Reel ae y ie y FLORA OF THE USSR Volume XXII Solanaceae and Scrophulariaceae FLORA OF THE USSR Initiated under the supervision and chief editorship of Academician V.L. Komarov VOLUME XXII Solanaceae and Scrophulariaceae Volume Editors B.K. SCHISCHKIN AND E.G. BOBROV General Scientific Editors Stanwyn G. Shetler Galina N. Fet Translated from Russian Smithsonian Institution Libraries Washington, D.C. 1997 SMIN B87-103 Flora SSSR, Tom. XXII Akademiya Nauk SSSR Publishers, Moscow-Leningrad, 1955 © 1997 Amerind Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi Translator: Kamal Bakaya Editor : V. Pandit Translated and published under an agreement with the Smithsonian Insti- tution Libraries, Washington, D.C., by Amerind Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., 66 Janpath, New Delhi 110001 Printed at Baba Barkha Nath Printers, New Delhi, India. INSTITUTUM BOTANICUM nomine V. L. KOMAROVII ACADEMIAE SCIENTIARUM URSS FLORA Gs BR ccsccs int (FLORA UNIONIS RERUMPUBLICARUM SOCIALISTICARUM SOVIETICARUM) EDITIO ACADEMIAE SCIENTIARUM URSS MOSQUA - 1955 - LENINGRAD V.L. KOMAROV BOTANICAL INSTITUTE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR Contributors A.G. Borissova, I.T. Vassilcezenko, A.I. Wvedensky, N.V. Vikulova, V.F. Golubkova, S.G. Gorschkova, L.I. Ivanina, L.A. Kuprianova, I.A. Linczevski, I.V. Novopokrovsky, A.I. Pojarkova, J.I. Prokhanov, M.N. Semenova, B.A. Fedtschenko, B.K. Schischkin and S.V. Juzepczuk SCIENTIFIC EDITOR’S PREFACE TO VOLUME XXII For practical reasons, I have concentrated my editorial review of this volume on the discussions and the habitat and distribution statements. These are the parts of the text where the specific rendering in English is most critical. Dr. Fet also has reviewed the entire volume and paid particular attention to the geographic and place-name terminology in the distribution statements following the morphological descriptions. We are confident of the general accuracy of the translation but also recognize that there will be imperfections. STANWYN G. SHETLER June 1996 Curator of Botany Emeritus National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution Washington, DC 20560 Assisted by Galina N. Fet Huntington, West Virginia 25701 ae “ADEMY OF 3 ‘ANces PR aR ap Maa poten pis nae oneret ' ail ti weoivet ee qn deol Wal I phasor -2raeemestee “noitudiaeibs te intidad ot ‘bow ancinaissell oat bisicy hes seal suites ey Hivelye ger cele. my 30 Ve oF) fi yvgcloninnte) arvenvonelg bre airlyRIgooR oi} ai aoitaaite 1 26 Ww Rian apiromaener ie eo eInoersiche cot ‘PEsTaHe .D MY wyare biiyvans sll {o std ; Po eae crema Varatp) Yo mescalh lenin ps cary Ave SM Nios | svat v\ easiivceal hawe- . Nae me a) GAAHS td yh RANEY mee) Aly) EROS, N bs Nikeali ur Se mie, SC ts here. 4 ivissiny he’ RA. bears IA 4 ay Soleietie qelkiviwky, Al, Pojurkovm, i, Frobh LBNES wag 2A ARONA, H.R. Sebixe bi ane $y, fore ’ PREFACE The twenty-second volume contains descriptions of the representatives of the families Solanaceae and Scrophulariaceae. The former includes 45 numbered and 21 unnumbered species, while the latter includes 602 with numbers and only six without. As in the preceding volumes, in the course of studying the. material, nearly ten percent of the species have proved to be new. Given the large size of this volume, the description, in Latin, of the majority of the new species is given in Vol. XVII of Botanicheskie mate- rially Gerbariya Botanicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR (Botanical Materials of the Herbarium of the Botanical Institute Akad. Nauk USSR), which will be published this year. The family Solanaceae, with the exception of the genera Lycopersicon, Mandragora, Scopolia, and Physochlaina, has been treated by A.I. Po- jarkova. | The large family Scrophulariaceae has been treated by twelve au- thors. The following genera were found to be the most species-rich: Verbascum (B.A. Fedtschenko), Scrophularia (S.G. Gorschkova), Linaria (L.A. Kuprianova), Veronica.(A.G. Borissova), Euphrasia (S.V. Juzepczuk), and Pedicularis (A.I. Vvedensky). _ This volume provides brief information on the potato, tomato, pepper, and other economically very important plants of the family Solanaceae. Some representative of both families are weeds harmful to field and vegetable crops. Editors ‘- * ive ar r re | ae : we) va i ae a im bi a” ie oe PY) a 3 La want” omega sin anc be oe Cb sebstont, roxio) off scsonimaladyo? bas sgoonnslo’ zoilinn ¢ Sor ane a eer uiraignn of yriybur: Yo sewoa oat iti a wor od of bovorpoved estseqe orlt To. Inaarog mat sd ¥0 aite.| ai. atobqirsesb oh ssmutoy tid Yo axle ogc oldest ae Pe saehar yan pada ANG gents sale Jeno ot HUE Aan imsbahh, statin) ogodeadsinatod avian oe J due beads cnsiten! lxciges08 oft Yo etusiwdsoHl ot tp slaiveianie ‘eine til adele 9d Mier oiddwe Woniaqeul avansy at lo noitqoaxe oct Aliw grat ewe": i er OF LA vd nears noad zed oninlivouglt bas piloqune x i a adit Aten shes dnd. alee lihence aia “Wsi-eaisoqe jeom ont od of bagdl stow etadog gaiwolled sdf aioe ‘unk (weobiond 02) saber (elmo? A) aa PORN YA) Seerenenee daneeren® DA) woimenW (ay AD = plansbov¥ 1A) b ial 35907 .olaasick:,otaiteg 00 wo onidemmachal oled esbivoyy ecasliay ) i cscs gianna vaahe baecant aa: baa bio ot KsBmenedl shoow ove satin diod to'eriaiononpn Sanoe ¥ Ren iedlueaes: bey ermotiba Ca ; w ve S i , rh . > & - | ae ' 5 - _ 4 coal - oe Sc ie dk Lay eae i a aban CONTENTS Page No. SCIENTIFIC EDITOR’S PREFACE TO VOLUME XXII ...... Vii PREBACE (3.65. of son ote ee PO oe TR... 1X SYSTEMATIC INDEX OF SPECIES OF THE TWENTY- SECOND VOLUME OF “FLORA OF THE USSR” ........... XV CONTRIBUTORS CUR 6 iris Secercisareed eth SE PS XXX1X FAMILY CXL SOLANACEAE PERS. lois cec ec i sce onieieepic 1 bribe WeeSolaneae SCHIEC Is 152 storeys cain se seo cisin speieieiensjere 3 Subtribe 1 (Solanimede Dimes yoo 5.5 2)5 osc gsrspaieittere epi sues 3 GenusslS09. Solari Ver ae. ease scare pean cial wi olas iclekeges ease 3 Subgenus 1 Eusolanum (Bitters -)0 3.025 eset eee ae 7 Subgenus II. Leptostemonum Dun. .................0+065 33 Genus 1310: Lycopersicon Mill... 22 5.2 3sne cnt es eee <2 36 Subgenus I. Eriopersicon C.H. Mull. ...............-... 38 Subgenus II. Eulycopersicon C.H. Mull. ...............-. 40 Subtribe, 2) Sarachinae Bach 22 22): ers ere epe)-lo meine sie 50 Genuselaiil. Capsierrii lege arse perce tie et eesti poeonia ts 50 Subtribe 3; Margaranthinae: Bachnil <.): 00 3-e< 5 -ee- 53 Genus 1312. Physaliastrum Makino ..... 0.2 <2): s000---- 54 Subtribe, 4. Physalidinae Baehnt <...2 005... 6 2400 sane «> 5) Genus ISS eR iy Salis Wiss jac chelvieiasosige lea Scere Qajmepsinee oats 5 Tribe 2 Atropeae RCs oc operas si ose esas coat ctop aie wi eeio ChelonedevBentn.) sais <5 cncese ccrrceia er oe pera 205 Genus 33 Scerophulaniailes rer erceerreceenererrecer 205 Genus 11332: Pentastemon W Uetit.. .s2.0.220- +40 nasa oe ee 274 dnibe 3. Gratioleae: Wettsts secs see. eee Shisge eecaare cise 2S Gens 1333 Vass We serxcioe ine ws rari sarees cise eee sere 275 Genus 13345 Mazus Wwour eaenc. occas oneithos neu mancogacrecs 280 Genus 1335: DOdartiay essa eecsc cession daeieues sone 283 Genus 1336: Dopatrium Hamile, 722. fe... ccciene wesnns lee 284 Genus. 1937. Granola To etsiae ae sert a oagsyocins Men siawio eames 285 Genus338. Bunosella te. «ccs pax setracie Garin sealer cence 288 Genus. 1339Vandellia’ Va. cis xe ssecoss dae seacss os area 290 Genus 340) indernia ven eccceicscce sono cree ee ceee 291 Subfamily 3. Rhinanthnoideae Wettst. ..................00e0ee 292 Tribe: li. Veroniceae Bente atc. caccancotenen renee 292 Genus [340 VeronrGa Me certs. ovenssc tere pion Meee eee 293 xill Subgenus I. Veronicella (Fourr.) Boriss. ..............004- 315 Subgenus II. Paederotella (Wulff) Boriss. ................ 433 Subgenus JI. Veronicastrum (Heister) Boriss. ............ 435 Genusel342. Lagotisy Gaertins cic. sins) s:6.<:09:070 : . APP See eee 9 HASAN) Mle gS KICSCTUECKIE CoAUNI: See ODDS DS Siemens asinaseige sages 9 De SSCPICNNODUMIID EE. sie eeie oom ccc nat che see eike ss ects siete 10 GiSeGUICGINGTAMNE ieee cepa od delan ae See: re 11 AES OVALE RAAD Ss wei hose e ace han me See ORE ee: 14 5:8. marinum (Bab:) Pojatky |<. o.esxieo..00 5208 seeker ck a ee 14 6.8. depilaium Kitagawa: .......:...¢atepa- sania A. 15 7. S. pseudopersicum Pojatk. ........00.0.0.00ceceeeeeeseeeeees 16 eS! PETSICINI NWN: 2005 2) sia to. ue I a aa a St 17 DearS mesacanpum KO: | oo. eis ot US ciate es gv: Relais ae ae 18 12550) lS: asiae-mediae Pojatke (2. ee add ood hee ee ee 19 Section 3: Morelia (uns) Bitter 2 2... 6. esc Fh Sac see eee 20 UMN SUOMI es cele date: ayia a taimern aot ca uenat Cama Nie 20 — S. chlorocarpum (Spenn.) Tausch. ............0nes0c8sseeees 2, eae SEALED ONS ELIMI io suchoactn/ acetate icra ako Stel dsc Ree eat a ane 22 2S decipiens Opie tect ore eens: cette od wee oe 2S Nea SSMUGAICUTIU ID ESSS eres tai hh ere ence eal ease ells a 24 Ae oS: ATOMS CAUCASICUM POJATKa 22. cciac acid csnccae cas eeigsaseet s 29 NSA SOL SUE Cano. tae Mees so ke Seca saan siniete Gee el eral 30 * Reproduced from the Russian original. Page numbers of the Russian original appear in the left-hand margin in the text—Translator XV1 L6s.S. zeleneizkivPojank: ix..ce onus: ieee ee ere ee here == 8: alatum Moench nung eon accent eee ye ors eee 1V7.S! WoronowitsPOjatke, occiacaes cle acs oe ane eee eee LSS: pseudo flav iimie RO Atego nye ee ee eee == 9. Jaren Min ee cae ero clack roche ee ere Sea ee Subgenus II. Leptostemonum Dun. Section 1. Melongena Dun. Ss MCLONSONGNE,, ses Sata Ree ee ae Nee ROIS Heat eS Section 2. Androceras Bitter 5. rostratum Dus, 34.2.6 stn ee sie nne oe e Genus 1310. Lycopersicon Mill. Subgenus I. Eriopersicon C. H. Mull. —=h. peruvianum (L:) Mull... 3.500%. page -teeete ceteoosell Subgenus II. Eulycopersicon C. H. Mull. —L. pimpinellifolium (Susl.) Mill... 5... weepsst ae set wes ea ated ——L shumboldti (Willd) Dune 2 a5: 4260. eee oe Pe — ES escilentunt Mince ct ais sae Se ver nce ee ee Subtribe 2. Sarachinae Baehni Genus 1311. Capsicum L. SO. Grint Lies op oioee cas caees eens noes. OO LAY. Subtribe 3. Margaranthinae Baehni Genus 1312. Physaliastrum Makino IP. ‘echinatum (Yatabe) Makanor*2*47 898202. seee ee eee Subtribe 4. Physalidinae Baehni Genus 1313. Physalis L. Section 1. Megista (Fourr.) Rydb. 12560" ‘LWPs alkekengi, rss 25k oe Ree nena net ho 2k se AS he rte ee 2. P. glabripes Pojark. ...........00.0es0e000: ARIE) MOINS | SPS DIaclenmissaROjanks™ seen ee ee et eee nee sogonbasoooss Section 2. Euphysalis Rydb. 1 EXO CORDGU BIOL mre eae Lk treat orale fin ae iene’ all aaeaeg teotd te =P FP DUDES CONS Me cirePy at eae be neper tec) museca tac cee —P. peruviana Vi Si ss-.6- Citar: dud Bias! tes eae Rare GEE Foe Tribe 2. Atropeae Rchb. 12570 12580 Subtribe 1. Atropinae Dun. Genus 1314. Atropa L. RA Vb cllGdOnRGHE. WA. Bes i cinisensesiidsiioca oh conde DEVAS COUGGSICOABTECY Clie PF cies siecteiinss inne Qed tok Ss Avkomarovi Blins and Shall 35. cciccsiggec cist sccee Genus 1315. Mandragora L. IVE urcomanica MIZE. 00... 0. sacue ooo s Genus 1316. Lycium L. Nes fircomanicum LUICZ.. 25455520002 siee cee De TULRENICUI MINIT... ...c06 35.2 ce oe ate sae cnc eee 3. E. flexicaule Pojark.... <2. yysinsison-ee » ioteeeed =i PAT DOTuIM Vs. cisiccsc)icinas awa sutonse pee 4. 1. dasystemum Pojatk... ... «- =... + aseen pets 5. L. kopetdaghi Pojatk. oc. ocetsgl: asadsernnte: Subtribe 2. Hyoscyaminae Dun. Genus 1317. Hyoscyamus L. Section 1. Euhyoscyamus Wettst. MET CTIC UII Wie Bh nia rs tai laa Sis a arses nace . H. camerarii Fisch. and Mey. ................... GH. KOpetdaght POjAtKe si... s sce sinsee asus ee mH. turcomanicus POjatk., | .2sc5s0042-04s0e. 55-2 . H. bohemicus F. W. Schmidt ................... eH albus 1: . 56a: sy a dae ge ter eA EAR 1 2 3 4 DM MI OCT EOLA Ke es aN ie is va islalna a aadatiers 6 7 Sell pustllus Ma. 8 acer cecck wessacien ease saseens ee Genus 1318. Scopolia Jacq. Section 1. Euscopolia Wettst. MS. -Carniolica. lacquer Ase iio scce votes 2 oe oe oe ee Genus 1319. Physochlaina G. Don. le P> orientalis (M.B).G. DON: «23.22.05 2.025200 ms 2: P-physaloides (lus) Gs Wom feeb oye oe oes 2 = aie Se 7 SCMENOWURGL: Co Matai scieies seo vive Seta oes coe Tribe 3. Nicotianeae G. Don. Subtribe 1. Nicotianinae Dun. Genus 1320. Nicotiana L. XVil {p2 qe 74 1p 78 80 81 82 84 85 88 90 a2 92 93 95 96 98 100 104 104 105 12590 12600 XVIil INE paloareniii lun ceoccuccesserceacuvcccot SN SistiCGale eee. 3 aa Ae Tribe 4. Datureae Wettst. Subtribe 1. Daturinae G. Don. Genus 1321. Datura L. LDP stramionidny este eee seas DS Dati eee ce ett 3.8 cok te ave =P) CTE Nae tasting: einen oleh rusia ==) innmoxiaaViillyses Bisteee 6. once Tribe 5. Nicandreae Wettst. Genus 1322. Nicandra Adans. —wN. physaloides (L.) Gaertn. ......... Family. CXLII. Scrophulariaceae Lindl. Subfamily 1. Pseudosolanoideae Wettst. Tribe 1. Verbasceae Benth. Genus 1323. Verbascum L. Section 1. Fasciculata Murb. Oo ANA NH FW NY LO: Viespectosum’ Schrader ta... - 3 Ve PRIGHIOIM CS Meg a es sles ors noe? WY. georsicum, Benth, 2252 6cadasacas > PY. sessilifiorum Muth. .ea.sseo02498- OV. thapsijonme SChtad)..ss..s254s49%5 PV. SHADSUS NG. ce + cde v0 anode neh Aho WV. glometatum BOSS, 32 nc.nanesaane: AV. DACAAR EES 34.20 oa: /V. songoricum Schrenk ...).....-... »Veibanaticum ROCK bio. 22.5. ss. 5+. i ? i ) 2 ee i eC Ce cD ed LiwV. megaphiomos (Boiss. and Held.) Hal ....... - cnet queen: 12. V. cheiranthifolium Boiss. ......... 13. VV. pinnatifidum Valle... .c06-eee 4. V, Graviense NVUliilins es. .rcla soccer /e ee 15. V. stachydiforme Boiss. and Buhse 16. V. turkestanicum Franch ........... IT. V. gnaphalodes NEB. @senos6 ecm: 18. V. eriorhabdon BOSS)” sco-nec4--2-% U9. Vi lvehnitis) We pee eee ee aa CC Cc Ce Cd eee eee we we ee ee ee ewe ee eee ee CC CC eC 106 108 109 111 Laid 114 116 123 124 125 126 128 131 132 133 134 135 135 136 137 138 139 140 140 141 142 12610 12620 12630 20: Votircomanicum Morb 005000... 0... eae eee erat OV. tsa ee OYE oe. se RE Ge eet = ES 22. AV. Seassy pinurn NBT hc nisi leo ole oe aes emcee geheaes 23 V. "*hajastanicum BordZ.) V0.0. ss ds ee ae ang ep 24. varians Freyn and Sint. 2.0. 5). ees ts ae se apes BOE WV, PERUMOSTUU NV ULL sooo sles ec cic rice 2 ecm shee + oelelo Geleraiclaesloutas DG OTICHIGIC RD ere ne sc cin bie wets 6 o> eines Sh asi mature erg mee DU Ve NONMUBT EN ATS ANG SAV... . o.- vc 5 hans ws jercieiee be ojeutereleierne are seni 6 DOS AGIA he Cadre apRMEHE RARE Bbc o conor. anevisrSOPSHRORD nig 29. Vi wilheunsiannne CO ROCH ii. ioeee as vee se wleese sme esis BOMV. SZOVIESIANUTN BOISS:: =4.668RR AEG seen e se re» Bilt V. Cedreti Bosses 62445450. 44 SSAC SEANCES See ee eet ae Ba) V. erivanicum: WUllly 2404 Seek AEA ARR AER ene cores ei el 33. V. paniculatum Wulff .......:..02-00e eee cece eee eee eee 34. V. transcaucasicum Wulff ........... Leo ER, BO 35. V. alpigenum C. Koch ............0cee cece eee e eee ee tenn ees Section 2. Singuliflora Murb. BG. Vs Ovaliyolum DON. s 20: os. ec eeeeseeceee = 0 a3, otaie v.nini vi clareldbeiweniegamnis DeAC f RELCTO PMY WA TOCSESY oo. ccosbioys,osepcisues acosesnsecaescdjeies shel eleyapnh ase oiginieh = ZAC. RUGICGUIISICWV YGI) PB FEGtSCH. |. .).)5)./0.6 von sic eo ne nen: Oe aaa ARATE Y SUVCOTOWIGIEG WEY INOGI 2. ote.5)50> sa sno ncovernicsnye Sustoneyo i nretatiagowrergsreress Genus 1325. Staurophragma Fisch. and Mey. 1-2S: natolrcum Pisce ang Mey.) 020.00... .- pores of sAsaralnce Subfamily 2. Antirrhinoideae Wettst. X1X 143 144 145 145 146 147 147 148 149 150 151 52 152 153 154 154 156 157 161 162 162 162 163 164 167 168 170 Lit IgA 172 gs 174 12640 12650 12660 XX Tribe 1. Antirrhineae Duby Genus 1326. Cymbalaria Medic. PeCe murals GIN SC eee ee oc ee eee Genus 1327. Kickxia Dum. JK. sper: (Vs) NUnit srr ete hoo ois ae ae ge 2K: elatine (er. Duine ares Sere aan Ae ee eee 3. K. caucasiea (Mussin) Kuprian. 52050222520 g2e5. obec ee Genus 1328. Linaria Mill. Section 1. Speciosae (Benth.) Wettst. NAA Nf WN = sL. grandiflora DESE. «23. 6:02:00 4 «oc « no ES ERE BIL. Zangezura GTOSSA, seo 5p 5 eee poser ot ce cols >Re BeOS HL. genistifolia (L.) Mill, . 5.00. 02c2.2 5.2.55. RE eee iE. pontica Kuptiatt. | 2.) 68S es t. SE seen: Wl. sabulosa Creme 2 YHOO ee :... . RE carchenoeeeeeen WE euxina’ Velen: LN sao acc5 0 0:0) njeje eric? I 2 MIMSY SPiTENnstS CROC i )e.6 soe ooe.e Sass + eee eee eee Tes «3 Section 2. Grandes (Benth.) Wettst. Stil: lenkoranica Kuprian. 3.200000 362.2 a EB eee 9.L. kopetdaghensis Kuprian: .-:.°:...--.:.--- See: ot eee 10. 11. Ie 135 14. iI5)3 16. 3 18 19% 20. 21. Toph . kurdica Boiss. and Hoh: .22552455502.)5.5.5. Se06 8 eee . ineolata Boiss.” oo. ee EE eee buriatica Vurezs 33a SE eee biebersteinit BESS. 622.505 320 000000022 ee ee STrutheniea Blonski’ 2.5.20 a a eee , schelkovnikovir Schischk) 2.00) 00 eee vulgaris Mile chee ie ee od ons Hise t eae ak PRR SEO L L L L. L L L. L: acutiloba Fisch. -........ saeeokt ed Bue eee eee wE: L. IL IE E L. L. Te a melampyroides *Kuprian. foo. ecccioo-500 002 8 eee ee POPOUIMRUDTIANS orets 2 2001 ink ek ede ey tk ane SeSSUISMISUpAaNe 2262 7 NOL US hs GASES te eee KOKGNIGG ROE a rch Shee oe te teas a pee panel aegis sia kulabensis Ba Fedtsch: 2.220 on: 0 toca see ome ee HEPAUCA SES sarees Seon Sine Sse uns oe ce esr Peer bungerRuprians vs ie0c. 3. 2 ee reat eon enclose transiliensis Koupriane* eee eee eee ae ee eeee ramosa (Kar. and Kir.) Kupriant?3' Series oo. 7s) 176 177 178 187 188 188 189 190 190 193 194 194 195 195 197 197 197 198 201 202 202 203 204 204 205 205 206 206 207 12670 12680 12690 Bile 28. 29. 30. ak 32; 53. 34. 35, 36. Silo 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. Section 3. Versicolores (Benth.) Wettst. a3. se. dehalepensts. (Me) aM iy. copies cps yy ea aoe ae BA sa CAR BIL NCL ITECRLLCEC ERR VAN 50s hoch aoe pac koye eae ae ee sy lhe COTACH SES 1M) TUMIIN G95 5505 a sfepes esses sy ssesiad & ees Ee ree 26 JL Fbipartitan(Nent..) WAG a ieioccs 5 ene gel nene eae nin loo aeeaes AG], PE LC OTM OMAMDESE .j.sos spencers ncaa oe cheeses One ASL smonspessuiana(l.) Mille, o3 ars.) as cac eee eee: Section 4. Diffusae Benth. AO ML EEK (Le) DESie thsi. cases mea oder es tases aa pee ee ei: SOL. JAPONICA NUIG.. SONS Shi 7 5024 See ret ween ss Nestea ieee: » GULGICOTASCD os. sisbecciensi9.-.215 AE 4 DO. Se =» AOWENGCAT PA MNOK. sss 0)sioiecsi nies nnaseinat 3d S Odor ON (NUS, EISEN ooo co ccitic nde ncn comely ice tae Se ay GT CISAIIOKANMN ? ooo Segoe ches batts caeasonee oe aee « loeselurSchweien 3. Badsete.« 0. ccse uate eet A aes NDTACHY GET asn(BCEs) MRUPTAN ye veyesidi egos cuss «rotecs e cle ee idolichaceras KUpnian.. 2.02... dhe 8s once nse seep MUCDIOCCIASIRUPTIAN oc. ac ccc lh se sin eapes nine eee remo: DC GICCIICTAMRUIDTIAN | 8 oi ae ich ahaa ee ee cia se SHALCH AP RUP MAME «2:01: (oeu Ge sis tense ee ce Sete SIMCVCREACUDILAM 0's 55,5. 5..c.o2 esta anee Ae pea eines debilis IKupiiany e205) 5 ian an sc are eave sees + > «AYER REE Za age S: ezernjakowskiana B. Fedtsch....... ..... 0+ . Rats epedrpiage 281 ADS: Inte giifOlAsP an socio. iss notin sees oe bons Pye 282 A3.S. TUL ONG OISS: tye. s2 aes dinie eicisio sie diwisie « Ape aphoperetegaey Me 285 Ata SOLS MeNGEOSS Mpa Sse ogre ee niece wien woos + Habe ee rea 286 AS 2S: nnemiacd BOldZn «2 dccmcce sis dapdcas os ee eena se Leb or 286 AG -0S: FOSLALD BOISS9 oon oo oic asso cleo) s 9 oid hE oe MR ee aa 287 WS Ss TUDTCCHUN BOISS 2 eT inns ong v eciste’s = ss i eae ae ite Sioa Se 288 A Ss OLY BTEC SEOISSe acc fb tise aja Seen sera ons winks Aor le ae eae 288 A ONS CXS MOD pee 8 one cbt) sla nce See eNO eRe eee - 289 S505S. erossheimiu B.. Schischke « «02.446 0520245 252th ose aee ee 290 SIL 'S. xanthoglossa BOIS. ox. j222225232428022. Ae ee 291 52S. striaia BOSS: 0.24.0: 6. .os4e..sasa++..d MA gO, Binh oe De), 53.5. decipiens Boiss: and Kotschy 22.2.2. 2.0 NE ER tee 292 5435. fedtschenkor Gorschk. 2.3... ss ga 03-4 ang) sae 293 3929. zaraysehanica Gorschk. ...-... cqfec3d- 6 coy 3 eee 293 56. .S. pamiro-alaica Gorschk. ...... 260.066 52s doses aramid 294 SieaS: POMESCHONOVIE. GOUSE NK ee aco.sic)Ssiern oe eras cel here 295 OSS VILE LELG LILIES; (MIMI GZ. reo es ac es Sy Rosso ait sc sO oes dls ce Resto 295 12770 12780 XX Se). 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. dide (PE 73 74 1V ANNHRNHAANRNANANANAUAN . haematantha Boiss. and Heldr. .....................0000% S lencoclada BECWOAR. cine. nancsnmnn en hien ith ee ee eee OCPeACEO-FISCH «on nc4505e 00 254 oe eee RA SA Een eee ee “Canescens BONG: ) vs.cckecevesass4sese cess ce Oa . ZuvandiCarGtosshwesset.ce: «SORES... 4. De _ pruinosa: BOISS..45. 32-0. eyed RI). UO 8 wdissectas(Be edtsch.)) Gorschke 32.2...5- 08...) see GOMER sok SE eee a ee RE eee rp VATLCBGLGUNILD Hes og. od Roitioss< ietgelaylnct. i eee eae . thesioides Boiss. and Bulise ..........+- secaaeee sarees , Cunmcomantcay OMNM gy... 4-2/4 eee eee wezpandaghit Be FedtsCh. o.c5.0:6 5. cies 2 os oe EE Kabadianensis B. Fedtsche i.4.00.. ec.00 5-5) 5 See eee S. 55: iS: sangtodensis B. Fedtsch. <2 .......0.... + ysS4u--ce ok sasha kirtloviana: SCMSCHKs ois. 35. 06:08:05 nie SRE Oe ee INGISA” WEIR. sec oir cena kita dec hiro oe =< SEE See Genus 1332. Pentastemon L’ Hérit IMP: frutescens Lamb. cctoce conte cscidoneshs oP oe. ee Tribe 3. Cratioleae Wettst. Genus 1333. Mimulus Section 1. Eumimulus Gray Ie Vinirin' cen smlutemtis. Steet ovens vei oem oes otions eae om esrenae Section 2. Simiolus Greene DiM SOUT QtUES DOI oo 0. hs Sets oa. 8ie ieee. +a ss scape See eg 35M pilostuSCulUSAELIBEKG. «sia oacie seis te ois otcrts stone + ete ee conan Section 3. Paradanthus Grant. ASIM .tenellus BSE. ici) oo oc ee cc cure necse eee ae eae 5. M. stolonifer Novopokr. ...........-.--++0+5 eaiiett. aerbsodte 6M. moschatus Dougli-Lindl. (1.2 .24220.5..1354..<0 eee eee Genus 1334. Mazus Lour. 1. M. Japonicus Chhinb:.)Oy izes sterntcter eee tenet eters ss 22M. stachydifolius (Vurcz,) Maxims ©::22.2030:--)--22.0 0 Genus 1335. Dodartia L. LD o7tentalisihs® een ns ae ES ee Genus 1336. Dopatrium Hamilt. 296 297 297 298 299 300 300 301 302 303 304 304 305 306 306 307 309 312 312 313 314 314 315 316 317 319 12790 1. D. junceum (Roxb.) Hamilt. ........... 2025+. sees eee eee eee Genus 1337. Gratiola L. LNG voppicinalis Wa N.eee rot eee eee eee ceo eee ennai 2..G. japonica Mig. .........-.0- 2222 eee cee n eee e ee ee nee nce eens Genus 1338. Limosella L. 12800 12810 1. L. aquatica L. evicl ©1 1s) 00 6) clelle) =| © we,» 0) 0e\c 0) © 0 « 0 e696) 6.8» \s, eie) (0 ee, 6s (0.0.6 e¥s) ele. Genus 1339. Vandelia L. DAA diffusa WOO Fo ccsecnserenssde2e shee wee woeee Genus 1340. Lindernia All. 1s pyxidaria@ Alls cieechetecn keene ee Subfamily 3. Rhinanthoideae Wettst. Tribe 1. Veroniceae Benth. Genus 1341. Veronica L. Subgenus I. Veronicella (Fourr.) Boriss. Section 1. Euveronica Griseb. 1. V. gentianoides Vahl. ..........--2 22: e eee e cece e eee cece eee DV. imeretica: Kem—Nath:, 5). Pema Bel. kemulariae-Kuthath:* -2.ceck sheen eee eee ee eee AV. charadzeae Kem:-Nathi.: 40.66 seein ene oe ERV, ‘SCHISTOSQPE POUSCIY) Fe ween eee tele foe se oe ncickictoreessicat RLV! THONTICOIA LEAUEV, © 12 CEALELOR RAE DULLES che cee tree tte BAY SChinidtana) Riel hyd 2) PEEL EE ERR sete ee seen ee oe eo 5 6 WEAV. SICIICTIsD all eh. GLEE ROME RRR GRR oh cemeteries 8 9 . V. serpyllifolia L. obi ke Aneeteced ei OS, RaaTOU 10. V. humifusa Dickson ....... IAAI HAS, ORO OM ere we V. riederiana Gandoven 1.206) -.-bn tenes ceed ee Section 2. Pseudolysimachia C. Koch VAUD PRT DIEM Gee ooebeaes bo oues scooter onsen sboumeendabee . V. septentrionalis Boriss. ..........----.-+----- iene cerns Va paChoyenisblewlten ss eeeen spe eee reek trio / V. olgensts KOM. ccc ence ee men cece een . V. subsessilis (Miq.) Carriere wcrc eee see eee eer eee eee ee oO ee ee PV RAGHUTICGs SENS ree eee eer eens ese aie Sonor em epee V4 GSCUJCATLCTOSHS UETAINGZ crs 20 atsinrs tare c aie/oi= nine helele 12m) -r= ogaalele ota . V. spuria L. XXV 320 322 323 324 326 328 356 358 358 361 362 362 363 364 365 366 367 367 369 369 370 371 372 375 376 12820 12830 12840 XX 20 Zl 22 23 24 25 26 vi *V. 'komarovu Monjuschko) 2222... See CO) ee AV HEC CTI TE: HERI OP es, peiste nace decree pp ke teva CES oh be llidifo lia Mn a sarsapstaes 24d avy sae terete nel lV thololeuea MWR a.) serene a ciietn tes Maeve cies oe EMV. ASPIUCATARE AMS ool oo checay vcecdlactorte kotor avons AuUhehs Saree ae [AV EDOT ply TIGNGMRANils 1 eyapeegencncce torent eee Ee = V. SERDAR: Beebe stylophoray Ni. POp: *tiieck bate ee th ker dette ENUISSUMGYBODISSE sot eee Peete eee ee ee SS SS SS SS SESS INTETCEOCNSM BOLI es 3.8 hE Nh Oe eh yt eee . V. cardiocarpa (Kar. and Kir.) Walpers ................. or mV. ite phyllos dU wats 5.Ghs Wktes io) a3 cian ha yes ce wee epeneoeee VV ipraee@iwAllie CY vena s Pile pi so ie yk Os eee lahat iy, Ve UNO CH ES EN as x Masa a ealakie ives Gaui Mone terra eee cosas as ETO SES Tih sara scala cay deel vale seles aieleite ea ie. re oye eee ane eae 1 Ve diya Meme: issn ance le 2 la A ele ke ae tg a 377 Sy 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 389 390 391 391 392 393 394 B95 B95) 396 396 397 397 398 a9 400 400 403 404 404 405 406 407 408 409 XXVIl 12850. SOMV VopaC@ ETNIES OAM Gig oixic.c-0icd aici, OMIM, BRE 410 SOUV nersicd, POiteareinn- Bais. «oes vce sae ote 8 A 411 Section 4. Diplophyllum (Lehm.) Boriss SAV A CUSTER = AAIVIAS UCN eheciyte erat ovoion shares Meese shed robe) ciosesn eo secen 5 2 413 Section 5. Megasperma (Lehm.) Boriss DORA HEUCTU OMAN ers sitet He ve clom pa eee cas eee 414 DOV Cy MOCIANIG BOG. 2..1. 5 iets 6 etath are seats se sry atecaein eta aoe Sake as 417 Section 6. Alsinebe Griseb. CGORVSGIVEMSIS Too 5 oak crow gene ngae angus Geo LED UON ae 418 GV Pere eTINnG Nee on oe sok De eea ne neato en Hawken ee 420 624, V. -dillenti CrantzZ) i655 Mes oe eccedt eitee ss. eee 420 GSSV. VEGAN ses cvo cde tec a eee Se ak ce na a Re ee 421 64. V. turkmenorum B. Fedtsch. ...... dociborl 1 Alene tieeigas 422 12860 GSRV. filiformis: SMU oo. oases. oso ea. 5 OR ER 423 663. V_ ceratocarpa CAM. ho. ooo. se cae sss BEER DO 424 GAAV. perpusilla BOISS. 2.25. 2.022 -.. 2.222 34-cd bh eee eee 425 GBNVe minima Co ROE ND) I, een LM oomcoeee 5 ¥ A26 GIRV Maciiifolia le) MON! ays 55 22. Jenarangrsesrn none aor RR EES Sore 429 Section 7. Chamaedrys Griseb. NORV, \CRAMACAIYS lex iasnaes ohare tt SSeS) SARE Ole NEC E en 430 We Ve melissifolias Deste( : t. se ns 2 REM IR DS, SOR ns Peeters 432 TOV | UMDTOSAINE BSS: ROVE IRI 5 AS NAMA Ss LERNER AT Mee teen se 432 ISeV. nigricans C. Koch) 2520 6 a0 sso 0as08te0 Ae eet FOES od 433 TAY © CUTTING 5 SIE os 5a. o beenesaeiet cd PARR 434 12870 faa V. dentata Schmidt Wo.2 2.0% 2.2.25. Cees » se aeolian 435 16a.Vs krylovit Schischkeests.. 4.2... 22... Beet eee 436 TT. V.. prostrata L. ....- Io ooo. Os BER ME A EEO MOIEDS oo. c i 8 esata = Soc 437 WS Vs QUSTTIAGCG: lexg rite as ae beach Aeneas 5 x5 iin es SRR 2 Petes 438 W's VV. ATCCUIODIG: WOIONS » 5 3)5.06.6 enn gg st end OE 439 80% V.;caucasica, MBs oo... ..30, «ete eeee Lea Ee 439 81. V. orientalis Mill. ........... waited on oARLEEE Eas NOY SS 440 82. V. taurica Willd. ..........-. See seat nd. asbintiues 443 834V.kuedica, Benth: ..65 002 eos. 203 sere _.dgbewee A ceepitay 443 84. V..denudata Alboff ...........: Ceuta was. el: Peele 444 12880 85. V. multifidaL. ......... ee eT ee serene 444 86. V. filifolia Lipsky ........... eee ess OS IHEN I 445 12890 12900 12910 XXVIII 87. V. czerniakowskiana Monjuschko .................0.05: tee 882. V. tripartita. BOUSS: «<3 25 eeo55 ¢sesyseees Aces ese oes aa 89. V. khorossanica’Czernjak. .<.2ahe-f.t ape ne eee 90; -V. OffiCinalts WOM nx scaae tees nceree ood daw 5 Pee a A ee OL. V. PalathiCaBOiss.o sins es ec gde nae Fades yh aes se eee 92. VV. Gphiylla ae, BAW... cece kann ce eaten sath a eke tee poe 93. V. baumegartemr Roem. and! Schult. -2).2.22285.222+200222258 O4.- V. igrandifiorasGaeins &: S222. cespumecntce ob ang paar aes nea ee 95: V,. Seutellanans tates a3 8 Pees ios wees Sesae eee ee eee nae 96. V. callitrichoides Kom. ....... sonete acct aneeenie ect, Sees OVPV. MONTANAMLIUA. O88 anes ces dns ase edeeeee7 Se Aes eee O8*V.. maximauMallS.: 205 Os aces tencnces cet ede ee ee QORV. minutanGsAeMe.. «<2 2ss4eed ser sbedh sees kees bees eae 1002 Vkopetdaghensis B. Fedtsch:+<:2:.-22 29-2 = ee eee ee Oi Ve telephiifolia: Vahl. asses: -ocss2ecssceogess Ae eee ee lO2V-.clabrifolia Borisss +: :2sec2575 250 25tedt et eee lO32V. pedunculanissM-Bs:.225¢shecessesaeds rset. See 104. V. petraea (M:B.) Stev. ................. apd PO oo ST 105. V. propingua Boriss. .............. Ser ethehed sh aR eee 106; Vabaranetzk@Bord2: «2 osc0.0 20. +22). SORA PEO 107. V. oltensis Woron. ............. detteeetiouades alae 108:°V.,microcarpa BOIS. ..0....22...<3e1ce2-+ +. ES BE ae LOO V. kGnMena BOISSiehe «oss sso ceeds yooees vee ee ee Pe Section 8. Beccabunga Griseb. MO! Vianagallis=aquanicd Liss. cnsccevssscccse seseeetec tee eee i)? Vi anagalloides Gussws..-s0iees20223is22 st ee 112. V. anagallidiformis Boreau ................ AEROS AfDe 113! Vilscardica GHsebWocnssarseasete ers tacstes edie th eee 114. V. poljensis Murbeck ........... Padep deans core koe eee TS? Vi"DeCCADUN GAMER se reese a cen ede edt ve si AOS RO 116. V. americana (Rafin:) Schweinitz ..................cee eee Vit. V.beceabungoides- Bom. .2ccessssscecserar.cntie eter 118. V. montioides Boiss. ....... ‘ponder eeddecdee teu Meee Lae im 119. V. bobrovit Nevski ....-..0- 000+. se8 eee cds os IDO! Vemichanxt Lam. yaaa qe asdoae setae Hes, SID ARE 121. V. lysimachioides BoOisS. »....050.0ssee0e5 ee e50% 5+ al, PRY 446 447 448 449 450 451 451 452 453 454 455 456 459 460 461 461 462 464 464 465 466 467 467 469 470 473 474 475 475 477 ‘AT8 478 479 479 480 12920 12930 12940 N22 V-OXVCATPG BOISS.. oes asl ss 2. A Ae. Dh see Section 9. Macrostemon Boriss ISP alpina. Ne eeoken 5 Boa biad icc. 5s vey ge ss oucs OE A WAR eV DCLlidiDIdeS. We on ak oe sicricc.c sce yS Moxke se ee eee ee oe Genus 1351. Phtheirospermum Bee. Role: ChINeNSe Boe. os a ea ROP ie 6 So avs ateiccwie t.acseecieae ee Genus 1352. Euphrasia L. Subgenus 1. Eu-Euphrasia (Wettst.) Section 1. Semicalcaratae Benth BIE NGXEMOWICZIE® NNCTESUS. clclet ane ojos vices ore «chee eet eee AOS SUIT ICH SUS i NU Ze, -2... se eee eee 30) E. micrantha RChO. 2.0553 3220p oon. oo SO Be 31. E. faeiga Pues, 3.563. os ies eae cee ee BORE (AINE NNCUSLy acne cian ened 3 ciate oa REO are SS pes cree ee 33" Eeorosshemii Nemv-Nathe, (1 on crcluocn ss ee shee ee seer S46) Ja, Grong iiillan ta bee gdaAoc esadedbccsnocBe sen audoopuesdees BOM NGIIGICAISCLO wec ccc ten hme eee ar ceria ca eee eee Bi Chew) Bagi (21/1100) lS | Dat ae ae eases rani eae In DASE Jeb) gts Ay IES oY Cie pscudomollisenZe ®t" SALE GER Oh ss Sono soe. setae SSE amblyodoniguuz seer... 2 note ke J oe ae ee ee 39r E-uzepezukiDemiSsOViae - 62. E. salisburgensis Funk ........... Genus 1353. Omphalothrix Maxim. LOR oneip esa laren st.9. 27.7% )8 MIAME SD nee ee sore ete cet egete eo sre eToere Genus 1354. Parentucellia Viv. lp ravatjola(e Carel. 25... 0. 25-1 DAR ENTE oy TER CBO SSE INIEAVS SUM ee eben oo csecbeoseobsouncccsas . Be Pa visco saa (ls) Cannell «ccs nahue ane aaier et ako amc Son aetones ee ee ee Cd ee Ce Ce Genus 1355. Orthantha (Benth.) Kern. LEO! tea (es WINE e cask cs occas bares Sak ee sage eae op 2 O! aucherim(Boisss) WEUSL. «25.25% cans gs esesces gto tos sees ct mes Genus 1356. Odontites Zinn iO-serotina (kam) DUM! 2G 2 a..5. decon «ore esos aug eater aaa DOMSARGINGON ee oe ee ee IOP Verna (BEN) WOUME acs co erste ein ag cece ees ope cies AP OM HORAUS EINES oes cse ciate ts ev s.s ine emegsrore pions oe ee ropes 5-0 eiutinosa (M-B.) Bemis o-.- ..ene cin pe ae eee Genus 1357. Bartsia L. DB alpina Was. Bic sss Teper as fe Genus 1358. Bellardia All. ABP rex ou (es ANE ea oie ois so. 0x'ore)cin o' ae oi See EN -eXbovner Genus 1359. Rhinanthus L. Section 1. Glabri (Soo) Vass. 1R:. montanus' Saut! 2 e.5 22.004 balicei.c li oe einen: 2. R. aestivalis (Zing.) Schischk. .... SWRMGFELACCUS NASSo ees nce 5 4. R. vernalis (Zing.) Schischk. ...... 5. R. ponticus (Stern.) Vass. ......... 6. R. pectinatus (Behrend.) Vass. .... 7. R. subulatus (Stern.) Soo ......... 8. R. songaricus (Stern.) B. Fedtsch. eeec ere eo oe eee eee eee oe eee oo eer e ee ecc es eee eee eee eee oO yee et ee ee eee ee eee ee eee eee eee ee eee oor er eee ee ee eee ee ee ee ee ee Se XXXlll 634 635 635 637 638 638 640 642 645 646 647 648 650 652 652 655 656 657 659 664 665 666 666 667 668 668 671 13060 13070 13080 XXXIV OR’. fer QANensiS: NASSIODS. 2 occ ns o's ones oe we oop Oe BE 10;,R. apterus:(Eties). Ostent., . «oo. .chooss ce oe yoeeey Sees Ll, RR. SAGHALINENSISENASS 2) vomcavareareidoclneleees iio 6 ee Section 2. Minores Stern. IQR: nigricans Niemsny. <-. ok ene eee cs ae R. ‘angustifolius: Gime): %7.).05 08.2, Be ee ee R: MINOr Ve? cos s he ee ee oe EE SEO eee LS Rrusteuias (habs Druce’’. So. eae oe ea. Sa R: groenlandicus (Ostent.);Chab. 7... 2 eet en uae ae Ral pins BAW Ge eee cas clei ee ee eee ee LS. Re-borealis (Stem) Once .a8. 40 na ee eee Section 3. Hirsuti (Sod) Vass. ED: RING OTN bas iis a act soles Se an ee, ae 20: RK) patulus (Stem:) Thell, and Schinz: .. 02. 2-2-2 5s-qs5.455 5. DW AI: (GOIGHUCTES NASS. «psi scustiac onesie eae ai eta eo cae 22. R. mediterraneus (Stern.) Adamovic ...............2..000005 Section 4. Schischkiniella Vass. DS IR-SCHISCRKULE ASS: 4 ...5 oud Sens Ueennanse te eee eee 741 45. P. uliginosa Bge. ........ ale ulic! stare tatresnnesnsoe Toa 2 ae eee 742 AGP. Strata Palas carrie rm cera eitacineca reise As sim aeiiee 743 A eek. Chater WWM Gio x oe eit astiec ate Nee a oieais nacho a a eae 744 AS oP: nordmanniana BEE. a... og5 ee sesh ee eS ee TES AQP... DIODOSCIACG SION «sere aieitis oiarunin soci eee ee EEE 745 S0eP. brachystachys Bee. secthes ocis ec naees ne 20 oe Re SORE . 746 Sl P MNEATNAIG Ns. os os oa aio soa Bo eee: Se a eee 747 S2eP COMPACIA SIEPWY sean eccice ose n in oo cee eee aA 748 13130 “334P., dasyshachys Schrenk i: 2522252 2835004 sahageeaccecen 749 S4 P+ PLYSOCAlIABEE. - OP ve Piet A Vick cs ate at Be cee 750 S5eP: Sonvarica Schenk «::.:s22c002 022 .e0keee te ee 753 SOmP. PUbiploraNvedirrn: ee steers esi oaSs 52 Nee Rane ae ee 754 SP ralatauicatStadlmask VO nes once do oy ht oe eer 755 Soa. mandshuricatMaxim: (oo oi on. eed aec ose es ae aoe 756 Sow: orandiseMMVROp. .. oan hace cate oo Seeee sce adage ee 756 60. P. dolichorrhiza Schrenk ................... eee eee 757 OlyPpissa MUCZy, . prt Coke AF eek os osc) eegoceeeeper 758 O2SP wlasiostachys BOC Ness: woe cise we vei oe e« bcs 2 ee eae 759 13140 G3.eP sflavasballepsp ve. Pete 3 oes seuss anes outece See ee 760 G4 oP) rubensyStepliws. § Radecnes es oven ecu es cers coe eee 760 65.P.. achilletfolia Steph... ceiaseicess so caouso os deeagett Meee dee 761 GaP! 1GlGSSICA NVEGE occ bean See onsen Rae etree 762 OleP. Kryloyit BOnati ss crie< eed) ass so acn yareese esa a Ae 762 6347. dubia B: hedtschy en cnce = ee odes (oe ee eee 763 69=P. kaujmarnnit PinZSer 2.0.05. 358 be ena Jo EA ee 764 WO P. ACMOdOIA BOISS tence oe nos aes ase deco: oes Ree 764 TEP: daghestanica IB OMA fe rare ett ote ee eee eee 765 72 P2 SIDINOMPUEBOISSS cnc teeta ce eee en eee ee 766 13150. 732 PA CRTOOETINCHA NVCOE RS crete see eee ee 767 PASPRSIDITICAIV WN Ce toes PAs re kioiesd «ors: 4ue tylese. aes etSielei eo fase renee 767 SP HURQLCMSISEN NCQ ile: d c/cea.c-aioie: seer is hace rs a epee eeeare Aaa 768 76. P. venusta Schangin BAU gs i dc ra Ne Rae 769 TTP. sChistostesia Nv ede ete son eens tan wee ee eee eer renee 770 13160 13170 13180 78. P. altaica Steph. ....... FIP. mariage Reale i... es. 80. P ile 12s GylMaita7 1le sescunece 82. P. adunca M.B. ....... Sole PalHustris eats. sae: BAe PKATOUETEY Mn eric. - 85. P. vlassoviana Stev. ... 86. P. hyperborea Vved. ... 87. P. pennellii Hulten .... Section 5. Anodon Bge. 88. P. willdenovii Vved. ... 89. P. pallasii Vved. ...... 90. P. dasyantha Hadac ... 91. P. adamsii Hulten ..... 92. P. langsdorffii Fisch. .. OSPR ORS NES aie v5 ee 94. P. oederi Vahl. ........ O50 P calberti Rel wesc 96. P. exaltata Bess. ....... 97. P. hacqueti Graf. ...... 98. P. condensata M.B. ... 99. P. atripurpurea Nordm. 100. P. pan’utinii E. Busch 101. P. balkharica E. Busch 102. P. wilhelmsiana Fisch. 103. P. capitata Adams Section 6. Sceptrum Bge. . schugnana B. Fedtsch. ........-.2++--.se eect ence ec eeeenees clloiaiiclieitelielelsleliutiel(elleleleleliss/=lelnlielelsiele) (sls) elehel isa ial) Sie © elie) © (elo) wie) se] 60») «| «0»! ¢ ©) 01) 00 (0/18) \*/6)\¢)5) ©) ©| \e/(e)\e)10) ECCECECECECECECECECECNCNONOSC CIT ECO —C CEC —ONCNC HCCC IC it iC iC Cats See CC CC ee FECECECECECECECHCECECEC NCCC ICC iS iii CCG eC a SECECECECECECECHCNCECNCECEC CNC Ci CNC CGC MC EC MC GC iS lata. FODUD ODD OR OCOOUD OOOO DO OCOD DO OOOGNKOOOOU DOD SC Ce ee GECECECECEOECHCECEONCEONCNOEC CEC NOE NC NCU NCRU EC EC MCN iC C6 it a iit scl wc eee we eee see eee eee sete ee ee oo ee ee ee eee ere cere eee eee eee eee ee ee oe ew oe we ee SECECECECECECECECECNCECNONCNC NC EC CnC mC NCE ONOMOEC ICN iC iCNC it Ci Cc. SECC EC RCC EC NC NCCC mC iC CNC a aCe, ee CECE EC CEC ECC ECE CCC Cn Cn CCN, tC e 6 ce © ee © so sve ce 06 0s « © © 6.0 60 se) © (» 6) 6) 0s) 00 eC ee 104. P. sceptrum-carolinum L. .........