. in A.H.B. Univers. Juriev. XIII (1912) 99.- A. umbellata auct. fl. Cauc., non Willd. (neque Liam.);)/Grosse., Fl. Kavk) I, 10be— A mae couemenmta dba, Hl Ross. le hep. pws, Ne busch ia lei anes eralt slice (1902) 92 salt. pro max. parte. excl. var., non L.—Ic.: Tourn., Voy.2 (1717) 245. — Exs.: Fl. Cauc. exs. No.156 (Ss. nom. A. narcissiflora); Herb, BY: Cauc. No. 355 (sub nom. A. umbellata). Perennial; stem 15—50cm high, erect, like petioles of radical leaves covered with dense rather short horizontally spreading or reclinate hairs; radical leaves long-petioled, rounded-reniform in outline, almost 5-sect, segments sessile or on short but rather conspicuous petiolules, broad, tripartite to below the middle, the lobes usually trifid to the middle, the lobules usually incised-dentate with relatively numerous oblong-lanceolate subacute straight teeth; leaf blade usually densely pilose along the veins above, remotely to rather densely pilose over the entire surface beneath, margins short-ciliate; involucral leaves large, tripartite and dissected with elongated straight subacute teeth, pubescence as on the radical leaves; peduncles 3--8,not longer than or only twice as long as the involucral leaves, in fruit usually ca. 3 times as long, covered with rather dense erect- spreading or loosely accumbent hairs; flowers large, 2.5—4cm in diameter; tepals obovate or elliptic, subobtuse or rounded, white or sometimes pink or purple (var. rosea Trautv.), often colored only on the outside, also on the outside usually more or less pilose proximally and along median line; fruit relatively small, 6-—7.5mm long, broadly ellipsoid or subglobose. May—July. (Plate XVII, Figure 2,a—b). Alpine, particularly subalpine meadows and pastures, rocks, and margins of mountain forests.— Caucasus: Cisc., Dag.; E.Transc., W.Transc. 210 2 72 (Krasnaya Polyana), S.Transc. (Lake Gokcha). Gen. distr.: Turkish Armenia. Described from Turkish Armenia between Trebizond and Erzerum. Type in Paris. Note. The identification by Caucasian botanists of the Caucasian plant described above with A. umbellata Willd. is based on an obvious misunderstanding (see especially the description of A. umbellata by De Candolle in Syst. I (1818) 213-214). On the other hand, its identity with the forgotten Linnaean species A. fasciculata L. is almost certain due to the excellent illustration and description of the latter by Tournefort. 36. A.impexa Juz., sp. nova in Addenda VI, p.566.—? A.umbellata Willd., Sp. pl. I1 (1799) 1284, non Lam. Perennial; stem 12—45cm high, erect, often somewhat flexuous, stem and petioles of radical leaves covered with more or less dense erect- spreading or loosely accumbent soft hairs; radical leaves with somewhat flexuous petioles, suborbicular or triangular, trisected, the segments short- petioluled, cuneately obovate to rhombic, deeply (the lateral almost to base) 2—3-partite, the very narrow lobes deeply 2—3-fid in upper half, with entire linear-lanceolate or linear acute lobules; leaf blade glabrous above, glabrous or remotely pilose beneath, margin remotely or rather densely short-ciliate; involucral leaves smallish, parted to two-thirds or three- fourths into lanceolate or narrow-lanceolate entire acute lobes, witha pubescence as on radical leaves or else rather densely pilose beneath; peduncles 3 or 4, at flowering as long as or 3 times the length of the involucral leaves, covered with accumbent hairs; flowers 2—3.5cm in diameter; tepals obovate, white or on the outside pink, on the outside pilose mainly along median line; fruit unknown. June—July. Alpine meadows. — Caucasus: S.Transc. (Alagez [Aragats]). Gen. distr.: Turkish Armenia. Described from Mt. Alagez, Dali-chai River source, Khadzhi-mugum-yurt natural boundary area. Type in Leningrad. Note. The published descriptions of the authentic A.umbellata Willd., specimens from Cappadocia which we have not seen, tally well with our plant; however, the illustration of the specimen of A. umbellata Willd. in Delessert, Ic. Pl. I (1820) tab.18, can hardly be identified with it. In any case, the name A.umbellata cannot be retained for either of these two plants, since it was earlier employed by Lamarck (A. umbellata Lam. is a European plant identical with the authentic A.narcissiflora I. ). q 37. A.biarmiensis Juz.,sp. nova in Addenda VI, p. 567.—A.narcis- siflora var. uralensis Schipcz. in A.H.B. Univers. Jurjev. XIII (1912) 100.— A. narcissiflora Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 18 p.p.— Russian name: vetrenitsa permskaya [Permian]. Perennial— stem 15—65cm high, erect, covered, like the frequently strongly elongated petioles of radical leaves, with rather dense relatively short horizontally spreading, usually somewhat reclinate hairs; radical leaves rounded-reniform in outline, trisected, their segments with well developed frequently rather long (to 1.2cm,in very large specimens to 2cm) petiolules, broad-rhombic, the lateral bipartite almost to base, the middle segment less deeply (but usually to below the middle) tripartite, with rather 211 2713 broad lobes 2—3-fid to the middle and with oblong entire, as a rule apically rather deeply and irregularly 2—4-incised-dentate lobules, with straight, sometimes curved, usually subacute, rarely subobtuse teeth, the leaf blade mostly glabrous or glabrate above, with usually scattered, occasionally rather dense relatively short hairs beneath; involucral leaves usually parted to two-thirds, their lobes sometimes entire, as a rule apically 2—3- fid with straight oblong digitate subacute or obtuse lobules, the leaf blade usually somewhat more strongly pilose than in radical leaves; peduncles 2—6 (very rarely one), at beginning of flowering about as long as but subsequently several times as long as involucral leaves, greatly elongating in fruit, usually covered with rather sparse slender often somewhat crisp erect-spreading hairs; flowers smallish or of medium size, 1.8—3cm in diameter; tepals elliptic or obovate, mostly narrowed at both ends, white, glabrous on both surfaces; fruitlets rather large, ca. 7mm long. July— August. (Plate XVI, Figure 3, a—b). Mountain forests, scrub, taluses, and open herb-covered slopes in the forest and alpine zones of the Urals.— European part: Ev.-Pech. (Pechora River), V.-Kama; W.Siberia: Ob. Endemic. Described from Mt. Yurma (former Perm Province). Type in Leningrad. Note. A.biarmiensis varies considerably at its growth, in degree of leaf dissection, and to some extent also in number of flowers; yet in the Urals there seems to be no evidence for clear differentiation into vicarious varieties replaying each other in a vertical direction, such as occurs within A.biarmiensis inthe Caucasus (A. fasciculata L. and A. spec- iosa Adams), in the Sayans and in Transbaikalia (A.crinita Juz. and AN 95) Th)9) th Te 1G By dine) 38. A.protracta (Ulbr.) Juz.,comb. nova.— A.narcissiflora f. cinereopilosa Franchet, Mission Capus (1883) 5.— A.n. subsp. typica var.8 protracta Ulbr. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XXXVII (1906) 266.— Ain. var. turkestanica Lipsky in sched.; Schipez. im Acre H.B. Univers. Jurjev. XIII (1912) 101 p.p. Perennial; stem 7—60cm high, stem and petioles of radical leaves covered with dense loosely accumbent or appressed hairs; radical leaves cordate-ovate or almost triangular in outline, trisected into broad-rhombic segments, the lateral subsessile, the middle segment exceeding the lateral, with a more or less well developed petiolule 2—15mm long (sometimes half as long as the segment), deeply 2—3-pinnatipartite, their lobes 2—3-fid, with entire, as a rule apically 2—3-toothed lobules and with obtuse, some- times subacute teeth; leaf blade remotely pilose or glabrate above, covered with rather dense accumbent hairs beneath; involucral leaves smallish, reduced, tripartite to the middle or somewhat deeper, with entire, rarely 2—3-toothed lobes; peduncles (1—)2—5, appressed-pilose; flowers 1.5—4cm in diameter; tepals broad-elliptic or broad-obovate, white, more or less pilose beneath, but frequently with only few hairs in central part and at base; fruitlets ca. 6mm long, broadly ellipsoid. End of May through July. (Plate XVII, Figure 4). Subalpine and alpine zones: forest and scrub margins; forest, subalpine and alpine meadows, and grass glades; rocks and rock streams.— Centr. Asia: T. Sh., Pam.-Al. Gen. distr.: Kashgaria. Described from Central Asia. Type in Leningrad. 212 274 Note. This is one of the most distinctive varieties of the collective species A.narcissiflora. N.V.Shipchinskii (l.c., p.101) has compared it with A. demissa Hook. et Thoms. 39. A.schrenkiana Juz.,sp. nova in Addenda VI, p.738.—A.narcis- siflora var.A turkestanica (f. contracta etf. protracta) Schipez. in Acta H.B. Univers. Jurjev. XIII (1912) 101 p.p.-? A.n. var. eyuradyssit a Schipcz., 1.c., p. 100. Perennial; stem 8—45cm,erect, straight or somewhat curved, stem and petioles of radical leaves covered with very dense long strongly reclinate hairs; radical leaves with short somewhat arcuately curved or long straight petioles, broadly triangular-ovate in outline, trisected into broad segments, the lateral sessile or short-petioluled, the middle segment almost always with a conspicuous, sometimes rather long (to 1cm) petiolule; lateral segments 2(—3)-partite almost to base, lobes 2—3-incised with entire or 2—3- -toothed lobules, the middle segment almost pinnately doubly tripartite and trifid, the lobules entire or dentate and, like the teeth, subobtuse or obtuse; leaf blade glabrate above and covered beneath with long loosely accumbent or distant hairs; involucral leaves smallish, parted to about two-thirds into entire or apically 3-incised-dentate lobes, these subobtuse or obtuse like the teeth, the leaf blade usually densely pilose beneath; peduncles several, 2—4 times as long as involucral leaves, covered with erect-spreading slightly crispate hairs; flowers smallish or of medium size, 1.7—3cm in diameter; tepals elliptic, narrowed at both ends, white, glabrous beneath, sometimes pilose at base and along median line; fruits smallish,ca. 6mm long, broadly ellipsoid. Second half of June, July. Meadows and grass glades in the forest and alpine zones.— Centr. Asia: Dzu-Tarb. Gen. distr.: Chinese Dzungaria. Described from the Dzungarian Ala Tau. Type and cotype in Leningrad. Note. Geographically as well as morphologically this plant assumes an intermediate position between A. protracta and A.crinita Juz.; it may be that its only unique character is the pubescence of exclusively retrorse hairs on stem and petioles. 40. A.crinita Juz.,sp. nova in Addenda VI, p.568.—A.narcissi- flora (sphalm. narcissifolia) L., Sp. pl. (1753) 542 p.p.; C.A.M. in db. FL. Alt. 11 (1830) 366; Ldb.;FI. Ross. I, 18 p. pi; “Turez., ‘FY. Gove aon. i 23 6.p:3 Keyl. BE Zap. sib. V;, £62 pro max. parte. — A.narcissiflora var.@ linnaeana Schipcez. in A.H.B. Univers. Jurjev. XIII, 2 (1912) 98 p.p. Perennial; stem 12—45cm high, strong, erect, stem and petioles of radical leaves covered with very dense and long horizontally spreading and reclinate hairs; radical leaves with long petioles their broadened base covered with dense almost accumbent somewhat sericeous hairs, the leaf blade rounded-reniform in outline, 3- or usually (almost) 5-sect with broad segments, these sessile or the middle segment short-petioluled, three times 2—3-partite and terminating in linear-lanceolate straight or slightly curved subacute or acute teeth, the blade covered with long hairs, these dense beneath, particularly at the margins, scattered above, mainly along the veins; involucral leaves large, resembling radical leaves in type of dissection and 213 279 276 in shape of teeth, mostly densely long-pilose beneath, remotely pilose above; peduncles 3—5, covered with rather dense erect-spreading slender somewhat crispate hairs, at flowering usually as long as or slightly longer than involucral leaves, in fruit 3 times as long as involucral leaves; flowers mostly large, 2-4cm in diameter; tepals obovate or elliptic, white, glabrous on both surfaces; fruits large, 6—9mm long, broadly obovoid or ellipsoid. June—July. Mountains in subalpine and forest meadows, forest margins, herb-covered slopes, and more rarely mountain tundras.— W. Siberia: Alt...) 2. oteercltcr: Ang.-Say.,. Dau:. Gen. distr.: N. Mong. Described from Altar. Vype im Leningrad. Note. This plant shows considerable variation and requires further study; a comparison of its Altai forms with its Sayan and Transbaikalian forms is particularly necessary. Closely connected with it is thej critical A.narcissitloma © lineariloba Rel. et Radde. ja very distimerme low-growing and small-flowered apparently alpine form, known in the Sayan Mountains (Munku-Sardyk and the Tunkinskii District), with extremely narrowly linear leaf cusps and with very densely villous stems and petioles. This should perhaps be considered as an intermediate form between A.crinita Juz. and A. sibirica L. It should be noted that the Sayan A.sibirica ig also frequently not fully tupical and shows denser pubescence of stem and petioles, as well as strongly acuminate leaf cusps (teeth). 41, A.villosissima (DC.) Juz.,comb. nova.— A.narcissiflora villosissima DC., Prodr. I (1824) 22.-A.narcissiflora Ldb., Fl. Ross.-I, 18 p.p.=A.narcissiflora var @ linnacama, semiguzs in A. H.B:., Univers... Jurjey. XII, 21912) 98 pipe; Perennial; stem 6—35cm erect, strong; stem and petioles of radical leaves covered with extremely dense long hairs, these erect-spreading at first, subsequently almost horizontally spreading; radical leaves broad- reniform or rounded-reniform in outline, 5-sect, with segments usually characteristically overlapping at the margins (as the lobes often are) and dissected to two-thirds, with lobes 2—3-fid to the middle and lobules deeply 2—3-incised-dentate with oblong straight subobtuse or obtuse teeth, covered on both surfaces with dense long hairs, along the veins the entire lower surface, in addition, frequently remotely or rather densely pilose, with very dense loosely accumbent long hairs at the margins, thus leaf segments and their parts appearing white-bordered; cauline leaves large, broad-rhombic, similar to radical leaves in type of dissection, shape of teeth and pubescence, but usually even more densely pilose, frequently remotely pilose also above and between the veins; peduncles 3-6, at flowering usually as long as or very slightly shorter than involucral lenses, considerably elongating and frequently 3 times as long as involucral leaves in fruit covered with rather dense or dense erect-spreading or loosely accumbent soft somewhat crispate hairs; flowers large, 2.5—4.5cm in diameter; tepals obovate or broad-obovate, glabrous on both surfaces; fruitlets large, 6-8mm long. June—July. Far East: Kamch. (Komandorskie Islands; related forms on east coast of Kamchatka). Gen. distr.: Aleutian Islands, Unalaska. Described from Unalaska Island. Type in Geneva; cotype in Leningrad. 214 Note. Kamchatkan forms are in most cases nontypical; they appear to be linked by intermediate forms with A. sibirica L., which is widely distributed in Kamchatka. 42, A.sibirica L., Sp. pl. (1753) 541; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 19.-— A.narcissiflora var. monantha auct. mult. vix autem DC.-—? A.narcissiflora 6 pedicelaris DC., Syst. I (1818) 213.— A.narcissiflora var.a linnaeana Schipcz. in A.H. Jurjev. XIII, 2 (1912) 98 p.p.—A.narcissiflora Ldb., Fl. Ross I, 18 p.p.; Turcz., Pl. baic.-dahur.1, “43.pep.,..non-L. Perennial; stem 4—30cm high, usually rather slender, often arcuately ascending, covered with rather sparse longish hairs pointing in various directions, usually densely pilose only at base, in upper part frequently quite glabrous, sometimes glabrous almost throughout, occasionally rather densely pilose throughout; radical leaves with frequently arcuately curved petioles that are pubescent like the stem, broad-reniform or almost semi- orbicular or rarely rounded-reniform in outline, trisected with segments sessile or on scarcely discernible petiolules, more rarely the middle segment with a rather conspicuous petiolule, the segments narrowly obovate to rhombic, the lateral bipartite almost to base, the middle segment trifid to the middle with narrow lobes and lobules and shallowly 2—3-incised- dentate or sometimes entire at apex, with oblong-linear or oblong-ovate acute or subobtuse tips, usually with rather sparse longish hairs confined to the margins, otherwise glabrous or remotely pilose; involucral leaves smallish, deeply (to about three-fourths) tripartite, the lobes entire, the middle lobe usually apically 3-incised or 3-toothed with subacute or obtuse lobes and teeth, rather densely pilose on both surfaces and at the margins 279 proximally more densely pilose, sometimes the entire lower surface rather densely pilose; peduncles 1—4(5), at beginning of flowering sometimes shorter than or as long as but usually considerably longer than involucral leaves, with a rather sparse thin tomentum or glabrate; flowers 1.5—3cm in diameter; tepals ovate or obovate or broad-obovate, narrowed at both ends or rounded at apex, white, frequently somewhat yellowing on drying, glabrous on both surfaces; fruitlets 4-6mm long. June—July~ (Plate XVII, Figure 5). Mountain tundras, alpine grass glades, and taluses and rocks in the alpine (balds) zone, only occasionally descending below this.— Arctic: Chuk., An.; E.Siberia: Ang.-Say., Dau., Lena-Kol. (S. and E.); Far East: Kamch., Okh., Uss. (N.Sikhote-Alin), Ze.-Bu. Gen. distr.: N.Mong., N.Am. (Alaska). Described from southern Siberia ("from the Yenisei to Trans- baikalia,''cf. Gmelin, Fl. Sibir. 4, p.199). Type in the Linnaean Herbarium in London; cotype in Geneva (Herb. Delss.). Note. A polymorphic plant, possibly requiring further division. In the southern part of the Lena-Kolyma area (along the Vitim, Vatom, and Angara rivers) forms occur which link this species with A.calva Juz., and from Kamchatka, there are reports of plants linking it with A. villo- sissima (DC.) Juz.; there are also reports of forms intermediate between A.sibirica and A.crinita Juz. (see note to preceding species). 43. A.calva Juz.,nom. nov.— A.aconitifolia Turcz. in Bull. dela Soc. Imp. Nat. Mosc. (1840) 61, non Michx.— A.narcissiflorae frigida DC., Syst. I (1818) 213.—A.narcissiflora y Ldb., Fl. Ross. 215 (272) PLATE XVII. 1 -Anemone laxa (Ulbr.) Juz., radical leaf; 2-—A.fasciculata L., a) radical leaf, b) achene; 3 —A.biarmiensis Juz., a) radical leaf, b) upper part of stem; 4—A -protracta (Ulbr.) Juz., radical leaf; 5 —A.sibirica L., radical leaf; 6 -Hepatica nobilis Garsault, habit. 216 2 80 116p.p.—A:marcissiflora var. a aconitifolia Schipcz. in A.H.B. Univers. Jurjev. XIII (1912) 101. Perennial; stem 14—35cm [sic] high, slender, stem and petioles of radical leaves quite glabrous or with few hairs confined to base; radical leaves 3—5-palmatisect, their segments sessile or with very short petiolules, deeply and narrowly twice 2—3-partite, with entire oblong-linear or linear subacute or obtuse lobes, glabrous, occasionally with few hairs at the margins; involucral leaves smallish, tripartite to two-thirds, the lobes entire or the middle lobe usually 3-incised at the apex, all lobes obtuse, the leaf blade pilose above; peduncles 1—4,many times as long as involucral leaves, slender, glabrous; flowers smallish, 1.2—2cm in diameter; tepals oblong-obovate, recurved at end of flowering, white, glabrous on both surfaces; fruitlets ca. 6mm long, obovate. June—July. Pine forests.— E.Siberia: Lena-Kol. (central part along the Aldan, Maya, and Vilui rivers,etc.). Endemic. Described from mountains along the Aldan River between Yakutsk and Okhotskoe. Type and cotype in Leningrad. Note. A unique variety [sic], separated from all other representatives of the series by the extremely slight pubescence. See, however, the note to A.sibirica L. concerning intermediate forms. 44, A.sachalinensis (Miyabe et Miyake) Juz.,comb. nova cfr. in Addenda VI, p.569.—A.narcissiflora var. villosissima F.Schmidt Reisen etc. (1868) 104, non DC.— A.narcissiflora var. alinnaeana Schipez. in A.H.B. Univers. Jurjev. XIII, 2 (1912) 98 p.p.—A.narcis- siflora var. sachalinensis Miyabe et Miyake, Fl. of Saghalin (1915) 10. Perennial; stem 15—35cm high, rather strong, erect or somewhat curved; stem and petioles of radical leaves covered usually only with scattered or sparse horizontally spreading hairs, often glabrous in upper part; radical leaves suborbicular in outline, trisected, the segments with conspicuous petiolules, very broad, deeply 2—3-partite, the lobes twice incised, with oblong subobtuse or obtuse points, the leaf blade glabrous on both surfaces or with few hairs, short-ciliate margin; involucral leaves smallish, twice parted, with obtuse tips, remotely pilose on both surfaces; peduncles 2—5, elongating in fruit, 2—4 times as long as involucral leaves, rather sparsely or remotely pilose; flowers unknown; fruitlets 5-7mm long. Fr. at end of July. Stony habitats at mountain summits,in Pinus pumila thickets. — Far East: Sakh., Uda (Shantar Islands). Endemic. Described from Mt. Ktauzi-pal' (Pic de la Martiniére) on Sakhalin Island. Type in Leningrad. Note. Acritical species, very close to A. sibirica L. and known to us from unsatisfactory material; the main differences from A.sibirica are its larger [dimensions], stronger growth, different shape of leaves, very conspicuous leaf segments, petiolules, and more obtuse leaf tips (teeth). In degree of petiolule development this species converges with the Ural species A. biarmiensis Juz., from which it differs in its smaller dimensions, its reduced pubescence of stem and petioles, and its lesser leaf dissection. Miyabe and Miyake described their variety in the Japanese language, with which we are not conversant; we were therefore forced to give an entirely original description based on different type material. Cl 217 2 2 81 82 45. A.brevipedunculata Juz., sp. nova in Addenda VI, p.569.— A.narcissiflora Kom. BliiMansh. t, 1; 269.) mon 2 Aw aeemecreeee flora var. @ linnaeana sSchipz. in A: H. B. Univers. /Jurjev. Xiie2 (1912) 98 p.p. Perennial; stems 16—35cm high, erect; stems and petioles of radical leaves covered with rather short horizontally spreading or somewhat reclinate hairs, these frequently strongly reduced in distal part of stem and petioles; radical leaves rounded-reniform, usually orbicular in outline, 5-sect with sessile broad-rhombic segments deeply (to three- fourths) tripartite, their lobes 2—3-fid to the middle with entire, usually apically 2—3-incised-dentate lobules, these and the teeth subacute or acute; leaf blade usually slightly pilose only along the veins above, remotely pilose beneath, margin short-ciliate; involucral leaves of medium size or rather large, parted to three-fourths, the lobes distally 2—3-fid, with entire, sometimes 2—3-incised-dentate lobules, these and the teeth subacute, the leaf blade remotely pilose on both surfaces (above, mainly along the veins); peduncles 2—5, very short (0.5—2 cm), shorter than involucral leaves, scarcely elongated in fruit, covered with sparse erect-spreading slender hairs; flowers smallish, 1.5—2.5cm in diameter; tepals narrowly elliptic or obovate, white, glabrous on both surfaces; fruitlets 5-7mm long. June—July. Broadleaf forests on mountain slopes.— Far East: Uss. (Ol'ga Gulf, Vladimir Gulf, Oprichnik Gulf, Ternei Bay). Endemic. Described from the Tyutikhe River valley and from the shores of Ol'ga Gulf. Type and paratype in Leningrad. Note. A curious form with an apparently very limited range, undoubtedly closely relateditor AY. st biliaat ere ule, 46. A.speciosa Adams in herb. Willd. ex Pritzel in Linnaea XV (1841) 6653" Rupr, El. @aue: (1869) 12, 286.—A.narcissiflora pot Lorr pints aureis C.A.M. Verz. Pfl. Cauc. (1831) 203; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 19.— A.narcissiflora var. subuniflora C.A.M. Verz. Kolen. (1849) 54: N. Busch in Fl. cauc. crit. III, 3 (1902) 95.- A. narcissiflora var. ehrysiantha €.A.M: in sched-; UN. busch... me 7— Avr nalce isis ism lgonere subsp. chrysantha Ulbr. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XXXVII (1906). — A.chrysopetala Rupr. in sched’— A. chrysantha’Grossh. oe Kavk. II (1930) 105.— Exs.: HFR No.1. Perennial; stems 6—20cm high; stems and petioles of radical leaves with rather sparse or sparse horizontally spreading or reclinate hairs, in upper part frequently glabrate; radical leaves rounded-cordate in outline, trisected, their segments short-petioluled or sessile, rhombic or narrow- rhombic, cuneate, the lateral bipartite to below the middle, the middle segment trifid to the middle, with lobes and lobules sometimes entire but more often shallowly 2—3-incised-dentate, with teeth ovate or ovate-oblong, subacute or rather obtuse; leaf blade with sparse longish hairs mainly at the margins or glabrate; involucral leaves smallish, mostly trifid to the middle with oblong acuminate lobes, these usually entire, rarely 2—3- incised or -toothed. Peduncles 1—3(5), usually solitary, considerably longer than involucral leaves, covered with scattered erect-spreading hairs; flowers 1.5—3cm in diameter, pleochroic; tepals from narrowly elliptic to broad-ovate, rounded, very often acute, golden-yellow (f. chrysantha C.A.M.) or sulfur yellow (f. ochroleuca Rupr. in sched.), occasionally 218 283 white (f. albiflora N. Busch in sched.), or pink (f. rosea Rupr. in sched.), glabrous on both surfaces; fruitlets ca. 5mm long, very broadly elliptic. June—August. Alpine meadows and pastures, rocks and taluses in the alpine zone. — Caucasus: Cisc., Dag., W.Transc. (Abkhazia, Mingrelia); also reported for S. Transc.? (Karabakh). Gen. distr.: Mt. Ararat? Described from the Greater Caucasus. Type in Berlin; cotype (?) in Leningrad. Note. Detailed field observations of the floral varieties of this species and their distribution and behavior are required. Among other things, it should be mentioned that, according to N. A. Bush, Adams' plant from Goldbach's herbarium, contained in the BIN Herbarium — but designated "A. narcissiflora'" — had pink flowers. The name A.narcissiflora B subuniflora C.A.M. (A.subuniflora Juz. in sched.) clearly refers to the white-flowered form; in our opinion, the two varieties established by C. A. Meyer are treated incorrectly in the works of N.A. Bush and Ulbrich. Finally there is the yellow-flowered form A.chrysantha (C. A.M.) Grossh. s. str. Genus 527. HEPATICA* MILL.** (Dill. ex L. Syst. ed.I (1735); Mill. Gard. Dict. Abridg. ed.4 (1754); Moench, Meth. (1794) 216. Involucral leaves mostly 3, strongly reduced, close to flowers, usually having the appearance of sepals; flowers always solitary, smallish or of medium size with 6—10 (rarely more) mostly rather narrow tepals; stamens numerous, spirally arranged; pistils pilose with a short straight style; fruitlets with a proximal pellucid white appendage (apophysis) that includes a droplet of oil and serves as a lure for ants (myrmecochory). Perennial herbaceous plants with a short, not thickened tuberous-fibrous rootstock; leaves forming a rosette, with more or less long petioles, simple, little segmented, mostly 3(—5)-lobed, with entire or coarsely dentate lobes; stems unbranched, arrow-shaped, arising from axils of radical leaves usually from scaly lower leaves (biaxial plant). 1. Leaves reniform in outline, trifid, with entire lobes; involucral leaves very close to flowers; tepals bluish-violet, rarely pink or white Pore. Beak Lees cody ipo eke ie Roaster ey. 1. H.nobilis Gars. + Leaves reniform-cordate in outline, tripartite with incised-dentate lobes; involucral leaves frequently rather remote from flowers; isealciwhibeciol<, iicKinbasd Lesotur s 2. H.falconeri (Thoms.) Juz. Series 1. Trilobae (Triloba) Ulbr. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XXXVII (1906) 213.— Radical leaves (normally) trifid, with entire lobes. Only one species in the USSR. 1. H.nobilis Garsault, Fig. Pl. Anim. Med. (1764) tab. 301; Descr. Pl. Anim. (1767) 189; Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8 (1768).—H.triloba Gilib. Fl. Lithuan. II (1782) 273; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 22.-H.hepatica * From the Greek hepar, a liver. ** Treatment by S.V.Yuzepchuk. 219 284 Karst. Fl. Deutschl. (1883) 559.- Anemone hepatica L., Spec. pl. (1753) 538; Boiss. Fl. Or. I, 14.-—A.triloba Stokes Bot. Mat. Med. {Il (1812) 248.— I¢.: Bot. Mag. 1(1787) fab.10; Rehb. Ic. Hl.” Gerniy TV (1840) tab.47.— Exs.: Pl. Finl. exs. No.215 653; Fl. exs. Austro-Hung. No.1730. Perennial, 5—15(—25)cm high; rootstock dark brown, with oblong-ovate grayish brown scales at the apex; radical leaves beginning to develop only after anthesis in spring, numerous, overwintering, coriaceous, reniform or broadly triangular in outline, cordate, trifid to the middle, lobes broad- ovate obtuse or acuminate, green above, usually more or less violet beneath, when young covered like the petioles with dense soft sericeous hairs (spreading on the petioles) but later pubescence obsolete; stems arrow- shaped, in axils of last year's leaves or scales, erect, mostly somewhat curved, with slender accumbent or mostly erect-spreading hairs, usually reddish or brown; involucral leaves 3, resembling sepals, to 1 cm long, sessile, ovate, subobtuse or obtuse, entire, remotely or rather densely appressed-pilose, disposed almost adjacent to flowers; flowers solitary, erect, to 2cm in diameter; tepals 6—7(—10), narrow-ovate, rounded, bluish lilac (paler on the outside), occasionally pink or white, glabrous on both surfaces, caducous; stamens with white or pinkish filaments, anthers almost white with a reddish connective; stigmas capitate; fruitlets oblong, pilose, on a thickened convex peduncle. April-May. (Plate XVII, Figure 6). Broadleaf forests, scrub, and more rarely open meadow areas. — Huropean part: Kar.-Lap., Dv.-Pech. (Vologda), Lad.-Ilm., U. Dnp., U.V., V.-Kama (W.), M. Dnp.; Far East: Uss. Gen. distr.: Scand., Centr. Eur., Atl. Eur. (absent in England), Med., Jap.-Ch. (Manchuria, Korea, Japan (Honshu Island)). Described from W. Europe. Note. Although rare in Europe,in the Far Hast, according to Ulbrich, forms predominate with completely rounded leaf lobes; however, my examination of the material does not confirm this observation. According to an oral communication of V. L.Komarov, the Far Eastern plant is distinguished by the different coloration of its flowers (pink or white). It is possible that it will eventually be separated as a distinct variety, but due to lack of accurate date, this is not at present feasible. Economic importance. This plant was formerly considered to be of medicinal use as an astringent (Herba hepaticae nobilis); it was also used as a substitute for tea. Sometimes cultivated in gardens (frequently in its pink, double-flowering forms). Series 2. Angulosae (Angulosa) Ulbr. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XXXVII (1906) 213.— Radical leaves 3(—5)-fid or -partite, with margins of lobes or lobules segmented. Only one species in the USSR. 2. H.falconeri (Thoms.) Juz.,comb. nova.— Anemone falconeri Thoms. in Hook. Ic. Pl. IX (N. S. V:) (2852) tab. 899; Rel: in Aly ae Pe. Vill (1884) 691.—Ic.: Hooker, l.c.; Coventry, Wild flowers of Kashmir, ser. II (1927) pl. IV. Perennial, 6-—22cm high; apex of rootstock with oblong scarious scales; radical leaves with long petioles covered with soft horizontally spreading 220 285 hairs, reniform-cordate, tripartite, villous at first but subsequently remotely pilose, their lobes rounded-rhombic, broadly cuneate, 2—3-fid with - coarsely dentate and denticulate lobules or simply incised-dentate, with broad obtuse or slightly subacuminate teeth; stems arising from axils of scales, ascending or erect, as long as or longer than radical leaves, slender, rather weak, mostly flexuous, their pubescence similar to that of petioles but usually less pronounced; involucral leaves 3, rarely 4, sessile, narrow- ovate or oblong, subacute, entire, rarely with (usually 3) small acute apical teeth, appressed-pilose; pedicels more or less distinct, shorter or frequently longer than the involucre; flowers 1.3—2cm in diameter; tepals 5, rarely 6, ovate-oblong, obtuse or subacute, white (occasionally reddish on the outside), glabrous or on the outside at base slightly appressed-pilose proximally; fruitlets narrowly oblong, gradually tapering toward apex, somewhat curved, angular, sericeous-pilose. April—June. Stony mountain slopes.— Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (Trans-Ili Ala Tau, Tabulga-Su), Pam,-Al. (Archaty Pass). Gen. distr.: from Kuldja to Kashmir. Described from Kashmir. Note. A plant from the Trans-Ili Ala Tau was described by E. Regel as a separate variety, 8B semenovii Rgl., l.c., p.692, distinguished by its higher growth, by longer petioles, and by pedicels considerably longer than involucral leaves. That variety presumably represents a simple modification to shady localities). Genus 528, PULSATILLA* ADANS.** Adans., Fam. II (1763) 460. Flowers always solitary, with 5—7 tepals; stamens mostly numerous, the outermost usually in the form of staminodal glands; pistils numerous, ovary unilocular, with 1 ovule and a long plumose style; fruitlets oblong, pilose, persistent, awnlike, plumose style [much] enlarged, many times as long as the fruitlet. Perennial herbaceous plants with a more or less long subterranean rootstock and a rosette of radical leaves; cauline leaves disposed in a whorl sometimes comprising 3 leaves resembling the radical, but generally much reduced,connate at their bases to form a campanulate involucre, more or less deeply parted into numerous lobes. Russian name: prostrel. Economic importance. These poisonous and medicinal plants contain the alkaloid anemonin, which has an irritating effect on the skin (similar to that produced by the Spanish fly). The plants are widely used in homeopathy. Species of the series Pratenses Juz., seem to be the source of an especially valuable substance, in particular P.nigricans Storck and P.pratensis (L.) Mill., other species reported as having medical importance are P. patens (L.) Mill. and P. vulgaris Mill. Some species are cultivated as ornamental garden plants. * From the Latin pulsare, to thrust or jerk, i.e., this plant shakes in the wind as if it were being jerked about, ** Treatment by S.V.Yuzepchuk. 221 286 ap @8 ae 1) ap ioe Involucral (cauline) leaves well developed, petiolate ............ 1. P.aurea (N. Busch) Juz. ew) rial “ta)) Se@hsetl, ec mrers lerite:. s.,\efM@s, le) Ke) (el hedilen aus ie) ke) uismnelye) 6 (mma ter eaure; 0) Involucral leaves reduced, proximally connate ~. 2.0.9. sy. ae as U8 Stamens violet +7 Sih gaan) ee ereeee 2. P.kostyezewii (Korsh.) Juz. Stamens’ yellow sett) i) dein. fe aiken ne sy eee eho mars cent te Ce 3. Leaves ternate; their lateral Ssesments clent 497.) .02) +. 1-8 a) een ee 4, Leaves pinnatisect or palmatisect,more rarely ternate with deeply dissected Segments LA Cried hbo e) ye) Teel ceeint ce naar a ohare eee 5. Involucral leaves covered with bronze-golden hairs ........... | ERE, EATS a thy Baw) yo SUN is Qin {Sie rereria Fincn(eleaag yne ele Involucral leaves covered with white hairs ........... eres 4 rhc Lie RBCS Ge YS NG SEE 1. SORTS wAELD. | 4, P.chinensis (Bge.) Rel. Plant flowering prior to appearance of leaves; flowers erect, widely PAPI ice cE Mal Pa ne ena es tet ee toe ened Soy. 6. Plant flowering at time of appearance of leaves; flowers usually Ganipanuvlate he icy PR CMA eRS GMa tate Aah Cea a, Senter see ce a 1 Leaves pinnatiSect, 4. csv ost ee tens ola: emer regs ul sh eg atte hate tes ee ih Leaves palmatisect, sometimes the middle segment petiolulate ... 9. Leaf segments parted, the lateral subsessile or with short petiolules Bod SEAM STROOD) es IOI 0 SOE SE or aoe 5. P.halleri (All.) Willd. Leaf segments pinnatisect, with pinnatipartite segments of the second order; lateral segments of the first order with more or less long petiolwles; — nyse. Lwacseab ie 24S eel ciel. is Vo Gants pel tayo tale tel eee 0a 8. Involucral leaves parted into narrow-linear lobes, covered with dense TOMS NAIRS ws Han rete win: eetoucles Meuleguae scat oi Mitel oer eae 6. P. grandis Wender. Involucral leaves deeply parted, their lobes oblong and pinnatipartite, covered with rather short hairs ... 7%. P.turczaninovii Kryl. et Serg. FIG WETS: VIOLE EA aye (ie sesclesnieh ssihleah ttt bis yeaheah ah leas rem aay ales ie, ale ae £0). FLO Mem Su Viel LOM) oo. achat aclu telus sy een eee 10. P.flavescens (Zucc.) Juz. Leaf segments broad; total number of teeth in leaf usually 10—30 (CASI TOGO). slit ai iach epi hidacincpe staal dmecdas elem ek 8. P.patens (L.) Mill. Leaf segments narrow; total number of teeth per leaf usually 30—80 sys ae cena ie ooh Suto i aaah de eke 9. P.multifida (Pritz.) Juz. Involucral leaves covered with long yellowish hairs; flowers gaping; radical leaves very shortly ovate or suborbicular in outline ...... SPE RIE Ne eT ee aE Ban ese Se ee a 11. P.ajanensis Rgl. et Til. Involucral leaves covered with white hairs; flowers usually campanulate, very rarely widely gaping and then the radical leaves QUO abies Penciven Bhiey hee Bape ott ony dediew ois on «Caen tg tthe:\o -ceurteek Seon ie cee on ee £2 Radical, leaves pinnatisect,segments parted) gp. ce... costs 5 eee ie Radical leaves pinnatisect, segments bipinnatipartite .......... 14, Flowers pale blue=violet...... .. ..». 18. P.dahurica (Fisch.) Spreng. Hiowers bright, violet-red oniWdark, purple 4. soci. 6 fodea-sea ee EE Re eee ee Meee Oey aR em igeg D 19. P.cernua (Thunb.) Bercht. et Op. Radical leaves oblong in outline with numerous lateral segments; flowers frequently gapping ie.) aicley aon cue gents Neue ease cllne na ee a ale Radical leaves ovate in outline with fewer lateral segments; flowers CaM Panu at Sie jeri 5 eda! olsen dese Nay os Goll cy nied clini Ney aig Al oe ie Flowers smallish, frequently gaping; tepals 12-—15mm long, 3—7mm DOA oi iiy yobs a olay ms Ra aan a Suto Tere er snr pe mea 12. P.bungeana C.A.M. Dafa 288 + Flowers of medium size,half-open; tepals 2—3cm long; 0.6—1 cm es eS ee ee re ee ee ear ee 6. Se ee eg |: ae a 13. P.tenuiloba (Hayek) Juz. + PBS DAI POM OW, wii 6 eniett wit uxt exjehiny ey eye 14. P. sukaczevii Juz. 17....European plants;..awns of fruit long (to 6mm) .............-. 18. + Asiatic plants; awns of fruit short (2—3.5cm),mostly stout .... 20. 18. Flowers mostly nutant, tepals with recurved apex .......... 19. + Flowers mostly declinate or suberect, dark violet tepals with flat EES ee ee eee 17. P.montana (Hoppe) Rchb. ye aS aL To iia bathed oo vn ary talon eee stsartaa 15. P. pratensis (L.) Mill. + coy ete ao Ee Tel te ia Ce) ne a er ore 16. P.nigricans Storck. 20. Caucasian plants with narrow linear-lanceolate leaf lobes and EON: ret bore Vax'ol human datams 1 Peace.» Si ghgera hep wir te ate fe ynQe' s+ 6 aL + Siberian and Central Asian plants with rather broad lanceolate or eblens.Jeaf lobes, and Wobules | pays jéiys 6 svn HEARERS 6 ke ace see 25. 21. Flowers yellow (sometimes reddening after flowering)........ 22. + gen fC i oo es en: ee a oe ee eee a 23. 22. Flowers suberect, with tepals reddening after flowering ...... a One a ea eee oe Dane 21, P.andina (Rupr.) Woron. + Flowers nutant, tepals yellow, persistent after flowering ........ Ee ee eee ee ee) ee 20. P.albana (Stev.) Bercht. et Presl. Zoe hlowers nutant; tepals with apex recurved «. .0.): - swe here ee 24, + Flowers declinate or suberect; tepals with flat apex ........... RN eet TIE ene tie a hehe aiecein E Em sexe 24. P.armena (Boiss.) Rupr. 24. Leaf lobes and lobules very narrowly linear,almost filiform ..... Wi ee Mceeh nent ot haa hd tate srect et pes Saati esd bid cm, Sd y emai, wae 23. P.georgica Rupr. + iPaitlobes,and lobules.broader x) sj. 8) si ios: 22. P.violacea Rupr. 25. Flowers narrowly campanulate,nutant; tepals with recurved apex Ce amelie Cite Fall + cd enws sihh patos tarot 26. P.campanella Fisch. == Flowers broadly campanulate,declinate; tepals with flat apex... I as ih aS eels 24 Bite 26. P.ambigua (Turcz.) Juz. Subgenus 1. PREONANTHUS Ehrh. Beitr. IV (1789) 149.— Involucral leaves well developed, resembling radical leaves, short-petioled. Outer stamens normal, i.e.,not transforming into nectaries (staminodes). 1. P. aurea (N. Busch) Juz., comb. nova.— P. lutea Rupr., Fl. cauc. (1869) 9 p.p. (quoad pl. caucas.), non Rchb.; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 106.— Saale oar. Ss uiphure a, Ldb.,.. Fl. Ross. 1,19; Boiss.,, Fl. Or, I 11 et Suppl. 3, non DC.— A. aplina var. aurea Somm. et Lev. in A.H.P. XVI (1900) 2.— A. alpina subsp. aurea N. Busch in Fl. Cauc. crit. p. III, fasc. 3 (1902) 97.- A. aurea N. Busch in Fom. et Woron., Opred. rast. Krymai Kavk. II, 4 (1919) 34.— Exs.: HFR No. 751.F1. orient. No. 206. Perennial, 6—35cm,in fruit to 50cm high; rootstock strong, vertical; stems erect, hairs spreading; radical leaves with long rather slender often somewhat flexuous petioles covered with spreading hairs, ternate with ovate pinnatisect long-petioluled segments, with pinnatipartite subdivisions and with acute deeply incised-serrate-dentate lobes; leaf long-pilose beneath along the main veins, glabrous above; involucral leaves 223 289 3, resembling the radical leaves but somewhat smaller, with short almost winged densely pilose petioles; peduncles long, tomentose; flowers sub- erect, 3.5—-6cm in diameter; tepals 6,divaricate, 2-3cm long, 0.8-—2 cm broad, ovate, golden yellow, mainly appressed-pilose on the outside, becoming glabrous at the edges, many times as long as the numerous yellow stamens; in fruit, receptacle hemispheric, slightly pilose; fruits to 5mm long, pilose, with a flexuous awn (style) to 5mm long covered with rather short erect- spreading apically almost accumbent hairs. June—July (—September). Alpine pastures, subalpine meadows, and rhododendron thickets. — Caucasus: Cisc. (Main Range, western part), W.Transc. Endemic. Described from Svanetiya. Type in Florence. Subgenus 2. IOSTEMON Juz., subgen. nov.— Involucral leaves basally connate, strongly reduced; involucre campanulate; flowers mostly with 9 broad rounded tepals; stamens violet or dark purple, the outer ones normal, i.e., not metamorphosed into nectaries. 2. P.kostyczewii (Korsh.) Juz.,comb. nova.— A. kostyczewii Korsh. in Mem. Ac. Sc. St. Pétersb. IV, No. 4 (1896) 99.— Ic.: Korshinsky, l.c., tabs Perennial, 12—20cm high; rootstock very strong distally, covered with fibrous remnants of leaves; radical leaves appearing together with flowers, biternately dissected, their segments entire linear, else 2—3-cleft into entire or linear lobes,ca. 0.5mm broad; stem, petioles, and leaf blade covered with dense soft white hairs; involucral leaves repeatedly palmately parted into very narrow entire or bifid lobes; peduncles long, 6—10cm; flowers large, 5.5—6cm in diameter,erect; tepals ca. 3cm long, 2cm broad, obovate, the inner with rounded the outer with subacute apex, pink, villous on the outside, persistent in fruit; stamens one-third as long as tepals; filaments purple; anthers ovate-cordate, violet; fruitlets with a long (4—5cm) flexible plumose awn. June, fr. July. (Plate XVIII, Figure 1). Rocks and stony places.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. (foothills of the Trans-Alai Range). Endemic. Described from the vicinity of Daraut-Kurgan and Cape Kara-aigyr. Type and paratype in Leningrad. Subgenus 3. CAMPANARIA Endl. Gen. (1839) 845.— Involucral leaves reduced, basally connate; involucre campanulate; tepals mostly 6; stamens in USSR species yellow; outer stamens metamorphosed into capitate staminodal nectaries. Series 1. Vernales Juz.— Plants flowering before appearance of radical leaves; leaves overwintering, trisected, with a petiolulate middle segment and incised lateral segments; involucral leaves with bronze-golden hairs; flowers half-open. 3. P.vernalis (L.) Mill., The Garden Dict. ed. VIII (1768) No. 3.— A. vernalis L., Sp. pl. (1753) 538.—= A. alborosea Gilib., =r Lithuan. II (1781) 276.— A. sulphurea All., Fl. Pedem. II (1785) 170, 224 290 moo liam.— fc.; Fl. Dan. 1, tab.29; Rchb., Ie. Fl. Germ. IVgtab. 54. — Exs.: Fl. exs. Austro-Hung. No. 2058; Meinsh., Herb. Fl. Ingr. No. 913. Perennial, 5—20cm high; rootstock strong, oblique, blackish, multi- cipital; stem mostly ascending, straight or somewhat curved, squarrose- pilose; radical leaves appearing after flowering, overwintering, with short or rather long, rather sparsely pilose petioles, ternate with sessile lateral segments and a petiolulate middle segment; segments obovate, cuneate, the lateral bifid, the middle segment tripartite, the lobules and lobes with few large subacute teeth; leaf blade coriaceous, remotely pilose or glabrate, principle and lateral veins strongly concave above; involucral leaves with narrow-linear lobes densely covered with long bronze-golden hairs; peduncles short, greatly elongating in fruit; flowers nutant at first, subsequently erect, campanulate; tepals 6, 1.5—3.2cm long, narrow-ovate, convergent at first, subsequently divaricate, on the inside white, on the outside a delicate violet color or pinkish or somewhat azure, and with a pubescence as on the involucral leaves; stamens numerous, greenish yellow, half as long as tepals; fruitlets oblong produced into a 4-cm long awn, awn and fruitlets covered with yellowish hairs 3-—5mm long. May-— June. (Plate XVIII, Figure 2). Open pine forests.— European part: Lad.-Ilm. (Lembalovo). Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur., Scand., Atl. Eur. (Pyrenees), Bal.-As. Min. Described from Switzerland. Type in London. Series 2. Chinenses Juz.— Plants flowering after appearance of radical leaves; leaves trisected, with a petiolulate middle segment and incised lateral segments; involucral leaves with white hairs; flowers campanulate. 4. P.chinensis (Bge.) Rgl., Tent. fl. Ussur. (1861) Kom., Fl. Mansh. Il, I, 271.-—A.chinensis Bge. in Mem. Ac. Sc. Pétersb. II (1832) 76.— ic.: Prtzel in LinnaeaeV.- tap. V; Rel.,*b.c., tab. i, tig. Bs Perennial, 7—25cm high; rootstock vertical or somewhat oblique, producing 1 or 2 stems; stems erect, their pubescence similar to but somewhat less dense than on petioles; radical leaves appearing before flowering, with long petioles covered with dense rather soft spreading hairs, broad-ovate or cordate in outline, ternate, with broad-obovate segments, the lateral subsessile, apically deeply 2—3-incised into rounded coarsely dentate lobules, the terminal segment long-petioluled, tripartite with frequently shallowly 2—3-incised lobes; leaf blade densely appressed-pilose beneath, remotely appressed-pilose above; involucral leaves deeply tripartite, lobes mostly entire oblong, obtuse and with a small apical tuft of hairs; peduncles rather short, tomentose; flowers erect, half-open, campanulate; tepals 6, 2.5-—4.5cm long, 1—1.3cm broad, subacute, blue- lilac or violet, with accumbent hairs on the outside; fruitlets ca. 4mm long, with long (4—6 cm) slender flexuous awns (styles) covered with dense spreading hairs, tips glabrous. May. (Plate XVIII, Figure 3). Dry meadows and stony meadow slopes.— Far East: Ze.-Bu., Uss. Gen. distr.: Jap.-Ch. (E. and N. China, Manchuria). Described from China. Type in Leningrad. Series 3. Hallerianae Juz.— Plants flowering before appearance of radical leaves; leaves pinnatisect with parted segments, the lateral subsessile; flowers gaping. 225 (291) To WAN y ily Ge Y f Zi, ie S/ PLATE XVIII. 1 —Pulsatilla kostyczewii (Korsh.) Juz., habit; 2—P.vernalis (L.) Mill., habit; 3 —P.chinensis (Bge) Rgl., radical leaf; 4 —P.halleri (All.) Willd., radical leaf; 5 —P.grandis Wenderoth, a) radical leaf, b) compound fruit, c) fruitlet; 6 —P.patems (L.) Mill., a) habit, b) radical leaf; 7—P.multifida (Pritzel) Juz., radical leaf; 8 —P.ajaneisis Rgl. et Tiling, radical leaf. 226 293 294 5. P.halleri (All.) Willd., Enum. pl. hort. reg. Berol. (1809) 850.— Anemone tHalleri, All. Fl. Pedem- TI (1785) Fa03* Shiralst oR bas s— icey miiscar,1.¢., tab. a0, 118.2; Reho., Ic." Fil; gernm TV" tab lL, fig. 4659. = Exs.: HFR No. 1101 (sub nom. A.halleri All.). Perennial, 9—25(—30)cm high; rootstock multicipital; stem erect, with a dense villous indumentum of long horizontally spreading hairs; radical leaves appearing after flowering, their petioles with a densely villous indumentum of long erect-spreading or almost spreading hairs, the leaf blade broad-ovate or oblong-ovate, pinnatisect, with one terminal segment and 2 pairs of lateral segments, the latter bifid, tripartite almost to base, the lobes 2—3-incised with oblong-linear acute lobules; lateral segments short-petioluled or subsessile, the terminal segment long-petioluled, all strongly lanate-villous when young but subsequently less strongly pubescent (sometimes remotely pilose above); involucre 2—3cm long, erect, parted into narrow-linear lobes, with a very dense villous indumentum of long horizontally spreading silky hairs; flowers erect, on the outside with a very dense villous indumentum of long spreading hairs as on peduncles; tepals mostly 6, 2.5—4cm long, long-ovate, acute, dark violet, campanulately convergent at first but subsequently flat, spreading; fruitlets 5-—5.5mm long, oblong, pilose, their styles 3.5—4cm long, covered with dense hairs, at apex hairs reduced, accumbent. April—May, fr. June—July. (Plate XVIII, Figure 4), Open mountain slopes and rocks, dry herb-covered habitats, and forest clearings.— European part: Crim. Gen. distr.: the Alps of W. Europe (France, Switzerland, Italy). Described from Piedmont (Quiras Valley). Type in Turin. Note. The Crimean plant probably constitutes a separate variety (P. taurica Juz. ined.). It differs somewhat from the West European plants by its stronger stem, the longer hairs, which are particularly noticeable on the involucral leaves, and its somewhat larger flowers with broader tepals. Series 4. Vulgares Juz.— Like the preceding series, but the leaf segments pinnatisect with pinnatipartite segments of the second order, the lateral segments with more or less long petiolules. 6. P. grandis Wenderoth in Schrift. d. Ges. f. Naturw. Marburg, II (1831) 257.—A.vulgaris Beck, Fl. Nieder-Oesterr. I (1890) 409, non Mill.— Anemone grandis Kern., Schedae fl. exsicc. Austro-Hung. II (1882) 109-— A. pulsatilla Host, Fl. Austr. II (1891) 93 et auct. mult., Hon, - ©, pulsatitla var. Uc raimic=s Usrinsky in ir. “Obshth! isp: prir. Khar'k Univ. XLIV (1911) 312.—Ic.: Rchb., Ic. fl. Germ. IV, tab. LIV, fig. 4657b.— Exs.: Fl: exs. Austro-Hung. Nos.611 et 612; Dérfler, Herb. Norm. Nos. 4403 et 4405. Perennial, 5—40cm high; rootstock very strong, vertical, almost black, often multicipital; stem erect, with dense long spreading hairs; radical leaves appearing after flowering, borne on long densely squarrose-pilose petioles, broad-ovate, imparipinnately parted, their lateral segments short- petioluled, irregularly bipinnatipartite and incised, with linear-lanceolate 295 lobes and lobules 1—4mm broad and with an almost identical terminal segment borne on a longer petiolule; leaf blade sericeous-pilose when young (particularly beneath) but subsequently glabrous; involucral leaves parted into narrow-linear lobes, covered with dense long spreading silky hairs; peduncles erect, at flowering 1—2cm long, subsequently greatly elongating, tomentose; flowers campanulate at first, subsequently gaping; tepals 3—5.5cm long, narrow-ovate, often subacute, dark or pale violet, villous on the outside; stamens numerous, half as long as tepals, dark yellow; receptacle in fruit elongated; fruitlets rather long, pilose, with a pilose mostly reddish violet style 3.5—5cm long, in upper part covered with almost accumbent hairs, glabrous at the very apex. (Plate XVIII, Figure 5, a—c). European part: M. Dnp. Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur. (Austria, Hungary, S. Bavaria, etc.). Described from Germany? Type in Berlin. Note. In identifying the USSR plant with P. grandis Wender. we have followed Hayek, though thorough research of the Ukrainian forms may make his view untenable. 7, P.turczaninovii Kryl. et Serg. in Animadv. syst. ex Herb. Univ. Tomsk. (1930) Nos.5—6,p.1; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V (1930) 1167. — Pvilgaris CA Mie im ldb,, 4). Alt. Ul 369; db ae Fle RhoOss alse. Turez:, -ele Baic.-dahur.. 1, 37%: Keyl). Plo Alt. t, Noaemon Wine Perennial, 5—35cm high; rootstock very strong; petioles covered with erect-spreading hairs; radical leaves appearing simultaneously with flowers, ovate in outline, 4—14cm long, bipinnatisect, with 3 pairs of segments of the first order with more or less long petiolules, segments of the second order parted into long rather narrow (1-2.5mm broad) linear acute lobes; involucral leaves deeply (sometimes almost to base) palmately parted into pinnatipartite or pinnatifid segments with entire or apically 2—3-toothed lobules; total number of lobules and teeth in the involucre 20—40; flowers suberect, large, half-open, appressed-pilose on the outside; tepals divaricate, 2.5-3.5cm long, 8—12cm broad, flat, blue-violet; stamens one-third to half as long as tepals; fruitlets with awn (styles) 3.5—-4cm long. End of April, May. Steppe meadows, pine forest margins, and sandy hills covered with pine forest. — Wisiberia: Ob, Alt... Ict.: | Siberia Yenis... Anetasa ya. cies Far East: Ze.-Bu. Gen. distr.: Manchuria, E.Mong., Neri. Cee Described from Dauria. Type in Leningrad. Series 5. Patentes Juz.— Like the two preceding series, but the leaves palmatisect (however, the middle segment sometimes with a short petiolule. 8. P.patens (L.) Mill., The Garden Dict. ed. VIII (1768) No.4; Ldb., Fl, Ross. (1842) 19 p.p.—- Anemone patems Liaesp. pla (iioa) poses parte; Hayek in Aschers. Festschr. (1904) 459 et auct. mult.— Pulsa- tilla latifolia Rupr. in Bull. phys.-math. Acad. Pétersb. XII (1854) 218— P.patens subsp. latifolia Zamels in A.H.B. Univ. Latv. I (1926) 85.—Ic.: Rchb., Ic. Fl. Germ. IV, tab. LVII, fig. 4661, Zamels, 5667 228 296 l.c., p.86,tab.1 (folia).— Exs.: Fl. exs. Austro-Hung. No. 2550; Meinsh., herb. (FL. anpr :icent)' Es No . 9. Perennial, 7-1 5(—45) cm high; rootstock strong, vertical, dark brown, multicipital; stems erect, covered with dense soft spreading hairs; radical leaves appearing after flowering and dying off in the fall, with long rather sparsely pilose petioles, rounded-cordate in outline, 3-palmatisect, with rhombic deeply 2—3-partite segments and cuneate 2—4-incised or -toothed lobes with acute, often somewhat curved lobules; leaf blade pilose particularly beneath when young, becoming glabrous; involucral leaves erect, parted into narrow-linear lobes, strongly pilose; peduncles erect; flowers erect, broadly campanulate at first, becoming stellately spreading; tepals 6, 3—4cm long, narrow-ovate, acuminate, straight, blue-violet, pilose on the outside, many times as long as the very numerous yellow stamens; fruitlets oblong, strongly pilose like the styles, 3-—5cm long. April—May. (Plate XVIII, Figure 6, a—b). Sparse pine forests and dry sunny slopes.— European part: most regions eabepit V3 Crim: W: Siberia: Ob,, U: "Toby, Irt: Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur., Scand. (in Sweden: Angermanland at ca. 64°N and on the island of Gotland). Described from Tobol'sk and ''Lusatia.'' Type in London. Note. This species is here taken in a narrower sense than usual; it would perhaps be more accurate to designate it P. latifolia Rupr.,as it differs from the plant from Tobol'sk originally cited by Linnaeus. While rather constant in its characters in Europe, the type P patens becomes extremely polymorphic in the Urals and especially in Siberia, where the following features are noticeable; 1) a predominance of forms with strongly dissected leaves, narrow leaf lobes and lobules, and 2) the presence of yellow-flowered forms side by side with violet-flowered forms. An attempt is made below to separate the forms which are clearly of Siberian origin from the typical P.patens, and to reduce them to two basic groups of forms. However,it must be emphasized that the isolation of the representatives of these two groups from the European A.patens as well as from each other is by no means complete. The numerous intermediate forms that developed*under natural conditions sometimes make a strict discrimination between the three types impossible. A.patens subsp. uralensis Zam. is probably one of these intermediate forms. Hybrids. P.patens (L.) Mill.X P.vernalis (L.) Mill.— P.inter- media Lasch in Linnaea III(1828)164.— European part: Lad.-Ilm. P.patens (L.) Mill. X P. pratensis (L.) Mill.-— P. wolfgangiana (Bess. in Rchb., Iconogr. bot. IV (1826) p.41 sakem p.p. sub Anemone), — Piaina Chie lantauctyiplariy nen Rehb)> le’ Rehb., bics taby35k.= European part: Lad.-Ilm., M.Dnp. 9. P.multifida (Pritzel) Juz. comb. nova.— P.patens var. 3 Ldb., Fl. Alt. II (1830) 368; Fl. Ross. 119 p.p.—P.patens subsp. multi- fida Zamels in A.H. Bot. Univers. Latv. I (1926) 98.— Anemone patens var. multifida Pritz. in Linnaea XV (1841) 58.— A. angusti- folia Hayek in Aschers. Festschr. (1904) 459 ex parte, non Turcz.— Ic.: Curtis. Bot. Magazine, tab.1994; Zamels, l.c.,p.99, tab. 8 (folia). — Exs.: Dorfl., Herb. norm. No. 4402 et Pl. Amur. et Zeaéns. No. 428. Perennial, distinguished from P.patens (L.) Mill., which it resembles in color of tepals and from which it is indistinguishable in the flowering stage, mainly by the strongly dissected leaf blades with a total of 30—80 229 297 lobules and teeth, by the much narrower leaf segments, lobes, and lobules, and by the usually distinct petiolule of the middle segment. (Plate XVIII, Figure 7). Arctic: An.; European part: V.-Kama, Transv.; W.Siberia: Ob, U. Tob., Irt., Alt.; E.Siberia: Yenis., Dau.; Far East: Kamch., Okh., Uda, Ze.-Bu. Gen. distr.: Mong. Described from Siberia. Note. Apart.from the true) FP. multitida (Pritz.),a series of closely related forms are also provisionally included. More detailed research will probably show these to be distinct varieties, but without exact data and field observations, it is not now possible to distinguish between them. These forms include, for example, A. patens subsp. kryloviana Korsh. Tent. (1898) 4(P.kryloviana Juz. ined.), A. patens subsp. asiatica Kryl. et Serg. Fl. Zap. Sib. V (1936) 1166, etc. 10. P.flavescens (Zuccar.) Juz. comb. nova.— Anemone flavescens Zuccarini in Regensb. Zeit. 1(1826) 371; Pritzel in Linnaea XV (1841) 585.—P.hirsutissima var. flavescens E.Huth in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XXII (1897) 588.-— P. patens subsp. flavescens Zamels in A.H.R. Univ. Latv. I (1926) 95.—Ic.: Zamels, l.c.,p.96, tab.6, fig. 8 (folium). Perennial, distinguished from P.multifida only by its yellow flowers. European part: V.-Kama; W.Siberia: Ob, Irt.: E.Siberia: Yenis., Lena-Kol., Dau. Described from Omsk. Note. The independence of the yellow-flowered forms from A.patens is reflected in their distinct area of distribution: entire regions are occupied either by yellow or by violet-flowered forms. Like P, multifida, P.flavescens is avery polymorphic species, and eventually probably will be divided into a series of local varieties. P.angustifolia Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XIII (1840) 61 s. str., described from Yakutsk, seems to represent one variety of this kind. It is smaller and more slender than the typical P.flavescens in all its parts, with leaf lobes only ca. 1mm broad, and small often seminutant flowers usually appearing simultaneously with the leaves. Series 6. Ajanenses Juz.— Plants flowering simultaneously with appearance of radical leaves; leaves ternate with deeply parted segments, the middle segment petiolulate; leaf blade short-ovate in outline; involucral leaves with a pubescence of yellowish hairs; flowers gaping. 11. P.ajanensis Rgl. et Tiling, Flor. Ajan. in Nouv. Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XI (1859) 28.— Anemone ajanensis Hayek in Festschr. z. Feier d. siebzigst. Geburst. Prof. Dr. Aschers. (1904) 473. Perennial, 5—12cm and in fruit to 20cm high; rootstock vertical; stems ascending, covered with dense spreading yellowish hairs; radical leaves appearing simultaneously with or after flowering, with spreading- pilose petioles, broadly ovate-rhombic or suborbicular in outline, almost imparipinnately dissected, with (2 pairs of) sessile lateral segments and a terminal segment, these pinnatipartite with broadly cuneate 2—3-incised lobes and short-lanceolate subacute lobules; involucral leaves with lobes 2—3-parted into narrowly linear-lanceolate acute lobules, covered with 230 298 301 very dense long yellowish hairs; peduncles very short, elongating in fruit, densely pilose; flowers erect or declinate, half-open, campanulate; tepals 2.5—3cm long,ca. 1.5cm broad, obtuse, apex flat; stamens numerous, the glands on short stalks; style of fruitlets 3cm long, plumose, with hairs from above middle of style, becoming accumbent above, glabrous at apex. May. (Plate XVIII, Figure 8). Mountain meadows and other open habitats. — Far East: Okh., Uda. Endemic. Described from Ayan. Type in Leningrad. Note. In the Botchi River valley, in the northern Sikhote-Alin Range, I. Shishkin collected a plant which V. L.Komarov refers to the closely related P.nivalis Nakai. However, Shishkin's specimens consist only of sterile rosettes of radical leaves, and therefore, we have not included that species in the Flora of the USSR. Series 7. Bungeanae Juz.— Plants flowering simultaneously with appearance of radical leaves; leaves pinnatisect, the leaf blade oblong in outline; involucral leaves covered with white hairs; flowers gaping. 12. P. bungeana C.A.M. in Ldb., Fl. Alt. II (1830) 371; Ldb., Fl. Ress. lyjgee Krypioeel. Alt. 1, 46; Kryl sbi se 2ap. Sib. V,4i£69.— Anemone bungeana Pritzel in Linnaea XV (1841) 603; Hayek, l.c., preie—Me « iLdb., Ice. pi. Fil. Resse¢tabii1o, Perennial, 1.5—5cm,in fruit to 8cm high; rootstock vertical, stout, multicipital; radical leaves appearing before flowering; stem and petioles covered with appressed sericeous hairs, the leaves oblong in outline, pinnatisect, their frequently very distant segments also pinnatisect, with short and rather broad entire or dentate subobtuse segments of the second order, slightly pilose; involucral leaves with lobes 3-incised at the apex, with rather short entire or incised lobules; flowers smallish, mostly erect, half-open, broadly campanulate; tepals 12—15mm long, 3—7mm broad, bluish violet; stamens numerous, two-thirds or half the length of the tepals; glands on long (ca. 5mm) filiform stalks; fruitlets 4mm long, with short rigid awns 1.5cm long. Fl. June. (Plate XIX, Figure 1, a—b). Rock fissures, rock ledges, and stony steppe slopes.— W.Siberia: Alt. (SE). Gen. distr.: Mong. Described from Altai (Chuya River). Type and cotype in Leningrad. 13. P.tenuiloba (Hayek) Juz. comb. nova.— Anemone tenuiloba Hayek in Festschr. Z.Feier. d. siebzigst. Geburst. Prof. Dr. P.Aschers. (1904) 472.— P. vulgaris var. tenuiloba Turcz., Fl. baic.-dahur. I (1842) 37. Perennial, 8—-16cm high; rootstock vertical; radical leaves appearing before flowering; stem and petioles covered with dense accumbent sericeous hairs, the leaves oblong in outline, pinnatisect, their segments distant, ovate or oblong-ovate in outline, pinnately dissected into rather short narrow-linear entire or cuneate parted subacute or acute subdivisions, remotely pilose; involucral leaves with apically 3-incised lateral lobes and a tripartite middle lobe, the lobules of the latter 3-incised, like lateral lobes with linear entire or incised subdivisions, the leaf blade densely sericeous- pilose; peduncles erect; flowers smallish or of medium size, half-open, 231 (299) PLATE XIX. 1—Pulsatilla bungeana C.A.M., a) habit, b) fruitlet; 2—P.dahurica (Fisch.) Spreng, a) radical, b) fruitlet; 8 —P.cernua (Thunb.) Bercht. et Opiz., radical leaf; 4—P.pratensis (L.) Mill., a) tadical leaf, b)upper part of stem; 5 —P.montana (Hoppe) Rchb., a) upper part of stem, b) radical leaf; 6 —P.campanella Fisch., habit; 7 -—P.violacea Rupr., a) radical leaf, b) fruitlet; 8 — P.ambigua (Turez.) Juz., habit, a) fruiting receptacle, b) stamen. 232 302 campanulate; tepals 2—3cm long, 0.6—1cm broad, violet; stamens numerous, one-third to half the length of the tepals; glands on stalks; fruitlets ca. 5mm long, with short rather stout usually curved awns ca. 2cm long. June. Rocks and stony slopes.— E.Siberia: Dau. Gen. distr.: Mong. Described from the Ingoda River. Type and cotype in Leningrad. 14. P. sukaczewii Juz., sp. nova in Addenda VI, p.570. Perennial; stem 3—16cm high; petioles with remote spreading hairs; leaves with scattered or sparse long spreading hairs; involucral leaves with rather dense spreading hairs; flowers gaping; tepals 14—20mm long, 6—12mm broad, pale yellow, with a slight violet tinge confined to the outside and in other characters resembling P. tenuiloba (Hayek) Juz. June. Stony slopes.— E.Siberia: Ang.-Say. Endemic. Described from the western shore of Lake Baikal, from the northern slopes of Mt. Krestovka. Type and cotype in Leningrad. Series 8. Pratenses Juz.— Plants flowering simultaneously with appearance of radical leaves; leaves pinnatisect into bipinnatipartite segments; flowers campanulate; achenes with long awns (3:5-—-6:cny)s 15. P.pratensis (L.) Mill., The Garden Dict. ed. VIII (1768) No. 2.— P. refhexa:Gilib.,.. Fl) Lith. If (1789), 278.— P.breynii, Rupr..in Bull. Ac. Pétersb. vol. XII (1854) 28.— Anemone pratensis L., Sp. pl. eee SO) Tadbierki le, ROSS=| lyo2)p: pesca le.s,) Sturm,)Deutschl..Fl...H,,.90; Rebbe. fi.«.Germ ::1V,).tab.;LIb,..f..4655.- Exs.: Doérfl.;, Herb..norm. No. 4407; Rehm. et Wol., Fl. Pol. No.103a et b. Perennial; stem 7—30(—45)cm high; rootstock stout, mostly vertical, dark brown, capitate or multicipital; radical leaves appearing simultaneously with or after flowering, not overwintering, their petioles with a villous indumentum of dense white hairs, the leaf blade broad-ovate in outline, pinnatisect into bipinnatipartite segments, with narrow-linear acuminate lobes 1—3mm broad, villous (mainly beneath); stem erect, densely short- pilose; involucral leaves parted into linear pilose lobes; peduncles curved, in fruit greatly elongating,erect; flowers usually nutant, tepals 6, campanulately convergent, apically recurved, 1.5—2.5cm long, 0.6—1cm broad, mostly pale lilac, more rarely reddish or greenish yellow; stamens numerous, yellow, two-thirds the length of the tepals; pistils as long as perianth; fruitlets oblong, with ovary and style covered with dense spreading hair, the latter elongating into an awn, 6cm long, the hairs usually becoming short and accumbent at its tip. April—June (occasionally flowering a second time in the fall). (Plate XIX, Figure 4,a—b). Pine forests, forest margins, open sandy hills, and dry slopes. — European part: Lad.-Ilm., U.V.?, U.Dnp., M.Dnp.? Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur. (NE Germany, Poland, Galicia), Fennoscandia (S.). Described from Sweden and Germany. Type in London. 16. P.nigricans Stérck, Lib. de Usumed. P.nigricantis (1771) 7.— Anemone pratensis Roth, Tent. Fl. Germ. II, 1 (1789) 609 et auct. mult., non L.s. str.— Pulsatilla pratensis Rchb., Fl. Germ. exs. 235 (1832) 738, non Mill.— Anemone nigricans Kern., Sched. Fl. exs. Austro-Hung. VII (1897) 47. —‘Ie.:. Rehb?; “Ie. Fl.-Germ1V, tab. EI f.4656.— Exs.: Kerner, Fl. exs. Austro-Hung., No. 2551. Perennial; lobes of radical leaves very narrowly linear, 1—2mm broad; tepals black-violet, densely sericeous-pilose on the outside; stamens considerably shorter than tepals. In other characters resembling the preceding species. May—June. Habitat as for the preceding species.— European part: reported from M. Dnp. Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur. Described from Germany. Note. This species differs but slightly from P.pratensis (LA) Mill.; its presence in the USSR requires confirmation (Ukrainian forms of the type P. pratensis require field observations concerning variability of flower color). 17. P.montana (Hoppe) Rchb., Fl. Germ. excurs. (1832) 733.— Anemone montana Hoppe in Sturm, Deutschl. Flora H. 46 (1826) tab.4.— Pulsatilla intermedia Hoppe et Hornsch., Tageb. Reise Kiist. Adriat. Meeres (1818) 178 nomen nud.-— Ic.: Sturm, 1.c.; Rchb., Ic. FlS'Germ. 1V,) tab. LL f24606)— xe) MiMexs. -Austro> rum, No.2552; Dorfl., Herb. norm. No. 4409. Perennial; stem 7—20cm,in fruit to 32cm high; rootstock strong, vertical, blackish; radical leaves appearing simultaneously with or after flowering, dying off in the fall, with long villous petioles, pinnatisect into bipinnatipartite segments with narrow-linear acute lobes; stems erect, densely soft-pilose; involucral leaves parted into narrow-linear slender acuminate very densely pilose lobes; peduncles slightly curved or almost straight; flowers campanulate, nutant or slightly declinate; tepals dark violet, extremely villous on the outside, erect at first, subsequently mostly diverging stellately, apex flat, rarely slightly curved outward; stamens numerous, yellow, half the length of the tepals; styles shorter than tepals by at least one third; fruitlets with rather stout flexuous awns to 4cm long, covered with spreading hairs becoming erect in upper part. May. (Plate XIX, Figure 5,a—b). Dry open hills and shrub-covered slopes.— European part: BIl., M. Dnp., V.-Don. Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur. Described from forests ("von Lippiza'') and from the vicinity of Trieste. Type in Vienna. Note. In our treatment of forms growing in the Volga-Don region, we follow Hayek, but we doubt whether these forms belong to P. montana, In any case, they require critical investigation on the basis of more abundant material. 303 Series 9. Cernuae Juz.— As the preceding series, but the radical leaves pinnatisect, with deeply parted segments. 18. P.dahurica (Fisch.) Spreng., Syst. Veget. ed. 16, II (1825) 663; Wbieer45, Ils loene.-Clela, I, SOS Ibc¢loc, Jl, IROSS, I, 2s Kona., Ini, Miewein. Il 273.— Anemone dahurica Fisch. ex DC., Prodr. I (1824) 17.— Exs.: Magnier, Fl. sel. No. 2621. Perennial, 15—40cm high; rootstock oblique, producing 1—5 stems; radical leaves appearing before flowering, rather sparsely and rather shortly pilose petiolate, oblong-ovate in outline, pinnatisect into 2 pairs of more or 234 304 less distant narrow-rhombic sessile or very short petioluled segments, with a broader petiolulate terminal segment, all segments deeply and irregularly 2—3-partite, their cuneate lobes apically 2—3-incised with linear-lanceolate acute, usually subobtuse entire or acutely serrate- dentate lobules; leaf blade usually with only isolated or scattered hairs above, more or less pilose beneath; stems erect, rather sparsely tomentose; involucral leaves with large oblong-linear lobes 2—3-fid or -toothed at apex; pedicels short, somewhat curved or declinate, more rarely suberect, rather sparsely tomentose, greatly elongating in fruit; flowers of medium size, gaping; tepals 6,2.3-—3cm long, 0.9—1.2cm broad, erect, not apically curved, pale blue-violet; fruitlets ca. 5mm long,with a long (ca. 5cm) slender flexuous awn covered to its apex with soft spreading hairs. June—July. (Plate XIX, Figure 2,a-—b). River pebbles (open or shrub-covered).— E.Siberia: Dau.; Far East: Ze.-Bu., Uss. Gen. distr.: Jap.-Ch. Described from the Ingoda River in Dauria (type in Geneva). 19. P.cernua (Thunb.) Bercht. et Opiz, Rostl. I Ranuncul. (1820) 22; Spreng. Syst. nat. ed.16, II (1825) 664; Kom., Fl. Mansh. II, 1 (1903) 272.— Anemone cernua Thunb., Fl. Jap. (1784) 238.—Ic.: Siebold, Fl. Jap. (1835), tab.4; Kom. et Klob., Al. Key Pl. Far East. Reg. URSS 1, tab. 166. Perennial; stem 4—20cm high; rootstock long, strong, subvertical, frequently multicipital; radical leaves with densely tomentose stem and petioles, leaves smaller than in P. dahurica, pinnatisect, with 1 terminal and 2 pairs of lateral segments, all segments broad-rhombic, the lateral sessile, the terminal long-petioluled, deeply 2—3-partite, with cuneate lobes apically 2—3-incised or -toothed and with acute rather short ovate-lanceolate lobules; leaf blade with isolated hairs above and dense accumbent hairs beneath; stems erect; involucral leaves with linear, rather narrowly linear, entire mostly apically 2—3-fid lobes; peduncles densely tomentose, mostly somewhat curved or nutant; flowers of medium size, not opening, rarely half-open; tepals 2.2—3.5cm long, 0.6—1.2cm broad, erect, bright violet- red or dark purple-brownish, with a dense gray villous indumentum on the outside, apex not curved; fruitlets with awns considerably shorter than in P.dahurica, glabrous at the very apex. May—July. (Plate XIX, Figure 3). Dry open slopes, more rarely turfy river sands.— Far East: Ze.-Bu., Uss. Gen. distr.: Japan, N. Mongolia, Manchuria, Korea. Described from Hokkaido Island (Japan). Hybrids: X P.kissii Mandl. in O.B.Z. LXXI Jahrg. (1922) 178.- (P.koreana Nakai in Mori, Enum. Pl. Cor. (1922) 159 sec. Komarov).— P.cernua Spreng. X P.chinensis (Bge.) Rgl. — Leaves trisected, their segments deeply incised and broad-rhombic; flowers 3—3.7cm long, purple-violet. Uss. (Nikol'sk-Ussuriisk [Ussuriisk]). Series 10. Campanellae Juz.— Like series Pratenses Juz., but usually smaller; fruitlets with short awns (2—3.5cm). 20. P.albana (Stev.) Bercht. et Presl, Rostl. I Ranuncul. (1820) 22.— P.albana a floribus flavis Ldb., Fl. Ross. I (1842) 22.-P.albana 235 305 var. flavescens Rgl. in Bull. Mosc. XXXIV (1861) 29.— Anemone albana Stev. in Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. Ill (1812); M.B., Fl. taur.-cauc. Ill; 376;-"Boisss;’ Fl) Ora liehOr—-A Sal bama subsp: siskavie's Cems N. Busch in Fl. Cauc. crit. III, 3 (1902) 100. Perennial, 5—18cm,in fruit to 30cm high; radical leaves appearing almost simultaneously with flowers, the leaf blade 2.5—6 cm long, oblong in outline, bipinnatisect with 3—4 pairs of segments of the first order, segments of the second order deeply pinnately parted into small lanceolate, mostly linear subobtuse entire or slightly incised-dentate lobes, villous particularly when young mainly beneath; involucral leaves 1.5—3cm long with linear-subacute entire or slightly incised lobes; flowers declinate or mostly nutant, campanulate, with a narrowed base; tepals 18—25mm long, oblong-elliptic with reflexed tips, yellow, with dense appressed sericeous hairs on the outside; stamens two-thirds to three-fourths the length of the tepals; fruitlets with short stout awns 2—2.5cm long, with accumbent hairs near apex, glabrous at the very apex. May—July. Meadows and rocks (mainly limestone but also primary rocks) in the alpine zone, more rarely in the subalpine and forest zones. — Caucasus: Cisc., E.Transc., Dag. (Main Range); also reported for Talysh. Gen. distr.: Iran? Described from Mt. Shakh-dag. Type in Helsinki. 21. P.andina (Rupr.) Woron. in Sched. ad Herb. Fl. Cauc. VIII (1916) 74.-— P.albana var. andina Rupr., Fl. Cauc. (1869) 6.—A.albana subsp. andina Smirn., Enum. (1887) 935; N. Busch in Fl. Cauc. Crit. III, 3 (1902) 103. Perennial, closely related to P.albana (Stev.) but the leaf lobes and lobules narrower and subacute, in particular the flowers 1.5 times larger, suberect (declinate only after flowering), the tepals yellow at first, becoming blood-red after flowering. June—July. On calcareous rocks in the alpine and forest zones of mountains. — Caucasus: Dag. Endemic. Described from Iol-tau above Gimri and also from Khanaka-tau in the Salatau Range. Type and paratype in Leningrad. 22. P.violacea Rupr.; Fl. Cauc. (1859) 6.— Anémone albana var. violacea Boiss., Fl. Or. suppl. (1888) 2.— A. albana subsp. violacea N. Busch in Fl. Cauc. crit. Ill, 3 (1902) 103.— Exs.: Herb. Fl. Cauc. No. 356. Perennial; leaf lobes rather narrow, acute; flowers violet or lilac or very rarely whitish, nutant or suberect; tepals 2.3—2.8mm long, curved at the apex. Other characters asin P.albana. End of May, June. (Plate XIX, Figure 7, a—b). Alpine and subalpine zones.— Caucasus: Cisc., Dag., E. and S. Transc. (Main Range and Lesser Caucasus). Endemic? Described from the village of Kazbek in the Main Range. Type in Leningrad. 23. P.georgica Rupr., Fl. Cauc. (1869) 9.— Anemone albana var. georgica Smirn. Enum. (1887) 936; N.Buschin Fl. Cauc. crit. III, 3 (1902) 104 pro subsp. Perennial, closely related to P. violacea but distinguished from it by its very narrow almost setiform lobes and lobules, and by its flowers which are somewhat paler pinkish lilac, pale lilac or almost colorless on the inside. March—May. 236 306 307 Forest zone of mountains.— Caucasus: E.Transc., mainly in the vicinity of Tbilisi and south of the city. Endemic. Described from the vicinity of Tbilisi (Kodzhory, St. George's Church). Type in Leningrad. Note. This critical species is probably merely a more xerophytic form of the preceding species growing at lower levels in the mountains. 24, P.armena (Boiss.) Rupr., Fl. Cauc. (1869) 9.— P. albana var. ene nm a. Eralty..ingA. HaP. TV. 1 (1876) 100.—Anemone armena Boiss., Fl. Or. 1(1867) 11.—A.albana var. armena Smirn., Enum. (1887) 936.— A. albana subsp. armena N. Busch in Fl. Cauc. crit. II, 3 (1902) 105. Perennial, 5—10cm,in fruit ca. 20cm high; stem and petioles of radical leaves covered with dense white erect-spreading or accumbent hairs; radical leaves appearing almost simultaneously with flowers, the blade 1.5—4cm long, ovate in outline, densely covered with white hairs, bipinnatisect, segments of the second order pinnately divided to base, with approximate shortish narrow linear-oblong subobtuse or acute lobes; involucre leaves, 2—2.5cm long, parted to the middle or somewhat deeper, with lobes frequently incised, densely spreading-villous; flowers relatively large, declinate or suberect, campanulate; tepals 2—3.5cm long, oblong, acute, apex flat and straight, purple-lilac, on the outside densely villous with accumbent or somewhat distant rather long white hairs; stamens two-thirds the length of the tepals; fruitlets ca. 2.5cm long awns resembling those of P.albana and P.violacea, but somewhat more slender and with a somewhat longer pubescence. . Alpine meadows.— Caucasus: S.Transc. Gen. distr.: Turkish Armenia, Cappadocia. Described from the 7,000-foot high Mt. Maimanzur in Turkish Armenia by Huet and from other places. Type in Geneva; cotype in Leningrad. 25. P.campanella Fisch. ex Rgl. et Til., Fl. Ajan. (1859) 30; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V (1931) 1168.— Anemone campanella Fisch. ex Ldb., Fl. Ross. 1 (1842) 22; Hayek in Festschr. z. Feier, d. siebzigst. Geburst. P. Aschers. (1904) 467.— P. albana 8 flore coeruleo C.A.M. moa ee, A. AP tooG) S10: Idb., Wl. Ross. i. 22.—P.albanayparvi- flora écampabellaRel. et Til, lc. (1858).—P. albana auct. ‘mult. fl. Sib. saltem p. p., non Stev. —Ic.: Ldb., lc. pl. Fl. Ross. II, tab. 109. Perennial, 4—25cm,in fruit to 25—30cm high; radical leaves appearing simultaneously with flowers, the blade 2—7cm long, oblong-ovate in outline, bipinnatisect with 2—3 pairs of segments deeply dissected into abbreviated obtuse or subacute incised-dentate subdivisions to 2mm broad; involucral leaves 1.5—3cm long with linear acuminate entire or incised-dentate lobes; flowers more or less declinate, campanulate; tepals 20-—27mm long, 3—13mm broad, with reflexed tips, violet-blue; stamens just slightly shorter than tepals; glands subsessile; fruitlets with awns ca. 2.5 cm long. May-June. (Plate XIX, Figure 6). Rocks, stony slopes, ancient moraines,and gravelly lichen-covered mountain tundras.— W.Siberia: Alt.; Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb., T. Sh., Pam.-Al. Gen. distr.: N.Mong. Described from Altai. Type in the Zeyher Herbarium; cotype in Leningrad. 237 308 26, P.ambigua (Turcz.) Juz. comb. nova.-- P. regeliana Kryl. et Serg. in Animadv. system. ex Herb. Univ. Tomsk. (1930) Nos. 5—6, p. 2; Keryi e Zap. olan w vy, (1931) 1167.— Anemone ambigua Turcz., Fl. baic.-dah. I (1842) 39, pro synon. P.albanae 6; Hayek in Festschr. z. Feier, d. siebzigst. Gebursttages P. Aschers. (1904) 766.— P. regel- iana Maxim., Enum. pl. Mong. fasc. l (1889) 11.—P.albana 8B floribus coeruleis Ldb., Fl. Ross. 1 (1842) 22, p.p.-— P. montana B Sibwrica Wel... el. add. (186?) 27 in adnot. — let:* Waxing.) 1 se, viaaeele Perennial, 5—15cm,in fruit to 30cm high; rootstock vertical; radical leaves appearing simultaneously with flowers, with petioles covered by slender spreading hairs, ovate in outline, imparipinnately dissected, the 3 pairs of sessile lateral segments (the lowermost rarely with short petiolules) pinnately parted into ovate or rhombic lobes, cleft into lanceolate or broad-linear lobules 2—4mm broad; stem erect, pubescence as on the petioles; involucral leaves with linear subacuminate lobes entire or pinnatifid, with oblong-linear entire or apically dentate lobules; flowers nutant at first, subsequently suberect, at first divaricate, later campanulately diverging; tepals 1.8-3cm long, 0.8—1 cm broad, subobtuse, slightly curved at the apex, blue-violet, rarely pink, with long soft hairs on the outside; stamens one-third or half as long as tepals; fruitlets with flexuous finely plumose awns 2.5—3.5cm long. May—June. (Plate XIX, Figure 8, a—b). Sands and mountain slopes.— W.Siberia: Alt., Ang.-Say., Dau. Gen. distr.: Mong., Chinese Turkestan. Described from the village of Vvedenskaya on the Irkut River. Type in Leningrad. Genus 529. ATRAGENE * L. ** Sepals 4—8, petaloid, white, straw-colored, blue-purple, blue, or violet. Petals as long as or shorter than sepals, usually of the same color, acuminate or spatulately broadened at the apex. Stamens numerous with dilated filaments. Fruitlets numerous, cuneate, downy, with a long plumose- pubescent style. Shrubs with long climbing stems. Russian name: knyazhik. Economic importance. Sometimes cultivated as an ornamental plant. 1. Petals large acuminate, almost or as long as the sepals and similar to CHeMAN I Sletpeer ns pone eg nc Cuter ein Sere Meae ra 2. A.macropetala Ldb. + Petals considerably shorter than sepals, spatulately broadened at the F210 \ op cients ais rane rl i epee ee ea Ma era ee ME nan uta Ooo: OO. 8 ae 2c Sepalsrdarkepilerorr aZzuice? OIehe wi as. os nee eee 3. A.ochotensis Pall. ifs Sepals white-or yellowish whtte Oss on cunts Seer ae 1, A.sibirica L. 1) A./sibirica i; Sp. pl. 1(1753) 543° Kryl.°"hloeZap. Sib... Wel igee.. A.alpina Pall., Fl. Ross. 2 (1784)'695 Ldb:)" Ri Alt. 173762 hdbaeee) InOSS5 1, 44.— Clean aiig Siloiwle se Wh. IDG. ecis WILL (1768) No.12; DC. Prodr. 1, 100—"C alpina subsp. s iba nea, ©, etze*. Vionoric Clemat. (1885) 162.—Ic.: Pall., l.c., tab. 76. * The Greek name used by Theophrastus for one of the species of Clematis. ** Treatment by I.M.Krasheninnikov. 238 Shrub; stems prostrate or climbing; leaves with long petioles functioning as tendrils, usually biternate; leaf lobes ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, more or less long-acuminate, serrate, paler-colored beneath, pubescent (like the petioles) along the veins; flowers solitary on more or less long petioles; sepals ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 3—5cm long, with minute hairs on the outside and along the margins, yellowish- white or almost white; petals flat, linear, with a soft pubescence, the outer ones spatulately broadened at the apex, one-third to half the length of the sepals, and as long as the stamens, filaments linear, strongly pubescent with long hairs; fruitlets broadly cuneate, more or less strongly compressed, slightly downy with long plumose-pubescent styles. June—July. Coniferous and broadleaf forests, forest margins, waterside thickets, forest meadows, mountainous regions on stony slopes and rock outcrops, and above the timberline. — European part: Kar.-Lap., Lad.-Mm., Dv.- Pech., V.-Kama; W.Siberia: Ob, U. Tob., Irt. (E.), Alt.; E. Siberia: Yenis. (as far north as 70°N.), Ang.-Say., Dau., Lena-Kol.; Centr. Asia: T. Sh., Pam.-Al. (E.). Gen. distr.: Mong. Described from Siberia. Type in London. 2. A.macropetala Ldb., Fl. Alt. II (1830) 376; Fl. Ross. I, 4-5.— Clematis alpina ssp. macropetala O. Ktze., Monogr. Clemat. (1885) 963.—Ic.: Ldb., Icon. pl. nov. (1829) tab.11 genus im. Clematis; Gartfl. (1870) tab. 651. Shrub; stems climbing, woody below, slightly costate, more or less pubescent at the nodes; leaves with long petioles functioning as tendrils, more or less pubescent, biternate or bipinnatisect, the terminal lobe usually tripartite, the lobules ovate or oblong, emarginate or irregularly serrate- margined, lustrous beneath; peduncles long,solitary; flowers nutant; sepals 4, oblong or lanceolate-acuminate, 4—5cm long, with soft hairs on both surfaces, horizontally gaping, blue-purple, before flowering black-violet; petals numerous, oblong or oblong-linear, acuminate, densely soft-pubescent, the outer ones about as long as the sepals, the inner shorter and paler; stamens numerous, the outer ones tortuous at base and broadened at apex, pubescent; anthers linear; fruitlets narrowly cuneate,more or less pubescent with plumose-pubescent styles. May-June. (Plate XX, Figure 7). Rocks and open and shaded stony slopes inconiferous and broadleaf forests. E.Siberia: Dau. (E.); Far East: Ze.-Bu. Gen. distr.: Jap.-Ch., Mong. (E.). Described from Nerchinsk. Type in Leningrad. Note. Species of Atragene are sometimes cultivated as ornamental plants; A.macropetala Ldb. produces outstandingly beautiful flowers. 309 3. A.ochotensis Pall., Fl. Ross. 1 (1784) 69; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 5.— A.platysepala Trautv. et Mey., Fl. ochot. (1856) 5.—A.alpina var. ochotensis Rgl. et Til., Fl. Ajan. (1859) 20.— A. alpina var. platysepala Maxim., Prim. Fl. amur. (1859) 12.— A. ochotensis ssp. coerulenscens Kom. in Not. Syst. H. Bot. Petropol. II, 33 (1921) 1832.-— Clematis ochotensis Poir., Encycl. Meth. Suppl. II (1812) 298.—C.ochotensis ssp. coerulescens Kom., Fl. Kamch. II (1929) 151.— Cialpina ssp. ochotensis O.Ktze., Mon. Clemat. (1885) 163.—C. subtriternata Nakai, Bot. Mag., Tokyo 33 (1919) 49.— Ic.: Kom., Fl. pen. Kamtsch. II, tab. XV. rm (Be) \o 310 Shrub: stems decumbent or climbing; leaves with long petioles functioning as tendrils, 1—3-ternate, their oblong-lanceolate acuminate irregularly serrate lobes covered with sparse hairs; sepals 4—6, violet- blue or violet or azure, broad-elliptic to lanceolate in outline, 3-4cm long, covered with soft hairs; petals linear, more or less strongly spatulately broadened at apex, usually half the length of the sepals, about as long as the stamens, with a long soft pubescence; filaments linear, uniformly pubescent; fruitlets broadly cuneate, compressed, pubescent with long plumose- pubescent styles. June. Coniferous and broadleaf forests, forest margins, and stony slopes. — E, Siberia: Dau., Lena-Kol.; Far East: Ze.-Bu., Uss., Okh., Uda, Kamch., Sakh. Gen. distr.: Jap.-Ch. Described from the Okhotsk area. Type in the British Museum; paratype in Leningrad. Genus 530. CLEMATIS * L.** Sepals 4—8, petaloid, variously colored; petals absent, stamens numerous, often with dilated filaments; achenes numerous; ovary ovule pendulous; styles more or less elongated, usually plumose-pubescent; leaves opposite. Herbaceous annuals or shrubs, usually with climbing, more or less long, rarely erect stems, and with entire, pseudopinnate or ternately dissected leaves. Russian name: lomonos. Economic importance. Most species are cultivated in gardens as ornamentals; various hybrids are described in horticultural literature, but it is not known how these were obtained. 15° "All leavestpinnatisect (bractstexcepted) ialae 2a. 10. coxa See 5. a All leaves entire or the lower entire and the upper pinnatisect ....2. Are SALT ean Ss remti © OMe TUSSI TEES 202) SUSY eet 4. ts Lower leaves entire, the middle and upper pinnatisect .......... 3. 3. Sepals elliptic-lanceolate; lobes of upper pinnate leaves sessile or with a short (1—4mm) petiolule, small (5-10mm long) ......... Utes act, ARM RD |. SOP DN NE |. EMRE SE SEES PPE 6. C.asplenifolia Schrenk. a Sepals oblong; lobes of upper pinnate leaves larger (1-4 cm long), lance-linear, with long (1—2cm) petiolules .................- Socks eR PR Re |, SEER aR RN IE Ne 7. C.ispahanica Boiss. 4. Flowers solitary (rarely 2—3), large, violet or black-purple; sepals toc 4 Glenrl ong oR Ie Sambi lee EEE: 1. C.integrifolia L. 7 Flowers numerous, small, in a compound paniculate inflorescence, white) on yellow; sepals i—2icem long) . ts .. Jae: 5. C.songarica Bge. .. & MMowerssdark brown oriwiolet or redvlarse me... 5122 eee 6. at Flowers white or yellowish, sometimes with a reddish tinge, small . . 5 Gets dike ete oe Ah SR RCE Rae Siete: oe Ue 6. Style short, glabrous in upper part; sepals obovate with a broad pilose MarR niniy ih ied. aie ee, Gee Bae KG WEES AES.4 4, C.viticella L. * From the Greek clema, clematis, a tendril; the name used by Dioscorides for several twining and clinging plants. ** Treatment by I.M.Krasheninnikoy. 311 312 A Style long, plumose-pubescent with grayish brown hairs; sepals ODORS -OVStCEP an... - aA in AMaeie. Grhigkial . ses 5 ee 21 Griusea Turcz. See CE ameee o) ce ME PMs MES wc as ee se sw Metce ce enle os le 8. Sees Cledisnip Or Cecumpent’, Was. 8. TD es on as ww cl ge Leaves thick, rigid, lustrous, with very prominent veins and with long (4—6 cm) narrow linear-lanceolate lobes; sepals densely villous on CRUSE... I Sf Ms oils ope eee en 8. C.hexapetala Pall. Phereecrs Gilicrem, Haoan tae above . 4k OA TIES abe es ae ws 9. Flowers narrowly campanulate, small (to 1.5cm long); leaf lobes small, rhombic (rarely limeer) «2%. . . Secu. t 3. C.aethusifolia Turcz. Biome rs sNV0re GPoLesso wihely Saping es... tee: Lie. yee. we 10. Stem 30—70cm high; leaves almost always bipinnate with small (s—Scar tons) bobes,| fp. Sere, 12. C.pseudoflammula Schmalh. Stem 1—1.5m high; leaves pinnate with large (to 9cm long) lobes Be ease ss = A af ce ee ae tide MRE ofc o's! s OME bP +s Bp. Garecta L. Se palsrOblUusey OCMECUlaly (st wee be il Me si. a a) ain seer 5 cles dete ote. es Sepals More Ord ese SLrGNely aCUNIINAlLE, . . eiwewn ee ole se 8S 14, Leaves bipinnatisect with small lobes ......... 11, C.flammula L. Pe tues piitiate Withwiar ce mOvewy oats Bohs, of gs otal ocelbamee y= 13. Sepals densely pubescent on both surfaces ........ 13. C.vitalba L. Sepals downy only on the outside at the margins .............. “ers See SS GAR, ot eee 10. C.manshurica Rupr. Leaves light or dark green, thin. Plants of the forest zone ..... 15. Leaves gray-green, thick, somewhat fleshy. Plants of the desert and BCMUIGESORtCOMEEI ss. 1 + ae. 5 eee oad eek 17, /C orientalis L. Flowers narrowly campanulate; leaves 2—3-pinnatisect with small rhombic (rarely linear) lobes .......... 3. C.aethusifolia Turcz. Flowers more or less widely gaping; leaves 1—2-pinnatisect or biternate with ovate or ovate-lanceolate or elliptic lobes........ Ge Filaments broad-linear, narrowed only at apex,more or less densely PIS COTILN Ec toe le Se ee Mis sos aw a he eae ss an eas 1 Filaments narrow-linear, glabrous ....... 14, C.brevicaudata DC. Pedicels stout, long, terminal or in leaf axils; flowers solitary. Shrubs with strong profusely branched decumbent stems ........ ies a oc Aer eee NED on 18. C.tangutica (Maxim.) Korsh. Pedicels slender, short; flowers solitary or several together in leaf axils. Shrubs with slender decumbent or climbing stems ...... 18. Beat lobes enjire,trifid or tripartite at thetapex'. . 82... . ss. See oe Ae Rene SINR im: ol ee a PR aA 15. C. glauca Willd. Leaf lobes tripartite and, in addition, irregularly serrate-dentate ... ee gt | 4 Sie ei ae ae ea aren .. 16. C.serratifolia Rehder. Section 1. VIORNA Prantl in Engl. Pflanzenfam. III, 2 (1891) 63.— Flowers cup-shaped, mostly solitary, sepals and stamens erect or ascending; anthers narrow, linear. . C.integrifolia L., Sp. pl. (1753) 544; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 2; Boiss., BErOr:) i; 22s N, Buseh, in: EF). .caue:.crit: «1;; 107. —\Cxvantegrifolaa var. normalis O.Ktze., Monogr. Clemat. (1885) L7G6issle): Jaeg?; ‘Fis austr., tab. 363; Rchb., Ic. Fl. Germ., IV, f.4663.— Exs.: HFR No.1001. 241 (313) Pr AN //) Diu PLATE XX, 1—Clematis orientalis L.; 2—C.songarica Bge.; 3—C.asplenifolia var. boissieriana (Korsh.) H.Krasch; 4—C.vitalba L., flower; 5—C.brevicaudata DC; 6-— C.pseudoflammula Schmalh; 7—Atragene macropetala Ldb.; 8—Clematis fusca Turcz., flower; 9,10 —C.integrifolia L., flower, stamen; 11 -C.manshurica Rupr., fruitlet; 12 — C.aethusifolia Turcz., stamen and fruitlet; 13 -C.pseudoflammula Schmalh., fruitlet. 242 315 Perennial; stem erect, 30-—60cm high, simple or slightly branched, reddish brown, in lower part slightly and in upper part more densely white- pubescent; leaves entire, sessile, oblong-ovate or narrow-lanceolate (var. angustfolia O.Ktze.), coriaceous, with more or less prominent veins, glabrous above, more or less pubescent beneath especially along the veins and at the margins, 5—7cm long; flowers solitary on long or short pedicels, more or less strongly nutant; sepals usually 4, lanceolate, sometimes prolonged at apex into a short point, black-purple or violet at the sides, more or less densely pubescent on the outside. June—July. (Plate XX, Figures 9 and 10). Steppes, scrub, and forest margins. — European part: M.Dnp., U.Dnp. (S.), Bl., V.-Don, L.Don, Transv. (W.), Crim.; Caucasus: Cisc., Dag.; W.Siberia: Irt. (SE), Alt. (W.); E.Siberia: Ang.-Say. (W.); Centr. Mea. Ssikhn., D2u.“Tarb. ~Gem distr.: SE part or Centr. “Hur.)’ Bal.-As. Min., Dzu.-Kash. Described from Hungary. Type in Vienna. 2. C.fusca Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. (1840) 60; Ldb., Fl. Ross. iPeiaer Mawm.,. Prim? -F2. “Amur, “Tl; Kom. Pl: Manchzh ! It; 286 . = C.kamtschatica Bong. in Bull. Sc. Acad. Pétersb. VIII (1841) 339.— C.viorna var. violacea O.Ktze., Monogr. Clemat. (1885) 132.— C.ajanensis O.Ktze., l.c., 176.—Ic.: Gartenfl. (1864) tab. 455; Lav., Clem. tab. 20. Perennial; stem sulcate, weak, to 2m high, climbing, more rarely strong and erect, more or less densely pubescent at nodes; upper leaves sparsely hairy (mainly along the veins, more densely on the petioles), pinnatisect, sometimes with very long petioles functioning as tendrils, the leaf lobes diminishing in size from base to apex of leaf, long-or short-petioled, the lobes greatly varying in shape, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate or ovate, more or less long-acuminate, entire or dentate or more or less deeply dissected into 2—3 lobes; pedicels short, stout, with a dense pubescence of grayish brown hairs, rarely glabrous; flowers nutant; sepals 4—6, dingy violet or grayish brown or red or brown, margins slightly revolute, oblong- ovate, 2—2.5cm long, acuminate, with grayish brown hairs or glabrate above, a whitish pubescence is confined to the margin, glabrous beneath; filaments and dorsal surface of anthers covered with grayish brown hairs; fruitlets compressed, flat, pubescent, with a long grayish brown-yellow style. June— July. (Plate XX, Figure 8). Meadows and waterside forests.— Far East: Ze.-Bu., Okh., Uda, Kamch., Sakh. Gen. distr.: Jap.-Ch. Described from China. Type in Leningrad. Note. This species is distinguished by considerable polymorphism in the degree of pubescence, color of sepals, shape of leaf lobes,etc. Itis separated into the following forms: var. violacea Maxim.~— sepals dingy violet, glabrate beneath, the white pubescence confined to the margins, stems climbing; var. manshurica Rgl.— sepals with a dense pubescence of grayish brown hairs on the outside, stems climbing; var. umbrosa Kom.— sepals grayish brown with black nerves and hairs, leaves thin, flowers solitary with glabrous pedicels, stems climbing; var. ajanensis Rgl. et Til. — stems erect, not tall (30—40cm), simple with 1 or 2 flowers, leaf lobes lanceolate. 243 316 3. C.aethusifolia Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. V (1832) 181; Maxim., Prim. Fl. Amur., 469 et in Mél. biolog. IX, 586; Kom., FI. Manchzh. I, 279.—C.nutans var. aethusaefolia et var. latisecta O.Ktze., Monogr. Clemat. (1885).129.— CC. latisieeta Prantl in Enel) Bot. Jahrb. IX (1888) 258.— Ic.: Gartenfl. (1861) tab. 432. Perennial, covered throughout with rather sparse appressed hairs; stem low, erect, 20-40 cm,more rarely higher, climbing, faceted leaves 2—3- pinnatisect, varying greatly in degree of dissection and in width of terminal lobes, the primary lobes more or less long-petioled, parted into ternate lobules of varying width, these linear to rhombic, broadly cuneate, very densely pubescent beneath, with incised-serrate margin; flowers small, nutant, whitish, narrowly campanulate; sepals 4, oblong, short-acuminate, 1.5-2cm long, with a dense white marginal pubescence beneath; filaments linear, pubescent; fruitlets mostly densely pubescent, flattened with a convex margin; style 1.5-2cm long. July—August. (Plate XX, Figure 12). Gravelly taluses on riverside slopes, dry open rocks.— E.Siberia: Ang.- Say. (southern border area): Farm East: Zez-Bu.. Uss.. Gen..distr a) Ghe, Mong. Described from N.China. Type in Leningrad. Note. In the USSR there occurs a more strongly pubescent broad- leaved form (v. latisecta Maxim.), from which the typical North China form is distinguished by its more compound leaf and narrower lobes. Section 2. VITICELLA Prantl in Engl. Pflanzenfam. III, 2 (1891) 63.— Inflorescence usually paniculate, flowers open, flat, sepals and stamens nutant. 4. CG. viticella ©, Sp. pl. (0753) 543: ldb.. FLY Rose.) (4. meio, El. Or. b22, Ni Busch in Bilicaue:, crit. wl) LOS; M@ okie: one aie Clemat. 136. —jic.: ,Sibthy.etism., Hl.pGrstab_ol 63) Richi fle. bl ecm IV, tab.65, f. 4668.— Russian name: lomonos fioletovyi [violet]. Perennial; stem climbing, slender, faceted, sometimes violet-frutescent, covered with hairs, more densely so at base of petioles; leaves pinnate with more or less distant petiolate ternate lobes, their lobules firm, slightly coriaceous, ovate or orbicular, entire or crenate-dentate or more or less deeply 1—3-partite, drawn out into a short sometimes curved point, with very prominent veins on both surfaces, more densely pubescent beneath; flowers solitary, on long pedicels; sepals dark violet or red, large, to 3cm long,to 2.8 cm broad, obovate with a broad undulate-dentate margin, glabrous above, with a short down beneath; fruitlets flat, densely pubescent, the short style glabrous in upper part. Fl. July. Rocky slopes, scrub, and hedges.— Caucasus: W.Transc. Gen. distr.: W.Med., Bal.-As. Min., Iran. Described from S.Europe. Type in London. Economic importance. Frequently cultivated as an ornamental plant in southern regions of the USSR. 5. C.songarica Bge., Del. Semin. Horti Dorpat. (1839) 8; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I,2.— C. gelberiana Bong. in Bull. Soc. Acad. Pétersb. VII (1841) 338.-C. recta ssp. songarica O.Ktze., Monogr. Clemat. (1885) 112.—Ic.: Bong., 1.c.— Exs.: Fl. turkest. ed. H.B.P. No.12. 244 317 318 Shrub; slightly pubescent or glabrous, 40—90cm high, with an erect whitish costate stem; leaves 3—8(—12)cm long, glaucous green, rather thick, slightly fleshy, rugose-punctate when dry, entire, lanceolate or linear, narrowed at base into petiole, entire (var. integrifolia Trautv.) or more or less serrate-dentate (var. gebleriana O.Ktze.); flowers numerous; small, generally in a profusely branched compound paniculate inflorescence; sepals 1—2cm long, oblong-obovate or elliptic, glabrous above and with a short down beneath, white; filaments narrow-linear, glabrous, as long as or shorter than anthers; fruitlets compressed, densely pubescent; style 2—3cm long, plumose-pubescent. July—August. (Plate XX, Figure 2). Stony slopes and mountain taluses.— Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb., Balkh. (S.), T. Sh., Syr-D., Pam.-Al. Gen. distr.: Mong. Described from Dzungaria. 6. C.asplenifolia Schnrek, Enum. plant. nov. II (1842) 68; Boiss., FI. Pe id. an SON SOFrIGa.var..aspleniftolia et intermedia Trautv., Enum. pl. songor. (1860) 56.— C. boissieriana Korsh. in Bull. Acad. Sc. Pétersb. IX, No.5 (1898) 400.—C. songarica var. boissieriana B. Fedtsch., Consp. fl. turk. I (1905) 1. Perennial undershrub; stem erect, often whitish; leaves rather thick, somewhat coriaceous, the lower and middle leaves large (5—12.cm long), entire, broad-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate or linear- lanceolate in outline, entire or irregularly serrate-dentate, cuneate, sometimes deeply incised, with more or less long petioles; upper (and sometimes also middle) leaves pinnatifid with more or less profusely divided large or small oblong-obovate-lanceolate lobes, entire or apically incised-dentate; terminal lobe larger, oblong-lanceolate, coarsely serrate or incised-dentate or subentire, gradually passing into petioles or confluent with upper lateral lobules, sometimes the upper leaves longer, reclinate, with small lobules on a short petiolule (var. boissieriana (Korsh.) H.Krasch.); flowers small, in a narrow paniculate inflorescence; sepals oblong, whitish, densely short-pubescent beneath or only at the margin; filaments linear, glabrous; fruitlets small, pubescent; style 1.5—2cm long, plumose-pubescent. July—August. (Plate XX, Figure 3). Stony mountain slopes.— Centr. Asia: Balkh., Dzu.-Tarb., T. Sh., Pam.-Al., Amu D., Syr D. Gen. distr.: Afghanistan, Dzu.-Kash. Described from Dzungaria. Type in Leningrad. 7. C.ispahanica Boiss., Diagn. pl. or. nov. ser.I, VI (1845) 3; Boiss., Piz Or. Loo .pseudoorientalis,.O.Kize,, Monogr.,Clemat, (1885) (tiie. Date CCL a. SSp.i Spahanica _O.kize,, 1c. 112. Perennial; stems erect or climbing, in upper part whitish like the branches, costate; leaves coriaceous, rather thick, the lower entire, sometimes with incised-margin, the remainder pinnatisect, sometimes with petioles functioning as tendrils, the upper leaves frequently arcuately recurved, the lobes more or less distant, the lateral lobes 1—4cm long, lance- linear or linear, else 3—5-lobuled or entire with only few obscure denticles, with long (1—2cm) petiolules; flowers small, in a long branched peniculate inflorescence; sepals yellowish white, elliptic-lanceolate, down beneath at the margin, sometimes over the whole surface; fruitlets compressed, 245 319 pubescent; style 3—4cm long, with a shorter plumose pubescence at the apex. July—August. Scrub on steppe slopes.— Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. (Kopet Dagh). ~ Gen. distr.: Iran. Described from S.Iran. Cotype in Leningrad. 8. C.hexapetala Pall., Reise III, Anhang (1772) 735 (non L. fil. Suppl. ph. syst. ves. 1781).— C. ampustifolia DC., Prodrs 1 (824) amen Jacq.; Ldb., Pl. Ross. I, 23. aurez.; El. baic..dahur 7 0, (245) eominemsiees Manchzh., II, 282.—C.lasiantha Fisch. in DC., Syst. 1(1818) 154.= C gmelini L., Syst. nat. 1 (1791) 873.— les: Pall. doe. tae ee Vernacular name: Kopylovnik. Perennial— stem erect, strong, faceted, 30—70cm high; leaves short- petioled, ternate or 1—2-pinnately dissected into linear or linear-lanceolate acuminate more or less coriaceous lobes with very prominent veins, glabrous or covered with sparse hairs; flowers solitary or in a terminal compound corymbiform inflorescence; sepals 4—8, 2—2.5cm long, obcuneate or oblong-obovate, rounded at the apex, white or yellowish with a sericeous tomentum on the outside; filaments glabrous. June—July. Steppe and frequently stony slopes, shrub thickets, riverside alluvial deposits and neglected fields.— E.Siberia:. Ang.-Say. (Baikal area), Dau.; Far East: Ze.-Bu., Uss. Gen. distr.: Jap.-Ch., Mong. Described from Transbaikalia (Dauria). Type in Leningrad. 9.°Clrecta’L.; "Sp. pl! (753) 767: db. FI" Ross. fb "22 Borsa ne Or. 1,935 schimals., Fi." ly 4;N. Busch ta hl, caves crim. a. slWom C.recta var. normalis O/Ktze., Monogr: Clem. (1605) 11t.9a-ne— C.lathyrifolia Bess. ex Rchb., Fl. Germ. excurs. (1831) 134.—Ic:.: Jacq., El. austr., tab. 2915 Rehb., Ic. Fl Germ, IV, & 4o647(cue em GC egecta hi). thas.) Hm Ego. anit. Perennial; stem erect, herbaceous, finely sulcate, short-pubescent in upper part (more densely so at the nodes); leaves somewhat azure-green, pinnate, with sulcate glabrous or slightly pubescent petioles; leaflets 2—4 pairs, more or less distant, short-petioled, ovate, large (to 9cm long), acuminate, cuneately or slightly cordate, usually entire, with prominent veins beneath, glabrous and darker above; flowers numerous, in a compound corymbiform inflorescence; sepals 4,milky white, small, 8—15mm long, narrow-ovate or oblong-obcuneate, with a narrow border of short down beneath, glabrous above; anthers glabrous; fruitlets glabrate, compressed, with a rather short plumose-pubescent style. June—July. Scrub, forests, and river valleys.— European part: Bl., U. Dnp., U.V., V. Kama. Transv. (?), M. Dnp., V.-Don, L. Don, Crim.; Caucasus: Cise., EH. Transe. Gen. distr. W. Med.) Centres Hur BalvoAc ain (W.). Described from Central Europe. Type in London. 10. C.manschurica Rupr. in Bull. phys.-math. Acad. Pétersb. XIV (1857) 514; Maxim., Prim. Fl. Amur. 10; Kom., Fl. Manchzh., II, 282.— C.recta var. mandshurica Maxim. inMél. biolog. IX (1876) 594; O. Ktze., Monogr. Clemat., 114.— Ic.: Mém. Acad. Sc. Petersb., s. VII, 4, tab. 2 (1861). Perennial; stems decumbent or climbing on surrounding shrubs by means of tendril-like petioles, branched, costate, herbaceous; leaves 246 pinnatisect with distant entire or ternately dissected primary lobes, their lobules sessile or petiolate, slightly coriaceous, lance-ovate, cuneate or cordate, short-acuminate, with very prominent veins and sparse hairs beneath, the upper leaves frequently ternate; flowers small, numerous, in terminal or axillary inflorescences; pedicels with small narrow bracts; sepals white, oblong, to 1.5cm long, more or less strongly tapering toward base, with a dense white pubescence atthe margin beneath; anthers linear, glabrous; fruitlets compressed, glabrous, with a thickened margin; style to 3cm long. July—August. (Plate XX, Figure 11). Dry slopes, forest margins, shrub thickets, sparse broadleaf forests, meadows, and sandy riverbanks.— Far East: Ze.-Bu., Uss. Gen. distr.: Jap.-Ch. Described from Manchuria. Type in Leningrad. 11. C.flammula L., Sp. pl. (1753) 544; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 3; Boiss., 2). Or alata eN Boesch inel), ccauc:) exits: Tikq1 08: :©icrecta ssp. flammula O.Ktze., Monogr. Clemat. (1885) 115.—Ic.: Rchb., Ic. Fl. Germ. IV, tab.63, f. 4666. Perennial; stem climbing, weak, costate; leaves bipinnatisect, their lobes small, ovate or oblong, entire or 2—3-lobuled; flowers small, numerous, in a more or less elongate paniculate inflorescence; sepals 4—10mm long, white, oblong, obtuse, short-pubescent at the margin on the outside; filaments glabrous; fruitlets glabrous or pubescent; style to 2cm long, with a shorter pubescence at the apex. June—July. Scrub and forests, climbing high into trees.— Caucasus: W.Transc. Gen. distr.: Med., Bal.-As. Min., Iran. (Afghanistan, W. Baluchistan), N. Africa. Described from S.Europe. Type in London. 12. C.pseudoflammula Schmalh. ex Lipsky in Zap. Kievsk. Obshch. Estestv. XII (1894) 230; Shmal'g., Fl. I (1895) 4; N. Busch in Fl. cauc. erity Illy 109; — Ci.;flamm ula, M-eB,,) Fl. taur.-cauc. (HH, 21;. WI, 377, non L.— Vernacular name: zhigunets. Perennial; stem erect, strong, more or less flexuous in upper part, herbaceous, 30—60cm high, finely costate, slightly pubescent; leaves bipinnatisect with rounded faceted more or less strongly pubescent petioles, their lobes oblong-ovate or oblong-linear, small, 1—3 (rarely to 5)cm long, entire or more or less deeply bipartite, glabrous, or slightly pubescent, with very prominent veins beneath; sepals whitish, narrowly obcuneate, 10—15cm long, with a short-pubescent stripe at the margin beneath; anthers glabrous; fruitlets flat, laterally concave in central part with a thickened margin; style long, plumose-pubescent. June—July. (Plate XX, Figure 6). Steppes, steppe slopes, among steppe shrubs, sometimes in cultivated and unused fields.— European part: Bl., L. Don; Caucasus: Cisc., Dag. Endemic. Described from the Northern Caucasus. Type in Leningrad. 320 13. C.vitalba L., Sp. pl. I1(1753) 544; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 3; Boiss., Fl...Or. I,.4; O.Ktze., Menogr. Clemat., 99; N. Busch in \Fl,,eaue, crit. Wh Gaddigsciess: Daeqge, oF, austr.,« tabs308; Rehb.,Ies, FlisGerm., JV; if. 4667. Perennial; stem tall, climbing, with strongly pronounced ribs,more or less strongly pubescent at the nodes; leaves with long petioles often functioning as tendrils, imparipinnate, usually with 2 pairs of more or less 247 321 distant lobes and a terminal lobe, the lobes short-petioled, ovate, rarely entire, more often with large teeth or rather deeply cleft into irregular lobules, with sparse hairs on both surfaces especially along the veins; flowers numerous, in a compound corymbiform inflorescence, with small leaflets subtending in ramifications; sepals small, to 10mm long, oblong, obtuse, white, with a dense white tomentum on both surfaces; anthers glabrous. Fl. June—July. (Plate XX, Figure 4). Forests, shrubs, and stony slopes.— European part: Crim.: Caucasus: Cise.. W., S., and E. TransemiGen® distr: 2 Atinmurs Meds Bal.-As. Min. Described from Europe. Type in London. 14. C.brevicaudata DC., Syst. 1 (1818) 138 et in Prodr. I (1824) 3; Maxim. in Mél. biolog. IX, 562; Kom., Fl. Manchzh., II, 7A. —= Ie: Schneid., Ill. Handb. Laubh. 1, f.191; Gard: et\Porest.9V (1892) 139. Shrub; stems climbing, numerous, forming dense entanglements; leaves pinnate, their lower lobes ternately parted, the remainder entire, the lobules ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate, their margins sinuate-serrate, with veins concave above, convex beneath, usually glabrous, more rarely slightly pilose; flowers small, in elongated many~- flowered inflorescence; pedicels more or less pubescent; sepals white or straw-colored, to 1.5cm long, pubescent on the outside; filaments glabrous; fruitlets slightly compressed, more or less strongly pubescent; style to 3cm long. July. (Plate XX, Figure 5). Shrub thickets, forest margins, riverbanks, and stony slopes.— Far East: Ze.-Bu., Uss. Gen. distr.: Jap.-Ch., Mong. (W.). Described from China. Type in Geneva. 15. C. glauca Willd., Herb. Baumzucht (1796) 65; Ldb., Fl. Alt. I, 373; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 3.—C.daurica Pers., Synops. II (1807) 99.— C.davurica Ldb., Fl. Ross. 1(1842) 4.—C.orientalis Kryl., Fl. Zaps Sib, V,459 non la fe sy Walldngalines astral tome sks Shrub; stem climbing, costate, sometimes reddish lilac, glabrate or with a short down, 2—5m long; leaves blue-green, 1—2-pinnatisect, with long slender petioles functioning as tendrils; primary lobes with long slender petioles, either entire, ovate or elliptic, or longer and lance-linear, more rarely the lobes trifid or tripartite, with ovate and lanceolate 1—4-cm long lobules; flowers yellowish white or greenish white, frequently reddish on the outside, in smallish paniculate inflorescences borne in the axils of leaves; sepals ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, with a dense short down at the margins, glabrous or glabrate on the outside, sometimes pubescent on the inside, 1.5—2cm long; fruitlets flattened, pubescent; style plumose, 3-—9cm long. July—August. Steppe shrub thickets, stony slopes along rivers and meadow riparian thickets.— W. Siberia: Alt., Irt. (SE); S.Siberia: Ang.-Say.; Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb., T. Sh. Gen. distr.: Mong., China. Described from Altai. Type in Berlin. Note. We have restored this species, which was earlier described by Willdenow, sinceitis satisfactorily distinguished from C.orientalis L. In fact, they may be confused only in Tien Shan,i.e. in an area where the two species grow in the same habitat and are probably linked by transitional forms. 248 16. C.serratifolia Rehder in Mitt. deutsch. Dendrolog. Gesell. (1910) 248 et in Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Horticult. (1914) 798.-C.orientalis var. serrata Maxim. et var. wilfordi Maxim. in Mél. biolog., IX (1876) 583. —C. intricata var. C. wilfordi etvar. serrata Kom., Fl. Manchzh, 1(1901) 289.—C. serrata Kom. etC. wilfordi Kom. inKom. and Alis., Opred. rast. Dal'nevost. kr., I (1931) 549.—Ic.: Kom. and Alis., l.c., tab.168 (sub C. wilfordi Kom.). Shrub; stems more or less long, climbing and profusely branched or decumbent and simple; leaves ternately parted, their petioles long, slender, sometimes functioning as tendrils; leaf lobes ovate-lanceolate or ovate-elongate, long-acuminate, irregularly serrate-dentate with few (2—3) incisions; flowers few, 1—5 per node,more or less widely horizontally gaping, smallish, on long pedicels; sepals ovate-elongate or elliptic, to 2cm long, acuminate, arachnoid-villous beneath and at the margins; filaments long-ciliate below, slightly dilated toward base; fruitlets pubescent, compressed, cuneately tapering toward base. August—September. Mostly thickets in open localities with stony gray soil, river pebbles, and waterside scrub.— Far East: Uss. Gen. distr.: Korea. Type in the Arnold Arboretum. Note. Besides the form with a climbing stem found in shady habitats, in open places there is a form with decumbent slightly branched stems and solitary flowers, with sepals densely pubescent on the outside (var. wilfordi Maxim.).* ii. .erientalis,L.,..Sp.. pl. 1(1753) 543;, Ldb.,,Fl. Ross 1,.3; Boiss., Peete ts a oamalio M1. 1 4: N.Busch-in Fl. cauc. crit... Ii, 112 ,.— C.longecaudata Ldb., Fl. Ross. I (1842) 3.—Ic.: Dillen., Hort. Bitham.. tab; 119, f,145.— Exs.;..Herb. Fl..cauc..No.119;, H. F.A.M. No.134. Perennial, more or less densely crisp-pubescent or glabrate throughout; stem climbing, costate, sometimes reddish; leaves pinnatisect, light gray- greenish, slightly thickish and rigid, greatly varying in shape, width, and degree of dissection of the ovate or oblong or lanceolate or linear primary lobes, these are usually ternately dissected into 2 short lateral and a longer median lobule, the lobules entire or dentate, obtuse or apiculate; flowers in smallish paniculate inflorescences, in axils of leaves; sepals 4, yellowish, often reddish on the outside, with a short tomentum on both surfaces (denser on the inside and at the margins), oblong-lanceolate or narrowly ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate, frequently hamately curved at the apex, 1.5—2.5cm long; fruitlets compressed, with a thickened edge, pubescent; style 5—-10cm long; filaments dilated toward base, more or less pubescent. Fl. July—August. (Plate XX, Figure 1). Riverbanks, riparian forests, scrub, gullies, slopes, and sand depressions in the semidesert and desert zones.— European part: L.V., Crim.; Caucasus — Cisc., Dag., S., E., and W.Transc.; Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh., Karak, kKy2. K.. Min. Turkm.,.Amu D.,.,.Pam.-Al,.S5yrD,;,, T. Sh. Gen. distr.: E. Med., Bal.-As. Min. (E.), Iran, Baluchistan, Tib., Mong., China. Described from China. Type in London. * These are undoubtedly two different species.— V.Komarov. 249 323 324 18. C.tangutica (Maxim.) Korsh. in Bull. Acad. Sc. Pétersb. IX, No.5 (1898) 575.- C. orientalis var. tangutica Maxim., Fl. tangut. 1 (1889) 3.—Ic.: Bot. Mag. tab. 710 (1900); Maxim., Rev. hort. LXXIV (1900) 528. Shrub; stem profusely branched, decumbent (rarely erect or climbing), the branches straight, often reddish, angularly costate, pubescent; leaves pinnatisect, glabrous, light green, with few more or less distant lobes, these ovate or ovate-lanceolate in outline, serrate or incised, usually ternate, the lateral lobes short, sometimes tapering into short petiolules, the terminal lobe larger, more or less long-acuminate; flowers terminal or at the nodes, solitary, large, on long pedicels; sepals light yellow, ovate, slightly white- pubescent on the outside, more densely so on the inside, with an even denser white tomentum at the margin; filaments flat, densely ciliate in lower part, almost smooth above; fruitlets compressed, pubescent, with a long white- pubescent beak. July—August. Stony slopes, taluses, and pebbles of river valleys in the upper mountain zones.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. (E.), T. Sh. (E.). Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash., Mong. Described from Tibet. Type in Leningrad. Genus 311. MYOSURUS * L.** L., Sp. pl. (1753) 284. Sepals 5, pale yellow, deciduous, with a short subulate basal spur; petals 5, in the form of nectaries with a narrow oblong-ovate lamina, with a nectar pit at its base, passing into a long filiform claw; stamens 5—29, 1-seeded nutlets numerous, triquetrous, crowded on receptacle which greatly elongates in fruit. Small annuals with entire leaves. 1. M.minimus L., Sp. pl. I (1753) 284; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 26; Boiss., EY, Or. ¥, 19; Shmal’s))> Fl." Leta. Ns Busch in hls cave. crit tliememiete Kryl., FIs Zap. sib. Volts. — lev: Webbs, Ici Fl. Germ: stipe toed a= tac. HFR No. 402. Annual, small (2—10cm), glabrous; roots filiform,numerous; radical leaves narrow-linear, obtuse, gradually tapering into petioles; scapes arising from leaf axils, 1-flowered, as long as or longer than leaves; sepals whitish green; petal-nectaries whitish yellow, 2.5—3.5mm long; beak of fruitlet short, erect, directed upward. Fl. April to mid-June. Cultivated and neglected fields, roadsides, ditches, gully slopes, pastures in the forest zone,meadows and mochezhinat and in the steppe and semi- steppe zones where water stagnates in spring; locally in masses. — European part: all regions (except the far (arctic) north); Caucasus: Cisc:, St Transc., VTall.;°W. Siberia. U. Lob: Ob (>): Irt.. Ali Cente Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh., Mtn. Turkm. Gen. distr.: throughout Europe (except the Arctic), N. Am., N.Afr., Aust. Described from Europe. Type in London. * From the Greek myos, a mouse,and ura, a tail. ** Treatment by I.M.Krasheninnikoy. t [Permanently wetland resulting from outflow of underground water. ] 250 Genus 532. . CERATOCEPHALUS * MOENCH.** Moench, Meth. (1794) 218.— Subgen. Ceratocephalus Prantl in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. IX (1887) 265. Perianth double, with 5 sepals; petals yellow, with a basal nectariferous gland covered with scales; fruitlets massive, producing a compact oblong or elongated cylindrical head, firmly united with receptacle, with 2 basal hollow protuberances, produced into a long lanceolate beak. Small annuals with palmatipartite leaves and slender roots; leaf lobes linear. Po em Ol rmitles almost Straight: ii... 4 alae cles. ays 1. C.orthoceras DC. + Beak of fruitlet ensiformly curved from base ..... 2. C.falcatus Pers. 1. C.orthoceras DC., Syst. I1(1818) 231; Prodr. I, 26; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 26; Boiss., Fl. Or. I, 58.—'C. glaber (Beck.) Janisch., Zam. po fl. El't, (1926) 6.— Ranunculus orthoceras Benth. et Hook. ex Shmal'g. I1(1886) 14.—R.testiculatus M.B., Fl. taur.-cauc. III (1819) 386.— Peas eeat as MB) 1. c.; 1. p.29)- non Pers.— lIe:: Stev. mm Bul. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXV (1852) tab. VII, b., Janisch., l.c. tab.1. Annual, small, 1—7cm high, with dense white hairs or almost tomentose- lanate, more rarely glabrous (var. glaber Beck.); leaves palmately 3- parted into entire or 2—3-lobuled lobes; peduncles as long as or longer than leaves, arising from axils of leaves; stamens 5—15; receptacle long- cylindric; fruitlets pilose, with an almost straight beak not hamately recurved at apex. March—May. Steppes and deserts, clayey and sandy soil, dry slopes, and pebbly and solonetzic places; sometimes as a weed in fields.— European part: M. Dnp., V.-Don, Transv., Bl., Crim., L.Don., L.V.; Caucasus: all regions; W.Siberia: Irt., Alt.: Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh., Dzu.-Tarb., Kyz. Ky ieara Mia? Turke’.,Aniu D:,5Syr'D., Pam.-Al., T. Sh. ’'‘Gen: distr.: Centr. Eur., Bal.-As. Min., Arm.-Kurd., Iran. Described from the Crimea. Type in Geneva. 2. C.falcatus Pers., Syn. (1805) 341; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 26; Boiss., Fl. Or. I, 58.—C.incurvus Stev. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXI (1848) 269.—C.platyceras Stev., l.c. (1848) 269.—C.leiocarpus Stev., l.c., (1848) 269.—Ic.: Jacq., Fl. Austr. Ic. 1(1773) tab.48; Rchb., Fl. Germ. III (1838-1839) f. 4570; Stev. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXV (1852) tab. VII, f.7 (sub nom. C.incurvus, C.falcatus, C. platyceras, C.leiocarpus); Janisch., Zam. po fl. El't. (1926) t.I, f.2. Annual, small, lanate, resembling the preceding species, from which it is distinguished by the broader falcately curved and apically hamate beak of the densely pilose or glabrate fruitlets; peduncles as long as or longer than the leaves; entire plant densely lanate, sometimes glabrate (var. vulgaris Boiss.) as also the fruitlets; beak of fruitlets falcately curved from base, rather broad (var. vulgaris Boiss.) or else rather narrow, more or less straight from the base and curved from the middle; the entire plant densely pilose (var. incurvus Boiss.). March-April. Dry slopes, steppes, sandy and argillaceous deserts, and weed-infested places.— European part: L.V., Crim.; Caucasus: all regions: Centr. Asia: "Ar?-Casp:, Balkh.; Dau.-Tarb:, ‘Kara Ky Kyz. Ki; Mtn. Turkm.:, 325 ** From the Greek cerato, horny and cephale, a head. * Treatment by P.N.Ovchinnikov. 251 Amu D., Syr. D., Pam.-Al., T. Sh. Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur., Med., Bal.- As. Min., Iran, Ind.-Him. Described from Europe. Type in London. Note. This ephemeral annual shows extremely great variation. On this basis Steven (Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXI, 1848, p. 269) separated as distinct species: C.leiocarpus Stev. from the Lower Volga region (var. vulgaris Boiss.— see above); C.incurvus Stev. (var. incurvus Boiss.) with pubescent fruitlets and with beak straight from base, curved from the middle — from the Crimea and Transcaucasia; C.platyceras Stev., closely related to the preceding, with peduncles nearly as long as the leaves (in C.incurvus the peduncles are longer than the leaves). D.E.Yanishevskii (1.c.) corroborates the independence of these forms and describes as a separate species,C. glaber (ites) which, unlike the other forms, can poison grazing animals. Genus 533. OXYGRAPHIS * BGE.** Bge., Suppl. Alt. (1836) 46; Freyn in Flora XLV (1887) 136-142. Perennials, sepals 5,more or less coriaceous, persistent in fruit, firmly embracing the fruiting head; petals (nectaries) 10—15, oblong-linear or linear; stamens numerous, with short almost round anthers; fruitlets numerous, clustered on a hemispheric receptacle into a compact oval head, cartilaginous-coriaceous, dorsally somewhat compressed, with few (to 5) prominent small oblong ribs on each side, and above the middle a straight acuminate-subulate upright beak appearing as a continuation of the vein which is sharply pronounced on the keel. Small high-mountain, mainly Middle Asian plants, reaching the Himalayas in the south and Kamchatka in the northeast, with characteristic crowding of leaves at base of short straight peduncles; creeping shoots absent. 326 1. Leaves entire;. fruitlets without a conspicuous border; flowers yellowsmtany-petaledpe | hs". Ae fener. 1. O.glacialis (Fisch.) Bge. ar Leaves tripartite and trifid; fruitlets with nannowly winged borders; flowenssned or pink; S-petaledaary: . <5.) sgt 2 sete Gee eee 2. 2. Radical leaves parted into deeply separated petiolate segments; sepals usually covered with dark grayish brown hairs; flowers purple or pink tik city Meicipiel oho VE Serene canna ih aan. eeey by Helieuavaeatal Mes ret a 2. O.vulgaris Freyn. ate Radical leaves more or less deeply parted into trilobate or subentire sessile segments; sepals usually covered with glossy rusty-rufous hainss showers soumplled Geis ees ree 3. O.chamissonis (Schlecht.) Freyn. Subgenus 1. EU-OXYGRAPHIS Freyn in Flora XLV (1887) 140; Prantl in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. IX (1888) 262.— Leaves entire or lobate; petals numerous, yellow; fruitlets without borders. Note. Of the 3 or 4 species of this subgenus, O.maximoviczii (Pamp.) Ovez., O. polypetala Hook. and possibly one or two as yet undescribed species are confined to the Himalayas and Tibet; only O.glacialis Bge. has a wider distribution area. It is encountered in * From the Greek oxis, acute and grapho, I write. ** Treatment by P.N.Ovchinnikov. 252 327 the high mountains of Central Asia and Siberia as far as Kamchatka and Arctic Siberia. 1. O.. glacialis (Fisch.) Bge. in Supplem. Alt. (1836) 46; Ldb., FI. Mase, i; e4-oKom.2°P li Kamch.’ HW, 1493 cKryl:,) Flo Zap. Sib: V,; 1174. — Ficaria glacialis Fisch. ex DC., Prodr. I (1824) 44.-Caltha glacialis Spreng., Syst. II (1825) 660.— Ranunculus kamtschati- cus DC., Prodr. I (1824) 43.— Caltha camtschatica Spreng., Syst. II (1825) 660. Perennial, small, 1.5—6cm high, quite glabrous, acaulescent, with a short ascending rootstock, its distal part covered with decayed petioles, with a bundle of long cordlike roots; the solitary peduncles strong, straight, rather stout, arising from base of plant; all leaves radical, their petioles about as long as the blades, broadened at base and with a basal membranous margin, the blade slightly fleshy, orbicular or broad-ovate or elliptic- oblong, obtuse, cuneate, 1—2cm long and as broad or slightly narrower, entire or with obscure obtuse teeth; flowers solitary,to 1.5—2cm in diameter; sepals 5, persistent in fruit, coriaceous, broad-ovate, obtuse, firmly appressed to and only slightly shorter than fruiting head, 5—8(9)mm long, 4—6mm broad, with conspicuous nerves, glabrous; petals 11-15, oblong-elliptic or narrowly oblong, obtuse, 6-7mm long,ca. 1.5mm broad, 3—5-nerved, with a slightly concave, sometimes obscure basal nectariferous pit, tapering into an elongated claw one-third as long as the limb; stamens numerous, half as long as petals; anthers small, almost round; fruitlets numerous, inserted firmly at the base of the broad hemispheric alveolate receptacle, glabrous, oblong-elongate-elliptic, convex on the outside, flattish on the inside and concave, especially dorsally, with 5 small prominent acute ribs, tapering to a straight or somewhat curved subulate dark lilac acuminate beak with a slightly homate tip. June-July. (Plate XXXIV, Figure 1). Gravel-and-lichen and stony tundra, damp alpine stone fields, banks of alpine streams, alpine glades, and sometimes on snowy patches; to a height of 4,800m (in Pamir).— Arctic: Arc. Sib., Arc. Eur. (N. Urals), Chuk.; W.Siberia: Alt.: E.Siberia: Ang.-Say., Dau.; Far East: Kamch.; Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb., Pam.-Al., T. Sh. Gen. distr.: Mong., Kashgaria- Mongolia. Described from Altai. Type in Leningrad. Note. Plants from Central Asia are distinguished from Altai-Siberian plants by their larger sepals, longer petals, and narrower leaves. In some plants from Central Asia (from the Alai Range) the petals were much wider. More material may make it possible to recognize the Central Asian plants as a distinct variety. Subgenus 2. CRYMODES A.Gray in Proceed. Americ. Acad. Arts a. Sc. (1886) 365; Freyn in Flora XLV (1887) 140.— Leaves compound-lobate; petals 5, white or purple or red; fruitlets with winged borders. Note. Besides O. vulgaris Freyn and O.chamissonis Freyn, this subgenus alsoincludesO. andersoni Freyn fromthe mountains of North America. Freyn's inclusion of Ranunculus schaftoanus (Aitsch. et Hemsl.) Boiss., is entirely unfounded. In fact, it appears that he had not actually seen this species of Ranunculus, but in referring it to Oxy- graphis,relied on an erroneous description by Aitchinson and Hemsley. 253 328 2. O. vulgaris Freyn in Flora XLV (1887) 141.— Ranunculus glacialis L., Sp. pl. (1753) 777; DCe, Erode. 1,40; edits aul lesaiocem I, 31; non Oxygraphis olacialis Bee, = les) beh. lc. Ei Geanar Ill, tab. 1%, £. 4584; Dep) 1Osteni), Hayek, led pligalo.- ii2neiaion 225 Perennial, 5-15cm high; stems erect or ascending, 1- to few-flowered, sulcate, glabrous or with sparse somewhat rufous hairs; leaves radical, petiolate, glabrous; petioles with proximally broadened scarious sheaths becoming somewhat rufous-grayish brown-haired higher up; leaf blade 3-parted into petiolate or almost petiolate trisected segments with slightly dentate lobes; lower cauline leaves sessile or subsessile, deeply tripartite, the upper sessile, 3—5-parted into oblong-elliptic lobes; flowers to 1.6— 2.5cm in diameter, purple or pink, rarely white; petals 6—8; sepals ovate, more or less acuminate, densely covered with dark rufous-dark-brown hairs to 8-9mm long; petals broad-obovate, slightly sinuate or slightly crenate, to 0.9-1.3cm long; fruitlets 3-—4mm long, obliquely oblong-ovate, laterally compressed, margins with membranous wings, especially toward apex, the border gradually passing into a basally straight, distally somewhat curved beak. July—August. (Plate XXXIV, Figure 2). Damp soil, near springs, bottom of high-altitude snow lakelets,etc.; in the Arctic zone and in the alpine mountain zone.— Arctic: Arc. Eur.; European part: Kar.-Lap. Gen. distr.: Arc., Scand., Centr. Eur. Described from Lapland. Type in London. 3. O.chamissonis (Schlecht.) Freyn in Flora XLV (1887) 141.— Ranunculus chamissonis Schlecht., Animadvers. bot. I (1819) 12; Ldbea, Hie Rossel 13lsekKom.. hliii | ing jelous Dzu.-Kash., Mong., Jap.-Ch. Described from Siberia. Type in Leningrad. Note. The plant from North America described by Pursh as R. cymba- laria was distinguished by De Candolle from the Asiatic plants (Ro cymbalaria var. americanus OC Proriqs | (Ol. ulema sy However, following the discovery of Adam's original description and even with the aid of Ledebour, the Asiatic and American plants were only recently distinguished. In R.cymbalaria the leaf blade is cordate-notched, more rounded, uniformly crenate-margined, the petals are somewhat different and the peduncles 2 or 3-flowered. All these differences were noted in 1921 by Printz, who made a detailed morphological comparison between this plant and the American R.(Halerpestes) cymbalaria. Halerpestes salsuginosa varies greatly within its extensive Asiatic distribution area and also in its dimensions and in the shape and type of incision of the leaves. A careful investigation may reveal a group of heterogeneous varieties. Mention should also be made of the dwarf high- mountain form of this species recorded by Hooker (var. a1 pain ae 2. A.ruthenica (Jacq.) Ovez. comb. nova.— Oxygraphis planta- ginifolia Prantl in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. IX (1888) 263.— Ranunculus plantaginifolius Murr. in Nov. Comment. Goetting. VIII (1777) 39; Ldb.ckl. Ross. 1 33) Sh ut he ni euis acqs,. Hort. avindob. ells (1776) SIS Godley IM Zeon side Wy LUCE i Sal sw eiiie sus DIC, IPisoche. | (1824) 33, non Pall.—Ic.: Jacq., Hort. Vindob. Il (1776) tab. 31; Murr. in Nov. Comment. Goetting. VIII, tab.2. Exs.: HFR No.1205 (sub nom. Ranunculus plantaginifolius Murr.). Perennial, to 13—20(25)cm high; scapes remotely appressed-pilose; above-ground creeping shoots long (15—70cm) slender; roots in the form of a bundle of elongated cordlike fibers; leaves radical except for several leaves on shoots, long-petioled, the leaf blade ovate or elliptic, coriaceous, cuneate or rounded, rarely somewhat cordate, with 3, rarely 5, broad rounded teeth at the apex, the middle tooth larger, 1.5—4cm long, to 0.6— 256 332 2.5cm broad, considerably shorter than the slightly pubescent or glabrous petioles; peduncles erect, strong, rather stout, simple, 1-flowered, rarely slightly branched, 2 or 3-flowered, mostly with one entire or subentire small sessile linear bracteole borne at the bifurcation; flowers to 2—2.5cm in diameter, golden yellow; tepals 5, ovate, obtuse, pubescent on the outside, late-deciduous, 7-9mm long, 3—5mm broad; petals 7—12, longer than tepals, oblong-obovate, with prominent nerves, 8-13mm long, 4-5mm broad; anthers short, elliptic or rounded-elliptic; fruiting head globose- oval, 10—11mm long, 8mm wide; receptacle pilose; fruitlets numerous, densely crowded, small, to 3—3.1mm long, glabrous, obovate, narrowed toward base, inequilateral, laterally compressed with a convex ventral side, with up to 12 prominent longitudinal veins more developed on one side, the beak straight or curved, erect to 0.5—0.7mm, often apically hamate. June—August. (Plate XXXIV, Figure 5). Damp solonchak and boggy meadows, solonchaks, and solonetzic lake- shores.— W.Siberia: Irt., Alt.; E.Siberia: Ang.-Say., Dau. Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash., Mong. Described from Siberia. Genus 535. FICARIA* DILL.** Dill. ex Haller, Enum. stirp. Helvet. I (1742) 321; Adans., Fam.II (1763) 509.— Subgen. Ficaria Boiss., Fl. Or. I (1857) 20. Sepals 3, yellowish white or yellowish-greenish, finely scarious, glabrous; petals 8—12, linear-oblong or elliptic, with a basal nectariferous gland covered with scales; stamens and styles numerous; stigma sessile; embryo monocotyledonous;t fruitlets more or less rounded, inflated, with a tuberclelike compressed beak, often narrowly attenuate at base. Perennial herbaceous plants with fleshy tuberous roots and entire somewhat fleshy leaves; stems often abbreviated, abundantly covered below with scarious leaf sheaths. Russian name: chistyak. Four out of 5—6 species of the genus Ficaria, whose main natural habitat is the Mediterranean region, are encountered in the USSR; only one of these, F.verna, is widely distributed. 1. Petals narrow-oblong or linear, to 1—2mm broad; fruitlets glabrous. ps ea eT ONE TEIAESECNEET Se oe srs Sct, nine ass as bk t ge he paki epe Mie Mom puke 2. + Petals elongate-elliptic or elliptic, to 4—7mm broad, bright yellow; PCUiet Snore OF TOSS DUGCSCEME onc sie ge eye Sue Stee oye me we ws 3. 2. Leaves cordate, lobate-cleft at the margin, mostly with 3-toothed lobes; Stems abbreviated, usually not lonper than the leaves . 5... . es. ene is soe. Spina carne bebe an tebe 4. F.ficarioides (Bory et Shaub.) Hal. 52 Leaves cuneate or rounded-truncate or with a small incision hidden by the overlapping lower projections of the leaf, entire, often broadly and obtusely crenate at the margin; peduncles deflexed after flowering pe oe er ete etal i ar eae in at te 3. F.fascicularis Koch. * From the Latin word ficus, a fig tree or fig, referring to the shape of the thickened tuberous roots. ** Treatment by P.N.Ovchinnikov. t In Sterck's opinion, the single cotelydon is due to the fusion of two cotyledons, as is the case in other “tuberiferous" genera (for example, Corydalis). 257 3. Leaves cordate-ovate in outline, the basal lobes overlapping or approximate, stem little developed, peduncles often almost radical. Plants usually without proliferating tubercles in leafaxils ........ Re DBE EE SURE LDR IER (aon atta aig Ronn cee aniva ane oat me 2. F.calthifolia Rchb. + Leaves rounded-cordate or (especially the upper) triangular-cordate in outline, with a broad notched uncovered base, and mostly remote basal lobes, mostly notched, often angularly crenate at the margin; stems developed, usually branched, with several flowers ......... LONE TEE SE, BEET. Aenea 8, 0 EP aaa Wht agente 1. F.verna Huds. 1. F.verna Huds., Fl. Angl. ed. I (1762) 214.— F. ranunculoides Moench, Meth. (1794) 2153; DC.;°Prodr? 144, —"F ev ulearrs Rupprus 6 ex Rupr., Fl. Cauc. 1(1869) 97.— Ranunculus ficaria L., Sp. pl (1753) 550, 774; Ldb., FI. Ross. I, 30) (excl. var..6); Boiss.) Bl Ora. 24; Schmal'g., Fl. I, 10 (excl. var. calthaefolia); Busch in Fl. cauc. cerita ill, «3)) 128%(éx pte) Kryl., oF Re Zap. Sib) V,-1lse— mec alin folius Jord., Obs. VI (1847) 2. Ic.: Rehb., Fl. Germ. f.4572; Hegi, III Fl. 1, tab.118, f.1)— Exs:;: BPR No:453; Pic chinks INos.,205o emegs. Perennial, 15—30cm high, glabrous, with a developed leafy slender weak ascending simple or branched few-flowered stem and a bundle of ovoid or ovoid-oblong tunerous roots; leaves rounded-cordate or triangular-cordate, to 2—5cm in diameter, the lower with large or notchlike angular crenate margin, long-petioled, the upper short-petioled, angularly cordate or lobate- notched; leaf blade somewhat fleshy, mostly broadly cordate-notched at base, with separated lobes, lustrous or glossy green above; in most plants tuberclelike proliferating bulbils develop in the axils of leaves (var. bulbifera Rchb.); flowers 2.5—3.5cm in diameter; petals 8—10, yellow, glossy, elongate-elliptic or oblong-obovate, 10—18mm long, 4—7mm broad; fruitlets more or less rounded-obovate, pubescent, inflated at apex, tapering toward base, with a very short slightly acuminate or subobtuse beak. April—May. Moist soil in meadows and steppe depressions, forest margins, more rarely broadleaf forests, scrub, parks, sometimes in fields, mainly in the meadow-forest zone.