++ +2002 cere eee teen ee es Section 7. Diacmandra Bge. MOSM merandifiord Fischa 24-404. -2 20-92. 4 24c- eRe Pe, Genus 1362. Siphonostegia Benth. eS a ae ice IB Ine cedonuee see So mnee oon ae ae onan morice oct Genus 1363. Bungea C.A.M. 1. B. trifida (Vahl) C.A.M. BU ODD OOO OOOO D ODDO D DODD D OCU ODODE DOGD OO XXXVI 771 172 UZ jie 774 ie 776 776 Veil Vi 778 781 782 782 783 784 785 786 787 788 788 789 790 TEM 7 122 793 794 796 798 - XXXVIL DAB: vesiculiferax(Herds)Schisehky +5 5344453) 9355055 ee eee Genus 1364. Cymbaria L. VEC. GANWTICAME ee sess tags ein ata eee ores ee eae ee Genus 1365. Cymbochasma (Endl.) Klok. and Zoz L..C. borysthenica (Pall.) Klok. and Zoz. ..............-44seeea: Genus 1366. Lathraea L. 13188 IME psquamanialiig.s sj as> sna hanncstans 4:33. SRI vos 800 802 804 A Rw oN 10. te 12. 13}5 14. 15. 16. CONTRIBUTORS Family Solanaceae, excluding genera Lycopersicon, Mandragora, Scopolia and. Physochlaina Genus Lycopersicon Genus Mandragora . Genera Scopolia and Physochlaina Characteristics of Family Scrophulari- aceae, Table describing genera; and genera Nathaliella, Tozzia, Bellardia, Rhynchocoris, Bungea . Genera Verbascum and Celsia Genera Staurophragma, Scrophularia, Pentastemon, Dodartia, Dopatrium, Gratiola, Limosella, Vandellia, Lindernia, Rhamphicarpa, Castilleja, Melampyrum Genera. Cymbalaria, Kichkxia, Linaria, Antirrhinum, Chaenorrhinum Genera Mimulus, Lathrae Genera Mazus, Phthoirospermum Omphalothrix, Parentucellia, Ortantha, Odontites, Bartsia, Siphonostegia, Cymbaria, Cymbochaseme Genus Veronica Genus Lagotis Genera Spriostegia, Digitalis, Leptorhabdos Genus Euphrasia Genus Rhinanthus Genus Pedicularis : A. I. Pojarkova : J. I. Prokhanov : L.A. Linczevski : M.N. Semenova : B.K. Schischkin : B.A. Fedtschenko : S.C. Gorschkova : L.A. Kuprianova : LV. Novopokrovski : V.F. Golubkova : A.G. Borissova : N.V. Vikulova : LI. Ivanina : S.V. Juzepczuk : LT. Vassilczenko : A.I. Vvedensky xl Addenda XXI—Diagnoses plantarum novarum in tomo XXII Florae URSS Commemoratarum. Plates prepared by: L.N.Belianinova: I-III; Z.V. Kobyletskaja: IV, VII-XIII, XXVI, XXXIV-XXXIX; E.S. Gaskevich: V, VI, XXIV, XXXII, XXXIII; N.A..Moiseeva: XIV, XXIII, XXV; and N.N. Ko- robov; XX VII-XXXI. 1 Family CXLI. SOLANACEAE! PERS. Flowers usually bisexual, regular or slightly zygomorphic. Calyx wholly persistent with fruit or rarely only base persists, while upper part is circumscissile. Corolla 5-merous, variable in form, with regular or irregular limb; its lobes in bud valvate or imbricate, often plicate or twisted. Stamens included, alternating with corolla lobes; anther biloc- ular, introrse. Ovary bilocular, sometimes nuilocular, or 4—5(6)-locular, divided completely or partially by false septa; carpels placed obliquely to the floral axis; style simple, with entire or bilobed stigma; ovules one to numerous, axile placentation, anatropous or almost amphitropous; embryo circular, spiral, or straight, embedded in endosperm. Herbs, semishrubs, or shrubs, erect or climbing (in the tropics, also trees), with alternate or falsely opposite leaves. Flowers solitary or in cymose inflorescence both terminal and extra-axillary. The family includes nearly 80 genera and up to 3000 species, dis- tributed in temperate in tropical zones of the globe, especially in tropical America. The family Solanaceae includes many plants of great economic importance: used as food and for medicinal, industrial and decorative pur- poses as well as a large number of poisonous plants and weeds. KEY TO GENERA 1. Acaulescent perennial with rosette of very large (up to 80 cm long) LEAVES See eee ee ret ee 1315. Mandragora L. + Plant with well developed stem, leaves much smaller, largest rarely exceeding 20kcmrinvlensth se. nance ae at eee” ee 2p 2. Fruit generally succulent or dry leathery berry, sometimes irregu- laslyadehiscente wer net cent te Ae ee er reer erry Le) a. + Fruit capsule, dehiscence generally circumscissile (by operculum), KALE LY DYE VALVES? Saneeentn Renn ene cnt Se arctan ey, Sweetnam 10. 3. Calyx accrescent, enclosing ou) wholly or partially, leaving only ADCXGIECEH Merete, Rene acter eee nee tree eeeee 4, + Calyx not accrescent in fruit, if accrescent, not covering and re- mainine muchismallertham bemy .-..02.-5 0-002. 00 0-c eek ee occ 6. 1 Treatment by Al. Pojarkova, except for p.p. Lycopersicon, Mandragera, Scopolia and Physochlaina. 10(3). . Plants strongly armed with numerous acerose prickles covering stem, branches, leaves, and especially calyx; corolla somewhat zy- gomorphic; one of 5 stamens much longer than others ..... sen SGUAE Te, FOS bead hae RTT 1309. Solanum L. (Sec. Androceras). Plants unarmed, flowers regular .................... eee eee eee 4, . Calyx closely, but not wholly, covering berry, leaving the apex free; flowers in clusters of 1-3(5) .1312. Physaliastrum Makino. Calyx somewhat inflated in fruit, covering berry entirely, but usu- ally not closely; flowers solitary .................. eee e eee eee eee 5i . Calyx partite with lobes auricled at base, enlarging significantly in fruit and loosely covering berry; flowers bluish or dark bluish violet; ..2etlet .olheres Ai. eters. 6 1322. Nicandra Adans. Calyx lobes without auricles, tightly enclosing fruit at base, tube inflated; flowers whitish or yellow ............. 1313. Physalis L. . Armed bushes 1-2 m in height, mainly with numerous leafy or leafless spiny shoots and violet tubular infundibuliform flowers, solitary or in pairs in leaf axils, or in clusters of 2—6, along with leaviestiin..Laeert cele, .aNpOs) Se! EBLE S. 36 1316. Lycium L. Unarmed herbs or semishrubs (rarely with few prickles on ovary and branches), with campanulate or rotate corolla ............. PR . Herbs with solitary campanulate flowers ........ 1314. Atropa L. Semish.ubs or herbs with rotate or stellate flowers in bostryces (simple—umbellate, racemose, or compound—corymbose), rarely withysolitany, flowersw,..16P005 0088. 201 BR. DOR) Oh. oP ee 8. . Flowers solitary; berry long, many times longer than calyx, with thick compact walls and empty space separating placentae from Wallis sont Geet tees deees Meee tee ee near canteen 1311. Capsicum L. Flowers usually in bostryces, simple umbellate, racemose, or in compound corymbs; berry succulent, globose to long ellipsoidal or compressed globose; flowers 3-4 cm across if solitary; berry with thick pulp. os... gone dsews sd Pagal: oh eee PO mage . . Flowers yellow; anthers dehiscing by longitudinal slits; leaves deeply pinnatipantite 222-224.--+.-3--4.- 1310. Lycopersicon Mill. Flowers violet or white; anthers opening by apical pores ........ Sa ee Mr ne cen S A eee aee 1309. Solanum L. Capsule 4-6 cm long, prickly or tuberculate; flowers solitary, corolla 6-10 or 12-20 cm long, usually white, rarely bluish or Ni) (SDN Re Soe een: nie ome oe oe eee 1321. Datura L. Capsule smooth, much smaller; flowers grouped in inflorescences Or SOMMARY sa kbadeacw ete cam ass eer Oe a cron ee estore 1g . Capsule dehiscing by valves; flowers in terminal racemes or lax paniclesaa4. ccsmeyened. 2.4.78. meee eRe. 1320. Nicotiana L. > 3 + Capsule circumscissile (dehiscing by operculum), flowers solitary onimcommbs Or bostryces ex. .de.d4e0 oe tee emitesh sc: s be: 12. Flowers solitary, campanulate or tubular-campanulate ............ eg yoancemane eens oagine’t awe we veteeeeeeseeees+s 1318. Scopolia Jacq. + Flowers grouped in inflorescences, infundibuliform .......... 13. 13. Flowers in ebracteate corymbose inflorescence ................... TE one Re eth ee ee ee 1319. Physochlaina G. Don. + Flowers in bracteate inflorescence (helicoid cyme); highly elon- gated in fruit, appearing like raceme or spike 9. Hyoscyamus L. Tribe 1. SOLANEAE Schlecht. in Linnaea, VII (1832) 66; Dun. in DC Prodr. XIII, 1 (1852) 4; Wettst. in Engl. u. Pr. Pflanzenfam. IV. 3b (1895) 10; Baehni in Candollea, X (1943-1946) 478—Corolla regular (rarely slightly zygomorphic), in bud valvate or plicate-valvate. Stamens 5 (rarely 4, in some cultivated species 6-8). Ovary bilocular, fruit a berry, indehiscent. Subtribe 1. SOLANINEAE Dun. in DC. Prodr. XIII, 1 (1852) 4 and 23; Wettst. in Engl. u. Pr. Pflanzenfam. IV, 3b (1895) 18, p. min. p.; Baehni in Candollea, X (1943-1946) 478.—Corolla rotate or subglobose, with very short tube. Calyx after flowering usually not accrescent (rarely expanded). Stamens 5(4—6-8), all fertile; anthers usually dehiscing by two apical pores or connate in tube, introrse, filament usually separating from lower side of narrow connective, embryo curved. Genus 1309. SOLANUM!? L. L. Sp. pl. (1753) 184 Calyx 5(6—10)-toothed, incised or lobed, persistent in fruit or some- times enlarged and covering latter. Corolla rotate or stellate with short tube and broad dentate, lobed, or parted limb, mostly regular, sometimes somewhat zygomorphic with enlargement of two lower lobes. Stamens with short filaments; anthers usually connivent, often connate into tube around style, opening usually by apical pores (sometimes transformed into slit), rarely by lateral slits. Fruit bilocular, polyspermous, succulent, rarely pulpy berry. Annual or perennial herbs, semishrubs, or trees in tropics, often with prickles. Leaves entire, lobed, partite, or pinnately compound. The family Solanaceae consists of nearly 1700 (up to 2000) species, distributed over the whole globe, except in Arctic and Antarctic zones, mainly in tropical and subtropical zones, especially in the Western Hemi- sphere. ! Plant named by Celsius. . Plant with interruptedly pinnatisect leaves and with trailing shoots forming tuberSasss:s53.245078 2+ .aeenoe eee *S. tuberosum L. Plant with entire, lobe, or partite leaves, without trailing shoots or © with rootstock, not forming tubers: -..°.:..2.:.:::..--22222-..2- Ds . Stem, leaves, inflorescence axis, and calyx thickly covered with fine needlelike prickles; calyx after flowering accrescent and closely Sumroundimeenipe berhy *=2%2 22452 s24se sete ae *'S. rostratum Dun. Prickles absent, or rare and thick if present; calyx not covering berry, usually not accrescent, always much shorter than berry sa . Plant covered with stellate hairs; berry rarely less than 7-10 cm long, with thick pulp; flowers 3-4 cm across, mostly solitary; if 2-5 in number, only lowest bisexual and fertile, with style longer than stamens, others sterile (staminate), with style shorter than stamens tear AER AI Mes MRNAS ee soc ppc *S. melongena L. Pubescence consisting of simple, not stellate, hairs; berry 5—15 mm long, succulent; flowers small, 7-15 mm across, all bisexual, in simple umbellate, compound corymbose, or almost pyramidal in- MLONESCONCE 44. ahha bons {gee tee ROES. YF. . calibre Jas. ena 4. . Semishrubs with woody rootstock; flowers violet, about 1.5(2) mm actossi(SeciiWulcamara) wiz. Ve 8 tse neste - J ReRAae 3. Annual herbs; flowers white, 6-9 mm across (Sec. Morella) . 14 . Stems short, 7—25 cm tall, simple, erect, regularly spaced on very long (2 m or more in length) branching rootstock; inflorescence single, terminal, with 1-3 flowers ...... 1. S. kieseritzkii C.A.M. Stems 30-300 cm long, branched, climbing, erect or decumbent, generally forming thick bush; inflorescence terminal and lateral in form of cymose compound corymb or pyramidal-ovate cymose JOT CE) (RRR a Pa PR Set ene Hb eee. 88 Ore, SI oe 6. . Leaves 5—11-pinnatipartite, sometimes intermixed with entire or lobed leaves; stem erect; inflorescence pyramidal-ovate panicle; ANUNETS MCC. 5 aces ary ae epee ee ck ce 2. S. septemlobum Bge. Leaves entire or with one (rarely two) pair of auricles at base; in- florescence compact or broad expanded cymose compound corymb . Stem, branches, peduncles, and pedicels pilose-tomentose, anes velutinous on both surfaces, ovate, more or less tripartite at base, upper and lower leaves often entire .......... 4. S. litorale Raab. Plants subglabrous or sparsely pubescent; when stem and inflores- cence tomentose and leaves pubescent, all leaves entire, narrower (ovately)or narrowly lanceolate .2425c.s5005 coe eee 8. 10. 13. 3) . Leaves cleft at base (rarely parted 2/3) into two small, ovate, obtuse, usually hastate or upcurved lobes; berries globose, small, 4.5—7 mm ORG 3 f0.5 ae lew sc 2p POIRIER MAY ae2 10. S. asiae-mediae Pojark. Leaves entire or divided up to midrib at base or almost so, forming one (rarely two) small acuminate segments on each side; berries lareer, (G) Sal Semin lone. 25; SAB OE PR hen 9. . Berries oblong, ellipsoid, up to 15 mm long and 8-9 mm broad; corolla pale violet; anthers free; leaves all entire, narrowly ovate St ha Biaedcendiay seeeececeeeeeesesss++:9, S, megacarpum Koidz. Berries ovoid, ellipsoid-ovoid, or globose, smaller, up to 10-12 mm long; corolla bright or dark violet; anthers connate; leaves entire ortriparliteraibasel ..25. SOR Ie. SOR RRB RR 10. Young branches, leaves, peduncles, and pedicels fleshy; all leaves usually entire, gradually tapering (not drawn into mucro), with ob- tuse or short-acute apex; branches recumbent ................... IAM LG LA, SEAS IST IE 5. S. marinum (Bab.) Pojark. Plants not fleshy, leaves usually long-tapering and often acuminate; branchestclimbingi 2s: YRVORea 2a I OO RRS | 11. . Berries ovoid or ellipsoid-ovoid; uppermost leaves mostly tripartite at base, rarely all leaves tripartite or all entire ................... WN. TE, TO. AGO. IRERS, OWS. 90.. 900 RI. WO. 23 3. S. dulcamara L. Berries globose, leaves always entire ..................-.0204- 12. . Leaves narrowly lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, gradually tapering almost from base toward apex, puberulent to velutinous-tomentose beneath; branches, petioles, and peduncle tomentose or pubescent (a form is ocassionally found wherein all parts are subglabrous); inflorescence multiflorous (up to 40-60 flowers), large expanded panicle thrice branched in lower part ...... 8. S. persicum Willd. Leaves broader: Ovate or broadly ovate (only toward apex of run- ners sometimes lanceolate-ovate) more short-tapering upward... Branches glabrous; mature leaves glabrous beneath or hairy only along ribs, with deeply cordate base; inflorescence a few-flowered (5-20 flowers) compact corymb once or twice branched in lower part; corolla lobes ovate or lanceolate-ovate ..................... VSGOUE STR, ABD. BAN SS. SORT, RAY 6. S. depilatum Kitagawa. Branches and lower surface of mature leaves pubescent (rarely with scattered pubescence), leaf base broadly rounded to cordate; inflorescence multiflorous (up to 30-45 flowers) expanded panicle, 3- or 4-branched below; corolla lobes narrowly lanceolate ...... EDS BE HOTA EP EO OE NIE 7. S. pseudopersicum Pojark. 14(4). LS ‘16. ET: 18. 19: 20. Zi Branches, petiole, and parts of inflorescence densely patently villous with mixed simple and glandular, capitate sticky hairs; berries light yellow, somewhat elongated ....... *S. luteum Mill. Branches and petioles glabrous or somewhat densely pubescent with simple (without stalked glands), short, antrorse, appressed, or patent hairs, sometimes also with longer hispid hairs; berries globose, black (rarely green), light red, reddish brown, or yellow base ate accestesty be, pare wad. mmillong(excluding spur)t--e as fee eases 5). 2Hek Ip Leaves linear-filiform, linear or linear-lanceolate; calyx nearly acti- nomorphic, glabrous, setaceous- or glandular-hairy, lobes linear- lanceolate, 2.5-6 mm long; corolla 8-15 mm long (excluding spur) Eh RR SAP eRe. Care hs i kcal atl antes Bi feline aed, 28. Leaves ovate, subamplexicaul, 4-5 cm long and 3 cm broad, corolla 22 mm long (excluding spur). Talysh ... 8. L. lenkoranica Kuprian. Leaves broadly lanceolate, 3.5-5(6) cm long and 0.7—1.5 cm broad; corolla 25—27 mm long (excluding spur). Kopet-Dag. (Plate VII, fig. 1) URE ot lonbid. Here ge By ....9. L. kopetdaghensis Kuprian. Inflorescence paniculate; branches terminated by oblong or capitate racemes, forming corymbose inflorescence by late flowering stage; calyx glabrous, lanate or with sparse simple white hairs ......... 29: Inflorescence spicate, rarely paniculate; in latter case flowers rarely disposed along the entire length of branches; calyx glabrous; glandular or withisimple,whiteshairs: )j220 Gon. Sh ete ed ae 3 Lower leaves broadly lanceolate; calyx subglabrous, with sparse sim- ple hairs; corolla yellow, veins absent, 8—11 mm long (excluding spur) SA baad. SA et Seis DAE 10. L. kurdica Boiss. and Hoh. All leaves linear or linear-filiform; calyx densely lanate or wholly glabrous; corolla with violet veins, 8-10 mm long (excluding spur) Ay Fs spe re RUC ERRIRE o RD n Sb Acasa etn iN de upsoatals 30. calvin densely lanate, with Eenereomin te teeth; leaves linear ..... Set Eero Reiley! tise Oc a ROH Poe cya iearclid 3x 11. L. lineolata Boiss. eal entirely glabrous, teeth narrowly lanceolate, slender, long- acuminate?ileaves linear-filiform) * 2st 4-0 220s. etic Leland. 184 164 32: 38% 34. 35% 36. Sih. . Stem with simple white hairs; calyx subglabrous or it with isolated simple hairs; corolla large (10)16 mm long (excluding spur), spur 8-10 mm long (Plate VII, fig. 5) ......... 13. L. biebersteinii Bess. Stem wholly glabrous or glandular-hairy above; calyx glabrous or elandular-hairyn2e 3555) Ce RE, ee 32: Plant glabrous throughout or stems very sparsely hairy ......... 33. Plant with inflorescence axis and pedicels glandular-pubescent...... Stem erect, branched above; leaves rigid, lanceolate-linear; inflores- cence paniculate; calyx wholly glabrous outside, papillose-hairy in- side; corolla 9-12 mm long (excluding spur); spur slender, 5.5—7 mm long and 1 mm broad at base; capsule oblong-globose, 6-7 mm long and 5—6 mm broad (Plate VII, fig. 3) ..... 14. L. ruthenica Blonski. Plant different in appearance; calyx glabrous inside; corolla 12—16 mm long (excluding spur); spur 8-12 mm long ...................... 34. Inflorescence compact, spicate, up to 12 cm long, many-flowered; corolla large, 13-15 mm long (excluding spur); spur 10—12 mm long; calyx lobes with narrow, white, scarious margin; capsule small, glo- bose, 4-5 mm long ............... 15. L. schelkovnikovii Schischk. Inflorescence rather lax; capsule oblong-globose, 8—9 mm long..... Leaves somewhat broad, lanceolate-linear, slightly broadened above, 3-5 cm long and 0.5-1.5 cm broad; inflorescence many-flowered; calyx lobes broad, 3 mm long and 2—2.5 mm broad; corolla 12-16 mm long (excluding spur); sinus on upper lip 2 mm deep; spur curved, ll st4smim lon gh 4 . Soe, SS 17. L. acutiloba Fisch. Leaves linear-lanceolate, slender long-acuminate, 3-6 mm long and up to 0.5 cm broad; inflorescence few-flowered; calyx lobes narrow, 3 mm long and 15 [sic] mm broad; corolla 13-15 mm long (excluding spur); sinus on upper lip 3 mm deep; spur 8-10 mm long .......... L DINE. AL ORE RI RONE & OR Oca 18. L. melampyroides Kuprian. Stem (30)40-90 cm; leaves linear, flat; inflorescence axis sparsely glandular-hairy; calyx lobes 3-4 mm long and 2 mm broad; corolla 15-18 mm long (excluding spur); capsule oblong, 9-10 mm long and 6-7 mm in diameter (Plate VII, fig. 4) ........ 16. L. vulgaris Mill. Stem 10-20 cm, densely leafy; leaves filiform-linear, semicylindrical, rarely flat; inflorescence axis, pedicels and calyx densely villous and glandular-hairy; calyx lobes narrowly linear, 5—6 mm long and 1.5 mm broad; capsule globose, 6 mm in diameter .. 12. L. buriatica Turcz. Seeds oblong, compressed reniform, with very narrow and thin bor- der, tuberculate-rugose; plants small, with numerous axillary branches, stems ascending or decumbent; lower and middle leaves in whorls 185 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 165 of 3-4, upper leaves alternate, orbicular-ovate or lanceolate-linear; corollacG>8imm-longh: dus. pies. Blo. he oeelte..xoyedl 38. Seeds sharply trigonous or elliptical, with thickened outer margin; leavesvaltermate, rarely MWhOnled |). 21a tess aloo. discoseisscieverein cs IS 40. . Stem 10-20 cm, branched from base, branching especially profuse in middle and upper parts; branches slender, long, axillary; cauline leaves sessile, opposite or in whorls of three, ramal, usually opposite or alternate, lower leaves lanceolate, 8-10 mm long, 4—5 mm broad, upper leaves oblong-lanceolate. (Plate VIII, fig. 5) ................. Ot. SEND sak 2 ES acai Siarevennaegensaainals 52. L. creticola Kuprian. Plants larger; leaves orbicular-reniform, amplexicaul ............ 39. . Stem 12-25 cm, with short axillary branches only in upper part; leaves orbicular-ovate, acute, amplexicaul 10 mm long and broad, upper leaves and floral leaves orbicular-reniform, short-acuminate; corolla 7 mm long (excluding spur); spur 5 mm long............... is ae We ALLER coe SRE ciate Ar eT 51. L. cretacea Fisch. Stem 20-30 cm, lower leaves orbicular-reniform, amplexicaul, 20 mm long and 20 mm broad, upper leaves and bracts orbicular-reniform, short-acuminate; corolla 5-6 mm long (excluding spur); spur 3 mm HOMERED. tot coe occ sc uasen meee 53. L. macrophylla Kuprian. Meavesrwhorled-2. hese sit gecpgd CRC a sai al ae aad ete) 41. Leaves altémate it). savin ebshily ii OM etre Nes on tin Ip cui os 42. Leaves ovate or oblong-ovate; inflorescence short, 3—5-flowered; corolla 12-17 mm long (excluding spur); yellow; spur short, conical, 3 DOMME ONG, yee cue ehince cece eo eee 50. L. japonica Mil. Leaves linear, acuminate; inflorescence long; corolla 7-10 mm long (excluding spur), sky blue; spur short, straight, 2 mm long ......... 9 sa alel seal amars. 2 tok. T. BOIS Be 48. L. monspessulana (L.) Mill. Calyx foreee than capsule; corolla large, 18-38 mm long ....... 43. Calyx as long as capsule or shorter; corolla small, 8-12 mm long he, se SA. ee te sees. Qo roekoem sans. ae PESaae | iy, ay 44. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, upper lanceolate; calyx lobes broad-lanceo- late, 7-12 mm long and 3-4 mm broad; corolla 25-35 mm long (ex- cluding spur); spur broad, curved, 15-22 mm long ................. soya igs bot a destinies MATS LONE, SOON SELEY 1. L. grandiflora Desf. Leaves linear-lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate; calyx lobes lance- olate, slender, acuminate, S-6 mm long and 2 mm broad; corolla 18-20 mm long (excluding spur); spur 13-15 mm long ............ CELE TAXS. Bose IeeN nt bane. atop . Tila cae 2. L. zangezura Grossh. Corolla grayish violet; leaves semicylindrical; spur straight, very short, 2) SIMMONS | BAGO. ob. ee wea ces ese 47. L. corifolia Desf. Corolla yellow, leaves flat; spur longer .................22220005 45. 166 45. 186 46. 47. 48. 51. 187 + Stem 15-30 cm, ascending or procumbent, branches spreading; leaves oblong-ovate, 6-14 mm long and 2.5—7 mm broad; corolla 8—9(10) mm (excluding spur); spur 5—6.5 mm long. Maritime Crimean Sandsiviun,)M.. hula ame ee ee ee 5. L. sabulosa Czern. Stem 30-100 cm; leaves lanceolate, linear-lanceolate or linear ...... Lower cauline leaves broadly ovate, acuminate, upper leaves lanceo- late; corolla 11-12 mm long (excluding spur); spur 7-10 mm long; capsule globose, 5—6 mm in diameter (Plate VIII, fig. 2) ........... SL Rs ROR ORES wal ely, ol alongs | 3. L. genistifolia (L.) Mill. Lower leaves narrower; corolla 8-10 mm long; capsule 4—5 mm in diameter)... ARI ees ORE A a OST rae 47. Stem erect, branched above; lower leaves amplexicaul, oblong- lanceolate, erect, inflorescence long, many-flowered (Plate VIII, fig. 1) AeA O meh enes, 3 ae Seige renee Wis 4. L. pontica Kuprian. Stem ascending or procumbent; often branched from base;, leaves linear lanceolate, linear-filiform or linear; inflorescence short, about 3=5(8) flowerediiaend cis. eee nee. sb sete, Os od 48. Leaves linear-filiform, 20-40 mm long and 2-3 mm broad. Kerch, Shale arsenite, Th BF weiesln ueilica et tee ad 6. L. euxina Velen. Leaves linear-lanceolate, 20-30 mm long and 3-4 mm broad. Cauca- sia, Crimea (Kuchuk-Lambat), rubbly slopes (Plate VIII, fig. 3) .... PRUE ASTOR, Rua eee Eh ete unatat 7. L. syspirensis C. Koch. WAI orlowerdeaves whorledig. 242 Rese ee. 50. Allvleavesvaltemate: );. stij5..c08. ee eo. aes Re Oe. aye . Flowers axillary or in rather long racemes. Plants cultivated .... 57. Flowers in capitate inflorescence, elongated in fruit; corolla 4-5 mm long; spur straight, shorter than corolla, 1.5—3.5 mm long. Plants grow- Ing wildinwounk Ries kioee nae Reh Re eae 53 Flowers axillary; pedicels long; corolla white, with bright orange patch in throat, 10-11 mm long (excluding spur); spur 12 mm long. Culti- wated Ula. 2k alee eta looresh ean, cate 49. L. reflexa (L.) Desf. Flowers in racemes. Corolla violet or lilac-colored .............. 52: . Pedicels long, 2—3 times as long as bracts; corolla violet, with orange patch in throat, 12 mm long (excluding spur) ...................... scan. GAGA: Galeton boeed wiwemress Pe 46. L. bipartita (Vent.) Willd. Pedicels short; corolla lilac-colored, white in the throat ............. RE ARIE LOL ORS IN ......... 45. L. canadensis (L.) Dum. . Seeds oblong, trigonous; calyx, bracts and inflorescence axis glabrous; corolla white, upper lip much longer than lower; capsule oblong ... SOURCE aE ANUS aes 59. L. albifrons (Sibth. and Sm.) Spreng. Seeds orbicular, flat, with broad membranous margin; calyx, bracts and inflorescence axis glandular-hairy ........................05- 54. 188 SAME orolla pale tskyablielOnee, PPO SU, RR As AOD ot 35: ‘Pe Corollanyellows }.2QRaUn. Poe. 28 oa RR OL ea ee 56. 55. Leaves lanceolate, 1-1.5 cm long and 3-4 mm broad; stems always simple; inflorescence capitate, elongated in fruit .................... RR Ot Belly ee 57. L. micrantha (Cav.) Hoffmg. and Link. + Leaves linear, 1.5—3.5 cm long and 1—2 mm broad, stem almost always branched; inflorescence much elongated in fruit .................... 52: RS ater ean ates ae 4 arvensis UL.) Dest: 56. Stem branched, corolla 4 mm long (excluding spur); seeds smooth in Center. Se. INO, SE, ee 55. L. turcomanica Kuprian. + Stem simple; corolla 5 mm long (excluding spur); seeds sharply tu- Bberculatennicenter Gomes ses acme nese 56. L. simplex (Willd.) DC. 57. Corolla white, 7 mm long, (excluding spur); spur S-7 mm long, 1 mm broad; calyx lobes long, patent, 5-7 mm long, 1 mm broad ........ Fe Be hs MN eT a ke RT tA she clans, GINO 43. L. chalepensis (L.) Mill. + Corolla sky-blue, 8 mm long (excluding spur); spur 12-14 mm long; calyx lobes not patent, 3 mm long ........ 44. L. armeniaca Chav. Section 1. Speciosae (Benth.) Wettst. in Pflanzenfam. IV, 3 (1895) 59; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 274.—Perennials. Seeds elongated trigonous, margins rugose. Corolla yellow, (8)10-35 mm long (excluding spur). Leaves alternate. Mountain xerophytes. Most species of this section are distributed in the eastern Mediterranean Region. Series 1. Dalmaticae Klok. in mss——Leaves large, lanceolate to ovate- lanceolate. Corolla 11-35 mm long. Inflorescence long, lax, paniculate. Plant of rubbly mountain slopes and sandy regions. 1. L. grandiflora Desf. in Ann. Mus. Par. X, 1 (1808) 51; Choix de Pl. ex Coroll. Tourn. 21, 30.—L. dalmatica Ldb. Fl. Ross. II (1847-1849) 290, non Mill—L. dalmatica Mill. 8. grandiflora Boiss. Fl. or. IV (1879) 376; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 372. —Exs.: Pl. or. Exs. No. 68. Perennial. Plant glabrous, bluish gray. Stems 25-75 cm tall, few, rarely solitary, erect, simple or branched above. Leaves sessile, erect, lower leaves ovate-lanceolate, amplexicaul, upper leaves lanceolate, acuminate 2(4) cm long, 0.5—1.5 cm broad, 3-veined. Flowers in simple, rarely pan- iculate inflorescences. Bracts broadly lanceolate, long-acuminate, about 1 cm long, 0.5 cm broad. Pedicels 1.3 mm long. Calyx glabrous; lobes broad, lanceolate, slender, long-acuminate, 7-10(12) mm long, 3-4 mm broad. Corolla bright yellow, 25—30(35) mm long (excluding spur); spur 15—20(22) mm long, straight, slender, long-tapering; upper lip deeply (6-7 mm) 2-lobed, lobes subobtuse, lower lip with broadly ovate lobes, sometimes with a blurred orange patch in throat. Capsule slightly oblong, 18 \o 168 calyx teeth longer than capsule. Seeds trigonous, about 1 mm _ long, reticulate-rugose. July to August. On rubbly slopes.—Caucasus: southern and eastern Transcaucasia, Talysh. General distribution: Asia Minor (east). Described from eastern Anatolia from Tournefort’s specimens. Type in Paris. Note. L. calycina Boiss. and Bal. is most closely related to L. grandi- flora Desf. from which it is distinguished by broader and larger amplex- icaul leaves and calyx lobes much longer than the capsule. L. calycina Boiss. is not found in the USSR in the Caucasus, although some authors have reportedly referred to this species. 2. L. zangezura Grossh. in Zhurn. Russk. Bot. obsch. XIV, 3 (1929, 1930) 313.—L. dalmatica var. stenophylla Bordz. in Byull. Kievsk. bot. sada XII-XIII (1931) 137; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 372. Perennial. Plant bluish gray. Stems branched, 40-80 cm tall, of- ten flexuous. Leaves narrowly lanceolate or linear, pointed, narrowed toward base, 3.5 cm long, 2.5 mm broad, single-veined. Inflorescence lax, branched, few-flowered. Bracts lanceolate, acuminate, 8-10 mm long. Pedicels 1.5—2 mm long. Calyx lobes narrow, lanceolate, slender, acumi- nate, 5—6 mm long and 2 mm broad.. Corolla bright yellow, 18 mm long (excluding spur); spur 13-15 mm long, straight, slender, pointed; upper lip deeply bilobed, with subobtuse lobes, lower lip with ovate lobes. Capsule oblong-globose, calyx teeth slightly longer than capsule. Seeds trigonous. July to August. In the central mountain zone on rubbly slopes——Caucasus: southern Transcaucasia. Endemic. Described from Zangezur. Type in Tbilisi. Note. This species is morphologically closest to L. dalmatica Mill., but is distinguished by narrower leaves and a smaller corolla. Grossheim, differentiating his species from L. dalmatica Mill., mentions that while L. zangezura is an annual plant, L. dalmatica is a perennial. This, however, is doubtful. 3. L. genistifolia (L.) Mill. Gard. Dict. (1768) No. 14; Ldb. FI. Ross. II, 209; Schmalh. Fl. II, 264; Hegi, Illustr. Fl. Mittel-Eur. VI, 26; Pavlov. Fl. tsentr. Kazakhst. III, 134; Maevsk. Fl. 640; Kuprian. in Tr. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, I, 9, 41—L. chloraefolia Rchb. Ic. pl. crit. V, tab. 436 (1821) 21.—Antirrhinum genistifolium L. Sp. pl. (1753) 616.—A. genistifolium M.B. FI. taur.-cauc. II (1808) 75. Perennial. Plant glabrous, bluish gray, (30)80-100 cm tall; stems single or 2-5, with a few vegetative shoots at base, branched above; lower leaves broadly ovate to ovate, upper lanceolate, long-pointed, fleshy, distinctly 3-veined. Inflorescence paniculate, lax, long, 10—15- flowered. Pedicels 3-6 mm long, equaling or exceeding bracts. Calyx lobes 190 169 lanceolate, slender, pointed, 6-6 mm long. Corolla light yellow, 11-12 mm long (excluding spur), corolla tube broad, lobes of upper lip pointed, lower lip whitish yellow-pubescent in throat, lobes ovate, 4 mm broad; spur slightly curved, 7-12 mm long. Capsule globose, 5-6 mm in diameter, equaling or slightly exceeding calyx. Seeds trigonous, with narrow fringe at angles, flat surface reticulate-rugose. July. (Plate VIII, fig. 2.) Plant fairly common in sandy regions and forests. European USSR: Upper Dnieper, Middle Dnieper, Volga-Don, Trans-Volga Region, Upper Dniester, Bessarabia, Black Sea Region, Lower Don, Lower Volga; West- ern Siberia: Upper Tobol, Irtysh, Altai. Soviet Central Asia: Aral-Caspian Region (northern section). General distribution: Central Europe. Described on the basis of Gmelin’s materials from Siberia. Type in London. This series also includes L. dalmatica Mill., not found in the Soviet Union. We see a natural connection of L. genistifolia (L.) Mill. with species of this series and not with L. cretacea Fisch., as suggested by M.V. Klokov (1947) and M.G. Popov. (1922). Series 2. Ponticae Kuprian—Stem branched above or only in inflo- rescence. Leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate. Corolla 8-10 mm long; inflorescence lax, long, paniculate. Plants common on rubbly slopes of the lower zone of the Caucasus and Crimean coquina sands. 4. L. pontica Kuprian. in Tr. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, I, 9 (1950) 64; Kolak. Fl. Abkhaz. IV, 93, nomen.—L. genistifolia Boiss. Fl. or. IV (1879) 377, non L.; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 373.—L. scenoreina Juz. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, XIV (1951) 30.—L. imereth- ica Kem.-Nath, in Fl. Gruz. VII (1952) 503, fig. 338.—L. iberica Kem.- Nath. l.c. 504, fig. 339.—L. kantschavelii Kem.-Nath. |.c. 504. fig. 340.—? L. caucasica Kem.-Nath. |.c. 509.—Antirrhinum genistaefolium M.B. FI. taur.-cauc. II (1808) 74. Perennial. Plant bluish gray. Stem 40-80 cm tall, erect, solitary or 3-4, branched above. Leaves sessile, alternate, oblong-lanceolate, somewhat fleshy, with slightly prominent midrib, 2.5—3.5 cm long, 0.5-1(1.5) cm broad; long-acuminate. Inflorescence usually paniculate. Flowers in in- florescence 1 cm apart in lower part 0.5 cm apart above. Bracts lance- olate, long-pointed, 4.5 mm long, 11/2—2 times as long as pedicels. Pedicels 2—2.5(3) mm long. Calyx lobes narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, 3-3.5 mm long, 1-1.5 mm broad. Corolla light yellow, veins not visi- ble, 8—10(11) mm long (excluding spur); spur 5—6(7) mm long, slender, slightly curved; upper corolla lip shallowly bifid, lobes subobtuse, lateral lobes of lower lip ovate. Capsule globose, 4-5 mm long, calyx teeth not longer than capsule. Seeds trigonous, with very narrow fringe at angles, reticulate-rugose. June (Plate VIII, fig. 1). 193 170 On rocky slopes, rarely on sands.—European USSR: Crimea; Cau- casus: Ciscaucasia, western and eastern Transcaucasia, Talysh, rarely in southern Transcaucasia. Endemic. Described from Crimea. Type in Leningrad. Note. The Crimean-Caucasian species L. pontica Kuprian. is usually identified with L. genistifolia (L.) Mill., in spite of the fact that it is well distinguished from the latter. Genetically, L. pontica Kuprian. is closer to L. monochroma Boiss. and L. praedita Boiss. from Asia Minor. 5. L. sabulosa Czern. ex Klokov in Bot. zhurn. SSSR, XXXIV (1949) 69; Kuprian. in Tr. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, I, 9, 42. Perennial. Plant entirely glabrous, bluish gray, 15—30 cm tall. Stems ascending or procumbent; densely leafy; branched above, with numerous patent branches. Leaves ovate or oblong-lanceolate, 6-14 mm long and 2.5—7 mm broad, sessile, subamplexicaul, alternate, fleshy, veins obscure. Bracts ovate-lanceolate, long pointed, longer than pedicels. Pedicels 1.2-2 mm long. Calyx lobes oblong-lanceolate, 1.5—3(3.5) mm _ long and 1.2-1.5 mm broad. Corolla yellow, veins not visible, 8-9(10) mm long (excluding spur); spur straight or slightly curved, 5-6.5 mm long, lobes of both corolla lips obtuse, orbicular. Capsule globose. Seeds 1 mm long, trigonous, coarsely rugose, with very narrow fringe at 3 edges. On coastal sands.—European USSR: Crimea (Eupatoria Region). En- demic. Described from Crimea. Type in Kiev. Series 3. Linifoliae Kuprian—Stems branched from base. Leaves lin- ear or linear-filiform. Corolla 8—10 mm long. Flowers terminating branches in short, 3—5(8)-flowered inflorescence. Plant common on stony slopes of lower mountain zone and sands. 6. L. euxina Velen. in Bot. Centralbl. XXXVI (1888) 125; FI. Bulg. 425; Stoyanov and Stefanov, Fl. Bolg. 1006; Hayek, Prodr. FI. Balk. II, 138; Kuprian. in Tr. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, I, 9, 42. Perennial. Plant green, 30-50 cm tall. Stems numerous or solitary, procumbent, profusely branched almost from base, branches long, di- vergent, densely leafy. Leaves sessile, flat, linear; lower cauline leaves lanceolate-linear, 2-4 mm long, 2-3 mm [cm] broad, narrowed toward base, slender-acuminate, midrib obscure. Flowers in lax 3—5(8)-flowered raceme. Pedicels 1-2 mm long. Bracts longer than pedicels. Calyx lobes lanceolate, slender-acuminate, 3-4 mm long. Corolla light yel- low, 9-10 mm long, excluding spur; spur slightly curved, 5-6 mm long, lobes of upper lip orbicular, lower lip yellow-pubescent in throat, with rounded lobes. Capsule orbicular, 4 mm in diameter. Seeds trigonous. August. 194 171 In sandy regions.—European USSR: Crimea (Kerch Peninsula). Gen- eral distribution: Balkan States-Asia Minor. Described from Varna. Type in Prague. 7. L. syspirensis C. Koch in Linnaea, XXIII (1849) 717; Grossh. Opred. rast. Kavk. 306; Kuprian. in Tr. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, I, 9, 42. —L. petraea Stev. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXX (1857) 437. —L. steveni Nym. Suppl. syll. Fl. Europ. (1865) 22.—? L. adzarica Kem.