— European part: Kar.-Lap., Dv.-Pech., Lad.-Ilm., ULV. Vi 2Kama, U.Dnp.) Mo Dap. JV.sDon!, Eeansycn | Ble (ING)s “Gaiamnee I, Dros Ie Won Wieeliss Ceieasugs Cisse, (N.), W.Transc.; W.Siberia: U. Tob.; Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (vicinity of Alma-Ata). Gen. distr.: Scand., Centr. Eur., Atl. Eur., Bal. Described from Europe. Type in London. Note. Crimean-Caucasian plants are often intermediate between this and the following species. Economic importance. In Western Eyrope young parts of these plants are often used as salad and condiment. When the fruits mature the plant dries out and becomes poisonous. The roots, leaves, and stem were formerly used as a remedy for chest diseases, hemorrhoids, and scurvy ("Radix et herba Chelidonii minoris"'). 333 2. F.éalthifolia Rchb., Fl. Germ. excurs. (1830-1832) 718; Ruprey eal. Cauc. 1.285 Boiss; Fl. Or. 924; "Busch in Bi? caucr crit. Tito eta Ranunculus ficaria vari8 lidb., El. Ross. /1(1842) 30,:— RYticaria var. calthaefolius Schmalh., Fl. Yugo-Zap. Ross. (1886) 10.— 258 334 Ficaria ledebouri Grossh. et Schischk. in Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II (1930) 108.—Ic.: Rchb., Ic. Fl. Germ. III (1838-39) tab.1.— Exs.: HFR No. 1357. Perennial, 10—18cm high; roots tuberously thickened, more or less oblong; leaves cordate-ovate, entire or slightly and irregularly crenate, often large, with basal lobes overlapping or approximate; petioles with broad long scarious sneaths; stems abbreviated, rather stout, usually profusely covered with leaf sheaths, aphyllous or with one leaf; scapes mostly radical; peduncles 1-flowered; sepals finely scarious, whitish- yellowish, more or less broad-ovate; petals 7-10, oblong-obovate, narrowed at base, to 15cm long, 4—5mm broad; fruitlets with a fine pubescence, somewhat compressed, convex at the sides, tapering-acuminate toward apex and toward base, obtuse at the apex. April—May. Damp places and among shrubs. — European part: Bl., L.V. (vicinity of Kamyshin), Crim.; Caucasus: Cisc., W., S., and E.Transc., Dag. Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur. (S.), Med., Bal.-As. Min., Arm.-Kurd., Iran. Described from Europe. Type in Vienna (?). 3. F.fascicularis C.Koch in Linnaea XV (1841) 249; Rupr., Fl. Cauc. I, 28; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 107.— R.kochii Ldb., Fl. Ross I (1842) gai; misen in Wl. -cauc. crit., If, 3,.124.— KR. edulis Boiss. et*Hohen. in Boiss., Diagn. Ser.1, VIII (1849) 4A UBOISS 2) fio Ore ty 2o.— xe Boise. et Hohen. in Kotsehy, Pl. Pers.’ bor, 1846; Pl. orient. exs. No, 182. Perennial, 3—10cm high, quite glabrous, with a bundle of tuberous roots gradually clavately thickening toward base, and mixed with profuse slender root fibers; leaves with flat petioles broadened toward base into elongated finely scarious sheaths, ovate or triangular-ovate in outline, at base oblique, unnotched or almost imperceptibly cordate, with a broadly crenulate or entire margin; stem abbreviated, with a row of finely scarious leafless scales at base, with a cluster of leaves above and one short peduncle subequal to or one-third to half as long as the stem, deflexed after flowering; sepals finely scarious, whitish-yellowish, ovate or oblong-lanceolate, somewhat saccately inflated at base, recurved after flowering; petals (6)7—10, narrowly oblong-lanceolate, narrowed toward base, to 10—15mm long, to 1—2mm broad, pale yellow, with well developed parallel nerves; fruiting head small, short-ovate; fruitlets glabrous, rugose, oblong-elliptic, rounded at the apex, with a scarcely perceptible obtuse tuberclelike beak to 2mm long. April— May. Rock crevices and shady habitats at 1,000—2,100m.-— Caucasus: S. and A iranse., tal. Centr., Asia: Min: Turkm-: Gen. distr.:: Arm'.-Kurd., Iran. Described from the Caucasus: Type in Berlin— cotype in Leningrad. 4. F.ficarioides (Bory et Chaub.) Halaczy, Consp. Fl. Graec. I (1901) 26.— F. peloponnesiaca Nym.,Syll. (1854-1855) 179.— Ranunculus ficarioides Bory et Chaub., Fl. Péloponnese (1838) 34; Boiss., Fl. Or. I, 24.— Ficaria edulis Grossh., Fl. Kavk. II (1930) 108 (non Boiss.).— icc .bery evicnaun. fe. tan. Vi, L. 2. Perennial, 4—9cm high, glabrous, with a bundle of elongated roots tuberously thickened proximaliy; stems weak, shorter than or slightly longer than the leaves, 1-flowered; leaves ovate-cordate, incised-lobate, 335 259 with ovate-lanceolate 3-toothed lobes; stems abbreviated, at base of peduncles one leaf or a cluster of several often almost trilobate or resembling radical leaves; sepals whitish, finely scarious, recurved; - petals 7—9, narrow-oblong, tapering toward base, 1—2mm broad and to 9-12mm long; fruitlets obvate-oblong, laterally compressed, narrowed toward apex, with an obtuse beak, glabrous. May. Subalpine zone, among stones and thawing snows, at 2,000—3,000m.— Caucasus: S. and E.Transc. (rare). Gen. distr.: Bal.-As. Min. Described from Greece. Type in Paris. Genus 536. BATRACHIUM* S. F. GRAY** S.F.Gray Nat. Arr. brit. pl. (1821) 720. Flowers solitary, white with a yellow claw; nectar-pit at base of petal open, without scales; pedicels long; leaves opposite or terminal, straight initially, reflexed in fruit; fruitlets without margin, transverse-rugose. Aquatic plants with leaves floating and submerged or only submerged leaves various: either all filiform, with many veins, or the lower (submerged) filiform-multipartite and the upper (floating) lobate or dissected into more or less broad lobes of varying shape, petiolate or sessile, with spurious apically auriculate amplexicaul sheaths. Russian names: Shelkovnik, vodyanoi lyutik [aquatic crowfoot]. Note 1. The preparation of much material in the USSR displays inadequacy and indefiniteness of such generally accepted characters as the number of stamens, their dimensions in relation to the fruiting head, number of nerves in petals, size relationships between pedicels and leaves and between leaves and internodes, the shape of the rip receptacle, etc. Moreover, abundant material indicates the importance of such generally disregarded characters as type and degree of leaf dissection, size ratio between their parts (segments), presence of petioles, leaf color, and varying thickness of the lobes involving a greater or lesser degree of collapse of the leaves out of water,etc. Dimensions of the flowers and their parts and the number and dimensions of the fruitlets proved to be more or less constant. Note 2. Reliable determinations of Batrachium require the collection, at a single locality, of specimens at various stages of development, since several species change considerably in outward appearance in the course of their vegetative period. In any case,it is necessary to obtain entire plants, as the basal leaves often differ in shape from the upper leaves. In all stages of development there are produced highly variable terrestrial fleshy forms (formae succulentae) which do not lend themselves to classification unless normally developed specimens are simultaneously collected from the same water body. It is always necessary to determine which forms develop floating leaves, the stage at which this occurs and when it ceases, and if both transitional and normal floating leaves or only one or the other type are produced. Moreover, it is extremely important to know whether the plant lives in fresh, brackish or salt water. It is essential to collect flowering specimens with intact sepals and a sufficient quantity of mature fruits (see A.N.Petunnikov, Tr. Yur. Bot. Sada, I (1900) 33-34). * From the Greek batrachion,a plant name used by Hippocrates. ** Treatment by V.I.Krechetovich. 336 5667 260 337 + Re 6(1). Plants with quite distinct floating and submerged leaves -----.-.-. 2. Plants with leaves of one kind all submerged -.~--....-....-.-. 6. Submerged leaves long-petioled, more than 4cm long, 6—7 times 4—5-partite, with unequal lateral parts and additional ramifications; flowers 20—30mm in diameter; stems inflated (to 5mm thick), more DiS SO CAGE OOME ff wel rele cae neat te taeelt LMA AM ho. othe, Mieka eh atatel « @ m6 3a Submerged leaves short, to 3cm long, subsessile, uniformly 4—5 times tripartite, the middle part as long as or shorter than the lateral parts; flowers 10—15mm in diameter; stems more or less slender (1—2mm thick), unbranched or branching in lower parts -----+..-.-- 4, Submerged leaves with short and dense divaricate rigid lobes, (3)4—6 cm long (Plate XXII, Figure 6). --.-12. B.bichotomum Schmalh. Submerged leaves with very long racemiformly clustered scarcely crisp and soft lobes, to 15—20cm long ...-.-.-. 13. B.langei F. Schultz. Submerged leaves dark green, rigidulous and divaricate, with shorter middle part and strongly developed leaf sheath; leaves, sheaths,and fruitlets more or less hairy; floating leaves rounded-peltate, their lobes cuneate-triangular, not overlapping. European part of the USSR. (Plate XXII, Figures 1 and 11) .---.--...- 8. B. giliberti V.Krecz. Submerged leaves light green, soft, with equal parts, without any perceptible basa, sheath. Plants glabrous; fruitlets glabrous or scarcely setose; floating leaves reniform, semiorbicular, their lobes broad-ovate or ovate-cuneate, overlapping -++-+-+++++++++++-s 5. Plants with long internodes (5—8 times as long as leaves); floating leaves with broad-ovate semioribcular lobes (Plate XXII, Figures 3 and 12); transitional leaves absent; submerged leaves 2—2.5cm long; flowers 12—15mm in diameter (Altai, Sayans) .......... cet LPB egg Ube Md EE ore ee ed. 14. B.mongolicum (Kryl.) V.Krecz. Plants with short internodes (as long or twice as long as leaves); floating leaves with broadly ovate-triangular and broadly cuneate lobes, with transitional submerged leaves with narrowly dissected lobes; submerged leaves 3—3.5(4)cm long; flowers 8—19mm in daameict. «\Caucasus) . 4° 9.02258 2 A 4, B.triphyllum (Wallr.) Dum. Peis so ee per Ready, Na ah fen ate Mey ct eens wee Aer SRM ws ce ws Rewitens Honore jhanrz5—30 per head 2... 6.5 es ee ee 8. Fruitlets scarcely 1—1.2mm long, suborbicular; flowers 6-8mm in diameter. Small slender plants with leaves 2—2.5cm long, more or less crisp above the water (Plate XXI, Figure 6) ............. a Nae ei kh hac as MLR cs. Seth iran ee A 9. B.rionii (Lagg.) Nym. Fruitlets 1.5—1.6mm long, cvate; flowers 10—12mm in diameter. Large thick-stemmed plants with 4—6cm long leaves more or less racemmormily collapsing when-out"ol water "so )y 08 212, ahs oe TEN SPORE Sie SOE Stee sre eds ene rene oa bi Beas S 10. B.pachycaulon Nevski. Plants with amplexicaul orbicular sessile divaricate repeatedly tripartite leaves 1—2cm in diameter, perpendicular to stem; inter- nodes many times as long as leaves (Plate XXI, Figure 4); flowers ho Lavine Indrameter, on very Lone pedicels O2™ “5... 25085. sie et. A es a Nelo, eg Ii ns SA, ee ae oo 1. B.foeniculaceum (Gilib.) V.Krecz. Plants with semiorbicular sessile or petiolate leaves, 3-4 or more times tripartite, longer leaves set at an angle to the stem, if leaves sometimes little divided then the flowers scarcely 5-8 mm in LE SUED he SS ONS PRS a ee are ge eee rae Cee ee 9. 261 338 9. Seashore plants with very long (to 15—20cm) more or less inflated internodes and with shortish (to 5—6cm) leaves not collapsing out of water; flowers 16—20mm in diameter, with numerous stamens (G0=25). Baltic icoasteuenw ee cue 11. B.marinum (Arrh. et Fr.) Fr. a6 Freshwater plants with short noninflated internodes; flowers not more than 10—12(15)mm in diameter; stamens 8-15 .......... LG: 10. Plants with long (to 6—10cm) dark, 4—5 times tripartite petiolate leaves, strongly collapsing out of water (Plate CM Miguce: >): 7. el tn Ba aca coe I ORS | UI eT 5, B.kauffmannii (Clerc. V.Krecz. + Plants with shorter (2-—5cm) 2—4 times tripartite leaves, divaricate orionly partially collapsing Oub,Of Wate jf.) a. .)cus 2a lcas ae age 11. Plants slender and delicate, light green, with thin petiolate 2—3 times tripartite leaves diverging or more or less collapsing out of water, their middle part as long as their lateral parts; flowers 6—8(10)mm Tih CLAM TEs) A ee 2 eile. Vase ale Ag ait acl thor! oi peepgeuii tus’ | albangutig idee bau ald viele coke ee 2 a Plants rigidulous and fragile, dark green, with sessile 3—4 times tripartite leaves, the leaves crisp-divaricate, not collapsing, their middle part shorter than their lateral parts; flowers 10-—15mm in Giamieterw; a6. AEE Ue enn ee cee WE LER RR Dat ae ge 13). 12. Small plants with scarcely repeatedly tripartite leaves not more than 2—3cm in diameter, more or less divaricate when out of water; flowers 6—8 mim/in diameter;. fruitletsiG—oy 2 ose ee eee «GEREN, BREN OPE enh ee IR I SS ah 2. B.eradicatum (Laest.) Fr. a Larger plants with 3 times tripartite leaves, 3—4.5cm long partially collapsing out of water; flowers 8-10 mm in diameter; fruitlets MOF MUMIe ROMS) \tONZ0) iu. uaa eels 3. B.divaricatum (Schrank) Schur. 13. Leaves rigid, black-green, crisp-divaricate, semiorbicular, 3 times tripartite, 3—5cm long; flowers 12—15mm in diameter; fruitlets, leaves, leaf sheaths, and upper part of plant usually more or less hairy; stems firm .... 7. B.trichophyllum (Chaix) van der Bossche. ate Leaves less rigid, green, partially collapsing out of water or else not collapsing, semicircularly flabellate, 4—6 times tripartite, 4-—7cm long; flowers 15—18mm in diameter; entire plant glabrous; stems more or less thickened andmimtlared) | Ayagearaaaaes 6. B.carinatum Schur. Series 1. Circinata V.Krecz.— Rigidulous plants with short amplexicaul leaves perpendicular to the stem; internodes long. Flowers 15—-18mm in diameter; stamens up to 20. 1. B.foeniculaceum (Gilib.) V.Krecz., comb. nov.— B. divaricatum Wimm., Fl. Schles. (1841) 10, non Schur.— B. circinatum Fr. Nov., Fl. Suec. Mant. III (1842) 52.— Ranunculus foeniculaceus Gilib., Fl. lithuan. V (1782) 261; Exerc. phyt. 1(1792) 970.— R. circinatus Sibth., Fl. Oxon. (1794) 175; Maevsk., Fl. Sr. Ross., ed.6 (1933) 343, fig. figs l34.— Re divarieatus dbs ‘ml: sRoss sl (is42)\n28. Shmal'g., Fl. Yugo-Zap. Ross. (1886) 10, non Schrk.—Ic.: Syr., Ill. Fl. Mosk. gub. II (1907) 155.— Exs.: Dé6rlf. No.4454; Pl. Pol. exs. No. 606,903; HFR No. 252. 262 Perennial; stems glabrous, with long internodes many times as long as the leaves; leaves sessile, amplexicaul, orbicular, (0.5)0.8—2 cm long, perpendicular to the stem, repeatedly tripartite, with short distant somewhat curved setiform-linear obtuse lobes, the middle part of leaf blade as long as the lateral parts (Plate XXII, Figure 4); pedicels many times as long as the leaves; flowers 15—18mm in diameter; petals broad-obovate and obovate; stamens 15-21; in fruit, receptacle globose, setose; fruitlets asymmetrically obovate, slightly setose above, the broad stigmas with clavate papillae. Mid-June through August. (Plate XXI, Figure 1). Slow-flowing river waters, ponds, oxbows, etc. — European part: (except Kar.-Lap., northern Dv.-Pech., and northern Crimea); W.Siberia: all regions; E. Siberia: all regions— Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balk. Gen. distr.: Atl. and Centr. Eur., N.Mong. Described from Grodno, Lithuania. Type in Kiev (?). Note. The Siberian plants differ in habit from the European: they are recorded as R.circinatus var. tenuissimus Freyn in Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr., 1901, 378,and more or less constitute here and in the southeast of the European part of the USSR) a distinct Siberian variety [sic.]. They have more delicate leaves with thinner longer lobes, hairy sheaths, and smaller (?) flowers. 339 i Series 2. Flaccida V.Krecz.— Slender light green plants with thin 2—3 times tripartite petiolate leaves with equal parts. Flowers 6—8(10)mm in diameter; stamens 8—15. 2, B.eradicatum (Laest.) Fr. in Bot. Notis. (1843) 114.- B. confer- voides Fr. in Bot. Notis. (1845) 121.- B. admixtum Nyl. ex Nyl. et Sael., Herb. Mus. Fen. (1859) 35 (in nota). - Ranunculus confer- voides Fr., Summa veg. Scand. I (1846) 139; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V, 1181; Maevsk., Fl. Sr. Ross., ed.6 (1933) 343.—R.aquatilis var. eradicatus Laest. in Nov. act. Soc. Ups. Xl (1839) 242 (in nota).— R.aquatilis y sajanensis Rgl. et Radde in Bull. Soc. I (1842) 27, ex p.—Ic.: Syr., Ill. Fl. Mosk. gub. II (1907) 155.— Exs.: Pl. Finl. exs., No.659; Dodrfl., No.3001. Perennial small delicate plants, the slender stems aphyllous below; leaves shorter than or as long as internodes, short-petioled, flabellately semiorbicular in outline, repeatedly (rarely 3 times) tripartite, with few piliform lobes divergent or partially collapsing out of water, the middle part of the leaf blade as long as the lateral parts (Plate XXII, Figure Si) pedicels 2—3 times as long as the leaves; flowers 6—8mm in diameter; petals cuneate-obovate, twice as long as the curved sepals; stamens (5)8—(—10); in fruit receptacle conical-cylindric, setose; fruitlets 8—15, oblique, ellipsoid-reniform, 1.7—1.8mm long, glabrate, the slender curved lateral style with cylindric papillae. May—July. (Plate XXI, Figure 2). Rivers, rivulets, and lakes (in flowing water).— European part: Kar.- Lap., Dv.-Pech., Lad.-Ilm., U. V. (Yaroslavl' area: Varegovo Bog near Pershino; Dymovka, Kashin District), V.-Kama (Polazna on the Kama River); W.Siberia: Ob, Alt., Irt.; E.Siberia: Yenis., Ang.-Say., Dau.; Far East: Ze.-Bu., Uss.(?). Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur., Scand., Greenland. Described from Sweden: Karesuando (Karavuopio and Saksajavre. Type in Uppsala (?). 340 263 343 Note. The East Siberian plants differ from the boreal-European in that their longer leaf parts reach 3—3.5cm or more, the larger flowers (to 10mm in diameter), with petals twice as long as sepals; they somewhat resemble the species which follow but are distinguished from them by their slightly repeatedly divided leaves with very long petioles. In East Siberia this species seems to form a separate variety appropriately called B.sajanense (Rgl. et Radde) V.Krecz. 3. B.divaricatum (Schrank) Schur, En. pl. Trans. (1866) 12, non Wimm.— B. paucistamineum F.Schultz, Arch. Fl. Fr. et All. (1844) 71.-B.drouetii Nym. in Bot. Notis. (1852) 98.— B. flaccidum Rupr. in Mém. Ac. St. Petersb., VII sér., XV (1869) 115; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. Il) L08e SB. aqiati le wispy ive le opal lini ~Grossiang) i aCe Ranunculus divaricatus Schrank, Baier. Fl. Il (1789) 104; Williams in Journ, of Bot. XLVI(1908) 20, non Koch nec Ldb. nec alii.— R. pauci- stamineus Tausch in Flora XVII (1834) 525, non Freyn.— R. pauci- stamineus var. drouetii Gelert in Bot. Tidsskr. XIX (1894) 28.— R.drouetii F.Schultz ex Gr. et Godr., Fl. Fr. 1 (1847) 124; N. Busch in Fly vecaucs serit. LH 3, .129, pexap: — Rl aleigi days auch... ROScras R.aquatilis 8 pantothrix Ldb., Fl. Ross I (1842) 27, promenmttpae Re aqguatilis ve: drowetia schmalh., Bly Yuco>Zap hosse (1886) 10.— Bxs.c bie inl excs. NOR Owe. Perennial, light green, with slender glabrous stems; leaves light green, thin, petiolate, flabellate-flagelliform in outline, 3—4cm long, 3 (rarely more) times tripartite, with piliform lobes adhering or scarcely adhering when out of water, the middle part of the leaf blade as long as the lateral parts (Plate XXII, Figure 9); pedicels scarcely longer than the leaves; flowers 8—10(12)mm in diameter; petals narrowly obovate, almost twice as long as sepals, readily deciduous; stamens (5)9—13; fruitlets 15—20, grayish, slightly setose above; stigmas with cylindric papillae. June— September. (Plate XXI, Figure 3). Standing water and slow-flowing rivers.— European part: Kar.-Lap., Dv.-Pech., Lad.-Im., U. V. (Yaroslavl', Tver' [now Kalinin], Vladimir, and Moscow areas), V.-Kama; Caucasus: all regions; W.Siberia: Ob. Alt., Irt.; E.Siberia: Yenis. (N.), Ang.-Say.; Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al., T. Sh. Gen. distr.: W. Eur. (as far north as 70°50'N), N. Am. Described from Bavaria. Note. The Central Asian plants with their isolated distribution area apparently constitute a separate variety, with larger broad-petaled flowers and more rigid leaves. The Shugnan plants are distinguished by their smaller dimensions and the clusters of nonevolute leaves. 4, B.triphyllum (Wallr.) Dum. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. II (1863) 214.— B.aquatile Rupr. in Mém. Ac. St. Pétersb. VII ser., XV, 2 (1869) 15.— B.aquatile ssp. heterophyllum Grossh., Fl. Kavk. II (1930) 109.— Ranunculus triphyllos Wallr. in Linnaea XIV (1840) 584. — R.aquatilis C.A.M., Verz. Pflz. Cauc. (1831) 202.— R.aquatilis subsp. heterophyllus N. Busch in Fl. cauc. crit. III (1903) 127. Perennial, frequently with transitional forms between the floating and the submerged leaves; floating leaves suborbicular-reniform, broadly cordate, 264 (341) PLATE XXI. 1 —Batrachium foeniculaceum (Gilib.) V.Krecz.; 2—B.eradicatum (Laest.) Fr.; 3 —B.divaricatum (Schrank) Schur.; 4 —B.trichophyllum (Chaix) van d. Bossche; 5 — B.kauffmanni (Clerc) V.Krecz; 6 —B.rionii (Lagg.) Nym. 265 344 1.5-2.5cm in diameter, 3—5-partite almost to base, their lobes broadly obovate or broadly triangular, shallowly 3—5-incised into broad obtuse teeth; leaves following the upper leaves [sic.] more deeply incised and with narrower cuneate lobes; submerged leaves petiolate, when out of water divergent like those of the preceding species; flowers and fruits resembling those of the preceding species. May—August. Backwaters, ditches, and small lakes.— Caucasus: Cisc. (Kuban, Digoriya, Chechiya), Dag., E.Transc. (Kuba District). Gen. distr.: Atl. and Centr. Eur., Med., As. Min. Described from the Karz Mountains in Germany. Note. This appears to be a heterophyllous variety of B.divaricatum Schur, whereas B.heterophyllum Fr.,in its strict original sense, recorded for the Caucasus,is none other than B. peltatum (Schrank) Presl. Series 3. Carinata V.Krecz.— Plants with dark crisp repeatedly (4—6 times) tripartite sessile leaves with unequal parts. Flowers 12—18mm in diameter; stamens (10)12—17. 5. B.kauffmannii (Clerc) V.Krecz., comb. nova.— B.trichophyllum Kom. et Aliss., Opred. rast. Dal'nevost. kr. | (US3),553, ex py nonivan den Bossche.— Ranunculus kauffmannii Clerc in Bull. Soc. Oural. Amat. Sc. Nat. IV (1878) 107.—R.pseudoflaccidus Petunn. ex Syr., lll. Fl. Mosk. gub. II (1907) 153, in nota, cum tab.— R.carinatus var. kauffmannii Petunn., ib., IV (1914) 79; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Siv. V, 1181; Maevsk., Fl. Sr. Ross., ed. 6 (1933) 343.—R.fluitans Kauffm., Moskov. Fl. (1866) 27 non Lam.— R.paucistamineus Korsh., Tent. fl. or. (1898) 77, non Tausch.—Ic.: Syreishch., 1.c., p.153. Perennial, with glabrous, nonthickened stems; leaves long, petiolate, flabellate-flagelliform (Plate XXII, Figure 7), strongly racemiformly adhering when out of water, (6)7—10cm long, repeatedly (up to 4—5 times) tripartite (bipartite only at the tips) with delicate piliform lobes, the inner part of the leaf blade considerably shorter than the lateral parts; pedicels longer than or as long as the leaves; flowers 12—15mm in diameter; petals obovate, twice as long as the curved sepals; stamens (10)12; fruitlets up to 30, asymmetrically elliptic, 2mm long, glabrous or somewhat setose; stigmas with cylindric papillae. May—August. (Plate XXI, Figure 5). Slow-flowing waters.— Eurpean part: Kar.-Lap. (S.), Lad.-Ilm., Dv.- Pech. (to 65°N), U.Dnp. (Dnieper River and to the east of it), M.Dnp. (E.), UPVis. Vie> Dont Vi. Kama “iransvec) Wo sloeritamn Ole vlc Mitecn Ey snol erates Yenis., Ang.-Say., Dau.; Far East: Zes;BusUda, Uss., sakh.,, Kamicht Gen. distr.: Scand., N.Mong. Described from the vicinity of the Arkhangelo-Pashiiskii Zavod in the former Perm Province. Type in Moscow (?). Note. The Kamchatkan plants are distinguished by larger leaves and flowers (to 20mm in diameter). Together with the Far Eastern plants, they may well constitute a separate variety. 6. B.carinatum Schur in Verh. Naturf. Ver. Bruenn. XV, 2 (1877) 28.— Ranunculus carinatus Freyn ex Kern, sched: Fl, Exs. Austros une. 1(1881) 21.—Ic.: Syr., Il. Fl. Mosk. gub. IV (1914) 79.— Exs.: Fl. exs. Austr.-Hung. No. 96. 266 Perennial, with glabrous thickened stems; leaves sessile or subsessile, semiorbicular-flabellate in outline, 4—7 cm long, with thin more or less crisp lobes not collapsing or scarcely collapsing out of water, 5—6 times tripartite, the inner part of the leaf blade shorter than the lateral parts; pedicels twice as long as the leaves; flowers 15—18mm in diameter; petals obovate, twice as long as sepals; stamens 14—18; fruitlets up to 30, asymmetrically elliptic. May—August. Rivers and canals.— European part: U. Dnp., M. Dnp. Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur. Described from the vicinity of Vienna. Type in Vienna. Series 4. Paucistaminea V.Krecz.— Fragile pubescent plants with crisp, 3 times tripartite dark green sessile leaves. Flowers 12—15mm in diameter; stamens 10-15. 7. B.trichophyllum (Chaix) van den Bossche, Prodr. fl. Bat. (1850) 7.— Ranunculus trichophyllus Chaix ex Vill., Hist. pl. Dauph. I (1786) 335 (nomen); Godr. ex Gr. et Godr., Fl. Fr. I (1847) 23; Williams in Journ. of Bot. XLVI (1908) 48.— R.paucistamineus Freyn ex Kern. Sched., Fl. Exs. Austr.-Hung. I (1881) 20.-—R. paucistamineus var. divaricatus Gelert in Bot. Tidsskr. XIX (1894) 27.-—R. aig wart 1 lis. d. trichophyllus Schmalh., Fl. Yugo-Zap. Ross. (1886) 10. Perennial, dark green, usually hairy above; leaves sessile, rigidulous, dark green, semiorbicular in outline, 3—5cm long, usually 3 times tri- partite, their lobes crisp, divaricate out of water, with broad pilose spurious basal sheaths, the middle part of the leaf blade shorter than the lateral parts (Plate XXII, Figure 8); pedicels usually not longer or scarcely longer than leaves; flowers 12—15mm in diameter; petals cuneate-obovate, somewhat curved, 1.5—2 times as long as the very late-deciduous sepals; stamens 8-15; fruitlets 25—30, green, usually strongly hispid; stigmas with oval papillae. June—August. (Plate XXI, Figure 4). Rivers.— European part: Kar.-Lap. (Petrozavodsk area), Lad.-Ilm., Dz2Pech: (Khavrogory in the Kholmogory District), U.Dnp., U. V., V.-Kama, M.Dnp., V.-Don, Bl., L.Don, Crim; Caucasus: Cisc. (W.) W. Transc.; W.Siberia: Ob, Alt.; E.Siberia: Yenis., Lena-Kol.; Far East: Uss., Uda, Sakh., Kamch. Gen. distr.: Atl. and Centr. Eur., N. Am. Described from Dauphiné¢ (Valgau and Dévoluy), France. 345 8. B.giliberti V. Krecz., nomen novum.— B. radians Rev. in Ac. Linn. Soc. Bord. XIX (1853) 120, non Dum.— Ranunculus diversi- folius Gilib., Fl. lith. V (1782) 262, non Schrank, nec. aliorum.— R.heterophyllus Jundz., Opis. rosl. Litew. (1791) 170, non Fr., nec. aliorum.— R.paucistamineus var. heterophyllus Freyn ex Kern., Sched. Fl. Exs. Austr.-Hung. IV (1886) 37.—R.aquatilis var. hetero- phyllus Ldb., Fl. Ross. I (1842) 27, ex p.— R. aquatilis c. tri- phyllus Schmalh., Fl. Yugo-Zap. Ross. (1886) 9.— Exs.: Fl. exs. Austr.-Hung., No.1705; Pl. Pol. exs. No. 302. Perennial, more or less pubescent, with floating and submerged leaves linked by transitional forms; floating leaves rounded-peltate, 1.5—2cm in diameter, 3—5-partite to base, with cuneate-triangular more or less 267 346 strongly incised lobes, their teeth subobtuse or subacute and not broad; the next to lowest leaves usually tripartite, all with more or less narrow and increasingly incised lobes, gradually passing into filiformly dissected divaricate submerged leaves resembling those of the preceding species. Other characters also as in the preceding species. May—August. (Plate XXII, Figures 1 and 11). Bogs, lakes, canals, and slow-flowing rivers. — European part: Lad.-Im., U. Dap, “Ms Dnp:,.) BE; Vv -3ben (Mozharovo, Kirsanov District). Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur. Described from Lithuania: Ezery, Grodno District. Type in Kiev (2). Note. This species undoubtedly represents a heterophyllous variety of the preceding species; it does not extend far to the east. Series 5. Polysperma V.Krecz.— Plants with very numerous (45-80) and smaller achenes. 9. B.rionii (Lagg.) Nym., Syll. fl. Eur. (1854-1855) 174; Grossg., Fl. Kavke lit? 09 — Beales prtrosum Grossh., ver spice mma aes Blftlacertdum var.(parviftlorum €-A Nein Bertie bila wuss Reich. VII (1849) 55, ex p.— Ranunculus rionii Lagg. in Flora XXXI, 1 (1848) 49.— R. drouetii N. Busch. in Fl. cauc. crit. III, 129 (1903) ex ps; non Es Schultz.— R.trichophy!lws N? Buschh, 2c. U2 6sex penon Chaixs— lesssHegin Hie syle Gitte Eure Bhs eats ees QOiopemtcats Perennial, small, slender, resilient plants; leaves short-petioled, in upper part subsessile, 2—3 times tripartite, broadly suborbicular in outline, 2—2.5(3) cm long, with thin somewhat crisp lobes not collapsing or scarcely collapsing out of water, the middle part of the leaf blade shorter than the lateral parts (Plate XXI, Figure 6); pedicels many times as long as leaves; flowers 6—8mm in diameter; petals obovate; stamens 6—16; fruitlets small, scarcely 1—1.2mm long, suborbicular, glabrate or glabrous, numerous (up to 80), crowded. April—August. Shallow standing and solonetzic bodies of water and lakes. — Huropean part: (BL., 1. Don, LE. V., Eransy.,'€rim.; Caucasus: throughout; W.Siberia: Ob (southern border with the Ishim and Tyukalinsk districts), U. Tob.,,-Irt., VAlt..> Centr> Asia: Ar /-Casp. Balkhi* Kara ke, Amuse syr. D., Mtn. Durkme, 2. Shsi(Gen. distr.; Centri Hur... ‘sally Acai Iran. Described from Switzerland: Sion and Valais. Type in Freiburg. 10. B.pachycaulon Nevski in Acta Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS ser. 3, IV (1937).— Ranunculus aquatilis B.Fedtsch., Rast. Turk. (1915) 416, exipia RVaquat ils var -pantoth rix) By Medtsch. in Age Pa oeeieme (1803) 247. — Perennial, with thickened (to 2mm) pale stems; leaves flabellate- flagelliform, petiolate, 4—6cm long, with thickened petioles, shorter than or as long as the internodes, 4—5 times tripartite, with piliform lobes more or less collapsing out of water, the middle part of the leaf klade about as long as the lateral parts; pedicels longer than leaves; flowers (8)-10—12 mm in diameter; petals broad-obovate, twice as long as sepals; stamens 16—20; in fruit receptacle slightly setose, oblong; fruitlets 268 (347) PLATE XXII. 1,11 —Batrachium giliberti V.Krecz.; 2,6,10 —B.dichotomum Schmalh.:; 4 — B.foeniculaceum (Gilib.) V.Krecz.; 3,12 —B.mongolicum (Kryl.) V.Krecz.; 5—B.eradicatum (Laest.) Fr; 7—B.kauffmannii (Clerc) V.Krecz.; 8 —B.trichophyllum (Chaix) van d. Bossche.; 9—B.divaricatum (Schrank) Schur. 269 349 350 numerous (50-65), asymmetrically ovate, 1.5—-1.6mm long, glabrous, with a short lateral style. April—July. Bodies of spring water and irrigation ditches.— Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp. (Mangyshlak, Mt. Ak.-tau, Dzharmush Spring), Kara K., Mtn. Turkm., Amu D., Syr D. Gen. distr.: Iran. Described from Kugitang (source of the Kara-su River, near the village of Kugitang). Type in Leningrad. Series 6. Litoralia V.Krecz.— Seashore plants with long internodes and inflated stems; flowers 10-20mm in diameter; stamens 20-25. 11. B.marinum (Arrh. et Fr.) Fr., Nov. fl. Suec. Mant. III (1842) 51.— B.fluitans f. marinum Gelert in Bot. Tidsskr. XIX (1894) 23.— Ranunculus: marinus Arrh. et Fr., Mant. III (1842) 52.—R. aqua- tilis var. baudotii Schmalh., Fl. 1(1895) 16.—R.baudotii var. submersus Litw. in Sched. HFR II (1900) 46.— Exs.: Dorfl., No. 4810; HFR No. 351. Perennial, with long inflated thickened (to 3—4mm) pale stems, aphyllous below, with very long internodes, to 12—20cm (or even longer); leaves one-third to half as long as internodes, sessile, 5-6cm long, 2—3 times tri- and bipartite, flagelliform; toward base of stem leaves less dissected; leaf lobes numerous, not collapsing out of water; pedicels several times as long as leaves; flowers 10—20cm in diameter; petals broad-obovate, 2—3 times as long as sepals; stamens 20—25; fruitlets 12—20, 2—2.2mm long, in a large head, glabrous, obovate, with an oblique stigma. May—August. Seashores.— European part: Dv.-Pech.(?): between Uima and Lyavlya (Boguslavskii), Lad.-Ilm. (Baltic coast). Gen. distr.: Scand., Atl. Eur. Described from Sweden: Baltic coast near Ronneby. Type in Uppsala. Series 7. Peltata V.Krecz.— Plants usually heterophyllous; floating leaves reniform, broadly and shallowly 3—5-partite. 12. B.dichotomum Schmalh. in Trav. Soc. Nat. St. Petersb. V, 2 (1874) XVII; Trautv. in A.H.P. IX (1884) 363.—R. aquatilis var. dichotom ws-sehmaih., l.c.— R Speltatus Sspuisie pre nitaromiamius Lindb., f. ex Hjelt in Act. Soc. pro F. et Fl. Fen. XXX, 1 (1906) 228.— Bests) dele amnlrescs: Non ood. Perennial, the long stems inflated-thickened above, dichotomously branching, with elongated internodes; leaves polymorphous (rarely only submerged leaves formed); floating leaves reniform, 1cm long, 2cm broad, shallowly 3—5-partite, with semiorbicular obtuse lobes (rarely 5-fid, with repeatedly shallowly parted lobes and then rounded-peltate); sometimes intermediate leaves present with fimbriately incised lobes; submerged leaves long-petioled, irregularly 6—7 times 3—5-partite, with rigid divaricate entangled crisp lobes, 3—6cm long; pedicels twice as long as leaves, strongly inflated; flowers 20—25mm in diameter; petals obovate, 2—3 times as long as sepals; stamens 20-25; fruitlets 15—20, semiorbicular- ovate, with setose margins. April—July. (Plate XXII, Figures 2, 6,10). Sluggish water.— European Part: Kar.-Lap., Dv.-Pech. (W.), Lad.- Ilm. (N.). Gen. distr.: Scand. Described from Lakes Glubokoe and 270 351 Kopenskoe in [the former] Yamburg County [Leningrad Region]. Type in Leningrad. Note. This species constitutes a boreal race of the European B.heterophyllum (Web.) Lange = B. peltatum (Schrank) Presl, which is distinguished by its more delicate stem and by the more nearly equilateral and less (3—4 times) dissected submerged leaves. 13. B.iangei F.Schultz ex Nym., Syll. fl. Eur. (1854-1855) 16. Perennial, distinguished from B.dichotomum Schmalh. (which it resembles in its repeatedly and irregularly divided submerged leaves and in the shape of its floating leaves) mainly by the long (to 15—20cm) 5—6 times tripartite leaves with very long scarcely crisp or soft lobes, racemiformly or racemiformly-flabellately arranged; flowers 2.5-—3cm in diameter. European part: Lad.-Ilm.: Neva River mouths, Bab'ya River; Lodeinoe Pole (Kamenka River). Gen. distr.: Scand., Centr. Eur. Described from Denmark. Note. The USSR plants are distinguished from the authentic B. langei F.Schultz mainly by their very strong development. I have been guided by the findings of A. Petunnikov. 14, S.mongolicum (Kryl.) V.Krecz., comb. nova.— Ranunculus aquatilis ssp. monogolicus,Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V (1931) 1180.— R.aquatilis var. heterophyllus C.A.M. in Ldb., Fl. Alt. II (1830) 334; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 27 exp. Perennial, with more or less slender pale stems and long internodes; leaves polymorphous; the upper floating, rounded-reniform, deeply cordate, 1—2cm in diameter, 3—5-partite to two-thirds, their lobes broad-ovate, with 2—3 broad subacute or obtuse teeth, rarely entire; submerged leaves short-petioled, orbicular, 3—4 times tripartite with filiform lobes diverging when out of water, 2—2.5cm in diameter; pedicels longer than leaves; flowers 12—15mm in diameter, with obovate petals twice as long as sepals; stamens 12—15; in fruit receptacle orbicular, hairy; fruitlets with a lateral style, 1.8mm long, setulose above. (Plate XXII, Figures 3 and 12). Lakes.— W.Siberia: Alt.; E.Siberia: Ang.-Say. Gen. distr.: N. Mong. Described from Altai. Type in Tomsk. Genus 537. RANUNCULUS * L.>** L. Syst. ed. 1 (1735); L. Sp. pl. (1753) 584 ex pte.—Hecatonia Lour. Fl. cochinch. (1790) 302,— Pachyloma Spach, Hist. Veg. VII (1839) 194.—-Pfundia Opiz, Seznam (1852) 73 (nomen).— Xiphocoma Stev. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXV (1852) 537, Perianth double; sepals 5, rarely 3 or 4; inner whorl of 5 petaloid nectaries, rarely more or less, occasionally undeveloped or obsolete and then (subgenus Micranthus shorter than the colored segments of the outer envelope; nectaries (petals) with proximal nectar pit, glabrous or covered with scales; styles and stamens numerous (rarely 4—10 stamens), spirally arranged in several rows; fruitlets 1-seeded dry nutlets forming * A diminutive of rana,a frog, a plant name used by Pliny. ** Treatment by P.N.Ovchinnikov. 271 392 a more or less compact head. Annual or perennial herbaceous plants, usually with palmatipartite or pinnatipartite or entire leaves, with a bundle of slender root fibers, a developed rootstock or numerous tuberously thickened fascicular roots (subgenus Ranunculastr um); flowers solitary or in a cymose inflorescence. A large genus, with approximately 600 species widely distributed throughout the world; 160 species are represented in the USSR. Species of Ranunculus inhabit all zones from the Arctic tundra to deserts and alpine zones; they grow in flooded and boggy places, in forests and steppes, on dry slopes, among stones, and even on rocks. However, mesophyllous types predominate, even though Ranunculus is also known from desert areas, where they propagate under favorable damp conditions or in the damp spring season. Most species are poisonous. Russian name: lyutik. Key to Subgenera and Sections 1. Fruitlets glabrous or hairy, flat or convex, without tuberculate excrescences. and spines ).0y oi: AOW.e. VUae BAe Sc. ee eee 3. ate Fruitlets laterally compressed, usually bearing tubercles or spines. Annuals Sk er bis eta e! one yeuet es cok oo) lad una el eeaeeiias Shai chore a a rr 2. 2. Flowers subsessile,to 2—3mm in diameter, surrounded by small bracts borne in axils of leaves; segments of outer envelope colored. 5 SNe) 9 ie i Vaal Subgenus 5. Micranthus Ovcz. (p. 363). AP Flowers with long peduncles, considerably larger, without basal bracts; outer envelope cup-shaped .... Subgenus 6. Pachyloma Spach (p. 364). 3. Fruitlets quite flat or strongly compressed laterally, often winged, glabrous or hairy; roots dimorphic: some much thickened, elongated- tuberous or torulose, others slender, fiberlike ............... ths, siesta io tides Subgenus 7. Ranunculastrum Spach (p. 367). ate Fruitlets convex or somewhat compressed laterally, very rarely quite flat, winged; all roots fiberlike, slender, if dimorphic as in the preceding species then the fruitlets orbicular, inflated, and the leaves orbicular, entire; rootstock frequently developed .............. 4, 4. Fruitlets inflated, transversely-rugose. Small plants with orbicular entire leaves and thickened roots .... Subgenus 3. Thora DC. (pz 316). +f Fruitlets more or less compressed laterally or convex, very rarely quite flat, winged, lacking transverse wrinkles, roots fiberlike, slender, or else: rootstock developed: 9.5 op. ace) = ss Smee ale oa) ee ae 5. 5. Fruitlets large, to 5-8mm long, oblong-elliptic, the lower seed-bearing part inflated, the upper part somewhat compressed, full of loose white tissue; sepals 3; petals 5-8 or more. Aquatic or palustrine plants . Subgenus 1. Auricomus Spach. Section 2. Coptidium Nym. (p. 278). + Fruitlets smaller [than 5-8 mm], or if large then more or less orbicular, without differentiation into upper and lower parts. Aquatic, palustrine, or terrestrial plants, sepals mostly 5, and if 3 sepals then small and prostrate, (Aretic) pilant, tect. 4) sua ey Sa ance ee 6. 6. Aquatic floating or palustrine-terrestrial plants with creeping prostrate stems rooting at the nodes; leaves strongly dissected or tridentate or trilobate, the submerged leaves sometimes reduced to petioles; 272 353 fruitlets small, to 1—1.5mm long, glabrous, smooth, somewhat inflated, with a very short beak; petals with a well developed claw; sepals and Betels J.o,subjeel to- reduction <.0 4.6 2 SP PO Subgenus 1. Auricomus Spach. Sectionl. Xanthobatrachium (Prantl) Ovcz. + (p.273). Terrestrial or palustrine plants; stems erect or ascending, if more or less prostrate then the leaves entire or lanceolate; sepals 5, Betts SaeTeeL POs SARI LG) SHA Gi Te Be RP PAS, Te ie 7. Stems prostrate, rooting at the nodes, mostly erect or ascending; leaves entire, elongate, ovate-lanceolate to linear ............. . Subgenus 1. Auricomus Spach., Section 3. Flammula Webb. (p. 279). ce Stems erect or descending, not rooting at the nodes; leaves incised, ee Oss COTM DOUTIG + 5 pated reriae said er Spee ie wise lene wis,» Ss IE scien 8. 8. Stigma sessile; fruitlets small, with obscure veins or transverse wrinkles, and an obsolescent beak; receptacle hollow as are the stems. Annuals or biennials of damp and boggy sites with small flowers and with upright stems...... Subgenus 2. Hecatonia (Spach) Ovez. (p. 314). 4; Stigma with a style; fruitlets larger, with a developed beak; receptacle merpaow ;. flowers.usuallyilarme)| px ays setys: Ment ie! een atten «9. 9. Fruitlets inflated-convex, smooth, glabrous or pubescent, with one vein almost confluent with dorsal part, without or with an obscure scarious border; lower leaves usually less incised than the upper. Perennials, mMopils withsa bundle of. slender fibrous Tooter? Pie OP a ee Subgenus 1. Auricomus Spach. Section4. Euauricomus Ovcz. (p. 284). Ft Fruitlets somewhat compressed laterally, glabrous, rarely hairy, bordered, with conspicuous longitudinal veins; lower leaves usually more divided than the upper; rootstock often developed ........ SOL earmon-hisrer gacido: fer, Subgenus 4. Chrysanthe Spach (p. 316). + Fruitlets quite flat, winged; leaves tripartite with wide somewhat fleshy segments; rootstock developed, slender, with a row of thin root fibers. Glabrous plants from the alpine zone of the Pamir-Alai Range wns TES SALAS in eA. ce. RAH a Pa ne Gee eer ee . . Subgenus 4. Chrysanthe Spach. SectionPachycarpus Ovcz. (p. 363). Subgenus 1. AURICOMUS Spach, Hist. Veg. VII(1839) 210.—Sect. Heca- tonia DC., Prodr. I (1824) 30 ex pte.— Sect. Marsypadenium e. Epirotes Prantl in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. IX (1888) 266 ex pte; Ej. in Pilzim.. shy: i722 64, Fruitlets smooth, glabrous or pubescent, with one vein almost confluent with inconspicuous dorsal keel, without a border or with a small obscure scarious border. Lower leaves usually less divided than the cauline leaves. Perennials, erect or ascending, terrestrial or aquatic-palustrine, prostrate, rarely with floating stems and leaves with a bundle of slender roots. Section 1. XANTHOBATRACHIUM (Prant) Ovez.— Sect. Hecatonia DC.; Prodr. 1(1824) 30, 33 ex pte.: Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 31.— Sect. Marsypadenium subsect. Xanthobatrachium Prantl in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. IX (1888) 266; Ej. in Engl. u. Prantl, Nat. Pflzfm. Ill, 2, p.65.— Characters as in the key. 273 354 355 = Aquatic plants with floating ystemspandylleaviesr® vei meq rip a erneann ie 2. + Terrestrial or palustrine plants, with erect or mostly prostrate stems rooting. at the nodes: city djageis a.) aeehe he bated elt eet 5. 2... lkeeaves: entire or 3—5-lobate-cleft, identicalithroushotutistenmeyena cen: 3. ati Leaves submerged, deeply parted into filiform lobes or entire, filiform; when present, floating leaves entire) or)s—o-partite, =e) 7.) .-ueGr- 4, 3. Leaf blade trilobate, with distant lateral lobes, thin, green, more or less cuneate or rounded; receptacle oval-cylindric, glabrous; petals and sepals mostly 3-4 ... 5. R.hyperboreus Rottb. var. natans Rgl. + Leaf blade 3—5-lobate-partite, more or less conspicuously notched at base, rather thick, lustrous above; receptacle globose,hairy; petals Bric SO pal S yO. sy yal Rey spe InAs emia giag ce" a Welk mee alleoiteg tines cue memes 4. R.natans C.A.M. 4. Submerged leaves with filiform petioles, 8—-12cm long, these and branches verticillate- or opposite-approximate; corolla and calyx usually sbigimaetcOUS ian Meese wpsrekeohPatich eset tks enone 7. R.polyphyllus Kit. + Submerged and floating leaves with a developed blade, not opposite- approximate; ,conolla and calyx usually pentamierous Reig elinaivier. pigadic.amnigskGeyl; pul Aap ote (1931) 1193.— R. batealensis Tunez. in sched.— Ic. Gmel., el. sibs, IV, tab.b Xoo: Ldb., lei-pl.Flj Ross.00 tabyikoa— Eecre she hy NoZous (specimens not fully typical). Perennial, small, palustrine plant; stems slender, glabrous, slightly branched above, 2—3-flowered, very often prostrate or [sic!] rooting at the nodes; leaves petiolate, usually in groups of 2—4; petioles glabrous, with a short broad whitish-scarious amplexicaul sheath and distal whitish auricles free from petioles; leaf blade 6-13mm long, 18-—23mm broad, reniform-rounded, with a more or less straight or broadly cordate-notched base, glabrous, rarely hairy beneath, broadly trilobate or tripartite, the segments or lobes more or less broad-obovate, rounded entire or broadly 2—3-toothed, the lateral sometimes bifid or bilobate; uppermost leaves sessile or short-petioled, deeply tripartite, with entire or somewhat dentate oblong obtuse lobes; peduncles slender, glabrous, sometimes with minute bracts; receptacle subglobose, with scattered short hairs; sepals 5, glabrous, spreading-recurved, ovate, with broad whitish scarious margins, somewhat shorter than or about as long as petals; petals usually 5, light yellow, oblong-obovate, passing abruptly into a short narrow claw; limb of corolla to 9-11 mm in diameter; fruitlets in a compact more or less globose head to 5—7mm in diameter, small, to 1.2—1.4mm, obovate, glabrous, with somewhat convex sides, hamately involute from the middle or below, often with a dried-out tip. June—July. (Plate XXIII, Figure 4, a—d). Damp riverbanks, or shallow sections of rivers and rivulets, bogs, damp sandy places, and open boggy birch and birch-and-larch forests. — W.Siberia: Alt.; E.Siberia: Ang.-Say., Dau. Gen. distr.: Mong. Described from Altai. Type in Leningrad. 4, Rimatans. C2A.M. inp Ldb.,. Fl.) Alty-11/(1830)°35s)sidb., le Resse I, 3430 hiryli yikes Zap.esibep ve, 11922 less dbs, Slew plywi.. Rosseaul (1830) tab.114. Perennial, aquatic, floating, quite glabrous or the upper part and peduncles sometimes with small sparse appressed bristles; stems branched sulcate, stout (2-3mm thick), floating, prostrate, with root fibers at almost every node; all leaves petiolate, the blade 13—15mm long, 20—25mm broad, reniform in outline, broadly 3—5-lobate to one-third or one-half, rarely beyond, the lobes broad, rounded at the apex, entire or with few small rounded teeth, slightly cordately notched or straight at the base, lustrous green above; uppermost leaves opposite, 2—3-lobate, sometimes entire, sometimes cuneate, with narrow, short-petioled lobes; all leaves with 2 scarious auricles at base of petioles; flowers 9-13mm in diameter, golden yellow, with rather stout elongated peduncles; calyx and corolla 5-merous; sepals ovate or rounded-ovate, obtuse, glabrous, to 4mm long, curved, readily deciduous; petals to 5mm long, slightly longer than sepals, rounded- obovate, abruptly narrowing into a short claw; receptacle globose, 5-6mm in diameter, with scattered short hairs and numerous fruitlets in a compact globose head to 6-8mm in diameter; fruitlets rounded-obovate, to 1.5-1.9mm long, glabrous, smooth, with a very short (to 0.2mm) straight hamate-tipped beak (the tip of the beak dries early, and the beak then 276 358 359 appears straight) with a more or less well defined narrow ventral groove. June—July. (Plate XXIII, Figure 6, a—d). Standing water, lakelets, small slow-flowing streams and rivulets, boggy places in mountain and foothill regions, rising to 4,000m (Pamir). — W.Siberia: U. Tob. (Kokchetav Mountains), Irt. (Bayan Aul), Alt.; £.. Siberia; \Angz-say:, _Dau.;, Centr. Asia: Balkh.,»Dzu.-Tarb., -T: Sh), Pam.-Al. Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash., Mong. Described from Altai. Type in Leningrad. Note. The East Siberian plants have a rather distinctive habit, smaller dimensions, and sometimes cuneate leaves, and it may be necessary to separate them as a distinct variety. Further observations and collections are required. 5. R.hyperboreus Rottb. in Act. Univers. Hafn. X (1770) 458;* Ldb., Pi ross. 1, 30; Kryl,, Fl. Zap. Sib. V 1194.— je.s \Rotth. iniPl, Wank II (1763) tab. 331 (sub nom. R.lapponicus); Rottb. in Act. Hafn. X (1770), tab. 4, f.16 (non vidi).— Exs.: HFR, No. 2505. Perennial, small, Arctic plant, quite glabrous, with creeping stems rooting at the nodes, or else floating; leaves petiolate, the blade more or less obovate or reniform in outline, to 0.5—0.7(—0.9)cm long, to 0.5—0.7 (—1.2)cm broad, cleft for one-fourth to half its length, rarely more deeply, into 3 obtuse, orbicular, broad, entire lobes, more rarely the lobes, especially the lateral obtusely 2—3-incised-dentate, the lateral lobes usually spreading, the blade cuneate or rounded; upper leaves sessile or short- petioled, deeply (often almost to base) 2—3-partite, with oblong lobes; bracts entire; all leaves with a broad amplexicaul whitish-scarious sheath; flowers 6—8cm in diameter, 1—3 per pedicel in upper part of stem; sepals usually 3 or 4, glabrous, concave, 3—4mm long, broad-ovate, with broad whitish-scarious margin, spreading or recurved; petals usually elliptic or oblong-elliptic, to 4mm long, passing abruptly into a short claw, with a nectariferous gland in a basal saccule; receptacle glabrous, oblong or oblong-elliptic; fruitlets crowded in an oval head 4mm in diameter to 1.2mm long, rounded-obovate, glabrous, smooth, with a narrow troughlike ventral slit and a slender straight hemate-tipped beak, to 0.2mm long, often drying out. June-July. (Plate XXIII, Figure 7, a—d). Damp and peaty meadows and boggy tundras, banks of rivers and lakes, and small pools. — Arctic: Nov.. Z.,. Arc. Eur., Are. Sib.; European part: Kar.-Lap. Gen. distr.: Arctic. Described from Arctic Europe (Lapland). 6. R.samojedorum Rupr., Beitr. zur Pflanzenkd. Russ. Reiches II, (1845) 28. Russian name: Lyutik nenetskii [Nenets]. Perennial, small, to 1—2cm high, closely related to R. hyperboreus Rottb. but smaller, more cespitose, the leaves smaller, parted into 3 narrowly oblong cuneate nondivergent entire lobes; fruiting heads less compact, one-third to half the length in R.hyperboreus; distinguished from R.gmelini by the cuneate-triangular outline of the leaves and by the very small beak of the fruitlets. July. (Plate XXIII, Figure 8). Sandy-argillaceous damp and mossy places, banks of rivulets; always in clusters and forming mats together with mosses.— Arctic: Arc. Eur., Arc. Sib. Endemic. Described from the Bol'shezemel'skaya Tundra. Type in Leningrad. * TI have not seen this work, but am citing Ledebour. pi | 360 7. R.polyphyllus Kit. in Willd., Sp. pl. II,(1799), 1331; Ldb., Fl. Ross. 1, 833. Kryl.y Fl.) Zaps sib Vet heer lee) thchiby,, wie egal RG erences (1838-1839), tab.II; Syreishch., Fl. Mosk. gub. II, 158. Perennial, amost always floating;: stems to 1m long, with branches and leaves verticillate or opposite, approached; upper leaves alternate; submerged leaves reduced to filiform petioles, 8—15cm long; floating leaves 4—23mm long, the blade lanceolate or oblong-elliptic, entire, some- times broader and apically tridentate, one-tenth to half the length of the petioles; flowers small, 5mm in diameter, yellow, pedicels initially small and straight, considerably elongated (to 5—12cm) and arcuately curved in fruit; calyx and corolla usually 3-merous; sepals ovate, obtuse, to 2mm long, glabrous; petals oblong-obovate, to 2.6mm long, with an open nectar pit; fruitlets obovate, convex and slightly compressed laterally, smooth. 1—1.4mm long,narrow winged scarious border, especially below, very short straight beak. May—June. Peaty lakes and bogs,in and around water.— European part: U.V., V.i-Kama,: U.Dnp.,; M.Dnp.seV..7Don,; Lransyv., Sly; Ganon, ,Eaweee we Siberia: Ob (S.), U. Tob., Alt.; E.Siberia- Ang.-Say. (westernmost part). Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur. Described from Hungary. Type in Berlin. Section 2. COPTIDIUM Nym., Consp. Fl. Eur. I (1878) 13.— Sect. Marsypadenium b. coptidium Prantl in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. IX (1888) 266 et invEnegl. uw. Prantl Nat. Pflzims lls 25) 65 Promlets*5— farm long, oblong-elliptic, with a convex lower part containing the seeds and a somewhat compressed upper half with loose white tissue, smooth, with inconspicuous veins; perianth triple, with spreading or recurved segments; petals (nectaries) 5-8 or more. Palustrine or aquatic-palustrine plants with prostrate or ascending, rarely erect stems, stems always prostrate in their lower part where aeventitious roots develop at the nodes and where creeping rootstock suckers, very similar to the stems, are common. Flowers yellow, pale yellow, white, or reddish violet. In the flora of the USSR this section is represented by 2 species confined to or mainly to the Arctic-polar zone. 1. Flowers yellow; leaves tripartite. Plants of bogs or damp places. . 5: yates panel BAL: earciias ceeMeDE S is ton Bea. y Nicky ened ony bean fy. 8. R.lapponicus L. ate Flowers reddish violet or white; leaves entire, with tridentate apex. Ralustrinesagquatl © plants tx ppat cldnck wees ansine ee 9. R.pallasii Schlecht. 8. R.lapponicus L., Sp. pl. (1753),553; DC., Prodr. I, 35; Ldb., Fl. Rossa 1, 316; qKom ., Al. KRamchwligg! 4 (23 Krys Sle Lap isib, sVeRligas — Ic.: L., Fl. Lapp. ed. 2 (1792) tab.3,f.4; Lindm., Svensk Fanerogamfl. (1918) 258.— Exs.: HFR No.1904, 2504. Perennial, 7—20(25)cm high, glabrous; rootstock creeping, long, cord- like, white, slightly rooting at the nodes which often bear a single long- petioled leaf; roots slender, fiberlike; stems often semiprostrate from the base, simple, 1-flowered, sometimes with adventitious roots arising from the lower nodes, mostly with 1 or 2 leaves; leaves long-petioled, the blade rounded-reniform or reniform or orbicular in outline, broadly cuneate, 278 361 rarely — due to proximity of lateral segments — with an overlapping base, 17—30mm long, to 20—43mm broad, tripartite to three-fourths or beyond but not to base, with broadly rounded-obovate, mostly approximate segments, the middle segment cuneate, more narrow than the broad almost obreniform lateral ones, all segments with broad subobtuse rounded teeth; flowers solitary, yellow, 8—13mm in diameter, with long erect peduncles; sepals recurved, ovate, somewhat shorter than petals; petals 5—8, oblong-elliptic, tapering into claw; fruitlets numerous, in a loose head, oblong-elliptic, readily deciduous, convex, somewhat flattened laterally, 4—5.5mm long, glabrous, smooth, with a hamately curved tapering beak to 1—1.4mm long. June—July. (Plate XXIII, Figure 2, a-—c). Peaty and riparian shrubby tundra, mossy bogs, and boggy coniferous (spruce, spruce and Siberian stone-pine, larch) forests.— Arctic: Arc. UP pu NOV en Ly ALC... Sibs;..Chuk.,..An,;,.; European part:,.Kar-Lap.g.ddy .- Pech., V.-Kama, Urals; W.Siberia: Ob; E.Siberia: Yenis., Lena-Kol., Ang.-Say., Dau.; Far East: Kamch., Okh., Ze.-Bu., Uss. Gen. distr.: Arc. Scand., Ber. Described from Lapland (Sweden). Type in London. 9. R.pallasii Schlecht., Animadv. Ranuncul. I (1819), 15; Ldb., Fl. Ross..1, oi; Kom., Fl... Kamch. II,;.146;.Kryl.,, Fl...Zap. Sib. V,.1185.— icc eenlechs:...1.c...tab.I1. Perennial, glabrous, prostrate-ascending with creeping hollow leafy more or less branched stems and numerous adventitious roots developing at the nodes simultaneously with the leaves, the lower prostrate parts of stem die gradually, the ascending upper parts producing new shoots with ascending floriferous stems; leaves long-petioled, the blade rather thick, mostly elongate-ovate or elongate-obovate-cuneate, rarely broadly obcuneate, trifid or trilobate at the apex, with entire obtuse or rarely dentate lobes, the middle lobe broader than the divergent lateral lobes; petioles long, hollow, with amplexicaul sheath; flowers solitary, large, 1.7-2.8cm in diameter, violet reddish or pale, almost white, with 6—12 petals; sepals 3, rarely 4, curved, ovate, spreading, to 8mm long; petals obovate-cuneate or oblong-obovate, rounded at the apex, tapering into claw; fruiting head flattened-rounded, more or less loose, to 10mm long, 12—13mm broad; fruitlets to 5-7mm long, oblong-elliptic, sometimes somewhat curved, smooth, glabrous, convex, slightly compressed laterally, more or less gradually tapering into a straight subacute beak. June—July. (Plate XXIII, Figure l,a-—c). Boggy tundras, lakeshores, oxbows, pools, boggy places in the polar- Arctic zone.— Arctic: Arc. Eur., Nov. Z., Arc. Sib., Chuk., An.; Far East: Kamch., Ok., Uda. Gen. distr.: Arctic, Ber. Described from the west coast of Arctic America (St. George Island in the Aleutians). Type in Berlin. Section 3. FLAMMULA Webb.-— Subgenus Flammula Webb. ex Spach, Hist. Veg. VII, (1839) 208.— Sect. Hecatonia DC., Prodr. I (1824) 30, 32; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 31.— Sect. Buthyranthus subsect. Flam- mulae Prantl in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. IX, (1888), 267; Ej. in Engl. u. Prantl, Nat... Pilzim.. Ill, 2, 65.— Characters in the key: 279 362 1. Stems prostrate-decumbent, rooting at all nodes; internodes arcuately curved; leaves entire, linear or filiform-linear, passing inconspicuously LtOrpe TONES) Meee nee eer memes Eines ket. caps Negrcena: ker alee ate Meer ee 13. R.reptans L. ate Stems strict or weak ascending, if rooting then at the lowermost nodes; petioles clearly set off from the blade or the leaves sessile ....... 2 2. Stems ascending, more or less weak, usually rooting in lower nodes or erect, more or less strong; leaves petiolate; flowers to 1—1.5cm in Giaimie tere ee ae Na Nai Te Denk MON he Segal cine: ual to) ai uRs (RepC et etna ite te air Stems strict, hollow, stout; rootstock creeping, jointed; leaves sessile lanceolate: dlowercs tonsa pIcin Olga Oicen ns Gil cniMte Fees rma ae 3. 3. Annuals; leaves entire, with small remote teeth, rounded, often cordately notched; fruitlets small, villous-tuberculate at the sides... CE Eee ah ta MMM cia sf Ri Lal basi, Ire Sic ecaten mere ene 15. R.ophioglossifolius Vill. + Perennials; leaves entire or dentate, rounded at base or cuneate; frurtlets -smiooth:,. Absa ee) ANS | Bhan a he Reese en a Wey ego ec rr 4. 4. Stems ascending, more or less weak, often rooting at base, glabrous Omewith scattered slender airs nas Ses re Se 12. R.flammula L. it Stems erect, without adventitious roots, proximally with scattered SmmallMsevose mains har: seston aus: 14. R.strigillosus Boiss. et Huet. 5. Leaves broadly long-lanceolate with very sparse small teeth; stems mostly glabrous, appressed-pubescent above; flowers to 3—4cm in dianteters intithkets plalorOus™ crs... ke eee a ees eee ee 10. R.lingua L. + Leaves elongate, linear-lanceolate, entire, like the stems covered with appressed setose hairs; flowers to 1.6—2.5cm in diameter; fruitlets with isolated, short, late-deciduous hairs ..... 11. R.amurensis Kom. Series 1. Lingui Ovcz.— Stems erect,tall; leaves sessile, undivided, entire or sparsely denticulate, lanceolate; flowers 2.5—4cm in diameter. 102] Relingua ’L.,, Spe ples (i753) )8o40r. edb.» Hl aRosis se), ote siren Fl. Zap. Sib. V, 1185.—Ic.: Syreishch., Fl. Mosk. gub. II (1907) 158; Rehb., le. EL. (Germ dy 4096. — Eixs. HbR No. So2, a, et be. sh ussmam name: lyutik dlinnolistnyi [long-leaved]. Perennial, large, 50-—115cm high; stem erect, stout, hollow, little branched, glabrate or rarely with scattered appressed hairs; rootstock with long joints and verticillate root fibers at the nodes; leaves sessile, elongate-lanceolate, the blade gradually tapering toward apex, acuminate, to 15-—30cm long, to 1—5 cm broad, entire or sparsely denticulate, narrowed at base, then broadening into an amplexicaul scarious-margined distally ciliate sheath; flowers 3—4.5cm in diameter; calyx and corolla 5-merous; petals broad-obovate; receptacle oval, glabrous; fruiting head subglobose or oval, 10—11lmm in diameter: fruitlets glabrous, smooth, obovate, somewhat compressed laterally, 2.5—3.2mm long, with a narrow scarious dorsal border and an inconspicuous border along the ventral part, the straight beak to 0.8—1mm, hamately curved distally. July—August. Hypnum~-sedge, herbaceous bogs and boggy meadows, ditches, lakeshores and riverbanks, ubiquitous in the forest zone, becoming sparse in the steppe zone.|] Huropean part: Kar:—-map.,) Dv.-bech., Lad... UU, Weg. Ve aia. U.Dnp., M.Dnp., V.-Don, Transv., Bl., L.V., Urals; Caucasus: rare, in 280 363 364 all regions except Talysh; W.Siberia: Ob, U.Tob., Irt., Alt.; E.Siberia: Yenis., Ang.-Say.; Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh., Dzu.-Tarb. Gen. distr.: W. and Centr. Eur., Dzu.-Kash., Ind.-Him. Described from N. Europe. Type in London. Note. This species varies greatly from glabrous to very strongly pubescent forms (var. hirsutus Wallr.) with a broad leaf blade, etc. var. submersus Gliick (= f.aquatilis Nazar.) is a form of deep water bodies, with broad cordate submerged leaves and sometimes with floating stems. All such changes seem to depend on ecological conditions. 11. R.amurensis Kom., Fl. Manchzh. II, 1 (1903) 294. Perennial; rootstock creeping, long, with bundles of slender root fibers at the nodes; stems to 40—60cm long, erect, hollow, finely sulcate, with one to several flowers; leaves sessile, amplexicaul, linear-lanceolate, elongate, upward-pointing, entire, acute, covered like the stems with setose appressed hairs; flowers 1.6—2.5cm in diameter; sepals 5, appressed- hairy, obtusely rounded, one-third to two-fifths the length of the petals; petals obovate; fruiting head ovoid-rounded; fruitlets somewhat oblong, obovate, with isolated short appressed setose hairs becoming obsolete; beak very short, whitish, with a callous thickening, straight, distally curved; receptacle glabrous, more or less globose and becoming cylindric. June— August. Bogs, damp and boggy forests, rice fields, and overgrown oxbows.— Far East: Ze.-Bu., Uss. Gen. distr.: Jap.-Ch. Described from the Far East (interfluve of the Uril and Khar rivers). Type in Leningrad. Series 2. Flammuli Ovcz.— Stems prostrate and rooting at the nodes or ascending, glabrous or glabrate; leaves petiolate, entire or sparsely denticulate; flowers not more than 10—15mm in diameter. i2. fh. fammula L... Sp. pl.,(8753).548; Bdb., Fl... Ress. .1,. 32.ex pte.; hea. ne: 2ap. ob. Vs 1186,— Ie.: Hegi,*tlustr.. FI HI (1909) tab.119, f.2.— Exs.: HFR No. 302; Fl. Solon. exsic., ed. a Weloszcak No. 703; Pl. Finld. exsic. No.658.— Vernacular name: pryshchenets. Perennial; stems solitary, 15—50cm long, erect or ascending, some- times rooting at the lower nodes, glabrous or covered with sparse appressed hairs, branched in upper part, with several to many flowers; petioles of radical and lower cauline leaves as long as, rarely twice as long as the blade, the latter oblong-elliptic, almost ovate-lanceolate, lanceolate, or linear-lanceolate, acute, entire or sparsely denticulate, 3—7cm long, 3-—12(—28)mm broad; upper cauline leaves narrow, sublinear, sessile or short-petioled; peduncles finely sulcate, covered with short appressed hairs or glabrate; flowers 10—15mm in diameter, calyx and corolla 5-merous; sepals hairy, oblong-ovate, spreading, 3—4mm long; petals yellow, broad-obovate, 5-6mm long; receptacle glabrous, rounded-clavate or slender cylindric (var. gracilis C.A.M.); fruitlets to 1.5-1.7mm long, with convex sides but somewhat compressed laterally, glabrous, smooth, with an often curved very short beak to 0.3mm and an obscure scarious dorsal border. June—August. 281 (365) PLATE XXIII. 1 —Ranunculus pallasii Schlecht., a) leaf, b) fruitlet, c) fruitlet in longitudinal section; 2—R.lapponicus L., a) leaf, b) fruitlet, c) fruitlet in longitudinal section; 3 —R.gmelini DC., a) leaf, b) receptacle, c) fruitlet, d) nectary; 4—R.radicans C.A.M., a) leaf, b) receptacle, c) fruitlet, d) nectary; 5—R.reptabundus Rupr., a) leaf, b) receptacle, c) fruitlet, d) flower; 6 — R.natans C.A.M., a) leaf, b) fruiting head, c) fruitlet, d) flower; 7 —R.hyperboreus Rottb., a) leaf, b) fruiting head, c) fruitlet, d) flower; 8 —-R.samojedorum Rupr. (magnified). 282 367 Inundated meadows and sedge bogs, riverbanks, occasionally in water, mainly in the forest zone. — European part: Kar.-Lap., Dv.-Pech., Lad.- Ilm., U.V., V.-Kama, U.Dnp., M.Dnp., V.-Don, Transv., Bl. (N.),L. Don, Urals; W.Siberia: Irt.?, Alt. (rare). Gen. distr.: Seand., Centr. Eur., Atl. Eur., Med. (N. part, mountains). Described from Europe. Type in London. Note. This species comprises three forms: terrestrial, floating (f.natans Gliick), and submerged (f.submersus Gliick), reflecting ecological modifications developed in relation to the habitat. They represent, as it were, reduced forms of the typical terrestrial plants with leaves as well as flowers undergoing reduction; this reduction is particularly noticeable in f.submersus. 13. R.reptans L., Sp. pl. (1753),549; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V,1187.— R.flammula var. reptans Fleisch., Syst. Verz. Ostseeprov., (1830), 74.—R.flammula var.y Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, (1842), 32.—Ic.: Syreishch., Fl. Mosk. II (1907) 157; Rchb., Ic. Fl. Germ. IV, (1838—1839) tab. 10; Lindm., Svensk. Fanerogfl., (1918), 258.— Exs.: HFR No.1354 and No. 1354b.— Perennial, small, glabrous or glabrate, with creeping filiform branched stems rooting at the nodes; leaves narrow-linear, subfiliform, rarely linear-lanceolate, gradually and often inconspicuously passing into petioles; peduncles glabrous or slightly appressed-hairy; flowers small, yellow, 5—9mm in diameter; sepals 5, ovate, obtuse,to 2mm long; petals 5, oblong-elliptic or obovate-elliptic, 3.5—5mm long, passing abruptly into a narrow claw with open basal nectariferous gland; fruiting head globose, ca. 2—3mm in diameter, loose, usually with few fruitlets of which some- times all but 2-3 are abortive: fruitlets obovate, slightly compressed laterally, smooth, glabrous, to 1.5—2mm long, and with a 0.3—0.4mm beak curved only at the tip; receptacle glabrous. June—August. Damp banks and bottoms of dried-up lakes, pebbly and silty riverbanks and damp meadows, and rarely sedge bogs.— Arctic: Arc. Eur., Arc. Sib. Chuk., An.; European part: Kar.-Lap., Dv.-Pech., V.-Kama, Lad.-Ilm., wPVer U.Dnp.,Urals;’ W. Siberia: ‘Ob, U. Tob., Irt., Alt.; E. Siberia: Lena-Kol., Ang.-Say., Dau.; Far East: Uss., Kamch., Okh. Gen. distr.: Arc. Eur., Scand., Centr. Eur., Mong., 'N.Am. Described from Sweden. Type in London. . Series 3. Strigillosi Ovcz.— Perennial, stems erect, slender with appressed setose white hairs; flowers not more than 15mm in diameter; fruitlets smooth, glabrous. 14, R.strigillosus Boiss. et Huet in Boiss., Diagn. ser.II, 5 (1856) 7; Boiss., Fl. Or. I, 52; Suppl. 14; IN: Busch in-Fl. cauce. ‘crit TII/ 3, 135. Perennial, to 16-30 cm high, with a short rootstock; stems erect, slender, few-leaved, with appressed setose white hairs, 1—3-flowered; lower leaves oblong-elliptic or lanceolate-elliptic, acuminate, cuneate, entire or with acute teeth near the apex, petiolate; upper leaves narrow-linear, sessile or subsessile, with prominent parallel veins and appressed setose hairs 283 368 beneath, tapering to an elongated cuneate base; flowers 1.2—-1.4cm in diameter; sepals curved, ovate, obtuse, with appressed scabrous hairs; petals yellow, obovate or broadly inversely subtriangular, sometimes slightly notched apically, 5.5-10mm long; fruiting head more or less rounded-ovate; receptacle glabrous; fruitlets small, to 1.5—-1.8mm long, obovate, somewhat compressed laterally, with a short conical scarcely hamate beak. July—August. Damp and boggy localities, banks of rivulets and spring. — Caucasus: E. and S.Transc. Gen. distr.: Arm.-Kurd., Iran. Described from Turkish Armenia. Type in Geneva. Series 4. Ophioglossifolii Ovcz.— Annuals or biennials; stems erect, sometimes with basal adventitious roots; flowers small,to 10mm in diameter; fruitlets scarcely punctate, their sides with villous readily deciduous hairs. 15. R.ophioglossifolius Vill., Hist. pl. Dauph. III, (1789) 731; DC., Prodr. 1, 43— Ldb., Fl. Ross. 1,047; Borssi,cFl, Or. ly 53; 7N) Base ins Fl..,cauc ..erit Ul, 35.135 Jide 2.) Vill Wes tabe4o: WRichb. pel aera: IV, (1838-1839), tab. 21, f.4613. Exs.: Herb. Norm., ed. Dorfler No. 5202 (Hungaria). Annual, 14—24(—35) cm high, in lower part of stem nodes often produce bundles of slender cordlike fibers; stems hollow, erect, glabrous or covered with fine appressed hairs above, mostly strongly furcately branched in upper part; leaves entire, the lower and sometimes also the middle cauline leaves ovate, cordate or rounded at base, long-petioled; upper leaves oblong- lanceolate, gradually tapering to petiole or subsessile, sometimes covered with small appressed hairs; all leaves alternate, sometimes opposite- approximate above, remotely serrate-dentate or undulate; petioles with amplexicaul sheaths; flowers small, 10mm in diameter, yellow; sepals spreading, more or less ovate, scarcely appressed-hairy, greenish-yellowish, to 2—2.5mm long, oblong-obovate or oblong-elliptic; fruitlets very small, to 1—1.3mm long, orbicular or slightly obovoid, with a narrow dorsal border, slightly compressed laterally, with a very short tuberclelike beak, villous- tuberculate, especially in upper part or with short readily deciduous whitish setose hairs; receptacle clavately thickened, glabrous. April—June. Damp and moist habitats, often clayey soil, grassy bogs and their margins, banks of rivulets, and sometimes indundated meadows. — European part: Crim :;) Caucasus: W..,and &. Transe.,..2al.. Gen. distrami@entrs Eunge Med., Bal.-As. Min., Arm.-Kurd., Iran, N. Afr. Described from Dauphine, France. Note. Plants from the Lenkoran area are distinguished by their profusely branched stems, a covering of setose hairs throughout, and oblong cauline leaves with serrate-dentate margins. Section 4. EHUAURICOMUS Ovcz.— Subg. Auricomus Spach., Hist. Veg. VII,(1839) 210 s. str.— Sect. Marsypadenium subsect. Epirotes Prantl in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. IX, (1888) 266 ex pte; Ej. in Engl. 284 369 370 u. Prantl, Pflzfam. III, 2, 65.— Stems erect or more or less ascending, with a bundle of numerous root fibers, occasionally with a scarcely developed slender vertical rootstock; stems with few to many flowers; radical leaves long-petioled, palmately 3—5 (rarely more)-partite or entire, elliptic or orbicular, the upper leaves more or less sessile, deeply parted; fruitlets glabrous or pubescent, convex, rarely somewhat compressed laterally, lacking a border, with a short straight or curved hamate-tipped beak. on Leaves small, compound, trisected into short-petioled deeply cleft Be ees «te a vie, Ae, FOE an tS OT YG War 6G, Ye Bale. 2% 2. Leaves simple, entire or tripartite, with broad entire, cleft or dentate Serta Se SNL 2 OCR TO AOE RIG GEA DIY OD BIEGAS.. oe) 3. Sepals densely covered with brownish rufous hairs; fruitlets Pate se EE Sth4 FOG Goo’ LOE Fade LS 51. R.rufosepalus Franch. Sepals covered with short slender whitish hairs; fruitlets pubescent Prpelaperentse 12705. S5R S07 Pe NAP AS Bae gs 50. R.gelidus Kar. et Kir. Radical leaves elliptic or lanceolate-elliptic, unsegmented, entire or dentate, rarely incised-dentate; fruitlets glabrous; sepals covered ie Whitten pr sliehily rufous hairs’ ty oye 222A oe PPS OS 4. Radical leaves orbicular or rounded-reniform or ovate, cordate, Peueimemnecoie® Tt. (aS Hose VigGnree 29 TI BOE Eee bs Plants more or less densely covered with white hairs; sepals with appressed white hairs; radical leaves tridentate at the apex or Sg en ee 19. R.krassnovii Ovcz. Plants glabrous or glabrate; sepals with golden hairs or glabrate 5. Radical leaves elliptic or oblong-elliptic, serrate-dentate or deeply cleft; flowers small, 1.3—1.7cm in diameter; petals considerably Peeeee nor sepals, 2/19... 4R PS. 6 SOT GR Ft 16. R.pulchellus C.A.M. Leaves elliptic or lanceolate-elliptic, entire or with 1 or 2 minute men teres Mater ues, 38 4 Fh LONER OPEN. Sil, Mo RAE ER OP SA, 2: 6 Te 6. Flowers large, to 2—2.5cm in diameter, with 5—6 rounded-obovate petals; stems simple or with 1—3 unequal branches, with one to Sever rowers -8F. FPP) OA POOL, 18. R.pseudohirculus Schrenk. Flowers to 0.7—1 cm in diameter, with 5 often abortive petals as long as or about as long as the sepals; stems twice or thrice furcate, Siemmeiea, OFFS LY SPINS. Bas OG IS 17. R.longicaulis C.A.M. Entire plant more or less densely covered with long arachnoid hairs; radical leaves tripartite to the middle or beyond into obovate eewiametivme se CGA C2 BONER. FS 49. R.arachnoideus C.A.M. Entire plant glabrous, glabrate or more or less densely covered with SiravontinonarachnoOid White shares 6 se Wd Se eke os aherte eee 8. Radical leaves broadly cuneate, more or less spatulate with a cuneate base or ovate; sepals with dark brown, rufous brown, whitish brown, ee aA WANES, 2 er, po re ti Fe Tn tn Volo. vere Me Pee inn nee eT eB ihe bs BT ene, ey ee 9. Leaves more or less orbicular, rounded at base or mostly cordate, if cordate then the plant densely covered with white hairs, not more than 7—10cm high; sepals with rufous golden or white hairs or ere eich, LEP S IG) cele 2S, hELT BPS, Ce TNT ee a eo Ve She te oe 1d. Leaves rather coarse, stiff, ovate, margin almost entirely dentate, rarely 3-cleft into broad lobes and serrate-dentate; sepals with brownish white hairs; receptacle glabrous .......-.-+++-e-e+e2-. Se. eel en siete was ef se) @ a “e: 6 = «2 ¢ © ao ey 2 a ® 285 371 ++ ++ IL Sh 14, 18) 5 Eo Leaves rather thick, rounded-ovate, cuneate, palmately 3—5-fid, mostly with rounded-dentate lobes, the middle lobe narrower and subentire; sepals as well as the stems covered with white hairs; flowers’ toy 2) ein .GilaIMmewe ange: ic ayege ores ana ie 37. R.pamiri Korsh. Leaves thinner, rounded-cunate or spatulate-cuneate, with 3—5 or more large apical teeth or trilobate; sepals with dark brown, rarely grayish brown hairs; receptacle with grayish brown hairs ...... 10). Petals 6—10, broadly rounded-obovate, incised at the apex....... A oMsnats fleet peeweates Shee ahs ces 9. bee Mate 42. R.altaicus Laxm. Petals mostly 5;rarely more, counded at the) apex 2) aye eae mene 5 ges: eb a Eine coed fay ty Ghaienet eae aloe pedis Bs ecg ee 41. R.sulphureus Soland. Sepals covered with dark brown or golden rufous hairs......... 2). Sepals covered with white hairs or glabrous ......+...+++...- WSs Radical leaves glabrous, reniform, 3—5-partite almost to base or to the middle, with more or less obovate entire or subobtusely 1—2- toothed segments; sepals, as well as stems, covered with distant black-brown or dark brown hairs. Arctic plant,mostly small, A=l'Qiemtrare ly Moremy)iaiphsy Yt arbeten ban toe) ote 38. R.nivalis Ls Radical leaves conspicuously ciliate-margined, almost reniform- rounded, deeply tripartite, with cuneate segments cleft into 3 lobes; sepals with scattered subappressed golden hairs... =... s\47e)- =. = ade 6 eel A okies Hela Aeeeeews pbee 39. R.eschscholtzii Schlechtd. Middle segment of radical leaves entire; sepals glabrous or glabrate SAS OSE: ABA occ toe, GS Gee se ee gue gee gis rae ona 40. R.pauperculus Ovcz. Radical leaves 4—10cm long, 6-13 cm broad, 3—5-partite to the middle or beyond, with obovate lobes; stems curved, 1-flowered, covered (especially above) with distant slender hairs; flowers 7—-11mm in diameter; fruitlets glabrous. Small Arctic plant, 1—5cm high... te SAG 2 a Riese Sadiets Socdatl een o hitoaames 1c 48. R.pygmaeus Wahlb. Leaves,as also the entire plant, larger or, if small, then densely hairy and: withjseveralk eneictistenis: oso. am. U: ed Giey oi). ed eee ee 14, Radical leaves, or at least some of them, more or less palmatipartite, cleft deeply or almost to base into narrow lanceolate lobes, or divided to base into deeply incised or dentate segments ........ fey Radical leaves entire or tripartite to the middle or beyond, in the latter case blade more or less cuneate with 2—4-fid lateral segments Me he (ote) ont eer tel nee ee ee Mero MRE tc lrgeomheri Se cWis ua ty yc Srtoise: o ISI. Radical leaves tripartite to base, with deeply incised, sometimes very slightly petiolate parts; cauline leaves deeply 5—6-partite, their lobesidéeply cuneate clefts. a- ea cdap tik. veeiseieheliGd Gk Sete Ieee ee re 16. Cauline and radical leaves mostly palmatipartite or cleft or if trilobate then uniformly rounded-dentate; lobes of cauline leaves linear-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, almost always entire, often [sic!} proximally ‘connate. "on. ). . ) . Gere ay aiege a leae eer ree ye Plants to 25—40cm high, with few stems; flowers to 2.5 cm in diameters” sepalsswath} obtuse, whitishthairsy octy-meyes- tal-dede tke oe size. darteipedl> GPE SNs yy pony te the aed adhe eS es 45. R.songoricus Schrenk. Plants to 15—25cm high, with numerous stems, often cespitose; flowers to 1.6cm in diameter; sepals reddish with white hairs .... Be eayisdene 9) oi fad Reet A Noe des ope geese teehee. eeweaeeee gees 47. R.rubrocalyx Rel. 286 i. BG.. ++ 21. 22, 23. Radical leaves tripartite or broadly trilobate, uniformly coarsely dentate; stems glabrous; sepals with dull white or slightly golden MEER AE, Resse ea en IS RPV Vk 46. R.trautvetterianus Rgl. Radical leaves palmatipartite, with more or less distant soft hairs . . Se eRme Le te enreee a eee et ITE OS I ACY By be. ep lbadt.. . 18. Radical leaves with scattered long hairs, deeply 7—15-palmatipartite, with linear-lanceolate unequally incised-dentate lobes, the middle lobe deeply incised with remote teeth; fruitlets pubescent or glabrous; flowers to 2.5cm in diameter, with 5—7 broadly rounded- OSavatewmetals THs I) AGUOAL fs Siptegd. wetkedl nn: 30. R.pedatifidus Sm. Radical leaves rigidulous, glabrate, of two kinds: some ovate-rounded, with deeply incised dentate margins, the middle tooth larger, entire or with minute straight teeth, the other leaves deeply palmatipartite, with more or less broad-lanceolate entire or slightly dentate lobes; flowers small,to 0.8—1.5cm in diameter, with 5 obovate slightly emarginate petals; fruitlets pubescent ..... 31. R.rigescens Turcz. Plants glabrate; radical leaves glabrous or glabrate, broadly triangular-ovate, parted almost to base into palmatipartite segments, with entire or slightly incised-dentate lobes; flowers to 1,2—2(—2.5) cm in diameter, with 5 petals; sepals remotely hairy or glabrate; fPutiets pubescent or plabrous® oink ee 20. | Riatfinis R.Br. Plants small, 3—7(—10)cm high, with dense white hairs ........ 208 Pianvedarcer, plabrate or slightly pubescent ......00.. fee ee al. Stems densely covered with semiappressed and appressed rigid hairs; leaves oblong-obovate, thrice deeply parted almost to base into oblong-obovate or oblong-cuneate segments, the apex entire or more or less deeply dentate; receptacle glabrous; fruitlets glabrous. Siicdll hish=mrountain plant? 8 35. R.brotherusii Freyn. Stems densely, often almost tomentosely covered with semiappressed soft hairs; leaves oblong-cuneate or spatulate-cuneate, thrice lobate- dentate, or cuneate-ovate; receptacle covered with short hairs; fruitlets covered with short hairs or glabrate. Larger plant 36. R.popovii Ovcz. ea eert en Sash 6 er (eee sib” ie is) te" ef eo” « wa ee es en ee SF lye eT fee Sem ee Bere pict eloprods Sle ita he et ag iad, Seal gan... 22. Pouiete (pistilc) pubestent' or hatry Ti! 74 Vieinat oolnsosgekne.-.. 24, Blade of radical leaves inclined at an angle, transversely elliptic; stems with scattered short setose hairs...... 27. R.subtilis Trautv. Blade of radical leaves not pendent, more or less rounded-reniform; stems glabrous or distally with scattered appressed ciliate hairs. . Radical leaves with an actuely cordate open base, rarely subcuneate (as inR. subtilis), entire or shallowly tripartite, with broad rounded teeth; cauline leaves 3—5-partite to base, with entire or scarcely dentate lanceolate lobes; fruitlets 3-—3.3mm long, more or less compressed, with a thin border ..... 28. R.suukensis N. Busch. Plants smaller, to 8—20cm high; stems weak, ascending; radical leaves rounded-reniform, thin, obtusely dentate-margined; cauline leaves 5—7-palmatipartite but not to the very base, with entire lanceolate-oblong lobes; fruitlets to 1.5—1.8cm long, more or less GORVET WAtOUL AMDOTGEL ’ — co.) ce ct cee ee wel eo wr eto oe 43. R.alberti Rgl. 287 24. 25. 373 26. Pap a+ 28) 5 374 Radical leaves deeply, often almost to base, tripartite, into narrow more or less cuneate segments, sometimes the middle segment almost petiolate; cauline leaves deeply palmatipartite; fruitlets slabrousiompubescent) wyeich. hick. seen ageiteitiae aore-s: Pee eee eee 25. Radical leaves orbicular or reniform-rounded, entire or trifid with broad incised-dentate segments; fruitlets downy or hairy ...... 27. Roots slender, with an abbreviated thickened rootstock; radical leaves glabrous, tripartite, with broadly rounded cuneate subactutely lobate-cleft segments; stems glabrous; peduncles with appressed yellowish whitish hairs; petals in groups of 3 or 4,in all 8—14; recéeptaclexpubesCemts mata . ate cease ., ootvae 34. R.lasiocarpus C.A.M. Thickened cordlike root fibers clustered into a bundle; entire plant, including stems, glabrous or with a slight whitish pubescence; petals 5-6); receptacle: plabrousn > stulntony.! + Raeis bes Wa Aen eee 26. Radical leaves deeply tripartite or almost trisected into cuneate, entire, slightly lobate or tridentate segments; sepals glabrous or glabrate; fruitlets with a short slightly curved beak ........5... UO ete Felner Ge I Se ieeet Ok: Reais Pewee er 32. R.polyrhizus Steph. Radical leaves deeply tripartite or trifid, their segments approximate or contiguous, lobate-rounded-dentate, ciliate-margined above or with short hairs on both surfaces; sepals hairy; fruitlets with a longer slender hamate or spirally volute beak +). 0) 5.7.2 28IM- ; aaa seG ak ay se eeeeh Ua saiey beut SNORE A DNC Rane SEAMED Piers at) ree 33. R.ussuriensis Kom. Lobes of cauline leaves petiolate; fruiting head oblong ........ TARR ee DA Pee See eke as. eS ee Or 26. R.anadyriensis Ovcz. Lobes of cauline leaves sessile; fruiting head ellipsoid ........ 28. Receptacle glabrous; lobes of cauline leaves narrow, entire or remotely incised-dentate; at anthesis [sic!] radical leaves reniform- rounded, deeply 3—5(6)-partite .............. 20. R.auricomus L. Receptacle glabrous; lobes of cauline leaves oblong-rhombic, with unequally incised-dentate margin; radical leaves trifid for more than half their length, their segments broad, irregularly rhombic, rounded-dentate, rarely subentire (22.0... 3) 25. R.krylovii Ovcz. Receptacle hairy or slightly downy; radical leaves one or few, unsesmented, dentate or broadly; trilobateddiny < Ri =) sins sei ee eo Zoe Lobes of cauline leaves broadened at the apex, cuneate, with uniformly serrate-dentate margin; radical leaves orbicular, the narrowly cordate blade often bearing lateral processes; fruitlets densely Tans YADA RN peters Meare AROS TREE pe ene i 21, R.cassubicus L. Lobes of cauline leaves entire, linear or lanceolate or remotely and icresulanly incised> dentate rh ealvuickion ah SIPe Sauder eo eee ee 30. Lobes of cauline leaves lanceolate, with irregular, mostly remote short teeth; lobes of upper leaves entire; radical leaves entire, or more often trifid-trilobate [sic!]; fruitlets to 3-3.5mm long, hairy YAIR EU ORME B yg Sd «Ek tow + ERP OEE AIR SEE 22, R.megacarpus W. Koch. Lobe of cauline leaves entire, linear or narrow-lanceolate ...... Sil. Radical leaves 2 or 3 or more, with a straight or slightly notched base, entire or mostly tripartite to the middle, with unequal sections; fruitlets 2.6—3mm long,-+the short beak hamate from base, rarely Siergeun lett ae tsa eoek shih eee sek Se okey ae oe oe oe 23. R.allemannii Br.-Bl. 288 375 oe Radical leaves mostly solitary, entire, orbicular, mostly narrowly notched at base; fruitlets to 2.5—3mm long, with very short beak to AE AGUS, DATAALC LID DEO: 6 pects once calm | Scares yal ens 24. R.monophyllus Ovcz. Cycle 1. Pulchelli Ovez.— Radical leaves elliptic or lanceolate-elliptic, unsegmented, entire or incised-dentate; the upper cauline leaves sessile, the lower short-petioled, all entire or tripartite; fruitlets glabrous, convex, with a slender twisted or straight beak. Series 1. Longicaules Ovcz.— Glabrous or glabrate plants; sepals with pale rufous hairs or glabrate. 16. R.pulchellus C.A.M. in Ldb., Fl. Alt. II (1830), 333; Ldb., FI. Geet ae, er yl:, il. Zap. Sib. V;>- 1189 ex'pte.— KR. mae rodon. Turcz. im mene... 1¢.:. Ldb.vic. pis, Hl, Riss- i (1830), tab.111.— Exs.: HFR No. 1905 (f. hirsuta Litw.). Perennial, 15—20(—32)cm high, glabrous, few-flowered, with a bundle of slender root fibers; stems erect, branching once or twice, rarely simple, 1—6-flowered, glabrous, rarely more or less densely covered throughout with long hairs (f. hursutus Litw.); radical leaves 9-27mm long, 4—13mm broad, long-petioled, glabrous, glaucescent, somewhat coriaceous, elliptic or more or less oblong-elliptic, acute, with serrate-dentate or deeply incised margin; cauline leaves sessile, with scarious amplexicaul sheaths, sometimes with few appressed marginal cilia, 3—5-palmatipartite with elongate linear entire obtuse lobes or deeply dentate, and then the upper leaflets linear, entire; peduncles covered with somewhat rufous appressed hairs; flowers 1.3—1.7cm in diameter; sepals 5,to 4mm long, scarious- bordered, spreading, with appressed somewhat rufous golden hairs; petals 5, 8—10mm long, to twice as long as sepals, obovate or elliptic; receptacle sometimes slightly short-hairy; fruiting head compact, oblong-ovoid; fruitless ovoid-elliptic, glabrous, to 2.5—2.7mm long, with a straight short beak sometimes with a slightly curved tip to 0.6—0.9mm long, glabrous, smooth, more or less convex, with a subobtuse dorsal keel, along which run (when the fruitlet is placed on its rib) 2 inconspicuous veins. Damp, mainly solonetzic meadows occasionally in subalpine meadows. — W.Siberia: Alt.; E.Siberia: Ang.-Say., Dau. (rare); Centr. Asia: Dzu.- Tarb., T. Sh. (rare in the Aleksandrovskii [Kirghiz] Range). Gen. distr.: N.Mong., China. Described from the Chuya River valley in Altai. Type in Leningrad. 17. R.longicaulis C.A.M. in Ldb., Fl. Alt. II, (1830),308; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 35.—R.pulchellus var. longicaulis Trautv. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXIII, (1860) 68; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V,1189.—Ic.: Ldb., Ic. pl. Fl. Ross. II, (1830), tab.117. . . Perennial, 20—35cm high, with twice or thrice forked erect stems and a bundle of slender cordlike roots; stems mostly solitary, sulcate, slender, glabrous throughout, with slightly appressed slender dull or golden hairs, few-flowered, their branches upright, elongated, equal, radical leaves numerous, long-petioled, glabrous or with sparse ciliate hairs, somewhat coriaceous, elongate-elliptic or lanceolate-elongate-elliptic or even lanceolate, 289 376 gradually tapering to base, rarely somewhat rounded, mostly with 3 prominent veins, 1.6—4cm long, 5—9mm broad, entire, rarely with 1 or 2 minute teeth; lower cauline leaves usually petiolate, the blade lanceolate, entire, to 5cm long, 3—4mm broad; upper leaves and bracts sessile, entire, narrow- lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, with semiamplexicaul sometimes very slightly hairy-margined sheaths; peduncles straight, long, sulcate, with short light appressed rufous hairs; flowers 0.7—0.8cm in diameter, often with abortive petals; sepals ovate, densely covered with short rufous hairs; receptacle with short hairs, cylindric; fruiting head oblong-ovoid; fruitlets 2.5—-2.8mm long, oblong-elliptic or ovate-elliptic, smooth, glabrous, with a basally broadened dorsal beak to 1mm long. June—July. Sedge bogs, damp boggy meadows, damp lakeshores, rivulets, and herbaceous bogs.—= W.Siberia: Alt.; E. Siberia: Ang!-Say., Daut; Centa. Asia: Dzu.>Tarb.,0 2. She Pam.-Al, Gen. distr.:Dzu.qikash. slemcm Described from the Charysh River valley in Altai. Type in Leningrad. 18. R.pseudohirculus Schrenk in Fisch. et May., Enum. pl. nov. I, (1841),65.—R.pulchellus var. pseudo-hirculus Trautv. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXIII (1860) 68; Kom. in Tr. SPb. obshch. estestv. (1896) 60.— Russian name: lyutik bolotnyi [palustrine]. Perennial, 7-23 cm high, growing in small groups, sometimes cespitose with stems 4—5cm long (var. caespitosus Ovcz.); stems simple or with 1—3 unequal branches, with one or few flowers, finely sulcate, with long scattered dull and golden semiappressed hairs; radical leaves, petiolate, glabrous or with sparse appressed ciliate hairs, elliptic or lanceolate- elliptic, entire; lower cauline leaf sessile, oblong-lanceolate, entire, tapering toward base and with a long scarious amplexicaul mostly glabrous sheath; upper leaves sessile, narrow-lanceolate, entire, with broadly rounded scarious mostly short-pilose sheaths bearing 2 auricles; peduncles with scarcely discernible grooves, covered with appressed short dull or somewhat rufous golden or almost whitish hairs; flowers large, 2—2.5cm in diameter; petals 5—6, rounded-obovate, slightly tapering toward base, to lcm long; sepals 5-6mm long, more or less retrorse or recurvate, broad-ovate, with scarious border, often reddish, mostly glabrous; fruiting head more or less oblong-conical; fruitlets ovoid, 2.5—3mm long, glabrous, orbicular, convex, with a curved ensiform beak; receptacle glabrous. June—July. Subalpine, rarely alpine meadows, damp meadows beside small rivers and rivulets, and near thawing snow at 3,000—4,000m.— W. Siberia: Alt.; Centr.” Asia: Dzu.>farb., Tam -Alz-@*Sht’ Gen. distrs:) Ind:—riam-, Dzu.-Kash., Mong. Described from the Dzungarian Ala Tau. Type in Leningrad. Note. An extremely variable species. In the Zeravshan River basin a form occurs with very narrow long leaves, a long branched stem, and smaller flowers, hence the similarity to R. longicaulis. In the Dzungarian-Tien Shan a form occurs with very strong growth, larger flowers, and mostly hairy sepals; a Pamir-Tadzhik form with glabrous sepals, smaller growth and smaller flowers is also known. A low-growing cespitose form (var. caespitosus Ovcz.) occurs in the Pamir. However, transitions between all these forms may be found throughout their range. 290 377 Series 2. Tibetici Ovcz.— Plants covered with white hairs; sepals with sericeous hairs; leaves radical, apically tridentate with a large middle tooth, sometimes subentire. 19. R.krasnovii Ovcz., sp. nova in Addenda VI, p.571.—R.pulchellus var. tridentata O.Fedtsch. in A.H.P. XXI (1903) 18. Perennial, 4—9cm high; roots slender, fiberlike, in a bundle; stems one or several, simple, often branched, with strong strict peduncles elongating in fruit and usually longer than the stems, more or less densely covered with semiappressed or spreading long white hairs, rarely glabrate; radical leaves petiolate, glabrous or (especially the petioles) with more or less remote hairs, the blade rounded or slightly cuneate, subentire, more often tridentate, with 2 small lateral teeth and a large oblong-ovate acuminate middle tooth; cauline leaves sessile or subsessile, similar to lower leaves but narrower and deeply incised, with hairy aplexicaul sheaths, the upper leaves entire, lanceolate, or tripartite with linear-lanceolate lobes; peduncles slightly sulcate, more or less densely covered with appressed whitish hairs; flowers 1—1.7cm in diameter; sepals 5, ovate, appressed- hairy, more or less spreading, often with purple margin, 5—6mm long; petals 5—6, obovate, cuneate, apically triangular (with oblique sides), to 9mm long; receptacle glabrous, oblong; fruiting head ovoid; fruitlets glabrous, smooth, with a slender, 0.8—1 mm long twisted or curved, straight or slightly hamate-tipped beak. July. Shortgrass meadows along rivulets at 3,700—4,230m.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. (confined to the Pamir). Gen. distr.: Ind.-Him., Tib. Described from the Pamir (between Lake Kara-Kul' and Muskol Pass). Type in Leningrad. Cycle 2. Auricomi Ovcz.— Radical leaves orbicular or rounded- reniform [in outline], unsegmented and dentate or trifid for more than half their length, with broad segments; cauline leaves divided to base into entire or incised-dentate lobes; receptacle glabrous or hairy; fruitlets hairy. 20. Be aurieamus 1,.,..Sp..pt..(1753) 551;.,Ldb., Fl. Ross. 1, 39,/ex pte.— R. auricomus subsp. typicus Korsh., Fl. Vost. (1892) 89; mums ooh ie £20: Kryl., HL. Zap. Sib. V, 200.— R,auricomus.var. typicus Rupr., Fl. ingr. I (1860) 30.—R.typicus RoZanova in Tr. Petergof. Est.-Nauchn. Inst. (1931) No.8.—Ic.: Rchb., Ic. Fl. Germ. Peo —atsces bri No. doo . Perennial, 20—42cm high, with a more or less dense bundle of root fibers; there are no leafless scales at base of stem, but fibers of dead leaves are often preserved; stems distally branched, with 3-6 or more flowers, glabrous, sulcate; radical leaves 5—6, long-petioled, petioles, with the exception of their distal part, glabrous, sulcate, the outer circle of leaves shed before fruiting, sometimes before anthesis, the leaf blade orbicular or cordate-rounded or reniform-rounded in outline, more or less deeply cordate, deeply 3—5(6)-sect, with oblong broadly cuneate apically broadened acutely incised-dentate lobes (especially the lateral lobes), or if the blade 291 378 379 trilobate then the lateral lobes considerably broader than the middle lobe, and all lobes more or less deeply rounded-incised-dentate; at anthesis [sic!] the leaves always deeply 3—5-partite or with petiolate segments; leaf blade glabrous or glabrate on both surfaces or with inconspicuous short appressed hairs along the veins above, but the young leaves more or less densely hairy along the veins above; leaf teeth rounded or acuminate; cauline leaves parted to base or almost to base into linear or lanceolate entire or very slightly dentate lobes, with short weak hairs at apex and at margins, 1-veined, obtusely rounded or subacute; peduncles appressed- hairy; flowers 1.2-2.2cm in diameter; sepals 6—8cm long, ovate-elliptic, slightly curved, membranous-margined, more or less appressed or slightly distant, covered with weak hairs; petals obovate, 7-10mm long; stamens somewhat longer than the gynoecium; anthers 2mm long; receptacle glabrous, oblong-ellipsoid or oblong; fruitlets 3mm long, with a short remotely short-pubescent beak hamately curved from base. May—June. Floodplain and dry-valley damp boggy meadows, forest margins, occasionally open broadleaf forests, mainly in the forest zone. — Huropean part: ‘Kar.-Lap., Dv.-Pech.,’ Lad.-lilm.:, U. V.; V.-Kama, U. Pup.) i pip., V.-Don: Transv., Bly, lL. Don; Urals; Caucasus: (Cisse: W -siberiaaw. Tobe” Iet.. Alt} "Gen. distri: Centr. Hur., Atl Hur. “Described teens Europe. Type in London. Note. Our conception of R. auricomus almost agrees with W.Koch's description (in Berichte der Schweizerischen Botanischen Gesellschaft, 1933, B.42, Heft 2), but differs somewhat from the accompanying illustration. In the European part of the USSR R.auricomus is less distinguished by its long branches and numerous flowers, as illustrated by Koch (ies Araloreaine f.i.); besides the often petiolate segments — especially the middle segment — of the deeply quinquepartite blade of the radical leaves, there also occur shallowly parted and even subentire leaves. Judging by Linnaeus' description and by illustrations cited by him, such dimorphism of the leaves was formerly [considered as] also characteristic for R. auricomus. In addition to the type form of R. auricomus,in the Upper Volga and Middle Dnieper regions, plants as yet scarcely studied, occur which are closely related to R.biformis W.Koch (lic, i45eu tela 2 aes enciatt characterized by less deeply parted (radical) leaves and by the appearance, at anthesis, of subentire or slightly trilobate leaves. Gia? alae ie orem as palmatipartite leaves develop as far as the base before anthesis). More- over, the flowers of R. biformis are larger than those of R. auri- comus. W.Koch already established a separate species of the series Auricomi —R.puberulus W.Koch, distributed, according to him, in northern Switzerland and in the Jura to the Pays de Waas, France, Bavaria, and the [former] Palatinate. Characteristic for R. puberulus,as distinct from R.auricomus, are the short pubescence of the radical leaves, the subobtuse tips of the leaf lobes, the broader lanceolate or linear- lanceolate lobes of the cauline leaves, and the mostly apically incised often abortive petals. Related to W. Koch's form, but not quite identical with it,is R. auricomus var. palmatus Zing. (described by Zinger). As a result of the inadequate available herbarium material and the lack of detailed field observations, we consider it impossible to separate these forms. 5667 292 380 21. R.cassubius L., Sp. pl. (1753) 551 (p.p. quoad plant. eur.): Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 39 ex pte.- R. auricomus subsp. cassubicus Korsh., Fl. Vost. 1(1892) 90; Ej., Tent. Fl. Ross. Or. 1 (1898) 15; Shmal'g., Fl. I, 20.—R.christii W. Koch in Berichte Schweiz. Bot. Gesell. 43 (1934) 126.—R. pseudocassubicus Christ. ex W. Koch in Berichte Schweiz. Bot. Gesell. 42 (1933) 750.—Ic.: Syreishch., Fl. Mosk. g. I (1907) 160; Fedch. and Fler., Fl. Evr. Ross. (1910) 434; W.Koch, l.c., fabpesOr wi acs. eR ease, =< Vill, Nor 85. Perennial, 30—50cm high; stems long, distally branched, stout, more or less strong, sulcate, with 3—5 or more flowers, with 2 large membranous leafless sheaths at base, often fibrous remains of dead petioles, with a bundle of long firm almost black profusely branched roots and an abbreviated, sometimes well-developed rootstock; radical leaves large, their petioles with more or less long, widely scattered distant hairs or glabrous, the blade often to 9cm long, to 12—16cm broad, rounded-reniform or orbicular, narrowly cordately notched, the uniformly serrate-dentate © margins approximate, sometimes overlapping, with asymmetric broad tapering and subacute narrow but obtuse teeth, the blade remotely appressed- hairy above, with scattered longer hairs beneath; cauline leaves dissected to base, their lobes, as those of lower leaves, distally arranged, cuneate (with the exception of the uppermost), broadened toward apex, uniformly more or less acutely serrate-dentate throughout, paler and glabrous or glabrate beneath, with short scattered hairs, especially along the veins above, peduncles remotely appressed-hairy; receptacle elongated, hairy; flowers 2—3cm in diameter; petals obovate, broadened and rounded at the apex; sepals 7—8mm long, slightly hairy, yellowish-brownish, more or less broad-elliptic; stamens at anthesis overlapping the gynoecium; anthers 2—3.5mm long; fruitlets 4—4.5mm long, very hairy,the slender straight beak to 1.5—1.7mm long, slightly hamate-tipped. May—June. (Plate XXIV, Figure 3). Forests and forest margins, among shrubs in the subzone of broadleaf oak and mixed forests, oak forests penetrating the forest-steppe zone, and in the north in several types of spruce and fir-spruce forests in the coniferous forest zone (e.g., in spruce forest with wood sorrel and broadleaf undergrowth, and in cowberry-spruce, etc.); it also grows in gardens and partes. Musopesn part: ‘Kar.-Lap:, Dv.~Pech.,..Lad.-Ilm., U. V., V.-Kama, U.Dnp., M.Dnp., Bl., S. Urals (Zlatoust area); W. Siberia: Alt. Gen. distr.: Scand., Centr. Eur. Described from Kassubia (N. Poland). Type in London. Note. This species is extremely variable in type of leaf incision. The radical leaves may be entire or more or less deeply tripartite; the cauline leaves — commonly with incised-dentate lobes — are obscurely dentate in some forms. In the typical form, simultaneously with the development of 1 or 2 radical leaves, 2 or 3 more leafless scarious sheaths appear at the base of the stem, while in other cases there are 1 or 2 sheaths, and more leaves (R. christii W.Koch). W.Koch, in his work "Schweizerische Arten ausder Verwandtschaft des Ranunculus auricomus L,' (Berichte der Schweizerischen Botanischen Gesellschaft 1933, B. 42, Heft 2) indicates that R. cassubicus is distinguished from his P.christii not only by the numerous basal scales but in addition by the broader and 293 381 more uniformly dentate lobes of the cauline leaves, by the stamens shorter than the fruiting head (the latter elongates after anthesis), by the longer anthers, and by the larger fruitlets with longer dense hairs and a longer beak. It is, of course, extremely difficult to distinguish between these species on the basis of such characters, and the borderline can only be drawn very tentatively. The complexity of the entire group of R.cas- subicus is increased by the presence of forms transitional to R. auri- comus Li, R.allemaanii Bri=Bl., and R.:.mevracarpws-W.) wocw Detailed field investigati *: of minor forms of R.cassubicus in particular regions together with a study of their ecological-topographic and geographical characteristics provides the best means of discovering the origin of all these forms. In this context, the relevant work of M.A. Rozanova (Tr. Petergof. Est.-Nauchn. Inst. (1931) No.8) is unsuccessful, as species R. alllemann?i Br.-Bl., R.iicassubicus! iy and R. auricomus L.,etc.) have not been separated. 22. R.megacarpus W.Koch in Berichte Schweizer. Bot. Gesell. 43 (1934) 126.-—R.hegetschweileri W.Koch in Berichte Schweizer. Bot. Gesell. 42 (1933) 748.— Ic.: W.Koch, l.c., tab. 29,f.6 (sub R. heget- schweileri).— Exs.: Pl. Finland. exs. No. 221 (sub nom. R. auri- comus var. fallax Wimm.). Perennial, to 18—30cm high, with one or several erect slender few- flowered stems; radical leaves to 2 or 3,to 3—5.5cm broad, 3—4cm long, rounded-reniform [in outline], entire or trifid-trilobate, with a narrow middle lobe and broader lateral lobes, coarsely serrate-dentate, the blade with a broad open base, glabrate or shortly pubescent beneath; 2 or 3 free scarious sheaths at base of stem; cauline leaves palmatipartite to base with lanceolate lobes, the lower irregularly coarsely and mostly remotely dentate, the upper entire, narrow; flowers 2.5—3cm in diameter, sometimes with abortive petals; stamens overtopping the pistil head; fruiting head rounded-ovoid, often with numerous abortive fruitlets; fruitlets to 3—-3.5mm long, to 2.5mm broad, hairy, the siender beak to 1—1.5mm long, straight from the base, strongly and broadly reflexed at the apex, and rarely slightly curved; receptacle covered with short hairs. April—June. Forest meadows and forests. — European part: Kar.-Lap., Dv.-Pech., Lad.-Unmy,, U. Vj V.-Kama,* U.°Dnp:., -M>Dnp:, Besse, Bl sGent diste. Centr. Eur. Described from Switzerland. Type in Zurich. Note. The USSR plant does not entirely match Koch's description and may prove to be a Separate species. The species of M.A. Rozanova (Tr. Petergof. Est.-Nauchn. Inst.) is determined as R.cassubicus var. oblongifolius Rozan. oras R.casubius var. pseudoauri- comus Rozan. orevenas R.auricomuwus var. incisifolius. His easily distinguished by radical leaf blades which are thin, reniform-rounded, entire or tripartite, with a broad sometimes almost straight base, the narrow lanceolate lobes of the cauline leaves — the lower either less or more irregularly dentate than the upper, the hairy receptacle, and the large flowers often with abortive scales. Northern specimens of this plant (from the Leningrad Region) are distinguished by their large size, the pre- dominantly trilobate blade of the radical leaves, and the many-flowered distally profusely branched stems. These plants should perhaps be regarded as a separate species. 294 23. R.allemannii Br.-Bl. inJahresb. Naturf. Ges. Graub., LXVI (1928) 69 (non vidi); Koch in Berichte Schweizerisch. Bot. Gesell. 42 (1933) 747.— R.auricomus typicus var. reniformis Rozan. in Tr. Petergof. Est.-Nauchn. Inst. (1931) No.8 ex pee. 2c... Oech. a. ce.) Vabt 20. "£55" Perennial, 25—40(—45)cm high; rootstock mostly abbreviated, slender, with a bundle of root fibers; stems with 1—2 somewhat grayish brown basal scales, slender, mostly solitary, glabrous, simple, distally branching, with 2 or 3 or several flowers; radical leaves 2 or 3, sometimes one, long-petioled, reniform-rounded, with a straight or slightly notched base, margins very distant, never approximate, coarsely dentate with broad teeth, terminating in a thickened callous subobtuse prickle, the entire blade to 1.5—4cm long, to 2.5—6(—8)cm broad, entire or especially in leaves which develop later — cleft to the middle, rarely beyond, into 3 unequal sections with the lateral broader than the middle section; leaf blade paler green beneath than above, its very conspicuous veins bearing short appressed bristles on the upper surface; cauline leaves divided to base into linear or linear-lanceoiate entire lobes; peduncles elongated in fruit, finely pubescent; fruitlets small, 2.6—3.6mm long, pubescent, orbicular or somewhat rounded-ovate, the slender straight beak, hamate-tipped, rarely hamately curved from the base. June—August. Damp, sometimes peaty meadows, valleys of rivulet, sometimes in alder groves.— European part: Lad.-Im., Dv.-Pech. Described from Switzerland. Note. The geography of this species has not been studied. We assign to this species the most typical specimens in the regions indicated above. It is distinguished from the typical R.allemannii by larger flowers and fruitlets. It sometimes resembles R.megacarpus, from which it is distinguished by smaller flowers,a slightly pubescent receptacle, and narrow entire cauline leaf lobes; moreover, these plants seem to occupy different habitats. 382 24. R.monophyllus Ovcz. in Not. Syst. Herb. Hort. Petrop. III (1922) 54.—R.auricomus var. sibiricus GlehninA.H.P. IV (1876) 16.— R:auricomus subsp. sibiricus Korsh., Fl. Vost. Evr. Ross. (1892) 89; Shmal's., Fl] I, 20.—R.auricomus Ldb., Fl. Ross. I (1842) 39 (quoad pl. sibiricam, non al).— R. cassubicus Ldb., Fl. Ross. I (1842) ex pte (quoad. pl. sibiricam, non al.).— R. sibiricus Rozan. (non Korsh.) in Tr. Petergof. Est.-Nauchn. Inst. (1931) 1 No.8.—R.ochotensis Rozan., ibs. Rodahuricus Rozan., ib.— Exs.: HFR, No. 204. Perennial, 15—20(—25)cm high, with a bundle of slender roots and an abbreviated, rarely developed slender rootstock; leafless scales at base of stem at least 2,the upper considerably larger than the lower; stems solitary, erect or ascending, glabrous, sulcate; weak, simple or with 2 or 3, rarely more, branches in upper part, with 1—3, rarely 5 or 6 flowers; radical leaves one, rarely several, long-petioled, cordate-rounded, the blade more or less narrowly notched, with nonconverging margins or rarely more or less straight and then the blade reniform-rounded with an incised-dentate margin or rarely trilobate with a narrower more or less oblong middle lobe, glabrous beneath, glabrate above, with minute appressed almost setose hairs along the veins, with oblong-acuminate or broad, simple aa or cleft teeth, with slightly callous-obtuse apexes; cauline leaves parted 295 383) Gol I Gi (Allies 4 ; By WAS Ae | AN Wwe \ PLATE XXIV, 1—Ranunculus krylovii Ovcz., radical leaf and fruitlet; 2-—R.monophyllus Ovez., fruitlet; 3 —R.cassubicus L., fruitlet; 4—R.brotherusii Freyn, fruitlet; 5 —R.popovii Ovez., fruitlet; 6 —R.dolosus Fisch. et Mey., fruitlet. 296 to base or almost to base into linear-lanceolate entire elongate lobes, occasionally some lobes incised, with one or rarely 2 elongated veins, glabrous beneath, glabrous or glabrate above, minutely ciliolate-margined; peduncles slightly pubescent; flowers 1.4—1.8cm in diameter; sepals curved, distant, glabrate, 5-7mm long,more or less elliptic with membranous distal margin; petals rounded-obovate, 9-10mm long; receptacle covered with minute inconspicuous hairs or glabrous; fruitlets 2.5—3mm long, covered with a minute very sparse down, sometimes sub- glabrate, the short slightly lateral beak to 1mm long, straight, hamate- tipped. May—July. (Plate XXIV, Figure 2). Damp meadows, riverbanks, rarely in grassy bogs and in mixed or birch forests in the forest zone, and occasionally in the forest-steppe zone. — Arenc, Are. us:,-Are. Sib); .Earopéean’part:/Kar.-Lap.) (Dv.-Pech), V.-Kama, Urals; W.Siberia: Ob, U.Tob., Irt., Alt.; E.Siberia: Yenis., Lena-Kol., Ang.-Say., Dau.; Far East: Kamch., Okh., Ze.-Bu., Uda, Uss., Sakh. Gen. distr.: Mong.?, Jap.-Ch. Described from the Bashkir ASSR (vicinity of Ufa). Type in Leningrad. 25. R.krylovii Ovez., sp. nova in Addenda VI, p.570.—R. mono- phyttaet. lati seetus Ovez! in Not: Syst. Hort. Bot.: Petrop- iil (1922) 55; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V (1931) 1200.—R.altaicus Rozan. in Tan Peterpor? Est /~“Nauchn. Inst. (1931) No.8, non Laxim. (1773). Perennial, 10—20(—28)cm high, with a bundle of fiberlike roots anda short slender rootstock; leafless scales at base of stem 1—2; stems 1 or 2 to several, erect or ascending, weak, simple, rarely branching in upper part, 1—2(3)-flowered, glabrous, sometimes scarcely pubescent at the very summit; lower radical leaves 1—2(3), long-petioled, reniform-rounded, cordate, mostly trifid for more than half of their length, with broad asymmetrically rhombic more or less coarsely rounded-incised-dentate lobes, rarely the leaf blade unsegmented with rounded teeth, with scattered minute white lustrous hairs on both surfaces and rounded-oblong entire or small isolated teeth, abruptly terminating in a subobtuse point; petioles glabrous; cauline leaves parted to base or almost to base into large oblong-rhombic lobes, with irregularly rounded-incised-dentate margins, very scattered minute hairs above, glabrous or glabrate with 3—4 veins beneath; peduncles shortly appressed pubescent; flowers 1.2—1.5(—2) cm in diameter; sepals obovate-elliptic, slightly pubescent, 5-7mm long, slightly spreading; petals obovate, 7-10mm long;receptacle glabrous, oblong; [immature] fruitlets (mature fruits not seen by the author) 1.5—2mm long, with a very sparse short down, the beak short, straight, to 0.5—0.75mm long, hamately reflexed at the tip. June—August. (Plate XXIV, Figure 1). Damp mixed forests, small birch forest outliers, mountains near the timberline, and patches of snow.— W.Siberia: Alt.; ‘Centr. Asia: Dzu.- Tarb., T. Sh. Endemic. Described from the Kuznetsk Ala Tau in the Altai. Type in Leningrad. 386 26. R.anadyriensis Ovcz. in Not. Syst. Hort. Bot. Petrop. III (1922) 56. Perennial, 20—35cm high; stems strong,more or less stout, slightly branched; radical leaves reniform-rounded, incised; lobes of cauline 297 387 leaves oblong-lanceolate, entire or scarcely dentate, petiolate; flowers to 2cm in diameter; fruiting head oblong or long-oblong; style straight with hamate tip. Arctic: Anadyr. Endemic. Described from the Anadyr River valley. Type in Leningrad. Cycle 3. Subtiles Ovcz.— Radical leaves somewhat cartilaginous, orbicular or transversely elliptic, entire or cleft; fruitlets without a border, scarcely compressed laterally, glabrous; receptacle hairy. 27. R.subtilis Trautv. in Bull. Acad. Pétersb., X (1866) 393; Rupr., Fl. Cauc:, (1869) 27; Ni Busehiin Bl. caue. crit. 11,3 (1903) 130. —ster Rupr} lsei; stabi is f. 2k Bs. Herbs, Pies Rosseattcad., Retrop., .aeiwer XV iwINow a2: Perennial, 17—33(—42)cm high; stems solitary, slender, erect, simple or slightly branched in upper part, 1—3-flowered, covered with sparsely short setose appressed hairs; radical leaves long-petioled, their petioles more or less curved with sparse appressed short finely setaceous hairs and a very short narrow scarious-lanate sheath, the leaf blade rigidulous, more or less transversely elliptic in outline, with particularly prominent veins beneath, glabrous, entire, almost cordate-rounded or rounded at base, rounded or truncate and coarsely rounded-dentate at apex, rarely the blade somewhat trilobate-cleft, characteristically the blade somewhat pendent (at an angle, rather than vertical, teeth apiculate and usually confined to distal part of blade, cauline leaves 1 or 2,deeply 2—4-partite, with linear lobes, rarely a sessile lower cauline leaf similar to the radical leaves; fruiting peduncles somewhat canaliculate, with scattered appressed setae; receptacle with a tuft of short setose hairs; sepals glabrous, rarely glabrate, divergent, oblong-elliptic or ovate-oblong, obtuse, 7(7.5)mm long, tapering to base with a thin scarious border, flowers 2—2.6cm in diameter; petals 5, occasionally up to 8, obovate, scarcely crenulate, 11—13mm long; fruitlets to 3mm long, obovate, laterally compressed, carinate-margined (especially dorsally); fruitlet with a more or less conspicuous vein; beak to 0.5—0.75mm long, broadening toward base, curved, and somewhat hamate- tipped. June—July. Meadows and banks of rivulets in the subalpine and alpine zones to 2,100m.— Caucasus: W.Transc. Endemic. Described from Mt. Nakhar in Abkhazia. Type in Leningrad. 28. R.suukensis N. Busch in Tr. Bot. Muz. Ak. Nauk., XIX (1926) 80 = le): Wilt cet Sp Gone se Lil Perennial, 15—38cm high; stems 1 or 2, smooth, glabrous, slender, more or less flexuous, finely canaliculate, simple or usually distally 1-or2- branched, with elongated slender more or less flexuous sericeous-hairy peduncles, bearing one to several flowers; radical leaves with long slender smooth petioles, the blade 1.3-3.8cm long, 2.2—7cm broad, reniform- rounded in outline, mostly with an acutely cordate open base, rarely broadly cuneate (as in R. subtilis), entire or shallowly tripartite, the median segment more or less oblong-elliptic, the lateral broad-obovate: all segments as also the entire margin of the blade to the marginal 298 388 excrescences of its base broadly rounded-dentate, the blade glabrous, short- ciliate-margined, dark green above, with a glaucescent tinge beneath; cauline leaves sessile, deeply 3—5-partite, their lobes lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, entire or with isolated teeth; sepals glabrate, spreading, 6—7mm long, oblong-elliptic or oblong-ovate, obtuse; flowers 2.3-2.4cm in diameter; petals 5, broad-obovate, slightly emarginate; receptacle ciliate-hairy, especially above; fruitlets broad-ovate, 3—3.3mm long, laterally much compressed, minutely puncticulate, with a thin greenish border, and an elongated hamately curved beak to 1mm long. June. Rocks.— Caucasus: Cisc. (Balkariya). Endemic. Described from the Suuk-auz River gorge in Balkariya. Type in Leningrad. Cycle 4. Affines Ovcz.— Radical leaves palmatipartite, with 3 to many narrow linear or lanceolate lobes; cauline leaves also palmatipartite, with linear lobes; fruitlets glabrous or pubescent. Series 1. Pedatifidi Ovcz.— Radical leaves multipartite, if tripartite then the segments deeply palmatifid or palmatipartite; fruitlets glabrous or pubescent. 29. R.affinis R. Br. in Suppl. append. Parry's Voyage, I (1824) CCLXV; Schlecht. in Linnaea VI, 577; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 37 ex pte; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V, 1199.—R.pedatifidus Schlecht., Animadv. in Ranuncul. II (1820) 18 (excl. syn. DC.); Kom., Fl. Kamch. II, 146 (non Smith). — Ic.: Hook., Fl. bor.-amer. I, (1833), tab.6, f. A-—a (excl. 8). Perennial, 7—30(—34)cm high; roots slender, grayish brown, slightly branched; radical leaves long-petioled, glabrous or with scattered hairs, broadly triangular-ovate or rounded-ovate in outline, with notched or more or less cuneate base, tripartite almost to base, the segments palmately parted to middle or above into 7(8) mostly linear-lanceolate or lanceolate- entire or partially incised-dentate lobes, the middle lobe longer and broader than the rest; cauline leaves 2—4, sessile, glabrous or with scattered hairs (lowermost leaf sometimes petiolate), 4—7-palmatipartite to base, with entire linear or lanceolate sometimes incised-dentate lobes; stems one to several, slender, erect, sulcate, glabrous or with scattered slender flexuous hairs throughout, simple, rarely slightly branched, with 1 or 2, rarely more flowers, often with dark brown fibers of dead petioles at base; peduncles sulcate, glabrous or with scattered hairs; flowers 1.2—2(2.5)cm in diameter; petals mostly 5, rounded-obovate, 6—10mm long; sepals drooping, rounded-elliptic or ovate, 6—-7mm long, with whitish or yellowish- whitish hairs, rarely glabrate; fruiting head ovoid or ovoid-oblong; receptacle hairy, oblong-cylindric in fruit; fruitlets 2—2.3mm long, obovoid or oblong obovoid, laterally somewhat convex, glabrous (var. leiocarpa Trautyv.) or with scattered short hairs; beak 0.3—-0.5mm long, basally oblique with hamate tip. July—August. Dry slopes and gravelly or stony shores in the polar-Arctic zone. — Arctic: Arc. Eur., Nov. Z., Arc. Sib., Chuk., An.; E.Siberia: Lena- Kol.? Far East: Kamch. Gen. distr.: Arctic, Ber. Described from Arctic America. 390 30. R.pedatifidus Sm. in Rees, Cyclop. XXIX (1818) No.72; DC., Syst. Veg. 1 (1818) 275; “Ldb jl. "Ress. 1(1842).732. — BR yam oe mulsmidaegeely Alt, Il, (1830)'322> Kryl3 Fl: Zap. Sibs V7 1198. oR callin xc eb eee Ross. I, (1842) 37 ex pte.— Ic.: Ldb., Ic. Pl. Fl. Ross. II, (1830), tab. 113 (sub nom. R. amoenus). Perennial, 7—20cm high; stem usually one, with a bundle of slender cordlike fibers, erect, sulcate, often somewhat curved above, densely covered throughout with obliguqely divergent or drooping soft broken long white sometimes tangled hairs, simple or slightly branched, with one or few flowers; radical leaves long-petioled, with scattered long weak hairs, the blade more or less ovate or broad-ovate in outline, usually somewhat cordately notched, mostly deeply 7—15-pedatipartite, with linear-lanceolate or lanceolate unequally 2—3-incised-dentate lobes, the middle lobe more or less deeply incised into distant lobules or else the blade distinctly tripartite for more than half its length, with the middle part narrower and long, broadly cuneate-oblong, mostly trifid, the lateral parts broad, shallowly parted into broadly obcuneate 2—3-incised-dentate lobules; cauline leaves 3—5-palmatipartite almost to base, with elongate linear or linear-lanceolate entire or slightly incised-dentate lobes, sessile, with a short broad sheath; peduncles more or less densely appressed-hairy, finely (proximally conspicuously) suleate; flowers 2—2.5cm in diameter; petals 5—7, obovate, cuneate, slightly crenulate proximally; sepals 5, ovate, obtuse, with white scarious margin, covered with more or less long downy hairs, half as long as petals; receptacle cylindric, with short hairs; fruiting head more or less ovoid-oblong; fruitlets 2(2.5) mm long, rounded-ovoid, slightly convex, with short hairs, rarely glabrous; beak a very short, hamately curved or straight, apically bent, slightly subacutely bordered along ventral suture. June—July. Rocks, dry slopes, occasionally solonetzic meadows, mainly in the sub- alpine zone.— W.Siberia: Alt., Dzu.-Tarb. Gen. distr.: Mong. (Alt.). Described from Altai. Type in London. 31. R.rigescens Turcz. in Sched.; in Not. syst. VII (1937). Perennial, 10-19cm high; roots fiberlike-cordlike, fascicular; radical leaves long-petioled, the petioles glabrous or with scattered long weak flexuous hairs, the blade dimorphic: in some leaves somewhat ovate- rounded, entire, cordate, the whole margin deeply rounded-incised-dentate, the middle tooth larger, ovate-oblong, entire or with 3 minute teeth; other leaves deeply palmatipartite, with more or less broad-lanceolate entire, sometimes 1—2-toothed lobes, the middle lobe longer, leaf blade glabrate, rigidulous; cauline leaves sessile, 3—5-palmatipartite, almost to base, with lanceolate or linear almost always entire lobes; stems canaliculate throughout, slightly hairy or glabrate, 1—3-flowered, usually branched distally, with long erect slightly sulcate peduncles, appressed-hairy in fruit: flowers small, pale yellow, 0.8—1.5cm in diameter; petals 5, obovate, undulate-crenate, rarely almost incised; sepals ovate, whitish-bordered, more or less appressed-hairy; receptacle elongated, shortly pubescent; fruiting head oblong; fruitlets small, 1.5mm long, especially when immature covered with a fine down, orbicular or obovate-rounded, with somewhat convex sides, the beak carinate especially dorsally with a hamate tip. June. 300 391 Meadows in river valleys and deep narrow gullies, solonetzic places, pebbly river beds, and occasionally in open broadleaf forests. — E. Siberia: Ang.-Say., Dau. Gen. distr.: Mong. Described from the Irkutsk area. Type in Leningrad. Series 2. Polyrhizi Ovcz.— Radical leaves rounded-reniform [in outline], deeply tripartite or trisected into dentate or lobate or entire cuneate segments; fruitlets pubescent; roots cordlike, somewhat thickened. 32. R.polyrhizus Steph. in Willd., Sp. pl. 11 (1799) 1324; Ldb., Fl. Resse i, 49; >Shmal's yo 3h.o1,9205) Kryle Fla Zap: Sib. V,. 1202, —-Ies: M.B., Pl. rar. Ross. I(1810),tab.19; Deless., Icon. pl. sel. I (1820) tab. 38.— Exs.: HFE No. 801. Perennial, 8—17cm high, glabrous, with numerous thickened cordlike bundles of fibers; stems usually one, sometimes 2 or 3, erect or somewhat ascending, weak, distally branched, with slender curved more or less spreading branches, mostly 2—5-flowered; radical leaves petiolate, the blade more or less reniform or rounded-reniform in outline, deeply tripartite or trisected and then the segments, especially the middle one, more or less tapering to a petiolelike base, the middle segment oblong- obovate, cuneate, with 3 rounded apical teeth or small lobes, sometimes the middle segment entire and then the middle tooth (or lobe) larger, the lateral segments broader than the middle one, bifid, with entire obtuse, often rounded- dentate lobes; cauline leaves at the base of peduncles deeply 3—4-palmati- partite with entire-oblong or lanceolate lobes; bracts sessile, 2—3-partite, with linear lobes; peduncles finely sulcate, often divaricate, in groups of 2 or 3, glabrous or minutely hairy distally; flowers 1.5—2cm in diameter; sepals 5, half the length of the petals, more or less broad-ovate, with numerous prominent rather dark longitudinal partly branching veins, glabrous or covered with inconspicuous short hairs, the distal edge whitish or lilac- scarious; petals 5—6, obovate, with prominent veins on both surfaces, the margin rounded, sometimes obscurely crenately notched; fruitlets 2mm long, laterally convex, more or less obovate or oblong-obovate, covered with a short down with a whitish-scarious border along the keel extending to base and along part of the ventral suture, somewhat diverging from the back, with a more or less distinct faint vein, often flattened basally, inflated higher up; the beak to 0.3mm, usually curved or straight; receptacle glabrous. April—May. Depressions in solonetzic steppes, sandy chernozem steppes with forb and feathergrass, sometimes abandoned fields, dry gravelly slopes, and in mountains to 800—1,600m.— European part: M.Dnp.?, V.-Don, Transv., Bl., L.Don, L.V.; Caucasus: Cisc.?, S.Transc.(?); W.Siberia: U.Tob., Irt., Alt.; Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb., T. Sh. Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur. (Galicia), Dzu.-Kash. (Kuldja). Described from Siberia. Type in Berlin. Note. N.A. Busch (Fl. cauc. crit. III, 3, p. 133) considers Bieberstein's record of this species for Ciscaucasia (Me Bis Fl. daunereauccally;e 24g 11h, 380) erroneous. In my opinion, records of its occurrence in Armenia must likewise be considered erroneous. 301 392 33. R.ussuriensis Kom. in Not. Syst. H.B.P. VI, 1 (1926) 7.— R. polyrhizus > var. major 'Meaxim.> “Prim. Pl) Amur, (1859) 201.— R.polyrhizos Kom. in A.H.P. XXII, 1 (1903) 296, non Steph. Perennial, 18—30cm high, sometimes smaller (var. minor Ovcz.), somewhat fleshy, glabrate, with 1—3 ascending distally branched Striated stems; roots in a compact bundle of numerous fibers; radical leaves numerous, long-petioled, the blade reniform in outline, deeply cordate, deeply tripartite or trifid, the lobate-rounded-dentate segments approximate, sometimes distally overlapping, margin scarcely short-ciliate, sometimes with scattered short appressed cilia on both surfaces or else glabrous; cauline leaves sessile, 3—4-partite to base, the segments of lower leaves often petiolulate, all segments cuneate, almost oblong-rhombic or oblong- obtriangular, unequally 3—4-toothed or lobate-cleft, or oblong-lanceolate, entire in the upper leaves; segments of bracts less deeply cleft or entire; peduncles finely sulcate, more or less densely covered with short appressed hairs; flowers mostly 2—4, 1.6—2.2cm in diameter, yellow; sepals 5, somewhat curved, ovate, acuminate, covered with short white hairs; petals broad-obovate, 1.5 times as long as sepals with somewhat uneven margin; receptacle more or less oval, glabrous; fruiting head ovoid, fruitlets rounded-obovate or orbicular, convex, 1.8—2.1mm long, covered with a short down, abruptly passing into a 0.3-—0.4mm-long beak, straight from base and then bent in a long hook or even involute, readily drying out and breaking at the tip; fruitlets with a dorsal vein and a narrow sulcate border appearing attenuate at base. May. Riparian semishrubs in sandy and silty soil, but mainly in damp mixed and broadleaf forests, forest ravines, and bottoms of river valleys. — Far East: Ze.-Bu., Uss. Gen. distr.: Jap.-Ch. Described from the Far East. Type in Leningrad. Note. Anearly spring plant. According to Academician Komarov, it may be a relict of the Tertiary forest flora (Kom., l.c., p.8). 34. R.lasiocarpus C.A.M. in Ldb., Fl. Alt. II (1830) 323; Ldb., FI. Ross.’ 1,37; Kryl.j °F]! Zap."Sib.! V (1981), 11979—de.p*Laby lee Pi Ee. Ross., (1830), tab. 112. Perennial; 8—20cm high, with 1 or 2 stems; rootstock thickened, abbreviated, with a bundle of slender little-branched grayish brown fibers; stem simple, rounded, thickened, 1-flowered, glabrous, sulcate; peduncles covered with short appressed yellowish whitish hairs; radical leaves rounded-reniform in outline, long-petioled, glabrous, tripartite, with broadly rounded-cuneate subacutely lobate-cleft, almost petiolulate segments; cauline leaves 2—3, sessile or sometimes the lowermost leaf petiolate similar to the radical, the others deeply palmatipartite almost to base; flowers 1.7—2.3cm in diameter; sepals 5, ovate, spreading, recurved brownish yellowish or reddish brownish, more or less distinctly striated, shorter than the petals, 6—7(8)mm long, with more or less sparse appressed short whitish hairs; petals 8—14, arranged in 2—3 series, golden yellow, obovate, rounded cuneate, 0.8—1.2cm long; receptacle densely short- pubescent; ovaries pubescent; fruitlets obliquely rounded-ovoid, 2—2.2mm long, smooth, somewhat compressed laterally but with convex sides, the dorsal beak straight, slightly bent distally, sometimes laterally convolute, 302 393 tapering, the fruitlet with few short hairs along the margins and on the underside. June—July. Alpine tundras, damp habitats, and alpine meadows on glacial moraines. — W.Siberia: Alt. Endemic. Described from alpine meadows at the upper reaches of the Chegan River in Altai. Type in Leningrad. Series 3. Tangutici Ovcz.— Densely hairy plants; radical leaves, or at least some of them, cuneate, deeply divided into lanceolate lobes, or dentate. 35. R.brotherusii Freyn in Bull. Herb. Boiss. VI (1898) 885; O. et B. Fedtsch. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XXVII, 417.—R.irenchabirgae Rgl. in herb.— R.affinis O. et B. Fedtsch., Consp. Fl. Turk. I (1906) 12, non R.Br. Perennial, small, 3—7(10)cm high, forming small mats, with a bundle of slender threadlike distally, slightly thickened root fibers; stems slender, mostly 1 or 2-flowered, densely covered throughout with semiappressed, distally with appressed white rigid hairs; radical leaves long-petioled, with scattered short white appressed hairs, deeply tripartite, the segments sessile, oblong-ovate in the lower leaves, oblong-cuneate in the upper, their apexes either entire obtuse or more or less deeply 2—4-incised-dentate; cauline leaves small, sessile, the lowermost rarely short-petioled, 2—4- partite, with subacute oblong-linear hairy lobes; flowers small, 8-12mm in diameter; sepals spreading, yellowish green, hairy, oblong-elliptic, 3—6mm long; petals 5,to 5-7mm long, oblong-obovate, tapering to a tubular claw; receptacle glabrous, the perianth often persistent in fruit; fruiting head oblong-ovoid; fruitlets (immature!) convex-rounded-ovoid; beak slender, straight, glabrous, not more than 1.2—1.5mm long, with hamate tip. June-July. (Plate XXIV, Figure 4). Alpine meadows and stony fields above 3,000m.— Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (mainly eastern half). Gen..distr.: Dzu.-Kash. (Chinese part of Tien Shan). Described from the Naryn River valley in the Terskei Ala Tau Range in Tien Shan. Note. This species is closely related to the Middle Asian R. tangu- ticus Ovecz., from which it is clearly distinguished by its less divided leaves with sessile segments, smaller growth, glabrous receptacle, and compact fruiting head. It is remote from R.affinis, with which it has been identified by some authors. 36. R.popovii Ovcz., sp. nova in Addenda VI, p.570. Perennial, 4—6cm high, with 2—4 or more stems, with 4 to many flowers; stems divaricate from base, branching, densely covered with semiappressed subtomentose soft hairs, with a thickened crown and with a bundle of long somewhat cordlike-thickened roots; radical leaves petiolate, with an elongated whitish hairy sheath, oblong or spatulate- cuneate, trilobate-dentate-cleft with a larger middle tooth or the blade cuneate-ovate, deeply 3—5(6)-parted into oblong-lanceolate entire or — especially the lateral parts — deeply bifid lobes, the blade remotely short- hairy, glaucescent; the lowermost cauline leaves petiolate, similar to the radical, the upper sessile, parted almost to base into 3—4 elongate 303 linear-oblong or linear lobes; peduncles, especially their branches, converging in fruit, densely covered with short hairs; flowers light yellow, 0.8—1.4cm in diameter; sepals slightly shorter than petals, ovate, densely hairy, with a whitish yellowish border, 4—5mm long, often persistent in fruit, as are (to some extent) the petals; petals 5, more or less oblong- obovate, 6—8mm long, tapering to a conspicuous claw; fruiting head oblong- ovoid, compact withnumerous partly abortive fruitlets; receptacle oblong, with short hairs; fruitlets to 1.2—1.8mm long, ovoid-rounded, convex, with scattered short hairs at the sides, slightly carinate, the beak short, straight, with a somewhat bent tip. June—July. (Plate XXIV, Figure 5). Dry slopes.— Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (E.). Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash. Described from the Sarykol'skii Range in Kashgaria. Type in Leningrad. 394 37. R.pamiri Korsh. in Bull. Acad. Pétersb. 5 sér. IX, No. 5 (1898) 400; O. et B. Fedtsch. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XXVII (1900) 415.—Ie.: orcas, ales, tabbiglitp 70% Perennial, 7-14cm high; roots slender, cordlike,in a compact bundle; stems strict, glabrous or with isolated weak white hairs, simple and 1-flowered orelsel-or 2-branched and 3-flowered; radical leaves somewhat coriaceous, petiolate, glabrous, ovate-elliptic or broad-ovate, broadly cuneate, dimorphic: some unequally lobate-partite almost to base into entire or somewhat dentate lobes with the larger middle lobe entire and apically rounded, other leaves trifid, with an entire oblong to almost obovate middle lobe and broad lateral lobes, these 3—4-lobate-cleft, with marginal teeth gradually diminishing in size toward the denticulate base, all teeth or lobes orbicular, obtuse; cauline leaves 1 or 2, sessile, with elongated semiamplexicaul ciliolate sheaths with broad white-scarious edges, tripartite to base or almost to base, lobes not entire, sometimes partly cleft, unequal, narrow-lanceolate; peduncles more or less elongated, strong, with appressed short and slender white hairs, sulcate; flowers 1.9—2.3cm in diameter; petals 5 or 6,broad-obovate, 9—10mm long; sepals with appressed white hairs, reddish with a white-scarious border, revolute, to 6mm long; receptacle conical, glabrous; pistils glabrous, with a short somewhat bent beak (mature fruits not seen); petals with a basal nectariferous gland in a short distally flattened saccule without excrescences. August. The indigenous (classical) habitat of this plant is the boggy grass plots around Lake Sasyk-kul' in the Pamir. Type in Leningrad. Note. As no fruits have been seen, the systematic status of this species remains unclear. However, the leaves indicate that it is probably related to the series Pedatifidae. 397 Cycle 5. Nivales Ovcz.— Radical leaves glabrous, reniform, rounded- reniform, ovate, or cuneate-ovate, 3—5-fid for less than half or for half their length, rarely for more than half their length, or 3—5-toothed; sepals with dark grayish brown, rufous, or golden hairs, rarely glabrous or with whitish hairs (R. pauperculus Ovez.); fruitlets glabrous. 304 (395) i> /Z iy =< i WEE: ) aX PLATE XXV. 1—Ranunculus rufosepalus Franch., a) fruiting head, b) fruitlet, c) stamen; 2—R.rubrocalyx Rgl., a) stamen, b) fruitlet; 3—R.trautvetterianus Rgl., a) stamen, b) fruitlet; 4—R.songaricus Schrenk, a) fruitlet, b) stamen. 305 398 Series 1. Nivales Ovcz.— Radical leaves basally notched; sepals with dark grayish brown or golden hairs, occasionally glabrous. 38, Renivalis L., Sp. pl., (0753) 553; DC., Prodry ||, 35, nemmeun, (excl. var. sulphureus); Lob, Fl.)Ross., 1, 36.4 Exs.: Herb, morn, edit. ab J. Dorfler, No. 4808; Pl. Finl. exsicc., No. 600. Perennial, to 4-(7)—-16 em, in fruit to 20cm high; ‘rootstock slender, abbreviated, with a bundle of slender whitish fibers; stem simple, 1-flowered, single, rarely 2 or 3,more or less curved, with scattered black-brown hairs at the very tip, sometimes also next to the cauline leaves, otherwise glabrous; radical leaves one, rarely several, petiolate, glabrous, small, to 2—6cm long, 1.8—2.5cm broad, the blade thin, reniform in outline, cleft almost to base or for half its length into 3 or 5 ovate, obovate, or oblong- ovate entire or obtusely 1—2-toothed distally tapering subobtuse segments; cauline leaves 1—3, thin, glabrous, sessile, with a short amplexicaul sheath, the lower sometimes similar to the radical but usually like the upper, deeply 3(5)-lobate-partite, generally with oblong medially somewhat broadened subobtuse lobes, sometimes the lobes with 1—2 rounded teeth; flowers 1.3-—2cm in diameter; sepals ovate or rounded-elliptic, 6-9mm long, more or less distant, densely covered with black-brown or dark brown hairs; petals 5, yellow, obovate, cuneate, apically rounded, 10-11 mm long; receptacle glabrous, elongated; fruiting head oblong-elliptic, compact; fruitlets glabrous, ovoid, the beak — about as long as the ripe ovary — straight, tapering toward apex with somewhat bent tip. June—August. Boggy tundras, damp places, riverbanks, and shaded slopes.— Arctic: Arc. EBur., Nov. Z., ‘Arc. Sib., @iuke; An.; Eugepean part: Katee: Lap. Gen. distr.: Arc., Scand., Ber. Described from Norwegian Lapland. Type in London. Note. The typical R. nivalis does not occur in Kamchatka; however, another species grows there and is distinguished by the dentate orbicular blade of its radical leaves, by its stronger growth, and by its larger flowers with often emarginate petals — characters which bring it close to R.altaicus Laxm. 39. R.eschscholtzii Schlecht., Animadyv. Ranunc., (1820) 16; Ldb., Fl. Ross. |, Sts 2 Kone? PI Kamieh, 11, 140.— Ic.:\. Schlecht Sites, table Perennial, 7-23 cm high, with 1—3 stems and a short poorly developed oblique rootstock bearing slender roots, rootstock distally concealed by dark grayish brown almost black remnants of leaves; radical leaves long- petioled, glabrous, ciliate only at the margin, rounded-reniform in outline, cordate, tripartite for more than half their length, their segments cuneate from middle to base, the middle one obovate, trilobate-cleft, with obtuse or subacute lobes, the lateral considerably broader, subacutely multilobate- cleft, with lobes gradually diminishing basipetally, becoming dentifcrm at the very base; cauline leaves 2 or 3, the lower short-petioled or subsessile, the upper sessile, sometimes 2 leaves closely approached, broadly semiobovate, 3—5-partite almost to base, the segments more or less cuneate, lobate-cleft or dentate in uppermost leaves subentire; peduncles scarcely sulcate, glabrous or glabrate, usually with an appressed lobate-partite sessile bract, elongating in fruit; receptacle oblong-elliptic with isolated 306 erect hairs at the very apex; flowers 1.8cm in diameter; sepals spreading, navicularly, more or less obovate, with scattered rufous subappressed hairs; petals 5, golden yellow, broad-obovate, crenate, usually longer than the sepals; fruiting head compact, oblong-ovoid orcylindric; fruitlets small, total length to 2.1—2.3(2.5)mm long, convex, smooth, glabrous, the beak dorsal, elongated, sharply defined, to 0.5—0.7mm long, laterally inclined, straight from base, tip bent or straight (due to drying). Arctic: Chuk., Komandorskie Islands. Gen. distr.: Ber., N.Am. (in mountains as far south as California and Colorado). Described from Unalaska Island. Type in Berlin; cotype in Leningrad. 