- Nath. in Fl. Gruz. VII (1952) 509, fig. 341. Perennial. Plant bluish gray, 2040 cm tall. Stems numerous, rarely solitary, profusely branched from base, branches divergent. Leaves flat, lanceolate-linear or linear, acuminate, 2-3.5 cm long and 3-4 mm broad; lower cauline leaves up to 5 mm broad. Flowers in lax, few-flowered panicles with 3-8 flowers. Pedicels 1-2 mm long. Bracts longer than pedicels. Calyx lobes lanceolate, 2.5-3 mm long slender pointed. Corolla light yellow, 9-10 mm long, excluding spur; spur slightly curved, 5-6 mm long; lobes of upper lip triangular, lower lip bright yellow, with nar- row 2.5—3 mm broad lobes. Capsule globose, 4 mm in diameter. Seeds trigonous with rugose angles. June to August (Plate VIII, fig. 3). Rocky slopes of lower mountain belt, rare —European USSR: Crimea (southern coast); Caucasus: western Transcaucasia. Endemic. Described from western Transcaucasia. Type in Berlin. Note. Crimean plants are very similar to Caucasian plants, differ- ing only slightly in leaf form and by the most insignificant deviation in corolla size. We, therefore, think they should be combined. This series also includes L. linifolia, described by Linnaeus from northern Italy. Section 2. Grandes (Benth.) Wettst. in Pflanzenfam. IV, 3 (1895) 59; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 271.—Perennials. Seeds discoid, smooth or tuberculate. Corolla yellow or lilac-colored. Leaves alternate. Subsection 1. Tuberculatae Kuprian.—Seeds discoid, tuberculate, with broad membranous margin. Series 4. Pyramidatae Kuprian—Plants large, with compact spicate inflorescence. Calyx white-tomentose. Corolla 22-27 mm long (excluding spur). Plants common on mountain slopes of Talysh and Kopet-Dag. This series includes L. pyramidata (Lam.) Spreng., growing in eastern Anatolia. 8. L. lenkoranica Kuprian. in Tr. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, I, 9 (1950) 67.—L. pyramidata Ldb. FI. Ross. III (1847-1849) 205, non Lam.: Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 370; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 37.—Ic.: Kuprian. I.c. Plate I. Perennial. Plant bluish gray, glabrous. Stem erect, 30-40 cm tall, densely leafy, simple or branched in inflorescence. Leaves erect, large, ovate, acuminate, subamplexicaul, 4—5 cm long and 3 cm broad, 5-veined, 172 195 17S upper leaves narrower. Flowers in dense pyramidal inflorescences, some- times branched. Pedicels short, 2-3 mm long. Bracts lanceolate, longer than pedicels. Calyx zygomorphic, white-tomentose; lobes broad-lanceo- late, almost ovate, 7 mm long, 3 mm broad, one lobe lanceolate-linear, 7 mm long, 2 mm broad. Corolla bright yellow, 22 mm long (exclud- ing spur); upper lip curved and rigid with 2.5-3 mm deep sinus, lower lip almost equaling upper lip, with narrow lobes, 2.5—-3 mm broad; spur10-12 mm long, slender. Capsule glabrous, 7 mm in diameter. Seeds discoid, with membranous margin, tuberculate in center, 3 mm long, 2 mm broad. July (Plate VII, fig. 2). Mountain slopes.—Caucasus: Talysh. General distribution: Iran (Karadag). Described from Talysh. Type in Leningrad. 9. L. kopetdaghensis Kuprian. in Tr. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, I, 9 (1950) 66.—L. pyramidata O. and B. Fedtsch. Perech. rast. Turkest. 5 (1913) 81, non Chav.—Ic.: Kuprian I.c. Plate I. —Exs.: Sint. Pl. transcasp.- pers. 1900-1901, No. 803. Perennial. Plant bluish gray, glabrous. Stem erect, 30-55 cm tall, simple or branched above. Leaves erect, large, broadly lanceolate, with one or three veins, 3—5(6) cm long, 0.5—1.5 cm broad, upper leaves narrower, lanceolate, Flowers in dense pyramidal inflorescence. Pedicels 2-3 mm long. Bracts lanceolate, longer than pedicels. Calyx zygomorphic, white- tomentose, lobes lanceolate; gradually tapering, (8)9—10 mm long, 2.5 mm broad, one of them linear-lanceolate, 9-10 mm long, 2 mm broad. Corolla bright yellow, 25-27 mm long (excluding spur); upper lip curved, with rigid lobes and 3—4 mm deep sinus at apex; lower lip almost as long as the ‘upper, with 2.5—3 mm broad lobes; spur 12-15 mm long. Capsule usually enclosed by accrescent calyx lobes, 7 mm in diameter. Seeds discoid, with membranous margin, tuberculate in center, 3 mm long and 2 mm broad. May-—June-—July (Plate VII, fig. 1.) On mountain slopes in steppe at altitudes of 1500-2600 m and among dryland crops. Soviet Central Asia: mountainous Turkmenia. Endemic. De- scribed from Kopet-Dag. Type in Leningrad. Note. Closely similar to L. lenkoranica Kuprian. from which it is distinguished by narrower leaves and a slightly larger corolla. Within the USSR, it is found, apparently, only in Khorasan. Plate VII. 1. Linaria kopetdaghensis Kuprian., general appearance, flower;—2. L. lenkoranica Kuprian., portion of stem;—3. L. ruthenica Blonski, upper portion of stem, flower, calyx;—4. L. vulgaris Mill. (s. str.); upper portion of stem, flower with portion of inflorescence axis;—5. L. biebersteinii Bess. (s. str.), general appearance, flowers and portion of inflorescence axis and seed. 196 174 Series 5. Kurdicae Kuprian—Inflorescence densely paniculate, termi- nal on branches. Calyx sparsely hairy. Corolla 8—10(11) mm long. Plant common in subalpine and alpine grasslands. 10. L. kurdica Boiss. and Hoh. in Boiss. Diagn. pl. or. I, 4 (1844) 73; Fl. or. IV, 371; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 371—L. kurdica var. hajastanica Bordz. in Vestn. Tifl. bot. sada nov. ser. 5 (1927) 60. Perennial. Plant bluish gray. Stems 30-50 cm tall, erect, usually branched only in upper part. Leaves alternate, lanceolate, fleshy, with three prominent veins, 3-6 cm long, 1-1.5 cm broad, rounded base, gradually narrowed above. Flowers in paniculate inflorescences, crowded at tips of branches. Bracts narrowly lanceolate, longer than pedicels, 1—-1.5 mm long. Calyx lobes lanceolate-linear, acuminate, 3 mm long and 1 mm broad, glabrous or with sparse simple hairs. Corolla light yellow, with orange patch in throat, 8-11 mm long (excluding spur); upper lip slightly longer than lower, sinuate; lower lip with rounded, ovate lobes; spur 6-7 mm long, slender, slightly tapering. Capsule globose. Seeds discoid, oblong, with narrow membranous margin, tuberculate in center, 3 mm long, 2 mm broad. August. Subalpine grasslands. Caucasus: southern Transcaucasia. General dis- tribution: Armenia, Kurdistan. Described from Kurdistan. Type in Geneva. 11. L. lineolata Boiss. in Kotschy, Pl. exs. 1846; Boiss. Diagn. pl. or. I, 12, 42; Fl. or. IV, 379; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 372. Perennial. Stem erect with ascending base, 40-55 cm tall, branched, especially in upper part. Leaves linear, fleshy, 3.5-4 cm long and 0.3(0.5) cm broad. Inflorescence paniculate, racemes short, rather dense, about 12 cm long, almost capitate on lateral branches. Bracts linear, as long as pedicels or a little shorter. Pedicels 1.5—2 mm long, elongated in fruit. Calyx lobes slender, with scarious margin, linear-lanceolate, densely lanate, 2.5 mm long and 1 mm broad. Corolla yellow with violet veins, 10 mm long (excluding spur); spur slender, slightly curved, 7 mm long; upper lip bifid, lobes subobtuse, lower lip with narrow lateral lobes and orange patch in throat. Capsule globose, longer than calyx teeth. Seeds discoid, shiny, with broadly membranous margin, 2.5 mm, finely tuberculate. August. In the central mountain zone, on grassy slopes——Caucasus: southern Transcaucasia, Talysh. General distribution: eastern Anatolia, Armenia- Kurdistan. Described from Elbrus. Type in Geneva. Note. The material from Lenkoran available to us differs slightly from the plants collected from Ararat. The former have broader leaves. Series 6. Buriaticae Kuprian—Stems 10-20 cm tall. Leaves linear. Inflorescence axis, pedicels and calyx covered with multicellular simple 197 175 and glandular hairs. Plant common on stony and steppe mountain slopes of Trans-Baikal Region. 12. L. buriatica Turcz. Cat. Baikal. (1837) 14 and 862 (nomen); Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXIV, 302; Ldb. FI. Ross. II, 211; Kuprian. in Sov. bot. (1936) No. 4, 117.—Exs.: GRF, No. 3470. _. Perennial. Stems branched or simple, ascending, 10-20 cm tall, densely leafy. Leaves filiform-linear, semicylindrical, ribbed or flat, somewhat broader, with one prominent rib, slender long pointed 2—4.5(6) cm long and 1-3 mm broad. Flowers in dense terminal 3-7 cm long spikes; inflorescence axis, as well as pedicels and calyx densely glandular-pubescent. Bracts linear-lanceolate, 2.5—3 mm long. Pedicels short, 1.5—-2(3) mm long Calyx densely glandular-hairy outside, with narrow, linear-lanceolate, 5-6 mm long and 1-1.5 mm broad, acuminate lobes, pubescent inside. Corolla yellow, with bright orange patch in the throat, (excluding spur) 15-16 mm long, lower lip with large rounded 2-5 mm broad lobes, middle lobe slightly narrower, 3-4 mm _ broad; upper lip much longer than lower, with 2 mm deep sinus: spur curved, 12-15 mm long. Capsule globose, 6 mm in diameter. Seeds discoid, with broad membranous margin, 1.5—2 mm in diameter, tuberculate in center. June to July. In stony steppe and sandy regions.—Eastern Siberia: Angara-Sayan, Dauria. General distribution: northern Mongolia. Described from Olkhon Island. Type in Leningrad. Series 7. Biebersteinianae Klok. in Bot. zhurn. SSSR, XXXIV, 1 (1949) 75.—Stems glabrous or pubescent, usually densely so below, with eglandular multicellular hairs. Calyx glabrous or pubescent outside, always pubescent inside. Plant common in steppes, on steppe slopes and alpine grasslands. This series also includes the southern European species L. italica Trev., which is not represented in our flora. The reference of S.S. Stankov (1949) to the discovery of L. italica Trev. in USSR near Saratov is doubt- ful. L. italica Trev. is found only in the European Alps. M.I. Kotov col- lected from the Izmail Region (in a park) a Linaria specimen similar to L. italica Trev. and named it L. bessarabica Kotov. [Bot. zhurn. Akad. Nauk SSSR, XI, 4 (1954) 78]. 13. L. biebersteinii Bess. Enum. pl. Volh. (1822) 25, s. str. —Antirrhi- num linaria M.B. FI. taur.-cauc. II (1808) 75, non L.; Chav. Monogr. 125. —Ic.: Rchb. Ic. pl. crit. 20, tab. 624, 625; Sorn. rast. SSSR, IV, 108. Perennial. Stem 30-55 cm tall, erect, simple, rarely branched, usually densely pubescent above with crispate, long, multicellular hairs. Leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acuminate, pubescent, thick, 1 or 3 veined, 198 176 with somewhat recurved margins, 2.5-5.5 cm long, (3)4—6 mm broad. Flowers in rather dense 6-15 cm long inflorescences. Pedicels 3—5(7) mm long, covered with long eglandular hairs. Bracts lanceolate, exceeding pedicels, villous. Calyx papillose-hairy inside and with isolated long hairs outside, calyx teeth narrowly lanceolate, 4-5 mm long, 1.5 mm broad. Corolla bright yellow, with orange patch in throat, 13-16 mm long (ex- cluding spur); upper lip longer than lower, with 2 mm deep sinus; lower lip with rounded and narrow 2.5 mm broad lobes, middle lobe still narrower; spur 8-10 mm long, 2 mm broad at base. Capsule oblong, 8 mm long, 6.7 mm broad. Seeds discoid, with broad membranous margin, tuberculate in center, 2.5 mm in diameter. Flowering from June to July. (Plate VII, fig. 5.) In steppes—European USSR: Middle Dnieper (?), Black Sea Region, Lower Don (southwest), Crimea. Endemic. Described from Podolia. Type in Leningrad. 14. L. ruthenica Blonski in Wszechswiat (1895) 347, confer Borb. in Mag. Bot. Lap. I (1902) 117.—L. italica Trev. and strictissima Schur. Enum. pl. fl. Trans. (1866) 487.—L. vulgaris Fedtsch. Perech. rast. Turk- est. 5 (1913) 81, p.p. non Mill—L. biebersteinii Grossh. Opred. rast. Kavk. (1949) 305, non Bess. (1822).—L. maeotica Klok. in Bot. zhurn. SSSR, XXXIV, 1 (1949) 73.—L. tesquicola Klok. |.c. 74.—Exs.: Fl. Hung exs. No. 466 (quoad pl.). Perennial. Stem 30-65 cm tall, erect, branched or simple above, glabrous, or sparsely hairy in lower part. Leaves linear-lanceolate, usu- ally single-veined, glabrous, 3-5 cm long and 1.5—5 mm broad; upper leaves linear, rather thick. Flowers in lax or somewhat dense, panic- ulate inflorescence. Pedicels 1.5—-3 mm long, glabrous. Bracts linear- lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous. Calyx glabrous outside, papillose-hairy inside, teeth lanceolate, 2.5—3 mm long, glabrous inside. Corolla bright yellow, with orange patch in throat, 9-12 mm long (excluding spur); upper lip exceeding lower, with 2 mm deep sinus; lower lip with narrow and rounded 2 mm broad lobes, middle lobe narrower; spur 5.5—-7 mm long, 1 mm broad at base. Capsule oblong-globose, 6-7 mm long, 506 mm broad. Seeds discoid, with broad membranous margin and somewhat tuberculate in center, 2.5 mm in diameter. June to August. (Plate VII, fig. 3.) In steppes, along steppe river banks.—European USSR: Volga-Kama (south), Middle Dnieper, Volga-Don (south), Trans- Volga Region (south), Black Sea Region, Lower Don, Lower Volga. Caucasus: Dagestan; Soviet Central Asia: Aral-Caspian Region (north); Western Siberia: Upper Tobol Irtysh. General distribution: southeastern Europe. Described from Podolia. Type in Leningrad. 20 = 177 Note. The name L. ruthenica Blonski, used by us here for the common steppe, toadflax, though provisional to a large extent, may be retained until it is Clarified whether this steppe species is splitting up into a series of small species, as suggested by M.V. Klokov, or whether it represents a sin- gle species, perhaps somewhat polymorphic, distributed from Hungarian steppe to Mongolia. 15. L. schelkovanikovii Schischk. ex Grossh. and Schischk. in Sched. ad Herb. Pl. or exs. (1924) 42; Grossh. FI. Kavk. III, 372—L. somchetica Bordz. in Izv. Kievsk. bot. sada, V-VI (1927) 20.—Exs.: Pl. or. exs. No. 169. Perennial. Plant entirely glabrous. Stem 30-50 cm tall, erect, sim- ple or branched above. Leaves, flat, linear or linear-lanceolate, acuminate, with one sharply prominent vein, 3-4 cm long, 2-3 mm broad, with re- curved margins. Flowers in dense spicate 5-12 cm long inflorescence, axis glabrous. Bracts 2-4 mm long, lanceolate, as long as pedicels. Calyx glabrous, lobes oblong, subobtuse, with scarious margin, 4-5 mm long, 1.5 mm broad, pubescent inside. Corolla yellow, 13-15 mm long (ex- cluding spur), with bright orange umbo on lower lip, upper lip shallowly incised, with 2 mm deep sinus, and angular, rounded lobes; lobes of lower lip ligulate; spur curved, 10-12 mm long, 3 mm broad. Capsule globose, 4—5 mm in diameter. Seeds discoid, with broad membranous margin, tu- berculate in center. June to July. On subalpine grasslands. Caucasus: southern Transcaucasia. De- scribed from Armenia. Type in Tbilisi, isotype in Leningrad. Note. In 1947, we published in “Reports” of Akad. Nauk Azer- baijan SSR, vol. III, jointly with R.Ya. Rza-Zade, the new species L. grossheimii Kuprian., similar to L. schelkovnikovii Schischk. Typ- ical specimens were collected from northern slopes, at an altitude of 1500 m, in the Kelbaijar Region of Azerbaijan SSR. We are not in- cluding this species in the present work, since further collections are necessary, as it has been established on the basis of extremely inadequate material. Series 8. Vulgares Klok. in Bot. Zhurn. SSSR, XXXIV, 1 (1949) 75. —Plants glabrous. Inflorescence axis and pedicels sometimes glandular- hairy, calyx wholly glabrous inside. Plants common on grasslands and in river valleys, pine forests, sandbanks, or as weeds. 16. L. vulgaris Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. VIII (1768) No. 1; Ldb. FI. Ross. III, 206; Syreistsch. Ill. fl. Mosk. gub. III, 135; Schmalh. Fi. II, 264; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 37.—L. vulgaris var. communis Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X (1939) 2, 418; Maevsk. Fl. 451—Antirrhinum linaria L. Sp. pl. (1753) 616.—Exs.: GRF, No. 984, No. 3767; Fl. pol. exs. No. 371. 178 Plate VIII. 1. Linaria pontica Kuprian., general appearance of plant, flower, seed; 2. L. genistifolia ~ (L.) Mill., portion of inflorescence, flower; 3. L. syspirensis C. Koch, portion of stem and inflorescence; 4. L. macrophylla Kuprian., portion of stem; 5. L. creticola Kuprian., general appearance of plant, flower, seed; 6. L. cretacea Fisch., general appearance of plant. 202 179 Perennial. Root fusiform or with long trailing shoots. Stems 30-60(90) cm tall, erect, simple or branched densely leafy. Leaves lanceolate-linear or linear, acuminate, with 1, rarely 3 veins and recurved margins, glabrous, 2—5(7) cm long and 2—-4(5) mm broad; upper leaves linear. Flowers in 5—15 cm long dense racemes, axes, pedicels and rarely calyces glandular-hairy, very rarely subglabrous. Pedicels 2-8 mm long. Bracts lanceolate, exceeding or equaling pedicels. Calyx lobes lanceolate, slender-acuminate, mostly glabrous or with a few glands on outer side, glabrous inside, 3 mm long and 2 mm broad. Corolla yellow, with bright orange umbo on lower lip, 15-18 mm long (excluding spur); upper lip much exceeding lower lip, with 2.5-3 mm deep sinus, lower lip with rounded lobes, 5 mm broad, middle lobe narrower; spur broad-conical, curved, 12-15 mm long, 2.5—3 mm broad at base, bright yellow. Capsule oblong-elliptical, 9-11 mm long, 6-7 mm broad; seeds discoid with broad membranous margin, tuberculate in center. Flowering from June to August. (Plate VII, fig. 4.) A very common plant near ditches, in wastelands, fields, among crops and growing in pine forests and also on sandbanks in forest areas.—Arctic zone: Arctic Europe; European USSR: Karelia-Lapland, Ladoga-IImen, Dvina-Pechora, Upper Dnieper, Upper Volga, Volga-Kama, Middle Dnieper, Volga-Don, Trans-Volga Region, Bessarabia, Black Sea Region, Lower Don (rare); Western Siberia: Ob’ Region, Upper Tobol, Altai (rare); Soviet Far East: Ussuri (introduced). General distribution: Scandinavia, Atlantic and Central Europe. Described from Western Eu- rope. Type in London. Note. A somewhat polymorphic plant, varying in the nature of the inflorescences and leaves and their width. Significantly different are the plants of this species growing in sandy areas of pine forests, which have narrower leaves and a distinctive root system. Their primary root is usu- ally weakly developed and penetrates the soil to a depth of no more than 2-5 cm, where it develops two lateral roots, spreading horizontally. L. vul- garis Mill. s. str. growing as a weed in cultivated fields usually has a well-developed primary root. 17. L. acutiloba Fisch. ex Rchb. Ic. pl. crit. V (1827) 14, f. 611; Lhd. FI. alt. I, 444; Kuprian. in Tr. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, I, 9, 47.—L. vulgaris O. and B. Fedtsch. Perech. rast. Turkest. 5 (1913) 81, p-p. non Mill.—L. vulgaris var. latifolia Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X (1939) 2418. —Exs.: GRF, No. 3786. Perennial. Plant glabrous, bluish gray. Stem generally simple, ascend- ing, 25—40(50) cm tall, densely leafy right up to inflorescence. Leaves 3-veined, rarely single-veined, large, broad, lanceolate, somewhat broad- ened in upper part, 3-5 cm long, 0.5—1.5 cm broad, gradually tapering or 203 180 rather short-acuminate. Flowers in terminal dense inflorescence. Pedicels 3-5(6) mm long, glabrous. Bracts lanceolate, equaling pedicels or, rarely, somewhat shorter. Calyx lobes ovate-lanceolate, glabrous within and out- side, 3 mm long, 2—2.5 mm broad. Corolla yellow, with bright orange blurred patch in throat, 12-16 mm long (excluding spur); upper lip with 2 mm deep sinus, lower lip with broad rounded lobes; spur broad-conical, curved, 2-3 mm broad at base. Capsule oblong-globose, 8-9 mm long, 7 mm broad. Seeds discoid, with broad membranous margin and tubercu- late in center. July. In pastures and river valleys.—Arctic zone: Arctic Europe; Western Siberia: Ob’ Region, Irtysh, Altai; Eastern Siberia: Yenisey, Dauria (as far as Yablonovy Mountains), Lena-Kolyma. Endemic? Described from Dauriya from plants grown from seeds sent to Rechenbach by Fisher. Type in Leningrad. Note. Distinguished from L. vulgaris Mill. by the complete absence of glandular pubescence on the inflorescence axis, pedicels and calyces, the broader, obovate calyx lobes and the much broader leaves, somewhat expanded in the upper part. 18. L. melampyroides Kuprian. in Tr. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, I, 9 (1950) 68.—L. vulgaris Kom. and Al. Opred. rast. Dal’nevost. kr. II (1932) 918, non L. Perennial. Stem ascending, rarely erect, 20—80(50) cm tall, branched, sparsely leafy. Leaves linear-lanceolate, single-veined, 3-6 cm long and 3-5 mm broad, upper leaves linear, almost whorled. Flowers in lax, usu- ally few-flowered inflorescences terminating stems. Pedicels 24 mm long, glabrous. Calyx glabrous inside, lobes lanceolate, subobtuse, 3 mm long, 1.5 mm broad. Corolla pale yellow, with bright violet throat, 13-15 mm long (excluding spur); upper lip much exceeding lower, with 3 mm deep sinus; lower lip with broad, rounded lobes, middle lobe much narrower; spur 8-10 mm long, 2 mm broad at base. Capsule oblong-globose, 7 mm broad, 8 mm long. Seeds discoid, with broad membranous margin, tuber- culate in center. July—early August. On sandy river banks and grasslands——Eastern Siberia: Dauria (east); Soviet Far East: Zeya-Bureya, Ussuri, Uda Region, Endemic. Described from Trans-Baikal Region. Type in Leningrad. Note. L. melampyroides Kuprian. apparently is a hybrid species, combining features of its ancestors L. acutiloba Fisch. and L. japonica Mig. It is distributed over an extensive area, covering almost the whole of Buryat-Mongolia and Primorski District, at the same time retaining the entire combination of features, thereby compelling us to consider L. melampyroides as a separate species. 204 181 Subsection 2. Laeves Kuprian.—Seeds discoid with broad membra- nous margin, smooth. Series 9. Popovianae Kuprian——Corolla yellow or yellow and brown; upper lip narrow, almost as long as lower; lobes of lower lip narrow, oblong-lanceolate; spur broad, straight. Leaves linear or filiform-linear. Plant common on rocky mountain slopes of Soviet Central Asia. 19. L. popovit Kuprian. in Tr. Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, I, 4 (1937) 319.—L. ambigua M. Pop. ex Baranov in Zhurn. Turkest. otd. Russk. Geogr. Obsch. XVII (1924-1925) 3, nomen, non Hult. (1853). Perennial. Plant glabrous, glaucescent. Stems 5—6, erect or ascend- ing, (15)40-80 cm tall, generally branched above. Leaves all flat, lin- ear or linear-lanceolate; gradually tapering, with 1 or 3 veins, 3-5 cm long and 1.5-6 mm broad, erect or appressed to stem. Inflorescences lax, often paniculate, 5-15 cm long. Pedicels 1.5-2 mm long. Bracts equaling pedicels or a little shorter, lanceolate or lanceolate-linear. Ca- lyx glabrous; lobes lanceolate-linear, 2 mm long, 1—-1.5 mm broad. Corolla 10-14 mm long (excluding spur); yellow, with dirty brown or cinnamon brown lips, very rarely uniformly yellow; lower lip al- most equaling upper, with 1-2.5 mm broad lobes; corolla tube 5-7 mm broad; upper lip 4 mm broad, short, with acuminate lobes, and 2 mm deep sinus; spur curved, 5-6(8) mm long. Capsule globose, 6 mm in diameter. Seeds smooth, with broad, margin. July to August. (Plate IX, fig. 1.) Rocky steppe regions, juniper forests at altitudes of 2400-2800 m. Soviet Central Asia: Amu Darya, Syr Darya, Pamiro-Alai (up to Trans-Alai Range). Endemic. Described from Kugitang. Type in Tashkent. 20. L. sessilis Kuprian. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR XI (1949) 162; in Tr. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, I, 9, 47. Perennial. Root fusiform. Plant bluish gray. Stems numerous, ascend- ing, densely leafy. Leaves narrowly linear, semicylindrical, 2-3 cm long, 1-2.5 mm broad; lowermost leaves flat, fleshy. Flowers in short, rather compact or sometimes lax inflorescences, upper flowers sessile, lower sub- sessile. Bracts exceeding pedicels. Calyx glabrous, lobes oblong, subob- tuse, 2-3(3-5) mm long, 1.5 mm broad. Corolla bright yellow, without spots in throat, 12-13 mm long (excluding spur); tube inflated, broad; upper lip scarcely longer than lower, with 1.5 mm deep sinus; lobes of lower lip narrow; spur almost straight, 5—8(10) mm long, 1-1.5 mm broad at base. Capsule globose, 6 mm in diameter. Seeds with broad membranous margin, smooth, 3.5 mm long, 2.5 mm broad. July to August. (Plate IX, fig. 2.) 205 182 In rubbly alpine regions at altitudes of 3600-4000 m. Soviet Cen- tral Asia: Pamiro-Alai (eastern Pamirs). Endemic. Described from western Hissar Range. Type in Leningrad. Note. L. sessilis nob. is very similar to L. popovii nob., but distin- guished by a uniformly yellow corolla, narrow, linear, fleshy leaves and a smaller plant size. Series 10. Kokanicae Kuprian—Corolla lilac or brownish lilac; upper lip narrow, almost as long as lower; lobes of lower lip narrow, oblong- lanceolate; spur rather short, straight. Leaves linear; lower leaves lanceo- late or ovate. Plant common on calcareous or rocky mountain slopes of Soviet Central Asia. 21. L. kokanica Rgl. in A.P. Fedchenko, Putesh. v Turkest. No. 18 (1881) 60; O. and B. Fedtsch. Perech. rast. Turkest. 5, 81.—Exs.: Edit. Hort. Bot. Petri Magni, No. 90. Perennial. Plant glabrous, green or glaucescent. Stem ascending, 15-20 cm tall, branched from base. Leaves all broad, ovate to lanceolate, rarely narrowly lanceolate, flat, 3-veined, 2—3.5 cm long, 0.5—-1(2) cm broad, gradually narrowed toward base and apex. Flowers in dense com- pact terminal 2-5 cm long racemes. Pedicels very short, 1.5 mm long, reaching 3 mm in fruit. Bracts exceeding pedicels, lanceolate or linear- lanceolate. Calyx glabrous, lobes subobtuse, linear-lanceolate, 4-5 mm long, 1.5 mm broad. Corolla 15-18 mm long (excluding spur); lower lip brownish lilac, with orange patch in throat; and narrow, up to 2.5 mm long lobes, corolla tube yellow, 5—7 mm across; upper lip narrow, brownish- lilac, almost as long as lower, with 2.5 mm deep sinus; spur slender, curved, 5—8 mm long and 1.5 mm broad at base. Capsule globose, 7 mm in diameter. Seeds similar to those of the preceding species. April to May. (Plate IX, fig. 4.) Pebbly steppe, talus. Soviet Central Asia: Syr Darya. Endemic. De- scribed from Kokand. Type in Leningrad. 22. L. kulabensis B. Fedtsch. in Fedde, Repert. X (1912) 380; Perech. rast. Turkest. 5, 82—-L. fastigiata B. Fedtsch. l.c. non Chav.—L. bald- schuanica B. Fedtsch. |.c. nomen. Perennial. Plant glabrous, glaucescent. Stem ascending, 25-35 cm tall, branched in middle and upper parts. Lower leaves broadly lanceo- late; upper lanceolate, 3-veined, 3-5 cm long, 7-15 mm broad, gradually tapering. Flowers crowded in paniculate inflorescence. Bracts lanceolate, shorter than or as long as 1.5—2 mm pedicels. Calyx glabrous, lobes sub- obtuse, lanceolate-linear 2-5 mm long, 1.5 mm broad. Corolla large (color not known), 12-13 mm long (excluding spur); lower lip with 3 narrow ~ lobes, 1.5 mm broad; middle lobe slightly narrower; upper lip almost as 183 long as lower, with 1.5 mm deep sinus; spur 6—9 mm long and 1.5 mm broad at base. Capsule globose, 6 mm in diameter. Seeds smooth, with broad, membranous margin. August. Soviet Central Asia: Pamiro-Alai. Endemic. Described from Kulyab. Type in Leningrad. 23. L. hepatica Bge. in Ldb. Ic. pl. Fl. Ross. I (1829) tab. 91; FI. alt. II, 445; Chav. Monogr. 134; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2421.—L. macroura . hepatica (Bge.) Benth. in DC. Prodr. X (1846) 273; O. and B. Fedtsch. Perech. rast. Turkest. 5, 83. Perennial. Plant glabrous, glaucescent, rarely green. Stem ascending, 15-—20(40) cm tall, branched from base. Lower leaves broadly lanceolate or linear lanceolate, flat, 3-veined, 4-5 cm long, 0.5—2(4) cm broad; upper leaves linear or filiform. Flowers 2-9, regularly spaced in lax 5-15 cm long inflorescence. Pedicels 3-5 mm long, elongated in fruit. Bracts slightly shorter than or equaling pedicels. Calyx glabrous, lobes fleshy, 1.5—2.5 mm long and about 2 mm broad, ovate or oblong-elliptical. Corolla large, 13-15 mm long (excluding spur); lower lip brownish violet with orange patch in throat; corolla tube light yellow, 6-8 mm broad; upper lip also brownish violet, almost equaling lower, with about 3 mm deep sinus; spur slender, straight, 7-10 mm long and 1.5 mm broad at base. Cap- sule somewhat globose or ellipsoid, slightly elongated, 7.5-10 mm long and 6-8 mm in diameter. Seeds black, smooth, with broad, membranous margin, 2.5 mm broad, 3 mm long. June. On rocky and rubbly mountain slopes——Western Siberia: Altai moun- tains (south); Soviet Central Asia: Dzh.-Tarbagatai (Tarbagatai and north- eastern part of Semipalatinsk Province). Described from Kurchum River. Type in Paris. Series 11. Praecoces Klok. in mss.—Corolla lilac, 10-15 mm long; upper lip much longer than lower; lobes of lower lip broad, ovate; spur slender, curved. Plants common on stony and pebbly slopes and sands of Soviet Central Asia. 24. L. bungei Kuprian. in Tr. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR I, 2 (1936) 298; Pavlov, Fl. tsentr. Kazakhst. III, 135; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2421. —L. praecox Bge. in Ldb. Ic. pl. Fl. Ross. V (1834) tab. 431; Fl. alt. II, 446, non Hoffmg. and Link (1809); Chav. Monogr. 135. Perennial. Stems ascending, 3-4, with a few vegetative shoots, 30-35 cm tall, generally simple or rarely with one or two vegetative branches. Leaves narrowly linear or filiform, 3.5-4.5 cm long and 1.5—2 mm broad; densely arranged in lower part of stem, regularly spaced in upper part, upper leaves semicylindrical, ribbed. Flowers in lax 6-10 cm long, 5—16-flowered inflorescences. Pedicels 3—5 mm long. 207 184 Bracts 1.5-3 mm long. Calyx glandular-hairy, lobes lanceolate, subob- tuse, 3 mm long, 1.5 mm broad. Corolla lilac-colored, spur and tube pale lilac, with fine dark veins, lips deep lilac, throat with orange patch, corolla 10-12 mm long (excluding spur); lobes of lower lip narrow, 1 mm broad, middle lobe slightly narrower than lateral ones; upper lip bifid, with 1.5 mm deep sinus; spur slender, 10 mm long, 1 mm broad at base, slightly curved. Capsule globose, 5-6 mm in diameter. Seeds black, with membranous margin, 2 mm long, 1 mm broad. April to May. (Plate IX, fig. 6.) On rubbly mountain slopes. Western Siberia: Altai Mountains. En- demic. Described from Altai Range. Type in Leningrad. 25. L. transiliensis Kuprian. in Tr. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, I, 9 (1950) 69.—L. odora 6. violacea Ldb. Fl. Ross. III (1847-1894) 208. Perennial. Stem ascending, with a few vegetative shoots at base, (30)40-50 cm tall, branched. Leaves linear, flat, 3—5 cm long, (1.5)2-6 mm broad. Inflorescence terminal, lax, 6-10 cm long, 5—16-flowered. Pedicels 3-5 mm long. Bracts equaling or shorter than pedicels. Calyx glabrous or with isolated- hairs at base, lobes ovate or lanceolate, subobtuse, 3 mm long, 1.5-2 mm broad. Corolla lilac, 13-15 mm long (excluding spur); lobes of lower lip narrow, rounded, 2-3 mm broad, middle lobe much narrower than lateral ones; upper lip bifid, with 2-5 mm deep sinus; spur long, long tapering (11)12-15 mm long and 2 mm broad at base. Cap- sule globose, 5-6 mm in diameter. Seeds smooth with broad membranous margin. Flowering from second half of May to June. (Plate IX, fig. 7.) On steppe mountain slopes, in clayey soils and chernozem or on rubbly slopes in forest zone.—Soviet Central Asia: Dzh.-Tarbagatai, Tien Shan. Endemic. Described from Trans-Ili Ala-Tau. Type in Leningrad. 26. L. ramosa (Kar. and Kir.) Kuprian. comb. nov.—L. praecox p. ramosa Kar. and Kir. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XV (1842) 145.—Exs:.: Kar. and Kir. l.c. No. 1785. Perennial. Stems 35-40 cm tall, numerous, profusely branched, branches erect in middle and above. Leaves narrowly linear or filiform- linear, 3-4 cm long, 1.5-2 mm broad, semicylindrical, ribbed, regularly spaced inflorescence terminal, few-flowered, rather long, lax. Pedicels 2.5 mm long, elongated in fruit. Bracts 2 mm long, usually not longer than pedicels, sometimes equaling them. Calyx entirely glabrous, lobes fleshy, 2 mm long and 1 mm broad, subobtuse. Corolla uniformly lilac with only a light yellowish tinge in throat, (10)12-13 mm long (excluding spur); lobes of lower lip narrow, 2—2.5 mm broad, middle lobe almost equaling them; upper lip bifid, with 15-2 mm ‘deep sinus; spur very slender, 10 mm long. Capsule globose, 5 mm in diameter. Seeds black, 208 185 shiny, with broad membranous margin, 3 mm long. Flowering in June, early July. On sandy hillocks. Soviet Central Asia: Balkhash Region (sands in Muyunkum and Balkhash regions). Endemic. Described from Dzhungaria. Type in Moscow. Isotype in Leningrad. Note. Hybridizes with L. pedicellata along the shores of Lake Balkhash. Series 12. Odorae Klok. mss.—Stems branched from base. Corolla yellow, 5-10 mm long; spur conical or slightly curved, 4-9 mm long. Inflorescence short. Plant common on rubbly slopes, in sandy areas of pine forests, sandy channel beds and dunes. 27. L. altaica Fisch. in Ldb. FI. alt. II (1630) [sic] 448; Kuprian. in Tr. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, I, 2, 29; Pavlov, Fl. tsentr. Kaza- khst. III, 136; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2420, p.p.—L. odora Korsh. Tent. Fl. Ross. or. (1898) 310. non Fisch.—L. odora a. major Krylov, Fl. alt. TV (1907) 927.—L. uralensis Kotov in Bot. zhurn. Akad Nauk USSR, III, 3-4 (1946) 26. Perennial. Plant glabrous, Stems 15—20(30) cm tall, numerous or often solitary, ascending, branched in lower part, rather densely leafy. Leaves 4-6(11) mm apart, linear, 3.5-4 cm long and 1-1.5(2) mm broad, fleshy, semicylindrical, ribbed at base, subobtuse. Inflorescence lax, 2.5-5 cm long, 2-8-flowered. Pedicels mostly 5-7 mm long (very rarely 3 mm). Calyx subglabrous, with isolated glandular hairs at base and along margins of lobes. Corolla light yellow, (8)9-10 mm long; with two orange stripes in throat; spur slender, pointed, straight or slightly curved, 8-9 mm long. Capsule globose or slightly elongated, 4 mm in diameter. Seeds smooth, with membranous margin, 2 mm long. June. Western Siberia: Upper Tobol (southern Urals, Ulutau, Mugodzhary), Altai Mountains. Endemic. Described from Altai Range. Type in Leningrad. 28. L. dolichocarpa Klok. sp. nov. in Addenda XXI, 818. Perennial. Stems 20-50 cm tall, solitary or 2-3, branched from base; branches erect, spreading. Leaves linear-filiform, semicylindrical, ribbed, 20-50 mm long, 1 mm broad. Flowers in lax 2—5 cm long racemes, ter- minating almost every branch. Pedicels 2-3 mm long. Bracts as long as or slightly shorter than pedicels. Calyx glabrous, lobes linear, slightly tapering, 1.5—2 mm long, 1 mm broad. Corolla 8-9(10) mm long (exclud- ing spur); lobes of lower lip rounded; middle lobe 1.5 mm broad, lateral ones 2 mm broad; upper lip straight, with 2 mm deep sinus; spur straight or slightly curved, (6)7—8 mm long. Capsule oblong-ovoid, 6 mm long, 209 186 3-4 mm broad. Seeds discoid, with broad margin, 3 mm long. Flowering from June to first half of July. Channel sandbanks, sometimes pine forests. Western Siberia: Tobol; Soviet Central Asia: Aral-Caspian region (northeastern section). Endemic. Described from northeastern Kazakhstan. Type in Leningrad. 29. L. odora (M.B.) Fisch. in Cat. hort. Gorenk. (1812) 25, nom.; Chav. Monogr. 136; Fl. Yugo-Vost. VI, 196.—L. juncea Rchb. PI. crit. V (1827) 15.—Antirrhinum odorum M.B. FI. taur.-cauc. II (1808) 414. —A. junceum Pall. Reise, III (1773) 541, Anh. 862; Bobler in Pall. N. nord. Beitr. VI, 263, non L.—A. monspessulanum Georgi, Beschr. Russ. Reich. III, 5 (1800) 1106, non L. Perennial. Plant glabrous, or with soft bluish gray bloom. Stem 15-40 cm tall, ascending, with numerous, more or less erect branches. Leaves linear-filiform, 15-40 mm long, 1 mm broad, semicylindrical, ribbed, 1-3 cm apart. Flowers in short, lax 2-5 cm long racemes, termi- nating most branches. Pedicels short, 1.5—3 mm long. Bracts 2—2.5 mm long. Calyx glabrous, 1.5—2 mm long, lobes fleshy, lanceolate, acuminate, subobtuse in fruit. Corolla 6-8 mm long (excluding spur), light yellow; lower lip more or less flat; lateral lobes ovate, middle much narrower; upper lip bifid; spur short, very slender, 5 mm long, conical, generally straight. Capsule more or less ellipsoid, 5—6(7) mm long, 3-4 mm broad. Seeds 3 mm long, discoid, with broad membranous margin. Flowering May to July. On sandy river beds—European USSR: Lower Volga; Western Siberia: Upper Tobol. Endemic. Described from Lower Volga. Type in Leningrad. 30. L. dulcis Klok. in Bot. zhurn. SSSR, XXXIV, 1 (1949) 71; Kuprian. in Tr. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, I, 9 (1950) 48.—L. odora Schmalh. Fl. Yugo-Zap. Ross (1886) 429, p.p. non Chav.—Exs.: GRF, No. 577. Perennial. Plant glabrous, glaucescent, stem 15—30(45) cm tall, as- cending, profusely branched, branches spreading, lower ones procumbent. Leaves linear-filiform; lower leaves linear, 15-40 mm long, 1—2.5 mm broad, semicylindrical, ribbed, lowermost fleshy, flat. Flowers in lax 2-5 cm long racemes, terminating most branches. Pedicels 1-5 mm long. Bracts 1-3(5) mm long. Calyx glabrous, 2—2.5 mm long, lobes fleshy, pointed. Corolla 7-8 mm long (excluding spur); middle lobe of lower lip 2.5—3 mm long, 2—2.5 mm broad, lateral lobes as long, but 2.5—-3.5 mm ‘broad; middle lobe much narrower than lateral ones; upper lip 2.5—3.5 mm long, with 1.5—2 mm deep sinus between lobes; spur straight, taper- ing, 56.5 mm long. Capsule globose or globose-pyriform, 3(4)-5 mm 210 187 in diameter. Seeds 3 mm long, discoid, with broad membranous margin. June to August. On sandy riverbed terraces. European USSR: Black Sea Region, Lower Don, Middle Dnieper, Volga-Don, Endémic. Described from Ukraine. Type in Leningrad. Note. Very similar to preceding species, from which it is distinguished only by the length of the spar and the width of the leaf. Both species are also ecologically very close. 