40. R.pauperculus Ovcz.,sp. nova in Addenda VI, p.571.—R.esch- scholtzii var. asiaticus Kom. in Fl. Kamch. II (1929) 140. Perennial, small, 7—15cm high, with 1 or 2 stems, glabrous, with a short oblique rootstock bearing a dense bundle of elongated roots, distally with black-brown leaf remnants; radical leaves glabrous, more or less © cordate, with slender petioles gradually broadening to a glabrous scarious sheath, the leaf blade reniform-rounded in outline, 1—1.3cm long, 1.5-—2.1cm broad, slender, glabrous, sometimes with semiappressed sparse marginal hairs hairs, deeply tripartite, the middle segment oblong-obovate, entire, rounded, rarely with 2 small teeth at distal margin, the lateral segments much broader, unequally obovate, 2—4-lobate-cleft or obtusely lobate-dentate- cleft, cauline leaves almost always sessile, deeply trilobate-cleft, the segments entire, more or less lanceolate, sometimes somewhat cleft, the upper bracts 2—3-fid into entire lobes; peduncles glabrous, slender, weak, scarcely sulcate; receptacle glabrous, cylindric; flowers small,1.3—1.5cm in diameter; sepals ovate, obtuse, with a narrow scarious often lilac border, glabrous or with sparse rufous hairs, shorter than, sometimes as long as petals; petals obovate; fruiting head oval-cylindric, 7mm long, 3.5-4mm in diameter; fruitlets small, 2mm long together with beak, obovate, smooth, glabrous, with convex sides, sharply set off from the beak, the latter slender, almost piliform, straight and then 1mm long or hamately curved from the middle. July—August. Alpine meadows and beside rivulets.— Far East: Kamch. (including Karaginskii Island). Endemic. Described from Kamchatka. Type in Leningrad. Note. This species appears to be an impoverished form of R. esch- scholtzii to which it is certainly related. However, the mostly glabrous smaller sepals, the entire middle segment of the radical leaves (in R.eschscholtzii this is trilobate-cleft), the longer beak of the small fruitlets, and the general appearance of the plant compel us to regard it as a separate species. 399 Series 2. Sulphurei Ovcz.— Leaves cuneate; sepals with rusty brown or rufous hairs. 41. R.sulphureus Soland. in Phipps, Voyage au pole bor., (1775) 206.— R.nivalis var. sulphureus Wahlenb., Fl. lapp. (1812) 157; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 37. 307 Perennial, 3—15(25) cm high, with 1 or 2 stems; rootstock dark brown, somewhat creeping, with numerous slender threadlike whitish fibrous roots; stem somewhat thickened proximally by dark brown or almost black sheaths of radical leaves, glabrate beneath, with scattered more or less appressed flexuous reddish brown slender hairs above, simple, with one rarely 2 flowers; radical leaves long-petioled, the petioles slender, with scattered brownish hairs, the blade more or less spatulate, 1—2(3.5)em broad, 1—1.5(3)em long, 3-to multifid, with more or less broad-oblong mostly subobtusely rounded lobes, mostly more or less cuneate, glabrous or with sparse brownish hairs along the margins; cauline leaves broadly obtriangular or broadly cuneate, mostly 3(5)-partite, with oblong lobes, sessile, with brownish-haired sheaths, sometimes the blade remotely hairy; flowers single, terminal, rarely 2,large, 1.6—2.5cm in diameter; sepals 5, ovate, concave, 6—9(10)mm long, densely covered with reddish or dark grayish brown hairs; petals 5—6, rarely more, 8—13mm long, broadly rounded-ovate, rounded at the apex, bright yellow; receptacle thickened, oblong-conical, densely covered with dark grayish brown hairs; fruiting head oblong-ovate; fruitlets smooth, 2—2.5mm long, rounded-obovate, beak strict, 1—1.5mm long with hamate tip, more or less compressed laterally, their margins sharp, with a row of longitudinal folds or veins. June—August. Bog tundras, shallows, and banks of rivulets in the polar-Arctic zone. — Arcties ArcHur: 3 Nov.i°Z:,) Are? ‘Sibs, \Chuk?;) An? 4 Gent_ distr Arc., Scand., Ber. Described from Arctic Europe. Type in Paris. 400 42. R.altaicus Laxm. in Novi,Comm. Acad. Petr. XVIII, (1773) 533; @rA. Moin, Edb.; Li sAlt., 17325; db. “Bl Rossi ly, sii WK ryl eerie Sib V, 1196) Ro frigiduas! Willd; Spe pl., 1, 2)(t799) a3t2s— R.frigidus DC., Prodr. I, (1824), 35 ex pte (non Willd.).— R.sibiricus Adams in Nuov. Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. III, (1834) 246.-R.sulphureus var. altaica Trautv. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXIII, 1, (1860) (8). = R.nivalis var. tianschanicus Rupr. in Mém. Acad. Pétersb. XIV, (1869) 37.—Ic.: Laxm., l.c., tab. VIII. Perennial, (3)6—18(30)cm high, with 1—3, rarely many stems; rootstock short, dark brown, almost black, thickened, with numerous threadlike fibers; stem somewhat thickened proximally by light brown thin sheaths of radical leaves, glabrous or with more or less appressed slender grayish brown hairs confined to upper part, mostly simple, 1-flowered; radical leaves numerous, long-petioled, the blade broadly cuneate or cuneate-rounded, 1.5—3.5(4)cem long, 1—3.5cm broad, with 3—5 or more large toothlike incisions at apex, glabrous or with brownish, marginal hairs, especially beneath; cauline leaves 2 or 3, broadly cuneate in outline, sessile, with broad sheath, distant, 5—6 times deeply dissected into oblong often palmatisect entire lobes, glabrous or with brownish hairs scattered along the margins; flowers more or less large, 2.2—3.7cm in diameter, golden yellow, glossy; sepals 8-13mm long, ovate, somewhat concave, with brownish rufous or dark brown hairs beneath; petals mostly 6—10, 10—16mm long, broadly rounded-obcordate, distal margin uneven, mostly somewhat emarginate; receptacle broadly short-oblong, covered with short brownish hairs; fruiting head broad-ovoid or more or less orbicular; 401 308 £02 fruitlets obliquely ovoid, slightly compressed, with sharp margins, smooth, ca. 2.5—3mm long, with a longish, ca. 1mm long, straight, distally recurved beak. June—August. Alpine zone: bald mountains, moist slopes, moraines, near glaciers and thawing firn, moss-and-lichen tundras, rarely gravel-and-lichen tundras, and alpine meadows at 1,400—2,900m.— W.Siberia: Alt.; E.Siberia: Ang:-say., Dau.; Far East: Kamch.? ‘Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb., T. Sh. Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash., Mong. Described from Altai. Note. The Tien Shan (Trans-Ili Ala Tau) plants are distinguished by their smaller flowers, petals notched, not emarginate, with crimped margin, the almost black sheaths of dead leaves producing a kind of calypre, covering the base of the plant. This form should possibly be separated as a distinct species, R. transiliensis M.Pop. sp. n. (a type floribus minoribus et petalis apice integerrimis flexuosisque et vaginis foliorum emortuorum atrofuscis differt), originally described by Ruprecht under the name R.nivalisf tianschanicus. Series 3. Fraterni Ovcz.— Leaves entire, tripartite, crenate or dentate, basally rounded or narrowly notched; sepals covered with whitish or dull hairs. 43. R.alberti Rgl. et Schmalh. in A.H. P. V (1877) 223.—R. sulphu- reus var. alberti Maxim., Enum. pl. Mongol., (1889) 19; O. et B. Fedcz., Consp. Fl. Turk. I, (1906) 11. Perennial, 8—20cm high; rootstock abbreviated, stems ascending, weak, or more or less erect, glabrous, with short appressed ciliate scattered hairs confined to the very tip, simple and 1-flowered or 2 or 3-flowered and with 1 or 2 short lateral branches; radical leaves mostly numerous, petiolate, with a thin scarious broadened sheath, more or less expanded, glabrous or with somewhat distant short white ciliate hairs, the blade rounded-reniform in outline, dark green, somewhat lustrous, smooth, mostly curved, with retrorse broadly and obtusely rounded-dentate margins, margins glabrous or ciliate-hairy; upper cauline leaves sessile, 5—7- palmatisect almost to base, their lobes short-ciliate-margined, lanceolate- oblong, very slightly acuminate or obtuse; all veins prominent; flowers hh .5(2) cm in diameter, yellow; petals 5, broad-obovate, slightly emarginate or acuminate, one-third longer than the sepals; the sepals navicular, dorsally convexly appressed to petals, covered with short hairs, proximally reniform, receptacle short-oblong, with very short slender whitish hairs; fruitlets 1.5—1.8mm long, rounded-ovate, more or less convex, the short beak somewhat displaced, straight, slightly curved distally. June—August. Alpine and subalpine meadows, alpine stone fields, gravelly-sandy slopes; locally descending to the upper forest zone, where it grows in peaty and damp soil at 2,400—4,300m. — Centr. Asia: Dzu.:Tarb., Pam.- Al., T. Sh. Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash., Mong. (mountainous northwestern part). Described from Tien Shan (Karakol). Type in Leningrad. 44, R.fraternus Schrenk in Fisch. et Mey., Enum. pl. novar, a cl. Schrenk lectarum I (1841) 103; Ldb., Fl. Ross. 1,731.—R.altaicus var. fraternus Trautv. in Bull. Soc. Mosc. I, (1860) 70. 309 Perennial, 10—15cm high, withone stem; rootstock almost obsolete, with a bundle of long branching fiberlike roots; stems proximally thickened by a more or less compact envelope of dark gray, almost black dead sheaths, glabrous, with more or less appressed short curved dull or light brownish hairs at the very tip, simple, withone flower; radical leaves more or less long-petioled, the petioles somewhat flattened, glabrous, the blade rather coarse, rigid, ovate, teeth with somewhat callous apex and evenly spaced almost to base; cauline leaves sessile, with amplexicaul sheaths, palmatifid or palmatipartite, mostly extended, glabrous, the margins sometimes minutely and irregularly ciliolate, the lobes almost linear-oblong, entire; sepals 8—13(14)mm long, more or less obovate or elliptic-ovate, strongly curved, brownish, densely covered with short whitish-brownish more or less appressed hairs; petals 8-11, 11—15mm long, elongate-cuneate, rounded, rarely very slightly emarginate; flowers 1.8—2.5cm in diameter, golden; receptacle glabrous; fruitlets glabrous, more or less ovoid, beak straight, with a curved tip. June—July. Alpine stone fields and meadows and near mountain streams at 2,100— 3, 000m: — Centr. Asia’ Dzu--Rarbe, wl. she (Gen. edistra: D7ueakeeashe Described from the Dzungarian Ala Tau. Type in Leningrad. Series 4. Songorici Ovcz.— Sepals covered with white or dull hairs; fruitlets glabrous; radical leaves mostly tripartite to base, with cuneate incised-dentate segments; lobes of cauline leaves usually linear-lanceolate, dentate. 45. R.songoricus Schrenk in Fisch. et Mey., Enm. pl. nov. acl. Schrenk, lect. II, (1842) 67.— R. villarsii Kar. et Kir in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. I,(1842),133,non DC. Perennial, 20—35(40)cm high; rootstock more or less stout, oblique, roots fascicular, fiberlike, long, slenderly branching at apex, filiform; stem branched from lower part, erect or spreading from base, the branches elongated, simple or with 1 very elongated lateral branch, glabrous or upper part only of peduncles slightly short-appressed-hairy; leaves glabrous, especially the cauline leaves ciliolate-margined; radical leaves cordate- suborbicular, tripartite to base or almost to base, with broadly cuneate segments, the middle segment sometimes ovate, sometimes subpetiolate, mostly the segments 3—5-sect for half their length, their lobes, especially the middle lobe, entire or — especially the lateral lobes — slightly dentate, the lateral lobes 2—3-incised-dentate with acute teeth, sometimes the leaves tripartite with ovate, apically tripartite-dentate segments; lower cauline leaves similar to the radical, with somewhat broadened sheath, the upper cauline leaves 3—5-sect, the uppermost 1—3-sect, leaf segments linear or linear-oblong, acuminate; peduncles slightly sulcate; flowers to 1.8—2.2(2.5)cm in diameter, pale yellow (2); sepals curved, spreading, nutant, with dull whitish hairs on the outside, to 6—7mm long, elliptic or irregularly elliptic; petals 5—8, broad-obovate, apically rounded, rarely subobtuse, sessile, cuneate, 8-13mm long; sepals and petals long- persistent in fruit; fruitlets 2mm long, ovoid, convex, glabrous, smooth, almost carinate-margined, with a border, the beak very short, ensiform, 403 310 04 apically curved-acuminate, the margin with short transverse veins; receptacle oblong, with short white appressed hairs; fruiting head ovoid. June. (Plate XXV, Figure 4, a—b). Subalpine and alpine meadows and stone fields at 2,100—2,700m. — Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb., T. Sh. Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash. (Kuldja). Described from Tarbagatai. Type in Leningrad. 46. R.trautvetterianus Rgl.,nomen.— R.songoricus v. partitus Rupr. in Ost.-Sak. et Rupr.,Sert. tiansch. (1869) 37.—R.s ongoricus auct. Fl. As. Mediae, ex pte. Perennial, 12—25(30)cm high; stems several or many, mostly branched, semiascending, glabrous or with scattered appressed hairs confined to the very tip, basally thickened and covered with broad sheaths of old leaves; radical leaves reniform-rounded in outline, tripartite for half or less than half their length, the segments broad obovate obtusely rounded, incised- dentate; cauline leaves 2 or 3, sessile, deeply3—4-partite, with oblong or linear-oblong elongate lobes, sometimes with ciliolate hairs along the margins; flowers few, to 1.5—2cm in diameter; sepals spreading, elliptic or ovate, to 6-8mm long, with scattered whitish-dull hairs, often somewhat reddish or brownish; petals 5—7(8), broad-obovate, cuneate, to 8-10 mm long; receptacle glabrate; fruiting head short-ovoid; fruitlets 1.5—2mm long, glabrous, smooth, slightly bordered, obliquely obovoid, with a short somewhat curved lateral beak. June—August. (Plate XXV, Figure 3, a—b). Damp subalpine and alpine meadows.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al., T. Sh. Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash. Described from the Trans-[li Ala Tau. Type in Leningrad. 47. R.rubrocalyx Rgl. ex Kom. in Trav. Soc. Nat. Petersb. XXVI, (1896) 62.—R.rufosepalus var. parviflorus Kom,, l.c., p.62.— R.songoricus Kom. (non Schrenk.), l.c., p.64, ex pte.— R. rufo- sepalus f. intermedia Lipsky in herb. Perennial, 7—20(23)cm high, with 1, few, rarely many stems, forming small loose mats; stems ascending, simple or slightly branched, glabrous, with sparse appressed hairs confined to the tip, basally thickened by old leaf sheaths; radical leaves petiolate, tripartite to base (var. typicus Rgl.) or 3- to many-lobed (var. lobatus Rgl.), their segments sessile, cuneate, acutely incised-dentate or more or less subacutely lobate, the lobes ovate-oblong, subacute, rarely very slightly obtuse, entire or broadly and remotely dentate; cauline leaves, sessile, palmatipartite, with subacute linear entire or incised-dentate lobes; flowers 15—17mm in diameter; sepals ovate, dark red, with short appressed white hairs, to 9-9.5mm long; petals short, often as long as or even shorter than sepals, obovate, 8—9mm long; fruiting head subglobose or ovoid-rounded; fruitlets 1.5—2mm long, glabrous, more or less elliptic-obovoid, the beak slender, short, somewhat declinate, with hamate tip. June—August. (Plate XXV, Figure 2,a-—b). Alpine damp meadows with low herbaceous cover, rarely in stone fields, ates,/000—200C nt. —"Centrs Asia? Pam .-Al; Fs Sho' Endemic.” Described from the Zeravshan River basin. Type in Leningrad. Note. In the Fergana-Alai part of its range this species is distinguished by its large flowers, to 2—2.5cm in diameter. art Series 5. Pygmaei Ovez.— Sepals declinate or spreading, with a whitish down. Plants to 5—9(11)cm high, with 1 stem and with small, to 6-13mm broad, deeply divided leaves. 48. R.pygmaeus Wahlb., Fl. Lappon.,(1812) 157; Ldb., Fl. Ross, I, 36; Kryl., BL. Zap. Sibe Wi iiG oe dice sVaililo ls (Cg hob) eo ple lee Perennial, 3—5cm high, mostly 1-stemmed, 1-flowered, with vertical abbreviated rootstock concealed by a bundle of slender filiform roots, with black to grayish brown remnants of old leaves above; stem curved, spreading or erect, with more or less distant fine whitish hairs; leaves glabrous or with sparse long hairs along the margins, the lower leaves petiolate, subreniform, small, the blade to 4-10mm long. 6—13mm broad, parted to half or two-thirds or three-fourths of its length into 3—5 obovate entire, rarely somewhat obtusely dentate lobes; cauline leaves mostly 1, short-petioled, tripartite, with narrower lobes; peduncles finely sulcate, appressed-hairy; flowers 7—11mm in diameter; sepals 5, ovate, declinate, with a short whitish down, 4—5mm long; petals 5, about as long as petals, obovate, with short claw; receptacle elongated, slender-cylindric, glabrous; fruitlets small, 1—1.2mm long, oblong-elliptic, glabrous, smooth, convex, beak straight, slender, 0.2—0.3mm long with bent tip. July—August. Argillaceous slopes, gravels, argillaceous tundra, banks of rivulets in the polar-Arctic zone, and balds in the alpine zone of mountains.— Arctic: Are. Hur, .NOv.7Z., Ares; Sib. Chuk.; Kar Mast: Kameh. Gennedlcnee Arc., Scand., Centr. Eur. Described from Lapland. Note. In Arctic Siberia and Chukotka* there occurs var. sabinii (R. Br.) Kurtz. (in Enel: Bot: Jahrb. Xi, 452; Kom,” Hl) Kamer II, 140), distinguished by taller growth and by sepals covered with long white hairs. This may be a separate species (R.sabinii R. Br. in Suppl. Append. Parry's Voyage I, 264). 405 Cycle 6. Arachnoidei Ovcz.— Plants covered with arachnoid hairs. 49, R.arachnoideus C.A.M. Verz., Pflz. Cauc.,(1831) 201; Ldb., Fl. Ross, Ih SVS IBYonSses IMA (Ores i, ZS UN. IBwiSela wm IMly Cawes ei, WE 8, 172. Perennial, to 4—10cm high; rootstock abbreviated in upper part, with a bundle of long rather slender cordlike cylindric roots covered with white hairs; radical leaves long-petioled, the petioles often somewhat flexuously curved, glabrate or with scattered tangled arachnoid hairs, the blade almost rounded-cordate in outline, rather thick, rigid, tripartite for half or more than half its length, with obovate apically incised-dentate segments; cauline leaves small, arachnoid-hairy, divided into linear entire or slightly dentate lobes; stems mostly solitary, ascending, often flexuous, especially proximally, covered with arachnoid tangled hairs, rarely glabrous proximally; simple1-flowered, or else branching distally with 2—5 and often more or less equal peduncles; flowers 1.8—2.4cm in diameter; sepals distant, arachnoid-hairy; petals obovate, cuneate, crenulate at the apex; receptacle clavately thickened in fruit, with an apical tuft of slender white hairs, otherwise glabrate; fruitlets 3-3.5mm long, glabrous, smooth, obovate, slightly carinate-bordered; beak 0.5cm long, almost straight or proximally curved, often considerably displaced in fruit, fruitlets more or less flattened, with somewhat convex sides. July—August. 406 * [Chukchi National District. ] 312 (07 Rock streams in the alpine zone above 2,700—3,000m.— Caucasus: Dag., E.Transc. Endemic. Described from Dagestan (Tufan-Dag). Type in Leningrad. Cycle 7. Gelidi Ovez.— Leaves small, compound, with petiolate deeply incised or parted segments; beak of fruitlets laterally displaced; sepals with white or dull or rufous hairs. 50. R.gelidus Kar. et Kir in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XV, (1842) 133; Labitrve!.) Rossi hivasaysTPrauty: in Bull ~Soe. Nati (Mose; I, (1860) 74, Perennial, small, mostly 5—10cm high, glabrous or glabrate; stems ascending, simple, 1—3-flowered, proximally prostrate; roots cordlike; leaves with long flat petioles, glabrous, orbicular, compound, tripartite, their segments short-petioluled, deeply parted, small, broadly orbicular or obovate-cuneate, the middle segment with a longer petiolule, tripartite, with entire or 2—3-lobulate-dentate lobes, the lateral segments often bipartite, their lobes trilobulate, cuneate or similar in shape to the segments; petioles of lowermost leaves with long broad glabrous sheaths; stems flexuous in their lower part which is often hidden under gravel, flattened, sometimes as long as or even shorter than peduncles; peduncles glabrate, with scattered short slender appressed hairs; flower 1.6—2.2cm in diameter; sepals more or less spreading, broad-ovate, with a broad fringe of sparse short thin appressed hairs; petals broad-obovate, rounded; receptacle slender, apically hairy; fruitlets 2—2.5mm long, convex, sometimes somewhat compressed below, obovate, with a short down (var. dasycarpa Trautv.) or glabrous (var. leiocarpa Trautv.), beak 0.5— 0.7mm long, straight, slender, with hamate tip, much displaced laterally, often drying out; surface of fruitlet sometimes with slight wrinkles due to the unequal thickness of epidermal tissues, with a thin narrow whitish scarious sometimes obsolete border. July—August. Alpine rock streams and stony slopes and patches of thawing snow at 2,100—3,700m.— Centr. Asia: T. Sh., Dzu.-Tarb. (Dzungarigan Ala Tau). Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash. Described from the Dzungarian Ala Tau. Type in Leningrad. 51. R.rufosepalus Franch. in Mis. Capus, Plante d. Turk., (1883) 6; Kom. in Trav. Soc. Nat. Pétersb. XXVI, (1896) 62; Fedtsch., Consp. FI. turk. 1 (1906) 12.—Exs.: H. F.A.M., No.148a and 148b. Perennial, to 18cm high, often forming thin mats; rootstock abbreviated, thickened, more or less oblique, with a row of long cordlike rather slender root fibers; stems glabrous or with scattered reddish brown hairs confined to the very tip, with 1, rarely 2 flowers, ascending, somewhat curved, proximally thickened by abundant dark brown fibrous-scarious remains of dead sheaths sometimes forming a kind of envelope; radical leaves long- petioled with broad sheaths, glabrous, tripartite, with petiolate 4—5-palmati- lobate deeply cleft segments, the terminal lobes mostly orbicular, subobtuse; cauline leaves sessile or lower leaf with an auricled spreading short sheath, all cauline leaves palmatisect, with petiolate segments deeply parted into 3—5 linear lobes; flowers 1.5—2.2cm in diameter; sepals ovate, 313 408 densely covered with reddish brown or rufous hairs on the outside, 5-—6mm long, distant; petals 5, broad-obovate, cuneate, 7—12 mm long, flowers rounded, sometimes with a somewhat uneven margin, golden yellow; receptacle broadened, oblong-elliptic, glabrous or with isolated short grayish brown hairs; fruitlets 2—2.4mm long, ovoid-rounded, glabrous, somewhat convex, beak laterally displaced, often curved to the side, straight from base, truncate, acuminate, with a somewhat hamate tip,to 1mm long. June— August. (Plate XXV, Figure 1,a—c). Damp alpine meadows, alpine stone fields, and patches of snow at 2,500— 4,200m.— Centr. Asiaz°r, Shy, Pam .-Aly Hndemic.. *Deseribedtiaens Tadzhikistan (basin of the mountain part of the Zeravshan River). Type in Paris. Note. Fergana-Pamir specimens are distinguished by their small growth and by their less densely hairy perianth. Subgenus 2. HECATONIA (Lour.) Ovez.— Hecatonia Lour., Fl. Coch. Pa7gs) 370; DEI} Syst. 1,227) ‘Spach, “Histe™ Veer) ViIlRiIe7 secu Hecatonia Grn. et Godr., Fl. Fr. I, (1848) 38, non Lour.; Rouy et Fouet; FR. Frit, 1 la Seet:- Mars ypade mi wm) Ssubsect, (bipiiroimers Prantl in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. IX, (1888) 266—267 ex pte; Ej. in Engl. u. Pr, Pilztan 125 64—Gorex pier Petals mostly 5, small, as long as or slightly longer than sepals; stamens 10—20, rarely more, arranged in 2—3 rows; anthers suborbicular, short; stigmas sessile or subsessile, subulate; fruitlets very numerous (to 70— 100), small, in a compact oblong or ovoid-cylindric head, witha very short inconspicuous beak. Annuals or biennials, with small flowers and hollow stems, with a small basal bundle of root fibers. The subgenus ranges from the tropical and subtropical regions of the Old and New Worlds northward to the Temperate Zone; only one very widely distributed species (R.sceleratus) reaches the northern limits of the taiga. 1. Stems and petioles covered with rigid spreading hairs; fruitlets to 23m Tong es Mag Sa) RSE AEE ea hE 54. R.chinensis Bge. oF Stems and petioles glabrous, occasionally with scattered appressed hairss* iruitlets tov 133mm long’ Ses ai «te ee 2. 2. Fruitlets rugose or indistinctly alveolate; stalks straight; flowers to $= Omar i eliamaie tere A) Wea eek SAG Oe aa, © 52. R.sceleratus L. a Fruitlets smooth; "stalks curved, diversent et) (en \o8 fee eee oe Ae tae eee ROT PAY, CRA EO DERG SD ST. ice 53. R.dolosus Fisch. et Mey. 52. Rvsceleratus L:, Sp. pl.; (1753), 551, 776; DC., Prodr. 1°34) db... Bl. Ross?) 407 "shinal’sy, 7 PLO Ties sryl ble eZap. iSioe We 2G Mae. let: *Rehb., lel hi Germ )1V 1545007 Heow mes HS sient aon let Onaenar. Biennial or annual, (10)20—45(100) cm high, glabrous, rarely appressed- pubescent; stem more or less Straight, hollow like the peduncles, sulcate, branched, rarely small with few flowers (var. minimus DC.); leaves somewhat fleshy, tripartite, obtusely cleft, the upper leaves trifid or tripartite with linear or oblong lobes, the uppermost leaves sessile, oblong, incised- dentate or parted; peduncles pubescent, more or less erect; flowers small, to 7-10mm in diameter; sepals recurved, longer than the petals; petals 314 409 5—6, rarely more; receptacle elongate-oblong, with ciliate hairs; fruitlets very numerous, crowded in an oblong~-cylindric head, to 1—1.3mm long, obovate, compressed, with a thin, rufose, obtuse border; beak very short, pointed. April—June. Damp and muddy localities, banks of rivers, rivulets and lakes, banks of ditches, boggy meadows, and sometimes in damp weedy places. Widely distributed throughout the northern hemisphere with the exception of the Arctic zone, this species ranges in the USSR from Kar.-Lap. and Dv.-Pech. southward to the Caucasus and Crimea, inclusive, and eastward to Siberia (W. and E.), the Far East, and Kamchatka. It is ubiquitous in submontane and lowland areas. Centr. Asia (to Mtn. Turkm.). Gen. distr.: throughout Hur... NJAtr., Bal.-As. Min:; Arm --Kurd:, Iran, “Ind\-Him., Dzui-Kash.; Mong., Jap.-Ch., N.Am. Described from Europe. Type in London. Economic importance. One of the most poisonous species of Rancunulus. Its fresh herbaceous parts cause blisters and irritation of the skin like that which results from burns. The poisonous properties of this species in the USSR are not fully known. 53. R.dolosus Fisch. et Mey. in Hohenack., Enum. Talysch. (1837) 148; Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc., (1838), 384; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 45; Boiss., Fl. Orz 1, 53 N. Basch in Fl. cauc. crit. Ill, 3, '132. Annual or biennial, 20—30cm high, with solitary 2—3-forked glabrous sulcate many-flowered stems, with branches and peduncles arising from leaf axils; the lower and mostly the middle leaves as well reniform- rounded lin outline], trifid into short broad subrhombic obtusely dentate- incised lobes, the upper leaves short-petioled, oblong-elliptic or oblong, with an obtusely dentate,margin, rarely entire; peduncles glabrous, sulcate,in fruit curving downward or to the side; flowers very small, 4mm in diameter; sepals recurved, somewhat longer than petals; receptacle elongated, thickened, ciliate; fruiting head ovoid, 5mm long; fruitlets numerous, tightly crowded, small, suborbicular or rounded-ovate, smooth, acutely carinate, with a very short straight acuminate somewhat spinous beak. May. (Plate XXIV, Figure 6). Bogs and boggy localities.— Caucasus: Tal. Endemic. Described from Talysh. Type in Leningrad. 54, R.chinensis Bge. in Enum. pl. Chin. bor., (1831), 3; Maxim., Prim. Fl, Amur., 21; Kom., Fl. Manchzh. II, 300.—R.pensylvanicus Hook., Fl. Brit. Ind. I, (1875),19,non L.— R. pensylvanicus var. chinensis Maxim., Enum. pl. Mong., (1889), 20.-—Ri scleratiformis H. Raikova in Not. Syst. H.B. Petrop. VI, (1923),171.— Exs.: HFR No.1355; H. F.A.M., No.140. Annual or biennial, 15—45 cm high; stems one or several, erect, hollow, somewhat branched distally, stems and petioles covered with rigid spreading hairs; radical leaves petiolate, tripartite, their segments petiolate, broad- rhombic or oblong-ovate in outline, cuneate, mostly deeply 2—3-fid into serrate-dentate lobes; cauline leaves — all but the uppermost — petiolate, tripartite, with incised-dentate oblong-lanceolate segments; peduncles sulcate, with appressed rigid hairs; flowers 6—9mm in diameter; fruiting head elongate-oblong or elongate-ellipsoid, compact; fruitlets 2—2.5(3)mm 315 410 long, laterally compressed, rounded-elliptic, smooth, with a more or less distinct border, the beak short, sometimes almost obsolete, acuminate, straight, proximally broadened; receptacle oblong-ellipsoid, or more or less cylindric, densely covered with short white hairs. May—July. Boggy and muddy localities in river valleys, ''mochezhiny'* among meadows, rarely in ''tugai,''’* damp meadows, sand and mud flats near the banks of rivers and lakes, ditches, and sometimes as a weed in damp habitats.— E.Siberia: Dau.; Far East: Ze.-Bu., Uss.; Centr. Asia: Balkh., Dzu.-Tarb., Amu D., Syr D., T. Sh. (submontane part). Gen. distr.: Ind.-Him., Dzu.-Kash., Mong., Jap.-Ch. (excluding the central provinces of China). Described from China. Type in Leningrad. Subgenus 3. THORA DC., Prodr. I (1824) 30; Prantl in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. IX (1888) 267; Engl. u. Prantl, Pflzim. If, 2, 65. Petals (nectaries) yellow; fruitlets rounded-convex, with prominent veins. Herbaceous perennials with thickened fleshy roots. 55. R.helenae Alb. in Tr. Obshch. Sadov. v Odesse (1891); Bull. Herb. Boiss. I, (1893), PANS | IN, IBieisKela) sia Il. @ewee 5 Ciehe, IML, Ss, Wess Grossg., Fl. Kavk. I, 109. Perennial, small, to 10cm high, quite glabrous; rootstock oblique, short, distally covered with grayish brown remnants of old sheaths; stems 1—2, ascending, slender, 1- or 2-flowered; radical leaves long-petioled, broad- ovate or suborbicular, with 3 to many large obtuse teeth above; cauline leaves oblong-ovate or lance-linear; sepals spreading, submembranous, yellowish; petals narrowly obovate, narrowed proximally, longer than sepals; fruitlets 5 or 6,irregularly ovate, inflated, glabrous or remotely and minutely glandular with prominent branching veins, beak terminal, short, slender slightly curved or almost straight. June—July. Alpine meadows and pebbles near patches of snow, at 1,800—2,500m. — Caucasus: Cisc., W.Transc. Endemic. Described from Abkhazia. Type in Tbilisi (?). Subgenus 4. CHRYSANTHE Spach, Hist. Veg. VII (1839) 212.—Sect. Ranunculus VI, DC., Syst. Veg. 1,(1818), 237, 266 ex pte. — Sect. Hecatonia DC., Prodr. I, (1824), 30, ex pte.— Sect. Butyanthus c. eubutyranthus Prantl in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. IX, (1888), 267 and 268 ex pte: in Engels us Prantl, “eflzim: Il, 425) 65.— Charactexseimitheskeye 1. Leaves 3—5-partite to base with petiolate segments (at least the middle segment petiolate) or pinnatipartite.............5...--. Ze + Leaves deeply parted, but not to base, into 3 or more segments ... 20. 2. Stem ascending or the lower part prostrate. Plants with creeping FOOLS Shootszaboversround?4.e5. gir sedis cle eRe ieG ens 61. R.repens L. ar Stems erect, rarely ascending, never prostrate. Plants not producing SHOOESMY 5 tell w eT TS SS Tee) eed nee regen aad Sone hate tea GaN Ne tee 3. 3. Stems tuberously thickened proximally; sepals declinate ....... Pea Ue tine UA ACh ss oi oe Op heute mes hn Hla Mal are on seh MBER PV MIM C450 85. R.bulbosus L. * [Bottomland complex of river valleys with woods, bushes, and meadows. ] 316 411 412 10. 13. 14, Stems never forming proximal tuberous thickenings ........... 4, Leaves tripartite, with broad-rhombic, more or less ovate, or elliptic segments or else more or less pinnately tripartite ....... 5. Leaves deeply 3—5-partite, with narrowly dissected narrow lanceolate int dee, tamecoLutieisesinents , {odo 'lsy slaw Jegosils woolainds ... 18. Leaves mostly long-petioled, tripartite, with entire 2—3-fid or 2—3- partite segments, or else — owing to deep dissection of segments into distant, laterally deeply cleft lobes — leaves pinnately ternate or re EME ee ee aS wis ws) ASE SOR EO) OUD AGO. ELV OS ei alas s 6. Leaves short-petioled, distinctly pinnatipartite, with 3—4 pairs of segments divided into lanceolate or linear lobes. Low-growing plants, Prewiscrer tite Toe iG. co 0IIb Mae. oS. esewoll sarah dtiv oo. . Ly Middle segment with a very short broadened petiole; lateral segments EECA G AUG NLGOOs Samet SIMO ee AR eaini. SavShL. se a Middle segment usually long-petioled; lateral segments short- PemGltcd Of seesneisoRe4 {eee diol-x4iad .esiboacasd Steeda. oe} a Plants 20—40cm high, with appressed or semiappressed setose hairs; leaves rather coarse, somewhat coriaceous; fruitlets to Pee CaPomee es 3 oleh Ale ati ieee. w 63. R.buhsei Boiss. Low- growing plants, usually 4—15cm high, with appressed sericeous hairs, with thin ternately parted leaves; fruitlets to eR eeMNEN UAE ee ne Mf Sue ke een ce ef 64. R.trisectilis Ovcz. Pasties da /pisitichairy Or7;Seteses sisi ..2Losdkly olioeicsoah.....81 9. Peel Liab rous: il. Suen oie Gator. mel. wialnah badicgs . . = 10. Lateral segments lof leaves] short-petioled; fruitlets in a loose head, large, few, hispid, to 5-6mm long... .59. R.kopetdaghensis Litw. Lateral segments sessile or subsessile or else the leaves pinnately ternate; fruitlets smaller, 4—5mm long, hairy or remotely ciliate SERCO Kk ee Se ee ek eS 58. R.raddeanus Rgl. Leaves large, much broader than long, divided into broadly elliptic or rhombic segments; fruitlets large, 6—8mm long, the beak to 3—4mm long, straight, with a broadly involute tip ............ oe mee cL, Se SARA ae I = ie nla i tase ae a Sa ea 56. R.brutius Ten Leaves smaller, longer than wide; beak of fruitlets much shorter. Pees! BAW EG OL ee ss . eG... mite. U. Reva sie. tig Be Sepals declinate; fruitlets strongly compressed, with a bisulcate BOiger, >. st Os tele ted fone Sthaniiege gis tion, “wocteiog:.. . « 12, Sepals divergent-spreading but not recurved; fruitlets laterally cColaprecsed, milniasmnple bordenmios ./lieagal. tase) .eieleured. + « Is. Annuals or biennials; fruitlets with a row of punctate tubercles emenumpall-atons the marvin 2... 1. 8 87. R.sardous Crantz. Perennials or biennials (?); fruitlets smooth .............. ae ee oes te eae os ea ae et ae 86. R.pseudobulbosus Schur. Leaves pinnately ternate or pinnatipartite; petioles and stems more or less profusely covered with long drooping or prostrate hairs... 14. Leaves tripartite; petioles and stems covered with ciliate more or less distant or semiappressed hairs, rarely glabrous ......... 15. Entire plant profusely covered with long soft drooping or semi- appressed hairs; flowers large,to 2.8—3.6cm in diameter; fruitlets to 4—6cm long, the beak elongated, to 2mm long ............. 317 413 13) iSGR LE: 20. al, 22, Stems and petioles covered with shorter spreading or semiappressed hairs; flowers to 1.8—2.4cm in diameter; fruitlets 3—3.5mm long, with shortibeakste: dimom dene, 2ts)in ease 2 66. R.merovensis Grossh. Leaf segments tripartite, with ovate-oblong incised-dentate lobes; rootstock almost undeveloped; beak of fruitlets 1—1.3mm long SSG RRR SSRI ee RS A aN Bra oS. Pee SS 62. R.caucasicus M.B. Leaf segments 3—4 times tripartite with lanceolate dentate lobes, or else the segments oblong-obcuneate, deeply trifid; rootstock more developed,;.oblique,or:horizontal. | 2.2 2% . sc). ee ae 16. Leaves 3—4 times tripartite, with acutely dentate lobes; beak of fruitlets 1—1.3mm long. Plants 10—20cm high, sericeous-hairy, with large flowers 2.5—3.5cm in diameter, rarely glabrous with small -flowensraadteoahowad moreover o. aby 65. R.napellifolius DC. Leaves tripartite, with oblong-cuneate deeply and acutely trifid lobes; beak offruitlets to 0.6mm lone “iicsnn. 3 67. R.osseticus Ovcz. Stems ascending, hairy-tomentose; segments of pinnatipartite leaves deeply 2—3-partite, with long linear oblong lobes, with divergent apical teeth; : roots cordlikescylindric; elongated «i050: 97. R.huetii Boiss. Stems erect or ascending, with distant or semiappressed hairs; segments of pinnatipartite leaves deeply 2—3-partite, with entire or dentate narrow oblong lobes; roots slender,in a dense bundle... Bh See TL ORs waeyredy stir he: by ia tiien pam tiarce cp karid cited i RR a 96. R.dissectus M.B. Receptacle glabrous; leaves deeply 5-palmatipartite, with lanceolate incised dentate lobes; stems appressed-hairy ...... 98. R.acer L. Receptacle hairy; stems with spreading hairs) 2... i...le74)eb..% 19. Stems densely covered with long setose retrorse often somewhat rufous hairs; middle segment of leaves sessile or short-petioled; beak of fruitlets very short, almost straight, more or less broadly hares Me BOG Be wierd erate ction ince a atraal outh ene bein aa ne 83. R.meyerianus Rupr. Stems with scattered spreading white slender hairs or glabrate; leaves deeply 3—5-partite, with elongate lanceolate incised-partite, dentate segments; beak of fruitlets straight, slender, short, with Te ails AAD SCS 6) 5 to Baie as Wigeeg A eames sl metratnen eee 82. R.polyanthemus L. Fruitlets orbicular, thin, laterally compressed, winged; beak very short, curved 0.1—0.3mm long. A glabrous plant with ternate somewhat fleshy leaves and slender, more or less long creeping rootstock perianth segments often persist ineiruit > « .. Coes ee 3 0 BAG) AER EE BOM, FT Sack Ae 112. R.schaftoanus Boiss. Fruitlets, though laterally compressed, neither flat nor winged; beak longer. All plants hairy, though sometimes only partially so . BOGOR E RRS Adbs Ge done wR SR Ree 6 Lae ees ai. Receptacleshairy, Gears eon eS A leiinsid 4 elelaien ae 22. RSeeplacle: slab Ouse. tows svik Ses, batnidy,« bebtente WE Gia eae Ses Jaane eam ome 41. Stems undeveloped or short, almost always shorter than the elongated peduncles; stems and leaves glabrous or glabrate; root- stock horizontal, creeping, profusely covered with hairs and remnants otidead léeaviesi nied 91S) IL mene wen 81. R.lojkae Somm. et Lev. Stems always well developed, longer than the peduncles 23. Radical leaves 5—6-partite almost to base, with narrow lanceolate lobes resulting from the deep dissection of the lateral segments of the 318 414 415 i 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 34, ternate blade. Plants 12—20cm high, with a slender elongated root- stock, glabrate; sepals glabrous ........ 80. R.abchasicus Freyn. Leaves shallowly or deeply tripartite; segments broader....... 24. nn soe ys 0 Wh oH iat cw ol) Sek ahs sbibsione ns we tat: ether SERGE 20. Stems glabrous or glabrate, usually slender, weak or ascending .. . 39. Stems covered with appressed, mostly setose hairs ........... 26. Stems covered with spreading,mostly soft hairs ............ aT. Segments of radical leaves very distant, the lateral segments almost right-angled, cauline leaves almost undeveloped, divided to base into narrow-linear lobes....... 73. R.sartorianus Boiss. et Heldr. Leaf segments approached or overlapping; lobes of cauline leaves preader,oblodp or lanceslnearvans): Bot Ew Pi ell veiobavolee.. = ie Small plants, to 5—17cm high, mostly 1-flowered, with abbreviated rootstock and solitary stems with appressed setose hairs; leaves thickish; cauline leaves single, small, sessile, deeply divided into lanceolate entire lobes ........ 72. R.crassifolius (Rupr.) Grossh. Tall plants, 20—60cm high, with large 4—17cm wide, petioled leaves, often with [well] developed creeping rootstock .............. 28. Leaves scarcely notched basally or notched slightly and broadly, reniform-rounded in outline; lobes of cauline leaves oblong- ebcuneate; coarsely dentate’) 2. oeetiis oie, 71. R.baidaree Rupr. Leaves sericeous-whitish especially beneath, more or less rounded- ovate-cordate with a deeply notched, often overlapping base ..... 29. Fruitlets very numerous, small, to 1.5mm long; with a very short beak, in a compact globose head; leaves large, 10—17cm broad; rootstock elongated 2/00 2... 68. R.ampelophyllus Somm. et Lev. Fruitlets 2—3.5mm long, with a very long beak; leaves smaller... 30. Rootstock abbreviated, stout or almost obsolete; cauline leaves sessile, deeply divided into elongate acuminate linear lobes ..... PEPE RIE IDS DAD PID NZI PIRI AOR 69. R.acutilobus Ldb. Rootstock developed, irregularly tuberculate, with thick lateral excrescences covered by setose hairs; cauline leaves similar to the Patical; petiolate... . 2) DECIINAL RRS SD. 109. R.baldshuanicus Rgl. Sepals recurved, with long mostly rigid hairs; stems spreading-hairy, occasionally with semiappressed golden setose hairs.......... 32. Sepals spreading or divergent. Plants mostly covered with soft hairs OF with Sparse haifs; pig brate 1719/2) .02 MO 2.0. BTA 33. Rootstock short, with slender roots; stems covered with more or less spreading golden yellow hairs .... 89. R.balkharicus N. Busch. Rootstock obsolete; roots fascicular, cordlike, somewhat fleshy- thickened; stems with spreading white setaceous hairs ........ Beers ress 6. rth sic. eek, Oe am ors Ot DSsITS 88. R.neapolitanus Ten. Leaves suborbicular, base of blade overlapping or contiguous .... 34. Leaves rounded-cordate or reniform-ovate [in outline], with a broad Sshiphtly notched Griepen cordatewbase! wie mises inl Jenleat.... 35. Leaves glabrous above, hairy beneath, parted to half or more than half their length into broadly obcuneate segments and transversely elliptic lateral, approximate or overlapping segments, apically lebate=cleft ‘and almost bicrenatesdentate yn oe eee ee 319 416 38. 39. 40. 43. 44. Leaves ciliate-hairy on both surfaces, rather thick, tripartite to more than half their length, with approached broad-obovate deeply incised- _ dentate segments; lower cauline leaves similar to the radical OE gee Be ae ge He Ue ROSE AER a RR see ae ie A cae 70. R.acutidentatus Rupr. Stems profusely covered with spreading hairs ..........:..--s 36. Stems more or less glabrous or with scattered hairs ......... 38. Leaves more or less deeply and narrowly cordate; fruitlets with a viery Shomishamate typ peaepedtc (yk) gee ee agers 74. R.oreophilus M.B. Leaves with a broad slightly cordate or scarcely notched base; fruitlets with an elongated broadly involute beak ............ ot. Fruitlets with marginal border along the entire length; beak broadly involute, to 1-1.4mm long; leaves silky-hairy, cordate-rounded [in outline], tripartite, with obovate or rhombic often approached SEGMENTS? F2798 TES heber es Aki Soe. wey: 84. R.nemorosus DC. Fruitlets with a very narrow greenish border on upper side only, the beak very short, to 0.7-1.0mm; leaves tripartite, with cuneate- rhombic nonoverlapping segments ...... 76. R.submarginatus Ovcz. Stems erect, solitary; flowers 3—3.5cm in diameter; petals crenate or emarginate; leaves parted almost to base ....78. R.buschii Ovecz. Stems weak, slender, almost ascending, arising in small groups from a thickened horizontal rootstock; flowers 2—2.5cm in diameter; petals motancised aiiyeeG. Wi sa4 ee 79. R.gymnadenus Somm. et Lev. Stems ascending, weak, divaricately spreading from base; flowers not/miore than 25225 emyin diameters (suorsefete sie Beet 40. Stems erect, with scattered hairs, subsequently glabrous; flowers large, to 3.5cm in diameter; petals 5 or 6(9) ... 78. R.buschii Ovcz. Leaves with entire or scarcely dentate broad lobes. Entire plant glabrous, somewhat fleshy, often turning black on drying ......... 4c, AL TES PNREUMOS DE@aAMGLs Dene aye 77. R.brachylobus Boiss. Sepals hairy; leaves more deeply divided into incised and dentate lobes. Taller plants, with well developed rootstock; stems usually with distant hairs, occasionally glabrous, with one to several flowers; petalshon!,jerenate, or almost notched... .). -teesciaien. eae Aaa Oe ASG Se See lat Giee, tse 79. R.gymnadenus Somm. et Lev. Nepals Frelronse Or7zGeECURVEdS Aig m-eseaseere. oes els ee eee ee 42, sepalsV¥spreadingvomdivergent) 326s ests =e mreleesece oo eee ere 48. Flowers 8—10mm in diameter; petals abruptly contracted into a narrow claw, to 1mm long; fruiting head loose; fruitlets few (9-13), larveraSAeGinin Be ...).)..: BER Shea. peers 60. R.recurvatus Poir. Flowers much larger; petals tapering; fruitlets smaller....... 43. Fruitlets 1.5—2mm long, with slender straight hamately reflexed IST ARMIRCMEAE GiANG, RARE gs c=: tds) mis nine a sagporalc ase: Oiptooasta cighengse ke se nia sakete) alc GO Wee ee ne atmo 44, Fruitlets with a short beak not more than 0.3-—0.6mm long ..... 46. Stems glabrous, with scattered appressed hairs confined to the tip; radical leaves with very long petioles, broadly rounded at base; flowers large, to 4cm in diameter, with incised petals ........ SEES. ths BE aan. ES eee ack eMart Saeed pee 94. R.obesus Trautv. Stems and petioles densely covered with spreading hairs; leaf base more or less notched or rounded; flowers 2.5—3cm in diameter, (Ve USUHS! Jelrnsig cin: Meee + ii amuna ier eMbnan te nape Meuinn Raa els se emNatrem el Manto ie weed ake ao" c 45. 320 417 45. 46. 47. a 52. 53. 54. An exuberantly developed plant, densely covered with long white lustrous setose spreading hairs; sepals retrorse or divergent; iruitiets orbicular, the slender ‘beak; to'2 mmilong) 2s). 60.4065) 2. . oe Plants densely covered with rigid oblique dull hairs; sepals recurved; fruitlets more or less obovoid, with a somewhat shorter beak ..... OE Ee ere ae ee ee eee 90. R.constantinopolitanus Urv. Leaves deeply tripartite, with thrice-dissected incised-dentate broad more or less rhombic segments; stems many-flowered, densely covered with spreading white slender, usually more or less soft pecertass Neen ant) fh, Se AT Ok Le te. o.oo 93. R.elegans Koch. Stems with scattered semiappressed, rarely spreading setose hairs, or else with thin silky hairs and then the entire plant glabrate, small, not more than 12—20(25)cm high, with one to few flowers ....... 47. Tall plants; leaves long-petioled, cuneate or rounded, deeply tri- partite, the oblong-lanceolate segments twice or thrice dissected into lanceolate entire or coarsely dentate lobes; stems and petioles with semiappressed setose hairs; fruitlets large,to5mm ....... vapid ety Mt Sie) a a erm 2406) Seg mre 95. R.kotschyi Boiss. Plants to 15—-20cm high; leaves more or less short-petioled, with rounded or slightly notched base, deeply tripartite, with divergent 3—4-lobate-cleft oblong-rhombic segments. Glabrate plants or covered with scattered thin silky hairs; fruitlets 3.5-—3.8mm .. Be OE!, shea AU StOO 2 EGO Rago sl. 92. R.anemonifolius DC. Mens. With Gistamt Or retrorse ruious hairs |. |. 2... ame smijsiest . .. 49. Stems glabrous or with short appressed hairs, ........+25+56:. 55. Leaves rounded-reniform, slightly cordate, truncate, straight, or Poe wie CUMGOLeIN. Poll Je7 tc o. te tel LY SSG eels 2 +s 50. Peeves Geepl yoeerdave st. 7% BIW Sie... . S12 68. Mal Ss BBALAR os - or. Large plants; rootstock more or less developed, often with elongated shoots; leaves appresse. -hairy, rounded-reniform, the base straight, mimorehede, + OF. 61 OWO: signees siagiws 108. R.japonicus Thunb. Small Arctic plants, 11—18cm high, with a bundle of slender roots; leaves with disatnt flexuous slender hairs, somewhat cordate or Smmeate Geemy tripartite . af a: we x os 102. R.lanuginosiformis Selin. Rootstock undeveloped or obliquely truncate, very short, me eat ewe tH T. .21F. 0295 OL DSR iD. Wi.) SOBBA, 160g . belied 53. Rootstock developed, elongated, more or less creeping, prostrate. . . 52. Rootstock irregularly tuberculate, with lateral excrescences covered Mien severe: PUlOUS Bates «ws eae & Sus =e Reem arh hk 111. R.laetus Wall. Rootstock more slender, without excrescences, uniformly thickened; leaves large, 10—14cm broad, deeply 3—5-palmatipartite into large approxmare seements (11). .s244G sis 105. R.grandifolius C.A.M. Leaves more or less rounded-cordate or ovate-cordate, with approximate segments; stems covered with white hairs ....... 04. Leaves broadly rounded-cordate or rounded-reniform, parted almost to base into obovate-rhombic segments; stems rufous-hairy, Shgresa ly Dene 23, fA i OL ols 104. R.smirnovii Ovcz. Stems covered with distant or spreading long hairs; leaves ovate- cordate, almost lanate, more densely so beneath, with broad 321 418 overlapping or approximate segments; beak of fruitlets with broadly oblone=involutes tips te) the 2 momnag rat ethene tei 103. R.lanuginosus L. | + Stems covered with short spreading hairs; leaves somewhat sericeous-hairy or grayish green beneath; beak of fruitlets shorter, short=hamate tipped, netproundedin eta 22-8 101. R. borealis Trautv. 55. Leaves and stems glabrous or glabrate, rarely slightly and finely UO WH UAE HP TAISEN eh ic letiga! ge Bi is gia ha, CARRIE) fo cake 56. oa Leaves and stems with scattered mostly short setose hairs ..... D8. 56. Small Arctic plant, 10—25cm high, with slender 1-flowered glabrous or slightly more or less appressed-hairy stems; leaves small, 1.5—3cm broad, glabrate; flowers 1.6—1.8cm in diameter, pale yellow or whitish yellow; fruitlets 2.2—-2.5mm long, with very short beak (to 0.5mm); sepals slightly hairy... .100. R.glabriusculus Rupr. a A larger plant, with many-flowered or few-flowered glabrous branching stems; fruitlets to 4mm long; flowers bright yellow; sepals! densely hailey iwd hr. eorp-uke eee Dole a tei Be ee Swe 57. Beak of fruitlets to 1mm long, with short hamate tip. Plant to 40cm high; stems glabrous or glabrate; flowers more or less numerous; Sepalsidivercent villous, 2% ot eases eeleee 106. R.subcorymbosus Kom. aR Beak of fruitlets longer, slender, broadly curved-hamate; sepals somewhat spreading). .e sii Saakaee ee eee 107. R.jacuticus Ovcz. 58. Tall plant, to 40—60 cm high, usually with developed slender creeping rootstock; stems entirely covered with rufous setose hairs; leaves large, tripartite, with broad oblong-rhombic segments; flowers of medium size, to |. 7=2iem in diameter petals joey. Sieh - eae ee ate Similar to the above, but rootstock always developed, tuberculately thickened, often with a lateral excrescence with scattered short setose brownish hairs; stems with scattered short appressed hairs So ted. ele ite, eh cle op cites pia seh aeemieerat Ge 110. R.baldshuanicus Rel. At A mountain plant, to 8—30cm high, mostly with abbreviated rootstock; leaves with obovate cuneate segments; flowers to 1.8—2.5cm in diameter; petals 5-7; sepals spreading. ..99. R.propinquus C.A.M. Cyelents Longirostres QOvcz.— Glabrate green or whitish-pubescent plants; radical leaves deeply divided into petiolate, rarely sessile segments; fruitlets large,to 7—8mm long, the beak about half their length or more, annularly curved; receptacle hairy. Series 1. Latifolii Ovcz.— Blade of radical leaves broader than long, to 11—19cm broad. Slightly hairy plants; fruitlets glabrous; flowers of medium size, 1.8—2.5cm in diameter. 56. Ribrutius Pen.;, Prodr: El. Napol. p.ikexl ex, Rens ini Hl. Nepol. ir (1810-1815), 315; Boiss., Fl. Or. I, 45; Busch in Fl. cauc. crit. III, 3, 154.—Ic.: Ten., l.c. (atlas) tab.50.— Exs.: P.Sintenis, iter Thessalicum, 1896, No.643; Herbar. edit. J. Dorfler No. 4442. Russian'Name: Lyutik Kalabriiskii [Calabrian]. 322 Perennial, 40—70cm high; rootstock more or less horizontal, elongated or abbreviated, its lower part profusely covered with branching root fibers; stems mostly solitary, tall, with scattered weak hairs, distally branching, 3—10-flowered, with elongated appressed-hairy peduncles; radical leaves with elongated hairy sheaths and long petioles covered with distant hairs, the blade broadly rounc'ed-reniform in outline, large, 5—12cm long, 11—19cm broad, tripartite into petiolate segments, the lateral segments bipartite, the middle segment tripartite, the lobes oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate-elliptic, 2—3-incised or with small acute entire teeth; the dark green thin blade covered with scattered slender appressed hairs, especially beneath, mainly along the veins; cauline leaves short-petioled or sessile, similar to the radical leaves, the upper leaves 2—3-partite to base into lanceolate acutely denticulate segments; receptacle short, with an apical tuft of straight ciliate hairs; flowers 1.8—2.5cm in diameter; petals broad-obovate; sepals divergent, oblong-ovate,hairy; fruitlets large, 6—8mm long, laterally compressed, glabrous, orbicular or unequally obovate, with prominent longitudinal veins in upper part, the beak 3—4mm long, straight, short-rounded-tipped, displaced toward the back. June—July. Broadleaf (maple, beech) and coniferous forests to the subalpine zone, 1,800—1,900m, inclusive. — Caucasus: W.Transc.; European part: Crim. Gen. distr.: Bal.-As. Min. Described from Italy (Calabria). Type in Naples (?). Note. The Crimean plants are distinguished from the type by the shorter beak of the fruitlets and by the smaller more-incised leaves, and may constitute a distinct race, R. brutius. In the Crimea there occurs a series of species [sic!] which I have referred to R.caucasicus but which also show affinity to the Crimean R.brutius. Specimens from the Kuban River area should apparently also be referred to R.caucasicus but may represent hybrid forms transitional between R.brutius and R.caucasicus. Pee) Series 2. Oblongifolii Ovcez.— Sericeous-hairy plants; leaves longer than broad; fruitlets to 5-6mm long, with a shorter beak (to 2.2mm), glabrous or hairy; flowers large, 2.5—3.5cm in diameter. 57. R.sommieri Alb. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. I, (1893), 245.-—R.rad- deanus subsp. sublejocarpus Som. et Lev. Enum. (1900) 10; N. Busch in Fl. cauc. crit. HI, 3, 160.— R.raddeanus subsp. sommieri N. Busch in Fl. cauc.-crit. III, 3 (1903), 160. Perennial, 17—50cm high; rootstock stout, short, more or less 429 horizontal or ascending, bearing numerous fibers of dead leaves, especially in upper part, and with scattered long white appressed hairs, with numerous slender roots; stems erect, solitary, mostly stout, distally branched, with more or less divaricate branches, 2 or 3-flowered, covered with soft long white drooping hairs, these especially dense in lower part, shorter in upper part of stem, occasionally the stems glabrous throughout (f. glabrius- culus Alb.); radical leaves with scarious-coriaceous glabrous sheaths and with long petioles covered with white distant mostly semiappressed hairs, the leaf blade mostly large, ovate or oblong-ovate in outline, 323 421 pinnately ternate, the middle segment with long petioles covered with long hairs, parted to half or beyond half its length into 3 more or less obtriangular lobes, these divided or dissected into incised-dentate lobules, the lateral segments sessile or subsessile, tripartite, the oblong-cuneate apically broadened lobes dissected into oblong acutely 2—3-dentate lobules, the leaf blade mostly glabrous above, with scattered long hairs beneath; lower cauline leaves sessile or petiolate, similar to the radical leaves but with narrower lobes, the upper leaves biternately dissected into linear lobes; peduncles finely sulcate (conspicuously so in fruit); flowers large, 2.8— 3.6cm in diameter; sepals hairy, distant, sometimes curved after flowering; receptacle with upright ciliate hairs at the apex; fruitlets glabrous, with an almost carinate acuminate dorsal border, with 3 marginal veins very conspicuous in upper part below the beak, 4-6mm long; beak broadly involute, elongated, to 2mm long, hamate-tipped. July—August. Damp subalpine meadows and riverbanks to 2,000—2,500m.-— Caucasus: Cisc., W.Transc. Endemic. Described from the Caucasus. Type in Geneva. 58. R.raddeanus Rgl., Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop., (1865), 39; Boiss., Fl.)Or. isuppl.; 11; .N. Busehvin Fly cauc.+enit: Il, 3, 7000; = neeee one cre cus Rupr., (non M.B.), Fl. Cauc. I,(1869), 25, ex pte. Perennial, 20—30(45)cm high; rootstock thickened, strong, with a bundle of root fibers and scattered rigid hairs, profusely covered with a thin fibers of dead petioles; stems solitary, with 2 to few flowers, slightly branching distally with more or less appressed branches, rarely simple, 1-flowered, with scattered spreading-drooping long hairs, densely hairy proximally; radical leaves ovate or ovate-rhombic in outline, long- petioled, pinnately ternate, the lower lateral segments sessile or subsessile, distant, tripartite, with incised-dentate lobes; there is a long petiole with tangled hairs between the lower and the upper pair of segments (or — if the latter absent — between this and the upper segment); all segments deeply 3—5-partite, with linear-oblong or oblong cuneate incised-dentate lobes; lower leaves petiolate, similar tothe radical; allblades covered withmore or less appressed long white sericeous hairs, especially beneath; upper leaves sessile, ternately divided into linear entire or acutely cleft lobes; peduncles appressed-hairy, smooth; flowers 2—3.5cm in diameter, with 5 or 6 broad- obovate petals; sepals broad-ovate, subobtuse, greenish yellow, spreading or somewhat recurved; receptacle covered with short sericeous hairs; fruitlets laterally compressed, 4—5mm long, rounded-obovate, with scattered hairs; beak annularly curved from base, with hamate tip and with 2 prominent marginal veins. July—September. Subalpine, rarely alpine meadows at 2,500m.— Caucasus: W.Transc. Endemic. Described from the Caucasus (mountainous Svanetiya). Type in Leningrad. Note. E.raddeanus and R.sommieri are very closely related, and are distinguished merely by the fruitlets (hairy in R. raddeanus, glabrous in R. sommieri), and the more glabrous receptacle of the latter. Dissection of the leaves and general pubescence, as well as their geographical distribution, do not appear to provide reliable distinctions. It may be expedient to follow N.A. Busch (l.c.)in uniting them, but, due to 5667 324 422 the insufficiency of available information, this is not yet possible; and further field studies are required. 59. R.kopetdaghensis Litw. in Trav. Mus. Bot. Ac. Sc. I, (1902), 26.— xe: Ho. A. MY No. Pr. Perennial, 20—40cm high, 1—3-stemmed, with stout well developed horizontal or ascending rootstock distally covered with fibers of dead petioles; leaves with appressed silky hairs, the petioles of the radical leaves densely covered with spreading hairs, especially proximally, their blades broad-ovate in outline, tripartite; the segments cuneate, the lateral short-petioled, deeply 2—3-partite, the middle one long-petioled, tripartite, with 2—3-incised and acutely dentate lobes; cauline leaves sessile, with amplexicaul hairy-margined sheaths, tripartite, with oblong-lanceolate, entire or cleft segments; stems ascending-strict, striate, with dense or scattered drooping hairs, distally 2—5-branched, 6-flowered; peduncles _ obscurely sulcate; sepals more or less divergent, hairy, 7-8mm broad, ovate-elliptic; flowers 2—3cm in diameter; petals 5(8), 12—14mm long, broad-obovate, narrowing toward base; fruitlets large, 5—-6mm long, with rigid hairs, almost obovoid, more or less compressed laterally, with a vein adjacent to the narrowly winged border, the slender beak ascending from base, shortly and strongly rounded, to 1.6—2.2mm long; fruiting head more or less globose, loose, with few, not fewer than 10—12 fruitlets. June—July. Damp subalpine meadows.— Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. Endemic. Described from the Kopet Dagh Mountains. Type in Leningrad. Note. This species is very closely related to R.trichocarpus Boiss. from Iran. Cycle 2. Recurvati Ovcz.— Flowers small, to 10mm in diameter, with petals narrowing into a conspicuous claw; sepals recurved; receptacle glabrous; fruitlets to 4.5mm in diameter, crowded in a loose head, with a long involute beak. 60. R.recurvatus Poir. in Lam. et Poir.-Encycl. VI (1804), 125; Ldb., Migstoss, 2: 445° 8. Pedtsen-, Mes Command. 30, Novl0:” Kom., Fi: Kanich. “if, 146. Perennial, tall, to 30cm high, with a short rather stout more or less vertical rootstock bearing profuse slender fibers and erect tall hollow many-flowered stems, the entire plant covered with setose somewhat rufous distant hairs; radical leaves long-petioled, rounded-reniform, 5—8cm broad, 4—6cm long, tripartite for more than half their length, with broad obovate or obovate-rhombic cuneate acutely incised-dentate segments, the blade covered with appressed and the petioles with distant setose hairs; cauline leaves short-petioled, similar to the radical leaves, but with narrower, more acutely and deeply cleft segments; bracts sessile, 2—3-partite, with acutely lanceolate or linear-lanceolate lobes; peduncles finely sulcate, finely appressed-hairy, short,in groups of 2—4; flowers small, 8—10mm in diameter, often crowded; sepals short, recurved; petals narrowly spatulate-elliptic or lanceolate, 4—5mm long, passing abruptly into a 1 mm-long claw, 3-veined; fruiting head ovoid, loose, with 9—13 fruitlets; fruitlets 4—4.7mm long, suborbicular, laterally compressed, slightly and more or less subacutely bordered, smooth, glabrous, 325 423 produced into a 1.6—2 mm long straight tapering beak with an acute involute tip; receptacle glabrous. July—August. Damp localities. — Far East: Komandorskie Islands. Gen. distr.: N.Am. Described from the vicinity of New York. Type in Paris. @yelersr Repentes Ovcz.— Plants with creeping shoots; leaves 1—2-ternately dissected, the segments, at least the middle segment, mostly petiolate. 61) R. repens @., (Sp. ply, (1753),554-) bdb.,) fl. “Ross. 1, 445. sunaaines Fl. 1; 213" Buschvin Fl. cauce ert) Wl ae Lo2e Iommi.) hh Wonachie saan 42; Kryl.; (Pl. Aap. Sib. Vy 206s le) Helib.,, les Ml. Gera i omer Perennial; rootstock abbreviated, with cordlike fibers; usually entire plant glabrous, sometimes hairy; stems 15—70cm long, prostrate or ascending, weak, with long, terrestrial creeping sometimes rooting shoots; all except uppermost leaves with glabrous or hairy petioles, 3—15cm long, the blade 3—7cm long, 4-11 cm broad, compound, 1—2-ternately dissected, petiolules of segments to 1—3cm long, rarely shorter, longer in middle segment, all segments more or less deeply trisected into incised or incised-dentate lobes; flowers with sulcate pedicels, 15—23 (30)mm in diameter, golden yellow, lustrous, with glabrous divergent sepals; petals 5, twice as long as sepals; fruiting head globose; receptacle somewhat hairy; fruitlets rounded-ovate, compressed, bordered, densely covered with punctate pits, the beak almost straight, rather long. May—August. Damp soil and meadows, sometimes solonetzic herbaceous bogs, banks of rivers and lakes, ditches and rivulets, forest clearings, etc., mainly in mountain plains not reaching the timberline and becoming sparser in the north. — European part: all regions except the far north, from Kar.-Lap. and Dv.-Pech. to Bess., L. V., Crim. in the south; Caucasus: allregions; W.Siberia: E.Siberia: Far East: Kamch. Gen. distr.: Scand., Centr. and Atl. Eur., Med., Bal.-As. Min., Arm.-Kurd., Iran (N.). Introduced in America. Described from Europe. Type in London. Note. Size, length, breadth, and dissection of leaves, etc. highly variable. Cycle 4) Trisecti ‘Ovez.— leaves deeply twice trisected on teipartire with petiolate segments or tripartite with a short-petioled middle segment; all segments more or less ovate or elliptic; beak of fruitlets to 1—1.5mm long. Series 1. Latilobi Ovcz.— Leaves tripartite, their ovate or more or less elliptic segments incised-dentate or divided into broad lobes. 62. R.caucasicus M.B., Fl. taur.-cauc. II,(1808), 27; III, (1819), 384; IbGllo., Jil, ROSS, I, al Ct 73543 IN, Binseln iia il, Came, emit, WH 3, a4 >— lpg 8) dali Cas Eq INO. Zails Perennial, large, 20—100cm high; rootstock almost undeveloped, stout, like lower part of stem covered with fibers of dead leaves; stems 326 424 ‘427 mostly solitary, somewhat branched, with scattered semiappressed or obliquely spreading ciliate hairs, few-flowered; radical leaves with long sulcate petioles covered with semiappressed and spreading hairs, with a strong elongated broad sheath, the blade broad-ovate or broadly ovate- rhombic in outline, twice tripartite, the lateral segments petiolate or sub- sessile, the middle segment more or less long-petioled, all segments deeply tripartite, with ovate-oblong incised-dentate lobes; the lower cauline leaves similar to the radical, the upper sessile, all cauline leaves tripartite almost to base, with 2—3-incised and dentate, ovate-lanceolate segments, the latter rarely entire,narrower; peduncles appressed-hairy, not sulcate; flowers 1.8—2.8cm in diameter; sepals oblong-elliptic, divergent, hairy; receptacle apically short-setose; fruitlets glabrous, laterally compressed, 3.5—4(5)mm long, unequally obovoid, with veins along margins and short, 1—1.3 mm long, hamately involute beak. June— July. (Plate XXVI, Figure 1). Broadleaf, rarely coniferous forests and subalpine meadows, occasionally penetrating the alpine zone. — European part: Crim.; Caucasus: all regions. Gen. distr.: Arm.-Kurd. Described from the Caucasus (vicinity of Pyatigorsk). Type in Leningrad. Note. Avery variable species. There are records of an alpine form (f. alpicola Trautv.) to 4—10 cm high, with single, often larger, flowers and abbreviated petioles of the middle segment of radical leaves and of a densely hairy form (var. lanuginosus Rupr.) where the stems bear spreading hairs throughout and the leaves are sericeous-hairy. R.modestus Ovcz. sp. nova is intermediate to R. buhsei and possibly of hybrid origin. It is distinguished by its almost ternate leaves and soft pubescence and occurs in eastern Transcaucasia, Dagestan, and Talysh. 63. R.buhsei Boiss., Fl. Or. I,(1867) 45.—R.astrantiaefolius Bal. exs. 1866; Boiss., Fl. Or., suppl., (1888), II, 11 (ex pte).— R.boissieri Simonk. in Termeszetrajze Fuz. XI (1887-8) 212. — R.caucasicus var. buhsei Busch in Fl. cauc. crit. II, 3 (1903) 158. Perennial, 15—40cm high; rootstock short, stout, with a bundle of long branched root fibers, profusely covered with fibers of dead leaves; stems solitary, covered with appressed or semiappressed rigid short hairs, especially densely so proximally, furcately branching distally or simple, few- flowered; radical leaves with long petioles, covered with scattered appressed setose hairs, the blade somewhat coriaceous, rounded-triangular or orbicular [in outline], tripartite almost to base, with ovate or obovate segments tapering to base, entire or somewhat incised and denticulate, sessile, with prominent veins beneath; all leaves covered on both sides with appressed almost setose hairs; all cauline leaves tripartite, with oblong-cuneate or lanceolate incised-dentate or subentire lobes, the lowermost petiolate or sessile, similar to the radical but less deeply divided, the upper sessile; peduncles long, slender, often curved; flowers 2—2.8cm in diameter; sepals distant or even somewhat declinate; petals obovate, cuneate; apex of receptacle with short hairs; fruitlets obovoid, to 4.5 mm long, compressed laterally, bordered by a thin vein, glabrous, with a straight hamate-tipped beak to 1mm long. June—August. (Plate XXVI, Figure 2). 327 NP RN > 1 4 ~ + ¢ my \\) 7EE VW g SS Vy df, 4 = (AYN R j4'G Z.)\ SS] LAVA a m0) ISN PLATE XXVI. 1 —Ranunculus caucasicus M.B.,base of plant and lower radical leaf, upper part of plant with flower, fruitlet; 2 —R.buhsei Boiss; 3 —R.trisectilis Ovcz. Herbaceous slopes and subalpine meadows, in the forest zone, at 17 300—2) 200m — Caucasus: Cise.,, We transc.. Gen. distri: As.” Mine (Lazistan), Iran. Described from Asia Minor. Type in Geneva; cotype in Leningrad. Note. We follow the description as the type specimen cited by Boissier ‘does not fit it. As type we have chosen specimens of Shovits (exs. No.182) from northern Iran, cited by Boissier, and represented by two leaves in the Botanical Institute of the Academy of Sciences. 64. R.trisectilis Ovcz.,sp. nova in Addenda VI, p.743.—R.astranti- aefolius var. alpinus Freyn in Somm. et Lev., Enum. pl. cauc., (1900), i. ie -Caweas ileus vari aipinaN, Buse in) Fly cate..crit. HI) 3, (1903), 159. Perennial, 4—10(18—25)cm high; rootstock abbreviated, with a bundle of cordlike slender fibers; stems 1—3, slender, erect or somewhat ascending from base, covered with scattered thin sericeous appressed or semi- appressed, rarely spreading hairs, simple, 1-flowered, rarely with 1 slender elongated lateral branch and then 2-flowered; radical leaves small, the petioles more or less short, with appressed ciliate hairs, the blades orbicular or rounded-ovate in outline, glabrous above, glabrous or with appressed sericeous hairs beneath, tripartite to base, the sessile segments (the middle segment occasionally subsessile) often contiguous marginally, orbicular or obovate-rounded, apically acutely incised-dentate, with triangular or serrate teeth; cauline leaves sessile, the lower deeply 3—4- partite with lanceolate lobes, the upper 2—3-partite: peduncles finely sulcate, with appressed short hairs; flowers small; petals 5, obovate, cuneate, with slightly crenulate apex; sepals oblong-elliptic, obtuse, with scattered ciliate hairs; receptacle hairy,linear; fruitlets small, 2.5-3mm long, flat, rounded-ovoid, the border somewhat digressing from the margin, dorsally acutely carinate, the short,to 1mm long beak straight from base then hamate. July—August. (Plate XXVI, Figure 3). Meadows in the alpine zone.— Caucasus: W. and E. Transc., Dag. Endemic for the Main Caucasus Range. Described from Svanetiya (Mt. Tetenar). Type in Leningrad. 428 Series 2. Angustilobi Ovcz.— Leaves 2—4-ternately divided or pinnately ternate, with narrowly divided segments. 65. R.napellifolius DC., Syst. I,(1818), 282; Prodr. 1,37; Boiss., Fl. Or. I, 44: Koch in Linnaea XV, 249; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 43, 733.— eae eastews vary alpreola, Trautv/‘in AL. HYP. Il, (1873) 442; Busen i’ Bl. 'caue.| crit) 1) +3;. Lar. Perennial, to (7)10—25cm high, sericeous-hairy; rootstock thickened, more or less developed, oblique, with a bundle of more or less slender cylindric root fibers; stems mostly solitary, 1 or 2-flowered, erect, rarely slightly branched distally, densely covered with appressed or semi- appressed upward-pointing hairs; radical leaves mostly long-petioled, the blade covered with scattered hairs, mostly broad-ovate in outline, 3—4 times tripartite, the middle segments petiolate, the lateral sessile or subsessile, all segments, especially the middle ones, deeply tripartite, 329 429 those tapering to base ovate-lanceolate, deeply tripartite, their lobes elongate-lanceolate, apically broadened, trisected into entire or dentate lobules; the petioles slightly appressed-hairy, rarely glabrous (f. pla bea= tus Ovez.) or with somewhat spreading hairs proximally, sulcate, the blade glabrous above, with scattered hairs beneath; cauline leaves sessile, tripartite, their lobes lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, entire or incised into linear lobules; flowers large, to 2.4—3.5cm in diameter; sepals hairy on the outside, obtuse, distant, oblong; receptacle slightly hairy; limmature] fruitlets (mature fruitlets not seen) glabrous, laterally compressed, rounded- ovoid, with prominent veins along margins, the beak more or less developed (to 1-1.3mm), straight or somewhat curved from base, hamate-tipped, displaced toward the back; nectariferous gland covered by a short (to 0.75mm) apically rounded, mostly emarginate scale. May—July. Scrub, aspen woods, and meadows in the subalpine zone at 1,800—3,200m.— Caucasus: E)..and.S. Transe. Gen. distr.: .Arm.-Kurd:;, Bal.-As.. Mme Described from Cappadocia. Type in Geneva. Note. Inalpine meadows near snow patches at 2,800—3,500m in S. Transc. (Mt. Alagez) there is a separate form referred by E.A. Bush to R. napel- liforius, Tr. Tiflissk. Bot. Inst. 1934, p.209) from which it is distinguished by: 1) smaller dimensions; 2) almost obsolete straight rootstock; 3) smaller flowers; 4) usually proximally glabrous stems and petioles; 5) 1—2-ternate leaves with narrow linear-lanceolate lobes and an often sessile middle segment; 6) glabrate receptacle. This plant is clearly distirguished from the type, but there are forms transitional to R.napellifolius and possibly alsoto R.merovensis. 66. R.merovensis Grossh. in Beih. z. Bot. Zentralbl. XLIV, 2, (1927), 2127. bxsuz, Plo Orywiexs. Nog263. Perennial, 14—25(30)cm high, with 1—2 (or several) stems, the rootstock short, thickened, with elongated slender cylindric roots, covered with long white hairs which are sometimes hidden by the more or less compact fibrous jacket of dead leaves; stems 1 or 2, often somewhat curved, sulcate, usually with 1 or 2, rarely 4 flowers, densely covered (especially proximally) with long spreading ciliate hairs, more often with dense short hairs; the hairs subappressed in upper part of stem; radical leaves more or less numerous, their long petioles glabrous or more often with scattered spreading hairs, the leaf blade oblong or narrowly oblong-ovate, pinnately ternate, mostly with 2—3 pairs of sessile or subsessile lateral segments and usually separated by a hairy petiole, more or less ovate or ovate-rhombic in outline, mostly deeply tripartite (but not to base), with short-oblong sub- rhombic trifid lobes, the lobules of the middle lobe more developed and more or less acutely dentate, the others entire or dentiform, the middle segment petiolate, 2—3-ternate, viz. deeply tripartite, with more or less obovate, often cuneate lobes, the iateral lobes trifid or tripartite with dentate lobules, the middle lobe tripartite almost to base with 2—3-incised-dentate, more or less short-oblong lobules; cauline leaves divided to base or almost to base into entire or sparsely dentate linear or lanceolate segments; peduncles slender, sulcate, appressed-hairy; flowers with 5 obovate bright yellow petals, 1.8—2.4cm in diameter; receptacle apically slightly ciliate- hairy; fruitlets 3-—3.5(4) cm long, obovoid or more or less oblong-obovoid, the straight beak 0.6—1 mm long, with tip hamately involute. June—July. 330 430 431 Subalpine, sometimes alpine meadows.— Caucasus: W., E., and S. Transc. Gen. distr.: Iran. Described from Mt. Meshau-dag near Djam station in Iran. 67. R.osseticus Ovcz., sp. nova in Addenda VI, p.572.—R.caucasi- eus ef iveraddeanws auct. Fl? Cauc,. p) p: Perennial, 23—55cmhigh, mostlyl-or 2-stemmed; rootstock thickened, oblique or subhorizontal, with numerous branching root fibers; stems tall, mostly long-branched distally, covered throughout with short ciliate semiappressed or slightly spreading hairs, rarely glabrate (f. glabratus Ovecz.), few-flowered; radical leaves long-petioled, the petiole passing into a long broadened light brown sheath with scattered appressed or semi- appressed short-ciliate hairs, the leaf blade large, to 3.5—7cm long, to 4—9.5cm broad, broad-ovate or ovate-rounded, tripartite, the petiolate middle segment and the sessile lateral segments — especially the middle ones — tripartite deeply or almost to base, the lobes oblong-obcuneate, rarely obovate-cuneate, tripartite almost to middle, the lobules elongate, more or less acuminate, incised-dentate or incised-serrate, the blade mostly with scattered hairs, especially along the veins beneath; lower cauline leaves usually undeveloped, and if developed then more or less petiolate, similar to the radical leaves, the upper cauline leaves sessile, 3—5-partite to base, with elongate linear lobes; peduncles covered with appressed, more or less spreading short hairs; receptacle with few short hairs at the apex; flowers orange-yellow or dark yellow, often in a semisetiform inflorescence; petals 5, rarely more, to 2.7—3.4cm in diameter, obovate; immature fruitlets 3.5—3.8mm long, more or less obovoid, laterally compressed, more or less carinate, with 2 more or less prominent curved parallel dorsal veins, with one ventral vein also receding from the margin, on the upper surface with additional conspicuous short longitudinal veins, the short beak to 0.5—0.6mm long, hamately involute from the middle. June. Subalpine meadows.— Caucasus: E.Transc. (South Ossetia). Endemic. Described from South Ossetia. Type in Leningrad. Cycle'5; Ampelophylli Ovcez.— Fruitlets numerous, in a compact head, slightly convex, small, to 1.5mm long, with a very short beak, glabrous; radical leaves broadly cordate-ovate; lobes of cauline leaves broad- lanceolate. 68. R.ampelophyllus Som. et Lev. in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital., (1894), 9 et in A.H.P., XVI, (1900),11; B. Busch in Fl. cauc. crit. III 3 (1903), 174.—R.macrophyllus Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, (1842) 42, non Desf. — R.vitifolius Boiss. et Bal. in Bal. exsicc. 1866, non Royle; Boiss., Fl. Or. Suppl.,(1888),9.—R.ledebouri Lipsky, Fl. Kavk. (1899) 327.— fi.. ner. BT. Cauc,. Nol l20!” Pl: "Orient? -exs. ‘No. T80° Perennial, 20—60cm high, rootstock developed, thickened, often elongated and branched, with more or less scattered short setose hairs and long slender roots; stems tall, sulcate, glabrous, with scattered appressed or semiappressed ciliate hairs, branching distally, with several or many flowers; radical leaves long-petioled, the blade 10—17cm broad, 6—13 cm long, pentagonal-rounded-ovate in outline, trisected almost to the 331 432 middle or beyond into broad, often not contiguous, acute segments, the middle segment rhombic, trifid, the lateral segments broader, irregularly ovate-rhombic, usually bifid, all segments acutely incised-dentate, the leaf blade cordate, with the lateral segments occasionally contiguous or overlapping, covered with appressed hairs, especially beneath, where the hairs are yellowish white; lower cauline leaves short-petioled or sub- sessile, similar to the radical, the upper leaves small, 3—5-partite, with lanceolate or broad-lanceolate entire or acutely dentate lobes; fruiting peduncles sulcate; receptacle clavately thickened, hispid; flowers 1.9—3cm in diameter, with hispid divergent sepals and with 5(—9) obovate petals to 9-15cm long; fruitlets very numerous, in a globose head, small, ca. 1.5mm long, ovoid, almost compressed, minutely puncticulate when magnified, with sharp edges and a very short almost hamate-tipped beak. June—August. (Plate XXVII, Figure 1, a—c). Beech, birch, and sometimes coniferous (fir) forests in the forest zone of the Caucasus, to the timberline at 2,000m. A characteristic plant for W. Transcaucasia, beyond which it is known in the regions under Pontic influence. — Caucasus: Cise., W. and 8. Transc. Gen. distr.: Bal.sAs- *Min., Arm,-Kurd. Described from the Caucasus. Type in Leningrad. Cycle 6. Oreophili Ovcz.— Radical leaves more or less orbicular or reinform-rounded in outline, deeply tripartite or trifid into broad more or less rhombic segments; receptacle hairy; sepals spreading; fruitlets with or without a narrow border. 69. S.acutilobus Ldb., Fl. Ross. I,(1842), 40, non Rupr., Fl. cauc. I, (1869), 22.— R.villarsii subsp. acutilobuis N., Busch in Mi seauc. crit. Ill, 3,(1903), 167 ex parte. Perennial, 30—48cm high; rootstock mostly abbreviated, stout, or almost undeveloped, distally with rigid white hairs, profusely covered with fibers or dead leaves; stems mostly branched from the middle or above, sometimes simple, few-flowered, with scattered appressed short setose hairs, rarely glabrate; radical leaves long-petioled, the petioles covered with more or less appressed setose hairs or glabrate, passing into broadened sheaths, the blade almost rounded-ovate or cordate-ovate in outline, the base deeply and narrowly notched, more or less deeply tripartite, the segments approximate, separated by narrow mostly acute incisions, the middle segment somewhat narrower and longer than the lateral, irregularly broad-rhombic or broad-obovate, acutely doubly incised-dentate, the blade 4—6cm broad, 3—5.5cm long, covered on both sides, especially beneath, with scattered appressed short hairs; cauline leaves 1 or 2, sessile, rarely the lowermost short-petioled, 3—5-partite almost to base, with entire or slightly dentate elongate linear-lanceolate acuminate lobes; peduncles appressed-hairy, not sulcate; receptacle ciliate-hairy; flowers 2.1—2.5cm in diameter; sepals distant, obtuse, with short hairs, half as long as the 5—6(—8) mostly broad-obovate petals; fruitlets 2.2—3(3.2)mm long, rounded-obovoid or obovoid, glabrous, somewhat compressed or when mature with somewhat prominent sides, the carinate mainly dorsal border very prominent below the beak, the beak short (to 0.5—0.7mm), proximally 332 PLATE XXVII. 1 —Ranunculus ampelophyllus Somm. et Lev., base of plant and radical leaf, la) upper part of stem with flower, 1b) fruiting head, 1c) fruitlet; 2—R.acutilobus Ldb, fruitlet; 3 —R.subcorymbosus Kom., base of plant, 3a) upper part of plant, 3c) fruitlet, 3d) nectary (petal); 4—R.jacuticus Ovcz.,, fruitlet. 333 435 broadened with hamately involute tip (straight when dried out). July— August. (Plate XXVII, Figure 2). Alpine and subalpine meadows, rhododendron thickets, sometimes birch forests, mainly at 1,900—2,800m.— Caucasus: Cisc., W. and E. Transc. Endemic. Described from the Caucasus. Type in Leningrad. 70. R.acutidentatus Rupr., Fl. Cauc., (1869), 286.—R.acutilobus Rupr., (non Ldb.), Fl. Cauc. I, (1869), 22, ex pte.— R.villarsii subsp. acutilobus N. Busch in Fl. cauc. crit. III, 3, (1903), 167 ex pte.—Ic.: Rupr., Fl. Cauc. (1869) tab. III. Perennial, 35—-40cm high; stems branched, mostly many-flowered, rather stout, erect, canaliculate, like the petioles entirely covered, with spreading, rarely semiappressed or retrorse ciliate hairs; radical leaves numerous, long-petioled, the blade orbicular or obvate-rounded in outline, parted to beyond the middle into 3 broad-rhombic or broad-obovate mostly contiguous or overlapping segments, the middle segment mostly deeply trifid, the lateral deeply bifid, irregularly acutely dentate, the acuminate teeth with an ovate or oblong-ovate base, the acute narrow basal notch of the blade often covered by lateral segments, appressed-ciliate-hairy on both surfaces, somewhat thickish, lighter green beneath; lowermost cauline leaf petiolate with an amplexicaul ciliate-hairy sheath, similar tothe radical leaves but smaller, with more acutely and deeply incised segments; upper cauline leaves tripartite almost to base, with lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate entire or incised-dentate lobes; flowers large, 2.5—2.7cm in diameter, with broadly obovate-rounded petals and somewhat distant oblong-ovate sepals; sepals obtusely scarious-bordered, with scattered hairs at the middle; receptacle hairy; fruitlets 2.5—2.6mm long, glabrous, slightly convex, more or less ovoid, somewhat carinate, the beak to 0.5—0.6mm long, straight from base with a short hamate tip. July—August. Damp subalpine meadows.— Caucasus: Dag. Endemic. Described from Dagestan (Gunib.). Type in Leningrad. 71. R.baidarae Rupr., Fl. Cauc., (1869), 22,286; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 119.—R.villarsii subsp..baidarae Smirn. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. I (1887) 946; N. Busch in Fl. cauc. crit. III, 3, 169.— R. gingkolobus Somm. et Lev. in A.H.P. XVI(1900) 5.—Ic.: Rupr., l.c., tab. II, fa.a—f.; Somm. et Lev., tab.1 (sub nom. R. gingkolobus Somm. et Hey): Perennial, 20—40cm high; rootstock developed, more or less stout, sometimes long-prostrate; stems often somewhat curved, especially proximally, rather stout, striate, long-branched from the middle or above, few-flowered, with peduncles in groups of 2—3, with scattered inconspicuous short appressed setose hairs or glabrate, with longer and somewhat flexuous hairs proximally; the long petioles of radical leaves with sparse scattered appressed or semiappressed more or less setose hairs, in lower part hairs elongated or glabrous, the radical leaf blade thickish, somewhat coriaceous, rounded-reniform in outline with an open broadly notched or almost straight base, with scattered appressed, more or less short setose hairs or glabrate; with very prominent veins, especially beneath, large, 3.5—5.5cm long, to 5—8.5cm broad, tripartite to beyond the middle, with approximate irregularly rhombic or broad-obovate segments, the lateral segments broader, 334 436 437 bipartite-dissected, incised and coarsely obtusely dentate, the middle segment coarsely incised-dentate, the long oblong-rounded sinuses mostly open to the top; lower cauline leaves (sometimes also middle leaves at bifurcations) short-petioled, deeply 3—4-partite, with oblong or oblong- obcuneate apically coarsely incised-dentate lobes; upper cauline leaves sessile, tripartite, their lobes oblong or oblong-lanceolate, broad at the apex, with few large teeth, the uppermost leaves 2—3-partite with linear- lanceolate lobes; peduncles appressed-hairy, not sulcate, rather stout; receptacle densely hispid; flowers (1.7)2—2.8(3)cm in diameter; sepals distant, with more or less long hairs on the outside, two-fifths to one half the length of the obovate or oblong-obovate petals; fruitlets 3-3.4mm long, somewhat irregularly obovoid, laterally compressed, glabrous, the short beak to 0.7—1 mm long, somewhat curved from base, almost hamately curved at the tip, and (apparently only in mature fruitlets) with an inconspicuous carinate border. July—September. Subalpine meadows, beside rivulets, small meadows beside springs, at 2,600m.— Caucasus: Cisc., W.Transc., Dag. Endemic. Described from the Caucasus. Type in Leningrad. Note. R.gingkolobus Somm. et Lev. (A.H.P. vol. XVI, 1900, p.5. tab.1) appear to be identical with R.baidarae although, according to its description by Sommier and Levier, it is distinguished by glabrous stems, petiolate leaves, and sometimes many-petaled flowers. In any case, it is not identical with R.crassifolius, which is never slender and branched and which never has petiolate cauline leaves. 72. R.crassifolius (Rupr.) Grossh., Fl. Kavk. II, (1930), 119.— R.oreophilus var. crassifolius Rupr. et var. araraticus Rupr., Fl. Cauc., (1869), 20, 286.—R.villarsii subsp. crassifolius Smirn. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. (1887) 945; N. Busch in Fl. cauc. crit. III, 3, 0171 Perennial, 5.5—17(21)cm high; rootstock abbreviated, more or less slender, with a bundle of slender root fibers, covered with remnants of dead leaves; radical leaves petiolate, the petioles with more or less scattered appressed setose short hairs, the blade thickish, cordate-suborbicular, rarely rounded-reniform in outline, with more or less scattered appressed setiform hairs, paler beneath, dissected for half or more than half, rarely less than half, its length into 3 mostly approximate or overlapping obovate- rhombic lobes, the middle lobe narrower than the lateral, all lobes incised- dentate, the teeth either triangular or rounded with an obtusely callous apex; cauline leaves 1 or 2, sessile, deeply 3—5-partite, with linear-lanceolate or lanceolate entire or,in lower leaves, slightly incised-dentate lobes; stems solitary, simple, 1 or 2-flowered, sometimes ascending, rarely with a short lateral branch arising from axil of a tripartite leaf with lanceolate-rhombic dentate lobes; stems covered with appressed short straight setose hairs or entirely glabrous; sepals more or less distant, oblong-elliptic or oblong or oblong-ovate, obtusely rounded distally, with scattered appressed and semiappressed setiform often dull hairs and a yellowish or greenish fimbriate margin; petals 5, obovate or rounded-obovate, cuneate, slightly sinuate or crenate; flowers 3—3.4cm in diameter; fruitlets more or less ovoid, glabrous, the beak short, rarely curved, with hamately involute tip. July—August. (Plate XXVIII, Figure 3). 335 438 Alpine meadows and pastures.— Caucasus: Dag., E. and 8.Transc. Endemic. Described from the Caucasus. Type in Leningrad. 73. R.sartorianus Boiss. et Heldr., Diagn. ser. 2, I (1854-1856), 8.— Ro vwillarsias siamo tem sbolss.cae la Ore I, (1867), 41; N. Busch in Fils ecaues cerita slo; ore Perennial, 15—30cm high, with elongated branching or simple 1— to few- flowered short-appressed-hairy stems, densely covered proximally with fibers of dead leaves; radical leaves triangular-cordate in outline, with prominent veins beneath, deeply tripartite (but not to base), with remote oblong-elliptic acutely incised-dentate or dentate segments, the lateral segments at a right angle to the leaf axis more or less overlapping; cauline leaves single, sessile, 2—3-partite to base, with linear entire lobes; fruitlets with an elongated straight somewhat hamate-tipped beak. June. Alpine zone.— Caucasus; W.Transc. (Abkhaz ASSR). Gen. distr.: Bal.-As. Min., Med. Described from Greece. Type in Geneva. 74. R.oreophilus M.B., Fl. taur.-cauc. Il, (1819); 383; ° Rupr:, BE Cauc.,17.—R-montanus Ldb., Fl. Ross: L539 (non Willd.) quo ad pl. ecauc.— R.villarsii Ldb., (non DGC.), Flv sRoss#L 39:3) Shmalian hie 22: N. Busch in Fl. cauc. crit. III, 3c. 162 (excl. subspecies). Perennial, 10—30(40)cm high, mostly 1 or 2-stemmed; rootstock almost undeveloped, with a bundle of root fibers; stems simple or slightly branched, erect or somewhat curved, with 1—3-or several flowers, covered like petioles of radical leaves with spreading, sometimes drooping (var. patulus Ovez.) or else appressed hairs (var. adpressus Ovez.); radical leaves long-petioled, the blade to 2—3.5cm long, to 2.7—4.9cm broad, tripartite to lower one-fourth or one-fifth or almost to the middle, with approximate segments, the middle segment narrower, obovate, cuneate, trifid and broadly dentate, the lateral segments broad, irregularly obovate, bipartite almost to the middle and subacutely dentate, the leaf blade narrowly notched at base, covered with scattered appressed hairs; cauline leaves small, sessile, deeply 2—3-partite, with elongate linear or linear-oblong usually entire lobes, rarely lobes of lower cauline leaf incised-dentate (f.incisifolius Ovcz.); flowers 1.6—2.6cm in diameter; sepals elliptic spreading, more or less appressed-hairy; petals 5(6), obovate, often somewhat crenate distally; receptacle slender, cylindric, hairy; fruitlets obovoid, 2—2.7(3.3)mm long, smooth, glabrous, laterally compressed, with a slight thin subacute median border, especially along the dorsal edge, somewhat receding, with one longitudinal vein, the beak very short, hamately involute; sometimes the tip dries out and then the beak appears straight. June—July. Subalpine and alpine meadows, rarely in forests and among stones. — European part: Crim.; Caucasus: all regions. Described from the Crimea. Type in Leningrad. Note. Avery variable species, apparently comprising a series of young, sometimes little differentiated varieties. The following forms may be distinguished: 1) var. pumilus N. Busch — a low plant, 3—10cm high, 1-flowered, with cauline leaves divided to base into linear entire lobes, growing in carpetlike alpine meadows; 2) var. caespitans Ovez.— 336 439 many-stemmed, cespitose plants with leaves less dissected into broader acutely dentate segments and with weak, large-flowered stems, covered with distant ciliate, proximally often tuberculate hairs. This form occurs in high-mountain meadows in South Ossetia and Balkariya; 3) var. dissectus N. Busch — plants with radical leaves parted almost to base into narrower deeply incised and acutely dentate segments; stems with setose-ciliate spreading, rarely semiappressed, often somewhat rufous hairs; beak of fruitlets often more elongate, slender. It should also be noted that most Caucasian plants have stems with appressed hairs, while spreading softer hairs are characteristic for Crimean plants. There are also forms transitional to R.acutilobus Ldb. andR.gymnadenus Somm. et Lev. A proper study of this range of forms requires field observations as well as more and better material than has been at our disposal. 75. R.dzhavakheticus Ovcz., sp. nova in Addenda VI, p.573.—R. oreo- phalius.._l...villaessi et RK. baidarae auct. et collect. Fl.,cauc., ex pte.— Exs.: Pl. Or. Exs. (1928) No.334 sub nom.; R.baidarae Rep. Perennial, 15—29cm high; rootstock more or less developed, obliquely ascending, with setose white hairs in upper part and a row of slender cord- like roots, often with fibers of dead leaves above; stems one or several, erect, simple, 1-flowered, or else branching and 2 or 3-flowered, with spreading long soft white hairs, such as usually cover petioles of cauline leaves; radical leaves numerous, their long petioles usually less than half, sometimes almost half the length of the stem, with an elongated broadened light yellowish-brownish sheath, the blade 3.5—4.5cm broad, 3—4.3cm long, orbicular, narrowly and deeply cordate, the base usually almost entirely hidden, tripartite to the middle or to somewhat beyond, rarely trisected, the segments broadly obcuneate or the lateral segments almost irregularly transverse-elliptic, apically lobate-incised and almost bicrenate or almost bidentate with obtuse teeth, the sinuses almost obliterated by the overlapping segments, or else the segments oblong with a rounded base, more or less slitlike at the very base, the leaf blade somewhat thickish-rigidulous, glabrous above, with more or less appressed long ciliate hairs, rarely glabrous beneath, with numerous very prominent repeatedly branched veins; lower cauline leaves sessile or petiolate, broadly obtriangular or ovate, tripartite to beyond the middle, with 3—5 narrow or broad remotely dentate- incised and lobate-incised lobes, or else the leaves quite undeveloped, upper cauline leaves sessile, divided to base into 2—3 linear lobes or the uppermost leaves linear,entire; flowers 2—3cm in diameter, bright yellow; petals 5—7, large, broad-obovate, somewhat crenate at the apex, cuneate; sepals 5, divergent or somewhat declinate, with slightly spreading long silky hairs, yellowish-bordered; fruitlets 2.5—3mm long, obovoid, laterally compressed or very slightly convex, glabrous, with a short (0.5—0.7mm) straight, distally hamate-curved displaced beak, very narrowly and acutely bordered (the sides puncticulate when magnified); receptacle elongated in fruit, with white long hairs. June—July. Gravelly slopes and alpine meadows at 2,400—2,700m.-— Caucasus: E.Transc. Endemic. Described from Mt. Tskhra-Tshkaro. Type in Leningrad. 337 440 76. R.submarginatus Ovez., sp. nova in Addenda VI, p. 574. Perennial, 20—40cm high, with a short or almost obsolete rootstock; stems mostly solitary, slender, branched, few- flowered, finely sulcate, proximally profusely covered with dark brown fibers of dead leaves, with spreading retrorse whitish or somewhat golden hairs, rarely with appressed hairs and then the stem glabrate from base; radical leaves with long petioles covered with spreading reclinate or appressed hairs, passing into a hairy sheath, becoming glabrous, the blade broadly rounded-cordate or reniform-cordate, tripartite to lower one-fifth or one-seventh, with distant nonoverlapping segments, the middle segment cuneate-rhombic, apically acutely trifid and acutely dentate, the lateral segments deeply bifid, broader, irregularly and broadly rhombic, acutely dentate-incised, the entire blade covered with short appressed hairs on both surfaces, often sericeous- golden beneath; lower cauline leaf mostly petiolate, similar to the radical leaves; upper cauline leaves sessile, often sericeous beneath, tripartite, with lanceolate or linear-lanceolate entire or somewhat incised lobes; peduncles appressed-hairy, finely sulcate; flowers 2—2.5cm in diameter; petals 5, broad-obovate; sepals half the length of the petals, ovate-elliptic, covered with spreading long hairs; receptacle hairy; fruitlets obovoid, to 3.5—4mm long, glabrous, laterally compressed, slightly convex, with a very narrow greenish border confined to the very apex, the beak slender, to 0.7-1mm long, with a cochlear tip. June. (Plate XXIX, Figure 3, a—c). Mixed and pine-and-larch forests.— W.Siberia: Alt. Endemic. Described from [the former] Biisk District (Chernyi Anui River). Type in Leningrad. Note. The systematic status of this and other species of the cycle Oreophili remains obscure, and it is doubtful whether the following closely related species should be accorded independent status. 77. R.brachylobus Boiss. et Hohen. in Kotschy, Pl. pers. bor. 1846; Borss:, Diagn ser.15> Vil, (1849),6.—R.villarsii var. brachylobus Boiss., Fl. Or. suppl.,(1888),10.—R.villarsii subsp. brachylobus N. Busch in Fl. cauc. crit. Ill, 3,(1903,10.—R.svaneticus Rupr., FI. Cauc. 1(1869),21.—R.montanus var. elabrata:Trautv - “invA. Pat (1873) 492; IV, 1, 101.—Ic.: Rupr., Fl. Cauc. 1 (1869), tab. I, fig. 3 (sub nom R.svaneticus Rupr.).— Perennial, 5—16cm high; stems solitary, ascending, glabrous, rarely very slightly pubescent, simple or slightly branching, 1-, rarely 2-flowereda, rather stout and fleshy; rootstock almost undeveloped, slender, glabrous, with a bundle of root fibers; radical leaves small, with short glabrous petioles, the blade broadly ovate-rounded or suborbicular, trisected to beyond the middle (rarely almost to base) into 3 broad-obovate or (the lateral segments) reniform-ovate broadly rounded lobes, sometimes the middle lobes more or less ovate, the teeth acuminate or else rounded and abruptly acuminate, rarely obtuse, the leaf blade glabrous on both surfaces, 1.4—2cm long, 1.5—2.5cm broad; cauline leaves undeveloped or 1 or 2, sessile, with ashort semiamplexicaul basal sheath (very rarely a petiolate lower leaflet present), deeply 2—3-partite, with lanceolate or lanceolate entire lobes; peduncles often thickened distally, not sulcate or sligntly sulcate, covered with appressed hairs or glabrous; flowers 1.4—2.3cm in diameter; 338 (441) NG y f fare “ rf : ZN) A CON fa ) § ( Nm 1 HN pers Ws? PLATE XXVIII. Ranunculus buschii Ovcez.; 2—R.brachylobus Boiss.; 3—R.crassifolius (Rupr.) Grossh. 443 444 sepals glabrous or glabrate, ovate; petals obovate, somewhat sinuate or crenate; fruitlets 2.6—3mm long, more or less rounded-elliptic, glabrous, compressed, the beak short (0.6—1 mm), erect, tapering to a hamate tip; receptacle somewhat clavately thickened, somewhat ciliate at the apex. July—August. (Plate XXVIII, Figure 2). Meadows, beside rivulets, and stone fields in the alpine zone; sometimes descending to the subalpine zone, to 2,700—3,200m.— Caucasus: Main Range, Dap., W. and Ss. Traase. Gen. distr.: Bal.-As. Min... tien) Aum Kurd. Described from Iran. Type in Geneva. 78. R.buschii Ovcz., sp. nova in Addenda VI,p.573.—R. brachy- No bis) auetare pues Perennial, 20—35cm high, with 1 or 2 or several stems; rootstock abbreviated, more or less slender, hairy, or almost undeveloped, with a bundle of root fibers; stems erect, smooth, covered from base with scattered spreading ciliolate hairs or glabrous, mostly with several or numerous radical leaves, simple and 1-flowered or with lateral peduncles and 2-flowered; radical leaves long-petioled, the petioles with scattered spreading hairs or glabrous, the blade rounded-ovate, tripartite to base or almost to base, with broadly rhombic-obovate segments, the middle segment trisected and coarsely rounded-dentate-incised, the lateral segments often bipartite to the middle and coarsely dentate-incised, the leaf blade glabrous or glabrate above, the underside with scattered ciliate hairs, especially along the very prominent veins, or glabrous; cauline leaves sessile, tripartite, with entire, rarely incised linear-lanceolate or linear elongate lobes; peduncles elongated, more or less appressed-hairy; receptacle ciliate-hairy, slightly sulcate; flowers large, 3—3.3cm in diameter; petals 5—6(9), oblong-obovate, cuneate, slightly crenate or slightly sinuate- emarginate; sepals divergent, ovate, with a thin whitish scarious border, appressed-hairy, fruitlets in a compact more or less ovoid head, 2.6—3.2 mm long, obovoid, laterally compressed, glabrous, slightly and finely bordered, the beak to 0.5—0.6 mm long, straight and broad from the base, uniformly curved and narrowing toward apex, with hamately involute tip. July—August. (Plate XXVIII, Figure 1). Alpine and subalpine meadows at 2,200—3,000m.— Caucasus: E. and S.Transc. Endemic. Described from Akhalkalak. Type in Leningrad. 79. R.gymnadenus Somm. et Lev. in A.H.P. XIII (1894) 181; A.H.P., XVI (1900) 17.—R.villarsii subsp. baidarae N. Busch. in Fl. cauc. crit. III, 3 (1903) 169 (ex pte.).— Ic.: Somm. et Lev. in A.H.P. XVI (1900) veloa Deis 100 Perennial, usually 9-—20cm high; rootstock thickened, developed, often branching and bearing several plantlets and thus forming more or less dense mats; stems weak, simple, rarely slightly branching, 1—3-flowered, with long slender dark brown fibers of dead leaves at base, rather stout, glabrous or with spreading slender cilia below, scattered appressed short hairs above; radical leaves with a dark brown sheath and long weak glabrous petioles with spreading ciliate hairs, somewhat sulcate, the leaf blade sub- orbicular or almost rounded-pentagonal, with narrowly notched or broader base covered or not covered by overlapping lateral segments, with scattered 340 445 appressed cilia along the veins and at the margin or else glabrous (first young leaflets sometimes pubescent), tripartite to lower fourth or fifth into approximate but noncontiguous segments, the lateral segments broad, dissected, irregularly obovate-obtriangular, the middle segments broadly obovate-obtriangular, all segments coarsely oblong-lobate-dentate and broadly dentate at the apex, with obtuse teeth; cauline leaves mostly 1 or 2, deeply 2—3-partite, the apex of the undivided lanceolate segments slightly dentate or entire; flowers large,to 2.5cm in diameter; sepals spreading or somewhat distant, remotely hairy to half their length, glabrous-margined; petals 5—7, rounded-obovate, with a somewhat undulate-dentate apex or emarginate, the nectariferous gland free, not covered by a scale; receptacle ciliate; fruitlets obovoid-rounded, very slightly inflated, more or less carinate, the beak short (one-third as long as fruitlet), somewhat curved from base, hamate-curved or almost hamate distally. July—August. Alpine (and subalpine? ) meadow and near patches of thawing snow above 2,500m.— Caucasus: W. and E.Transc. (South Ossetia), Cisc. (Main Range). Endemic. Described from Svanetiya. Type in Florence. 80. R.abchasicus Freyn in Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. XLIII (1893) 373; Wesusem wit caue. crit. Il 3) *biss—iIc.-* Somm: et Lev. in A-H. P: XVI (1900) tab. IV. Perennial, 12—21cm high; rootstock prostrate, branching, elongated, more or less slender, cylindric, covered with slender fibers of dead leaves; stems solitary, 1-flowered, rarely 2-flowered, simple, glabrous, with scattered weak semiappressed hairs distally, finely canaliculate; radical leaves glabrous, with long somewhat flexuous petioles, the blade orbicular or suborbicular, tripartite almost to base (rarely pentagonal), the segments obcuneate, dissected to the middle or almost to the middle into lanceolate or oblong obtuse lobes, with prominent veins beneath; cauline leaves mostly one, often at base of lateral flower, 2—3-partite almost to base, with entire linear-lanceolate lobes; peduncles covered with semiappressed short hairs; flowers 1.9—2.1cm in diameter; sepals glabrous, elliptic, rounded, spreading or recurved; receptacle with an apical tuft of hairs; fruitlets glabrous, obovoid, bordered-carinate, the beak long, as long as the fruitlet proper, somewhat curved. July—August. Rock fissures and slopes with thin sod at 2,700—2,800m.— Caucasus: W.Transc. and the Main Caucasus Range in Cisc. (Abkhazia and the upper reaches of the Teberda River). Endemic. Described from Abkhazia. Type in Vienna. 81. R.lojkae Som. et Lev. in A.H.P. XIII, (1894) 186; Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. (1894) 10; A.H.P. XVI,(1900) 22; N. Busch in Fl. cauc. crit. III, 3 (1903) 175.—Ic.: Som.. et Lev. in A.H.P. XVI (1900) tab. V. Perennial, small, almost acaulous or short-stemmed, 3—6(18)cm high, .l-flowered, the long peduncle ascending from base or from short 1-leaved stem; creeping rootstock more or less thickened, with slender root fibers, distally covered with dead grayish brown sheaths bearing whitish-ciliate hairs; stems abbreviated, covered with spreading slender hairs or glabrate, sulcate, rarely elongated, longer than the peduncles (f. longicaulis Ovez.); radical leaves glabrous, their petioles with a broad cartilaginous sheath, the blade small, pentagonal-rounded in outline, tripartite almost to 341 base, the middle segment tridentate-lobate, the lateral bifid, all segments deeply and obtusely incised-dentate; cauline leaves 1 or 2, almost undeveloped, the lower leaf short-petioled, similar to the radical leaves, with anamplexicaul sheath; sepals recurved, with scattered long hairs; petals 5—6, golden yellow, broadly sinuate or bilobate; receptacle hairy; fruitlets 2.5-3.5mm long, obovoid, glabrous, carinate,more or less compressed laterally, the beak short, straight, to 0.6—0.8mm long, with hamate curved tip. July—August. Stone fields in the alpine zone of the central part of the Main Caucasus Range at 2,600—3,200m.— Caucasus: W. and EB. Transce.. Hndemic: Described from the Mamison Pass. Type in Florence. Cycle i. Polyarthemi Ovcz.— Sepals spreading; receptacle hairy; fruitlets bordered, with a short straight or curved broad beak; leaves mostly deeply divided into narrow linear or lanceolate lobes, these often subsessile, rarely broad, little incised. Densely hairy or glabrate plants. 82. R.polyanthemus L., Sp. pl., (1753),554; dbs 217 (Ross: yaa: Shmalito,, Fl.) 215, Keyl. Fl.gZap. sibs V,)12072— Ices), Smal ae aaeivee SPb. obshch. estestv. V (1874) tab.2, flolse 14. se," 20 etrtabetemieezor Rehb., le. Hl Germ) AV, talbals.. Perennial, tall, 30—80cm high; rootstock abbreviated, almost obsolete with a bundle of profuse slender cordlike fibers; stems erect, branched, many-flowered, sulcate, covered to almost half their length with white, rarely somewhat rufous spreading, partly slightly upward-pointing hairs, rarely the entire plant glabrate (var. glaber Wim. et Grab.); radical leaves long-petioled, with elongated broad hairy sheaths, the petioles with spreading hairs, the blade rounded-cordate, 3—5-partite to base or almost to base, with deeply and variously dissected segments, their lobes elongate, linear-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, often somewhat broadened apically and 2—3, sometimes more, times unequally incised-dentate, often with elongated sideways-pointing teeth (in fact, the leaf blade tripartite, but due to the lateral segments being divided almost to base, it may be said to be quinquepartite; the middle segment usually basally narrowed or petiolate) or else the lobes deeply divided into linear lobules; lower cauline leaves sessile, rarely petiolate, similar to the radical leaves, i.e., 3—5-partite deeply or almost to base with narrower long deeply incised and dentate segments; upper cauline leaves deeply 2—4-partite, with elongate linear- lanceolate entire or somewhat dentate lobes; all leaf blades covered with appressed more or less long hairs on both surfaces, paler green beneath; peduncles sulcate, appressed-hairy; flowers to 2—3cm in diameter; sepals ovate, obtuse, bordered, covered with long spreading hairs; petals 5(6—7), rarely more (var. polypetalus Ovcz.), broad-obovate, large, sometimes somewhat crenate at the apex; fruitlets rounded-obovoid or orbicular, to 3—3.5mm long, laterally compressed, glabrous, with a canaliculate border, carinate, the beak often somewhat displaced, short, to 0.3-—1mm long, straight, rarely somewhat twisted from base, proximally broad, with short- hamate tip; receptacle hairy. May—June (August). (Plate XXIX, Figure 2,a—c). 446 342 7 148 Dry valley meadows and dry floodplain meadows, sometimes solonetzic and turning into steppe; steppe meadows with forb cover, meadow slopes, gullies, roadsides, edges of fields, railroad tracks, occasionally in open broadleaf and mixed, rarely in coniferous forests, forest clearings and forest margins, mainly in the forest and forest-steppe zones and mountains io 1,000 mY, — Huropean part: "Kar:~Lap:; Dv .—Peeh 5\‘Lad.=Uml'> 'U. Vi; Po mama, OC. ap. Mm. np, V.- Don; “Transv:, “BI: (N. part, single find), L. Don, L. V., Urals; W.Siberia: all regions; E.Siberia: Ang.-Say.; Pear. ssia: Dzu:-Tarb., T. Sh. Gen. distr.:” Scand. ‘Centr “and Atl} Eur., Balkan Peninsula (Serbia, Rumania, Bulgaria). Described from Scandinavia. Type in London. Note. Avery variable species requiring further study. In the southern part of the forest and forest-steppe zones and, to some extent, also in the southern part of the steppe zone, there occurs a distinct form (R. schen- nikovii Ovez. sp. nova.) with very marked leaf dimorphism: most of the first leaves have broad oblong-cuneate dentate-incised segments, and are not tripartite to the very base, while the remaining leaves are deeply divided or trisected into narrow multipartite, often petiolate, segments, as in the type form R.polyanthemus less strongly pubescent, with shorter spreading hairs or even glabrate (f. volgensis Ovcz.), the beak of its fruitlets is short withahamatetip. Recorded from the floodplains of the Volga (Ul'yanovsk District), Don, and Irtysh, at springs, onbanks ofrivulets, etc. This plant occurs in the forest-steppe zone of both the European and Asiatic parts of the USSR as far as the Dzungarian-Tarbagatai area and even Tien Shan; itis very oftendeterminedas R. polyanthemus var. nemorosus auct. (Plate XIX, Figure 5, a—c). 83. R.meyerianus Rupr., Fl. Cauc. I, (1869), 25 in nota sub R.dissecto M.B.—R.polyanthermos Rupr., Fl. Cauc. I,(1869),16 (non L.); N. eee im rl. cave, cro, Ni S.—R. polyanthemos var. Tati= folius Rupr., l.c., p.16; ex pte.— Exs.: Callier, it. taur. No.52 (sub nom. R.polyanthemos). Perennial; rootstock short, stout, with numerous rather stout cordlike fibers; stems rather stout, often with dark grayish brown remnants of dead leaves, densely covered with distant retrorse long setose rufous hairs, branched, with more or less numerous flowers; radical leaves long- petioled, the petioles — like the stems — covered with spreading hairs, broadened into a coriaceous hairy sheath, the blade more or less rounded- cordate, with long appressed hairs on both surfaces, especially beneath, tripartite to base or almost to base, rarely trisected, the middle segment subsessile or petiolate, more or less broadly rhombic, tripartite to the middle or beyond, with noncontiguous, oblong apically broadened and dentate- incised lobes, the lateral segments sessile, irregularly broad-rhombic in outline, more or less deeply bipartite, sometimes almost to base, with cuneate, apically broadened 1—2-fid incised lobes; very often there are, besides the leaves described above, leaves with a tripartite blade and with lobate-incised or dentate-incised segments; base of leaf blade mostly broadly and triangularly notched; lower leaves often petiolate, their segments more divided into narrow oblong acutely dentate-incised lobes; upper leaves 3—4-partite to base, with linear-lanceolate entire or dentate- incised lobes; all cauline leaves with an amplexicaul sheath densely 343 449 covered with setose hairs; peduncles sulcate, densely appressed-hairy; receptacle covered with short setose hairs; flowers large, 2.4—2.7cm in diameter; petals obovate, cuneate, slightly emarginate or crenate; sepals ovate-elliptic, bordered, densely covered with spreading yellowish hairs; fruitlets 2.5—3.5mm long, ovoid-oblong or ovoid, glabrous, with narrow borders, laterally compressed, passing more or less gradually into a short proximally broad beak 0.2—0.5mm long, triangular in outline, straight, its tip very short-curvedin immature fruitlets but subsequently straight. May— July. (Plate XXIX, Figure 4, a-—c). Oak, beech, and pine forests, clearing, forest glades, shrubs, meadows, and in mountains to 1,350m.— European part: M.Dnp., Bl., L. V., Crim.; Caucasus: all regions except Tal.; Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. Endemic. Described from the Crimea. Type in Leningrad. Note. This species is very closely related to R.polyanthemoides (Boreau, Flore de Centre de la France, ed. 3, tab.I, 1857), from which it is distinguished by the almost straight broad beak of its fruitlets and by the denser and longer hairs of the stems and petioles. Forms with a tripartite broad-segmented leaf somewhat resemble R.nemorosus DC., to which this species has been referred by Boissier, Lipskii and Pachoskii, and from which it is, however, clearly distinguished by the short broad not spirally coiled beak and the dense rigid covering of hairs. 84. R.nemorosus DC., Syst. I, (1818), 280; Ldb., FI. .Ross. ly A2eves pte.—R.polyanthemos ssp. nemorosus Shmal'g., Fl. Yugo-Zap. Rossi.1 (1886) 14; Hi 122) N. Buseh ing Hl ecauc. eri, ellie aegis Ic.: Rehb., Ic. Fl. Germ. IV, (1838-1839), tab.18. Perennial, 30—50cm high; rootstock abbreviated, with a bundle of slender cordlike fibers; stems erect, branched, more or less few-flowered; peduncles long, unequal, sulcate, appressed-hairy, covered with spreading rarely appressed (f. adpressepilosus Ovcz.) white or somewhat golden hairs often somewhat retrorse from the base, rarely glabrous (var. glabrescens Ovecz.); radical leaves long-petioled, the petioles with spreading hairs passing into a coriaceous hairy sheath with prominent veins, the leaf blade cordate-rounded in outline, rarely almost rounded- reniform, due to a slightly notched broad or straightened base, tripartite to beyond the middle, rarely almostto base, with cuneate more or less rhombic or obovate-rhombic segments apically 2—3-fid — especially the lateral segments — coarsely and obtusely dentate; lower cauline leaves sessile, deeply 3—5-partite, with oblong-lanceolate acutely dentate-incised lobes, upper leaves 2—4-partite, with linear or linear-lanceolate lobes, all leaves appressed-hairy on both surfaces, especially above, sericeous beneath; flowers 2—3cm in diameter; sepals oblong-obovate, obtuse, with a yellowish scarious border, spreading, covered with long hairs; petals obovate, cuneate, crenate at the apex; fruitlets 3.6—4mm long, obovoid, laterally compressed, glabrous, canaliculate-bordered, carinate, the slender beak to 1—1.4mm long, straight, distally rounded; receptacle hairy. June—July. (Plate XXIX, Figure 1,a-—c). Scrub and forests: mainly broadleaf, rarely pine forests, forest clearings and forest meadows.— European part: U. Dnp., M.Dnp., Bl.; Caucasus: Cisc. Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur. Described from Europe. Type in Geneva. 344 :50 Note. In the USSR there occurs a not quite typical form with shorter beaks (of fruitlets). Cycle 8. Bulbosi Ovcez.— Annuals with tuberously thickened stems or biennials without thickenings; sepals recurved; middle segment of trisected radical leaves petiolate; fruitlets canaliculate-bordered, more or less flat, smooth or bordered with punctiform tubercles. 85. R.bulbosus L., Sp. pl. (1753) 778; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 44; Shmal'g., Fl. I, 21.—Ic.: Muller, Ic. pl. Daniae et Norveg. IV (1777) tabieools ieib., Jeane. erm: f.,.4611.— Exs; > HER No, 1302: Perennial, to 15—75cm high; rootstock almost undeveloped; stems with a proximal rounded tuberous thickening bearing a bundle or more or less long thickened cordlike fleshy roots, covered with spreading flexuous hairs, with one or few flowers; radical leaves with long petioles covered with spreading hairs, the blade rounded-pentagonal in outline, tripartite to base, the lateral segments sessile, the middle segment with a broadened petiolule, all segments 2—3-fid, with dentate subacute lobes, the blade hairy, especially beneath; cauline leaves few, sessile, tripartite to base or almost to base, with oblong-cuneate apically broadened trifid and often dentate segments; peduncles appressed-hairy; flowers large, to 2.5cm in diameter, yellow, with 5 petals; sepals recurved, hairy beneath; receptacle oblong, slightly hairy; fruiting head more or less oval; fruitlets flat, rounded-obovoid, with a greenish costate border, the beak short, straight or somewhat recurved, proximally broadened, distally somewhat hamate-curved. April— June. Dry sandy localities, dry-valley and seashore meadows, coastal dunes, edges of fields, dry slopes, sometimes in pine forests and among shrubs. — European part: Kar.-Lap., Lad.-Ilm., U. V., U. Dnp., M. Dnp.; Caucasus: Cisc.,,Dag., W.;.E.,,and.S. Transc.,. Tal.. Gen. distr.: Scand.,.Centr. Eur., Med., Bal.-As. Min., Arm.-Kurd., Iran, N.Am. (introduced). Described from Europe. Type in London. Note. There are records of hybrids with R. acer L. and R.poly- anthemus L. 86. R.pseudobulbosus Schur, Verh.-Sieb., Ver. Natur. (1853) 29; Ej. in Oest. Bot. Zeit. (1861) 250.—R.sardous Crantz, Stirp. Autr. II (1763) 84, ex pte.— R. philonotis Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 46 (non Ehr.).— R.sardous var. laevis Celak. ex Shmal'g., Fl. Yugo-Zap. Ross. (1886) we schinare, el. 1, 2; N..Bbuschin Fl. cauc. crit, I, 3, 138; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. Il, 111.— Exs.: Herb. Norm.,.ed. Dodrfler No. 4449. Perennial, 10—30cm high; stems and leaves covered with spreading hairs; radical leaves ternately or biternately dissected, their segments trifid or trisected, incised-serrate-dentate, the middle segment mostly long- petioled, occasionally the middle lobe of segments petiolate; peduncles sulcate; sepals recurved; flowers 1.0—2.1cm in diameter; petals 7-12mm long; receptacle hairy; fruitlets strongly compressed, 2—3mm long, rounded, bisulcate-bordered, smooth, glabrous, the beak short, to 0.6—1mm, broadened proximally, distally somewhat recurved or straight. June—August. 345 451 Damp and moist meadows, river valleys, sometimes muddy places which subsequently dry out, and edges of fields. — European Part: U. Dnp., M. | Dnp., Bl., Crim.; Caucasus: W.Transc. Gen. distr.: Scand. (SW Sweden), | Centr. Eur., Med., Bal.-As. Min. Described from Austria. 87. R.sardous Crantz, Stirp. Austr. II (1763) 84; Schmal'g., Fl. I, His pie Hest ell She iit aos too Ol: Annual, closely related to the preceding species, from which it is distinguished by its fruitlets, being thickly covered with a row of punctiform tubercles along their sharply sulcate borders. June—August. Meadows. — European Part: U.Dnp.: confined to the Zhitomir area. Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur. Described from Austria. Type in Vienna. Cycle or Reflexisepali Ovcez.— Tuberous thickenings absent; stems covered with spreading or appressed rigid, sometimes golden hairs, rarely soft-pubescent; all segments sessile, more or less broad; sepals recurved; fruitlets bordered. Series 1. Neapolitani Ovcz.— Plants covered with rigid white hairs; fruitlets with a wide border and a very short almost straight beak; receptacle hairy. 88. R.neapolitanus Ten., Ind. Sem. hort. Nap. (1825) in adnotat. 11; Fl. Napol. IV (1830) 349.—Ic.: Ten., Fl. Napol. tab. 148.— Exs.: Heldreich, Herb. Graec. Norm. No.902; Fl. exsic. austro-hungar. No.1716. Perennial, mostly to 15—35cm high; roots cordlike, fleshy, stout, grouped in a bundle, stems mostly solitary, branched from the middle, with several to many flowers, covered like the petioles with rigid spreading, rarely appressed hairs; radical leaves long-petioled, densely appressed-hairy, broadly triangular in outline, parted almost to base into 3 broad-rhombic lobes, often contiguous and unequally rounded-dentate-incised; lower cauline leaves petiolate, parted almost to base into rhombic dentate-incised lobes, upper leaves 2—3-partite, with linear or oblong lobes; receptacle hairy; flowers 1.8—2.5cm in diameter; sepals recurved, with scattered long hairs; fruiting head ovoid-rounded; fruitlets laterally flattened, glabrous, smooth, rounded-obovoid, with a wide more or less canaliculate border, the beak short, slightly curved, rarely almost undeveloped. April— May. Fallows, forest margins, and juniper, beech, and mountain forests of oak (Quercus sessiliflora) and beechx— European part: Crim. Gen. distr.: Bal.-As. Min., Med. Described from Italy. Type in Naples. Series 2. Balkharici Ovcz.— Plants covered with rigid golden hairs; fruitlets slightly bordered, with beak to 1—1.3mm long; receptacle hairy. 89. R.balkharicus N. Busch in Trav. Mus. Bot. Ac. Sc. XIX (1926) 79.— te, lee.) tabe Vill (pe. eL). 346 452 455 Perennial, (7)17—40(65)cm high; rootstock short, producing fibrous roots, bearing scattered thin fibers of dead leaves; stems mostly solitary, covered like petioles of radical leaves with spreading or reclinate, rarely more or less appressed, rigid golden yellowish hairs, canaliculate, almost simple, with 1 or 2 or several flowers or slightly branched; radical leaves long-petioled, with an elongated light-brownish sheath with prominent veins, the blade orbicular or almost rounded-pentagonal in outline, more or less cordately notched, more often base covered by lateral segments, 3.5—8 cm long, 4—9.5cm broad, with appressed silky hairs on both surfaces, trifid for one-fourth to one-half its length into broad obovate or more or less rounded- obovate slightly separated or contiguous broadly and obtusely dentate segments, the lateral segments broader, bifid; cauline leaves 1 or 2(3), divided into slightly dentate-incised linear-lanceolate lobes; sepals recurved, yellowish green, ovate-elliptic, with rigid hairs, 8-9 mm long, with a scarious border; petals (5)6—8(11), obovate, 12—16mm long, 8-13mm broad; flowers 2.5—4cm in diameter; receptacle covered with rigid hairs; fruitlets 3—3.2mm long, more or less obovoid, glabrous, laterally compressed, the beak short, to 1—1.3mm, annularly curved, proximally broadened, imperceptibly bordered. June—July. Subalpine and alpine meadows and sometimes tussocks in sedge bogs or remains of birch forests at 1,800—2,600m.— Caucasus: Gr. Cauc., E.Transc. (South Ossetia). Described from Balkariya. Endemic. Type in Leningrad. Series 3. Villosi Ovcz.— Plants covered with rigid white hairs; fruitlets narrowly bordered, with beak to 2mm long; receptacle glabrous. 90. R.constantinopolitanus Urv., Enum. pl. Archip. (1822) 61; Boiss., ml? Or. “1, 49; N. Biseh/in Fl. cage. crit. HE-3,9144.— R.lanuginosus var. constantinopolitanus DC., Syst. 1 (1818) 291; Prodr. I (1824) 37.—R.tauricus Freyn, (non Pall.) in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2 ser. I (1901) 248.— Exs.: Herb. norm. Dérfl. No. 4445 (sub. n.m. R.tauricus Freyn); Fl. cauc. exs. No.133. Perennial, to 60cm high; rootstock abbreviated, straight, with a bundle of rigid cordlike fibers; stems and petioles densely covered with spreading, somewhat setose oblique dull hairs; stems strong, stout, branched, many- flowered; peduncles rounded, appressed-hairy, not sulcate,in groups of 2,3,or several, forming subcorymbiform inflorescences; radical leaves rounded-pentagonal in outline, tripartite to beyond the middle or almost to base, their segments broad-rhombic, acutely or obtusely incised-dentate, approximate or contiguous, with prominently veined sheaths; cauline leaves (except the lowermost) sessile, tripartite, their segments mostly oblong- lanceolate, rarely incised-dentate; flowers 2.5—3cm in diameter; sepals hairy, recurved; petals 13—15mm long, obovate; fruitlets broadly rounded- obovoid, laterally flattened, narrow-bordered, 1.5—2mm long, the short beak hamate, to 2mm long, straight from base, gradually narrowing to a hamately involute tip. April—May. Shady oak and beech forests.— European part: Crim.; Caucasus: Cisc. (rare in W. part), W. Transc. (in NW part, rare). Gen. distr.: Bal.-As. Min. Arm.-Kurd., Iran. Described from Turkey. Type in Paris. 347 PLATE XXIX. 1—Ranunculus nemorosus DC., radical leaf, 1b) fruiting head, 1c) fruitlet; 2 — R.polyanthemus L., 1a) blade of radical leaf, 2b) fruiting head, 2c) fruitlet; 3 -R.submarginatus Ovez., tadical leaf, 3b) fruiting head, 3c) fruitlet; 4 —R.meyerianus Rupr., base of plant with first radical leaf, 4a) blade of subsequent radical leaves, 4b) fruiting head, 4c) fruitlet; 5 -R.schennikovii Ovez., radical leaf, 5b) fruiting head, 5c) fruitlet. 348 91. R.villosus DC., Syst. I (1818) 283; Prodr. I, 38.—R.lanuginosus C.A.M., Verz. Cauc. 1 (1831) 202, non L.; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I (1842) 42, ex pte.— R.constantinopolitanus var. persicus Boiss., Biy, Or. 1 (1867) 49; N. Busch in Fl. cauc. crit. Ill, 3, 144; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. I, 144.—R.lanuginosus N. Busch in Fl. cauc. crit. IH, 3 (1903) 143 (non L.) excl. pl. tauricae. Perennial, 35—60cm high, with a bundle of profuse cordlike thickened , large, exuberantly developed roots; stems and petioles densely covered with rigid setose lustrous-white spreading retrorse long hairs; stems many- flowered, long-branched, with flowers in almost verticillate semicorymbs; leaves large, 7-14cm long, 9—16cm broad, especially beneath with long dense setose hairs, with 3 broad-rhombic approximate or contiguous coarsely dentate and incised-lobate segments; flowers 3cm in diameter; sepals retrorse or spreading, densely covered with very long rigid hairs; fruiting head loose; fruitlets 5—5.5mm, laterally flattened, with slightly convex _ sides, glabrous, smooth, more or less narrowly subobtusely bordered, the beak elongated, to 2mm, slender, somewhat curved from base, with circinate tip. April—May. Among shrubs and in damp meadows, to 900m.— Caucasus: E.Transc., Tal. Gen. distr.: Iran. Described from Iran. Type in Geneva. Series 4. Anemonifolii Ovez.— Plants covered with soft white hairs or glabrate; fruitlets slightly bordered, with a very short beak (to 0.3— 0.5mm); receptacle glabrous; sepals recurved. 92. R.anemonifolius DC., Syst. I (1818) 282; Prodr. I, 37; N. Busch in Fl. cauc. crit. III, 3 (1903) 145 ex pte.— R.calverti Boiss., Diagn. Ser. II, V (1856) 8. - R. anemonaefolius BcalvertiBoiss., Fl. Or. I (1867) 50. Perennial, small, 12—25cm high, glabrate or slightly pubescent; stems 1—3, simple or slightly branched, slender, sometimes curved, glabrate or covered with more or less spreading or semiappressed slender silky hairs, with one to several flowers; radical leaves more or less short-petioled, the petiole glabrous or covered with semispreading fine white hairs, the blade ovate or ovate-triangular in outline, parted almost to base or to lower one-fifth into distant lanceolate-oblong segments, the middle segment 3—4- incised-lobate, with entire or very few toothlike lobes, oblong-rhombic, cuneate, rarely subentire, the lateral segments of similar shape, more or less irregularly oblong, 2—3-incised-partite with few teeth, the leaf blade glabrous or especially beneath, with slender appressed hairs, the base rounded, rarely somewhat cuneate or slightly notched; cauline leaves mostly slightly developed, sessile, tripartite, with entire or deeply cleft segments, the upper leaves 2—3-partite, with linear or else entire linear lobes; peduncles slender, often more or less flexuous, slightly and finely sulcate, with weak short appressed hairs, elongating in fruit; flowers 1.5— 2.5cm in diameter; petals obovate, often with an irregular upper margin; sepals hairy; fruiting head globose, firm, sometimes with persistent sepals; fruitlets 3.5—3.8mm long, obovoid, laterally flattened but with slightly convex sides, glabrous, smooth, slightly bordered, the beak very short, to 0.3-0.5mm, broad from base, gradually tapering to a hamately involute tip. June—July. 456 349 457 Damp subalpine and alpine meadows, on southern slopes near springs at 2,000—3,200m.— Caucasus: S. and E.Transc. Gen. distr.: Arm.-Kurd., Bal.-As. Min. (E.). Described from Turkey (Cappadocia). Type in Paris. 93. R.elegans C.Koch in Linnaea XV (1841) 248; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. Il, 115.—'R. constantinopolitanus €)AC MSs Vers Paiz ee aues (1831) 2027 noned'Urv ce bdb toss le lo a aeiae anemonaefolius N. Busch in Fl. cauc. crit. II, 3 (1903) 145, non d'Urv. (ex pte).— Exs.: HFR No: 270r Perennial, 20—45cm high, covered with soft silky white hairs; roots cordlike, firm, thickened; stems mostly 2 or 3, proximally much thickened and profusely covered with dark brown fibers of dead petioies, branched, with more or less numerous flowers, densely covered with spreading often somewhat retrorse slender and more or less soft white hairs; radical leaves covered with long white silky hairs on both surfaces, more densely so beneath, more or less ovate-triangular in outline, tripartite to base or almost to base — rarely less deeply — with 3 unequally dissected incised- dentate segments, the middle segment more or less rhombic, cuneate, more or less uniformly dissected into 3 subobtusely incised-dentate oblong lobes, the lateral segments irregularly rhombic, unequally 2—3-fid, segments mostly more or less approximate or almost contiguous, with base of blade covered by contiguous segments; cauline leaves sessile, mostly with dense silky hairs, tripartite, with broad-lanceolate dentate-incised segments; peduncles covered with short flexuous hairs; flowers in semicormybose inflorescences, large, 2.5-3cm in diameter; sepals recurved; petals to 17mm long, obovate, sometimes slightly emarginate; fruiting head oval; fruitlets 3—3.3mm long, rounded-obovoid, (laterally) flattened, slightly bordered with short beak, 0.3—0.6mm long, broad from base, with short hamate tip. June—July. Alpine and subalpine meadows and pastures at 1,800—2,700m.— Caucasus: Cisc., Dag., W., E., and S.Transc. Endemic. Described from the Caucasus (Somkhetiya). Type in Leningrad. Note. Meyer has linked this species with R.constantinopolitanus Urv., from which it is, however, clearly distinguished by the almost obsolete beak of the fruitlets, the small fruitlets, the soft pubescence, and the larger flowers. The species mostclosely related to R.elegans appears to be R.anemonifolius, from which it is distinguished by stronger pubescence, broad and strongly incised-dentate leaf segments, and more numerous flowers. Several authors confuse our plant with R. kotschyi, from which it is clearly distinguished by its broad incised leaf segments as well as by its pubescence. Series 5. Obesi Ovcz.— Stems covered with scattered appressed hairs; base of leaf blade rounded or cuneate, entire, the blade tripartite with dentate ovate segments; receptacle glabrous; beak of fruitlets to 1.3-1.4mm long, annularly involute. 94, R.obesus Trautv. in A.H.P. Ill, 2 (1875) 275; N. Busch in Fl. cauc. Siena WNL Say elo 350 Perennial; rootstock abbreviated, thickened, with a bundle of root fibers; stems tall, to 55cm, glabrous but with scattered appressed hairs in upper part, sulcate, stout, branching in upper part; peduncles long, covered with appressed setose hairs; radical leaves with very long sulcate glabrous petioles, the blade reniform-rounded [in outline] or more or less ovate- rounded with broadly rounded base, tripartite to the middle or somewhat beyond, with irregularly coarsely serrate-dentate segments, the lateral segments irregularly broad-ovate or broadly ovate-oblong, more or less lobate-incised and dentate, the middle segment subentire, more or less oblong, coarsely dentate, much narrower than the lateral segments, the leaf blade with prominent veins on both surfaces, especially so above, glabrous, somewhat coriaceous; lower cauline leaves (if developed) petiolate, similar to the radical leaves, upper leaves sessile, tripartite, with oblong-lanceolate or oblong-linear serrate-dentate lobes; flowers large, to 4cm in diameter; petals rounded-obovate, emarginate, to 21mm long, to 10mm broad; sepals covered with long hairs, broad-ovate, recurved; (immature) fruitlets 3.5mm long, almost rounded-ovoid, glabrous, laterally flattened; beak straight, with annularly involute tip, 1.3-1.4mm. July. Caucasus: S.Transc. Endemic. Described from the Akhaltsikhe area near the Turkish border. Type in Leningrad. Note. At present only a single habitat is known for this species, which was collected only once, in 1874, by G.Radde. According to Trautvetter, it is undoubtedly closely related to R. kotschyi Boiss., from which it is distinguished by its less divided leaf blades and by the longer, distally rounded beak of its fruitlets. 458 Series 6. Subsetosi Ovcez.— Stems covered with semiappressed setaceous hairs; blade of radical leaves basally rounded or cuneate, flabellately tripartite almost to base; receptacle glabrous; fruitlets with a very short curved beak. 95. R.kotschyi Boiss. in Kotschy, Pl. Pers. exs. febr. 1845; Diagn. Ser.1, VI (1845) 5; Fl. Or. 1(1867) 50.—R.anemonefolius var. kotschyi Boiss., Suppl. Fl. Or. (1888) 13; N. Busch in Fl. cauc. crit. Hi, 435 146. Perennial, 40—55cm high; rootstock stout, abbreviated, straight, with a bundle of cordlike firm stoutish fibers, the collar more or less profusely covered with long slender fibers of old petioles; stems mostly solitary, strong, stoutish, hollow, erect, sharply sulcate, distally branched, glabrous from base, often covered with scattered semiappressed recurved or reclinate slightly spreading hairs or with more or less spreading rigid setose hairs; radical leaves long-petioled, the petiole with a large elongated tapering sheath with scattered semidistant setose hairs, the leaf blade glabrous above, rarely with scattered short appressed hairs, the underside remotely hairy, cuneate or basally rounded, ovate-cuneate or ovate-reniform in outline, flabellately tripartite to base or almost to base, the segments sessile or the middle segment broad-petioled, all segments cuneate, oblong-lanceolate or cuneate [sic!], glabrous at the apex, the lateral segments bisected to beyond the middle, the middle segment trisected into 3$i 459 460 lanceolate subobtuse or acuminate entire or coarsely 2—3-dentate lobes; cauline leaves sessile, tripartite, with entire, rarely remote spreading- dentate linear lobes passing into narrow hairy sheaths; peduncles elongated, somewhat sulcate in lower part, with appressed short hairs; flowers yellow, 2.5—3.3cm in diameter; petals obovate, slightly notched or rounded; collective fruit oval-rounded; receptacle glabrous; fruitlets large, to 5mm long, obovoid, flat, punctate (when mature!), narrow-bordered, the beak very short, oblong-curved, truncate-tipped, one-sixth of the length of the fruitlets proper or less. July. Damp and boggy meadows; gardens.— Caucasus: E. and S.Transc.; Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. Gen. distr.: Arm.-Kurd., Iran. Described from southern Iran. Type in Geneva; cotype in Leningrad. Cycler or Dissectifolii Ovcz.— Leaves 2—4-pinnatipartite, with sessile 2—3-partite segments with linear-oblong lobes. 96. R.dissectus M.B., Fl. taur.-cauc. II (1808) 25; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 43; Boiss., Fl. Or. 17425 “NN: Busch in Fl cauc. crite 1, 3 cy hoi eeease: HFR No.1356. Perennial, 16—20cm high; rootstock slender, short, sometimes almost obsolete, with a bundle of slender roots; stems solitary, erect or somewhat ascending, covered from base (at base sometimes glabrate) with long weak white spreading or semiappressed hairs, simple or slightly branched, 1 or 2-flowered; radical leaves multipartite, with short petiole covered with long weak spreading or appressed hairs, sometimes capitate, the blade ovate or rounded-ovate in outline, mostly 2—3(4)-pinnatipartite into deeply 2—3-partite segments with entire, 3-incised-dentate, lanceolate or oblong or oblong-lanceolate lobes tapering to base, the lateral segments subsessile or sessile, the middle segment petiolate; the petioles with elongated somewhat scarious-margined sheaths, the leaf blade with some long silky hairs above and scattered hairs beneath, rarely glabrate; cauline leaves little developed, sessile, mostly deeply 2—3-palmatipartite, with entire linear or linear-lanceolate lobes, sometimes the lowermost leaf petiolate, tripartite, with acutely dentate and incised segments; flowers 2—3cm in diameter; sepals divergent, hairy, obtuse; petals obovate or oblong-obovate; receptacle with an apical tuft of short hairs; fruitlets 3—3.5(4)mm long, elliptic, glabrous, laterally flattened, somewhat convex when mature, with several short veins along upper margin below the beak; the beak short, to 0.8-1 mm, straight, with hamate tip. May—June. Gravelly and stony localities.— European part: Crim. Endemic. Described from the Crimea. Type in Leningrad. 