31. L. loeselii Schweig. in Konigl. Arch. I (1812) 228; Lorek, FI. Pruss. ed. 3, 150, f. 800; Kuprian. in Tr. Bot. inst. I, 9, 48. —L. maritima Rchb. Fl. exc. (1830) 375, non DC. (1808). Perennial. Stem stout, solitary, ascending, branching only in upper part; up to 40 cm tall. Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, acuminate, flat, rather thick, up to 5 cm long and 4 mm broad. Inflorescence 2-12 cm long, 2—16-flowered. Pedicels thickened, 5~7 mm long. Bracts variable: shorter, equaling or, sometimes, even exceeding pedicels. Calyx 3.5 mm long, glabrous; lobes oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, somewhat thickened. Corolla yellow, 8-10 mm long (excluding spur); spur short, 4.5-5(6) mm long, curved. Capsule 6-7 mm long and 4 mm broad. July to August. On coastal sand dunes——European USSR: Baltic Region (Kaliningrad Region, Latvia, Lithuania). Endemic? Described from Prussia. Type in Berlin? 32. L. brachyceras (Bge.) Kuprian. in Tr. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR I, 9 (1950) 48.—L. loeselii -~. brachyceras Bge. in Ldb. FI. alt. II (1830) 448.—L. odora (3. brachyceras Ldb. Fl. Ross. III (1847-1849) 208.—L. odora (M.B.) Chav. ssp. brachyceras Kuprian. in Tr. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, I, 2 (1936) 296; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2421. Perennial. Stem 15(20)-45 cm tall, solitary, profusely branched from base; branches erect, densely leafy. Leaves linear-filiform, semicylindrical, ribbed, 25-50 mm long and 2.5 mm broad. Flowers 2—3(5) in short lax racemes. Pedicels 5-6 mm long. Bracts linear, 1.5—2 mm long and 1 mm broad. Calyx lobes linear, acuminate, 1.5-2 mm long and 1 mm broad. Corolla 8—10 mm long (excluding spur); lobes of lower lip rounded; middle lobe 1 mm broad, lateral 2 mm broad; upper lip straight, with 2.5 mm deep sinus; spur short, straight, 4-5 mm long. Capsule globose. Seeds similar to preceding species. July. In pine forest sand banks.—Western Siberia: Irtysh (along Irtysh River). Endemic. Described from Irtysh sands. Type in Leningrad. Series 13. Dolichocerates Kuprian—Stems branched only in upper part. Leaves regularly spaced. Corolla 10-15 mm long; spur slender, curved, 7-12 mm long. Inflorescences elongated. Plant common on coastal, 211 188 slightly saline sandy and limestone areas of the Mangyshlak Peninsula and rocky mountain slopes of Central Kopet-Dag. 33. L. dolichoceras Kuprian. in Tr. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, I, 2 (1936) 298 and I, 9 (1950) 49; Pavlov FI. tsentr. Kazakhst. II, 136; Maevsk. FI. ed. 8, 452. Perennial. Stems tall, up to 55 cm, ascending, poorly branched or unbranched, numerous, rarely solitary. Leaves narrowly linear, slightly fleshy, somewhat flat, 3-6 cm long, 1—1.5(2.5) mm broad, widely spaced, 1.5—4 cm apart. Inflorescence lax, 3-14 cm long. Pedicels short. Calyx 3.54 mm long, glabrous, lobes lanceolate, acuminate. Corolla light yel- low, 10-11 mm long (excluding spur); spur long, slender 7-10 mm long, 4 mm broad. Seeds discoid with membranous margin, 3 mm long and 2.5 mm broad. May to June. In sandy regions.—European USSR: Lower Volga; Soviet Central Asia: Aral-Caspian Region. Endemic. Described from Lower Volga. Type in Leningrad. 34. L. leptoceras Kuprian. in Tr. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, I, 2 (1936) 299, and I, 9 (1950) 49. Perennial. Plant glabrous, glaucescent, 10—-40(45) cm tall, Stems ascending, branched above or from base, branches spreading. Leaves 5-20 mm long, 1.5—2.5 mm broad, more or less appressed to stem, linear- lanceolate or lanceolate, acute, midrib prominent on lower surface. Flowers 2-12, on short, 1.5—-2(3) mm long pedicels, 6-17 mm apart, in 5-8 cm long inflorescence. Calyx 3—3.5 mm long, subglabrous, lobes oblong- elliptical, acuminate, Corolla yellow, with orange patch in throat; tube with very fine, dark stripes; spur slender, curved, pointed 9-10(12) mm long. Capsule globose, 5 mm in diameter. Seeds discoid, with scarious margin, 3 mm long, 2.5 mm broad. Flowering from May to June. On calcareous and stony slopes.—Soviet Central Asia: Aral-Caspian Region (Mangyshlak Peninsula). Endemic. Described from Mangyshlak Peninsula. Type in Leningrad. 35. L. pedicellata Kuprian. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, XI (1949) 161; in Tr. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, I, 9, 49. Perennial. Plant glabrous, glaucescent. Stems 20-35 cm tall, 2-3, branched or simple. Leaves fleshy, widely spaced, lower leaves linear, upper filiform, semicylindrical) Flowers 5-7 in lax 5-10 cm long inflo- rescence. Pedicels of lower flowers 4—5 mm long; upper shorter, 2-3 mm long. Bracts equaling pedicels. Calyx glabrous, lobes lanceolate, fleshy, 2.5—3 mm long, 1.5 mm broad. Corolla yellow, with orange spots in throat, 15-17 mm long (excluding spur); lateral lobes of lower lip 3-4 mm broad 212 189 acute, middle narrow, 2 mm broad; upper lip with sinus up to 3 mm deep; corolla tube 6 mm broad; spur slender, acuminate, 10-12 mm long. Capsule globose, 5 mm in diameter. Seeds black, shining, with broad membranous margin. Flowering from April to May. Fruiting June. (Plate fig. 3.) On sandy hillocks.—Soviet Central Asia: Balkhash Region. Endemic. Described from the Balkhash Region. Type in Leningrad. 36. L. striatella Kuprian. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, XI (1949) 160; in Tr. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, I, 9, 49. Perennial. Plant slender, glaucescent. Stems 3-4, 25-45 cm tall, as- cending, branched, sparsely leafy. Leaves linear-filiform, 2—3.5 cm long, 1 mm broad, slightly ribbed. Inflorescence lax, 3-10 flowered. Pedicels 2.5-3(5) mm long. Bracts linear, equaling or slightly shorter than pedicels. Calyx glabrous or with sparse, short, glandular hairs; lobes somewhat fleshy, linear, subobtuse, 3 mm long. Corolla 7-12 mm long (excluding spur), pale yellow, with fine blue veins; lobes of lower lip oblong-ovate, rounded, 3 mm broad, densely pilose in throat with golden orange spots; upper lip exceeding lower lip, with 1—-1.5 mm deep sinus; spur slender, 10 mm long. Capsule globose or ellipsoid, 6 mm long and 5 mm broad. Seeds smooth, with broad membranous margin, 3 mm long, 2 mm broad. July (Plate IX, fig. 5.) On stony and rubbly slopes—Soviet Central Asia: mountainous Turkmenia (Kopet-Dag). Endemic. Described from Kopet-Dag. Type in Leningrad. Series 14. Rupestres Kuprian—Leaves whorled, linear-lanceolate, flat. Calyx lobes slender, scaly, calyx and pedicels glandular hairy. Corolla yellow, 17 mm long (excluding spur). Plant common on stony mountain slopes of the Caucasus. The one species here is endemic to the Daryal Ravine. Bentham as- signed this species to the western Mediterranean section Supinae. L. meyeri is closest to the species of the series Macrourae because of the pubescence of the thin scaly calyx lobes, very similar corolla and alternate leaves. If L. meyeri is referred to section Supinae, all species of series Macrourae should also be shifted. However, at present we have not decided to do so. 37. L. meyerit Kuprian. in Tr. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, I, 9 (1950) 50.—L. rupestris C.A. Mey. Verz. Pflanz. Cauc. Casp. Meer. (1831) 110, non Guss. 1828; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 212; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. I, 371. Perennial. Plant glabrous, glaucescent. Stems 10—15 cm tall, slen- der, 3-5 or more, ascending, branched. Leaves alternate, regularly spaced, flat, linear, rarely narrowly lanceolate with prominent midrib, 2-3 cm 215 191 long and 2—5 mm broad. Flowers in lax terminal racemes. Bracts lance- olate to ovate-lanceolate, equaling pedicels or shorter. Pedicels and ca- lyx glandular-hairy. Calyx lobes ovate, subobtuse, with scarious margin. Corolla yellow, 7 mm long (excluding spur); upper lip slightly longer than the lower, sinuate, with rounded lobes; lower lip with orange spots in throat, and broad, rounded lobes; spur curved, 10-12 mm long, 1.5—-2 mm broad at base. Capsule oblong-globose. Seeds discoid, with broad mem- branous margin, smooth. July. On steep stony slopes at 1700-1950 m altitudes. Caucasus: Ciscau- casia. Endemic. Described from Daryal Ravine. Type in Leningrad. Series 15. Macrourae Kuprian.—Calyx with slender scaly lobes, cov- ered with glandular and simple hairs. Corolla yellow or lilac, with blue veins. Leaves linear or filiform-linear, flat or semicylindrical. Plant com- mon on stony open spaces and steppes. 38. L. debilis Kuprian. in Sov. bot. (1936) 4, 115; Pavlov, FI. tsentr. Kazakhst. III, 134.—L. loeselii a. minor Ldb. FI. alt. II (1830) 447.—L. macroura Korsh. Tent. Fl. Ross. or. (1898) 309, p.p. non M.B.—L. altaica Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X (1939) 2420, p.p., non Fisch. Perennial. Plant slender, short, glaucescent. Stem solitary, ascend- ing, sometimes branched at base, 10—18(20) cm tall, densely leafy in lower part. Leaves acicular, sometimes on same side, filiform-linear, fleshy, upper surface ribbed, lower keeled; lower leaves 4-7 mm long, subobtuse, upper 2.5-4 cm long and 1 mm broad, acuminate. Inflo- rescence lax, 2-5 flowered, terminating stem. Bracts 1.5-2 mm long, linear-lanceolate. Pedicels 2-3 mm long, glandular-hairy, as also inflores- cence axis. Calyx 4-5 mm long; lobes oblong, subacute, 1.5—2 mm broad. Corolla yellow, with fine bluish stripes; spur slightly curved, 12-16 mm long, 4—6 mm broad; upper lip 9 mm long and 7 mm broad in upper part. Capsule globose, 6 mm in diameter. Seeds 2 mm long and 1.5 mm broad, smooth. Stony steppes.—Western Siberia: Upper Tobol (eastern slopes of southern Urals). Altai Mountains (Chuisk steppe). Described from the Ural area. Type in Leningrad. Plate IX. 1. Linaria popovii Kuprian., general appearance of plant, flower, leaf, portion of inflorescence;—2. L. sessilis Kuprian., general appearance of plant, leaf;—3. L. pedicellata Kuprian., inflorescence, flower;—4. L. kokanica Rgl., general appearance of plant, flower;—5. L. striatella Kuprian., portion of stem with inflorescence, flower, seed;—6. L. bungei Kuprian., portion of stem with inflorescence, flower, calyx lobe;—7. L. transiliensis Kuprian., portion of stem with inflorescence, flower, calyx lobe. 216 192 39. L. incompleta Kuprian. in Sov. bot. (1936) 4, 114; Pavlov. FI. tsentr. Kazakhst. III, 135; Maevsk. Fl. 452; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2419; Grossh. Opred. rast. Kavk. 306.—L. macroura a. simplex Ldb. FI. alt. I (1830) 446.—L. macroura auct. FI. ural., aralo-casp., alt. non M.B. Perennial. Plant glaucescent, with vegetative shoots. Stems numerous, erect, 25-30 cm tall, densely leafy in lower part. Leaves fleshy, linear- filiform, 2.5—5 cm long, 2 cm [mm] broad, ribbed, lower leaves somewhat flat. Inflorescence underdeveloped, only 3-7 flowers developing. Pedicels 2 mm long, sparsely glandular-hairy, as also inflorescence axis. Calyx 5 mm long, glandular-hairy (or glabrous), lobes unequal, the broadest elliptical, the rest oblong, all subacute, 4 mm long, 2—3 mm broad. Corolla yellow with fine bluish stripes and orange spots in throat, (13)15-18 mm long (excluding spur); spur curved, deep yellow, 15—20 mm long and about 3 mm broad in upper part; corolla tube 7-8 mm long and 6 mm broad; upper lip 12-15 mm long, 8-9 mm broad above. Capsule large, oblong, 8-9 mm long. Seeds smooth, with broad membranous margin, 2.5-3 mm long, 2—2.5 mm broad. June. In steppes, in limestone and marl outcrops——European USSR: Trans- Volga Region, Lower Volga; Caucasus: Ciscaucasia (northern Ossetia), Dagestan; Western Siberia: Upper Tobol, Irtysh; Soviet Central Asia: Aral- Caspian Region (northeastern section), Balkhash Region. Described from Trans-Volga Region. Type in Leningrad. 40. L. macroura (M.B.) Chav. Monogr. (1833) 13; Fedtsch. and Fler. Fl. Evrop. Ross. III, 851; Kuprian. in Sov. Bot. 4, 113; Grossh. Opred. rast. Kavk. 306.—Antirrhinum macrourum M.B. FI. taur.-cauc. III (1819) 413.—L. besseriana Rchb. Ic. pl. crit. V (1827) 623—L. macroura p. besseriana Chav. |.c.—Ic.: M.B. Pl. rar. ross. I, tab. 27. Perennial. Plant glaucescent, with vegetative shoots. Stems erect, soli- tary or few, 35-60 cm tall, 3-4 mm in diameter, sparsely leafy at base. Leaves linear or filiform-linear 3-5 cm long, 1.5—2 cm [mm] broad. Inflo- rescence short, 4—6(10) mm long, compact. Flowers all developing. Calyx 7 mm long, glandular-hairy, lobes unequal, the broadest lobes broadly ovate, the narrowest oblong. Corolla yellow, 18-22 mm long excluding spur, with fine bluish hairs and orange spots in throat; spur 12-16 mm long, straight, conical; corolla tube 5—6 mm long and 7—8(10) mm across; lower lip large, the upper barely exceeding it, 10-13 mm long, 8-9 mm broad in upper part. Capsule oblong, 12-14 mm long, 7-8 mm broad. Seeds smooth, with broad membranous margin, 2.5—3 mm long, 2.5 mm broad. April to May. In steppes.—European USSR: Black Sea Region, Lower Don (west), Crimea; Caucasus: Ciscaucasia (east). Endemic. Described from Crimea. Type in Leningrad. 217 193 41. L. schirvanica Fom. in Izv. Kavk. muz. III (1908) 283; Grossh. FI. Kavk. III, 370.—L. violacea Mey. in herb.—Exs.: Herb. Fl. cauc. No. 389. Perennial. Stem ascending, simple, 20-40 cm tall, densely leafy in lower part. Leaves alternate, linear, fleshy, flat, acuminate, 3-5 cm long and 2-3 mm broad. Inflorescence racemose, up to 10 cm long. Bracts lanceolate-linear, almost equaling pedicels. Pedicels 3-4 mm long. Calyx lobes linear-lanceolate or ovate, 5 mm long, 1.5-2.5 mm broad, scaly, glandular-hairy. Corolla lilac, 15-20 mm long; upper lip deeply sinuate, exceeding lower lip; lower lip erect, orange in throat, with broadly rounded lobes; spur curved, 12 mm long and 1.5 mm broad at base. Capsule oblong-globose, 8 mm long. Seeds discoid, with broad membranous margin, smooth, 3 mm in diameter. May. In steppes.—Caucasus: southern and eastern Transcaucasia. Endemic. Described from Transcaucasia. Type in Tbilisi. 42. L. elymaitica (Boiss.) Kuprian. comb. nov.—L. lineolata #3. elymaitica Boiss. Fl. or. IV (1879) 379.—L. striata Ldb. Fl. Ross. III (1847-1849) 210, p.p. non DC. Perennial. Plant glaucescent. Stem erect, 30-40 cm tall, branched only in upper part. Leaves linear, fleshy. Flowers crowded at ends of branches and main stem, forming short, often capitate inflorescences. Bracts linear, acuminate, equaling or exceeding pedicels. Pedicels 1.5—2 mm long, elon- gated in fruit. Calyx glabrous, lobes slender, narrow, acuminate, with scaly margin, 2 mm long, 1 mm broad. Corolla light yellow, with obscure veins, 8-10 mm long (excluding spur); spur slender, slightly curved, 5-7 mm long; upper lip bifid, with subobtuse lobes; lower lip white pubescent, lat- eral lobes narrow. Capsule globose. Seeds discoid, with broad membranous margin, smooth in center. June. At 1350-1500 m altitudes.—Caucasus: Talysh (Zuvant). General dis- tribution: Iran. Described from Iran. Type in Geneva. Section 3. Versicolores (Benth.) Wettst. in Pflanzenfam. IV, 3 (1895) 59; Benth. in DC. Prodr. I, 275.—Annuals and perennials. Seeds elon- gated, trigonous, 0.5—1 mm long, rugose at angles or coarsely tuberculate. Inflorescence a panicle or spike. Corolla white, sky-blue, lilac or grayish violet. Leaves alternate or whorled. Species of this section are widely represented in the western Mediter- ranean Region. The flora of the USSR includes only six species. 43. L. chalepensis (L.) Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. VIII (1768) No. 12; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 381; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 370.—Antirrhinum chalepense L. Sp. pl. (1753) 617.—Ic.: Sibth. and Sm. FI. gr. tab. 592.—Exs.: Herb. FI. Cauc. No. 243. (sub L. armeniaca Chav.). 218 194 Annual. Plant glabrous, green. Stem ascending, 10-20-35 cm tall. Simple, rarely branched, vegetative shoots with ovate-lanceolate leaves. Lower leaves whorled, linear, 2-5 cm long, 2 mm broad, upper alter- nate. Inflorescence lax. Bracts linear, slender acuminate, equaling pedicels. Pedicels 2-4 mm long. Calyx glabrous, lobes long, patent, longer than tube, S-7 mm long, 1 mm broad, accrescent. Corolla 7 mm long (exclud- ing spur), white, with yellow patch in throat; upper lip equaling lower lip, deeply bilobed; lobes of lower lip rather narrow, ligulate; spur fili- form, curved, slender pointed, 10-12 mm long. Capsule globose, shorter than calyx teeth. Seeds trigonous, coarsely tuberculate, finely punctate. Flowering in May. Talus in middle mountain zone.—Caucasus: southern and eastern Transcaucasia. General distribution: Mediterranean Region. Described from Italy. Type in London. 44. L. armeniaca Chav. Monogr. (1833) 147; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 210; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 381; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 370.—L. segetalis C. Koch in Linnaea, XVII (1843) 286.—Exs.: Herb. Fl. Cauc. No. 530. Annual. Plant glaucescent, glabrous. Stem slender, simple or branched, 10-40 cm tall, ascending, vegetative shoots almost undeveloped. Leaves alternate, narrowly linear, flat, 2-4 cm long, 1—2.5 mm broad, acuminate. Flowers in lax racemes, terminating branches. Bracts filiform, shorter than pedicels. Pedicels slender, 5 mm or longer. Calyx glabrous, lobes linear, slender acuminate, 3 mm long, not patent, equaling corolla tube. Corolla sky-blue, yellowish in throat, 8 mm long (excluding spur); spur very slender, filiform, curved, slender pointed, 12-14 mm long; lower lip exceeding upper lip, lobes of lower lip elongated ligulate; upper lip deeply bifid. Capsule globose 4(5) mm in diameter. Seeds minute, 1 mm long, oblong, trigonous, rugose, finely punctate. May. On southern stony slopes of middle mountain zone Weare: west- ern, southern and eastern Transcaucasia. General distribution: Asia Minor. Described from eastern Anatolia. Type in Paris. 45. L. canadensis (L.) Dum. Cours. bot. cult. IT (1802) 96; Chav. Monogr. 149; Fedtsch. and Fler. Fl. Evrop. Ross. III, 852; Maevsk. FI. izd. 8, 451.—Antirrhinum canadense L. Sp. pl. (1753) 618. Annual or biennial. Plant glabrous: Stem 25-60 cm long, erect or ascending, slender, with vegetative shoots. Leaves opposite or whorled, linear, 2-3 cm long, 1-2 mm broad. Flowers in slender, lax racemes. Pedicels elongated in fruit. Calyx lobes linear-lanceolate, pointed. Corolla lilac, 6 mm long (excluding spur); spur slender, about 6 mm long. Capsule globose, 3 mm in diameter, longer than or equaling calyx teeth. Seeds about 0.5 mm long, trigonous. July to August. 219 1195 Cultivated and naturalized (Moscow Province). Native of North Amer- ica (Virginia, Canada). Described from Virginia. Type in London. 46. L. bipartita (Vent.) Willd. Enum. pl. hort. Berol. II (1809) 640. —Antirrhinum bipartitum Vent. Descr. pl. nov. (1800) tab. 82; Chav. Monogr. 145; Fedtsch. and Fler. Fl. Evrop. Ross. III, 852; Hegi, Illustr. Fl. Mittel-Eur. VI, 23. Annual. Plant glabrous. Stem (10)20-30 cm tall, with vegetative shoots. Leaves whorled, linear, flat, slender-acuminate, 2:5—-5 cm long, 1.5—3 mm broad, with one prominent rib. Flowers in lax racemes, on long pedicels, 2-3 times as long as lanceolate bracts. Calyx glabrous; lobes linear-lanceolate, slender acuminate, 5 mm long, 1 mm broad. Corolla violet, with orange patch in throat, 12 mm long (excluding spur); upper lip deeply bipartite, lobes rounded; lobes of lower lip large, ovate; spur slender, curved, equaling corolla or slightly longer. Capsule globose, 4 mm long, shorter than calyx teeth. Seeds less than 0.5 mm long, spirally rugose. June to July. Cultivated in gardens and naturalized (Moscow Province). General distribution: western Mediterranean Region. Type in Paris. 47. L. corifolia Desf. Choix de pl. ex Cor. Tourn. tab. 22 (1808) 32; Chav. Monogr. 153.—L. cordifolia Boiss. Fl. or. IV (1879) 379; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 369—L. dschorochensis C. Koch in Linnaea, XXII (1849) 718.—L. corrugata Karjag. ex Grossh. opred. rast. Kavk. (1949) 305. Perennial. Plant glaucescent. Stems 15-40 cm tall, erect, 2-3, branched above, densely leafy below. Leaves linear-filiform, 1-4 cm long and 1 mm broad, semicylindrical, alternate. Flowers in panicles termi- nating stems. Bracts filiform, 2-3 mm long, exceeding pedicels. Pedicels 1—2 mm long. Calyx glandular-puberulent, lobes linear-lanceolate, acumi- nate, 2.5 mm long, about 1 mm broad. Corolla violet, 8-10 mm long (excluding spur); upper lip exceeding lower lip, incised up to middle into two narrow acuminate lobes; lobes of lower lip rounded, almost ovate; spur broadly conical, straight, 2-2.5 mm in diameter. Seeds sharply trigonous, tuberculate at angles. May. On stony slopes in middle mountain zone—Caucasus: southern Transcaucasia. General distribution: Asia Minor. Described from Tourne- fort’s specimens from Asia Minor. Type in Paris. 48. L. monspessulana (L.) Mill. Gard. Dict. (1768) No. 9; Hegi, Illustr. Fl. Mittel-Eur. VI, 22.—Antirrhinum monspesulanum L. Sp. pl. (1762) 854.—A. striatum Lam. FI. fr. II (1778) 343.—Linaria striata DC. Prodr. X (1846) 278; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 210, p.p. 220 196 Perennial. Plant glabrous. Stems 20-35 cm tall, ascending. Leaves whorled, flat, linear, acuminate, with one prominent rib, 1.5—4 cm long, 2-5 mm broad. Flowers in rather long lax inflorescence. Bracts linear- filiform, shorter than pedicels. Pedicels 3-4 mm long. Calyx lobes linear- lanceolate, acuminate, 2.5 mm long, about 1 mm broad. Corolla sky-blue- or whitish, 7-10 mm long (excluding spur); upper lip exceeding lower lip, bifid; lobes of lower lip ovate, rounded, 2 mm broad; spur 2 cm long, straight, subobtuse. Capsule globose. Seeds trigonous, with prominent ribs and coarsely rugose at angles. July to August. European USSR: Baltic Region (Latvia). General distribution: At- lantic Europe. Described from France. Type in London. Section IV. Diffusae Benth. in Pflanzenfam. IV, 3 (1895) 59. —Annuals and perennials. Seeds oblong-reniform, compressed at in- ner margin and thickened at outer margin, rarely angular. Flowers often axillary or in panicles. Corolla white, sky-blue or yellow. Leaves whorled. Species of this section are distributed in western Mediterranean Re- gion. In the USSR, L. reflexa (L.) Desf. is found as weed in western Tran- scaucasia and, apparently, to this same section also belongs L. Japonica Mig., growing in the Soviet Far East and Japan. 49. L. reflexa (L.) Desf. Fl. atl. II (1800) 42; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 386; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 370; Kolak. Fl. Abkhaz. IV, 93.—Antirrhinum re- flexum L. Sp. pl. (1762) 857.—Ic.: Sibth and Sm. FI. gr., tab. 593, 74. Annual. Plant glaucescent, glabrous. Stems procumbent, numerous, 10-30 cm long, branched. Lower leaves whorled, upper leaves alternate, obovate, 3-veined, 1-2 mm [cm] long, 5—7 mm broad. Flowers axillary. Pedicels long, reflexed in fruit, glabrous. Calyx glabrous, lobes linear- lanceolate, slender acuminate. Corolla sky-blue or white, with orange palate in throat, 10-11 mm long (excluding spur); upper lip much exceed- ing lower lip, deeply bilobed; lobes of lower lip broad; spur long, 12 mm long, 2 mm broad, slightly curved, acuminate. Capsule globose, 4 mm in diameter, shorter than calyx teeth. Seeds 1 mm long, oblong-reniform, narrowed at inner portion, rugose. June to July. Weed.—Caucasus: introduced only in Sukhumi. General distribution: Mediterranean Region. Type in London. 50. L. japonica Mig. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. II (1865-1866) 115; Kom. and Alis. Opred. rast. Dal’nevost. Kr. II, 918. Perennial. Plant glabrous, glaucescent. Stems often numerous, ascend- ing or partially ascending, branched, 15—20 cm tall. Leaves whorled, ellip- tic or oblong, rarely obovate, somewhat subobtuse or mucronate, 1.5—3 cm long, 0.5—1.5 cm broad, obscurely 3-veined. Inflorescence short, lax, about 3-5-veined [sic]. Pedicels 5-6 mm long. Bracts shorter than pedicels, 221 197 lanceolate. Calyx glabrous within and outside, lobes lanceolate or ovate, 2.5—4 mm long, 1.5—2.5 mm broad. Corolla 12-17 mm long, light yellow, with bright orange patch in throat; upper lip exceeding lower lip, with 2.5 mm deep sinus; lobes of lower lip large, rounded, 3 mm broad, mid- dle lobe narrower; spur conical, 3.5—6 mm long. Capsule globose, 7 mm in diameter. Seeds 2.5 mm long, 1.5 mm broad, reniform, with thickened margin. August. Stony southern slopes.—Soviet Far East: Sakhalin. General distribu- tion: Japan. Described from Japan. Type in Leiden. Subsection 1. Cretacea Klok. in Bot. zhurn. SSSR, XXIV, 1 (1949) 75; pro ser.—Perennials. Seeds elongated, flat, lunate, rugose. Corolla 5—8 mm long (excluding spur). Leaves whorled. Plant common in cal- careous regions of European USSR and western Kazakhstan. 51. L. cretacea Fisch. ex Spreng. Syst. II (1825) 791; DC. Prodr. X, 285; Fl. Yugo-Vost. VI, 196; Maevsk. Fl. ed. 8, 452, in part—L. menis- perma Klok. in Bot. zhurn. XXXIV (1949) 70. Perennial. Plant glabrous, glaucescent, with vegetative shoots at base. Stems 3-5, ascending, 10—25 cm tall, branched only above; branches short, spreading. Leaves fleshy, with obscure veins, opposite or in whorls of 3, cauline leaves broadly ovate, amplexicaul, mucronate; lower leaves 10 mm long and broad; middle 8 mm long, 7 mm broad; those in inflores- cence orbicular-reniform. Flowers in short, lax inflorescences terminating branches. Bracts linear, acuminate, slightly exceeding pedicels. Pedicels 1-1.5 mm long. Calyx teeth narrow, linear-lanceolate, 2.5-3 mm long and 1 mm broad. Corolla yellow, 7-8 mm long; upper lip slightly exceeding the lower, bifid, with rounded lobes; lobes of lower lip ovate; spur 5 mm long. Not all capsules developing; globose, 3 mm in diameter. Seeds elon- gated, lunate, with very narrow fringe, rugose. June to July (Plate VIII, fig. 6). On calcareous outcrops. European USSR: Lower Don (northeastern section); Trans- Volga Region, Lower Volga (north); Western Siberia: Up- per Tobol (southwestern section); Soviet Central Asia: Aral-Caspian Re- gion (northwest). Endemic. Described from calcareous sediments of Middle Don. Type in Leningrad. 52. L. creticola Kuprian. in Tr. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, I, 9 (1950) 63, Plate II, fig. SL. cretacea auct. fl. ross. non Fisch. Perennial. Plant glabrous, glaucescent, with vegetative shoots at base. Stems 1-5, ascending, 10—15(20) cm tall, branched from base, with slen- der, spreading branches. Leaves fleshy, with obscure veins, opposite or in whorls of 3, cauline leaves broadly lanceolate to lanceolate, gradually 222 198 tapering; lower leaves 8-10 mm long, 4-5 mm broad, middle 6-7 mm long, 3 mm broad; those in inflorescence narrowly lanceolate. Flowers in short lax inflorescences terminating branches. Bracts linear, acuminate, slightly longer than pedicels. Pedicels 1-5 mm long. Calyx teeth linear, acuminate, 1.5—2 mm long, 1 mm broad. Corolla yellow, 7-8 mm long (ex- cluding spur); upper lip almost equaling lower, bifid, with rounded lobes; lobes of lower lip ovate, 2 mm broad, middle lobe almost equaling lateral ones; spur 5 mm long. Capsule 3 mm in diameter. Seeds elongated, lunate, with very narrow fringe, rugose, 1.5 mm long. June to August (Plate VIII, fig. 5). On marly calcareous deposits——European USSR: Volga-Don (Staro- belsk Region). Endemic. Described from Starobelsk Region. Type in Leningrad. 53. L. macrophylla Kuprian. in Tr. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, I, 9 (1950) 63.—L. cretacea auct. fl. ross. Perennial. Plant glaucescent-green, glabrous. Stems 3-4, ascending, rarely solitary, 20—30(40) cm tall, branched above; branches slender, long, patent. Leaves opposite or in whorls of 3 orbicular-reniform, mucronate, amplexicaul, fleshy, obscurely veined; lower leaves 2 cm long and broad; middle 1 cm long and broad; those in inflorescence orbicular-reniform with slightly tapering apex. Inflorescence paniculate, 5-10 cm long. Flowers borne singly or in pairs, often in threes. Bracts linear. Pedicels 1—2(3) mm long. Calyx lobes narrow, linear-lanceolate, 2 mm long. Corolla similar to the preceding species. Capsule globose, 3 mm in diameter, shorter than calyx teeth. Seeds as in the preceding species. June to July (Plate VIII, fig. 4). On calcareous deposits—Soviet Central Asia: Aral-Caspian Region (on the left bank of the Emba). Endemic. Described from the left bank of Emba River. Type in Leningrad. Section 5. Arvenses (Benth.) Wettst. in Pflanzenfam. IV, 3 (1895) 59; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X—Annuals. Seeds discoid with slightly serrated or fringed margin, smooth or tuberculate in center. Inflorescence mostly capitate or compact, elongated. Corolla small, white, sky-blue, yellow or purple-violet. Leaves whorled. 54. L. arvensis (L.) Desf. Fl. atl. (1800) 45; DC. Prodr. X, 280; Szaf., Kulcz. Pavl. Rosl. Polsk. 496; Fedtsch. and Fler. Fl. Evrop. Ross. III, 850; Hegi, Illustr. Fl. Mittel-Eur. VI, 23—Antirrhinum arvense L. Sp. pl. (1762) 855. Annual. Stems 10-45 cm tall, erect, branched, single, rarely 3-5, sparsely leafy. Leaves linear, 1.5—3.5 cm long, 1-2 mm broad, generally pointed, whorled. Flowers in capitate inflorescerice, much elongated in 223 199 fruit. Bracts linear, glandular-hairy, like inflorescence axis, pedicels and clayx. Calyx lobes linear, 4 mm long. Corolla pale blue, 5 mm long (in- cluding spur). Capsule 5 mm in diameter. Seeds flat, discoid with regular membranous margin, smooth in center (minutely tuberculate under high magnification). March to April. In fields, sandy places—European USSR: possibly grows along Up- per Dnieper (West). General distribution: Central and Southern Europe, Mediterranean Region, Balkan States. Described from cultivated speci- mens. Type in London. 55. L. turcomanica Kuprian. in Tr. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, I, 9 (1950)69.—L. simplex O. and B. Fedtsch. Perech. rast. Turkest. 5 (1913) 81, non DC. Biennial. Plant glabrous, slender. Stems 10-30 cm tall, ascending, sparsely leafy. Leaves linear, 1.5—2 cm long, 1—2 mm broad, subobtuse, opposite or in whorls of 3. Inflorescence capitate, elongated in fruit. Bracts linear 2.5—3 mm long, exceeding pedicels, pedicels elongated in fruit. In- florescence axis, pedicels, and calyx glandular-hairy. Calyx lobes linear, subobtuse, 3-4 mm long. Corolla yellow, with blue veins, 4 mm long (excluding spur); spur slender, curved, 3 mm long; upper lip deeply lobed. Capsule globose, 6 mm in diameter. Seeds 2.5 mm in diameter, discoid, with broad, membranous, dentate margin, entirely smooth in center. April. On rubbly slopes of foothills —Soviet Central Asia: mountainous Turkmenia (Krasnovodsk, Bolshoy Balkhan Mts., Kyzyl-Arvat, Firyuza). General distribution: Iran. Described from Kopet-Dag. Type in Leningrad. Note. This species is similar to L. simplex (Willd.) DC. from which . it is distinguished mainly by the absence of tuberculation on the seeds. The new specimens collected by V.V. Nikitin included a few with tuberculate seeds from the mountainous regions of Kopet-Dag, near the Iranian border, while plants with smooth seeds grow mainly on the Kopet- Dag foothills and Bolshoy Balkhan Mts. 56. L. simplex (Willd.) DC. Fl. fr. Ill (1815) 588; M.B. taur.- cauc. II, 74; Ldb. Fl. Ross. If, 210; Fedtsch. and Fler. Fl. Evrop. Ross., 850; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 371; Hegi, Illustr. Fl. Mittel-Eur. VI, 23.—Antirrhinum arvense 3. L. Sp. pl. II (1762) 855.—A. simplex Willd. Sp. pl. III (1800) 243.—Linaria arvensis 3. Desf. Fl. atl. (1800) 45; Chav. Monogr. 157. Annual. Stems 3-5, 10-45 cm tall, ascending, simple, sparsely leafy. Leaves linear, 1.5-3.5 cm long, 1—2 mm broad, subobtuse or acuminate, more or less opposite or in whorls of 3. Inflorescence capitate, much elon- gated in fruit. Bracts linear, 3-5 mm long, exceeding pedicels, accrescent. Inflorescence axis, bracts, pedicels and calyx glandular-hairy. Calyx lobes 224 200 linear, 4 mm long. Corolla yellow, blue-veined, 3 mm long (excluding spur); spur curved, 3—3.5 mm long; upper lip deeply bilobed. Capsule globose, 6 mm in diameter. Seeds 2 mm in diameter, discoid, with broad, membranous, slightly dentate margin, sharply tuberculate in center. April. In rocky places and wastelands——European USSR: Crimea; Caucasus. Ciscaucasia, Dagestan, eastern and southern Transcaucasia. General distri- bution: Southern Europe, Mediterranean Region, Balkan States. Described from Southern Europe. Type in Berlin. 57. L. micrantha (Cav.) Hoffmg. and Link, Fl. Port. I (1809) 258; Spreng. Syst. II, 794; Chav. Monogr. 156; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 210; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 370.—Antirrhinum micranthum Cav. Ic. I (1791) 51; fig. 69.—L. simplex M. Pop. in Tr. Penz. obsch. lyub. estestv. (1916) 9, non DC. Annual. Stems 2-4, 10-20 cm tall, ascending, simple, with several vegetative shoots at base, densely leafy. Lower leaves in whorls of 3, upper alternate, lanceolate, 1-1.5 cm long, 3-4 mm broad, mucronate. Inflorescences capitate, somewhat elongated in fruit. Bracts lanceolate, lower 4(5) mm long, much exceeding pedicels. Inflorescence axis, bracts, pedicels and calyx sparsely glandular-pubescent. Calyx lobes lanceolate, almost equaling corolla tube, 3 mm long and 1—1.5 mm broad. Corolla sky-blue, distinctly blue-veined, 5 mm long with spur; spur short, broadly conical, much shorter than corolla. Capsule globose, 5 mm in diameter. Seeds 1.5 mm in diameter, with smooth margin, sharply tuberculate in center. March to April. On foothills —Caucasus: eastern Transcaucasia (Baku region); Soviet Central Asia: Pamiro-Alai (Kugitang and Mogol-Tau). General distribu- tion: Mediterranean Region (west and east). Described from Spain. Type in Paris. 58. L. pelisseriana (L.) DC. FI. fr. IM (1815) 589; Chav. Monogr. 154; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 210; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 375; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 370.—Antirrhinum pelisserianum L. Sp. pl. Il (1762) 885.—Ic.: Fl. gr. tab. 591. Annual. Stems 20-35 cm tall, ascending, poorly branched, with nu- merous vegetative shoots. Leaves narrowly linear, alternate, 2-3 cm long, 1 mm broad. Inflorescence elongated, compact. Bracts linear, glabrous. Pedicels 3-5 mm long, glabrous. Calyx glabrous, with slender acumi- nate linear or linear-lanceolate lobes. Corolla purplish violet, 10 mm long (excluding spur); upper lip deeply bifid, much exceeding lower lip; spur 10 mm long, slender acuminate, straight. Capsule globose. Seeds planoconvex, with membranous fringed margin, sharply tuberculate in center. 225 201 Caucasus: Transcaucasia (Ledebur). General distribution: Southern Europe, Mediterranean Region (west and east). Described from France. Type in London. Section 6. Minutiflorae Benth. in DC. Prodr. X (1846) 280.—Annuals. Seeds elongated, trigonous, rugose, about 1 mm long. Inflorescence capitate. Corolla 5 mm long (excluding spur), white. Leaves whorled. Ephemeral plants. This section includes only L. albifrons (Sibth. and Sm.) Spreng, de- scribed from the Rhodes Island. It is also found in North Africa and Iran. Its most interesting habitat is the outskirts of Baku, where it was discov- ered by Meyer and described under the name L. minutiflora. Subsequently, it has not been collected in the Caucasus. 59. L. albifrons (Sibth. and Sm.) Spreng. Syst. II (1825) 793; Boiss. Fl. or. IV. 382; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 370.—Antirrhinum albifrons Sibth. in Sibth. and Sm. Ic. Fl. gr. (1826) tab. 588.—Linaria minutiflora C.A. Mey. Verz. Pflanz. Cauc. Casp. Meer (1831) 109; Ldb. Fl. Ross. II, 211; Chav. Monogr. 156.—Exs.: Bornmuller, Iter Pers.-turc. No. 549. Annual. Plant glabrous, glaucescent. Stems 3—5, 5—10(20) cm tall, ascending. Leaves whorled, fleshy, lower leaves ovate-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 6-10 mm long, 3-5 mm broad. Inflorescence capi- tate, elongated in fruit. Bracts exceeding pedicels, lanceolate, glabrous. Calyx glabrous, large, almost equaling corolla, lobes broad, lanceolate, fleshy. Corolla 5 mm (excluding spur), yellowish in throat, corolla tube light violet; upper lip much exceeding lower, deeply bifid; spur very short, straight, conical, 1.5 mm long. Capsule oblong, 5 mm long. Seeds less than 1 mm long, oblong, trigonous, angular, rugose, with minutely tuberculate surface. March. On dry slopes—Caucasus: eastern Transcaucasia. General distribu- tion: eastern Mediterranean Region. Iran. Described from the island of Rhodes. Type in Berlin. Genus 1329. ANTIRRHINUM" L. L. Sp. pl. (1753) 612; Chav. Monogr. (1833) 79. Corolla mouth closed, tube saccate at base without spur. Capsule oblique ovoid, bilocular, abaxial locule dehiscing by two apical pores, theoadaxial by one. Seeds ribbed or reticulate-rugose. The genus includes about 40 species, distributed in America and Mediterranean countries of Asia. 1 Treatment by L.A. Kuprianova. 