97. R.huetii Boiss., Diagn. plant. Ser.II, V (1856) 7; Fl. Or. I, 438; Supple tt NE Busch ier? cauck crit. Iles lal Perennial, mostly 7-10cm, rarely to 19cm high; rootstock almost obsolete, with cylindric cordlike-thickened roots, the crown somewhat white- hairy, covered — like base of stems — with a compact fibrous jacket of decayed dead leaves; stems 1 or 2, simple, 1-flowered, usually branched below the middle, 2—4-flowered, ascending, hairy-tomentose with soft white long silky tangled hairs; radical leaves short-petioled, the petiole usually 461 much shorter than the blade, covered with soft semiappressed long white hairs, passing into elongated broad overlapping sheaths, the leaf blade with white silky hairs, ovate, 3—4-pinnatipartite, the 3—4 lateral segments sessile, deeply 2—3-partite, with long linear-oblong lobes with divergent apical teeth; cauline leaves sessile, deeply 2—3-partite, with entire linear or linear-lanceolate lobes, the uppermost sometimes obsolete, otherwise entire, linear; sepals oblong-ovate, obtuse, long-hairy; petals obovate or rounded-obovate, about twice as long as sepals; flowers 2—2.5cm in diameter; peduncles glabrate, slightly hairy distally; fruitlets 3.5—4.5mm long, with a short (0.5—0.7mm) outward curved beak, irregularly obovoid, with a row of more or less parallel veins visible with a hand lens, of which the two most prominent are united at the base; surface of fruit distinctly alveolate, glabrous. June—July. Alpine meadows. — Caucasus: S.Transc. (Akhaltsikhe District). Gen. distr.: Arm.-Kurd., Bal.-As. Min. (E.Adzharia). Described from Turkey. Type in Geneva. Cycle 11. Acri Ovcez.— Sepals spreading; receptacle glabrous; leaves tripartite to or beyond the middle, if to the base then segments always quite sessile, usually broad or lanceolate, producing an apparently quinquepartite blade; fruitlets flattened, mostly slightly bordered. Note. Various species of this cycle require a thorough study. These provisionally assigned to it may be divided into 4 basic groups. 1. Protracti Ovcez.— with glabrous or appressed-hairy stems and obsolete rootstock (R. acer, R. propinquus, R. slabrius culus, R.subcorymbosus, R.jacuticus). 2. Patentes Ovcz.— with spreading-hairy stems, often with well developed creeping rootstock (R. boreali, R. lanuginosiformis, R.lanuginosus, R.smirnovii, R. grandifolius, and perhaps R. japonicus). 3. Sericei Ovcz.— with appressed-hairy stems entirely covered with leaves of similar shape and a well developed rootstock (R. stevenii, R.baldshuanicus). 4. Viridifolii Ovcez.— with more or less glabrous stems and a well developed rootstock; shape of cauline leaves sharply contrasted with the radical leaves (R. laetus). The above subdivisions provide only a tentative basis for an exhaustive analysis of the entire cycle and for the clarification of the interrelation of the varieties concerned. 96.0 Rh. acer DL. Sp. pl. (1753) bo4S DCE IProdr L636; Jadb.; KLeRoess! I, 40; Schmal'g., Fl. I, 92.—Ic.: Rehb., Ic. Fl. Germ. IV (1838-1839) t.16 bis, 17.— Exs.: Herb. Normale edit. Dorfler No. 4444; Fl. Bohemiae et Moraviae exsicc.; Petrak, Mahr ed 1, f. XII, No.1130. Perennial, 30—70cm high; rootstock undeveloped; roots in a compact bundle; stems sulcate, appressed-hairy or glabrate proximally, with long more or less declinate branches, many-flowered; radical and lower cauline 353 462 leaves with petiole passing into an elongated glabrous or hairy sheath, the blade rounded, more or iess pentagonal lin outline], glabrous or with scattered hairs above and scattered hairs beneath, 5-palmatisect almost to base, with oblong-rhombic or oblong-lanceolate lobes, these deeply incised into lanceolate or linear acute entire, usually dentate lobules; the upper leaves sessile, tripartite, with linear incised-dentate lobes; peduncles sulcate, appressed-hairy; flowers golden yellow, 1.5—2cm in diameter, with 5-merous calyx and corolla; sepals ovate, more or less appressed- hairy, spreading, 4—7mm long; petals lustrous above, broad-obovate, 7-10mm long; receptacle glabrous; fruiting head globose; fruitlets obliquely ovoid, rounded, smooth, laterally flattened, with narrow borders, to 2.5mm long; the beak very short, almost straight, proximally broadened, sometimes with recurved tip. May—August. Inundated and dry-valley meadows; a weed of cultivated and fallow fields and pastures, sometimes in boggy herbaceous habitats, and rarely penetrating into open birch forests and felling areas. — European part: Kar= Lap... Dyi-Rech..)) Had: lime, Wry Vin Nepisama.. Ul inp, Vive nae V.-Don, Transv.,.Bl:, lL. Don, i. V., Urals; Caucasus: (Cisc 4 Weiser Ob; 0: Tobs, irt.,, Alti.s Centr, gAcia: Dzu.5Rarb. 2. Geni sdistr 7 © oma Eur. Described from Hurope. Type in London. 99. R.propinquus C.A.M. in Ldb., Fl. Alt. II (1830) 332; Ldb., FI. Rossx Il, 40.5 RB, borealis, Lrauty.. in, Bull. Soc. Nat. Moses 2xoeciil (1860) 72, ex pte. Perennial, 8—30cm high; roots fiberlike, fascicular, sometimes root- stock developed, obliquely abbreviated; stems simple or short-branched in upper part, sulcate or with obscure furrows only near the flowers, mostly with one to several flowers, covered with appressed short setose straight hairs, rarely glabrous from base; leaves glabrous or glabrate, light green above, with appressed somewhat silky hairs or glabrate beneath; radical leaves petiolate, the petioles with upright hairs and short broadened sheaths, the blade reniform-rounded in outline, cordate or cuneate, sometimes with basally contiguous lobes, deeply tripartite, the middle lobe basally somewhat cuneate-obovate, incised-serrate with subobtuse teeth, the lateral lobes broader, unequally bifid and dentate-serrate; cauline leaves few, sessile, with the exception of the lowermost leaf sometimes short-petioled, palmati- partite, with 3—5 segments, those of lower leaves oblong, acutely dentate- incised, segments of upper leaves linear, entire or almost dentate, mostly tapering to base; flowers 1.8—2.5cm in diameter, golden; sepals divergent or even somewhat reflexed, oblong-ovate, very densely covered with drooping hairs; petals 5—8, 2—3 times as long as sepals, obovate. June—July. High-mountain meadows, riverbanks in the forest zone, and sometimes entering mixed and coniferous forests.— W.Siberia: Alt.; E. Siberia: Ang.-Say., Dau. Described from Altai (near Chechulikha on the Chuya River). Type in Leningrad. 100. R.glabriusculus Rupr. in Beitr. zur Pflanzenkunde des Russisch. Reiches II(1845) 19.— R. borealis Trautv. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXIII.(1860) 73, ex pte.— R.borealis var..glabrata Trautv., lie. ex ipte he bier ealdis; Weyk nin gh Zap) ctbig Vis.) b20 0. exepteac wicks Rupr lcs, wbabi.1% 354 463 Perennial, 10—25cm high; roots in a loose bundle of elongated slender fibers; stems solitary, simple, 1-flowered, or else slightly branched distally with several flowers, glabrous or glabrate, rarely with scattered semi- appressed slender hairs confined to lower part, like the peduncles finely sulcate throughout, with 1—2 small bracts; radical leaves numerous or single, their slender petioles glabrous, occasionally slightly whitish-hairy, passing into slender elongated scarious glabrous sheaths, the blade more or less broadly notched basally, rounded-reniform-ovate in outline, small, to 1.1—2.2mm long, to 1.6—3cm broad, more or less deeply tripartite; divergent segments, the middle segment ovate, oblong, acuminate or obovate- oblong, dentate-incised, rarely entire, the lateral segments mostly remote, somewhat more broadly dentate-incised, almost bilobate, the blade ciliate- margined, glabrate or with scattered hairs on both surfaces; cauline leaves (if present) similar to the radical, sessile, tripartite, with subacute linear segments; peduncles finely sulcate, appressed-hairy; receptacle narrow, short, glabrous; flowers 1.3—1.6(2)cm in diameter, pale yellow (whitish in herbarium); sepals oblong-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, with a yellow border, 4—5mm long, with appressed short hairs; petals mostly oblong- obovate, rounded; fruiting head rounded-oval, small, stamens and sepals often persistent after flowering; fruitlets 2.2-—2.5mm long, glabrous, more or less convex or slightly flattened laterally, rounded-obovoid, the beak short, to 0.5mm, slender, straight, with hamately curved tip. July. Arctic zone. Low-bush tundra and meadows with mixed herbaceous cover. Arctic: Are. Eur., Novy. Z., W./and-Are, sib. Hndemic. Described from the Bol'shezemel'skaya Tundra. Type in Leningrad. 101. R.borealis Trautv. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXIII (1860) 73, ex pie. fw eo reaia se, war. typi'ca Trauty.. l.¢c.— Racer subsp. frieseanus Shmal'g., Fl. 1 (1895) 22, ex pte.— R. propinquus Korsh. in Tent.. hi. Ross. Ort 1 (1898) Te, now. .AL MM ex pte: Keryl., Fl Zap. Sib. V, 1204, ex pte. Perennial, 20—50cm high; rootstock obsolete; stems mostly simple or with short branches in upper part, covered with spreading hairs, these appressed only at the very tip, rarely the stems glabrous; radical leaves with long petioles covered with spreading hairs, broadened into glabrous, rarely hairy sheaths, the blade rounded-cordate [in outline] with a narrowly notched cordate base, trisected into incised-dentate segments, the middle segment rounded-obovate or rounded-rhombic, somewhat cuneate, trifid into broad oblong dentate lobules, the lateral segments mostly broader than the middle segment, broad-obovate or rhombic-obovate, 2—3-fid into broad dentate-incised lobules, the leaf blade covered with silky hairs, especially beneath; cauline leaves — at least the lower ones — often petiolate, quadri- or pentagonal, ovate, or broad-reniform in outline, deeply 3—5-sect, with oblong or oblong-obovate dentate-incised lobes; uppermost leaves tri- partite, with linear-oblong entire lobes; flowers 1.8—2.4cm in diameter, with 5 petals and sepals; sepals appressed-hairy; petals broad-obovate; fruiting head globose; receptacle glabrous; fruitlets orbicular, laterally flattened and more or less flat, the beak ensiform, short, proximally broadened, with curved tip. May—July. | Spruce and mixed forests, birch forests and shrubs, forest margins, often in mossy soil, entering spring and flooded meadows mainly in the 355 464 467 forest zone, and further south in boggy localities. — European part: Kar.- Lap.; .Dv.-Pech.; Lad.-lm., (Ui \V., VajKama, Transy.., Uralss ) Wi isisesgis. Ob, U. Tobi; Ali: HE jotbertas) Yenis., sena-Kol.; Ano ssaye, pOat Coda: Asia: Balkh., Dzu.-Tarb. Endemic. Described from the mountains of Karkarala (Mt. Kent). Type in Leningrad. Note. Ahighly variable species. The blade shape, as well as the considerable pubescence — especially beneath — of the often conspicuously and deeply cordate radical leaves, and the spreading hairs covering the stems, bring it close to R. lanuginosus, from which it is clearly distinguished by smaller fruitlets with shorter beaks, smaller flowers, and sparser pubescence. Plants from the European part of the USSR are distinguished from Siberian plants by their less rounded, larger, strongly pubescent leaves, and may represent a separate variety. 102. R.lanuginosiformis Selin in sched. ex Fellm., Pl. Lapp. Or. (1864-1869) 3; Trautv., Incr. Fl. Ross. (1882) 21.—R.acer Fellm., l.c., p.3, non L.; Trautv. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXIII (1860) 73 ex p. quo ad pl. arct,; inA.BsP. 1, 1; 49: Kryl.) FI. Zap. Sib avi (lea) 1205 ex p.— R. borealis var. pumilis Wahlb., FI. Lapp. (1812) 159. Perennial, 11—18cm high, mostly 1- or 2-stemmed, the lower part of stems almost black or dark grayish brown owing to old sheaths; stems branched in upper part, mostly with 3—5 flowers, covered from base with spreading sometimes brownish hairs, rarely glabrate,in upper part the hairs semidistant or semiappressed, occasionally densely covered with spreading hairs; radical leaves with petioles covered with spreading hairs and passing into broadened elongated brownish scarious or somewhat coriaceous sheaths, these covered with elongated scattered semiappressed hairs and with long ciliate margins or (old petioles) glabrous, with distal auricles, the leaf blade more or less rounded-reniform [in outline], some- what cordate or cuneate, often tripartite to one-fourth or one-fifth, rarely to one-third, the middle segment oblong-obovate or irregularly oblong- rhombic, the apex shallowly 3-dentate-incised, with a series of small sub- acute teeth, the lateral segments broader than the middle segment, mostly bilobate-incised, with somewhat dentate-incised lobes, the leaf blade dark green with scattered short appressed hairs above, paler green with scattered hairs beneath; cauline leaves mostly one, sessile or subsessile, with elongated hairy basally often broad light brownish sheaths, tripartite, with entire or slightly dentate linear or oblong-lanceolate segments; flowers 1.6—2.5cm in diameter, bright yellow; sepals semiappressed, elliptic or oblong-elliptic, to 5—-6.6mm long, subobtuse, with yellowish border, appressed-hairy; petals 5—8, broadly rounded-obovate, mostly slightly emarginate or crenate, 0.8—1.2cm long; fruitlets 2.5—2.8mm long, oblong-obovoid, often with long isolated cilia on the underside, with straight beak, 0.6—0.8mm, short hamately tipped. Argillaceous tundra, dry sandy hills, dry grass plots, rarely river banks or flats.— Arctic: Nov. Z., Arc. Sib. Endemic. Described from Novaya Zemlya. Type in Leningrad. 103. R.lanuginosus L., Sp.pl. (1753) 554; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 42; schmialol) Hla 22> (N.Busch in-Bi cavic.erit Ml (3. 143) je; eh le. Et Germert, (46Q0er iiixce:) Mi sions. vege INO. Goo: 5667 356 (465) PLATE XXX. 1—Ranunculus muricatus L.; 2—R.chius DC.; 3 —R.trachycarpus Fisch. et Mey; 4—R.lomatocarpus Fisch. et Mey. 357 468 Perennial; rootstock abbreviated, obliquely truncate, almost obsolete; stems 30—80cm high, twice or thrice branched distally, few-flowered, covered like the petioles with dense drooping or spreading long slender hairs; radical leaves pentagonal-rounded [in outline], tripartite for two- thirds or three-fourths of their length, with approached or contiguous broad- obovate acutely trifid serrate-dentate segments, densely covered with whitish silky hairs beneath, with scattered appressed hairs above, the base of blade acutely and deeply notched; lower cauline leaves similar to the radical, petiolate, upper leaves sessile or subsessile, tripartite, with narrow serrate segments; peduncles sulcate; flowers 1.6—2.6cm in diameter, yellow; sepals divergent, hairy, half as long as the obovate 13—14-mm long petals; receptacle glabrous; fruitlets 4—4.8mm long, broadly rounded- obovoid, strongly flattened laterally, with a thin border, glabrous, smooth, the beak long, to 1.8-—2mm, straight from base, hamate-curved distally. May—June. Forests and shrubs; rare.— European part: M.Dnp., Bl. Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur. Described from Europe. Type in London. 104. R.smirnovii Ovcz., sp. nova in Addenda VI, p.574.—R.lanugino- sus Turcz., Fl. baic.-dahur. I (1842) 59, non L. Perennial, tall, mostly strongly developed, 50—60cm high, densely hairy; root fibers thickened, in a compact bundle; crown thin, with profuse fibers of dead leaves; stems with spreading rigidulous, basally often with rufous long hairs, branched distally, with more or less numerous flowers; radical leaves large, long-petioled, the blade broadly rounded-cordate or rounded- ovate lin outline], with a deeply notched base, to 7-9cm long, to 13cm broad, tripartite to beyond the middle, sometimes almost to base, with broad obovate-rhombic acutely dentate-incised segments, the middle segment often dissected almost to the middle into 3 broad oblong dentate-incised lobes, the lateral segments acutely dentate-incised, mostly bisected to the middle or beyond, the blade whitish-sericeous or pale green beneath due to a dense covering of appressed white hairs, ciliate-margined, the petioles covered with more or less rigid, often retrorse hairs, the elongated sheaths and stems almost always rufous-hairy; lower cauline leaves short-petioled, similar to the radical but more deeply dissected, sometimes the lobes of cauline leaves petiolate, the upper leaves sessile or subsessile, hairy, deeply 3—5-partite, with oblong-rhombic or lanceolate-oblong, mostly coarsely and acutely dentate, sometimes petiolate lobes; flowers mostly numerous, often in corymbose inflorescences, 2.2—3.2cm in diameter; sepals semi- appressed or somewhat divergent, hairy, one-third to half the length of the petals; petals obovate, cuneate, more or less rounded or somewhat crenate; receptacle glabrous; fruitlets broad-obovoid, laterally flattened, with a thin border, smooth, glabrous, with ensiform, short beak, 0.6—0.8mm, straight or sometimes twisted from base, usually curved distally. June—July. Broadleaf and mixed forests, shore pebbles, forest meadows, willow groves and forest margins.— E.Siberia: Ang.-Say., Dau. Endemic. Described from Transbaikalia. Type in Leningrad. Note. This species is distinguished from R.grandiflorus by its mostly smaller flowers and by the absence of a creeping rootstock. It differs from R.lanuginosus L. by the narrower segments of leaves, by stems often covered with rufous hairs below, by smaller fruitlets, but 358 469 mainly by the beaks, which equal half the length of the fruitlet proper. It is easily confused with R. borealis Trautv., a smaller plant whose stems are covered with slender erect-spreading short hairs; these are neither long nor rufous and never retrorse,as often happens in R.smirnovii Ovcz., which is, moreover, mostly a forest plant. 105. R.grandifolius C.A.M. in Ldb., Fl. Alt. II (1830) 330; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V (1931) 1206.— R.lanuginosus C.A.M. (non L.),l.c.— Perennial, large, 30—80(100)cm high; rootstock horizontal, long, 10 cm or longer, 4—6cm thick, glabrous, sometimes slightly hairy only at the crown; stem without fibers of dead petioles (as in R. lanuginosus), stout, striate-sulcate, distally branched, proximally with downward-spreading hairs, distally with appressed rigid hairs; leaves with scattered short appressed hairs or glabrate and green above, the underside light or sericeous, densely covered with appressed long silky white hairs; radical leaves long-petioled, with amplexicaul sheaths, rounded-reniform lin outline], cordate, large, 8-9cm long, 14cm broad), deeply palmatisect into 3—5 large, elongated, broadly oblong-rhombic segments tapering to base, approached or distally contiguous, the middle segment mostly somewhat narrower than the lateral, unequally deeply acutely incised-serrate, with upward-pointing teeth, or else more or less deeply almost 2—3-incised into serrate lobes, the lateral segments more or less deeply dissected, acutely serrate-incised; upper leaves more deeply divided into oblong-elliptic acutely and unequally serrate-incised sessile or subsessile segments, segments of uppermost leaves linear-lanceolate, entire or subentire; flowers 2—3.2cm in diameter, golden yellow, usually in a subcorymbose inflorescence, spreading or semiappressed, 6—8(9)mm long, elliptic, with silky hairs; petals 5—6 (sometimes 7 or even 10—11), rounded-obovate, 11—15 mm long; receptacle glabrous; fruitlets obovoid, 3.5—4mm long, glabrous, laterally flattened, with a distinct dorsal border, the beak 0.5—0.8(1)mm long, hamate- curved distally, rarely curved from base with hamate tip. June—August. Subalpine meadows, apparently most frequent in damp places, riverbanks, forest meadows, and forests of the forest zone.— W.Siberia: Alt.; E.Siberia: Ang.-Say.; Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb., T. Sh. Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash. Described from Altai. Type in Leningrad. 106. R.subcorymbosus Kom. in Fedde, Repert. XIII (1914) 234; Fl. Kamch. II (1929) 145.—R.acer subsp. japonicus Hultein, Fl. Kamtch. II, 120, non Maxim. Perennial, to 40cm high; rootstock obsolete; stems one or several, more or less hollow, glabrous, smooth or else distally covered with scattered appressed or semiappressed slender inconspicuous hairs, sulcate, distally branching, inflorescence cymose, with peduncles arising in groups of 2—3, radical leaves petiolate, orbicular or reniform lin outline], more or less broadly cordate-notched, 3—5-incised-lobate, the lobes not approximate, broadly oblong-rhombic or oblong-elliptic, the lateral lobes broader and asymmetric, acutely serrate-dentate, the petioles covered with appressed or semiappressed slender hairs, the blade paler with scattered appressed slender hairs, even sparser above; lowermost cauline leaves short- petioled, similar to the radical but more deeply divided, with large slightly 359 470 hairy amplexicaul sheaths, the uppermost leaves sessile, tripartite or trisected into oblong or lanceolate entire, more often acutely dentate sessile or petiolate (f. umbrosus Kom.) segments, hairy; peduncles appressed- hairy, not sulcate; flowers large, 2—2.5cm in diameter, more or less numerous, golden yellow; sepals more or less villous, oblong-ovate, obtusely rounded, with a yellow border, divergent, some recurved; petals 5, rarely to 7, broad-obovate, truncate-rounded or even slightly emarginate; receptacle glabrous; fruitlets 3.5-4mm long, more or less oblong-obovoid, laterally flattened, the beak short, to 1mm, straight, the short hamate- curved tip finally drying out. August. (Plate XXVII, Figure 3,a—d). Damp alpine meadows and penetrating to pebbly valleys of montane rivers down to the forest zone (together with Betula ermani Cham.).— Far East: Kamch. Endemic. Described from Kamchatka. Type in Leningrad. 107. R.jacuticus Ovcz.,sp. nova in Addenda VI, p.575. Perennial, 20—40cm high; rootstock short, thickened, vertical, with elongated stoutish fibers or almost obsolete; stems one or several (2 or 3), almost simple or branched from their lower part, hollow, glabrous, sulcate, rather few-flowered; radical leaves long-petioled, cordate, deeply tripartite often almost to base, with oblong-obovate somewhat cuneate spreading segments, the lateral segments broader and asymmetric, mostly more or less deeply bifid and acutely palmatifid [sic!] with a large central tooth, the blade glabrous or with appressed, rarely spreading hairs, the petioles glabrous, rarely with scattered semicontiguous long slender weak hairs; lower cauline leaves (if developed) more or less similar to the radical, short- petioled, with elongated semiamplexicaul glabrous or slightly hairy sheaths; upper cauline leaves sessile, 2—3-partite, with linear-lanceolate lobes, almost petiolate; peduncles appressed-hairy, mostly weak, seminutant or curved, 1.8—2.8cm mostly with 6 petals [sic.]; sepals semiappressed or somewhat divergent, hairy, more or less ovate, obtuse; petals broad- obovate, rounded or somewhat crenate-notched at the apex, twice as long as sepals; fruitlets 3.5—4mm long, obovoid, with a thin dorsal border, laterally flattened, smooth; beak slender, 1—1.2mm long, straight or somewhat curved from base, with a broadly hamate-recurved tip. May—July. (Plate XXVII, Figure 4). Meadow and boggy-meadow localities, banks of rivers, and small lakes. — E.Siberia: Lena-Kol. Endemic. Described from Yakutia (from the Lena River valley near Bulun). Type in Leningrad. 108. R.japonicus Thunb. in Transact. of Linn. Soc. II (1794) 337; Kom., Fl. Manchzh. 1, 1, 295.— Ripropinquus Maxim.; Prim? Pl> Am 37920) nonC.A.M.—R.acris var. japonicus Maxim., Enum. pl. Mongol? (1889) 21 (ex pte). — R. acer var. steveni Korsh. in A.H.P. XII (1888) ZO ex tel Perennial; rootstock abbreviated, sometimes with smooth brownish subterranean shoots, the crown thickened; stems sulcate, covered from base — as also petioles of radical leaves — with spreading or subappressed short setose hairs, in upper part with appressed hairs, branched proximally; radical leaves mostly large, long-petioled, usually rounded-reniform in outline, mostly with a flat noncordate base, trifid into broad-oblong-rhombic 360 471 or ovate-rhombic large acutely dentate segments, the large lateral lobes broader, the blade covered with short appressed setose hairs on both surfaces; lower cauline leaves petiolate, similar to the radical, upper leaves sessile, tripartite, with incised-dentate more or less oblong-rhombic segments; bracts ternately parted into linear-lanceolate segments; peduncles appressed-hairy, more or less sulcate, slender, elongated; flowers yellow, 2—2.4cm in diameter; sepals divergent, hairy; petals obovate, cuneate, lustrous yellow above; receptacle glabrous, slender, cylindric; fruitlets somewhat irregularly obovoid-rounded, with a more or less sulcate border, with slightly convex sides, the beak triangularly broadened proximally, hamate-curved. June—July. Forests and scrub, rarely meadows.— Far East: Uda, Uss., Sakh. Gen. distr.: Jap.-Ch. Described from Japan. Type in Uppsala. Note. In meadows beside the Amur River in the Blagoveshchensk area there occur aberrant plants with stems and petioles covered with spreading soft hairs, with the leaf blade deeply tripartite with widely distant oblong- cuneate segments, and with the rootstock almost obsolete. These may represent a separate species. 109. R.stevenii Andrz. in Bess. Suppl. III ad catal. plant. hort. bot. Gymnas. Volhyn. cult. (1814) 19.—R.acris Jord. in Observat., plant. nov. VI (1847) 15 (non L.).— R. acer subsp. frieseanus Shmal'g., FI. B24, ex pte, Exsi:i\Flinexs; austro-hung;) No:1720. Perennial, tall, 40—60cm high, with a thickened horizontally creeping rootstock covered with rufous coarse hairs, with cordlike fibers on lower surface, rarely rootstock obsolete; radical leaves long-petioled, orbicular, 3—5-partite almost to base, with broad oblong-rhombic cuneate, mostly deeply dentate-incised segments, the middle segment often trifid and dentate, the lateral segments deeply and unequally bifid and dentate, the whole blade more or less densely covered with setose appressed somewhat silky hairs, especially beneath, the petioles covered with appressed setose hairs, rufous at base of petiole and on sheaths; lower cauline leaves short-petioled, similar to the radical, the sheaths covered with appressed often rufous hairs; upper cauline leaves sessile, 3—4-partite, with oblong-lanceolate or linear entire or dentate segments; stems finely sulcate, distally branched, many-flowered, with appressed hairs (rufous«at base of stem); flowers with long peduncles, often in corymbose inflorescence, 1.7—2cm in diameter; sepals spreading, with long often rufous hairs, half the length of the petals, 472 subobtuse, with a scarious border; petals more or less rounded-obovate; receptacle glabrous; fruitlets 3.2—3.4mm long, obovoid, smooth, flattened, slightly convex, the beak short, to 0.6mm, straight, broadly triangular. May—July. Forest and forest margins, rarely in meadows.— European part: M. Dnp., Bl., L.V. Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur. Described from the former Volyn Province. Type in Leningrad. 110. R.baldshuanicus Regl.,ex Kom. in Trav. Soc. Nat. Pétersb. XXVI (1896) 67; O.A. and B.A. Fedch., Ranuncul. Turk., 55; Consp. Fl. Turk., i2; aoik, in Opred> rast. Tashk. 0, 131.— Exs.: H. F.A.M? Ne, 139. Perennial, with a sericeous or silvery pubescence, to 40—65cm high; rootstock stout, torose-nodose, horizontal, short, with a stout lateral 361 473 excrescence covered with scales bearing appressed rigid hairs and with cylindrically broadened root fibers; stems many-flowered, distally branched except in lower part, covered with appressed silky silvery rigidulous hairs, bearing leaves throughout that gradually diminish upward and resemble petioles in shape; leaves pentagonal in outline, tripartite, their segments triangular-ovate or rhombic-ovate, deeply trisected into acute lanceolate or elongate-rhombic lobes, the lanceolate lobes somewhat dentate-incised, acute; lateral segments sessile, middle segment petiolate, the petiole bearing scattered rigid appressed or semiappressed hairs, the blade golden green, especially beneath more or less covered with short silky white hairs; cauline leaves with more dense silvery hairs especially beneath, similar to the radical leaves but smaller, with sessile middle segment; uppermost leaflets tripartite, with entire lobate segments, sessile, with hairy sheaths; peduncles slender, rounded, not sulcate, densely appressed-hairy; flowers 1.4—2 cm in diameter, their buds densely covered with long golden hairs; sepals spreading-recurved, densely covered with long somewhat yellowish white hairs; petals obovate, cuneate; fruitlets ovoid, laterally flattened, narrow-bordered, the beak short, triangular, straight, acuminate; receptacle short, narrowly cylindric, clavately broadened at apex, glabrous or with a tuft of short straight ciliate hairs confined to the very apex. May—June. River valleys, irrigation ditches, and villages in foothills and the middle mountain zone, to 2,600—2;700m:.— Centr.*Asia: Syrv Di, (Rame=Alye wien. Endemic. Described from Tadzhikistan. Type in Leningrad. 111, R.laetus Wall., Cat. Ind. pl. (1828) No. 4702 (nomen); Hook., Fl. br. Ind. 1(1875) 19.—R.acer B.Fedtsch., Consp. Fl. Turk I (1906) 12 (nena yi: Perennial, with rootstock thickened, horizontal, rigid, rarely abbreviated, covered with coarse scales and short setose hairs, 50—70(90)cm high, branched from the middle or above, with upright long slender appressed- hairy peduncles, the lower cauline leaves sharply set off from the upper ones; stems covered with appressed setose hairs bearing leaves mainly at base, leafless from base to lower branches; radical leaves broad-ovate, tripartite to base or almost to base or trisected and then the segments petiolate, deeply and unequally tripartite, with acutely lobate-incised or coarsely dentate-incised lobes, else the lateral segments bifid with coarsely and acutely dentate-incised lobes, all segments cuneate, light green and glabrate or with scattered short setose hairs above, whitish green and more densely hairy with very prominent veins beneath; cauline leaves and upper leaves, subtending the branches, the peduncles sessile (rarely with isolated petiolate leaves), tripartite, with unequal lanceolate or linear cuneate coarsely dentate-incised lobes, lobes of upper leaves entire; flowers bright yellow, 2.5—3cm in diameter; sepals retrorse, appressed-hairy; receptacle glabrous; fruitlets 3mm long, obovoid, bordered, laterally flattened with an attenuate base, the beak short, to 0.5mm flat, laterally displaced, proximally broadened, straight, distally somewhat curved. June—July. Riverbanks, sometimes in ''tugai,'' damp places and irrigation ditches. — Pam.-Al., T. Sh. (W.). Gen. distr.: Ind.-Him. Described from India. Type in London (?). 362 474 Section PACHYCARPUS Ovcz.— Characters in the key. 112. R.schaftoanus (Aitch. et Hemsl.) Boiss., Fl. Or. Suppl. (1888) 5.— Oxygraphis schaftoanus Aitch. et Hemsl. in Jounr. Linn. Soc. XIX (1882) 149.—Ic.: Aitch. et Hemsl., l.c., tab. 3. Perennial, 15—25cm high, with ascending glabrous weak simple stems; rootstock elongated, horizontally creeping or else poorly developed, with a basal row of long cylindric root fibers; leaves mostly only radical, glabrous, usually with very long weak petioles passing into a short whitish scarious sheath, the blade rounded-ovate in outline, somewhat fleshy, divided to base into 3 distant obovate-cuneate entire or obtusely 3—5-dentate-incised segments; cauline leaves mostly obsolete, sometimes a short-petioled leaf present at base, similar to the radical leaves; stems weak, 1-flowered, with small sessile bracteoles, bracteoles entire, linear or 2—3-partite with short-lanceolate lobes; peduncles glabrous; flowers large, yellow; petals 5, obovate, golden yellow or greenish yellow, twice as long as the sepals, some more or less persistent after flowering; sepals glabrous, obtuse, oblong-rounded, with scarious border; fruiting head globose, with numerous tightly clustered fruitlets; fruitlets 4.2-—4.8mm long, 2.8-3.5mm broad, rounded-obovoid, slender, laterally flattened, especially in ventral part scarious-winged, short, glabrous, with 2 veins — one distinct, one indistinct — along the dorsal edge, green or with a somewhat purple upper edge; receptacle clavately thickened, glabrous, beak, short, 0.1—0.3mm, some- times obscure, dorsally displaced, proximally broadened, flat, hamately curved. July. Unfixed alpine stone fields at 3,900—4,300m, where almost the entire plant is buried by gravel and stones, with only the leaf blades and flowers emerging.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. (Peter the First, Darvas, and Shugnan ranges). Gen. distr.: Afghanistan (Sikaram Mountains). Described from Afghanistan. Type in London. Note. This species must be related to R. platyspermus, which has almost identical fruitlets and similarly persistent sepals. Itis distinguished from R.platyspermus by the absence of pubescence on stems and peduncles, by the tripartite leaf blade, and by the strongly or weakly developed creeping rootstock. Thus the present species combines characters of the subgenus Chrysanthe (creeping rootstock, shape of leaves). Subgenus 5. MICRANTHUS Ovcz.-— Flowers sessile or subsessile, small, to 2—3mm in diameter, often crowded in groups of 2—3 in leaf axils and in bifurcations of the almost furcately branching stems, with small basal bracts embracing the flowers; sepals 5, colored, some occasionally concrescent; nectaries 3—5, abortive, yellowish or whitish-scarious, usually shorter than sepals, spatulate, narrowed into a claw; stamens 4—6(7); petals orbicular; fruitlets more or less flattened, laterally bordered, punctate-tuberculate, with an erect, acuminate or slightly hamate-tipped beak. Small annuals of damp and muddy localities; leaves mostly entire, rarely more or less incised, often almost decussate; 3—4 species, mainly in the Mediterranean area. 363 113. R.lateriflorus DC., Syst. 1(1818) 251; Prodr.I, 43; Boiss., Fl. Or 1) 535" Shmialite, one aijaor Ne Busch) ia Wile cane te rit Ee appeals Ic.: Deless., lc. sel. I (1820) tab. 30.— Exs.: HFR No.1752. Annually, usually small, 5-10 cm high, glabrous, reaching 15—20cm in fruit; stems erect, hollow, mostly pseudo-dichotomously branching distally; roots slender, fascicular, sometimes adventitious roots on lower nodes; all except upper leaves long-petioled, glabrous, oblong-elliptic lin outline], the 475 uppermost leaves oblong-lanceolate, entire or slightly dentate at upper margin, especially in upper part of stem — where lateral branches are abortive-approximate, apparently opposite; bracts 2 (one a true bract, the other a cauline leaflet), sessile, with scarious sheaths embracing the axillary flower, often opposite at base of one shoot; flowers small, to 2—3mm_ long, sessile or subsessile in axils of branches, opposite and terminal, in upper part of stem often crowded in groups of 3—4, due to abortion of lateral branches; perianth 5-lobed, occasionally 2 of the lobes concrescent, 2—2.5mm long, petaloid; nectaries 3, rarely 5, spatulate, narrowed to a claw, mostly 1mm long or even shorter, occasionally to 2mm, scarious or slightly colored; stamens 4—7; anthers rounded; fruitlets rounded-elliptic, flat, with greenish borders, slightly tuberculate laterally (mainly close to the edges), the beak long, strong, acuminate, straight or somewhat hamate- tipped. April—June. Banks of freshwater lakelets and of boggy depressions, muddy riverbanks, and argillaceous solonetzic steppes.— European part: Crim., L.V., M. Dnp.; Caucasus: S.Transc.; W.Siberia: Irt.: Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb. Gen. distr.: Bal.-As. Min. Described from the East. Type in Geneva. Subgenus 6. PACHYLOMA (Spach) Ovez.— Gen. Pachyloma Spach, Hist. Veg. VII (1839) 194.— Sect. Echinella DC., Prodr. 1 (1824) 41; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 45.— Gen. Pfundia Opiz. Seznam rost. (1852) 73 (nomen). — Sect. Buthyranthus subsect. eubuthyranthu's Prantl in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. IX (1888) 267, 268; Bj inewNatumls aPilafanwty TH s2eeenoom a. Characters in the key. 1. Radical and cauline leaves petiolate, entire, rounded-reniform, lobate- dentate-incised, cordate. Plant covered with silky white hairs; flowers small, 5—-7mm in diameter; peduncles short, thickened, PECUEV EG 1m VPI Spans Meneses) gee: Bah Soe Ek ae kG IAS 114. R.chius DC. + Radical and cauline leaves petiolate, deeply tripartite or compound, segments petiolate, cordate or cuneate; flowers larger ......... 2. 2. Leaves entire, broad-reniform, tripartite, with broad oblong-rhombic incised-dentate segments, slightly cordate or cuneate; fruitlets laterally covered with elongated acute prickles, with a tuberculate smooth borders $ii1...eri ci. eG Beye ita peat aan 115. R.muricatus L. ste Leaves — at least the cauline — compound, once or twice tripartite, with narrow oblong or lanceolate lobes, sometimes the lowermost leaves entinesand) thengoblong=cuncate ie mayhetN ae aieietee hoe i Seen ee 3 176 3- Radical leaves cuneate, entire, narrowly obcuneate-oblong, soon drying; other leaves deeply divided, with mostly nonpetiolate lanceolate or linear-oblong lobes; fruitlets 4—6 in a head, with a thickneed wide bondercovenced awathyexccesicanCes sl lene ne meme 118. R.arvensis L. 364 477 ss Radical leaves ovate-rounded in outline, deeply tripartite, with broadly obcuneate or irregularly rhombic sessile segments rarely narrowed to a wide petiolate base; cauline leaves twice deeply tripartite, with narrow dentate segments; fruitlets with a sulcate border and Literaliniecevercd-with punctate tubercles; otiy. ser. ei Sten Fel. rw? Sear, te Sa ne es 116. R.trachycarpus Fisch. et Mey. ++ Radical leaves rounded-reniform in outline, tripartite, soon wilting; other leaves twice tripartite, with sessile segments deeply divided into dentate lobes; flowers large,to 1.5—2cm in diameter; fruitlets laterally punctate-tuberculate or smooth, with a wide smooth non- DUMPS EEIMOrEE ES cla tohitw jis So 117. R.lomatocarpus Fisch. et Mey. 114. R.chius DC., Syst. 1 (1818) 299; Prodr. I, 42; Boiss., Fl. Or. I o2 eid sch is Rossod) 4739 Shmalie., oF 1,,183) Busch in! Fl: cauc. crit: ii, 3, eb4ly = leg? tGuss.;.Enum:. ple Inar: (1854) tab.I,f.1.— Exs.: HFR. Ney froly*Fi: cauc. exs. No. 158. Annual, 6—20cm high, rarely higher, covered with soft hairs; stem erect, somewhat nutant distally; leaves reniform-rounded [in outline], more or less broadly lobate-dentate-incised, all except uppermost entire, elliptic; bracts petiolate; peduncles lateral and terminal, arising from leaf axils, clavately thickened in fruit, recurved, 3—4 times as long as fruiting heads; flowers 5-8mm in diameter; sepals hairy, about as long as petals; petals narrow-obovate or narrow-oblong, strongly narrowed proximally; stamens 6—8, with thickened filaments; fruitlets 4-—4.5mm long, ovate, laterally flattened, covered with tubercles bearing isolated hamately recurved acicular hairs, and with a narrow thin border, the beak broad proximally; somewhat curved from base, hamate-tipped, half as long as the fruitlet; receptacle very short, glabrous. April-May. (Plate XXX, Figure 2). Scrub and forests, forest meadows, gardens, and fields. — European part: Crim.; Caucasus: W., S., and E.Transc. Gen. distr.: Med., Bal.-As. Min. Described from Greece. Type in Paris. > 11}5;oRimuricatus Li.) Sp. pl. (1753) 780; Ldb:; Fl. Ross. I,. 47; Shae at Ge) To. 165) N.Busch: in Fl) scaue:| crit. ‘11, 3, /140..—:Exs.: Fl. caue.,cusies Not $793. Fv ASM.) No.245. = le.: Lam.) Eneycls Dlustr. tab..4985, \Sibth., Fl. graeca, tab:522;) Rchb.,,: Ic. Fl. .Germ., f£,4615. Annual, with fiberlike-cordlike fascicular roots, mostly to 10—30cm high, more or less glabrous or else leaves, petioles, and peduncles covered with long ciliate, somewhat drooping, hairs; radical leaves long-petioled, sub- orbicular or rounded-reniform [in outline], trisected, rarely tripartite with petiolate segments or 2—3-partite and lobate-dentate; lower cauline leaves similar to the radical, upper leaves mostly lobate-tripartite, cuneate, rarely subentire, more or less sessile or short-petioled, uppermost leaves some- times pseudo-opposite; peduncles more or less numerous, opposite, more or less sulcate, slender, alternate, tortuous; flowers 10—13mm in diameter; sepals recurved, with scattered long ciliate hairs; petals obovate-oblong, 5—8mm long, narrowed proximally, somewhat longer than sepals; receptacle covered with slender ciliate sparse hairs; stamens numerous; fruitlets 7—8mm long, stellately spreading, flat, ovoid, with narrow bisulcate 365 478 border and along the edges, with numerous straight or distally curved, prickly excrescences, the beak broadened proximally, ensiform, straight or somewhat curved, terminal, half the length of the fruitlet. April—May. (Plate XXX, Figure 1). Damp habitats, river valleys, irrigation ditches, and sometimes as a weed at roadsides and in fields. — European part: Crim.; Caucasus: W., S., and BE. Branse:; Lal.s°Cente.*Asiay Win, “furckm:>) Amu Dy Sy ceils, fone we Gen. ‘distr: “Atl: Burt; Med...) Bale As: “Ming; Arm. Kurd =) igan; inde. Eine Introduced in North America and Australia. Described from the Medi- terranean area. Type in London. Note. In Abkhazia there occurs a plant which should perhaps be separated as a distinct variety. Ruprecht has labeled it R.abchasicus Rupr. (non Freyn); it is distinguished from the type by radical leaves, tripartite almost to base, by the petiolate middle segment, by more rigid pubescence, by smaller fruitlets,etc. A detailed study of the copious material is required. 116. R.trachycarpus Fisch. et Mey., Ind. sem. Horti Petrop. III (1836) 46; Ledb.; Flo Toss.“ 46; 'N. Busch invb ls cave cerita iis: peas R.. lomatocarpwus var, trachyecarpius! Trautv) im Ay Bee an ieee (1881) 403.—R.lomatocarpus C.Koch in Linnaea XV (1841) 249, non Bisehs et Meyi— xs, Soh Vcaue: exs. aNo Ys. Perennial, 16-—30cm high; stems erect, glabrous or with scattered more or less spreading ciliate hairs appressed in distal part; radical leaves more or less long-petioled, orbicular or subreniform-rounded in outline, with broad rounded teeth, trilobate or tripartite, the middle segment some- times broad-petioled, other segments more or less deeply trifid and rounded- dentate; lower cauline leaves petiolate, similar to the radical, upper leaves sessile, tripartite, with lanceolate oblong lobes, all cauline leaves with ciliate sheaths; flowers 0.8—1.8cm in diameter; petals obovate-elliptic, to 8mm long, somewhat longer than sepals; fruitlets 3-—5mm long, more or less broadly rounded-obovoid, laterally flattened, with a narrow greenish bisulcate border, laterally punctate and covered with tubercles, rarely smooth, the beak lanceolate, one-third the length of the ripe ovary, more or less straight, acuminate, with unilateral decurrent border continuous with border of the fruitlet, sometimes curved distally; fruiting head loose, globose; receptacle ciliate-hairy. April-May. (Plate XXX, Figure 3). Damp and boggy habitats. — European part: Crim.; Caucasus: Dag., W552, and! i franse.; Mal.’ Gen distris) Med.) Balla Ass Minty. Adena Kurd., Iran. Described from Transcaucasia (Georgia). Type in Leningrad. 117. R.lomatocarpus Fisch. et Mey. in Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. I (1835) 36; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 46; N. Busch in Fl. cauc. crit. III, 3, 140.— R.tuberculatus C.A.M., Verz. Pflz. Cauc. (1831) 202 (non Kit. nec DIG. Je Annual, 20—40cm high, with scattered more or less spreading hairs or glabrate; radical leaves long-petioled, initially undivided, with large rounded teeth, subsequently becoming tripartite or biternately divided, ovate in outline, the segments petiolate, rarely sessile, the middle segment with longer petiole, unequally tripartite almost to base, with 3—5-lobulate-dentate lobes or else incised-dentate, the lateral segments sometimes petiolate, 366 unequally tripartite or dissected into lobate-dentate lobes; cauline leaves petiolate, uppermost leaves sessile, tripartite or trisected into cuneate segments, sometimes deeply dissected almost to base, their lobes lanceolate- oblong or trisected and incised-lobate; flowers 1.5—2cm in diameter; sepals recurved, slightly hairy, 5-7mm long; petals obovate, rounded, 7-11 mm long; fruiting head rounded-oval, loose, with 13—15 fruitlets; fruitlets 4—6mm long flattened, rounded-obovoid, with broad winglike border and smooth nonsulcate border, laterally tuberculate-villous or glabrate (var. lejocarpus Boiss.), the beak straight or slightly curved, 1-1.2mm long, broad proximally, acuminate, lanceolate. April—May. (Plate XXX, Figure 4). Damp places.— Caucasus: S.Transc.? E.Transc., Tal. Gen. distr.: E.Med., Bal.-Az. Min., Arm.LKurd., Iran. Described from the Caucasus. Type in Leningrad. 118. R.arvensis L., Sp. pl. (1753) 555; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I,-46; N. Busch ineioMeaviCh Crit. Lilo 5., 4.5 0.— le... Rehb., fe. El. iGerm, £,4614.— Exs.: Fl. cauc. exs. No.260; Hayek, Fl. stiriaca exs. (1905) No. 216. Annual; roots slender, fascicular; stems erect, repeatedly more or less furcately branched, the fruiting peduncles convergent, glabrous, 12—25(30)cm high; lower leaves petiolate, entire, obovate or oblong-obovate, cuneate, mostly tridentate or trifid; other leaves ternately divided into cuneate- lanceolate or lanceolate segments, more or less deeply tridentate or entire; peduncles slender, weak and curved, straight and erect in fruit with scattered appressed slender white hairs; flowers light yellow, 8—10(12)mm in diameter; sepals divergent, hairy, yellowish-greenish, somewhat shorter than petals; petals 4—6mm long, oblong-obovate, with very prominent veins; fruitlets stellately divaricate, few (mostly 4—6), large, 5mm long (excluding beak), 3.5mm broad, obovoid, both sides flat, with long prickly excrescences along their border, rarely tuberculate (var. tuberculatus Somm. et Lev.), the beak 3—5mm long, straight or somewhat curved, subulate-acuminate, compressed. May—June. Dry slopes, sandy-argillaceous riverbanks, loess foothills, and sometimes as a weed in fields. — European part: M.Dnp., Bl., Crim.; Caucasus: all regions; Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm., AmuD., Syr.D., Pam.-Al. Gen.: distr.: Centr. and S. Eur., Med., Bal.-As. Min., Arm.-Kurd., Iran, Ind.- Him. Described from Europe. Type in London. 479 Subgenus 7. RANUNCULASTRUM (DC.) Spach, Hist. Veg. VII (1839) 217.— Sect. Ranunculastrum DC., Prodr. 1(1824) 27.— Sect. Butyranthus Subsect. Ranunculastrum Prantl in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. IX (1888) 267, 200) €j).cingenel: ws Prantl, Pflzim. ill, 2,)65.— Characters in,the key. 1. Sepals reflexed; fruitlets firmly adhering to receptacle, with a small basal, prixmally attenuate, free appendage not winged.......... 2. + Sepals spreading or divergent; mature fruitlets readily deciduous, witheulbasalnappendages,; mostly winged)... \i.55 eas w nk Seu ese 6. 2. Fruitlets firmly concrescent with receptacle, the beak apical, long, corniformly curved, retrorse, 2.5 times as long as the ripe ovary *120. R.orientalis L. Ss) Joh pp dais hha te We Ae Medium om ol Palin hat te” eas Oph te de La) oa id la Me ol ie 367 AGO #2: ++ Fruitlets less firmly concrescent with receptacle, the beak straight, upright or hamate-tipped, as long as or shorter than the ripe ovary St hibit ont Rein SIU RORN Ce : cai GM UES OI aie A ee Rae SOUS a keh ean ge ee an Radical leaves ovate, tripartite to the middle or somewhat beyond, with broad rhombic obtusely lobate-incised and rounded-dentate Seoments® (pds erty a eeNeE Nr: tan eee meee 119. R.oxyspermus M.B. Radical leaves compound, repeatedly divided or else entire, some leaves sucise cred mntomamnceolare wloObeSs can. sien cir cen ene a et 4. Plants densely silvery-lanate; leaves long, entire or trisected into linear-lanceolate lobes; flowers large, to 2—3.5(4)cm in diameter; fruitlets without tubercles, sometimes punctate ...124. R.illyricus L. Plants 7-10cm high; only lowermost leaves broadly trilobate or tripartite, other leaves pinnatisect; stems with spreading hairs; fruitinie head oval are sacks ee tees eens es eet 123. Reagert Bert. Plants larger; stems covered with appressed or drooping hairs; all leaves pinnately or repeatedly divided; fruiting head more or less eylindrie. omvoiveall ho RS ay hietaas Cer. eats ce Hetty Miter @ Niemen sets ee 3. Stems covered with semiappressed erect hairs; segments of radical leaves divided into obovate cuneate obtusely dentate-incised lobes; fruitlets 4—4.3mm long, with a wide rigid border, especially developed slang the back Aisiatt: 4: Roane ia ite ieee hoe 121. R.cicutarius Schlechtd. Stems covered with appressed, long drooping silky gray hairs; segments of radical leaves divided into 3 linear or narrow-lanceolate incised, sometimes entire lobes; fruitlets 3—3.5mm long, with iINCONSPlEMOUS MOREE League etsy et rel ee oe 122. R.pulsatillifolius Litw. Leaves simple, entire, dentate-incised, tripartite or 5-(rarely more)- PaAlmMiatipaninee Hy nM Sah eR ons, Ca Se, Siena ieee ee ils Leaves compound (i.e., segments of first, sometimes also of second and third orders, petiolate), ternate or pinnatipartite .......... 6. Leaves tripartite to the middle or beyond, with broad more or less ovate or rhombic segments, else entire, dentate-incised or lobate. . .8. Leaves deeply 3—7-palmatipartite, with narrow linear or lanceolate TOBES MG 22 AW hk REAL OMT ROM Ok 1s ere a aN Ties SENG! She AIR 15. Leaves elliptic or oblong-elliptic in outline, more or less cuneate, entire or coarsely dentate or trilobate-incised at the apex....... HO. Leaves more or less orbicular [in outline], never longer than broad, tripartite,orymore orwlesishentire ke 5.05 he Ws rile sane erie eee eee te Entire plant more or less densely covered with long silky hairs, 14—28cm high; fruitlets narrow-bordered, hairy,to 4mm long.... BOE Ek ach gM one ac tot Tc MIR SR 2: ime 125. R.paucidentatus Schrenk. Entire plant glabrous, sometimes stems slightly appressed-hairy; fruitlets more or less carinate, not bordered, glabrous, to 2mm long SENET ENS AORN NUP Sila ce Trike Ea aa REAR R,. Meshes 126. R.alajensis Ostenf. Fruitlets (and pistils) glabrous or glabrate. Small glabrous or slabrate: plants: oi Bl. 7A RAs BGI CRE ore: eee ee Are Fruitlets hairy or setose. Rather large plants, 10—45cm high, usually vmoretior Wess haimyJomghuspidil ai. 0) koe eeeeen ime cee ee ee 14, Fruitlets winged, flat, thin, glabrous or glabrate; petals obovate; roots thickened, short-oblong .... 129. R.mindshelkensis B. Fedtsch. Fruitlets laterally flattened, with an obscure border, glabrous or glabrate; petals oblong or obovate-oblong; roots elongated, cylindric 368 482 13: 14, 15. 18. 19. 20. Small plant, 5—10cm high; petals narrow, oblong; flowers 1—1.7cm in diameter; segments of ternately divided spreading small leaves, Wiha simal tecth Ho) POUUS2 Py bY Ge. 128. R.stenopetalus Ovcz. Plant 20—25cm high; petals oblong-obovate; flowers 2—3cm in diameter; leaves reniform-ovate [in outline], tripartite for two- thirds of their length, with broad approximate often dentate-incised Bee eties WORD poe State ee ee ORD oo BOL ESS 127. R.aureopetalus Kom. Leaves cordate-reniform or orbicular in outline, more or less coriaceous, glabrous or more or less hairy, cordately notched; stems covered with drooping or spreading-setose hairs; beak of fruitlets perulent. hamately curved dustally-s J) OPIS FASS MLO SG . Meee, Sew SS Ee SIA SS eae 130. R.afghanicus Aitch. et Hemsl. Leaves and petioles glabrous, leaves entire or somewhat incised- lobate or crenate, cuneate; stems glabrous from base; beak of fruptets curved from. base... 1... 2 6 «sey. 131. R.czimganicus Ovcz. Plant usually 10—20 cm high, with well developed simple or slightly branched stem bearing one to several flowers; fruitlets 2.5—3mm long, laterally flattened; radical leaves 4—6-palmatipartite, with linear-oblong or elongate-lanceolate, mostly entire or slightly incised cepa Oo PROSE GI IOD) LR OREY Ai) ZOLG & 132. R.pedatus Waldst. et Kit. Small high-mountain plant, 3—10cm high, with aphyllous simple 1-flowered stems, mostly with numerous adventive plants growing from small tubers at base; leaves 5—6 or more times divided into linear lanceolate lobes; fruitlets to 1—1.2mm long,more or less CMO © Bim Re Ke 6 So ee 133. R.turkestanicus Franch. Hacrecbieaves J-—2=apinnatipartiite 0.9.) (6 2i6Ne el) AOS ie... e iy Radical leaves 1—3 times tripartite or else tripartite with pinnatisect RR ARRAS. x ihe hci eee te Kew STS BS Oe ole pee Gy ey oS eo. Stems with spreading hairs; fruiting head cylindric or ovoid-cylindric; fruitlets winged, initially with isolated obscure hairs, subsequently glabrous, the beak about as long as the ripe ovary; leaves Lripinnatiseer Ve F148, SOURS AAR & lke 134. R.komarovii Freyn. Stems appressed-hairy; fruitlets uniformly short-pubescent or glabrous or with appressed ciliate hairs confined to the back; fruiting head Byvel-e la psom- or cylindric s C16 Ouse Wisi yekd Hee. iG. Fruitlets to 2.5mm long, uniformly pubescent; lobes of leaf segments shorter; fruiting head cylindric ....... 137. R.pinnatisectus M. Pop. Fruitlets glabrous, with scattered cilia confined to the edge — especially the dorsal edge — to 6mm long; lobes of leaf segments longer, linear or linear-lanceolate; fruiting head more or less ovoid aPErs Desens os 1h lO Sm Ak. lt LO. Ste Re 136. R.walteri Rgl. Beak of fruitlets obscure, 0.2—0.4mm long, hamate from base; sepals, sometimes also petals, deformed, usually persistent in fruit ..... Aj EE SOR Ee ee eee ee 144, R.platyspermus Fisch. Beak of fruitlets much longer, straight, curved only distally or from the middle; sepals and petals not persistent in fruit ......... 20. Segments of ternately divided radical leaves wide, rhombic, with incised-dentate margins; fruiting head cylindric or ovoid-cylindric 2 RecN O ste Les Oa POL 0. PLE aoe ee oe 135. R.dilatutus Ovcz. 369 + Segments of radical leaves narrow, lanceolate, cuneate or linear or repeatedly idivadedunto linear Jobes,) 3... ase ae Se eee eee 7 21. Sections of tripartite radical and cauline leaves petiolate, repeatedly pinnatisect, with linear-lanceolate lobules; cauline and radical leaves similar in shape; petals oblong-obovate, with a claw; fruitlets small, slightly convex, hairy, finely alveolate. . .139. R.tenuilobus Rgl. + Leaves 1—3 times tripartite, rarely segments of first order entire Ora Infelseayasioimes ee eee ey oy i nt bees oo cena: Gea eee 22. 22. Radical leaves tripartite, with entire narrow-lanceolate or narrowly 2—3-partite more or less broadly cuneate segments, the lateral seoments short-petioled| or subsessile ie. 4 4) scp a ee 23. + Radical leaves 2—3 times deeply tripartite, with narrower smaller lobe's’\..3 4 ie ec ee eee) Sed GPG eer et ie ae 25, 23. Stems appressed-hairy; leaf segments or their lobes narrow-linear; iruikine head ovale ismialilies -) iy iy ke Sway eset 138. R.linearilobus Bge. ate Stems with spreading hairs; leaf segments or their lobes lanceolate, wider; fruiting head oval-globose or oval-elongated .......... 24, 433 24. Fruitlets glabrous; leaf segments elongate, oblong—lanceolate, entire oridivided, oftensinedsedie 4s telap ata aeons ae 140. R.severzovii Rel. + Fruitlets with long hairs along the edges; leaves broad-ovate in outline, their segments lanceolate, mostly trilobate or tripartite, withentEeeror dentate-incised lobes. ose) o ire Eitan ae een ee a see Re ee cree ues Aes bok Uae, cs 141. R.leptorrhynchus Aitch. et Hemsl. 25: gibnuitlets: (andipistile hainys iis eet oikeea eee 26. + Bruitietse(and pistils) glabrous, ....0.. . .s. J). Senne 28. 26. Segments of ternately divided leaves subsessile, cuneate-ovate in outline; thickened roots elliptic or elongate selliptic; «| ..2 {het = he EPRI eet oop ae? hagech in yc REPRO Sue eae: hae Pk a aaa 143. R.elbrusensis Boiss. + Segments of ternately divided leaves long-petioled, especially the middle segment deeply and: compoundly divided ....2..45.....- 27. 27. Receptacle short-hairy; fruitlets to 5mm long, with a long 2—2.5mm beak; stems strongly branched, branches spreading........... Chiiete Sache tees wha bas eobt hoe’ (peep age *R.aucheri Boiss.* ct: Receptacle glabrous; fruitlets to 3mm long, beak short, 1—2mm; stems slightly branched, with erect or obliquely ascending branches HORST Rie Tete ae NPS Sieeebe tee ie Det ee ie eyed reps 142. R.alpigenus Kom. 28. Stems with spreading hairs; radical leaves tripartite, with ternately dissectedisegments}nisepalsorecurveds Ais |x codeine tie eestistnne, Leg a oiled, f cttw (area ne el ace care 145. R.meinshauseni Schrenk. + Stems with upright appressed hairs; radical leaves 2—3 times tri- partite, with segments of the first and often of the second order petiolatess sepalsidivercino ys. (tn. ho sesesk 146. R.regelianus Ovcz. Section 1. XIPHOCOMA (Stev.) Ovez.— Xiphocoma Stev. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXV (1852) 537, pro gen. — Fruitlets not flattened, thickish, with one dorsal vein at the apex, as if drawn out into a more or less elongated, strong hamate-tipped or corniformly curved beak, usually their edge strongly concrescent with the receptacle, with a free proximally attenuate, or more * This species, described from southern Iran, does not occur in the USSR, where it is replaced by the closely related R.alpigenus Kom. and R.elbrusensis Boiss. 370 or less brcad rounded dorsal basal appanedage not winged or slightly winged. 119. R.oxyspermus M.B. in Willd., Sp. pl. I1 (1799) 1328; Fl. taur.- Coucu lee icwtll, sot; Ldb.,, fl. Ress, 1, 29; Shmal'g.,. Fl. I, 19;° Busch mH), eave. TN; 3; 179:— Rh. canstantopelitanws var. palaecetinus O;Kize. iA.H.P. X, 145, rion. Urv.= Ic:: Bertol., Miscell. II, tab.I, f.2 (sub R.mucronato). Exs.: Herb. Fl. cauc. No.121. Perennial, 20—36cm high, with rather profuse drooping spreading white hairs; roots tuberously thickened, elongated; stems profusely branched, many-flowered; radical leaves petiolate, ovate, cuneate or rounded, rarely subcordate, tripartite to the middle or somewhat beyond, with broad- rhombic lobate-incised and rounded-dentate segments; flowers 2—3cm in diameter; sepals yellowish-greenish, recurved, hairy, 6—8mm long; petals oblong-elliptic or obovate, 9-15mm long; fruiting head compact, oblong; fruitlets 3—3.5mm long, angular-ovoid, finely tuberculate laterally, often with scattered hairs; beak erect, straight, acuminate, somewhat shorter than the ripe ovary. April—June. Steppes, dry meadows, river valleys, and sometimes as a weed in fields and at roadsides.— European Part: V.-Don, Transv., Bl., Crim., L. Don, L.V.; Caucasus: all regions, but in W. Transc. confined to NW part; Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur. (Dobruja), Bal.-As. Min., Arm.-Kurd., Iran. Described from the Crimea. Type in Leningrad. 484 ¥120.. R.orientalis L., Sp; pl: (1753) 781; Boiss4 “Fl. Or.‘ I, 27; NN Busch ig Fl, .cauc.. crit. lL. 3, 162.>— Xiphoconmia’ drientalis Stev. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXV (1852) 538.— X. atropatana Stev., l.c., ete Lee Stey.,(1.€., tab.Vil, f.1. Perennial, 10—14cm high, with solitary stems and a bundle of tuberously thickened cylindric roots; stems often almost furcately branched distally, with diverging straight peduncles, few-flowered, with appressed or semi- appressed erect hairs; radical leaves with more or less long appressed- hairy petioles, the blade more or less ovate, with appressed-ciliate hairs, compound, more or less bipinnatipartite, the segments mostly petiolate, the upper segments very distant from the lower pair and less divided, almost pinnatipartite or ternately divided into short-oblong or oblong-elliptic subentire or dentate-incised lobes; cauline leaves sessile or short-petioled, once or twice tripartite, with narrow linear or linear-lanceolate elongate lobes; fruiting peduncles more or less sulcate; flowers 1.7—-1.8cm in diameter; sepals 5, recurved, ovate, hairy beneath; petals 5, oblong or oblong-subovate, longer than sepals; receptacle glabrous, cylindric, anthers more or less flat, elongated, somewhat shorter than the filaments; fruiting head with fruitlets firmly adherent over entire length of their base, strong, corniform, 5—6mm long, their base broadened and more or less irregularly triangular-rounded, laterally flattened with small tubercles at the sides and with a short free dorsal basal appendage, the beak corniformly curved, retrorse, hamately curved distally, 2.5 times as long as the ripe ovary. April—May. This species has been collected in the parts of Turkish Armenia and Iran bordering on the USSR, and it is highly probable that it occurs in the 487 371 (485) rN ff i \ TOR WARA Wa PLATE XXXI. 1—Ranunculus stenopetalus Ovez.; 2—R.mindshelkensis B.Fedtsch.; 3 — R.afghanicus Aitch. et Hemsl.; 4—R.turkestanicus Franch; 5—R.alpigenus Kom.; OS R.elbrusensis Boiss. 372 488 USSR as well. The reports of its occurrence on the eastern shore of the Caspian Sea is erroneous. Gen. distr.: Arm.-Kurd., Bal.-As. Min., Med. (N. Afr.), Iran. Described from Europe. Type in London. Note. In the part of Iran adjacent to the USSR, near Urmia in Azer- baijan, there occurs a closely related species — R.dasycarpus Boiss. (Boiss., Fl. Or. I, 1867,38; Xiphocoma dasycarpa Stev. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1852, II, 539, tab. VII, f.3), distinguished by hairy fruitlets with a shorter and less curved beak and by narrower leaf lobes. 121. R.cicutarius Schlechtd., Animadv (1819) 25; N. Busch in Fl. cauc. ert. is3; 181 .— RR. orientalis CyAWM:; Vernz: Pflz.-Cauc:. .201; Eedb.; “Ri. Rossitl;, 297, noni L;— R..daucifolius Stev. in Bull.. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXI (1848) 270; XXV (1852) 543.—Ic.: Schlechtd., l.c., tab. IV, Pagueney.; 1.e.,-tab. Vil, £.8. Perennial, 15—38(40)cm high; roots in the form of a bundle of tuberous oblong-ovoid thickenings; stems solitary, distally with profuse spreading - branches, mostly many-flowered, densely covered with semiappressed grayish white silky hairs directed upward; radical leaves more or less long-petioled, the blade more or less oblong-ovate, pinnately compoundly divided into more or less petiolate pinnatipartite, more often ternately divided segments with cuneate-obovate, obtusely dentate-incised lobes; upper cauline leaves — especially the lower ones — more or less petiolate or sessile, more deeply pinnately or ternately divided (the middle segment often long-petioled) into pinnatipartite segments with oblong obtusely dentate-incised lobes; peduncles rounded, scarcely sulcate, thickening in fruit, straight, divaricately pointing upward; flowers 1.6—2.1 cm in diameter; sepals 5, oblong-elliptic, retrorse, with silky hairs; petals obovate, cuneate; receptacle glabrous; fruiting head oblong-oval, compact, with numerous fruitlets; fruitlets 4—4.3mm long, rigid, firmly adhering to the receptacle for a very small part of their length, long-persistent, flattened, glabrous, punctate-alveolate laterally, more or less ovoid-triangular in outline, the beak ensiform, more or less triquetrous, as long as or very slightly shorter than the ripe ovary, sometimes with short basal cilia, straight or somewhat curved,proximally broadened with a slender hamate-curved tip. April—May. Meadows.— Caucasus: Deg., E.Transc., Tal. Gen. distr.: Iran. Type in Berlin. Note. The classical habitat of this species is unknown. Schlechtendal, its author, cited Dr. Merck's specimens, which are in Pallas' herbarium — included in Willdenow's Herbarium — collected in East Siberia; this is surely an error. 122. R.pulsatillifolius Litw. in Tr. Bot. Muz. Akad. Nauk I (1902) 25. Perennial, 14—35(38)cm high, with soft appressed and drooping silky white hairs; roots in a compact bundle developed as thickened oblong "tubers''; stems solitary, erect, distally branched, with several to many flowers, peduncles erect, diverging in fruit; radical leaves long-petioled, initially grayish due to silky white hairs, subsequently greenish, the blade ovate or oblong-ovate in outline, compoundly pinnatipartite, their segments opposite or alternate, deeply pinnately or palmately divided into 3—5 linear or narrow-lanceolate entire, more often incised acute lobes, the median 373 489 lobe mostly deeply palmately tripartite, with distant lobules; upper leaves sessile or subsessile, their segments deeply divided into longer linear lobes; peduncles slightly sulcate (conspicuously so in fruit), elongated, slender; flowers 12—14mm in diameter; sepals 5,more or less ovate, sericeous, fimbriate, retrorse; petals 5, obovate or more or less oblong- obovate, cuneate; receptacle cylindric, glabrous; fruiting head ovoid- oblong or subcylindric; fruitlets (not quite ripe) 3-3.3mm long, flattened, finely alveolate-punctate, glabrous, concrescent with receptacle for a very short part of their broadened base, long-persistent, the beak erect, straight or slightly curved, about as long as or shorter than the ripe ovary, some- times with a somewhat hamate tip. April-May. Foothills. — Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. (Kopet Dagh). Endemic. Described from Turkmenia. Type in Leningrad. 123. R.ageri Bertol., Opusc. 3 (1819) 182; Boiss., Suppl., 6.—R.gra- eiliis): Mdbi, “Fl. Ross, 283s non DC. eReapiel open nies) ra culsyeSansem Diagn. Ser. 1, 1(1842) 63.—R.peloponnesiacus var. granulatus Boiss., Fl. Or. 1(1867) 29.—R.ageri Bertol. var. granulata N..Busch in Fl. ecauc.-crit. Tl, 3, 176; Grossei Fl Wavk IL, “Wise aies: Bertol. III (1819) tab. 6. Perennial, 7—10cm high; roots thickened, ovoid; stems low, 1 or 2- flowered, slender, somewhat ascending, proximally with long spreading hairs; leaves ovate, pinnatipartite into segments, these in turn deeply incised into obtusely dentate-lobulate lobes; sepals recurved, with scattered hairs; petals obovate, to 14mm long, to 9mm wide; anthers large, to 5mm long; fruitlets crowded in a compact ovoid head, the terminal beak almost recurved, shorter than the ripe ovary. April. Dry places.— Caucasus: E. and S.Transc. Gen. distr.: Bal.-As. Min., Med. Described from Italy. Note. Boissier cites for the Caucasus not the typical R.ageri buta distinct variety, var. granulatus Boiss. with pinnatipartite leaves and smaller fruitlets and flowers. As we have only one specimen of this plant at our disposal, the question of the status of this form remains unanswered, as was earlier noted by N.A. Bush (l.c.). 124. Reillyricus L.. Sp. pl. (1753) 752, 7765 Ldb., Fly Ross. Iaraee Boiss.) Bl Or. 1/29; oSchniall aie HU.o1, 1 9s Ne Buschein el aseaucwsrerrn Ill, ssh) 7. = les! Jacquin. Ply) aust )lin(t775) tabe222- Rebbe sleama Germ. f. 4587.— Exs.: Fl. exs. austro-hungar. No.1712; Fl. Hung. exs. Mus. Budap. II, 110 No.170. Perennial, 18—45cm high, tomentose sericeous, sometimes with sub- terranean shoots terminating in a bundle of tuberous roots; thickened roots ovoid-oblong; stem erect, simple or branched, few-flowered; leaves trisected into linear or lanceolate elongate entire or incised-partite lanceolate segments, with short lobes; the very first radical leaves entire, lanceolate or lance-ovate; upper cauline leaves sessile, dissected into entire linear-lanceolate segments; flowers 2—3.5cm in diameter, rarely larger; sepals white-tomentose on the outside, recurved; petals broad- obovate, pale yellow, 12—17mm long; fruitlets crowded in a compact oblong head, glabrous or slightly hairy, laterally flattened, irregularly rhombic- ovoid, punctate, the beak short, erect, straight, with somewhat hamate tip. April—June. 374 90 Chernozem and gravelly steppes, sandy soil on dry hills and herbaceous slopes, sometimes in fields, and occasionally in broadleaf groves and steppe oak forests.— European part: U. V. (introduced in the Moscow area), Dieting? We. Dap. V2; Don, Transv.;) Bl.;Crim.,..lL.Don, L.V.: Caucasus: Cisc., Dag., W.Transc. (Novorossiisk area), E. and SelrRaAncer, cubase Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur., Med., Bal.-As. Min., Arm.-Kurd. Described from Europe. Type in London. Section 2. PTEROCARPA Ovcz.-— Fruitlets mostly quite flat, mostly broad-winged or else with more or less developed border, slightly con- crescent with receptacle, readily deciduous when mature. Most species with creeping short shoots. 125. R.paucidentatus Schrenk in Bull. phys.-math. Acad. Petersb. III (1845) S098 Grauiv. yin Bull. Sec. Nat... Mose. SoOGXIII, 1, 67: Koms in’ Tr SPb. Obshch. Estestv. XXVI, 66; O. and B.Fedch., Ranunc., Turk., str. 47.— Exs.- H. F.A.M. No.146. Perennial, 14—28cm high; roots thickened-fusiform; stems branched distally with remote upright branches rarely simple, covered with slender spreading silky white hairs; radical leaves elongate-oblong or oblong- elliptic [in outline], mostly tridentate at the apex, the short broad petiole passing into a scarious whitish sheath, densely sericeous, with the exception of the slightly pubescent upper surface; cauline leaves oblong-lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, entire, apically 2—3-toothed, hairy, sessile, somewhat amplexicaul; peduncles elongated, erect or declinate, more or less sulcate, hairy, the hairs with a torulose basal swelling; flowers 13—14(25)mm in diameter, yellowish-greenish; sepals more or less appressed, more or less narrow-ovate, hairy, with whitish scarious border, shorter than petals; petals obovate-elliptic; receptacle glabrous; fruitlets numerous, in an oblong-ellipsoid head, to 4mm long, flattened, orbicular, with a winged border, the beak broadened proximally, straight with a hamately curved tip. May— June. Herbaceous steppe slopes, forest and subalpine zone, to 1,800—3,000m. — W.Siberia: Irt. (mountainous SW part); Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb., T. Sh., Pam.-Al. Endemic. Described from the Aktau Mountains. Type in Leningrad. 126. R.alajensis Ostenf. in Vidensk. Medd. f. naturh. Foren. Kbhvn. 7 (1901) 314.—R.flexicaulis Kom. in Tr. SPb. Obshch. Estestv. XXVI (1896) 55, non Rouy et Foucaud (1893).— Oxygraphis glacialis var. peatapetaius Rel. in herb.— Ic.:, Ostenfig lic. op. 315, -f31. Perennial, small, 3—10cm high; thickened roots elongated, cylindric; stems solitary or 2—5, weak, slender, ascending, simple, rarely 1 or 2- branched, glabrous or slightly appressed-hairy distally, 1—3-flowered, with 1 or 2 leaves; radical leaves numerous, short-petioled, glabrous, somewhat fleshy, broadened into a long scarious-bordered sheath, the blade elliptic or oblong-elliptic and apically broadened or almost ovate-elliptic, cuneate, entire or apically coarsely tridentate or trilobate-incised, the middle lobe mostly longer and entire, the lateral lobes entire or slightly dentate, rarely the blade trifid almost to the middle (var. pamiricus 375 491 492 Ovcz.); cauline leaves sessile or short-petioled, ovate or lanceolate, entire or incised or tridentate; peduncles glabrous, rarely with scattered short pubescence; flowers single, golden yellow, 1.8—2.4cm in diameter; sepals 5, yellowish green, oblong-ovate or oblong, glabrous; petals 5—10, oblong- or oblong-obovate, sometimes more or less emarginate, shiny yellow, often turning green when dry, 1.5—2.5 times as long as sepals, tapering proxi- mally; receptacle glabrous; fruiting head subglobose; fruitlets flattened oblong-obovoid, 1.7—2mm long, the beak dorsal, to 0.7mm long, slender, inclined to the side, its hamate tip often turning black. June—July. Damp alpine meadows, banks of rivulets, and beside springs in the alpine zone, at 2,700—4,100m.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al., T. Sh. Endemic. Described from the Alai Range. Type in Copenhagen. Note. Pamir-Shugnan plants are distinguished by the great variability of their leaves and by the less rounded blades; further collections and observations may perhaps lead to their recognition as a distinct species. 127. R.aureopetalus Kom. in Tr. SPb. Obshch. Estestv. XXVI (1896) 559" ©. Ay and BVAYredchs, Consp. ills Gurls yvar Perennial, 10—25cm high; thickened roots elongate-cylindric; stems solitary or numerous, glabrous, simple, with one to many flowers; radical leaves cordate-reniform [in outline], long-petioled, glabrous, 3—5-partite for two-thirds of their length, with broad-obovate coarsely incised-dentate lobes; cauline leaves sessile, almost amplexicaul, 3—5-palmatipartite, with oblong-obovate, more often linear-lanceolate entire or (in lower leaves) dentate-incised lobes; peduncles one or several, with semiappressed or somewhat spreading slender white hairs; flowers often in corymbose inflorescence or single, golden, to 2—3cm in diameter; sepals brownish, glabrous, 9-10mm long; fruiting head oblong-ovoid, to 12—18mm long; receptacle glabrous, oblong-ellipsoid; fruitlets 2.5—3mm long, obovoid, laterally flattened, with a delicate narrow scarious border, the beak short, to 0.3mm hamately involute, turning black. June. Meadows and scrub in the subalpine zone of mountains. — Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. Endemic. Described from the Kumar Gorge, in the basin of the mountain part of the Zeravshan River. Type in Leningrad. 128. R.stenopetalus Ovcz., sp. nova in Addenda VI, p.575. Perennial, small, to 5—-8cm high, forming small mats, with 1 or 2 simple, rarely slightly branched 1—3-flowered stems; roots in a small compact bundle, thickened, oblong-cylindric, often nodose, entangled with slender root fibers; stems slender, weak, glabrous from base or covered with spreading tangled short hairs, aphyllous or with 1 or 2 small sessile leaf- lets at base of peduncles; radical leaves slender-petioled, glabrous, the blade 6—9mm long, 10—13mm wide, tripartite for three-fourths or four- fifths of its length or almost to base, with more or less obovate cuneate segments, the middle segment narrower than the lateral, trilobate-incised or trilobate-dentate, the lateral segments remote, unequally trilobate- incised, the lobes short, orbicular, sometimes with 1—2 small obtuse teeth at the apex; cauline leaves sessile, 2—3-partite almost to base, with lobate or linear entire lobes or the uppermost leaves quite entire; peduncles covered with short down; flowers 1—1.7cm in diameter, golden yellow, 376 493 with 5—6 lobes; sepals yellowish- greenish, ovate, fimbriate, glabrous, 5—7mm long,more or less acuminate; petals oblong, tapering proximally or narrow-oblong, 0.8—1.1cm long, mostly directed somewhat upward; receptacle glabrous; fruitlets (immature) flattened, smooth, glabrous, with obscure narrow almost scarious border, 2—2.3mm long, mostly obovoid, the beak short, to 0.5—0.6mm with hamate tip. June. (Plate XXXI, Figure 1). Alpine grass plots near thawing snow.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. Endemic. Described from the Fergana Range (Peshkaut Pass). Type in Leningrad. 129. R.mindshelkensis B. Fedtsch., Rast. Turk. (1915) 416; Popov in Sched. Herb. Fl. As. Med. VI (1925) 10.— Exs.: H. F.A.M. No.144. Perennial, glabrous, 5—6cm, rarely to 15—25cm high (in subalpine zone); roots in a compact bundle, thickened, short-oblong, cylindric, 1.5—3cm long, slender, long, fiberlike; radical leaves more or less coriaceous, glabrous, with more or less long petioles, with a short whitish sheath, the leaf blade broadly rounded, reniform-rounded in outline, cordate, deeply tripartite, with incised and incised-dentate segments; cauline leaves mostly simple, tripartite with broad-linear long entire, rarely apically 5-toothed lobes, the uppermost leaves entire, once or twice divided; stem low, 4—8cm high, ascending, usually 3- or 1-flowered, glabrous, rarely with obscure scattered hairs, usually shorter than peduncles; flowers 10—15mm in diameter; sepals more or less divergent, ovate, 5—6mm long, glabrous, yellowish green or brownish green, with whitish or dark brown-lilac margin, two- thirds the length of the petals; petals golden, oblong-obovate, 8-10mm long; fruiting head ovoid; receptacle narrowly cylindric, slender, glabrous; fruitlets strongly flattened, glabrous or glabrate, the beak short, 3-4mm, with hamate-curved tip. (Plate XXXI, Figure 2). Argillaceous and gravelly slopes in the subalpine and alpine zones. — Centr. Asia: T. Sh., Pam.-Al. (Mt. Kugitang). Endemic. Described from the Kara-Tau Range. Type in Leningrad. 130. R.afghanicus Aitch. et Hemsley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XIX (1882) 148.—R.divergens Aitch. in Journ. Linn. Soc. XVIII (1881) 30, non Jord.— R.olgae Rgl. in Izv. Obshch. lyubit. estestv., antrop. i etnogr. RUA £2 11 S82)4. : Perennial, 10—30cm high; roots in a bundle of numereus slender thickened cylindric fusiform fibers; stems simple or 1—3-branched in upper part, l-or 2-flowered, covered with numerous more or less drooping hairs, rarely glabrate (f. glabrescens Ovcz.); radical leaves cordate- reniform or orbicular in outline, long-petioled, glabrous or with more or less sparsely hairy ciliate margins, 3—5-partite for one-third or half of their length, their lobes irregularly obovate, distally broadened, coarsely dentate at the upper margin, sometimes lobulate, coriaceous, often callously thickened at the margin, the petioles hairy or glabrous (f. glabrescens Ovcz.); cauline leaves tripartite, with oblong-linear entire, somewhat ciliate-margined lobes; flowers 20—26mm in diameter; sepals 5, elliptic, with drooping hairs, half as long as petals, striate, obtuse, divergent; petals 5, rounded-obovate, golden or yellow; fruiting head ovoid; fruitlets rounded- elliptic or orbicular, 3.5—4mm long, hairy, flattened, slightly bordered Sil 494 laterally with obscure transverse veins, the straight beak proximally broadened, hamately involute distally, with tip often turning blackish. May— July. (Plate XXXI, Figure 3). Steppe slopes, patches of thawing snow in the subalpine and alpine zones at 1,800—3,000m.— Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm., Pam. Al., T. Sh. Gen. distr.: Afghanistan. Described from Afghanistan. Type in London. 131. R.czimganious Ovcz., sp. nova in Addenda VI, p.576. Perennial, to 40—45cm high; stems branched, many-flowered, with scattered semiappressed hairs or glabrous from base; radical leaves more or less coriaceous, glabrous, reniform-rounded, lin outline] cuneate, broadly lobate-incised, crenate-dentate; cauline leaves sessile, tripartite to base, with entire or incised oblong-lanceolate lobes; peduncles sulcate; fruitlets in a compact globose head, with scattered hairs, the beak long, recurved from base, distally hamate and acute. April—May. Centr. Asia: Western Tien Shan. Endemic. Described from Chimgan. Type in Leningrad. 132. R.pedatus Waldst. et Kit., Descr. et icon. pl. rar. Hung. Il (1805) 112: sludbt,* PIL Ross 12°29; (Schmial's)) HIl- 1°12 kheyle, 2apeeeemns 1183) leks We et Ke 1 es tabi 108! = Exs:: (Fl) caucy €xs: Novs0w, san. Hungar. exsic. No. 662. Perennial, (6)12—25(32)cm high, with thickened tuberous oblong or oblong-cylindric roots; stems simple or slightly branched, with one to several flowers, covered with scattered appressed slender hairs or glabrate; radical leaves long-petioled, glabrous or slightly pubescent, the lowermost leaves trilobate, all other leaves palmately 3—5-partite, with linear-oblong or linear entire, rarely very slightly dentate lobes; cauline leaves small, entire or tripartite with entire lobes; flowers 15—25mm in diameter; sepals more or less ovate, slightly hairy or glabrate, divergent, yellowish- greenish, 4—6mm long; petals usually 5, obovate, 8—-12mm long; receptacle glabrous, oblong; fruitlets tightly clustered in an oval head, 2.5—-3mm long, flattened, more or less ovoid-rounded, slender, glabrous, narrow-bordered, the beak short, straight, with a curved tip. Dry herbaceous slopes in the north, steppes and steppe depressions, rarely in meadows and among shrubs, mainly in the steppe and forest- steppe zone.— European part: M.Dnp., V.-Don, Transv., Bl., Crim., LYDen, LV “Urals? Caucasus: Cise.) "Wi Siberia: Us Loo Watere wes Centr. Asia: Balkh. (E.), Dzu.-Tarb., T. Sh. Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur., Bal. (N.). Described from Hungary. Type in Budapest. 133. R.turkestanicus Franch. in Ann. Sc. Natur. XV (1883) 217; Kom. in En. SPbp.Obsheh. Eistestv.. OSV 537 Fedtch:; (Consp. Hin unk ons. lev? Branch:) Ives) tabi: Perennial, 3—10cm high, mostly with one, rarely with 2 erect aphyllous glabrous or hairy (var. lanuginosus Franch.) stems, with numerous adventitious shoots arising from basal tubercles; roots in a more or less compact bundle of long cordlike and short, tuberously thickened fibrous roots, entangled with slender fibers; radical leaves small, petiolate, glabrous, mostly rounded-ovate in outline, divided 5—6 or more times into 378 495) PLATE XXXII. Ranunculus leptorhynchus Aitch. et Hemsl.; 2—R.pinnatisectus M.Pop.; 3 —R.linearilobus Bge. 379 497 498 linear or lanceolate subacute apically entire or coarsely incised lobes; sepals semiappressed or recurved, glabrous, elliptic, acuminate, 4-—5mm long, greenish; petals obovate or oblong-obovate, 8-12mm long; receptacle oblong-cylindric, acuminate, glabrous; fruiting head ovoid-ellipsoid or oblong-ellipsoid, compact, with numerous fruitlets; fruitlets small (1- 1.2mm long), oblong-elliptic, slightly convex, greenish, glabrous, the short blackish beak displaced toward the back, hamately curved from base. June—August. (Plate XXI, Figure 4). Alpine shortgrass meadows, patches of thawing snow, damp herbaceous slopes in the alpine, rarely also in groups in the subalpine zone, at 2,600—3,500m. Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. (from the Turkestan and Zeravshan ranges in the north to Darvaz, inclusive; occasionally in Shugnan). Endemic. Described from the upper reaches of the Yagnob Rivec w= Lype in) Parise 134. R.komarovii Freyn in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2 sér. (1903) 558.— R.winkleri Kom. in Tr. SPb. Obshch. Estestv. XXXVI (1896) 59, non Freyn in Willk., Prodr. fl. Hisp. II (1890) 920 et 298. Perennial; fibrous roots tuberculate-conical; stems erect, 35—60cm, almost always branched from the middle or above, especially in lower part; covered with spreading straight white hairs, leaves biternate or tripinnatisect, their lobes cuneate-lanceolate, lobulate or entire, margins and veins long-ciliate; radical leaves long-petioled, the blade broad-ovate in outline; lower cauline leaves similar to the radical, short-petioled; upper cauline leaves sessile, 2—3-partite, with entire lanceolate lobes; flowers golden yellow, to 1—2cm in diameter; sepals whitish, half the length of the petals, lanceolate-elliptic; petals broad-obovate, short-tapering to base; receptacle linear-lanceolate or long-cylindric, with lanate collar; fruiting head cylindric, rarely ovoid-cylindric; fruitlets glabrous, green, small, flattened, with winged border, the straight beak as long as or shorter than the ripe ovary, glabrous, with isolated obscure hairs when young, with short hamate tip. April-May. (Plate XXXIII, Figure 3). Steppe slopes in foothills.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al., T. Sh. Endemic. Described from Zeravashan. Type in Leningrad. 135. R.dilatatus Ovcz., sp. nova in Addenda VI, p. 576. Perennial, closely related to the preceding species; radical leaves tripartite, the lateral segments sessile or subsessile, the middle segment broad-petioled, all segments broader in outline [than in preceding species], more or less broad-rhombic, deeply tripartite but not to base, with oblong- cuneate apically broadened dentate-incised lobes; flowers to 2cm in diameter; fruiting head cylindric. May. Woody-shrub zone (?).— Centr. Asia: T. Sh. Described from the vicinity of Alma-Ata in Tien Shan. Type in Leningrad. 380 499 136. R.walteri Rgl. ex Freyn in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2, sér. III (1903) 558; Kom. in Tr. SPb. obshch. estestv. XXXVI (1896) 57 (sub R. meins- hauseni). Perennial; 20—25 cm high, sericeous, mostly one stemmed; thickened roots oblong-ellipsoid, in a compact bundle; stems branched distally, 3 or 4-flowered, the peduncles elongating in fruit, covered with appressed slender hairs, somewhat sulcate, at anthesis often somewhat drooping distally; radical leaves appressed-hairy, oblong or oblong-ovate in outline, pinnatipartite, the lower lateral segments sessile or short-petioled, unequally tripartite, with lanceolate or linear-lanceolate entire or somewhat incised lobes, the middle segments sessile, 2 — 3-incised or partite with narrow- lanceolate lobes, the upper segment petiolate, deeply tripartite, with lanceolate cuneate lobes, entire or with 1—2 teeth, the middle lobe deeply and acutely tridentate, with distant lateral teeth, rarely the upper segment tripartite to the middle with broader entire lobes; cauline leaves sessile or subsessile, deeply tripartite with subacute linear-lanceolate segments, sometimes with 2 additional lower lateral lanceolate entire segments; peduncles covered with appressed short hairs, distinctly canaliculate in fruit; flowers yellow, 2—2.5cm in diameter, 5-merous; sepals ovate, more or less spreading, half to two-fifths the length of the petals, yellowish-fimbriate, covered with slender hairs; petals obovate, tapering proximally; receptacle slender, cylindric, covered with short hairs; fruiting head 1.1—1.5cm long, 0.8—-0.9cm broad, oval-ellipsoid or oblong-ellipsoid; fruitlets flat, orbicular or more or less rounded-elliptic, 6—6.8 mm long (with beak), 3.5—4 mm wide, glabrous, with appressed ciliate hairs confined to the margin, especially the dorsal margin, with a very thin border, the beak long, 2.5—3.1 mm, falcately or arcuately curved, broadened or very slender proximally, somewhat hamate in upper part and at the tip. April. Low mountains in the Kopet Dagh Range.— Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. Endemic. Described from Turkmenia. Type in Leningrad. 137. R.pinnatisectus M. Pop. in N.A. Dimo, Pochv. Eksped. v bass. r.r. Syr-Dar'i iAmu-Dar'i I (1915) 51; Pop. in Sched. ad Herb. Fl. As. Med. (1925) 11.— R.linearilobus Rgl.inA.H.P. V (1877) 220 p. pte; Kom. in Tr. SPb. obshch. estestv. XXXVI (1896) 58 pr. pte.—R. sewer pew! Bet ana. H.P. Vv (1877) 221 p. pte; R. samarkandicus Lipsky in sched.— Exs.: H.F.A.M.No. 147. Perennial, 14—35 cm high; thickened roots short-cylindric; radical leaves with appressed-hairy petioles, the blade ovate or oblong-ovate in outline, once or twice pinnatipartite, the segments more or less petiolate, more or less deeply 2—3-partite, the terminal lobes short, oblong-linear, subacute; cauline leaves few, mostly trisected, their segments tripartite, those of upper leaves entire, linear; all leaves appressed-hairy; stems with spreading branches from the middle or lower parts, mostly few- flowered, distally covered with appressed grayish fragile straight hairs; peduncles erect, more or less divergent, obscurely sulcate; sepals more or less oblong-elliptic, obtuse, divergent, with more or less erect rigidulous hairs, 4mm long, slightly more than half the length of the petals; petals 7—10 mm long, yellow, obovate, tapering to base; receptacle linear-cylindric; fruiting head elongate-cylindric, 1.6—2.2 mm long, 5—6 (7)mm in diameter; 381 fruitlets 2.5mm long, much flattened, somewhat irregularly orbicular, pubescent, the beak straight from base, becoming curved from base, somewhat recurved or straight distally. March—May. (Plate XXXII, Figure 2). Among ephemeral spring vegetation,e.g., Aegilops triuncialis, sedge, bluegrass, and other meadow varieties, on argillaceous loess foothills, and enters the zone of forb and wheatgrass, as well as the lower part of the woody-shrub zone, rarely on rocks in small depressions, in sands at 400—1,800 m.— Centr. Asia: Kyz. K., Mtn. Turkm. (Kushka area), Amu D., Syr D., Pam. -Al., T. Sh.(W.). Endemic. Described from the vicinity of Katta-Kurgan. Type in Tashkent. 138. R.linearilobus Bge. in Arb. d. naturforsch. Ver. zu Riga I (1848) 122; E.Regel in A.-H.P. V (1877) 220 (ex pte). Perennial, 18 (27) cm high, grayish-hairy, with appressed hairs on petioles and at summit of stem; roots partially thickened, fusiform, often cordlike, slender; radical leaves tripartite; the middle segment, sometimes also the lateral, more or less petiolate, deeply 2—3-sect, with terminal long linear lobes, subobtuse, often curved, rarely the leaves tripartite with linear lobes, sometimes the segments of the first order entire; cauline leaves sessile, the lowermost subsessile, tripartite with linear entire segments, the middle segment linear sessile; stems more or less weak, scarcely sulcate, appressed-hairy like the petioles, simple or slightly branched above the middle; flowers 15—17mm in diameter; sepals more or less appressed-hairy, shorter than petals, ovate, yellowish or yellowish- green; petals obovate, yellow; fruiting head ovoid or globose, 6—12 mm long, to 5—-9mm broad; fruitlets much flattened, small (3—4 mm long), glabrous, with a straight long distally curved beak. March— May. (Plate XXXII, Figure 3). Gravelly slopes, depressions in sands, and loess foothills. — Centr. Asia: Kyz. K., Mtn. Turkm., Amu D.,Syr D., Pam. -Al. (NW). Endemic. Described from Central Asia. Type in Leningrad. Note. In the Khodzhent District (Mt. Mogol-tau) there occur aberrant plants with stems and petioles covered with spreading hairs, with small fruiting heads, and with more profusely branched stems. The pubescence and shape of leaves, described by M.G. Popov and R. linearilobus subsp. mogoltavicus M. Pop. (in Sched. ad Herb. Fl. As. Med. 1925, f. VI, p.9,No.143) bring it close to R. sewerzowii, and it may prove to be a hybrid between the latter and R. linearilobus. 500 139. R.tenuilobus Rgl. ex Kom. in Tr. SPb. Obshch. Estestv. XXXVI (1896) 59; Fedch., Consp. Fl. Turk. I, 8. Perennial, 17—25 (30) cm high, with thickened fusiform roois; stems solitary, tall, slightly branched only distally, with long spreading hairs; radical leaves numerous, long-petioled, like the cauline leaves (except the uppermost) broad-ovate in outline; cauline leaves petiolate, with blade tripartite 3—4-pinnatisect, their thin flat lobes pinnatipartite with linear- lanceolate lobules; uppermost leaves short-petioled or subsessile, divided 382 501) PLATE XXXII]. 1—Ranunculus regelianus Ovcz.,nectary, fruiting head, and fruitlet; 2—R.platy - spermus Fisch; 3—R.komarovii Freyn. 383 503 like the other leaves or deeply divided into slender lobes; flowers yellow or greenish yellow, 15mm in diameter; sepals yellowish-greenish, more or less appressed, somewhat hairy, 3—3.5mm long, half to two-fifths the length of the petals; petals yellow, somewhat oblong-obovate, more or less tapering to a clawlike base, 7-9 mm long; fruting head oblong-ellipsoid, to 6mm long; fruitlets small, more or less elliptic, slightly convex, with scattered or isolated hairs, rarely glabrate, narrowly winged dorsally and ventrally, the beak short, curved from base, with hamate tip. April— May. Herbaceous slopes in the lower woody-shrub zone and among shrubs at 1,300—2,100 m.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al., T. Sh. (Fergana Range). Endemic. Described from the Pamir-Alai Range. Type in Leningrad. 140. R.severzovii Rgl.in A. H. P. V(1877) 221, ex pte.—R.severzovi ssp. Winkleri Pop. in Sched. ad Herb. Fl. As. Med. (1925) 12.—Exs:: Hr Ar M., No. 149: Perennial, 30—40 cm high; most roots tuberous, fusiformly thickened; stems solitary, with spreading drooping hairs in lower part and slightly appressed long hairs in upper part, with grayish brown remnants of sheaths and petioles at base, with a tuft of hairs on the crown;radical leaves long- petioled, more or less large, tripartite, with petiolate, oblong-lanceolate entire or 2—3-partite and often incised segments (rarely the lateral segments subsessile), the petioles with dense spreading hairs; cauline leaves sessile or subsessile, 2—3-partite, with cuneate oblong entire or coarsely dentate lobes; flowers large,2.5cm in diameter; sepals greenish or brownish-greenish, very hairy, ovate or elliptic, obtuse, divergent, slightly more than half the length of the petals; petals broadly obovate- rounded; style long, straight, distally curved, glabrous or dorsally tuberculate; receptacle glabrous, linear-cylindric; fruiting head ovoid or rounded-oblong, 1.5—2 cm long, 1.6—1.2 broad; fruitlets 7—7.5 mm long, 5—6mm wide, much flattened, orbicular, narrow-winged, the beak long, 3—3.5mm, straight, with hamate involute tip when mature. April— May. Stony habitats, argillaceous semidesert wormwood stands, loess foothills with ephemeroid vegetation— Poa bulbosa and Carex pachy- stylis.—Centr. Asia: Syr D., T. Sh. (W.). Endemic. Described from Central Asia. Type in Leningrad. i 141. R.leptorrhynchus Aitch. et Hemsl. in Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, III (1888—1894) 29.—Ic.; l.c., tab. I. Perennial, 20—40 cm high; roots fascicular, some long and slender, others elongated, tuberously thickened; radical leaves petiolate, more or less broad-ovate in outline, tripartite, the middle segment petiolate, mostly trilobate or tripartite, with oblong entire or dentate lobes, the lateral segments entire or bilobate, sometimes more or less deeply trisected, the leaf blade appressed-hairy, the petioles distally more or less spreading- hairy; lower cauline leaves tripartite with lanceolate acute lobes, sessile, upper leaves simple, linear; stems slightly branched, somewhat flexuous, with numerous fibrous remains of leaves at base, with spreading upright hairs proximally and with appressed hairs distally; flowers 1.5—2 cm in diameter; sepals more or less appressed or somewhat spreading, ovate- elliptic, obtuse, with long slightly spreading hairs, to 7mm long; petals broad-obovate, longer than sepals, 9—10mm; fruiting head compact, more 384 or less oblong, 1.5—2.6cm long, 0.8—1.0 cm broad; fruitlets orbicular, flat, with long hairs at the margin, the beak long, 2—3 mm, straight, laterally inclined, hamate-curved distally. March— May. (Plate XXXII, Figure 1). Herbaceous slopes in low mountains and stands of tree and shrub vegetation— rose thickets, pistachio groves, etc.— Centr. Asia: Mtn. 504 Turkm., Syr D., Pam. -Al. Gen. Distr.: Iran. Described from Afghanistan. Type in London. 142. R.alpigenus Kom. in Tr. SPb. Obshch. Estestv. XXXVI (1896) 56.— R. aucheri B. Fedtsch., Consp. Fl. Turk. I (1906) 8, non Bois. ; Perennial, 11—20 (26) cm high, elongating in fruit; some roots thickened, cordlike or cylindric, others slender, fibrous, branching; stems mostly solitary, simple or distally branched, with 1 or 2 or several flowers, covered with weak flexuous spreading and in upper part semiappressed white hairs; radical leaves petiolate, the petioles covered with slender hairs or glabrous, broadened into whitish scarious sheaths, the blade more or less broad-ovate in outline, mostly ciliate-hairy beneath, glabrous above, compoundly tripartite, middle segment long petiolate, tripartite almost up to | base, with oblong-linear or oblong-lanceolate, basally somewhat tapering lobes, apically trifid into narrow oblong or linear rounded teeth, the lateral teeth divergent, the lateral segments mostly short-petioled, with narrower sublinear lobes and lobules; cauline leaves sessile, small, with hairy amplexicaul sheaths, tripartite, with linear entire or subentire lobes, usually with short-ciliate margin; flowers 1.3—2cm in diameter, diameter, mostly with several converging greenish-yellowish sepals, more or less divergent, hairy, recurved; petals 5 (occasionally up to 7 or 8), 1—1.4cm long, more or less oblong-obovate, often somewhat crenate, cuneate; receptacle glabrous; fruitlets 2.5—3 mm long, unequally obovate, flattened, with a slender 1—1.2 mm involute-tipped beak, covered with sparse long slender hairs, subsequently glabrous. May— August. (Plate XXXI, Figure 5). Steppe slopes in the subalpine zone at 2,000—4,000 m (in the Pamir). — Centr. Asia: Pam. -Al. (in the Pamir confined to the western part). Gen. Distr.: Afghanistan. Described from the Zeravshan Range. Type in Leningrad. 143. R.elbrusensis Boiss. Fl. Or. 1 (1867) 34; N. Busch in Fl. cauc. crit. III, 3 (1903) 176. Perennial, closely related to R. aucheri Boiss., from which it is distinguished by more thickened, shorter, oblong-cylindric auxiliary roots, by more broadly ovate fruitlets, by a shorter beak (to 1—1.3 mm), and by short-petioled, sometimes subsessile, cuneate, wider segments of radical leaves; these deeply ternate, their lobes obtusely dentate-incised, cuneate-ovate in outline; stems more or less simple or branched, with erect nondiverging branches. May. (Plate XXXI, Figure 6). Subalpine zone of mountains.— Caucasus: S. Transc., Tal. Gen. distr.: Iran. Described from Mt. El'brus. Type in Geneva; cotype in Leningrad. Note. Inthe Herbarium of the Botanical Institute there are specimens of doubtful origin, collected by Shovits in Armenia and Azerbaijan. 505 385 506 144. R.platyspermus Fisch. in DC., Prodr. I (1824) 37; Lbd., Fl. Ali Ty S068 Lbdl? FiviiRoss . (igor. tse base nkianus Fisch et Mey. ex Trautv. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXIII (1860) 64. Perennial, 17—22 (27) cm long, sometimes with creeping shoots; elongated, thickened, in a dense compact bundle; radical leaves petiolate, covered with flexuous soft hairs, once or twice tripartite, their multidentate pinnatifid segments with oblong terminal lobes; stem simple or slightly branched distally, few-flowered, mostly solitary, erect, straight, with flexuous appressed hairs, mostly sulcate, with 2—3 leaflets above the middle; lower cauline leaflets to 2—3 cm long, mostly trisected into elongate, linear or oblong-linear lobes, hairy, especially basally, the upper leaflets entire, linear; peduncles elongated, terminal and axillary, the short ones more or less sulcate, somewhat hairy; sepals hairy, obtuse; petals obovate, rounded, yellow, almost twice as long as sepals; fruiting head globose, 0.75—1 cm in diameter, not compact; receptacle glabrous, short; fruitlets suborbicular, 4 (3) mm in diameter, slender, flattened, with a very narrow winged border, glabrous, smooth, the beak marginal, very short, 0.2—0.4mm, hamate-curved from the very base. April— May. (Plate XXXIII, Figure 2). Semidesert-steppe and desert zone, mainly in sandy and sandy-loam soil.— European part: L.V.; W. Siberia: Alt.; Centr. Asia: Ar. -Casp., Balkh., Dzu. -Tarb., Kyz. K., Kara K., Syr D., T. Sh. (foothills). Gen. distr.: Dzu. -Kash. Described from Lake Inder. Type in Geneva. 145. R.meinshauseni Schrenk in Bull. Acad. Sc. Petersb. ITI (1845) 309; Traut. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXIII (1860) 65. Perennial, 30cm high; roots fascicular, fusiformly thickened-inflated, oblong; radical leaves numerous, petiolate, with scattered slightly spreading hairs, the blade ovate, 2.5—3 cm long, tripartite, with ternately dissected segments; segments of the first order petiolate, or the lateral segments sessile; segments of the second order tripartite, with oblong apically broadened thrice unequally dentate lobes; petioles 3—5 cm, with spreading hairs and a short sheath; stem simple, more or less spreading hairy, branched above the middle, few-flowered, more or less sulcate; lower cauline leaves short-petioled, upper leaves sessile, hairy, dissected into 3 oblong tridentate segments, the uppermost bracts entire; peduncles 1—3 (4), the lateral abbreviated, weak, the terminal elongated, not straight, more or less appressed-hairy; flowers 1.8—1.9cm in diameter; sepals not persistent in fruit, half the length of the petals, hairy on the outside, recurved; petals 8mm long, more or less broad-obovate, rounded, yellow; nectariferous gland hidden under a scale infundibularly fused for half its length, tapering to base, broadened apically; style straight from base, with hamately involute tip (fruit not seen). May. Boggy localities in foothills.— Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb. (Dzungarian Ala Tau). Endemic. Described from the Dzungarian Ala Tau). Endemic. Described from the Dzungarian Ala Tau. Type in Leningrad. Note. This species has not yet been properly studied; in the herbarium it is represented merely by the very old collections of Schrenk. According to M. G. Popov, who has observed this plant in the field, it is clearly distinguished from R. regelianus by the reflexed sepals. In general appearance it resembles species of the group Xiphocoma. 386 PLATE XXXIV. 1—Oxygraphis glacialis Bge; 2—O.vulgaris Freyn; 3—O.chamissonis (Schlechtd.) Freyn.; 4—Halerpestes salsuginosa (Pall.) Green. 5—H.ruthenica (Jacq.) Ovcz. 387 509 146. R.regelianus Ovcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XLIV (1935) 267.— R. platyspermus Trautv. (non Fisch.) in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXIII (1860) 64.—R. meinshauseni Rgl. (non Schrenk) in A.H.P., V (1877) 221 et auct. fl; VYurk. Perennial, 25—30 (56) cm high, with a dense bundle of elongated cordlike thickened roots; radical leaves long-petioled, covered with forward pointing soft hairs, the blade more or less ovate, to 3-5 (—8) cm long, 2—3 times dissected, segments of the first and (partially) second orders, petiolate, segments of the third order divided-dentate, the terminal lobes linear, elongate, divided-dentate; stem solitary, simple or slightly branched distally, few-flowered, with forward pointing appressed flexuous hairs, more or less sulcate, with 2—3 bracts compoundly divided or tripartite, with linear lobes; flowers 2—2.7cm in diameter; sepals deciduous, 6mm long, not persistent in fruit, oblong-elliptic, rounded, somewhat hairy on the outside; petals more or less broad-obovate, rounded, yellow, almost twice as long as sepals, 11—21mm long; fruiting head more or less ovoid or ovoid-rounded; fruitlets irregularly orbicular, with a proximally attenuate ventral part to 5mm in diameter, glabrous, flattened with a winged border, the beak somewhat displaced toward the back, straight, hamate-curved distally. May—June. (Plate XXXII, Figure 1). Steppe and meadow areas in the subalpine and forest zones.— Centr. Asia: Dzu. -Tarb., T. Sh., Pam. -Al. (confined to the Alai Range). Described from Tien Shan. Type in Leningrad. Genus 538. TRAUTVETTERIA FISCH. ET MEY.* Fisch. et Mey. in Ind. sem. Horti Petropol. 1(1835) 22; Prantl in Engl. u. Prantl, Pflzfam. III, 2 (1891) 64; Huth in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XVI (1893) 286. Perennials; sepals mostly 4, rarely 5, caducous, elliptic, sometimes slightly emarginate, boat-shaped, with involute sparsely short-ciliate margins, often somewhat reddish brown, to 3—3.5 mm long; petals absent; stamens numerous, to 6—8 mm long, all fertile, more or less flat, broadened distally, [filaments] abruptly narrowed distally; anthers short-elliptic, to 0.6—0.7 mm long; fruitlets 1-seeded, dry, indehiscent, with 2 very conspicuous lateral longitudinal and [two] marginal veins, thus the fruit somewhat tetragonous; ovule ascending, borne on ventral margin. Note. Only one species in the USSR; a second, very closely related species, (T. palmata Fisch. et Mey.) is distributed in North America. Prantl (1. c.) supposes that it is related to Oxygraphis, but, following Huth, I believe this view to be entirely unfounded. Nor can I agree with Huth (1.c., p.287) that the genus most closely related to Trautvetteria is Thalictrum. Rather, I propose that Trautvetteria should be placed between Thalictrum and the North American Cyrto- rryncha Nuft. * Treatment by P.N.Ovchinnikov. 5667 388 510 1. T.japonica Sieb. et Zucc. in Abhand. d. Bayer. Acad. IV (1846) 184-ifoms, Fl. Manchzh. Il, 801.—T. palmata Korsh. in A-H.P. XI (1892) 301, non Fisch. et Mey.— T. palmata var. japonica Huthin Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XVI (1893) 288.—Ranunculus pleurocarpus Maxim., Prim. Fl. Amur. (1859) 91.—Ic.: Iconogr. pl. Nippon. X (1910) 4.°45. — Exs.: HFR No. 92506. Perennial, 50—70 cm high, with a bundle of threadlike slender root fibers; stems large, somewhat flexuous, hollow, glabrous like the leaves; radical leaves long-petioled, without sheaths, the blade glabrous, with scattered short hairs beneath, broadly reniform or orbicular in outline, deeply tripartite, with approximate or almost contiguous large broad segments, the middle segment much narrower than the lateral, more or less elliptic or oblong-rhombic, tapering to base, deeply incised and acutely serrate-dentate, the lateral segments 2—4-sect to the middle into rhombic or lanceolate-rhombic, mostly trifid and incised-serrate-dentate acute lobes; cauline leaves petiolate, broadly ovate-reniform [in outline], similar to the radical leaves or unequally 5—6-partite to the middle or beyond, with oblong-rhombic incised-serrate-dentate lobes; radical leaves [sic! ] entire, or tripartite with elongate- rhombic serrate-dentate lobes; peduncles finely striate, with short slendercrisphairs; inflorescence semipaniculate; sepals 4, deciduous at anthesis, more or less elliptic, curved, with involute searcely ciliate margins and an incurved somewhat cucullate tip; petals usually obsolete, occasionally isolated, elongate, oblong-cuneate, truncate, to 5-6 mm long, whitish-yellowish; fruiting head loose, globose, of 12—15 fruitlets; receptacle glabrous; fruitlets with marginal and 2 lateral ribbed veins, sometimes with 2 additional short veins emerging from the back, the beak short, to 0.5mm, straight, hamate-curved distally. June— July. Beside forest rivulets, in floodplain forests, valleys, riverbanks, sandy banks, etc.— Far East: Ze.-Bu., Uda, Uss., Sakh. Gen.dist.: Jap. -Ch. Described from Japan. Type in Munich (?). L.,Gen. Pl. ed. I (1737) 164, Perianth simple, caliciform, of 4, very rarely 5 deciduous segments; stamens numerous, longer than perianth segments; pistils few or rather numerous, distinct, unicellular, with 1 ovule; style abbreviated, sometimes obsolete; fruitlets sessile or stalked, with persistent style and stigma. Annuals with alternate pinnatipartite leaves and numerous small flowers. Note. Of all the systems proposed for Thalictrum L., the best seems also to be the oldest, which was published by de Candolle in 1818 (Syst. I, p.168—172); it is followed below. ii) iatlers with winged ribs. ....... 5... « SE Fekete ae eer 2. + Henadleto with wingle ss, £AU6y bf fan eda dis) lye eet yeh ce er eee + + ic 2. Fruitlets pyriform, more or less cuneately narrowing toa stalk..... SY B/E Mick. Ric ath Be ag Fer Ea! sR of Bb Sich oy ¥ 1. T.aquilegifolium L. * From the Greek thalictron, Dioscorides' name fora certain medicinal plant. ** Treatment by S.A.Nevskii. 389 511 al2 Si 14. 1). INS. Fruitlets ovoid-ellipsoid or obovoid, abruptly narrowing to a stalk PA RUN SS VIE MSL A Te Pe WAL eat ce) AR raale = | aso 2. T.contortum L. Leaves ternate ‘or 2—s = pinnate’ 25 oP 7 ee BPE ee 4. Leaves 2-4 -pinnate $M Sthete ee Sk Ghee hak A ean eee ee Ths Plants with large radical leaves; achenes with short stalks....... 5. Plants without radieal leaves; achenes Sessile 27/230) 2 ane tamer 6. Cauline leaves paired, opposite, simple; rootstock creeping, with Stender roots sateen ve oes eke onan a dimer ie 7. T.filamentosom Maxim. Cauline leaves paired, approximate, ternate or biternate; roots fUSITOMML CUDe TOUS! or: Te erent ris) kts aecnearne ns 6. T.tuberiferum Maxim. Eruitletsr on Straialit stay Gerreaer le) rst n auyee Raber 8. T.triternatum Rupr. Fruitlets usually 4—8, falcately curved. ...9. T.sultanabadense Stapf. Filaments clavately dilated distally, thicker than the anthers...... 8. Eilaments) sillenders not dilatediditsitalilyai ss). siesta lo een titanate We Fruitlets short-stalked, pendent or more or less declinate ...... Se Fruitlets sessile Perect “Pare Ne AIP Pee ee id. Fruitlets inflated (not compressed), woody, globose-obovoid, small, 2.9mm long,2mm broad, with anastomosing veins =) /- 775). aie Pa Roche Tete ON Maat attea Seana ene STARTION Tt EEC R Oh er NACE EE MN 5. ‘EP baicalense munes: Fruitlets flattened, soft, obliquely obovoid larger, 4.5—6 mm long, PA PAN) aquagt [OIRO Wiptlo CU CBIENLS WSIUMS) 414 4 due 5 od o.plo ooo o 00 5.0 6 OR Flowers few, borne singly at tip of stems and branches......... ORIEN AS Tale EP LMR Sgt MaMa RW EN ante GS RD, eae ane Uap ae 3. T.sparsiflorum Turcz. Flowers in a small terminal nonumbellate panicle. 25 22355 OS SP RRS Ot Sten lepers RAS Ady ee 4. T.sachalinense Lecoyer. Flowers white or slightly pinkish; achenes ovoid, stout, 3.5—4 mm LOme 2 Oh Sea ae leafs ta EES ODA REED 4s Pees ant RAR Wee 10. T. petaloideum L. Flowers greenish; achenes semifusiform, 2—3 mm long, 1 mm broad a a i ae alae Se ae hee ee Cire RT ORE Ss See 16. T.podolicum Lecoyer. Inflorescence a simple, very rarely a scarcely branched raceme. Avvenry small o—lolem) high} alpine or Acetic plant v.65 ise eee Se ny ime erg, eee anne © EO RAMEN LONG ce SU NN Ue tera Pe Yi 11. T. alpinum L. Inflorescence branched, pyramidal, paniculate or corymbose. Parser lait Sy iis a sl lt cca Madwch ici ite aaah euke Sh ayieee ale ey Eh Goa er £3: Inflorescence a compact, usually corymbose panicle; flowers not nutant; perianth and filaments pale yellow; anthers obtuse or SUPODTUISES PP Ee RRR NN ya EE TAS RD At a ee, 14. Inflorescence a more or less loose, oblong, ovoid or pyramidal panicle; flowers usually nutant, reddish-brownish, with pendent stamens: yanthersvacmminate aus oes. 59h eee eee a 1o. Reatlets: rounded-obovete, dull above si 4% ia yee arene 18. T. flavum L. Leatletsinarrow, linear or obloney lustrous above. 026 a). eee TURRET athe eee ee cla tear oh tcp Pane Pee aA SOA cae Wr ai 19. ST angustifolrwnd LL. Leaves crowded inlower part of stem, the leaflets very small, very deeply divided, often almost to base, into 3 entire oblong lobes... . Fete Le EEN MON RLS Gen crak Bas 13. T.isopyroides C. A. M. Leaves more or less irregularly spaced along the stem; leaflets shallowly incised into broad, often detate lobes .......92 0. i% 16. Plants with short glandular hairs, mainly on underside of leaflets. . BN sean aU rt oeoprah’ oP vad ete he eae SAUD RA cn Vonec ei Cg MGR Ae Dt can 12. T.foetidum L. SORIA ah OR ap Seas ones hme A ict Gail han ea a Ife. 390 513 iietitsttl sand, gruitlets,1—3;, fruitlets large,5—7 mm long « 2.6. 0... Ree obi eiGtel aed loot an kdburlts: depen Go 14. T, squarrostm Steph. ex W. + Pistils and fruitlets 5—12; fruitlets smaller,2—4mm long....... 18. 18. Stigmas sagittate; leaves bipinnate, more or less appressed to stem Sete ey eee tee ene ol se vapid wip © Linco teel ae de my ay «Ue pk Se ey weds 17. T. simplex L. + Stigmas not sagittate; leaves 3—4-pinnate, spreading.......... Section 1. TRIPTERIUM DC. Syst. I (1818) 168.— Fruitlets pendent, on long pedicels, with winged ribs. Filaments clavately thickened distally. 1. T.aquilegifolium L., Sp. pl. (1753) 547; Ldb., Rl. Ross. I, 5, p. pte.; Rgl. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXIV, 1 (1861) 23, p. pte.; Lecoyer in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. XXIV (1885) 150, p. pte.; Shmal'g., Fl. IL 5, pro max. pie.— T. atropurpureum. Jacq., Hort. bot.. Vindob.. IJ] (1776) 66-—eei~ Rehb., Ic... Pl, ;Germ. III, tab. . 36; fig. :4635;—Exs.:. HFR No. 1451. Perennial; stem 40—100 cm high, glabrous, erect; leaves large, broadly triangular in outline, with horizontally spreading 2—3-pinnate blades, the lower leaves petiolate, the upper subsessile, the petioles canaliculate above, glabrous like the leaves; stipules at base of petioles smallish,membranous, with rounded margins; leaflets 20—50 mm long, 5—40 mm broad, obovate or rounded-obovate, petiolate or sessile, slightly cordate or rounded, apically usually trilobate or obtusely tridentate, often with crenate-dentate lobes, green, glaucescent-green beneath; flowers numerous, in a corymbose panicle, pale lilac, rarely white, with 5-20 mm pedicels; perianth segments 4(5), oval, entire, obtuse; stamens numerous, the filaments colored, clavately dilated distally to thickness of anters; anthers ovoid or ellipsoid, obtuse; pistils 5—20; ovaries long-stalked; style obscure; stigma 0.5mm long; fruitlets pendent, pyriform or obovoid, more or less cuneately tapering to a 3—5 mm long stalk, obtuse, the beak 0.5mm long, glabrous, very slightly compressed, tetragonous, curved, with membranous wings along the ribs (one narrower thanthe others); achenes 7—8 mm long, 3.5—4.5 mm broad. June— July (August). (Plate XXXV, Figure 3). Forests. Felling areas and clearings mainly in broadleaf and mixed forests. European part: Kar.-Lap., Lad. -Ilm., Dv. -Pech. (rare: Arkhangel'sk, Ustyug), U.V., V.-Kama (very rare in western part of region: former Kazan Province), V.-Don, U. Dnp., M. Dnp. Gen. distr.: Centr. and S. Eur., Bal.-As. Min. (W.). Described from Europe. Type in London. 2. T.contortum L., Sp. pl. (1753) 547; Rgl. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXIV, 1 (1861) 25.—T. agudleoiioliu maldb,..Fl. Ross; J... 5,. p..p- (quoad pl. sib.); Turcz., Fl. baic.-dah. I, 27; Komarov, Fl. Mansch. Heote3 035i... _Kamch. HH, .1543-Kryk, Flos Zap. Sib.V,1211,non L.= Ic.: Somoku Dzusetsu ed. Makino X, t. 41 (1910). Perennial, very similar to T. aquilegifolium, but often stronger, mainly distinguished by shape of achenes; stem 50—200cm high; leaves asin T. aquilegifolium; flowers ina large corymbose panicle, lilac or white, pedicels 1—5 cm long; perianth segments oval, obtuse, 4—5 mm 391 914 long and 2—2.5mm broad; stamens 7-9 mm long, the colored filaments distally dilated to thickness of anthers (0.5mm); pistils half as long as stamens; ovaries with slender stalks, to 2mm long; fruitlets pendent from stalks, 3—5 mm long, ovoid-ellipsoid or obovoid-ellipsoid, abruptly narrowed apically (not tapering as in T.aquilegifolium), apex rounded, with beak curved to the side, 0.5—0.75 mm long, tetragonous, with membranous wings along the ribs, 3 of the wings wide, the fourth along the ventral vein, half as wide, the fruitlets 6—6.5mm long, 3.5—4mm broad. June— July. (Plate XXXV, Figure 4). Forest and riverside meadows, forest margins, and shrub thickets. — W. Siberia: Ob (Vakh River valley), Alt. (Kurchum River basin); E. Siberia: Ane, -Say., Dau.) suena] Kol) Ham bast Olkh:, amch > Uday spsalcaas Ze.-Bu., Uss. Gen. distr.: Jap.-Ch. Described from Siberia. Type in London. Section 2. PHYSOCARPUM DC., Syst. I (1818) 171.— Fruitlets short- stalked, more or less pendent or divergent, with distinct veins, anastomosing in some species. Filaments clavately dilated distally. 3. DT sparsiflorum Turez. ex Fisch? ‘et Mey", “Ind Sem? llort! serra (1835) 405 slidbt, Fl “Ross)-1) 55 ecoyer in Boll: \ScesBer. Bello XIV (1885) 155,%p..p.; Komi, (P12 Kamch.> i) 1545) Kry iene aloes V 1212:— Ie.: Rel. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. XXXIV, 1 (1861). 1) figsi=2; Lecoyer; Monogr to, tig.) o- Perennial, glabrous (distinguished from the North American T. richard- sonii A.Gray); stem 30—60 (150) cm high; leaves exstipulate, broadly triangular, 2—3-pinnatipartite, evenly spaced along stem, strongly declinate. Petioles of upper and lower leaves 1.5—2.5cm, the uppermost leaves sessile; petioles very slender, green above, glaucescent-green below, rounded-ovate or suborbicular [in outline], 5—25 mm long, 4—15 (20) mm broad, scarcely cordate or rounded basally, petiolate, rarely sessile, broadly short-trilobate at the apex; flowers few, scattered, at summit of stem and tips of branches, whitish creamy, with pedicels 6—15 mm; perianth segments 4, oval, entire, glabrous, 2.5—3 mm long; stamens 10—15, the filaments slender, somewhat dilated distally, longer than the pistils; anthers ovoid, obtuse, ca. 1mm long; fruitlets few (usually 4—7), pendent, with short (1) 1.5—3 mm stalks, obliquely broad-ovoid (dorsally straight, ventrally curved), flattened, with prominent arcuate veins, the beak slender, straight, 1—1.25 mm long, the fruitlets 4.5—6 mm long, 2.5—2.75 mm broad. June. Boggy forests and dense herbaceous thickets on banks of mountain rivers and streams. Arctic: An.; W. Siberia: Ob (upper course of the Ket); E. Siberia: Yenis., Lena-Kol., Dau., Ang.-Say.; Far East: Kamch., Okh., Uda, Ze.-Bu., Uss. (NE). Gen. distr.: N. Korea. Described from Dauria. Type in Leningrad. 4. T.sachalinense Lecoyer in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. XXIV (1885) 152, pe 392 515 Perennial; stem 40—60 cm high, glabrous; leaves distant, 2—3-pinnate, stipulate, petiolate or subsessile, at point of branching, leaflets always narrow, delicate, large, 20—50 mm long, 10—40 mm broad, obovate, petiolate or subsessile, slightly cordate or rounded-cuneate, distally tridentate or trilobate, the lobes undivided, with large obtuse teeth, glabrous; inflorescence aterminalfew-flowered semiumbellate panicle; flowers large, pale pinkish, with 10—40 mm pedicels; perianth segments 4 (5),3—4 mm long, 2—3 mm broad, ovate, entire; stamens numerous, the filaments 4—6 mm long, clavately thickened distally to width of anthers or slightly wider; anthers 1mm long, linear, obtuse; pistils 5-9; immature fruitlets short-stalked, identical with those of T. sparsiflorum Turcz., the beak as long but reflexed (style persistent). June— July. Far East: Sakh. Endemic. Described from the Otekhkoro area. Type in Leningrad. Note. This species is very closely related to T. sparsiflorum, the only visible difference being the type of inflorescence. Attached to the type specimen there is a small packet with mature achenes belonging to another species, namely T. minus B sibiricum. This led Lecoyer into an unfortunate error, for he described them as belonging to his species. In the illustration (Plate III, Figure b) he showed characéers based on them; other characters (e.g., shape of beak) he described after immature achenes of T. sachalinese sensu stricto. 5. T.baicalense Turcz., Fl. baic.-dah. I (1842) 28; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 7; Rgl. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. XXXIV, 1 (1861) 26; Lecoyer in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. XXIV (1885) 164; Kom., Fl. Manchzh. II,1, 307.— T. leiocarpum Fries in Linnaea XXIX (1858) 730 (ex Lecoyer).—Ic.: Beli we. ata Tpifigi'2,. vc, djiesLecoyer, l.c4>tab: Ty Fig. t4s— Exs.: HFR No. 1002. Perennial; stem 40—70 cm high, simple, glabrous, sulcate; leaves distant, short-petioled, 2—3-pinnatipartite, broadly triangular, the petioles broadened into a short sheath, with grayish brown-membranous and long- fimbriate margin; stipules absent at points of emergence of petioles; leaflets 10—35 mm long, 10—30 mm broad, rounded-obovate or suborbicular, sometimes reniform-rounded (the terminal leaflets), cordate or cuneate, apically trilobate with obtusely crenate-dentate lobes, green, almost concolor above and beneath, rather thin, glabrous, with very prominent veins beneath; flowers few, in a small corymbose panicle, whitish, small, with 5—20 mm pedicels; perianth segments 4, oval, 2—3 mm long; stamens numerous, the filaments whitish, proximally filiform, distally dilated almost to thickness of anthers; anthers oval, 0.5mm long, obtuse; pistils 5—7, ovaries subsessile; style 0.5mm long; fruitlets with a stalk ca.0.25mm long, glabrous, inflated, not compressed, globose-obovoid, small, 2.5 mm long (without beak), 2mm thick, woody, the style (beak) persistent, slightly curved, ca.0.75mm long; veins rather numerous, anastomosing. May— June. (Plate XXXV, Figure 7). Broadleaf forests, forest margins, mainly in soil with leaf humuus. — E.. Siberia: Ang. -Say., Dau.; Far East: Ze.-Bu., Uss., Uda.. Gen. distr.: Manchuria, Kansu. Described from the shores of Lake Baikal. Type in Leningrad. 393 516 ol? 6. T.tuberiferum Maxim. in Bull. Acad. St. Pétersb. XXII (1876) 227; Lecoyer in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. XXV (1885) 61> Komnr:,: sha Manchzh:» 11,15. y307..—des:bkecoyers lex, tab ji Minies i2, Perennial; roots fusiformly tuberously thickened; creeping subterranean shoots absent; stems erect, 40—80cm high, slightly faceted; leaves 3:1 radical, with a long 12—22 cm petiole, triternately divided, with long petiolules of the first and second order and with large ovate terminal leaflets, basally broadened or slightly cordate, apically trilobate with obtusely crenate-dentate lobes; cauline leaves 2, opposite, in upper part of stem, ternate or biternate, short-petioled or sessile, with leaflets similar in shape to those of radical leaves but smaller and narrower (leaflets of all leaves Ze — OiCmn LONG wl OaaOLe ia broad); stipules absent; inflorescence terminal, with rather numerous flowers, in the form of an umbellate panicle with small leaflets at base of basal branches; flowers whitish, small, with 2—10mm pedicels; perianth segments 4, ovate,ca.2mm long; stamens numerous, white, the filaments slender in their lower half, ovoid-inflated in upper half, 1mm thick, 3—4 times as thick as the ovoid or ellipsoidal 0.5—1 mm anthers; pistils 4—7; ovaries subsessile; stigma sessile, oval; fruitlets with 3mm long stalks, obliquely obovoid, straight, slightly flattened, straight dorsally, curved ventrally, with 8 prominent ribs, of which 3 are on each side, one dorsal, and one ventral, the fruitlets 5—5.5mm long, 2mm broad. June— July. Shady coniferous and mixed mountain forests.— Far East: Uss. Gen. distr.: Jap.-Ch. Described from the Ol'ga Gulf area. Type in Leningrad. 7. T.filamentosum Maxim., Prim. Fl. Amur. (1859) 13; Rgl. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXIV, 1 (1861) 27; Lecoyer in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. XXIV (1885) 159 eb2 71; \Kom.,) Blu i(Manchzh® Il, 306)—16. Heal, wie. tabs Mifiss ViGexely ib vetie)); Perennial, small, 20—40 cm high; rootstock slender, creeping, with slender roots; leaves 3:1 radical, with a long (10) 12—20 cm) petiole, the blade broadly triangular [in outline], biternately divided; cauline leaves 2, sessile, approximate (opposite), in upper part of the slender costate stem, simple; petiole of radicalleaf exstipulate, petiolules of the first order 2.5—4.5cm long, those of the second order much shorter; terminal leaflets of the radical leaf ovate or broad-ovate, 3—4cm long, 2.5—3.5cm broad, shallowly trilobate at the apex, the middle lobe coarsely and obtusely tridentate, the lateral lobes obtusely crenate-dentate or subentire,green above, glaucescent-green beneath; cauline leaves rounded-ovate, slightly cordate, one larger than the other, similar in type of dentation to leaflets of the radical leaf, all leaves glabrous; inflorescence terminal, few-flowered, umbellate, 1.5—2.5 cm long, 2.5—3.5cm broad; flowers white, with 5-20mm pedicels; perianth segments ovate, obtuse, entire, 2mm long, ca. 1.5mm broad; stamens numerous, white, the filaments very much thickened, distally 2—3 times as broad as the anthers, ca. 1mm broad; anthers globose- rounded, obtuse, 0.25—0.5mm long; pistils 3-5; ovary subsessile, 1—2 mm long; style undeveloped or almost undeveloped; stigma lateral, sessile, oval, 0.5—1 mm long; fruitlets subsessile or with short, (ca. 0.5mm) stalks, glabrous, narrowly semioval, very slightly falcately curved, thus the dorsal surface concave, the ventral surface convex, 5mm long, 1.5—2.75 mm broad, slightly flattened, with 8 prominent ribs (3 on each side, one 394 518 dorsal, and one ventral); stigma forming a persistent short curved beak. May — June. Coniferous and mixed forests, especially Siberian stone-pine forests; growing in large groups in mossy soil. —Far East: Uss. Gen. distr.: Manchuria. Described from the vicinity of Geong and Tsyanka, on the lower course of the Amur. Type in Leningrad. Section 3. EUTHALICTRUM DC., Syst. 1 (1818) 172.— Fruitlets sessile, rarely subsessile, with prominent longitudinal ribs. Filaments slender, rarely clavately dilated distally. 8. T.triternatum Rupr., Flora Cauc. (1869) 2; Lecoyer in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. XXIV (1885) 172; Boiss., Fl. Or. Suppl. (1888) 2; N. Busch., Fl. cauc. crit. Il]; 3, 184, p. p. (excl. pl. ex Armenia turcica).— Ic.: Rapes ).de:) tab. OG) fig..i. Exes...) Fis Cauc.,Exs. No: 107. Perennial, stocky, (20) 30—50cm high; stem glabrous, weak, with 2 grayish brown basal sheaths; leaves triternate,distant, petiolate or subsessile, the petioles exstipulate; leaflets smallish, usually 10—15mm long, 5—10mm broad, obovate, rounded-obovate, or suborbicular, rounded- cuneate or slightly cordate, glabrous on both surfaces, coarsely and obtusely tridentate at the apex, the teeth entire or with small obtuse teeth; inflorescence with few (usually 6) white flowers, with 5—10mm pedicels; perianth segements 4, elliptic, entire, 4—6mm long, 1—2 mm broad; stamens 15—20, the filaments distally very strongly clavately dilated; anthers 1mm long, linear, obtuse; pistils 3; ovary sessile, 4—5mm long; style 1mm long; stigma broad, hastate, conical; fruitlets 3, linear, straight, each with 8 slender ribs. June —July. Taluses and calcareous rocks in the alpine zone, rarely in shrub thickets in the subalpine zone. —Caucasus: Cisc. (W.), W. and E. Transc. (in the latter, confined to northern part, in Osetia). Endemic. Described from the northeastern slopes of the Shitlib Pass in the upper reaches of the Belaya River (former Kuban Region). Type in Leningrad. Note. _N.A. Bush's record for Turkish Armenia certainly refers to T. sultanabadense Stapf, distinguished by the filaments, which are obscurely dilated below the anthers, and by the characteristic falcately curved achenes with 3 more prominent ribs. 9. T.sultanabadense Stapf in Verhandl. Zool. -bot. Gesellsch. Wien XXXIII (1888) 550.—T. trautvetterianum Rgl., ex Kom. in Trav. Soc. Nat. Petersb. XXVI (1896) 48. Perennial, small, glabrous, 10—30cm high; leaves biternate, short- petioled sessile or exstipulate; leaflets 0.9—2cm long, 0.8—1.8cm broad, rounded-obovate or obovate, slightly cordate or rounded-cuneate, distally trilobate with 2—3-dentate lobes; inflorescence racemose with few flowers; flowers with long pedicels, produced in the axil of large ovate acuminate or broad-ovate, trilobate or even ternate bracts; perianth segments pinkish, obovate, acuminate, ca. 4mm long; stamens 6—10,5—6 mm long, the filaments scarcely dilated distally; anthers linear-clavate, 3mm long; stigma long, curved; fruitlets usually 4—8, falcately curved, with concave dorsal surface, convex ventral surface, 3.5—4.5 mm long, 1.5—4mm broad, with very 395 prominent ribs, the lateral ribs confluent at base, produced into an indurated persistent acuminate 1.25mm long stigma. May— June. (Plate XXXV, Figure 8). Rocks, stony slopes, slightly shady localities,near shrubs of Amygdalus and Juniperus trees (Pamir-Alai). Caucasus: S. Transc.; Centr. Asia: Pam. -Al., Mtn. Turkm. Gen. distr.: Iran., Arm.-Kurd. Described from the vicinity of Sultanabad [Kashmar], northern Iran. Type in Vienna. 10; -1). péetaloideum {5 Sp)*pl ved. 2.1762) 71743) Edb.y El. “Rosse ienG. Durez:, FVebaies dah. iy i2ssakeol ain Bull. soc Nat. Moses eeeany (1861) 28; Lecoyer in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. XXIV (1885) 165; Kom., FI. Manehzh. lly 1538: Keyl, WE (Zap? silby Vy 2i 3 Sita) nan merece a f. Suppl, (1781) 2712 = Ie): Krascheninn. in Nov. “Comm- Ace Petrop tabiwloy fic. 2: pWeless i eis tabw Ise Wecover. Ices, tabs allt eta) sitae | Exs.: HFR No. 951. | Perennial, glabrous; stems strong, low, (15) 20—40 (50) cm high, sulcate, | often violet proximally; leaves glaucous-green or gray-green, crowded at base of stem (cauline leaves only 1 or 2, small), the blade broadly triangular in outline, 2—3-pinnate, 4—10cm long, 3—8 cm broad, the lower leaves with 2—10cm petioles; leaflets dull, without prominent veins on either surface, small, orbicular, reniform-rounded, obovate, or elliptic, 2—10mm long, 1—6 mm broad, slightly cordate or rounded-cuneate, petiolate or sessile, deeply (2) 3-lobate, with very obtuse rounded lobes; flowers white or very Slightly pinkish, erect, on 1—3cm pedicels, in a dense corymbose panicle; perianth segments 4, ovate; stamens numerous, white, 6-8 mm long, 2.5—3 times as long as pistils, the filaments clavately dilated (0.75—1.25 mm thick) distally, almost twice as thick as anthers; anthers 0.5—1 mm long, elliptic, obtuse; pistils 4-13; ovary sessile; style filiform, 0.25—0.5mm long; fruitlets sessile, ovoid, thick, not flattened, 3.5—4mm, long, 2—2.5mm in diameter, with 8 very prominent ribs, the persistent style forming an ca. 1mm long beak, hamate or slightly curveddistally. May — June. (Plate XXXV, Figure 5). Gravelly steppe slopes, rarely steppes and steppe meadows. — W. Siberia: vAlt. 7) EB.) Siberias Ang. says, Dau.; (Parhast."Ze)— bu. @entia Asia: T. Sh. Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash., Mong., Jap. -Ch. (Korea, Manchuria). Described from Siberia. Type in London. ai) ii} 2. alpinum’ .5 Sp. ple (1753) 545" Ekdb.. PE “Rossi 1) 6: lures rue baic. -dah. I, 28; Rgl. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXIV, 1 (1861) 28; Lecoyer in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. XXIV (1885) 193; Kom., Fl. Kamch. II, M3337 Keyl Pls yZap. sib: Vj) 1212: °N. Busch Cauc. erin. wile oloes—— ler; Pi Dans tole) Wecoyer, Mick m te UN tion eltSe sccm likin Nr nO) ae Perennial, small, with aphyllous, rarely 1-leaved simple stem, 5—15 (20) cm high; leaves crowded at base of stem, extipulate, with 1—4cm petioles, pinnate and bipinnate, the blade 1.5—3 cm long, 1—2.5cm broad; leaflets orbicular or rounded-obovate, distally obtusely 3—5-dentate, almost coriaceous, with slightly curved margins, dark green and more o1 less lustrous above, pale glaucous beneath, 3—5 (7)mm long and about as broad; flowers in a simple, rarely scarcely branched raceme, 1.5—8cm long, 396 520 nutant; pedicels in the axil of 3--4mm long oval or oblong-oval, apically more or less crenate bracts, 2—4mm in fruit to 8mm, arcuately curved; perianth segments reddish-brownish, 2—3 mm long, 1—1.75mm broad, elliptic, obtuse; stamens 8—10, pendent, 5—6mm long, with slender filaments 3—4 mm long, anthers linear, subobtuse, 1—2 mm long; pistils 3—5; ovary sessile, 1mm long; fruitlets pendent, sessile or subsessile 0.75—1 mm broad. June-July. (Plate XXXV, Figure 1). High-mountain tundras, rocks and moraines around glaciers, dry alpine shortgrass meadows, and tundras.—Arctic: Arc. Eur., Nov. Z., Arc. Sib., Chuk., An.; European part: N. part of the Central Urals; Caucasus: Main Range; W. Siberia: Alt.; E. Siberia: Ang. -Say., luena- Kol., -Daut;) Mar East: Kameh.; Centr. Asia: Dzu:-Tarb., T. Sh., Pam.-Al. Gen. distr.: Mong., Ind.-Him., N. Am., polar-Arctic and alpine zones of W. Europe. Described from Lapland. Type in London. 12. foetidum. Ju.) Sp: pl) (153); dsdbi, . Fle Ross. 1,27; “Tirez.; Fl. baic.-dah. I, 30; Rgl. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXIV (1861) 45; Boiss., Fl. Or. 1(1867) 7; Lecoyer in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. XXIV (1885) it susallc., Fit, 53) Ni Busch) Fl.) cauc.. crit. My. 3, Th; Kryl., BE iZap.esin. wW)t2i4,—T..styloideum L.,f. Suppl. (178f).—T. sibiri- CG wei. Sp-\ ph, (1953).546,..ps po T.acutilobum \DC., (Syst: 1.(1818) 177.—T. pubescens C.A.M. Verzeichn. Pfl. Cauc. (1831).—T. gracile GrAgM Ain dbs) Fi, Alt... 1)(1830) 348%, p.-p:—Ie.: Rehb., Jc» F1. Germ. Min tan xX Vi fig, 14:626;uecoyer,;1..c., fy iVajiig. ‘to—Exs.: JA. Kerner, Fl. exs. austr. -hung. No. 2560. Perennial; entire plant covered with short glandular pubescence mainly developed on underside of leaves and consisting of short spreading hairs and small glands, very rarely the plant almost glabrous or covered with isolated small glands; stem (15) 20—50 (65) cm high, often violet proximally, with evenly spaced leaves; leaves 3—4-pinnate, petiolate or subsessile, with 1—4 cm exstipulate petioles, the blade broadly triangular, to 10—20cm long and about as broad; leaflets small, orbicular, rounded-ovate or obovate, sometimes slightly cordate, trilobate, with ovate entire and obtusely 2—3-dentate lobes, the leaflets 2—15mm broad; flowers small, often nutant, in a loose panicle; pedicels 0.5—3 (4)cm; perianth segments 4—5, ovate, 3—4 mm long, 1—2 mm broad, violet; stamens numerous, 2.5—3 times as long as pistils; filaments slender, 3—5mm long; anthers yellow, linear, acuminate, 2—3mm long; pistils 8-12; ovary 1mm long, sessile; style 0.5—2 mm long; fruitlets sessile, ovoid or ovoid-oblong, flattened, 2—3.5mm long, 1.5—2.5mm broad, glandular-pubescent, longitudinally ribbed; beak ca. 1mm long, straight or slightly curved. June—July. (Plate XXXV, Figure 2). Gravelly slopes, bluffs, and rocks. — European part: V.-Kama (Urals); Caucasus: all regions; W. Siberia: Irt., Alt., Ob; E. Siberia: Ang. -Say., Dau.,.Lena-Kol.; Far East: Uss.; Centr, Asia: Dzu.-Tarb., T. 5Sh., Pam. -Al. (E.). Gen. distr.: W. Med., Centr. Eur., Bal.-As. Min., Arm.-Kurd. Iran., Dzu.-Kash., Mong., Tibet. Described from S. Europe. Type in London. 399 (B21) PLATE XXXV. 1—Thalictrum alpinum L.,a) flower, b) fruitlet; 2—T.foetidum L., leaf, a) branch with fruit; 3—T.aquilegifolium L., aggregate fruit, a) fruitlet; 4-T.contortum L., fruitlet; 5—T.petaloideum L., flower, a) fruitlet; 6—T.isopyroides C.A.M., part of stem with fruit; 7—T.baicalense Turcz., fruit and stamen; 8—T.sultanabadense Stapf. 398 p23 524 13. T.isopyroides C.A.M. in Ldb., Fl. Alt. II (1830) 346; Ldb., Fl. Rossii; 7; Boiss.,F1.)Or.. 1,96; Rgl.-in Bull., Soc. Nat. ‘Mosc.. XXXIV; 1 (1861) 29; Lecoyer in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. XXXIV (1885) 196; Kryl., Phy 4am) ere.0 V3 214. —leew" Ldb.gvic. !pl. Fis-Ross: IV;.tab:2397. Perennial; stem 15—40 (50) cm high, simple, rarely branched, glabrous and smooth, as is the entire plant; leaves exstipulate, glaucous-green, 3—4-pinnate, few (usually 2 or 3), crowded in lower part of stem, petiolate or subsessile, the blade broadly triangular or triangular in outline; leaflets small, smooth, ovate-lanceolate, dissected almost to base into 2—3 obtusely pointed entire lobes, 3—8 mm long, 0.75—3.5mm broad; inflorescence sparse, diffuse, the long (1.5cm) slender pedicels almost horizontal, elongating and becoming indurated;in the fruit, sometimes to 10cm; perianth segments 4, 1—3 mm long, (0.5) 1—1.5mm broad, oval, subobtuse or subobtusely pointed; stamens 5—8, greenish brown, 4—6mm long; filaments undilated; anthers linear, subacute, 1—2 mm long; pistils usually 3, rarely 2 or 4—6, one-third to half the length of the stamens; ovary 1mm long, sessile; style 0.5mm long; fruitlets sessile, oblong-ovoid, 3.5—5 mm long, 1.5mm broad, distinctly and obtusely ribbed (ribs 3 on each side, not counting the median ribs), beak very slightly curved, ca. 0.75mm long. May. (Plate XXXV, Figure 6). Rocks and gravelly taluses in the lower mountain zone. — Caucasus: S. and E. Transc.; W. Siberia: Irt., Alt. (S.); Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm., Pam. -Al., T. Sh., Dzu.-Tarb. Gen. distr.: Iran., Arm.-Kurd., E. Med., Ind.-Him. Described from S. Altai. Type in Leningrad. 14. T.squarrosum Steph. ex Willd., Sp. pl. 11(1799); DC., Syst. I, 177; Lecoyer in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. XXIV(1885) 198; Kom., Fl. Manchzh. i, t) 308.— Titrigynum Fisch. et DC. -Prodr. 1 (1824) 14; Ldb.; Fi.eoss.. 1,/11;, Turcz, Fl..baic..-dah. I, 35; Rgl. in Bulb. Soc.* Nat. Mosc. XXXIV, 1 (1861) 30.—T. trispermum Fisch. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot. (1841) 677.—T. oligospermum Fisch. ex Sweet, Hort. brit. (1827) 2:—Ie.: Rgljl.c., tab. Ill, fig. 4. Perennial, quite glabrous, rarely slightly glandular, 30—80 (100) cm high; root fibers grayish; leaves stipulate, crowded in middle part of stem, petiolate, 3—4-pinnatipartite, with narrow oblong segments; leaflets smooth, grayish green and dull, ovate, entire or obtusely 2—3-lobate at the apex and then obovate or broad-obovate, 3—10mm long, 4—7 mm broad, rarely to 20mm long and 10—12 mm broad; flowers in a very diffuse paniculate inflorescence, with long pedicels arising in groups of 2—3 (fruiting pedicels 3.5—6cm long); flowers small, the perianth segments 3—5mm long, 1—2 mm broad, elliptic, reddish or green; stamens 5—10; filaments slender, 3—5 mm; anthers 1—3 mm long, linear acuminate; pistils 1—3; ovary sessile; 2mm long; style 1mm long; fruitlets sessile, straight or slightly curved, oblong-obovoid, asymmetric (the ventral surface curved), slightly flattened, with numerous prominent ribs, tapering to base, 5-7 mm long, 2mm broad; beak very slightly curved, 1.5mm long. June—July. Dry stony slopes and rock fissures.—E. Siberia: Dau.; Far East: Ze.-Bu. Gen. distr.: Mong. Described from Siberia. Type in Berlin. 399 925 15. Timinus 13 Sp.) ply (i753) 546: Rel: in Bull; Sect Wat Mosc: XXXIV, I (1861) 31 p. p.; Lecoyer in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. XXIV (1885) 199:) Shmalet) (Fly, 1b; erase) Manichizin, liye SOO: keeyle i Ee Zenee Sib. V, 125: ikonal, Deekeaimichy) ally 155s * fear merce sino aa ies auct. fl. ross. —T. mucronatum Ldb., Fl. Ross. 1(1842) 8.—T. sibi- ricum Jidb., wes) 11, — Ti flav ovire ns *Ldbs 1. ¢., 133-2. appendae culatum C.A°M. in Ldb& PIL Alt. “1 (1830)'356.—2°k em ensie Eaaes, Fl. Hall. (1817) 94; Hultén, Fl. Kamtch. IL, 134.—T. kamtschaticum Nylander, Spicil. plant. Fenn. Cent. 11 (1846) 9.—T. adiantifolium Besser ex Eichw., Naturh. Skizze (1830) 182.—T. micropodum Kar. et Kir. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. XV (1842) 370.—T. agresté’ Kar s-er kar. c.n%p. 3%: = TS g loi filter win’ Edb?, (Pik Rosse (1s 842 mos a Mercier bourianumC.Ay Mitex Relea. eh ap.44.— 2 sib trite nm tie tomes (1753) 546, p. p.—T. viperinum Andrz. in Nouv. mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. (1832) 336.—T. chinense Freyn in OBZ (1901) 376.—Ic.; Rchb., Fl. Germ. fig. 4627—4630, 4632—4634; Kom. and Alis., Opred. rast. Dalinevost. key oplesl (0. —Ibxse Enciles) sHego norm. Non 23-2. Perennial, usually glabrous and smooth; stem 30—120 (150) cm high, erect, sometimes geniculate, with evenly spaced spreading leaves; root fibers gray; leaves exstipulate, rarely stipulate, petiolate (only upper leaves sessile), 3—4-pinnate, broadly triangular in general outline, 7—30cm long and as broad; in the steppe and forest-steppe race (T. collinum Wallr., Sched. crit. d. Plant. Fl. Hal. (1822) 259), leaflets coriaceous suborbicular, rounded-ovate, or rounded-obovate [in outline], basally rounded, distally obtusely tridentate or trilobate, with 2—3-dentate lobes, small, to 1.5cm long and as broad, with a network of very prominent veins beneath, margins very slightly convolute; in the meadow-forest Siberian variety (T. sibiricum L. p.p.; T. kemense Fries) leaflets coriaceous, larger —averaging ca. 2.5—3cm long and ca. 2cm broad, sometimes more than 4cm long and as broad — rounded-obovate or obovate, basally rounded, distally usually coarsely tridentate, green, but slightly duller beneath and with a rather inconspicuous network of veins; the variety growing in the forest part of the Ural area and East Siberia (T. globiflorum Lab.) leaflets very thin, delicate, membranous, obovate or ovate, rounded-cuneate, distally coarsely trilobate or tridentate, green above, glaucous with inconspicuous network of veins beneath, 2—3.5cm long, 1.2—2 cm broad; in several varieties (T. ledebourianum C.A.M) smallish leaflets distinctly cuneate; flowers usually nutant, in an oval or pyramidal many- flowered panicle, greenish-reddish; pedicels 5—10 (20)mm; perianth segments 3—4 mm long, 1.5—2 mm broad, ovate; stamens 10—15, pendent, 7—8 mm long, with slender filaments; anthers linear, obtuse or subacute; pistils 5—8; ovary 1mm long, sessile; fruitlets 2.5—4mm long, 1—2 mm broad, sessile, ovoid or ovoid- ellipsoid, distinctly oblong- ribbed, beak straight, ca. 0.75—1 mm long. June—July. Steppe meadows, meadow steppe zone, shrub thickets, forest margins, and forest meadows. — European part: all regions; Caucasus: all regions; Centr. Asia: all mountainous regions; W. and E. Siberia; Far East. Gen. distr.: Europe (except N. Scand.), Bal.-As. Min., Arm. -Kurd., Iran., Ind.-Him., Mong., Dzu.-Kash., Jap.7Ch., N. Am. Described from N. Europe. Type in London. 400 526 Note. A collective species composed of many independent ecological and morphological variants, which, however, are not clearly distinguished and do not represent distinct taxonomic entities. In the USSR there occur three rather clearly separated types: T. collinum Wallr. (European part of the USSR, southern part of W. Siberia, Central Asia(N.), Caucasus), T. sibiricum L.p.p. (E. Lapland, NE of the European part, Siberia, Altai), and T. globiflorum Ldb. (Urals, NE of the European part, E. Siberia). True T. minus L., sensu strictu, is native only to the coasi of southern Scandinavia; it is distinguished by its very small growth characteristically arcuately spreading leaves with small leaflets and few large achenes. 16. T.podolicum Lecoyer in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. XXIV (1885) 173. — rea hiccoyer,/1)°c.,) tab. IV; fig. 2. Perennial; stem 50— 70cm high, simple, glabrous, sulcate; leaves stipulate (at insertion of petiole), petiolate or subsessile, 2—3-pinnate; leaflets small, 10—15 mm long, 2—7 mm broad, oblong, elliptic, or obovate, rounded or cuneate, distally 3—5-dentate with cuspidate or subobtuse teeth; rarely the leaflets entire; rufous veins prominent beneath, covered with aciculate hairs; inflorescence pyramidal, divaricate, few-flowered; pedicels 5-10 mm with linear bracteoles; flowers small, greenish; perianth segments 4, ovate, 2mm long, 0.5—0.75 mm broad, dentate; stamens 10—15, the filaments yellowish, 2—4 mm long, distally dilated, thicker than anthers; anthers 1—1.5mm long, elliptic, obtuse; pistils 4—7; ovary sessile, 1mm long; style terminal, 1 mm long; fruitlets sessile, 2—3 mm long, 1 mm broad, subfusiform, oblong- ribbed, straight or slightly concave along dorsal line, convex along ventral line, with a persistent beak. June—July. European part: M. Dnp. Endemic. Described from Podolia. Type in Berlin. Note. Avery enigmatic species, discovered by Hochstetter, who failed to report the exact locality and conditions of growth, and believed by Pachovskii to be endemic to Podolia. Specimens in the Berlin Botanical Gardens. ivo*) simplex. Mant. 1(1767)) 96+ ldb:, .F1. ARoss..i4,..10;. Turez., Pi. osc dah) 1 /32;Rgel. in, Ball) Sec. Nat. Mose... XXX1V,: 1 .(1:8:61)).50; Lecoyer in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. XXIX (1885) 204; Boiss., Fl. Or. L os oneal ge wat l- 1, b> Kom, 11... Manehzh. IL; 1,312; Kryl.,;Rl. Zap. abs Vlei o dd. 2a push if Ohim i) Sp. pl. (4753) 546,..p. pam T. exaieata mec. A. Min iudb:, .F1.,Alt.. 1-(1830).352.—7...aunienulatum Besser ex Eichw., Naturh. Skizze v. Lith. (1830) 182.—T. affine, Tost rico) et Ti,Simp) ex, Ldb.», Fle Ross. 1(1842),10.—T,,con- fertiftiiorau-m* Fisch: et Mey. ex Lecoyer, 1. c.;,261.—T: pauciflorum Steph.'ex Lecoyer, l.c., p. 302 (nomen).—T. heterophyllum Turcz., e.g eee Ic.%.{Isdb.,, dc...pl..K1.. Ross.4(t.(498; Fl Dan.)-t., 2445 Kom. and -Alis:, Opred. rast. Dal'nevost. kr., 169.—Exs.: HFR No. 1152. Perennial; stem simple, erect, 60—100 (120) cm high, glabrous —as is the entire plant — with more or less appressed leaves (rarely lower leaves spreading); leaves petiolate with petioles 2—7cm long, or the upper leaves sessile, lower leaves larger, oblong-triangular or oblong in outline, bipinnate, their lateral primary lobes much shorter than the middle lobe; 401 527 leaflets 1—4 cm long, 0.5—2 cm broad, sessile or subsessile, cuneate- oblong or oblong-obovate or (in upper leaves) linear-lanceolate, cuneate or rounded, apically trilobate or coarsely tridentate or else entire; inflorescence narrow, oblong, 10—50 cm long, 4-13 cm broad, more or less flattened; flowers small, purple; pedicels 3—10 (12)mm; perianth segments 4, greenish or purple, oval, 2—4mm long; stamens 11—15, pendent, with slender filaments; anthers 2—3 mm long, produced into a small sharp point; pistils G2; ovary sessile, 1mm long; fruitlets sessile, 2—2.5mm long, 0.75—1 mm broad, glabrous, ovoid or oblong-ovoid, convex laterally, with 6 longitudinal ribs, produced into a persistent, proximally sagittate stigma. June — July. Shrub thickets, forest margins, young birch outliers. — European part: all regions; Caucasus; Siberia (except the Arctic part); ‘Har Pasime4en ast. Usst: (Centr: Asian (Ozue- tare. 9s sha) Par, a iGers. distr.: Europe, Bal. =As. Min., Dzu.-Kash., Mong., Jap.-Ch. ‘Described from iuxepe-: Type in London. Peer DT, flavunn 1) Sp) ple (753) 546." UdbY UPL Rosse aby s undemee Pl. ‘baie! dah. i 34-9 ne be inBulle Soe.” Nat Moser Ceanimal (1861) 60; Boiss., Fl. Or. I, 9; Lecoyer in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. XXIV (1885) 208; Shmal'e:) FI 1, 6: Kom.,’ Fi Manchzh. Tj; 393, %Kryl rae aroies Vii2iel nie rieanc wae. i Austra, (L778) t421. =F ‘c'o mind = tatum CSA.M. in Ldb. Flv Alt) I (1830)"356"Turezs, (Hi batcsdakaeae 33.=T rufinerve Wey, et Court., Comp: Hil Belg: i (0831) 207! Sider Ml “Ross? 4, 12. — it eollawcovire ns Andra. "exiliecoyen, i. CES One emia nomen.—T. amurense Maxim., Prim. Fl. Amur. (1859) 15, p. p.— les Rehbs Wel" FI “Germ. tab. (469 £:° 4639" Mecoyer, We, valle. Wier anata Exs.: Fl. exs. austr.-hung. No. 2554. Perennial; root fibers yellowish; stem tall, 60—150 (200) cm, erect, sulcate, glabrous; leaves spreading evenly spaced along stem, the lower leaves stipulate (at insertion of petiole), rarely exstipulate petiolate, tripinnate, triangular in general outline, 10—20cm long, 7—15 cm broad; leaflets largish, 2—5cm long, 1—3 cm broad, obovate, petiolate or sessile, rounded- cuneate, distally trilobate or tridentate, the lobes acuminate or obtuse,usually entire, dull above, paler beneath; leaflets of upper leaves narrower; flowers with short (2—10 mm) pedicels, crowded in small groups at the tips of branches of the inflorescence, forming a rather compact, usually small, and often subcorymbose panicle; perianth segments (4), whitish, ovate, 2.5—4.5mm long, 1—2 mm broad; stamens 12—20, yellow, erect, the filaments slender, 2—4 mm long, the anthers 1.5—2 mm long, linear, obtuse or subobtuse; pistils 7-15; ovary 1mm long, sessile; style 0.5—0.75mm long; fruitlets sessile, 2—3.5mm long, 1—1.5mm broad, ovoid, with 6 lateral ribs and with an almost straight beak,ca. 1mm long. June — July. Shrub thickets on banks of rivers and streams, deciduous reparian forest strips, and boggy meadows with shrubs.—Arctic: Arc. Eur.; European’ - part: all regions; Caucasus: Cisc., W. and E. Transc.; W. Siberia: all regions; E. Siberia: Ang.-Say., Lena-Kol.; Far East: Ze.-Bu., Uss.; Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb. Gen. distr.: Europe (except the southernmost part). Described from N. Europe. Type in London. 402 528 19. T.angustifolium L., Sp. pl. ed. 1 (1753) 541 p. p.; Jacq., Hort. Vind. 11 (1778) 25, tab. 43 (excl. syn.); Ldb., Fl. Ross. 1 (1842) 12: Rg. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXIV (1861) 59; Lecoyer in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. XXIV (1885) 206; Shmal'g., Fl. 1(1895) 6.—T. divergens Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. II (1833) 92, p. p.—T. microcarpum Loudon, An Encyc. of Plants (1829) 647.—T. nigricans DC., Syst. 1(1818) 182 (excl. syn.).—Ic.: Rehb., Ic. Fl. Germ. t. XL, XLI (4634 et 4637); Lecoyer, iegitabi.9;; fig.n62.—Exst: AFR, No:,..13523..F1: »polon..iexs.. No. 702. Perennial; rootstock not creeping, the roots yellowish; stem 50—150cm high, erect, usually simple; leaves 2—3-pinnate, sessile or short-petioled; leaflets linear or oblong, 10—50 mm long, 1—10 mm broad, sessile, rarely petiolate, cuneate, entire, rarely trilobate or tridentate, with convolute margins, the upper surface glabrous, darker, lustrous, the lower surface glaucescent-green, usually with a slight short pubescence or glandular; inflorescence dense, ovoid, oblong, or pyramidal, many-flowered; perianth segments 4, 2mm long, 1 mm broad, ovate, pale yellow, as are the filaments; pedicels 1—5mm long; stamens 10—15, the filaments not dilated, 2—4mm long; anthers linear, 1 mm long, obtuse or subobtuse; pistils 10—15; ovary 0.5— mm long, sessile; style 0.25mm long; fruitlets small, 1—2.5 mm long, 1—1.25 mm broad, sessile, ovoid, with longitudinal ribs, beak small, almost straight, 0.25mm long. June—July. Damp meadows with shrubs on peaty soil. — European part: Lad. -Ilm., U.V., U. Dnp., Kar.-Lap. (rare in S. part), Dv.-Pech. (rare in SW part), V.-Don, Bl., L. Don (N.), V.-Kama(W.). Gen. distr.: Scand. (S.), Centr. Eur., W. Med., Bal.-As. Min. Described from Germany. Type in London. Genus 540. ADONIS* L.** L., Gen. pl. (1737) 166.-Chrysocyathus Falconer in Royle III. I (1839) introd. XXV. Flowers single, at tips of stems and branches; the outer perianth segments with 5—8, the inner with 5—24 lobes, without nectariferous glands; pistils numerous; receptacle oblong or cylindric; ovary with 1 ovule; achenes rugose, with a straight or recurved beak. Annual and perennial herbs with simple or branched stems and pinnately or palmately repeatedly divided leaves with narrow lobes. i. Perenniaie: iruitlets almost always pubescent .«.....: 5.562866 re % SSE SS Sar ncM RENO ls bce ey Oe, ec. ee a 9. no loomier (caulimedeaveslone=- petioledsin) py. ucios ie ay siiwe ss eles - Se +: PUL tenn cee deter. ai tht it e.. wade tia Sebastes) Se. er liars pees) bays oats lia ¢ 4. 3. ARIPO ES MAE SE CIT oc ca luc day ae Syne apa be 5. A.amurensis Rgl. et Radde A Higetiets plavrous swith involte beakdb,! «6 :.claS eveldidia J. . i. HH Oke AD. wsoiwt -aiandaqe.s 6. A.chrysocyathus Hook.f. et Th. 4. Peavey Sra OCT x we oo OM oe ted. bad 2 coy » ad Lees Save,. Peer nls ete Bi a Peemce Palma iSee in hon ts. O0L xe 2 oes. Brkasih oo 6 benek 02 - bos 8. * From the name of Adonis, who, according to legend, was transformed into a bloodred flower. ** Treatment by E.G.Bobrov. 403 a29 530 5. Stems, leaves, and sepals glabrous; flowers 4—6cm in diameter. . 2 RSS AT, 8 ES eR acne ctrl Sn A ROME A de A. sibiricus Patr. 1 Entire upper part of plant more or less pubescent............ 6. GE Stems and leaves densely hairy, especially when young; sepals acuminate: fruitlers: slightly rusuloses {oe heal. 2. A.villosus Ldb. 5 Entire upper part of plant unevenly and remotely covered with crisp hairs: sepals! ovalsfruitiets distinetly rugullose 9. ....2 2. ieee Te =) Plant spreading; stems and branches sometimes almost prostrate; gent lOoeS lkimeeOllates wlowrers! 35D—] Cian Win Cligianereie, 2s ee ee ke ap bila else Ore NE de nee Re a eR eh: 3. A.tianschanicus (Adolf) Lipschitz. a Plant not spreading, branches slightly spreading; leaf lobes lanceolate=lnnears) flowers 4——6 eros diltamleverc a). aaa) ye) leanne EMAT Mee ee Eater ay Clg uC ae eS ete 4, A.turkestanicus (Korsh.) Adolf. 8. Leaf lobes linear, glabrous; beak of fruitlets hamately recurved... LE ES Oe ES Oe EE GRU eae! BA, SEI eh aR ae eee SNe 7. A.vernalis L. 1 Leaf lobes linear-lanceolate, pubescent; beak of fruitlets reflexed, APP RES SECT HR A rcQlFd. atk TN he ge PeS LR Be 0 SIRES ARS | BUT ro ok 8. A. wolgensis Stev. 9). Sepals always glabrous, divergent from petals or even recurved; PruAtletsh with cosciimMadetOObin | ei. o2 gear. 11. A.autumnalis L. + Sepals pubescent or glabrous, appressed to petals ........... 10. 1@, Sepals glabrous, rarely hairy beneath; fruitlets with 2 or 3 teeth; béalemnottuien inp Glatt. rth A ies At PU aN ae Oe as 9. A.aestivalis L. + Sepals always hairy; fruitlets with one tooth at upper margin; beak turning wolacledistadlly. selmi 5 ir. Mtemeat aie. epcmcane 10. A. flammeus Jacq. Section 1. CONSILIGO DC., Syst. Nat. 1 (1818) 224.— Perennial rhizomatous plants; flowers large; petals 8—24; stamens up to 30; aggregate fruit globose-ovoid; fruitlets pubescent, rarely glabrous, with bent or recurved beak (style). Economic importance. Species of this section contain considerable amounts of adonidin and have wide application in treatment of heart diseases. Though only A. vernalis is officially the accepted in the pharmacopeia, there are grounds for supposing that other species have very similar effects. In popular medicine the green parts, as well as the rootstock of Adonis, are used against many illnesses; the latter is also used as the source of a yellow dye. Annual species (section Adonia), as well as perennial species, are poisonous and are avoided by livestock. Series 1. Apennini Bobr.— Leaves sessile, pinnatisect. Plants of open woods, forest margins, mountain steppes, and the subalpine zone. 1. A.sibiricus Patr. ex Ldb., Suppl. Il Ind. Sem. Horti Dorpat. 1824; Keyl, lk Zapsolby Wael e23.— Aap 6 ninatnay Aucezs aE lk Barc Giavhvele 44 non L.—A. vernalis jy sibiraea, DCs, Syste i(Ush8)i225-(sP rods! (1824). 25.—Ac irecutiana Fisch. ex.DC., Prodrive Atta pie mna ma Vere Sibir ca. Jd. At. e329) 341 SE Ross al. )25e—— An diagnnmmarmerc! jadbbs ‘excsRichbs. siconie Pe nGerms tabres2 kn wire 7. sbi loaie. acleliemals Anal clioeiuambiaehonvehen IDeylanbiioiiec: AUcles, iil Usosc NG, vA. aioeinm lim 2 subsp. Sibirica Korsh,, Pl. Vost.,Bvr. Ross. (le92) 77. — terion Icon. bot. IV (1826) 322.— Vernacular name: starodubka. 404 531 Perennial; root stock, stout, short; stems at beginning of flowering 20—30cm, subsequently to 60cm high, smooth, simple or with short slightly spreading branches; radical and lower cauline leaves squamiform, the cauline leaves sessile, large, 2—3-pinnatipartite, oval or triangular in outline, the lobes lanceolate, sometimes dentate, to 10mm long, 1.5mm broad, glabrous; flowers large, 4—6cm in diameter, intensely yellow (somewhat paler when dry); sepals yellowish-greenish, glabrous, orbicular or rounded- ovate, tapering distally, 10—15 mm long, 8—10mm broad; petals obovate or orbicular, overlapping, 20—30 mm long, 10—15mm broad; fruitlets remotely short- pubescent, ca. 4.5mm long, 4mm broad, with a short recurved style. Fl. end of May and in June, fr. June— July. Forest margins, open forests, rarely dry-valley meadows adjacent to forests. — European part: in the east.— Dv.-Pech. and V.-Kama (Urals); W. Siberia: U. Tob., Ob (south of Tobol'sk), Irt., Alt.; E. Siberia: Yenis. (extreme south), Lena- Kol. (in the north—vicinity of Yakutsk), Ang. -Say., Dau. (in the east—Nerchinskii Zavod); Centr. Asia: Dzu. - Tarb. (Tarbagatai). Gen. distr.: Mong. Described from Altai. Note. A. dahurica, first described by Ledebour and subsequently accepted by Turchaninovy, is distinguished by narrower petals. It seems tobe the only species native to the dry open habitats of Transbaikalia. 2. A.villosus Ldb., Suppl. I] Ind. sem. H. Dorp. (1824) sine pag.; for ieee 11 (1830) 340; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 25: Kryl., Fl Ait.1 (1908) 17.—A. wolgensis var. villosa Trautv., Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXII, 1 (1860) 63; Rgl. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosq. XXXIV (1861) 35; ho Piezep. sib.aV, 1222, p. p.— A. chae rophyita’ Fisch: sin sehed J= 1G.-" Bdb!,> Ic. pl? ‘Pi. \Ross., tab. ‘P19: Perennial; rootstock short, brownish; stems usually solitary, densely hairy, 5—15cm at beginning of flowering, subsequently to 30cm high, with remote hairs, with spreading branches, the stems covered proximally with squamiform brownish leaves; cauline leaves oval in outline, bipinnate, their lobes broad-lanceolate or elliptic, acuminate; young leaves densely hairy, especially beneath; flowers 2—4 (5)cm in diameter; calyx lobes lilac, elliptic, acuminate, pubescent, scarecely half the length of the petals; petals oblong, narrow, somewhat tapering distally, entire or slightly dentate, pale yellow, 1—1.5cm long, 0.5—1 cm broad; fruiting heads on hairy peduncle, globose or ovoid, often nutant; fruitlets 3—4 mm long, oval, hairy, inconspicuously rugulose, with a hamately recurved beak (style). FI. May — June, fr. June. Mountain steppes, rarely at the edges of birch outliers.— W. Siberia: Alt. (SW— Barnaul, Kulunda, Zmeinogorsk, Kuznetsk, Riddersk, Loktevsk); Centr. Asia: Balkh. (E. — Kokbekty, between Semipalatinsk and Ayaguz). Gen. distr.: possibly occurring in the Mongolian Altai. Described from Riddersk. Type in Leningrad. ’ 3. A.tianschanicus (Adolf) Lipschitz, comb. nova.—A.turkestanica var. tianschanica Adolf in Bull. of Appl. Bot. 23 (1930) 328.— A.vernalis pinnatifida Rgl. et Herd., Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosq. XXXVII (1864) 394. — 405 532 Perennial; rootstock dark grayish brown, vertical; stems 3—5 or stem branched from base, thus the entire plant appearing many-stemmed, the lateral stems (or branches) spreading or almost prostrate, young stems ca. 10cm high, densely crips-hairy, subsequently to 40cm high, with scattered hairs or glabrate, with squamiform leaves at very base of stems; cauline leaves oblong-oval in outline, bipinnatipartite with lanceolate lobes, entire or incised, the young leaves densely crisp-hairy, the old leaves remotely hairy; flowers 3—5 per plant, pale yellow, 3.5—5cm in diameter; sepals oval, scarcely half the length of the petals, hairy proximally; petals lanceolate, 3—8 mm broad, 1.5—2.5cm long, irregularly dentate; fruiting heads nutant; fruitlets 3—4 mm long, distinctly rugulose, remotely hairy, with a small hamately recurved beak. Fl. May,fr. June. Mountain steppes. —Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (central part). Gen. distr.: Chinese Tien Shan (?). Described from the Dzharkent [Panfilov] District. Type in Leningrad. Note. Very closely related to the neighboring species; it is distinguished from A. villosus by its diffusely branched, sometimes almost prostrate stems, which are not solitary, and by the distinctly rugose achenes; moreover, the entire plant is less densely hairy and has a more xerophilous aspect; it is distinguished from A. turkestanicus by the Spreading stems, the more dissected leaves with lanceolate lobes, and the smaller flowers. 4. A.turkestanicus (Korsh.) Adolf in Bull. of Appl. Bot. 23, I (1930) 327.—Ae apiennina var. tuwrkestanica, Korshian Bulldem Acad St. Pétersb. IX (1898) 400. Perennial; rootstock long, vertical; stems hairy, 10—20cm high at beginning of flowering, subsequently to 60cm high, glabrate or irregularly and remotely crisp-hairy, with slightly spreading branches; the lower part of stem covered with grayish brown entire scales; middle cauline leaves oval in outline, dissected into lanceolate, sometimes almost lance-linear acuminate lobes, irregularly arachnoid along the veins beneath— mainly in lower part of stem in specimens growing in rather xerophytic habitats, flowers 4—6cm in diameter, intensely yellow, turning paler or slightly bluish on drying; sepals half the length of the petals, with a short pubescence beneath; petals 2—3cm long, 8-12 mm broad, sometimes unequally dentate; fruit stalk covered with leaves almost to the apex; aggregate fruit globose; fruitlets ca. 4mm long, 3 mm broad, distinctly rugulose, short-pubescent, with a short hamately recurved beak. FI. May — June, fr. June—July. (Plate XXXVI, Figure 4, a). Abundant in mesophilic habitats in the subalpine zone. —Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. Gen. distr.: Kuldja. Described from Darvaz (Tal'bar). Type in Leningrad. Series 2. Petiolati Bobr.— Leaves long-petioled, pinnatisect. 5. A.amurensis Rgl. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXIII, 1 (1861) 35; Kom.,; Fl. Mansh. U0, 315.—A. apennina var. dahurica Maxim., Prim. Fl. Amur. (1859) 19, non Ldb.—A. Barthei Franch., Les Adonis 406 (533) PLATE XXXVI. 1—Adonis chrysocyathus Hook. f. et Th., la) fruitlet; 2—A.vernalis L., part of leaf, 2a) fruitlet; 3—A.wolgensis Stev., part of leaf, 3a) fruitlet; 4—A.turkestanicus (Korsh.) Adolf, 4a) fruitlet. 407 ai) viv. (1894) 95 lew) Rela iver stab il: Kona.) andealice s Ouredapneacr Dal'nevost. kr. 1 (1931) tab. 171,172. —Exs.: HFR No. 1903. Perennial; rootstock short, stout; stems 5—15cm at beginning of flowering, subsequently to 30—40 cm high, simple or slightly branched proximally, aphyllous proximally and covered with scarious light brown scales to 2.5cm long, the upper scales sometimes bearing blades of small leaflets; middle cauline leaves fully developed after flowering, with long branching petioles, pinnatisect, with lanceolate dentate slightly pubescent or glabrate lobes; sepals glabrous or slightly pubescent, pale lilac, as long as or slightly longer than petals; petals yellow, oblong-elliptic, obtuse, 12—23 mm long, 3-8 mm broad; fruitlets pubescent, 4-5 mm long, 3—3.5mm broad, with an appressed hamately curved beak. Fl. March—April, fr. May. Damp richhumous soil in shrub thickets and forest margins. — Far East: Ze.-Bu., Uda, Uss., Sakh. Gen. distr.: Manchuria, Korea, N. Japan. Described from the lower Amur (Kulgu and Keurmi).* Type in Leningrad. 6. A.chrysocyathus Hook. f. et Th. in Hook., Fl. Brit. Ind. I (1875) 15. — Aq py © 'ena,ic al Hook: £) et Th. Fl. indiale(1855) 26; 7nonseGa— A. margaritae A. Butkov in Bull. Univers. As. Centr. 19 (1934) 117.—Ic.: Coventry, Wild Flowers of Kashmir I (1923) 9, tab. V. Perennial; rootstock long, vertical; stems 12—40cm high (elongating after flowering), usually erect, sometimes inclined distally, simple, with leaves in upper part, proximally reddish brown with squamiform leaves; lower cauline leaves (2—5), their long petioles 2—3 times as long as the blade, sometimes almost reaching the level of the stem tip; upper cauline leaves sessile; leaf blade tripinnatifid, the lobes oval- rhombic or sublanceolate, cuneate, acuminate; young leaflets remotely crisp-hairy beneath; flowers single, borne on a short pubescent peduncle; outer perianth segments (6—8) lilac, oval, hairy on the outside, unequally dentate apically, 12—15 mm long; inner perianth segments (16—24) golden yellow, 25—27 mm long, 5-8 mm broad, oblanceolate, obtuse; fruiting head globose, ca. 10mm in diameter; fruitlets 5—7 mm long, glabrous, with a long involute beak. Fl. May—June, fr. August. (Plate XXXVI, Figure 1, a). Areas with sparse soil in the alpine zone, grass plots, and patches of snow.—Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (Frunze and Naryn districts). Gen. distr.: Kashmir, W. Tibet. Described from Kashmir. Note. This species is included in the series Petiolati merely on the basis of a formal character — i.e., lower leaves long-petioled —and it is only very tentatively brought into relation with A. amurensis. Both species show distinct connections with several Tibetan-Chinese species which have not yet been accurately studied: they probably belong to different series. Series 3. Vernales Bobr. — Leaves sessile, palmatisect. Plants of lowland steppe and forest-steppe. * Mainly on the basis of the rich collections of Radde from the Bureya Mountains.— V.K. 408 /536 537 7. A.vernalis L., Sp. pl. (1753) 547; Ldb., Fl. Ross. IL 24; Shmal'g., Pioky tis eisryl. ohh Zaps Sib. V,1220.—Ic.: Rehb., Ic..jF1. Germ... Ill, tab. 24.—Exs.: HFR No. 701; Fl. Cauc. exs. No.358; Herb. Fl. Cauc. WoO.” 357. Perennial; rootstock short, stout, brownish black; stems 3 or 4, 5—20cm at beginning of flowering, elongating to 40cm after flowering, smooth, erect or slightly spreading, usually with few appressed branches, proximally brownish, covered with grayish brown leaf scales; cauline leaves sessile, oval in outline, dissected into lobes, the lower ones palmatipartite, the upper bipalmately parted, with linear, entire, 1—2 cm long, 0.5—1 mm broad, lobes, rigidulous after flowering; flowers yellow, 4—5.5cm in diameter; sepals ovate, obtuse, greenish, finely pubescent, 12—20 mm long, 12 mm broad; petals 12—20, oblong-elliptic, distally somewhat tapering and unequally crenulate, 15—34 mm long, 5—12 mm broad, fruiting heads oval, ca. 20 mm long, 12mm broad; fruitlets oval, 3.5—5.5 mm long, 3 mm broad, rugose, hairy, with a short hamately revolute beak. Fl. April, fr. May. (Plate XXXVI, Figure 2a). Edges of forest outliers and steppes in the forest-steppe zone. — European part: U.V. (Plavsk, Moscow Region), U. Dnp. (S.), V. -Don (Elets — Ranenburg — Sviyazhek — Sergach, in the north), V. -Kama (SE of the line Kazan—Kungur), Transv., M. Dnp., Bl., Crim., L. Don; Caucasus: Cisc.; W. Siberia: U. Tob. (south to Orsk), Ob (in the south— Tyumen, Tara, Tomsk, Achinsk), Irt. (in the north—Petropavlovsk, Omsk, Kainsk), Alt. (N.); E. Siberia: Ang. -Say. (Krasnoyarsk, Minusinsk), Lena- Kol. (on the Lena, 130km below Olekminsk, near Chekurskaya). Gen. distr.: Alt., Centr., and S. Europe. Described from Germany. Type in London. 8. A.wolgensis Stev. in DC., Syst. 1(1818) 245; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 24, oumals., Fi. 7, 12.—A. marschalliana Andrz. ex Besser, Enumer. pl. (1822) 22 No. 673.—Exs.: HFR No. 651. Perennial; rootstock short, stout, brownish black; stems few, 15—30cm high, diffusely branched from the middle, brownish proximally with brownish squamiform leaves; young leaves and stems densely pubescent, becoming remotely hairy after flowering; leaves strongly dissected into lobes, their lobules broader than in A. vernalis, revolute-margined; flowers pale yellow, 3.5—4.5cm in diameter; sepals more than half the length of the petals, slightly pubescent, lilac; petals 17-22 mm long, 6—7 mm broad; aggregate fruit globose, the achenes obscurely rugulose or nearly smooth, hairy, ca. 4mm long, the beak recurved, more or less tightly appressed to the achene. Fl. end of April, fr. May. (Plate XXXVI, Figure 3, a). Steppes, especially in the subzone of dry steppes, rarely in forest grass plots and forest margins. — European part: M. Dnp., V.-Don(S.), Transv. (except N.), Bl., Crim., L. Don, L.V.; Caucasus: -Tal.; W. Siberia: U. Tob., Irt.; Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp. (extreme north). Gen. distr.: Hungary, Arm. -Kurd. (Kagyzman). Described from the Lower Volga. Type in Helsinki. Note. A hybrid between this and the preceding species is described from Transylvania; it is highly probable that [such] hybrids also occur in the USSR. 409 538 Section 2. ADONIA DC., Syst. 1(1818) 221.—Adonis annua Mill. ex Trautv. in A.H.P. VIII (1883) 37. — Annuals with fusiform few-branched roots; flowers 1.5—3.5cm in diameter; petals 5—10; stamens up to 20; fruitle fruitlets glabrous with an erect beak (style). Economic importance. This section comprises innocuous weeds. A. aestivalis yields the glucoside adonin but the adonin obtained from the perennial species is 200 times more effective. 9. //A..aestivalis {0 Sp.) pli ‘ed. 14(1762) 771; Ldb.j. Fly Rossialas; Shmal's), hl: 1,11.— A miniata Jacq 5, Plo Austrs1V (1776) 29: Trautv: in A. Ho P. Vill (1883) 37; =A. micrantha DC. ex Trautvs, Wc) —Abcamian — 9 rosa Stev. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosq. II (1848) 272; Trautv. l.c.— A. parviflora Fisch. in DC.) Prodr. 1(1824) 24; Grossg., Fl Kavkeeul (1930) 123.—A. aestivalis var. parviflora M.B., Fl. taur.-cauc. Ill (Ue19) S78 Tdb., Bie Ross 123: "Kryl.. Fis Zap. sib Vs L220 A aestivalis ssp. parvislora)N. Busch Hl) Cauc exit aiitite (1903) 201. —'Ie.:, Jaeq.; lic., tab: 354; Rehb., le. Pl. Germ. tig. 2619s ease H. F.A.M. No. 150, a,b; Fl. Boh. et Morav. No. 339. Annual, 10—50cm high; stem erect, simple or branched, sulcate, glabrous, | rarely hairy proximally (var.velutinus Lipsky); leaves sessile, the lower leaves petiolate, ovate, 2—3-sect into linear lobes; flowers in upper part of stem, 13—30 cm [sic! ] in diameter (in var. parviflorus (Fisch.) M.B. the flowers 13—15cm [sic! ]); sepals flat, ovate, glabrous, rarely hairy beneath (var.velutinus Lipsky); petals appressed to and almost twice as long as sepals, lanceolate or ovate, yellow to intense red, with black basal patches; fruitlets in a dense oblong head, rugose-alveolate, drawn out into a straight uniformly colored beak, with a more or less distinct pectinate-dentate border from above base, 1 subacute tooth below, 2 small teeth above. April— June. A weed in fields, also occurring in solonetzic meadows, in the shade of rocks and shrubs, and in mountains up to 2,000m.—European part: M. Dnp. (SW), Bl., Crim., L. Don(S.), L.V. (S., and Khvalynsk in the north), Transv. (Orenburg); Caucasus: all regions; W. Siberia: southern parts of U. Tob., Irt., and Alt.; Centr. Asia: all regions except desert and high-mountain regions. Gen. distr.: Atl. and Centr. Eur., Med., Bal. -As. Min.; Arm. -=Kurd., Iran. Described from 5. Hurope. Type in the Linnaean Herbarium. Note. Russian botanists have recently succeeded in separating A, parviflorus, reported from Lake Inder; it is distinguished from the type by small flowers, unbranched stem, and the inconspicuous upper tooth of the achene; all these characters are very indefinite, as they are usually characteristic not only for plants from the Caspian semidesert but also for specimens from semidesert and solonets areas of the Crimea, Transcaucasia, and the Lake Balkhash area, i.e., it is not distinct geographically. There are equally good grounds for separating* pubescent plants of eastern Transcaucasia and Dagestan, but these are also known from the vicinity of Tbilisi and from the Crimea as var. velutina Lipsky, in Flora Kavkaza [Flora of the Caucasus] (1899) 205, 564. * This has of late been done by A.Ya.Butkov, who described similar species from Turkmenia as A.bienertii Butk. Butkov reported that in collections made by Bogdanovich he has recognised A.persicus Boiss., a new species from the Atrek River, in southwest Turkmenia. Its most characteristic features are the very short fruitlets that scarcely reach a length of 1.75mm, beak included. 410 10. A.flammeus Jacq., Fl. Austr. IV (1776) 29.—A. caudata Stev. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosq. III (1848) 273; Trautv. in A.H.P., VIII (1883) 37.—A.dentata Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 24 (non Del.); Trautv. 1l.c.—Ic.: gaeq., loc. tab. 330; -Nchb., lc. Fil. Germ., 4620: —Exsi: Fl. Gall. et'Germ., de Billot No. 2003. Annual, 20—50cm high; stem erect, simple or branched, sulcate, pubescent; leaves amplexicaul, 3—4-palmatisect with linear lobes, more or less hairy; flowers 2—4cm in diameter, single; sepals appressed to petals, hairy on the outside, very rarely glabrate; petals 7—15 mm long, lanceolate or ovate, intense red, rarely yellow, black proximally; stamens dark violet; fruitlets in a cylindric more or less loose head, edentate dorsally, with a small obtuse distal tooth, drawn out into a terminally blackening beak. May— June. Mainly a weed in crop fields. — European part: M. Dnp., BIl., Crim.; Caucasus: Cisc., W. Transc. (NW), E. Transc. (Tbilisi, Akhaltsikhe, Barzhomi, Ganzha), Tal. Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur., Med., Bal.-As. Min. Described from Austria. iSerecautummalis L., Sp. pl. ed. Il (1762) 771; Ldbiy FI) Ross: ‘I, 23; ee A tt. —Ic.: Hegi, Fl. Hi, tab... Thi Rehb pic.” Pl 'Germ., tip. 462).\—Exs.:) FI. Gall. et'Germ, de Billot No. 1102; Pl» Hercegov., A. Callier No. 4. Annual, 25—40 (60) cm; stem erect, simple or slightly branched, sulcate, usually glabrous; the lower leaves petiolate, the upper sessile, all leaves palmatipartite, with linear entire or trifid lobes; flowers single, 15—25cm in diameter; calyx lobes glabrous, divergent from base or even recurved; petals 6—10, ovate, entire, together forming a hemispheric corolla, intense red, almost black proximally; stamens dark violet; fruitlets in an oblong- ovoid subcylindric head, its axis bearing the traces of loosely set achenes; achenes pyriform, rugose, uniformly colored, with a straight edentate beak. June — July. Parks and gardens; rarely penetrating crop fields. — European part: possible occurrence in M. Dnp. and Bl. Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur., Med. Described from S. Europe. Type in the Linnaean Herbarium. Note. Most records of this species by new authors should be referred to A. aestivalis; there are no fully substantiated records of A. autum- nalis for the western regions of the Ukraine. 539 Family LXIV. BERBERIDACEAE TORR. et GRAY* Flowers at summit of stem or in terminal or lateral inflorescences, perfect, with 2- or 3-merous envolopes; usually perianth of 2 envelopes, which are not always clearly set off as calyx and corolla, and 2 whorls of the androecium; between the perianth and the stamens there are sometimes 2 whorls of nectaries; stamens distinct; anthers usually opening by valves; ovary one, with one carpel; ovules numerous, rarely few or even Single, borne along ventral suture of ovary or atits base; albumen abundant; embryo straight, small. * Treatment by B.A.Fedchenko. 411 540 Perennial herbaceous plants, rarely shruys, sometimes reaching 5—6m in height. Leaves sometimes only radical, usually alternate. Stipules often quite undeveloped, with sheaths or as spines at the base of leaves; leaves simple, ternate or pinnatisect. Key to Genera ile Shrubs with entire, often serrate-dentate leaves, with tripartite or simple spines or stipules at base of leaves....... 047. Berberis L. + IBI@IC OS) Selo geo 6 Pidp See: Sys ah BRION eed A, OS SN 2 Meenas Ihariie Oe eines | ove ue . fe eS Jigos Leh aes + Leaves ternately or pinnately cided hhan iid 2, SERE BoP. 0h ee EB eee 4. Br Flowers in a paniculate inflorescence; stems 2-leaved......... 2 NE CTE, Bee hy CGR Ac ONE cs ees oan 542. Diphylleia L. C. Rich. + Flowers borne singly at tip of aphyllous peduncle; sepals 4, petals 8, SUAS TS MO yaya Maye ent ponent e ta me yt etre vee 541. Jeffersonia Barton. 4. (Petalstwith spurs). ii ATS oe. ak ak, ee ee ROS a pia eclnemaa ee ate Retalist withoutispurisyt ss lire kh. ihe eo eeed wreak eens eee en De De Plants with tubers; wall of ripe fruit ae inflated, ata. CBSA COCA Eye WAS BOS og a 2 6.6 sy Bi. ct Plants with horizontal rootstock; well ce vise Sune dois. ieaet in PTR UL TCA ys deb st 72 ee ek RN STE RE ON AS aes, Be a 046. Caulophyllum L. C. Rich. 6. Petals as large as or larger than sepals; leaves pinnatipartite sr RAT Lath yes ees Ree NS Rg How OE, Rue ee 2 545. Bongardia C. A. Mey. a: Petals much smaller than sepals; leaves ternate or almost pinnate ee Sa CA AS rie a ae Hae Meee SER ae Ea iat get Nee hao nee SBR ola See ee 544. Leontice L. Genus 541. JEFFERSONIA * BART. Bart. in Trans, Amer.Phil. Soc. III (1793) 334.-Plagiorhegma Maxim, Prim. Fl. Amur. (1859) 34, tab.II. Sepals 4, petaloid; petals 8, flat, somewhat larger than sepals; stamens 8, distinct; anthers opening by 2 apical valves; pistil one; style broadened distally into an almost bilobate stigma; ovules numerous, multiseriate, borne on the ventral suture; capsule coriaceous, opening by a subapical, horizontal or oblique aperture; seeds oblong or obovate, with a short aril; perennials with an underground rootstock; stem leafless, with a solitary terminal white flower; all leaves radical, venation palmate. Note. Thisdiagnosis of the Jeffersonia flower has been criticized by Hooker (Benth. et Hook. Gen. pl.), who considered the flower tetramerous, and by Prantl (Engl. and Prantl, Nat. Pflanznfam.), who speaks of 3—4- merous whorls of the perianth and 8 stamens; other authors definitely claim the flower to be trimerous. According to Schmidt (Beihefte zum Botan.. @entrallbl) 3. SV, 19295 11 Abt: yp. 3rd fit) the flower Jeffersonia does not show a whorled arrangement of its parts; Jeffersonia thus links the Berberidaceae and Ranunculaceae. * Named after President Jefferson of the United States. 412 ‘1. J. dubia (Maxim.) Benth. et Hook ex Baker et Moore in Journ. Linn. Soc. London XVII (1879) 377.—J. manchuriensis Hance in Journ. Bot. (1880) 258.—Plagiorhegma dubium Maxim. Prim. fl. Amur. (1859) 34; Nakai, Fl. Sylv. Kor. XXI, 64.—Ic.: Maxim., L.c., tab. II; mom i Avis. Opred. 1, Plate 173. Perennial, 10—40cm tall; rootstock short, horizontal, producing abundant roots and slender underground shoots, densely covered with very slender squamose leaflets with an amplexicaul base and an acute apex; all leaves radical, produced on rootstock in bunches subtended by two or more dry leaf sheaths, completely glabrous; petioles long, the blade suborbicular, up to 86cm in diameter, cordate, broadly notched at apex, margins irregularly angularly notched; flowers solitary on long pedicels (as long as leaves), sky-blue or blue, hermaphrodotic ca.25 mm indiameter; fruitdry, dehiscing by an oblique apical aperture; seeds elongated, punctulate. April— May. (Plate XXXVII, Figure 7). Shady and leafy mixed forests, singly or in small groups, on soil rich in humus, preserved in felled forests, and growing in shrubs, rarely in meadows.— Far East: Uss. Gen. distr.: Jap.-Ch.(Manchuria). Described from the lower reaches of the Amur River (near Pakhal). Type in Leningrad. Note. This species deserves to be studied for its alkaloids since the closely allied American species J. diphylla Pers. contains berberine and other as yet unknown alkaloids. 541 Genus 542. DIPHYLLEIA* L. C. RICH L.C.Rich. in Michx. Fl. bor-am. I (1803) 203. Inflorescence apical, subumbellate; flowers white; sepals 6, similar to petals; petals 6, barely larger than sepals, flat; stamens 6, distinct; anthers opening by two apical valves; pistil one; stigma orbicular, distally flattened; ovules few, biseriate; fruit berry-shaped, indehiscent; seeds oblong; perennial herbs with a horizontal rootstock; leaves peltate, 2 on stem, palmately-lobate, with palmate venation. 1. D.grayi Fr. Schmidt, Reisen im Amurl. (1868) 109, 218.— Dreymosa Gray, Jap. pl. (1859)380 nec Michx. Fl. bor.-amer. I (1803) 203.—Ic.: Miyoshi et Makino, Pocket Atlas. Alp. pl. Japan. II (1907) tab. 64, f. 369; Takeda in Tokyo Botan. Mag. XXIV (1910) 255. Perennial, 30—50 cm tall; stout, creeping rootstock producing numerous root fibers; at base of stem few, large, brown, scarious sheaths; stem with two alternate, petiolate leaves; leaves 20—25 cm long, peltate, broadly rounded-reniform, apically 2-lobed, with 7—9 branching main veins, pubescent below— mainly along veins, irregularly angularly dentate; teeth 10—12, triangular, some larger than others, smaller teeth arranged between the larger; inflorescence a subumbellate, 8—12-flowered corymb; peduncles pubescent, simple or branching; flowers white; fruit a blue berry; seeds 6—9, pyriform. June. (Plate XXXVII, Figure 13). 342 * From the Greek dio —two, and phyllon —leaf. 413 043 Damp, humus-rich valleys.— Far East: Sakh. Gen. distr.: Jap. (high mountain region of Central and Northern Japan). Described from Sakhalin (Arkovo, Due, Kussunai and elsewhere). Type in Leningrad. Genus 543. EPIMEDIUM * L. L. Gen pl. ed. V (1754) 53. Sepals 8, petaloid, colored; outer sepals smaller and not as brightly colored as the rest; petals 4, resembling nectaries, with spurs or miters arranged in decussate pairs; pistil one; stigma scarcely broadened; ovules numerous, biseriate along ventral suture; capsule siliquiform, bivalvular, the smaller dorsal valve deciduous in fruit thus leaving open the larger lower seed-bearing valve; seeds small, their sutures developed into arils; embryo slightly curved; perennial herbs with creeping rhizome; leaves mostly radical or 1 or 2 on a stem, blade simple or twice ternately dissected, lobules small-toothed. Ie) MAM leave stradical:- ss So 9882-94 WE CREP QR Be, ee es ee Dy. AF lor-2.cauline leaves present. 4 6... 30) Say See ee eee 4. 2. Inner sepals ovate, subrhombic; petals minute, orange, spur not more than! io miImnlong yy SaCCaves (uk. cary ae memes 1. E.pinnatum Fisch. ate Inner petals obovate, narrower than in necedine species; spurs 2 Ses OMG gil da aye cvidatrs, Sa Biri Tigo pe) gen they si9 eliaulele toes Ae aR er 3. 3. Flowers sulfur-yellow; miters brown . 2. E.colchicum (Boiss.)Trautv. ats Flowers bright yellow; all petals, bright yellow, with spirally Pe hleme dh aPC Melamine cereale vs ieeneine 3. E.circinnatocucullatum D. Sosn. 4. Spur longer than sepals, ca.2 cm long; lobes of fully-developed leaves targeyscarious, glabrous. (a0) teas cas o. E.koreanum Nakai 15 Spur much shorter than sepals; lobes of fully-developed leaves larse-pubescenbibeneathes:.,. since a oe 4. E.pubigerum Morr. et Decn. Subgenus EUEPIMEDIUM Franch. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France XXXIII (1846) 98.— Flowers with dimerous whorls of perianth and stamens. Section 1. GYMNOCAULON Franchet l. c.— Stems leafless. 1. E.pinnatum Fisch. in DC., Syst. II (1821) 29; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 87; Boiss., BY. Or. 1, 102;)Kom:, Vved. vo Fl. Kit. Mongolia; 128: —Ey ptere — ceras Morr. in Ann. Soc. Gand. 1 (1845) 145, tab. 14; Kom. in A.H.P. XXIX, 146.—Ic.: Fischer, Sert. petropolit. fol. 1;- Bot. Mag. tab. 4456)— Bosseey Bulise Noy 93d: * From the Greep epi — on,and Medion — Media, growing in Media. 414 544 Perennial; stem up to 50cm tall; rootstock large, cylindrical, producing shoots; all leaves radical, imparipinnate, with 1—2 pairs of lobes or twice ternate, bearing long, caducous, white or rufous hairs, glabrous towards tip, at base of petiole several scales; petioles thickened, often barbate; leaf lobes membranous at first turning coriaceous, 3—5-nerved, cordate, with cartilaginous margin, serrate; scapes Single, rarely 2, thin, cylindrical; loose raceme always elongated; pedicels glandular-hairy or glabrous, elongating at end; bracts short, oblong, glabrous; bracteoles 2; flowers pale, sepals and petals deciduous; stamens ascending; capsule on inconspicuous pedicel. March. Shady mountain forests.— Caucasus: Tal. Gen. distr.: Iran. Described from Gilyan. Type in Leningrad. Economic importance. An ornamental plant of gardens and rockeries. 2. E.colchicum (Boiss.) Trautv. Increm. fl. ross. in A.H.P. VIII (1884) 65; Kom., Vveden. k Fl. Kitaya i Mongol. VI, 129,—E. pinnatum var. colchicum Boiss., Fl. Or. 1 (1867) 102.—E. pinnatum var. integrifolium Medw. et Alb. v Trud. Tifl. Bot. Sada I (1895) 15.— Exs.: HFR No. 1704. (sub E. pinnato var. colchico). Perennial, very close to the preceding, from which it is readily distinguished by the obovate, narrower petals, spur twice as long, and lobes often larger, sometimes entire (var. integrifolium Medw. et Alb.). March. Damp, shady forests.— Caucasus: W. Transc. Gen. distr.: As. -Min. Described from W. Transcaucasia. Cotype in Leningrad. 3. E.circinnatocucullatum Sosn. in Grossg., Fl. Kavk. Perennial, very close to the preceding from which it is distinguished by the color and form of the shorter petals; sepals four times as long as petals; filaments one and a half times as long as the anthers, thus the stamens forming erect columns. March— April. Forests.— Caucasus: W. Transc. (Sochi). Endemic. Described from Sochi. Type in Tbilisi. Section 2. PHYLLOCAULON Franchet,l.c.— Flower-bearing stems with 1—3 leaves. Series 1. Monophylla Kom., Vved. vo Fl. Kitaya i Mongolii (1908) 130.— Stem with only one leaf. 4. E.pubigerum (DC.) Morr. et Decne. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 2, II (1834) 354; Boiss., Fl. Or. I, 101; Kom., Veved. vo Fl. Kit. i Mong. isk ~EV alpinum “Ldb:, Fl. Ross, L..81, non L:.—E. alpinum var. pubigerum DC., Syst. 11 (1821). 2.—Ic.: Sibth. et Sm. Fl. graeca, tab. 150 (sub E. alpino); Rouy, Illustr. pl. Europ. rar. 1 (1895) tab. 22; fasc. 6 (1896) tab. 127.— Exs.: Bornm. Pl. Anatol. orient. (1890) No. 1863; Bourgeau Pl. armen. No.9. 415 045 Perennial; stem 40cm tail, rootstock short, thickened, distinctly nodular; radical leaves 2, cauline leaves solitary; all leaves twice ternately partite, lobes ovate, cordate, serrate, coarse-toothed; petioles pilose, articulated; lobes of leaves persistent, pubescent beneath, the midribs covered with appressed hairs. Raceme branching, not dense; sepals pale red, ovate- oblong, concave, obtuse; petals yellowish, short, cucullate. April. Shady mountain forests.— Caucasus: W. Transc. Gen. distr.: Bal. -As. Min. Described from the environs of Istanbul (Constantinople). Type in Geneva. 5. E.koreanum Nakai, Fl. Sylv. Kor. XXI (1936) 63.—E. macranthum| Forb. et Hems. in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXIII (1886) 32, non Morr. et Decne. (1834); Kom.” Vved. vovsFl_ kat. 1 Mong, -13i';" Kom > Ale) (Opraecase Dal'nevost. kraya. I, 564. Perennial; stem 40cm tall; rootstock rather thin, horizontally creeping; radical leaves usually absent, rarely 2 and then as long as the flower- bearing stem; cauline leaves solitary, twice ternate, lobes long-petioled, thin, coriaceous, deeply cordate, when young appressed-hairy beneath with ciliate margin, soon losing hairs but for the articulation of the petioles; raceme short, simple or slightly branching proximally, sessile opposite leaf; rhachis glabrous or pubescent; bracts ovate, pedicels glabrous or glandular; flowers comparatively large, ca.2 cm in diameter; sepals ovate- lanceolate, acute, white or pink; petals white or violet, with elongated, orbicular blade, often slightly notched at apex; spur much longer than sepals, subulate, with small glands, yellowish; capsule ovate-oblong, with long style, 6—-8-seeded. April. Shady forests.— Far East: Uss. (near Preobrazhenie Bay). Gen. distr.: Jap. -Ch. Described from Japan. Type in Paris. Genus 544. LEONTICE * L. L. Gen. pl. ed. V (1754) 147, Sepals 6—9, petaloid, outer sepals smaller then the rest; petals 6, yellow, truncate, markedly shorter than sepals, resembling nectaries; stamens 6, free; anthers opening apically by two valves; pistil one, stigma small, sometimes slightly broadened, ovules 2—4, erect from base; capsule inflated, scarious, neither dehiscing nor Opening at apex. Perennial herbs, with tuberiform thickened rootstock; cauline leaves few, usually ternately dissected. i, Stem shorter than inflorescence, producing 1 or 2 leaves ....... +. Stem producing single bracteate leaf below inflorescence ....... 2. Large plant (40—50 cm tall), with strongly branching inflorescence alice dbvghe wer eetel Tell ue on Seek ris alice hu cae suiting ale 2. L.ewersmannii Bge. * From the Greek leontike —name of a plant with leaves parted like the paw of a lion. 416 546 +. Small plant (20cm tall), with unbranched inflorescence......... 3. ee eae enisCem atmiated . ee es 1. L. incerta Pall. re Cape Gere iiseinaaeapex 2° eS a or 3. L.minor Boiss. a4 woes Of bracteate leaf broadly oval wo... - . 6. L.darwasica Rgl. + Meena atreate meat fanceOlate . “eae tyge co kg. wk 8 ee aM See ey: ee! re Wl. ake uit ee ew ey SE hae) es i. Lyatberti Rel. + Ovary) Sessile*or-subsessile....... » (lpia RS oF 6. Petals without basal saccate pxeasion: win 2 epee eal 4ecth at 2 SS Se Soe A ae yl se ees 8. L.smirnowii Trautv. + Petals with basal saccate extension, with 2 recurved apical teeth ... 7. 7. Stamens slightly longer than petals (nectaries) .... 4. L.altaica Pall. af Stamens twice as long as the petals (nectaries).............. 1. L.incerta Pall. Reise III, Anhang (1776) 726 No. 84; B. Fedch. v Tr. SPb. Bot. Sada. XXIII (1904) 358; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V,1225.—L. vesi- caria Pall. Act. Acad. Petrop. pro anno 1779 (1783) pars posterior Pp. Vaibe ia? Ross. ¢l, 800—ie-. Pall..Act.. Petrop. pro anno. 1779 (1783) pars posterior, tab. 9, f. 4 (tuber); Goebel, Reise Casp., vol. II, tab. 1.— Exs.: Reliqu. Lehmann. No. 46. Perennial, 10—16 cm tall; tuber spherical; cauline leaves usually 2, rather long-petioled, ternately or twice ternately divided into 5cm long, ovate or elliptic, entire, slightly fleshy lobes; the lateral lobes sometimes 2-sect; flowers in terminal raceme, ca.12 mm in diameter; pedicels in axil of orbicular bracts; sepals elliptic or ovate, four to five times as long as the minute petals, nearly reniform in outline, distally obscurely toothed, abruptly tapering into a slender claw half the length of the limb; pistil with very short style and subsessile stigma; capsule 25mm in diameter, subglobular, inflated like a bladder, indehiscent; seeds dark brown. April— May. semideserts.— Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh., Syr D. Gen. distr.: Dzu. -Kash. Described from the vicinity of Lake Inder. Type not preserved. 2. L.ewersmannii Bg. in Arb. Naturf. Vereins zu Riga. Bd. I, No.47 (1847) 131;° Boiss., FI. Or. 1, 100.—L.. leontopetalum Ldb.,.Fl. Ross. I (1842) 81 (in adnot.) non L.—L. apiifolia Fisch. in Herb. Perennial; tuber ovate, 5—12 cm in diameter; stem 20—40 cm tall, subterranean part nearly as long; radical leaves 1 or 2, their petioles more than 15 mm long below ground, not more than 2—3 cm long above ground, divided into three petiolate lobes; primary lobes 3-sect, of the 3 secondary lobes the middle petiolate lobe tripartite, with sessile, deeply bipartite lateral lobes; cauline leaves 3—5, the two lower ones petioled, similar to the radical leaves in their division, with basally branched petioles, the 1—3 remaining cauline leaves terminal,smaller,approachedto the inflorescence, less incised or quite entire; inflorescence terminal, raceme 20—40- flowered; bracts subamplexicaul, elliptic, orbicular; pedicels large, 5 cm long, horizontally spreading, hexahedral; sepals ovate-oblong; ovary with 2 or 3 ovules; stigma obtuse; capsule inflated into a bladder, 15mm in diameter, truncate, dehiscing toward ripening of seeds; seeds 1 or 2, globular. March— April. (Plate XXXVII Figure 4). 417 (547) | y \ +} “A 4 | aA, VEZ a -) - Ai AN yy _ aS At ‘ mS Af \ 7” /} PLATE XXXVII. 1—Berberis sibirica Pall; 2—B.integerrima Bge, 3—Diphylleia Grayi Fr. Schmidt; 4—Leontice ewersmannii Bge; 5—-Bongardia chrysogonum (L.) Boiss; 6—Leontice darwasica Rgl; 7—Jeffersonia dubia (Maxim.) Benth. et Hook.; flowers at bottom of Plate; Caulophyllum robustum Maxim., flowers, fruit. 418 Sandy and clayey steppes, and fallow fields on loess soil.— Centr. Asia: all regions except Ar. -Casp. Gen. distr.: Arm. -Kurd., Iran. Described from the Syr Darya deserts of Yaman-Kizyl-Kum and Batkak-Kum. Type in Leningrad, cotype in Paris. Economic importance. The large tubers contain a significant quantity of starch, from which liquor is distilled; the plants also contain some active agents, which may be desirable for officianal use. 549 3. L.minor Boiss., Fl. Or. I (1867) 100.—Ic.: Citerne, Berberts Erythrosperm. (These) tab. 2, f. 8, 21 (1892) Sec. Stapf. Ind. Londinensis. Perennial, 10—20 cm tall; close to preceding species, but tuber smaller; leaves twice pinnatipartite, 8-15 cm long, lobes smaller, deeply incised into obovate-cuneate lobules; raceme not branching; bracts markedly shorter than the slightly curved fruiting pedicels; petals cuneate-obovate, truncate, short-clawed at apex; capsule as long as pedicel, ovate, orbicular, obtuse, seeds smaller. March —April. Dry, barren slopes and stony habitats.— Caucasus: S. and E. Transc.; Centr. Asia: Amu D. (near Termez). Gen. distr.: Iran. Described from Iranian Azerbaijan. Type in Geneva. 4. L.altaica Pall. in Act. Acad. Petrop. II pro anno 1779, 255 (1783 ed. 1) pars posterior; Ldb., Fl. Alt. Il, 51; Fl. Ross. I, 80 (excl. pl. Odessana); Poe eae. oe., L070.— Ics Pall. *t.c. tab. 9; f. 13% Perennial; tuber subglobular, 10—20mm in diameter; stem 5—25 cm tall; cauline leaves solitary,5cm long; petiole of cauline leaf broadened, very short, with 2 connate bracts, divided into three long petioles each bearing 4 to 5 palmately divided lobes, these with slightly fleshy, entire, obtuse, 3 cm long lobules; flowers 10—25, in a terminal raceme, 12—18 mm ind diameter; pedicels 6—13 mm long, recurved in fruit; bracts orbicular, entire; sepals elliptic or oblong-ovate, two to two and one-half times as long as the petals; petals cuneate, longitudinally folded at base, with a nectar-pit, truncate, with 2 curved teeth; stamens slightly longer than petals; ovary sessile or subsessile; style nearly as long; fruit an orbicular, membranous capsule, 8mm in diameter, splitting at apex before the 3 or 4 blackish brown seeds ripen. April— May. Stony hills and slopes.— W. Siberia: Irt., Alt. Endemic. Described from Altai. Type not preserved. Economic importance. This and, even more so, the following species of Leontice deserve to be grown as early-blooming ornamentals. They are readily cultivated, as they easily adapt to Leningrad winters. 550 ©: L.odessana Fisch. ex Rogov., Obzor rast. Kievsk. uch. okr. (1869) 307.—L. Altaica B odessana Fisch. ex DC., Syst. II (1821) 26.— i, 2tbaned Boiss.) FL Or. oI 101 et duct.* Ik" ross:;"Shmal"g)) Fl. 133° — Exs.: Dorfler Herb. norm. No. 4811. Perennial, 10—20cm tall. Very close to preceding species, from which it is distinguished by the stamens being twice as long as the petals. Its clear demarcation from its Altai parents induced me to recognise it as a separate species. March— April. Steppes.— European part: Bl. (from Odessa to Nikolaev, also Tiraspol); Crim. (reported by Boissier but in the Flora of the Crimea— Kuznetsov, 419 951 Bush, Fomin, Mat. dlya Flory Kavkaza— was not entered). Gen. distr.: Bal. (Dobruja). Described from the vicinity of Odessa. Type in Leningrad. 6. L. darwasica Rgl. in A.H.P. VIII (1884) 692.—Ic.: Rgl. tab. XIV, f. x4 os ang sind, ty: Perennial, 25—30cm tall; tuber compressed above, 4 cm in diameter, torulose; radical leaves solitary, long-petioled, nearly as long as stem, 3-partite, lobes sessile, elliptic-rounded, entire, stem with one, very rarely 2, leaves borne below the inflorescence, leaves not petioled, with a short amplexicaul sheath; lobes of cauline leaves subsessile or very short- petioled, ovate-rounded, entire, one or 2 of the cauline lobes rarely 3-partite; inflorescence terminal, 6—10-flowered, slightly bent or drooping; bracts suborbicular, usually crenate-dentate, shorter than the pedicels; pedicels ascending, yellow, reddish outside, elongated at end of flowering; sepals 5—6, petaloid, oblong-ovate or oblong, obtuse; petals half the length of the sepals and of the same number cuneately oblong, notched and dentate; anthers bilocular, dehiscing by a valve from base to summit; ovary oblong- lanceolate, short-pediceled, tapering into a style slightly shorter than the ovary. (Plate XXXVII, Figure 6). Stony mountain slopes and among shrubs. — Centr. Asia: Pam. -Al. Endemic. Described from Darvaz near Shikaya on the Pyandzh River below Kalaikhumba. Type in Leningrad. 7. L.albertii Rgl. in Gartenflora XXX (1881) 293.—Ic.: Rgl. l.c., tab. 1057. Perennial, 20—25 cm tall; tuber slightly flattened, subspherical; cauline leaves solitary, 5cm long, subsessile, divided into three petiolate lobes, palmately dissected into 4—5 linear obovate flat lobules, with recurved margins at flowering; flowers 5—15, 12—18 mm in diameter, in terminal raceme; pedicels 6—13 mm long, slightly retrorse or horizontal in fruit; bracts ovate, nearly as long as pedicles,violet at first turning green later; sepals elliptic or oblong, with 5 brown ribs, two and a half times as long as the petals; petals cuneate, longitudinally folded at base, trifid, with two horizontally spreading lateral lobes, median lobe bidentate; ovary ovate, pediceled; fruit an orbicular, membranous capsule dehiscing prior to seed ripening, 3—4 blackish-brown seeds. April. Stony hills and among shrubs in mountains. — Centr. Asia: T.Sh., Pam.-Al. Endemic. Described from W. Tien Shan. Type in Leningrad. 8. L.smirnowii Trautv. in A.H. P. VII (1881)405; Boiss., Suppl. FI. Or. 22; Bush, Ranales Kavkaza, 212.—Exs.: Herb. Fl. cauc. No. 216. Perennial, 30—50 cm tall; tuber slightly flattened above, subglobular, 6cm in diameter; radical leaves solitary, long-petioled, tripartite with broad sheath at base; lobes palmately divided, long-petioled, lobules entire, broadly elliptic, generally orbicular or notched, very rarely bipartite; cauline leaves sessile below inflorescence, with a short, amplexicaul sheath; blade divided as in radical leaves; terminal raceme few-flowered; bracts suborbicular, with numerous nerves, the lower ones ca. 1cm long; pedicels spreading or ascending, two to two and one-half times as long as the bracts; 5567 420 552 sepals oblong, ca. 1 cm long; petals half the length of the sepals, cuneate, without basal saccate extension, with 2 erect apical teeth; ovary oblong- elliptic; style not longer than 1 cm, markedly shorter than ovary. February. Forests. — Caucasus: E. Transc. (Kakhetiya). Endemic. Described from Kakhetiya. Type in Leningrad. Economic importance. An ornamental plant adapted to semishady habitats. Genus 545. BONGARDIA * C. A. M. C.A.M. Verz. Pfl. Caucas. (1831) 174 Sepals 3—6, petaloid, in indistinct whorls; stamens 6, free; anthers not acuminate, distally dehiscing by two valves; pistilons with plicate broadened stigma; ovules 4—8, orthotropous; capsule inflated into a membranous bladder; seeds small, subglobular, depressed at base; embryo small, radicle under base of endosperm covered with an endopleural fold. Perennials, with a tuberlike thickened rootstock; leaves all radical, pinnatisect, with opposite or whorled lobes; flowers in a strongly branching leafless paniculate inflorescence with almost dichotomous branches. 1. B.chrysogonum (L.) Boiss., Fl. Or. 1(1867) 99; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 80.—Leontice chrysogonum L. Sp. pl. (1753) 447.—Bongardia Ris wolfiso CA: Mi Verz. Pflanz.*’ Cauc: (1831) 174: Ldb.; Fl. Ross, -1, 80.— Be lolivieri C.A. M. ibid., 1, 86:—Ic:: Jaub: et Spach, Dlustr. pl orn, Bee! Bet Nag tab?) 6244) —Ehus-:) Bitch: Afg. delim. ‘eonr. Nowe l4oeirlerbs EMircaucki No: 28% Perennial, 30—50cm tall; tuber thickened, 3.5cm in diameter; stems leafless, strongly branching; leaves all radical, oblong, pinnatipartite, with lobes sessile, opposite, sometimes whorled, orbicular or cuneate, oblong, 3—5-fid at apex with squamiform bracts at base of branches; sepals colored; petals obovate, markedly longer than the sepals; capsule oblong, tapering at both ends. March—April. Steppes, field crops, clayey and solonetzic slopes. —Caucasus: E. and S. Transes Centr. (Asia Kyz?)K.) Karask.,” Min? ‘Tarkm.;*Amu'D:.; Syr'D., Pam. -Al. Gen. distr.: Bal.-As. Min., Iran. Described from Greece. Type in the Linnaean Herbarium. Economic importance. Baked or boiled, the tubers are edible. Genus 546. CAULOPHYLLUM * L. C. RICH L.C.Rich, in Michx, Fl. bor.-am. I (1803) 204.—Phtheirotheca Maxim. ex Rgl. in Bull. Ac. St. Pétersb. XV (1857) 224. Sepals 9, the outermost much smaller than the petaloid inner ones; petals 6, much smaller than the sepals, resembling nectaries, broadening * Named after the botanist Bongard, member of the St.Petersburg Academy of Sciences. ** From the Green kaulon —stem,and phyllon —leaf,. 421 De) (like a valve); stamens 6, free; anthers distally dehiscing by two valves; pistil one, style not broadened, with a stigmatic surface on the inside; ovules 2, orthotropous; capsule membranous, soon disintegrating and exposing the still unripe glabrous seeds, appearing like drupes; embryo very tiny. Perennials, with a tuberlike thickened rootstock; the leaves pinnately or ternately dissected, with slender lobules; stem with 1 or 2 leaves; flowers yellow, in short racemes or cymes. 1. C.robustum Maxim. Prim. Fl. Amur (1859) 33; Kom., Fl. Manchzh. ll, 326:—Cithalietroides, Rel. in Bull Acad. Peéetersb, 2va(leom azar non Michx.—C. thalictroides var. robustum Maxim. in herb. — Phtheirotheca cyanosperma Maxim. ex Rel. in) Bull. phys) amare. Ac. St. Pétersb. XV (1857) 223, nom.—Leontice robustum Diels, Fl. Central China (1901) 337, nomen.—Ic.: Kom. i Alis., Opred. rast. Dal'nevost. kraya, 175. Perennial, 50—150cm; rootstock horizontal or ascending, large, nodose, sparsely covered with black hairlike roots; with 4 dry vaginal leaves at base of stem and 1—3 green leaves higher up, the lower of which are long- petioled, the others sessile, all ternate, with long-petioled, pinnatipartite lobes, with entire, rarely 1—2-toothed margin; inflorescence paniculate, few- flowered; markedly overtopping the leaves; flowers pale yellow, 1—3 on long pedicels, petals oboval, subspatulate; seeds globular, black, with a bluish bloom, resembling a berry, but dryish, at maturity the epidermis separates in the form of a shell. June. (Plate XXXVII, Figure 8). Virgin or partly cut coniferous and deciduous forests, even oak, on shaded, damp humus; in forest stands, often near rocks, in coniferous forests particularly along valley streams.—Far East: Uss., Sakh. Gen. distr.: Jap. -Ch. Described from the lower reaches of the Amur. Type in Leningrad. Genus 547. BERBERIS * L. I. Gen. pl. ed. 1 (1737) 94, Sepals 8—9, colored and resembling the petals, outer sepals smaller; petals 6, nearly as large as the sepals, usually convergent, in two imbricate whorls, with 3 glandules; pistil one, stigma peltate; ovules several, erect from base; fruit an indehiscent berry; embryo rather large. Shrubs with Spiny bracts at base and simple leaves usually with a spiny-dentate margin. Flowers in racemiform inflorescences always yellow, on short lateral branches, rarely solitary. Economic importance. Most species of Berberis are of economic importance, Since the berries of all the species are delicious raw and as preserves. The widely cultivated B. vulgaris L. is particularly well- known in this respect. Species of Berberis are equally important as producers of nectar and as a source of yellow dye. At the same time they are notorious as intermediate hosts of rust fungi. * The Latin name cf the plant. 422 554 (555 1. Hiewer= celiary Orin axillary groups of 2—3 . 2... Se ew ZF + Flowers in many-flowered racemes or inflorescence paniculate ... 3. a Cees Meee eee ee Oe Fs I Se RTD 1. B. sibirica Pall. + He eS IIe eS La EL aie 2. B.kaschgarica Rupr. oe eranlorescence paniculate,** Berries black oo. oe SRE eS 4, 7% Pmimwens wr lone racemes. (“Berries red Pie Pear OP eR es ae en Reser ees memiiene ). OE LO aE EE 3. B.heteropoda Schrenk. ius Pr rte Omri eoF . aBB RIMES SPST PR 4. B. oblonga Schneid. eee Ses reremen cnt 5. 455) 829%, 28S EER ae Oa 11. B.nummularia Bge. © SLES 300 US eRe, Ok aa eae OR a eae a eRe tS Lad 6. 6. Reaves membranous, rarely sliphtly coriaceous . 6. ..).. eee Lie + Weaves sckiy Goriaceods 15) GORA e ee BPI RPE ete 8. 7. Leaves larger, 6—10cm long, very slender, nerves only slightly elevated but distinct. Petals notched ..... 7. B.amurensis Maxim. . Leaves smaller. Young branches bright yellow or brownish red. Prickles generally simple. Leaves unequally dentate ......... Bae ea PL EI AR SOIT ok 6. B. orientalis Schneid. ++ Leaves smaller. Young branches gray or pale yellowish brown. Prickles usually ternate. Leaves more uniformly dentate. Petals Pein Ae en ks eile Ps TERE Ss PE I ee 5. B. vulgaris L. 8. Leaves narrowly lanceolate, usually large-toothed............ 9. + Peives broadly lanécolate, oftem-entire! 6 Vy Pe re £0: g)s Leaves without stomata on the upper surface. Pedicels 4-5mm Geen ae Ua a a ee ee ee are a *B. poiretii C. K. Schn. a Leaves with stomata on the upper surface ..... 8. B.crataegina DC. Mer Reaves Ghovate or oblong, entire ‘or‘subentire 0/00 De es Re Soe erik EP AES PES ee ie eee al es 9. B.integerrima Bge. = Leaves broader, without papillae beneath generally with a dentate RED FUR ay ane ee eR od TG PR 10. B.turcomanica Karel. ++ Leaves obovate or oblong, entire or dentate, with or without papillae Seta Mees see a Shey PR REE 12. B.densiflora Boiss. et Buhse. 1. B.sibirica Pall. Reise II, Anhang (1773) 737; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, Toes, Hie Zap: Sib); 1226.— BR. altaiea Pall. Fi’ Ross. II (1778) 41-— le “Pali Reise; tabi 1,’ Fig. 2; Pall’ F1. Ross.’ ll, tab: 67. Shrub, 1 m tall, rarely taller, strongly branching, spiny; branches brown, with long (to 14mm) 3—5-7-partite spines longer than the leaves; leaves small, usually not longer than 20 mm and not broader than 8mm, the mature leaves coriaceous, oblong-ovate, with subulate-dentate margin, tapering into a short petiole; young leaves with spiny-dentate margin; blade with stomata on the upper surface; flowers solitary, on peduncles shorter than the leaves, but as long as the flowers; sepals ovate, obtuse; petals as long as the sepals and of similar shape but with incised-notched apex; stamens half the length of the petals; berry red, broadly oval, up to 9mm long. May—June. (Plate XXXVII, Figure 1).. Rocks, stony and desert slopes, and rock streams, mainly in low mountain zones, rarely in the alpine zone. —W. Siberia: Alt.; E. Siberia: Ang. -Say., Dau.; Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb. (Dzungarian Ala-Tau, from a single locality). Gen. distr.: Mong. Described from Altai. Type in Leningrad. 2. B.kaschgarica Rupr. in Osten-Saken et Rupr. Sertum tianschanicum (1862) 38.—Ic.: Maxim. Flora tangutica, tab. 23. Shrub, one m tall, strongly branching, spiny; branches brown, with long 3-partite spines, up to 15mm, longer than the petals; leaves small, usually 423 956 not longer than 15mm and not broader than 6mm, the mature leaves coriaceous, oblong-ovate, entire or with one acute lateral tooth, tapering into a short petiole; flowers solitary, their pedicels as long as the flowers, shorter than the leaves; sepals ovate, obtuse; petals as long as the sepals and of similar shape but with incised-notched apex; stamens half the length of the petals; berry black, broadly oval, up to 8mm long. May — June. Centr. Asia; T. Sh. Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash. Described from the Suukty valley in Chinese Tien Shan, 50—60 km to the north of Kashgar. Type in Leningrad. 3. B.heteropoda Schrenk in Fisch. et Mey. Enum. pl. Schrenk. 1(1841) 102: LdbveBhl Ross. 1) s1427 key... Zap. sib: 710735 -Bo sipimoreraor carpa Kar, et Kir. in Bull. See.) Nat: Mose. XIV, 3 (1841)psi%e yar C. Ki schn. \Bandb. LLaubholzkwi) 298: Shrub, 2m tall; branches reddish or brown, with 1—3 cm long simple or tripartite spines, borne at base of reduced branches bearing crowded leaves; leaves glabrous, smooth, obovate, finely and obscurely dentate or entire 6cm-long, 3—4 cm broad, thinly coriaceous or membranous, tapering into a short petiole; inflorescence a raceme, 2—5cm long, irregularly branching, subpaniculate; flowers 5—9 in each raceme, yellow, on 6—12 mm long pedicels; sepals and petals obovate; stamens half the length of the petals; berry subglobular, 12 mm in diameter, bluish-purple. May. Stony mountain slopes. —Centr. Asia: Dzu-Larb., 2. Sh. Genjodisirs: Mong. (S. Altai), Dzu.-Kash. (Kuldja). Described from the Ala Tau Mountains (Dzungaria). Type in Leningrad. 4. B.oblonga (Rgl.) C. K. Schn. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. IL sér. V (1905) 458. —B: hieteropoda var. oblonga Rel. in A. HL PV, 1 (lesa B. heterobotrys E. Wolf, Nov. vid barbarisa iz Turkestana v Tr. po prikl. bot. sel XI (1918)-40—43.—Ic.: Vol'f 1. c. Shrub, 2.5m tall, branching; young branches brown, turning gray when old; spines simple or tripartite, 15mm long; leaves obovate, oblong or elliptic, 6cm long, membranous, grayish green above, glaucescent beneath, tapering into a petiole, with entire or slightly dentate margin; flowers 1 cm in diameter, usually 10—20,rarely more in branching paniculate racemes; pedicels 8mm long; ovary oblong, with 1—3 ovules, short-pediceled; berries black with glaucous bloom, oblong-elliptic, 1 cm long, not more than 6mm broad; usually with single seed. May. stony mountain slopes. —Centr. Asia: T. Sh., Pam.-Al. Endemic. Described from Chatkal (W. Tien Shan). Type in Leningrad. 5.9 Bo vulgaris, «Sp. pl. (117/53), 330% Ldbt, Pl aRosse I.i(9sebeisce ee Orel, 2102; jShmialtot. bist. 32) — les Richi wlic: ile Geeracy lll e tctopeiaame Exs.o EuE: No. 6025 Micinsh. sheicb, skyline, Noseaor Shrub, 2.5m tall; strongly branching, with markedly elongated branches, yellowish or yellowish-purple when young; in the second year turning gray; spines usually tripartite, 2cm long; leaves membranous, 4cm long, elliptic, obovate or obovate-oblong, obtuse, rarely acute, tapering into a petiole, greenish and distinctly reticular beneath; inflorescence racemiform, 6cm long, with 15—25 flowers; pedicels 5-12 mm long; sepals and petals obovate; berries ellipsoidal or ellipsoidal-oblong, 12 mm long, bright red. May—June. 424 557 European, part; Lad.-Ilm., U. Dnp. 3. V.-Don,).Bl.,. Crim:, i. Don: Caucasus: Cisc. Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur., Med., Bal. Described from Europe without details. Type in London. Economic importance. The wood of this species is hard, and has bright yellow sapwood. It is used in the manufacture of cobbler's nails and tools for lathework; the berries contain malic acid, which is used in confectionery, and also both yield a good dye used to color hides and wools a lemon yellow. It is a fine nectar plant and a very striking ornamental shrub, due to the variety of its red foliage. It is notorious as the host of the aecial stage of the rust Puccinia graminis Pers., which in turn infects wheat and other grasses that develop in the late summer and fall. Althoughitis recommended that barberry be destroyed we are against this since the most dangerous form of rust in the Soviet Union, the yellow rust of grain Puccinia glumarum Pers., does not develop on barberry. Ed. 6. B. orientalis C.K. Schn. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. sér. II, V (1905)- noo. Valrearis yar. orientalis Boiss. intWerb. =] Bavulgaris aucE. Te iecaAuc. Shrub, 2m tall; young branches yellow-brown, slightly ribbed; old branches grayish; spines various, simple and tripartite; leaves elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, 4.5cm long, sometimes rather thin (var. litoralis (Rupr.) Grossh.), sometimes coriaceous, more acute (var. emarginata (Boiss.) Grossh.), margin obscurely toothed, leaf color the same on both sides, venation distinct; racemes 7cm long, with 20 or more flowers, sometimes reduced (var. brachybothrys (Boiss.) C.K. Schn.), pedicels 10mm long; berries oblong, bright red. Caucasus: Ss. and HE. Transe. Gen. distri» Arm: =Kurd.,dran.Described from Iran. Type in Geneva. 7. B.amurensis Rupr. in Bull. phys.-mat. Acad. St. Petersb. XV (1857) 260.—B. vulgaris var. amurensis Rgl. Tent. fl. Ussur. (1861) 46.—B. regeliana Koehne ex Schneid. in Mitt. deutsch. dendrol. Gesellsch. XIV (1905) 119.—Ic.: Schneider II]. Handb. Laubholzk. I, 298; Kom.,i Alis., Opred. rast. Dal'nevost. kraya, Plate 173 f. 1—7. Nakei Fl. sylv. Kor. XXI, tab. V. Shrub, 3.5m tall; few-branched, the poorly developed branches turning grayish in the second year; spines usually tripartite, up to 2cm long; leaves membranous, elliptic or obovate-oblong, 10.5cm long, obtuse or acute, with dense irregular aculeate teeth, bright green beneath, with a sharply protruding network of veins; inflorescence racemiform, 10cm long, with 10—25 drooping flowers; pedicels 10mm long, flowers pale yellow; sepals obovate; petals notched; berries red, ellipsoidal, ca. 1cm long. May. Forest margins and on stony soil along banks of mountain streams. — Far East: Uss. Gen. distr.: Jap.-Ch. Described from the Amur River valley. Type in Leningrad. Economic importance. An ornamental shrub; the fruit is suitable for making confections. *¥B. poiretii C. K. Schn. in Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges. XV (1906) 80 et in Laubholzk. II (1912) 920.—B. chinensis Poir. in Lam. Encycl. XIV (1808) 617, p.p.—B. sinensis Bangustifolia Rgl. inA.H.P.IL 2 (1873) 416.—B. poiretii var. angustifolia (Rgl.) Nakai, Fl. Sylv. 425 DOO Kor. XXI (1936) 66, tab. IV.—Ic.: Bot. Mag. tab. 6573; Useful Plants of Japan I, 300. Shrub, 1.5m tall; young branches and, sometimes, the older branches as well reddish brown, shiny, canaliculate-angular, densely leafy; spines not branching, one cm long, rarely tripartite or obsolete; leaves small, narrow, thickly coriaceous, 4cm long oblong, tapering into a petiole, with an apical mucro, conspicuous venation and entire or slightly dentate margin; inflorescence racemiform, racemes [sic!] slightly longer than leaves with 10—20-flowers; pedicels 6—10mm long; ovules one; berries dark purple. May. Sandy mountain slopes andriver sands. — Far East: Uss., sands along Amur River, atthe mouth of the Sungari River.* Gen. distr.: Mongolia, Jap.-Ch. Described from N. China. Type unknown. 8. B.crataegina** DC. Syst. II (1821) 9,-B.iberica Stev. et Fisch. ex DEY Lee.-6.— Buvuleanisivar.iber te a tDG., lic —Tte77 Crk Schawile Handb. Laubholzk. I, 304. Shrub, 1m high; branches cylindrical, brownish-purple, glabrous; prickles simple, firm, slightly dilated at base, 20 mm long; leaves coriaceous, oblong, 4 cm long, congested on petioles, with mucro at apex and conspicuous network of veins, entire or few-toothed; inflorescence raceform; pedicels 6—10mm long, ovules 1. May. Dry slopes. — Caucasus: E. Transc. (Tbilisi). Gen. distr.: As. -Min., Arm, -Kurd., Iran. Described from Asia Minor. Type in Geneva. 9. B.integerrima Bge. in Delect. semin. Hort. bot. Dorpat. (1843) pa. Vil less Boe inv eligt) pt ehimann mirabawlp Shrub, 4m tall; strongly branching, spiny, with brownish or purple angular branches; on lower sterile branches, spines tripartite or with at least one lateral tooth on each side; on other branches spines simple, large; leaves coriaceous, obovate or oblong, not more than 4—5cm long, 13—18 mm broad subapically, entire or subentire often with large, acute teeth on young shoots; leaves cuneately tapering into a petiole; inflorescence a long axillary raceme, d5cm long or more,with 12—20flowers; sepals and petals obovate; style very short, stigma large, retained at maturity when fruits usually pendulous; ovules 384; berries obovate or oblong, purple-red, with bloom, 7—8 mm long. May — June. (Plate XXXVII, Figure 2). Stony mountain slopes.—Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb.(only in Dzhungarian Ala-Tau), T. Sh., Pam.-Al. Gen. distr.: Iran., Dzu.-Kash. Described from Zeravshan. Type in Leningrad. 10. B.turcomanica Karel. in Ldb., Fl. Ross. I (1842) 79.—B. integer- rima- van“. tucicomianiwea Cok. Schn in Bull: perb) Boiss liisersmay (1905) 461. Very close to the preceding species, from which it is distinguished by slightly broader leaves, usually with dentate margin, not papillate beneath. Racemes with fewer usually about 10 flowers. Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. Endemic. Described from the Great Balkhan Mountains. Type in Leningrad. * These sands are found on the Chinese side of the Amur. B. poiretii never encountered within the Soviet Union. B. Komarov. ** Reports of the distribution of this species in the Caucasus are highly doubtful and should be referred to B. orientalis C.K. Schn. Ed. 426 11. B.nummularia Bge. in Delct. Sem. horti Dorpat. (1843) p. IV.— B. densiflora var. nummularia Boiss. Fl. Or. 1(1867) 102.—Ic.: Bge. in Rel. Lehmann., tab. II. Perennial, 4m tall, strongly branching spiny shrub; branches brownish, sometimes purple, glaucescent when young; spines simple or ternate; leaves coriaceous, rounded-ovate, 3—4 cm long, 3cm broad, entire, cuneate, rarely with few small apical teeth and usually with a small apical mucro, upper surface without stomata; leaves of young shoots with spiny-dentate margin; inflorescence an axillary raceme, 6cm long, with 20 or more drooping flowers; sepals and petals obovate; berries ovate-globular, red, 5—6 mm long; ovules 2 or 3; seeds obovate. May— June. Stony mountain slopes,;—Centr. Asia: T; Sh., Pam s-Al: Gen. distr.: Iran. Described from Yagnob. Type in Leningrad. 12. B.densiflora Boiss., et Buhse in Nouv. Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XII (1860) 9: Boiss., Fl. Or. I, 102.—B.integerrima var. densiflora C.K. Schn. in Bull. Herb. Boiss., II Ser. V (1905) 461; var. erivanensis Cy) KK. Sehn/ibid.—Ic.: ‘Boiss., et Buhse l..c. tab. IT. Shrub, very close to preceding species but leaves slightly different — obovate or oblong, sometimes entire or dentate, with or without papillae beneath; all racemes many-flowered, scmetimes with more than 20 flowers; pedicels not longer than 5—6 mm, berries 5—6mm indiameter. April. Stony mountain slopes.— Caucasus: S. and E. Transc. Gen. distr.: Arm. -Kurd., Iran. Described from Northern Iran. Type in Leningrad. Note. The following species remain obscure. 1. B.emarginata Willd., Enum. pl. Horti Berol. (1809) 395. Willdenow indicates ''Siberia'' as the origin of this plant, without providing further details. A study of the authentic specimen, at the German Herbarium, has led Schneider to consider it a hybrid of B. vulgaris Xsibirica. However, the notched petals are more reminiscent of B. amurensis, but this plant had not yet been collected in Willdenow's time. 2. B.tragacanthoides DC., Syst. II (1821) 18, described by De Candolle from material collected by Tournefort in the vicinity of Tbilisi, near the Kura River (Herbarium Tournefort and Vaillant) and accepted in the Flora by Ledebour (Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, p. 80), was not mentioned before Fedde (Fedde, Monogr. Gatt. Mahonia in Engl. Bot. Jadrb., vol.1 (1909) 131), who wrongly referred it to the exclusively North American genus Mahonia. The most plausible statement is by Ruprecht (Ruprecht, Flora Caucasi (1869) 49), who identified the plant collected by Tournefort in 1701 in Tbilisi as Caragana grandiflora DC., which grows there in abundance. Family LXV. MENISPERMACEAE * Dc ** Flowers small, dioecious, with some organs multiplied two or three times, whorled, corolla similar to calyx, carpels free, 1-ovuled, with two integuments; * From the Greek men — moon, and sperma — seed, monthly seed, ** Treatment by V.L.Komarov. 427 (561) PLATE XXXVIII. 1—10 —Larus nobilis L.; 11-17 —-Menispermum dahuricum DC, 428 563 fruit a drupe, embryo markedly curved, endosperm developed or none. Creeping, rarely erect shrubs, more rarely herbs; leaves corymbiform, with palmate venation. A tropical family of up to 300 species, including a few northern representatives. Cocculus kanei Heer—Paleocene, the Lower Don area (Osipov, Kharkov). Genus 548. MENISPERMUM L. L. Sp. pl. (1753) 340 Flowers dioecious, greenish; inflorescence a raceme or panicle; sepals 4—8, in two whorls longer than the petals; stamens 14—24, pistils 2—3, borne on the conspicuously elongated receptacle and surrounded by 6 sterile stamens; drupe globular or ovate, laterally flattened, distorted, with lateral crests or ridges. Creeping herbs, leaves broadly oval or orbiecular with inconspicuous cordate base. Two species in all, one confined to the Atlantic basin in America, the other from Eastern Asia. i, MM. dahuricum DC..,.Syst...L(1818).540;.Prodr..: I,,.102;.Turez.. Fl. baie. -dan. 1, 90; Ldb., Fl. Ross. lL. 78; Maxim. Prim. Fl. Amur. 30; hema He MX 3o2.—Iie.-. Kom. 3 AL,, Opred., .r,. Dal'nevost., kraya I, Plate 174.—Menispermum Dauria, Amur moonseed; in Tungan, Kochimki. Perennial; stems green, creeping, dying almost to base in the winter; rootstock vertical, not stout, with lateral buds close to the apex; leaves alternate, petiolate, ebracteate peltate, in general rounded, with broadly notched base and 3—5 obscure acuminate lobes, lower leaves more nearly orbicular, the upper more sharply lobate, lobes more acute; only young leaves pubescent; peduncles axillary, solitary or in pairs, slender, not as long as petioles; bracts linear-setiform, membranous at base of lower pedicels; racemes not dense, with 1 to 30 flowers; staminate flowers ca. 6mm in diameter, calyx of 4 linear sepals, opening long before flowering; petals 12, reniform-cordate, with claw emerging from notch, stamens to 16; pistillate flowers similar in appearance but darker, with stamens smaller, sterile; ovaries 3, on separate carpophores; styles short with curved stigmas; fruits solitary or paired, in a short raceme; berries black, with abundant dark-colored juice; seeds ca.8mm long and 7mm broad, with ribbed outer margin. May, fr. September (Plate XXXVIII, Figures 11-17). Banks of rivers and streams, sands, taluses, clayey outcrops, and among herbs or shrubs, often in riparian meadows; climbing on shrubs and tall grasses, producing supple decumbent stolons in exposed habitats, and bearing abundant fruit.—E. Siberia: Ang.-Say. Petroshilova village near Minusinsk, Angara River), Dau.: Far East: Ze.-Bu., Uss., Uda (southwestern part). Gen. distr.: Jap. -Ch. Described from the rocky hills of Dauria. Type in Geneva. Economic importance. Poisonous, containing dauricine, which acts violently on the stomach, and is the recognized cause of poisoning by the berries (E. Kardakova, Poisonous Plants of theFar East, 54); this plant deserves to be studied as a dye source and being very ornamental and rugged, is recommended for parks. 429 564 Note. Turchaninov reported that in Dauria he found no fruit-producing specimens among numerous staminate specimens; on the other hand, in the Ussuri area, fruits are produced in abundance. This fact suggests that the harsher climate of Dauria prevents the development of the ovary. Yet even in the village of Petroshilova, on the Yenisei, there are abundant fruit-bearing specimens. Cultivated specimens in Leningrad are always failing to bear fruit. Family LXVI. MAGNOLIACEAE J. ST. HIL.* Trees or shrubs, with alternate simple leaves and broad deciduous bracts, surrounding the flowering buds; flowers broad, solitary, the uppermost axial, bisexual; sepals and petals similar, imbricate; stamens free, numerous; anthers long, longitudinally dehiscing; pistils numerous, unilocular, borne spirally on elongated receptacle; ovules 2 or more; the numerous follicles form a dense aggregate fruit; seeds ovate, with a large oily endosperm and minute embryo. In the Tertiary (and even in the Cretaceous), the representatives of the Magnoliaceae were widely spread far beyond their present area of distribution and even reached the high latitudes of the Arctic. Magnolia capellinii Heer—Cretaceous, Sakhalin (Jonquieres); M. dianae Unger— Oligocene, Volga-Don area (Tim.); Eastern Caucasus Sarmatian (E.Georgia); M.aff. grandiflora — Paleocene, Lower Don area (Ushi); M. inglefieldii Heer—Early Tertiary or Upper Cretaceous, Ob area, Urals (Lozva); M. nordenskioldii Heer? — Lower Tertiary, Sakhalin (Mgachi); M. primigenia Unger—Oliocene, Volga-Don area (Tim.); M. putivlensis Krassn.— Paleocene, Lower Don area (Ushi) and Eocene, Middle Dnieper area (Putivl lavas); M. regalis Heer—Upper Cretaceous, Sakhalin (Jonquieres); and M. sp.— Lower Tertiary, in Sakhalin (Mgachi). Liriodendron procaccinii Unger—Sarmatian deposits, Black Sea area (Krynka); L. tulipiferum L.—Tertiary (Pliocene?), Altai area (Chingiz-Tau). 1. Carpels opening by a dorsal suture, persistent on receptacle, Heavies Cmbire oe eee eee ae. EN ess Lite ah. atten oho) aan mange *Magnolia L. ap Carpels narrow, folliculiform, indehiscent, deciduous when ripe; ISaveGHivrace'y ites: aoe Ute ee ke, ee ER een Me tee meen tee ¥Liriodendron L. it Carpels globular, baccate,borne on an elongated receptacle; leaves QMO Me Mee Vet Caen unr. ne nate Lesa ct te ecole 549. Schizandra L. C. Rich. Genus¥ MAGNOLIA L.* L. Gen. pl. ed. 1°(1737) 535, Flower buds enclosed in a deciduous sheath; flowers single, terminal; sepals 3, petais 6—12, in three whorls; anthers introverse; carpels on * Treatment by I.V.Palibin. 430 565 elongated receptacle; follicles numerous, drupe or berry, 1—2-seeded, persistent, dehiscing by a dorsal suture. *M. grandiflora L. Sp. pl. ed. 2 (1762) 755.—Ic.: Baillon, Hist. Pl. 1, p-. 133, f. 165—169; Sargent Silva of N. America I, tab. I—II (sub M. foetida Sarg.).—Exs.- Curtis, Second Distr. Pl. South. U.S. No. 4814. —Engish Bull. Bay, Big. Laurel; French, Magnolier; Polish, Bobrownick; German, Magnolie, Bieberbaum. Tree, erect with pyramidal crown and light brown bark; leaves oblong or ovate, acuminate, entire, coriaceous, short-petioled, upper surface of leaves glossy, glabrous, the lower covered with dense, short, rufous-brown hairs; flowers single, terminal; sepals 6, rarely 9 or 12, petaloid; petals ovate or oval, concave above, coriaceous, cream-colored, aromatic; stamens light purple proximally; styles borne in spirals on elongated receptacle; follicles coriaceous, 1-seeded; seeds cuneate, ovoid, triangular, red, pendulous on long arils when ripe. (Plate XXXIX, Figure 3). Grown on the southern shores of the Crimea, from Mshatka to Alushta and beyond, in gardens along the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus, from Tuapse to Adzharistan, throughout Transcaucasia, as well as in Lazistan, Trebizond, and other localities in Asia Minor and the Mediterranean region. In Central Asia, in Turkmenistan (Ashkhabad). It is a native of America, from North Carolina to Florida and Texas, where it grows in swampy forests along riverbanks. Genus* LIRIODENDRON* L. L. Gen, pl. ed. 1 (1737) 535 Flower bud enclosed in two caducous bracts; flowers terminal, solitary; sepals 3, petals 6,in two whorls; stamens numerous, extrorse; pistils spirally arranged; carpels on elongated axis, elongated-cuneate, dorsally keeled, becoming woody, elongated follicles, thickened at base, with one or two seeds. *L. tulipiferum L. Sp. pl. (1753) 535.—Ic.: Curtis, Bot. Mag., tab. 275; Sargent, Silva of N. America 1, tab. XIII—XIV.— Liran; English, Yellow Poplar, Tulip Tree; French, Tulipier. Tree, up to 50 and even 60m tall, with gray or reddish brown bark; leaves spirally arranged, glabrous, lyrate, long-petioled, with 2 bracts, dark above, light green beneath; flowers terminal, solitary, short-peduncled, shaped like a tulip, yellow-green; petals elongate-elliptic; stamens long, almost as long as petals; anthers longer than the filaments; stigma infundibuliform; fruit a lignified samara. (Plate XXXIX, Figures 1, 2). Natural habitat— eastern part of North America. Since 1640 cultivated in gardens and parks of Europe and North America, where it is one of the most beautiful trees, also grown in Crimean gardens, where it suffers badly from the climate, and is quite common on the Black Sea Coast of the Caucasus; south of Tuapse it becomes very common and is also cultivated in some parts of Central Asia (Tashkent). Gen distr.: N. Am. (from Massachusetts to Florida). 566 * From the Greek lirion—lily, and dendron —tree. 431 567 Genus 549. SCHIZANDRA * L. C. RICH** L. C. Rich. in Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. II (1803) 218, tab. 47 Flowers dioecious, perianth petaloid, 6—9-leafed; staminate flowers with 5 unusually short filamented stamens fused into a short, stout column; connectives dorsally connate in pairs, anther cells fused with the connective throughout their length, dehiscent by longitudinal splits; pistillate flowers without any rudiments of stamens, with very short-pediceled, subcylindrical, receptacle, densely covered with pistils; ovary 2-celled, stigma oblique, stout, broad, with 2 narrow crests inside the margin. Ovules one in each cell, pendulous. During ripening the fruiting receptacle elongates 50 times, causing the aggregate fruit produced from one flower to appear like an erect, unbranched raceme densely covered with red, globular berries; seeds with large endosperm; embryo with oblong, thick cotyledons, the radicle turned towards the hilum. Liana. 7 species, Japan-China, the Himalayas, Java, North America. 1. S.chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. Hist. des Pl. 1(1867) 148; Maxim. Mél. Biol, Vill) 3v0—a tl) Kors. ivan rH. Pe OG S02 hora. "omc 7) lame me Kadsura chinensis Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou VII (1837) 149. — Maximowiczia amurensis Rupr. Bull. Acad. XV (1857) 124, 142, 259, 439.—M. chinensis Maxim. Prim. Fl. Am. (1859) 31.;Ic.: Rupr. Bulle Acad. XV, 13'6;) abl 1; > Masia) Prem tabi. 1; kona sit a iSe ss @jarmees I, Plate 159.—In the Tungusic language, Kotsyalta. Liana; stems woody, climbing up to 8m, bark rugose, dark brown, branches directed upwards, often winding around main stem, young stems flexuous, with smooth, yellowish bark; leaves elliptic, obovate or obovate- elliptic, ca. 10cm long and 5cm broad, cuneate, gradually tapering to the tip, with few, often obscure teeth, somewhat fleshy, slightly hairy beneath along veins, dark green, often with red petioles and prominent midribs beneath; petioles ca.3cm; pedicels 1—4cm slender, pendulous; flowers dioecious, ca.2cm in diameter, perianth white, waxlike, with a pleasant aroma, sometimes becoming pink before end of flowering; tepals 6—9, the outer drooping, the inner convergent, oval-oblong, obtuse, often narrower than the outer, antherous column half as long as perianth; pistils numerous, rounded, with short beak (style) and crest, becoming dark red after ripening; fruit globular or obpyriform, the numerous ripe pistils, forming a rather large ''raceme''; seeds reniform, with verruculose surface. May-— June, Fr. September. (Plate XXXIX, Figures 4a-d). Mixed forests, particularly forest margins, streams and brooks, sometimes unbroken steppes, and coastal forests confined to sandy soil. In clearings where trees have been felled, it grows along streams, in the shade of rocks and thickets. Frequently climbing on trees to considerable heights. — Far East: Uss. and solitarily in Ze.-Bu., Sakh., Uda. Gen. distr.: Jap.-Ch. Described from mountains to the north of Peking. Type in Leningrad. Economic importance. The Goldi hunters regarded the berries of Schizandra as a valuable means of strengthening themselves; they * From the Greek schizo —to split, and andros —man and referring to the separation of the anthers from the receptacle. ** Treatment by V.L.Komarov. 432 568 reported (1895) taking the dried berries instead of other provisions on their sable hunts; a handful of the berries furnished enough strength to hunt sable all day. The berries contain a high concentration of sugar and malic acid and the seeds —in particular, the inner seed coat — contain a large quantity of essential oil; this oil is the cause of their aroma, as well as of their slightly acrid taste. The Chinese regard the bark, the roots, dried berries, and their peduncles (gelatinous decoction) as officinal but European medicine is as yet unacquainted with these remedies. Its abundant dark green and bright fruits make this liana a very desirable ornamental for parks and gardens. Familyx ANONACEAE DUNAL* Flowers usually bisexual, rarely unisexual, hypogynous or perigynous;_ sepals usually 3, free,or partially united; petals hypogynous, usually 6, in 2 whorls, rarely 4 or 3; stamens hypogynous, numerous, spirally aranged, the lower very short; anthers bilocular, dehiscing longitudinally, attached to the broad, truncate connective; carpels usually numerous, 1-multilocular; ovules erect or pendulous; fruit bacciform, rarely a capsule; seeds with plicate endosperm; embryo small, with short cotyledons. Trees or shrubs with aromatic wood and leaves. Leaves alternate-entire, exstipulate. Anonaceae have been found in the Tertiary deposits of Western Transcaucasia—Anona dsunsensis Palib. (Goderskii pass, Pliocene); on Sakhalin—Anona sachalinensis Kryst. Due, Eocene (Pilvo); and in the Middle Dnieper area ASiminospermum sp. (Volyanshchina). Genus*® ASIMINA ADANS. Adans, Fam. II (1763) 365, Flowers on drooping peduncles; sepals hypogynous, sessile, ovate or ovate-oblong; petals shorter than sepals; stamens linear-cuneate, crowded on receptacle; styles short, apical; stigmas sessile; ovules from 4 to 12, usually in 2 rows, anatropous; fruit on stout, ovate or oblong peduncle; seeds in 2 rows, with hard, cartilaginous, coriaceous cortex. Trees or shrubs, with entire, mesomorphic or subcoriaceous leaves. A. triloba (L.) Dunal. Mon. Anon. (1817) 83.—Anona triloba L. Sp. pl. (1753) 537.—Ic.: Curtis, Bot. Mag. tab. 5854; Sargent Silv. of N. Amer., fo tab. aa a Shrub or tree, with brown bark and oblanceolate, glabrous, acuminate, short-petioled leaves, tapering at base; sepals ovate, pale green, pubescent on the outside; petals obtusely acuminate, dark purple or wine-red, netted- * Treatment by I.V.Palibin. 433 (569) PLATE XXXIX. 1—Lirioodendron tulipiferum L., a) fruit; 2-Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal, pranch with fruit, flowers,b) stamens, c) seeds, d) cross-section; 3—Magnolia grandiflora L.; 4—Schizandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill., a) pistillate flower, b) stamen, c) ovary, d) aggregate fruit. 434, veined, wilcing early, the outer petals recurved, the inner upright, one-third the length of the outer; stamens yellowish-green, several on one axis, usually oblong, cylindrical or orbicular, usually slightly curved, angular; pulp juicy, sweet; seeds 10—12 per fruit, brown. (Plate XXXIX, Figure 2, a-d). Gen. distr.: N. Am. Cultivated for many years in gardens of the warm and temperate countries of Europe and North America. Asimina is cultivated in the USSR, in the gardens of Abkhazia (Sukhumi) and Adzharistan. Economic importance. The sweet, juicy, creamlike pulp is edible; because it spoils rapidly it is not suitable for export. Ss Family LXvil.LAURACEAE* LINDL. Flowers regular, bisexual or unisexual, in umbelliform or racemose inflorescences, few (2—5), small, greenish or yellowish; perianth 2-whorled, the tepals either basally connate or attached to broadened receptacle; stamens in 3—4 whorls, sometimes reduced to staminodes; filaments sometimes glandular, anthers dehiscing by valves; ovary superior, generally embedded in the hollow flower receptacle, unilocular; stigmas small; ovule solitary, anatropous; fruit bacciform or drupaceous; seeds without endosperm, embryo erect. Woody plants or shrubs, glandular in all parts, containing abundant aromatic oils; leaves alternate, rarely opposite, entire, coriaceous, ebracteate. The many finds of laurel in the Lower Tertiary deposits of the USSR, notably in the region of evergreen plants—i.e., in the European part of the Soviet Union and the Caucasian region—prove a much wider distribution of this family in the geological past as compared to its present limits; the laurel of the inlant part (Ukraine) survived to the Miocene (Sarmatian Krynka and Yafetid in the Sarmatia Sea). Cinnamomum ellipsoideum Sap. et Mar. and C. lanceolatum Unger — Paleocene, the Lower Don area (Ushi near Kamyshin), the latter also in Ciscaucasia, Pliocene (Argun); Western Transcaucasia, Pliocene (Goderskii pass), Eastern Transcaucasia, Sarmatian (Khvteeba); C. poly - morphym Heer-— Oligocene, the Middle Dnieper area (Mogilno, Ryzhany); Sarmatian, Ciscaucasia (Bakanskaya, Adagum) and the Lower Tertiary, Ussuri area (Uglovskoe region); Oligocene, Western Transcaucasia (Sochi). — C. rossmaesleri Heer— Oligocene, Upper Dnieper area (Volyanshchina); Sarmatian, Eastern Transcaucasia (Khvteeba).—C. scheuchzeri Heer — Oligocene, Upper Dnieper area (Mogilno, Ryzhany); Sarmatian Ciscaucasia, (Bakanskaya, Adagum); Sarmatian Eastern Transcaucasia, (Khvteeba); in Western Transcaucasia (Goderskii pass); Lower Tertiary, Sakhalin, (Mgach.).—C. subrotundum Heer— Western Transcaucasia Sarmatian (Khvteeba). —C. ucrainicum Schmalh. — Oligocene, the Middle Dnieper area (Ekaterinopol); Upper Dnieper area (Volyn?). —C. aff.sezannense Wat. * Treatment by I.V.Palibin. 435 572 Pliocene, Western Transcaucasia (Olty). —C. sp. —collected in Sarmatian deposits in the Crimea (Akhtiar); Tertiary, Western Transcaucasia (Olty); Tertiary, Sakhalin- Ussuri area (Uglovskoe region) and Kamchatka (Komandory). The last three are doubtful. Laurus cf. Guischardii Gaud—in Sarmatian deposits of the Black Sea area (Krynka).—L. lalages Unger in the Oligocene of the Volga-Don area (Molotychi) and of the Upper Dnieper area (Mogilno); in Western Transcaucasia (Goderskii pass). —L. primigenia Unger — Paleocene of the Lower Don area (Osinovo Kharkov); in Oligocene of the Volga-Don area (Tim Molotychi); Ciscaucasia Lower Sarmatian (Apsheron); Mediterranean area (Kemakh, Khaivoldere); in Pliocene of Western Transcaucasia (Goderskii pass); Eastern Transcaucasia Sarmatian (Kakhetiya); Eastern Transcaucasia — Miocene (S. Osetiya), Sarmatian (lora), Sarmatian (Khvteeba). —L. princeps Heer— Paleocene of the Lower Don area (Osinovo Kharkov); Western Transcaucasia Sarmatian (Khvteeba). — L. schmidtiana Heer— Upper Cretaceous of the Zeya- Bureya area (Tsagayan).—L. vetusta? Unger — Paleocene, Lower Don area (Osinovo). Oreodaphne Heeri Gaud. var. eglandulosa Schmalhausen. In the Oligocene, the Upper Dnieper area (Mogilno).—O. ucrainica Krysht. Upper Dnieper area, Oligocene (Mogilno). Daphnopene excelivens Eichw.— in Paleocene, the Upper Wmenen area (Osinovo? Chernigov); Rudnya Baranivska. —D.(cinnamomum) lanceolata Ung.—Pliocene of Western Transcaucasia (Olty). Litsaea mangifera Saporta in Paleocene, the Lower Don area(Ushi). Persea palaeomorpha Schimp.— Paleogene, the Lower Don area (Tarasovka).—P. speciosa Heer. — Oligocene, the Upper Dnieper area (Mogilno). Sassafras ferretianum Mass.—Sarmatian, Black Sea area (Krynka). Genus 550. LAURUS * L. L. Gen, pl. ed. 1 (1737) 120; Sp. pl. (1753) 369 Flowers dioecious, in small umbellike inflorescences, enclosed ina globular involucre up to flowering; tepals 4, persistent; stamens 8—14, often 12; filaments bearing glandules at middle or at base, rarely the 2—4 outer ones without glandules. Staminodes in pistillate flowers, 4, with sagittate filaments, often bearing glandules on both sides. Drupe 1-seeded. Le. nobilis i. Sp.) pl: (1753), 529.--1e.-, Sibths etuSm: MieeGrace: tab. 3697) Rehbassil. serna. fio eG" osu Molin sarc alos @prned seid creamed kust., p. 244.—Exs.: Fl. exsicc. austro-hung., No. 1439; Ross. Herb. Siculum, No. 373; Hohenack. Arzn. u. Handelspfl. No. 128; Welwitsch. Iter lusitan., No. 62. — Tree or shrub, with smooth, brown bark; leaves alternate, simple, entire, coriaceous, evergreen, oblong or lanceolate, acute, acuminate or slightly undulant inside of margins, short-petioled, grayish green, glossy above, pale beneath; axillary inflorescences, numerous, 1—3-flowered, [terminal inflorescences] withshort pubescent pedicels, 4—6-flowered; scales of * Ancient Latin name of this tree; meaning obscure, perhaps from 1avare —to wash or from laus — pride, honor, praise. 436 involucre short-hairy or glabrous, tepals obovate, obtuse; fruit ellipsoid or ovoid, with jointed distally thickened peduncles, black when ripe. Lower forest zone, mainly on limestones. —Caucasus: W. Transc., starting at Dagomys, continuing south to the Turkish border, and through Mingrelia and Imeretia in the east. Economic importance. Laurel is very important as medicine and as food. The oil extracted from the fruit is officinal. In the south of the USSR it is cultivated everywhere as an ornamental plant. It contains essential oil (in the leaves 1.25%, according to Wemer); its fruit contains fatty oils (28% in the pulp, 72% in the seeds). The dried leaves are edible. 573 Order 21. Rhoeadales Enc. Flowers cyclic actinomorphic or zygomorphic with clear division into calyx and corolla, ovary 2- to many-carpelled; ovules with two integuments; pollen grains often with 3 nuclei. Endosperm nucleate. Herbs, rarely shrubs; flowers mostly in racemes. Leaves alternate, extipulate. Key to Families 1. Sepals 4—8; petals 8 or none, stamens 3—40, capsule open at apex. . lata teas ocd Oe peek, sie sand xy t's fagareme 2 #p, « Family LXXI. Resedaceae DC. + Sepals 2—4; petals 4 (in exceptional cases, more, or absent), fruit Ree eee ein Rn anes en tata’ env wiveehe Appetit noey's PRA e 2, es Bis a eoeoe la a lMost always, 2, Capsule ot 2—1 6 icarpels 5) fice cry ea hee SE tte eer eee nists 5. ah ie my Ae Family LXVIII. Papaveraceae B. Juss. v epi Steely aor. Carpels GUE Zirh eo wice.. sath. & rues orto col aesuyel os oa 3. 3. Fruit a capsule, berry or drupe, borne on a gynophore, seeds reniform. Flowers often slightly zygomorphic, stamens numerous, NN I radae midyas ema red mee apes Family LXIX. Capparidaceae Lindl. + Fruit a silique or silicle, sometimes a nutlet; sepals 4, in 2 whorls, Poaiews UO, Cb wiese 2 shorter and 2 longer’ >..." 2 6 aeteesscn veya i a ma Re ea a BA cin wis ein, Phe Family LXxX. Cruciferae B. Juss. Family LXVIII. PAPAVERACEAE B. JUSS. * Sepals 2, rarely 3 caducous at flowering either covering the entire bud (Pa paveroideae) or elsescalelike, minute, and not covering other parts of flowers in the bud (Hypecoideae, Fumarioideae); flowers actinomorphic or zygomorphic, bidentate (some Fumarioideae); petals usually 4, in 2 opposite pairs, rarely 5 or 6, free, very rarely (Adlumia) connate; stamens numerous, of an indefinite number (Papaveroidea e) * Treatment by M.G.Popov. 437 o74 575 or 4 opposite petals (Hypecoideae) or 2 opposite outer petals (Fumarioideae) and then each stamen parted, appearing as if composed of 3 connate stamens terminated by 3 anthers; a median 2-celled, and lateral 1-celled stamens. Ovary often 2-carpelled, rarely of 3-20 carpels, 1-celled or with incomplete [sic! ] spurious septa, with one style or sessile stigma; stigma of different forms: disklike, capitate, 2-partite or 2-lobulate; fruit usually a capsule dehiscent by 2 valves, rarely 3—6-valved or of many carpels and dehiscent by pores opening below the disklike stigma (Papaver); rarely fruit a small 1-seeded nutlet (Fumaria) or an elongated, siliquiform capsule breaking transversely (Hypecoideae); seeds usually small, black, glossy, smooth or striate or reticulate-pitted, with or without an aril. Annual or perennial herbs with milky juice (subfamily Papaveroideae) or without (Hypecoideae, Fumarioideae). Leaves alternate, or various shapes, sometimes much divided, rarely entire, opposite or whorled. This family is divided into three subfamilies (Papaveroideae, Hypecoideae, and Fumarioideae), sometimes considered as distinct families. Note. All species of Papaveraceae are more or less poisonous and are not normally eaten by livestock.—Corydalis and Papaver in particular provide interesting ornamentals. The most useful species is Papaver somnit emu mm: Key to Genera 1 Sepals scaphoid, tightly clasped in bud and completely enclosing other parts of the flower until flowering; petals broad, flat, entire; androecium polymerous, indefinite; seeds pitted-reticulate; milky juice usually quite fluid; plant often bristly or hairy, rarely glabrous “| (subfamily iPapaveroideae)'™ Po ook oe te Ee 2. # Sepals form a flat, usually small triangular calyx, in bud not enclosing the corolla; stamens 4 and simple or 2 and tripartite, seeds smooth or sulcate, not reticulate-pitted; inner petals 3-partite or dorsally keeled and crested; milky juice absent; gynoecium always dimerous; plants always glabrous (subfamily Hypecoideae, Mumarioideae) shh i eg: ee ee ne ee 6. an Gynoecium dimerous or 3—6-merous (Roeme Tsuie)) ved sans 2031 elongated siliquiform capsule, dehiscent to base by 2 or 3—6 valves BONS Gh, EO EVES: dye) MOP ete ome evus SEE EMI OU DST rae, atest ere Clean Seca ae 3. =: Gynoecium (3-) 4—20-merous. Fruit a capsule opening by pores below the: diskiikessiieriayne tasneee sree ea. cee rne meee 556. Papaver L. 3. Corollas red or violet. Capsule dehiscent by 3 or 4, rarely 2, rarely 5 or 6 valves, with filiform placentas detaching from valves. Stigma sessuley) Annual herbs; with bitid er treitid leaves” 2 2)... es eee pee dial ep a Cl loa te Raed ena enemies Nos Nicaea cat yeh his 555. Roemeria Med. a Corollas yellow, rarely red. Capsule always dehiscent by 2 valves 4. Capsule with spongy, thick spurious septa; stigma broadened, 2-lobed; corollas yellow, yellow with red or red with black spot; glaucous, xerophilous annual or biennial, rarely perennial herbs, with rosettes of slightly fleshy lyrate glaucous leaves. Seeds without appendage. Sie! durhe sarsb vise athe bie ae chek oats) aig Cece eas ad CAPE yee san 554. Glaucium Adans. 438 576 Capsule aseptate: seeds borne directly on placental cord, which is preserved when valves become loose; corollas always uniformly Tellow,) Seede wath crested appendage ij .jjaes) sis aiersy se \eowy wid estar 3) Pedicels 1—3, 1-flowered, arising from axils of ebracteate cauline leaves; stigma conspicuously 2-lobed; style long in fruit ....... ERs ten wee vin datt rut -oirer Sl PR thie dw, 8) Lele 553. Hylomecon Maxim. Inflorescence umbelliform. Pedicels arising from apex of axillary peduncle, surrounded by small basal bracts; stigma obscurely 2-lobed —capitate. Style short............. 552. Chelidonium L. Stamens 4, simple, opposite petals. Flowers actinomorphic, spurless, small, usually yellow; inner petals tripartite; the middle lobe cochlear, with fringed margin; fruit elongated, siliquiform, often disarticulating transversely. Annual small herbs, with leaves multifid into thin linear segments (subfamily Hypecoideae)....... ities ten Siig > oo, x fries tort! ay Settee has. devs 551. Hypecoum L. Stamens 2, tripartite, with 3 anthers each. Flowers either actino- morphic, outer petals with saccate basal extensions or zygomorphic, with spur formed by upper outer petal. Fruit a 2-valved capsule GmaomeA NTA MNUtIEE. «i “ici mecipsrkbale ted So. arerela.-aaladol cerca Te Flowers actinomorphic, large, in semiumbellate inflorescences; inner petals prominently keeled dorsally, outer petals with saccate banal extensions (tribe Dicient rie ae). 6 ese ots we ala ue & 8. Flowers zygomorphic, with spur, inracemes (tribes Corydaleae and Riepouraer Cle t te teeth oe Garde ak Ow enniepdrs dese .. - 9. Petals connate to three-fourths of their length; lower connate part resembles a jug, turning spongy in fruit and bearing narrow wings; climbing annual, up to 3 m long; with axillary inflorescences sts EE hae tok oridtevac€ ind afield acest s itty sud ace 557. Adlumia Raf. Petals free, not turning spongy in fruit. Perennial, with isolated few- flowered inflorescences borne on distal parts of leafless stems Sera bid ce Boactperiscepa rings, die Ueber @ cai cei 2 aCe Pay @ eb Chie 558. Dicentra Bernh. Corolla from 6 to 45mm long. Fruit a capsule. Seeds usually with appendage. Mostly perennial herbs ..... 559. Corydalis Medik. Corolla small; style deciduous in fruit; fruit a nutlet; seeds without eel Meh fate arte Gidak: Beas) Bldavw 4 ss. Gdiwe GGhioes ... LO: Corolla narrow, cylindrical; flowers in narrow racemes, usually pink-violet or white. Nutlet rounded, more or less regularly spherical RRs BEE tid tons, dann! Uhiceerio dealin wider itedtusidl) ee 560. Fumaria L. Corolla broader, on long pedicels, flowers yellow, borne singly in axils of leaves... .Nutlet.cylindrical ~ 5) . 3635) 561. Fumariola Korsch. Subfamily 1. HYPECOIDEAE Prantl et Kindigin Engl. Natulr. Pflanzenfam. IIL, 2 (1891) 137 (excl. gen. Pteridophyllum S. et Z.). Buds drooping before flowering; sepals small, triangular, not enveloping corolla up to inception of flowering, not curved at margins; petals 4, in 2 whorls; outer petals entire, oblong, or flabelliformly 3-lobed; inner petals tripartite, the middle lobe cochlear, with fringed ciliate margin; lateral lobes entire, oblong, usually with violet spots or nerves; stamens 4, simple, 439 Di 4 opposite petals; ovary dimerous; silique elongated, usually disarticulating transversely or not breaking, rarely dehiscent by 2 valves. Annual glabrous herbs, with narrowly dissected leaves, devoid of milky juice. Genus 551. HYPECOUM* L. L. Gen. pl. (1737) 32, Sepals semiscarious, ovate-triangular or oblong, much smaller than petals; petals white or yellow, rarely slightly pink-violet; stamens not exserted; filaments scarious, anthers linear, with a more or less conspicuous scarious mucro; stigma bipartite, with filiform branches sometimes fused into one linear stigma; fruit a silique disarticulating transversely, rarely dehiscent by 2 valves; seeds small, without appendage, gray or nearly black, somewhat rough or smooth, dull; annuals, rarely biennials, with a dense rosette of radical leaves; leaves short petiolate with oblong tripinnatisect blade; segments subsessile, nearly palmately bipinnatisect into linear or filiform lobules; stems several, overtopping leaves, inclined or decumbent and ascending, leafless below inflorescence, in inflorescence with much reduced, thinly dissected leaves; inflorescence dichasial, spreading. 1. Silique dehiscent by 2 valves, narrowly linear, erect. Seeds octa- hedral subgenus Chiazospermum (Bernh,) Mi Pep) oe ae De ar Silique indehiscent, fusiform, disarticulating into joints. Seeds flat, obliquelysovater(H y pete Om" sS. Strs)i> ae tere ee 2. Corolla yellow. Stigma branches longer, twisted or involute..... SERIA 2 AIO cy Ro BR Awa og ch Rok Oe ae Senet te ta PN a 1. H.erectum L. f Corolla white or white-pink. Stigma branches shorter, slightly GECUGEVieGd = sem ke ae ee H. erectum var. lactiflorum (Kar. et Kir.) Maxim. Sr Silique erect, with erect or horizontal but not recurved pedicel, not pendulous, readily disarticulating, rhombic in section.......... 4. ay Silique pendulous, on recurved pedicel, often disarticulating obliquely and with difficulty, sometimes almost inarticulate, rectangular in section with thick walls (series Pendulam.).......... kext cl <6 Bye 4. Flowers small, white or slightly violet; outer petals oblong, not lobed; middle lobe of inner petals cochlear, without fringed margin; silique very thin, narrowly linear, erect, on erect pedicel. (series Lieptocarpatin Vanes, Ri i sean, 2. H. leptocarpum Hook. et Thoms. ats Flowers large, yellow; outer petals 3-lobed, flabelliform, middle lobe of inner petals cochleariform, ciliate-fringed; silique more robust on horizontal pedicel, falcate or arcuate (series Procumentia m.). aan wy agile ASP RG taht eats Ria hay toll eet car i 6M cks See eR Pn 3. H. grandiflorum Bnth. 5. Corolla large; outer petals broadly flabelliform, 3-lobed, up to 15mm broad; stigma branches divergent, thin, long,up to4mm......2:% Ee eRe A TORE haere Ca Te: wradee Seana acer 4. H.trilobum Trautv. * From ancient Greek root, but root and meaning not clear. 440 |78 on Corolla small, ugly; outer petals obscurely 3-lobed or entire; stigma branches short, divergent or not separating ..........., 6. 6. Outer petals slightly broader, obscurely 3-lobed; stigma branches usually not divergent; silique disarticulating, outer epidermis peeling Perit \undes te strips”... ee ee ee 5. H.parviflorum Kar. et Kir. + Silique not disarticulating even at maturity, epidermis not peeling off; outer petals narrower, oblong, without any trace of a lobe; stigma eee naee SOE EO IVEPOCIE Ste fc. e es Be 6. H. pendulum L. Subgenus 1. CHIAZOSPERMUM (Bernh.) M. Pop.; Bernh. in Linnaea XII (1838) 62, gen. — Silique dehiscent by valves; seeds octahedral. 1. H.erectum L., Sp. pl. (1753( 124; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 93; Fedde, mee sts pus, Pi, sib. i Dal'n. Vost. I, 3;°Kryl., Fl. Zap. ‘Sib. VI, 1230;— Chiazospermum erectum Bernh., l.c.; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 92.— ; Crlactiflorum Kar. et Kir. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XV (1842): Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 745.—C.erectum var.lactiflorum Maxim., Enum. pl. Mong. (1889) 36; Fedde, 1.c. 97.—Ic.: Bush, l.c. Annual; leaves glaucous, dissected into filiform lobules; stem beyond its middle becoming diachasial, many-flowered inflorescences; pedicels erect, strong, up to 3cm; sepals ovate-triangular,acute,narrowly membranous only at margin, 2—3 mm long. Corolla yellow (var. typicum) or pinkish- white (var. lactiflorum (Kar. et Kir.) Maxim. ), large; outer petals broadly flabelliform, 3-lobed, up to 15mm broad, and as long; middle lobe with green herbaceous nerve distally, inner petals tripartite, with large lateral lobes, with violet nerves, and with a small cochleariform middle lobe shorter than the lateral and without fringed margin; siliques narrowly linear, erect, up to 7—8 cm long, 1.5mm broad dehiscent by valves; valves with parallel longitudinal nerves; internal septa either thin and quite transverse (var.typicum) or thicker and inclined to the right and left alternately (var. lactiflorum (Kar. et Kir.) Maxim.); seeds flattened, octahedral, dark brown, ca.1.3mm ong; stigma short-bipartite, with widely (var.ty picum) or slightly (var.lactiflorum (Kar. et Kir.) Maxim.) open lobes. May—August. (Plate XLV, Figure 5, a, b). Stony slopes, sandy pine forests and steppes, weed-infested places. — W. Siberia: Alt., Irt.; E. Siberia: Dau., Ang. -Say.; Centr. Asia: Balkh. (Lake Zaisan, Arganaty mountains — var.lactiflorum). Gen. distr.: Dzu. -Kash., Mong., Jap.-Ch. (N. China). Described from Siberia. Type in London. Note. H.lactiflorum should not be accepted* as aspecies, since all its characters — except the color of the corolla—i.e., the length and curvature of the stigma lobes, the inclined septa, and the paucity of flowers, are linked. by transitional stages with the typical yellow-flowered H. erectum. H. lactiflorum represents the more southern, more xerophilous type. * Since the yellow -flowered variety in Siberia and the white-pink variety in Central Asia have fixed ranges, it may be assumed that they are independent species. (Editor). 44] 579 580 Subgenus 2. EU-HYPECOUM M. Pop.— Fruit disarticulating transversely; seeds flat. Series 1. Leptocarpa M. Pop. — Pedicels and siliques erect, siliques thin, erect, readily disarticulating; middle lobe of inner petals not fringed. 2. H.leptocarpum.Hook. f. et Thoms., Fl. ind. 1 (1855) 276; Hook. iron lel. donee, dhol, I, 20s Ineclele, Nees, Beh Biennial; root stout, vertical yellow; rosette of radical leaves dense, short, much shorter than stem; leaves glaucescent, 2- to 3-pinnatisect into small linear acute lobes; stems spreading, ascending in upper part; . inflorescences dichasial, few-branched, 2—5-flowered; pedicels thin, erect, 2—7mm. Flowers small; sepals small, 2—2.5mm long, ovate, acute; corolla small, violet-whitish; outer petals oboblong, entire,not lobed, obtuse,ca. 6mm long; stigma 2-partite, with short recurved branches; siliques erect, not pendulous, narrowly linear, thin, 2—3 cm long, 1—1.5 mm broad, readily disarticulating; silique compressed-rhombic in cross section, torulose along | edges, with fine longitudinal nerves. June. Stony slopes and dry riverbeds. — Centr. Asia: Pam. -Al. (Shugnan, Darvaz, seldom). Gen. distr.: Ind.-Him., Dzu.-Kash., Tib., Mong., Jap.-Ch. Described from the Himalayas. Type in London. | Series 2. Procumbentia M. Pop. —Pedicels horizontally spreading; silique ascending, not pendulous, usually bent, compressed- rhombic in section; middle lobe of inner petals with fringed margin. | 3. H.grandiflorum Benth., Cat. pl. Pyr: (1826) 91; Boiss:, HljOr. 1, 4] 125; Busch in Fl. cauc. crit. III, 4, 6; Fedde,l.c. 91.—Ic.: Gartenfl. tab. 1060; Bonnier, Pls, ill) Prance, ly tab.,26) 1. tab. — EP xs: Bowrceaewale Pyrén. Espagn. No. 333. | Annual; stems 10—20cm high, numerous, stoutish, rising or ascending; | leaves green, long, attaining half the length of the stem or more, with distant | pairs of segments, tripinnatisect, with long acute lobes; inflorescences many-flowered, with numerous furcate branches, inflorescences and pedicels long, the latter horizontally spreading but not recurved,4cm long. Corolla | yellow, rather large; sepals oblong, acute or subaristate-acuminate, 3—5 mm long; outer petals flabelliform, 3-lobed, ca. 8mm wide; inner petals with small violet dots, middle lobe long-fringed, longer than lateral lobes; style 2-partite with strongly reflexed long slender branches ca. 1.5mm long; silique ascending, falcate or hamate, rather thin, 3—5cm wide, flattened, with prominent longitudinal nerves, readily disarticulating; seeds dark brown, 1.5mm long. April— May. (Plate XLV, Figure 4). Wormwood steppes and stony slopes.— Caucasus: E. and S. Transc. (Karyagino district, Armenia rarely). Gen. distr.: Arm. -Kurd., Bal. -As. Min., Med. Described from Spain. Note. This species has relatively small flowers, much thinner and longer pedicels, and narrower and less torose siliques. It is surely a variety of the polymorphous group H. grandiflorum.-—Fedde's record for Central Asia (Khiva, Willkomm, No. 124), is extremely doubtful. 442 81 Series 3. Pendula M. Pop. — Siliques pendulous, with arcuate pedicels, compressed-tetragonous in section, dehiscing with difficulty; flowers same as in preceding order. 4, H.trilobum Trautv. in A.H.P. IX (1884) 366 et IX, 2 (1886) 438: Peddenie ese Gol hxs = Heer. A.M: No: 561. Annual; stem 15—30cm high; segments of glaucous leaves sessile or short-petioled, broad, palmately or pinnately 1- or 2-sect into filiform- linear acute, slightly divaricate lobes; inflorescence usually strongly branched, dichasial; sepals small, ovate, obtuse, ca.2mm long. Corolla large, bright yellow; outer petals flabelliform, obtusely 3-lobed distally, 15—20mm broad; middle lobe of inner petals as long as the lateral, crisply ciliate-margined, lateral lobes with large violet spots, entire at apex; stigma 2-partite, with filiform, ascending, 2mm long branches; siliques fusiform, pendulous when mature, flattened-tetragonous in section, with one abruptly carinate nerve below in middle of valves and an obscure network of lateral nerves, breaking with difficulty along sutures, few-faceted, moderately angular, canaliculate, suberect; seeds gray, obliquely ovate, ca. 2mm long. April—May. (Plate XLV, Figure 1, a-h). Fields and clayey slopes in the semidesert zone. —Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm., Amu D., Pam. -Al. (western part), Syr D. (only Mirzachul), Balkh. (confined to the Ili). Gen. distr.: Iran. Described from Kizylarvat (Turkmenia). Type in Leningrad. 5. H.parviflorum Kar. et Kir. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XV (1842) i@t; Tdb.; Fl. Ross. I, 745; Fedde; 1l.c., 96.—H. pendulum var. parvi@i lorum Kryl.,: Fl. Zap. Sib. Ic.: VI (1931) 1230.—Ie.: Opr. r. Okr>\ Jashk,. “H.--Exs::| HFR No. 1851; H.F.A.M. No. 560. Annual; radical leaves almost half the length of the stem, glaucous, trisected as in preceding species into linear-filiform acute lobes; stems ascending; inflorescences few-flowered with elongated branches; pedicels and peduncles short, not larger than 1—1.5cm; peduncles thick, recurved; sepals triangular-ovate, acute, 1—1.5mm long, submembranous, often obscurely toothed. Corolla sulphur-yellow, small; outer petals obovate or oblong, obscurely 3-lobed, ca. 7mm long, 5mm wide; inner petals with violet spots, their middle lobe as long as the lateral lobes, with very short- fringed margin; stigma usually entire by cohesion or connection of branches, usually helicoid or very short bipartite at tip; silique pendulous, suberect, thick, compressed-tetragonous in section, with one abrupt carinate nerve along middle of valves and an obscure network of lateral nerves, moderately angular, breaking with difficulty, to 6-7cm long, 3—3.5 mm wide, in ripe fruit epidermis peeling off liberating the pints; seeds gray, nearly as in H.trilobum. April— May. (Plate XLV, Figure 2, a,b). Fields, clayey, rarely stony slopes in foothills of mountains and lower mountainous zones; also in sandy and clayey-stony deserts.— W. Siberia: Alt.; Centr. Asia: entire region. Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash., Iran., Ind.-Him. Described from the area of Lake Balkhash. Type in Leningrad. 6. H.pendulum L., Sp. pl. (1753) 124; Boiss., Fl. Or. I, 125; Shmal'g., Fl. 1,39; N. Busch in Fl. cauc. crit. Il, 4; Fedde, l.c. 95.—H. cauca- sicum G.D.J. Koch in Ldb., Fl. Ross. I (1842) 94. 443 582 Annual; whole plant similar to H. parviflorum but outer petals entire, without a trace of lobes, oblong; middle lobe of inner petals longer than the lateral lobes; stigma short but distinctly 2-partite, with divergent branches; epidermis not separating even in fully ripe fruit; fruit almost not breaking. April—May. (Plate XLV, Figure 3). | Clayey and rocky slopes, weed-infested places; sometimes in semideserts European part: L.V., Bl. (rarely), Crim. (often); Caucasus: Dag., S. and E. Transc. (often). Gen. distr.: Med., Atl. and Centr. Eur., Bal. -As. Min., Iran. (the geographical boundary between H. parviflorum and H. pendulum has not been precisely determined. Describedfrom Southern} France (Provence). Type in London. Subfamily 2. PAPAVEROIDEAE Prantl et Kiindig, 1. c.— Buds drooping up toinception of flowering; boat-shaped large green sepals form a closed receptacle enveloping all the remaining parts of the flowers; petals 4 (2+ 2), rarely 6 (3 +3) or 5, obovate, oblong, orbicular or reniform, large, flat, not dissected, without any outgrowths, keels, appendages, or spurs, almost unclawed; stamens many. Ovary 2- or polymerous; fruita capsule, siliquiform or opening by pores. Milky juice thick, white, yellow, or orange. Herbs, usually hairy or bristly, rarely glabrous. Tribe 1. CHELIDONIEAE Rchb., Hand. (1834) 264 p.p.; Fedde, Papav. 203. — Milky juice orange; ovary 2-merous; apical stigma capitate, 2- lobed; fruit a reniform capsule with slender, persistent after dehiscing of valves, placentas supporting the stigmas; seeds appendaged. Perennial forest herbs. Genus 552. CHELIDONIUM L.* L. Gen. pl. ed. 1 (1737) 150 Petals yellow, small; stamens few, filaments thin, anthers oblong; ovary 1-celled, cylindrical; style conspicuous remaining short, thickish, cylindrical even in fruit; stigmasmall, scarcely broader than style, obscurely 2-lobed-capitate; capsule slender, siliquiform, dehiscing by 2 valves from base to apex; style 2mm long. Milky juice thick, orange. A perennial herbaceous plant with a short rootstock. Stems leafy, branching; leaves glaucous beneath, glabrous or slightly crisply hairy, large, somewhat lyrately pinnatisect witn large, irregular, capitate-spatulate segments, radical leaves few, short-petioled; pedicels umbelliformly arranged in axils of upper cauline leaves, basally bracteolate, shorter than leaves. Milky juice poisonous; it is of interest to the metallurgical industry because it contains certain alkaloids and acids. 1. Comajus li. Sp. ply (1753) 505. Judb., (el. Ross...) 91s Soicce amine Or. 1, 1245 shmealtio., il. 1) 38: Ne, Busechian Hiksecauc. (exit. ile eae * Literal meaning in ancient Greek — "swallow grass," probably because the flowers blossom about the time the swallows arrive [in Greece] and wither on their departure. 444 ray 1183 ieee ste. I ae a. Vost., 10; Kryl., Hl Zap. Sib: .Vi, 1232°-Kormn., ‘Fi. Manchzh. II, 339; Kom. i Alis., Opred. Rast. Dal'nevost. kraya I, 568. — C. luteum Gilib. Fl. lithuan. (1781) 211.—Ic.: Rchb., Ic. Fl. Germ. III, fag. 2, 1. 4206.—Pxs.: HER No. 154. Perennial; stems ribbed, up to 100cm high, branching above, erect, glabrous or hairy beneath and at nodes; radical leaves few or many, most often with 5 pairs of segments, the proximal ones reduced, the terminal segment somewhat larger; petioles shorter than blade; segments irregularly incised crenate-spatulate, obtuse, often with basal accessory lobe in the form of an auricle, sessile and decurrent along rachis, upper segments often 3-lobed, the lower usually petioled; cauline leaves few, remote, with fewer segments than the radical leaves, very short-petioled, upper leaves sometimes subsessile. Segments glaucous beneath (very rarely green), glabrous, often crisply puberulent. Peduncles 5—10cm; pedicels 3—8, somewhat unequal, as long as or slightly longer or shorter than the capsule. Flower buds oval-globular or obovate, obtuse or barely acuminate, glabrous or arachnoid, 7-—10mm long; petals bright yellow, oboblong or obovate, 8—16 mm long; capsules erect, slightly flattened, 2—5cm long, 2—3mm broad; seeds 1—2 mm long, black, oblong, with rows of punctate pits and a separate ribbon- like appendage. Fl. May—July, Fr. July—September. (Plate XL, Figure 1). Open forests, groves, gardens, truck gardens, built-up areas, and fields. — Throughout the European part; all of the Caucasus (sporadic); all of Siberia with the exception of the Arctic; Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb. and T. Sh. (eastern part). Gen. distr.: all Europe up to the northern coasts of the Mediterranean, E. Mong. Ch. with the exception of Tib., introduced into Atl. N. Am. Described:'In ruderatis Europae" (Linn., l.c.).. Type in London. Note. The genus Chelidonium must be regarded as monotypic. Previously described species related to C. majus, C. laciniatum Mill. (1768) and C. grandiflorum DC., (1824) afford classical examples of mutations of C. majus. C.laciniatum Mill., representing the western form, may be encountered in all the western provinces of the USSR, including the regions of Moscow and Leningrad. It differs from the type by its strongly incised leaf segments, dissected into lanceolate acute lobes, and by petals that are incised-dissected or else entire and acute. C. grandi- florum DC frequently differs by its larger corolla and shorter capsules, which are often shorter than the pedicels; the bracts are broad, ovate, obtuse. It is principally encountered in southern Siberia, from Altai to Dauria. Both species grow within the distribution area of the ''typical'' form and the intermediate crosses associated with it. The Siberian type differs in a general way from the European-Caucasian type by more elongated and narrower leaf segments, and often also by more numerous radical leaves, and more numerous segments; also, its leaves are almost always hairy beneath, whereas in the West glabrous plants grow with broader oval segments. Economic importance. According to Wehmer the bright orange juice of the root celandine contains 6 or 7 alkaloids: chelidonine, homochelidonine, protopine, sanguinarine, and others; the composition of the leaf juice is even more complex; the seeds contain 50—66% fatty oil which is not currently utilized. The milky juice is pungent and bitter, has an unpleasant odor and an acrid taste. It is used to remove warts; in the past, especially in Germany, the juice was used to treat gout, scrofula, and other diseases. 445 584 585 It has an inflammatory effect on the skin and some doctors have tried it as a cure for cancer. Medieval alchemists endeavored to find in the "golden'' root of the celandine some means of producing gold from less precious metals. In ancient Rome, according to Pliny, the plant was regarded as medicinal. The fresh foliage of the celandine, sprinkled with salt, are applied to sooth stomach swellings in sheep. Genus 553. HYLOMECON* MAXIM. Maxim Primit. fl. Amur. (1859) 36. Perennial, glabrescent herbs, with oblique 1—4-capitate rootstock. Milky juice thick, orange; stems leafy; leaves membranous, pinnately dissected, with strong serrate segments, radical leaves 1 or 2, long-petioled; — cauline leaves attenuate to stem apex, few, short-petioled. Pedicels 1-flowered, 1—3 at apex of stem, appearing as if arising from the axils of the upper leaves. Petals large, yellow; ovary 2-merous, 1-celled; style short in flower, considerably elongating in fruit; stigma small, distinctly 2-lobed, lobes often divaricate, rarely upright, covered with papillae confined to the inner side; stamens numerous, with yellow subfiliform filaments and oblong elongated anthers; capsule thin, siliquiform, sub- cylindrical, opening by 2-valves from base to apex; seeds large, with rows of punctate pits, with large flat riblike aril covering their entire length. 1... H.vernalis) Maxim.) 1. c.:.Kom., Fl. Manchzh. 11, 3374 — Hl. saneyo memera Bush, Fl. Sib. i Dal'n. Vost I, 6; Prantl. u. Kundig in Engler, Nat. Pflanzen- fam. III, 2 (1889) 139; Fedde in Engler, Pflzr. IV, 104, 209 (p. p.).— Ic. :) Maxim, 1. ¢.,, tab. .3;.Rel. ansGartenfl. 2X1) tab. 305. Poss Gp ey Nopm2aat Perennial; stem 20—40cm high, delicate; rootstock long, horizontal, brittle; [each year] 2—4 stems develop from rootstock, their base covered with brown scarious scales; leaves and stems glabrous; radical leaves with petioles up to 25cm long, simple-pinnate; blades 10—20cm long; segments (1—) 2—3-pairs, 2-8 cm long, 1—4 cm broad, oblong or rhombic- oblong, tapering basally, sessile and often decurrent along leaf axis, all segments of similar size, with slender accuminate tip, deeply unevenly biserrate, sometimes incised; terminal segment scarcely larger, often incised 3-lobed at apex; cauline leaves 2 or 3, approximate in upper part of stem, Similar to radical leaves but with shorter pedicels, or sessile; pedicels 3.5—7 cm, shorter than leaves, upright, somewhat arachnoid or glabrous. Flower buds 8—10 mm long, ovoid, pointed, glabrous or covered with sparse hairs; petals delicate, yellow, flat, rounded-obovate, 1.5—2 cm long; capsule upright, 2—8 cm long, 3mm broad, glabrous, coronate style up to 8mm long; seeds 2mm long. Fl. April—May, Fr. June—August. (Plate XL, Figure 2). Shady, leafy forests of the Manchurian type. — Far East: Uss. Gen. distr.: Jap.-Ch. Described from Amur. Type in Leningrad. Note. This mainland species of Hylomecon can be distinguished from from the insular H. japonica (Thunb.) Prantl et Kindig by its larger growth, more delicate, large, strongly acuminate leaf segments with more * From the Greek hylo — forest, and mecon — poppy — forest poppy. 446 deeply biserrate margins, and the slight difference in size between the lower and the upper segments. Also the flowers of H. vernalis seem to be larger and brighter, and the silique longer than the corresponding organs in Japanese species. These differences are negligible and do not exceed those between Chelidonium majus and C. grandiflorum. On the Japanese Islands occur two types of Hylomecon, one with very reduced lower segments and a short apical segment, the other with subequal segments and a long acuminate apical one, but with a minute and evenly serrate margin (var. subintegra Fedde); the latter is especially close to H.vernalis Max. Tribe 2. PAPAVEREAE Rchb. apud Moessler, Handb. ed I (1827) p. LVIII; Fedde in Pflanzenr. IV, 104, p. 221; Prantl u. Kundig in Engl., Nat. Pflzfam. Ill, 2, 141.— Annual, biennial or perennial herbs. Milky juice white or yellow, rarely orange. Ovary 2-merous or 3—20-merous. Stigma expanded,.sessile, sometimes disklike, its lobes connate so that the stigmas appear as strips overlying the placentas (style absent or nearly absent). Fruit a siliquiform capsule dehiscing by valves or a reduced capsule opening by pores below the disklike stigma. Seeds without appendage. Genus 554. GLAUCIUM* ADANS Adans, Fam. d, plant. II (1763) 432; Fedde l.c. 221, Annual or biennial, rarely perennial, slightly hairy herbs, with vertical root. Milky juice confined to roots, thin at first, later becoming thick. Stems branching, large, brittle; flower stalk solitary, axillary or terminal, 1-flowered remaining short, erect, rarely elongated, rarely recurved in fruit; flower buds acute; petals yellow or yellow [above] and red beneath or entirely red, in the last two cases with basal oblong black spot; stamens yellow, numerous; filaments slender; anthers elongated, linear; ovary 2-merous, 2-carpelled; style inconspicuous; stigma large, of 2 connate lobes flattened from side of valves, in lateral view hastate triangular, broader than high, with 2 laterally divergent horizontal or recurved horns; capsule siliquiform, long, usually cylindrical-linear, up to 25cm long, dehiscing by 2 valves; valves rigid, subject to delayed and difficult dehiscence. Placental cords robust, united by a thick spongy septum produced from the fusion of 2 opposite [inwards-growing] placentas; seeds rather large, black, reticulate- pitted, slightly curved, oblong-reniform, without aril. Note. The genus Glaucium should be divided into seven series. Six of these are listed below; the seventh Contortuplicata (type G. contortuplicatam Boiss., N.Iran).— is distinguished by its curved pedicels and subglabrous irregularly curved siliques, dehiscing from apex to base. * From the Greek glaucos — glaucous, since the typical species of this genus have a uniform glaucous bloom, 447 Gapsullendehiscimg: fomastow, to sbottOna ys Eyce as ee wee eee 2.1 Capsule dehiscing from bottom to top, i.e., from base to apex..... 8. Ovary densely white-villous from slightly wavy, soft, white hairs. Ripe capsules more or less densely covered with identical hairs or bare. Flower buds canescent. Stems usually more densely leafy (Series Cornmiculata: aa iee. o..> undp ene asued lace eau: eikeneehae nc eee 3h Ovary covered with appressed, erect, acicular, squamiform or papillary bristles or tubercules, or ovary glabrous. Stems medium- leafy, »,Annual ormbiennial plamtse - ..-. os, 4 & Sees ke cue nce eee eee 5. Fruit stalks short, curved below. Siliques falcately curved, with erect apex, much shorter. Stigma small. Ovary densely hairy. Radical and cauline leaves entire, not pinnate, crenate... 1. G.insigne M. Pop. Fruit stalks erect. Siliques straight or slightly arcuate, projecting upward, very long. Leaves pinnatisect; lobes rather narrow..... 4. | Flower buds 1—2 cm long, rarely 3cm. Petals 1—3 cm across; VidEiOUS! yCOlORCOba ame Guu. 2 iene 2. G.corniculatum (L.) Curt. Flower buds 2.5—4cm long. Petals 3—5cm in diameter, reddish Orange wath basaleviGlet sSpOtu. clit ecules aes 3. G. grandiflorum Boiss. Annuals (or biennials). Petals pale violet-red with black spot. Siliques glabrescent or glabrous, very thick at base, with insignificant thickened pedicles (series Oxyloba m:-)."..... . 4. 5.) a rach dntaceaterrt ya Relic ep Nets aut ea a Tec Or uae mC ACC OP nal 4. G.oxylobum Boiss. et Buhse. Biennials. Petals often yellow, rarely reddish orange, sometimes with basal red spot but never with basal black spot. Capsules not so thick proximally (Series Hlava: mi.) . .. .)saclcesne ec 6. Siliques thinner, 2—3 mm thick, glabrous, smooth, often slightly moniliform owing to constrictions between the seeds. Petals orange Wathva basal . 8). 2s). oe EOE PE Tet NU epee Kaye orn Section 3. Pseudo-pilosa M. Pop. a Disk small, narrow, pyramidal, 4—6-rayed, much narrower than the capsule. Flowers numerous, in racemiform-paniculate inflorescences overtopping the stem: )"Bicnnials’(p.475)). 225. se) =e eis NER Rae eer WR ORR ae tay ty Section 4. Milthantha Bernh. 5. Capsules with rigid bristles (very rarely glabrous). Disk always small small, convex, its rays ascending,pectinate, united by a rigid coriaceous membrane. Filaments usually clavately thickened distally (p. 479) RE Fal ROM etree MeO lee AC bie NA Lala! Wile hae Section 5. Argemonorhoeades Fedde. aff Capsules plabrous: fs We tare eT ce ate Sa hns Mme OL ntn nO ot a re ea 6. 