2 From the Greek anti—negative, and rhinos—nose; indicating the absence of a spur in corolla. 226 202 « 1. Uppermost leaves longer than flowers; seeds single-ribbed; calyx lobes exceeding corolla and capsule ..................... 1. A. orontium L. + Uppermost leaves much shorter than flowers; seeds reticulate-rugose; calyx lobes not exceeding corolla and capsule ........ 2. A. majus L. 1. A. orontium L. Sp. pl. (1753) 617; Ldb. Fl. Ross. II, 213; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 385; Schmalh. FI. II, 261; Fedtsch. and Fler. Fl. Evrop. Ross. 853; Hegi, Illustr. Fl. Mittel-Eur. VI, 20, tab. 236, f. 2; Szaf., Kulcz., Pawl. Rosl. Pol. 497. Annual. Stem 15—40 cm tall, glandular-hairy, branched above. Leaves lanceolate or linear, subsessile, upper leaves exceeding flowers. Flowers in sparse raceme. Calyx lobes linear, 15 mm long and 1.5 mm broad, pubescent. Corolla 10-12 mm long, light red. Capsule oblique-ovoid, glandular-pubescent. Seeds ovoid, convex and single ribbed outside, inner side concave, margin recurved dentate. July to September. Weeds in fields ——European USSR: Black Sea Region, Crimea. Gen- eral distribution: Atlantic, Central and Southern Europe, Mediterranean Region, India-Himalayas. Described from Western Europe. Type in Lon- don. 2. A. majus L. Sp. pl. (1753) 617; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 214; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 385; Schmalh. Fl. Il, 261; Fedtsch. and Fler. Fl. Evrop. Ross. 853. —Ic.: Hegi, Illustr. Fl. Mittel-Eur. VI, 19, tab. 236, f. 1. Annual. Stem 30-70 cm tall, branched, glandular-hairy above. Leaves lanceolate; upper smaller. Flowers in rather dense raceme, large, on thick pedicels. Calyx glandular-hairy, lobes ovate, shorter than corolla and cap- sule. Corolla light purple or whitish, 20-30 mm long. Capsule glandular- hairy, 12-17 mm long. Seeds reticulate-rugose. June to September. Cultivated in gardens; sometimes naturalized—General distribu- tion: Southern Europe, Mediterranean Region. Described from Southern Europe. Type in London. Genus 1330. CHAENORRHINUM 2 Lge. Lge. in Willk. and Lange Prodr. Fl. Hisp. II (1870) 577. Corolla throat open. Capsule dehiscing apically by tridentate pores or irregular slit. Seeds oblong-ovoid, ribbed or prismatic, ribs tuberculate. Annuals with entire, opposite leaves, narrowed into petioles, and axillary flowers. ' Treatment by L.A. Kuprianova. * From the Greek chainein—open, rhinos—nose. Name indicating open oni throat of flowers. 227 203 The genus includes about 20 species, distributed outside the USSR in Western Europe, Mediterranean Region, Asia Minor and Iran. Of the species in the flora of the USSR, C. spicatum Korov, and C. rytidospermum (Fisch. and Mey.) Kuprian. approach the genus Schweinfurthia A. Br. in some features. 1. Leaves linear, subobtuse; capsule oblong, with thin membranous peri- carp, obtuse, dehiscing by tridentate pores; seeds ovoid ............ Be + Leaves lanceolate-linear or ovate; capsule globose, with thick pericarp and spiny mucro at apex, dehiscing by irregular lateral slit; seeds pris- matic, bbed .mbsutuberculate sy. fonts! aoadaak tacteemenechshar-obss 3 2. Seeds brown, 0.4 mm long, almost smooth or sparsely denticulate on ribs; capsule 5-6 mm long; [leaves] 2-4 cm long; plant a weed ..... oS ee ney Rene nee meee. Aoet s See 1. C. viscidum (Moench) Simk. + Seeds dark, 0.6 mm long, sharply and closely denticulate on ribs; cap- sule 44.5 mm long; leaves 1-2 cm long; plant common on calcareous QULEKODS VY. GPR H, PENS. AEB LISD, VBE Pita Abe OT 2. C. klokovii Kotov. 3. Leaves ovate, with 3 somewhat thick prominent veins; petiole distinct; flowers sessile, calyx nonciliate, corolla pinkish lilac ................ hs nyo nte AE OS gM IRONS TOO os RO 3. C. spicatum Korov. + Leaves linear-lanceolate, gradually narrowed into petiole, midrib dis- tinct, lateral veins obscure; flowers pedicellate; calyx white-ciliate at base and along teeth margin, corolla sky-blue ....................... SERRE gal ase 4. C. rhytidospermum (Fisch. and Mey.) Kuprian. 1. C. viscidum (Moench.) Simk. in Urb. and Graeb. Festschr. Aschers. (1904) 234.—Linaria viscida Moench. Meth. pl. (1794) 525—L. minor Ldb. Fl. Ross. II (1847-1849) 213; Schmaih. FI. II. 265; Syreistsch. IIl. Fl. Mosk. gub. III, 135; Maevsk. Fl. 451—Exs.: GRF, Nos. 472, 3788, Fl. pol. Exs. No. 662. Annual. Plants glandular-hairy. Stem 10-30 cm tall, branched from base. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, subobtuse, gradually narrowed into a short petiole; lower leaves opposite, upper alternate. Flowers axillary, on 8-10 mm long pedicels. Bracts half as long as pedicels. Calyx lobes subob- tuse, 3-5(6) mm long and 1 mm broad. Corolla light violet, with yellowish patch in throat, 6 mm long; upper lip sinuate, lower with equal lobes. Cap- sule 5-6 mm long and 4 mm broad, with thin pericarp, glandular-hairy. Seeds ovoid, 0.4-0.5 mm long, ribs almost smooth. July to August. In fields, along road embankments, on limestone—European USSR: Dvina-Pechora (Vologda), Baltic States, Ladoga-IImen, Upper Dnieper, Upper Volga, Volga-Don, Upper Dniester, Middle Dnieper, Black Sea Re- gion, Crimea; Caucasus: Ciscaucasia, western Transcaucasia. General dis- tribution: Central Europe. Described from Central Europe. Type in Berlin. 228 204 Note. It is possible that, the Baltic race of this species (C. minus (L.) Simk.), which is recognized as a distinct species by Simonkai, grows in the northwestern region of European USSR (Baltic States, Ladoga- Ilmen), while the Central European race C. viscidum is widely distributed in southern and southeastern regions. 2. C. klokovii Kotov. in Bot. zhurn. Akad. Nauk URSR, XI, 4 (1954) 77.—C. minus var. creticola Schir. ex Vizn. rosl. (1950) 378. Annual. Similar to preceding species. Leaves smaller, extended lin- ear, 1-2 cm long and 1-2 mm broad. Capsule oblong, 4—4.5 mm long. Seeds ovoid, somewhat dark-colored, 0.6 mm long, sharply and closely denticulate along ribs. June to August. On calcareous deposits along Don and Donets.—European USSR: Volga-Don, Lower Don. Endemic. Described from calcareous banks of Donets. Type in Kiev. 3. C. spicatum Korov. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Gl. bot. sada, V (1924) 180; in Tr. Turkest. univ. 5, 58. Annual. Plant glandular-hairy. Stem 10—25 cm tall, branched from base. Lower leaves opposite, upper alternate, ovate, up to 3.5 cm long (including petiole) and 1—-1.5 cm broad. Petiole 2 cm, veins sharply promi- nent. Flowers sessile or pedicels not exceeding 0.5 mm. Calyx lobes twice as long as capsule, lanceolate-linear, distinctly 3-veined, slightly narrowed toward base, glandular-puberulent. Corolla 11-12 mm long, tube pale, lips pinkish lilac, upper lip bifid up to middle; lobes of lower lip almost equal, rounded. Capsule globose, subulate-acuminate, about 6 mm diameter, pu- berulent, laterally dehiscent. Seeds prismatic, ribbed, sharply tuberculate, about 1 mm long. April. On stony alluvial deposits of monadnocks, in desert zone. Soviet Cen- tral Asia: mountainous Turkmenia, Kara Kum, Kyzyl Kum, Syr Darya (Fergana). General distribution: Afghanistan (EEEINES Described from Tedzhen. Type in Tashkent. Note. Specimens from Fergana are distinguished by smaller capsules, and sepals equaling the capsules. Further study of the Fergana specimens could possibly help in separating them into an independent species. 4. C. rytidospermum (Fisch. and Mey.) Kuprian. comb. nov.—C. per- sicum auct. non Chav.: O. and B. Fedtsch. Perech. rast. Turkest. 5 (1913) 84; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 373.—Linaria rytidosperma Boiss. Di- agn. pl. or. I, 4 (1844) 73.—L. persica Boiss. Fl. or. IV (1879) 384, p.p.—Antirrhinum rytidospermum Fisch. and Mey. Ind. sem. II (1835) 27. Annual. Plant glandular-puberulent. Stem erect, 10-15 cm tall, branched. Lower leaves opposite, lanceolate, upper alternate, 229 230 205 linear-lanceolate or linear, gradually narrowed into petiole, 2-3 cm long (including petiole), 27 mm[2.7 mm] broad, veins obscure, midrib more distinct. Flowers axillary. Pedicels 2-5 mm long. Calyx lobes twice as long as capsule, with 3 prominent veins, glandular, ciliate at base along teeth margin. Corolla 12-13 mm long (excluding spur), with pale blue and bright sky-blue lips; upper lip cleft up to middle, lower lip with 3 long ligulate lobes, middle lobe narrower; spur 8 mm long, straight, long pointed. Capsule 6-7 mm in diameter, globose, conically pointed, dehiscing laterally, not apically. Seeds prismatic, with wavy longitudinal outgrowths, 1.5 mm long. May. On rubbly and stony mountain slopes.—Caucasus: southern Trans- caucasia, Talysh; Soviet Central Asia: Aral-Caspian Region (rare). Gen- eral distribution: Iran (northwest). Described from Transcaucasia. Type in Leningrad. Note. Chavannes, in the description of L. persica, notes the presence of a yellow corolla among the plants being described, citing at the same time Michaux from Iran. For this reason we must refrain from giving our plants the name proposed by Chavannes, since all the specimens from the Caucasus and Soviet Central Asia seen by us have a sky-blue corolla. They are identical to typical specimens of the species described by Fischer and Meyer. Tribe 2. CHELONEAE Benth. in DC Prodr. X (1846) 298.—Corolla campanulate or tubular, without pouch or spur at base. Anthers unilocular. Fruit a capsule, dehiscing by valves. Leaves opposite, or upper leaves alternate. Genus 1331. SCROPHULARIA L." 2 L. Sp. pl. (1753) 619; Stiefelhag. in Bot. Jahrbuch. 44 B (1910) 406.—Ceramanthe Dum. Not. Scrophul. (1834) 7.—Tomiophyllum Fourr. in Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon N.S. XVII (1869) 125.—Venilia Fourr. l.c. Calyx deeply 5-fid or 5-partite, persistent in fruit, glandular-pubescent or glabrous. Corolla brown, reddish brown, purple or yellow, glabrous, rarely diffusely glandular-pubescent (S$. atropatana Grossh., S. cza- pandaghii B. Fedtsch., S. nikitinii Gorschk.) inflated or spherical- urceolate, with 5-lobed, almost bilabiate, oblique short limb; upper lip bilobed, with orbicular or oblong-orbicular, generally straight lobes nar- rowed at base, exceeding lateral, flat and broad, erect or spreading lobes of lower lip; middle lobe of lower lip reflexed; corolla rarely with equal 1 Treatment by S.G. Gorschkova. 2 From the Latin scrophula—scrofula. Used as a remedy for scrofula in medicine. 231 206 lobes. Stamens 4, inserted at base of tube, exserted or included in corolla tube, two anterior stamens longer than or sometimes equaling two pos- terior ones, declinate; the fifth stamen between lobes at base of upper corolla lip, represented by fleshy or scaly staminode, highly variable in form, rarely absent; anthers unilocular. Ovary superior, bilocular, glabrous, sometimes pubescent, with base surrounded by fleshy disk; style filiform stigma small. Fruit a bilocular many-seeded capsule, glabrous, some- times pubescent, dehiscent by two valves; valves entire or bifid above. Seeds ellipsoid, ovoid or oblong, dark brown, almost black, longitudinally ribbed and transversely rugose. Flowers numerous, bisexual, zygomorphic, mostly on slender pedicels, 1-3 or 3—7(9) together in cymes on axillary pe- duncles and forming pyramidal, paniculate, very rarely capitate or ovoid inflorescence. Bracts lanceolate, linear or setaceous. Annual, biennial or perennial, herbs, rarely semishrubs, glabrous or glandular-pubescent. Leaves opposite, rarely whorled, entire, pinnate, bi- or multi-pinnatisect with veins beneath distinctly anastomotic or not. The genus includes about 310 species, distributed in subtropical re- gions of the northern hemisphere, especially in countries of the Mediter- ranean Region. 1. Plants generally densely leafy; lower leaves (2.6)3.5—15(17) cm long, (3)6-11(13) cm broad, entire, with veins distinctly anastomosed un- derneath [Section I. Anastomosanthes Stiefelhag.] ................ 2. + Plants generally sparsely leafy; lower leaves 2—8(11) cm long and 1-4(7.5) cm broad, with lamina poorly developed, pinnate or mostly bipinnate or multipinnatisect, very rarely leaves entire, coarsely cre- nate, almost incised or incise-dentate, veins not anastomosed or if so, only in isolated leaves [Section II. Tomiophyllum Benth.] ....... 13), 2. Corolla lobes subequal; staminode absent .......................5. 3. + Lobes of upper corolla lip 24 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lipystaminodes variable TORN! <6. ocje css ee onan nema 11. 3. Perennials; leaves lanceolate or elliptical-cordate, 2-6 times as long ASU DEOMOS te meee tre ee ence ae ete eth tere eect the cnt coil eee 4, + Annuals or biennials; leaves orbicular-cordate, cordate-ovate or ovate, slightly longer than or as long as broad ....................0-005- th, 4. Stem glabrous; leaves lanceolate, 15-17 cm long, 2.7 cm broad, 6 in whorl; flowers numerous, 3-5 in each cyme, cymes 6 in a verti- cil forming leafless oblong inflorescence; calyx glandular-pubescent, lobes elliptical’ or orbiewlar-ellipticdl” [27-22 e-em eerie epacagseiata munipinencis fetes ea Bie 1. S. verticillata Gontsch. and Grig. 232 207 Stem pubescent or glabrous or petioles, pedicels and calyx covered with crystalline salt grains; leaves elliptic-cordate, oblong or oblong- lanceolate, glabrous or pubescent on both surfaces or only beneath; flowernscl=5(8) nnmeacht cymiewl).. aveSewioe: oe. Soa ea 5: . Plant 90-110 cm tall, densely glandular-pubescent (except corolla, ovary and capsule); stem 4-angled; leaves _ elliptic-cordate, 6-11(17) cm long, 3.5—4(13) cm broad, margin coarsely, irregularly dentate, with 4.5—-6 cm long petioles; pedicels 3-9 mm long; corolla 5-6 mm long; calyx densely glandular-pubescent, deeply parted al- most to base, equaling or slightly shorter than corolla, with lanceolate- linear, subobtuse lobes; capsule globose-conical, slightly exceeding or EqMAalin Sealy XK. 2... niacin datindo canoe snes 4. S. tadshicorum Gontsch. Plants up to 60 cm tall, stem cylindrical, glabrous, pubescent or cov- ered with crystalline salt grains; leaves oblong-lanceolate or oblong, entire or sharply serrulate; upper leaves sometimes coarsely dentate; corolla 44.5 mm long; calyx glabrous, half'as long as corolla, with triangular-ovate or elliptical lobes; capsule globose or globose-ovoid, 2-3 tunesias longias calyxoy! Rae). eset ait. TOO... 6. . Stem glabrous or covered with scattered white hairs; leaves oblong- lanceolate, 7-11 cm long, 3.3—4 cm broad, acute, margin sharply ser- rate, with 3 mm long petioles, glabrous on upper surface, sparsely pubescent beneath and along veins; pedicels 2—5 times as long as corolla; flowers few in 4-9 cm broad lateral cymes; calyx lobes triangular-ovate, corolla smooth; filaments glabrous ................ He So TR PeISee . SIMMER see. beta 2. S. lateriflora Trautv. Stem, petioles, pedicels and calyx densely covered with crystalline salt grains; leaves oblong-elliptical or oblong, 2.6-3.2 cm long, 1.5 cm broad, smooth, subobtuse, entire or upper leaves coarsely dentate, petioles 2 cm long; pedicels 1/5 as long as corolla; flowers in terminal 0.6-0.8 cm broad inflorescence; corolla glandular- pubescent; calyx lobes elliptical; filaments glandular-pubescent .. ds open aoe ce SEDC HEN eon: ecton eee ED ey 3. S. nikitinii Gorschk. . Corolla dull pink, calyx glabrous; plant glandular-tomentose; leaves orbicular-cordate, 7-9 cm long, 7-11(13) cm broad, cuneate at base; lower leaves with 14-16 cm long petioles .................... Mio ses huoilws eadod: wale cael pertt soit 5. S. kotschyana Benth. Corolla yellow or greenish yellow; calyx glandular-pubescent ....8. . Inflorescence dense, ovoid, oblong or almost semiglobose, 0.5—2.5 cm long, 1.5—3 cm broad; plant white-villous; leaves cordate-orbicular, 2.5 cm long, 3-5.5 cm broad ....6. S. chrysantha Jaub. and Spach. Inflorescences paniculate, lax, pyramidal, 6-21 cm long, 5—6 cm broad 208 10. 12: 13. 14. 233 DE . Plant up to 50 cm tall, biennial, glabrous or occasionally scattered glandular-pubescent in upper part; leaves cauline, broadly triangular- ovate, 1-5 cm long, 1-5.5 cm broad; calyx half as long as corolla Da Sidats SEDO REE ls TSM, AA I 7. S. lunariifolia Boiss and Bal. Plants 60-100 cm tall, annuals or biennials, densely glandular- pubescent; calyx slightly shorter than corolla .................... 10. Leaf margin obscurely dentate; flowers numerous; corolla greenish yellow; calyx lobes obtuse; ovary and capsule glandular-pubescent Se og feel: An agit te bates fe ee ie 8 8. S. hyrcana Grossh. Leaf margin doubly dentate; flowers few; corolla yellowish green; calyx lobes subacute; ovary and capsule glabrous .................. . Inflorescence densely leafy throughout .......................... 12. Inflorescence leafless or leafy only at base ...................... 15. Plants perennial or sometimes biennial .......................... 13. Plantscannual e038. SS SR LT. LR OD 14. Leaves broadly cordate or broadly cordate-ovate, acute dentate-lobed or doubly incise-dentate; corolla brownish green, twice as long as calyx, upper lips with lobes three times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip; stamens included in corolla; staminode reniform, twice as broadsas longs 278. 12: SER . Aen. See 12. S. divaricata Ldb. Leaves broadly ovate or ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, coarsely and shal- lowly doubly dentate; corolla yellowish green, 2.5 times as long as calyx; lobes of upper lip twice as long as lateral lobes of lower lip; stamens almost exserted; staminode ovate, suborbicular, as long as broady; dis baenon wees). Kaeo le 14. S. mollis Somm. and Lev. Leaves ovate-cordate, acute, coarsely dentate; pedicels 2—3 times as long as calyx; flowers in sparse panicles; calyx lobes lanceolate, acute, margins not fringed; corolla dark blood-red; lobes of upper lip 4 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip; stamens included in corolla; staminodes orbicular-ovate, as long as broad; capsule 2-3 times as long? aStCalWyxe Mieke cance sso nao as IIA 15. S. peregrina L. Leaves ovate-oblong, subacute, doubly dentate-serrate or sometimes incised, lower leaves resembling rosette; pedicels 1/4—1/2 as long as calyx; inflorescence narrow, pyramidal, 2.5—17(30) cm long, 2-3 cm broad, sometimes starting from base; calyx lobes orbicular, obtuse, with broad, white-scarious, fimbriate margin; corolla purple, lobes of upper lip twice as long as lateral lobes of lower lip; stamens slightly exserted; staminode reniform 1/3 as long as broad, emarginate; capsule 1.5—2 times as long as calyx .............. 11. S. ilwensis C. Koch. Stamens exserted from corolla; staminode elliptical, twice as long as broad; corolla 4-4.5 mm long, lobes of upper lip almost equaling lateral lobes of lower lip ............ 18. S. heucheriiflora Schrenk. 234 16. V7. 18. 1D: 20. 209 Stamens included in corolla or barely exserted, staminode not as de- scribed above; corolla 0.5—1 cm long, lobes of upper lip 2—3.5 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip ......................0-0055. 16. Calyx lobes lanceolate, broadly lanceolate or oblong-ovate, acute or subacute, margin slightly or not fimbriate ....................... V7. Calyx lobes orbicular or ovate-lanceolate, obtuse or subobtuse, margin narrowly or broadly white-scarious ....................000000000. 19. Leaves broadly ovate or suborbicular, subacute, with 4-6 cm long petioles; calyx 2/3 as long as corolla; stamens included; staminode obovate or orbicular, as long as broad; ovary glandular-puberulent; capsule subglabrous when mature, equaling or slightly exceeding ca- IS 4 ee Aes 8 acta Meh ataas Sh A Rsith 0 VAR Lee pl 19. S. altaica Murr. Leaves ovate or cordate-ovate, with 0.5-2.5 cm long petioles, acute; calyx 2/5—1/2 as long as corolla; stamens exserted; staminode linear or obovate, 1.25 or 5 times as long as broad; ovary glabrous; capsule glabrous, 2—2;5 times as.long as calyx. 44... 4). ©. apenas ee 18. Leaves cordate-ovate, floral leaves and bracts sessile, oblong-ovate; flowers on short, 1-2.5 mm long pedicels, cymes sessile or with 2 mm long peduncles; inflorescence compact, 17 cm long, 1-2.5 cm broad; calyx lobes ovate-oblong, subobtuse; lobes of upper corolla lip 2-3 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip; staminode linear, 5 times aSlong, as sbrOad sid nn. i cepted canes 20. S. mandshurica Maxim. Leaves ovate or oblong-ovate; floral leaves lanceolate, with 2 mm long petioles; bracts linear; flowers on 2 cm long pedicels, cymes with 4(7) cm long peduncles; inflorescence broadly paniculate, 12-31 cm long, 10-15 cm broad; calyx lobes lanceolate, acute; lobes of upper corolla lip 3.5 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip; staminode obovate, 1.25 times as long as broad ...............ccccccecceeccece SOT ae ee ee eee ee 21. S. maximowiczii Gorschk. Plant glandular throughout, sometimes also with isolated stellate hairs; leaves obovate-oblong, subacute, closely dentate, sessile or subses- sile, amplexicaul; flowers sessile or with 2.5 mm long pedicels; calyx glabrous or glandular-pubescent in lower part; stamens included in corolla; staminode oblong, twice as longyas broad: benecsdans. xe Ses hates cys oh or cmos te brat 10. S. ampiexicaulis Benth. Plants glandular, sometimes also with simple hairs, very rarely only with simple hairs or glabrous; leaves petiolate, not amplexicaul . 20. Leaves hastate or broadly ovate, acute often gradually tapering toward apex, coarsely dentate, with 1-2.5 cm long petioles; lobes of upper corolla lip not narrowed at base, twice as long as lateral lobes of lower lip; staminode obdeltoid or oblong-obovate, as long as broad sa Baca EN Ao at cel tr 16. S. chlorantha Kotschy and Boiss. 235 236 210 + 21. + 22: 24. 25° 26. 29 28. Leaves elliptical or oblong-ovate not hastate; lobes of upper corolla lip generally twice, rarely 34 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip (S. macrobotrys Ldb.), staminode not as above .............. Ze Plants with fleshy, bulbous rootstock .................-2.0e0eeeee 2D. Plants with nonbulbous rootstock ...............2..2-2eeee deen 24. Inflorescence dense, narrow, spicate, 9-40 cm long, 1.5—3 cm broad, almost leafless; calyx glabrous, 1/3 as long as corolla; lobes of upper corolla lip twice as long as lateral lobes of lower lip; stamens included in corolla; staminode obovate-spatulate or orbicular, 1.25 times as long aScbroad wee. seo Ae nko is Sunn at ee ge 25. S. oldhami Oliver. Inflorescencegenerallly lan ni). se PO a ey cae 23. . Plant glabrous, sometimes sparsely glandular-pubescent above; calyx 1/3 as long as corolla, glabrous; lobes of upper corolla lip twice as long as lateral lobes of lower lip; staminode obreniform, twice as broad as long; capsule broadly ovoid, 3-4 times as long as calyx .. ESR AIMON TS 6, Senda cia was aan oom wei A uae 24. S. nodosa L. Plant villous; calyx 2/5 as long as corolla, covered with simple hairs; lobes of upper corolla lip 3-4 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip; staminode obovate-orbicular, as broad as long; capsule ovoid- conical, twice as long as calyx ............ 23. S. macrobotrys Ldb. Stem wingless or occasionally with prominent angles, rather weakly winged. Plant glabrous or pubescent ........................0005. WS Stem and petioles winged. Plants glabrous ...................... Dt Plants*annwalor biennial?) 0255. we eeas ole. Soe os kee ae me 26. Plant perennial, glandular-puberulent; leaves ovate or deltoid- elliptical, 1.5—2 times as long as broad; petioles 2—3 cm long; flowers 1-3 in cyme; pedicels 0.3-0.5(1) cm long; staminode orbicular, dentate, slightly broader than long .. 22. S. amgunensis F. Schmidt. Plant (20)40—100 cm tall, glandular-pubescent, rarely glabrous; leaves cordate- or oblong-ovate cordate at base; petioles 0.6—1.5 cm long; corolla greenish purple; staminode reniform . 17. S. scopolii Hoppe. Plant, up to 1-1.5 m tall, glabrous; leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate; base orbicular or obliquely truncate; petioles 2.5 cm long; corolla brownish green; staminode obreniform .......................0eeees Josbee 12d bo sec irene ee 13. S. sprengeriana Somm. and Lev. Plant sparsely white-pubescent; leaves oblong-ovate; staminode obovate-orbicular, petaloid, narrowed at base, slightly longer than or as long as broad (rarely slightly shorter) . 27. S. grayana Maxim. Plant glabrous; leaves ovate or oblong-ovate; staminode obcordate- bilobed or reniform, 1/3 as long as broad ....................... 28. Leaf margin serrate or crenate-serrate; pedicels 0.7—1 cm long; flowers 3 in cyme; inflorescence 16-26 cm long, 5—9 cm broad; calyx lobes orbicular with broadly scarious margin; upper corolla lip and lateral 237 29. 30. 31. 32. 34. 35. 36. 211 lobes of lower lip mostly brownish red, middle lobe and tube green; staminode obcordate-bilobed; capsule globose ... 26. S. alata Gilib. Leaf margin crenate; pedicels 2-4 mm long; flowers 3-10 in cyme; inflorescence branched, lax 14-21 cm long, 4-12 cm broad; calyx lobes elliptical with narrow white-scarious margin; corolla greenish- yellow; staminode reniform; capsule oblong-ovoid ................. Sd Bebe Svc = Ott SSIES Pea ea 28. S. Czernjakowskiana B. Fedtsch. Corollayobeshequaly fetes UStthaee yee. 20 Ame ees. 30. Corolla with lobes of upper lip longer than lateral lobes of lower lip Ae. Seth. Glave -SBOTSAAlS Geel Reet ts «Babe saS. Mag: aaees Bil Leaves generally whorled, oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, incised at base or pinnatisect; calyx glabrous; corolla yellowish green, violet inside at base; capsule ovoid-pyramidal ........ 29. S. orientalis L. Leaves opposite, ovate-lanceolate, entire or denticulate; calyx glandu- lar-pubescent, with unequal lobes; corolla bluish violet; capsule ellip- SOIG epee a os) er mar. 30. S. nervosa Benth. Staminode 11/3 or 2-3 times as broad as long or as long as broad, rarely, longemthanybroadmrns...Gemed ees.0.loa.0). weal. gee. 2. ook). 32) Staminode 2—3(6) times as long as broad .....................4- 58. Leaves ovate, ovate-cordate, or oblong-lanceolate, dentate or crenate, sometimes incised, rarely entire ............... cee cece eee eee eeee 35): Leaves pinnatipartite, pinnatisect or lyrate ...................04. 43. . Plant 2-10(13) cm tall, glabrous; inflorescence dense, capitate, ovate, 2-3 cm long, 1.8—2.5 cm broad; calyx 2/5—1/2 as long as corolla with ovate or oblong, obtuse lobes ................. 31. S. minima M.B. Plant (10)40-60 cm tall; inflorescence pyramidal, paniculate or ob- long, lax, 35-40 cm long, 2.5-6 cm broad; calyx 1/2, very rarely 2/3 as long as corolla; calyx lobes elliptical or broadly orbicular, rarely oblong feSo!sciteecathheogth:. ae nation tes ORE, . RRs. 34. Plant biennial, glandular-pubescent; leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, coarsely crenate, 2-3.5 cm long, 1.4-2 cm broad; calyx 1/2-2/3 as long as corolla; corolla sparsely pubescent staminode squarish, whitish or yellowish ..................... 38. S. atropatana Grossh. Plants perennial, glabrous or pubescent; leaves lanceolate, ovate- lanceolate, or oblong, somewhat dentate, serrate or incise-dentate; calyx 1/2 as long as corolla; corolla glabrous; staminode different, brownishakcudsaty gitemaineionieion\. doveol Le cain. | pert, 35. Plants glandular-pubescent .................ccccceeeceeeeceeeeees 36. Plantsielabroustd-ca S34) ate mote na con onaees elbowed end 41. Leaves broadly lanceolate; calyx glabrous, with oblong lobes; lobes of upper corolla lip oblong, not narrowed at base; staminode orbicular, asvlongias-broadiolhi2. Selwellas. 20038 40. S. litwinowii B. Fedtsch. 238 212 + 37: 38. 39. 41. Leaves oblong or oblong-ovate; calyx glabrous or glandular-pu- bescent, with orbicular lobes; staminode ovate, oblong or cordate- rhombic, as long as broad or slightly longer ..................... 37. Leaves coarsely serrate; flowers 1-3 in cyme; calyx sparsely glandu- lar-pubescent, 2/5—2/3 as long as brownish-red corolla with red upper lip; stamens included in corolla; staminode ovate .................. Le ha ciate SANA ESTAS MR ed, 20h, EUR orboratot tot 32. S. sareptana Kleopov. Leaves irregularly or coarsely dentate, almost incised or incise-serrate; flowers 1-5 in cyme; calyx glabrous, 1/2—2/3 as long as yellowish or dark red corolla; stamens exserted; staminode ovate, obovate, oblong or cordate-rhombie? 29S 220R- BAIR IO aS, SOV EE 38. Corolla dark red, 0.5—1 cm long; staminode cordate-rhombic, 1; as long as broad; leaf margin with a few (3-5), large, upward-directed obtuse teeth s).22,/ 23 2s OS. SOS 35. S. goldeana Juz. Corolla greenish yellow red, 0.4—0.6 cm long; staminode ovate, obovate, orbicular or oblong .................- eee cece eee eee ences 39. Leaves oblong or oblong-ovate, irregularly dentate or incise-serrate, 1.5-3.5 cm long, 0.6—1.5 cm broad, corolla 5-6 mm long, yellowish, with dark red upper lip; staminode ovate or almost oblong; capsule twice as long as) calyxo8. 52:.2N9.M) See 34. S. rupestris M.B. Leaves ovate, coarsely subdentate or irregularly coarsely crenate, 2.2-3 cm long, 1.1—2.5 cm broad; corolla yellowish green or greenish red, 4.5-5 mm long; staminode obovate or orbicular; capsule 2-3 timescas dongvasycaly xn 35 sya. e hoe, ites Le ee 40. . Plant 10-25 cm tall; leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, 2.2—2.4 cm long, 0.9-1.4 cm broad; calyx 6 mm long; pedicels slender, 0.4—1 cm long; capsule broadly ovoid, 4.6 mm long, as broad, with 1-1.5 mm long beakalnqitusd bend. watlentenla aadel 36. S. charadzei Kem.-Nath. Plant 20-60(80) cm tall; leaves broadly ovate, 2-3 cm long, 1.1-2.5 cm broad, petioles narrowly winged, 2—3 mm long; pedicels somewhat thick, 3 mm long; capsule shortly ovoid, 4 mm long, 4.5 mm broad, with 0.5 mm long beak37. S. imerethica Kem.-Nath. Leaves lanceolate-oblong, (0.3)0.4—1.2 cm broad, somewhat acutely dentate, rarely flowers sessile or on 1.3—1.5 mm long pedicels; cymes 1—3-flowered, forming lax 30-40 cm long, 3-6 cm broad inflores- cence; corolla dark purple, lobes of upper lip 3 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip; stamens exserted; staminode reniform, as long as broad ...................... 39. S. nachitschevanica Grossh. Leaves broadly lanceolate or obovate, 0.5—2 cm broad, incise-dentate or incised into short lobes at base; pedicels 3:7 mm long; flowers in narrow 9-27 cm long and 2-3.5 cm broad inflorescence; corolla reddish or yellowish brown or yellowish violet, lobes of upper lip 239 42. 43. 45. 46. 47. 213 2-2.5 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip; staminode obdeltoid or obovate, as long as, or slightly longer than broad ............ 42. Leaves broadly lanceolate, 0.5—1.5 cm broad, incise-dentate; pedicels 3-5 mm long; cymes 3-7 flowered; pedicels 3-5 mm long; cymes 3—7 flowered, forming 20-27 cm long, 3 cm broad inflorescence; corolla reddish or reddish brown; stamens included; staminode triangular- orbicular, as long as broad .................... 41. S. frigida Boiss. Leaves obovate or ovate-lanceolate, 1.5—2 cm broad, incise-dentate or incised into short lobes at base; pedicels 3-7 mm long, cymes 1—3-flowered, forming 9—12.5 cm long, 2=3.5 cm broad inflorescence; corolla yellowish violet or yellowish brown; stamens exserted; stamin- ode obovate, obtuse or emarginate, slightly longer than broad ...... ete Nichoig i alae ages 9 alec Wa SNP. 42. S. integrifolia Pavl. Plant glandular-puberulent; stems dark purple, brown or reddish at basen teak.ceate, acer eetie) aeoden ieeesterg en apse tee eter Be. 44. Plants glabrous; stems generally green, rarely dark purple or reddish blackjatibasewe DOM-Peonseaniols: seslodd. naelibre Ril B. 45. . Plants herbaceous; stems numerous, spreading, projecting; leaves ovate-lanceolate, pinnatisect, with linear-oblong, acute, irregularly acute-dentate segments; calyx 1/2 as long as corolla, glabrous, with elliptical lobes; corolla brownish-red; staminode semi orbicular, as long as broad ..................000. 50. S. grossheimii B. Schischk. Semishrub; stems erect or ascending; leaves oblong, pinnatisect, with lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, incise-dentate segments; calyx 1/3—1/2 as long as corolla, glandular-pubescent, with orbicular lobes; corolla yellowish; staminode triangular-spatulate, slightly longer than broad Aa Seheryyttt «2. 8S. IM wear doa Ss eg abe MRIS 33. S. donetzica Kotov. Corolla dull brown or brownish green; lobes of upper lip almost equal- ing lateral lobes of lower lip; staminode reniform, half as Iong as broad; capsule globose-ovoid, 2-3 times as long as calyx, glabrous, reticulate, with a long beak, 2/3 as long as capsule ................. patesyalecctn Mh banc «sh o REBT. Be 46. S. rostrata Boiss. and Buhse. Corolla differently colored; lobes of upper lip 2—3(5) times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip; capsule 1.5—2 times as long as calyx, rarely as long, smooth, with a short beak ................ 0... c cece eee 46. Plants annual or biennial; corolla dark purple or dark blood red; lobes of upper lip 2-5 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip ...... 47. Plants perennial; corolla yellowish, brownish red or purple; lobes of upper lip 2-3 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip ........ 49. Plant annual or biennial; leaves oblong-ovate, doubly pinnatisect with elliptical segments; calyx glabrous or sometimes sparsely glandular- pubescent at base; lobes ovate; corolla dark purple; upper lip brighter in color, its lobes 2—2.5 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip; 240 241 214 48. 49. a2) staminode orbicular-reniform, as long as, or slightly shorter than broad; style 5 times as long as ovary .......... 44. S. olgae Grossh. Plants biennial; leaves 2- or 3-pinnatisect; with oblong or narrowly ovate segments; calyx glabrous, with orbicular lobes; corolla dark blood-red or dark brownish red, lobes of upper lip 2-5 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip; staminode ovate, orbicular or reniform. Style 2.5 times as long as Ovary ............ 02sec eee eee eee eee 48. Plants 40-60 cm tall; stems glabrous; leaf sumer oblong; pedicels 0.5—1 mm long; cymes 5—10-flowered, with 1—1.5 cm long peduncles, forming narrow 15-35 cm long, 2—-4.5 cm broad inflorescence; corolla dark brownish red; lobes of upper lip 3—5 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip; staminode reniform, more or less emarginate, 2/3 as long as broad; capsule 1.5 times as long as calyx or almost equaling it SMOKE U8 LEMAIRE, SMUT SEIOL, ERED, EIS, CPR OT 43. S. rutifolia Boiss. Plants 18—40 cm tall; stems glandular-pubescent above; leaf segments narrowly ovate; pedicels 14.5 mm long. Cymes 3-—7(8) flowered with 0.5—1.7 cm long peduncles; inflorescence 5—20(27) cm long, 3-4.5 cm broad; corolla dark blood-red; lobes of upper lip brighter in color, twice as long as. lateral lobes of lower lip; staminode ovate or orbic- ular, entire or obscurely dentate, as long as broad; capsule 1.5 times aston gtaskcaly KOU Ie ee Be 45. S. armeniaca Bordz. Corolla yellowish or pale yellow, sometimes dark red; upper lip pur- ple; calyx 1/2—2/3 as long as corolla; leaves lyrate-pinnatisect ..50. Corolla purple, dark purple or brown; calyx 1/3—2/5 (‘/2) as long as corolla; leaves pinnate, rarely lyrate-pinnatisect .......... mod ame 52: . Inflorescence dense, oblong, spicate, up to 5.5 cm long; capsule ovoid, slightly exceeding’ calyx 203.0025. co eie eee) 47. S. ruprechtii Boiss. Inflorescence lax, paniculate, pyramidal, up to 10 cm long; capsule globose,.1'/5=2 ‘timesias‘longvasicalyx T92. 1) aaa Sie . Plants up to 60 cm tall; inflorescence up to 10 cm long; corolla 4.5—5 mm long, yellowish; upper lip purple; stamens included; stamin- ode reniform, broadly cordate at base ....... 48. S. olympica Boiss. Plants 15 cm long; inflorescence up to 5 cm long; corolla 6 mm long, uniformly dark red; stamens exserted; staminode orbicular, narrowed at base, sometimes obscurely coarsely dentate ... 49. S. exilis Popl. Pedicels 0.5—-1.7 cm long; cymes 1-—3-flowered, bracts narrowly lin- ear, almost filiform; calyx 1/3—2/3 as long as corolla, with elliptical or ovate, sometimes orbicular lobes; staminode orbicular, sometimes obtusely 5-angled or ovate-spatulate, entire or obscurely dentate .... Pedicels 0.1-0.7 cm long; cymes 1—2-flowered; bracts lanceolate or linear; calyx 2/5—1/2 as long as corolla with orbicular lobes; staminode 53: 54. 55: 56. 