6. Stigmatic rays pectinately ascending, united by a rigid scarious membraneous margin, their tips recurved onto the capsule. At maturation the entire disk readily falling off as an operculum. Anthers black, suborbicular, the connective bearing a small yellow globular appendage "(pt 484)e 1-181 2 ee Section 6. Carinata Fedde. + Disk flat, scarious; the tips of the rays recurved only in the young capsule; rays developed as scarcely elevated papillary lines, not ASCSM? ie 15 MIN a a Eee nama GE NCR” kon ap a Mata ae ef er er! {2 7. Cauline leaves not amplexicaul (rarely amplexicaul, in other species, not growing inthe USSR), more dissected. Filaments slender, filiform. Basic chromosomal number 7 (p7484) 2, 2.215 seen aia Mare te: Wee tae ek TIM RR Det ak gS Toptene Vee tatu t emer pane Section 7. Orthorhoeades Fedde. + Cauline leaves amplexicaul, subentire. Filaments clavately expanded ab above middle. Basic chromosomal number 11.— Larger herbs (p. 492) fi EL) SAE SERRA TS Mae at REED Soa aE Section 8. Mecones Bernh. Section 1. SCAPIFLORA Rchb., Fl. Germ. excurs. (1832) 700; Fedde in Pflanzenr. IV, 104 (1909 366.—Lasiotrachyphylla Bernh. in Linnaea VIII (1833) 463. —Stems very reduced, simple or more or less branching, resembling the branches of the rootstock, creeping or cespitose; peduncles long, longer than the leaves, 1-flowered; leaves all radical, petiolate; capsules oval, orbicular, oblong or clavate, often setose, rarely glabrous. Disk of the setose capsules without or nearly without scarious extension of rays, poorly developed, as broad as capsule; disk of the glabrous capsules scarious; petals most often yellow, yellowish orange, rarely white or whitish pink or orange-red, never with black or violet spot (sometimes base of petal turns dark blue upon drying, imitating a black spot). — Plants of the alpine mountain zones or the Arctic, in eastern Siberia also meadow and even steppe plants. All the species described below, except P. lisae, have occasionally been recognized as subspecies and varieties of P. nudicaule L.s.1. (for example, by Ledebour, Busch and Fedde). But only recently —starting with Lundstrom —have the more outstanding types of this collective species been recognized as separate small species. A.J. Tolmachev was especially successful in selecting the outstanding types from Siberia. It must be borne in mind that his descriptions, as well as of those small species do not 458 601 602 provide clear-cut morphological boundaries between related species, for especially where several such small species grow together there are numerous transitional forms between them. Thus we may consider these species as newly-originating, rather than as already formed, and in describing them as species we shall actually be anticipating nature. In spite of this, however, it would serve no purpose to return to the meaningless P. nudicaule L.s.1., because thereby all the results of studies on the varieties of this species would be lost. In any case, those who have been unsuccessful in determining precisely the small species, due to lack of specimens or because they have a type that is transitional among some species, may refer to P. nudicaule L.s.1. in the same way as one refers to Artemisia maritima L.s.l. and Euphrasia officinalis L.,s.1. thereby giving a more precise indication than the plain generic designation: Papaver or Artemisia. 1. Low-growing plants of the alpine mountain zone or the Arctic, 5—15, rarely up to 20—30cm high. In many species milky juice yellow. fewer buds usually aenselyudark-hainy.iyl. eit) ioe ole ays el epegae) + ss as + Reavers plants; (2 0-GOicar high’... ow eect ee we te ee Pi. 2. Corolla orange, yellowish orange or orange-red, not pure yellow ... 3. + Corolla pure yellow or white or whitish pink, rarely orange (some Pees ee PY anepatvieliwin) oe... Ld Saude pda.” « 4, 3. Corolla minute, ca. 2cm in diameter, long persistent after flowering, enclosing capsule. Peduncles much longer, up to 40cm. In the Pamirs er the alpine) zone.) . ..t 02" bee aes 14. P.involucratum M. Pop. ap Corolla 2—3.5cm in diameter, soon deciduous. Peduncles 10—20cm. Breyer, Kamchatka . 9)... es a 12. P.microcarpum DC. + Corolla 3—4cm in diameter caducous. Peduncles 5—15cm. Alpine zone, Tien Shan, and southern Altai ..... 15. P.tianschanicum M. Pop. 4. (Leaves’bipinnate, subglabrous ..........4. 2A. Pynivale—iA. Tokn. fe Leaves simple-pinnate, more or less villous..............-. a: 5. Corolla white-pink. Peduncles short. Kamchatka ........... RE MAb cota t eet, OE aI Pale Re eke nthe oe 13. P.alboroseum Hulten. + Corolla yellow, rarely white or whitish pink ..........20555. 6. 6. Flower stalks with spreading hairs, dark rufous above. Flower buds densely covered with black hairs ..... 1... eee ee eee eee ees Us + Peduncles often appressed and moderately dark, sometimes all gray. Piewer huds less black-hairy -<.0.8 4. 2a Pelee Sela. 8. 7. Stamens few, barely longer than ovary. Anthers oval- rounded. 2 og 3 ee CRA ee a ee a ok ee er 18. P. radicatum Rottb. + Stamens numerous, markedly longer than ovary. Anthers oblong- linear. Alpine zone of Altai and Sayans......-- 2 eee eee eee MRS Oe ees ke on OY Oe ee es 17. P.pseudocanescens M. Pop. 8. Leaf segments narrow, linear, elongated, extended. Corolla ca.3cm across. Capsule graceful, clavate, tapering at base into a pedicel. Lower reaches of Yenis€i ..°...... 0%. 20. P.angustifolium A. Tolm. as Leaf segments broader, not narrowly linear, capsule broad, not tapering at base into a pedicel. Corolla slightly larger ......-. 9. 459 ING Piants stocky, 0=2— Woaremimnrallyoneay,, cence Wace SigtOSe ei. se: mae 10. Plants taller, up to 30cm. Capsules more elongated, averaging IbSJsoouoay sway iWeravensloy, olla) IeCiasiaswley 5 od u8s 3 4 21. P.lapponicum Nordh. Arctic region, lower reaches of Yenisei...19. M.pulvinatum A. Tolm. Mi onliois, zzCpalevon AUBYcloave we Ga oho s Ale Gl 6) Bk 16. P.canescens A. Tolm. Capsules glabrous (or glabrescent), with solitary bristles....... ithe Capsules, with bictStles miami. carota cette yc teM emt ae ah v4 erie lee ee ene ere Gs Disk scarious; rays and scarious extension of the margin very Well Gefinede He kee) aaa Ns oN tiated, Aetna nice kk Ue, belt ete meee eS WS. Scarious extension of rays very weakly developed or obsolete Transbatkea lian: Rie) cee tet cm cae eM ae Tekan be 3. P.leiocarpum Turcz. Capsules small, ca.10mm long, very beautiful, narrow. Peduncles slender. Leaves small. Flowers ca.3cmindiameter ........ 14. Capsules usually larger or large, up to23 mm long, thick. Peduncles thick, leaves large: YElowers larver, 6— cm im diameter) > - ana Bye Capsule entirely slabrouws.” Disk without central mucro a aen BOER, SRY ake cae eth nen rm OMRAE Oe, ORR AR ERO RE ic. ap ep eee ae 4. P. stubendorfii A. Tolm. Capsule with Solitary: bristles. Disks Pointe Cit ten cn. scart nee eee Oh Lara hii Sah cclin ea acces a RANE eb ves n ahd Ree ee 5. P.pseudo-stubendorfii M. Pop. Rudiments of stems 1—3cm long. Capsule very large, to 23 mm long. Leaves glabrescent. Disk pyramidally ascending. Northern CAUCASUS BON Wi Nai ce ee ae cl RI OUR a ae i as Me ee Oe el Dee 1. P.lisae N. Busch. Quite stemless. Leaves and peduncles bristly. Capsule smaller, 16é—1" mmilong) Disk ilar, “Amur, sUsiswrer © > 2.) is anondalumarecicler Flower buds densely covered with silk hairs, white. Leaves gray, appressed-hairy. Xerophilous poppies of Dauria and Northern INNO WS OUTER. See ee ae ar ah ak wo Oe ae oh ch ae seu os anise ag ao ot MMR GDNt aR R Sa ATC hs lack Renee een ee ieee Flower buds with gray or rufous pubescence or bristles not densely covered with long Silky hairsie c+ Lye ee Seen Cele .a ge nee 18. Comolliavorancge= Gea alana -Hce wonlw ce ae 8. P. rubro-aurantiacum Lundsitr. Corolla: yellow. se see ey ein 8 ae? eth, 9. P. ledebourianum Lundstr. Corolla pure VWellowslians- 9 TIRE HOS VES Ae EEA in cee we le eh ane ee aS Corollavorange, ireshvordrieds.. PiU) s. ONG OS eS ae eee ee 20 Glabrous plant. Corolla small,ca.2cm across. Stems slender... SOMES « SRR SOUS SE Se VOT AES BRE aes 6. P.tenellum A. Tolm. Bristly plant. Corolla large, 4—6cm in diameter. Peduncles stout EA, EUR NT SUE, BSR TNO METS tte PSN AEE 7. P.nudicaule L. Flower buds with rufous pubescence as in P. nudicaule rarely gray. Leaf segments usually dentate or lobate. Tien Shan, Altai, LWPS IU STR. PR ME FMS 20, ZAP ER PE s N EN EP Pee nap, Be as Sem te 10. P.croceum Ldb. Pubescence of bud of short white hairs. Leaves glabrescent. Ayan coast RNP S ATED so Spee analy fecy Mere OE A SEER Re REA Mee le OU cagA Se reg P. ajanense M. Pop. P. lisae N. Busch in Trav. Mus. Bot. Ac. Sc. XIX (1926) 82.— PP. oneoph plum vam onanthuansinobitus fol Wurm Ns] Busch anei: Calles (erate slg 0)5) 45 — lies; Wachee tab. ile Perennial; stemless or often with reduced stems, 1—3cm long; leaves glabrescent, green, upto15 cmlong; petioles and underside of nerves witha crisp, rufous-white setose inconspicuous pubescence; petioles rarely slender, often expanded, flattish, slender, entirely deciduous; blade as long as or shorter, rarely longer than the petioles, oblong or ovate, 1-pinnate, lower pair of segments more or less drawn back, the remaining 3—5 pairs overlapping and confluent with base; segments large, ovate or oblong, large- 460 604 crenate, rarely entire, obtuse or subobtuse, rarely acute. Peduncles upright, large, thickish, 25—35 cm high, glabrous beneath, with rufous,nearly black bristles; corolla large, 6—8cm in diameter, orange-pink; petals caducous, broad, overlapping, undulant-dentate at front of margin; stamens numerous, borne on a broad belt, filaments yellow, anthers linear, scarcely overtopping the stigma; capsules glabrous, glaucescent, up to 23 mm long, oblong-clavate, with thick placental nerves and an obscure network of lateral nerves; disk small, pyramidally ascending, with broad, coriaceous, scarious-margined rays; rays 5—7, low, seeds reticulate-alveolate, alveoli with bladdery- inflated epidermis. July—August. Stones and grass plots in alpine zone, 2,000—2,500 m.—Caucasus: Cisc. (eastern part: Balkariya, Skalistyi Range, Sukan River). Endemic. Described from the Rtsyvashka glacier. Type in Leningrad. Note. Together with the Caucasian, P. monanthum, this species provides a link between the groups Scapiflora and Pseudo-pilosa. In most of its characters P. monanthum suggests Pseudo-pilosa, while P. lisae is closer to Scapiflora, from which it is distinguished mainly by the presence of a short, but visible stem. 2. P.anomalum Fedde in Engl., Pflzreich. IV, 104 (1909) 384.— P nwavcaule subsp..amunense N. Busch in. Fl. Sib. i Dal'n. Vost. 1 (1913) ,21. Perennial, small-tufted plant; leaves elongated, usually simple pinnatifid (lobate) or pinnatisect; lobes (segments) entire, narrow, obtuse, sometimes broader, lobate-dentate, obtuse; peduncles erect, long, 25—60cm. Flower buds ovate, large, sparingly pubescent, corolla white, rarely yellow or orange, large, 6-7cm in diameter; capsules glabrous, cylindrical, clavate or ovate or subglobular, small or large, with a quite flat disk; scarious extension of rays broadly fused, conspicuous. June— August. River valleys, dry slopes, elevated ridges among meadows, and cultivated fields. —Far East: Uss., Uda. Gen. distr.: Ja.-Ch. (northeastern China). Described from Hupeh Province, Wilson No. 2421. Type in Berlin, cotype in Leningrad. Note. P. anomalum has been described with a subspherical capsule and orange petals —such as are sometimes encountered in Amur; more often the capsules are elongated and the flowers white.* 3. P.leiocarpum Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. (1838) 86.—? P. miniatum Rchb., Pl. crit. VIII (i830) tab. 746 No. 989. Perennial; leaves of medium length; petioles much longer than blades; blade ovate or oblong, pinnatisect; segments rather approximate, of the 2—4 pairs the lower slightly drawn back, linear or lanceolate, acute, elongated, entire or (rarely) 2—3-lobed or dentate; pubescence of few appressed bristles, making leaves glabrescent; peduncles numerous, 20—40 cm long, slender, 2—4 times longer than leaves, glabrescent, with few appressed bristles, rufous only at top of stem. Flower buds oval, slightly longer than 10 mm, with a short, dense, slightly spreading dark pubescence; corolla medium large, 3—4cm in diameter, yellow (or orange? ), caducous; * It is highly improbable that P.anomaium Fedde and P.nudicaule subsp. amurense N.Busch are identical. It is more accurate to consider them as two different species. V.Komarov. 461 605 606 filaments numerous, darkening, anthers linear; capsule glabrous, gracefully clavate, distinctly tapering at base, 11—13 mm long; disk pyramidally ascending, submucronate in the middle; rays extended on sutures; scarious extensions between rays absent or nearly absent. June—July. Rocks.—E. Siberia: Ang.-Say. Endemic. Described from Bugusona stream (subalpine zone). Type in Leningrad. Note. P. beiocarpum is close to P> stubendo rit in its appearance, slender long peduncles, small glabrescent leaves and glabrous capsule. It appears to differ by yellow, not orange, larger flowers. It differs from P. ajanense by having glabrous, not bristly capsules and, probably, yellow flowers. 4. P.stubendorfii A. Tolm. in Jorn. Bot. de 1'URSS, XVI (1931) 80. — Teel aer,, (Daas Perennial, cespitose, small, loose; petioles long, slender, delicate, with sparse bristles; leaves short, up to 8cm, delicate, glabrous or with sparse white bristles, simple or nearly 2-sect; segments separate, oblong or oblong-linear, obtuse, entire or the lower incised-lobate, lower segments petiolate; peduncles very slender, erect, 20—40cm long, 3—5 times longer than leaves, sparingly pubescent, glabrescent. Flower buds oblong-oval, small, ca. 10mm long, with spreading, sparse, rufous bristles; corolla caducous, ca.3cm in diameter; petals orange (when dry); stamens numerous, 1.5 times as long as the corolla; capsules small, graceful, clavate, obconical, ca.10mm long, glabrous; disk weakly pyramidally ascending, rarely slightly convex, scarious extension of rays almost entirely fused. June— July. E. Siberia: Lena-Kol. Endemic. Described from Stubendorff specimens collected near the Allakh-Yun River. Type in Leningrad. Note. Avery characteristic species, with a distinct distribution area (between the Maya and Okhota rivers). —P. miniatum Rchb., described from Siberia (exact location unknown), is most similar to P. stubendorfii; it also has orange leaves and a glabrous capsule. However, it may be identical with P. leiocarpum Turcz., which, judging by the type specimen, may also have orange petals. If this is so, it is distinguished from P. stubendorfii only by a large capsule and a disk without fused scarious extensions of the rays. 5. P.pseudo-stubendorfii M. Pop., sp. nova in Addenda VI, p. 577. Perennial; all characters of leaves, peduncles and flowers similar to P. stubendorfii, except for the capsule, which has few, solitary bristles and a centrally raised more or less long-cuspidate disk; capsule 8-10mm long, Similar in shape to P. stubendorfii. June—August. E. Siberia: Lena-Kol. Endemic. Described from the Aldan River. Type in Leningrad. 6. P.tenellum A. Tolm. in Svensk. Bot. Tidskrift, B.24 (1930) 40.— fenyleet 2 405 ghicn 3: Perennial, glabrous, compactly tufted small plant; leaves glabrous, 2—3 times the length of the stem, up to 15cm long; blades small, slender, nearly bipinnatisect, glaucescent, rarely pinnate; segments or lobes oblong or oblong-linear, obtuse or acute; peduncles slender, erect, with sparse, 462 607 antrorsely appressed bristles. Flower buds obovate, subglobular, less than 10cm in diameter, with sparse bristles; corolla yellow or white, small, ca.2cm in diameter; capsule appressed-bristly, small. Shady ravines.—W. Siberia: Irt. (Karkaralinsk Mountains). Endemic. Described from the Karkaralinsk Mounte‘ns. Type in Leningrad. 7. P.nudicaule L., Sp. pl. (1753) 507; Lundstr. in Acta Horti Berg. VII (1923) 419; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. VI, 1935.—P. nudicaule ssp. commune N. Busch in Fl. Sib. i Dal'n. Vost. I, 20 ex p. Perennial, small-tufted plant; leaves long, pinnate, greenish, rarely grayish, spreading-hairy, gray, segments oblong or lanceolate, rarely linear, simple or rarely dentate; flower stalks slightly appressed or spreading- bristly, 15—50cm long, strong, erect. Flower buds rather large, 4—6cm in diameter, corolla yellow, caducous; filaments long, numerous;capsules bristly with white or rufous, appressed setae, rather large, narrowly clavate or more broadly oblong; disk slightly convex, rays without scarious margins, almost without scarious membrane in the angles between them. June— August. Stony slopes, river gravels, sandy meadows, and sometimes steppes. — W. Siberia: Alt.; E. Siberia: Yenis., Ang.-Say., Dau., Lena-Kol.; Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb. Gen. distr.: Mong. Described from Siberia. Type in London. 8. P.rubro-aurantiacum Fisch. ex Steud., Nom. II (1841) 266 nomen nudum; Lundstr. in Acta Horti Berg. VII (1923) 417 (descr.).—P. nudi- caule var. rubro-aurantiacum Fisch. ex DC., Syst. II (1821) 70.— P. nudicaule y croceum Ldb., Fl. Ross. 1 (1842) 87, p.p.—P. rubro- a nantiacum.ssp..typicum A. Tolm. in Sv. Bot. Tidskr. B..24 (1930).38.\—Te,2;-Tolm,,::L..c¢.,.; f., 2. Perennial, small-tufted plant; leaves medium length, strongly canescent, with dense appressed bristles, pinnatisect, segments drawn apart, narrow, lance-linear, elongated, usually entire, rarely lower segments dentate, terminating in a long bristle; flower stalks long, 20—40 cm, erect, strong, 3 times as long as the leaves. Flower buds subglobular, almost entirely with white hair; hairs long, slender, appressed, dense, giving the buds a silky appearance; corolla of medium size, ca. 4cm in diameter, caducous, orange or orange-red; capsule covered with appressed bristles. June—July. Steppes and stony slopes.—E. Siberia: Dau. Gen. distr.: Mong. Described from Dauria. Type in Bergen. Note. P.rubro-aurantiacum ssp. setosum A. Tolm., l.c., 39, with spreading-haired peduncles, presumably represents a cross between P. nudicaule with P. rubro-aurantiacum. Contrary to Tolmachev's view, P. rubro-aurantiacumwas never geographically separated from the typical form. 9. P.ledebourianum Lundstr., l.c. (1923) 418 (excl. syn. P. croceum Ldb.). This species is distinguished from P. rubro-aurantiacum only by its yellow petals. —E. Siberia: Dau. Gen. distr.: Mong. Described from Transbaikalia and Mongolia. Type in Bergen. 463 608 10.-*P. croceum ‘Ldb., Fil? Atty oil (1830) 271; Kryl., Pil Zap. Toit. Wie 1236.—P. alpinum var. croceum Ldb., Fl. Ross. 1 (1842) 87 p.p.— P. nudicaule ssp. commune var. rubro-aurantiacum N. Busch in Fl. Sib. i Dal'n. Vost Boct. 1 (1913) 22, p. p.—P. nudicaule ssp. rubro-aurantiacum var. trilobitfolium, sub cory dali wolsiums corydalifolium Fedde in Pflzreich, IV, 104 (1909) 381—382. — P. nudicaule ssp. corydalitfolium N. Busch in Fl) Sib? 7 Dal'n: Vost., 1:(191'3) 22-— Tle edb sale. EI Ross. tal4ii— hxcl Hae AeVie 566a and b. Perennial, small tufted plant; leaves large, long-petioled, setose, weakly or strongly spreading, not appressed; segments 3 or 5, large, broad, 3 upper segments, approximate, ovate or oblong, capitate-lobate, rarely subentire; peduncles long, 15—50cm, rather slender, glabrescent, with sparse appressed or spreading bristles, often rufous above. Flower buds oval, often large, more than 10mm long, usually dark rufous, rarely white-bristled; corolla large, 4—6cm in diameter, yellow or orange, (orange when dry); stamens numerous, much longer than ovary; capsule with appressed bristles, usually small, to 10 mm, rarely to 12 mm long, broadly or narrowly oval; disk convex; scarious extension of rays conspicuous or inconspicuous. June— August. Stony slopes, meadows in the alpine zone, and bald mountains. — W. Siberia: Alt.; EB. Siberia: Angel: —Say-; Centr. Asia: Pama eSh., Ozu scales Gen. distr.: Ind.-Him., Mong., Jap.-Ch. (northeastern China). Described from Altai. Type in Leningrad. 11. P.ajanense M. Pop., sp. nova in Addenda VI, p. 577. Perennial, apparently forming rather large tufts; leaves of medium length, usually pinnatisect, with narrow entire lanceolate segments, rarely lower or many segments dissected into 2—4 simple lanceolate lobes; leaves sparingly covered with sparse white bristles, rarely (especially on petioles) more densely setose, peduncles upright, 15—30cm long, strong, erect or slightly flexuous or arcuate, 2 to 3 times as long as the leaves, covered with appressed white hairs. Flower buds oval, slightly pubescent, bristles sparse, short, white; corolla of medium size, ca.4cm across, white-pink or pale orange; capsules narrow, clavate, 12—18 mm long, with densely appressed bristles; disk slightly convex; scarious extensions of rays nearly absent, rarely scarious stripes along the rays. Far East: Uda. Endemic. Described from Ukoi Bay. Type in Leningrad. 12. P.microcarpum DC.) Syst. Tl (e821) 71s \ikond 3 Eye isaianichensieeenoiie Hultén, Fl. of Kamtch. Il, 141.—P. alpinum var. microca rpum Ldb., Fl. Ross. I (1842) 87 p. p. (excl. syn. p. miniatum Rchb.).— P. ochotense A. Tolm. in Journ. Bot. de 1'URSS 16, I (1930) 82.—Ic.: Plait ery ee oe eon. bier or. Perennial, small, compactly cespitose plant; leaves short or elongated, up to 8cm long, canescent from appressed bristles, pinnatisect; segments drawn apart, into 2—3 pairs, oblong-linear or lanceolate, grayish, often entire, rarely the lower segments dentate-lobate; leaf blade shorter than petiole; peduncles appressed-hairy with white bristles, 10—20cm long, 464 twice as long as leaves, flexuous, ascending or erect. Flower buds oval, small, ca. 1 cm long, rufous-hairy; corolla 2—3.5cm across, yellow-orange or red-orange, caducous; capsules small, mostly 9-10 mm, up to 12 mm, long, narrowly or broadly obovate, with appressed white bristles; scarious extensions of rays not fused, disk convex, with small sharp central point. July — August. Stony slopes.— Far East: Kamch. (often), An. (Penzhina River basin). Gen. distr.: Bering. Described from Kamchatka. Type in Geneva. Note. P. microcarpum may be identical with P. albo-roseum described by Hultén; if so, it would have to be called P. ochotense A. Tolm. However, as I have not examined De Candolle's type specimen, I preferred to accept Hulten's interpretation of P. microcarpum. 13. P.alboroseum Hultén, Fl. of Kamtch. II (1928) 141.—Ic.: Hultén, l.c. Perennial, forming medium-sized tufts; rootstock branches covered with remnants of dead petioles; stems 4—10 (15mm) high, weak, often flexuous, with appressed white or rufous bristles; leaves sparse, covered with white bristles, pinnatisect, segments usually 2—5-lobed. Petals 4—10 mm long, white or whitish pink, with yellow basal spot; capsule ovate or globose- ovate, (5) 6-10 mm long, covered with appressed white or rufous hairs; scarious extensions of rays not fused; disk slightly convex; rays 5—6. July— August. Far East: Kamch. Endemic. Described from Avachinskaya Sopka, 675m, Hultén, No. 5086. Type in Stockholm. Mote: A very critical species, closely related to P. microearpum. It is only distinguished by white or white-pink petals and the absence of a central mucro on the disk. Var. elongatum Hult.(specimens: Kinkil, Levitskii) is distinguished by its large growth and its bipinnatisect leaves. On the other hand, P. alboroseum, is distinguished from the closely related P. angustifolium A. Tolm. by a shorter, thicker capsule, smaller corolla, and shorter stem. 609 14. P.involucratum M. Pop. sp. nova in Addenda VI, p. 577. Perennial, forming small tufts ca.10cm across; leaves 5—8cm long, with small blade, pinnatisect; segments entire, oblong, acute, ca. 10mm long, 3mm broad; peduncles several times as long as the leaves, 20—40 cm high, large, erect, rarely ascending, with both appressed and spreading bristles. Flower buds globose, with dark rufous hairs; corolla minute, 1—2 cm across, probably orange-red, with yellow basal spot long retained on capsule; capsule appressed-bristly, obovate, sometimes subpyramidal, not larger than 10mm; disk pyramidally ascending, scarious extensions of rays rigid, fused. June—August. (Plate LXI, Figure 1). Indurated moraines, at 2,800—3,300m.—Centr. Asia: W. Pam. -Al. (Pamir, Shugnan, Darvaz, Karategin, Gissar, upper Zeravshan, east of the Shchurovskii Glacier in the Turkestan Range). Endemic. Described from W. Pam.-Al. Type in Leningrad. Note. Readily recognized by its very small, persistent, reddish petals. Transitions between it and P. croceum are rare. 465 610 613 15. P.tianschanicum M. Pop. sp. nova in Addenda VI, p.577. Perennial, forming rather dense, compact and broad tufts; leaves short, small, simply dissected into narrow approximate, broad ovate or oblong, obtuse, usually dentate canescent segments; flower stalks 5—15 cm long, often curved, slender, with appressed or spreading rufous hairs. Flower buds rounded-oval or oval, with dark brown bristles, small, ca. 10mm; corolla 3—4cm in diameter, petals orange (when dry), caducous, rarely persistent; stamens rather numerous, 1.5times as long as the ovary; capsule shorter than 10 mm, broad, covered with appressed white hairs; disk flat; rays without fused scarious extensions. July — August. Alpine meadows and stony slopes. —W. Siberia: Alt. (southern); Centr. Asia: T. Sh., Dzu.-Tarb. (Dzhungarian Ala-Tau). Endemic. Described from Tien Shan. Type in Leningrad. Note. P.tianschanicum is distinguished from P. canescens AL Tolmei(and: B.S eqmidloeiamle Sic isa Ive Pop.) — to which it is most closely related —by its broader segments and by its petals, which turn orange upon drying. P.tianschanicum should presumably be considered as a high mountain species, adapted to life in the alpine zone,and derived from P. croceum, whereas P. canescens (as also P. pseudocanescens) has a similar high-mountain origin, but is derived from P. nudicaule. The boundary between P. tianschanicum and P. croceum should be more precisely defined. 16. P.canescens A. Tolm. im Zhurn. Russk. Bot. Obshch. 16, I (1931) Ti Onesie Cage tov mls Perennial; rootstock vertical, thickish; tufts medium sized or small, rather compact; leaves gray-villous from semi-spreading bristles, not silky, not longer than 5cm; petioles slender, as long as or longer than the blade; leaf blade pinnate, with 2—3 pairs of oblong-linear, entire, rarely dentate, acute segments; peduncles 5—10cm long, large, little flexuous, with appressed or spreading bristles. Flower buds oval, ca. 10mm long, densely covered with short dark brown hairs; corolla medium-large yellow, caducous, medium, ca.3cm in diameter; capsule small, rather broad with semi-appressed white bristles, disk slightly convex, rays without scarious extensions. July. Stony slopes.—Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb. (Tarbagatai system, Saur and Mustau mountains, Sapozhnikov). Endemic. Described from the Saur mountains. Type in Leningrad. 17. P.pseudocanescens M. Pop. sp. nova in Addenda VI, p. 578. — P. canescens A. Tolm. in Zhurn. R. Botan. Obshch. (1931) 78 (ex p., excl. pl. e montibus Saur).—P. radicatum ssp. canescens Serg. in Animad. Syst. ex herb. Univ. Tomsk. (1931) Perennial, 10—15cm high, small tufted plant; leaves longer than in P. canescens, green, slightly villous; segments approached, broad, obtuse; peduncles large, with appressed or spreading bristles, brown rufous above. Flower buds densely black-hairy, more than 10 mm long, subglobular; corolla large, ca. 5cm in diameter, yellow, rarely white (f. album Tolm. l.c.); capsule with rufous bristles, obovate when mature, ca. 10mm long; disk flattish; rays nearly without scarious extensions. June— July. 466 611) .commutatum oP —P.bracteatum Lindl; 4—P,chelidoniifolium Boiss. et Buhse; 5—P.ambiguum M.Pop, 2 PLATE XLI. 1—Papaver involucratum M.Pop.; Fisch, et Mey.; 467 614 Alpine zone: meadows, stony slopes.— W. Siberia: Alt.; E. Siberia: Ang.-Say. Gen. distr.: Mong. Described from the flattened snow-covered summit of Topchugan Mountain (Kuznetsov and Tripolitova, 1913, No. Q6n Me Type in Leningrad. Note: P. pseudocanwescens is very close to the Arctic P. padmed. tum except that its lobes are broader, and its stamens more numerous, overtopping the ovary. From P. canescens, to which it is extremely similar morphologically, it is distinguished by the rufous pubescence in the upper part of the peduncles and capsules, by the densely black-pubescent buds, and by the larger corolla. — Both species are distinguished from the closely related P. tianschanicum by the corolla which turns yellow — not orange — upon drying. 18. P.radicatum Rottb. in Skrift. Kjobenh. Selsk. Land. a. Vidensk. X (1770) 455: Lundstr. in Act. Horti Berg. VII (1923) 410—413; A. Tolm. im Nets Soyish 16s demb short OL meutr. oN (1923) 81; Nordhagen in Bergens Museums Arbok 1931, Heft 1 (1932) 47—49.—P. nudicaule ssp. radi- catum. Fedde in Engler, Bot. Jahrb. XXXVI (1905) Beibl. No. 81, 34; in Pflanzenreich 1V, 104,’ p. 376; Buseh, Fl. Sib.or Dal'n. Wosts lra2n ee Rottb:, tab; Vill, £. 24> Rehb.; Pl Crit: Vill tabs 1425 i. 242 epmeiciier. Oa Maielloyss Ae lito. theese. INozClan§ Io @s5- Waits 45/5. Perennial, 8—15cm high, forming small cushions; leaves pinnate, small, segments approached, entire, lanceolate or oblong, acute, rarely bifid; flower staks short, upright, with spreading hairs dark rufous in upper half. Flower buds rounded-oval, densely covered with dark brown hairs; corolla medium- large, 2.5—4 cm in diameter, with broad dark yellow petals, usually persistent on capsule; capsules ca. 10—12 mm long, rather broad, obovate, with thick dark rufous appressed or spreading bristles; stamens few, scarcely over- topping ovary, anthers short, rounded; disk slightly convex, rays almost without scarious extensions. June— July. River gravels and stony and sandy places.—Arctic: Arc. Eur. (Vaigach, Novaya Zemlya, Pai-Khoi), Arc. Sib. (lower reaches of the Yenisei), Chuk., An. Gen. distr.: Ber., Arc., N. Am., Greenland, Iceland. Described from Iceland. Type in Copenhagen. Note. P. radicatum is distinguished from P. nudicaule by its low growth, dense spreading rufous pubescence of peduncles, and dense covering of almost blackish hairs of the flower buds; chromosomes 35, instead of 7asin P.nudicaule. A.I. Tolmachev has described two races which may deserve specific status: P. radicatum jugoricum A.Tolm. and P. radicatum polare A. Tolm. (1923), the former common to Vaigach Island in the Northern Urals, and the tundras between them and the mouth of the Yenisei, the latter common to the Far Arctic. 19 Pi pulvinatum A’ Volm. inet ray. o Mus. Bot. Ac. Scs URSs Peay (1932) 269 and in Trudakh Polyarn. Kom. 13 (1932) 131. Perennial, very densely cespitose, pulvinate; milky juice white; leaves short, canescent from appressed white bristles,young leaves slightly silvery- gray; petioles slender; blades minute, shorter than petioles, narrowly oblong, pinnatisect, with 1—2-pairs of segments; segments entire, small, not drawn apart, rarely elongated (to 7mm long), linear-oblong, acute; peduncles short 3—12cm, slightly flexuous, ascending, slender, covered beneath with 468 615 semi-spreading, long setae with dark tips. Peduncles densely dark-villous, globular or oval, 10—14mm long; corolla yellow or yellowish white or white, medium- large, 2.5—4cm in diameter, caducous; stamens numerous, with yellow filaments and linear anthers longer than ovary; capsule broadly clavate, cuneately tapering at base, not pedicelled, covered with appressed very dark bristles, probably to 10—12 mm long when ripe; disk convex; sharp central point inconspicuous or obsolete; rays withinsignificant scarious extension in angles. July. Sandy crests and stony slopes.—Arctic: Arc. Sib. (Eastern Taimyr). Endemic. Described from the lower reaches of the Yamu-Tarid River 74°26'N. (A. 1. Tolmachev 1928). Type in Leningrad. Note. P. pulvinatum is very close to P. radicatum from which it is distinguished by its more dense tufts, appressed pubescence, and grayish leaves. Undoubtedly, there are transitions to both P. radicatum and P. angustifolium. 20. P. angustifolium A. Tolm. in Trav. Mus. bot. Ac. Sc. URSS XXII (1930) 368. Perennial, milky juice white or pink, cespitose; leaves covered with semi-appressed, white, up to 7—8cm long bristles; petioles slender, filiform, blades shorter than petioles, pinnatisect into narrow, 0.1—1.5mm broad, linear, elongated segments terminating ina bristle; 2—3 pairs of segments separated from each other; peduncles slender, erect, ca.15 (10—23)cm long, covered with appressed white bristles below and more spreading setae above. Flower buds elliptical, sparsely covered with short rufous hairs, 12—13 mm long; corolla yellow or white or pink, medium- large, ca. 3 (—4) cm in diameter, caducous; stamens numerous or few, visibly topping the ovary; capsules small, ca. 12mm long, clavate, tapering at base into a distinct pedicel, covered with very dark appressed bristles; rays strongly descending below sutures, almost without scarious extensions, these fused at angles. Arctic: Arc. Sib. (Gydan tundra, Yuratskaya Guba, A. I. Tomachev 15 VIII 1926, No. 585—591; at Cape Minina, 19 VIII 1026 A. I. Tolmachev, No. 728; lower reaches of the Yenisei, 71°45', village of Goldchikha. In dry sandy locality among P. radicatum polare. The only tufted plant. 5 VIII 1926 A. 1. Tolmachev, No. 254. Endemic. Described from YuratskayaGuba. Type in Leningrad. 21. P.lapponicum (A. Tolm.) Nordhagen in Bergens Museums Arbok (1931) 1 Hefte Naturvidens. Rekke No.2, p. 45.—P. radicatum ssp. lapponicum A. Tolm. in Not. Syst. Herb. Hort. Bot. Petrop. IV (1923) 86.—P.nudicaule kvaenangense Lundstr. in Acta Horti Berg. VII (1923) 416.—P. nudicaule genuinum arctosibiricum Lundstr., l.c., 240 (p. p. quoad pl. Kolaensem).—Ic.: Lundstr., l.c., tab. 2, f. 2; Nordhagen, Taf. 1 (photo), f. 4, No.5 et f. 5 A.(capsula). Perennial, densely cespitose; milky juice yellow; leaves 4—12 cm long, with long slender petioles, grayish green, more or less white-setose, pinnatisect, with 3—4 pairs of segments; segments separated, lanceolate or lanceolate-linear, usually dentate, elongated or reduced, acute or obtuse; peduncles numerous, 10—30 cm long (or always 6—8cm, in f. mic ranthum A. Tolm.), straight, glabrescent below, with appressed white or dark bristles 469 616 above. Flower buds small, covered with short dark hairs; corolla yellow; petals 1.3—2.3cm long, soon caducous; stamens almost as long as the ovary; capsule 1.3cm long, 0.5—0.7cm broad, pyriform-oval or clavate, with sparse appressed dark setae; disk convex; rays extending downwards from sutures; scarious extension of rays poorly developed; disk sometimes with small central mucro. Arctic: Arc. Eur. (Kola Gulf, Khibiny Mountains and Monche tundra). Gen. distr.: N. Norway. Described from Imandra Lake. Type in Leningrad. Note. Undoubtedly closely related to P. angustifolium A. Tolm., from which it is distinguished only by its yellow milky juice. This series is close to the group of species P. lapponicum — P. pulvinatum — P. angustifolium — P.alboroseum and stretches, along with the authentic P. radicatum across the entire Arctic zone of Eurasia. 22. P.nivale A. Tolm. in Svensk. Bot. Tidskrift 24 Heft 1 (1930) 42.— Tes wleies. sass (os 4): Perennial, tufts apparently larger; leaves medium-sized (6—10cm long), glabrescent, with sparse bristles, bipinnatisect; segments long-petioled; their lobes separated, small, oblong-linear or linear-obtuse; peduncles twice as long as leaves, 12—20cm tall, straight, large, semi-appressed, with rufous bristles at apex, Sometimes glabrescent. Flower buds ovoid- oblong or ovoid with short spreading bristles, more than 10mm long. Corolla yellow, large, ca.4cm in diameter; stamens apparently few, overtopping the ovary; capsules, dark-setose, ca. 10cm long, clavately cylindrical, loosely attached; disk slightly convex, without mucro; rays without scarious extensions. July. E. Siberia: Lena-Kol. (between Sredne-Kolymsk and Yakutsk. Maidel. System of the rivers: Lena, Dyby, tributary of Tyry 14 VII 1891, Cherski), Endemic. Described from Tukulan River, Tos natural boundary, 914—977 m. Nedrigailov. Type in Leningrad. Note. This species, with its bipinnatisect glabrescent leaves and narrow segments, is readily distinguished from all other Soviet representatives of the section Scapiflora and is related to the European P. alpinum. Section 2. OXYTONA Bernh. in Linnaea VIII (1833) 463.—Mac rantha Elk., Tent. Mon. Papav. (1839) 13; Fedde in Pflzr. IV, 104, 364.— Genus Calomecon Spach in Hist. Veg. Phan. VII (1839) 7.—Tall perennial plant; stems robust, densely covered with white bristles; leaves pinnatisect, large, with lanceolate, sharp-toothed segments. Flowers one, long- pedicelled, very large, red, petals often with a black spot. Filaments slightly thickened distally. Capsules large, glabrous, obovate or subglobular. Disk scarious, large, flat or slightly convex, distinctly denticulate, teeth curved when young. Rays not elevated above disk. Stems unbranched, 1-flowered. Propagates by layering (or, in cultivation, by cuttings). —All species of the section are connected by gradual transitions. Those described in the Soviet Union form an uninterrupted series from R. bracteatum to P. monanthum, of section Pseudopilosa. These species may be considered as P. orientale L.s.1. 470 Bracts 2, not longer than 1 cm Pubescence densely white-villous, bristles on flower stalks boereantally. spreading; « pol s50s6 ese oom ye dae 25. P.lasiothrix Fedde. + Pubescence of peduncles of appressed bristles by Disk convex, with 8 rays ...... 27. P. paucifoliatum (Trautv. ) Fedde. * eth ee IRN dite S cos Fy cys, oF deh igo ytd Ne sR wo (BRE GBS Zs vn Piloawer stalin 2sOrsInOre) DRACLS 32 xs wis feo Sos Ser. De erbod eas wR Pee za as Ral WieRASweRACLCaUGh mittee. eee tis Gade iver ster ot GASPS Robted ee eck Be 3. Bracieseverali2—0 Cm long, ; on 2. ood Hele 23. P.bracteatum Lindl. + 4, etef bey “a Chits will bel GS Eel he. Bins 617 De Peduncles with appressed bristles ........... 26. P. orientale L. a Peduncles with horizontally spreading bristles 23. P.bracteatum Lind., Coll. Bot. (1821) tab. 23; Boiss., Fl. Or. L 107; Fedde in Pflzr. IV, 104, 365 (ex py): — P.orientahewar. bracte- atum Ldb., Fl. Ross. 1(1842) 91; Buschin Fl. cauc. crit. Ill, 4, 43 (ex p.); Shmal'g., Fl. 1,.36.—Calomecon bracteatum Spach, Hist. veg. phan. VII (1839) 7.—Ic.: Bot. Reg., tab. 658; Lindley, l.c., tab. 23. Perennial; stem 60—120cm high, erect, spreading below, appressed- hispid above, robust, strong; leaves very large, up to 45cm long, pinnatisect, with remote, large, oblong-lanceolate segments with forward pointing margins; cauline leaves numerous, scattered along the stem right up to the flowers or leaving a short pedicel; pedicel thick, appressed-setose, with two large, usually unequal leaf-shaped pinnatisect bracts below the flower and several (3—5) oval, coriaceous, entire, sometimes slightly lobate, appressed, short and densely hispid, sepal-shaped 2—5cm long bracts with rigid, scarious, pectinate-dissected borders; sepals 3—4cm long, sparsely pubescent, hairs short, appressed; corolla very large; petals 4—6, up to 10cm long, blood-red, broadly attenuate into a claw, usually with large, elongated basal, black spot; capsule obovate, large; rays £5—16; disk flat; with elongated acute teeth. May — June. (Plate XLI, Figure 2). Clayey slopes and plains. — Caucasus: Cisc. (Beshtau Mountain, Pyatigorsk, Grozny, Sleptsovskaya railroad, station). Endemic. Described from the Caucasus, without record of location. Type in London? Note. This species was described from a garden plant grown by Anderson in Chelsea, England, from seeds obtained from Fischer in 1818, 1819, and 1821 under the name of P. orientale speciosum, P.o. pulcherrimum, and P.o. grandiflorum. In the Fischer Herbarium, specimens of this plant are preserved under the name P. orientale. The seeds were certainly sent to Fischer from the Mineralnye Vody region—in all probability by Wilhelms —and therefore I consider that district as the locus classicus P. bracteatum. The Mineralnye Vody distribution area of P. bracteatum is entirely isolated from the region of P. intermedium, and thus P. bracteatum isa relict species. —It is extraordinary that not one of the authors known to us has accurately described the bracts of P. bracteatum; the characteristic feature of this species is the presence of calyx-shaped bracts with a pectinate scarious appendage, rather then the pair of herbaceous leaf-shaped bracts below the flowers — which may indeed be lacking. 618 471 24. P.intermedium DC., in Mem. Soc. Phys. et Hist. Nat. Geneve VII (1836) 301.—P. bractetum var. pseudo-orientale Fedde in Pflzr. IV, 104 (1909) 365.—P. pseudo-orientale Medw. in Bull. Musée Cauc. XI, 3—4 (1918) 204. Perennial; very similar to P. bracteatum in all characters —but no as thick, 70—80cm high; leaves with same pubescence as P. bracteatum. Flower buds smaller, ca. 2—3 cm, more villous; leaf-shaped bracts under inflorescence absent (rarely present, see Note); sepal-shaped bracts few, 1—3, narrow, lanceolate, small, ca.1.5cm long, often slightly divergent, ciliate-hispid, very rarely with inconspicuous laminate-pectinate margin; anthers smaller than in P. bracteatum; petals up to 8cm long, probably brick-red (i.e., red, but with orange tinge), with black spot above base (not at base), nearly square. Caucasus S. Transe.? Val. Gen. distr.: Arm:-Kurd: “Deseribed) mom a cultivated specimen in Geneva. Type in Geneva. Note. This species is very close to P. bracteatum but geographically it is completely isolated from it. Morphologically, it is intermediate between P. bracteatum and P. orientale, and where it often grows with P. orientale, it is impossible to find a clear boundary between P: intelrmedium “and? PYerrenta re. “De Candolle, in*comparims P. bracteatum, P. intermedium, and P. orientale —all of which grew in the Geneva Garden—says that P. intermedium and P. orien- tale are more branched and stronger than P. bracteatum; the latter character is not however, consistent with my conceptions of P. bracteatum Further, in P. bracteatum andin P. intermedium the segment margins are ascending, while in P. orientale the segments are flat. According to De Candolle, the bracts of P. bracteatum are very unequal— one is twice as long as the others—whereas in P. intermedium they are equal; in P. orientale there are none. InP. bracteatum and P. intermedium the sepals and flower stalks are appressed-hispid; in P. orientale they bear spreading hispid hairs, a character which does not agree with my conception of P. orientale. The petals of *"P»bracre— atum are dark red with a black spot and those of P. orientale, are orange-red with an inconspicuous spot; those of P. intermedium are intermediate. It is very difficult to decide whether the type of P. intermedium in genera really represents a hybrid between authentic P. bracteatum from the Mineralnye Vody region and the authentic. P. orientale from the Armenian region, grown in cultivation—as De Candolle had assumed —or whether these plants, which Fedde later called P. bracteatum var. pseudo-orientale and Medvedev calledP.pseudo-orientale Medw., originated in Armenia proper. All considered, this is beside the point since genetically P. pseudo-orientale certainly represents the ancient hybrid form due to hybridization of P. bracteatum and P. orientale. Some of the specimens from Southern Transcaucasia have leaf-shaped bracts like those of P. bracteatum, which are 6cm long. Besides this, there are several intermediate specimens where the bracts are intermediate between leaf-shaped, sepal-shaped, and in particular dissected, small, 2—3cm long, with setose-margined; corolla as in the authentic P. intermedium; growth smaller. Such specimens are: Zangezur County (Nakhrai), Giradakh, 23 VI 1893 (Lipsky); Karabakh: Okhchi 13 VI 1871 (Radde) No. 1; Karabakh: Kegal-Dag; Bechenakh (Gavrilov); Alagez (N. and E. Busch). 619 472 25. P.lasiothrix Feddle in Pflnzr. IV, 104 (1909) 366. Perennial, agrees in all characters with P. intermedium or with P. orientale (may have small bracts or none), but pubescence generally very dense, white-villous, the flower stalks bearing horizontally spreading setae. Caucasus: Cisc. (Caucasian state reserve, 11 VII 1930 Leskov, No. 183). Gen. distr.: Arm.-Kurd., Bal.-As. Min. (Agriri-Dagh.) Described from sanjak Giumiush-Khane (Argiri-Dah, Sintenis It. or. 1894, No. 5989 p. p. ex Fedde, l.c.) Type in Berlin. Note. P.lasiothrix is one of the forms of the polymorphous hybridogenic cycle included in section Oxytona; it is very close to the typical P. orientale. We have seen that De Candolle — apparently incorrectly —considered the characteristic spreading bristles on the peduncle as typical for P. orientale. It is on the basis of this character that Fedde separated P. lasiothrix. I have preserved this species and extended it to include both the presence and the absence of bracts, because in the Caucasus this species is totally isolated and the Sintenis specimens (authentic) are bracteate or ebracteate, which makes them perfectly similar to the West Caucasian plant. 26/0 P. orientale i.) Sp? pl (1753) 508; Lidb:; Fl. Ross. I, 90; Boiss., Pie TOON: Shimal's /) 2), S6;° Nv Basch in FI...cauc. crit. TIL 4, 41; Fedde in Pflnzr. IV, 104, 364.—Ic.: Tournef., Voy. Levant. II, 2 ties Roti Mag.; tab. 57. Perennial; stem 40—90cm, erect, few-branched, often simple, densely spreading-hispid-villous below; setae white; leaves large, up to 30cm long, radical leaves long-setose-petioled; blade oblong, simply pinnatisect, with large number of segments; segments oblong or more often lanceolate, acute, rarely entire, often acutely dentate, terminating into a large seta, lower leaves separate, the upper approximate, the uppermost fusing into an acutely dentate gradually acuminate terminal lobe; cauline leaves similar to radical, reduced; uppermost sessile; pedicels long, thick, nearly white from appressed rigid setae. Flower buds ovate or broadly oval, 2—3 cm long, covered with spreading white setae; sepals 2 or 3; sepals large, red; petals 4 or 6, suborbicular, up to 9cm long, orange-hot red, with a square black spot above their base; filaments dark, slightly expanded above; anthers oblong, violet; capsule glaucous, glabrous, obovate, 2—3cm long; disk flat, with with (11) 13—15 scarious rays, shortly denticulate, obtuse, subtruncate, rigid. June—July. Meadows, rarely stony slopes in the forest zone, more often in the subalpine zone. — Caucasus: S. Transc. (Gokcha, Takyaltu, Akhalkalaki). Gen. distr.: Iran. (N.W. Iran), Arm.-Kurd., Bal.-As. Min. Described from the environs of Erzerum (Tournefort). Linnaeus merely writes: "in oriente." Note. The typical P. orientale was collected by Tournefort in Erzerum and described in his ''Relation d'un Voyage au Levant,"'; it has red hot colored petals with an orange tinge and a black spot of the same size asin P.intermedium. This is also how it grows in the USSR, in Transcaucasia, and along the Turkish border up to Lake Sevan (Gokcha) in the southeast. On the northern slopes of the Lesser Caucasus and in the vicinity of the Trialet Range, it is replaced by a very closely related species P. paucifoliatum Fedde. 473 27. P.paucifoliatum (Trautv.) Fedde in Engler, Pflzr. IV, 104 (1909) 366.—P. orientale var. paucifoliatum Trautv. in A.H.P. IV (1879) 346.—P. orientale var. parviflora Busch inkl. auc jeri iia (1905) 41 (ex p.). —P. dzeghamicum Medw. in Acta Horti Tiflis. XVIII (1915) 15 in clave. Perennial, very close to P. orientale, distinguished by a very short, and much thinner stem; entire plant thinner and smaller; 1 or 2 leaves on stem. Peduncle long, higher; corolla medium-sized, petals pinkish red, without spot; capsule with 8—10 (11) rays. Almost stemless, white-bristled plant; stem very short, with 1 or 2 small | leaves; radical leaves spreading-setose petioled, up to 20cm long (pedicels | 4—6 cm long, blade 10—15cm long); blade lanceolate or oblong- lanceolate, | pinnatilobate or irregularly serrate-crenate; lobes lanceolate, acute, serrate;| peduncle very long, up to 35cm, appressed-hispid; capsule broadly obovate; disk flat, scarious, obtusely edenticulate. Subalpine meadows. — Caucasus: Dag., S. and E. Transc. (Trialet Range near Lake Tabiskhuri, Radde; Tskhra-Tskharo Mountain, Juzepezuk). Endemic. Described from Lake Tabiskhuri. Type in Leningrad. Note. P. paucifoliatum probably represents a hybrid of P. mo- nanthum (section Pseudopilosa) and P. orientale, and, therefore, it is very difficult to determine the morphological limits between these three | species. Trautvetter himself separated a specimen, collected by Radde near Lake Tabiskhuri, as P. paucifoliatum, and another as P. mo- nanthum, although both bear leaflets on the lower part of the stem. In Juzepezuk's specimens of P. paucifoliatum, too, the number of rays varies from 8 to 11, i.e., approaches the number characteristic for P.O ena sbe. In addition, a series of related species, linked by transitions and therefore — not always reliably distinguished, link P. monanthum through | P. paucifoliatum,and P; orientale,to..P..bmacteatu ma cingiaas series the height of the plant and the number of cauline leaves gradually increase and the stem is especially well developed. The leaves increase in size and become more dissected; flowers become larger and more brightly colored; P. monanthum and, as farasIknow, P. paucifoliatum as well always lack a black spot; P. orientale and usually also P..bxr,a.cte.atu,m havea) spot. Lastly, the number of rays gradually increases from 6—9 (P. monan- thum), to 8-11 (P. paucifoliatum) to 13—15(P. orientale) and to 15-18 (P. bracteatum). Herbaria specimens indicate that there are no breaks in the gradual increase of the characters indicated in the transition from one species to the next. In other words the species are only tentatively separated. It should be added that P. orientale and P. bracteatum represent polyploid species, with chromosomal numbers 14 and 21. 621 f | | Section 3. PSEUDO-PILOSA M. Pop.—Sect. Pilosa Prantl in Engl. Pfilzf. III, 2 (1889) 142 (ex p.); Fedde in Pflzr. IV, 104 (1909) 354 (ex p.). — Perennial, rigidly setose plant; petals orange-red or pinkish red, always without black spot; flowers solitary, on long peduncles, inflorescence not paniculate; leaves pinnatisect. Distinguished from the authentic Pilosa by the non-racemose inflorescence and the pinnatisect, not entire leaves. In addition to the USSR species there are also P. lateritium 474 623 C. Koch in Armenia and P. rupifragum Boiss. et Reut. and P. atlanti- cum Ball., in Morocco. 1. Stemless plant with stiff setose bristles. Flower buds covered with thick long appressed white hairs. Capsule 12—15 mm long, globular- obovate to oblong (Lesser Caucasus)...... 28. P.monanthum Trautv. | Stems developed, 10—20cm tall but shorter than flower stalks. Flower buds densely covered with spreading soft rufous hairs. Capsules 15—17 mm long, oblong-clavate (Main Range of the Caucasus) tm. een ot eee weg tee ED ETE A OID 29. P.oreophilum Rupr. 28. P.monanthum Trautv. in Bull. Acad. St. Petersb. X (1866) 393; Fedde in Pflzr. IV, 104, p. 362 (excl. var. obtusifolium Fedde). — P. orientale var. monanthum Trautv. in A.H. P.IV (1879) 346. — P. lateritium ysubacaule Boiss., Fl. Or. Suppl. (1888) 23.— P. oreophilum var. monantha N. Buschin Fl. cauc. crit. III, 4 (1905) 45.—Exs.: Herb. Fl. Cauc. No. 360. Perennial, stemless plant; rootstock rather slender; leaves with rigid spreading and semi-spreading, erect, long white bristles; petioles especially densely bristled, flat, broad, as long as or shorter than blade, dying completely; blade oblong, pinnatisect, sometimes narrow, sublanceolate, incised-dentate, rarely subentire, terminating in a long bristle, lower segments remote, upper segments connate, forming an entire dentate lobe, flower stalks spreading below, appressed white-hispid above, strong, erect, 25—40 cm, nearly twice as long as the leaves. Flower buds up to 15mm long, oval, densely covered with appressed long white hairs, barbate; corolla large, 5—8 cm in diameter, orange-pink; petals overlapping, broad, without spot; stamens numerous; filaments yellow; anthers yellow, linear, slightly overlapping the ovary; capsules 12—15 mm long, obovate, globular-ovate or broadly oblong, glabrous; disk convex, with 6—9 rays; scarious extensions of rays fused, conspicuous, forming rounded teeth along edge of disk. June -July. Stony places in alpine zone, rather rare.— Caucasus: W. Transc. Adzhar-Imeretian Range, E. and S. Transc. Endemic. Described from Shombobel Mountain in the Askhaltsikhe region. Type in Leningrad. 29. P.oreophilum Rupr., Fl. Cauc. (1869) 51; N. Busch in Fl. cauc. crit. III, 4 (1905) 44; Fedde in Pflzr. IV, 104 (1909) 362.—P. lateritium 8 minus Boiss., Fl. Or. Suppl. (1888) 23. Perennial; stem 10—20cm high, with few branches, spreading or recurved, hispid, angular; peduncles very long, longer than the stem, erect, spreading in lower part, appressed-hairy in upper part; radical leaves elongated, with rather short soft-haired petioles; blade narrow lanceolate, pinnatifid, with scattered hairs, lobes more or less deeply incised, thick, numerous, triangular, acute, sometimes slightly runcinate, entire or slightly triangularly sharp-toothed, terminating in a weak bristle; cauline leaves short-petioled, lower pair of segments-lobes drawn apart; upper leaves sessile, often tripartite, with pinnatilobate or sharp-toothed lobes. Flower buds oval, up to 20mm long, densely covered with rufous, spreading, soft hairs; corolla large, 6-9 cm in diameter; petals broad, overlapping, bright orange- red, without dark spot; stamens numerous, their filaments as well as the linear anthers yellow; capsules glabrous, oblong-clavate, 15—17 mm long, glaucescent, with prominent placental nerves; disk slightly convex, with 475 624 5—7 rays, narrower than capsule, rounded-dentate, with scarious margin and fused rays. June—August. Subalpine and alpine meadows, bluffs, stony habitats, 1,700—2,500 m. — Caucasus: Greater Caucasus (below entire Main Range: Balkaria, Digoria, Ossetia, Svanetia). Endemic. Described from Mamisson Pass. Type in Leningrad. Note. P. oreophilum only slightly differs from P. monanthum by its developed stem, much softer and denser pubescence (plant greenish) and acute triangular lobes and teeth of the less dissected leaves; flower buds with much longer, softer, more spreading hairs and a much narrower and longer pistil. P. lateritium C. Koch from Armenia is extremely close to the RSFSR plant, from which it is distinguished only by a much wider capsule. Section 4. MILTANTHA Bernh. in Linnaea VIII (1833) 463; Fedde in Pflzr. IV, 104, p.344.— Pyramistigma Elkan, Tent. Mon. Papav. (1839) 13.— Biennial, with conspicuous rosette of radical leaves; pubescence bristly, always spreading; leaves pinnatisect; stems profusely branching above,the reduced lateral branches frequently forming a paniculate- racemose, many-flowered inflorescence; petals pink, without black spot, readily caducous; stamens yellow, with filiform filaments; stamen girdle broad; capsule glabrous rarely hairy, tapering above and below, sometimes almost pedicelled, dehiscing by large valves; stigma small, narrower than capsule, often strongly pyramidal, sometimes nearly subulate, rarely almost f flat. Narrow scarious margins of stigmatic rays fused; disk more or less conspicuously denticulate. A very characteristic, uniform section. aS Leaves 2-, nearly 3-pinnatisect, with short, linear, obtuse, often crisp lobes, revolute-margined; capsule small, up to 10 mm long, narrow, oblong, subcylindrical, torulose from bulging seeds, glabrous. Miowmershsimealis agin 4 pe le Gone 32. P. roopianum (Bordz. ) Sosn. ate Leaves 1-, nearly 2-pinnatisect, with oblong or lanceolate lobes, almost not involute-margined. Capsules larger, 10-15 mm long, broader, not torulose from bulging seeds, smooth. Flowers larger Re eS ih Gore Lk ee, ee LeU OES ame A Maan Vevigs oom isn cs 2 2. 2). jun Capsules; olalRoush sis y Ger eee i ee le tee reem meee e 30. P.caucasicum M. B. + Capsules hairy mete debs quia Se ge ae heat pew Pe eae 31. P. persicum Lindl. 30. P.caucasicum M.B., Fl. taur.-cauc. JI (1808) 5; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 90:, Boiss.;. Fl. Or. I, 109 (excel) syn. P. armeéeniacum): Peddejm Pflzr. IV, 104, 352.—P. floribundum Desf., Choixd. pi. TYournef. (1808) 62, tab. 46.—P. armeniacum N. Buschin Fl. cauc. crit. Il, 4 (1905).37;-nen DGs—P.fugax Poin, Encye, .V (1804) Lie.— Pt hora dum Fedde in Pflzr. IV, 104, 349, 350 (quoad. pl. caucasicas).—Ic.: SimSs a Bote Mapes tale. wlio 5:0 BoteyRege atoll) 345 (Glee). Biennial, usually glaucous, rarely greenish gray, 15—40cm; stem one, erect, obtusely tetragonous below, acutely angled above, with short lateral branches forming a many-flowered paniculate- racemose inflorescence, rarely branches elongated, few stems produced by each rootstock; radical 476 625 leaves up to 20cm long, with slender, usually bristly petioles which are slightly triangular owing to the prominent midrib; blade oblong in outline, 1- or nearly 2-pinnatisect; segments (7 pairs) sessile, oblong or lanceolate, obtuse or acute, remote or the upper approximate, pinnatifid or dissected almost to base into oblong or lanceolate, rarely linear-lanceolate, obtuse or acute lobes usually ‘erminating in a bristle; cauline leaves short- petioled or sessile, similar to radical leaves, large or slightly reduced, sometimes with reduced lateral segments. Flower buds ovate-oval, oval or globular, 10—13 mm long, glabrous or bristly; corolla pink; petals 2—3 cm long; peduncles erect, large, glabrous, usually shorter than 10cm, rarely longer when inflorescence spreads; capsules glabrous, smooth, glaucous, usually oboblong or obovate, nearly tapering into a pedicel, rarely oblong-clavate or subglobular-ovate, 10—15 mm long; disk high or low, pyramidal, rarely nearly flat; rays 4—6, rarely 3 or 7-8. June—August. Stony slopes, gravels, and rocks up to 3,000 m.—Caucasus: Cisc. (Tersk), Dap.) E.-and 5. Transc., Tal., W. Transc. (rarely Adzharia, Abkhazia, on the Kodor Range). Gen. distr.: Iran. (NW), Arm.-Kurd. Described from the foot of Mount Kazbek. Type in Leningrad. Note. An extremely variable species, sometimes completely glabrous, but usually more or less bristly, with slender or thick bristles, nearly acicular; unusually variable in shape and pubescence of flower buds, and form of capsule and disk. In the Caucasus, Fedde, followed by Grossheim (Fl. Kavk. II, 134—135), distinguished, in addition to P. caucasicum also P. floribundum Desf. and P. fugax Poir.as follows: f > *apeules oblons; tapering at both-ends. Petals larger .’0 0°. 0S. 0. 2s Capsules obovate (or subglobular). Petals smaller, 15—25 mm long Penni. L o8s, ee Coats eta eat keke See nee se P. fugax Poir. 2. Leaf lobes obtuse; glabrescent plants ........ P. caucasicum M. B. 2 Leaf lobes acute. Plants more bristly ....... P. floribundum Desf. An examination of a large collection of herbarium specimens reveals that because of the extreme variability of all indicated characters these distinctions are invalid. One may only say that in the north (Terskii Range, Dagestan, parts of the Main Range), P. caucasicum is widely distributed, without becoming dominant; stem not as tall, more branched, with elongated branches; pubescence slighter and sparser, of slender bristles; leaves crenate, lobes obtuse or subobtuse; capsule most often oblong, with short pyramidal stigma. In the south, especially along the Araks River, P. floribundum predominates; plant prickly-bristly, stem taller, branches short, forming a paniculate inflorescence; leaf segments and lobes narrow, acute; capsules obovate; disk high or low pyramidal or flat. The indicated characters are not consistent. Specimens of the type P. floribundum, such as those collected by Lagovskii, were even found in the Kazbek, while in the south specimens were found with characters of P. caucasicum. Moreover, there are all possible transitions between the alternative characters proper, and the development of intermediate characters does not show clear geographical limits. The attempt to separate numerous small local species failed, probably because of the lack of sufficient herbarium specimens. From the point of view of nomenclature, it is possible that our species should be called P. fugax Poir. (1804) rather than 477 626 P. caucasicum M.B. (1808) or P. floribundum Desf. (1808). We have not seen the type of. P. fugax Poir., collected in Iran (Mount Elwend, Michaux, after DC. Syst. II, 84), but the original description states petalis minimis, which does not fit our plant. Hence, for the time being, I retain the name P.caucasicum, although I am rather confident that our species, broadly conceived, should be called P. fugax Poir. 31. P.persicum Lindl., Bot. Reg. (1833) tab. 1570; Boiss., Fl. Or. L) 109: Bedde in Pflzr. 1V) 04) po 348. — Pie. aucias 1 Cau eel aeale Ross. I 90)\(ex p.).— P) armeniacum var. persica N. Buschin wa eauc. crit. III (1905) 41.—Ic.: Lindl, 1.c., tab. 1570. Biennial, identical with the southern type of P. caucasicum, but capsules more or less flattened or slightly spreading, with thin bristly, sometimes almost silky hairs. June—August. Stony and rocky slopes, rare.—Caucasus: E. Transc., Tal., S. Transc. Gen. distr.: N. Iran. Described from Iran. Type in London? Note. Distinguished from P. caucasicum merely by pubescence of the capsule. The few available specimens from the Caucasus show variations similar to those in P. caucasicum. 1) Capsules subglobular, densely silk-hairy. Disk broad, nearly flat. In general the capsule fits the description given by Fedde (l.c., Fig. 38c); leaf segments more obtuse. Karabakh, Myakyan Gorge 30 July 1895, Lomakin. 2) Capsules ellipsoid- oval; disk high-pyramidal, acute, narrow. Armenia, Shakh-Dag Range, 25 July, 1928, Zedelmeier and Geidemann. Talysh, in the subalpine belt, 18 June 1830, K. A. Meier (capsules sparingly pubescent). These specimens may be identified with P. flahaultii Fedde in Pflzr. IV (1909) 347, considered by Fedde himself.as a hybrid of P. persicum FP. xX flor bundia ra: the type is from the Botanical Garden in Montpellier, where P. floribun- dum was cultivated together (?) with P. persicum. — Judging from the illustration of the authentic P. persicum Lindl., the petals are brick-red; capsule oblong, stigma short pyramidal, narrow, acute —in fact it is more like P. flahaultii than P. persicum (as sketched by Fedde). 32. P.roopianum (Bordz.) Sosn. in Moniteur Jard. Bot. de Tiflis 27 (1913) 3.—P.triniaefolium var. Roopianum Bordzilowski in Act. Hort. Jurjew. XI (1910) 34.—Exs.: Herb. Fl. Cauc. No. 361. Biennial; stems one or several, from one rootstock, 25—40 cm high, with thin and slender bristles; branches short, erect, forming in upper part of the stem a paniculate-racemose many-flowered inflorescence; pedicels and peduncles slender, subfiliform; leaves narrowly bipinnatisect, with rather thick segments, lobes ovate or oblong, dissected into narrowly linear, short, often crisp, revolute-margined obtuse lobes, terminating in a bristle. Flower buds globular, obovate, glabrous, 7-10 mm long; corolla small, ca.3cm across; petals 1—1.5cm long; capsules narrowly oblong, subcylindrical, small, up to 10 mm long, torulose from projecting seeds, glaucous, glabrous; stigma short pyramidal, with 3—4 rays, small, ca. 1mm long, inconspicuously denticulate along margin. Caucasus: S. Transc. (Nakhichevan ASSR), Tal. (Zuvant). Gen. distr.: Arm.-Kurd. Described from the Oltu district of the Kars province. Type in Leningrad. 478 Note. This species belongs to the group related to P.armeniacum (L.) DC., (Syst. II (1921) 83), which is distinguished from the P. fugax— P. caucasicum group by torulose capsules. Judging by De Candolle's description it is quite possible that P. roopianum is, indeed, the authentic P. armeniacum, which Tournefort called ''P. hypecoifolium...etc., thereby referring to the thinly dissected leaves of the type of P. armeni- acum, which we have not seen. Fedde (in Pflzr. IV, 104, p. 352), in his description of P. armeniacum, does not cite the locality mentioned by Tournefort, from which one may conclude that he, too, had not seen the type species. In all probability, this type originates in Erzerum, i.e., in the area close to Kars. The specimen cited by Fedde (l.c., 352); Sintenis It. or. 1890, No. 3070 Sipikor-dagh, under the name P. armeniacum (L.) DC., is in my opinion not distinguished from P.roopianum. Section 5. ARGEMONORHOEADES Fedde in Pflzr. IV, 104 (1909) 326. — Annual; petals red, usually with black spot; flowers single on elongated flower stalks, not forming an inflorescence at end of branches; capsules bristly, very rarely glabrous; disk convex; rays pectinate-ascending, with rigid-coriaceous extensions fused between the rays. KS Flower buds with 2 large hollow horns; filaments filiform; petals bright red with black basal arch, capsules 5—10 mm long, oval, ribbed, Perens orem Wily ried Spreading bristies.. oe ok. Oe ES ee Tre os re harm GRRE Pee ER PN! BER A 33. P.pavoninum Schrenk. - Flower buds hornless. Filaments strongly clavately-thickened at eee ecu tore immer hispid ~- 2. Se So ee PoaesateE OVareronevare 2. 2UR LAI th Qe BR ae VE Capsuies cylindrical or tlavatety ¢ylndrical’ sf 18. ee Oe: 3. Petals bright red, 2—4cm long, with a variegated basal black spot; +0 flower buds globular; stamen borne on a broad girdle, ca. 1 mm wide; GCapeile*as in Fi‘ pevoninwm;'s-10mm fong ) ob Poe Bee ipl picket gue Ml at Ans Make tae AP Tah Bi as Co de See EN OS 34. P. ocellatum G. Wor. + Petals wine- or pink-red, small, 1.5—2 cm long, with black-violet spot at claw. Flower buds small, oblong. Stamens few, borne on a very narrow, linear girdle; capsule larger, 10—14 mm long, with more Peay ceurvea pristios (Pai. LNT apyeee OL, 35. P. hybridum L. 4. Petals 2—2.5cm long, brick-red; capsule clavate-cylindrical; plant greenish with greenish leaves, usually 20—30cm, up to 40cmtall .. Rar Ee. Danes nege Ok EF ASTER RS. IRD! BOOS LONE 2 Ie 36. P.argemone L. + Petals 1.0—1.5cm long, dark red; capsule cylindrical, 10—18 mm; plant 7—15cm tall, smaller, canescent from appressed bristles, ... POP Es SR ee SPE Sa MOY se BET SONe Bet, 37. P.belangeri Boiss. 33. P.pavoninum Schrenk, Enum. pl. nov. II (1842) 64; Fisch. et Mey. in Ind. Sem. Hort. Petr. IX (1843) 82: Boiss., Fl. Or. I, 116; Voronov in Izv. Kavk. Muz. XI (1918) 278.—Ic.: Gartenfl. XXXI, tab. 1095; Gard® ‘Chronic! XXVI)"329; Voronov, l.c., Fig. 6 and 7, p.3797—Exs.: HFR No. 853. 479 628 629 Annual; stem 20—30 (up to 50) cm high, erect, large, more or less branching, with rigid spreading bristles; radical leaves long-petioled, bipinnatisect, green, slightly bristled; blade ovate, with remote segments; segments subsessile or short-petioled, ovate, pinnatisect or incised into short, oblong or ovate, often dentate, rarely entire, blunt or acute lobes with flat or barely involute margins, terminating in a bristle; cauline leaves sessile or subsessile, tripartite; segments pinnatisect into lanceolate acute lobes or lobules, with thick acute sections. Flower buds oval or ovate, 10—15 mm long, sometimes subglobular, with spreading bristles, sometimes rufous-villous, with conspicuous more or less long, hollow apical horns; petals bright red, with black basal arch, 2—5 cm long, broad, rounded; stamens numerous, filaments black, slender, filiform, usually markedly longer than ovary; anthers dark violet or black, pollen blue; capsules 5—10 mm long, oval, sometimes (small) subglobular, ribbed, with semi- spreading white bristles along,sometimes between, ribs; stigma convex- hemispherical, with 4-11, most often 5—8 rays; disk usually small, narrower than capsules; stamen girdle broad; seeds gray, minute, reticulate- alveolate; alveoli very narrow, difficult to distinguish at X 10, with undulate- flexuous walls. April—May. (Plate XLII, Figure 4). Clayey, rarely stony slopes of the lower mountain zone (semidesert zone). -— Centr, Asia® Mtn. Turkm:., “Kara K.,- AmuyD!), Pam -Al Sym eee sh.,) Balkh. Dzu.- Tarb. Gen. distr.: Dzus-—Kash7) iran.) Described comm Ala Kul Lake, after plants grown from seeds collected there. Type in Leningrad. Note. This species produces a remarkable mass flowering in the foothills of Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tadzhikistan, and Kazakhstan. 34. P.ocellatum Woron. in Bull. Musée Caucase XI (1918) 276—280. — Pihybridum @grandiflorum Boiss. Pl. Or. W@S67) Ad (ee eusen in) Pls,cauc, erit. (Mljn4 35; heddevn Pilary IV, 204s vse es ayelaee camera vars mierocarpa N. Busch (1905), 1.c.—P: pavoninum var. ame or -— nutum Fedde, 1l.c. 334.—P. apulum Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 88 (non Ten.). — leh: sBopohobs dlc. fee to. —xs:. GE vA ME NoaeaOGF Annual; stem 15—30 (—40) high, rounded, slightly branching, erect, covered with sparse, white, rather soft, spreading bristles; radical leaves with long, slender, softly bristled petioles; blade ovate in outline, bipinnatisect; 3—4 pairs of segments sessile, oblong, with slightly decurrent base, pinnatisect into alternate, oblong or lanceolate-triangular, entire or dentate, acute lobes terminating in a bristle; upper cauline leaves sessile, tripartite into pinnately or bipinnately dissected segments with linear-lanceolate lobes (or lobules) with long bristles at tip of teeth; lobes (lobules) not or barely not revolute-margined; peduncles with appressed white bristles, rather slender, long. Flower buds spherical, rarely oval, hornless, 10—12 mm across with spreading rufous bristles, extremely rarely glabrescent; corolla bright red, large, 4—8 cm in diameter; petals with large black basal spot with or without a red ocellus; black spot sometimes in the form of an arch, as in P. pavoninum, sometimes with 2 small, triangular lateral spots (var. turcomanicum M. Pop.): petals overlapping; stamens numerous with black filaments, strongly clavately thickened at apex; anthers oblong- linear, not azure, barely overtopping stigma; capsule oval or obovate to subglobular, 5—10 mm long, with slightly prominent ribs, covered with semi- Spreading, erect bristles; disk small, convex, with 5—10 rays; stamen girdle broad, ca.1 mm long. April—May. (Plate XLII, Figure 5). 480 630 Clayey slopes in wormwood semideserts. —Caucasus: Cisc. (Terskii region, Khasavzurt), Dga., E. Transc.; Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. (western Kopet-Dagh). Gen. distr.: Iran. (northern slopes of the Elburz). Described from Goris-Tskhali (April) 1902, Dzhebuadze). Type in Tbilisi. 29ui) Pahybridum L.,..Sp.pl..(1753) 506; Ldb.,. Fl. Ross. I, 88: Boiss.; MepercipritimbN.Buschin. Fl:) caucy crit. I, 4,533 (excl. var. © rane i flora et microcarpa); Fedde in Pflzr. IV, 104, 332 (excl. var. tenui- folium et grandiflorum).—P. argemone var. hybridum Schmalh., Fl. 1(1895) 46.—O, hispidum Lam., Fl. France III (1778) 174; Rouy et Meacaud, Winitr. dynl'eheic.: Bnet... Bot tab. 43: Rchb., sles. Fl. Germ. i tap: eV; £. 4476; Hegi, llluste. Fl. Mitteleur: IV, tab. 123, f.. 4; Balies,, EI. Deutsch..:13;, fig. 1927;.Bonniér, Fl. ill. #rance I, pl. 25, 1106.2 Exs:: (Bk. A.M. No. 560 Annual, 10—30 cm tall; stem often branching from base, angular, covered with long, semi-appressed hairs, often violet at base, stoutish; leaves profuse, rigidly scabrous-bristly, radical leaves with long villous petioles, 2- nearly 3-pinnatisect, the segments ovate, sessile, lobes thick, lobules oblong, obtuse; cauline leaves sessile, tripartite, the segments 1- or 2-pinnatisect into linear, elongated revolute-margined, acute or obtuse lobules; peduncles short, stoutish, often flexuous, appressed-hairy; flower buds small, hornless, oval-oblong, up to 10 mm long, with sparse long semi- appressed bristles; petals obovate, small, 15—20 mm long (flowers 2—3 cm in diameter), caducous, light wine-red, with small black or violet basal spot; stamens few, with black filaments, gradually thickening at apex, tapering below; anthers short oval, brown; pollen blue; stamen girdle very narrow, inconspicuous; capsule rather large, 10—14 mm long, broadly oval, covered with rigid, spreading often recurved bristles; stigma small, convex, with 4—9 rays; seeds black, rounded, with rectangular, large network of alveoli. April—June. (Plate XLII, Figure 3). Dry slopes, gardens, cultivated and fallow fields in the semidesert, semi- steppe, and steppe zones. — European part: Crim.; Caucasus: Cisc., Dag., W., E. and S. Transc.; Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. (western Kopet- Dagh). Gen. distr.: Iran., Arm.-Kurd., Med., Bal.-As. Min., Centr. and Atl. Eur. Described from Southern Europe. Type in London. Note. Very consistent in its characters; readily distinguished from the related P. ocellatum and P. pavoninum by its leaves, small, oval, hornless flower buds, smaller and less bright corolla, larger capsule covered with spreading bristles, and very narrow stamen girdle. The latter isa particularly useful character to distinguish P. hybridum from P. ocella- tum and P. pavoninum, as fruiting specimens lack flower buds and flowers; Fedde's report of P. hybridum for the whole of Turkestan, up to the Ili River, iserroneous. In Central Asia P. hybridum is not encountered outside the environs of Kara- Kala. 36. P.argemone L., Sp. pl. (1753) 506; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 83; Boiss., PEe@g.«wia LG; ShmaligiawHl«I, 35; N. Busch in FI} cauc. crit. Il, 4, aay Pedde in, Pialze ely, 91.04, 826. le. Rchbsdes-Fi oGerme XIV, Psa 4475; Halberg hi pDeutseh old, 9152, -f. 14296; Hegi.,).JMustr..F1. Mitteleur:, IV, taba 2c ot. oe Bombe fl.» ill, France I, plig24, ff. 107. 48] PLATE XLIL 1—Papaver litwinowii Fedde; 2—P. belangeri Boiss.; 3—P. hybridum L.; 4—P. pavonium Schrenk; 5—P. ocellatum Woron; 6—P. arenarium M.B.; 7—P. bipinnatum C.A.M. 482 |'633 Annual, up to 40cm tall; stem often branching from base, with sparse appressed bristles, green, radical leaves 20cm long, bipinnatisect, with remote segments divided into linear-lanceolate dentate lobes. Flower buds oblong, up to 15mm; flowers red; capsule up to 20mm long, clavate- cylindrical, usually broadened toward apex, with spreading or semi-appressed bristles or glabrous below or entirely glabrous; stigma like P. belangeri. May — July. Fields, fallow fields and stony places. — European part: M. Dnp. (W.), Crim. (Simferopol). Gen. distr.: Scandinavia, Centr. and Atl. Eur., Med., Bal.-As. Min., Iran. Described from Europe. Type in London. Note. P. argemone,is a typical mesophyllic form. It is primarily a native of Central Europe. In the Soviet Union it is rare. In the Crimea it is confined to the vicinity of Simferopol (Sredinskii! ). The more xerophilous form, approaching P. belangeri, with its white pubescence, smaller leaves, predominantly dentate, not pinnatisect segments, and its narrowly cylindrical capsule, is more frequent in the Crimea; _ I did not see the petals of this form but presume that they approach P. belangeri in their small size and deeper color. Such specimens are: Flora taurica 1893, Shnitnikov. Sevastopol, 5 V 1896, anonym. Balaklava Valley, 30 April 1905, N. A. Bush. Whether there is aclear morphological distinction between P. argemone and P. belangeri or not can be resolved only by experimental cultivation. 37. P.belangeri Boiss., Fl. Or. 1 (1867) 117, Fedde in Pflzr. IV, 104, 330/—P:idesertorum :Grossh..in:Grossh.,;et B:;Schischk., .Pl.. or. exs. (1924) 23.—Ic.: Belanger, Voy. aux Indes Orient. Ic. (no number).— Exs.:-Ph) orientexs: No, 85. Annual, grayish plant, 7—15 (—20) cm tall; stem large, erect, rounded, stem and pedicels covered with appressed white bristles, branches simple or slightly upright; leaves small, slightly hispid, the lower with bristle- covered petioles, with an oblong, pinnatisect blade, the segments oblong- linear, obtusely dentate or pinnatifid into small lobes, slightly revolute- margined, with bristle at tip; cauline leaves few, tripartite, each segment pinnatisect into linear lobes with revolute-margins; peduncles large, straight, the middle often markedly thickened distally. Flower buds small, 6—10 mm long, oblong, with sparse, semi-spreading bristles, and incipient small apical horns; filaments black, clavately thickened distally, subulate before the short oval anthers; petals dark red, with black basal spot, 10—15 mm long, obovate-oblong; capsule oblong-cylindrical or cylindrical, 10—18 mm long, 3—3.5 mm broad, conically expanded at base covered with semi-spreading or spreading white bristles; stigma slightly convex, most often with 4 rays, with very conspicuously fused scarious extensions between rays. April— May. (Plate XLII, Figure 2). Stony slopes in lower mountain zone.—Caucasus: S. Transc. (Armenia and Nakhichevan). Gen. distr.: Iran. Described from Southern Iran (Persepolis). Type in Geneva. Note. Apparently P.desertorum cannot be distinguished from P. belangeri; the only difference between them, judging by the type specimens, is the more slender, bipinnatisect leaves of P. belangeri, as compared with the usually simply pinnate leaves of P.desertorum Grossh. (Type from distr. Nachitschevan, in montibus Darry-dagh in lapidosis, 20 May 1923 leg. A. Grossh.— P. belangeri (P.desertorum) 483 634 is very close to P. argemone, from which it differs only by the lower growth, the xerophilous aspect, the gray pubescent stems, the smaller leaves with approximate segments and lobes, the smaller and darker flowers, and the narrower, nearly always cylindrical, always densely bristled capsule. Section 6. CARINATA. Fedde in Pflzr. IV, 104 (1909) 334. — Annuals; flowers single at tips of branches, not disposed in a racemose inflorescence; petals bright red with black spot; capsules glabrous (very rarely bristly?), elongated, ribless; disk convex; rays pectinate-ascending, strongly drawn down along placental nerves. Disk readily caducous in fruit; connective anthers with small globular appendage. 38. P.macrostomum Boiss. et Huet in Boiss., Fl. Or. I (1867) 115; NG BwiSela iia I, Came, erele, IL 4 Pe leche, I Gs, Boo, IF. wl @ir i = bundum ld., Fl. Ross. I, 90 (non Destf.). Annual; stem 20—60cm high, with soft scattered spreading bristles, | sometimes glabrescent, branching; leaves pinnatisect or deeply incised, glabrescent, with elongated, lanceolate, sharp-toothed, acute segments terminating in a bristle; upper leaves sessile, tripartite, with pinnatisect segments; lobes usually narrow, lanceolate-linear or linear; peduncles robust, not long, often flexuous, appressed-bristly; flower buds large, up to 20mm long, oval, with sparse, spreading, white or rufous hairs; petals bright red, with a large, black, liguliform, square or broadly cuneate subreniform spot, narrower on the internal petals; stamens numerous, with slender black filaments and black rounded anthers, the connective bearing a small, orange, capitate apical appendage; capsule 10—20 mm long, obovate or oblong- clavate, smooth, glabrous, glaucous, even ripe capsule without prominent placental nerves; disk with fused scarious-coriaceous extensions of 5—10 rays; readily caducous, opening the capsule; disk teeth carinate-ascending, abruptly recurved at edge of capsule. June— August. Fields, fallow fields, roadsides, often also stony slopes, to 2,000 m. — European part: L. V. (Biryuchya Kosa at the mouth of the Volga near Astrakhan-Karelin); Caucasus: Dag. (Derbent),E., S. and W. Transc. (rarely), Tal. Gen. distr.: Arm. -Kurd., Iran., Bal-As. Min. (Anatolia). Described from Asia Minor. Type in Geneva. Section 7. ORTHORHOEADES Fedde in Pflzr. IV, 104 (1909) 290. — Annuals; flowers single at tips of branches, not in a racemose inflorescence; petals bright red (rarely white), usually with black spot. Capsules glabrous. Disk always well-developed, scarious, with low, not ascending rays. The largest and most complex section of the genus. du. Capsules spherical or spherical-obovate, more or less abruptly tapering into a conspicuous pedicel (gynophore).............. Ze 635 + Capsules narrower, oboblong or obconical or clavate, rounded at base or gradually tapering towards base without pedicel (gynophore) 5667 484 636 ~ 39. Bristly hairs of peduncles horizontally spreading. Petals, especially the outer, broader than long, very large. If black spot present then found at the base. Terminal leaf segments elongated, lanceolate, often serrate-dentate. Flower buds to 25mm long SN AN A a i Ne Mc ae at de inn Lich Ven acd. say ig als 39. P. rhoeas L. Peduncles with appressed bristles. Petals smaller, orbicular or obovate, not broader than long. Black spot mostly tetragonous, else rounded in center of petals and in any case remote from base. Terminal segment not elongated... 41. P. commutatum Fisch. et Mey. Peduncles with rigid bristles, recurved, horizontal. Petals very large, to 6cm long. Flower buds oval, hornless, with retrorse, rigid beasties. eaves, bipinnatisectiay . tars p%, «duels 49. P.bipinnatum C. A.M. Peduncles with appressed bristles. Bristles on buds not retrorse . Ee ae ee emer ee ee ee, ee Oe, ee en eee ee Te 4. Corolla very large, as in P. rhoeas, outer petals broad. Capsules Showare- Oblong, roundedsral DASE ye... amseii ik. ap 40. P.strigosum Schur. Corolla smaller, outer petals not as broad as long. Capsules gradually Be me TOM AIS INES ce ed i ea is calc Dts iA re ET 5 us idea a OF lind gig 3. Flower buds with conspicuous erect, slender horns, especially obvious in the young bud. Leaves usually bi-or tripinnatisect into narrow lobes. Corolla large, red, with black spot..... 48. P.arenarium M. B. EES Ter ae NR Gt oNe ol is) Ci a as a es ae ane, ers 6. Capsules very small, 6-7 mm long. Leaves delicate, lyrately pinnati- sect; terminal segment large, much larger than the lateral (not SUSE S/O UML Sere Rr Ra MGV galt ng ot a? PMRARA b= 1 a Sa ae eee eee ee 47. P.chelidoniifolum Boiss. et Buhse. Capsules larger, more than 10mm long. Leaves not so sharply eae OTRO es) Pa che whl: ibs ncepiyathmcts mick Puckkeass oe KPeE «ca. tee Ps is Pilates moore Drigily On StCm. SMG LOAVES sky cd SuSE tial iy Sn tmuegel piedua ds 8. Plants glabrous or capitate; leaves, at least, glabrous. Petals SIMRO CMA OU Sirs chit ee Nd Cute, Te ye Bad toch cei gle. dee a ements (inl Coen 9. Petals large, up to 6—7 cm in diameter, bright red, with very large elongated black spot. Stamen girdle broad. Caucasus, near Tbilisi . TT oe Ee ka BOE: okt ee >. a pigs 2 42. P.ambiguum M. Pop. Petals small (flower 2—4cm in diameter), pale red, with small black BAS SBOL. OLammen S1LGle WARTOW pe co cs ee pie clin Ebi > 43. P.dubium L. Leaves nearly bipinnatisect, with lacerated dentate lobes and lobules. Petals with large oblong black spot covering more than half the petals Se Ne aa Bh ak oie s, 46. P.lacerum M. Pop. Dee Oui tS Cer OF TVCUSCH ai o.com tied os Jeprihdvese> en a heapen to curtee eae Segments narrow, lobate-linear or linear. Petal spot small, basal. southern Ukraine, Northern Caucasus ....... 44. P. laevigatum M. B. Segments of the less deeply incised leaves larger, broad, oblong or lanceolate. Petal spot central or absent .... 45. P.litwinowii Fedde. Po rneeas tc on. pl. (1.754). 507: dbl, ll. Ross, 1. 88: + Boiss ni Or 2 ia sonmale.. Pi. t SGs)N. Buschiin PL scauc. crit. iL 4, 23; Reade an Pier. Vv, ple .200., Wryts, Pa Zap. Old La badte lee! nelly... te. 2) Germ. tab,~ XV ~.f. 4470. 485 637 Annual, branching plant, to 80cm; stem erect, stem and peduncles covered with rather rigid, horizontally spreading bristles; leaves pinnatisect, large; segments elongated, lanceolate, the terminal segment visibly larger, all segments acute, often serrate-dentate or incised; teeth or lobes triangular-lanceolate, sometimes runcinate, acute; cauline leaves tripartite, with pinnatifid elongated large segments; pedicels long, large. Flower buds up to 25mm long, oval-oblong, with rigid bristles; petals very large, outer petals especially broad, 6cm broad, often transversely oval, rarely orbicular, red or pink or white, with or without large black basal spot; stamens numerous, with slender, black or red filaments, anthers oblong; capsule glabrous, subspherical or broadly obovate, abruptly tapering into a conspicuous pedicel, slightly ribbed, 10—22 mm long; disk flat, scarious; rays low, 5—18, most often 8—10, teeth contiguous. April—July. Weeds among crops, fields, roadsides, fallow fields, rarely stony slopes. — European part: M. Dnp., B., Crim. (rather often); Caucasus: seldom Cise!; Dag!, Transc.; W. Siberia? Alt: (seldom introduced). Gen. distr.: Scandinavia, Atl. and Centr. Eur., Bal.-As. Min., Med., Iran. Deseribed from Europe. Type in London. Economic importance. A well-known ornamental garden plant with a profusion of forms and varieties, distinguished by simple and double flowers, with diversely incised, often fimbriated petals, ranging in color from entirely white to entirely blackish red or with different designs and margins. The dried flowers are officinal (''Flores Rhoeades,'') and contain rhoeadine and a slight quantity of morphine, often used as a soporific. The petal pigment anthocyanidin is sometimes used as a color in syrups and wines. Excellently preserved flowers, from ancient Egypt of 1,100 B.C., are in the Cairo Museum. Cattle avoid this plant. Note. This weed is unknown in its natural state. Presumably it originated in the Balkan Peninsula, where the related P. rumelicum Velen occurs in the wild. As aweed, P. rhoeas continues to spread even today. 40. P.strigosum (Boenn.) Schur in Verhand. naturf. Ver. Brtinn. XV, 2 (1877) 66; Buschin Fl. cauc. crit. Ill, 4, 24 (excl. var. commutatum Fedde et specimina pleraque sub P. strigoso vero citato); Fedde in Pilzr. IV, 104, 308.—P. rhoeas Bstrigosum Boeninghausen, Prod: fl. Monast. (1824) 157; Shmal'g., Fl. Annual, up to 70cm high, covered in lower part with spreading bristles; leaves like P. rhoeas, pinnatisect, with elongated, lanceolate, acutely serrate-dentate or incised segments,like P. dubium nearly bipinnatisect, lobes oblong-linear, slightly remote-denticulate; peduncles with appressed bristles, elongated. Flower buds larger (up to 25mm long), oval, bristly; corolla asin P. rhoeas. Capsules broadly obovate or oblong, with 5—12 rays, not tapering into a pedicel or with more or less conspicuous pedicel. April—June. Stony slopes, fields, and fallows. —European part: Crim. (rather common). Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur., Bal.-As. Min., Med. Described from Transylvania (Hermannstadt). Type in Budapest. Note. P.strigosum, as proposed with some hesitation by Rouy et Foucaud (Fl. France I, 156), is certainly a hybrid between P. rhoeas and P. dubium and, may therefore, exhibit different combinations of their 486 638 characters. Tentatively, we include in P. strigosum only those combinations that have: 1) peduncles with appressed bristles, 2) corolla similar to P. rhoeas,i.e., larger, with broader and longer-preserved petals. The characters of the capsule and leaves may vary from the typical rhoeas tothetypical dubium. With respect to the characters of the leaves there may be distinguished: 1) var.genuinum Fedde, l.c., 309, leaves as in P. dubium (inthe Crimea) and 2) var. urophyllum Fedde, l.c., 309, leaves as in P. rhoeas,i.e., terminal segment overlaps the lateral, segments often acutely dentate (in the Crimea). —I did not encounter P. strigosum in the Caucasus, although it probably occurs there. 41. P.cummutatum Fisch. et Mey. in Ind. sem. Hort. Petrop. IV (1837);41-)Ldb., »Fl., Ross. d,+83,..144;. Boiss.,-F 1.» Or;.-1,.113; Fedde jin Pilernel¥.4 04, .311.—P:, rheeas,var:.commutatum,; Elk., , Tent. Mon. Papav. (1839) 28; Shmal'g., Fl. I, 36.—P. strigosum var. commutata Fedde ex Busch in Fl. cauc. crit. IV, 104 (1905) 25.— P. schelkownikowii* N. Busch in Izv. Kavk. Muz. IV (1908) 40.—Ic.: Cesati, Stirp. Ital. fasc. I, XII. Annual; stem up to 50cm high, usually branching from base, with spreading branches, rarely simple, glabrous or not densely long-bristly; lower leaves pinnatisect, with rather large, ovate, crenate-dentate segments, glabrous or slightly bristly, rarely (poorly developed specimens) lower leaves pinnatifid, with oblong lobes; upper leaves sessile, tripartite, with pinnatisect segments and oblong, dentate-crenate, obtuse or acute lobes; peduncles long, often flexuous, more or less densely covered with appressed white bristles. Flower buds hornless, oblong-elliptic, up to 18 mm long, covered with long and slender antrorse bristly hairs; corolla large bright red; petals broad, rounded, 2—4 cm long, witha more or less large, tetragonous, oblong or rounded spot above its base and close to its center, sometimes the spot cuneate, running all across the petal or truncated in the center (P. schelkownikowi WN. Busch); stamens numerous, with slender, black filaments, stamen girdle broad; capsule spherical or obovate- spherical, glabrous, 5-10 mm long, abruptly tapering into a distinct 1—1.5 mm long pedicel; disk of ripe capsule flat, with overlapping teeth; rays 5—10. April— May. (Plate XLI, Figure 3). Semideserts, dry slopes, crops, roadsides. — Caucasus: Cisc. (in the Terek area, westward to Grozny and Sleptsovskaya; elsewhere in the west absent), Dag., E. Transc. (often), S., Transc. (often), W. Transc. (rarely), Tal. Gen. distr.: Iran. (northwestern Iran), Arm.-Kurd., Bal.-As. Min. (As. Min.). Described from Transcaucasia. Type in Leningrad. Note. Starting with Schur himself this species has often been confused with P. strigosum Schur and with P.dubium. From the former it is distinguished by smaller corollas, narrower petals with a central black spot, and smaller, always distinctly pedicelled capsules. From P. dubium, it is distinguished by the distinct conspicuous pedicels of the capsule, visible even in the early stages of development, the position of the spot on the petals, and the dimensions and bright color of the petals. —P. commutatum does not uccur in Crimea and Western Europe. Hybridization with P. dubium undoubtedly occurs and partially blurs the boundary between these species. * P.schelkowniko vii, appears to be an independent species. (Ed.) 487 639 640 42. P.ambiguum M. Pop. sp. nova in Addenda VI, p. 578 (probably hybridization of P. commutatum XP. dubium). Annual; lower leaves pinnatilobate, with broad, slightly dentate-crenate lobes; upper leaves tripartite, with pinnatifid segments; lobes entire or slightly dentate, lanceolate or linear; stem branching, erect, strong, up to 50cm high, with sparse spreading bristles; peduncles large, elongated, with appressed bristles; corolla large, 6-7 mm in diameter, bright red, with a very large, elongated black spot; capsules oblong-clavate, 18mm long, gradually but distinctly tapering at base; disk flat, scarious, with broad but short incumbent teeth. (Plate XLI, Figure 5). Caucasus: E. Trans. (Kodzhory), W. Transc. (Racha), Tal. (Germin). Described from the Georgian SSR (Kodzhory). Type in Leningrad. Note. Avery critical species, similar to P. strigosum. Leaves similar to those of P. dubium, but more glabrous; corolla bright, large, with large black spot, more closely resembling the corolla of P. commuta- tum but petal spot basal; capsules elongated, similar to those of P. dubium, but pedicel more distinct, disk teeth overlapping and stamen girdle broad,asin P.commutatum. The specimens mentioned have been referred by N.A. Bush to P. dubium.—P. ambiguum differs from P. arenarium by its slightly dissected leaves; it also resembles Poa cre ura. 43. Pidubium 15.5,Sp: pl (1753) im append.) 1196" Sidbe PikYResceas ie IBYOHSISo, IML, ye, 15 Wiles IN, JewisGla sia IMI, Came, Gili. WN 44,276 Inedce in Pflzr. IV, 104, 313.—P. rhoeas var. dubium Schmalh., Fl. I (1895) 37.—P. nothum Stev. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXIX, 2 (1856) 285.—Iec.: Rehbt, lcs Hl] Germ: Mil tabs XVe f. 4477; Bonnier, Pi ils Hrancherits pl: 24; Heo «iii bilora iVem le alt Annual; stem usually erect, few-branched, with appressed branches, rather densely and softly villous-bristly; lower leaves pinnatisect or in poorly developed specimens pinnatifid, with more or less large, broad, oblong, ovate segments, sometimes entire, sometimes dentate, obtuse or acute; upper leaves simple or bipinnatisect into linear or oblong-linear or lanceolate, entire or dentate, acute segments and lobes; teeth terminating in a long bristle; peduncles erect, large, long, with rather dense,often whitish appressed bristles. Flower buds remote, hornless, villous, small; stamens few, filaments very slender; corolla wine-red or pinkish, usually pale, rarely white (var. albiflorum Boiss.), small, caducous; pedals 1—2 (rarely 3) cm long, with dark or black basal spot, rarely without spot, usually obovate, not overlapping; capsules glabrous, oblong-clavate or clavate- cylindrical, the young obovate, sessile, without pedicels, 12—20 mm long, their surface, nearly nerveless, with rigid walls, glaucous; disk of mature capsule flat, scarious, teeth markedly overlapping; rays 4-11. April—June. Stony and clayey slopes, fields and roadsides. —European part: Crim. (very often); Caucasus: Cisc., Dag. -E. andis.. Lranse., “Lal. probably also W. Transc. Gen. distr.: Iran., Bal.-As. Min., Med., Centr. and Atl. Eur. Described from Sweden and England. Type in London. Note. A highly polymorphous species with many varieties (see Fedde, l.c.), which several botanists, Jordan in particular, have regarded as special species. A critical monograph would clarify these varieties. 488 44. P.laevigatum M.B., Fl. taur. cauc. I (1808) 364: Boiss., FI. Ort iis 2 du brain vars laevigatum Elk:; Tent, Mon. 'Papay. (1839) 25; N. Buschin Fl. cauc. crit. III, 4, 28; Fedde in Pflzr. IV, 104, 318 (excl. var. erosum Litw. et spec. afghanica, persica). — P. rhoeas var. dubium b.laevigatum Schmalh., Fl. I (1895).—Ic.: hehpy, te lsverie. TV> tab. 4352 (very good); Le sol. 'Gernmy WEL tab... Dev G f. 4478b. Annual, glaucous plant; stem 20—40cm high, orbicular, slender, stem and leaves glabrous or glabrescent, often reduced, rarely well-developed, slightly branching; petioles of radical leaves more distinct than in the following species, blades oblong, gradually tapering at base, sublyrate- pinnatilobate; cauline leaves sessile, cuneate, deeply incised almost dissected into narrow, elongated, lanceolate-linear or linear, entire or acutely-toothed segments; peduncles long, slender, with sparse appressed bristles. Flower buds oblong, ca.10mm long, glabrescent; corolla small, pale-pink-red, witha dark basal spot; capsules to20 mm long, usually shorter oblong-clavate, glabrous, glaucous, tapering to base; disk flat, scarious, slightly narrower than capsule, with short, rounded marginalteeth. April—June. Steppes, stony slopes, rare. —European part: Bl. (Nikolaev, Odessa), Crim. (Sudak, Callier, after Fedde, 1.c.); Caucasus: Cisc. Gen. distr.: - Bal.-As. Min. Described from the environs of Odessa. Type in Leningrad. 641 45. BP. litwinowii Fedde ex Bornm. in Beih. z. Bot. Central b. XIX, 2 (1906) 202 (nom. nudum) et in Pflzr. IV, 104 (1909) 341 (in adnof.).— P. dubium var. laevigatum subvar. erosum Fedde in Pflzr. IV (1909) 319.—P. laevigatum var. erosum Litw. in Trav. Mus. Bot. Ac. St. Pétersb. 1 (1902) 29 (excl. syn. P. decaisnei). Annual, glaucous plant; stem 15—30cm high, angular, erect, sparsely soft-villous, usually shorter than peduncles, simple, rarely branching; radical and lower cauline leaves oblong, without petioles, gradually tapering at base, slightly soft-villous, sometimes glabrescent, sublyrate-pinnatilobate; cauline leaves sessile, slightly villous or glabrescent, more or less deeply lacerated, pinnatifid into triangular, oblong, lanceolate or (in upper leaves) linear, slightly dentate or entire, acute lobes, in upper leaves the lower lobes sometimes more conspicuous than in the others; peduncles slender, long, with sparse appressed bristles. Flower buds 10—12 mm long, oblong, with sparse appressed hairs; corolla small, 2—3cm in diameter; 15—20mm long, obovate, not overlapping, readily and rapidly (in early morning) caducous, pink-pale red, with or without dark, almost black rounded central spot (one-colored), sometimes with incised-dentate distal edge; capsules oblong- clavate, glabrous, glaucous, tapering at base almost into a pedicel, slightly tapering distally, below disk, disk flat, scarious, slightly narrower than capsule, its margin with barely visible or somewhat truncate or rounded teeth; rays 5—10. April—May. (Plate XLII, Figure 1). Stony slopes, dry river bed gravels, in lower mountain zone up to 1,500 m; sporadic.—Centr. Asia: Min. Turkm., Pam.-Al., T. Sh., Dzu.-Tarb. Gen, distr.: Iran. (Afghanistan: Badhyz-Kuram; N. and E. Iran). Described from Kopet Dagh, Sulyuklyu near Ashkhabad. Type in Leningrad. 46. P.lacerum M. Pop. sp. nova in Addenda VI, p. 578. Annual, glaucescent, glabrous or with isolated bristles in lower part of stem and along midrib of leaves beneath; stems branching, upright, ca. 40cm 489 642 high; leaves nearly lacerated bipinnatisect; lobes of lower leaves oblong, irregularly dentate-incised, lobules short, obtuse; lobes of upper leaves linear, acute, remote and irregularly dissected into obtuse or acute, often crisp lobules, terminating in a bristle; peduncles long, erect, slender, with sparse appressed hairs. Corolla small (in specimens from Asia Minor pink-red, with large dark spot covering more than half the petal). Flower buds oblong, obtuse, 10—11 mm long, covered with slightly spreading, sparse, short, white hairs; capsules oblong-clavate, ca. 13—14mm long, abruptly tapering at base into a barely visible pedicel; disk flat or slightly convex, scarious, with short, broad, not overlapping marginal teeth. May-— June. Stony (?) places. — Caucasus: S.Transc. (Khudoferinskii Post on the Araks River, flowers, fruit 13 May 1870 Radde, No. 103; Southern Karabakh, in lapidosis inter Akartschai et Chierus, flowers, fruit 28 May 1892, S zovitz — there confused with P. dubium, with alien petals pasted on; stem with bristles. Western Karabakh, near Sultankent, northeast slopes, fruit VIII, Hohenacker, confused with P. macrostomum,; with petals of this species pasted on. Gen. distr.: Bal.-As. Min. (Asia Minor). Described from Asia Minor: Merzifon, Paphlagonia, Mamissadjian Pl. Or. No. 451. Type in Leningrad. Note. N.A. Bush refers all reported specimens to P. dubium and its var. laevigata Elk., but they are distinguished from P. laevigatum by nearly bipinnate leaves with irregularly lacerated lobes and lobules. This independent variety, confined to the southern part of Transcaucasia and Asia Minor, appears to be geographically isolated from the Ciscaucasian and southern Ukrainian P. laevigatum. These specimens, however, are unsatisfactory so that additional study of the species is necessary. 47. P.chelidoniifolium Boiss. et Buhse in Nouv. Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc. X11 (1860) 11: Boiss., Fl. Or: I,.114: Fedde in Pflzr. IV,-104 (1909) 310 (excl. var. tenuisectum Fedde et Bornm.).—Ic.: Boiss. et Buhse,, 1.) ¢:,oitab. DU; of. — Bs laewig adm, CAM Vieczeichnaarane Cauc. No. 1564, non M. B. Annual, glabrescent, with isolated spreading bristles on petioles, stems, and lower side of large veins and small, isolated appressed bristles on peduncles and buds; stems rather slender, angular, erect, 30—50 cm, branches declinate, with slender branches; leaves delicate, membranous, with long, slender, petioles blades lyrate-pinnatisect; lateral segments 1 or 2 (3) pairs, remote, oblong or ovate, entire or frequently lacerated, acutely-toothed, terminal segment much larger than the lateral, 1.5—4cm long, rounded-ovate or ovate, obscurely 3-lobed or dissected into 3 lobes, with large acute teeth; lowermost leaves often without lateral segments, uppermost leaves with dissected terminal segment, i.e., pinnatisect; sometimes all leaves with dissected terminal segment, i.e., not characteristically lyrately dissected; peduncles very slender, slightly flexuous, 20cm long. Flower buds ca.10mm long, glabrescent, ovate; petals ca. 1.5cm long, obovate, usually not overlapping, pale red, with nearly black basal spot; filaments black, filiform; stamen girdle rather broad; capsules glabrous, small, (5) 6-7 mm long, obovate or obconical, tapering into a very short pedicel; disk slightly convex, scarious with obtuse, slightly decumbent scarious teeth; rays 5—7, rather wide. April— May. (Plate XLI, Figure 4). 490 Shrubs and fields. — Caucasus: E. Transc. (Mugan), Tal. (Lenkoran). Gen. distr.: Iran. (N. Iran). Described from Gilan. Type in Geneva. 48. P.arenarium M.B., Fl. taur.-cauc. III (1819) 364; Ldb., Fl. Ross. Doo boise, ORL “Or. 1,* 1127 °NY Busch in’ Fl. cauc. erits IT, 4,-30:) Fedde in Piler: IV; 104; 320.—P)/dubium var. arenarium Elk., Tent. Mon. Papav. (1839) 26.—P. rhoeas var. arenarium Schmalh., Fl I (1895) 36.—Ic.: Garden (1919) 531 (poor). —Exs.: Herb. Fl. Cauc. No. 358. Annual; stem angular, low, usually branching or erect, simple, sparsely short-villous, often becoming red; plant 40—50cm tall, with mostly long, slender, erect peduncles usually longer than stem, leaves diffusely hispid, bi- or tripinnatisect into oblong-linear or linear obtuse lobes; peduncles 25cm long, slender with short appressed bristle. Young flower buds densely pubescent, ovate; mature buds oval, 12 mm long, with 2 small (ca. 1 mm long) erect horns and sparse, short, appressed apical bristles; corolla large, petals 4cm long, broad, bright red, with a rounded or oblong black basal spot; stamens numerous, filaments slender, black; anthers oval, bluish; capsules small, 10—15 mm long, glabrous, smooth, glaucescent, obconical-clavate, gradually tapering but not pedicelled; disk pyramidally ascending at first, later nearly flat, scarious, with broad-margined rays with obtuse overlapping teeth; rays 7—9. April— May. (Plate XLII, Figure 6). Stony and clayey slopes, semidesert, desert and steppe zone. — European part: L. V.; Caucasus: Cisc. (eastern part: Tersk, Stavropol), E., S. and (rarely) W. Transc., rarely Tal. Gen. distr.: N. Iran. Described from Terek. Type in Leningrad. Note. P.arenarium has arare form, with spreading-hairy peduncles (for example, Mil'skaya Steppe, sands of Shirin-Kum, 18 April 1907 Shelkovnikov). Contrary to Fedde's view (l.c.), P. arenarium does not occur in Central Asia. 643 49. P.bipinnatum C.A.M. in Verzeichn. Pfl. Cauc. (1831) 175; Ldb., Me eRoss: => oo. Jsorss., Bl! OrlPeLl13 NY Busch in PR ‘cauc.. crite i, 0; ‘s2) Pedde in Prizr.. IV, 104,.303.—Exs.: Herb: Fl. Cauc. No. 359: Annual; stem tall, with peduncles to 50cm high, branching from rootstock or reduced, inconspicuous, sparsely hispid, spreading; leaves diffusely crisply hispid, bipinnatisect; segments broad, petiolate or sessile, oblong or ovate, pinnately incised or dissected into oblong-lanceolate or linear lobes terminating in a bristle; fruiting pedicels elongated, slightly flexuous, sparsely covered with long, horizontal, rigid bristles. Flower buds ca.15mm long, oval, entirely without horns, with scarce rufous or white, rigid, recurved bristles; petals large, 6cm long, red, with large basal black spot; capsule glabrous, large, 15—20 mm long, obovate-clavate, gradually tapering into a pedicel, rigid-coriaceous, with prominent longitudinal nerves; disk flat, scarious, with 6—10 low rays, with short, blunt overlapping teeth; stamens few, filaments slender, black, anthers dark-blue. April— May. (Plate XLII, Figure 7). Clayey and stony steppe and semidesert slopes, rare. — Caucasus: E. and S. Transc., Tal. Gen. distr.: N. Iran. Described from Talysh (Zuvant). Type in Leningrad. . 49] 644 645 Section 8. MECONES Bernh. in Linnaea VIII (1833) 463; Fedde in Pflzr. IV, 104 (1909) 338 (ex p.). —Annual; large, glaucous, glabrescent plants; leaves large, amplexicaul, entire, dentate or lobate; filaments thickened above middle; capsules usually broad, pedicelled; disk flat, scarious, with low, not ascending rays. Chromosome number [n=] 11.—Two species, very closely allied to P. somniferum L. and P. setigerum DC. 1. Rays 8—12 (—20). Glabrous or with very sparse bristles. Leaves slightly lobate.. Diploid,, chromosomal number m= ts - soa eT SoM neMe ety Se sce amen orn rate? Beale Rete Cipenme STC cone ec 590. P.somniferum L. + Rays 7—8. More bristly, with bristles on pedicels, leaves, and sepals. Leaves deeply lobate, lobes terminating in a bristle, (tetraploid). Chromosomal number n= 22 (tetraploid) ......... fie Racy AS rey op SRR eure © aes ee Fat ene. ig Secon ¥51.. P. setigerum DC. 50. RP. somniferum Li: Spx pl: (1753) 508; Boiss., Pl, Ors. 1 ile- aie Busch) am Els caulcaheritz lik 14, ots “heddewin Pilar Ve) M04) S33 en lens Rehb: lew Bs Germs sii stabs 2eVdil 446 le Annual, glaucous, 1—1.2m tall, few-branched; hairs either absent or few, on pedicels and veins of leaves; lower leaves short-petioled, gradually broadening into blade; upper leaves sessile, amplexicaul; blade oblong, quite glaucous, uneven, 10—30cm long, strongly serrate-dentate or margin incised- lobate, sharp-toothed; pedicels dong, thick, glabrous or with spreading bristles. Flower buds 1.5—3 cm long, glabrous, coriaceous, ovate-oval, obtuse; petals 10cm long, variously colored, usually violet or white, often red or white; spot violet or yellow or white; filaments dark or light, clavately-thickened beyond middle, anthers linear-oblong; capsule large, 2—7 cm long, spherical or barrel-shaped, abruptly tapering into a distinct, more or less long pedicel; disk flat, scarious, distinctly and deeply dentate; rays (5—) 8-12 (—20). May — August. Weedy places, grows wild. — Throughout the USSR, up to 60°N. Note. P. somniferum is not known in the wild state. Its cultivation dates back to prehistoric times and, in all probability, began by Darwin's "unconscious selection'' of wild-growing P. setigerum DC., in the Mediterranean countries. Since then there have been bred numerous varieties of cultivated poppy with black, violet, gray, or white seeds, with capsules of various forms, with simple and double flowers, with more or less incised or even laciniate petals, and with red, pink, violet, and white flowers. Economic importance. P. somniferum is edible; its seeds, which contain 40—56 % fatty oil, (Wehmer) are used in baking; it is a fodder plant since its oilcake, prepared asmash, makes excellent forage for young cows; it is also an ornamental plant. Lastly, and most important, itis a medicinal plant: ‘''Fructus Papaveris immaturi.'' The unripe dried poppy fruits (seeds removed) contain morphine, narcotine, papaverine, traces cf meconic acid, etc.; the seeds, particularly of the white varieties, contain no morphine. The most important product of the poppy is opium, which accounts for its extensive cultivation in Kirgizia (Karakol District. Opium is the dried juice obtained from annular or spiral incisions into the base of the unripe capsules. In China and elsewhere raw opium is smoked or chewed for its narcotic effect; in European medicine the following alkaloids, which it contains up to 20—25%, are extracted: morphine, apomorphine, 492 646 codeine, papaverine, laudanine, narcotine, rhoeadine, and others — a total of 18. All these drugs are analgesic, sedative, antispasmodic, and soporific. Opium and the alkaloids extracted from it are also used in the treatment of stomach ailments. See N. A. Bazilevskaya in Trudy Prikl. Botan., XIX, 2 (1928) 95 for the varieties and forms of the opium poppy. *51. P.setigerum DC., In DC. et Lam., Fl. Franc. VI (suppl.) (1815) 585; Fedde in Pflzr. IV, 104 (1909) 342.—P. somniferum var. setigerum Elk. Tent. Mon. Papav. (1839) 30; Boiss., Fl. Or. I, 116; N. Buschin Miereauc. erit. Tt) 4, °372 IN. Bush; FE Sib: i Dal'n’*Vost., 28l—Ic.: Betess. “lc; pl. sel. “il, tab. 7 Bonnier; Fl. -HIy France Il, tab.- 24. Annual, very similar to preceding but smaller, 30—60cm high, more slender; stem more or less bristly; leaves less amplexicaul, more deeply and acutely lobate, lobes serrate-dentate, terminating in a bristle, bristly along veins; pedicels long, covered with spreading bristles. Flower buds 1.5—2 cm long, ovate-oval, bristly at summit; petals larger, violet; capsules asin P. somniferum but slightly smaller, with a 5—8-rayed disk. Not encountered in the USSR, but reported by N. A. Bush for the Crimea and the Caucasus, where perhaps, it may be found. Gen. distr.: Med. Described from Iles d'Hyéres (near Toulon). Type in Geneva. Doubtful species of unknown affinity. 52. P.talyschense Grossh. in Monit. Jard. Bot. Tiflis, livr. II-III (1919) 44.—Ic.: tab. VI, f. 9—12 (leaf and capsule). Perennial; stems numerous, 40—50cm high, branching at base. Entire plant with spreading hairs; leaves oblong-oval, 10—15cm long, 3—5cm broad, irregularly deeply dissected, lower and cauline leaves subsessile or with very short petiole, hispid, bristles at ends of segment longer and more rigid; flowers solitary on long, stout pedicels, 15—25cm; filaments slender, subulate; capsule oboblong-ovate, tapering below (subpyriform), 12—15 mm long, 7-9 mm broad; disk convex, the tips of the 6 or 7 stigma rays semi- rounded, longer than disk. Caucasus: Tal. Endemic. Described from Kyzyurda, at 2,400 m, near Post No.1, in herbaceous slopes, 24 July 1917, Grossheim. Type in Tbilisi. Note. This poppy is referred to section Pilosa Prantl, in particular to the series of East Mediterranean species which comprises P. lateri- tium C. Koch, P. monanthum Trautv., P. oreophilum Rupr., and P. ramosissimum Fedde; from the latter it is readily distinguished by its larger growth and non-spreading, branching stem. From all the other species itis distinguished first and foremost by the oblong-oval shape of leaves, the nonlanceolate or linear-lanceolate short petioles, or absence of petioles. In addition, it is to some extent distinguished from P. lateri- tium by: 1) longer and thicker pedicels, and 2) by the form of the capsule and the 5 or 6-rayed stigma of P. lateritium, with short lobes. From P. oreophilum it is distinguished by: 1) not caespitose stem base, and 2) by the form of the capsule and stigma, which has the same shape in P. oreophilum asin P. lateritium. Lastly, from P. monanthum — to which it is similar in the shape of the capsule — it is distinguished by: 1) branching and leafy stems; (in P. monanthum the stems are solitary and all leaves are radical), and 2) by shorter pedicels. I have never seen 493 647 specimens of this very enigmatic species, which should perhaps be included not in section Pilosa but in the section of annuals; it proves toagree with JE oytitoy sgavial eins U. tal (Ce aN NIE: Subfamily 3. FUMARIOIDEAE A. Br. in Aschers., Fl. Prov. Brandenburg 1(1864) 48 excl. Hy pecoideae; Prantl. KindiginEngl., Naturl. Pflanzenf. Ill, 2 (1891) 197.—Sepals small, triangular or oblong, squamiform, sometimes inconspicuous or obsolete, not enclosing the remaining parts of the flower up to the time of flowering; petals 4, in two whorls, outer petals either equal (symmetrical) with a proximal spur or a saccate extension, or flowers zygomorphic and only the upper petals with a distinct spur; inner petals usually adhering apically, prominently keeled dorsally; stamens 2, opposite outer petals, distally tripartite, bearing 3 anthers of which usually only the middle bilocular; stigma flattened, always lobate, very variable; fruit a short, siliquiform capsule dehiscing by 2 valves and leaving behind aseptate placentas, rarely a 1-seeded nutlet; seeds usually black, glossy, often with an appendage. Glabrous herbs, with ternate or pinnate leaves, without milky juice. Tribe 1. DICENTREAE Bernh. in Linnaea VIII (1833) 467.—Inflorescence dichasial, cymose; flowers symmetrical; both outer petals with spurlike or saccate nectaries. Fruit a capsule. Genus 557. ADLUMIA* RAF. Raf. Med. Rep. II, 5 (1808) 352 et in Desv. Journ. Bot. 2 (1809) 169 Sepals finely scarious, triangular-oblong, caducous in bud; outer and inner petals fused to two thirds to three quarters of their length into a slightly cordate basal tube, as in Nymphaea, due to the small saccate extensions, which are spongy in fruit; the free part of the petals becomes pink-violet, triangular-ovate, acute in outer petals, cochleariform, with an orbicular flat apex in inner petals, the free part of the filaments long, filaments subconnate; stigma bi-lobed, with obtriangular lobes; fruit a capsule; seeds black, glossy, not punctate, suborbicular, without appendages. — Climbing herbaceous plants. 1. A.asiatica Ohwi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XLV (1931) 387.—A. cirrhosa Kom. in Fl. Manchzh. II, 343, non Raf. Perennial, liana; stem slender, flexuous, to 3m high, winding among shrubs by means of tendril-like petioles; leaves with short petioles, thrice ternate; the middle segment on long slender petiolule functioning as a tendril; lateral segments on short petiolules divided into 2—3 lobules; lobules delicate, flat, obliquely ovate or oblong, obtuse; inflorescence * After John Adlum, a Washington gardener. 494 648 pseudoracemose, cymose in leaf axils, much shorter than leaves, 3—10- flowered, with small scarious bracts and bracteoles; flowers large, ca.17mm long, drooping; lower connate part of corolla spongy, white, with 4 narrow wings, almost tetragonous in cross section; corolla opens at base and remains attached to ripe capsule; capsule linear, 17 mm long, 3mm broad, flat, with slender valves and placentas; seeds ca.1.5mm across. (Plate XLV, Fig. 6, a-d). Far East: Ze.-Bu., Bureya River basin, southwest of the village of Bakharevaya (Dokturovskii), Selemdzha River basin, Bysa River, coniferous forest edge (Kuznev). Gen. distr.: Jap.-Ch. (Korea, Manchuria). Described from North Korea. Type in Tokyo. Genus 558. DICENTRA* BERNH. Bernh. in Linnaea VIII (1833) 468.—Bicuccula Adans. Fam. d. Plant. II (1763) App. 23.—Diclytra Borckh, in Roem. Arch. I, 2 (1797) 46.-Diclytra DC., Syst. II (1821) 107. Sepals triangular-ovate, retained at flowering; petals free, not connate, each outer petal with a spur or (in the USSR) with a basal saccate extension; inner petals keeled; fruit a capsule. — Perennial herbs, with variously shaped rootstock. 1. D. peregrina (Rudolphi) Fedde, Repert. sp. nov. IX (1911) 238; Bush. in Fle Sib. i Dal'n. Vost. 1,28.—Fumaria peregrina Rudolphi in Mém. Ac. Sc. Pétersb. 1 (1809) 379.—F. tenuifolia Ldb. in Mém. Acad. Pétersb. V (1812) 550.—Diclytra tenuifolia DC. et D. lachen: aliaeflora DC., Syst. II (1821) 110 et 111.—Dicentra tenuifolia et lachenaliaeflora Ldb., Fl. Ross. I (1842) 97.—Ic.: Rudolphi, livers tans lies Bushes Tee: «29. Perennial; rootstock short, cespitose, producing numerous strong, slender roots; leaves all radical, glaucous, with long slender petioles, thrice ternately or pinnately dissected; blade short, small, ovate, segments with short petioles, lobes sessile, approximate, lobules crowded, linear or linear-oblong, rigid, often canaliculate, acute, furcately bipartite; flower stalks slender, nearly twice as long as leaves; inflorescence cymose, small, 2—5-flowered, short, pseudoracemose, with small scarious bracts and bracteoles. Flowers ca. 20mm long; sepals broadly ovate, scarious, ca.3mm long; corolla violet-pink; outer petals strongly expanded proximally and thus corolla with base as in Nymphaea with short, broad, almost rounded projections, ribbon-like distally, barely expanding at apex, arcuately curved laterally; inner petals with ribbon-like blade, somewhat broadened at apex, dark violet, with a high inflated dorsal wing, blade three times as long as claw; stigma bilobed, with revolute hatchet-shaped lobes; capsule oblong, thinly scarious, ca. 15mm long, long-acuminate, with a long, persistent style; seeds glossy, black, not punctuate, oblong, reniform, pointed with a small sessile aril in a concavity ca.1.5mm long. June—July. (Plate XLV, Fig. 7, a, b). Stony and sandy outcrops.—Arctic; Chuk., An.; Far East: Kamch., Okh., Uda, Uss., Sikhote-Alin balds. Endemic. (very close to D. pusilla * The name refers to the 2 spurs or 2 saccate projections of the petals. 495 649 S. et Z. in Japan). Described from the Selenga River. Type in Leningrad. Tribe 2. CORYDALEAE BRchb., Handb. d. nattirl. Pfl. syst. (1837) 264. — Monocentreae Bernh. in Linnaea VIII (1838) 468 p. p.—Flowers zygomorphic, with one spur formed by the upper outer petal; fruit a capsule; flowers in racemes not in dichasial (cymose) inflorescences. Genus 559. CORYDALIS * MEDIC. Medic. Philosoph. Botanik (1789) 96 emend. DC. Syst. II (1821) 113, nec Vent. Choix. p. et tab. 19 (1803).—Capnoides ** Adans. Fam. pl. (1763) 431. Flowers in simple or branching racemes; corolla zygomorphic, with one spur produced by the outer superior petal, yellow or pink or bluish violet. Sepals often small, scarious, soon caducous; fruit a capsule dehiscing by 2 usually slender, flexible valves; rarely capsule bladdery-inflated, indehiscent; seeds usually black, with a scarious appendage (caruncle), very rarely without appendage; herbs, without trailing stem; root often tuberious. Economic importance. Some species of Corydalis, suchas C. sever- zOvii, the allied C. nobilis and some others, are suitable as ornamental plants. Key to Sections 1. Rootstock tuberous. Cotyledon single p.497 (subgenus Cap - matets: Cy i ee ok gly (EEN air eae 2: + Rootstock not tuberous, elongated, branching. Cotyledons 2, p.681 (Subgenus 'C aip nioa.d es DC) 5 lc earn em: fe neal ieee 6. 2B Stems without squamiform scarious leaves in lower part, covered with radical hairs for some distance from tuber. ‘Tuber more or less large, perennial, becoming more or less hollow with age, producing adventitious roots over entire surface. Cauline leaves 2, eG [ye soe ay at rt ec ee Nae oe pct get ae aio ee oe rr Se + Stem bearing 1—3 squamiform, scarious leaves in lower part..... 4, Be Cauline leaves 2, opposite, only in one of the 10 species of the section there is, besides the cauline leaves, an additional reduced leaf borne above the cauline leaves, and reduced (p. 498) ....1. Leonticoides DC. we Cautinesleavics: 2. alternate (ps S08) seu. Wala ce 2. Radix cava Irm. 4. Squamiform leaf in lower part of stem always single large, recurved; cauline leaves 2, tuber spherical, small, replaced each year by a new tuber developing inside the old one. Adventitious roots are produced only from lower pole of tuber (p.506)....... 3. Pes-gallinaceus Irm. * From the Greek koris — helmet, referring to the shape of the flower. ** The International Botanical Congress has retained Corydalis as nomen conservandum, instead of Capnoides, a nomen rejiciendum 496 650 + OD 10. Squamiform leaves in lower part of stem 1—3, not recurved, appressed to stem and smaller. Leaves usually more than 2, most often 3 or 4. Tuber of irregular form, not spherical, conical or cylindrical, with horn-chaped*appendages branching. 5) ~ «dew «|e ieyn got oke, 6 is} oe ew are D. Tuber small, with horn-shaped appendages and creeping rhizome. Adventitious roots are produced over the entire surface of the tuber. Leaves 3 or 4, with long lobes. Bracts incised (p.520).......... NS MN ieee BS niece nd bakes sles ew ... 24) 2 ae =a 2 ye Corolla 16—25 mm long, usually of different shades and intensities of pink (series Rutifoliae M. Pope). et ee a ae Wee OM + Corolla 30—45 mm long, yellow, rarely pink, with very eens erect spur: (Series) onigitlor' ale MiPop. jae {ure a aN see tev tae ee ti 3 Leaves thrice ternate, lobules obovate, short, blunt, 2—3-lobed, the overlapping lateral lobes markedly smaller than the median lobe. . LP, ARS, LAL AS I SEO OR EARS, ONE ae OE a 4. + Leaves once or thrice ternate, with entire or lobate segments or lobes, median lobe! large, Jateralilobessmaller: 77908. 12s SOO eae Bie 4. Limbs of outer petals large, somewhat longer (by 4—5 mm) than those of inner petals. Darvaz. Baldzhuan .... 2. C.darwasica Rgl. ct Limbs of outer petals slightly longer than those of the inner. ~ Armenia Nakhkraiy 2s" e2he as Pee oe: 3. C. persica Cham.et Schlecht. 5). Lobes of twice ternate leaves elliptical, acute. Armenia. Nakhkrai SERRE DUET SEIN SOG SP EVO SEY Steg Sas ae, ec ee ee 5. C.erdelii Zucc. + Lobes of once or twice ternate leaves obtuse, oval or obovate. Central Asia?l<~.".) 2 SY SE Ra" ES PSS One sa 6. 6. Raceme barely overtopping leaves. Pedicels, at least the lower, longer than the bracts. Spur suberect, slender. Flowers small, Ve—2 05m lens. Leaves! ternate> Kopel Daphnia site 2 osname ae POT REEL: Bie Ct AR Speck eed beable ch at eat a 4. C.chionophila E. Czerniak. 4p Raceme strongly overtopping the leaves, narrow, with very short pedicel. Corolla larger, 18—25mm long. Spur erect, upcurved, slender or saccately extended. Leaves once, more often twice ternate. Pamir—Atai area, men Shan, Warbagae iii se sc a ean nee nee a ifsc belie? oP ate ag Au MER gl ar Aa, Maree ae 6. C. ledebouriana Kar. et Kir. 7. Corolla pink. Inner petals with broad apical notch and 2 acute marginal teeth. Raceme markedly overtopping leaves. Leaves twice ternate BR EWR RR ES ABE MD Be AR Re On ant eT RE ee ee 7. C. popovii Nevski. + Corolla yellow, grayish at end of flowering (nearly violet when dry). Inner petals with small, apical notch, obtusely-toothed. Raceme barelyroviertoOppine Weaver. late sce slit c sian fy w sl cyi ej ualbs 6 Uva ok ae ee 8. 498 653 8. Leaves twice ternate, lateral lobes of each segment and especially lateral lobules of each lobe markedly smaller than the median. Pedicels shorter, not longer than 15—20mm .... 8. C. severzovii Rgl. + Leaves once ternate, lateral segments always entire, median segment of 3 lobes. Segments and lobes oval. Pedicels longer, the lower Tigh eS aCe RIAR AION TCE. Lc) Te LM TW by 9. C.aitchisonii M. Pop. £ Generally similar to preceding species, but segments entire, eopetilcaer elt | ABIO TT BSR a yeep. ete BU hae LO 10. C. nevskii M. Pop. 1. C.macrocentra Rgl. in A.H.P. VIII (1884) 694; Prain in Bull. Herb. Boiss., ser..1, VII (1899) 179.—Ice:: Rel., 1. ¢.,:‘tab: 16, f.a-f Prain, ie. tis., 10. Perennial; tuber large, irregularly angular in form, the young tuber often seems to be short-conical; leaves sessile or subsessile, thrice ternate; segments long petioled, the lobes —especially the median—also long-petioled, lobules — except for the median— subsessile, broad, deeply incised into oblong, nonoverlapping, acute lobes; median lobes and lobules slightly larger than the lateral; the elongated petioles of median lobes and lobules make the leaves appear pinnate; on a pedicel overtopping the pair of opposite leaves there is a reduced leaf, similar to the lower leaves; racemes (stems) 1—3, from one pair of leaves. Racemes slightly overtopping the leaves, not dense, each with 3—10 flowers; bracts broadly cuneate, pectinate- incised, with slender unequal lobules; pedicels slender, long, longer than bracts, the lower up to 20mm long; sepals 1—1.5mm broad, dentate, greenish; corolla long, ca. 30 mm pinkish, abruptly curved, lips of outer petals rather broad, large, obtuse, noticeably longer than inner petals, gibbosity in lower part of lower outer petal conspicuous, obtuse; spur twice as long as the petal, slender, arcuately ascending, its tip slender, erect or eo recurved; capsules pendulous or declinate, short, narrow, acute. Grows at 900—1, 500m.—Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. (western Pam. -Al., Kulyab, Boldzhuan). Endemic. Described from Boldzhuan. Type in Leningrad. 2. C.darwasica Rgl. ex Prain in Journ. Asiatic Society of Bengal. LXV, II (1896) 20; Bull. Herb., Boiss., ser. I, VII (1899) 166; Korsh. in Bull. Acad. Pétersb., sér. 5, IX, 405.—Ic.: Prain, l.c., fig. 1. Perennial; tuber large, often short conical or very irregular in outline, angular, adventitious roots confined to lower part; leaves green, sessile or subsessile, thrice ternate, median segments, lobes and lobules conspicuously larger than the lateral; segments and lobes rather long-petioled; lobules, especially the median, with short but conspicious petioles, ovate or obovate, broad, incised into 3—2 overlapping lobes or teeth, the lateral smaller and more acute than the large median lobe, with a subtruncate or short- acuminate or obtuse, pointed tip. Raceme one, rarely 2—3 from one rosette; exceptionally pedicel with one leaf similar to the lower leaves but smaller. Raceme loose, barely overtopping leaves; bracts nearly from base of peduncle, entire, large, rhombic, obovate or ovate, acute or obtuse; pedicels slender, spreading, nearly as long as bracts, the lower up to 15 mm long; 499 654 655 sepals minute (ca. 1mm), dentate, elongate, to 2mm or inconspicuous; corolla 18—20mm long, distinctly recurved, pink, with a dark spot on lower lip and at tip of inner petals; limbs of outer petals very broad, strong, denticulate, the upper notched at apex, obovate, the lower obtuse, both markedly (by almost 5mm) longer than inner petals; gibbosity in lower part of lower outer petal conspicuous; spur of upper petal slightly or strongly arcuately ascending, slender, or hamately curved, obtuse, as long as outer petal; capsules pendulous and spreading small, acute. At heights of 1,000—2,000m.—Centr. Asia: Pam. -Al. (western Pamir- Alai area, Boldzhuan, Darvaz), western T. Sh. (Chimgan, Ugam). Endemic. Described from Darvaz. Type in Leningrad. 3. C.persica Cham. et Schlecht. in Linnaea I (1826) 567; Boiss., Fl. Or. 1, 127 (p.p.); Prain in-Bull. Herb., Boiss., Vil (1899) 147.—G aa mae folia. N: Busch in El. caucy crit. Wl, 4,.620(p.p:), mon sibth, cissnat Perennial; leaves glaucescent, sessile or subsessile, thrice ternate; segments rather.long-petioled, the median larger; lobes with distinct conspicuous petioles, petioles of the lateral 2—8 mm long, and of the median lobe to 20mm long; lobules sessile or subsessile, broad, obovate, obtuse, incised into 3—2 overlapping, rarely remote lobes, the median much larger than the lateral; median segment of leaf and median lobe of each segment also much larger than the lateral; raceme barely overtopping leaves, 4—10- flowered, dense at first, becoming remote; bracts entire, ovate or oblong, acute; pedicels shorter than bracts, the lower to 15 mm long; sepals small, 1mm broad, scarious, denticulate. Corolla 20—25 mm long, slightly recurved, suberect or curved, pink; lips of outer petals small, obtuse; with conspicuous basal tubercle on lower petal; spur slender, 1.5 times as long as the petal, at first slightly arcuate (at back of upper petal), becoming suberect, dropping slightly so that flower rather sigmoid, rarely arcuate; capsules pendulous, small, pointed. (Plate XLIII, Figure 3). Alpine zone. —Caucasus: S. Trans. (Nakhichevan ASSR). Gen. distr.: Iran. (Astrabad Province of Northern Iran). Described from Northern Iran. Type in Berlin. Note. This species agrees fully with Gmelin's specimen, preserved in the Herbarium of the Botanical Institute of the Academy of Sciences, Leningrad, which —unknownto Prain— is apparently the cotype (the type is at the Berlin Botanical Garden). Itislabelled "Orchis tripetala' andisinanexcellent state of preservation, whereas the leaves of the Prain specimenare damaged. Its flower is suberect and not arcuate, as described and sketched by Prain. Prain's mistake is obviously due to his not having seen the Berlin specimen; or, perhaps, he saw only one flower, sent to him by Professor Urban, and this may have been abnormal, mutilated, or picked from another specimen. 4. C.chionophila E. Czerniak in Bull. Jard. botan. princip., Leningrad, XXIX (1930) 138.—Ic.: E. Czerniak,l.c., tab. 2. Perennial, plant small; tuber of medium size, ca.25 mm in diameter, slightly flattened; leaves glaucous, subsessile, once ternate, segments rather short-petioled (3—15 mm long), lateral segments entire, ovate-oblong or obovate, obtuse or acute, 8—20mm long; median segment ternate, of 3 ovate- oblong, sessile, short-petioled, entire lobes; in the smaller specimens, all segments entire. Raceme 3—8-flowered, short, barely overtopping leaves; pedicels slender, rather long, the lower to 15mm long, shorter than 500 the oblong, large, acute bracts; sepals small, less than 1mm long; corolla 10—20 mm long, slender, white or pink, with raspberry-colored spot at apex of petal, limb small, obtuse, with sharp mucro; lower outer petals with inconspicuous basal gibbosity; basal spur slightly arcuately ascending, slender, more or less curved distally or else erect, rarely corolla strongly arcuate; capsules pendulous, small, elliptic, acute. April-May. Stony and clayey slopes in the subalpine mountain zone. — Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. (central and western Kopet Dagh). Endemic. Described from Mount Chapan. Type in Leningrad. 5. C.erdelii Zucc. in Abh. Bayr. Acad., Munchen III (1840) 252. — Peeutaetolta Boss,, Fl. Or. I,-127 (ex p.);. N., Busch in Fl. cauc..crit. III, 4, 62 (ex p.). —C. alpina C. Koch in Linnaea XV (1841) 252, non J. Gay.—C. modesta Prain in Bull. Herb. Boiss., VII (1899) 168. —Ic.: Per es os. Oo, IO A. a. Prrain, 1, 6.5 1. 4, Perennial; tuber ca.20mm in diameter, angled-spherical; leaves sessile or subsessile, twice ternate, glaucous; segments short-petioled (6—15 mm); lobes sessile or very short-petioled, entire, lanceolate or oblong, acute, 3cm long, rarely secondarily incised, with 1—2 small, lateral, lanceolate, acute lobules or teeth; rarely(insmaller specimens) lateral segments only incised, with 1—2 small, lanceolate, lateral lobes, not dissected to base; raceme slightly overtopping the leaves; bracts rather large, oblong or ovate, acute; pedicels long, to 20mm, the lower ones slightly longer than the bracts, thus the raceme rather loose, broad, 5—10-flowered; sepals very minute, edentate, sometimes inconspicuous scales; corolla rather large, light- or dark-violet-pink, 20—25 mm long, suberect or slightly arcuate; limbs of outer petals acute, small, slightly longer than the inner petals, distinctly darker than the rest of the corolla; lower petals somewhat protruding at middle; spur obtuse, 1.5 times longer than petals, slightly arcuate, slender, stout or stoutish, upright, with recurved apex; capsule short, acute, pendulous or inclined. (Plate XLIII, Figure 4). Caucasus: S. Transc. (Yerevan, Nakhichevan, Mount Il'va near Leningrad). Gen. distr.: Arm. -Kurd., Bal.-As. Min., E. Med. (Syria). Described from Mt. Lebanon. 6. C.ledebouriana Kar. et Kir. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XIV (1841) 377; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 745; Prain in Bull. Herb. Boiss., VII (1899) 176). — Ic.: Gartenflora XXVIII, tab. 981; Bot. Mag. CXIII, tab. 6946. Perennial; tuber large, to 5—6 cm across, flattened, turnip-shaped; leaves glaucous, sessile or subsessile, once or twice, rarely 3 times ternate; segments rather short-petioled, lobes — with the exception of the median — very short-petioled or sessile; lateral segments large, to 2—3 mm long, often simple, entire, oval, obovate or oblong, obtuse; median segment of 3 large lobes, the median larger (sometimes markedly so) than the lateral; lobes entire or proximally with 1—2 very small acute lobules; in the larger specimens all segments ternate-divided; raceme much overtopping the leaves, narrow, often with remote flowers; bracts entire, oblong or ovate, actute; pedicels short, half the length of the bracts; sepals very small, less than 1mm long, scarious. Corolla pink or violet-pink, very variable in size and form, sometimes narrow, erect, with erect slender or stoutish spur, sometimes arcuate with abruptly ascending, slender or stout spur, sometimes, 356 501 very stout-saccate; limb of outer petals dark, violet-brown, small, as long as inner petals; lower outer petal with a more or less conspicuous basal tubercle; spur almost 1.5 times longer than petal; the entire corolla 16—25mm long, capsules short, broad, oval, ca.10mm long, erect or slightly declinate; seeds black, glossy, not punctate, ca.1.5mm across, caruncle scarious, mushroom-shaped, spreading, not adhering to seeds. April—June Clayey and stony slopes of the central zone in patches of melting snow. — Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb., T. Sh., Pam.-Al. Gen. distr.: Iran. (Afghanistan, Hindu Kush), Dzu.-Kash. Described from Tarbagatai. Type in Leningrad. Note. The outstanding characteristic distinguishing the real C. lede- bouriana from C. chinophila and C. rutifolia is the long peduncle, which bears bracts and flowers above the tip of the leaves; however, there are specimens (for example, Alai Range, descending at the south from the Kosh-Karchi Pass. Desyatova No. 1087), which, except for the short pedicels, are indistinguishable from C.chionophila. The form with an arcuately ascending stout spur appears to be closely allied to C. cyrto- centra Prain, described from Chitral and Gilgit. 7. C.popovii Nevski in Schedae, ad. Herb. Fl. As. Med. Fasc. XXI— XXIII (1934) 87. Exs.: H.F.A.M. No. 570. Perennial, glaucous; leaves almost 3 times ternate, sessile, with obovate, sometimes suborbicular, obtuse, median lobules, the lateral lobules half as long, acute; raceme loose, 2—6 flowered,considerably overtopping the leaves; peduncles to 10cm; pedicels longer than bracts, 25mm long, fruiting pedicels recurved; bracts obovate, obtuse or ovate, slightly acuminate, 15mm long; sepals inconspicuous, truncate. Corolla large, 40—45mm long, violet-pink, with dark violet, slightly acuminate lips; lower petal with proximal gibbosity lip recurved; spur twice as long as petals, rather stout, suberect, tapering with slightly reflexed tip; inner petals with very apical broad notch, limited on each side by an acute tooth; capsule flattened, broadly ovate, 10O-—13mm long, 5—6mm broad, short acuminate; style long, slender. May— June. (Plate XLIII, Figure 1). Clayey slopes, middle and upper mountain zones.— Centr. Asia; Pam.-Al. (southwestern spurs of the Gissar Range: Ak-Rabat, Buzgalakhan near Derbent, Kugitang, Chulbair, Tutkaul, Guli-Zindan). Described from Chulbair mountains. Type in Leningrad. Note. Racemes longer and looser than in C.severzovii resembling those or CC. ledebouritana. -the corolla as im ©. sie Gi 7 on itaveeen respect to both size and form, but pink with a dark violet, subacute lip; inner petals broadly notched. 65 ~] 8. C.severzovii Rgl. in Bull. Nat. Mosc. XLIII, 1 (1870) 252.—Ic.: Gartenflora XXXI, 97,tab. 1077; Bot. Mag. CXII, tab. 6896. Annual; tuber medium-sized, 15—-30mm in diameter or larger, angular- rounded; leaves glaucous, membranous, subsessile or sessile, twice ternate; segments with long slender petioles, lobes rather large, short-petioled, subsessile rarely entire, obovate or oblong, obtuse, often 2—3-lobed, median lobes larger than the lateral, sometimes pinnately 5-lobed; raceme with peduncle 5—15 cm slightly overtopping leaves, short, 2—6-flowered; bracts large, obovate, acute, longer than pedicels; pedicels slender, the lower 15mm long, fruiting pedicel recurved; sepals small, less than 1mm long, scarious, 502 58 dentate; corolla 35—45 mm long, yellow or orange-yellow, sometimes brownish red in blossom, slightly sigmoidal; outer petals with narrow limb, slightly notched, barely longer thanthe inner; lower petals with slight basaltubercle; spur 1.5—2 times as long as the petals, rather slender, suberect,distally recurved, sometimes hamate,obtuse,inner petals rounded, with small inconspicuous notch; capsules oblong,10—15 mm long,ca.4mm broad,acute, pendulous, with very long slender style; seeds large,ca.3 mm indiameter,glossy, conspicuously punctate; aril (caruncle) appressed to body of seed, hat-shaped, scarious. March—April. Clayey slopes, mountains and mountain foothills, lower zone (semideserts). - Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (western), Pam. -Al. (western part of Turkestan Range, Nura-Tau mountain south of Guzar). Endemic. Described from Kara-Tau Mountain. Type in Leningrad. 9. C.aitchisonii M. Pop. sp. nova in Addenda VI, p.579.—C. severzovii B simplicifolia Lipsky ex Fedde, Repert. XIX (1923)224.— C. sewer - zowii Prain in Bull. Herb. Boiss., VII (1899) 169, fig.5, non Rgl. Perennial; leaves less dissected, usually ternate, the segments on long, slender petioles; lateral segments entire, the median repeatedly ternate with entire lobes on conspicuous petioles, segments and lobes large, 2—4 cm long, oblong or oval, obtuse; racemeas in C. severzovii, few-flowered, slightly overtopping leaves; bracts very large, similar to leaf lobes, sometimes acute; pedicels very long, the lower longer than the bracts, to 40cm long, erect, spreading or pendulous; flowers orange-yellow, becoming reddish brown after flowering, shaped as in C. severzovii; capsule short, 10—15 mm long, ellipsoid, acute, 3-4mm broad. April— May. Clayey and stony slopes, lower mountain zone.—Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. (Kopet Dagh, Badkhyz). Described from Badkhyz.— Type in Leningrad. Note. The plants from Kopet Dagh and Badkhyz are very much alike, differing only in that the leaf lobes of the Badkhyz plant are more rigid and fleshy than the delicate and scarious leaf lobes of the Kopet Dagh plant; this difference corresponds with the occurrence of this species in the mountain passes of Kopet Dagh, which are shady and damp in the spring. 