242 + Dk 215 deltoid, reniform or orbicular, sometimes crenate-dentate in upper part Depress ese eles iycncpe ly loko tn we petver, gall sameeren, hess canulink 56. Inflorescence branched, up to 35 cm long; calyx lobes ovate, 1/3—1/2 as long as corolla; corolla dark purple or brownish red; lobes of upper lip 2-3 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip; staminode orbicular, narrowed at base, slightly broader than long, with obscurely dentate IAT ouch eee eerie in| ew lo artstyies cose lade beneath. J 54. Inflorescence unbranched, 8-25 cm long; calyx lobes elliptical or or- bicular, 1/2—2/3 as long as corolla; corolla brown or yellowish brown; lobes of upper lip 1.5—2 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip; staminode obovate-spatulate, orbicular or obtusely 5-angled, slightly longer than or as long as broad, entire .....................0000. 55! Flowers sessile or on glandular-pubescent pedicels and peduncles; calyx 1/3—2/5 as long as corolla, sometimes sparsely glandular-hairy at base; corolla 5.5 mm long, brownish red or dark purple; lobes of upper lip dark red, thrice as long as lateral lobes of lower lip and up to twice as long as staminode .......... 51. S. xanthoglossa Boiss. Flowers on glabrous pedicels and peduncles; calyx half as long as corolla, glabrous; corolla 3.5 mm long, reddish brown; lobes of upper lip red, twice as long as lateral lobes of lower lip and equaling a large Staminodest. pessccrerrend. 2. PE a... ossesce,cieicy 52. S. striata Boiss. Inflorescence 8-15 cm long; calyx half as long as corolla, with broadly elliptical lobes; corolla brown; lobes of upper lip dark violet, almost black, twice as long as lateral lobes of lower lip; staminode obovate- spatulate, suborbicular, slightly longer than broad ........... Bc: Boos, espe! oct watrtt Bt cect. exeprend Dore ompaghad 58. S. multicaulis Turcz. Inflorescence up to 25 cm long; calyx 2/3 as long as corolla, with orbicular lobes; corolla yellowish brown; lobes of upper lip sometimes reddish, 1.5—2 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip; staminode orbicular, obtusely 5-angled, as long as broad ...................... gorse, Re aierhat . ecla slate rcy. wags ‘Jeeeeeee-+- 56. S. pamiro-alaica Gorschk. Corolla reddish; lobes of upper lip 3 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip; staminode reniform, obscurely tridentate above, thrice as broad as long; style 2.5 times as long as ovary ..................... BOO PIO CCE ae ES 55. S. zaravschanica Gorschk. and Zakir. Corolla brown or reddish; lobes of upper lip twice as long as lateral lobes of lower lip; staminode deltoid or elliptical, as long as, or slightly longer than broad, sometimes subdentate above; style 4-5 times as long. a8 OVaLys.: Pegrd pe ecto: satel: tno adumahiseapeldes « Sth Calyx glabrous; corolla reddish; filaments sparsely glandular-pubes- cent; staminode deltoid ............... 54. S. fedtschenkoi Gorschk. 216 58. 59. 60. 61. 243) 62. 63. Calyx sometimes glandular-pubescent in lower part; corolla brown; lobes of upper lip reddish violet; filaments glabrous; staminode elliptical or almost 4-angled ......... 57. S. gontscharovii Gorschk. Leaves oblong-ovate to linear, acute, narrowed at both ends, coarsely serrate or dentate, sometimes entire or pinnatipartite, rarely incise- dentate ange. 28, o R00) SR SO, WUE A eet) 2. EIR 59. Leaves oblong-ovate or linear, all pinnatifid or pinnatisect, sometimes pinnatipartite, rarely lyrate-pinnatisect ...................... e008. 62. Semishrub, glabrous, bark covered with whitish bloom, year-old branches without bloom, greenish violet; leaves oblong, sessile, entire; corolla brownish red; upper lip bright red, lobes slightly exceeding lateral lobes of lower lip; staminode lanceolate, acuminate, 2.5 times as long as broad; seeds 2 mm long, 1.2 mm broad ................. SARLDARIS, SISA IGIS. ZOSKA EMIT. SCID: BS. Ie 60. S. leucoclada Bge. Plants perennial or biennial; stems without whitish bloom; leaves ob- long to linear, dentate, rarely serrate; corolla with lobes of upper lip 1.5—3 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip; seeds 1—-1.5(1.7) mm long; (0:5)0:7-O!8 mm broad: et LAA, a 60. Plant biennial, glabrous; leaves oblong, acute, dentate; calyx lobes ovate; capsule’ 1:5 times long as'calyx" 2... 3006.25. 225) Rt NAR hh, erctcht ES told Rhee 59. S. haematantha Boiss. and Heldr. Plants perennial, glandular-pubescent, very rarely glabrous; leaves oblong-ovate to lanceolate, dentate, rarely pinnatipartite ......... 60. Leaves oblong-ovate ot oblong, obtuse, dentate or pinnatipartite, 1.5—-5 cm long, 1-2 cm broad; calyx glandular-pubescent; corolla brownish dark purple; lobes of upper lip 1.5 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip; capsule twice as long as calyx .................. eR STE SOS A BiG 5 ORS LCOS, Bae 62. S. canascens Bong. Leaves lanceolate or linear, 1—2.5 cm long, 0.2-0.5 cm broad, acute, with a few large teeth along margin; calyx sparsely glandular- pubescent; corolla dark blood-red or reddish; lobes of upper lip thrice as long as lateral lobes of lower lip; capsule 1.5 as times as long ‘as*calyx 12-238 STE eee, 61. S. cretacea Fisch. Plants: biennial: -¥°87 Be Ut ee SS, ee ee OS: 63. Plants perennial © 22 0e ee, TEE. tea ca kt eh teeta eee eee 66. Plant glabrous; leaves pinnatipartite, with oblong, incised lobes; inflo- rescence broadly paniculate, 25-30 cm long; corolla brownish; lobes of upper lip slightly exceeding lateral lobes of lower lip; staminode oblong, subacute, 2—2.5 times as long as broad ..................... CEA DRS MRORe SUIS | tet 72. S. sangtodensis B. Fedtsch. Plants pubescent; leaves deeply, sometimes even multi-pinnatisect or lyrate-pinnatipartite, with narrowly linear or somewhat oblong lobes; 244 65. 67. 68. 69. 2AT inflorescence 7-23 cm long; corolla purple or blood red; lobes of upper lip 1.5-3 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip ....... 64. . Plant 17-30 cm long, glandular-hairy throughout; leaves oblong-ovate, all deeply pinnatisect, with narrow-linear acute lobes; inflorescence 7-10 cm long, 1.2—2 cm broad, calyx lobes with narrow white margin; corolla dark purple; lobes of upper lip 1.5 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip; staminode oblong, 1.5—2 times as long as broad ...... Ure earned 4 parlance: su.ve cpt Pet see yt sere EIR: 63. S. zuvandica Grossh. Plants 20-60 cm tall, covered throughout with numerous white, calci- fied, round, plane hairs; leaves oblong-elliptical, lyrate-pinnatipartite, sometimes multipinnatisect; lower leaves generally entire, sometimes coarsely dentate-lobed; inflorescence up to 23 cm long; calyx lobes with broad, white- or brown-scarious margin; corolla blood-red or purple; lobes of upper lip 2—3 times as long as lateral lobes of lower IMDS a etleenecte cs ex ase epee Gs Ste RT ep Rep IC Lg 65. Radical leaves numerous (10-20), forming rosette, oblong-elliptical, subdentate-lobed or lyrate-pinnatipartite; cauline leaves few, often doubly pinnatipartite; upper corolla lip brighter in color, with lobes 3 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip; staminode oblong or oblong-ovate, 2 times as long as broad ...... 64. S. pruinosa Boiss. Leaves multi-pinnatisect, rarely radical leaves entire or lobed; corolla uniformly colored; lobes of upper lip 2 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip; staminode oblong, 3 times as long as broad .......... HD BE RRM b.. RAMA, ened, 65. S. dissecta (B. Fedtsch.) Gorschk. .. Plants. glandular-pubescent,..:. 2708220. 222k oe. 67. Plants! glabrous nea ake. IA: casio oleae cind care osead awe ne. 68. Plant perennial, herbaceous; leaves 3-4 cm long, 1.5—2 cm broad; in- florescence racemose, 6—20 cm long, 1.5—3 cm broad; calyx lobes with narrow white-scarious margin; corolla dark purple, sparsely glandular- pubescent outside; lobes of upper lip 3 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip; staminode oblanceolate, with three small teeth; capsule with beak almost equaling it ....... 70. S. czapandaghii B. Fedtsch. Semishrub; leaves 1—-1.5 cm long, 0.6—-0.8 cm broad; inflorescence pyramidal, oblong, 3—11(15) cm long, 2-3 cm broad; calyx lobes with broad scarious margin; corolla glabrous, yellowish; upper lip dark red with lobes 2.5 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip; staminode obovate or ovate-spatulate, rarely oblong; capsule shortly mucronate Sc core SNe Set RR PERE ORD os reo 67. S. variegata M.B. Plants with numerous, virgate, erect, simple or sometimes branched SLEMIS caseeosniy. . Aue bo NE Ed SOOO Ce eR SS Si ead 69. Plants with nonvirgate branched stems .......................05- 70. Leaves pinnatisect, with narrowly lanceolate, generally linear, en- tire lobes; pedicels longer than calyx; cymes 3-5-flowered forming 218 2457 \e W2. 73. 10-18(30) cm long inflorescence; corolla purple; lobes of upper lip purplish violet, 2 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip; lobes of lower lip whitish or yellowish above; staminode oblong, acute, purple, with whitish margin, sparsely glandular-pubescent ................. A ESL RCT REGS RL OE OL 68. S. thesioides Boiss. and Buhse. Leaves pinnatisect, lobes oblong-lanceolate or obovate, incise-serrate; flowers sessile or on pedicels 1/4—1/2 as long as calyx, cymes 2-9- flowered, forming 15-30 cm long inflorescence; corolla scarlet, purple or dark red; lobes of upper lip with whitish margin, 3-4 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip; staminode lanceolate, acute, smooth, sometimes abSent"* es. naece soc. otdtee as ote see 66. S. canina L. Leaves pinnatipartites 72... 2 ener. eae ees cee ae eio ae 7 _ Leaves deeply incised, lyrate-pinnatipartite, coarsely dentate, often doubly dentate;-or-Entie; <.-.occan cee oh eee ee sae ae nee qe Lower leaves 2-6 cm long, 1—1.5 cm broad with oblong, acute lobes; inflorescence 20 cm long, 3-4 cm broad; corolla dark red; lobes of upper lip 2 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip; stamens in- cluded; staminode lanceolate, acuminate, 2—3 times as long as broad; capsulesslobose, hoe ole sss 69. S. turcomanica Bornm. and Sint. Leaves 0.8—-1.7 cm long, 0.3—1 cm broad, lobes oblong-lanceolate, dentate, subacute; inflorescence 3.5—-4 cm long, 1.2—1.5 cm broad; corolla violet; lobes of upper lip slightly exceeding lateral lobes of lower lip; stamens exserted, staminode oblong, 3 times as long as broad, acuminate; capsule globose ................-.--eeeeee cece eens AEE rs Sieh, SMe IEP tg Pe 71. S. kabadianensis B. Fedtsch. Lower leaves obovate-cuneate, subdentate, other leaves pinnatisect or doubly pinnatisect, lobes dentate, narrowly lanceolate or linear, acute; calyx half as long as corolla, with oblong lobes; corolla purplish brown, lobes of upper lip 3-4 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip, lateral lobes white margined in upper part; staminode orbicular, narrowed at base, yellowish, equaling or sometimes exceeding lobes of upper corolla lip ........... 53. S. decipiens Boiss. and Kotschy. Lower leaves sometimes and other leaves generally deeply incised, lyrate-pinnate or dentate, with linear-lanceolate lobes; calyx !/4—1/2 as long as corolla, with orbicular lobes; corolla dark purple, lobes of upper lip 2 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip; staminode oblong or lanceolate, 2—2.5 times as long as broad .............. WB Plants up to 85 cm tall; leaves pinnatisect or sometimes deeply incised or lyrate-pinnate at base, with linear-lanceolate, serrate-dentate lobes; calyx 1/3-1/2 as long as corolla; staminode lanceolate ............. _ exe telat alr Aap St. MeALnNe. BEC Pate EN 73. S. kiriloviana Schischk. 246 219 + Plants up to 45 cm tall; leaves oblong-elliptical or ovate-lanceolate, doubly dentate, entire or lyrate-pinnatifid; calyx 1/4-1/3 as long as corolla; staminode oblong .................. .. 74. S. incisa Weinm. Section 1. Anastomosanthes Stiefelhag. in Bot. Jahrbuch. 44 B (1910) 428.—Plants densely leafy. Lower leaves (2.6)3.5-15(17) cm long, (3)6-11(13) cm broad, entire, with distinctly anastomosed veins underneath. Subsection 1. Vernales Stiefelhag. in Bot. Jahrbuch. 44 B (1910) 428.—Corolla lobes equal. Staminode absent. Series 1. Lateriflorae Gorschk.—Leaves lanceolate, oblong or ellipti- cal-cordate, 2-5 times as long as broad. Plants perennial. 1. S. verticillata Gontsch. and Grig. in Tr. Tadzh. bazy Akad. Nauk SSSR, II (1936) 180. Perennial. Plants up to 120 cm tall. Stems numerous, glabrous, cylin- drical, sulcate, leafy, internodes much shorter than leaves. Leaves in whorls of 6, lanceolate, 15-17 cm long, 2.2—2.7 cm broad, abruptly nar- rowed at base, gradually tapering toward apex, acute, entire, glabrous, thin, © prominently pinnate-veined beneath. Flowers numerous on 4—5(6) mm long pedicels, 3-5 in a cymes; cymes 6-8 together in verticil, with 1.3-2 cm long peduncles forming leafless, oblong, interrupted, 40 cm long and up to 5 cm broad inflorescence. Bracts 6 in verticil, linear, 7-8 mm long, glandular-puberulent. Calyx 2/5 as long as corolla; lobes elliptical or orbicular-elliptical, 2 mm long; green, with narrow scar- ious margin. Corolla green, 6 mm long, campanulate-urceolate; lobes subequal, orbicular-truncate, about 1.5 mm long, 1.2—1.3 mm broad. Sta- mens exserted; filaments glandular-pubescent; anthers large, suborbicular; staminode absent. Style 6 mm long, subarcuate. Capsule globose-ellipsoid, 6 mm long. July. In mountains near lower edge of subalpine belt at 2680 m—Soviet Central Asia: Pamiro-Alai. Endemic. Described from Vakhsh Range to- ward north of Baldzhuan. Type lost. 2. S. lateriflora Trautv. in Bull. Acad. Pétersb. X (1866) 396; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 392; 455; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 374.—S. clandestina Rupr. ex Boiss. Fl. or. IV (1879) 392.—Ic.: Bot. Jahrb. XXII, tab. 16, f. 4S-48.—Exs.: Herb, Fl. Cauc. No. 587. Perennial. Plant 25-60 cm tall, bluish gray or bluish green. Stems slender, somewhat fusiform, generally violet, simple or sometimes branched, glabrous or pubescent (f. pubescens Boiss.). Leaves opposite, oblong-lanceolate, rarely subfalcate, (2.5)8-12(21) cm long, (0.6)2.5—4(7) cm broad, mucronate, bluish-green, cordate at base, serrulate, 247 220 glabrous or lower leaves sparsely pubescent beneath along veins (f. pubescens Boiss.), all with 3 mm long petioles. Flowers numerous, on filiform glabrous 1—2 cm long pedicels, 2.5—5 times as long as corolla, cymes lateral 3—5(8)-flowered, sparse, with glabrous axillary 1-2.5 cm long peduncles, shorter than leaves. Bracts linear-subulate or setaceous, 0.7-1.5 mm long. Calyx glabrous, 1.5—2 mm long, cleft halfway: lobes deitoid-ovate, 1-1.3 mm long, 1—-1.2 mm broad, subacute, with narrow white-scarious margin. Corolla light green, 3.8-4 mm long, lobes equal, 1 mm long. Stamens exserted; filaments glabrous; staminode absent. Ovary ovoid, smooth, 1.5 mm long and broad: style glabrous, 2.5 mm long. Capsule globose-ovoid, smooth, yellowish brown, 3.5-4(5) mm long and broad, acute. Seeds ellipsoid, dark brown, 0.7 mm long, 0.4 mm broad. May to July. In alpine and subalpine mountain belts, beech forests, forest edges, glades, along river and stream banks.—Caucasus: Ciscaucasia (between Kora and Daem). Dagestan, western and eastern Transcaucasia. Endemic. Described from Muri. Type in Leningrad. 3. S. nikitinii Gorschk. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, XVI (1954) 333. Perennial. Plant 45—50 cm tall. Stems, petioles, pedicels and calyces densely covered with crystalline salt grains. Stem cylindrical, erect. Leaves oblong or oblong-elliptical, smooth, obtuse; lower leaves 2.6—3.2 cm long, 1.5 cm broad; middle 4.5—9 cm long, 2.4—3 cm broad, both with 2 cm long petioles; upper leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 3.5—5 cm long, 0.6—1.4 cm broad, subacute, sessile or with 3-5 mm long petioles; all leaves entire or upper coarsely dentate, with sparse, anastomosed veins beneath. Inflorescence narrow, 7-18 cm long, 0.6—0.8 cm broad. Bracts lanceolate-linear or linear, 1.5-—2 mm long, 0.2-0.3 mm broad, acute. Flowers numerous, on 1 mm long pedicels. Calyx 1/2 as long as corolla; lobes elliptical 1.8 mm long, 1.5 mm broad, with broad white-scarious margin. Corolla greenish brown, 5 mm long, sparsely glandular-puberulent outside; lobes of upper lip elliptical, slightly exceeding lateral lobes of lower lip. Stamens exserted; filaments diffusely glandular-pubescent; staminode absent. Ovary globose, 1 mm in diameter; style 5 times as long as ovary. Capsule globose, (4)5-6 mm in diameter, smooth, brown, mucronate. Seeds oblong, 0.7 mm long, 0.4 mm broad. May to June. On northern slopes of mountains.—Soviet Central Asia: mountain- ous regions of Turkmenia (Badkhyz). Endemic. Described from Gyaz- Gyadyk Range, near Rakhmatur Pass. Type in Leningrad. Isotype in Ashkhabad. 248 249 221 4. S. tadshicorum Gontsch. in Tr. Tadzh. bazy Akad. Nauk SSSR, II (1936) 182. Perennial. Plant 90-110. cm tall, densely glandular-pubescent ex- cept for corolla, ovary and capsule. Stems solitary or few, erect, almost 4-angled, sparsely glandular-pubescent below, densely above. Leaves elliptical-cordate; lower 11-17 cm long, 6.6-10(13) cm broad; upper 5—6.6 cm long, 3.54 cm broad, acute or subacute, irregularly sharply dentate, deeply cordate at base; upper surface bright green, with scat- tered minute appressed glandular hairs and isolated simple, white, long hairs; lower surface grayish, densely glandular-puberulent; all leaves with glandular-pubescent 4.5—6 cm long (2.5—3 cm long in upper leaves) peti- oles; floral leaves oblong-lanceolate, 2.5-3 cm long, 0.4—1.3 cm broad, acute, with 0.7—1.5 cm long petioles; middle and upper floral leaves linear, 1.2-2 cm long, 1-2 mm broad, subacute, sessile. Flowers nu- merous, on 3-9 mm long pedicels, solitary or in 2—3-flowered cymes with 1—3.5(6) cm long common peduncles, forming sparse pyramidal, oblong 19-32(50) cm long, 10 cm broad inflorescence. Bracts linear- lanceolate or linear, 2-6 mm long, equaling or shorter than pedicel. Calyx divided almost to base, 5 mm long, densely glandular-pubescent, lobes lanceolate-linear, 4 mm long, 1—1.2(1.5) mm broad, subobtuse, with narrow scarious margin. Corolla campanulate, green, 5-6 mm long, 3-4 mm broad, glabrous, lobes of upper lip oblong-orbicular, generally equaling lateral lobes of lower lip. Stamens exserted; filaments glandular; staminode absent. Ovary globose-ovoid, 1.5 mm long, 1.3—1.5 mm broad; style 4 times or more in length than ovary. Capsule globose-conical, 5—6 mm long, 4-5 mm broad, glabrous. Seeds oblong, obtuse, 1 mm long, 0.5-0.6 mm broad. July. (Plate X, fig. 1). In maple-rose region of scrub-forest zone.—Soviet Central Asia: Pamiro-Alai. Endemic. Described from Vakhsh Range, from western slope of Mt. Sufan Mir-Tau. Type in Leningrad. Series 2. Chrysanthae Gorschk.—Leaves ovate or cordate, usually as long as broad. Plants generally annual or biennial. 5. S. kotschyana Benth. in DC. Prodr. X (1846) 303; Boiss. FI. or. IV, 390; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. Il, 374.—S. byzantina Benth. in DC. Prodr. X (1846) 303.—S. viscosa Boiss. Fl. or. IV (1879) 391.—Ic.: Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. I, tab 3, f. 20. Biennial. Plants 20-60 cm tall, more or less glandular-tomentose (ex- cept calyx and corolla). Stem brownish or usually light violet, flexuous. Leaves thin, delicate, orbicular-cordate, 7-9 cm long, 7—11(13) cm broad, base cuneate, margin incise-dentate, ciliate; petioles 2-6 cm long, lower petioles 16 cm long; upper leaves 3.5-8 cm long, 4-10 cm broad, sub- sessile. Flowers sparse; pedicels, 1 cm long, almost 3 times as long 250 222 as calyx, sparsely glandular-pubescent, subglabrous in upper part, flowers 2—5 in terminal, opposite, axillary cymes with 1-2 cm long glandular-hairy peduncles, in lax pyramidal, 15—25(30) cm long, 3-6 cm broad panicu- late inflorescence. Bracts linear, 1.5—2 mm long, 0.5 mm broad, acute, 1/5 as long as pedicels. Calyx glabrous, deeply parted, 3-3.5 mm long, lobes broad, ovate, obtuse, fringed, 2—2.5 mm long, 1—-1.5 mm broad. Corolla dull pink, urceolate, glabrous, 7 mm long, 5 mm broad, lobes subequal. Stamens exserted; filaments glabrous; staminode absent. Ovary ovoid, 2 mm long, dark brown, glandular-pubescent; style filiform, 3-4 times as long as ovary, erect or slightly bent above. Capsule ovoid, yel- lowish, 5-7 mm long, 4.5-6 mm broad, apiculate, glandular-puberulent. Seeds ellipsoid, 1 mm long, 0.6 mm broad, dark brown. April. In middle mountain zone-——Caucasus: western Transcaucasia. Gen- eral distribution: Asia Minor (eastern Anatolia). Described from Taurus Mts. Type in Leningrad. 6. S. chrysantha Jaub. and Spach; Illustr. pl. or. II (1847-1850) 26; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 390; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 374.—S. vernalis M.B. Fl. taur.-cauc. II (1808) 76, non L.—S. minima Benth. in DC. Prodr. X (1846) 303, non M.B.—S. congesta Stev. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXX, I (1857) 348.—S. chrysantha var. intermedia Somm. and Lev. in Tr. Bot. sada, XVI (1900) 360.—S. calycina Boiss. in Bal. exs. 1866.—Ic.: Jaub. and Spach, I.c. tab. 220; Bot. Mag. CVIII tab. 6629.—Exs.: Fl. Cauc. exs. No. 73; Pl. or. exs. No. 196. Biennial. Plant 13-60 cm tall, crispate-hirsute, covered with white, up to 3.5 mm long hairs. Stem simple, erect, almost 4-angled, violet. Leaves thin, rugose, upper surface sparsely pubescent, lower more densely so; radical leaves cordate- or subreniform-orbicular, (2)3.5—-5 cm long, (1.8)3-5.5 cm broad, obtuse, doubly dentate with 6-8 cm long villous petioles; cauline leaves opposite, similar to radical leaves, 3—-3.5 cm long and 3-3.5 cm broad, with 1-3 cm long petioles; upper leaves ovate- cordate, as long as cauline, with 0.5-0.7 cm long petioles or subsessile; floral leaves ovate, connivent, 2 cm long, 0.8 cm broad, sessile. Flow- ers numerous, on 4 mm long pedicels, in cymes with 0.6-1.5 cm long peduncles, forming dense, ovoid, oblong or sometimes almost semiglo- bose leafy 0.5-2.5 cm long, 1.5—3 cm broad inflorescence or pyramidal lax inflorescence (var. calycina Boiss.). Bracts lanceolate or lanceolate- linear, pubescent, 2-4 mm long, 0.3 mm broad, shorter than or equaling pedicels. Calyx green, 44.5(7) mm long, densely white glandular-hairy; lobes lanceolate-oblong, 4(5) mm long, 1 mm broad. Corolla 6.5(10) mm long, urceolate, subglobose (var. calycina Boiss.), glabrous, yellow, with 5 short lobes, four of them suborbicular, convergent, slightly exceeding the lower obovate orbicular recurved lobe. Staminode absent; stamens 251 223 exserted; filaments glandular-pubescent. Ovary sparsely glandular-hairy, ovoid, 1 mm long and broad; style filiform, 5-10 times as long as ovary somewhat curved above; stigma subglobose, obscurely 2-lobed. Capsule oblong, 5.5(9) mm long, 4.5 mm broad, mucronate, glandular-puberulent. — Seeds oblong, 0.7 mm long, 0.4 mm broad, dark brown, almost black. May to July. ‘In upper mountain zone (up to 2500 m.) in rocky areas and subalpine grasslands, edges of beech and fir forests Caucasus: Ciscaucasia, west- ern, eastern and southern Transcaucasia. General distribution: Armenia- Kurdistan. Described from Armenia. Type in Paris. 7. S. lunariifolia Boiss. and Bal. in Boiss. Fl. or. IV (1879) 390; Grossh. Opred. rast. Kavk..307.—S. vernalis L. var. lunariifolia (Boiss. and Bal.) O. Ktze. in Tr. Bot. sada, X (1887) 222.—S. chrysantha var. lunariifolia Albov, Prodr. Fl. Colch. (1895) 188.—S. calycina Grossh. FI. Kavk. III (1932) 375, non Boiss.—Exs.: Herb. Fl. Cauc. No. 588. Biennial. Plant 50 cm tall. Stem glandular-pubescent above, yellowish brown or dark violet. Leaves thin, glabrous; lower leaves ovate or deeply cordate-orbicular, 4—6(14) cm long, 3.5—6(16) cm broad, doubly dentate, with 1-6.5 cm long petioles; cauline leaves broadly deltoid-ovate, 1-5 cm long, 1—-5.5 cm broad, doubly serrate, with 1-1.5 cm long petioles; flo- ral leaves similar to cauline, 1—1.2(2.5) cm long, 0.6—2.3 cm broad, ses- sile. Flowers on glabrous 2—5 mm long pedicels in cymes with glabrous 4—5(10) cm long peduncles and forming pyramidal, leafy 3—7 cm long, 2-3.5 cm broad inflorescence. Bracts oblong, acute, 4 mm long. Calyx 3-3.5 mm long, deeply incised, sparsely pubescent; lobes broadly lanceo- late 2—2.3 mm long, 1—1.5 mm broad, acute, nonfimbriate. Corolla urceo- late, 5-6 mm long, yellow, glabrous, with subequal lobes. Stamens slightly exserted, glabrous; staminode absent. Ovary ovoid, glandular-pubescent, yellowish brown, 2 mm long, 1.7 mm broad; style 5 mm long. Cap- sule oblong-ovoid, 6-7 mm long, 4—6 mm broad, glandular-puberulent, mucronate. Seeds 1 mm long, 0.6 mm broad, dark brown. April to June. In lower mountain zone on grasslands, along forest edges, on rocky slopes and waste lands. Caucasus: western and eastern Transcaucasia. General distribution: Balkan States-Asia Minor. Described from Lazistan. Type in Leningrad. 8. S. hyrcana Grossh. Opred. rast. Kavkaza (1949) 307.—S. vernalis L. var. hyrcana Grossh. in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, 2, 1 (1920) 21; Fl. Kavk. II, S75: Perennial. Plant (20)40-100 cm tall; all parts, except corolla, densely covered with patent simple, up to 1 mm long, multicellular, white and glandular hairs. Stems erect, dark red or greenish brown, 4-angled, 252 224 glandular-hairy, especially in upper part. Lower leaves deltoid-ovate, 5 cm long, 5.5 cm broad, acute, base cordate, margin repeatedly dentate with 35.5 cm long petioles; cauline and floral leaves deltoid-ovate, 2-6.5 cm long, 1-6.5 cm broad, acute, base mostly cuneately truncate or oblique, margin, doubly serrate, petioles 0.2—-2.5 cm long; floral leaves sometimes sessile; all leaves thin, dark green, upper surface subglabrous, lower, espe- cially veins as well as petioles, softly glandular-white-pubescent. Flowers generally numerous, on 1.8—2 mm long pedicels, glandular-puberulent, 2—5 in cymes with axillary 1-7 cm long glandular peduncles forming long lax, rarely leafy, pyramidal 6-21 cm long, 2.5—6 cm broad inflorescence. Bracts linear, acute, 1.5—-2 mm long. Calyx 3.5 mm long, glandular-pubescent; lobes oblong-ovate 2.5 mm long, 1.8 mm broad, obtuse, nonfimbri- ate, often reflexed, glandular-ciliate. Corolla greenish yellow, urceolate, 5.5—6 mm long, 3.5 mm broad, narrowed in upper part, lobes almost iden- tical. Stamens exserted; filaments sparsely glandular-pubescent; staminode absent. Ovary ovoid, dark brown, 1.5 mm long, 1.2 mm broad, glandular- puberulent; style 5 mm long. Capsule oblong-ovoid, 7-8 mm long, 5 mm broad, shortly mucronate, glandular-pubescent. Seeds oblong-ovoid, dark brown, 1.2 mm long, 0.7 mm broad. April to May. (Plate X, fig. 3). In rocky areas, on forest slopes and in ravines. Caucasus: east- ern Transcaucasia, Talysh. Endemic. Described from Talysh. Type in Leningrad. 9. S. vernalis. L. Sp. pl. (1753) 620; M.B. Fl. taur.-cauc. II, 76; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 303; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 215; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 389; Schmalh. FI. II, 265; l.c. 456.—S. clausii Boiss. and Buhse in Nouv. Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XII (1860) 163;—Venilia vernalis Fourr. in Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon. N. S. XVII (1869) 125.—Ic.: Fl. Dan. HII, tab. 411; Engl. Bot. VI, tab. 951; Coste, Fl. fr. III, 6; Syreistsch. Ill. fl. Mosk. gub. III, 134; Fedtsch. and Fler. Fl. Evrop. Ross. fig. 792; Hegi, Illustr. Fl. Mittel-Eur. VI, 1, 31.—#Exs.: Pl. Finl. exs. No. 344. Annual or biennial. Plant (15)30-60(100) cm tall, softly glandular- hairy. Stems 4-angled, simple, sometimes branched, brown, pubescent above. Lower leaves deltoid-ovate, 4-6 cm long, 4.5—6.5 cm broad, shallow-sinuate at base, margin doubly dentate, primary teeth deltoid- ovate, large, 4 mm long, 6 mm broad (margins not overlapping), secondary teeth (3-6) acute; petioles 5-8 cm long; cauline and floral leaves 2—-4.5 cm long, 1.5-4.5 cm broad, deltoid-ovate, acute, base cuneate, petioles 3-6.5 cm long, margin doubly serrate, primary teeth 4-5 mm long and broad, acute, secondary teeth few (1-3.5) [sic], especially in flo- ral leaves, the latter sessile or with 0.5—1.7 cm long petioles; all leaves thin, green, upper surface subglabrous, lower densely white-glandular- hairy along the veins and also petioles. Flowers few, on 1-1.5 mm long 255 225 slender pedicels; cymes 2—3-flowered with slender axillary 1.8-3 cm long glandular-pubescent peduncles forming lax, pyramidal, sparsely leafy, 13-15 cm long, 5-6 cm broad inflorescence. Bracts linear or oblong- linear, 2 mm long. Calyx 4-5 mm long, glandular-pubescent, lobes ovate or oblong-ovate, 3.54.5 mm long, 1.5 mm broad, subacute, without scar- ious margin, glandular-ciliate, often recurved. Corolla yellowish green, glabrous, urceolate, 6 mm long, 5 mm broad, narrow above, lobes almost identical. Stamens exserted, filaments smooth; staminode undeveloped. Ovary ovoid, glabrous, 1 mm long, 0.5 mm broad; style 6 times as long as ovary. Capsule ovoid or oblong, glabrous, 6-8 mm long, 4-5.5 mm broad, acuminate. Seeds oblong-ellipsoid, 0.7 mm long, 0.5 mm broad, dark brown. April to May. (Plate X, fig. 2). On grassy slopes, in shady places among shrubs, in gardens and parks.—European USSR: Upper Volga (Moscow Province), Middle Dnie- per, Volga-Don, Lower Don, Bessarabia. General distribution: Central and Atlantic Europe, Mediterranean Region, described from Western Europe. Type in London. Subsection 2. Scorodonia G. Don, Gen. Hist. IV (1837) 507.—Lobes of upper corolla lip 2—4 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip. Stamin- ode variable. Series 3. Mimulopsis (Boiss.) Gorschk—Mimulopsis Boiss. FI. or. IV (1879) 394, subsection—Leaves oblong-ovate, sessile, cordate- amplexicaul at base. 10. S. amplexicaulis Benth. in DC. Prodr. X (1846) 310; Boiss. FI. or. IV, 394; Grossh. Opred. rast. Kavk. 308. Perennial. Plant 20-50 cm tall, densely glandular, sometimes with a few stellate white hairs. Stems numerous, cylindrical, simple or slightly branched at base. Lower leaves obovate, obtuse, 1.2 cm long, 0.8 cm broad, others oblong-ovate, acute or acuminate (2)4.8-5.3 cm long, 0.7—2 cm broad, cordate-amplexicaul at base. Leaves all sessile, closely veined, sharply-dentate, both surfaces glandular-hairy, with a few stellate hairs; floral leaves linear, subacute, 4-6 mm long, 0.3-0.5 mm broad, upper sur- face diffusely glandular-pubescent. Flowers subsessile or on erect, 2.5 mm long pedicels; pedicles and peduncles densely glandular-pubescent, with a few stellate hairs. Flowers 1-5 in regularly spaced cymes with 3-8 mm long peduncles, forming spicate, leafless, lax 3-8.5 cm long, 2—2.5 cm broad inflorescence. Bracts lanceolate-setose, 1.8 mm long, scarious, acute. Calyx glabrous or sometimes diffusely glandular-pubescent in lower part, 3 mm long; lobes ovate, with broad scarious margins, 2 mm long, 1.8-2 mm broad. Corolla glabrous, yellowish green, urceolate- campanulate, 9 mm long, 5 mm broad; lobes of upper lip oblong, some- what narrow at base, 2—2.5 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip. 226 256 227 Stamens included, filaments glabrous; staminode oblong, scaphoid, 2 times as long as broad. Ovary oblong-conical, 2.5 mm long, 2 mm broad, yellowish brown; style slightly longer than ovary. Capsule with elongated conical tip, 0.9-1.2 cm long, 4.5-6 mm broad, glabrous, acuminate. Seeds 0.7 mm long, 0.4 mm broad, dark brown. June to July. In subalpine zone, on dry steppe slopes——Caucasus: Talysh. General distribution: Iran. Described from Savalan in Gilyan. Type in Leningrad. Note. The plant, rare in our country, was collected by N.V. Shipchin- skii in 1931 from the southern part of Azerbaijan SSR, in the vicinity of the Karabakgordinsky border post, at an alt. of 2400 m.. Series 4. Ilvenses Gorschk.—Leaves oblong-ovate, with rounded or cuneate base, and 0.5—3 cm long petioles, usually inrosette; upper leaves sessile, auriculate, semiamplexicaul. 11. S. ilvensis C. Koch in Linnaea, XVII (1843) 284; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 310; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 394; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 375. Annual. Plant 15-50 cm tall, diffusely glandular with black hairs. Stem erect, simple, dark or light violet. Lower leaves usually in rosette, oblong-ovate, 2-4(6) cm long, 1.7—3.5 cm broad, subacute, rounded or cuneate at base, doubly dentate-serrate, with 2-3 cm long petioles; cauline leaves 2-4.5 cm long, 0.8—3 cm broad, oblong-ovate, acute, margins dou- bly dentate-serrate or incised, with 0.5—1.5 cm long petioles; floral leaves 0.5-1.5 cm long, 0.2-0.6 cm broad, oblong-lanceolate, floral and up- per leaves sessile, auriculate, semiamplexicaul. Flowers on glandular, 0.8-1.5 mm long pedicels; cymes 1-3 flowered with diffusely glandular- pubescent, 0.4—1.3 cm long peduncles, forming erect, narrow, pyramidal 2.5—17(30) cm long, 2-3 cm broad inflorescence (sometimes from the base itself). Bracts 1.5 mm long, 0.5 mm broad, oblong-lanceolate, sparsely glandular-hairy. Calyx 4 mm long, glabrous; lobes orbicular, obtuse 2 mm long, 3 mm broad, green, violet in upper part, with broad, white-scarious margin. Corolla purple, 0.9-1 cm long; lobes of upper lip orbicular, 2 times as long as the flat lateral lobes of lower lip. Stamens exserted, filaments glabrous; staminode reniform, 3 times as broad as long. Ovary yellowish brown, ovoid, 2.5 mm long and broad, glabrous; style thrice or more longer than ovary. Capsule smooth, 6-7.5 mm long, 5 mm broad, ovoid, yellowish brown, pointed. Seeds 0.7 mm long, 0.3 mm broad, yellowish brown. May to July. (Plate XI, fig. 2). Plate X. 1. Scrophularia tadshicorum Gontsch., portion of plant, section of corolla, capsule —2. S. vernalis L., portions of plant, capsule, section of corolla——3. S. hyrcana Grossh., portion of plant, section of corolla, capsule. 257 228 In the middle mountain zone in coniferous forests (up to 2600 m)— Caucasus: western, eastern and southern Transcaucasia. General distribu- tion: Armenia-Kurdistan. Described from Mt. Ilvensib in Somkhetia. Type in Leningrad. Series 5. Divaricatae Gorschk.—Leaves ovate-cordate or oblong- ovate, sometimes hastate, slightly longer than broad, margin sharply crenate-dentate or doubly incise-dentate; petioles (0.6)1—3 cm long. 12. S. divaricata Ldb. in Ind. sem. hort. Dorp. (1822) 17; FI. alt. II, 440 in adnot.; Fl. Ross. III, 216; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 305; Boiss. FI. or. IV, 397; Schmalh. Fl. II, 266; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 376.—S. georgia Benth. l.c.—Ic.: Ldb. Ic. Pl. Fl. Ross. II, tab. 121. Perennial. Plant 40-60(100) cm tall, glandular villous throughout, hairs white. Stem erect, branched obtuse-angled, more or less violet. Leaves thin, broadly cordate-ovate, 5—10(11) cm long, 5-8.5 cm broad, Tugose, acute, sharply dentate-lobed or doubly incise-dentate, petioles (1.5)3—5.5 cm long; floral leaves similar in form, (1.5)2.5-5(7) cm long, (1)3-7 cm broad, acute, with 1.3 cm long petioles; all leaves and petioles lanate, ciliate. Flowers few, pedicels 1-1.2 cm long, pubescent, gener- ally glabrous above; cymes 2-5-flowered, divaricate with villous axillary peduncles, forming lax 18(45) cm long, 4-9 cm broad panicle. Bracts nar- rowly linear. Calyx glabrous; lobes ovate, with narrow scarious margin, subacute, 2-2.5 mm long, 1.4—1.5 mm broad. Corolla brownish green, 6-7.5(8) mm long, 4-5 mm broad, tubular-urceolate; lobes of upper lip orbicular, 3 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip. Stamens included, filaments diffusely glandular-pubescent; staminode reniform, slightly or 2 times as broad as long. Ovary ovoid, 1—-1.5 mm long, glabrous; style exserted, 4.5 mm long, filiform, curved above. Capsule ovoid, 5.5-6.5 mm long, 5—7.5 mm broad, glabrous, yellowish, mucronate. Seeds oblong or ellipsoid, 0.7 mm long, 0.4 mm broad, dark brown. June to July. On calcareous outcrops. On mountains in the middle forest zone, in rocky places and along forest edges——European USSR: Volga-Don (Voronezh Province, Bogucharsk Region on calcareous mountains along Don River). Caucasus: Ciscaucasia, Dagestan, western, eastern and south- ern Transcaucasia, Talysh. Endemic. Described from Tbilisi. Type in Leningrad. 13. S. sprengeriana Somm. and Lev. in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. 2, IV (1897) 202; Tr. Bot. sada, XVI, 363; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. II, 377. Annual or biennial. Plant 1—-1.5 m tall. Root fibrous. Stem stout, black- ish, 4-angled, somewhat narrowly winged. Leaves glabrous; lower ovate, subobtuse with somewhat cuneate base and 2.5 cm long petioles; mid- dle 10 cm long, 9 cm broad, acute, with rounded or oblique truncate 258 229 base; upper ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, acute, sharply dentate. Flowers on 1.5 cm long pedicels; cymes 5-flowered with 7-8 cm long peduncles forming 50 cm long inflorescence. Bracts linear. Calyx glabrous, deeply incised, 2.5-3 mm long, lobes ovate, obtuse, with narrow scarious margin. Corolla brownish green. Stamens included, staminode obreniform. Capsule ovoid, acuminate, 6-6.5 mm long, glabrous. June to July. In forests of the middle mountain zone.—Caucasus: western Trans- caucasia. Endemic. Described from Svanetia in the vicinity of Cholur. Type lost? 14. S. mollis Somm. and Lev. in Nuoy. Giorn. Bot. Ital. 2, IV (1897) 203; Tr. Bot. sada, XVI, 364; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 376. Ic.: Tr. Bot. sada, XVI, plate XXXVI. Biennial or perennial. Plant 25-50 cm tall, green. Root almost woody. Stems drooping, obtuse-angled, covered with white, erect, patent ‘hairs. Lower leaves subreniform, 2 cm long, 3.2 cm broad, with 3 cm long peti- oles; middle broadly ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 7-8 cm long, 6-7 cm broad, subcordate, with 2-3 cm long petioles; upper leaves 1.8 cm long, 0.7 cm broad, acute, petioles 0.5—0.7 cm long, all leaves repeatedly subdentate and diffusely lanate. Flowers on 0.7-1.3 cm long pubescent pedicels. Bracts linear, 0.3-0.7 cm long. Calyx glabrous, 4 mm long; lobes ovate, 3 mm long, 1.5 mm broad, without scarious margin. Corolla yellowish green, 1 cm long, lobes of upper lip 2 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip. Stamens exserted; staminode orbicular, narrow at base, as long as broad. Ovary orbicular-ovoid; style 2.5 times as long as ovary. Capsule ovoid, 4 mm long, acuminate. May to June. In forests.—Caucasus: Ciscaucasia. Endemic. Described from Larsi. ‘1ype in Florence. Note. Species of doubtful status. Specimens of this species are not available in the herbarium of the Botanical Institute of Akad. Nauk SSSR. Described from diagram. 15. S. peregrina L. Sp. pl. (1753) 621; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 305; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 395; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 375.—Ic.: Sibthor and Sm. Fl. gr. VI, tab. 597; Rchb. Ic. fl. Germ. XX, tab. 1676; Fedtsch. and Fler. Fl. Evrop. Ross. fig. p. 795. Annual. Plant 30-60 cm tall, glandular-hairy. Stem simple or some- times branched, glandular-pubescent. Leaves ovate-cordate, 7 cm long, 5 cm broad, coarsely dentate, truncate at base, subglabrous, lower surface sometimes glandular-hairy, especially along veins; petioles glabrous or sometimes pubescent, 1.4 cm long; floral leaves 0.7-3.5 cm long, 2.5 cm ‘broad, somewhat lanceolate, dentate, acute. Flowers on glandular-hairy up to 1 cm long pedicels; cymes 2-5-flowered with pubescent, axillary, 230 1—2 cm long peduncles, forming lax, (4)12—28 cm long, 2.5—4 cm broad paniculate inflorescence. Calyx 2.5 mm long, glabrous; lobes lanceolate, acute, without scarious margin, 2 mm long, 1.2 mm broad. Corolla 5.5 mm long, 4 mm broad, short-campanulate; dark blood-red, lobes of upper lip orbicular, very narrow at base, 4 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip. Stamens included, filaments glabrous; staminode orbicular-ovoid, as long as broad. Ovary ovoid, 1.5 mm long, 1.2 mm broad; style 2 times as long as Ovary. Capsule ovoid-globose, 5.6 mm long, 4.5 mm broad, glabrous, brown, acuminate. Seeds 1 mm long, 0.7 mm broad, dark brown. May to June. Escape in wastelands.—European USSR: Volga-Don (Kharkov); Cau- casus: Ciscaucasia, western Transcaucasia (Black Sea coast). General dis- tribution: Mediterranean Region, Balkan States-Asia Minor. Described from Italy. Type in London. 16. S. chlorantha Kotschy and Boiss. in Boiss. Fl. or. [V (1879) 399; Voron. in Vestn. Tifl. bot. sada, No. 22, 12: Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 376. Perennial. Plant 50-100 cm tall, glandular-brown hairy. Stem stout, branched, obtusely 4-angled. Leaves hastate (similar to those of Salvia glutinosa) or ovate, deeply cordate; lower leaves 9-15 cm long, 8-10 cm broad, upper (5)6—-7 cm long, 2-4 cm broad, both with acute apex, often elongated; floral leaves oblong-lanceolate, 2 cm long, 1 cm broad, long acuminate; all leaves coarsely sharply dentate, with 1-2.5 cm long petioles, upper surface sparsely, lower diffusely, glandular-hairy. Flowers numer- ous, on 0.8 cm long glandular-puberulent pedicels; cymes 2—-4-flowered, with 4 mm long peduncles, forming dense, terminal and lateral, 3.5—6 cm long, 1.5—-2.5 cm broad paniculate inflorescences. Bracts setose, 4 mm long, acute, glandular-puberulent. Calyx 2.5 mm long, glandular or villous (var. adzharica Woron.); lobes orbicular-ovate or ovate, with narrow scar- ious margin, 1.8 mm long, 1.5 mm broad. Corolla dull brown or greenish yellowish brown, 5 mm long; lobes of upper lip oblong-orbicular, base not’ constricted, 3 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip. Stamens included, filaments glandular-pubescent; staminode obdeltoid or oblong-obovate, as long as broad. Ovary ovoid, 1.8 mm long, 1.2 mm broad; style 1 1/3 as long as ovary. Capsule ovoid, 4.5—5 mm long, 4 mm broad, or 6 mm long and 5-5.2 mm broad (var. adzharica Woron.), glabrous, brown, mucronate. Seeds 1.3 mm long, 0.7 mm broad, oblong, dark brown. May to July. In forests, in the middle mountain zone.—Caucasus: western Trans- caucasia (Batumi). General distribution: Armenia-Kurdistan. Described from Anatolia, from Gochkar Mountain. Isotype in Leningrad. 17. S. scopolii Hoppe ex Pers. Syn. II (1807) 160; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 308; Ldb. Fl. Ross. II], 217; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 395; 260 231 Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 376; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2425—S, auricu- lata Scop. Fl. Carn. ed. II, vol. I (1772) 446, non L—S. grandidentata Tenore, Fl. Nap. Suppl. II (1819) 69.—S. betonicaefolia Wydl. in Mém. Soc. Phys. Génev. IV (1828) 151.—S. scorodonia Host, Fl. Austr. II (1831) 214; Ldb. Fl. Ross. IM (1846-1851) 217, non L.—S. decum- bens Fisch., Mey. and Ave-Lall. in Ind. sem. hort. Petrop. X (1845) 58.—S. fontana Kotschy ex Boiss. l.c. 396.—S. puberula Boiss. and Hausskn. ex Boiss. l.c. 396.—S. scopoli Hoppe (8. grandidentata (Ten.) Boiss. l.c. 396.—S. scopolii Hoppe var. adenocalyx Somm. and Lev. in Tr. Bot. sada, XVI (1900) 361.—Ic.: Rchb. Ic. fl. germ. XX, tab. 1675; Fiori e Paol. Ic. fl. Ital. tab. 347; Hegi, Illustr. Fl. Mittel-Eur. VI, I, 34. Biennial. Plant (20)40—100 cm tall, covered with scattered glandular and simple patent hairs, rarely subglabrous (var. glabrata Trautv.). Stem obtusely 4-angled, erect, somewhat brownish violet, glandular-pubescent. Leaves thin, cordate- or ovate-oblong, 4-9 cm long, 2.5—7.5 cm broad, base usually cordate, margin obscurely or sharply crenate-dentate or coarsely deeply doubly dentate (var. grandicrenata Somm. and Lev.), somewhat diffusely glandular-pubescent, with 0.6—1.5 cm long petioles. Flowers numerous, on 0.8-1.5 cm long, glandular-pubescent pedicels; cymes (1)2-4(5) flowered with axillary 1.5—2 cm long peduncles, forming lax, oblong, pyramidal inflorescence, up to 30 cm long, 3 cm broad. Bracts linear-lanceolate, almost subulate, acute, 1.5—1.8 mm long, 0.3 mm broad. Calyx 2-4.5 mm long, glabrous or glandular-pubescent (glands dark pur- ple), incised upto 2/3, lobes ovate-orbicular, 1.5—-2.5 mm long, 1-2 mm broad, margin white-scarious. Corolla greenish-purple, 0.4-1.1 cm long; lobes of upper lip orbicular, 2 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip. Stamens included, filaments diffusely glandular-pubescent; staminode or- bicular, subreniform, half as long as broad or shorter. Ovary ovoid, 1.5 mm long and broad; style 2—2.5 times as long as ovary. Capsule ovoid-globose or globose, 6-7 mm long, 4-5 mm broad, acuminate, glabrous. Seeds ellipsoid 0.7 mm long, 0.3 mm broad, dark brown. May to September. In forests and stony places in subalpine grasslands.—European USSR: Volga-Kama, Lower Don (Saratov), Upper Dniester, Bessarabia, Crimea; Caucasus: Ciscaucasia, western and eastern Transcaucasia, Talysh. Gen- eral distribution: Central Europe, Balkan States-Asia Minor, Iran, India- Himalayas (western part). Described from Austria. Type in London? ‘Series 6. Altaicae Gorschk.—Leaves broadly ovate or ovate-cordate, 1.5—2 times as long as broad, margin sharply toothed; petioles (0.5)1-6 cm long. 18. S. heucheriiflora Schrenk, Enum. pl. nov. I (1841) 25; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 304; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III. 216; Fedtsch. Rast. Turkest. 692; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2425. 261 232 Perennial. Plant up to 80 cm tall. Stem cylindrical covered with short glandular and longer simple unicellular hairs, light or dark brown. Leaves broadly ovate or ovate-cordate, 6-13 cm long, 2.5—9 cm broad, obtuse, unequally or irregularly dentate or serrate, base cordate; petioles 1-5 cm long; floral leaves linear, 0.5—1 cm long, 1-3 mm broad, acute, sessile; all leaves subglabrous above, diffusely hairy along veins beneath. Flowers on 24 mm long, glandular-pubescent pedicels; cymes 2—3-flowered with 0.5—1.3 cm long glandular-hairy peduncles, forming oblong, paniculate, pyramidal, 12-15 cm long, 2-2.5 cm broad almost leafless inflorescence. Bracts linear or filiform, 4 mm long, 0.3 mm broad, acute. Bracts and calyx giandular-puberulent. Calyx 2.5—-3 mm long; lobes oblong or spat- ulate, 1.5—-2 mm long, 1 mm broad, obtuse, with or without very narrow scarious margin. Corolla green, 4—4.5(5) mm long; lobes of upper lip or- bicular, more or less equaling lateral lobes of lower lip. Stamens exserted; filaments diffusely glandular-pubescent; staminode elliptical, 2 times as long as broad. Ovary ovoid, brown, 1 mm long and broad; style long, 6~7 times as long as ovary. Capsule broadly ovoid, 7-9 mm long, 3-6 mm broad, long pointed, smooth. Seeds 0.5-0.7(1) mm long, 0.3 mm broad, yellowish brown. May to June (Plate XI, fig. 1). ; In broad leaved forest zone, at the bottom and on stony slopes of foothill ravines. Soviet Central Asia: Balkhash Region, Dzh.-Tarbagatai, Pamiro-Alai, Tien Shan. General distribution: Dzh.-Kashgar (Kuldzha). Described from Ayadyr. Type in Leningrad. 19. S. altaica Murr. in Comment. Soc. Sc. Gotting, (1781) 35; Bge. in Ldb. FI. alt. II, 441; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 305; Ldb. Fl. Ross. II, 216; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2424.—S. marylandica Georgi, Beschr. Russ. Reich. III, 4 (1800) 1108, non L.—Ic.: Murray, l.c. tab. 2. Perennial. Plant 15—65 cm tall, glandular-pubescent. Stem erect or sometimes flexuous, ribbed, simple or branched above, glandular- pubescent. Leaves cordate-ovate or suborbicular, 2-15 cm long, 1.3-10 cm broad, thin; petioles (1.5)4-6 cm long; floral leaves oblong-lanceolate 1.7 cm long, 0.4-1 cm broad; all leaves unequally doubly dentate, upper surface more or less glabrous or sparsely pubescent, densely glandular-pubescent beneath, especially along veins, base, as well as petioles. Flowers on glandular-pubescent 0.5—0.8 cm long pedicels; cymes 1-6-flowered with axillary 0.5-1 cm long peduncles, forming narrow, racemose 4—14(20) cm long, 2.5-3 cm broad inflorescence. Bracts linear, 3-5 mm long, acute, shorter than calyx, glandular-pubescent. Calyx 5.5 mm long, lobes lanceolate or broadly lanceolate, 4.5 mm long, 1 mm broad, subacute, without scarious margin, slightly divaricate. Corolla yellowish white, 8 mm long; lobes of upper lip orbicular, 2 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip. Stamens included, filaments glandular; 262 233 staminode obovate or orbicular, slightly emarginate above, as long as broad. Ovary ovoid, 2 mm long and broad, diffusely glandular-puberulent; style slightly exceeding ovary. Capsule ovoid, 6-8 mm long, 5-6.5 mm broad, glandular-puberulent, glabrescent at maturity. Seeds 0.7 mm long, 0.3 mm broad, ellipsoid, dark brown or black. May to June (Plate XI, fig. 4). In shady rocky places up to 1650 m—Western Siberia: Ob’ Region, Irtysh, Altai; Eastern Siberia: Angara-Sayan. Endemic. Described from Altai. Type in Berlin? 20. S. mandshurica Maxim. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. LIV. I (1879) 35; Kom. Fl. Man’chzh. III, 413.—/c.: Gorshk. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, XIV, 443, fig. 1. Perennial_Plant 40-70 cm tall. Stems erect, 4-angled, covered with minute brownish glandular hairs. Leaves cordate-ovate, 6-11 cm long, 3-8 cm broad, short-pointed, unequally dentate; petioles 0.5—2 cm long; lower floral leaves broadly lanceolate, 6-8 mm long, 1.5 mm broad, upper similar to bracts, oblong-ovate, 4-5 mm long, 1.7—-2 mm broad, both sessile; upper surface of leaves diffusely glandular-pubescent, lower more densely so. Flowers numerous, on glandular-hairy, 1-2.5 mm long pedicels; cymes 3-—5-flowered, sessile or with glandular-hairy axillary 2 mm long peduncles, forming compact narrow 17 cm long, 1—2.5 cm broad inflorescence. Bracts ovate, (1.5)4 mm long, 1.7 mm broad, obtuse, glandular-pubescent along with calyx. Calyx 2.5 mm long; lobes ovate, 2 mm long, 1.5 mm broad, subacute, without scarious margin. Corolla 6 mm long, with recurved lobes; lobes of upper lip elliptical, slightly narrowed at base, 2 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip. Stamens almost equaling corolla or slightly exserted; filaments glandular; stamin- ode linear, almost filiform, obtuse, 5 times as long as broad. Ovary ovoid, 1.2 mm long, 1 mm broad, glabrous, yellowish brown; style 2.5 times as long as ovary. Capsule ovoid, 5-7 mm long, 4.5—5 mm broad, smooth, mucronate. Seeds black, 0.8 mm long, 0.4 mm broad, ellipsoid. June to July. Possible habitat in regions bordering Zeya-Bureya. Described from Manchuria, from the banks of the Amur River, above the village of Kudyurko. Type in Leningrad. 21. S. maximowiczii Gorschk. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, XIV (1951) 441.—S. mandschurica Maxim. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. LIV, 1 (1879) 35, p.p.; Kom. Fl. Manchzh. III, 413; Kom. and Alis. Opred. rast. Dal’nevost. kr. II, 919.—Ic.: Gorshk. l.c. 443, fig. 2. Perennial. Plant 50-75 cm tall. Stem erect, simple or branched, 4- angled, yellowish brown or brown, glandular puberulent. Leaves ovate or 265 266 234 oblong-ovate, 4—-7(12) cm long, 1.5-5.5(7.5) cm broad, with 1.5—2.5 cm long petioles; upper leaves lanceolate, 1.8 cm long, 0.6 cm broad, with 2 mm long petioles; leaves acute, sharply serrate, upper surface green, sub- glabrous, lower bluish gray, generally densely glandular-pubescent. Inflo- rescence few-flowered, lax, paniculate, 12—-31(37) cm long, 8—10(15) cm broad. Bracts linear, 2-5 mm long, acute, half as long as, or some- times equaling calyx, diffusely glandular-pubescent. Flowers numerous; ; cymes 3—5-flowered with elongated axillary, 1.5-4(7) cm long peduncles; pedicels 0.5—2 cm long; peduncles and pedicels covered with brown glan- dular hairs. Calyx 4-5 mm long, diffusely glandular-hairy, lobes elongated lanceolate, acute, 3.5—4.5 mm long, 0.7 mm broad (in lower part). Corolla 0.8-1 cm long, brown, glabrous; lobes of upper lip reddish, oblong- elliptical, 3.5 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip. Stamens included, filaments glandular-pubescent; staminode obovate or obcordate, narrow at base, emarginate at tip, 2 mm long, 1.5 mm broad. Ovary oblong-ovoid 2 mm long, 1.5 mm broad, glabrous; style filiform, 2—2.5 times as long as ovary. Capsule oblong-ovoid, 1 cm long, 5.5 mm broad, smooth, yellow- ish brown, with sharp beak. Seeds ellipsoid, 1 mm long, 0.5 mm broad, dark brown. July. In deciduous forests, marshy grasslands, on open grassy slopes of hills. As weed along ditches, ravines, roadsides, and field edges.—Soviet Far East: Ussuri. General distribution: Japan, China. Described from North- eastern China, from the mouth of the Sidemi River. Type in Leningrad. 22. S. amgunensis F. Schmidt in Mém. Acad. Sc. Pétersb. VII sér. XII, 2 (1868) 57; Kom. Fl. Manchzh. III, 414; Kom. and Alis. Opred. rast. Dalnevost. kr. II, 918.—Jc.: F. Schmidt, l.c. tab. 1, f. 2, 3. Perennial. Plant 35-80 cm tall. Stem suberect, simple or branched above, glandular-pubescent, hairs white, unicellular. Leaves ovate, 4-4.5 cm long, 1.4~1.8 cm broad, short-pointed, sharply dentate, base cuneate, upper surface subglabrous, lower glandular-puberulent, together with the petioles; petioles 2-3 cm long; floral leaves oblong or lanceolate, 0.6-1.3 cm long, 2-4 mm broad, remotely and coarsely dentate. Flowers on 0.3-0.5(1) cm long glandular pedicels; cymes 1-—3-flowered with 0.3-0.7 cm long glandular-pubescent peduncles, forming compact, leafless, 10-25 cm long, 2-2.5(3) cm broad paniculate inflorescence. Bracts orbicular, 4 mm long, 2.5—3 mm broad, equaling calyx, with broad white- scarious margin. Calyx 3(4) mm long, glabrous; lobes orbicular, with broad white-scarious margin, 2.5(3) mm long, 3(3.5) mm broad. Corolla green, 5(8) mm long, lobes of upper lip 2 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip. Stamens included; filaments glandular; staminode deltoid or obcordate, dentate, slightly broader than long. Ovary ovoid, 1.5 mm long, 1.2 mm broad, glabrous; style twice as long as ovary. Capsule ellipsoid 6.7 mm 269 285 long, 4 mm broad, sharp-pointed, glabrous. Seeds ellipsoid, dark brown, 0.6 mm long, 0.4 mm broad. May to June. On dry stony slopes. Along river banks and pebbly beds of river valleys. Soviet Far East: Zeya-Bureya, Uda Region, Ussuri. Endemic. De- scribed from the Amgun River. Type in Leningrad. Series 7. Nodosae Gorschk.—Plants with tuberous or simple thick- ened rootstock. Calyx 1/4—2/5 as long as corolla. 23. S. macrobotrys Lbd. Fl. Ross. III (1847-1849) 217; Grossh. Opred. rast. Kavk. 308.—S. nodosa Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 399, non L. p.p.; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 377. Perennial. Plant 80-150 cm tall. Stem nearly 4-angled, densely covered with brown glandular hairs. Lower leaves broadly ovate or cordate, 15-20 cm long, 7-8 cm broad, with 5 cm long petioles; ‘middle leaves ovate, 11 cm long, 6 cm broad; floral leaves linear, (1.5)3-7(10) cm long, 0.5~—2(5) cm broad; petioles of floral and middle leaves 0.5—0.7 cm long; all leaves acute, oblique, sharply serrate, upper surface subglarbous, lower pubescent, especially along veins. Flowers numerous, on 0.8-1.5 cm long densely glandular-pubescent pedicels; cymes 3-flowered with protruding, glandular-hairy, 1.4 cm long peduncles, forming up to 25(30) cm long, 3.5-4.5 cm broad leafy inflorescence. Bracts linear-subulate or setose, (1.5)2.5-3 mm long, 0.2-0.5 mm broad. Calyx 3 mm long, covered with white simple hairs; lobes ovate or suborbicular, obtuse, 2.5 mm long, 1.8 mm broad, with narrow scarious margin. Corolla glabrous, dark brown, greenish, 7 mm long, 4.5 mm broad; lobes of upper lip orbicular, 34 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip. Stamens included, filaments glandular-pubescent; staminode obovate-orbicular, as long as broad, dark brown. Ovary ovoid, brown, 2 mm long, 1.8 mm broad; style short, 11/3-2 times as long as ovary. Capsule ovoid-conical, 8 mm long, 7 mm broad, glabrous, acuminate. Seeds oblong, usually subdeltoid, sometimes curved, dark brown, almost black. June. In middle and upper mountain zones, in forests—Caucasus: west- ern and southern Transcaucasia. General distribution: Armenia-Kurdistan. Described from Georgia. Type in Leningrad. 24. S. nodosa L. Sp. pl. (1753) 619; M.B. FI. taur.-cauc. III, 414; Bge. in Ldb. FI. alt. Il, 439; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 309; Ldb. FI. Ross. III, 218; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 399; Schmalh. Fl. II, 266; O. and B. Fedtsch. Perech. rast. Turkest. 5, 84; Fedtsch. Rast. Turkest. 692; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 377; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2246.—S. halleri Gueldenst. ex Ldb. Fl. Ross. II (1847-1849) 219.—Jc.: Rchb. Ic. fl. Germ. XX, tab. 1674; Fedtsch. and Fler. Fl. Evrop. Ross. fig. 794; Syreistsch. Ill. fl. Mosk. gub. III, 132; Hegi, Illustr. Fl. Mittel-Eur. VI, 1 tab. 236, p. 33; Maevsk. FI. ed. 8, fig. 174; 236 PH x3 <5. say nw Y awa v =e Up oY “SB ¢ L339 ; AY . b 5 y ra Q “a ‘ge Rey . Rs rg fe. we < A e : . 7 3 to s ( A oe F at \é mo ul 270 237 Viznachn. rosl. USSR. fig. 225—Exs.: Herb. Fl. Cauc. No. 589; Pl. Finl. exs. No. 908, 909; Fl. pol. exs. No. 855; Fl. Boh. and Morav. exs. No. 678. Perennial. Plant 50-125 cm tall, glabrous, sometimes with diffusely glandular-pubescent inflorescence (var. glandulosa Nas. in herb.); root- stock tuberously thickened. Stem sharply 4-angled, erect. Leaves ovate, 5-17 cm long, 2-8 cm broad with 1—2.5 long petioles, broadly cordate at base, acute, doubly sharply serrate; floral leaves lanceolate or linear- lanceolate, 0.8—1.3 cm long, 0.5 mm broad. Flowers on 1 cm long pedicels, covered with brown, almost black glandular hairs along with peduncles; cymes 3-4-flowered, with axillary, 1-2 cm long peduncles, forming ob- long, pyramidal, lax and somewhat narrow, 15—45 cm long, 5—7 cm broad inflorescence. Bracts linear, 1-2 mm long, 0.2 mm broad, acute, 1/10—1/5 as long as pedicels. Calyx 1.7—2.5 mm long, glabrous; lobes broadly ovate, obtuse, with narrow white-scarious margin, 1.8 mm long, 1.5 mm broad. Corolla 7-9 mm long, dark, olive green or brownish green, tube and lower part of limb generally green, upper part and spine brownish; lobes of up- per lip 2 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip. Stamens included; filaments glandular-pubescent; staminode obreniform, slightly emarginate above, 2 times as broad as long. Ovary ovoid, 1.5 cm [sic!] long, 1.2 cm [sic!] broad; style 2 times as long as ovary. Capsule glabrous, greenish brown, globose or broadly ovoid, 5-8 mm long, 4-6 mm broad, pointed. Seeds ellipsoid, 0.7 mm long, 0.4 mm broad, dark brown. May to August. In coniferous and mixed forests, among shrubs, in mixed-fodder grasslands and in damp and dry valleys; also on mountains up to 2200 m. As weed in rye crops, in neglected pastures, logged areas and near ditches —European USSR: Karelian Lapland, Dvina-Pechora, Baltic Re- gion, Ladoga-Ilmen, Upper Volga, Volga-Kama, Upper Dnieper, Middle Dnieper, Volga-Don, Trans-Volga Region, Upper Dniester, Bessarabia, Black Sea Region, Crimea, Lower Don, Lower Volga; Caucasus: Cis- caucasia, western and eastern Transcaucasia, Talysh; Western Siberia: all regions; Eastern Siberia: Yenisey, Angara-Sayan. General distribution: Scandinavia, Central and Atlantic Europe, Mediterranean Region, Balkan States-Asia Minor, North America (Canada). Described from Western Europe. Type in London. Economic importance. Nectariferous plant used in home remedies. Poisonous to cattle and horses. Its roots contain the alkaloid scrophularine (Kolakovskii, Fl. Abkhazii IV, 96). Plate XI. 1. Scrophularia heucheriflora Schrenk, portions of plant; section of corolla.—2. S. ilvensis C. Koch, portion of plant, section of corolla, capsule—3. S. oldhami Oliver, inflorescence, section of corolla—4. S. altaica Murr., inflorescence, leaf, capsule, section of corolla. 238 271 239 25. S. oldhami Oliver in Journ. Linn. Soc. [X (1867) 167; Kom. FI. Man’chzh. III, 415; Kom. and Alis. Opred. rast. Dalnevost. kr. II, 918. —Ic.: Useful, Pl. Jap. II, tab. 443; Somoku-Dzusetsu, ed. 2, XI, tab. 55. Perennial. Plant 80 cm tall. Stem erect, simple, glabrous, 4-angled. Leaves ovate-lanceolate; lower leaves ovate, 4-9.5 cm long, 2-5.5 cm broad, acute, base rounded, or subcuneate, serrulate, petioles 0.7—-2 cm long; upper leaves 1.8—3.5 cm long, 0.8—1.8 cm broad, subsessile, petioles 0.3-0.5 cm long; floral leaves oblong, 0.6-0.9 cm long, 2 mm broad, with elongated apex, margin sparsely and coarsely subdentate. Flowers on glan- dular, 5-6 mm long pedicels; cymes single-flowered with 2—3 mm long, glandular-pubescent peduncles forming narrow, dense, leafless, 9-40 cm long, 1.5—3 cm broad, spicate inflorescence. Bracts lanceolate, 3.5 mm long, 1.5 mm broad, acute. Calyx glabrous, 2.5-3 mm long; lobes ovate or ovate-orbicular, 2—2.5 mm long, 1.5 mm broad, margin scarious. Corolla 0.7—1 cm long; lobes of upper lip orbicular, 2 times as long as lateral lobes of ‘lower lip. Stamens included; filaments glandular; staminode obovate- spatulate or orbicular, slightly longer than or as long as broad, narrowed at base. Ovary ovoid, 1.5 mm long, 1.2 mm broad, glabrous; style 2 times as long as ovary. Capsule ellipsoid, 5-6(9) mm long, 3.5-4(6) mm broad, smooth, acuminate. Seeds ellipsoid, 0.8 mm long, 0.4 mm broad. July (Plate XI, fig. 3). _ (Flood-plain) meadows and damp valley grasslands.—Soviet Far East: Zeya-Bureya (Sungari River), Ussuri (Furuhelm Island).—General distri- bution: Japan, China. Described from Nagasaki. Type in London. Series 8. Alatae Gorschk.—Stems and petioles winged. 26. S. alata Gilib. FI. lith. I (1781) 127, non A. Gray; Boiss. FI. or. IV, 399; Schmalh. Fl. II, 266; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 376.—S. aquatica auct. non L.: Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 218; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2427.—S. ehrharti Steven in Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, V (1840) 3.—Ic.: Rchb. Ic. fl. germ. XX, tab. 1672; Coste, Fl. fr. III, 7; Syreistsch. Ill, Fl. Mosk. gub. III, 133; Hegi, Illustr. Fl. Mittel-Eur. VI, 1, 33.—Exs.: Fl. gall. and germ. exs. No. 2718 and No. 12; FI. Ital. exs. No. 1928; Fl. Boh. and Morav. exs. No. 679; FI. exs. Reipubl. Boh.-Slov. No. 1173. Perennial. Plant 40-120 cm tall, glabrous, with fibrous roots. Stem 4-angled, angles and petioles broadly or narrowly winged (3. cordata Plate XII. 1. Scrophularia ruprechtii Boiss., general appearance of plant, capsule, section of corolla.—2. S. minima M.B., general appearance of plant, section of corolla—3. S. xan- thoglossa Boiss., portion of inflorescence, leaf, section of corolla, capsule’. —4. S. multicaulis Turcz., general appearance of plant, section of corolla, capsule. 212 240 Boiss.). Leaves oblong-ovate, 7-9 cm long, 3.5-4 cm broad, petioles 1 cm long; lower leaves 10-16 cm long, 4.5—-7.5 cm broad, sometimes cordate (3. cordata Boiss.), somewhat acute, base rounded or subcordate, serrate or crenate-serrate, petioles 5 cm long; floral leaves lanceolate or linear, 1-3 cm long, 0.2-1.5 cm broad. Flowers on glandular-pubescent (0.3)0.7—1 cm long pedicels; cymes 3-flowered with glabrous, 0.5—1 cm long peduncles, forming oblong, leafless, 16-26 cm long, 5-9 cm broad paniculate inflorescence. Bracts oblong-linear, 3.6 mm long, 0.3-0.5 mm broad, acute. Calyx glabrous, 2—2.5(3) mm long, parted up to 2/3; lobes orbicular, 1.8-2.3 mm long, 2 mm broad, with broad scarious margin. Corolla greenish-reddish brown, 4-6 mm long, lobes of upper lip, spine and lateral lobes of lower lip generally brownish red, tube and the middle lobe green; lobes of upper lip orbicular, 2 times as long as lateral. lobes of lower lip. Stamens included; filaments glandular; staminode obcordate- bilobate, lobes divaricate, 1/3 as long as broad or depressed (3. cordata Boiss.). Ovary ovoid, glabrous, 1 mm long, 0.7 mm broad; style 3 times as long as ovary. Capsule globose-ovoid or subglobose, pointed, 5 mm long, 4 mm broad, smooth. Seeds dark brown, ellipsoid, 0.7 mm long, 0.5 mm broad. June to September. In coniferous and mixed forests, damp meadows; in gardens, near irrigation canals and in old fields—European USSR: Baltic Region, Up- per Volga, Volga-Kama (near Kazan), Upper Dnieper, Middle Dnieper, Volga-Don, Bessarabia, Black Sea Region, Crimea, Lower Don: Cau- casus: Ciscaucasia, western, eastern and southern Transcaucasia, Talysh; Western Siberia: Irtysh, Altai; Eastern Siberia: Angara-Sayan (Achinsk plain, in the village of Dubinino; Anash settlement); Aral-Caspian Re- gion, Balkhash Region, Dzh.-Tarbagatai, Syr Darya, Pamiro-Alai, Tien Shan. General distribution: Central and Atlantic Europe, Mediterranean Region, Balkan States—Asia Minor, Armenia-Kurdistan, Iran, Tibet. De- scribed from Grodno. Type in Kiev. Note. S. alata Gilib is often confused with S. aquatica L., which is widely distributed in Southern Europe. It is easily distinguished from the latter by its leaves with a serrate or crenate-serrate margin (not cre- nate), and obcordate-bilobate staminode, often with divaricate lobes (not orbicular-reniform, slightly emarginate). 27. S. grayana Maxim. ex Kom. Fl. Man’chzh. III (1907) 416; Kom and Alis. Opred. rast. Dal’nevost. kr. II, 919.—S. alata A. Gray in Mém. Am. Acad. N. S. VI (1858-1859) 401, non Gilib.—JIc.: Sugawara, Illustr. Fl. Sagh. IV, tab. 744; Somoku-Dzusetsu, ed. 2, XI, tab. 56. Perennial. Plant up to 1 m tall. Stem erect, branched above, 4-angled, angles usually narrowly winged, sparsely covered with simple, white, uni- cellular hairs. Leaves oblong-ovate, (7)10-15 cm long, 3.5—7 cm broad, 241 acute, sharply serrate, generally cordate, upper surface glabrous, lower more or less pubescent along veins, petioles winged, 1-2 cm long; flo- ral leaves lanceolate, 2-5 cm long, 0.7—1.5 cm broad, with 2-5 cm long petioles. Flowers on densely glandular-pubescent, 1—1.8 cm long pedicels; cymes 3-flowered, with glabrous, 2.5—-3 cm long peduncles, forming pan- iculate, lax (6)16-45 cm long, (4)9-18 cm broad many-flowered inflo- rescence. Bracts narrowly lanceolate or linear, acute, 1/3~1/2 as long as pedicels. Calyx 2.5-3(4) mm long, deeply parted; lobes orbicular, with scarlious margin, 2(3) mm long, 2(2.5) mm broad. Corolla reddish brown, 0.8-1 cm long; lobes of upper lip elliptical, 2-3 times as long as lat- eral lobes of lower lip. Stamens included; filaments diffusely glandular- pubescent; staminode obovate-orbicular, petaloid, slightly longer; some- times as long as broad (rarely broader than long), narrowed at base, pal- mately veined. Ovary ovoid; style thrice as long as ovary. Capsule ovoid- globose, 8 mm long, 6 mm broad, glabrous, dark brown, acuminate. Seeds black, 1 mm long, 0.7 mm broad. May. Along sea coasts and in osier beds along river banks—Soviet Far East: Ussuri, Sakhalin. General distribution: Japan, China (Northeast). Described from Hakodate. Type in Leningrad. 28. S. czernjakowskiana B. Fedtsch. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, XIV (1951) 436. Perennial. Plant 60-120 cm tall, glabrous, with oblique, rather thick, 0.8 cm broad rootstock. Stems solitary or many, erect, narrowly winged along angles. Leaves oblong-ovate, 8—10(13) cm long, 6-7(9) cm broad, obtuse, crenate, with 24 cm long petioles; floral leaves simi- lar, 5.5 cm long, 3.5 cm broad, with 1.5 cm long petioles, upper floral leaves linear-lanceolate, 1.3 cm long, 0.2-0.7 cm broad. Flowers on glandular-pubescent, 2-4 mm long pedicels; cymes 3—10-flowered with axillary, 0.5—2 cm long peduncles, forming lax, branched (8)14—21(25) cm long, (2.5)4-12 cm broad, paniculate inflorescence. Bracts linear-filiform, 2-4 mm long, 0.5 mm broad. Calyx (2)2.5 mm long, glabrous; lobes el- liptical, 1.5 mm long, 0.5 mm broad, with narrow white-scarious margin. Corolla greenish yellow, 4.5 mm long; lobes of upper lip orbicular, sinuate above, narrow in lower part, 2 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip. Stamens included; filaments glabrous or diffusely glandular-pubescent; staminode reniform, emarginate above, 3 times as broad as long. Ovary oblong-ovoid, 2 mm long, 1.5 mm broad, glabrous; style 11/3 as long as ovary. Capsule oblong-ovoid, 5 mm long, 4 mm broad, ‘acuminate, smooth. Seeds ellipsoid, 0.7 mm long, 0.4 mm broad, dark brown. May to June. In lower mountain zone, along rivulets and near springs.—Soviet Cen- tral Asia: mountainous Turkmenia. Endemic. Described from the ravine and Tutly spring near Firyuza. Type in Leningrad. 274 242 Section II. Tomiophyllum Benth. in DC. Prodr. X (1846) 310.—Plants very sparsely leafy. Leaves 2—8(11) cm long, 1-4(7.5) cm broad, with poorly developed lamina, pinnate or usually bipinnate, or multi-pinnati- sect, rarely entire, coarsely crenate, almost incised or incise-dentate, with veins not anastomosed, or sometimes anastomostic only in certain. leaves. Subsection 1. Orientales Stiefelhag. in Bot. Jahrbuch. 44 B (1910) 468.—Corolla lobes equal. Staminode absent. 29. S. orientalis L. Sp. pl. (1753) 620; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 215; Boiss. Fl. or. IV. 392; Bordzil. in Sb. pam. A.V. Fomina, 62; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 374.—S. ebulifolia M.B. Fl. taur.-cauc. II (1808) 77.—1c.: Jaub. and Spach, Illustr. pl. or. III. tab. 221. Perennial. Plant 60-100 cm tall. Stems numerous, green, erect, vir- gate, projecting, covered with scattered, brown, glandular hairs. Leaves generally whorled, ovate or oblong-lanceolate; lower and middle leaves 2.5-8(11) cm long, 0.6—4 cm broad, somewhat incised at base, lobes del- toid or almost lanceolate, 0.4-2.5 cm long, 0.2-0.6 cm broad, generally oblique, serrate; upper leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, entire or slightly incised or cauline leaves pinnatisect, 8—10.5 cm, with 1—3 lateral, linear-lanceolate, 0.3-4 cm long and 0.3-0.7 cm broad segments, the ter- minal segment larger, 4.5—5 cm long, 1.1 cm broad, incise-serrate (var. pinnatifolia Bordz.); floral leaves linear, almost filiform, 0.3-1 cm long, 0.7 mm broad; all leaves thin, rugose, acute, lower surface glandular- pubescent along veins. Flowers numerous, on 0.2-1 cm long, filiform pedicels; cymes 2-5-flowered with 0.5—2 cm long, glandular-pubescent peduncles, forming paniculate-pyramidal. 2-10 cm long, 4 cm broad ob- long inflorescence. Bracts subulate or filiform, equaling or 1/5 as long as pedicels. Calyx glabrous, (2)2.5—2.8 mm long; lobes ovate-orbicular, (1.8)2.3 mm long, 2—-2.5 mm broad, with white-scarious margin. Corolla spheroid, 3.8—-5 mm long, yellowish green outside, generally violet or with purple stripes at base; lobes of upper lip orbicular, narrowed at base, al- most equaling or slightly shorter than lateral lobes of lower lip. Stamens exserted; filaments glandular-pubescent. Ovary ovoid-pyramidal, 1 mm long, 1.5 mm broad; style 3-4 times as long as ovary. Capsule ovoid pyramidal, 6 mm long, 5 mm broad, acuminate, glabrous. Seeds ellipsoid, 1.3 mm long, 0.7 mm broad, black. May to June. In middle mountain zone; along forest edges, on subalpine grass- lands, banks of rivers and lakes —Caucasus: Ciscaucasia, Dagestan (Kazi- Kumuk), eastern (Akhaltsikhe) and southern Transcaucasia. General dis- tribution: Armenia-Kurdistan. Described from Armenia. Type in London. 30. S. nervosa Benth. in DC. Prodr. X (1846) 303; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 392; Bordzil. in Sb. pam. A.V. Fomina, 62; Grossh. Opred. rast. Kavk. 275 243 307.—S. olivieri Jaub. and Spach, Illustr. pl. or. III (1847-1850) 29.—Ic.: -Jaub. and Spach, l.c. tab. No. 222. Perennial. Plant 40-50 cm tall, generally puberulent. Stems erect, virgate, almost violet, canescent, covered with white, short, soft, sim- ple hairs, especially in upper part. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, thin, entire, sertulate; floral leaves narrowly lanceolate or linear; all leaves acute, dis- tinctly veined, both surfaces pubescent, lower surface tomentose along veins, petioles short. Flowers numerous, on slender, glandular-pubescent, 3-7 mm long pedicels; cymes 3—7-flowered with 0.7—1 cm long, glandular- pubescent peduncles, forming paniculate, pyramidal, lax inflorescence. Bracts subulate. Calyx densely glandular-pubescent, 1.5 mm long; lobes elliptical, obtuse, unequal, with narrow scarious margin. Corolla spheroid, 3.5—4 mm long, bluish-violet; lobes of upper lip orbicular, slightly shorter than lateral orbicular broader lobes of lower lip. Stamens exserted; fila- ments glandular-pubescent. Ovary ovoid, glabrous; style 3 times as long as ovary. Capsule ellipsoid, smooth, mucronate. Seeds ellipsoid, 0.7 mm long, 0.5 mm broad, dark brown. May to June. In the middle mountain zone on dry slopes—Caucasus: Eastern Transcaucasia (near Ordubad). General distribution: Iran. Described from Iran from Mt. Alwand, near Hamadan. Type in London. Note. Only the var. Schelkovnikovii Bordz. is found in our country. — Plant 40-47 cm tall with numerous stems. Leaves lanceolate, coarsely serrate, 3.7-4.9 cm long, 1—-1.5 cm broad, with 4—5 mm long petioles; leaves on terminal branches oblong- or linear-lanceolate. Calyx 3-3.5 mm long. Corolla 5.5-6.5 mm long. Subsection 2. Lucidae Stiefelhag. in Bot. Jahrbiich. 44 B (1910) 468.—Lobes of upper corolla lip exceeding lateral lobes of lower lip. Series 1. Pycnanthium Boiss. Fl. or. IV (1879) 388, pro sect—Stami- node obcordate, 2/3 as long as broad. Inflorescence capitate or ovoid, dense. Plants annual [sic!], glabrous. 31. S. minima MB. FI. taur.-cauc. II (1808) 79; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 303; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 215; Boiss. Fl. or. IV , 393; Grossh. FI. Kavk. III, 374.