10. C.nevskii M. Pop. sp. nova in Addenda VI, p.579. Perennial, very similar to preceding species, but all leaf segments entire, slightly smaller and rounded. No other distinguishing features. April. (Plate XLIII, Figure 2). Stony slopes, under rocks. —Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. Endemic. Described from Alai Range. Type in Leningrad. Section 2. RADIX CAVA Irmischin Abhand. naturf. Ges. Halle VI (1869) 273. —Cavotuber Rupr., Fl.. Cauc. (1869) 54. —Cauline leaves 2, alternate, tuber small or medium-sized, irregularly spherical, perennial, lying deep in the ground, becoming hollow with time owing to partial disintegration of tissues; stem base with root hairs [sic!], without squamiform leaves; adventitious roots produced on various parts of tuber, which, like the stems, also produces radical leaves each year; bracts entire. 503 659 660 1. Outer petals with narrow, sharp tipped limb. Lobules narrow, elongated. Tuber small. Capsule narrow, linear............. ajylkcaly jordin ck Reick hare OM ince S 6 Baar a | ina a eel er Ma 13. C.nudicaulis Rel. + Outer petals with large limb, apically notched. Lobules broad, large. Tuber often medium-sized. Capsule oblong... (a5 -) ee =p 2. 2. Corolla pink-violet. Lobules cuneate, distally dentate. Capsule 10—12:mm Jong, 4—Symimy broad. 42 vies ue) oi ley mayest . gtd eda. as 26. C. bracteata (Steph. ) Pers. + Corolla limb small,narrow. Bracts deeply dissected distally. Lobules of leaves narrow. Small plant of the Caucasus ........ 10. 10. Capsule short, broad. Raceme compact. Leaf lobules short..... Pts tid id Teizita: Whi. Sw eee LE 3 25. C, alexeenkoana N. Busch + Capsule narrow, elongated, to 25mm, 2-—3 mm broad. Raceme loose. ieavopules iatid bracts wery narrow, .)% . ei 2*.asekteancie 2 BL. ea aeh serie BORE ELMS ho Te 24. C. angustifolia (M.B.) DC. 11. Capsules short, oblong. Plains in the European part and W. Siberia ene: ea? ed! akties vais cidbatws th |. 22. C.halleri Willd. £ Seaamee iineary clongatenl ctois 4 Qepaiicte Wohl elie ees. BoP sek ote 12. 12. Leaves 3, almost 4 times ternate, dissected into short linear lobules. Segments first and second order long-petioled. Lobules of bracts Wen Ranrows) ssirh Rerhrikomy est ois) came wal ope tal ie Baad PROS PRINS iti Ow: CANES’ 20. C.fumariifolia Maxim. var.incisa M. Pop. + Leaves twice, nearly 3 times ternate; segments of second order Beoere IOS ISD SESSILS iyi 73 FIM RS abel oral. ober l. eee aw Ed was 13. 13. Outer petals notched at apex, notch without mucro. Stem usually strongly branching. S. Ukraine, Crimea..... 23. C.paczoskii Busch. + Outer petals notched at apex, notch with sharp mucro. Stem usually gutniee) Amur River basineiy 6 ake: fs unr. ws kb ee 21. C. remota Fisch. 14. C.schangini (Pall) B. Fedtsch. in A.H.P. XXIII, 2 (1904) 372; N. Bush, FI. Sib. i Dal'n. Vost. I, 56; Kryl., Fl: Zap. Sib. VI, 1244. — Fumaria schangini Pall. in Act. Petrop. VI (1779) 267.—F. longi- flora Willd. Sp. pl. III, 2 (1800) 860.—Corydalis longiflora Pers., Syn. Il (1807) 269; Lidb., Fl. Ross. I, 98.—Ic.: Pall., l.c., tab. 14, f. 1-3; Bush., l.c.,57.—Exs.: HFR, No. 2401. Perennial; tuber spherical, medium sized, 1.5—3cm across; stem 5—35 cm high, usually simple, rarely with one branchlet from axil of squami- form leaf; the latter borne very low on stem, elongated; leaves usually 2, glaucescent, rather stiff, petioles short, slender; blade twice, nearly 3 times ternate; segments long-petioled, lobes subsessile, palmately incised into elongated, linear, oblong or ovate, usually acute sometimes obtuse lobules. Racemes loose, long, bracts entire, oblong or lanceolate, minate; pedicels slender, elongated, longer —in fruit markedly longer —than bracts, to 20mm long, declinate or pendulous; sepals inconspicuous; corolla violet, 30—40 mm long, inner petals dark at apex; limb of outer petals very narrow, acutish; lower petals with rudiment of spur at base. Spur of the upper petal almost one and a half times longer than petal, erect, gradually attenuate from broad base; capsules linear, 20mm long, 2mm broad, acute, with long slender style; stigma with elongated, pendulous basal horns, 4-toothed at apex; seeds black, very glossy, 1.7mm long; caruncle spreading, scarious, band-shaped, long. April— May. 507 664 Slightly saline consolidated sands, clayey deserts and stony dry slopes of the lower mountain zone.— W. Siberia: Alt., Irt.; Centr. Asia: Ar. - Casp., I! Sh) (Kara-Tau)) Balkh. Gen. distr..: Dzu.-Kash. > Wesermped from Altai. Type in Berlin. Note. This species with its long corolla and unique ecology is the only member of the Pes-gallinaceus section. It most closely resembles C.nudicaulis Rgl. and its flowers are most similar toS. severzovii. 15. C.glaucescens Rgl. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XLII, I (1870) 253. — C. kolpakowsSkiana Rel. in A.H.P. Vv (1877) 63835 —Ic.: Gartentloga: tab. 948. Perennial; tuber orbicular, rarely oblong, 1.0—2.5cm grayish to brown; the leafless, branchless lower part of stem 1—10cm long, terminating in a broad, scarious ovate, scalelike leaf, (similar toa sheath), remaining part of stem branching, with 1—3 spreading, usually tightly clustered branches; cauline leaves 2 or 3, thin, of delicate consistency; petioles long, slender; blades 3—7cm long, ovate, with 2—3-pairs of segments; lower segments long-petioled, the upper on short subfiliform petioles, ovate, pinnately dissected into broad, approximate, cuneate lobes that are palmately incised into oblong-linear, obtuse lobules; upper leaves reduced and simple; central raceme on slender peduncle overtopping the leaves; racemes reduced, lateral leaves united at ends of branches. Raceme few-flowered, rather loose, especially in fruit; bracts herbaceous, entire, lanceolate; acuminate pedicels filiform, shorter than bracts, fruiting pedicels longer than bracts, 10-—20mm long, declinate or pendulous; sepals inconspicuous; corolla 20—25mm long, violet-red or pink; limb of outer petals broad. notched at apex; lower petals basally tuberculate; spur straight or slightly curved, ascending, slender, obtuse, slightly longer than the petals; capsules lanceolate-ellipsoid, gradually tapering into a style; capsule 15mm long, ca.3mm broad, with delicate valves; stigma disklike, with small verrucose teeth; seeds 1.5—1.8mm across, black, very glossy; caruncle long, one-third to one-half the circumference of the seeds, spreading, scarious. April. Shrubs, woods, slopes, to 1,800m.— Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (E.), Dzu- Tarb., Pam.-Al. (only in Greater Zeravshan, Kuli-Kalon!). Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash. Described from the source of the Almatinka. Note. Small fragments of C.kaschgarica Rupr. are mixed with the type specimen of C. glaucescens; however, this should not prevent the choice of the best specimens there as C. glaucescens which was in fact later described by E.Regelas C.kolpakowskiana. 16. C.caucasica DC., Syst. II (1821) 119; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 99; Boiss=, Or) hy 128; Busch. ini Mii ncauewerite il, 4565s 1© apo mneiiens caucasica Rupr., Fl. Cauc. (1869) 56.—C. tenella Ldb., in Bull. Acad. Pétersb. II (1837) 313; Fl. Ross. I, 101.—C. alboviana Steup in Schede— Biscs4) ELE Ree NOn (aor Perennial; tuber spherical, 0.8-1.5cm across, light grayish; squamiform leaf large, ovate or oblong; stem simple or with one branch from axil of scale, slender, 10—20cm high, erect or flexuous; leaves usually 2, long- petioled; blade delicate, glaucescent, twice ternate; segments long-petioled, broad, dissected into 3 subsessile or short-petioled lobes; lobes obovate, cleft into 2-3 oblong-cuneate lobules or strong-toothed; ends of lobes and 508 665 666 teeth acute or obtuse. Raceme with few (2-1 0) flowers, loose; bracts oblong or ovate, entire, acute, large; pedicels slender, shorter than bracts even in fruit,to 10mm long; sepals 1.5—2mm long, scarious, palmately cleft into subulate lobules. Corolla violet-pink, 20—25mm long; outer petals with large, broad limb, strongly notched at apex, at base of lower petal a more or less conspicuous rudiment of a spur; inner petals yellow; spur of upper petal rather broad, erect or slightly bent distally, obtuse; capsules declinate or nearly pendulous, long, ca.20mm, 2.5—3mm broad, with narrow valves, acuminate; stigma disklike, with small dentate lobes, hornless basally; seeds black, glossy, smooth,ca.2mm across; caruncle scarious, saccate, divergent. April— May. (Plate XLIII, Figure 8). Forests and shrubs.— Caucasus: Cisc., W. Transc., Greater Caucasus, n. Eranse. (rarely). Gen. distr.: Bal.-As. Min. Described from the Caucasus. Type in Geneva. Note. The white-flowered form,var.albiflora DC.,is common. The specimens with a larger and more compact corolla, larger primordium of spur on the lower petal, and broader capsules are referred to C.alboviana Steup. (Kuban, Krasnaya Polyana, Mingreliya). 17. C.intermedia (L.) Mérat, Nouv. Fl. d. env. Paris (1812) 272; Shmabie cs bl 1, 41.—Fumaria bulbosa B intermedia. ‘L.,..Sp.-pl. (1753) 699.—F. intermedia Ehrh., Beitr. VI (1791) 146.—F.fabacea Reba eOGin tls SCands. >, eds. Ll (1795) lbic>Comyaea lis fabacea. Pers., Syn. II (1807) 269; Ldb., Fl. Ross., I, 99.—Ic.: Rchb., Ic. Fl. Germ. III, fabasiwieeins Lilustr... Pl.) Mitteleur.. IV, f.°738, f-k.—Exs.: HFR,-No. 403. Perennial; tuber small, spherical, 8—15mm across, light brown; stem low, slender, 8—15cm high, simple, mostly with one branch from axil of squamiform ovate leaf; leaves 2, on long slender petioles, biternate; segments long-petioled, lobes short-petioled; lobes obovate-cuneate, cleft into oblong-linear, slightly cuneate, obtuse, large lobules; leaf delicate, glaucous; raceme short, compact, subcapitate, few-flowered, drooping before anthesis; bracts entire, large, obovate, obtuse or short-acuminate; pedicels slender, even in fruit twice to three times as long as the bracts; sepals minute, scarious, dentate; corolla small, ca.15mm long, violet-pink, limb of outer petals rather broad, with large apical notch; spur broad, erect, obtuse, slightly longer than petal; lower petal inconspicuously torulose; capsules erect or declinate, oblong, 10—15mm long, 4—5mm broad, tapering to a flat beak passing into a style; stigma disklike, finely verrucose-dentate, basally hornless; seeds black, glossy, 2—2.3mm across, caruncle long, scarious, saccate, divergent. April— May. Forests and shrubs. — European part: U.V., V.-Don, U. Dnp. Gen. distr.: Centr., Eur., Atl., Eur., Scand., Bal.-As. Min. Described from W. Europe. 18. C.repens Mandl. et Miihldorf in Bot. K6zl. XIX (1921) 90; Kom. i Aly Wonr, cast. Dallmevostoch, kraya, 1,575, le,; Kom., I.c., tab. 175. Perennial; tuber spherical, 1.0—1.5cm across; stem low, 8—15 cm high, its lower underground part, from tuber to squamiform leaf, slender, long, filiform; branch emerging from axil of squamiform leaf usually similar to stem; leaves 2; petioles long; blade broad, twice ternate,upper leaf 509 669 (rarely both leaves) triternate; segments long-petioled (lateral segments opposite); lobes short-petioled, usually large, oblong, obtuse or acute, entire, rarely pectinately cleft into oblong distal lobules. Racemes small, rather compact; bracts entire, lanceolate or oblong, small; pedicels capilliform, slightly longer than bracts, in fruit longer than the bracts, declinate or pendulous, to 15mm long; sepals minute, subulate; corolla small, ca.15mm long, suberect, whitish; limb of outer petals bluish inside, with broad apical notch; lower petals without basal tubercle; spur erect, rather thick, obtuse, slightly longer than petal; inner petals dark at apex, with pale high keel along back; capsules oval, short, to 10mm long, 4—5 mm broad, acute; style slender; stigma obovate-triangular, with finely verrucous teeth distally; seeds 1.8mm across, glossy, reddish black, inconspicuously punctate; caruncle narrowly bandlike, scarious, spreading. April. Forests.— Far East: Uss. (southern part). Gen. distr.: Jap.-Ch. (Manchuria). Described from Vladivostok district. Type in Budapest. 19. C.ambigua Cham. et Schlecht. in Linnaea I, (1826) 558; Ldb., Fl. Rosse i 10l Bush in Hl Sib wDalin Vost-. 63) Noni Ewer ienacapaas ll, 35159 RE Kamch. iW 159. — Ie.) Buseh cs; samoku Dzusetsusseduac- XIII, tab. 4. Perennial; tuber small, spherical, 8-15 mm in diameter; squamiform leaf very remote from tuber, oblong, long; stem 10—25 cm high, simple or with one small branchlet; petioles slender, rather long; blade glaucescent, delicate, biternate; segments long-petioled, lobes sessile or short-petioled, simple, elongate-oblong or obovate, obtusish or cleft or strongly dentate distally, with 1—3 lobules or teeth; rarely lobes elongate, broadly linear. Raceme rather loose, few-flowered, on long peduncle; bracts entire, lanceolate or oblong, acute, slightly longer than pedicels; pedicels filiform, to 12 mm long, declinate; sepals inconspicuous, minute; corolla violet-blue, 16—20 mm long, broad or narrow; limb of outer petals broad, large, with large apical notch, lower petals with large obtuse gibbosity; spur thick, suberect, obtuse, as long as petals; capsules linear, 10—15 mm long, 2—3 mm broad, moniliform, acute, erect or declinate, not pendulous, the lower on filiform flower stalks, longer than bracts (up to 20mm long); seeds ca.1.5mm across, glossy. May— June. ; Shrubs, forests, sandy or stony soil, in the North also along shores of seas and rivers.— Far East: Kamch., Sakh., Okh., Uda, Uss. Gen. distr:: Bering, Jap.-Ch. (Japan, Manchuria). Described from Kamchatka. Type in Leningrad and Berlin. Note. lIaccept this species as interpreted by Maximowicz since Bush's conception of the boundary between C. ambigua and C. remota proved to be unclear. C. ambigua (Kamchatka, Sakhalin, shores of the Sea of Okhotsk) is distinguished by broad, oblong leaf lobules and a larger more compact corolla, with a large gibbosity on the lower petal, and broader lip. In the Amur and Ussuri Regions, var.amurensis Maxim. occurs: leaf lobules smaller, narrower, linear-oblong and corolla thinner, blue, with narrower limb; lower petals without gibbosity; in addition to the typical form there are f. lineariloba Maxim.— lobes linear, 4—6 cm long, 2—4mm broad—and f. rotundiloba Maxim.— lobes broad, pectinate- dentate distally. Var. amurensis is to a certain extent intermediate. According to Komaroy, the flowers of C. ambigua are odorless and 510 PLATE XLII]. 1—Corydalis popovii Nevski; 2—C.nevskii M.Pop; 3—C.persica Cham. et Schlecht.; 4—C.erdelli Yucc. (in right lower corner); 5-C.conorhiza Ldb.; 6—C.arctica M.Pop; 7—C.pauciflora Pers; 8—C.caucasica DC.; 9—C.marschalliana Pers, lateral segment of leaf; 10—C.cava (Mill.) Schweig et Korte, lateral segment of leaf. 511 670 those of C. remota fragrant. We note that the Far Eastern Corydalis section Pes-gallinaceus is a complex group, owing to its frequent hybridization, and can be analyzed only by detailed field studies. 20. C.fumariifolia Maxim., Prim. fl. Amur. (1859); Kom. i Al., Opr. rast. Dal'nevost. kraya. I, 575.— C. remota var. fuimarii fotrayomn, MM Manehzh: i 3bil:> Bush) VE sib. J Dalltn= Wost.. oO e lca uicines l.c., 63; Matsumura, Ic. pl. Koisikav. IV, tab. 214. Perennial; tuber small, spherical, squamiform leaf large; stem 10—25 cm high, simple or with branch in axil of squaamiform leaf; leaves tri-, nearly quadriternate; segments and lobes with long, slender petioles, lobes subsessile, broadly obovate, cleft almost to base into lobules of second order, pinnately dissected into sections of third order. Raceme rather loosely- flowered; bracts entire, oblong (type) or deeply and thinly pectinate-incised (var. incisa M.Pop.); pedicels slender, slightly shorter or the lower slightly longer than bracts; sepals minute, inconspicuous; corolla ca.20mm long, pink-violet; limb of outer petals not very broad, not dentate, with notch at apex, without mucro; spur erect, thick, subsaccate, quite obtuse (type) or more slender (var. incisa M.Pop.); lower petal not torulose at base; | capsules erect, linear or oblong-linear. April— May. | Forests and shrubs.— Far East: Uss., Uda. Gen. distr.: Jap. -Ch. (Manchuria). Described from the Amur Region (Kkhurti). Type in Leningrad. Note. This species is distinguished from C. remota and C. ambigua var. amurensis by very strongly dissected leaves and, perhaps, by a very obtuse spur. Var. incisa represents an obvious transition to C. remota: it has incised bracts, a thinner spur than C. remlomayond similar segments and capsules which are partly erect, partly declinate. In general, there are frequent transitional forms between all species of the section Pes-gallinaceus growing in the Ussuri and Amur regions as a result of ancient or recent hybridization. 21. C.remota Fisch. ex Maxim., Prim. fl. Amur. (1859) 37.— Ci remota var. genuina N.) Busch, El. Sib. i) Dal'n))Vosta 1 (sis) 58 (the rest of the varieties are mixed up with C. ambigua); Kom. i Alis., Opr. rast. Dal’nevost. kraya. I, 575.— C:twrezaninovil Besson Flora XXII (1834) 6, nom. nudum.—Ic.: Bush, l.c., 59.—Exs.: HFR. ING 2353. Perennial; tuber spherical, small, deep or near soil surface; stem 10—25 cm high, erect, slender, unbranched or with 1 or 2 branches from axil of large squamiform leaf; leaves 2; sepals long; blades biternate; segments long-petioled; lobes sessile or very short-petioled, broadly cuneate, cleft into 2—3 linear or oblong, slightly cuneate lobules or just as strongly dentate; bracts abruptly cuneate, usually deeply pectinate-incised into narrow lobules, rarely dentate, but not entire. Raceme rather dense, many -flowered, rarely few-flowered in weak specimens; pedicels slender, rather long, usually slightly shorter than bracts, the lower sometimes slightly longer than bracts; sepals minute, inconspicuous; corolla ca.20mm long, suberect or slightly arcuate, narrow, violet-pink, sometimes bluish; limb of outer petals not very broad, dentate, with notch at apex and sharp mucro; lower petals almost without basal tubercle; spur erect or slightly incurved, barely longer than petal,obtuse; capsules linear, pendulous, S12 672 10—25 mm long, 2 mm broad, torulose from protruding seeds, appearing moniliform, the upper sometimes erect; seeds small, ca. 1.5mm across, reddish black, glossy; caruncle scarious, saccate, spreading. April— May. Forests, forest margins, clearings, and shrubs.— E. Siberia: Dau. Far East: Uda, Uss., Ze.-Bu. Gen. distr.: Jap.-Ch. (Manchuria). Described from Dauria. Type in Leningrad. Note. A very critical species in its relation to C. halleri Willd. and C. ambigua Cham. et Schlecht. According to Maximowicz, it is distinguished from C. halleri by the following: leaves more glaucous, more compact, with very conspicuous veins; segments longer, longer- petioled; bracts with a rectilinear-cuneate, not orbicular base, their lobes more deeply incised, thinner, gradually attenuate; corolla narrower;lower petals without basal tubercle; limb confluent, not revolute; pedicels longer and thus raceme looser; seeds less rounded, half as big. Komarov and Korshinsky also report that a narrow, linear capsule, normal for all Transbaikalia and Amur plants is also characteristic for C. remota. However, Corydalis from the Yenisei area (Minusinsk, Kansk districts) has characteristics which are just intermediate between C. halleri and C. remota: capsules oblong, broad and short; tubercle on lower petal obsolete but visible; apical notch of outer petals with distinct prickle, as in C. remota. Maximowicz has classified itas C. solida Guad. (ives C. halleri Willd.), Busch—as C. remota. C. remota is distinguished from C. ambigua by incised, not entire bracts. However, as both forms often grow together and vary to the same degree, distinct differences which could be corroborated by differences in geography and ecology have not beenfound. Various authors provide different characteristics for their separation, suchas absence or presence ofa tubercle on lower petal,color of petals,odor or lack of odor of corolla,deep or shallow growing tuber,etc, All these characters are obviously not significant; preferably,the species should be distinguished by the entire or incised bracts. The variations of C.mem ota are similar to those of C. ambigua; thisis especially clear inthe case ofvar. rotundiloba Maxim. (=var. pectinata Kom.) with broad dentate lobes and var. lineariloba Maxim. with lobes 4-6 cm long and 3—4 mm broad. Economic importance. A good early nectar plant. 22. C.halleri Willd., Enum. hort. Berol. II (1809) 740.—Fumaria bulbosay solida L., Sp. pl. (1753) 699.—F. halleri Willd., Prodr. fl. Berol. (1787) 229.—F. solida Ehrh., Beitr. VI(1791) 146; Sm., FI. brit. II (1804) 748.—Corydalis digitata Pers., Syn. II (1807) 269.— C. bulbosa DC., Fl. France IV (1815) 637.—C. solida Sw., in Svensk Bot. VIII (1819), p. etotabich3l pebdbi, Fl. Ross. vw 100;. Kryl:oF lL. Aap. Sib. VI, 1245.—Ic.: Smith, Engl. Bot. tab. 1471; Swartz in Svensk. Bot. tabs (531.— Exs.: HFR No. 703. Perennial; tuber small, 8—15 mm across, light brown; stem 8—20 cm high, simple or with one branchlet in axil of large, oblong squamiform leaf just above tuber; leaves usually 2, delicate, glaucous; sepals short; blade broad, bi-, nearly triternate; segments long-petioled, cleft to base or for one-fourth to one-half into linear-oblong, slightly cuneate, obtuse, rarely obovate (var. latiloba) lobules; sometimes lobes entire or with 2—4 obtuse apical teeth. Raceme rather firm, cylindrical; bracts cuneate- obovate, distally incised into linear lobes or dentate; pedicels filiform, the 513 673 lower nearly as long as the bracts, to 10 mm, the upper shorter; sepals minute, inconspicuous; corolla pinkish violet, 15—20 mm long, limb of outer petals rather broad, with broad edenticulate apical notch; lower petals with conspicuous basal tubercle; spur suberect or often slightly arcuate, obtuse, as long as or slightly longer than petals; capsules pendulous or declinate, oblong, 10—12 mm long, 3-4 mm broad, tapering into a beak in turn passing gradually into a style; stigma disklike, finely verrucous-dentate; seeds black, glossy, not punctate, ca.2mm across; caruncle narrow, band- shaped, scarious, spreading, short. April— May. Open forests, among shurbs. — European part: Kar. -Lap., Ladies, Dv. =Pech:, '‘U: Vz; \V.-Kama,U. Dnp. V.=Don, Transv., Bl.) LaDosy ei W. Siberia: U. Tob. (Tobol'sk, Nefedovo village, according to Krylov); Centr. Asia: Syr D. (Tashkent, apparently introduced). Gen. distr.: Scand., Centr. and Atl. Eur., Bal.-As. Min. Described from the environs of Berlin. Type in Berlin. Note. The plant from the Yenisei district may be referred either to C. halleri or C. remota; I call it var. subremota M. Pop.; it has capsules like those of C. solida and a corolla as in C. remota. The Krasnoyarsk Territory, Minusinsk District, forest in the vicinity of Shuzhelskaya(Martyanov,No.98); in the shady forest along the Ashpa River (Martyanov, No. 109). Kansk district, larch forest between the villages of Aginskoye and Ilbinskoe (Yu. Voronov, No. 247). The specimens from Krasnoyarsk have apparently been collected in the previously mentioned localities. There is yet another specimen from Nerchinsk (Herb. Ledebour Corydalis, No. 80), collected by Turczaninow, which should be referred to C. halleri Willd. The question of the Baikal Corydalis type halleri — remota requires further observation in the field and larger collections in order to obtain a clearer picture. 23. C.paczoskii N. Busch in Fl. cauc. crit. II, 4 (1905) 55.— C. angustifolia B.ramosa Paczoski in Zap. Novoross. Ob-va Estestv. XV, 1(1890) 68.—C. ramosa B. Fedtsch. in Bull. Herb. Boiss., VII (1899) 806, non Wall.—C. solida 8. pauciflora Paczoski in Zap. Kiev. Obshch. Estestv. X, 2 (1899) 421.—Ex.: HFR No. 1754. Perennial; tuber spherical, 8-15 mm across, light brown; squamiform leaf membranous, large; stem flexuous, 10—20cm tall, rarely nearly unbranched, with 1 or 2 branches from axil of squamiform leaf, branches divaricate; leaves 2 or 3, with slender petioles; blade slender, delicate, biternate; segments long-petioled, lobes sessile or subsessile, broadly cuneate, incised for one-fourth to one-half into oblong-linear, obtuse lobules. Raceme rarely loose, few-flowered; bracts herbaceous, cuneate, palmatisect for one-eighth (?) to one-fifth into linear lobes; pedicels pendulous, slender, fruiting pedicels shorter than bracts to 10mm; sepals minute, inconspicuous; corolla violet-pink, slightly arcuate, 17—20mm long; limb of outer petals rather broad, notched at apex; spur erect or slightly arcuately inflexed, rather slender, obtuse, almost as long as petals; capsules erect, spreading or (the lower) even pendulous, to 25mm long, linear, ca. 3mm broad, acute, tapering into a beak, terminating in a style; stigma disklike, verrucous- crenate; seeds black, glossy, ca.2mm across; caruncle spreading, band- shaped to saccate, long, scarious. April. Shrubs and forests. — European part: Crim. (often), Bl. Endemic. Described from the Crimea. Type in Leningrad. 514 674 24. C.angustifolia (M.B.) DC., Syst. II (1821) 120; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 1G0eBoiss., Ors 130;Buseh in Fl. -ceauce crite lh 4,°59.—FEumaria angustifolia M.B., Fl. taur.-cauc. II (1808) 146 et III, 458.—Capnites angustifolia Rupr., Fl. Cauc. (1869) 57.—Ic.: Gartenflora IX, tab. 304. Perennial; tuber small, 7-15 mm across, spherical, light gray-brown; stem simple or with cne branchlet in axil of squamiform leaf, slender, 10—15 (—20) cm high, with 2 leaves in upper part; leaves with rather long, slender petioles; blade broad, nearly triternate, segments long-petioled; lobes broadly obcuneate, short-petioled, cleft nearly to base into 2—3 linear or oblong-linear, elongated, obtuse or acute lobules. Raceme few-flowered, loose, but not long; bracts cuneate, incised to one-half or less or distally dentate, sometimes entire, oval, longer than pedicels; pedicels filiform, declinate, to 10mm; sepals minute; corolla light yellow, rather large, 22—25mm long; limb of outer petals not broad, notched at apex; lower petals with small, pointed basal tubercle; spur erect, rather slender, slightly ascending, obtuse, rarely distally recurved; capsules linear, elongated, to 25mm long, 2—3 mm broad, declinate or pendulous, dapering into a beak, in turn passing into a style; stigma disklike, with finely verrucous-capitate margin. April— May. Forests.— European part: Lad. -Ilm. (Leningrad, growing wild), Crim. (? ); Caucasus: E., W. and 8S. Transc. Gen. distr.: Iran. Described from the Caucasus. Type in Leningrad. Note. This species is distinguished from the rather closely related C. caucasica, by narrower, elongated leaf lobules, cuneate, incised bracts and the yellow corolla with narrower limb. It represents to some degree the transition from the series Solidae to the series Fabaceae. 25. C.alexeenkoana N. Busch in Fl. cauc. crit. III, 4 (1905) 56. Perennial, distinguished from C. angustifolia DC., to which it is very closely related, by a shorter corolla (20—22 mm), thicker spur, and broader limb and, chiefly, by shorter, oblong, pendulous capsules. Presumably intermediate between C. angustifolia and C. halleri and, possibly an old hybrid between them. It rarely grows in the area of C. angusti- folia. June. Shrubs. — Caucasus: Dag. (near Makhachkala), E. Transc. (Tabitskhuri Lake; Zekar—the divide at the border of the Imeretia and Akhaltsikhe districts). Described from Dagestan. Type in Leningrad. 26. C. bracteata (Steph.) Pers., Syn. II (1807) 269; Ldb., Fl. Ross. IL ie. Busch, PF): Sib i Dal'nsoVosts(4j¢65;) Kryl.,;: Fle Zap. Sib.I, «65; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. VI, 1246.—Fumaria bracteata Steph. in Willd. Sp. pl. III (1800) 858.—Ic.: N. Busch,1l.c., 67, colored plate 24; Bot. Mag. ioe tabi" 3242))— Exs.: HER ‘No.: 553. Perennial; tuber spherical, small, 8—15 (up to 28)mm in diameter; stem simple, erect, 15—30 (—36) cm tall or with one branchlet from axil of leaf; the latter large, scarious, oblong; squamiform; leaves 2; petioles slender, long; blades glaucous-green, small, bi- nearly triternate; segments long- petioled; lobes short-petioled, broad, cuneate, cleft for one-third to two- thirds into slightly cuneate, oblong-linear or oblong-elongate, obtuse lobules. Raceme medium-compact; bracts cuneate, large, distally incised or dentate, sometimes elliptic, entire (var. gracilis Busch), longer than pedicels, 3) the latter filiform, divergent, 13 mm long; sepals minute; corolla yellow, arcuate, with ascending spur, usually 22—25 mm, sometimes to 40 mm long, limb of outer petals very broad, with large apical notch; lower petals with large, rounded tubercle; spur medium-thick to thick, ascending, erect or slightly reflexed distally, obtuse, slightly longer than petals; capsules pendulous or declinate, lanceolate, 15—20 (2 8) mm long, 3—4 mm broad, tapering into a beak; stigma disklike, finely verrucous-torulose at margin; seeds black, very glossy, 1.7—2 mm across; caruncle spreading, scarious, long, band-shaped. April— May. Forests and shrubs.— W. Siberia: Ob (southwest), Alt.; E. Siberia: Yenis., Ang. -Say., Dau.— Growing wild near Leningrad. Gen. distr.: Mong. Described from Altai. Type in Berlin. Section4. DACTYLOTUBER Rupr., Fl.Cauc.(1869) 54.—Rootstock tuberlike; tuber conical or cylindrical, proximally divided into 2—5 fleshy lobes which bear fibrous roots at their tips; stem in lower part with 1—2 small, squamiform, scarious leaves appressed to stem, not bent outward like Pes gallinaceus. Stigma low, broad, bicornute, with tooth confined to upper margin; capsules reflexed on erect pedicels. Small herbs with ternate leaves, usually with entire bracts and violet, rarely yellowish corolla. A very natural, morphologically isolated group. 675 1. Sepals large, 2—3 mm long, violet, fimbriate-cilate. Corolla small. Series «Gia ly enimaken mie, . cuitial. ewer. sien Tent eae 27. C.conorhiza Ldb. ar Sepals 1—-2)nam: longs dentate! ))s a1 ns) she eae aera ai 2. Stems branching, branches in axils of common leaves. Peduncles not | longer than leaves. Flowers small, horizontal, 12—20mm long. Seriesw Ad pe st mista.) (Cyalipie st ralist sa) seen re 3 a Stems not branched or rarely few-branched. Peduncles markedly longer than leaves. Corolla often larger and vertically pendulous. SeriesiPauciflorae ms (C. pauciflora Ss ljayice =e 4 Bi Upper leaves usually remote from inflorescence closer base of stem peduncles long. Leaves less fleshy. Small blue points on bracts, sepals none or obsolete. Caucasus........ 28. C.alpestris C. A. M. ats Upper leaves close to inflorescence, peduncle short. Leaves fleshier. Bracts and sepals bearing numerous small blue points. Very close tO pEeeceding Speciese Garbacatale ss... 29. C.pseudoalpestris M. Pop. 4. Corolla yellow, vertically pendulous, large, its lower leaves with large ecalcariform basal tubercles spur erect. Gaucasus :( 2 0a eae DR OI ERA ap AP oie corel Be ad eR 32. C. pallidiflora (Rupr. ) N. Busch. at Corolla blue violets... ects ye enane ceri! s pees, Solasthenne mented ete i emcee 5. 5. Corolla vertically pendulous, small or large, without basal calcariform tubercle on lower petal. Spur erect. Stigma capitate, hornless se chan CREM, DEG Satay oa giley abathnne eMedia ae) ape Cale x) Giotcr ee, alla Gillies hw none ats Corolla with distinctly visible basal calcariform tubercle on lower petala Stigma with more omless distinct lateral hornse rn eee 6. 5667 516 376 6. Corolla large, vertically pendulous, with erect spur one and one-half times as long as the petals. Capsules glaucous. Caucasus ..... eee aeRO ea Eh As IE io Gian ore She. Shams iy oo 31. C.emanueli C. A. M. + Corolla large, often horizontal, with hamately recurved apical spur one-quarter longer than petals. Capsules not glaucous. ........ ES ee a ae ee ey ee Ome A a ee 30. C. pauciflora Pers. 2. ©. conorhiza Ldb., Fl. Ross... I (1842) 99 SB OUSS vsuattel we O Ge alee oa > suppl. 26; Busch in Fl. cauc. crit. Ill, 4, 53.—Capnites macrose- pala Rupr., Fl. Cauc. (1869) 61.—C. ochroleuca Rupr., l.c., (1869).— Corydalis conorhiza var. macrosepala etochroleuca Boiss., Fl. Or. Suppl. (1888) 26.—C. conorhiza var. Ruprechtii N. Busch, Lee. 9(1913).—Fxs.:.HFR No: 802. Perennial; tuber dark brown, shallow, small, conical, divided below (often indistinctly) into 2—5 short lobes; stem 5—10cm high, with one squamiform leaf in lower part, simple erect; cauline leaves often 3, of which the middle leaf is the largest; the upper leaves sessile, reduced, sometimes absent; petioles of two lower leaves rather long, slightly broadened proximally into a vaginal sheath; lower leaf blades ovate or orbicular, pinnatisect, lateral segments often 2-pairs, the lower very remote; very rarely segments 3-pairs or one, if the latter case then leaves ternate, their segments short-petioled or subsessile, palmatisect almost to base into three lobes, incised in turn into 2—3 lobules or entire; lobules oblong or linear-oblong, rarely obtuse, often acuminate. Raceme compact, narrow, short, capitate, 3—8-flowered, barely overtopping leaves; bracts entire, rarely the lower tripartite, oblong, longer than pedicels, which are merely a few mm in length; sepals 2—3 mm long, ovate, scarious, deeply fimbriate; corolla 15—20 mm long, violet-pink, rarely yellowish (var. ochroleuca (Rupr.) Boiss., ) rather robust, suberect; lip of outer petals narrow, short, dark, obtuse; lower petals with large saccate basal tubercle; spur thickish, erect or slightly reflexed at apex, one and one-half times as long as the petals; capsules elliptic, 7—10—15 mm long, 4—5—6mm broad. June— August. (Plate XLIII, Figure 5). Alpine meadows, grass plots near snow patches at 2,100—3, 150m. — Caucasus: Greater Caucasus, W. and S. Transc. Gen. distr.: Bal. -As. Min. Described from Guria. Type in Leningrad. 28. C.alpestris C.A.M., Verzeichn. Pfl. Cauc. (1831) 176; Ldb., FI. pHess4 -LeSaieN. Busch, in Fl, cauc.crit.. Iiy4,,48.—€. pauciflora, var: alpestris Akinf., Fl. Tsentr. Kavk. (1894) 55.—C. nivalis Boiss., et Huet in Boiss., Diagn., sér. 2, V (1859) 16.—C. swanetica Krasnov, Novyi vid, Svanet. flory (1891) 15.—C. glareosa Somm. et Lév. in A.H. P. XIII (1893) 27.—Capnites alpestris Rupr., Fl. Cauc. (1869) 59.—Ic.: Somm. et Lev., l.c., tab. VI.—Exs.: HFR No. 953. Perennial; tuber bi- or many-partite, with short or elongated lobes, in the latter case lobes cylindrical; lower, subterranean part of stem branched, 5—15cm high; leaves 2 or 3, borne at base of underground part of stem, long-petioled, slightly scarious, broadened to a sheath beneath; leaflet with reduced blade or branchlet, often with raceme, frequently developing in the axils of leaves; lamina glaucous, small, ovate- rounded, ternate; segments approximate, subsessile or short-petioled, palmate- 517 678 incised nearly to base into 3 obovate lobes cleft into 2—3 oblong or oblong- linear or linear, often obtuse, rarely acute lobules or teeth; peduncle long scarcely overtopping the leaves or shorter than them, rarely the short- petioled leaf borne higher up. Raceme small, capitate, with 2—5, sometimes to 10, flowers, in the latter case the lower flowers remote, with long pedicels in axils of large bracts; bracts entire (the lower sometimes notched), ovate or oblong, longer than the pedicels or the lower as long as the pedicels, acute, 5—10 mm, rarely to 20mm long; sepals small, ca. 1 mm broad, white, square or oblong margin short-toothed; corolla bluish, rarely pink-violet, very rarely whitish, sometimes with blue limb, 15-20 mm long, suberect, rather slender; limb of outer petals short, barely longer than inner petals, short- acuminate; lower petal with small basal tubercle; spur slender, suberect or slightly arcuate or hamately bent at apex, one and one-half times as long as the petal; capsules small (5—) 10—15 mm long, 5 mm broad, ellipsoid. June — August. Stony slopes and taluses, rarely in grass plots of the alpine zone 2,400—3,000 m. — Caucasus: Greater Caucasus (often). Gen. distr.: Bal. -As. Min., Ind.-Him. Described from the Caucasus. Type in Leningrad. Note. To this species are referred var. calcarea N. Busch (C. calcarea Albov., Prodr. fl. Colch. (1895) 17), large plants, to 20 cm tall, with large leaves (Abkhazia) and var. bayerniana (Rupr.) M. Pop. (Capnites pallidiflora B bayerniana Rupr., Fl. Cauc. (1869) 59), corolla pale yellow, inner petals with dark apical spot (Central Caucasus). Due to the presence of branches in axils of leaves and according to the characteristics of the corolla— small (15—18 mm) and horizontal, with a horizontal recurved spur — should certainly be included in C.alpestris and not, as Ruprecht and Busch assumed,in C. pallidiflora. The degree of branching of the stem, was first noted as characteristic of C. alpestris by Prain (Journ. As. Soc. Bengal. LXV, 2, p.21). 29. C.pseudoalpestris M. Pop., sp. nova in Addenda VI, p. 579. Perennial, 5—8 cm tall, measured from tuber; tuber cylindrical, 2—4 cm long, simple or proximally divided into a few lobes; stems in lower part ereeping among stones, white, slender, with 2 squamiform leaves; cauline leaves often 3; petioles long, scarious below, expanding; blade glaucous, small, with3 approached, almost subsessile segments; segments dissected nearly to base into 2—3 broadly cuneate lobes, cleft to the middle of the oblong or oblong-linear lobules or only dentate at apex; in the axils of leaves are borne leaflets [sic! ] or flower-bearing branchlets; raceme not overtopping leaves, usually below level of leaves, small, with 2—4 approached flowers or 1-flowered; bracts like leaves slightly fleshy, ovate or obovate, obtuse, small, bearing minute blue points; peduncles 2—3 mm long, nearly twice as long as the bracts; sepals 1mm long, angular, barely dentate, white, with small blue points; corolla horizontal, ca. 17mm long, whitish or slightly azure, limb of outer petals blue or violet, short, narrow, barely longer than inner petals, obtuse; lower petal with small spur-like, acute tubercle at base; spur rather slender, erect, horizontal, more or less reflexed at apex, obtuse, nearly twice as long as the petal; capsules small, ca. 10mm long, 5mm broad, oblong-oval, obtuse; style slender, 1.5mm long; stigma small, subcapitate or with obtuse lateral horns. July— August. Rock streams and rocks in the alpine zone.— Centr. Asia: Dzu-Tarb. (Tarbagatai: Mastaya, upper reaches of the Ulkun-Ulasta: V. Saposhnikov); 518 Saur, baz. Pass (Schischkin and Genina). Endemic. Described from Tarbagatai and Saur. Type in Leningrad. 30. C. pauciflora (Steph.) Pers., Syn. II (1807) 269; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 97 et 746; Bush, Fl. Sib. i Dal'n. Vost. I, 52—56 (excl. var. sibirica and parviflora); Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. VI, 1243; Kom., Fl. Kamch. II, 160.—Fumaria pauciflora Steph. in Willd Sp. pl. III (1800) 861.— F. altaica Ldb. in Mém. Ac. Pétersb. V (1815) 551.—Corydalis altaica Bess. in Flora XXII (1834) 5.—Ic.: Ldb., Ic. pl. Fl. Ross, tabs. 50; Bush,,1.\c. Perennial; tuber usually short-branched, conical, dark brown; stem branchless, with one raceme; 1 or 2 or often 3 scaly leaves on lower part of stem, directly above scale—rarely asmallleafinitsaxil; peduncles robust, one and one-half times as long as leaves; sepals long, scarious-vaginal below, blades small, with 3 approached, lateral, subsessile segments; segments parted nearly to base into obovate-cuneate obtuse lobes, these entire or cleft into 2—3 lobules or teeth; lobules linear-oblong. Raceme 3—10-flowered, short, dense, subcylindrical; bracts entire, small, obovate, oval or oblong, acute or obtuse; pedicels as long as or slightly longer or shorter than bracts; sepals rounded-angular, dentate, 1—2 mm across; corolla horizontal, rarely drooping, ca. 20mm long, blue-violet; lip of outer petals broadly ovate, short-acute; lower petal with acute spur-like, basal tubercle. Spur obtuse, curved at apex. June—August. (Plate XLII, Figure 7). Moss-lichens or stony tundra in the alpine zone, moraines, and banks of mountain streams.—Arctic: Chuk., An.; W. Siberia: Alt.; E. Siberia: Ang. -Say., Dau.; Far East: Kamch., Okh. Gen. distr.: Mong. Described from Altai. Type in Berlin. Note. According to Turchaninow, in the Altai form the corolla is violet, and in the Baikal form blue. 379 31. C.emanueli C.A.M., Verzeichn. Pfl. Cauc. (1831) 176; Ldb., Fl. Ross. J, 98; Lipskii, Dop...Fl...Kavk. .I,.34—38.—Capnites, emanueli Rupe. Fi. Canc. (1869) 58.—Corydalis pauciflora N. Busch in Fl. Caucescrit. IIL..4, 50,,.non.Pers. Perennial; scaly leaves in lower part of stem 2; 2—4 leaves also in lower part of stem, shorter than the long peduncle; branchlets in axils of ordinary leaves; leaves long-petioled, scarious and slightly broadened basally, usually subtending branches; blade small, with 3 approached segments, very short-petioled; segments palmately dissected almost to base into 2—3 obovate or cuneate lobes, these in turn incised into 2—3 linear or oblong, acute or obtuse lobules or teeth; peduncles longer than leaves. Raceme broad, with 2—6 approached flowers; bracts small, entire, oblong, as long as or shorter than pedicels; sepals scarious, violet, ca. 1 mm long, orbicular or flabelliform, dentate; corolla 20—25 mm (N. Busch—to 35mm) long, blue- violet, usually drooping, with aroma reminiscent of jasmin (Meier); limb of outer petals rather large, only slightly larger than inner petals, short-acute, blue; basal gibbosity of lower petal acute, small but distinct, spur long, twice as long as petal, rather stout, erect or slightly arcuate, obtuse, pointing forward; capsule small, oblong, acute, with glaucous bloom, 11—12 mm long, 3—4mm broad, pendulous. August. 519 Alpine zone, 2,400—2,500 m. —Caucasus: Greater Caucasus (Kazbek, Chernye Gory, Teberda). Endemic. Described from Chernye Gory. Type in Leningrad. 32. C.pallidiflora (Rupr.) N. Busch in Fl. cauc. crit. IIL, 4 (1905) 52.— €. pawelllora avec: pal ltadtt hora Ecaulive eine aerbieok an (1877) 404; Boiss., Fl. Or: Suppl. 25.—C€. emanueli var. paltirdiilora mipsiar Fl. Kavk. (1899) 217.—Capnites pallidiflora Rupr., Fl. Cauc. (1869) 58. -—Ie:: "Rupr, T..c: tabs ve, He le xs EPR RNOn Eitoor Perennial, representing a yellow-flowered variety of C. emanueli. Similar to C. emanueli in every aspect, but flowers sulphur-yellow, 20—30 mm, most often 25mm long; stem often without branches in axils of leaves, rarely with them. Lobules of green and glaucescent leaves oblong, obtuse; tubercle at base of lower petal larger, petal limb broader. July. Alpine meadows, 2,500—3,300 m.—Caucasus: Greater Cuacasus | (Tushetiya, Osetiya, particularly often Balkariya ), Dag. Endemic. Described | from Dagestan. Type in Leningrad. 6380 33. "C. arctica Mi Pop. sp. nova in Addenda Vip. (ol. Ceramic) tienes flora var. Sibigiea hele in Bull soc. Nat. Mose eeeenyerit (1861) 135 (p.p.) et var. parviflora Rgl., l.c. 136(p.p.); N.Bush, Fl.Sib. I Dal'n. Vost., Is) B2SPdo UesR WwISo, ik Coy BAO | Perennial, distinguished from C. pauciflora by erect spur and total | absence of basal tubercle of lower petal; the latter character also distinguishes it from C. emanueli — which it resembles in the erect spur. In all other characters it agrees with C. emanueli. The size of the plant varies from large, to 30cm tall with corolla to 32mm long (var. sibirica Rgl. et Til. m.), to the small plants, 5—10cm tall with corolla 15—20mm long (art) parviflora Reltm.). ln vars Silbtian ea therspnt ats sometimes slightly reflexed at apex. In var. parviflora the inflorescence | is 1—3-flowered; leaves are small, often with simple or slightly incised | segments; stem often slender; spur always erect. June—August. (Plate XLII, Figure 6). Blades and shores of seas and rivers.— Arctic: An., Chuk.; E. Siberia: Lena-Kol., between the Lena and Olenek rivers, near the Atyrkan stream, near the timberline (Chekanovskii). Inter Jacutiam et Ochotiam (Turezaninow).—both var. sibirica m. In Saraulakh mountains 2,500m—(Tol., No. 85). At mouth of Lena: Angardam (A. Bunge). —both var. parviflora.—Far East: Okh.: Prope Ajan (Tiling). Shore of Ayan Bay (Derbek), Port Ayan (Kashkarov)—all three var. Sibirica; Arctic: An. ad brachium fl. Anadyr (Maydell); Chuk.: on Emma inlet in Provideniya Bay, 64°45'N (Borisov). —both var. sibirica; Kamch., Karaga village, Kukushka Mountain (Novograblenov); Kamchatka River basin (Protopopov)— | both var. Sibirica. Gen. distr.: Bering. Described from Yakutia (mouth of the Artyrkan River). Type in Leningrad. Sections. CERATOTUBER M.Pop.—Tuber small,irregular at tip of creeping rootstock, cornute appendages renewed each year (?), producing roots over entire surface. Stem bearing several squamiform leaves in its lower part. 520 681 34. C.buschii Nakai in Bot. Mag. Tokyo XXVIII (1914) 329.—C. de- cumbens Maxim; in Sched.; Kom., Fl. Manchzh. II 345; Bush, Fl. Sib. ? Dalal Vost. 1) 394nen Pers.):—Ic.: Bush.=Ic.: Bush., loc.; 40. Perennial; stem usually one, upright, 10—25cm high, with 2 squamiform, elongated leaves appressed to lower part of stem, bearing above or 3—4 ordinary leaves, often with branchlets in their axils; leaves with rather long, slender petioles, tri-, nearly quadriternate; segments long-petioled, lobes short-petioled, lobules subsessile, palmately-pinnately dissected into linear, acute lobules of the 2-order; leaves delicate, glaucous beneath, inconspicuously torulose-scabrous along veins and margins of petioles; upper leaves reduced, short-petioled. Raceme rather dense, compact, rarely loose; bracts obovate or oblong, truncate, obtuse or acute, always irregularly denticulate distally, equal to or somewhat shorter than filiform pedicels; sepals inconspicuous; corolla pink, 20—25 mm long, suberect; limb of outer petals small, orbicular, with small apical notch; lower petals without basal tubercle; spur firm, erect, obtuse, barely as long as petal; © capsules declinate and upright, not pendulous, somewhat reniform, linear, elongated, sometimes bent, 20—25 mm long, 1.5—2 mm broad; stigma very low, broad, arcuate, 2-horned, with 2 terminal teeth; seeds black, glossy, punctulate, 5mm across. April— May. Wet meadows, most forest glades, sometimes forest hollows. — Far East: Uss. (southern part). Gen. distr.: Jap. -Ch. (Manchuria, Korea). Type in Leningrad. Note. Maximowicz, Komarov, and Bush consider the present species to be synonymous with C. decumbens Pers. Yet,itis distinguished from the latter by a large number of characters, even at the section level: C. de- cumbens, growing in Japan, lacks squamiform leaves; the tuber is spherical, without a creeping rootstock; radical leaves present; leaves 2 on stem; leaf lobules shorter, broader and more obtuse; bracts entire; raceme very loose, pedicels longer than bracts, very slender; limb of petals broad, with large notch. In setting up the new section, I was unable to determine the real structure of the tuberiform root system of C. buschii, which is very unique, and rather reminiscent of the root system of some American species of Dicentra than the European-Asiatic species of Corydalis. Subgenus 2. CAPNOIDES DC., Syst. II (1821) 122.—Root not tuberous; annual or biennial or perennial, elongated, branching. Cotyledons 2. Leaves often pinnate, rarely (Microcapno s) ternate. Section 1. ARCHAEOCAPNOS M. Pop — Perennials. Rootstock cylindrical, sometimes inflated-thickened, covered with numerous scales providing abundant, thin, adventitious roots. Radical leaf one, large, broad, with large broad lobules; corolla red or violet; stigma very unique, shaped like an elongated rectangle, with verrucose protuberances at the angles and a larger, simple or bifid apical protuberance; capsules pendulous, on erect pedicels. 521 682 683 1. Spur in bud curved upward. Sepals caducous, at early stage of bud growth. Leaf lobules narrower, gradually acuminate.......... 2. #5 Spur, even in very young flowers not curved upward, erect. Sepals retained until flowering. Leaf lobules shorter, broader, obtuse... 3. 2. Corolla 25mm long. Inflorescence strongly branching. paniculate. Plant up: toyl 2 Ore matali pene ia = sapere ie 36. C. gigantea Trautv. et Mey. afr Corolla 30—40mm long. Inflorescence with one terminal raceme and one lateral branch. Plant to 80cm high.....-...-..++...+.-. (aes, RACES wae Oa aL RIES A AE BI ay cig 35. C.macrantha (Rgl.) M. Pop. 3. Inflorescence slightly branching, 1—3-branched. Terminal raceme loose. Peduncles slender...... 38. C.paeoniifolia (Steph.) Pers. oF Inflorescence not branching, of one terminal, simple, dense raceme Gin 2 Sino: Eiavel imurcma joSClbuNAClS oe ces os5r00c 37. C,. redowskii Fedde. 35. C.macrantha (Rgl.) m. Pop. sp. nova in Addenda VI, p.580.— C. gigantea var. macrantha Rgl. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXIV, 3 (1861) 150. Perennial; rootstock elongated, distally, thickened; stem hollow, finger- thick, brownish, glossy, upright, 60—80 cm high, branching above; cauline leaves 2 or 3, delicate, Scarious, with rather short petioles, very large, the upper reduced, sessile; blade bi-, nearly tripinnatisect, its axis dichoto- mously branching, zigzag-like, lateral segments alternate on petioles, simple or tripinnatipartite, with alternate lobes deeply cleft into 2—3 very large, oblong or lanceolate, asymmetrical lobules, up to 7cm long, 3 cm broad, entire or cleft, glaucous beneath, dark green above. From axil of upper leaf grows a branch terminating in a reduced raceme; terminal raceme simple, cylindrical, dense, 5-10 cm long, on a rather short, robust peduncle, barely overtopping the leaves; bracts narrow, elongated, entire, the lower shaped like an elongated narrowly-spatulate leaf, 3cm long, the upper filiform- linear, gradually becoming reduced distally, slightly longer or shorter than peduncles; peduncles 3—6 mm long, upright, large, sepals soon caducous (at early stage of development of the bud), large, 5-9 mm long, suborbicular, entire, herbaceous-scarious; corolla 35—45mm long, pendulous, slightly arcuate, dirty red; limb of outer petals small, ovate, acute; lower petal convex in lower part but without basal spurlike tubercle; spur slightly arcuately ascending, else erect, firm, gradually tapering, twice as long as the corolla. June—August. (Plate XLIV, Figure 7). River valleys, forests and streams.— Far East: Ze.-Bu., Uss. Endemic. Described from Bureya Range. Type in Leningrad. 36. C.gigantea Trautv. et Mey. in Minnendorf. Reise nach Sibirien, Bole Lh 2,oLiet. 93) (1856 )l3. CG. oieamt eal vary so enutiimicmet amurensis Rgl. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXIV, 3 (1861) 149; N. Bush, Fl. Sib. i Dal'n. Vost. I, 35.—Ic.: N. Bush, l.c., 36; Miyabe et Miyake, Bly Saghalling( LOlS)\itab. 2: Similar to C. macrantha in all characters, but rootstock more thickened above, tuberlike, stern taller, to 120cm; inflorescence paniculate, very strongly branching, branching terminal raceme with several lateral racemes at base; entire inflorescence 10—20cm long; corolla small, 15—25mm long; sepals 2—4mm, membranous, dentate; capsule small, 8—10 mm long, ca. 3mm broad, oblong, broadening towards apex, obtuse. June — July. 522 684 Forests. Dense coniferous forests, along streams and brooks (Kom., Fl. Manchzh. Il, 343).— Far East: Sakh., Uda, Uss. Endemic. Described from Mamga Bay. Type in Leningrad. Note. The Sakhalin form is very uniform. It is distinguished by its strongly branching inflorescence and its very numerous and small flowers, ca. 17—18mm long. A similar form occurs on the continent to which belong, for example, authentic specimens of C. gigantea: Udskoi Sib. orient. Exp. Acad. 1844, Guba Mamga, 25 Jul. 44 Kokkaido. In addition: Tyrma River at 14th rapids (Dokturovskii 487! ). Khabarovsk District. Valleys at right tributary of the Elbin River (I. Kuznetsov 1851). Vicinity of Nikolayevsk-on-Amur (Detyaev). Amgun River basin, Ili River (I. Kuznetsov No. 346!). The authors of the Species and Regel (1.c.) inaccurately record ''bracteae pedicellis triplo longiores,'' for the bracts are only slightly longer than the pedicel or even shorter, so that this character fails to separate var. genuina and Var. amurensis Regel. The specimens collected by Maximowicz, for example ''circa Alexandrowskoi,'' are in no way distinguished from the authentic specimens, but there are many Specimens from Ussuri and Amur which are intermediate between C. gigantea and C. macrantha, particularly in their corolla, which is over 20mm long but shorter than in C. macrantha, and also in their few-branched panicle; such specimens: Ussuri-Becken, Wai Fudin (Maximowicz). Ad Ussuri super. 15—27 Mai 1860 (Maximowicz), Suchan (Vasilev), Sedanka (Kozlov, No. 420), Tyrma River basin ( Dokturovskii, No. 1937). Iaccept these as var. amurensis Rgl. Thus the conception of var. amurensis will vary slightly as compared with the Regel specimen, but even so, it is partly based on specimens cited by Regel, notably those of Maximowicz mentioned above. 37. C.redowskii Fedde in Repert. sp. nov. (1912) 508.—C. redowskii var. Tilin'gii Fedde, 1.c.—C. paeoniifolia Bush, Fl. Sib. i Dal'n. Vost. “es 7 (pip. )s Perennial, low plant, 25—40cm high; stem upright, almost not branching, with 2 or 3 leaves, yellowish, glossy; lower cauline leaf borne on middle of stem, short-petioled, the upper strongly reduced and simple, sessile; lower cauline leaf large, broad, bipinnatisect; segments large, alternate, petioled, pinnately dissected into short, broad lobes, these either entire or divided into 2—3 lobules of which the middle is larger; lobes and lobules — if present —entire, asymmetrical, ovate, obtuse, 1.5—3 cm long, glaucous beneath, green above; upper cauline leave usually ternate, with entire ovate segments. Raceme simple, on a stoutish peduncle, dense, cylindrical or slightly conical, 3—6 cm long more or less overtopping the leaves; bracts entire, herbaceous, rather large, acute, the lower ovate, the upper oblong or lanceolate, with violet tips; sepals small, 1—2 mm broad, scarious, angular- rounded, dentate; corolla pink-violet, 22—25mm long; limb of outer petals broad, ovate, obtuse, markedly longer than inner petals; lower petal convex-gibbose proximally; spur stout, more or less arcuately reflexed, obtuse, as long as or shorter than petals; peduncle somewhat shorter than bracts, upright; capsule pendulous, short, broad; style slender, long; stigma rectangular, with stigmatic verrucae at corners, and distal protuberance on upper side. May—July. 685 Shady, moist or swamp forests, and forest streams. —E. Siberia: Lena- Kol., Dau.;. Far East: Ze. -Bu., Uda, Uss., Okh. Endemic. Described from the vicinity of Okhotsk (not from Kamchatka, as Fedde maintains). Type in Berlin and Leningrad. Note. N.A. Bush does not separate this species from C. paeonii- folia Pers., to which it is in fact very closely related. Those characters by which Fedde distinguishes his species from C. paeoniifolia, in particular, the smaller (ca. 15mm) flowers and larger pectinate outer petals, appear to be immaterial and fortuitous. In my opinion, the features distinguishing C. redowskii,from C. paeoniifolia, are: 1) simple dense racemes, broader bracts, spurs in the mature flowers more reflexed and not more erect than in C. paeoniifolia,as stated by Fedde. Thus conceived, C. redowski is quite distinct from C. gigantea and C. macrantha. 38. C.paeoniifolia (Steph.) Pers., Syn. II (1807) 269; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 102; Bush, Fl. Sib. i Dal'n. Vost. I, 37 (p.p.). —-Fumaria paeoniae- folia Steph. in Willd:, Sp. pl. ML. 2 (1800) 859.—Ic.; Gmel., Fl. sib: sil; tab. 34. Perennial, somewhat taller than C. redowskii, 30—60cm high; leaf lobes and lobules slightly narrower than C. redowSkii, short-acuminate; raceme branching, with 2 or 3 branches; peduncles long, slender; terminal raceme loose; bracts oblong or lanceolate, elongated; spur suberect; limbs of outer petals narrower, distinctly acute. E. Siberia: Lena-Kol. (system of the Lena River, Tarynurie, Khandyga tributary, Rysi village, Gilyui River basin), Dau. (Argun); Far, Bast: 4e..5 Bur. (source of the Alemutnochi River). Described from the Lena River. Type in Berlin. Note. The real C. paeoniifolia, described by Stephanas Fumaria paeoniaefolia, has the characters described above, i.e., characters intermediate between €. redowskii and ©. sigantea. Injvseneralat can be distinguished from C. gigantea and var. amurensis only by its upwardly curved spur, the flower bud, andthe bracts. The gap between C. red - owskii and C. paeoniifolia is filled by transitional forms between these very close species. Suchtransitions are especially frequent in Amur, for example at the divide between Shilka and Chernyi Uryum, the Zeya River basin, and the Unakhe River basin. — All considered, the entire section Archaeocapnos forms an intricate complex which requires more careful study. C.scouleri Hook, closely allied to C. gigantea, grows in North America. Section 7. CALOCAPNOS Spach, Veget. phan. VII(1839) 72—73 (as a genus)— Capnogorium Bernh. Ind. Sem. horti Erfurt. (1841); Endlicher Gen. suppl. 107. — Perennials, root cylindrical, branching, fibrous; radical leaves few, pinnate; corolla yellow; stigma various, fruit a dehiscent capsule. Very heterogeneous group, which requires furthermost division, the type of which is C. nobilis Pers. 524 686 10. Seeds without caruncle. Radical leaves few. Shade plant of forests, 30—60 cm high, with large, broad, bipinnatisect leaves. Segments 3—7- Pee eee eerie CMOPUS ae We ee ge te ee es ee es ee re ees 39. S.semenovii Rgl. et Schmalh. Seeds with caruncle. Plant of open habitats, often xerophilous..... 2 Spur slightly shorter than or as long as petals, 8—10-(—12) mm long Spur short, saccate, 2—6 mm long, distinctly shorter than petals. Lower part of petioles usually preserved from preceding year. Reromanouls plants of TOockSs and Stony SIOPES (fF. .°- 8... ee we se By Blade of radical leaves large, 15—20cm long, 10—15cm broad; bracts, at least the lower, dissected, leaf-shaped, larger, plants 60cm high. Bee ae aeatas se ees erat ws ee es 40. C. nobilis (L. ) Pers. Blades of radical leaves much smaller. Plants smaller, 40cm high, thinner. From Dzungarian Ala-Tau to the Pamir-Alai ........ 4. Petals without fimbriate margin. Petioles soft, not preserved. Bracts herbaceous, the lower pinnatisect. Alpine or subalpine plant. perics Moorcroftianae m. <5... 41. C. gortschakovii Schrenk. Petals with long-fimbriate margins. Petioles rigid, preserved. Bracts linear-filiform, nearly scarious, ciliate ------+-+++-+-+++; enn, ee eS oe, ea ee nee se ese 42. C.fimbrillifera Korsch. Stems leafless, not longer than radical leaves. Capsules broad, oblong, 5mm broad. Caruncle spongy, mushroom-shaped. Sepals very large, up tol12mm long. Series Rupestres m. (C: rupes- Vege Boise: ceky. sl lye or are. 51. C.macrocalyx Litw. Stems leafy, cauline leaves generally longer than radical leaves. Capsules linear, ca.2—3 mm broad. Caruncle smooth, hat-shaped (corymbiform). Series Strictae m. (C.stricta Steph., sl.1.).. oSo. & 8) lopovtaedthd gpeeybeuieseenttnbeiite) orkid tetile deren cmartie ieee. yeaah lt ier ial eh ca en eet Hie 6. Xerophilous rock plants, often with remains of previous year's petioles. Stems rounded, scarcely sulcate........--..-+.--.-. 9. High-mountain plants without remains of previous year's petioles. suannes acute-ameled and ‘Ssulcate 2 ee ee vip Stems taller, with numerous leaves, 40cm high. Capsules broader, ara rosa. §«Bracts linear Pes «os we byt ek ee ee fe Stems 10—15cm tall, with 1 or 2 small leaves. Capsules only 2mm Pees, tiiear, OractS Ovate . 9... ee 44. C.transalaica M. Pop. Stems unbranched or slightly branched. Leaf segments subsessile =e chk cnet cS NMAC AT te AE te Te ar ir sari eke 43. C. stricta Steph. Stems strongly branching. Leaves broad; segments long-petioled, EE aint oe dee sien 2 ts oo tg Sur 50. C. pseudostricta M. Pop. Inflorescence paniculate. Racemes elongated. Pedicels slender, long, 5—20mm; sepals minute ....... ee ee ey ee es Wag ie haa A 47. C.paniculigera Rgl.et Schmalh. Inflorescence often branching below but not paniculate. Pedicels SUMMER STAT nee sa oye oh ee ee ee wa Soe ea 1D), Leaves 2—3-sect. Sepals minute,ca.1mm long. tHacemes dense. Pedicels abruptly divergent, to 5mm. Corolla smaller, ca.15mm.. nt Se Seek ae ae eee ee oe ee 49. C.pseudoadunca M. Pop. 525 + Leaves fleshy, stout, simply dissected into broad lobate segments or twice dissected but then raceme loose ........+++--++e-++es Lali. 11. Raceme reduced, contracted. Sepals ca.3mm long. Bracts short- ovate. Low plants; 10—20,.em high. ... ... = - 48. C.kaschgarica Rupr. ar Raceme elongated, with remote flowers. Sepals 1—2mm long .... 12. 12. Stems 15—25cm high. Bracts ovate, short; lower bracts or all bracts herbaceous) caer crn set oie 46. C.schelesnowiana Rel. et Schmalh. at Stems up to 50cm tall. Bracts lanceolate..... 45. C.bucharica M. Pop. Gey 39. C.semenovii Rgl. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXVII, 1 (1863) 407.— Tezs Relic.) Wares.) stabs she guioig oO Oe Perennial; stems upright, 30—60cm tall, rather stout, rounded-angled, with small slender branchlets in axils of leaves, leaves abundant; cauline leaves of the shade type, large, the lower ones with flattish, winged petioles, 5 cm long, the upper cauline subsessile; blades very large, 15—25 (-35 ?)cem long in lower leaves, broadly triangular-ovate in outline, pinnatisect, with 7-15 segments (3—7 pairs); segments alternate, elongated, on slender conspicuous petioles (1 cm long), pinnately dissected into alternate, strong (1—2 cm long) sessile or short-petioled, oblique, broadly ovate, ovate or oblong, large-toothed lobes; teeth or lobes obtuse, with an awnlike mucro or acuminate; midrib of segments and leaves thin; lobes thin, sometimes scarious. Raceme simple, cylindrical-capitate, 3—5 cm long, with short basal branches, compact, flowers approached, pedicels short, 3-4mm, recurved; bracts linear, elongated, longer than pedicels, scarious, sometimes denticulate; sepals ovate-oblong, scarious, 2.3mm long, denticulate, acute; corolla white, ca. 15 mm long, outer petals with narrow limb, obscurely crenate-dentate distally, with short mucro; spur short, ca. 2 mm long, obtuse; capsules pendulous or spreading, linear, 15—20 mm long, 2—3 mm broad, flat, with slender valves, and thin, with long attenuate flat beak, inconspicuously passing into a style; stigma tiny, 2-lobed; seeds black, glossy, faintly punctate, without caruncle. July. Spruce forests, 1,500—3,000 m.— Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb. (Dzhungarian Ala-Tau, southern part, along the Ili River), T. Sh. (often). Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash. (T.Sh.). Described from Trans-Ili Ala-Tau (Kurmekty Pass, 1,500m, Semenov). Type in Leningrad. Note. Inhabit somewhat resembling C.nobilis Pers. but leaf lobes broader; spur short, and seed without caruncle. Since the root system and radical leaves are unknown and the stigma is very unique, the position of this species remains very vague. It probably represents an independent section. 40. C.nobilis (L.) Pers., Syn. II (1807) 268; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 102; Bush, Pl. Sib. i Dal'n. Vost. 1,68; Kryl., Hl.. Zap. Sib. wie 24a Fumaria nobilis L., Syst. Nat., ed. XII (1767) 469.— Calocapnos nobilis Spach, Végét. phan. VII (1839) 73.—Ic.: Jacq., Hort. Vind. tab. ING) Shas oH OtamViacs italocel! Jo). 526 688 691 Perennial; rootstock stout, long, branching; root crown covered with scales, rudimentary leaves and corolla of decayed radical leaves; radical leaves large, long-petioled, almost as long as stem; oetioles thick, soft, sulcate like the stem, longer than the blades; blades short, broad, 15—20 cm long, 10—15 cm broad, tripinnatisect; segments elongated, long-petioled, with separate lobes; lobes short-petioled, alternate, ovate or flabelliform, cuneate, biternately dissected into oblong-linear or oblong obtuse, rarely acute, lobules; blade delicate, scarious or rigid; stems upright, soft, 60cm high, without squamiform leaves below, leafy in upper half; cauline leaves short-petioled, similar to the radical but smaller; bracts similar to upper leaves, lower bracts cuneate, dissected, the upper scarious, entire or dentate, rarely all incised-dentate (var.odontophylla DC. Syst. II (1821) 122). Raceme short, compact, subcapitate when young; pedicels slender, fruiting pedicels 6—17mmlong; sepals ovate, dentate, ca.2 mm long; corolla 20—22 mm long, yellow, with orange-yellow limb, inner petals dark violet at apex; spur erect, slightly inflexed distally, obtuse, ca. 10 mm long; capsules oblong or elliptic, 10—20 mm long, 5—7 mm broad, on horizontal or drooping pedicels; style 3—6 mmlong; seeds black, glossy, ca.2 mm across; caruncle scarious, narrow, extending over about half the circum- ference of the seed. April—May. Shrubs, rocks, stony slopes, and shady ravines. — W. Siberia: Alt.; @Gentcr. Asia: DzZu.-Tarb. (Tarbagatai, Saur). Endemic. Described from Altai. Type in London. 41. C.gortschakovii Schrenk, Enum. pl. nov. I (1841) 100; Ldb., Fl. Ross. 746. — le.> Gartenflora XXXIV, tab. 1lhese Perennial; underground rootstock branching, with rather slender branches; stem base encircled by short scarious gray-brown scales, without persistent petioles; stems simple, rather stout, 5—-40cm high, delicately sulcate; radical leaves with rather stout petioles, usually somewhat shorter than the blades; blade oblong, bi-, nearly tripinnatisect, rather soft, green or glaucescent; 4—5 pairs of segments short-petioled, rather approached, ovate, pinnatisect into approached, obovate, pinnately incised or dentate lobes; lobules linear-oblong or oblong, acute or obtuse; cauline leaves 1 or 2, similar to the radical, with shorter petioles. Raceme simple, rarely (in very strong specimens) branching, rather compact, spicate-cylindrical with numerous approximate flowers when young; bracts herbaceous, pinnati- sect, large, with linear segments, the upper entire, elongate-linear, all segments longer than pedicels; pedicels slender, rather long, pendulous or arcuate, up to 20mm; sepals small, less than 1 mm across, scarious, dentate; corolla orange-yellow, 20—25 mm long, broad; outer petals with broad limb scarcely notched at apex; lower petal with large, saccate basal extension; spur broad, obtuse, erect or slightly inflexed, as long as petals; capsules pendulous, oblong, 10—15 mm broad, acute; style slender, long; stigma entire, disklike with 2 caudate appendages below. July— September. Alpine and subalpine meadows, glades, sometimes stony slopes near patches of melting snow, 2,100—3,600 m.— Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb. (Dzhungarian Ala-Tau), T.Sh., Pam.-Al. Endemic. Described from Dzhungarian Ala-Tau. Type in Leningrad. 327 (689) PLATE XLIV. 1. Corydalis ochotensis Turcz. (in left upper angle).— 2. C.raddeana Rgl.— 3. C.macrocalyx Litw.— 4. C.paniculigera Rgl. et Schmalh.— 5. C.tenella Kar. et Kir.— 6. C.pseudoadunca M.Pop.— 7. C.macrantha (Regl.) M. Pop. 528 192 Note. The Himalayan species C. moorcroftiana Wall. and C. govaniana Wall. are very close to C. gortschakovii; according to Prain, the former is presumably identical with the Russian species. The plants from southern Tadzhikistan (upper reaches of the Zeravshan, Gornaya Bukhara, Pamirs) are distinguished from the Tien Shan plants (type) by: 1) scabrous bracts, 2) more crowded leaf lobes, 3) smaller corolla lacking the basal tubercle of the lower petal, and 4) frequently ovate sepals. However, I am not advocating their recognition as a separate species. 42. (C.fimbrillifera Korsh. in Bull. Acad. Sc. Petersb. ser. V, XI (12pe) 424..— 1e.: Korsh,,- l..c.. tabs. 1. Perennial; root multicipital, forming tufts; crowns covered with remnants of erect petiole bases of the previous year; stems 20—30cm high, slender, large, erect or slightly ascending, finely sulcate, not faceted, radical leaves one-half to one-third the length of the stem, with slender petioles; blade broad; ovate or oblong, bi-, nearly tripinnatisect; segments and lobes with slender petioles, segments 2—3 pairs, rather remote, lobes incised into 2—4 oblong, small, obtuse lobules; leaves glaucous, slightly fleshy. Raceme short, rather dense, capitate when young, branching below; lower branches in axils of reduced leaves, bracts linear-filiform, nearly scarious, as long as or slightly shorier than the pedicels, ciliate-margined; pedicels slender, filiform, 8—15 mm; sepals oblong, ciliate, produced into a filiform point, with point 5—6mm long; corolla yellow, arcuate, narrow, 15—20 mm long; outer petals long-fimbriate, especially distally, produced into a ca.2 mm long subulate point; spur slender, 8—9 mm long, almost as long as petal, abruptly recurved distally, obtuse; capsules divergent, apparently 20—25 mm long, 23 mm broad, slightly flexuous; style long. July— August. Stony slopes and rocks.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. (Shugnan, Shakh-Dare River, Bagu Pass, at the lower reaches of the Murghab River). Endemic. Described from the Shakh-Dare River in Shugnan. Type in Leningrad. Note. Certainly belongs to the same group of xerophilous chasmophyte species of Corydalis, which includes C. stricta, C.adunca, C.kaschgarica,etc. Its leaves resemble those of C. pseudo- adunca m. and so do the racemes and the flowers, but the spur is longer and thinner, a character which is not encountered in any other species of the genus. In general, C. fimbrillifera represents in the group C. stricta, a similar and even more extreme anomaly,as C. macro- calyx does in the group C. rupestris. 43°C. stricta Steph. in. DC., Syst. II (1821)123; Ldb., Fl. Ross. |, Pes Guish. oid. 1 Dal'n. Vost..L, (0; Kryl:, El. Zap. Sib.. V1, 1243.— lceeldb. IaehlwRoss.-tab..90; cbush)l..C.,..0). Perennial; root thick, branching, multicipital, crowns covered with brown scales, remnants of decayed petioles; stems 20—40 cm high, slender or stout, faceted-sulcate, glaucescent or glaucous, few-branched, with rather abundant leaves; leaves glaucous, with rather narrow, oblong blade, tri-pinnatisect, the 4—5 pairs of segments remote (especially the lower); segments short- petioled or subsessile, pinnately dissected into ovate or obovate, sessile lobes in turn pinnately or palmately cleft into linear-oblong or oblong, 529 obtuse, small, fleshy lobules; petioles thick, large, sulcate, petioles of radical leaves as long as blade, in cauline leaves petioles shorter; cauline leaves well-developed, rather numerous, gradually becoming reduced acropetally. Raceme simple, crowded in strong specimens branching at base, 2—10cm long; bracts narrow, long, usually linear, the lower slightly herbaceous, the upper scarious, sometimes dentate (in var. potanini Fedde — broader); pedicels short, 2—5 mm long, in fruit recurved, usually shorter than bracts; sepals scarious, oblong, dentate, acute, 3—4 mm long; corolla broad, yellow, ca.17mm long; outer petals undulate-dentate distally, dark (violet) at apex, with sharp mucro, 0.7—1.0 mm long; spur short, saccate, 2-3 mm long; capsules pendulous, oblong-linear, 15—20 mm long, ca. 3-4 mm broad, acute; styles 5mm long; stigma triangular -bifid, with small lateral protuberances at lower corners; seeds black, very glossy, faintly punctate, 1.5—2 mm long; caruncle small, flat-hat-shaped, appressed to seed. May-—July. Stony slopes and clayey-solonetz places. — W. Siberia: Alt.; Centr. Asia: T.Sh., Pam.-Al. (Pamirs). Gen.distr.: Mong., Tib. Described from Altais) dye: in Geneva gee 44, C.transalaica M. Pop. sp. nova in Addenda VI, p. 580. Perennial low-growing plant, 10-15 cm high, apparently forming tufts; base of shoots covered with light brown scales; radical leaves 5—8 cm long, with rather stout, large, angular petioles; blade longer or shorter than petioles, ovate-oblong, nearly thrice dissected; segments 3—4 pairs, the lower much reduced, short-petioled, often dissected into small lobes cleft into oblong-linear congested, stoutish, glaucous lobules; cauline leaves 1 or 2, strongly reduced; stems robust, large, sulcate, simple or slightly branched. Racemes simple, dense, short, many-flowered; 3—4cm long, bracts nearly scarious, oblong-ovate, rather short, dentate-fimbriate, filiform-mucronate; pedicels rather short, ca. 3mm long, thick, abruptly recurved; sepals scarious, oblong-ovate, fimbriate, acute, ca. 3mm long; corolla yellow, narrow, ca.15 mm long; outer petals dentate, as if short- fringed, with hamately curved mucro, 1—1.5 mm long; spur short, saccate, obtuse, ca. 3mm long; capsules linear, slightly flexuous, pendulous, 10-15 mm long, 2mm broad, acute; styles slender, long; seeds 1.7mm across, black, quite smooth, very glossy; caruncle tiny, flat-pileiform, firmly adjacent to seed. July. Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. (Trans-Alai Range, in the Muksu River valley below Altyn-Mazara, 2 VII 1904, B.A. Fedchenko). Endemic. Described from the Muksu River. Type in Leningrad. Note. Very close to C.stricta Steph., from which it is distinguished by small growth, few-leafed stem, broader bracts, more dentate petals, and narrow capsules. Could it not represent its alpine form? 45. C.bucharica M. Pop., sp. nova in Addenda VI, p.581. Perennial; root robust, multicipital; crowns covered with brown scales and the decayed remnants of the previous year's petioles; stems to 50cm high, upright, firm, orbicular, slightly thin-sulcate, strongly branching; radical leaves with long, slender petioles; blade broad, with strongly divergent, petioled segments; segments ovate, once or twice pinnatisect into rather broad, flabelliform or cuneatly obovate, obtuse, often mucronate 530 94 lobules; cauline leaves short-petioled,with fewer, less dissected segments. Racemes branching, rarely simple, and then lower branches with 2 or 3 flowers; flowers ca.5 mm long, slender, firm, upright; bracts lanceolate, entire, the lower glaucous, herbaceous, the upper scarious, sometimes slightly denticulate; sepals small, ca.2 mm long, scarious, dentate, caudate -acuminate; corolla orange-yellow, narrow, 15—18 mm long; outer petals violet, entire, with small limb, short-mucronate; spur slender, arcuate or suberect, more robust, obtuse, 3-5 mm long; capsules oblong- linear, slightly flexuous when young, acute,upright or spreading, 10—15 (-25)mm long, 2—3 mm broad; stigma orbicular-triangular, bifid, without lateral protuberances at lower angles; seeds black, glossy, ca.2 mm long; caruncle sessile, flat-hat-shaped, minute. May-—July. Red sand slopes in central mountain zone.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. Endemic. Described from Bukhara. Type in Leningrad. 46. C.schelesnowiana Rgl. et Schmalh., Descrip. pl. nov. Fedtschenko lect. in Izv. Ob-va Lyub. Est., Antr. i Etn. XXXIV, 2 (1882) 4. Perennial, forming small tufts; crowns with a few scales and remnants of petioles; stems robust, yellowish, 15—25 cm high; leaves fleshy, nearly pinnate, rarely pinnatisect; segments weakly lobed, obovate, with orbicular obtuse lobes or cleft into obtuse, cuneate lobules. Racemes elongated but dense, sometimes branching below; bracts short, ovate, the lower (sometimes all) herbaceous, the upper often scarious; pedicels very short, the lower 5mm, the upper 1—3 mm; sepals minute, ca.1 mm long; corolla narrow, curved, yellow; spur 4—6mm long. Distinguished from C.paniculigera by broad leaf segments, narrow racemes with subsessile flowers, and ovate bracts. From C.kaschgarica, which has similar leaves, it is distinguished by elongated racemes and tiny sepals. Lastly, from C.bucharica, its closest relative, it is distinguished by its narrower growth and ovate bracts. June-— July. Rocks, 900—2,200 m. — Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. (species confined to northern slope of the Turkestan Range). Endemic. Described from the Basmandinskoe Pass. Type in Leningrad. Note. Korshinsky, disagreeing with Prain, united C.schelesnoviana with C.adunca Maxim. The difference is not only that the leaves of C.schelesnoviana are pinnate and those of C.adunca bi-—tripinnate but, moreover, the lobules of C.schelesnoviana are larger, fleshy, and glaucous, the inflorescence branching and not simple, the capsules slightly flexuous and not erect, strongly spreading and not upright, and the flowers narrower than in C.adunca. C.adunca grows in Kansu, Mongolia, and in Northern China. The complex group of very closely allied species, which includes C. kaschgarica,C.schelesnowiana, C.bucharica, C.pseudoadunca, C.paniculigera, and C.chamiensis m., extends throughout Tien Shan, from Bogdo Ola (Hami province, Nanshang Kou pass) in the north in Pamir-Alai to Gilgit. If this group is merged into one species — an operation for which there is some basis — then it should be called C.kaschgarica (1869), the earliest name referring to it. — The closely related species C.flabellata Edgew. and adianthifolia Hook. et Thoms. grow in Karakorum and the Eastern Himalayas. 531 696 47, C.paniculigera Rgl. et Schmalh., Descript. pl. nov. Fedtschenko lect. in Izv. Obshch. Lyub. Est. Antr. i Etn. XXXIV, 2 (1882) 3. Perennial, forming large tufts; stem base and crowns of the much branched roots densely covered with decayed petioles; stems rather tall but thin, with thin delicate branches; leaves glaucous, strongly dissected resembling the leaves of Ruta graveolens L.; segments pinnatisect into small, oblong, acute lobes. Racemes terminal, elongated, loose, branching proximally; lower branches in axils of cauline leaves, bearing 2 or 3, rarely 5—7 flowers; sometimes raceme simple; pedicels thin, rather long,5—20 mm; bracts linear-lanceolate, scarious, entire, shorter than the pedicels; sepals minute, scarious, dentate; flowers broader; spur short, ca.4mm, obtuse. June. (Plate XLIV, Figure 4). Rocks, central mountain zone. — Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. (Alai Range, mountain pass near Shakhimardan, between Karakuzuk and Shakhimardan; Kul-Kutban Lake, Akbura River), T. Sh. Endemic. Described from the Alai Range (between Karakuzuk and Shakhimardan). Type in Leningrad. Note. Var. latiloba m. conforms to the type, but has broad lobes, similar to those of C.kaschgarica and C.schelesnowiana. Alai Range: Kichik-Alai valley, Gatya River; Tien Shan: Uch-Kul River valley. 48. C.kaschgarica Rupr. in Mém. Acad. Sc. Pétersb. XIV no. 4 (1869) 38. Perennial; stems lower, 10—20cm high, slightly stouter and more compact; leaves broader, with few dissected segments; lobes rounded-obtuse or obtuse, ovate, fleshy. Raceme short, crowded, branching proximally but often simple; pedicels thicker, usually ca.5 mm; bracts short-ovate, scarious-margined, rarely herbaceous; sepals ca. 3mm long, conspicuous, ciliate-dentate; long-acuminate. Corolla as in C.schelesnowiana. JIMS IU. Rock crevices. — Centr. Asia: T.Sh. (Near Bedel mountain pass). Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash. Described from the southern slope of Tien Shan in Teshiktash-Karaul. Type in Leningrad. Note. In Fergana (Pamir-Alai area) there occur specimens transitional between C.paniculigera and C.kaschgarica. Their flowers are longer than those of C. kaschgarica but differ from those of C. panicu - ligera bytheir broader lobules, and rather shortracemes. Such specimens are from Maili-Sary-bie (Kushakevich, 2 VI11878). Between Iordan and Karakauz (O. Fedtschenko, 9 VII1871. One ofthe authentic specimens of C. paniculi- gera); near the Kara-Kazyk-Davan Pass (Skornyakov, 28 VI 1878). 49, C.pseudoadunca M. Pop. sp. nova in Addenda VI, p. 582. — C.adunca Korsh. in Bull. Ac. Petersb. ser. V, vol. IX, 405 (non Maxim). Perennial, apparently not forming tufts, and with crowns less covered with decayed petioles; stems 20—40cm high, rather stout, firm, more rounded, finely sulcate; leaves slender, nearly tripinnatisect, with small, oblong lobules; blades broad; segments petioled; lobes sessile, resembling C.adunca but slightly broader. Racemes basally branching 532 or simple, rather long but with crowded flowers; bracts linear-lanceolate, scarious, short; pedicels of medium-length, ca. 5 mm, slender, fruiting pedicels strongly patent; sepals minute, ca. 1mm long, scarious, dentate; corolla ca.15 mm long; outer petals nearly without mucro; spur short, 3—4 mm long, suberect, obtuse; capsules nearly pendulous, long, narrow, to 25 mm long, 2mm broad.— Distinguished from C.paniculigera, the leaves of which are similar — by the compact raceme; segments petioled and more dissected; lobules smaller; tufts apparently smaller than those of C.paniculigera. June—July. (Plate XLIV, Figure 6). Stony slopes. — Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. (Alai Range in the Taldyk-Su River, Sufi-Kurgan, Ol'gin Lug, between Sufi-Kurgan and Ak-Bosaga, northern road, Taldyk Pass; Trans-Alai Range near the mouth of the Kyzyl-Su). Endemic. Described from Alai Range (Gulcha). Type in Leningrad. Mae, Lae mterpretation of Cladumea var. alai‘c'a~ Korsh. 1, ¢.; (natural boundary Tarosh, 10,000, on marly bluffs. Korshinsky 24 VI 1895), is doubtful as the type specimens are badly damaged. On the strength of the preserved leaves one might accept it as a distinct small species with three leaves nearly four-times dissected into linear lobules; leaves are Similar to those of the Umbelliferae; inflorescence and flowers unknown. Close to C.stricta but leaves broader, segments long-petioled, lobules larger and not so crowded, bracts broad, sepals small, capsules narrower and less pendulous, plant branching throughout. 50. C.pseudostricta M. Pop. sp. nova in Addenda VI, p. 581. Perennial; stems numerous, sharply faceted-sulcate, as in C.stricta, 30—60 cm high, strongly branching almost from base; leaves glaucous, with broad blade, with compact faceted petioles; blade bi- nearly tri- pinnatisect; the 4—5 pairs of segments separated but not overlapping, long- petioled, lobes sessile, cuneate, spreading, not overlapping, palmately dissected or incised into 2—3 short, oblong-linear or slightly cuneate, entire or dentate, acute lobules. Racemes terminal on stem and branches, capitate at first, becoming elongated, most often simple, rarely branching, lower flowers caducous, sterile; pedicels short, upright, simple, not longer than 5mm; bracts linear, scarious, the lower slightly shorter, the upper longer than the pedicels; sepals oblong-lanceolate, slightly dentate, long- acuminate, ca.4mm long; corolla yellow, ca.18 mm long, slightly curved; outer petals with 1—1.5 mm long mucro, spur short, ca. 3mm long, saccate, obtuse, slightly pendent; capsules linear, patent-pendulous, presumably to 20 mm long, 2—3 mm broad, acute. June. Red sand rocks, ca. 2,000 m.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. (spurs of the Gissar Range, near Tash-Kurgan village, M. G. Popov, 1136—40, 1073—76). Endemic. Described from Tash-Kurgan. Type in Tashkent and Leningrad. Note. Apparently very similar specimens from Turkestan Range are inadequate: northern slope, slates near Auchi village, Drobov, 1927, No. 133; Sary-Tenga Pass near Auchi, Knorring, 1913, No. 493—492; to the north of Tagiz village near the Bargan Pass, Knorring, 1913, No. 433.— This species is very close to C.stricta Steph., on the one hand, and to C.bucharica, on the other. From the former it is distinguished by broader leaves with remote segments and lobes, a very profusely branching stem, and very loose 698 raceme; from the latter it is distinguished by a much more sharply faceted stem (as in C.stricta) more dissected leaves, and larger sepals. 51. C.macrocalyx Litw. in Trav. Mus. Bot. Ac. Pétersb. I (1902) BO= 31. xs.) RUE en On aac Perennial; root stout, long, multicipital, the plants forming cushions; short branches of underground rootstock covered with old squamiform petiole leaves; radical leaves in bundles, to 15cm high; petioles thin, weak, gradually thickening only at base, triangular, whitish (this part of the petioles preserved); blades green or slightly glaucescent, oblong, ca.9—6 cm long, ca. 2 cm broad, usually much shorter than petioles, bipinnatisect; segments short, with approximate, sessile lobes; lobes dissected into linear or spatulate-linear, small, obtuse, stoutish lobules; stems leafless, shorter than leaves or as long in fruit, rather thin and weak. Raceme short, capitate at first; bracts scarious, oblong, entire, slightly boat-shaped, acute, 10—15 mm long; pedicels thin; peduncles to 10 mm long and then patent or recurved; sepals very large, ca. 12 mm long, thinly scarious, boat-shaped, acute, resembling the bracts, margin scarious, slightly dentate; corolla yellow, ca. 16—20 mm long, broad, outer petals with large broad limb, markedly overlapping the narrow inner petals; spur very short, 2—3 mm long, saccate, erect; capsules oblong or lanceolate, flat, 1O—25 mm long, 5mm broad, patent; style 8mm long, triangular -hastate, bifid; seeds black, dimly-glossy (due to punctulation), ca.1.5mm long; caruncle flattened-capitate, mushroom-shaped, sessile, spongy-pitted. June. (Plate XLIV, Figure 3). Limestone rocks, rare.— Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. (Kopet Dagh, Karanki and Firyuza mountain passes). Endemic. Described from Karanki pass. Type in Leningrad. Note. C.macrocalyx is referred to the polymorphic species group C.rupestris Boiss. et Ky., distributed in the mountains of Iran, Baluchistan, and, probably, Afghanistan. It is distinguished from all other representatives of this group by the very large sepals exceptional in this genus. Thecycle most closely relatedtotheC.rupestris—macrocalyx eycle.is the group.C.stricta—C.adunca>C.kaschpari Cay themmecn distinguished from the second by leafless stems, broad capsules, and a spongy -dentate, not flattened, pileiform, corymbiform smooth caruncle. Section 8. OOCAPNOS M. Pop.— Root and leaves like Calocapnos but corolla white-violet and capsules bladdery -inflated, indehiscent. — Two species: Cifedtschenkoana in Central Asia; Cicrasisitolrs in the Himalayas. 52. C.fedtschenkoana Rgl. in Rgl. et Schmalh., Descrip. pl. nov. Fedtschenko lect. in Isv. Ob-va Lyub. Est., Antr. i Etnogr. XXXIV, 2 (1882) 3; Lipsky in A.H. P. XXIII, 18.— Ic.: Lipsky, l.c., tab. 1; Fedchenko, Rast. Turk., 427. Perennial; root not stout, vertical, fibrous, branching; root crown surrounded by large, scarious, blackish brown sheath; radical leaves few, with rather large, stout, basally much broadened petioles, usually shorter 534 than blade; blades glaucous, fleshy-stoutish, oblong, 10—20 cm long, bi- pinnatisect; segments alternate, crowded on stout, flat rachis, nearly pectinate, sessile, pectinately dissected into small, ovate, strong-toothed or pinnately incised lobes; teeth or lobules ovate, obtuse or with prickly mucro; stem usually shorter than leaves, 10—15 cm tall, flexuously ascending, in upper part with 1—3 reduced, pinnate leaves resembling single segment of radical leaf and not overtopping inflorescence. Raceme simple, dense, short, capitate, barely elongating in fruit; lower bracts herbaceous, cuneate, incised, the upper entire, subscarious, oblong or lanceolate, shorter than inflorescence; inflorescence declinate, thin, 10—15 mm long; sepals scarious, 2—3 mm long, incised-dentate; corolla whitish, petals with violet apical spot, ca.20 mm long, rather stout; lip of outer petals rounded-ovate, with small mucro, slightly longer than inner petals; lower petals convex-gibbous beneath; spur erect, slightly curved basally,obtuse or convex-obtuse,one-half to twice as long as the length of the petals; capsules upright, globular or oval-globular,large,inflated, 20—35 mm indiameter, with scarious, often violet net-veined walls, terminating ina slender style; stigma disklike, verrucous-dentate; seeds brown, ca.2 mm long, angular; caruncle small, hat-shaped, adhering to seed, scarious, fimbriate-dentate. July—September. Damp, black slate rock streams in the alpine zone, 2,700—3,900 m. — Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (W.and C.T.Sh.), Pam.-Al. Endemic. Described from Fergana. Type in Leningrad. Section 9. OREOCAPNOS M. Pop. — Rootstock very short, producing bundles of strong adventitious roots, its tip bearing large (to 15 mm long) triangular, scalelike bracts, the outer of which are scarious, bladeless, the inner fleshy, terminating with radical leaves [sic!]; stems emerge from axils of scales. Small, inconspicuous herbs, with small flowers and ternate leaves. 53. C.inconspicua Bge. in Ldb., Fl. Ross. I (1842) 104; Bush, Fl. Ssibsd-Dal'n:” Vost. 1) 50; °Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib.’ VI, 1247.— Ie.: Bush, ye rues Perennial; stems 4—8 cm tall, slender, delicate, white below, branchless, creeping among stones; radical leaves longer than or as long as stem; petioles long, slender, longer than blade; blade small, twice ternate, segments approached, short-petioled, pinnately dissected nearly to base into 2—3 obovate lobes which in turn are incised into 2—3 linear -oblong, obtuse, overlapping lobules; cauline leaves usuall 2 or 3: one or none at middle of stem and two towards inflorescence; cauline leaves short-petioled, the upper subsessile, smaller, less dissected than the radical leaves; all leaves glaucous, slightly fleshy, with small blue points beneath; bracts entire, oblong-spatulate, barely longer than inflorescence, with blue points; lower bracts sometimes similar to terminal leaf; sepals minute, 0.5mm broad, scalelike. Corolla ca. 12mm long, pink, spur as well as lower side sometimes yellowish; line of outer petals small, acute; lower outer petals inflated but without gibbosity and quite without spur; spur two-thirds the length of petals, rather thin, obtuse, slightly reflexed; capsules pendulous, small narrowly elliptic, acute, 10 mmlong, 3 mm broad, on erect 5-7 mm long 535 pedicels; style 1—1.5 mm long, slender; stigma obcordate, angular below, not verrucose-dentate margined, with stigmatic tissue all along the margin. July. Stony taluses in the alpine zone.— W. Siberia: Alt. (along Chuya River); E. Siberia: Ang.-Say. (Sayans). Gen.distr.: Mong. Described from the Altai Mountains, Chuya River region. Type in Leningrad. (0054, C. tenella Kar. et Kir. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XV, 1 (1842) | 143; Ldb.,Fl.Ross.1,.140. —-C.kareliniana,.Pritzel in. Walpahepesiz bot. Il (1843) 750. Perennial, very similar to C.inconspicua in all characters, but | distinguished from it as follows: plant slightly larger, 5—l5cm tall; leaves | usually with entire lobes, broader thanin C.inconspicua; bracts and pedicels longer; peduncles markedly longer than bracts, up to 15 mm; | corolla ca.15mm [in diameter] consistently pink-violet; spur nearly as long | as petals; capsules narrower,ca.2mm broad. June-July. (Plate XLIV, Figure 5). Alpine zone among stones, rare. — Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb. (Dzungarian Ala-Tau), T.Sh. (Centr. T.Sh.), Pam.-Al. (Turkestan Range). Endemic. Described from Dzungarian Ala-Tau. Type in Leningrad. Section 10. SOPHOROCAPNOS Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. (1841) 570. — Biennial plants with vertical root, tall stems, tripinnatisect leaves and large yellow flowers; capsules pendulous, elongated, beaded. 55. C.pallida Pers., Syn. II (1807) 270; Kom., Fl. Manchzh. II, 345; Bush, Fl. Sib. i Dal'n. Vost. I, 40.— C.speciosa Maxim. in Rgl., Gartenflora (1858) 250; Prim., Fl. Amur. (1859) 39 et 460.—C. wilfordi Rgl. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXIV, 3 (1861) 148.—C. maximowic- ziana Nakai in Bot. Mag. Tokyo XXXIII (1919) 51.—Ic.: Gartenflora, tab. 343; Bush, l.c.; Bot. Mag., tab. 6826, No. 1303. Biennial; root short, with numerous lateral roots; radical leaves ina rosette, drying up before flowering; stems 1—5 from one rosette, upright or ascending, green, rounded-angular, with several branches in upper part, rather densely leafy; lower leaves petioled, the upper sessile; segments alternate, 4—6 pairs, of which the lower strongly spreading, short-petioled, oblong, lobes sessile, remote, obliquely decurrent on segment rachis, ovate or oblong, pinnately incised into linear or oblong lobules or teeth, rarely subentire. Long raceme terminating the main stem moderately loose, as are also the reduced racemes which terminate the lateral branches; bracts entire or the lower slightly dentate, small, oblong or lanceolate, acuminate, about as long as pedicels; sepals small, ca.1mm, scarious, orbicular, with large broad teeth; corolla yellow, 17—23 mm long, rather stout; limb of outer petals large, rounded-ovate, obtuse; inner petals noticeably shorter than the outer; lower petal slightly convex; spur stout, suberect, inflated-obtuse distally, one and one-half times as long as petals; peduncles horizontal or even declinate, 5-10 mm slender; capsules slightly pendulous, linear, elongated, distinctly beaded, 20—30 mm long, ca.2 mm broad, erect or slightly arcuate, terminating in a long style; 701 stigma much broader than long, nearly 2-lobed, with 6 stigmatoid appendages, 536 102 seeds black, glossy, ca.2 mm across, with punctate edge; caruncle in the form of a scarious hood, firmly enveloping the ventral half of the seeds. April— June. Forest clearings, windbreaks, burned areas, forest edges, glades, stony taluses on open slopes, and gravels along streams and rivers.— Far East: Uda, Uss., Sakh. Gen.distr.: Jap.-Ch. Described from Japan. Note. Ifound no differences between the Soviet and the Japanese specimens, beyond a slightly shorter spur in the Soviet specimen, and I do not see sufficient reasons to separate C.speciosa Maxim. asa special species. Incidentally, 1 failed to find the name C.speciosa Willd., which prompted Nakai to change the name of the Soviet plant into C.maximowicziana; Nakai apparently accepted the name E-spectabilis for C.speciosa, The Soviet Far Eastern plant is rather polymorphous and Komarov and Bush have distinguished three varieties: var.typica Busch, with pale flowers and loose racemes; var.speciosa (Maxim.) Kom., with dense racemes and golden yellow corolla; var.ramosissima Kom., witha strongly branching decumbent stem, few-flowered racemes, and pale yellow flowers with white spurs. Section 11. GLAUCAE M. Pop.— Biennial plants; radical leaves pinnatisect; cauline leaves ternate; corolla yellow, medium-sized, with a short spur; capsules upright, long, siliquiform, narrowly linear. 56. C.sempervirens (L.) Pers., Syn. II (1807) 269; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. VI, 1241.— Fumaria sempervirens L., Sp. pl. (1753) 700.— F.glauca Curt., Bot. Mag. (1795) 179.— Corydalis glauca Pursh, Fl. bor.-amer. II (1814) 463.— Ic.: Curtis, l.c., tab. 179. Biennial; stem upright,30—50 cm high,branching; radical leaves pinnate - oblong and acute, or oblong and obtuse. Racemes at ends of branches reduced, few -flowered, in fruit oftenumbelliform, sometimes branching; bracts small, linear-lanceolate,acute,much shorter than the long upright pedicels; sepals large, to 2—3 mm ovate, acute, denticulate, scarious; corolla stout, suberect, ca.-15mm long; line of outer petals short, acute; inner petals witha broad, pteroid keel; spur short, one-third the length of the petals, obtuse; capsules linear, erect, siliquiform, 3.5cm long, 1.5—1.8mm broad; seeds scarcely 1 mmacross, punctulate; caruncle linear, appressed to seeds, extending along one-third of their circumference. Distinguished from all endemic Soviet species by its very long siliquiform, upright, umbelliform capsules. June—July. Weed, introduced by chance from N. America.— W. Siberia: Alt. (Altai Province, Barnaul County, in the neighborhood of Pavlovsk village, pine forest, felling area, Krylov,1.c.; specimens not seen). Gen. distr.: N.Am. Described from N. America. Type in London. Section 12. MICROCAPNOS M. Pop.— Annual or biennial plants, with thin, acutely ribbed or winged stem; leaves bi- or triternate, not pinnate; sepals small; crown small, yellow. Includes the Soviet species C. longipes DC.,as wellas C. filiformis Royle of the Himalayas and C.flavula (Raf.) DC. of North America. 537 703 1. Corolla small, shorter than10mm. Spur erect, nearly half the length OF the *PECLaAlS str ee acetate er Meta ee ee Na eee tse a fe en ete 2. + Corolla larger, 11—20mm long. Spur slightly shorter or as long as petals) reflessed rs emanate, vic) ee eta ae ete cnet teeta oe Tree ta eee ear 3.7 Dre Capsules linear, ca.2 mm broad, with 1 row of seeds. Lower petal not torulose at base. Lower bracts dissected........... | SE TRE eR Pn en eh ar eae Me ees he eh a eee eee 61. C.impatiens Fisch. ts Capsules oboblong, broadened distally, with 2 rows of seeds. Lower petal’ wath basal’ spurlike tubercles bracts entire” sise- l= le amememans Pea Sits te arial coh pier hi nainibe yittne Ses een Oe cate wal as feu gee 60. C. sibirica Pers. | 3. Flowers 11—13mm long. Racemes not overtopping leaf, few- 1 flowered. Lower bracts leaf-shaped, ternate. Peduncles long. | Capsule linear. ‘GCaruncle conical’-corniform tall i) 3a). eens | EER OTL SN ANE RL Ad en NGO ARTI L 57. C.capnoides (L.) Pers. | + Flowers 15—18mm long. Racemes many-flowered, overtopping the leaves. Bracts oval or ovate, not leaf-shaped; peduncles short. Caruncle’small flattened! ...5 2. 39s oo ee ee ee ee 4, 4. Capsules linear, ca.2 mm broad, with one row of seedsS......... BARES BORA As ROL MI ON, es ARR AE Ge SSE 8 Re ee 59. C.raddeana Rgl. ct Capsules oboblong, broadened distally, with 2 rows of seeds...... SR aAUat pantalla co seis: eines Cates Warts tl hat ainrat ges cea Rates enue eee ae 58. C.ochotensis Turcz. 57. C.capnoides (L.) Pers., Syn. II (1807) 270 (p.p.); Koch, Syn. d. Deutsch. Schw. Fl. ed. 2,1 (1846) 77; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 103, 747; Bushy (Pl. Sib.” i Dal'n.) Vost. If 403 \kKryl., Re Zap. sib. Wien a0 ee Fumaria capnoides L., Sp. pl. (1753) 700 (pp.); Mant. II (1771) 437. — Corydalis’ uralensis Fisch. ex DG.) Syst’ 1° (1821)'127) Edbaene Ross. I, 104.— C.gebleri Ldb., Ind. sem. Horti Dorp. (1823) 3; Turez., Fl. ‘baie.-dah. Ty 104;—ler! Lidb:} Ie. pl.’ Fl. Ross: ‘tab. 293" bus hue eres 50.— Exs.: Fl. exs. austro-hung. No. 2078. Annual or biennial; stems usually few from one root, ribbed-sulcate, with acute ribs, with spreading branches, 10—40 cm tall, leafy to apex; cauline leaves with long petiolules, broadening but slightly from base; blade delicate, broad, bi-, nearly triternate,segments with short petiolules, lobes sessile, obovate-cuneate, incised to base or to two-thirds into 2—3 linear- oblong or oblong lobules, these sometimes laciniate into obtuse, rarely acute, lobes. Racemes short, few-flowered, not overtopping leaves, divergent in fruit; lower bracts leaf-shaped, ternate or biternate, the upper broadly linear, entire or few-toothed, much smaller than the lower leaf-shaped bracts; pedicels long, slender, the lower to 10—15 mm long, shorter than the bracts, fruiting pedicels spreading; sepals less than 1mm long, scarious, denticulate; corolla slender, 11—13 mm long, petals pale yellow, sometimes greenish distally; limb of outer petals very narrow, ovate, acute, slightly longer than inner petals; lower petal somewhat convex basally, but not torulose; spur slender, slightly shorter than petal, arcuate; capsules spreading or pendulous, linear, to 25mm long, 2mm broad, acute; stigma obcordate, with short, retrorse horns at base; stigmatoid surface continuous along distal cordate edge; seedsca.1.5mm across, smooth not punctate; caruncle conical-corniform, appressed to seed. April—June. 538 04 Stony slopes, gravels, and rocks in forests. — European part: Dv.-Pech., V.-Kama (Urals); W. Siberia: Ob, Irt., Alt.; E. Siberia: Ang.-Say., Yenis., Lena-Kol., Dau.; Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb., T.Sh., Pam.-Al. (rarely). Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur., Mong., Tib. Described fromEurope. Type in London. Note. The nomenclatural history of this species is very complicated. Linnaeus (Sp. pl. 700) considered F.capnoides a mixture of three species, one of which, F.lutea L. (Mant. II, 248) was separated even in his time. F. capnoides, once F.lutea was separated, was called C.capnoides (from Helvetia, Carniolia, Italia, Gallia) by Persoon (1807), Willdenow (1809), and others. In 1846, Koch separated yet another species, close to C.lutea —a perennial plant with deciduous styles, C.ochroleuca, based ona plant from Carniolia earlier included as F.capnoides. In fact, Koch was the first to define C.capnoides as here accepted; therefore, the much used C.capnoides (L.) Koch is a combination which Koch never published. Wahlenberg, often cited as author, did nothing to clarify the matter; he merely quotes the names and the descriptions of Persoon and Willdenow, and therefore it appears a misunderstanding to attribute the species to him. 58. C.ochotensis Turcz.in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. (1840) 62; Ldb., Fl. Rosse Oss hom. FL Manchzh. 1b, 347; Bush, “Fl. Sib. i Dal'n. Vost., 43 (p.p. excl. syn. C.raddeana et tab.).— C.sibirica var. ochotensis Rgl. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXIV (1861) 143. Annual or biennial; stem 25—60cm high, often weak, markedly flexuous, strongly ribbed-sulcate below, subulate along ribs, sulcate above, often branching, leafy from base; radical rosettes lacking; cauline leaves petioled, slightly broadened basally, lower leaves long-petioled, the upper short-petioled; lamina broad, triternate; segments with long, slender petiolules, lobes with much shorter but distinct petiolules, to 1.5-—3 mm long, lobules sessile; lobes obovate, short, rarely entire, often deeply incised into 2—3 oboblong, obtuse or acute lobules; leaf consistency delicate. Terminal racemes on stem and branches few-flowered, loose, especially narrow in fruit; bracts large, entire, 1.5—2 times as long as peduncle, nearly submembranous, ovate or oval, acute; sepals ca. 1 mm broad, angular, the margin denticulate, scarious; corolla yellowish, 15-18 mm long, broad; limb of outer petals ovate, acute or obtuse, longer than the inner petals; lower petals convex-gibbose; spur Slightly reflexed, rather slender, barely as long as petal, capsules declinate or obliquely pendulous, oboblong as in C.sibirica, gradually tapering towards base, obtuse, terminating in a slender style, 3—4 mm broad, 8—12 (—17)mm long; stigma obtrapeziform, with delicate verrucous-torulose edges; seeds small, 1.3mm across, black, glossy, not punctate, with a very minute, dot-like caruncle. June—July. (Plate XLIV, Figure 1). Shady forests, rocks, rivers and streams.— Far East: Ze.-Bu., Uda, Uss., Okh. (Obviously introduced into the last). Gen.distr.: Jap.-Ch. Described from Okhotsk. Type in Leningrad. Economic importance. Vigorously growing ornamental, readily cultivated from seed; perhaps also sowing itself. 539 705 59, C.raddeana Rgl. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXIV, 3 (1861) 143.— Ie. Rels; “Woe tab. IV,” f. 105) Bush, FL Sib. “i Dal’. Vost. 1, 44 (ander the name C.ochotensis Turcz.). Very similar to C.ochotensis. Leaves more delicate; stems much thinner, less flexuous, ribs less winged; bracts two to three times smaller than C.ochotensis, rounded-oval, the upper oboblong; sepals smaller than C.ochotensis, capsules linear, not broadened distally, 2—2.5 mm broad; seeds similar to those of C.ochotensis, but caruncle slightly longer, in the form of a small tongue. July— August. (Plate XLIV, Figure 2). Forests. — Far East: Ze.-Bu. Gen.distr.: Jap.-Ch. (Japan, Peking). Described from Bureya Range. Type in Leningrad. 60. C.sibirica (L.f.) Pers., Syn. II (1807) 270; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 103; TPurez., Fl. baic. -dah. 1, 105;" Bush, Fl. Sib. 7 Dal"n:Vost: [5 45\pearexel C. impatiens); Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. VI, 1242 (p.p.excl. C. impatiens).—= Fumaria sibirrvea l., ft. suppl. (7st) 3045 Wwallds Sp. ple lie (1800) 864.— C.breviflora DC., Syst. II (1821) 127; Ldb., Fl. Ross.L 045 les Gmel, Hie isiby VE toon vale so) Susie ie ca eniem Annual or biennial; stem upright, ribbed-sulcate, branching from base or middle, divergently leafy, 20—70 cm high, weak, the ribs subulate, acute; leaves with long basally broadened petioles, bi- or nearly triternate; segments with long slender petiolules, lobes with short petiolules, lobes cuneate, broad, deeply palmately or pinnately dissected into linear or oblong-linear, acute lobules; leaf consistency delicate. Terminal racemes of stem and branches slightly crowded at flowering, elongating in fruit, narrow; bracts oblong or lanceolate, small, acute, longer than the short pedicels, sometimes violet; sepals scarious, white, ca.1.0—1.5 mm broad, denticulate or incised; corolla 7-9 mm long, petals yellow or pale yellow, sometimes with apical violet spot, broad; limb of outer petals small, ovate, acute, often obscurely-toothed; lower petals gibbose, sometimes calcariform- gibbose at base; spur short, slightly antrorse, stout, obtuse, erect, short, sometimes nearly half the length of the petal; capsules 5—15 mm long, horizontally declinate or pendulous; oboblong, broadest distally (3—4 mm), cuneately flattish, rounded -obtuse, terminating in a slender style; stigma Square, with 4 stigmatic protuberances; seeds black, glossy, not punctate, ca. 1.5mm, with minute caruncle. May — June. River gravels, forest clearings, and roadsides. — European part: V.-Kama (isolated habitat in the Urals); W. Siberia: Alt.; E. Siberia: Yenis., Anigecsaye,) lena—wol., Mauss) Harshact: Oh. = Uda Zeeobule Ucar Gen. distr.: Mong. Described from Siberia. Type in London. 61. C.impatiens (Pall.) Fisch. in DC., Syst. II (1821) 124; Ldb., Fl. Ross. E1035) Tturez., Hl. baic.-dah, i105. — FP ummancia tm pla umemms Pall., Reise III (1776) 2386. — Cost pirneca veces tmipetie nts Regl. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXIV, 3 (1861) 143; Bush, Fl. Sib. i Dal'n. WO Il. 42, Annual, closely resembling C.sibirica in its root, leaves and stem, but stem often ascending and branches more spreading; bracts generally notched, the upper narrow, lanceolate-linear; sepals inconspicuous, minute, 540 06 x low, dentate-ciliate; flowers as large as in C.sibirica but the lower outer petals not gibbose, without a calcariform protuberance; spur more slender; capsules linear, ca. 2 mm broad, not broadened distally, with row of seeds; seeds as in C.sibirica. May—June. Forests, river gravels, and felled areas. — E. Siberia: Ang.-Say., Dau. (mainly around the Baixal area). Gen. distr.: Mong. Described from Dauria. Type in Leningrad. Tribe 3. FUMARIEAE RCHB., Handb. d. natiirl. Pfl. Syst. (1837) 264.— Sepals scarious, of various sizes, usually small, sometimes absent; inflorescence with lateral racemes opposite the leaves; corolla zygomor - phous, as in Corydaleae, but usually small, narrow, with short saccate spur or only with protuberance at base of upper petal. Fruit a unilocular, 1-seeded, rarely 2-seeded nutlet. Genus 560. FUMARIA * L. L. Sp. pl. (1753) 699 (ex p.); Gen. pl. ed. 5 (1754) 314 (ex p.); Hammar, Monogr. Fumar. (1857) 2 (ex p.); Pugsley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XLIV (1919) 250.—Fumaria sect. Sphaerocapmnos DC. Syst. II (1821) 131. Inflorescences of narrow unbranched racemes with narrow, scarious bracts; sepals squamiform, scarious, readily caducous; corolla small, or minute, usually violet-pink, rarely white, apex of petals often darker, spur Single, usually short and saccate; outer petals various: the upper, bearing a spur, are broader, more or less distinctly keeled dorsally, with narrow, acute, obtuse or notched limb, its margin either recurved towards keel or flat; lower petals narrow, linear or spatulately broadened apically, obtuse or notched; nutlet orbicular or orbicular-ovate, 1.5—3.0 mm across, sometimes slightly flattened laterally, apex concave, obtuse or acutish, bearing a small mucro, remnant of the deciduous style. Annuals, with thinly dissected, bi- to tripinnate leaves; segments and lobes often petiolate, lobules oblong-linear, linear and filiform.— All species of the genus are ordinary field and truck garden weeds. 1. Peduncles arcuately recurved; sepals large, half the length of the SEINE og ee ors ae a a ak ol ne ns a oo ae ee Se ae ne ae 2. + Peduncles erect, patent, but not recurved (sepals large, medium rae ie eee eto) hee Raubal Cc ale Ns. Lol Re Si A. 2. Fruit torulose-scabrous, rounded-ovate; bracts about as long as peduncles; corolla medium-large, to 9mm long, pink-violet; sepals Waseda tOOLMNCE-t'. te seer te. cw ce hs tela os koe 2. F.thuretii Boiss. + Pruir smocth or, nearly smooth, orbicular, ObtUSE os... fe 3. 3. Corolla to 15mm long, straw-colored, rarely reddening, dark at apex; leaf lobules broad; bracts scarcely as long as peduncles; ME PSM SEC Mt hi tene Ye tees esl es ee Ale ee a ore goto 1, F.capreolata L. 7 Corolla 5—7 mm long, pink-violet; leaf lobules narrow, linear - Peomitis TUL STLOnLEy SCADTOUS L's 2s hd Ss es ws 5d. F.kralikii Jord. From the Latin fumus —smoke, fume. 541 707° 4. «Sepals larger, broader than corolla; only half as long*:\..”/2ie.s es 5. 708 + Sepals narrower than corolla, '/;—'/; the length of the corolla, corolla orsépals’ wanting set) FMP eae ee Ca Sa ae Gos ee T.! >. / Corolla. 5=6 mmi'ilong.) “Fruit orbicwlar 4, 7a cen as 2 ts 6.} + Corolla large, medium-large, 7—8.5mm long; fruit rounded-ovate, TOruloSse=Seabroust ana ht eee we *3. F.pikermiana Boiss. et Heldr. 6. Sepals very broad; racemes dense, compact; bracts longer than peduncles; outer petals without mucro sis: .- 6. F. micrantha Lag, ate Sepals ovate, narrower; racemes loose; bracts nearly as long as peduncle; outer petals with small mucro..... 4, F.rostellata Knaf, | 7. Sepals WE the length of the corolla, rather conspicuous; corolla | violet-pink, 7-9 mm long; fruit not flattened laterally, with strongly CONCAVE Apes, APPecaArIn GS EE UMCALe eter tee pet ote) aie , 7. F. officinalis L. | + Sepals '4—'f the length of the corolla, or sepals wanting; corolla 4—Tmm long; fruit conspicuously flattened laterally, slightly keeled, orbicular or pointed, not concave (except for the two, very small pits at baseof style) Jb 2% oo. VM oe Di Ss ek Ren eer 8. 8. Upper outer petal narrow, obtuse, with recurved limb; racemes loose, elongated; peduncles slender, two to three times as long as the small bracts, fruit globular-ovate ....8. F.schleicheri Soy. Will. nF Peduncles short, stout, nearly as long as the bracts; racemes short at flowering, compact, sessile or subsessile, short-pediceled..... 9° 9. Upper outer petal obtuse, its margin flat or slightly curved distally; corolla white, small, ca.4mm long, only tips of petals with pink spots; nutlet globular -ovate, acute, strongly torulose-scabrous; peduncles nearly as long as bracts; leaf lobules often filiform, ecrooved, rarely Mla lime arin. dtrn cent men © ites mun re 9. F. parviflora Lam. + Upper outer petal broad, spatulate, distinctly notched, its margins broad, flat; peduncles as long as or slightly (up to one and one-half times) longer. than bracts)... 3p.) «a /y sucne aes eas Cee 10. 10. Corolla pink-violet, with dark tip; sepals minute, caducous, sometimes difficult to see; fruit quite obtuse, orbicular...10. F.vaillantii Loisl. az Corolla white with pink apical spots, confined to inner petals; fruit rounded-ovate, acuminate; sepals none; lower and upper petals deeply Morehead is Ayo het Gielen dein: wen ye ce comene rede 11. F.asepala Boiss. 1, F.capreolata L., Sp. pl. (1753) 701; Hammar, l.c., 24; Pugsley, lacs; 269..— le. : Sturm,: Deutsch. Pillora, “ed: Il) VL, t. 49; Schileehtend: Fl) vo. Deutsch. Vio Aufl: xl 1. N34. — hixs 2 ml. austro humo sence No. 2899. Annual; stems 20—30cm high, branching, sharply faceted; leaves glaucescent, with pinnately arranged segments biternately dissected into linear or oblong-linear lobules terminating ina mucro. Racemes with 4—10 loosely arranged flowers; pedicels rather long, overtopping racemes; pedicels and peduncles recurved or at least horizontal; bracts subscarious, lanceolate-linear, acute; weakly thickened peduncles 1.5—3 times as long as bracts; sepals 4—5 mm long, 2—3 mm broad, ovate, scarious-white, denticulate proximally, persistent; corolla 10—15 mm long, spur stout, saccate, slightly reflexed, petals two to two and one-half times as long as spur; corolla narrow, pale yellow or pink, apices of upper and inner petals dark violet, limb of upper petals acute, recurved, with very narrow margin; lower petals linear, with very narrow margins; nutlets 2—2.5mm 542 | across, nearly smooth or smooth, rounded, with small cleft at base of style. April— June. Gardens and parks.— Caucasus: W. Transc. (Sochi, Sukhumi). Gen. distr.: Med., Bal.-As. Min., Centr. Eur. Described from southern France (Narbonne). Type in London. 2. F.thuretii Boiss., in Diagn. pl. or. sér. 2, 1(1853) 15 et Fl. Or. I, 137; Hausskn. in Flora-LVI, 494; N. Buschin Fl. cauec. crit. IJ, 4 (1907) 32; Pugsley, l.c., 292, No. 26. Exs.: Heldreich, Herb. Graec. norm. No. 1005. Annual; stems 15—30cm high, branching from base, branches declinate, sharply faceted; leaves glaucous, tripinnatisect, with acute, linear lobules. Racemes subsessile, medium-dense, rather many-flowered; bracts oblong- linear, as long as inflorescence or longer; peduncles reflexed; sepals large, scarious, violet, ca.3—4mm long, ovate, obscurely-toothed; corolla ca.9mm long, petals pink, dark violet at apex; upper petals obsolete, their - margins distally curved to the green keel; spur saccate, ca.3mm long, slightly retrorsely curved; nutlets rounded-ovate, ca. 2mm long, pointed, under magnification finely torulose, nearly smooth. April— May. Rocks on the southern shores of the Crimea.— European part: Crim. (Yalta, cliffs above Autka, Puring). Gen.distr.: Bal.-As. Min., E. Med. Described from Greece. Type in Geneva. ¥3. F.pikermiana Boiss.,et Heldr. in Boiss., Diagn., sér. 2, VI (1859) Oph Or. a: 0137; Haussknecht ini Flora. LVI, 493; N..Busch in Fils cage, crit. Il, 4,.72.—F.ihuretii é.pikermiana.Pugsley,l.c. (1919) 294. Annual; stems rather stout, procumbent and ascending; leaves glaucous, lobules linear; racemes few-flowered, short-pediceled, longer than the opposite leaves; peduncles 3mm long, erect, rarely oblique or slightly curved; bracts longer than peduncles, 4—5 mm long, lanceolate or linear; flowers 7—8mm long, pink with dark apex; sepals ovate, 3mm long, 1.5mm broad, irregularly dentate, slightly broader than corolla; nutlets globular-ovate, very delicately rugose, slightly flattened, with a very short remnant of a style when young. As yet unknown from the USSR, but recorded from the former Artvin district (Bush, l.c.); I did not see the specimens. Gen. distr.: Bal.-As. Min. Described from Greece. Type in Geneva. Note. Very similar to F. thuretii, but peduncles not reflexed and corolla slightly smaller. 4, F.rostellata Knaf in Flora XXIX (1846) 290; Hammar,l.c., 20; Hausskn. in Flora LXI, 518; Pugsley, l.c. 301, No. 301; Shmal'g., Fl. I, 42.— F.transilvanica Schur, Enum. pl. Trans. (1866) 38.—Ic: Hammar, l.ci-tab. Ii:—Exs.: Fl. exs. austro-hung. No. 2902. Annual; stems 10—30cm high, loosely branching; leaves glaucous, with linear or linear-oblong acute lobules. Racemes short-pediceled, 1—2cm long, many-flowered, loose, with spreading flowers; pedicels —asalso axis of inflorescence — slender, 2—4mm long, declinate, erect, not recurved; 543 710 peduncles one and one-half to twice as long as bracts; corolla pink-violet, ca.6mm long; sepals scarious, rather large, ovate, denticulate, broader than corolla and more than half its length, ca.2.5mm long; spur short, saccate, erect; all petals dark violet, with a small mucro; nutlets 1.7mm long, ovoid, pointed, under magnification minute, torulose-scabrous. SUAS Sh Fields, rare. — European part: M. Dnp. Gen. distr.: Centr Hur, Bal.-As. Min. Described from Bohemia (Erzgebirge), where it grows in potato and cabbage fields. Type in Berlin. Note. F.rostellata is clearly distinguished from F. officinalis by smaller flowers and pointed nutlets; from F. schleicheri by acuminate fruitlets and larger sepals; and from both by a small but distinct - mucro of the petals. 5. F.kralikii Jordan in Cat. Dijon (1848) 19 et in Linnaea XXIII (1850) 471; Hammar, Mon. 23; Pugsley, l.c., 298, No.29.—F.anatolica Boiss. Laeeinarcd. “lende (Carte hrcsice, (1842) nomen nudum et Diagnos. joll, © ser. 2, VIII (1849) 14; Hausskn. in Flora LXI, 505; N. Busch in Fl. cauc. crit. Ill, '4.—Iciy Hammar; lve.,-tab. if) Exs:> schulivas He aae INOGINe MONS come NO see eae Annual; stem 10—25cm high, simple or slightly branched, sometimes branching from base; branches reflexed, sharply faceted; entire plant slender, exquisite; leaves glaucous, tripinnatisect, lobules flat, linear, short-acuminate. Racemes short-peduncled (ca.1cm long), loose, elongated, few-flowered; bracts oblong-linear, as long as or slightly longer than peduncles; sepals oval or ovate, broader than the corolla, white-scarious, acutely dentate-ciliate, ca.2—2.5mm long; corolla 5—7mm long, light pink with dark violet apex; spur rather long, ca.2—2.5mm, slender, slightly reflexed; upper petal obtuse, its margin reflexed towards the green keel; peduncles recurved; fruitlets small, 1.3mm across, subglobular, slightly flattened laterally, obtuse, with 2 small pits at base of style, under magnification barely scabrous, nearly smooth. April— May. Rocks. — European part: Crim. (southern shore — Sevastopol, Massandra, Oreanda, Simeiz, rocks and peaks of Yaila Range near Sarych). Gen.distr.: Bal.-As. Min., Med. Described from France (chance introduction, Marseille). Type in Paris. Note. F.thuretti, which occurs in association with F. kralikii,is distinguished by acutely dentate sepals, a slightly smaller corolla and obtuse nutlets. 6. F.micrantha Lag., Fl. Hort. Matrit. (1816) 21; Hammar, Monogr. 241; Borss., Hi '@r.-1, 135; Pugsiley, 1. ¢. 299, Novd0;) Ne) Basen anebee cauc. emit Til 4, 73.— FE. densiflora DC.,° Cat. Hort. Mongo. (tele) 113 (p.p.); Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 106; Hausskn. in Flora LVI (1873) 507.— F.calycina Bab. in Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. I (1844) 34.—Ic.: Hook., lew IV tab. 3605 Rehb., icon: “Fl. ‘Germ. t.>445)* *Hammar ol. cea teoeeele Annual; stem branching, stoutish, sulcate, 10-30 cm high; leaves glaucescent, thinly dissected, with lanceolate or linear-filiform, flat, obtuse lobules. Racemes subsessile, dense, many-flowered, cylindrical, with crowded flowers; peduncles to 1mm long, oblique —erect, not recurved; bracts oblong-linear, scarious, longer than the peduncles; sepals large, often violet, broad, rounded-ovate, dentate, almost half the length of the 544 PLATE XLV. 1—Hypecoum trilobum Trautv.: a) general view, b) sepals, d) outer petal, e) inner petal, f) stamens, g) stigma, h) seeds; 2—H.parviflorum Kar.et Kir.: a) outer petals, b) stigma; 3—H.pendulum L., outer petal; 4—H.grandiflorum Benth. silique; 5-H.erectum L.: a) silique, b) stigma and seeds; 6—Adlumia asiatica Ohwi: a) segment of stem, b) corolla limb, c) style and stigma, d) seeds; 7—-Dicentra peregrina (Rudolphi) Fedde: a) outer petals; 8-Fumaria officinalis L.: a) flowers, b) upper petal, c) lower petal, d) stamens, e) stigma, f) nutlet; 9-F.vaillantii Loisl, nutlet. 545 713 714 corolla and much broader; corolla 5—6 mm long, pink-violet; spur saccate, 1—1.5mm long; outer petals narrow, almost without limbs, obtuse; nutlet ca.2mm across, spherical, torulose, orbicular at apex, with small pit near the punctate remnant of the style, under magnification finely torulose. April — May. Clayey slopes, weed-infested localities in the semidesert zone. — Caucasus: E. Transc. (Especially common in the Apsheron Peninsula), Tal.; Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. (western Kopet Dagh, on the Chandyr River). Gen. distr.: Iran., Med., Centr. Eur., Atl. Eur. (introduced). Described from Spain (Orihuela, Murcia). Type in Madrid. (2 7B othiicinalis 3) Sp.qpk (1753) 700; Hammar, l.c., 9; Hausskn. in Flora LXI, 404; Pugsley, l.c., 302, No. 33; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 105; Boiss Fl. Or. I, 134; Shmal's, Fl. 1, 42; N. Buschan Pils cayeapecum Ill, 4, 64; Kryl., Fl. Zap.Sib. Vi, 1248; Bush, FI.. Sib. 1Dal'n ost: Ly 2: =e. Rehb) wiles PljvGenm,: fiowe4454 xsi Mle exSe) amicinas hung. No. 2901;, HER No. 1601a et b- Annual; stem 15—30cm high, faceted-sulcate, not densely branching, with spreading branches, leaves glaucous, dissected into numerous flat, linear or oblong, acute lobules. Racemeson2—3cm long peduncles, with numerous flowers, medium-dense, becoming loose after flowering; pedicels scarious [sic], oblong-linear, peduncles one and one-half to two times as long as pedicels; flowers rather long, 7—9mm, narrow, violet-pink, with dark apex; sepals oblong, scarious, dentate, corolla three times as long as sepals; spur reflexed, half as long as petals; petals narrow, without mucro, margins of upper petals recurved, the lower spatulate, obtuse; nutlet ca.2mm across, spherical, with large pit, under magnification slightly rough, nearly smooth. June — July. (Plate XLV, Figure 8, a-f). Fields, fallows, and weedy places. — European part: common everywhere (except Arctic), Crim.; Caucasus: Cisc., Transc. (rarely); W. Siberia: U. Tob., Ob; E. Siberia: Angl.-Say. (very rarely). Gen. distr.: Bal.-As. Min., Med., Centr. Eur. Described from Europe. Type in London. 8. F.schleicheri Soy.-Will., Observ. Pl. France (1828) 17; Hausskn. in Flora LVI, 411,485; Shmal'g., Fl. I, 42; N. Buschin Fl. cauc. crit. Il; 45) 68; Pussiey,-lac., 310, No.40.—F. meyexri Stev. in Bulligsec: Nat. Mosc. (1856) II, 288; Rupr., Fl. Cauc. 54.—Ic.: Hammar,l.c., tab.I (under the name F. wirtgeni).—Exs.: Flora exs. Austro-hung. No. 2903; Schultz, Herb. Norm. No. 2109; HFR No. 1602. Annual; stem 10—30cm high, branching from base, branches upright or reflexed, usually elongated, well-proportioned; leaves glaucous, bi- or tripin- natisect, with flat, short, linear or filiform lobules. Racemes loose, elongated, many-flowered, on slender peduncles 1—1.5cm long; inflorescence and peduncles slender, 2.5—4mm long, two to three times as long as the reduced bracts; corolla pink-violet, slender, 5-6 mm long, with a dark apical spot; upper petal obtuse, not notched, its narrow margin abruptly curved upward; spur rather slender, reflexed, half the length of the petals; sepals very small, less than 1mm long, narrow, caducous; nutlet orbicular, laterally compressed, distinctly keeled, with small distinct mucro, under magnification minutely punctate-torulose,ca.2mm long. June —July. 546 715 Fields, fallows, and weedy places.— European part: M. Dnp., V.-Don, Pransy.,-t;,~Crim.,-GD.) GUVs ‘Caucasus: :Cisc:, Dag., Transc.; W. Siberia: Alt., Irt.; Centr. Asia: Dzu-Tarb., Balkh., T. Sh. (eastern part of to Alma Ata). Desceibed from Switzerland. Note. The typical F. schleicheri is very rare in Transcaucasia, where the form with thicker corolla, dense racemes and shorter peduncles is distributed. It appears to agree with what Haussknecht and Pugsley describe as F. microcarpa Boiss., in herb. and, in all probability, represents a hybrid between F. schleicheri and F.vaillantii. It is encountered in the Lower Volga and Transvolga areas. In the extreme southeast, in the foothills of Altai, Tarbagatai, Dzhungarian Ala-Tau, and eastern Tien Shan, grows the atypical F. schleicheri, with stouter and paler corolla, denser racemes, coarser and stouter peduncles. Haussknecht, nevertheless, determined it as F. schleicheri. 9, F.parviflora Lam., Encycl. meth. II (1788) 567; Hammar, l.c., UGssdadbes, HL Ross..1,0l05s “Hausskn. inh lora DVI (1873) 456; Pugsley, ihe occ. NE, 46,—ic.. Sturm, Deutschlamlora, 1,762 hitab.. lo: Exs.: Fiori et Béguinot, Fl. Exs. Ital. No. 1051. Annual; stem 10—20cm high, profusely branching from base, slightly faceted; leaves glaucous, tri— quadripinnatisect, with short, filiform lobules often longitudinally folded. Racemes sessile, few-flowered, short, dense, elongating in fruit; bracts lanceolate, as long as or slightly shorter or slightly longer than peduncles; peduncles stout, erect, ca.1 mm long; sepals minute, ca.0.5mm long; corolla small, ca.4mm long; petals white, with a pink apical spot; upper petal obtuse, not notched, its margin narrow, flat or barely curved upward; spur very short, obtuse, saccate, slightly ascending; nutlets less than 2mm across, rounded-ovate, pointed, under magnification finely but sharply torulose-scarious. April— May. Stony and clayey places in the semidesert zone.— European part: M. Dnp., Bl. (obviously introduced by chance); Caucasus: E. Transc. (Mugan, Apsheron), S. Transc.: Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. (Great Balkhan Mountains, Kazandzhik, Ashkhabad in gardens), Pam.-Al. (western spurs, Kulyab, Shirabad valley). Gen. distr.: Centr. and Atl. Eur., Med., Bal. - As. Min., Iran. Described from France. Type in Paris. Note. This species is rare in the USSR; the numerous specimens variously referred to it, for example, from Karabakh (N. Popov, 1911, No. 823; N. Vvedenskii, 1911, No.212) and Mangyshlak (Dubyanskii), represent transitional forms between F. parviflora and F.vaillantii. To such forms of hybrid origin one must refer F. indica Pugsley, l.c., 313, which is very similar to F. vaillantii, and, like it, has a pink corolla and spherical nutlets but peduncles shorter than the bracts and the distal margin of the petal more or less curved upward. F.indica occurs in southern Tadzhikistan and Turkmenia, as well as in India. 10. F.vaillantii Loisl, in Desvaux, Journ. Bot. II (1809) 358; Hammar, l.c., 14; Hausskn. in Flora LVI, 441; Pugsley, l.c., 315, No.43; Ldb., Pij.noes, 1,-105;- Boiss., Fi. Or..1,..L05; N. Busch in Fi.-cauc. crit. JU, 4, 6G; ohmal's., Fi. 1: 43.—F.schrammii Pugsley, li.c., (1919) 319.-— tele can. lee, Fl, term, ill; fab. 1, tip. 4452.— Exs.: Schultz, Herb. norm. No. 414. 547 Annual; stem 5—20cm, usually branching from base with spreading branches, rarely few-branched, erect, indistinctly sulcate-faceted; lobules tripinnatisect, linear or filiform. Racemes on short, stoutish peduncles, few-flowered, in flower dense, not overtopping leaves, elongating in fruit; peduncles stoutish, short, ca.2mm long; bracts nearly equal or two-thirds the length of the peduncles; sepals very small, ca.0.5mm, in any case less than 1mm long, acute, barely dentate, narrower than corolla, caducous; corolla pink-violet, rather stout, 5-6mm long; upper petal with green keel and broad, flat or barely involute margins, sharply notched; lower petal broad distally, rounded or slightly notched; nutlets flattened; distinctly keeled, or spherical, quite obtuse, with inconspicuous style, ca.2mm across, under magnification conspicuously torulose-scabrous. April—July. (Plate XLV, Figure 9). Fields, fallows, gardens, and weed-infested places among dwellings. — Eurepean part: U. Dnp., Mi. Dap... Bl... VasDon, Lb. V5. Transy.7 @gumaes L.Don; Caucasus: all regions; Centr. Asia: all regions. Gen. distr.: Ind. -Him., Iran., Arm.-Kurd., Bal.-As. Min., Med., Atl. and Centr. Eur., Scand. Described from France. *11. F.asepala Boiss., Fl. Or I (1867) 135; Hausskn. in Flora LVI, 461; Pugsley, l.c., 321, No. 45. Annual; stem 10—15cm high, branching from base, branches divaricate; leaves 3-sSect, with linear, flat, acute lobules. Racemes sessile, few-flowered, crowded, slightly elongating in fruit; bracts as long as or longer than the short, stout, erect peduncles, 1—1.5mm long; sepals none; corolla (—4) 5—6 mm long, white, rather stout, outer petal flat, white, without apical pink spot with flat, broad margins and broad notch; inner petals with dark violet spot at apex; nutlets small, 1.5—1.8mm across, rounded-ovate, slightly flattened, weakly keeled, with short mucro —the finely punctate-torulose remnant of the style. May —June. Stony slopes.— Not yet found in the USSR, but encountered in adjacent parts of Turkey (Ardanuc, Kagyzman district). Gen. distr.: Iran., E. Med., Bal.-As. Min. Described from Iran. Type in Geneva. Note. F.asepala, recorded for Zeravshan, does not occur there and the specimens cited are F. vaillantii. Yet it is possible that it may be found in the mountainous part of Turkmenistan. 716 Genus 561. FUMARIOLA * KORSH. Korsh. in Bull. Acad. Sc. Petersb. ser. 5, IX (1898) 403 Sepals 2, small, squamiform; corolla small (3mm long), yellow; outer petals flattish, broad, the lower obovate, the upper slightly more narrowly obovate, with saccate basal protuberance but without spur, their margins broad, flat, rounded; inner petals shorter and narrower, distally winged- keeled beneath; stamens usually 2,3; ovary oblong, with one ovule; style * Diminutive of Fum aria. 5667 548 717 deciduous; stigma obovate, denticulate at both sides; nutlet 1-seeded, linear-oblong, clavate-cylindrical, slightly flattened parallel to the outer petal, acutely keeled, truncate, with 4 teeth, surrounding the punctiform base of the style. Annual, slightly glabrous and glaucous plant, with racemiform, umbelliform inflorescence and long-pediceled flowers. Inflorescence and parts of flowers similar to Rupicapnos Pomel(Fumaria_ sect. Pterocapnos), but in the latter species the petals with a short spur and the nutlets usually beaked, not truncate. 1. F.turkestanica Korsh.,l.c. (1898) 404.—Ic.: Korsh. l.c., tab. 1, Fib—4. Annual; stem weak, 6—10cm high, branching from base, filiform, with divaricate branches; leaves with long filiform petioles, twice ternate; segments long-petioluled, lobes sessile, spreading, oboblong, obtuse, entire or 2—3-lobulate or dissected into linear lobules. Inflorescence racemiform, reduced, subumbelliform, few-flowered (2—10), opposite the leaves, on rather long (1—2 cm) peduncles, but shorter than leaves; flowers on very long, slender pedicels (2—2.5cm); bracts very small, squamiform; nutlet ca.3mm long, slightly less than 1mm broad, becoming black when ripe, barely scabrous, three to four times as long as broad. June. In crevices of limestone rocks.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. (Alay Range, Isfairam River Gorge, Lyangar Gorge, Argylyk Mountains, Yangi-Sai Gorge, Aushir River valley between Vuadil and Shakhimardan, Kul-Kutban Lake. Endemic. Described from Lyangar. Type in Leningrad. 549 ADDENDA VI* DIAGNOSES PLANTARUM NOVARUM IN TOMO VII FLORAE URSS COMMEMORATARUM DIAGNOSES OF NEW SPECIES MENTIONED IN VOLUME VII Junio 1937 CERATOPHYLLUM L. 1. C. Kossinskyi Kuzen. sp. nova. Caulis tenuis, laevis, vix ramosus; folia in verticillis sena-octona, satu- rate viridia 3—4 cm longa, dichotome 2—5 dissecta, lobis filiformibus rarius lineari-filiformibus tenuissimis, denticulis parvis raris marginibus munitis. Fructus oblongo-ovales, ad 4 mm longi et 2.5 mm lati margine anguste alati, facies fructus non laevis, tuberculis parvis oblongis vel squamiformibus, interdum tuberculo uno majusculo prominente comitata, aculei tres, longitu- dinem fructus non superantes, basi vix dilatati, plani, superior 1.5—2.5 mm longus, inferiores 1.5—3.5 mm longi, late distantes. Hab.: In aquis stagnantibus vel lente currentibus. Typus: In delta fl. Rha, prope pag. Kiligi, leg. Kossinsky; in Herb. Ac. Se. URSS conservatur. 2. C. Komarovii Kuzen. sp. nova. Perenne; caulis tenuis, glaber, vix ramosus; folia saturate-viridia in verti- cillis sena-octona, 15—18 mm longa, dichotome dissecta, lobis filiformibus marginibus denticulis raris munitis. Fructus oblongo-ovati, stipitati, 4—5 mm longi, aculeis tribus: supremo (6) 8—12 mm longo fructu duplo longiore, duobus basi fructus insidentibus brevioribus, basi paulo applanatis, 5—7 mm longis; facies fructus non laevis, supra dimidium tuberculo vel grumo vel aculeo brevi falcato comitata. Hab: In stagnis. Ty pus: prov. Leningrad, in stagnis prope opp. Slutzk (Pavlovsk olim). Affine est C. oryzetorum Kom., sed dorso fructus tuberculo vel grumo vel aculeo falcato (nec aculeo rigido erecto) munito sat differt. CIMICIFUGA L. 3. C. europaea N. Schipcz. sp. nova. Perennis; rhizoma crassum, multiceps; caules simplices vel in parte superiore ramosi, rotundati, vix sulcati, 1—2 m alti glaberrimi tantum in inflo- rescentia glanduloso-pilosi; folia caulina infima longe pedunculata pedunculis basi dilatatis, biternata, segmentis impari-pinnatis; lobi sessiles vel breviter petiolati, ovati, acuminati, pinnato-incisi vel saepe in parte inferiore pinnato- * [This appendix has been reproduced photographically from the Russian original. ] 550 722 secti, marginibus profunde crenati; folia suprema subsessilia vel breviter petiolata; petioli foliorum et folia ad nervos subtus pilis rectis dispersis tecti. Racemus simplex vel saepius ramosus, ramis pedicellisque breviter pilosis; bracteae lanceolatae, acutae, pedicellis breviores; sepala cito decidua, petala (staminodia) integra, superne plus minusve scariosa; stamina numero:a, ovaria 5, pubescentia, sessilia vel breviter pedicellata. Typus: Ucraina. Dist. Kiev, ad nemorum margines prope stationem viae ferreae Bojarki. Fl. 6 VIII[1902. Leg. W. Finn. Exs. HFR n° 1552; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. Affinis est C. foetidae L. sed caule nudo, petiolis pilis sparsis instructis (nec glandulis minutissimis densissime tectis), bracteis lanceolato-cuneatis (nec subuliformibus), pedicellis brevioribus (nec eos subaequantibus) diversa est. DELPHINIUM L. 4. D. propinquum Nevski sp. nova (§. Elatopsis). 15—40 cm altum, caule inferne fere glabro, pilis enumerosis brevibus vix piloso, superne dense glanduloso-pubescenti; petiolis Iongis, basi dilatatis, pilosis; lamina foliorum plana vel subplana, utrinque breviter pilosa, fere ad basin trisecta, segmento intermedio obcordato, in lobis 3, 3—5-dentatis fisso, lateralibus latioribus in segmentis 2 ord. cum segmento intermedio subsimi- libus sectis; racemo paucifloro, pedicellis 2—4.5 cm longis breviter denseque pubescentibus et pilis longiusculis pilosis; bracteolis lineari-lanceolatis, obtuse acuminatis, 7—15 mm longis, 2—3 mm latis, pilosis; floribus coeruleis magnis; sepalis 2—3.1 cm longis, 1.3—1.8 cm latis, late obovatis, obtusis, membrana- ceis, dorso pilis longis flexuosis tectis, intus glabris; calcare crasso-cylin- draceo 1.4—1.7 mm longo, obtuse acuminato, superne recurvo; folliculis 3, pilosis. Typus: Asia Media, m. Karategin, ad marginem glaciei Dibarar, 10 VIII 1896, n° 1922, lg. Lipsky; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. A D. Brunoniano Royle differt foliis planis vel subplanis, nec in petiolum infundibuliforme attenuatis, dentibus terminalibus obtusiusculis, nec apiculatis et calcare longiore tenuioreque. 5. D. megalanthum Nevski sp. nova (§. Elatopsis).— D. flexuosum ». Paulovi Akinf. in Trav. Soc. Nat a l’Univ. Imp. Kharkow XXVII (1894) 167.— D. speciosum var. Pauloviti N. Busch in Fl. cauc. crit. Ill, 3 (1903) 64. Caule 35—75 cm alto, costato, inferne leviter piloso, superne glabro; petiolis basi vix dilatatis margine ciliatis; foliis eis D. speciosi M. B. similibus, superne leviter pilosis vel glabris, inferne ‘pallidioribus et ad nervos pilosis, margine ciliatis; racemo erecto, pedicellis strictis vel vix patentibus, glabris vel fere glabris; bracteolis ovato-lanceolatis vel ovatis, vulgo 7—9 mm longis 551 723 et 3—4 mm latis, obtuse acuminatis, glabris, rarius vix ciliatis, saepe violaceo- coloratis; floribus coeruleis, sepalis 2.2—3.3 cm longis, ad 1.6 cm latis, late ovatis glaberrimis; calcare 0.5—2.3 cm longo, superne leviter incurvo. T y pus: Caucasus septentrionalis, prope glaciem Bezengi, 25 VII 1892, lg. Lipsky; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. Ab affini D. specioso M. B. differt sepalis giaberrimis. 6. D. confusum M. Pop. sp. nova (§. Elatopsis).— D. Duhmbergii Huth in Engler, Bot. Jahrbiich. XX (1895) 402, pro parte.—D. speciosum Huth l. c., p. 415, pro parte, non M. B. 30—65 cm altum, caulibus dense pilosis, inferne pilis patentibus 1.5— 2 mm longis tectis, superne molliter pubescentibus; petiolis longis, basi dilatatis, longe pilosis; lamina foliorum orbiculari-reniformi, utrinque dense pubescenti vel plus minusve pilosa, trisecta, segmento intermedio oblongo- obovato vel obovato, in lobis 3, 3—4 dentatis fisso, — lateralibus in segmentis 2 ord. cum segmento intermedio plus minusve similibus sectis vel fissis, racemo denso, basi interdum ramoso, multifloro; bracteis late lanceolatis vel lanceolatis, integris (rarius inferioribus trisectis), obtusiusculis, pedicello brevioribus, dense et breviter pilosis; pedicellis brevibus, 0.5—1(1.5) cm longis pilis patentibus brevibus densissime pilosis; bracteolis late-ovatis obtusis vel obtusiusculis, 5.5—7(9) mm longis, 3—4(5) mm latis, pubescen- tibus; floribus obscure violaceis; sepalis ovatis vel obovatis, obtusis, 1—1.5 cm longis, 0.5—0.8 cm latis, dorso breviter denseque pubescentibus, intus fere glabris; calcare horizontaliter patenti, prope apicem incurvo, 1.2—1.5 cm longo, 2.5—3 mm crasso. Typus: Asia Media, m. Akbach-tau, 12 VIII 1921, n° 8193 leg. Abolin; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. A D. oreophilo Huth (D. dasyanthum auct. Fl. As. Med. pro max. parte) differt floribus obscure violaceis, nec coeruleis vel pallide coeruleis, pedicellis brevioribus, bracteolis late ovatis, nec anguste linearibus. 7. D. Ruprechtii Nevski sp. nova (§. Elatopsis).— D. flexuosum var. bracteolatum N. Busch in FI. caue. crit. III, 3 (1903) 67, pro parte. Caulibus elatis, ad 1 m altis, costatis, leviter pilosis vel fere glabris; petiolis basi non dilatatis, pilosis; foliis eis D. flexuoso M. B. subsimilibus, supra vix pubescentibus, subtus ad nervos pilosis, fere ad basin palmatisectis, segmento intermedio oblongo-rhomboideo in lobis 3, 3—5-dentatis fisso, latioribus cum segmento intermedio subsimilibus; racemo denso vulgo non ramoso, rachide glabra; bracteis lanceolatis margine plus minusve ciliatis; pedicellis glabris erecto-patentibus; bracteolis ellipticis vel elliptico-ovatis, 5.5—8 mm longis, 4—4.75 mm latis, obtusiusculis, violaceo-coloratis, glaber- rimis, sepalis ovatis vel elliptico-lanceolatis, 1.5—2 cm longis, ad 1. 2 cm latis, obtusis, dorso glabris, intus ciliolatis, margine ciliis numerosioribus donatis; calcare 1.5 (2) cm longo. 52 724 Typus: Caucasus, Daghestania, inter pagos Czirch et Rhyeza, ig. Ruprecht; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. Differt a D. flexuoso M. B. et D. bracteoso Somm. et Lev. bracteolis ellipticis vel elliptico-ovatis glaberrimis. 8. D. ochotense Nevski sp. nova (§. Elatopsis).— D. elatum a. subglab- rum Regel et Tiling in Nouv. Mém. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mosc. XI (1859) 39. 25—50 cm altum, caulibus molliter et breviter pubescentibus, superne vix glandulosis, dense foliosis; foliis orbiculari-cordatis vel orbiculari- reniformibus, leviter pubescentibus, palmatisectis, lobis vulgo biternatim fissis dentibus terminalibus obtusis vel obtusiusculis late ellipticis vel lanceo- latis; racemo multifloro, rachide pedicellisque dense et molliter pubescenti- bus; bracteolis linearibus 4—6 mm longis; floribus coeruleis; sepalis ovatis vel ovato-lanceolatis, obtusis (1.3)1.5—2(2.2) cm longis, 5—9 mm latis dorso marginibusque leviter patentim pilosis; calcare horizontaliter patenti, fere recto vel sub apice plus minusve incurvo, 1.2—1.8 cm longo. Typus: Sibiria extremi-orientalis, prope Ajan, legit Tiling; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. Differt a D. elato L. pubescentia et foliorum forma. 9. D. cryophilum Nevski sp. nova (§. Elatopsis).—D. elatum var. intermedium f. hirsuta Pohle in herb. Caule 20—65 cm alto, setoso-piloso, p‘lis retroversis, 1.5—2.75 mm longis inferne numerosioribus brevioribusque donato; foliis (praesertim inferne) setoso-pilosis; lamina foliorum orbiculari-cordata, palmatisecta lobis plus minusve rhomboideis vulgo biternatim fissis; racemo erecto dens‘usculo, ad 20 cm longo, multifloro, floribus violaceo-coeruleis; pedicellis 1—4 cm longis patentim pilosiusculis pilis enumerosis, 2—2.5 mm longis donatis; bracteolis lineari-subulatis, ca. 5mm longis, 0.5 mm latis; sepalis fere glabris, dorso sub apice vix setuloso-pilosis, ovatis, 1.2—1.5 cm longis, 0.4—0.65 cm latis, obtusis; calcare 1.3—1.4 cm longo. Typus: In decliviis argillosis herbosis insulae Kolgujev, lg. Pohle, 23 VIII1902; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. Differt a D. elato L. statura humiliore, caulibus setoso-pilosis, floribus violaceo-coeruleis. 10. D. Korshinskyanum Nevski sp. nova (§. Elatopsis).— D. elatum Korsh. in A. H. P. XII, p. 299, non L. Caule 55—125 cm alto, basi ad 8 mm crasso, violaceo-punctato, fere tota longitudine patentim setoso-piloso, pilis albis 2.5—3 mm longis, superne sub racemo glabro; petiolis setoso-pilosis, basi leviter dilatatis; lamina foliorum orbiculari-cordada, supra adpresse pilosa, subtus praesertim ad nervos setoso- pilosa biternatim secta lobis terminalibus 2—3 dentatis; racemo erecto, multifloro, interdum ramoso floribus coeruleis; bracteis linearibus, margine 533 725 Plus minusve ciliatis, pedicello glabro brevioribus; bracteolis linearibus vel lineari-lanceolatis, saepe coloratis, acuminatis, margine ciliatis rarius glabris, 4.5—5 mm longis, 0.75 mm latis; sepalis ovatis, 1.1—1.4 cm longis, 0.4— 0.7 cm latis, obtusis, utrinque glabris, marginibus ciliatis; calcare glabro vel leviter piloso, 1.3—1.5 cm longo, horizontaliter patenti, sub apice incurvo; folliculis glabris, 1.3—1.4 cm longis. Typus: Inter fl. Zeja et Bureja, prope pagum Ivanovskoje, in pratis, 11 VII 1891 lg. Korshinsky; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. A D. retropiloso Sambuk differt: caule praesertim inferne folioso et foliis basi cordatis, nec cuneatis. 11. D. uralense Nevski sp. nova (§. Kolobopetala).— D. dictyocarpum v. canescens Korsh. Tent. fl. Ross. or. (1898) 18. Tota planta velutino-tomentella; caulibus 55—110 cm altis, inferne costatis; lamina foliorum orbiculari-cordata vel orbiculari-reniformi, 3.5—7 cm longa, 5.5—12 cm lata, palmatisecta, lobis vulgo ternatim fissis lobulis terminalibus 2—3 dentatis; racemo inferne interdum ramoso, denso, multi- floro, floribus laete coeruleis; bracteolis lineari-subulatis, 3.5—6 mm longis, 0.5 mm latis, dense adpresse pilosis; sepalis ovatis, obtusis, dorso tomentel- lis, 1—1.6 cm longis, 0.5—0.9 cm latis; caleare cylindraceo, 1.2 cm longo, 2—2.5 mm crasso, obtuse acuminato; folliculis 3 densissime pubescentibus. Typus: Prov. Orenburg, prope pagum Andreevka, lg. D. Litwinow, 5 VII 1893; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URRS conservatur. Differt a D. dictyocarpo DC. indumento. 12. D. cyananthum Nevski sp. nova (§. Kolobopetala).—D. dictyo- carpum var. pubiflorum Trautv. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXII, I (1860) 81. Caulibus 75--100 cm altis, glabris, solummodo sub racemo interdum leviter pilosis; petiolis glabris marginibus ciliatis; foliis eis D. dictyo:arpi DC similibus, orbiculari-cordatis, fere ad basin palmatisectis lobis rhombo- ideis vulgo biternatim fissis, supra glabris, subtus ad nervos pubescentibus, margine ciliato-pilosis; racemo ramoso, denso, multifloro, floribus laete coeruleis; pedicellis brevibus (vulgo ca. 1 cm longis), adpresse et dense pilosis; bracteolis lineari-subulatis vel interdum fere lineari-lanceolatis, dense pilosis, brevibus, 1.5—5 mm longis, 0.5—1 mm latis; sepalis dorso tomen- tellis, ovatis, obtusis, 1—1.1 cm longis, 0.4—0.8 cm latis; calcare 1.1—1.3 cm longo ad 3 mm crasso; folliculis 3, dense pubescentibus. Typus: Songoria, fl. Tentek, lg. Schrenk; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. Ab affini D. dictyocarpo DC. differt pedicellis, bracteolis et sepalis pubescentibus. 13. D. aemulans Nevski sp. nova (§. Kolobopetala). Caulibus 80—100 cm altis, basi ad 8 mm crassis, leviter costatis, inferne pilis retroversis albis pilosis et violaceo-coloratis, sub racemo dense glandu- 554 726 loso-pubescentibus; foliis eis D. dictyocarpi DC. similibus, glabris, orbiculari- reniformibus, basi truncatis vel vix cuneatis, fere ad basin palmatisectis lobis lineari-rhomboideis pinnatifidis; racemo inferne ramoso, denso, multifloro, rachide dense glanduloso-pubescenti; pedicellis erecto-patentibus 1—2 cm longis, glandulosis; bracteolis lineari-filiformibus glanduloso-pubescentibus, 6—10 mm longis, 0.5 mm latis; floribus obscure coeruleis; sepalis ovatis, obtusis, ca. 1 cm longis, ad 0.75 cm latis, dorso patentim glanduloso-pilosius- culis; calcare 1.2—1.3 cm longo, 1.5—1.75 mm crasso, apice obtuse acuminato et incurvo; folliculis 3, densissime glanduloso-pubescentibus. Typus: Songoria, in montibus Monrak prope urbem Zaissan, 22 VII 1930, n° 735, lg. Gontscharov et Borissova; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. Ab affini D. dictyocarpo DC. differt pubescentia glandulosa. 14. D. altaicum Nevski sp. nova (§. Kolobopetala). 80—109 cm altum; caulibus basi leviter violaceo-coloratis et breviter adpresse pilosis, superne leviter pubescentibus; foliis supra glabris vel sub- glabris, subtus ad nervos breviter pubescentibus, orbiculari-cordatis vel orbiculari-reniformibus, basi interdum vix cuneatis, fere ad basin palmatisectis lobis 5—7 rhomboideis inaequaliter pinnatifidis; racemo densiusculo, rachide patentim breviter denseque pilosa; pedicellis erecto-patentibus, 1—2 cm longis, dense pubescentibus; bracteolis lineari-filiformibus, 4—7 mm longis, 0.5 mm latis, dense glanduloso-pubescentibus; floribus obscure coeruleis; sepalis dorso plus minusve glanduloso-pubescentibus, ovatis vel elliptico- ovatis, obtusis, 1.2—1.3 cm longis, ad 0.75 cm latis; caleare 1.5—1.9 cm longo, ad 2.5 mm crasso, apice obtuse acuminato, sub apice incurvo; folliculis 3, dense glanduloso-pilosis. Typus: Prope lacum Marka-kul, lg. B. Keller, 4 VIII1908; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. Differt a D. aemulanti Nevski foliis subtus ad nervos pubescentibus. 15. D. semiclavatum Nevski sp. nova (§. Diedropetala). 55—75 cm altum; caule leviter ramoso, ramis longis virgatis, inferne dense glanduloso-pubescenti, praesertim basi folioso; petiolis basi dilatatis; lamina foliorum semiorbiculari, fere glabra, ad basin tripartita, segmentis sessilibus: intermedio obovato, basi cuneato, apice in lobis 3—5 rotundatis obtusis leviter fisso, lateralibus latioribus, ad medium in seg nentis 2 ord. margine inaequaliter lobatis sectis; racemo laxo, paucifloro, longo; pedi- cellis glabris, ad 1.5—1.7 cm longis; bracteis anguste lineari-lanceolatis, glabr’s, minutis; bracteolis 1.5—2 mm _ longis, subulato-linearibus, supra medium pedicellorum insertis; floribus sordide lilacinis; sepalis glabris, obtu- sis, 0.95—1 cm longis, 0.45 cm latis; calcare recto vel fere recto, obtuso, sub apice gibboso, 1—1.2 cm longo, ad 2.75 mm crasso; staminodiis fere glabris; folliculis glabris, 0.8 cm longis. 555 727 Typus: Asia media, Pamiro-Alaj occidentalis, Sangardak 20 VI 1896, n° 1887, lg. Lipsky; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. Differt a D. saniculaefolio Boiss. floribus sordido-lilacinis, nec coerules- centibus, calcare longiore, staminodiis fere glabris et pedicellis brevioribus. 16. D. inopinatum Nevski sp. nova (§. Diedropetala). Caule 75—85 cm alto, fere tota longitudine aureo glanduloso-tomentello; petiolis basi valde dilatatis, longis, dense pubescentibus; lamina foliorum ternatim partita, segmentis 1 ord. breviter petiolulatis, in laciniis terminalibus anguste-linearibus (1.25—2.5 mm latis) dense pubescentibus bi-triternatim sectis; racemo 25—35 cm longo, densiusculo, rachide sparsim pilosa; bracteis minutis, 2.5 mm longis, pedicello multo brevioribus, linearibus, glabris vel ciliolatis; pedicellis brevibus, ad 1.7 cm longis, glabris; bracteolis lineari- subulatis, supra medium pedicellorum insertis; floribus pallidis, sordide coeru- lescenti-lilacinis; sepalis 0.8—0.9 cm longis, 0.35—0.4 cm latis, oblongo- obovatis, obtusis, glabris, margine albo-membranaceis; calcare recto vel fere recto, glabro, 1—1.1 mm longo, 2—2.5 mm crasso; staminodiis barbatis; folliculis 1.2—1.5 cm longis. Typus: Asia Media, in montibus Ak-tau, 19V1932 n° 119, lg. Russanov; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. Differt a D. bucharico M. Pop. indumento. 17. D. Pallasii Nevski sp. nova (§. Diedropetala). — D. tauricum Pallas, Ind. taur. in Neueste Nordische Beitrage III (1796) 432, nomen nudum. — D. hybridum $8. Ldb. Fl. Ross. I (1842) 61.—D. rossicum Rouy, FI. Fr. I (1893) 134, in adnot. pro parte. Caule 35—115 cm alto, inferne piloso, superne dense glanduloso-pubes- centi; petiolis basi valde dilatatis, ad 10—20 cm longis; lamina foliorum tripar- tita, segmentis petiolulatis in laciniis terminalibus anguste-linearibus bi-triter- natim sectis; racemo erecto, denso, 12—30 cm longo, multifloro; bracteis linearibus, rarius inferioribus bi-tripartitis, pedicello vulgo duplo brevioribus dense pubescentibus; bracteolis lineari-subulatis, 3—5 mm longis; floribus lilacinis; sepalis obtusis, 1—1.3 cm longis, 0.5—0.65 cm latis, dorso adpresse denseque pubescentibus; calcare leviter incurvo, 1.65—2 cm longo, ad 3— 4 mm crasso; folliculis breviter pubescentibus. Typus: Tauria. Herb. Pallas; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. Ab affini D. fisso W. et K. differt sepalis dorso adpresse, nec patentim pubescentibus. ACONITUM L. 18. A. ajanense Steinb. sp. nova.— A. Lycoctonum var. cynoctonum Trautv. et Mey. in Middend. Reise I, 2 (1856) 12. Perenne; caulis ca. 60 cm altus, simplex vel in inflorescentia paucira- meus, infra glaber, supra cum pedunculis pilis crispulis flavescentibus yesti- 556 728 tus; folia radicalia et caulina inferiora longepetiolata ad basin caulis congesta; petioli usque ad 20 cm longi pilis erectis paucis obsiti vel glabri; lamina foliorum tenuia, supra viridia et glabra, ad nervos parce pilosa, infra pallida, glaberrima, margine ciliata, forma foliorum Aconitum ranunculoides Turcz. referens. Racemus terminalis laxiflorus; flores majores sulphurei; pedicelli flores aequantes v. eis breviores, bibracteolati; cassis late claviformis, rostro valde producto, pilis erectis vel crispulis vestita, 1.7—2.3 cm alta, ca. 0.7 cm lata, linea basali ca. 1.5 cm longa; sepala lateralia ovato-rotundata, 0.8 cm longa, 0.7—0.9 cm lata, extus glabra, intus barbata, margine longeci- liata; sepala inferiora inaequalia, 0.7—1 cm longa, 0.2—0.3 et 0.4—0.5 cm lata, extus pilosa, intus plus minusve dense barbata; nectaria calcare semi- circulari-spirali, stipite rectiusculo, labio rotundato; stamina filamentis glabris uni-vel bidentatis. Carpella 3 glabra vel rarius pilosa. H ab.: In silvis ripariis. Typus: Oriens Extremus. Ad ripam maris Ochotensis ad sinum Ajan. 7 VII 1916; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. Nostra species A. ranunculoidi Turcz. valde affinis, sed floribus majori- bus, cassidis forma et calcare nectarii bene differt. 19. A. Sukaczevii Steinb. sp. nova. Perenne; caulis erectus 40—45 cm altus cum inflorescentia molliter patentim villosus; folia radicalia 1—2, longepetiolata; petioli 15—20 cm longi, patentim pilosi; lamina ambitu quinquangularis, usque ad 4—7 cm longa et 8—10 cm lata, late palmato-partita, partitiones versus apicem trilo- batae, lobi rotundato-acuminati glanduliferi; lamina supra adpresse et breviter pilosa, infra ad nervos pilis longis rectis vestita, margine ciliata. Racemus terminalis simplex, laxiflorus; flores viridi-flavescentes; pedicelli 3—5 mm lg. bibracteolati, bracteae et bracteolae usque ad 1 cm longae lineares pilosae ad basin floris insertae; cassis late conico-cylindracea, valde rostrata, erecto- vel subpatentim pilosa, 1—1.5 cm alta, parte media 0.4—0.5 cm lata, linea basali 1,0—1.4 cm lg.; sepala lateralia oblonga 1—1.2 cm longa,’ 0.8—0.9 cm lata, extus glabra, tantum in linea mediana pilosa, intus barbata; sepala inferiora inaequalia, ca. 1 cm longa et ca. 3 et 6 mm lata, extus pilosa, intus plus minusve barbata, margine ciliata; nectaria stipite recto, calcare fere erecto (non adunco), vix incrassato; stamina 10—14, filamentis glabris basi dila- tatis. Carpella 3, glabra. Hab.: In cembretis muscosis. Typus: Sibiria baicalensis. Ad lacum Baical in angustiis Uluntui prope stationem viae ferreae Sljudjanka; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. Ab omnibus speciebus sibiricis sectionis {Lycoctoni habitu alieno, bracteolis bracteisque longis et pubescentia valde differt. 20. A. crassifolium Steinb. sp. nova. Perenne; caulis ca. 70 cm altus, erectus, simplex, parte inferiore sparse, in inflorescentia pilis crispulis flavescentibus dense pubescens; folia radicalia 729 4—5 longepetiolata; petioli 5—15 cm longi, pilis longis sparsis obsiti; lamina ambitu orbiculari-quinquangularis, 6—10 cm lata, 4—6 cm longa, profunde et late palmato-partita, partitiones tridentatae, dentes laterales bi-, mediani tridenticulati, obtusi, glanduliferi; sinus foliorum apertus; folia supra pilis adpressis rectis pilosa, infra praesertim ad nervos et margine ciliata. Racemus terminalis pauciflorus, parte inferiore saepe ramosus, ramis longis arcuato- adscendentibus; flores flavi; pedicelli florem aequantes vel eo multo brevio- res, ad medium vel infra medium lineari-bracteolati; cassis conico-cylindracea, valde rostrata, pilis crispulis flavescentibus longis rarius brevibus rectisque vestita, 1.8—2.5 cm longa, 0.5—0.8 laia, linea basali 1.2—1.5 cm longa; sepala lateralia rotundata, 0.70.9 cm longa et lata, extus glabra, tantum linea mediana pilis brevibus vestita, intus barbata, margine eciliata vel paulo ciliata; inferiora inaequalia, 0.7—0.9 cm longa et ca. 0.2 et 0.4 cm lata, extus pubescentia, intus plus minusve barbata, margine ciliata; nectaria cal- care spiraliter ut in A. umbroso (Korsh.) Kom. rarius semispiraliter contorto; stamina filamentis a medio dilatatis, bidentatis vel edentulis. Carpella 3, plus minusve pubescentia. Hab.: Ad vias et in collucatis silvarum coniferarum. Typus: Oriens Extremus. Sinus ,,Sovetskaja“ 18VII1916 N. P. Krylov; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. Appropinquat ad A. umbrosum (Korsh.) Kom., sed foliis crassis et floribus colore diversum est. 21. A. Krylovii Steinb. sp. nova. — A. ochranthum C. A. M. in Ldb. Fl. Alt. II (1830) 285, pro parte. — A. Lycoctonum Kryl. Ma. 3an. Cu6. V (1931) 1153, non L. Perenne; radix fibrillis nigris vestita; caulis 50—130 cm altus, simplex, angulatus, foliosus, parte inferiore cum petiolis longe patentim pilosus, parte superiore pilis brevibus patentibus flavescentibus dense obsitus; folia radica- lia 12—20 cm lata, 6—10 cm longa, ambitu orbiculari-reniformia, 3—5 rarius 7-palmatopartita, partitiones latae, parce incisae, margine ciliatae; folia supra atrovirentia, pilis adpressis albis vel flavis vestita, infra griseo-viridia, ad nervos longepilosa. Racemus terminalis parte inferiore interdum ramosus; flores intense lutei; cassis cylindracea, 1.2—2.0 cm alta, 0.3—0.4 cm lata, linea basali 1.0—1.2 cm longa, extus pilis flavis rectis obsita; sepala lateralia obovato-rotundata vel leviter asymmetrica 0.9—1 cm longa, 0.8—0.9 em lata, extus dorso pilosa, intus barbata; sepala inferiora subinaequalia, 0.8—0.9 cm longa, 0.4—0.5 cm lata, extus dorso pilosa, intus plus minusve barbata; nectaria calcare longo et recto deorsum spectante, fere non curvato, 3—3.5 mm longo; stamina glabra filamentis a medio dilatatis, interdum bi-vel unidentata. Carpella 3 glabra. Hab.: In silvis montanis collucatis, in decliviis graminosis et pratis silvaticis. 558 730 Typus: Sibiria occidentalis. Vallis fluv. Kujum, ad ostium rivi Korocza Inferior in declivio meridionali graminoso. 17 VII 1915. P. N. Krylov; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. Valde affine A l/asiostomo Rchb., sed pubescentia patente (nec crispula) et carpellis glabris (nec pubescentibus) sat differt. 22. A. monticola Steinb. sp. nova. Perenne; caulis usque ad 1.5 m altus, erectus, ad basin ca. 0.8 cm latus, obsolete angulatus, inferne glaber vel pilis adpressis parvis falciformibus vestitus, in inflorescentia pilis rectis flavescentibus patentim pilosus; folia radicalia et caulina inferiora longepetiolata; petioli usque ad 20 cm longi, costati, adpresse minute pilosi; lamina ambitu orbicularis, usque ad 10 cm longa, et 20 cm lata, profunde palmatim 5—7-partita; partitiones late cuneatae, 3-fidae, lobis acutis, folia supra glabra, infra ad nervos vel rarius ad laminam pilis crispulis vestita; margine minute ciliata. Racemus 40—45 cm longus, superne densus, multiflorus, inferne ramosus; flores flavi; pediceili flores aequantes, vel eis multo breviores longioresve; cassis latecylindracea, 1.0— 1.5 cm alta, ad medium 0.5—0.6 cm lata, linea basali 1.3—1.5 cm longa, rostro valde producto; sepala lateralia obovata vel ovata, 1—1.2 cm longa, 0.7—0.8 cm lata, extus glabra sed linea mediana pubescentia, intus glabra vel paullo barbata, eciliata; sepala lateralia subinaequalia ca. 1 cm longa, 0.4—0.5 cm lata, extus pubescentia, intus glabra, margine sparse ciliata; nectaria calcare brevi (ad 2 mm longo) recto, non curvato; stamina glabra filamentis a medio abrupte dilatatis, uni- vel bidentatis, vel edentulis. Carpella 3, glabra. Hab.: In vallibus fluviorum ad limitem superiorem silvarum. Typus: Asia Media. Alatau Soongoricus, in promontoriis meridionem versus a Lepsinsk. 14 VI1909. R. Roshevitz; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conser- vatur. Ab omnibus speciebus seriei Longicassidati lamina foliorum supra glabra dignoscitur. 23. A. Flerovii Steinb. sp. nova.— A. Napellus y. paniculatum Rgl. us. f. mosquense Rgl. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXIV 3 (1861) 107. Perenne; radix biennis; caulis usque ad 1 m altus, tantum in inflorescen- tia ramosus, aequaliter foliosus, glaber; folia petiolata, glaberrima; lamina foliorum ambitu orbiculata, 5—8 cm longa, 6—10 cm lata, pedato 3-fida, segmentum medianum foliorum inferiorum subpetiolulatum; segmenta secun- daria 0.5—0.7 cm lata obtuso-laciniata. Racemus terminalis laxiflorus, bracteae florum inferiorum majusculae foliis similes trilobatae; flores intense violacei; cassis sub anthesi hians glabra, 1.8—2 cm longa, 0.8—1.1 cm alta, in parte superiore 1.0—1.2 cm lata; sepala lateralia leviter asymmetrica 1.2—1.5 cm longa, 1.0—1.2 cm lata, extus glabra, intus barbata, margine ciliolata; nectaria stipite apice paulo incurvo, calcare usque ad 0.2 cm longo leviter adunco, 559 731 cuculli usque ad 0.2 cm lati, labio in apice latiore exciso; filamenta glabra basi dilatata 1—2-dentata vel edentula. Carpella 3 glabra. Hab.: In paludibus et silvis paludosis. Typus: Rossia europaea media. Prov. Vladimir (olim). Prope pag. Eltzy in alneto caenoso ad marginem paludis turfosae Veredischino, n° 1003. 1 VIII 1913. M. I. Nasarov; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. Ab-omnibus speciebus seriei Ambigua bracteis inferioribus latis triloba- tis bene differt. 24. A. Smirnovii (Sukacz.) Steinb. sp. nova—A. Napellus var. Smir- novit Sukacz. in sched. ad Herb. Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS. Perenne; radix biennis obovato-fusiformis 2—3.5 cm longa, usque ad 1.5 cm lata; caulis erectus, strictus, simplex 25—45 cm altus, inferne glaber, in inflorescentia pedunculisque pilis brevibus mollibus patentim vestitus, in parte superiore dense foliatus, folia caulina superiora brevipetiolata, adpressa, inferiora sub anthesi emarcida, longepetiolata, petioli 5—8 cm longi; lamina foliorum 5—6 cm longa, 6—9 cm lata, glabra, supra ad nervos pilis brevibus obsita, parce ciliata, ambitu orbiculata profunde palmatim 5—7-secta; seg- menta primaria e basi cuneata 0.4—0.6 cm lata bi-trifida; segmenta secundaria lanceolato-laciniata, laciniis 0.2—0.5 cm latis, acuminatis vel acutis. Racemus terminalis 3—7 cm longus, densus (racemus_ laxiflorus—var. jenisseense Steinb.), pedunculi 2—4-plo flore breviores; flores mediocres, intense violacei (in sicco); cassis hemisphaerica vel subnavicularis 1.5—2 cm longa, usque ad 1—2 cm alta, in parte superiore usque ad 1.5 cm lata post anthesin nonnihil hians; sepala lateralia leviter asymmetrica 1.2—2 cm longa et lata, extus et intus glabra, parce ciliata; sepala inferiora inaequalia usque ad 1.5 cm longa, 2—3 et 0.5—0.7 cm lata, etiam extus et intus glabra, parce ciliata; nectaria curvata, stipite cucullo 3—4-plo longiore, calcare capitato, 1—1.5 mm in diametro; cucullus vix inflatus 2.5—3 mm latus labio pau‘ulum exciso, filamenta glabra bidentata, pars filamentorum difatata partem supe- riorem superans. Carpella 3 (rarius 4) glabra. Hab.: In cacuminibus ad limitem superiorem silvae e laricibus et cedris sibiricis solitariis in pratis paludosis. Typus: Dauria. In systemate fl. Onon, ad fontes fl. Kumyl. In planitie excelsa lapidosa jugi Kumyl. 29 VII 1913. V. Smirnov; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. 25. A. altaicum Steinb. sp. nova.— A. Napellus var. alpinum Rgl. in Ind. sem. Horti Petrop. (1861) 45, pro parte; Rgl. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXIV, 3 (1861) 103 pro parte; Kppa. Ma. San. Cu6. V, 1149. Perenne; radix biennis ovato-fusiformis vel fusiformis, usque ad 2 cm et ultra longa, 1 cm lata; caulis erectus, simplex, cylindricus, inferne glaber, superne cum pedunculis breviter puberulus, aequaliter foliatus; folia brevipe- tiolata; lamina foliorum ambitu quinquangularis usque ad basin trisecta, 560 732 segmento mediano e basi cuneato, trilobato, lobis incisis, laciniis obtusiusculis. | vel acuminatis segmentis lateralibus profunde bipartitis etiam bi-trilobatis, lobis laciniisque obtusiusculis vel acuminatis; lamina supra viridis, subtus. pallida, glabra, margine leviter revoluta. Racemus terminalis brevis, simplex, usque ad 15 cm longus; flores intense violacei, 2—3 cm longi, usque ad 1.5 cm lati; cassis ca. 1.7 cm longus et 0.8 cm altus in parte superiore 1-—1.5 cm latus sub anthesi hians, hemisphaericus superne rotundatus, glaber, ad rostrum. ciliatus; sepala lateralia rotundata ca. 1.3 cm in diametro, extus glabra intus. barbata margine ciliata; sepala inferiora inaequalia, usque ad 1 cm longa et 0.3—0.5cm lata; minus extus pubescens, intus glabrum, majus extus pubescens, intus barbatum, ambo ciliata; nectaria stipite valde curvato, calcare usque ad 1 mm in diametro capitato, cuculli usque ad 2 mm lati, labio majore obcordato exciso; filamenta glabra supra medium sensim dilatata. Carpella 3 glabra vel paulo pilosa. Hab.: In zona subalpina ad ripas, in clivis non arduis, in pratis. Typus: Sibiria occidentalis. Oirotia. Ad fontes rivi Atryk, confluvii flum. Kuba, in rupestribus saxosisque. 21 VII1915. P. Krylov; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. 26. A. baicalense Turcz. pl. exs. nomen. — A. Napellus «., 8., y.. Turez. Fl. baic.-dah. I (1842) 80.— A. Napellus y. paniculatum lusus c. baica- lense Rgl. in Ind. sem. Hort. Petrop. (1861) 45; Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. XXXIV, 3 (1861) 106.— A. Napellus 3. racemosum Rgl. lusus b. mongolicum Rgl. in Ind. sem. Hort. Petrop. (1861) 46; Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXIV, 3 (1861) 108. — A. Napellus var. mongolicum (Rgl.) Sukacz. in sched. Perenne; radix biennis fusiformis 2—5 cm longa, usque ad 1.3 cm lata non raro fibrillis nigris obsita; caulis 70—100 cm altus simplex vel in inflore- scentia ramosus, in parte media saepe dense foliatus, glaber, vel in inflore- scentia pilis crispulis plus minusve pilosus (var. commune Turcz. in schedis); interdum caulis tantum ad 40 cm altus, tunc in parte superiore evidenter pilosus et flores minores habet (var. alpinum Turcz. in schedis); folia griseo- viridia, adpressa, glabra, radicalia sub anthesi emarcida, petiolata, petioli folio- rum caulinorum usque ad 1.5 cm foliorum basalium ad 7 cm longi; lamina usque ad 6—10 cm longa, 8—12 cm lata palmatim 5—7-secta, segmenta primaria late lanceolata, cuneata; segmenta secundaria lanceolato-linearia 4—5 mm lata, vel linearia 2—3 mm lata, dentibus obtusato-acuminatis; segmentum medium in parte latissima 4—7 mm latum. Racemus terminalis simplex densus, vel ramosus; flores coeruleo-violacei (in sicco) petiolos superantes, ca. 3 cm longi, 1.3 cm lati; cassis hians glabra 2—2.5 cm longa, in parte superiore 1.5—1.7 cm lata, 1 cm alta, rostro producto subcurvato; sepala lateralia rotundata vel triangulari-rotundata, usque ad 1.5 cm longa et lata, extus glabra, intus barbata, margine ciliata; sepala inferiora inaequalia, 1—1.2 cm longa et ca. 3 et 5 mm lata etiam extus glabra; nectaria stipite curvato, calcare capitato ca. 1 mm in diametro, cuculli paulo inflati 2—2.5 mm lati, 561 733 labio parvo exciso sursum incurvo; filamenta parce pilosa vel glabra, dilatata. Carpella 3—5 glabra. Hab.: In steppis, pratis atque in sylvis. Typus: Dauria Nerczinensis 1831. Turczaninov; in Herb. Ac. Se. URSS conservatur. (Descripsit E. Steinberg). 27. A. Czekanovskyi Steinb. sp. nova.—A. Napellus 6. racemosum 6. sibiricum Rgl. in Ind. sem. Horti Petrop. (1861) 46; Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. XXXIV, 3 (1861) 109. Perenne; radix biennis fusiformis; caulis 1—1.2 m altus, strictus fere simplex vel in inflorescentia ramosus, cylindricus, inferne glaber, superne in inflorescentia pedunculisque pilis brevibus mollibus patentibus vestitus, internodiis longis; folia viridia, glabra, inferiora longepetiolata, petioli 4—7 cm longi, superiora fere sessilia vel brevi-petiolata; lamina ambitu quinquangula- ris 10—12 cm lata, 8—9 cm longa, palmatim 5-secta, segmenta primaria longe cuneata in parte latissima 1—1.2 cm lata, segmenta secundaria _bi-tripartita, partitionibus elongatis lanceolatis, 2—3 cm longis, 0.39.5 cm latis. Racemus terminalis laxiflorus 15—40 cm longus; flores obscure violacei, pediceilati, pedicelli 2.5—5 cm longi, cassis ca. 1.5 cm longa, in parte superiore I cm lata, 0.7—0.8 cm alta, hemisphaerica, apice rotuadata fronte recto vel paulo sinuato; sepala lateralia obovata, ca. 1.3 cm longa et 1 cm lata, extus et intus pubescens; sepala inferiora ca. 1 cm longa, 0.2 et 0.5 cm lata, minus extus pubescens intus glaber, majus extus hinc inde pubescens, filamenta glabra bidentata vel unidentata. Carpella 3 glabra. Hab.: In silvis et ad ripas. Typus: Sibiria. Prov. Krasnojarsk. In ripa sinistra flum. Czunja, in pratis inundatis inter frutices. 29. VII 1931. A. M. Rubin; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. 28. A. seravschanicum Steinb. sp. nova.— A. rotundifolium Kar. et Kir. var. elatior in sched. Perenne; radicis grumae 4—12, fusiformes, 1—4(8) cm longae, 0.2— 0.5 cm latae; caulis 20—100 cm altus, erectus, cylindricus, inferne glaber, superne et in inflorescentia pilis brevibus mollibus crispulis vestitus; folia radicalia 3—12 longe-petiolata, vaginata; lamina 8—15 cm lata, 4—9 cm longa, supra et infra glabra, orbiculata, 5—7-partita; partitiones late rhomboideae, 3-fidae, incisae, laciniae obtusiusculae puncto calloso terminatae. Racemus terminalis laxiflorus, 283—40 cm longus, inferne interdum ramosus; flores 1.8— 2.5 cm longi, 1.5---2 cm lati, pedicelli 0.5—2 cm longi, infra medium bhibra- cteolati; cassis extus pilis brevibus mollibus vestita, navicularis, 1.5—2.5 cm longa, 0.5—1 cm lata, coeruleo-lilacina margine lutea; sepala lateralia 1.5— 2 cm longa, 1—2 cm lata, margine undulata, pallide flavescentia; nectaria calcare globoso paulo curvato, labium appendices duos filiformes, usque ad 2 mm longos, 7—8-plo stipite breviores formans, f;!amenta pilosa vel rarius 562 734 glabra; antherae virides. Carpella 5, pilis albis crispulis vel rectis vestita, rarius glabra. Hab.: In lapidosis regionis alpinae et in juniperetis, 2710—3070 m. Typus: Asia Media. In jugi Turkestanici declivio boreali, m. Kurga- nak, ad fontes fluv. Au-Korczegai, juniperetum. 9 VIII 1934. K. Afanassjev; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. Planta habitu A. rotundifolium referens, sed foliis majoribus, floris colore et nectarii forma distincta est. 29. A. angusticassidatum Steinb. sp. nova. Perenne; rhizoma cateniformis; caulis usque ad 50 cm altus, strictus, simplex, cylindricus, 6—7 mm crassus ad basin et in medio pilis brevibus rectis albis puberulus; folia inferiora leviter puberula petiolata, petioli 3.5— 5 cm longi; folia media brevia, late petiolata, petioli 1—1.5 cm longi, 3— 4 mm lati; folia superiora sessilia; lamina usque ad 4 cm Ionga, 4—5 cm lata, ambitu orbiculata, palmatim 5—7-secta, segmenta basi anguste cuneata, segmentum medianum in parte latissima 0.6—0.8 cm latum, lateralia angustiora; segmenta 2—5-partita, partitionibus dentibus longis obtusiusculisque glandula terminatis, 1.5—2.5 mm latis; folia supra fere glabra, pilis raris dispersis ves- tita subtus imprimis ad nervos densius pilosa, marginibus ciliata. Racemus terminalis densiflorus, usque ad 10 cm longus, rarius longior tunc rostel- lum longius saepe incurvum et cassis altior sed tunc solito rostro producto, saepe curvato et casside altiore. Flores intense violacei 2.6—2.8 cm longi, 1.0—1.4 cm lati; cassis puberula, angusta, rostro recto cassidis tergo sub- perpendiculari, 1.7—1.9 cm longa, in parte superiore 1.0—1.3 cm, in parte media 0.3—0.4 cm lata, 0.4—0.5 cm alta, rarius rostrum curvatum, cassis usque ad 1 cm alta; sepala lateralia fere rotundata leviter asymmetrica, extus puberula vel vix pilosa intus parce pilosa vel glabra, margine ciliata, 1.8—2 cm longa, 1.2—1.3 cm lata; sepala inferiora 1.0—1.1 cm longa, 1.5—3 et 3—6 mm lata, extus et intus parce pilosa, vel intus glabra, margine ciliata; nectaria stipite fere recto calcare capitato, cuculli leviter inflati, 2—2.5 mm lati, labio sursum declinato bilobo, filamenta sensim ad medium dilatata, pilosa. Carpella 3—4, glabra. Hab.: Ad ripas. Typus: Asia media. Prope fl. Sary-Dzhas. 1866. Krassnov; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. Differt ab omnibus speciebus seriei Longituberosa caule humiliore a basi puberulo, foliorum forma, petiolis latioribus et casside angusta. 30. A. Saposhnikovii B. Fedtsch. sp. nova. Perenne; rhizoma tenue, cateniforme e tuberibus minutis concretis compositum, 5—6 mm longis latisque; caulis usque 55 cm altus, ad basin 2— 3 mm crassus, cylindricus, pilis minutis tantum sub lente distinctis adspersum, in inflorescentia pubes densior e pilis crispis constans, rarius e pilis rectis; 563 735 folia 3—8, lamina eorum 25—40 mm longa, 50—60 mm lata, praesertim in triente inferiore caulis congesta, ambitu quinquangularis usque ad basin in partes quinque late cuneiformes partita; omnes partes 2—3-fidae, rotundato- acuminato-dentatae, 3—8 mm _ longae, 2—4 mm latae; pars media non fissa, 12—20 mmlt., folia utrinque glabrescentia, pilis paucis tantum ad nervos praedita, margine parce ciliata. Inflorescentia laxe racemosa, pauciflora; flores 4—8 pallide violacei basi albomaculati (in sicco), usque ad 28 mm longi, 12 mm lati; cassis florum evolutorum a sepalis lateralibus valde reflexa 14— 16 mm longa, 11 mm lata prope rostrum, 5—7 mm alta, parce pubescens, sub- glabra, ad rostrum magis puberula, margine ciliata; sepala lateralia subrotun- data; interdum subinaequilateralia, 10—14 mm longa, 10—12 mm lata, intus longe pilosa, extus glabra vel parce adspersa pilis crispis, margine ciliolata; sepala inferiora valde inaequalia 9—10 mm longa, 1—5 mm lata; intus sub- glabra, extus puberula; nectaris ungue subarcuato, calcare 0.5—1 mm longo, lamina 1—2 mm lata, apice in labium parvum recurvum emarginatum abiente; filamenta glabra, versus basin dilatata. Carpella 3, glabra. Hab.: In sylvis abietinis, in vallibus fluviorum. Typus: Asia media. Tian-Schan. In valle fl. Naryn inter fl. Imet et Kaschka-su. 20 VI—2 VIII 1913. W. Saposhnikow; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. 31. A. Tranzschelii Steinb. sp. nova. Perenne; rhizoma tenue cateniforme e tuberibus minutis concretis compositum, tubera usque ad 5 mm lata, 6—7 mm longa, fibrillis obsita; caulis usque ad 80 cm altus, strictus, basi 3—3.5 mm latus, pilis brevibus adpressis crispulis leviter vestitus, interdum in inflorescentia pilis patentibus obsitus; folia caulina basalia longepetiolata, petioli 7—15 cm longi, lamina. 3—4 cm longa, 5—7.5 cm lata, supra pallide viridis, pubescentia tantum sub lente conspicua, subtus pallidior, omnino glabra, ambitu quinquangularis, 3—5- secta; segmenta late-cuneata, 2—3-partita, partitionibus late-obtusiusculo- dentatis; segmentum medianum in parte latissima 2—3 cm latum; sinus clausus vel fere clausus. Racemus terminalis pauciflorus, basi 1—2 ramulis instructus; flores pallide-violacei vel violacei (in sicco) usque ad 3 cm longi, 1.2 cm lati; cassis usque ad 2 cm longa, longe rostrata, 1.5—1.7 cm lata in parte superiore 0.5—0.8 cm alta apud flores ad amussin evolutos hians vix vel in rostro densius. puberula; sepala lateralia rotundata vel leviter asymmetrica, 1.3—1.5 cm longa et lata extus parce adpresse puberula, intus parce pilosa vel glabra, ciliata; sepala inferiora valde inaequalia 1.3—1.4 cm longa, 0.2—0.3 et 0.6— 0.7 cm lata, extus adpresse pilosa, sepalum majus intus parce longe pilosum, minus — glabrum; nectaria stipite curvato, calcare capitato, 0.5—0.75 mm in diametro, cuculli usque ad 2 mm lati, labio bilobo sursum incurvo; filamenta glabra, ad basin dilatata, tantum unidentata vel edentula. Carpella 4—5, glabra. Hab.: Ad rupes, in Juniperetis. 564 | 736 Typus: Asia Media. Kirghizia, distr. Osch. Prope Irkeschtam in Juni- | peretis 21 VII1900. W. Tranzschel; in Herb Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. Similis est A. Saposhnikovii , sed foliorum forma et floribus majoribus distinguitur. ANEMONE L. 32. A. petiolulosa Juz. sp. nova (Subgen. Eriocephalus Hook. f. et Thoms., sect. Oriba Adans.). Folia radicalia petiolis glabris, laminis 3-sectis, segmentis 2—15 mm longe petiolulatis (petiolulis haud raro quam ipse segmentum longioribus) usque ad basin 2—3-sectis segmentis secundi ordinis sessilibus vel medio breve petiolulato, vel (segmentis) fere usque ad basin 2—3-partitis, parti- tionibus ad, medium 2—3-fidis, lobulis integris vel 2—3-dentatis dentibus obtusis vel apice breve acuminatis, glabra; caulis 2—18 cm lg., petiolos folio- rum radicalium 2—3-plo superans, glaber vel superne pilis singulis appressis praeditus; folia involucri 2—3, basi quasi in petiolum cuneiformem vel late linearem subito angustata, 3-partita partitionibus 3-fidis lobulis 2—3 dentatis. Pedunculi 1—3 appresse (superne densissime) pilosi, laterales in parte infe- riore involucello 2-phyllo induti; flores saepius paullo declinati, postea nutantes 1—3 (—4) cm diam.; perianthium 5-phyllum phyllis ovatis, ellipticis vel oblongo- ellipticis apice rotundatis vel paullo angustatis, pallide luteis extus = purpu- rascentibus et dense appresse pilosis; stamina filamentis basin versus dilatatis, antheris oblongo-linearibus; styli flavidi; carpella ca. 4 mm lg. FI. fine III—IV. Hab.: In declivibus argillosis, rarius lapidosis stepposis et montanis Asiae Mediae (Tian-Schan occident., jug. Turkestanicum, Zeravschan, Kuhitang, montes Turcomaniae). Typus: Prov. Syr-Darja, distr. Taschkent, ad declivia argillosa prope Ak-tasch in montibus Karshan-tau. 1922. 12. IV. fl. leg. Eug. Korovin; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. Affinitas: ab A. biflora DC. (planta iranica) et A. Gortschakowii Kar. et Kir. (planta tianschanica) imprimis foliorum structura omnino aliena optime distinguitur. 33. A. almaatensis Juz. sp. nova (Subgen. Eriocephalus Hook. f. et Thoms., sect. Oriba Adans.). Valde affinis A. Gortschakowii Kar. et Kir., a qua notis sequentibus differt: tota planta debilior et gracilior, caule ad 25 cm alt. folia magis dis- secta segmentis medianis plerumque breve sed conspicue petiolulatis, plus quam ad medium, interdum fere ad basin 3-partitis partitionibus profundius lobulatis et praesertim dentatis dentibus valde elongatis paullo numerosioribus (numerus totalis dentium segmenti mediani 12—17(—20), apice distinctius acuminatis; folia involucri quoad dissectionis modum radicalibus similia, den- tibus quam in A. Gortschakowii quoque longioribus et acutioribus; perianthii 565 737 phylla plerumque quam in A. Gortschakowii paullo angustiora, versus apicem saepe angustata, oblongo-ovata. Floret IV. Hab.: In declivibus montanis siccis montium Tian-Schan (vicin. opp. Alma-ata), solo argilloso. Typus: Kazakhstania (olim prov. Semiretschje), in vicinit. opp. Alma- ata (olim Wierny) 1888 27 III., leg. J. Killoman; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS con- servatur. 34. A. oligotoma Juz. sp. nova (Subg. Eriocephalus Hook. f. et Thoms., sect. Oriba Adans.). Folia radicalia petiolis glabris, laminis 3-sectis segmentis sessilibus vel subsessilibus lateralibus ultra medium vel fere ad basin partitis partitionibus 2—3-dentatis vel plerumque ad 1/, 2—3-fidis lobulis 2-dentatis dentibus brevi- usculis creniformibus, segmento mediano plerumque non ultra medium 3-partito partitionibus 2—3-dentatis vel 2—3-fidis lobulis 2-dentatis, numerus totalis dentium segmenti mediani (5) 7—9 (12); caulis 6—20 cm alt.; folia invo- lucri basi cuneata ad medium 3-partita partitionibus 2—3-lobulatis lobulis integerrimis et 2—3-dentatis dentibus obtusis vel acutiusculis. Pedunculi 1 vel 2, uniflori, lateralis juxta medium foliis involucelli 2 parvis praeditus, pilis sat densis appressis paullo crispatis vestiti; flores 1.5—3.5 cm diam; perianthii phylla anguste oblongo-ovata vel late obovata, pallide lutea, extus rubescentia et adpresse pilosa; stamina filamentis basin versus dilatatis flave- scentibus antheris lineari-lanceolatis luteis ca. 1 mm lg.; carpella ca. 3 mm Ig., stylo iis duplo breviore. IV — initio V. Hab.: In declivibus lapidosis montium, in schistosis et in pratis salsuginosis ad ripas fluvium Asiae Mediae (jugum Alaicum et in valle Alai). Typus: in valle fl. Isfairam infra traject. Tengiz-bai, Dessiatova sub n° 1768; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. Affinitas: a proxima A. Gortschakowii Kar. et Kir. (specie tianscha- nica) foliis minus dissectis dentibus minus numerosis satis diversa. 35. A. impexa Juz. sp. nova (Subgen. Homalocarpus DC.). Perennis; folia radicalia petiolis subflexuosis pilis erecto-patentibus ve] laxe accumbentibus tectis, ambitu fere rotundata vel triangularia, trisecta segmentis breve petiolulatis cuneato-obovatis vel rhomboideis, profunde (lateralia fere ad basin) 2—3-partitis, partitionibus anyustissimis superne profunde !2—3-fidis lobulis integerrimis lineari-lanceolatis vel linearibus acutis; supra glabra vel disperse pilosa, margine disperse vel sat dense breviuscule ciliata; caulis 12—45 cm alt. erectus saepe paullo flexuosus sicut petioli vestitus; folia involucri parva, usque ad ?/,—®*/, partita partitionibus lanceolatis vel anguste lanceolatis integerrimis acutis, sicut folia radicalia pilosa vel subtus sat dense pilosa. Pedunculi 3—4 in numero, florendi tempore foliis involucri subaequilongi vel triplo longiores, pilis accumbentibus 566 '38 vestiti; flores 2—3.5 cm diam.; perianthii phylla obovata alba vel extus roseola extus plerumque ad nervum medium pilosa; fructus ignoti. VI—VIL. Hab.: In pratis alpinis Transcaucasiae australis. Typus: m. Alagez, ad fontes fl. Dali-tschai, loco dicto Chadzhi-mugum- jurt, leg. N. A. Busch; in Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sc. URSS conservatur. Affinitas: ab A. fasciculata L. (in Caucaso late distributa) optime distinguitur pubescentia caulium petiolorumque, foliorum supra glabrescen- tium forma, eorum lobulis angustioribus; ab A. protracta (Ulbr.) Juz. (specie medioasiatica) jam segmento medio foliorum sessili abhorret. 36. A. biarmiensis Juz. sp. nova (Subgen. Homalocarpus Adans.). Folia radicalia petiolis saepe valde elongatis pilis sat densis haud longis horizontaliter patentibus vel plerumque paullo reversis vestitis, laminis ambitu rotundato-reniformibus 3-sectis, segmentis conspicue petiolulatis petiolulis haud raro sat longis (ad 1.2 cm, in speciminibus maximis ad 2 cm lg.), late rhomboi- deis, lateralibus fere ad basin 2-partitis partitionibus latiusculis usque ad medium 2—3-fidis lobis oblongis integerrimis vel plerumque apice sat longe et irregu- lariter 2—4 inciso-dentatis, dentibus porrectis vel interdum curvatis plerum- que acutiusculis, rarius obtusiusculis; supra plerumque glabra vel subglabra subtus pilis sparsis vel raro sat densis breviusculis vestita; caulis 15—65 cm alt. erectus sicut petioli vestitus; folia involucri plerumque ad ”/, partita parti- tionibus interdum integerrimis sed plerumque apice 2—3-fidis lobulis porrectis oblongis digitiformibus acutiusculis vel obtusis, quam radicalia saepius den- sius pilosa. Pedunculi 2—6 in numero initio foliis involucri subaequilongi, postea multo longiores, in planta fructifera valde elongati pilis haud densis tenuibus saepe paullo crispatis erecto-patentibus vestiti; flores haud magni vel mediocres 1.8—3 cm diam.; perianthii phylla elliptica vel obovata versus basin apicemque plerumque angustata, alba, utrinque glabra; carpella majuscula ca 7 mm lg. Floret VI—VII. Hab.: in silvis montanis, in fruticetis, in schistosis et in declivibus herbosis apricis regionis silvaticae et alpinae montium Uralensium. Typus: In monte Jurma leg. P. N. Krylov; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. Affinitas: ab affinibus bene differt structura et pubescentia foliorum radicalium et imprimis eorum segmentis distincte petiolulatis, ceterum foliorum involucralium denticulatione peculiari. 37. A. Schrenkiana Juz. sp. nova. (Subgen. Homalocarpus Adans.). Folia caulina petiolis brevibus et paullo arcuatis vel longis et strictis pilis densissimis longis valde reflexis tectis, laminis ambitu late triangularibus 3.sectis segmentis latis lateralibus sessilibus vel breve petiolulatis, mediis fere semper conspicue et interdum sat longe (ad 1 cm lg.) petiolulatis, lateralibus fere ad basin 2 (—3)-partitis partitionibus 2—3-fidis lobulis integerrimis vel 567 739 2—3-dentatis, mediis subpinnato 3-partitis partitionibus 3-fidis lobulis intezer- rimis vel dentatis sicut dentes obtusiusculis vel obtusis; supra subglabra sub- tus pilis longis laxe accumbentibus vel patulis vestita; caulis 8—45 cm alt. erectus strictus vel subflexuosus sicut petioli vestitus; folia involucri parva ad */; partita partitionibus integerrimis vel apice 3-inciso-dentatis sicut dentes obtusiusculis vel obtusis, supra disperse subtus plerumque dense pilosa. Pedunculi plures involucrum 2—4-plo superantes pilis erecto-patentibus paullo crispatis vestiti; flores parvi vel mediocres 1.7—3 cm diam.; perianthii phylla elliptica, basi et apice angustata, alba, subtus glabra vel ad basin et ad nervum medium interdum pilosa; fructus haud magni ca. 6 mm lg. late elliptici. Fl. VI—VII. Hab.: In pratis et pratulis in regione silvatica et alpina montium Alatau Dshungarici et Tarbagatai. Typus: iter Songoricum, leg. Schrenk; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS. con- servatur. Affinitas: medium tenet inter A. protractam (Ulbr.) Juz. et A. crinitam Juz., a priore imprimis pubescentia caulium et petiolorum, a posteriore seg- mento medio foliorum radicalium petiolulato et pilis caulium et petiolorum magis reversis diversa. 38. A. crinita Juz. sp. nova (Subgen. Homalocarpus Adans.). Folia radicalia petiolis longis basi dilatatis pilis longis fere appressis subsericeis tectis ceterum pilis longissimis et densissimis horizontaliter paten- tibus et reflexis vestitis; laminis circumscriptione rotundato-reniformibus 3- vel plerumque (fere) 5-sectis segmentis latis sessilibus vel medio breve petiolulato triplicato 2—3-partitis acuminibus lineari-lanceolatis porrectis vel leviter curvatis acutiusculis vel acutis; subtus et plerumque margine pilis longis +: densis, supra dispersis (plerumque ad nervos dispositis) tectis; caulis 12— 45 cm alt. robustus erectus sicut petioli vestitus; folia involucri magna modo dissectionis et forma dentium radicalia revocantia subtus plerumque longe pilosa, supra disperse pilosa. Pedunculi 3—5 in numero, pilis densiusculis erecto-patentibus tenuiusculis paullo crispatis vestiti, tempore florendi involucro subaequilongi vel parum longiores, postea duplo et ultra, fructiferi triplo longiores; flores plerumque magni, 2—4 cm diam,; perianthii phylla obovata vel elliptica, alba, plerumque utrinque glabra; fructus magni, 6—9 mm lg., late obovati vel elliptici. Floret VI—VII. Hab.: In pratis subalpinis et silvaticis, in marginibus silvarum, in declivibus herbosis, rarius in alpinis montium Sibiriae australis et Mongoliae borealis. Typus: Sibiria occident., Prov. Tomsk, syst. fl. Abakan, in alpe Dzhozen, ad fontes fl. Kanzas 1897 8 VII J. Wagner; in Herb. Acad. Sc. URSS conservatur. Affinitas: a planta europaea (A. narcissiflora L. s. str.) pubescentia caulium petiolorumque e pilis longissimis constanter distinguenda. 568 140 39. A. sachalinensis Juz. sp. nova (Subgen. Homalocarpus Adans.). Folia radicalia petiolis pilis horizontaliter patentibus sparsis v. parcis tecti, ambitu fere rotundata, 3-secta, segmentis distincte petiolulatis, latissimis, profunde 2—3-partitis partitionibus lobulatis, lobulis incisis acuminibus oblongis obtusiusculis vel obtusis; utrinque glabra vel parce pilosa, margine breve ciliata; caulis 15—35 cm alt. sat robustus strictus vel paullo flexuosus sicut petioli vestitus superne saepe glaber; folia involucri haud magni, bipartiti acuminibus obtusis, utrinque pilosa. Pedunculi 2—5 in numero, in planta fructifera elongati folia involucri 2—4-plo superantes, haud dense vel sparse pilosi. Flores adhuc ignoti, fructus 5—7 mm lg. Fr. fine VI. Hab.: in cacumine montium ins. Sachalin, in lapidosis, in cembretis (Pini pumilae (Pall.) Rgl.). Typus: In summo monte Ktauzi-pal (Pic de la Martiniére) 1860 11 VII, fr. leg. Glehn; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. Affinitas: A. sibiricae L. sine dubio valde affinis sed habitu robus- tiore, foliorum et eorum segmentorum distincte petiolulatorum forma, dentibus foliorum obtusioribus satis diversa. Ab A. biarmiensi Juz. caulibus petiolisque minus dense pilosis, foliis minus dissectis distinguenda. 40. A. brevipedunculata Juz. sp. nova (Subgen. Homalocarpus Adans.). Folia radicalia petiolis pilis haud longis horizontaliter patentibus vel paullo reflexis superne saepe sparsioribus tectis, ambitu rotundato-reniformia vel plerumque rotundata, 5-secta segmentis sessilibus late rhomboideis pro- funde (usque ad */,) partitis partitionibus usque ad medium 2—3-lobulatis lobulis integerrimis vel plerumque apice profunde 2—3-inciso-dentatis sicut dentes acutiusculis vel acutis; supra plerumque solum ad nervos paullo pilosa subtus disperse pilosa margine breviter ciliata; caules 16—35 cm lg. erecti sicut petioli vestiti; folia involucri mediocria vel sat magna usque ad 3/, partita partitionibus superne 2—3-lobulatis lobulis integerrimis vel inter- dum 2—3-inciso-dentatis, sicut dentes acutiusculis, utrinque disperse pilosa (supra plerumque solum ad nervos). Pedunculi 2—5 in numero brevissimi 0.5—2 cm lg. quam folia involucri breviores, in planta fructifera fere non elongati, pilis sparsis erecto-patentibus tenuibus tecti; flores parvi 1.5— 2.5 cm diam.; perianthium phyllis anguste ellipticis vel obovatis albis utrinque glabris; fructus 5—7 mm lg. Floret VI—VII. Hab.: In silvis frondosis in declivibus montium regionis Ussuriensis. Typus: in valle fl. Tjutiche, 190917 V, fl. N. V. Djukina; paratypus ad sin. Olgae 1907 27 VI, fr. N. Desoulavy; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. Affinitas: planta singularis A. sibiricae L. affinis sed jam pedunculis valde abbreviatis necnon loco natali distinctissima. 741 PULSATILLA MILL. 41. P. Sukaczewii Juz. sp. nova. (Subgen. Campanaria Endl.). Petioli disperse patulo-pilosi, folia pilis dispersis parcisve longis paten- tibus vestiti; folia involucri sat dense patulo-pilosa; flores aperti, pallidi, solum extus leviter violaceo suffusi; reliqua P. tenuilobae (Hayek) Juz. Hab.: in declivibus lapidosis Sibiriae orientalis ad lit. lac. Baical. Typus: Lac. Baical, lit. occidentalis, 52°40’ declivia lapidosa boreal. promont. (montis) Krestovka 1928 VI 30 fl. V. N. Sukaczew, K. A. Rassadina et N. A. Bryzshew; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. RANUNCULUS L. 42. R. Krylovii Ovcz. sp. nova. — R. monophyllus f. latisectus Ovez. in Not. Syst. Hort. Petropol. Ill (1922) 55.—R. altaicus Rozanova in Trav. Inst. Petergoff (1931) n 8, non Laxm. Planta perennis 10—20 (28) cm alta; radices tenues fasciculatae; caules solitarii vel pauci erecti aut plus minusve ascendenti-erecti, debiles, simplices raro paulo ramosi, glabri interdum in parte superiore vix puberuli, basi 1—2 squamis aphyllis; folia radicalia longepetiolata cordato-orbiculata plerumque usque ad medium vel profundius trifida, laciniae plus minusve late-rhomboi- deae margine rotundato-dentato-incisae raro folia subinterga, utrinque sparse puberula; dentes foliorum rotundato-oblongi margine integri aut subdenticu- lati apice plus minusve apiculati; folia caulina fere a basi partita segmentis oblongo-rhomboideis magnis margine irregulariter obtuse dentato-incisis, supra sparse puberulis subtus subglabris, 3—4-nerviis. Pedicelli adpresse puberuli; flores 1.2—1.5(2) cm in diametro; sepala obovato-elliptica vix puberula ad 5—7 mm lg. vix patentia; petala obovata ad 7—10 mm lg,; receptaculum glabrum oblongum; carpella pubescentia rostro brevi erecto ad 0.5—0.8 mm lg. apice unciniforme curvato. Fl. VI—VIII. Hab. In silva mixta, in betuletis et in montibus ad limitem superiorem silvarum reg. Altai, Alatau Dshungarici et Tian-Schan. Typus: Kuznetzky Alatau, systema fl. Tom, in decliviis septentrionali- lbus m. Czalbyktyn-taiga. 1909. 27 VI 1909, fl. leg. B. N. Klopotov; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. Affinitas: a R. monophyllo Ovcz. segmentis foliorum caulinorum rhomboideis irregulariter incisis et foliis radicalibus saepe partitis bene differt. 43. R. Popovii Ovcz. sp. nova. Planta 4—10 cm alta; radices fasciculatae longae vix fusiformiter incras- satae; caules 2—4 aut multi divergentes ramosi 4-pluriflori subadpresse dense et molliter villosi vel sublanati; folia radicalia petiolata, oblongo- vel spathu- lato-cuneata trilobato-incisa aut folia cuneato-ovata profunde 3—5 (6)-partita 570 42 laciniis oblongo-lanceolatis integerrimis vel paulo incisis; lamina sparse villosa aut glabrescens; folia caulina inferiora radicalibus similia, superiora sessilia usque ad basin partita laciniis 3—4 elongatis lanceolato-linearibus vel lineari- bus; pedicelli dense-villosi. Flores pallide-lutei, 0.8—1.4 cm in diam., sepalis petalis brevioribus ovatis dense villosis pallide marginatis fructificatione sub- persistentibus petalis oblongo-obovatis 6—8 mm lg. basi in unguem brevem abeuntibus; receptaculum oblongum brevissime villosum. Capitulum carpellorum oblongo-ovatum, densum, carpellis numerosis 1.2—i.8 mm lg. ovato-rotundatis sparse puberulis rostro brevi erecto apice incurvato. Fl. VI—VII. Hab.: In decliviis siccis in montibus Tian-Schan orientalis. Typus: Kaschgar. In jugo Sarykol; in loco Bartanterek. 1929 VII 11 n°. 123, M. G. Popov; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. Affinitas: a R. Brotherusii foliis radicalibus basi plus minusve cuneatis, lobatis vel partitis, statura robustiore, caulibus dense villosis differt. 44. R. pauperculus Ovcz. sp. nova. (§ Auricomus).— R. Eschscholtzii var. asiatica Kom. Fl. Kamtsch. Il (1929) 140. Planta perennis, 7—15 cm alta; folia radicalia glabra ambitu reniformi- rotundata profunde tripartita segmento medio oblongo obovato apice rotun- dato integerrimo vel vix denticulato. Flores mediocres 1.3—2.5 cm in diam.; sepalis glabris vel vix pubescentibus. H ab.: In pratis alpinis et ad rivulos in Sibiria Orientali (Kamtschatka et insula Karaginsk). Typus: Kamtschatka, Syst. fl. Palana, ad fl. Korkavajam 500 m, n° 3455 1930 VIII 13, P. T. Novograblenov, defl.; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. Affinitas: species nostra R. Eschscholtzii valde affinis a quo folio- rum radicalium segmento medio integerrimo vel subintegerrimo et sepalis glabris atque statura humiliore differt. 45.R. Krassnovii Ovcz. sp. nova.—R _ pulchellus var. tridentata O. Fedtsch. in A. H. P. XXI (1903) 18. Planta perennis 4—9 cm alta; radices fasciculatae tenues; caules soli- tarii aut pauci, simplices vel in parte inferiore ramosi plus minusve dense pilis longis albis fere adpressis obtecti rarius glabrescentes; pedicelli fructi- ficatione elongati validiusculi erecti caule longiores; folia radicalia petiolata, glabra plus minusve patentim sparse pubescentia ovato-elliptica basi rotun- data aut plus minusve cuneata subintegerrima vel saepius trifida partitionibus mediis magis oblongo-ovatis attenuatis; folia caulina plus minusve sessilia radicalibus similia sed angustiora et profundius tripartita, superiora integer- rima lanceolata aut tripartita partitionibus lineari-lanceolatis; pedicelli sub- striati plus minusve adpresse et dense albo-villosi. Flores 1—1.7 cm in diam.; sepala 5—6 mm lg. ovata adpresse-villosa plus minusve patentia margine saepius purpurea, petala 5—6 obovata ad 9 mm lg. basi cuneato-attenuata; 571 74: receptaculum glabrum, oblongum; capitulum carpellorum ovatum carpellis 1.8—2 mm lg. plus minusve obovatis glabris laevibus, 0.8—1 mm lg. rostro incurvato vel plus minusve uncinatiforme-incurvato. Fl. VII. Hab.: In pratis alpinis vallium ad 3700—4230 m. s.m. in reg. Pamiricis et Tibeticis. Typus: Pamir, inter lacum Karakul et trajectum Muscol. O. A. et B. A. Fedtschenko; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. Affinitas: haec species nova R. pseudohirculus Schrenk affinis a quo indumento albo-sericeo, foliis radicalibus subintegerrimis vel trifidis differt. 46. R. trisectilis Ovcz. sp. nova. — R. astrantiaefolius var. alpinus Freyn in Somm. et Lev. Enum. pl. cauc. (1900) 7.—R. caucasicus var. alpina N. Busch (non Freyn) in Fl. cauc. crit. III, 3 (1903) 159. Planta perennis 4—10 (20) cm alta; rhizoma breve; caules 1—3 tenues erecti aut basi ascendentes 1—2-flori, pilis sparsis sericeis subadpressis obtecti; folia radicalia plus minusve brevi-petiolata parva ambitu rotundata vel rotundato-ovata supra glabra subtus adpresse sericeo-pubescentia aut glabrescentia ex toto tripartita foliolis sessilibus rotundatis vel obovato- rotundatis apice serrato-incisis; folia caulina sessilia, inferiora profunde 3— 4-partita laciniis lanceolatis, superiora 2—3-partita; pedicelli subsulcati adpresse puberuli. Flores 1—1.5 cm in diam., petalis obovatis basi cuneato- attenuatis apice vix denticulatis et sepalis oblongo-ellipticis obtusis villosis; receptaculum puberulum, lineare; carpella 2.5—3 mm lg. plana rotundato- ovata marginata rostro ad 1 mm lg. erecto apice uncinato. Fl. VII—VIII. Hab.: In pratis alpinis montium Caucasi, ad 1900—2200 m. s. m. Ty pus: Suania, in monte Tetenar supra pagum Ciolur ad flumen Hip- pum (Tzkhenis-Tzkhali), in pascuis alpinis 2200 m, 1890 VIII 1. S. Som- mier et E. Levier; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. Affinitas: a. R. Buhsei Boiss. foliis tenuibus parvis, indumento molliter sericeo, statura minore et floribus carpellisque minoribus et habitatione differt. 47. R. osseticus Ovcz. sp. nova. Planta 23—48 (55) cm alta; rhizomate incrassato obliquo aut horizontali; caules 1—2 in parte superiore longe ramosi ad basin pilis brevibus subap- pressis vel subpatentibus tecti aut subglabri, 2-pauciflori; folia radicalia longe- petiolata ad 4—10 cm It. et 3.5—7 cm lg. ambitu late-ovata vel rotundato- ovata tripartita partitionibus lateralibus sessilibus mediis petiolatis, omnibus fere ad basin tripartitis, laciniis oblongo-obcuneatis vel obovato-cuneatis partitis et dentato-incisis; folia caulina 3—5 sessilia partita partitionibus elongato-linearibus. Pedicelli subadpresse vel patentim breve pubescentes receptaculum apice pilosisculum; flores 2.7—3.4 cm in diam. aurantiaco-flavi; sepala villosa ovata patentia; petala obovata; carpella glabra ad 3.5— 3.8 mm lg. obovata compressa, plus minusve marginata apice rostro brevi ad 0.5—0.7 mm lg. uncinato. 572 744 H ab.: In pratis subalpinis in montibus Caucasi. Typus: Caucasus, Ossetia, Schuatzchuri, ad fl. Bestauty-don. In fage- tis 2000 m, E. A. et N. A. Busch; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. Affinitas: species R. caucasico M. B. affinis sed partitionibus folio- rum radicalium angustioribus profunde anguste tripartitis, rostro carpellorum breviore differt. 48. R. dzhavakheticus Ovcz. sp. nova. Planta perennis 15—30 cm alta; rhizoma oblique adscendens in parte superiore pilis albis setosis tectum; caules pauci erecti simplices 1—3-flori pilis patentibus longis albis mollibus obtecti; folia radicalia numerosa longe- petiolata ambitu rotunda ad 3.5—4.5 cm It. et 3—4.3 cm lg. basi anguste et profunde cordata, usque ad medium vel ultra tripartita segmentis lato- obcuneatis approximatis apice lobato-incisis et plus minusve denticulatis, dentes foliorum obtusi; lamina rigidiuscula supra glabra subtus sparse longe- pilosiuscula nervis bene prominentibus; folia caulina inferiora sessilia vel subpetiolata ambitu late-ovata ultra medium tripartita partitionibus incisis dentato-lobatis, superiora sessilia ex toto 2—3-partita laciniis linearibus subintegerrimis. Flores 2—3 cm in diam. laete-lutei petalis 5—7 majusculis late-obovatis apice plus minusve crenulatis; sepala patentia longe-villosa lutescenti-marginata. Receptaculum elongatum pilosiusculum. Carpella 2.5— 3 mm lg. obovata compressa glabra rostro ad 0.5—0.7 mm lg. recto apice uncinato-incurvato. Fl. VII. Hab.: In pratis alpinis et subalpinis montium Transcaucasiae ad 2700 m. S. m. Typus: Transcaucasia, Georgia, prov. Tiflis, in m. Tzchra-Tzcharo, prata alpina. 2400 m. 1923 VII 8 V. Kozlovsky. Fl. (Plantae Orient. exsicc. 1928 n° 334); in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. Affinitas: R. orecphilo M.B. valde affinis indumento molli, rhisomate bene evoluto, foliis rigidiusculis rotundatis et floribus majoribus differt. 49. R. Buschii Ovcz. sp. nova. Planta perennis 20—35 cm. alta; rhizoma tenue abbreviatum supra pilis albis tectum; caules erecti, laeves a basi pilis patentibus sparse obtecti, simplices 1—2-flori; folia radicalia longe petiolata ambitu rotundato-ovata ex toto vel fere ad basin tripartita segmentis late rhomboideo-obovatis incisis et dentatis supra subglabris subtus praecipue ad nervos adpresse pilosius- culis aut glabrescentibus; folia caulina sessilia tripartita laciniis integerrimis raro incisis lineari-lanceolatis elongatis; pedicelli elongati plus minusve adpres- se puberuli; receptaculum pilosiusculum. Flores majusculi 3—3.3 cm in diam. petalis 5—9 oblongo-obovatis basi cuneato-attenuatis apice crenulatis vel vix emarginatis; sepala obovata, albo membranaceo-marginata adpressepilosa patentia; capitulum carpellorum ovatum densum carpellis 2.6—3.2 mm lg. 573 745 obovatis rostro ad 0.5—0.6 mm lg. recto basi latiusculo, apice uncinato. Fl. VII—VIIL. Hab.: In pratis subalpinis montium Trancaucasiae ad 2200—3000 m. s. m. Typus: Transcaucasia, Armenia. In regione alpina montis Abul. (distr. Achalkalaki). 1907 VII 25 E. Bordzilowski; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. Affinitas: R. brachylobo Boiss. proximus est, a quo caulibus elongatis erectis plus minusve puberulis, floribus majoribus, petalis et statura majore differt. 50. R. submarginatus Ovcz. sp. nova. Planta perennis 20—40 cm alta; radices fasciculatae tenues; caules tenues ramosi pauciflori tenuiter sulcati basi squamis atro-fuscis ex foliis emortuis tecti, pilis albis vel subaurantiaco-albis patentibus vel declinatis obtecti rarius adpresse-pilosi; folia radicalia longe petiolata ambitu late rotundato-cordata vel reniformi-cordata profunde ad */,—'/, partem tripar- tita segmentis divergentibus lateralibus profunde bifidis irregulariter late-rhom- boideis, mediis cuneato-rhomboideis acute tripartitis, omnibus serrato-dentatis; lamina utrinque pilosiuscula subtus densius sericea;folia caulina sessilia tripartita partitionibus anguste lanceolatis vel linearibus integerrimis vel paulo incisis; pedicelli adpresse breve pilosi tenues, sulcati. Flores 2—2.5 cm in diam.; petala late obovata, sepalis eis duplo brevioribus patenter pilosis; recepta- culum pilosum; carpella obovata ad 3.5—4 mm lg. glabra, compressa vix convexa in parte inferiore emarginata rostro tenui recto ad 0.7—1 mm lg. apice spiraliter convoluto. Fl. VII. Hab.: In silvis mixtis et frondosis interdum in pinetis. Typus: Altai, distr. Bijsk, circa pag. Czernyi Anui. In silva mixta, n° 155, 1928 VII 2, E. G. Pobedimova fl. fr., in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. Affinitas: a R. nemoroso DC. cui valde affinis carpellis semimargi- natis rostris brevioribus et foliis acute incisis et area geographica differt. Habitu R. boreali Trautv. similis sed receptaculo piloso bene differt. 51. R. Smirnovii Ovcz. sp. nova. Planta perennis 50—65 cm alta; radices plus minusve crassiusculae, collo incrassato fibris ex foliorum emortuorum dense vestito; caules plus minusve multiflori, ramosi pilis setuliformibus longis inferne saepe rufescen- tibus obtecti; folia radicalia longe petiolata ambitu late rotundato-cordata, rotundato-reniformia vel ovato-rotundata plerumque basi profunde emargi- nata 9—13 cm It., 7—9 cm lg. profunde interdum fere ad basin tripartita segmentis obovato-rhomdoideis, latis acute dentato-incisis; lamina subtus saepius molliter sericeo-pilosa, petioli pilis rigidiusculis patentibus vel dec- linatis obtecti, vaginae saepius rufescenti-pilosae; folia caulina superiora sessilia vel subsessilia fere ex toto 3—5-partita partitionibus oblongo-rhom- 746 boideis vel lanceolato-oblongis serrato-dentatis. Flores 2—3.2 cm in diametro; sepala erecto-patentia vel vix patentia duplo-triplo petalis breviora; petala obovata basi cuneato-attenuata apice rotundata et interdum vix crenulata; carpella late-obovata plus minusve compressa tenuiter marginata, laevia rostro tenui, 0.6—0.8 mm lg. recto vel incurvato apice plus minusve uncinato; recep- taculum glabrum. Fl. VI—VII. Hab.: In silvis mixtis, laricetis et salicetis et in pratis silvaticis rarius in glareosis fluviorum in Sibiria Orientali. Typus: Dauria Selengensis in montibus inter fl. Temnik et fl. Djida in monte Barun-Buran-Chan. In laricetis. 1912 VII23 n° 455/2419. V. I. Smir- nov; in Herb Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. Affinitas: species R. Januginoso L. affinis sed rostro carpellorum non spiraliter involuto et breviore, indumento et foliis forma bene differt. A R. boreali Trautv. statura majore, foliis majoribus, indumento et habitatione differt. 52. R. jacuticus Ovcz. sp. nova. Planta perennis 20—40 cm alta; rhizoma breve incrassatum verticale aut fere non evolutum; caules solitarii vel pauci subsimplices vel ramosi canaliculati glabri sulcati laeves pauciflori; folia radicalia longe petiolata ambitu plus minusve cordata profunde fere ad basin tripartita partitionibus oblongo-obovatis basi plus minusve cuneatis, lateralibus latioribus saepe bifidis acute-serratis, mediis apice dilatatis incisis acute-dentatis, omnibus divergentibus; lamina glabra vel sparse adpresse pilosula, petioli glabri rarius pilis subadpressis longis debilibus tecti; folia caulina superiora sessilia 2—3- partita, laciniis lineari-lanceolatis basi per vaginam pilosam dilatatam semiam- plexicaulia. Pedicelli adpresse pilosi plus minusve debiles; flores 1.8— 2.8 cm in diam. praecipue 6-petali; sepala subadpressa vix patentia obtusata pilosa obovata; petala late-obovata, interdum crenulato-emarginata sepalis subduplo longiora; carpella 3.5—4 mm lg., obovata compressa laevia rostro tenui ad 1 mm lg. recto vix incurvato apice latiuscule spiraliter convoluto. Fi. VI—VII. Hab.: In pratis et paludibus herbosis fluviorum in Jacutia. Typus: Jacutia, in valle fl. Lena in loco Bulun 1914 VII3V. A. Ka- schkarov; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. Affinitas: a R. boreali Trautv. habitu, carpellorum rostro convoluto, foliis glabrioribus profunde partitis differt. A proximo R. subcorymboso Kom. carpellis, indumento, statura humiliore differt. 53. R. stenopetalus Ovcz. sp. nova. Planta 6—8 cm alta caespites parvos formans; caules simplices glabri aut pilis debilibus brevibus sparse tecti vel vix ramosi 1—3-flori; radices fasciculatae incrassato-oblongo-cylindricae radiculis tenuibus intermixtis; folia radicalia petiolata glabra 10—13 mm It. 6—9 mm lg. profunde ad ?/,—’/, 575 747 partem vel ad basin tripartita foliolis obovatis basi cuneato-attenuatis lobato incisis vel dentatis divergentibus; folia caulina sessilia parvula 2—3-partita laciniis lanceolatis vel linearibus integerrimis vel folia integra; pedicelli plus minusve patenter breve pilosi. Flores 1—1.7 cm in diam., aureo-lutei; sepala marginata glabra 5—7 mm lg.; petala 5—6 oblonga basi attenuata vel angu- ste oblonga, 0.8—1.1 cm lg.; receptaculum glabrum; carpella (immatura) compressa laevia glabra anguste submembranaceo-marginata 2—2.3 mm lg. obovata rostro brevi 0.5—0.6 mm lg. apice uncinato. Fl. VI. Hab.: In pratis alpinis ad nives deliquescentes in montibus Pamiroa- laicis. Typus: in trajectu Peschkaut jugi Ferganensis, in alpibus, n° 686. 1913 V 22. N. A. Dessjatova; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. Affinitas: species nova R. afghanico Aitsch. et Hemsl. et R. mindshel- kensi B. Fedtsch. proxima ab ambobus petalis anguste-oblongis, floribus minoribus, foliolis vix incisis, caulibus tenuibus et debilibus et habitu bene differt. 54, R. ezimganicus Ovcz. sp. nova. (§ Ranunculastrum). Planta ad 45 cm alta; folia radicalia crassinscula rigida integra apice late lobato-incisa et regulariter crenata basi cuneata; caules validi striati in parte superiore remote ramosi multiflori + pilis adpressis setaceis obtecti. Capitulum carpellorum ovatum; carpella compressa + dense pilosa rostro elongato declinato-incurvato apice uncinato. Typus: Asia media, Tian-Schan occidentalis, Czimgan, 1916 V8. V. I. Lipsky. fr.; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. Affinitas: A R. afghanico Aitch. et Hemsl. statura robustiore, foliis rigidiusculis integris late lobatisque regulariter crenatis et basi cuneatis, car- pellorum pilosorum rostro elongato declinato-incurvato bene differt. 55. R. dilatatus Ovez. sp. nova (§ Ranunculastrum). Planta ad 50 em alta; folia tripartita segmentis lateralibus subsessilibus profunde 2—3-partitis et inciso-dentatis, mediis subpetiolatis plusquam ad medium tripartitis laciniis oblongo-rhomboideis apice 3-incisis et dentatis; caules pilis albis subsericeis patentibus obtecti apice ramosi. Flores medio- cres ad 2 cm in diam. sepalis ad medium puberulis patentibus demum subref- lexis; capitulum carpellorum cylindricum ad 2—2.1 cm lg. ad 0,7 cm It. car- pella ad 3—3.2 mm lg. rotundata alata glabra vel margine vlx ciliolata rostro brevissimo ad 0.6—0.8 mm lg. = incurvato apice subuncinato. Hab.: In pratis steppaceis (?) montium Tian-Schan. Typus: Tian-Schan, in jugo Alatau Transiliensi circa urb. Alma-ata, 1899 V 16, I. Killoman; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. Affinitas: a R. Komarovii Freyn foliis tripartitis non multipartitis, segmentis latioribus laciniis non petiolatis et carpellorum capitulo longiore differt. 576 PAPAVER L. 56. P. pseudo-Stubendorfii M. Pop. sp. nova (Sect. Scapiflora Rchb.). A P. Stubendorfii A. Tolm. valde affini differt: capsulis setis sparsis munitis et disco capsulae in mucronem centralem producto. Typus: Sibiria orientalis, ad fl. Aldan (syst. fl. Lena), non procul ab ostio fl. Tatty, 1928 Korzhevin n° 274; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. 57. P. ajanense M. Pop. sp. nova (Sect. Scapiflora Rchb.). Caespites amplos formans. Folia sparse albosetulosa, rarius setosa, mediocria, saepissime simpliciter pinnatisecta, segmentis integris lanceolatis angustis, rarius segmenta inferiora (vel pleraque) 2—4-lobata. Scapi erecti, 15—30 cm alti, firmi, erecti v. paulo flexuosi v. arcuato-adscendentes, folia 2—3-plo superantes. Alabastra ovalia, modice breviter albo-setulosa; corolla ca. 4 cm in diam., albo-rosea v. pallide crocea; capsulae angustae, clavatae, 12—18 mm longae, dense adpresse setosae, disco vix convexo, radiis fere nudis margine nec membranaceis v. anguste membranaceomar- ginatis. A P. nudicauli L. (s. str.) valde affini differt: foliis glabrescentibus, alabastris glabriusculis pilis albis (nec rufescentibus) tectis petalisque in sicco aurantiacis (in vivo ex Vassiliev luteis!). A P. microcarpo DC. peraffini cap- sulis longioribus cum disco non umbilicato foliisque glabrescentibus diversum. Typus: Sibiria orientalis, ad sinum Ukoi Oceani Pacifici. 10 VIII 1916. Anonymus (rugporpa@. axcneguuna Bocrounoro oxeana); in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. 58. P. involucratum M. Pop. sp. nova. (Sect. Scapiflora Rchb.). Caespitans, caespites ca. 10 cm latae. Folia numerosa brevia 5—8 cm longa; lamina parva pinnatipartita, segmentis integris oblongis acutiusculis ca. 10 mm longis, 3 mm latis. Scapi erecti multoties longiores, 20—40 cm alti, firmi, adpresse v. patentim pilosi. Alabastra sphaeroidea atrofusco-pilosa. Corollae parvae, 1—2 cm in diam., aurantiacae v. rubrae, basi flavescentes ad capsulam diu persistentes. Capsulae adpresse setosae, obovatae, subglobo- sae, usque ad 10 mm longae, disco pyramidato inter radios membranaceo. Species in sua sectione distinctissima. Hab.: In alpinis elatioribus montium Tadzhikorum. Typus: Asia Media, Pamir-Alai, ad fl. Zeravschan superior; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. 59. P. tianschanicum M. Pop. sp. nova (Sect. Scapiflora Rchb.). Caespitosum, caespites densae et latae. Folia numerosa, brevia; lamina parva pinnatipartita, segmentis approximatis latis oblongis v. ovatis obtusiu- sculis canescentibus, saepe dentatis. Scapi 5—15 cm alti, tenues, adpresse Sil 749 V- patentim pilosi. Alabastra ovalia, dense atrofusco-setosa, ca. 10 mm longa. Corollae 3—4 sm in diam., petalis deciduis, siccis aurantiacis. Stamina ova- rio 1'/,-plo longiora. Capsulae parvae (ad 10 mm longae) adpresse albo-seto- sae; disco plano emembranaceo. Hab.: In alpinis montium Tianschanicis omnium. Typus: Asia Media, Tian-Schan, Jugum Kungei-Alatau, ad fl. Kebin, Abolin n° 3264; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. 60. P. pseudocanescens M. Pop. sp. nova. (Sect. Scapiflora Rchb.). Pumilum, 10—15 cm altum. Caespites parvi. Folia virescentia, parce villosa, segmentis approximatis latiusculis obtusis. Scapi firmi hirsuti apicem versus ferrugineo-hirti. Alabastra subglobosa, 10—12 mm in diam. dense atro-hirsuta. Corollae majusculae, ca. 5 cm in diam., flavae. Capsulae ferru- gineo-setosae, obovatae, ca. 10 mm longae disco planiusculo radiis anguste marginatis. Ab affinibus P. canescens A. Tolm. et P. radicatum Rottb. differt: a primo pubescentia alabastrum et apice scaporum nigro-ferrugineo nec canescente, ab altero staminibus numerosissimis ovario longioribus. Typus: Altai, in alpinis fluvii Topcezugan, 1913 Kusnetzov et Tripoli- tova n° 2670; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. 61. P. ambiguum M. Pop. sp. nova. (Sect. Orthorhoeades Fedde). Caulis setis paucis patentibus vestitus, ramosus, erectus, firmus, usque ad 50 sm altus. Folia inferiora pinnati-lobata lobis latis dentatis v. crenatis. Folia superiora 3-partita segmentis pinnatifidis lobis integris v. subdentatis, lanceolatis v. linearibus. Pedunculi elongati firmi adpresse setosi. Corollae: magnae 6—7 cm in diam., puniceae, macula elongata a basi usque fere ad medium petali. Capsulae oblongo-clavatae, usque ad 18 mm longae, basin versus manifeste sed sensim angustatae substipitatae. Discus planiusculus membranaceus dentibus brevibus latis marginibus sese tegentibus. Folia fere P. dubii, sed glabriora. Corollae eis P. commutati similes, sed macula a basi petali incipiens. Capsulae forma P. dubii, sed basi mani- feste stipitatae et dentes disci sese tegunt, ut in P. commutatum. Verosimi- liter P. dubium X P. commutatum. Ty pus: Transcaucasia, prope Kodzhori, 2 V 1878, M. Smirnov n° 184; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. 62. P. lacerum M. Pop. sp. nova (Sect. Orthorhoeades Fedde). Glaucescens glaber v. setis sparsis patentibus ad caulis basin et ad nervum medium foliorum subtus munitus. Folia lacerato- fere bipinnatipartita foliorum inferiorum lobi oblongi, irregulariter dentato-incisi lobulis brevibus obtusiusculis, foliorum superiorum lobi elongati lineares, acuti, remote et irregulariter secti lobulis saepe undulatis apice setiferis. Caulis ramosus, erec- tus, usque ad 40 cm altus. Pedunculi elongati erecti tenues sparse adpresse 578 750 setosi. Alabastra oblonga obtusa 10—11 mm longa, subpatentim sparseque albo-setulosa. Corollae roseo-rubrae, basi macula atra magna elongata orna- tae, mediocres. Capsulae oblongo-clavatae, 13—14 mm longae, basi breviter substipitatae, disco plano v. planiusculo membranaceo dentibus (4—6) bre- vibus latis sese non tegentibus. A P. laevigato valde affini differt foliis fere bipinnatisectis, macula petalorum magna (usque ?/, petali occupante), et area australiore (P. laevi- gatum M. B. tantum in Caucaso septentrionali (Ciscaucasia) et in Ucraina invenitur). Typus: Asia Minor. Paphlagonia Wilajet Kostambuli Sintenis It. or. 1892 n° 3702. Marsifoun, Manissajian. Pl. or. n° 451b.—Specimina similia sed incompleta in Transcaucasia ad Araxem (pag. Chudoferinski, Radde n° 103), in Karabagh (Szovits, Hohenacker). CORYDALIS 63. C. Aitchisonii M. Pop. sp. nova (Sect. Leonticoides DC. ser. Longi- florae M. Pop.). A C. Severzovii Rgl. valde affini differt: foliorum tripartitorum segmen- tis lateralibus, indivisis, pedicellis fructiferis longioribus, atque area geogra- phica separata (Paropamiz et Kopetdagh). Ty pus: Asia media. Badghys (Paropamiz), Aitchison; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. 64. C. Nevskii M. Pop. sp. nova. (Sect. Leonticoides DC., ser. Longiflo- rae M. Pop). A C. Aitchisonii M. Pop. valde affini differt: foliorum tripartitorum seg- mentis omnibus indivisis et area geographica (Darvaz, jugum Alaicum). Typus: Asia Media, jugum Alaicum, ad pag. Sary Kamusch, fl. 241V 1913 Dessjatova n° 1660; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatir. 65. C. pseudoalpestris M. Pop. sp. nova (Sect. Dactylotuber Rupr). 5—8 cm alta. Tuber cylindricum 2—4 cm longum, simplex v. basi loba- tum. Caules in inferiore parte subterranei, albi, tenues, foliis squamiformibus 2 muniti; folia caulina viridia saepissime 3; petioli longi basi membranaceo- dilatati. Lamina glauca parva, ternata, segmentis subsessilibus, approximatis, fere usque ad basin in lobos late cuneatos dentatos vel lobulatos fissis; lobuli ultimi oblongi v. lineari-oblongi; in foliorum axillis foliola nascuntur vel ramuli floriferi. Racemus folia non superans parvus, 1- vel 2—4 florus, floribus appro- ximatis; bracteae (ut folia carnosulae) ovatae v. obovatae, obtusatae, parvae, tenuiter coeruleo-punctatae; pedicelli 2—3 mm longi, bracteis subduplo bre- viores; sepala 1 mm longa, angulata, alba, coeruleo-punctulata; corollae ca. 17mm longae, albidae v. coerulescentes, apice azureo-violaceae; petalum inferum basi calcarato-dentatum; calcar petali superioris tenue rectum horizontale 579 751 apice ipsa sursum incurvum, petalo infero 2-plo longius; capsulae 10 mm longae, 5 mm latae, obtusae. A C. alpestri C.A.M. valde affini differt: folio supremo racemum approximato, ideo pedunculo racemorum brevi, foliis carnosis, bracteis et sepalis dense azureo-punctatis et area geographica (separata). Typus: Asia Media in montibus Tarbagatai Mustau, ad initia fl. Ulkun- Ulasty, fl. fr. 28 VII 1914. V. Saposhnikov (cum C. inconspicua Bge. mixta); in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. 66. C. arctica M. Pop. sp. nova (Sect. Dactylotuber Rupr.). A C. pauciflora Steph. affini differt petalo infimo basi non gibboso- saccato, calcare brevi et area separata (acrtica nec montana). Typus: Jacutia, inter fl. Olenek et Lenam infer. ad ostia fl. Atyrkan, ad silvarum limites, fl. 3—4 VIII 1876, Czekanowski; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. 67. C. macrantha M. Pop. sp. nova. — C. gigantea var. macrantha Rel. (Sect. Archaeocapnos M. Pop.). Rhizoma elongatum, apice incrassatum; caulis fistulosus crassus nitens erectus, 60 cm altus, in superiore parte ramosus; folia caulina 2—3 tenera mambranacea breviter petiolata, maxima, superiora sessilia minora; lamtna bis v. ter pinnatipartita, rhachis dichotome ramosa flexuosa, segmenta lateralia alterna petiolulata pinnati-vel bipinnatipartita, lobis alternis in lobulos magnos lanceolatos v. oblongos, usque ad 7 cm longos, 3 cm latos, subtus pallidos, supra sordide virides profunde incisis. Racemus terminalis (racemo unico late- rali auctus) simplex cylindricus densus 5—10 cm longus, folia parum superans breviter et crasse pedunculatus; bracteae anguste elongatae integrae: infe- riores foliaceae anguste spathulatae usque ad 3cm longae, superiores lineari- filiformes breviores; pedicelli 3—5 mm longi, erecti, firmuli; sepala mox caduca, magna, 5—9 mm longa suborbiculata integerrima; corollae 35—45 mm longae, paulo arcuatae sordide purpureae; calcar parum arcuato-adscendens crassum apice sensim attenuatum, petalo inferiore esaccato 2-plo longius. A C. gigantea Trautv. et Mey. valde affini differt: statura humiliore, racemo paulo ramoso praeter racemum terminalem unus tantum ramus rece- mifer udest, corollis majoribus, 30—40 cm longis. Typus: Sibiria orientalis, montes Burejae leg. Radde; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. 68. C. transalaica M. Pop. sp. nova. (Sect. Calocapnos Spach., ser. Strictae M. Pop.). Caespitosa, pumila, 10—15 cm alta, basi ad collum squamosa; folia radi- calia 5—8 cm longa, petiolis crassiusculis angulatis, laminis ambitu ovato- oblongis sub 3-pinnatisectis, segmentis utrinque 3—4 breviter petiolulatis, lobulis ultimis oblongo-linearibus glaucis confertis; folia caulina valde dimi- 5667 580 752 nuta, pauca (1—2), caules crassiusculi firmi striato-sulcati, subsimplices. Racemi simplices breves 3—4 cm longi densi; bracteae submembranaceae ovato-oblongae, breves, dentato-fimbriatae, apice setaceo-acuminatae; pedi- celli ca. 3 mm longi, fructiferi deflexi; sepala hyalina ovato-oblonga, ca. 3mm longa, acuta, fimbriata; corollae flavae angustae, ca. 15 mm longae, petalis exterioribus apice longo mucronatis, calcari saccato brevi, obtuso ca. 3 mm longo; capsulae lineares, pendulae, 10—15 mm longae, 2 mm latae, acutae; semina atra laevissima nitida caruncula minima adpressa plano-compressa. A C. stricta Steph. valde affini differt: caule pumilo 10—15 cm alto, bracteis latioribus ovatis, capsulis angustioribus ca. 2 mm latis. An forma alpina C. strictae? Typus: Asia Media, Pamir-Alai, jugum Transalaicum, in valle fl. Muksu, infra p. Kara-Mazar, 2 VII 1904 B. Fedtschenko; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. 69. C. pseudostricta M. Pop. sp. nova (Sect. Calocapnos Spach, ser. Strictae M. Pop.). Caules 30—60 cm alti, valde striato-angulati; fere a basi ramosi; folia glauca laminis latis sub 3-pinnatisectis, segmentis remotis longiuscule petio- lulatis utrinque 4—5, lobis cuneatis lobulis ultimis oblongo-linearibus acutis. Racemi saepius simplices; pedicelli ca. 5 mm longi; bracteae lineares hyalinae, inferiores pedicellis sublongiores, superiores breviores; sepala ca. 4 mm longa hyalina parce denticulata; corollae luteae, ca. 18 mm longae, paulo arcuatae, petalis externis apice longe mucronatis; calcar 3 mm longum saccatum obtu- sum. Capsulae patentes v. subdeflexae, usque ad 20 mm longae, 2—3 mm latae. A C. stricta Steph. affini differt: caulibus in superiore parte ramosis, corollis angustioribus foliorum segmentis longe petiolulatis nec subsessilibus. A C. bucharica M. Pop. peraffini differt: caulibus insigniter striatis sepali- sque majoribus, atque foliorum lobis angustioribus. Ty pus: Asia media, Pamir-Alai, in montibus Hissaricis, ad p. Tasch- Kurgan; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. 70. C. bucharica M. Pop. sp. nova (Sect. Calocapnos Spach, ser. Stri- ctae M. Pop.). Radix crassa multiceps, apice squamis et petiolorum reliquiis vestita; caules usque ad 50 cm alti, erecti, valde ramosi, tenuiter striati nec sulcati; folia radicalia longe petiolata, laminis 2—3 pinnatisectis, segmentis petiolu- latis, lobulis ultimis latiusculis flabellato v. cuneato-obovatis; folia caulina simpliciora, breviter petiolata. Racemi ramosi; pedicelli ca. 5 mm longi tenues erecti; bracteae lanceolatae integrae inferiores subherbaceae, superiores hya- linae, margine interdum subdenticulatae; sepala ca. 2 mm longa hyalina den- ticulata. apice caudato-acuminata; corollae aurantiaco-flavae, angustae, 15—18 mm longae, petala exteriora apice breviter apiculata; calcar tenue arcuato-deflexum v. subrectum 3—5 mm longum; capsulae erectae v. patentes, 581 753 10—15 (—25) mm longae, 2—3 mm latae, oblongo-lineares, acutae; semina atra nitida; caruncula minima adpressa plano-compressa. A C. kaschgarica affini differt: segmentis foliorum pinnatipartitis, nec lobatis, racemo laxo elongato. Typus: Asia Media, Pamir-Alai, Darvaz, inter p. p. Dzhumardzh et Omar ad fl. Piandzh, 5000’ IX 1882 A. Regel; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS con- servatur. 71. C. pseudadunca M. Pop. sp. nova. (Sect. Calocapnos Spach, ser. Strictae M. Pop.). Caules 20—40 cm alti, crassiusculi, firmi, subcylindrici tenuissime striati; folia sub 3-pinnatisecta, laminis latiusculis, segmentis petiolulatis, lobulis ultimis oblongis v. sublinearibus. Racemi ramosi v. simplices, lon- giusculi, densi, floribus crebre dispositis; bracteae lanceolato-lineares hya- linae breves; pedicelli ca. 5 mm longi tenues fructiferi patentes v. subreflexi; sepala ca. 1 mm longa hyalina denticulata; corolla flava 15 mm longa, petalo exteriore apice fere mutico, calear 3—4 mm longum rectum obtusum; cap- sulae fere pendulae usque ad 25 mm longae, 2 mm latae. A C. kaschgarica valde affini differt: foliorum segmentis bi- (interdum) pinnatipartitis nec lobatis, sepalis minoribus. A C. Shelesnoviana Rgl. et Schmalh. et C. bucharica M. Pop. simillibus racemis densis distinguitur. Typus: Asia Media, Jugum Alaicum, ad fl. Taldyksu (Gultscha) prope p. Sufi-Kurgan, 29 VI 1901. Alexeenko n° 450; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS con- servatur. 582 INDEX ALPHABETICUS Ordinum, familiarum, specierum atque synonimorum plantarum in tomo VI Florae URSS commemoratarum Aconitum APANENSE StEIMD, Tete elteieris! ee.) xe albo-violaceum Kom. . ......-. ambiguum Rchb. . anguste-cassidatum Steinb. . ... . anthora Kom. . SNGHOYAMLS Haris So he tes tenia Netto nine » var. anthoroideum (DC.) Rgl. . ¥ a) latilobum’ Ser: "seu ee 7 » versicolor Stev. ... .- n y. confertiflorum DC..... apetalum (Huth) B. Fedtsch.. . . . . apovntant Maxim: "si ‘ste te ee 1s te baicalense Turcz, .... .» 2 - ” ” s a » commune Turcz. Perea Rodis C¢Nereas “OTR. SS barbatum Pers. ..... Sometesps B. apie DG.) ss = 0s biflorum Fisch. TAL coc see & var. pluriflorum Rgl. . . . . = 2 . yi 6. racemosum d._ sibiricum Id uo wonbaeoe nc B nese tteiaty mn 6. racerosum Rgl. lusus b mongolicum Rgl. ... . - m. tauricum f. baicalense Rel. - var. cymbulatum Schmalh. . delphinifolium Ser. . . flagellare Schmidt. . . semigaleatum Ser...\.. » ee » Smirnowii Sukacz. ... _ » turkestanicum B.Fedtsch. wasutum Fisch... 205) 3° opi 6) 3) f. gigas N. Busch f. pyramidato-ramosum N. Busch py » .1, simplex N.-Busch. . x 8. pubiceps Rupr. memorosum MiB; eceAee 2 5 - * s ”» ” » th) 2,n@¢ Se © © © « ie), (oie)! 0) “6 nemorum M. Pop. ochranthum C, A.M... 1... . 204, ochroleucum DC. orientale Mille; «3.0.6.2 » + 2 6 «6 3 var. coloratum E. Bots: Ore! (OF. 18 (ie, erie) e » ” »! » eriocarpum Akinf. . Pallasii Rehb A aiet Wegtee i ac, Ney MO Biiarae 99a eee AIDS ey el he! iets se) Sey Het Wer ce: {rel fe 5667 222 224 221 223 212 225 224 225 222 232 212 212 22 212 211 190 236 206 203 203 203 230 190 199 pallidum, Robbins) a ses a deipeidayin 205 paradoxum Rchb. .. .- . 225 productum’ Rend. 3 «= 5 6 = 3 ane 225 pubiceps (Rupr.) Trautv. ...... 211 3 é f, fastizgiatum ASN Bubeh £9" ie ae al i, S f. ramosum N. Busch 211 ~ = var. genuinum Weldirgdive o A oS = 6 211 fs % » tuscheticum N. Busch..>... 211 Raddeanum. Rel... . «0% asuaacintas 215 ranunculoides Turez. . . 2) «s+ «+ 194 rotundifolium Kar. et Kir. .5 . ..: 229 rabicundum Fisch; so2- 2,0 tstnsnn_csber 262 sachalinense F. Schmidt... .. . . 217 Saposhnikovii B. Fedtsch.. . . .. . 234 Sczikiniz WURCZ | acnePicyend teres ke ee 213 SiOIricum OMe, uc0 span, eulbe le leu ele 204 sichotense: Wompyes «yesuetencia lel enneine 219 Smirnovii (Sukacz.) Steinb. . . .. . 222 Ha var. jenisseense Steinb. . . 222 seongoricum) Stapf <5) = ..i5 er nee 232 mi » var. glabrum Steinb. 232 A » var. pubescens Stembo .. aeareoe squarrosunt DC... = = =) se eee 204 Sukaczevii Steinb. . ........ 198 Szeewaldianum Prodan.. ...... 201 talassicum M-)Pop. 2) 2). 5 eee 231 denuijoliuam Wairez: a) ae oe 218 tianschanicum Rupr. . .- +--+ + +> 229 ertuosum Willd. = - - 2 -e. 202: eee 2) Tranzschelii Steinb. ....... =. 235 variegatum L.. . . . « « pes 6) Ue 5 lusus a judenbergense Rgl. 210 » -..«lusus b. pilipes Rgl. . .. 210 syallosum Rehbi s+yey +. ccees. = ae ee 213 volubilesPalls, eye) las ca eee 213 » var. latisectum Rgl... . . . - “213 . » vrllosum Rel. soi eee 213 giz panic INChDs as pay) se Ca 201 Wankleri Rapaseccc.: suis 2:0 selene 233 zeravshanicum Steinb... ...... » 230 Retaca lic. os tcl ves cece ae 79 acuminata Wallich . . «1 « « «-.-- 80 Christophoriana Gouan. . .... . 80 g@ahurica) Murezs <= + =e 1 ser oe erythrocarpa Bischicgs:(< aoe co) 4 cee ee s var. Pemiseuntica Kom.... 82 a » leucocarpa (Ldb.), ie Giireke. 3. i cs bl ee ee ee ed Pag. faacropoda, Turezs is) sms) «hb Ses 84 Phd NUM Gais opis GERBIL aEs 2. ws 80 podocarpa Schlecht. ........ 84 pterosperma Turcz.. ...-..+.+.-- 83 PEDRO) SHEAR walhsis cme 80 pe ae CS Oe 80 | eiTCEeTiess 3 6 ss es 81 ‘s var. erythrocarpa Ldb. . . 81 melanocarpa Ldb. . . 80 melanocarpa Rgl. . . 80 nisra Willd. 3 3 0 « 80 % » nigra f. acuminata FAENUS. go Sh ce 80 Actinospora dahurica Turez. . .... - 83 (RAAT atS ANSARI 6 eee ws €47 ASIATICAUO WIP er toe ines fo%. 6 647 PAM, ARBCED AO OR WO ose ls wae’ 537 MURMUR T a5. Ge gs ctishtnn ac. ve: ~Bipeg htONIe ty 528 ACSUMTHNS Is. 3 vos ka ee. Ae Ae 537 i » parviflora (Fisch.) M.B.. . 537 » ssp. parviflora N. Busch. . . 537 » var. velutina Lipsky 537 A 532 Anica, EN BERD. oe, ies wie 537 MENTING TUYOZ. +. <6 biarmiensis Juz. - +--+ +++ biflora auct.. . «2+ +s 259, 260, blanda Schott et Kotschy... .-.- - brevipedunculata Juz... - +--+: - bocharica, Rel.» « « 0/8. «3 2 Bungeana Pritzel .. +--+ +++ campanella Fisch. . - - +--+ ++: caucasica Willd. . - - +--+ +: > cernua Thunb. .°) soe 6s ee es chinensis Bge.. - +--+ + st Pag. 535 531 530 263 251 Pag. i | wet ou ef eye) Ship ven te tap a, nigricans Kern. obtusiloba Don ochotensis Fisch... . . - . <2 sinus olizotoma, Juz... |. < )) < @ qileke wee parviflora Michx.. . . . . 2+ «ss chrysantha Grossh.. ...-. +. - 281 chrysopetala Rupr... . -....-. 281 coerulea, DG j:.4-00u mee eres 243 | me B. gracilis edb. = + vena 244 | » var.uralensis Korsh.. . . 243 | < 5 /typica Huthyeg. eee 243 3 ssp. typical Ulbr: -)/.) = ley 243 . X ranunculoides Korsh. 243 coronaria P.Popow ......- - 257 . 0. bucharica Rgl. 258 fa y. intermedia Rgl.. . .- 259 iy 8. pluriflora Rgl. 259 erinita [Uz pelos ey wel) el ane Te 274 dahurica Fisch. 5 Ta 303 debilis: Fisch: (gabvie. tegen veal 244 demissa Hook. et Thoms... . . .« 273 dichotoma [ie :uteal) saebdiae eames 268 eranthioides Reale. 20) a). ait: . 264 Falconert noms.) qi jtisieaee ee 0 284 fasciculata, Eamon: yu twee ae 270 Fischeriana DC..... . 943 flaccida F. Schmidt yee 252 ava’ Gilbane ye ancien Nico Che? 242 flavescens Zuccarini ......- .- 296 Gortschakowii Kar. et Kir. . . . . . 260 glabrata (Maxim.) Juz. ..... 254 IGr@erlisih sj SCHMIdtas el.) t-te ee 244 lgrandisiiernetaic) 5 a) ct cmenaey aye 293 aller AVE sx. sha (ae een Rea 290 Flepatica Cana) | 4. me Oese ere . 283 hirsuta Gilibs (20) 2 ee ae eee 266 impexaluze wits gee nc) te een 271 incisavLdbses: & see) saeeMeeie aloes 243 intermedia Winkl. . ...... - 242 jenisseensis (Korsh.) Kryl. .... . 242 Kostyczewii Korsh.. . . . . 1. - 288 Kronenburgit fuze ie) enn ae 200 Kuznetzowii Woron. .... - ae eeoy laxac(Ulbrayajuze alien ernay oie aie eh POD linearis Schlechtd. . USE een eC DAG litoralis (Litw.) Juz... ...... 254 Maximowiczii Juz... ..... - 249 micrantha Klotzsch. ...... . 256 montana Hoppe «=. « « «ie 4. = 302 narcissiflora (sphalm. narcissifolia) L.. 274 2 Besse iia im ccdene ees 269 = Kom ie cae ua he 280 Fr Eedb.i'.) <) . 270), 272.02 7153..276 a. elata C. A.M... . . 270 i floribus aureis C.A.M.. 281 a 8. fasciculata DC. . 270 3 Ley. Ledb:, = an beet ctaemrewee eo 586 petiolulosa Juz. pratensis L. . . narcissiflora 0. pedicellaris DC. . . o 3 wfrigida DG.....08-0-. ie . lineariloba Rgl. villosissima DC .. . “! f. cinereo-pilosa Franchet ' var. aconitiifolia Schipez. B » 0. caucasica Schipcz. . M » chrysantha C. A.M... ie » Y~ laxa Schipez.. . . 1 » @. Linnaeana Schipcz. Q Ur : " » monantha auct. DC. . ks » sachalinensis Miyabe et Miyake . x » subuniflora C. A. M.. a » turkestanica Lipsky . i » 4. turkestanica f. con- dracta/Schipez*.: :0./2) =: st) =) =e ” ” ”» fracta) Schipez.jey 1 <4 ee) or a » uralensis Schipez.. . fs , vilosissima F. Schmidt a“ ssp. chrysantha Ulbr. . » typica var. genuina f. var. kamtschatica Kom. .- . z ssp. altaica Korsh. . . . . amurensis Korsh.. . if » typica Korsh. ise _ < A. ranunculoides L. ” ” var. 8. grandiflora Ulbr. . patensL. . . alt: youll sat eee var. multifida Pritz. . ... . ssp. Kryloviana Korsh.. . . .« pensylvanica Ldb. . . » s - + 20s = 8B. Laxmanni DC. FS RG ei eer ices Sos eae ei prostrata (Ulbr.) Juz.. -...... pulsatilla Host " var. ucrainica Ugrinsky RaddeanayReleiyicmeihs Mowe cre) alee 214, 215; 200) Pag. Pag. Raddeana ssp. glabra Ulor. . . . . . 249 anemonoides Willd. ........ 76 ¥ ssp. villosa Ulbr. . . .~ - 249 | atropurpurea Willd. ........ 91 FANUNCUIOIGES! lacaiG ees YEE spe Ze (Ae OLeOlor neh. pe he. UE Peele 96 e 8. gracilis Schlechtd.. . 244 | Borodiniochischk; ....+.. dema emu 91 ssp. coerulea Korsh. . . 243 | brachyceras Fisch. et Mey. . ... . 88 = ssp. jenisseensis Korsh.. 242 | caucasicaM.B. .......... 94 Es » uralensis Korsh.. . 243 colchica Kemularia-Natadze .... . 98 SEER SUMED) cits SES. es 8s 250 COPNIUGEGIID IN Te 2 eee eh ee 94 Richardsonii.Mook.... 12) Wer sia Gitte 255 dahurica Patr. . ARMac see 92 IRGSSIELMIGOKE. 4s+<.-s oles Arie eiteine 255 puriasi orshtusn uve | esac anes 92 sachalinensis (Miyabe et Miyake) ‘ee 280 Clare Le jn... Eetces'? SS sister SS schrenkiana Juz... < «>. : 213 flabellata Sieb. et ae aise ity a ele 97 enmenr Ganiussdac 6 wet. «oye - 242 var. alpina Kuzen.. . . . 97 serawschanica Kom. .......- - 265 fariidaa/ Pitch. Varnes Ss 98 SIDEMCAMGS Bepaiisiedile. aAeV, is. sys 276 Manguicsn Figeh,.s Jase |). curso Veneers 95 S35 2 ae? See ee 266 RIP RMr icles cSNSs, «kx to sa ANS Mee 98 = B. a" Sitets Fisch. . . 267 jucunda Fisch. et Lallem. . . 2... . 96 speciosa Adams... ... ; - sont) 250 Karelini (Baker) O. et B. Fedtsch. . . 93 ty fvalbuflorayNa Busch <,. . 262 |) Kareliniana Cy A.IMes 25. eats 93. s f. chrysantha (C. A. M.) lactiflora Kar.et Kirss. . 4 3°. 92 Grossh:.; \s «item's Reeds 282 5 var. dichroantha Fisch. ee ‘ f. ochroleuca Rupr.. . . . 282 Mega cede sive 92 * t..ros@aiRuprd scene onesie 282 " » leucantha Fisch. et subuniflora Juz .... - pode | evar ere 282 Meyitern 3 avant lees 92 SUORMTER Aly ccc. mw. WE» 29 RAT 289 » microphylla Korsh.. . 92 ‘ 3 ere Berl? 242 faptskonae Fisch. et Mey... .... 88 fenuiloba Hayek wesc. ovs - -. « 298 Moorcroftiana var. lactiflora Brihl . 92 Tschernaewi Paulsen. ....... 263 is a: lactiflora f. typica Tachernjaewit Relonei .odv- - - 2 264 Rorsh. S203) ik 92 Tachernaewi.Rel.. . . » 09s) 0. «\ eh 264 olympica Bawssk' VS 40S). wedidadeeire 94 ita A. Mines aera” 2 sew 255 parvitlora Labo y .\724 aid insti thine’ 88 ilovarStokes «i » » Mt oA. s gates 283 Sibirica Lam. \: 1: .«° srdde. Oe toa 96 udensis Trautv. et Mey. ...... 250 as var. concolor Rgl ..... 96 nmprasal GeAc Me (so Me fis deerants 248 s var. discolor Rg, . .... 96 immellataaiam. 7 ote sis Vacant 272 Sibirica ‘Schischk.,. .tasver: bil neta 91 = Wallan ee Leslee? sabes 271 silvestris Necki\ ®,& |2 wre ahs - 94 2 40Ct OS uk a? osteo 270 Sternbergii Kar. et Kir... . 2... 93 PETER PARED teu) Fal << oie on 243 thalictroides Schlecht. ...... 88 i erpeM oe xs sh utiieel = aes Pernsties 93 Anonaceae Dunal. .......... 567 | Archaeocapnos M. Pop. sect... . .- - 681 Anthora DC. sect. ... 2... 2 ee | 189 | Argemonorhoeades Fedde, sect. . . . - 627 TS Et a ae 86 | Asimina Adans. ..... st aad hers 568 alpina var. grandiflora DC... .. . 96 TEUGHBMUNG ten dire: News & 4 8 8 568 AMULENSISHINOME” 3. Go.) sa uses anduys 97 |AsiminospermumM Sp. ..sceccceceeecseeees 568 587 ‘Atragene L. . |...) 5 ele edeundigee 307 macropetala;Ldb.' ies dusirametaie 308 SUbEricallased ) 6s yeu ke us . 5 308 alpina’ Pall... s.« «jai fone (eee 308 alpina var. ochotensis Rgl. et Til. 309 » var. platysepala Maxim... - . 309 ochotensis)allim artamctiem atten + ces 675 Marschalliana Rupr... ...... 660 Pallidtflora RUDI! isiGs ewe ie oe a ee 679 ss 8. Bayerniana Rupr.. . . 677 | GapnoidesAdans. . « . 6s. 1 eos» 649 Capnoides DC.subgenus. ....... 681 Carinata Fedde Se6li.seiias Mujer. 5. 3 634 Castalia alba Woodville. ....... 7 candida Schinz u. Thell.. .... . 8 Cilehichy Woron. = + «+ «os © sss 8 pyomaed Salish... . «0. » = + « « 11 speciosa Besser. 5 5 ems @ (+) 0.49 8 rs Dalisheacat causes hicks 6,.ok 7 | Peira@on A LAWEGR 4.76 2 6 cuss > 1h Caulophyllum L. C. Rich... ..... 552 Folustum Maxim... 56 eyo + ou 552 589 'Chelidonium L. thalictroides Rgl. + var. robustum Maxim.. . GatenataSteinb: sect. eas 4): Wo sndqans Ceratocephalus Prantl, subgenus . . . . Ceratocephalus Moench. ....... falentus Pers. .e:veie % adletis fs eo 0) “a, Se eee is: ” e var. vulgaris Boiss... .. . glaber Janisch WECHTUUS HEME 62 a2 + xis p 6 Gah fhe lerocarpus KSteve Mie Re ute a) % orthocerastDGine 8 sic b 2 B86 A var. glaber Beck. platyceras Stev..... . Ceratophyllaceae A. Gray Ceratophyllum L. .......... apiculatum Rgl. et Maack Giemnieisnaim aise a 6) ae os yiee at een GEMEFSUMIM ss ois vec s Say Gl dl Js demersum var. apiculatum (Cham.) Sap. Komarovit) Kuzenspauemeniene ef). ) eye Kossinskyt (Rizensci%. aes .at+- 84 ussuriensis) Oett, 0/0) 2). ete). 84 Cinnamomum ellipsoideum Sap.et Mar. 571 lanceolatum Unger.......-+.--> 571 polymorphum Heer ..-...+-+-++ee 571 Ross miaesiliert Heer.) < yey ajay ie) on 571 Scheuchzeri Heer ....-...0 %.% 571 aff. sezannense Wat ......2... 571 subrotundum Heer......+.24.2.2-.-s 571 ucranicum Schmalh...... +++ ses 571 Clontatist ee. ei re eee, 310 aethusifoliawbureze. 02 6 ie errr 315 ajanensis ©.)Ktzey = = 2)') i 312 alpina ssp. macropetala O. Ktze. 308 i » ochotensis O. Ktze. 309 . MS TOTricaM@ a tZeluen's fen 3 | 308 angustifoliaM ©.) oy einen el et 318 asplenifolia Schrenk .......- - 317 ‘5 i var. Boissieriana (Korsh.)H. Krasch. 317 Boissieriana Korsh. ....... - 317 brevicaudatayD Gam soe ee oe 320 davyuricapludbanee te ini emenic 321 dauricalers Wy haed eae Aten 321 flammuladeove cue Boe enema ets 319 | Wlarremutay MB ale) tere teen 320 fuscauhurez ad ue pene eer en vie) cies 312 F var. ajanensis Rgl. et Til. 315 sa Pa var. manshurica Rgl. + 315 i S var. umbrosa Kom. . . . 315 M * var. violacea Maxim. . . 315 Gebleriang Bong: 0.) eens 316 placate Wall lve ih.) oie 2 aaa 5) Syl Emeliniy dh she oes, Sea He 318 hexapetal allele iii Vy he Netiatee PA ie 318 nave etal ey Wy) 6) als SU TREN Se eS LD # var. angustifolia O.Ktze. 312 a var. normalis O. Ktze. . 312 ntricata var.serrata Kom.. .... . 321 3 we elfordi Moms) tive at 321 | ispahanica Boiss. | i.) Ne Siz | kamischaticalbong: yen e eiiee at 312 | lastanthaituschs re ye ee eee S18) JathyrifoliaiBessy ie wee one eee 318 | latisecta Prantl Brit Ue ar is 315 | loncecaudatelWdbs 044) see 322 | manschurica) Rupr wee ae 319 | 590 nutans var. aethusifolia O. Ktze. . i latisecta O. Ktze.. . . . ochotensis Poir. orientalis Kryl. orientalis L..... . var. serrata Maxim. tangutica Maxim. ake +i Wilfordi Maxim... . pseudoflammula Schmalh.. .... . pseudoorientalis O. Ktze recta lis HON TBEE WS. oie 7 eames recta var. mandshurica Maxim. . . normalis O. Ktze.. . .. . ssp. Flammula O.Ktze. . . ssp. ispahanica O. Ktze. 8 ssp. songarica O.Ktze. serrata Kom. serratifolia Rehder sibirica (Milll ay." 5 Pe eee ae songarica Bge var. asplenifolia Trautv. Boissieriana B. Fedtsch. integrifolia Trautv. . . . » Gebleriana O. Ktze. . . “ » intermedia Trautv. . . subtriternata Nakai tangutica (Maxim.) Korsh Viorna var. violacea O. Ktze. . Vital loa leepeyretns : viticella L. Wilfordi Kom GOCOWMNME MAME JG clog 65500 6 55 Consiligo DCrisect:., *: /.%' ee Consolida Boiss. sect... ...... . Consolida DC. subgenus Consolida S. F. Gray ajacis Schur arvensis Opiz Bin bees 22 barbata Schroding.. ..... .- camptocarpa Nevski divaricata Schroding.. ....... Hohenackeri Grossh leptocarpa Nevski orientalis Schréding. .- pan culata Schur paradoxa Nevski ” o See: Ye: fer eg OF eee ae o> fe a: a Aah ey te re ” ” ” ” ” fe: ie) fe, oleic Wiel ee ace: aay ve (le; eo @y (ey (Oly (seen ene) var. var. Pik eet tees ocr oO lode! (oer “ae te) les pen ei ale ne rene persica Schréding. .. .. > regalis S. F. Gray rugulosa Schréding. segetum Schur songorica (Kar. et Kir.) Nevski Stocksiana Nevski ey: (oy fal. el Mit naw CWE ral ech Cit Yuri magia ie eh oa) Coptidium Nym. sect... ....... 359 fabacea Pers. ..... ieee the 665 Coptie Salish. ... . iw’ us ro ct i) Fedtschenkoana Rgl. . . .. 2... 698 Peol(l..), Saligbs, «, js:5 onouselronst 78 filiformis Royle ....... be wee 7O2 Coronarioides P. Popow, subsect. . . . . 257 fimbrillifera:Korsh, osc. 2 4 won Monks 691 Corydaleae Rchb. koaeHo. . . . . 2... 649 flabellata Bdgewis "4 oni. wel iowhs 695 Memwielie Medic. 6s wie ew 6 8s 649 lavala (Rab) MOGs awe a oreo ocd) 702 adianthifolia Hock. et Thoms.. . . 695 fumar‘ifolia Maxim... ....... 669 Ns re oe Pe. 696 e » var. incisa M. Pop. 670 dunca Maxim 8) EOS oe 694 Cevieriias: Wat auwidys 16% ee srce US 702 ” var. alaica Korsh. .... . 696 gigantea Trautv. et Mey... .. . 683 mitebmomu Me Pops: 2 6.920. se bio arcs 658 4 var. amurensis Rgl. . . . . 683 Alboviana Steup. ......... 664 A var genuinaRgl. ..... 683 Alexeenkoana N. Busch. ...... 674 * var. macrantha Rgl. . . . . 682 PME UOCh hadnsvin axes «2 655 glauca” PUPS ys) aia le: whoatien buses 701 alpestris CHASM se. 5, cP ee ane 676 glareosa Somm. et Lev. . sMEEDOS 676 » Var. Bayerniana (Rupr.) M. Pop. 677 glaicesiceps Rgliy + «dott dk iro 663 ” » calcarea N.Busch. . . . 677 Gortschakovii Schrenk . ...... 688 BULaICOIDESS. a BOS Maximowicziana Nakai. ...... 700 Grasewola Royle ss.) 3.3 3) 6 ses 3 698 motlesta Prati 000) 5. ay shcaet wah 655 cava (Mill.) Schweig. et Korte . . . . 659 Moorcroftiana Wall. ........ 691 REMERON oS Petved cals ce Ve wien ae 664 Neyvakiii(M, Pops’! ocd) ches a 2 658 . var. albiflora DC. . . ... 665 nivalis Boiss. et Huet ....... 676 chionophila E, Czerniak. ..... . 654 mote (L.) Pers, ¢. 6 < AMY ne S 687 Conorhica Ldb. ss see Aci et O15 z » var. odontophylla DC. 688 a var. macrosepala Boiss.. . . 676 HUGICAMUORedntod Age < « © «6 6 660 if » ochroleuca Boiss. . . . 676 ochotensis Turcz. . ed Mises 10S: » Ruprechtii N. Busch. . 676 ecnrolstica Rupry s white ls ct) ons 676 curionemern train 2's OO ew 656 Pacsoski Ny Buse es. 6. «fy # oh) eae °672 Carwasicet mol. . a! sobwe . sk kel 653 paeoniifolia N. Busch. . ..... 683 decumbens Maxim. ......... 680 paeoniifolia (Steph.) Pers... . . . . 684 f ee eee Cees Borer aee «1 Oo Sy Sl See ee» eo oe a 700 Oe We OM eo es as 671 a » var. ramosissima Kom. . 701 Prmanuei OC. A. Mae oss ita 679 B » var. speciosa (Maxim.) © var. pallidiflora Lipsky . . 679 Re fk 888 ugh oe 701 Erdelii Zuce. Kart ae Sele vee ae 655 i » var.typica N.Busch. . . 701 591 pallidiflora (Rupr.) N. Busch paniculigera Rgl. et Schmalh. Pag. wet G95 _ » var. latilobaM. Pop. 695 pauciflora N. Busch . . .....- - 679 pauciflora (Steph.) Pers. . . ... - 678 3 var. alpestris Akinf. . .. . 676 s var. pallidiflora Trautv. 679 ; var. parviflora Rgl. . . . - 680 = var. sibirica Rgl. .. . - « 680 persica Cham. et Schlecht. .... . 654 Popovii.Nevski yews PS oye 656 pseudoadunca M. Pop. ...... .- 696 pseudoalpestris M. Pop... .... - 677 pseudostricta M. Pop. ...... . 695 RaddeanayRiels: sea. 1) clei) cee 704 ramosa B. Fedtsch.. . ...- +--+. - 672 Redowskii Fedde. ......... 683 Ns var. Tilingii Fedde - 683 remota Fisch. et Mey.. -..-. . 670 » var. fumariifolia Kom. . . . . 669 » var. genuina N. Busch - 670 repens Mandl. et Mihldorf .... . 666 rutaefolia N. Busch ....-..-. - 654 7Tuttfolia Boiss. . ee eee 147 altaicum! Nevski''."% °9 2927) 0aeeee 161 ambigaum< Mill”, BV, Ste) ae see 104 amoenum Steverne) en en eee 158 anthoroideum Boiss. p.p......- - 101 apetalam uth eine) = eee 200 ancuatum) Nevbuschieie nnn 139 barbatum’ Bees eane) > Senne 102 Batalinii Huth. = 3 Pee 169 biternatum bP reyny: 2) =) ee 182 lotsa loin o o 6 o 6 6 bo o 182 bithinicum Griseb. . . ...... - 105 brachycentrum’ Ldb. 927-2). -n eee 163 3 {. alpestre Kom. 163 5 f. riparium Kom. . . . 163 bracteosum Somm. et Lev. .... . 138 i var. albida Som. et Lev. . 128 a var. macranthum Som. et-Lev, 0 eee 128 Brunonianum Royle. ........- 123 Brunonianum auct.. ........- 124 Brunonianum N. Busch. ..... . 125 bucharicum M. Pop. ........- 170 Buschianum Grossh. .....-... 143 camptocarpum Fisch. et Mey. . . 106 camptocarpum C. Koch. ...... 111 sé 6. robustum Bge.. . . 109 ‘ 8. songoricum Kar. et Kir? *. 7 Ree 109 s a. turcomanicum Bge.. 109 cappadocicum var. incurvatum O. Kuntze 106 caschemirianum Royle ...... - 124 caucasicum' GC. A. Mir. "avaris . > ee 126 cheilanthum Fisch. ......-.-. 162 centrorossicum Litw. ........ chinense Fisch. CEPETSTEUETOLE VE or iera'er us! ce ozs 1s) capac hc : 8. dictyocarpum Huth . caeeat Bio-Pop. 6 so tdeceld apc CORSGNUAMIN, Sue clue okey o's fg ayodies consolida M. B. . micranthum Boiss. var. paniculatum Aschers et Kanitz ssp. pariculatum N. Busch . x var. sparsiflora Vis... . . corymbosum Rgl. |: ee Mle fer pee. yiawntioek! Ghey s . s 125 Fréyati Conrathi. Ses 280... cena 179 glahdlamilaren Yess. dudeuw® Bw 147 glaciale Hook. et Thoms. ...... 125 Graadifigrany to). SP, .. .. sbaiemane 164 o Aiichinense DC. ».. 2 > 164 hispanicum Willk. et Lange... . . 105 Hohenackeri Boiss... ....... 101 Aybryfamystephs its. wae Kh osrned 179 ¥ a a a en ee oe 177 - Gs ayia, Lb. « utinwd' Wesel 179 z QOBBREED. <2 (3/6. ees 177 y var. albiflorum C. Koch. . 181] 4 var. floribus ochroleucis MiB. teat 2s bola aivew 181 a var. floribus saturate viola- cers Holter: yxry.« finb! epene 175 ‘3 a. genuinum Boiss. 179 i ssp. genuinum N. Busch . . 179 * y- gracillimum Ldb. 175 = var. hirtula Trautv. .... 175 . ssp. laxiusculum N. Busch. 175 a var. laxiusculum Boiss. . . 175 a ssp. laxiusculum var. pallidi- flora N. Busch .. 12... 175: ‘3 ssp. ochroleucum N. Busch. 181 ! var. ochroleucum Boiss. . . 181 3 var. pilosulum B. Fedtsch. . 174 - 8. puniceum Claus. . . . . 176 . ssp. puniceum N. Busch . . 176 , ssp. Schmalhausenii Me Busch « aes odicus 179 ; ¢. sulphureum Rgl. 182 e var. Szovitsiana Trautv.. . 180 Hignserlautlilh, i, 3, « < < seselaust ons 155 inconspicuum Serg.. .... . 145 inopimatum Nevskie. .. ». «. -*.:. 29> ae 162 palmatifidam’D ©. ae 147 Szovitsianum Boiss... .... . i180 paniculatum Host ......... 103 tauricum Pollen tee 5) eee 17d paradoxum Boers (roe. |. 113 ternatum Huth...) 3290 ee 166 parviflorummlurez.)) esse Ne 152 tomentellum N. Busch ...... - 143 pauciflorum Rchb. ..- 3... .. 163 triste, Pisch.0392) Payee eo ee 157 persicumpBoisshe).) en ae eR, G lik turkestanicum Huth ........ 155 persicum aucts 2 li: san eras ee 110 turkmenum)! Lipsky? 9-20 )o ene 174 us var. ferganense Korsh. 111 ucranicum: Fischs .). -) shane 148 ks vy. Regelianum Huth . . . 109 umbellaitum Rel. 4 3) 30s eee 155 pilosulum B.Fedtsch.. ..-.-... . 174 uralense Nevski ...- .....-. 159 PoltoratzkupRupre ie 20s fs) 135 werstcolor Salish...) -) = «le n-iean 102 propinquum Nevski. ........ 124 yillosum,Stevs, S22) 30D 8S SRE 152 pterospermum Turez......... 152 Winklerianum Huth ..... . 131,145 pubescens ening 2). oc) as 104 Zalil Aitsch. et Hemsl.. . ...-. - 182 pubiflorum Huth. ..-....... 148 IDGVANGMGER Gx a ogo 6 Giblolb o ab doe > 29 fs Aue zs) gst eins eee meer eee 164 balidjeimitanja"Sapack.s soo oo eee 20 puniceum) Palle syetasen cy Oe we 176 gelindenensis Sap. et Mar........ 20 pyramidatum Albee 2 oh eM) sere 142 grandifolia Krassn. . ri - , He ‘ : i 20 quercetorum Boiss. et Hausskn. 175 i i Tee ie, retropilosum (Huth) Sambuk 9 152 PEOGMNIAMGCIGA ISEI a 6 Ge ao ob 20 Rha N. Schipez Ua Lub Ba MSI Nps Seed RY ae Sy Cri mieiliey NESE Gig 66 6 oo 8 oO oc 20 FOSSICUTEMLIEWS hie et ee 148 |Dicentra Bernh. ........2... 648 rossicum Rouy . . .- Wf Lea) lachenaliaeflora Ldb.- ....... 648 Tugulosirn AUcety .\s! ) J ewe sen en Mn 110 peregrina (Rudolphi) Fedde. . .. . 648 Tugulosum) Boiss-).02 ene een ho: ic 112 pusilla Sieb. et Zucc.. + +. ...- 648 Raprechtit Nevski}. je. 138 denurjolia adaw i sweater te Sete le 648 saniculaefolium Boiss. ....... 169 | Dicentreae Bernh. koaeno . . .-.-.- - 647 594 Diclytra Borckh. lachenaliaeflora DC. om... =.) » » PT ON. 6 nny an = SM Ton neal Diedropetala Huth, sect.. ....... 2 OE) Cae anor. er ane ee Diphylleia L.C. Rich... . - Grayi Fr. Schmidt cymosa Gray Mehrmelia OC, certs) in eo oo acs . Elatopsis Huth, sect. PORMEOM ALN. ins ihm eye + ss BAGO EROUM Beds io nisen wii 5 ee Epimedium L. 0 ES | ee Pe eer ‘ var. pubigerum DC. circinnatocucullatum Sosn.. . ... . colchicum (Boiss.) Trautv.. ..... ss var. integrifolium Medw. et oY Oe Coe Ce eer ee ee koreanum Nakai . macranthum Forb. et Hemsl. pinnatum Fisch. ie var. colchicum Boiss. " var. integrifolium Medw. et Alb. . miereceras Morr... «6 «004.5 0 : pubigerum (DC.) Morr. et Decne. Eranthis Salisb. . longistipitata Rgl. TS SN ba es M var. glandulosa N. Stine x var. nuda N. Schipcz. . stellata Maxim. uncinata Turcz. ” var. puberula Rgl.. . : . . Eriocephalus Hook. f. et Thoms. subgenus Euauricomus (Spach) Ovez. sect. Eudelphinium Huth, subgenus Euepimedium Franch., subgenus Eu-hypecoum M. Pop. subgenus Eunigella Prantl, sect. . Eu-oxygraphis Freyn, subgenus . Euryale Salisb.. . ~ ferox Salisb. a fe rox Salisb. Euthalictrum DC. sect. Eutrollius Prantl, sect... ....... Ficaria Dill. Ficaria Boiss. subgenus » calthaefolia Rchb. AteddirssGrossh.o. o/s’. ..4 erties » fascicularis C. Koch s © ‘Ope. ed) e,. Sot. fe eo ea ae eee Yen >, a em ee Ci pi ue no. Ke) O20 16d lessee 6 = 6 @ a te SS 2 Orem) eiwests, eye Sitet ¢ se «© Aa) 595 Pag. Ficaria ficarioides (Bory et Chaub.) Halaczy 335 hie \OLQCTQUIS SE 1SCNs co eae ae 326 » Ledebouri Grossh. et Schischk. . . 333 » peloponnesiacaNym ...... 335 » ranunculoides Moench. .... . SB) » var. bulbifera Rchb. . 333 a Vera HuGsanohites. cit. Ke sieetet otis 333 Wieares TeMGE. |. ue plates 333 seen Webu. Sect. < Barc, S oninatuads 361 Flammula Webb. subgenus .... . 361 marian gtk es 3 feuaccesspawthcmattie witha 706 QIAICAME DS als, sfc mks amt Ee ee 678 Md@ialcd HOISS. bw eek aman 70) ungustiverd WM. Bs 2!) shina FR oxecesn 673 BSC DAIS CO ed es cess > sb. s.. a a dis bracteata Steph, s. a¢2) Bh sptedmoteud 674 buloosn @. cape Leva) pueactiteniel 659 m . , Be emeer ine dta Th.k-. 1a sssttuboen ein 665 VeSOLUGGLIEE Outen sessa.s 671 Colyerna Ban, Nacdisn? Ul cnisrats andes 710 caprordes L.'p. p.m wpoiaasl tie 702 GCAREBOIBER AD, a ui oy okt sda sel 0 708 ile NOME Go lal os, 9) vad fe ey uk Re 659 ST CD Caen ey a eae 710 CCR MEO EER ies es Mien ae 65 pele NOUS si a. s,s eben ee 701 Faller Willd: 44. 4c anion nctennl boas 671 mmipatiens Falls 6s. sana: YE cee i 705 indica Pucsiey . . <. « sein be anctanes 715 injermedm EMT: = + < % . + exenat suai 665 Kralsia dards «.did\isckgeth vist. - sas 709 longifora Wilds ii tq sapurtl enisdalys 663 Re einen = o.. geen eo 703 Marschalliana Pall...... ...... > 659 MPWEFE SOV. 3-5. susie’) pievadenand 713 mierantin Gag.) =, os Senile ewes 710 microcarna Boiss... > +, os \s81 , 4 aye) aie Glaucium Adans.... . aureum C. Koch hs » var. flaviflorum DC. bracteatum M.Pop.. ....... contortuplicatum Boiss... .... . corniculatum (L.) Curt... ..... elegans Fisch.et Mey... ...... fimbrilliferuam B.Fedtsch.. . ... . fimbrilligerum Boiss. . . .. . oz oh (oh fe tet tia Ve leiocarpum M. Pop. . typicum M. Pop.. . oO Oty Oye Bele) ve et el) te ” 29 flavum Crantz grandiflorum Boiss. et Huet insigne M. Pop. leiocarpum Boiss... ........ luteum Scop. » var. fimbrillifera Trautv.. . . oxylobum Boiss. et Buhse paucilobum Fedde paucilobatum Freyn phoeniceum Crantz pulchrum Stapf pumilum Boiss. refractum Stev. (O: 5) so We) pre) re! ue. Wie ote) eave teh a) hres Pelt reli tre! es ey aie ,e: ye) hetyere, ou cert e.y sell tarps ') a) wien Me. eo ese Ner een) er ge) inte) te Oy hel wea peel ey ie ene mene eel we), Ne) Me, pene: ia) lene), we ev Fer \Aiete er tipel Welter \ere” fave Serpierideldrg., i esst]sy SW Mae Oe squamigerum Kar. et Kir... .. . tenue Rgl.et Schmalh.. . ..... . tricolor: Bernhs iia.2 Nee Ge vitellinum B.Fedtsch.. ....... Gymnocaulon Franchet, sect. . . ... Halerpestes Green. .......... ruthenica (Jacq.) Ovez. . . .... - salsuginosa (Pall.) Green iar: alpina looks) cian anes sarmentosus Kom. . . Hecatonia Lour. genus Hecatonia (Lour.) Ovez. subgenus. . . . er hey te el em ite Ser genre” Kent ek yar ve 596 Pag. Hecatonia DC. sect... . * . . 353, 361, 410 » Grn. et Godr., sect... ... 407 Helleboreae DC. woaewo . . . . 2... 35 Helleborus Adans. .......... 57 abehasicus\AVBrit: . +. 3 iS eee 59 5 var. colchicus Rel... es 59 abchasicus X H. purpurascens .... 60 casta-diva ssp. abchasicusN. Busch. . 59 » » ssp. Kochii N. Busch . 58 caucasicus ‘A. Br... 3°) eg eee 58 % var. abchasicus Rgl. . 59 s var. guttatus Rgl.. . . 59 caucasicus X H. abchasicus . .. . . 60 colchicus Rel. 5% .- 2 0 59 guttatus AvBree foes Tacuie 59 guttatus X abchasicus 60 Hleyderi Hort 5 ee oe 60 Kochi Schfine St ee 58 lividescens A. Br. et Sauer... . . 60 niger Ldbie 202050 Se 58 orientalis Ldbsies eee eee oe 58 purpurascens Waldst. et Kit.. . . . . 58 sibiricus Roehm. et Schult. . ... . 61 trifolias esa. ee ee ee 79 Hepatica Mill.” (2.2) 2) G00" oe eee 282 Falconeri (Thoms.) Juz... .... . 284 Ay 8. Semenovii Rgl. . . . . . 284 Hepatica Karst! ©.°. . 4. ee 283 nobilis'Garsault’ . 2°% 0. eee 283 trilobavGilibs: Ys 12. eee 283 Homalocarpus DC. subgenus. . ... .- 269 Hydropeltis purpurea Mich, . ....- - 5 Hylalectryon Irmisch, subsect. .... .- 241 Hylomecon Maxim. .......... 584 japonica N: Busch === v2) =) one 384 * (Thunb.) Prantl et Kiindig. . 585 es es m 3 vars subintegra Fedde ........--. 585 vernalis"Maxime) = 2) =) -2 ose 584 Hymalayicae Ulbr., sect... ...... 256 Hypecoidae Prantl ..... 576 Hypecoum [= =.) 3 sen 576 caucasicum G. D. J. Koch. . . .. . 581 erectum La 4. < *. RRR er cee 577 mn var. lactiflorum (Kar. et Kir.) Maxim.. . . 578 “ Var) typicumyves) sudan: nee 578 grandiflorum Benth ........ 579 leptocarpum Hook. f........-. 578 parviflorum Kar. et Kir. ...... 580 pendulum Lave iis seme atone ie es 581 7 var. parviflorum Kryl. . . . 580 iroobum -Crautvs.<' .* .: 2s) SAVIN e 580 Iostemon Juz.subgenus . .... . 288 Isopyroides N. Schipez. sect. 77 MBpegeeN LT ih oes a 5 RL THD IOS 74 anemonoides Kar. et Kir... . . .. 78 caespitosum Boiss. et Hoh. 77 prcannecea thse oe sls! sin, TAP a PN 72 grandifloram Fisch, 2.00.5 2 6. 76 4 var. microphyllum Finet et Gagnep. ve manshuricum Kom. .......- - 75 microphyllum Royle .......-. fis Raddeanum Maxim. ........ 73 PrabiteGides LAC sls” Se Oh 74 thalictroides Hook... : . . 0...) 78 uniflorum Aitch. et Hemsl. 76, 78 Jeffersonia Bart... ..... i san ge Gyphaylid Pers wait dupe. 42 bese. 541 dubia (Maxim.) Benth. et Hook. 540 manchuriensis Hance. ...... - 540 Kadsura chinensis Turez. ....... 566 Kolobopetala Huth, sect... ...... 158 Mormmraffpa OsKitzen sls es ee eh Ps 71 Komaroffia (O. Ktze.) Brand, sect. a dracreipolia' Os Kitzeat. 200) 0) oes 71 Eournnenealiindletisen 267 Sa... 571 ERaree rs. ieee Petes 1h) oes 8; 572 Cre Gunisic hiorid iaiGaud W's) tas Fee 571 Kalag eis) Ungerss ts. pie ahiiath. se eh te 571 mobiles. Ui; ,leaeah{ctnsctgntes :. 1 SOOT QA 572 primigenia Unger+ - + + + «+ + « « 571 pirsnicle\pist Heerk <0. of SPST Ss Ale 571 Schmidtiana Heer + ~- +--+. ses 571 vieitauisita Ungerty)ts = 3 «(2 AS 571 LesnltenLecianttat wos? flor) eos 545 PUbSre REL: Pues var LOG 550 mitarea Boiass.. corcwern [ORO Go eeg es 550 altaica Pallas. sv erddurperret!® Gets ig 549 gp ln PeodessHnaiDCis sae. 8 tive 550 apnfolia Fisch.) . Salen. os a! HUGO 546 chrysogoniambs ey eos. Pe ae 552 darwastes Relatcl meh. eer. 6 ss 550 Ewersmanni Bge. «2 06a) 503 ee 546 ingentadall. ... . 649 Myosuras Lis 22 E oS IE ne 323 minimus LAnee. See, 4 323 Nelumbium Juss... .-.-.--.-.-- 3 nuciferum: Garth. «ese 3 speciosum Willd... ....-+-+.+- 3 asiaticum Rich. . . 2... 6 ss 8 5 caspicum Eichw.. ..-- +--+ > 3 Nelumbo mysticus Salist. . . .. +: > 5 Nelumbium pacificum Pojark......- 2 Nelumbium sp....--e-e-es++eeeees 2 Nelumbonaceae Lindl... ...-. ++ > 3 Nelumbonoideae Casp. subfam.. . - - - 3 Bivelin lis grr cc oe a 62 aRVenSighlii@ fe cr ce-ch ce ot ot 8 oe eels 68 bucharica N. Schipez.. . . ....-.- 71 damascenavls yaks sie ne eereuEne 70 diversifolia Franch.’ © -- =... - - 71 foeniculacea DEG? .. =) =<) saacmemen 68 garidella Spenner .-.---..-- 63 glandulifera Freyn et Sint. . ...- - 70 integrifolia Rel. Pay = es 42 eri ae 7s OrientalisU Ls whssd ah * Sue ae eau 64 oxypetala Boiss. . . -- +--+. - 67 “ var. tenuifolia Boiss. 67 persica Borsse )): 7s. ee eee 67 SathVal ee ee eh ee Ne BA Ci TL yak ange 69 segetalis Mabe. 7) <( cule av emieeate ies 68 faurica Steve cc) ieje) seed elameen ca 2 70 tuberculata Griseb.. . . ....+.- 68 Nigellastrum DC. sect. . ..-..-.-.- 64 Nuphar Smith ......... 12 advenum’ K. Brats) Shy ye ete bs 14 advenum! Solanda) eae naa 14 americana Provancher ......- « 14 intermediund Ldbum- eee ne - 14 luteo-pumilum Caspary. ..... .- 14 luteum)|Smith ©\:) c= co saciid tee 13 PustienuimesSmitha elesnis) © 0) ee iel te!) (6 2 luteum XN. pumilum. ....... 14 | Minima Strsedeis whew Var Ke Wis a ks 13 3 Spenner) eure fal a tate 14 pumilum (Hoffm.) DC. ....... 13 Spennerianum Gaud........-. 14 Nymphaea lo 2.0.0.5 city el a) jai joni 6 4 acuttlobaaD Ca eae ee ae 11 advena'Soland. 0 ssa) een 14 Fo Ge PaO eee eee enn ct 2 al barcdee ee eo peeled aa vii » subsp. ¢etragona Korsh. .... Il a ivarscminor, DO Caumolied ‘piste, aspeine 8 , var. melocarpa Caspary 7 » var. minoriflora Asch.et Gr. . .- 7 , #- terrestris Clavaud..... . 7 alba L. X N. candida Pres] .... . 8 Basniniana Vureze )"2!"= \ ii ae 8 biradi.ta Sommerauer ....... 8 GorealissGamusyi)s) <<) ei nna 8 cachemiriana Camb. |... Sy) /3) eens 8 candida Preslijir sy 2) ii svelinent nese ous 8 » ft. intermedia K. Valle 8 » 4. peralba K. Valle . 8 » 4. percandida K. Valle 8 » var. minor Wainio... 11 candida < N. tetragona H. Hjelt. . . 12 | fermiical Melaw sty iaplicy You sexton ven ube ae 11 lufeG Ee ee. ie eee ee sk Oe 13 minima Willdiis. =. <.-. &tpey See nelumbo L. nitida Lab. pauciradiata Bge. pumila Hofime 2% «4-005: salt eee punctata ‘Karjeti Kir... =f. a<90 eee pygmaea Ait. tetragona Georgi Wenzelii Maack Nymphaeaceae DC. tem oir! Heer Mags tou anne 6) se Me:s Ver ce) 46 isef) oe fie eee ee) ves |e)? ve", off o e Pes eee Nymphaeites Nymphaeoideae Casp. subfam. Nymphozanthus ‘uteus Fernald vulgaris L. Oocapnos M. Pep. sect. . ... 2... . Oreocapnos M. Pop. sect. Oreodaphne Heeri Gaud. var.eglandu- losa Schmalh. . «e605 « Bile we enna 2 OO ye we eh fa Dale ucrainica Krysht. Oriba Adans. sect. Orthorhoeades Fedde, sect. . Oxygraphis Bge. . . . . - 21.2.2. Andersoni Freyn. . . . Chamissonis (Schlechtd.) Fi reyn cymbalaria| Prantl). .22). /9).eeeie glacialis (Fisch.) Bge.. . . - 2 2. glacialis var. pentapetalus Rgl. Maximoviczii (Pamp.) Ovez. plantaginifolia Prantl polypetala Hook. : Schaftoanus Aitch. et Heel! vulgaris Freyn Oxytona Bernh. sect. Pachycarpus Ovez. sect... ....-. > Pachyloma Spach Pachyloma (Spach) Ovez. subzenus Paeonia L. oe ubeneiies Misez. =) wi. i GeRieet oe albiflora Pall. anomala L. § var. nudicarpa Huth Bi var. typica Huth Biebersteiniana Rupr. caucasica N. Schipez.. . . . - var. coriifolia Rupr. . Chamaeleon Troitzky chinensis hort... .. . coralliina Lidb. 7. 633 macrophylla Lomak. ....... - 30 Gung Doce tees ot: Saeed 639 Mlokosiewiczi N. Busch. . . . .. - 26 » var. albiflorum Boiss. . .. . 639 Mlokosewitschi Lomak. . ..... . 26 » var. arenarium Elkan ... . 642 oreogeton S. Moore .-.....-> 26 » var. laevigatum Elkan. . . . 640 Beovata Maxim) iit! +. ines". 800) 27 » faevigatum subvar. erosum » var. australis N. Schipez. . . 27 Fedde 640 4 var. japonica Makino . . . . 27 dzeghamicum Medw. ....... - 620 obovata F. Schmidt ........ 28 Plahaalii Fedde. 2) 30208 192 5 kom 626 morice Pallog tte... SkOGl ota. -aan 33 floribundum Fedde ........ 624 TEGUIFGIBELZAN: tceibe 2 PSaR TCAbe 34 is Desiyais 3 Se. oor 624 ne var. Biebersteiniana N. Busch 35 % dbs. sas <.y ate 634 a B. hybrida Lipsky . . . . . 35 floribundum X P. persicum. ... 626 tomentosa (Lomak.) N. Busch . . . . 30 eee aire 82) ea ERGY) SPO e she 624 Pricernata Palle. oO els ane 28 fraprdamn Uae. SOL Te: eee 629 maernaia Kuprohccds | .2s wens as 28 Rybridias Te ASS eee eee 629 eGR NianGl so fruits! Grog sate 27 F 8. grandiflorum Boiss... . 628 Wittmanniana Buhse. . ......~ 30 a var. macrocarpa N. Busch . 628 Wittmaniana Hartwiss ....... 29 involucratum M. Pop... ..... - 609 “ var. tomentosa Lomak. . 30 iseeram Miaps, jt sey of 3° 28: OE 641 ‘ f. macrophylla N. Busch 30 laevigatumC. A.M. .......-. 642 Paeonieae Bernh. koneHo. . .- ~~. - 23 laevigatum M.B. . . . + ss ees 640 Papaveraceae Juss. . « « .'sf6%. 6% « 573 3 var. erosum Litw. ... . 640 PE a aay fe cat's SCO. TETHERED 598 lapponicum (A. Tolm.) Nordhagen. . 615 pranense M.Pop, . cor dscns idole 607 lasiothrix:-Feddei% (3°. S20 292 GOIN 619 alboroseum:.Fiulten... «sok .2.) 608 SreeIROne Las in! «Se AUST FY 630 miniatum Rchb. . - - + + + e+ = 604 3 var. hybridum Schmalh. . . 629 monanthum Trautv. ...-+.-+-+ =: + 622 armeniacum N. Busch ....... 624 nivalevAs Telit 098! Sie. VS a 616 . (B.) DER oe BO 0S ree 627 PapicdUleBRte: cos sk 6 we es ae 606 _ var. persica N. Busch . . 625 nudicauleils Siilevten sts es ls eles 600 Gtlanticumiballe® sises BVT » hex 621 x 7. croceum Ldb.. - - + + + 606 Belangeri Boiss. «9G! .) oa. es 633 » genuinum arctosibiricum bipinnatum C.A.M......-.-- 643 Lundstr. 615 599 Pag. nudicaule kvaenangense Lundstr.. . . 615 - ssp. amurense N. Busch. . 604 ds ssp. commune N. Busch. . 606 is ssp. commune var. rubro- aurantiacum N. Busch 607 6 ssp. corydalifolium N. Busch 607 a ssp. radicatum Fedde. . . 613 “A ssp. rubro-aurantiacum var. coridalifolium Fedde 607 ve ssp. rubro-aurantiacum var. subcorydalifolium Fedde 607 x ssp. rubro-aurantiacum var. trilobifolium Fedde 607 var. rubro-aurantiacum Fisch. 606 ocellatum™\oronelet-ui-uleicunel uence cine 628 var. turcomanicum M. Pop. . 629 pchotensevAs Tolmicses: ae cede ae 608 oreophilamRupr <<. suit, c2h salavasegele 622 4s var. monantha N. Busch . . 622 5 var. monantha f. obtusi- jfolia Ni Buschipisg? :.3..).5 4 603 onientalewleaiyaauy toate sea hee Sal ee 619 5 var. bracteatumLdb.. . . . 617 +s var. monanthum Trautv.. . 622 ss var. parviflora N. Busch. . 620 5 var. paucifoliatum Trautv. . 620 paucifoliatum (Trautv.) Fedde. . . . 620 pavoninum Schrenk ........ 627 ra var. incornutum Fedde. . . 628 persicumpleimnd is Goce tickle Pa ocala « 625 pseudo-angustifolium A. Tolm.. . . . 614 pseudocanescens M. Pop...... . 610 Ai f.album A. Tolm..... . 613 pseudo-orientaleMedw....... - 619 pseudo-Stubendorfii M. Pop... .. .« 605 pulvinatumyAs Tolmsis ieilheue) scike 614 radicatumMRottbash we: cuenieante 6 8 613 radicatum jugoricum A. Tolm.. . . . 614 radicatum polare A. Tolm..... . 614 radicatum ssp. canescens Serg.. . . 610 S ssp. lapponicum A. Tolm.. 615 Fhoeas) ais: Nokes a. uebyvaeh: kates 636 : 8. strigosum Boeninghausen . 637 i var. arenarium Schmalh.. . 642 ‘ var. commutatum Elkan. . 637 y var. dubium Schmalh.. . . 639 a var. dubium b. laevigatum Schmalh. 640 Roopianum (Bordz.) Sosn.. . . .. . 626 rubro-aurantiacum Fisch. .... . 606 % ssp. typicum A. Tolm.. . . 606 rumelicum Velen: sje ss ase 637 TUpifragum ~BGiSS.hsnom t= ah eyes 621 Schelkownikowii N.Busch. . ... . 638 setiserumM DE. . 5 <9. “setae ae 645 Somniferimilincum\sedybks S -Sehae 644 i var. setigerum Elkan 645 strigosum (Boenn.) Schur. .... . 637 i var. commutatum Fedde . . 638 Pe var. genuinum Fedde. . . 637 i var. urophyllum Fedde. . . 637 Stubendorfii A. Tolm. ....... 605 talyschense’Grossh.. ..: . <\ie‘-jeue 645 tenellum “A; ‘Tolm: *." 2. 0.)e0.) Gia 606 tianschanicum M. Pop... ... - - 609 triniaefolium var. Roopianum Bordz.. 626 Papavereae Rchb. koneno. . - - - «+ « 585 Papaveroideae Prantl et Kiindig. . . . « 581 Paraquilegia Drum. et Hutch... . . . 75 anemonoides (Kar. et Kir.) N. Schipez. 78 * f. nuda N. Schipez.. . .- - 78 fe f. puberula N. Schipez.. . . 78 caespitosa (Boiss. et Hoh.) Drumm. et Hutch. 77 grandiflora (Fisch.) Drumm. et Hutch.. 76 microphylla (Royle) Drumm. et Hutch.. 77 FS f. latifolia N. Schipez.. . . 77 uniflora Drumm. et Hutch... .. . 78 Parviflora Ulbr.subsect.. . ... ++ + 267 Persea palaeomorpha Schimp. + + = = 572 speciosa Heere « © - « © © © « « + 572 Pes-gallinaceus Irmisch, sect. . . . - - - 661 Petrocapnos DC. sect. . «5 2 «s+ « 716 Pfandiat@pizi).¥ 420. ae eae 351, 475 Phtheirotheca Maxim... ......-. 552 cyanosperma Maxim... .....- - 552° Phyllocaulon Franch. sect... ..-..-- 544 Physocarpum DC. sect........- - 513 PilosayRrantlehyt.peee ieee eae 621 Plagiorhegma Maxim. . . . «+». += - 540 dubium Maxim... ...-- ses 540 Preonanthus Ehrh. subgenus. .... - 287 Pseudo-pilosa M. Pop. sect... . ---- 621 Pulsatilla Adans.. .........-. 285 ajanensis Rgl.et Tiling. ....-.. 297 albana aucts:sii<9)/-h ai tepcy =n 306 albana (Stev.) Bercht et Pres!. . . . 304 » 4. floribus flavis Ldb. . . . . 304 » 8. flore coeruleo C.A.M... . 306 oS 8. floribus coeruleis Ldb.. . . 307 Ps 6. campanella Rgl. et Til. . 306 Py 7. parviflora Rgl. et Til.. . . 306 » var. andina Rupr.» «= = «| « 305 var. armena Trautv. .... - 306 600 albana var. flavescens Rgl. . .... 304 ambigua (Turcz.) Juz. ....... 307 andina (Rupr.) Woron........ 305 angustifolia Turcz.. . 2... +6; 297 armena (Boiss.) Rupr... ...-..-.- 306 aurea (N. Busch) Juz... .....-. 287 Biman Teupre as b.Rereel el dg 301 Bumpeans Gi As Maisie 3 16Y. es 298 campanella Fisch, . ..- +... 306 cernua (Thunb.) Bercht. et Opiz. . . 303 cernua Spreng. X P. chinensis (Bge.) Rgl. 304 chinensis (Bge.) Rgl. - . . . es. 290 dahurica (Fisch.) Spreng. . .-.. . 303 flavescens (Zuccar.) Juz... ..--- 296 WEOPSICH MUPTsis fo Ge ba oa be 8S Ne teers 305 grandis Wenderoth. ........ 293 PgR AOE oo *o io fs, oe OPM WADI Halleri (All.) Willd. ........ 290 hirsutissima var. flavescens E. Huth . 296 intermedia Lasch.. . 606 6 ss 6 6s 296 “2 Hoppe et Hornsch.. . . . 302 SCIRGssit) Mandltise Seles? clits ote on oa 304 koreuna Nakai»: %! +). 6 600 ssa a 304 Kostyczewii (Korsh.) Na «ee 288 Kreieviana Juz... Ss a) Me 296 IqPORPRBDT kk ee 8 OO 295 SRS sons eS EY OO. 287 montana (Hoppe) Rchb.. . . . .. . 302 "s G.sxminca Rel. 5. or) 307 multifida (Pritzel) Juz... .... 296 niggiegns Storek);: 6 i: 2 2 SPh0 2M 302 Rig@e Mekal ss. 5 6 6 ss oehevh) 298 Poteosals) Milles i «6 2 s ote a 295 patens Ldbuvare 3 «6 6 ot AN 296 ’» subsp. asiatica Kryl. et Serg.. 296 » ssp. flavescens Zamels 296 » ssp. latifolia Zamels .... . 295 » ssp. multifida Zamels fee 296 patens (L.) Mill. < P. pratensis (L.) Mill 296 patens (L.) Mill. X P. vernalis aa Mill. 296 pratensis (L.) Mill... - - - ° « 301 pratensisRchb.. . . . - dadicte. .0ietS02 TEHPRU NSD. ss ss we . . 301 Regeliana Kryl.et Serg. «. . . 1s. 307 u DARA, cn cine sdboahints att 307 Sulsevewil, ats, 20% eiiaiveiwn ste 301 tenuiloba (Hayek) Juz ....... 298 Turezaninovii Kryl. et Serg.. . . . . 294 Wermmps (ta) Mill. . 2.2 < »-s 2 2 oc 289 WIGNER MDT. ees os io ahs, ote oes 305 wulgaris.. Beckiimrretis, onc) sa) ire. se 293 Pag. égigaris CHAS Mi wows’ am 2 294 var. tenuiloba Turez. . . . . 298 Wolfgangiana Bess. . ... 1... 296 Pulsatilloides DC. subgenus ...... 256 Pyranistigma Elkan «(giao aka. 623 Radix cava Irmisch, sect... ...... 658 RanalesEnglePag), o2.igA wai Wrens 1 Ranunculaceae Juss... ........ 20 Ranunculastrum DC. sect... 2... 479 Ranunculastrum (DC.) Spach subgenus 479 Ranunculus, L. ose i ee 351 abchasicus Freyn. . ........ 444 Gbenasicas Faprelsqs. s 8e 6 60s 477 Ger. PEGtsch. 6.» ims, alba eee ben 472 dvaraPellms.¢999 aetieeUs). 386 anemonaefolius N. Busch... .. - 456 anemonifolius DC. . .. +... +. 455 anemonaefolius 8. Calverti Boiss. . . 455 b, var. Kotschyi Boiss.. . 458 aguatilisC. A.M. ...+.+e+.s-s 343 a var. Baudotii Schmalh.. . . 349 F var. dichotomus Schmalh.. . 349 FS c. Drouetii Schmalh.. . . . 340 hs var. eradicatus Laest. . . . 339 601 Pag. aguatilis ssp. heterophyllus N. Busch . 343 var. heterophyllus Ldb.. . . 345 var. heterophyllus C. A.M. 350 ssp. mongolicus Kryl. . . . 350 var. pantothrix B. Fedtsch. . 346 8. pantothrix Ldb. - 339, 340 y. sajanensis Rgl. et Radde 339 d. trichophyllus Schmalh. . 345 c. triphyllus Schmalh.. . . 345 arachnoideus C. A.M. .....-. - 405 arvensisi ig a o siucuien cel sumeesomncaie 478 * var. tuberculatus Somm. et TeeVs. sb. eto: ist eR oan 478 astrantiaefolius Bal. .......- 424 % var. alpinus Freyn. . 427 AucherisBoisssie) a) ee) eee ee 453 Aucheri B. Fedtsche . ......-- 504 aureopetalus Kom... ..-.-. es 491 ‘auricomus! [és sain, eeu une 377 auricomus Ldb. ....... ONG G Stsy? . ssp. cassubicus Korsh.. . . 379 mi var. fallax Wimm. ... . 380 8 var. incisifolius Rosan. . . 381 var. palmatus Zing . .. . 379 ssp. sibiricus Korsh. . . . 382 i var. sibiricus Glehn. . .. 382 typicus var. reniformis Roazan.y sissies eiemreuiente a 381 ssp. fypicus Korsh. . . . . 377 3 var. fypicus Rupr. ... . 377 baiealensis Turcz.. +. <=.» « «6 356 baidaraeyRupr: cc) sue 3) ©) rare 435 baldshnanicus*kalsesy gen iter |<) oom 472 balkharicus N. Busch . . . .... « 451 Baudotii var. submersus Litw. . . . + 349 biformis We Kochi 2 2s sa) anew & 378 JANES Siw Gd o6 6 oo nF 424 borealis Kryly . sieae 4 sansa eae - .. 462 i Mrautves aie i) ae te ae 461, 462 borealis Trautv. . .. . Ain are AOS 5 var. glabrata Trautv.- .. . 462 Pe var. pumilis Wahlb.. . . . . 464 3 Var. typica i rautvs s6s) 0) site 463 brachylobus Boiss. et Hohen. . . . . 440 Brotherusii Freyn ......... 398 brutius: Tens: ieay ase) eonct, 2 eeeea 418 Buhser' Boissitevo%s. Uae Rei MURR ec. 52 424 bulboswusuls se) sans, 25 So ew cake 449 Busehit:Ovez. yeh aes SN 443 Calverti Boiss. shy Ronee ews 455 caltfiaefolius Jord. 4 saeey 3. 333 carinatus Freyn eid tenia ee. 344 Pag. carinatus var. Kauffmannii Petunn. . 343 Gassubicus, Li... sis, 3, és ple) aa ee 379 ¥ var. oblongifolius Rozan. . 381 a var. pseudoauricomus Rozan. 381 cassubicus Ldbs (s,..-). ene) Lae 382 caucasicus.M. B)....., <9) hue ae 423 - » f. alpicola Trautv. . . 424 ” » var. lanuginosus Rupr. 424 A var. alpicola Trauty. . .. 428 55 var. alpina N. Busch . . . 427 om var. Buhsei N. Busch . . . 424 Caucasicusjaucts 1c eich cee 430 os Rupr:.«.,-'.:.>. ee), cen 420 Chamissonis Schlechtd.. . .... . 328 chinensis Boe. |. .;)- 4s) <1 saan 409 chinstD Cis coe evs oe te: oe 476 Christi’ We Koch, \... |< ..dsbeaeee 379 cicutarius Schlecht... ....... 487 circinatus Sibthe.. 2 eee 338 Mi var. fenuissimus Freyn . . 339 constantinopolitanus Urv...... . 452 » var. palaestinus O. Ktze. 483 » var. persicus Boiss. . . 455 constantinopolitanus C. A.M... . . 456 conjervoides Kir: .°(. uy eilaan Ue ee 339 crassifolius (Rupr.) Grossh. . ... » 436 cymbalaria dbs « <=) o 21.) a eee 330 ms var. americanus DC.. . . 330 ezimganicus Ovez. . . cecdl- ) 376 » var. sulphureus Wahlenb.. . . 399 PRN sa eafitbad Fo aksyeiil 5 sayy 385 » &. tianschanicus Rupr... . - 401 TAGES P Al eo eth A AE oath, Boteet s 472 » var. tianschanicus Rupr. . . - 400 lanuginosiformis Selin. . . .... . 464 obesus Trautv.. - 2» + < « « sue « 457 lanuginosus N. Busch. . .. ~~. 455 ochotensis Rozan. .... +++ 2s 382 » Ain Mes, Ais Yeh 455, 468 Clare Re 66. wich 2 ae ye 493 i HET co eo ee 467 ophioglossifolius Vill... ....+- 368 a an a 467 oreophilus M.B. .. +--+ ses > 437 ” var. constantinopolitanus _ var. adpressus Ovez. . . . 437 DC. 452 » var. araraticus Rupr. . . . 436 603 oreophilus var. caespitans Ovcz.. . . 5 var. crassifolius Rupr. 5 var. dissectus N. Busch . . s f. incisifolius Ovez.. .. - ‘* var. patulus Ovez. ... . a var. pumilus N. Busch. . . orthoceras Benth... ...-..--= = osseticus Ovez. i f. glabratus Ovez.. ... - oxyspermus M. B. Pallasii Schlecht... ...-.-.e- Pamuri’orshs "c, evcs) ey) ncdae mel emes paucidentatus Schrenk paucistamineus Tausch . Ot hens eh te Sie) fe) | ies ware e “ Freyn var. divaricatus Gelert . var. Drouetii Gelert.. . var. heterophyllus Freyn pauperculus Ovez, . =. . 52. ; * pedatifidus Sm. pedatus Waldst. et Kit... ....- pedunculatus Schlecht. ....-. - Peloponnesiacus Boiss. é var. granulatus Boiss. pele ssp. septentrionalis Lindb. f. pensylvanicus Hook. . . . . - var. chinensis Maxim. . philonotis Ldb. pinnatisectus M. Pop... ...... plantaginifoliusMurr.. ...... - platyspermus Fisch. Ms Mrautvace caro ustts eure pleurocarpus Maxim. . .. . - S05 polyanthemos Rupr. polyanthemus L....... -. var. glaber Wim. et er dy var. latifolius Rupr. eas fete, (eva Ra cay ee! e510) @ se) (8) Je), & sh cer | fox! ee). Yelhiiey fe. le: a ssp. nemorosus Schmalh. = var. nemorosus auct. . . A var. polypetalus Ovcz. . f. volgensis Ovecz. rely awaits Kit. polyrhizos Kom: 3 :\) | «4 chee polyrhizus Steph... ........ . var. major Maxim. . . . Popovii Ovez. . .. .- ASN, een propinquus)@. As Mi) 3) era, oe propinguus Korsh.......... ey) Perens et! te) iokde: piel hentia Pag. pseudobulbosus Schur ....... 450 pseudocassubicus Christ. . ...-. . 379 pseudoflaccidus Petunn.. . . ... . 343 pseudohirculus Schrenk. . .... . 375 sy var. caespitosus Ovez.. 375 puberalus W. Kochy \:7.0 9692 OMS. 378 pulchellus:'C. A. Ma. i) 7 7a ee 374 FS f. hirsutus Litw.. 9. . = 374 ‘A var. longicaulis Trautv.. 375 * var. Pseudo - hirculus Trautv. 375 a var. tridentata O. Fedtsch. 376 pulsatillifolius Litw;, =. = = =e 488 Parshii dbs &, 2 ee ee 354 pusillusLdb! «= «.. % & 0 eee 354 joanne Wiallld, 5 6 6 4 ooo 4 « 404 Raddeanus.auct".. >. 7 12° ee 430 Raddeanus:Reli # .772) 09." eee 420 aM ssp. Sommieri N. Busch . 419 - ssp. sublejocarpus Somm. et Lev. 419 radieans' C. As Mie." 3 sse2 eee ee 356 recurvatus Poin. <->) atta) oe ements 524 europaeus Lo. 2 8) os... 0/ 1+ pea aie mucronatum db.) |). - jhe 524 Ledebouri,Rehb, .... s « = sie ueeee nignicansiDGiyats (5s! 20/5 vere ene 527 a var. macropetalus Rgl. . . nigricans Jacqs) fale) 3) 2 )syie) elena 527 patulus Salish;..\ 2) =. «sles oligospermum Fisch. . ...... | 523 » var. tenuisectus N. Busch pauciflorum Steph... ....... 526 patulus Ldbs.))%< 0 ses ee petaloideum Ve oo))6 ei) oc ane te 518 » var. sibiricus Rgl. et Til... . podolicum Lecoyer. ........ 525 Riederianus Fisch. et Mey. .... . pubescens CoA. Moi oy: jsdbeugt Bue ys 520 sibiricus (Rgl. et Til.) N. Schipez. . . rufinerve Lej. et Court... ..... 52/1.) -Someheticus C. Kochy. 4. ae sachalinense Lecoyer........ 514 uralensis Gorodk. |... 0.5. -\4- ed Sibimicumy Lai psupes «ss ee oe 520, 524 | Trautvetteria Fisch. et Mey...... . STOIBICUMULADs i) cris --« © auuer Page aien is 524 japonica Till.et Zuce. . ...... Simplexslec iow sadasueliie ies cue somes alee 526 palmata Fisch. et Mey... .. . auf sgumplex) ed bsaemia silent iolh i 526 “ Korshs. ssa! 26) Je. sparsiflorum Turcz.. . ....... 513 wu. Var.ga@ponica Eluth) ).) sone squarrosum Steph.......... 523)| Tripterium DC. sect.) =. <0) oie uaeeeeie Stamuneum Leo lene) ie vo)je) cee eee 518 | Tuberosa Ulbr. sect... ........ SEFICLUMUNGA DS. ola) esi 526 | Umbellata Drumm. et Hutch., sect. . . . Stylordermi ls: ailob ie osetia ome ks 520 | Viticella Prantl, sect. ....... BNE sultanabadense Stapf. ....... 518 | Xanthobatrachium Prantl, subsect. 5 Trautvetterianum Rgl. ....... 518 | Xanthobatrachium (Prantl) Ovez., sect. . trign mum Pischeis 6. '6! ie, ous ius) ie Se ok ls 523 | Xiphocoma (Stev.) Ovez. sect. . ... . drispermum) Fisch. . © 4 je! you chs 523 | Xiphocoma Stev.........-. 351, triternatum Rupre: |ie0 i) li) ell ia allie 317 atropatana Stev. . = -) cy) ene tuberiferum Maxim. ........ 515 dasycarpa Stev.. .- «- =) eure DIDERUMUM I ANGEZ. - 10/1) evens taeie 524 orientalis) Steva sso <) lif = = A Nie ‘i LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI a a ae 5 ul Oo us J fe) al ow : Gig = : = a a O aa oO Ee 2 apo >All ais NOILNLILSNI S3SIYVUSIT LIBRARIES Zz - = rr © = = B Keare 5 2 =a 2 ras [= > = ay BE a Z 2 Z Be LIBRARIES INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI FP 4 ” SMITHSONIAN NVINOSHLIWS SMITHSONIAN NVINOSHILIWS SMITHSONIAN ee ” 4 LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI a < z (Oipex Si Sf = = 7) a <5 a Cc oe Cc oc = S, wo o ee Zi 3 = = a a : |_NOILALILSNI_NVINOSHUINS SSlYVdIT LIBRARIES ro) cot an o a ra a i as > D> ees - > = > = 2 = 2 INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLINS. 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INSTITUTION NOILMLILSNI NVINOSHLINS S3IYVUYGIT_LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN _ INSTITUTION, NOILMLIL 2 SA z = z — = uw la» PSs ati ap) acl cr _ ba = S ee ae PRL SS fr —_ 4 ty ym = = = jp — ce 3 GH ae < = < 3 = a = y pa ‘§ > 2 > ~ > J: = = ELLE = = Y = = = Oty | = - = e ss se m ee Z eee 2 mM — w = = a RIES, SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOLLMLILSNI_ NVINOSHLIWS, S31¥VU S17 LIBRARIES, SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILS s > 2 <<: SS ae ae z a3 a i — ~ = = = 4 z 4 i = \ 3 5 WO e ° a S NWS a 5 =: 7 =o = Re) 5 re) ms Oo a re) Ss 2 = Sp Ss 2 = =; = = = = Se $e 3 : or ae eS IZSNI_ NVINOSHLINS S31NVUGIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILMLILSNI_NVINOSHLINS S31 uVY a1] _LIBRART!| : a |. ae Nee EE 3 siete ieee a eee |, Se wae eS. SSS eee SS eee, ee. ee eee ee nee PE SS TE eS ee SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBRAR UT ii bet ot he foe 7 Flora of the U.S.S.R