—S. pumila Adams ex Ldb. FI. Ross. III (1846-1851) 215. Perennial. Plant 2—10(13) cm tall. Leaves ovate or oblong, 2-4.5 cm long, 0.5-1(1.5) cm broad, subacute, with cuneate base, simple, subdentate or doubly dentate, with 3 cm long petioles; floral leaves linear, 5 mm long, 0.7 mm broad, acute, entire; all leaves covered: with scattered minute glandular hairs. Flowers sessile or on 1 mm long glandular-pubescent pedicels, 1-2 cm long peduncles, forming dense, 2-3 cm long, 1.8-2.5 cm broad capitate or ovoid inflorescence. Bracts narrowly lanceolate-linear, 3 mm long, 0.3 mm broad. Calyx glabrous, 44.5 mm long; lobes ovate, 2 mm long, 2.2 mm broad, obtuse, with crispate-undulate scaly margin, 244 suberose. Corolla purplish pink, 1.2 cm long, tubular; lobes of upper lip orbicular, 1!/3 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip. Stamens exserted, filaments glabrous; staminode obcordate, 2/3 as long as broad, with a small notch in upper part. Ovary ovoid, 1.5 mm long, 1.3 mm broad, glabrous; style 6 times as long as ovary or longer. Capsule ovoid, 7-8 mm long, 5-6 mm broad, mucronate, glabrous. Seeds oblong-ellipsoid, yellowish brown, 1.2 mm long, 0.5 mm broad. June to August (Plate XII, fig. 2). In alpine belt, on rubbly talus areas or moraines and near glaciers. Caucasus: Ciscaucasia, Dagestan, eastern Transcaucasia. Endemic. De- scribed from Georgia. Type in Leningrad. Series 2. Rupestres Gorschk.—Staminode oblong-ovate, deltoid- spatulate or cordate-rhomboid, as long as or slightly longer than broad. Lobes of upper corolla lip 2 times as long as lateral lobes or lower lip. 32. S. sareptana Kleopov in Maevsk. Fl. ed. 7-e (1940) 642. Perennial. Plant 15—40 cm tall, with woody rootstock. Stems nu- merous, 4-angled, sometimes woody at base, densely white glandular- puberulent. Leaves oblong, 1.7—3 cm long, 0.7—1.3(1.5) cm broad, sub- acute, narrowed at both ends, incise-serrate or coarsely serrate, with 0.5—1 cm long petioles; floral leaves linear, entire, 0.5—1.5 cm long, 0.1-0.3 cm broad; both surfaces and petioles of all leaves white glandular- pubescent. Flowers numerous, on 1.5—3 mm long pedicels densely covered with brown glandular hairs; cymes 1—3-flowered with axillary glandular- hairy 0.7-1.5 cm long peduncles, forming oblong (6)10—20 cm long, 2—4 cm broad paniculate inflorescence. Bracts linear, acute, half as long as calyx, diffusely glandular-pubescent. Calyx 2 mm long, covered with scattered, brown and white glandular hairs; lobes orbicular, 1.8 mm long, 1.5 mm broad, with broad, white scarious margin. Corolla brownish-red, 3.5—-5 mm long, 2.5—-4 mm broad; lobes of upper lip orbicular, narrowed at base, red, 2 times as long as brownish yellow lateral lobes of lower lip. Stamens included, filaments glandular-pubescent; staminode ovate, yellowish, subacute, 11/3 times as long as broad. Ovary globose, 1 mm long, 1.2 mm broad, yellowish brown; style 3-4 times as: long as ovary. Capsule globose, 4 mm long, 4.5 mm broad, brown, smooth, shortly mu- cronate. Seeds oblong-ellipsoid, 1.3 mm long, 0.6 mm broad, dark brown. May. In limestone mountains, limestone and sandy cliffs along river banks.—European USSR: Volga-Don, Lower Don, Lower Volga. Endemic. Described from Krasnoarmeisk. Type in Leningrad. 33. S. donetzica Kotov in Bot. zhurn. URSR, I, 2 (1940) 298; in Vizn. rosl. URSR, 379.—S. rupestris auct. non M.B.—Ic.: Kotov in Bot. zhurn. URSR, I, 2, 298, fig. 1. 245 Perennial. Semishrub. 10-50 cm tall, glandular-puberulent, except corolla and upper surface of leaves. Rootstock branched, woody, 1 cm in diameter. Stems erect or ascending, brown or reddish at base. Leaves oblong, with cuneate base, 2.5-3.5(4) cm long, 1 cm broad, upper surface sometimes and lower always densely glandular-puberulent, coarsely pin- natisect; segments lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 1.2 mm long, 0.7—-1 mm broad, incise-dentate; floral leaves elliptic-linear, 2-8 mm long, 0.3—1 mm broad, coarsely dentate. Flowers numerous, on slender, 2-2.5(4) mm long pedicels; cymes 1—3(rarely 5)-flowered with 5-8 cm long peduncles, form- ing narrow paniculate, 10-25 cm long and 2-5 cm broad inflorescence. Bracts linear, 1 mm long, 0.3 mm broad, pubescent. Calyx 1.2 mm long, glandular-puberulent, lobes orbicular, 0.9 mm long and broad, with broad scarious margin. Corolla yellowish, glabrous, 3-4 mm long; lobes of upper lip dark red, orbicular, narrowed at base, 2 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip. Stamens exserted, filaments glandular; staminode deltoid- spatulate, obtuse, dark red, slightly longer than broad. Ovary globose, 1-1.2 mm long, 1 mm broad, yellowish brown; style almost 3 times as long as ovary. Capsule compressed globose, 3 mm long and broad, glabrous, yellowish brown, with 0.5—1 mm long beak. Seeds oblong, obtuse, straight or slightly curved, dark brown or black, 1.2-1.7(2) mm long, 0.7-1 mm broad. July to August. On shale and its debris—European USSR: Lower Don. Endemic. Described from Stalino Region, Amvrosievsk District, village of Blago- datnoe. Type in Kiev. 34. S. rupestris M.B. ex Willd. Sp. pl. II (1800) 274; Fl. taur.-cauc. I, 79; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 315; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. II, 378.—S. saxatilis Boeb. ex Ldb. FI. Ross. (1846-1851) 221.—S. variegata M.B. var. ru- pestris Boiss. Fl. or. TV (1879) 417; Somm. and Lev. in Tr. Bot. sada, XVI, 368; Schmalh. Fl. 1, 267.—Ic.: Rchb. Ic. pl. crit. II, tab. 258.—Exs.: GRF, No. 1125. Perennial. Plant 10-30 cm tall, all parts, except fiowers, densely covered with glandular, white and sometimes brown hairs. Stems numerous, simple or sparingly branched, brown or reddish dark violet. Leaves oblong or ovate, 1.5-3.5 cm long, 0.6-1.5 cm broad, irregularly dentate, almost incised or incise-serrate, narrowed at base, with 0.3—1 cm long petioles; floral leaves 4-9 mm long, 0.5-1.5 mm _ broad, sessile, the lower in inflorescence lanceolate, regularly dentate, upper linear, entire or all leaves 2 cm long, 6-7 mm broad, lanceolate or lanceolate- linear (var. microphylla Somm. and Lev.). Flowers on 1-2 mm long pedicels; cymes 1-5-flowered, with 0.5-1 cm long peduncles, forming oblong, sparse, pyramidal, paniculate, 6-16 cm long, 1-2.5 cm broad, nearly leafless inflorescence. Bracts lanceolate-linear, 1-1.5 mm long, 278 246 0.3 mm broad, acute. Calyx glabrous, 2—2.5 mm long; lobes orbicular, with broad scarious margin, obtuse, 1.3 mm long, 2 mm broad. Corolla yellowish, (4)5-6(6.5) mm long; upper lip dark red, lobes orbicular, narrowed at base, 2 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip. Stamens exserted, filaments diffusely glandular-pubescent; staminode oblong-ovate, as long as, or slightly longer than broad. Ovary pyramidal-ovoid, 1 mm long, 1.5 mm broad, glabrous; style 4 times as long as ovary. Capsule globose, 4-5 mm long, acuminate, yellowish brown, smooth. Seeds oblong-ellipsoid, sometimes slightly curved, 1 mm long, 0.5 mm broad, yellowish brown. June. Steppes, rocky slopes in middle mountain zone. European USSR: Crimea, Lower Don; Caucasus: Ciscaucasia, western, eastern and southern Transcaucasia. General distribution: Armenia-Kurdistan. Described from Crimea. Type in Leningrad. 35. S. goldeana Juz. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR XIV (1951) 32.—S. rupestris auct. fl. taur. p.p. non M.B.—Exs.: GRF, No. 1125. Perennial. Plant with numerous, erect, densely leafy stems, 25—SO cm tall, simple or branched above, sulcate, covered with scattered, very minute, glandular hairs, almost like a bloom, often turning lilac colored. Leaves ovate or narrowly ovate, lamina 1-3 cm long, 0.5—1.5 cm broad, narrowed at base, subobtuse or rather acute at apex, with a few (3-5) large and irregular upward directed, obtuse or orbicular teeth or lobes, most of them in turn having 1—3(4) serrations on the outer side and 0(1) on the inner side; leaves with diffuse or sparse puberulence appearing like a bloom on both surfaces; petioles 6 mm long. Inflorescence pro- fusely branched, 12 cm long, 3-4 cm broad, branchlets mostly short and few-flowered, erecto-patent, with rather large flowers. Calyx 3-5 mm long; lobes orbicular with white-scarious margin, 2-4 mm long, 1.2 mm broad. Corolla blackish red, 5-10 mm long, lobes of upper lip 1.5: times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip. Stamens exserted, filaments diffusely glandular-pubescent; staminode cordate-rhomboid, 11/3 times as long as broad, glabrous; style 4 times as long as broad. Ovary pyramidal-ovoid, 1.5 mm long and broad, glabrous; style 4 times as long as ovary. Capsule globose, 4-6 mm long, 4-5 mm broad, smooth, subacute. Seeds 1 mm long, black. June to July. Stony debris on high yailas [mountain pastures in Crimea]. European USSR: Crimea. Endemic. Described from Crimea, from the yaila near Ai-Petri. Type in Leningrad. Note. The author distinguishes his species from S. rupestris M.B. by larger flowers and the characteristic leaf dentation. 279 247 36. S. charadzei Kem.-Nath in Fl. Gruz. VII (1952) 529 (in Georgian language).—Ic.: Kem.-Nat. l.c. fig. 342. Perennial. Plant 10-25 cm tall, covered, except flowers, with white and. broad glandular hairs. Root 1.5—2.5 cm in diameter, straight. Stems slender, numerous, erect or procumbent, brown, more or less branched. Leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, (1.5)2.2—-2.4 cm long, 0.9-1.4 cm broad, with cuneate base and 6 mm long petioles, irregularly coarsely crenate; floral leaves elliptical, 3-5 mm long, 1-4 mm broad, sessile, with 1—2 teeth along both sides. Flowers on 0.4—1 cm long pedicels, densely glandular- pubescent, in a lax 12 cm long raceme or panicle. Calyx glabrous, 2 mm long, 2.5 mm broad; lobes orbicular, 1 mm long, 1.7 mm broad, with broad white-scarious margin. Corolla yellowish green or greenish red, 4.5—5 mm long; lobes of upper lip 2 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip. Sta- mens exserted, filaments diffusely glandular-pubescent; staminode obo- vate or almost orbicular, as long as broad. Ovary globose, 1 mm long and broad; style 3 times as long as ovary. Capsule broadly ovoid or globose, 4—6 mm long and broad, with a 1-1.5 mm long beak. Seeds not known. July. Subalpine belt, on rocks. Caucasus: Ciscaucasia. Endemic. Described from Akhalkhevi, Tsei-Lamskii Range. Type in Tbilisi. 37. S. imerethica Kem.-Nath. in Fl. Gruz. VII (1952) 529 (in Georgian language). —Ic.: Kem.-Nat. l.c. fig. 343. Perennial. Plant 20-60(80) cm tall, covered, except leaves on the main stem and flowers, with white and brown glandular hairs. Root straight, thick. Leaves with large, obtuse, rounded teeth, broadly ovate on the main stem, 2-3 cm long, 1.1-2.5 cm broad, with narrowly winged 3-4 mm long petioles, other leaves 1.5 cm long, 0.8 cm broad, broadly ovate or lanceolate, with 2-3 mm long petioles; floral leaves 8 mm long, 4 mm broad, sessile. Inflorescence paniculate; cymes few-flowered, flowers on somewhat thick, 3 mm long pedicels, densely brown-glandular-pubescent. Calyx glabrous, 2—-2.5 mm long; lobes ovate, obtuse, 1.5—1.7 mm long, with white-scarious margin. Corolla greenish or yellowish red. Sta- mens exserted; staminode obovate. Capsule glabrous, shortly ovoid, 4 mm long, 4.5 mm broad, with a short, 0.5 mm long beak. June to August. On rocky and dry slopes of the middle mountain zone-——Caucasus: western Transcaucasia (Chiatura Region). Endemic. Described from Dzhrucha Ravine, near settlement of Darkveti. Type in Tbilisi. Series 3. Atropatanae Gorschk. —Staminode squarish or reniform. Corolla sometimes diffusely glandular-pubescent outside; lobes of upper lip 2-3 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip. 280 248 38. S. atropatana Grossh. Opred. rast: Kavk. (1949) 309, nom. seminud.; in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, XIII, 21.—S. heterophylla auct. non Willd.—S. urvilleana auct. non Decne. Biennial. Plant light green, 20—30(40) cm tall, covered with scattered, white, minute, unicellular, glandular hairs (except ovary and capsule). Stems more or less 4-angled, generally divaricate, branched, dark purple in lower part. Leaves ovate or oblong (1.4)2—3.5 cm long, (1.2)1.4—2(2.5) cm broad, coarsely crenate or sometimes incised; with 0.5-1.5 cm long peti- oles; floral leaves linear, 0.3-1 cm long, 0.5-1.5 mm broad, sessile, subacute. Flowers on 1.5 mm long pedicels; cymes 2—3-flowered with axillary, 1.5—-2 cm long peduncles forming lax paniculate, 3.5-25 cm long, 0.8-4.5 cm broad inflorescence. Bracts linear, 1 mm long. Calyx 1.8 mm long; lobes elliptical, obtuse, with fimbriate margin, 1.5 mm long, 0.8-1 mm broad. Corolla 3—3.7 mm long, 3 mm broad, dark pur- ple, diffusely glandular-pubescent outside; lobes of upper lip orbicular, slightly narrowed at base, 2 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip, the latter whitish in upper part. Stamens exserted, filaments diffusely glandular-hairy; staminode 0.5 mm long, 0.3 mm broad, squarish, whitish or yellowish. Ovary 0.7 mm long and broad, globose, smooth; style 5 times as long as ovary. Capsule globose, glabrous, brown or dark brown, 3.5—4 mm long and broad, with a slender, 2 mm long beak. Seeds oblong, dark brown, almost black, 1—-1.3 mm long, 0.5 mm broad. May. Dry stony and rubbly slopes in the lower and middle mountain zone.—Caucasus: Southern Transcaucasia. Endemic. Described from Shakhbuz Region, Kyzyl-Bogaz Ravine. Type in Leningrad. Note. A.A. Grossheim assumes that S. atropatana is identical to S. haemathantha Boiss. var. crenata Bordz. (the plant is not available in the herbarium of the Botanical Institute, Akad. Nauk SSSR), but S. atropatana is distinguished from the latter by a smaller calyx, pubescent corolla and entire staminode (not sinuate or bilobed). 39. S. nachitschevanica Grossh. Opred. rast. Kavk. (1949) 310; in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, XIII, 20. Biennial. Plant glabrous, green, 30-40 cm tall. Stems numerous, branched from the lower third portion. Leaves lanceolate or oblong, (1)2.5 cm long, (0.3)0.4-1.2 cm broad, tapering toward the apex, acute, margin sharply dentate, rarely entire, green, lower leaves with 1-1.5 cm long and upper with 0.2-0.5 cm long petioles; floral leaves lanceolate, 0.2-1(1.5) cm long, 0.5—2.5(3.5) mm broad, entire, dentate in lower part of inflorescence. Flowers sessile or on glandular-pubescent, 1.3-1.5 mm long, pedicels; cymes 1!—3-flowered, with common axillary, 0.5—1 cm long, peduncles, forming lax, leafless, 30-40 cm long, 3-6 cm broad in- florescence starting from near the base. Bracts lanceolate-linear, 1-2 mm 281 249 long, subacute. Calyx glabrous, 1.8 mm long; lobes broadly orbicular, with narrow fimbriate margins, 1.5 mm long, 1.3 mm broad. Corolla dark purple, 44.5 mm long, 3 mm broad; lobes of upper lip orbicular, narrowed toward base, 3 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip. Stamens exserted, filaments diffusely glandular; staminode reniform, nar- rowed at base, as long as, or slightly shorter than broad, brownish or brownish purple. Ovary globose, 1 mm long and broad, glabrous; style 4-5 times as long as ovary. Capsule compressed globose, 2.5-3 mm long, 3-35 mm broad, glabrous, yellowish, with slender beak. Seeds oblong, 0.8 mm long, 0.4 mm broad, dark brown, almost black. May to August. In the lower mountain zone, on dry stony slopes——Caucasus: Southern Transcaucasia. Endemic. Described from Nakhichevan ASSR, Shakhbuz Region. Type in Leningrad. Series 4. Frigidae Gorschk.—Staminode deltoid-orbicular, orbicular or obovate. Lobes of upper lip 2—2.5 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip. 40. S. litwinowii B. Fedtsch. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, XIV (1951) 434. Perennial. Plant 35-80 cm tall, covered throughout, except flowers, with brown, minute glandular hairs. Stem single, erect. Leaves broadly lanceolate, (4)6—-8 cm long, (1.2)1.5—2.5 cm broad, gradually tapering above, acute, with sharply serrate margin, sessile or with 4—5 mm long petioles; floral leaves linear-subulate, 0.6—1 cm long, 0.5 mm broad. Inflo- rescence racemose, 15—25 cm long, 1—1.5 cm broad, narrow, interrupted. Bracts linear-subulate, 2.5-3 mm long, 0.3 mm broad, acute, equaling calyx or slightly longer. Flowers numerous, on 2—S mm long pedicels, 2-3 in corymbs with 0.3-0.7 cm long peduncles (lower 1.5 cm long). Calyx subglabrous, 2.5 mm long; lobes oblong, obtuse, 1.5 mm long, 1 mm broad, with narrow white-scarious margin. Corolla 5—7 mm long, brownish red, glabrous, broader at base; lobes of upper lip oblong, or- bicular above, narrowed at base, almost 2 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip. Stamens included, filaments glandular-pubescent; stamin- ode orbicular, 1 mm long. Ovary oblong, 1.5 mm long, 1 mm broad, glabrous; style filiform, 2 times as long as ovary. Capsule oblong, 5-8 mm long, 4-6 mm broad (in lower part), glabrous, acuminate. Seeds oblong- ellipsoid, 1.7 mm long, 0.7 mm broad, dark brown, straight or slightly curved. May to June. In the middle and upper mountain zones at altitudes of 2000-3000 m in juniper thickets and near springs——Soviet Central Asia: mountain- ous Turkmenia. Endemic. Described from Mt. Bozykyamov. Type in Leningrad. 285 250 41. S. frigida Boiss. Diagn. pl. or. I, VII, (1846) 42; Fl. or. IV, 411; Fedtsch. Rast. Turkest. 693. Perennial. Plant 40-60 cm tall, glabrous, bluish green, with woody, more or less branched rootstock. Stem numerous, erect or slightly as- cending, subcylindrical, virgate, projecting. Cauline leaves broadly lance- olate, 1.8-4.5 cm long, 0.5—1.5 cm broad, acute, incise-dentate, with a few large teeth along margin, subsessile or with 1.3 cm long petioles: flo- ral leaves oblong-linear, 6 mm long, 0.5 mm broad, narrow, acute, entire or sometimes regularly dentate in lower part of inflorescence. Inflores- cence paniculate, pyramidal, narrow, 20-27 cm long, 3 cm broad. Flow- ers on glandular-pubescent, 3.5 mm long pedicels; cymes 3—7-flowered with diffusely glandular, 0.5 cm long peduncles. Bracts lanceolate, scaly, 1.3-2 mm long, 0.3—-0.4 mm broad, acute, glabrous. Calyx glabrous, 2 mm long; lobes orbicular, 1.5 mm long, 1.7 mm broad, with broad white- scarious margin. Corolla reddish or reddish brown, 4—5 mm long; lobes of upper lip orbicular, narrowed at base, 2—2.5 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip. Stamens included, filaments glandular-hairy; stamin- ode deltoid-orbicular, as long as broad. Ovary globose, 1.5 mm long and broad, glabrous; style 2 times as long as ovary. Capsule ovoid or glo- bose, somewhat compressed, 44.5 mm long, 5 mm broad (in lower part), smooth, mucronate. Seeds ellipsoid, 1.3 mm long, 0.7 mm broad, dark brown. June. In the lower and middle mountain zones, on rocky, stony slopes and in ravines.—Soviet Central Asia: mountainous Turkmenia, Pamiro-Alai. General distribution: Iran. Described from southern Iran, from mountains near Shiraz. Type in Geneva. 42. S. integrifolia Pavl. in Vestn. Akad. Nauk Kaz. SSR, No. 3 (60) (1950) 32.—Ic.: Pavl. l.c. fig. 10. Perennial. Plant with thick, almost woody, multiheaded rootstock. Stems numerous, ascending, 20-35 cm tall, slender, sulcate, dark green, glabrous or diffusely glandular-puberulent. Leaves obovate or ovate- lanceolate (middle cauline larger), 2.5—3 cm long, 1.5—2 cm broad, with 0.5—1 cm long petioles, and cuneate base, short-pointed or subobtuse, with irregularly incise-dentate margin or with the base incised into subobtuse, dentate lobes; both surfaces glabrous or diffusely glandular-puberulent along with petioles, pinnately veined. Flowers on erect, densely glandular- puberulent 3-7 mm long pedicles; cymes 1—3-flowered with 0.5—1 cm long glandular-hairy peduncles, forming paniculate, 9-12.5 cm long, 2-3.5 cm broad inflorescence. Bracts lanceolate, 2.5 mm long, 0.5 mm broad, acute. Calyx glabrous, 2.5-3 mm long; lobes broadly ovate or suborbicular, 1.5-2 mm long, 1.5—2.5 mm broad, with broad white-scarious margin. Corolla yellowish violet or yellowish brown, 5—6 mm long; lobes of upper 286 251 lip orbicular, narrowed at base, 2 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip. Stamens exserted, filaments glandular-hairy; staminode obovate, ob- tuse or sinuate, slightly longer than broad. Ovary globose, 1 mm long,. glabrous; style 3 times as long as ovary. Capsule globose, 4.5—5 mm long, glabrous, with 2 mm long beak. Seeds ovoid. June to July. In mountains, crevices of rocks, on stony cliffs—Soviet Central Asia: Tien Shan. Endemic. Described from southern Kazakhstan, above Aksar- Sai Ravine, near the village of Nanai. Type in Alma-Ata; isotype in Moscow. Series 5. Rutifoliae Gorschk.—Staminode reniform, ovate, sometimes orbicular, entire or coarsely dentate, as long as, or 2/3 as long as broad. Lobes of upper corolla lip 2—5 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip. Plants annual or biennial. 43. S. rutifolia Boiss. Fl. or. IV (1879) 404; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 379.—S. lucida M. B. FI. taur.-cauc. If (1808) 77, non L. Biennial. Plant 40-60 cm tall, glabrous. Stems 4-angled, branched, reddish. Leaves pinnate or bipinnatisect, (1.5)4.5-6(8.5) cm_ long, (1)2.5-3(4) cm broad, with unequal, oblong, 0.7-1.7 cm long and 0.6—0.8 cm broad, shortly mucronate lobes or dentate segments, glabrous, with 2.5—3(4) cm long petioles; upper cauline leaves with 0.5—1 cm long petioles or sessile; floral leaves 5 mm long, 0.7 mm broad, narrowly lanceolate or linear, acute. Flowers numerous, on 0.5—1 mm long pedicels; cymes 5—10-flowered with rather thick, often forked 1-1.5 cm long peduncles, covered, along with pedicles, with brown glandular hairs, forming narrow, leafless, 15-35 cm long, 2-4.5 cm broad pyramidal inflorescence. Bracts linear, 2-3 mm long, slightly shorter than calyx, acute. Calyx glabrous, 2.5—3.5 mm long; lobes orbicular, 2-3 mm long, 2.5—2.7 mm broad, with whitish or brownish dentate margin. Corolla dark brownish red, 5—7.5 mm long; lobes of upper lip elongated, orbicular, 3—5 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip. Stamens exserted, filaments glabrous; staminode reniform, somewhat sinuate above, 2/3 as long as broad. Ovary ovoid, 1.5 mm long, 1.2 mm broad, brown; style 2—3 times as long as ovary. Capsule compressed globose, 4 mm long and broad, smooth, with 1 mm long beak. Seeds dark brown, oblong, 1.2 mm long, 0.4 mm broad, somewhat curved. May to July. In the middle mountain zone, on rocks.—Caucasus: Ciscaucasia, Dagestan, western, eastern and southern Transcaucasia, Talysh. General distribution: Armenia-Kurdistan. Described from outskirts of Tbilisi. Type in Geneva. 44. S. olgae Grossh. in Tr. Azerbaidzh. otd. Zakavkazsk. fil. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Sect. bot. I (1933) 55; Opred. rast. Kavk. 307. 252 rea ne SE Oe ey. > SF e : ie v 2 253 Annual or biennial. Plant glabrous, 30-50 cm tall. Stems simple or sparingly branched. Leaves numerous, oblong-ovate or lanceolate, 2.5—8 cm long, 1.3-4(5) cm bipinnatisect, with elliptical, 2.5 mm long, 8 mm broad segments and numerous small, oblong, acute, 2-7 mm long, 1-2 mm broad lacinules; lower leaves with 3.5(6) cm long petioles, middle leaves with shorter, 1.5 cm long petioles; floral leaves from pin- natisect in lower part of inflorescence to oblong and linear, 0.5—1(1.8) cm long, 0.6—-4(9) mm broad, acute. Flowers numerous, on brown glandular- pubescent 1-3 mm long pedicels; cymes 4—6-flowered with 0.5-1.7 cm long peduncles covered with brown glandular hairs, forming pyramidal paniculate, interrupted, 7-19 cm long, 2-4 cm broad sparse inflores- cence. Bracts lanceolate, 2.5 mm long, acute, diffusely glandular. Calyx 2.8(3) mm long, glabrous or sometimes brown glandular-hairy at base, lobes ovate, 2 mm long, 1.8 mm broad, with broad brown-scarious den- tate margin. Corolla dark purple, 5.5 mm long; upper lip brighter in color lobes orbicular, narrowed at base, 2—2.5 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip. Stamens exserted, filaments glandular-pubescent; staminode orbicular-reniform, slightly broader than long. Ovary ovoid, 0.8 mm long, 0.6—0.8 mm broad, glabrous, yellowish brown; style 5 times as long as ovary. Capsule broadly ovoid, 4.5 mm long, 44.5 mm broad, glabrous, with 2 mm long beak, light brown. Seeds almost trigonous, 1.2 mm long, 0.7 mm broad, dark brown. July. On offshore shingle——Caucasus: southern Transcaucasia. Endemic. Described from Sevan Lake. Type in Baku. 45. S. armeniaca Bordz. in Sb. pam. A.V. Fomina (1938) 63.—Ic.: Pl. or. exs. No. 168, sub S. rutaefolia Grossh. Perennial. Plant 18-40 cm tall. Stems 4-angled, simple or rarely branched, sometimes reddish or dark blood-red in lower part, with dotted bloom, covered with brown glandular hairs in upper part. Leaves oblong- ovate or oblong, 3.2-5.5 cm long, 1.3 cm broad, bi- or tripinnatisect; segments elongated ovate, 3-8 mm long, 0.5—1.5 mm broad, terminal segment 5 mm long, 3 mm broad, linear-lanceolate, entire or sparsely - dentate, decurrent at base; lower leaves with 2.5—5.5 cm long petioles, upper with 0.5—1 mm long petioles or subsessile; all leaves glabrous; lower floral leaves pinnatisect, 5 mm long, 3 mm broad, with linear Plate XIII. 1. Scrophularia canescens Bong., upper portion of plant, capsule, section of corolla, seed. —2. S. thesioides Boiss. and Buhse, upper portion of plant, section of corolla. —3. S. pru- inosa Boiss., general appearance of plant, section of corolla. —4. S. dissecta (B. Fedtsch.) Gorschk., upper portion of plant, section of corolla. 287 288 254 segments, upper entire, linear, 5 mm long, 0.5 mm broad, acute. Flowers numerous; pedicels 14.5 mm long glandular-pubescent along with peduncles, peduncles 0.5—I.7 cm long; cymes forked, 3—7(8)-flowered forming oblong-pyramidal, paniculate 5—20(27) cm long, 3-4.5 cm broad sparse inflorescence. Bracts linear-subulate, 2-3 mm long, 0.5 mm broad, glandular-pubescent. Calyx 2.5-3 mm long, glabrous; lobes orbicular, | 2 mm long and broad, with dentate-scarious margin. Corolla dark blood- red, 6-7 mm long; lobes of upper lip orbicular, brighter in color, narrowed at base, 2 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip. Stamens exserted, filaments glandular-pubescent; staminode ovate or sometimes orbicular, entire or obscurely coarsely dentate, almost as long as broad. Ovary globose, 1.5 mm long and broad, glabrous; style 2-2.5 times as long as ovary. Capsule compressed globose, 4 mm long and broad, acuminate, glabrous. Seeds not known. Caucasus: Southern Transcaucasia. Endemic? Described from Arme- nia, Yelenovka, Mt. Bugda-Tapa. Type in Kiev. Series 6. Rostratae Gorschk.—Staminode reniform, half as long as broad. Lobes of upper corolla lip almost equaling lateral lobes of lower lip. Capsule 2-3 times as long as calyx, with a beak slightly shorter than the capsule. 46. S. rostrata Boiss. and Buhse in Nouv. Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XII (1860) 163; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 412; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 378. Perennial. Plant 40-60 cm tall, glabrous. Stems numerous, obtusely 4- angled, simple. Radical leaves with 24.5 cm long petioles, lyrate, 7-8 cm long, 3-4.5 cm broad; lateral segments 2-4, 2 cm long, 1 cm broad, oblong, acute; terminal segment larger, 2.5—3(5) cm long, 1.5—2(3) cm broad, ovate, obtuse, incise-dentate or lobed, lobes orbicular, dentate; cauline leaves sharply reduced upward, 2-4(6) cm long, 1.2(3) cm broad, interrupted-pinnate or dissected, with oblong-lanceolate, 0.5—1.5 cm long, 2-5 mm broad, dentate, acute lobes; floral leaves similar to cauline leaves, 1.5 cm long, 0.4 cm broad, linear or filiform in upper part of inflorescénce, 0.5—1 cm long, 0.3-1 mm broad, acute. Flowers numerous, on 1(2) mm long glandular-pubescent pedicels; cymes 1—3-flowered with 1-3 cm long peduncles covered with brown glandular hairs, forming sparse, pyramidal, paniculate, up to 25 cm long, 4—7 cm broad leafless inflorescence. Bracts linear, 3-4 mm long, 0.3—-0.5 mm broad, acute, glabrous. Calyx 2.5-3 mm long, glabrous; lobes ovate, 1.5—2 mm long, 1.5 mm broad, with narrow white-scarious margin. Corolla brownish green or dull brown, 5-6 mm long; lobes of upper lip orbicular, almost equaling lateral lobes of lower lip. Stamens exserted, filaments glandular-pubescent; staminode reniform, entire, half as long as broad. Ovary globose, 1.5 mm long, glabrous; style 3 times as long as ovary or longer. Capsule globose-ovoid, 6(8) mm long, 289 255 7 mm broad, glabrous, reticulate, with 4(6) mm long beak. Seeds oblong- ellipsoid, 1.5 mm long, 0.7 mm broad, dark brown. May to June. Dry slopes in river valleys, on shingle—Caucasus: Talysh. Gen- eral distribution: Iran (north). Described from Gilyan Province. Isotype in Leningrad. Series 7. Olympicae Gorschk.—Staminode reniform or orbicular, as long as broad or slightly longer, entire or coarsely crenate-dentate. Lobes of upper corolla lip 2 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip. Perennials. 47. S. ruprechtii Boiss. Fl. or. IV (1879) 410; Stiefelhag. 1.c. 470; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 380. Perennial. Plant (6)8—20 cm tall, glabrous. Stems numerous, ascend- ing, simple. Leaves oblong, 2.5-3.5 cm long, 1.2-2.2 cm broad, lyrate- pinnatipartite or dissected into oblong, unequally incise-dentate, 0.4—1 cm long, 0.2-0.4 cm broad segments, petioles 0.6-2 cm long; floral leaves lanceolate, pinnatisect, 1-1.5 cm long, 3-6 mm broad, acute. Flowers on short glandular-pubescent, 3-6 mm long pedicels, forming terminal, sim- ple, oblong, dense, 2-5.5 cm long, 1.5-2 cm broad almost spicate inflores- cence. Bracts linear, 5-8 mm long, 0.5 mm broad. Calyx 3-3.5 mm long, glabrous; lobes orbicular, obtuse, with broad purple margin, 2 mm long, 2.5 mm broad. Corolla pale yellow, 5-7 mm long; upper lip dull purple, lobes orbicular, narrowed at base, almost 2 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip. Stamens included, filaments glandular-pubescent; staminode — reniform, as long as broad or slightly longer, with cordate base. Ovary ovoid, 1.5 mm long, 1.2 mm broad, yellowish brown; style 2.5 times as long as ovary. Capsule ovoid, 4—4.5 mm long and broad, acuminate, smooth, with 2 mm long beak. Seeds 1 mm long, 0.3 mm broad, ellipsoid, dark brown. June to July (Plate XII, fig. 1). In alpine zone, on debris, moraines and subalpine meadows. —Cauca- sus: Ciscaucasia, Dagestan, eastern Transcaucasia. Endemic. Described from Alagir. Isotype in Leningrad. 48. S. olympica Boiss. Diagn. pl. or. I, IV (1844) 69; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 312; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 379; Bordzil. in Sb. pam. A.V. Fom- ina, 62.—S. pyrrolopha Boiss. Fl. or. IV (1879) 409.—S. caucasica Somm. and Lev. in Nouv. Giorn. Bot. Ital. ser. II, vol. 4 (1897) 204.—S. platy- loma Fisch. and Mey. in herb.—Ic.: Somm. and Lev. in Tr. Bot. sada, XVI, Plate XXXVII—Exs.: GRF, No. 473. Perennial. Plant (10)30-50 cm or 40-60 cm (var. platyloma (F. and M.) Grossh.) tall, glabrous. Stems numerous, 4-angled, simple, mostly red- dish black. Leaves with 0.5-7 cm long petioles, yellowish green, oblong, 1.5-5.5 cm long, 1-4 cm broad or oblong-ovate, 8.5 cm long, 4.5 cm broad (var. platyloma (F. and M.) Grossh.), pinnatifid, lyrate-dissected, 290 256 incise-dentate or deeply dissected (var. pinnatifida Trautv. in herb.) with oblong, acute, 1-8 mm long, 1-4 mm broad, generally dentate-incised lobes or all leaves entire; lower leaves rhombic-ovate, doubly dentate; up- per leaves ovate-lanceolate (var. integrifolia Bordz.); floral leaves linear, 4.5 mm long, 0.5—1 mm broad or in the lower part of inflorescence ovate- lanceolate, 0.7—1 cm long, 24 mm_.broad, dentate, Flowers on 2 mm long, brown glandular-puberulent pedicels; cymes 1—3-flowered with glandular- pubescent 5 mm long peduncles forming pyramidal 2.5-10 cm long, 1—2 cm broad inflorescence. Bracts linear, 3.4 mm long, 0.6 mm broad, subacute. Calyx glabrous, 3—3.5 mm long; lobes orbicular, 1.8—2 mm long, 2-2.3 mm broad, with brown, purple or generally broadly scarious mar- gin, undulate-crispate. Corolla yellowish, 4.5—5 mm long; upper lip pur- ple, lobes orbicular, narrowed at base, 2 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip. Stamens included, filaments glabrous; staminode reniform, broadly cordate at base, slightly longer than broad. Ovary ovoid, 2 mm long, 2.5 mm broad; style 2 times as long as ovary. Capsule globose, 5 mm long, 4 mm broad, glabrous, acuminate. Seeds ellipsoid, 0.7—1 mm long, 0.3-0.4 mm broad, dark brown. May to July. In mountains, at altitudes up to 1300-3250 m, in meadows, on debris and in moraines—European USSR: Crimea (Baidary); Caucasus: Ciscau- casia, Dagestan, western, eastern and southern Transcaucasia. General dis- tribution: Balkan States-Asia Minor, Armenia-Kurdistan. Described from Mt. Olympus. Type in Leningrad. 49. S. exilis Popl. in Spisok rast. sobr. v Krymsk. Gos. zapov. (1931) 85. Perennial. Plant 10-15 cm tall, glabrous. Root slender, straight. Stems numerous, 4-angled, dark red, simple, forming small tufts. Leaves dark green, oblong-elliptical; lower leaves 1—3(5) cm long, 0.6—1.5 cm broad, with 1.3—2 cm long petioles, entire, incised or pinnatisect like upper leaves; upper leaves 1—2 cm long, 1 cm broad, sessile, all with oblong-obovate 1 cm long, 0.3 cm broad, obtuse, lobes, sometimes finely incised; floral leaves linear, 3 mm long, 0.2 mm broad, or those in the lower part of inflorescence lanceolate, 0.8—1 cm long, 1-2 mm broad, dentate or pin- natisect, 1.5 cm long, 0.6 cm broad. Flowers on 2—5 mm long pedicels, glandular-pubescent like peduncles; cymes 1—3-flowered with 0.6—1.2 cm long peduncles, forming sparse, 5 cm long, 1.5—3 cm broad paniculate in- florescence. Bracts linear, 2 mm long, 0.2 mm broad, acute. Calyx 3 mm long, glabrous; lobes elliptical, 2.5 mm long, 1.8 mm broad, with broad white-scarious margin. Corolla dark red, 6 mm long; lobes of upper lip orbicular, narrowed at base, 2 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip. Stamens exserted; staminode orbicular, narrowed at base, as long as broad, sometimes obscurely and coarsely crenate-dentate. Ovary globose, 1.5 cm 291 257 long and broad, glabrous; style 3—3.5 times as long as ovary. Capsule globose, 6-7 mm long, 5—7 mm broad, smooth, apiculate. Seeds ellipsoid, 2 mm long, 1 mm broad. June. Stony debris.—European USSR: Crimea. Endemic. Described from a national park near Gurzuf Saddle. Type in Leningrad. Series 8. Xanthoglossae Gorschk.—Staminode semiorbicular or or- bicular, as long as broad or slightly shorter, entire or obscurely dentate. Lobes of upper corolla lip 24 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip. 50. S. grossheimii B. Schischk. in Beih. zum Bot. Centralbl. XLIV, 2 (1927) 238; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 379. —S. pruinosa auct. non Boiss.: Grossh. in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, II, I (1920) 25—Exs.: Pl. or. exs. No. 272. Perennial. Plant 25-60 cm tall, grayish green, covered with numerous minute glandular, brown and white erect hairs, except flowers. Stems nu- merous, spreading, projecting, dark purple in lower part. Leaves elliptic- lanceolate, 2-3 cm long, 1-1.5 cm broad, pinnatisect; segments linear- oblong, acute, regularly spaced and irregularly sharply dentate, 1.5-2 cm long, 0.4-0.6 cm broad; petioles 0.5—2 cm long; floral leaves 1.5-2 cm long, 1.5 cm broad, upper linear, 5 mm long, 0.5 mm broad, sessile. Flow- ers numerous, on 1—4 mm long pedicels; cymes 2-3-flowered, regularly spaced with 0.5-2 cm long peduncles, forming oblong, leafless, 9-23 cm long, 2-4 cm broad lax inflorescence. Bracts linear, almost setose, acute, 0.7—1.3(2) mm long, diffusely glandular. Calyx 1.8 mm long, glabrous; lobes elliptical, with broad white-scarious margin, obtuse, 1.5 mm long, 1 mm broad. Corolla brownish red, 44.5 mm long; lobes of upper lip orbicular, narrowed at base, 2 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip. Stamens exserted, filaments diffusely glandular; staminode semiorbicular, as long as broad. Ovary globose, 0.7 mm long and broad, glabrous; style S—6 times as long as ovary. Capsule globose, 3.5—4 mm long and broad, glabrous, beak short. Seeds oblong, 1 mm long, 0.5 mm broad, dark brown, almost black, generally curved. May to June. Stony slopes and coastal sands.—Caucasus: eastern and southern Transcaucasia, Talysh. General distribution: Iran (north). Described from Talysh. Type in Tbilisi. 51. S. xanthoglossa Boiss. Diagn. pl. or. I, 12 (1853) 38; Boiss. FI. or. 413; O. and B. Fedtsch. Perech. rast. Turkest. 5, 86; Fedtsch. Rast. Turkest. 692. Perennial. Plant woody at base, 40-60(80) cm tall, glabrous, bluish green. Stems numerous, erect or slightly ascending, branched; lower leaves obovate-cuneate, 1-1.8 cm long, 0.9 cm broad, obtuse, flabellate, den- tate or incised, with 0.5-2 cm long petioles; other leaves pinnate, 4 cm long, 2 cm broad, with 2 cm long petioles, lobes dentate, lower 0.8-1 cm 292 258 long, 2 mm broad, oblong, obtuse, upper lobes narrowly lanceolate or linear, 1.5 cm long, 2.3 mm broad, acute; floral leaves linear, acute, 0.5—1.7 cm long, 0.7—1.3 mm broad. Flowers numerous, regularly spaced, sessile or on 7 mm long glandular-pubescent pedicels; cymes 1—3-flowered with branched glandular-puberulent peduncles forming up to 35 cm long, 3.6(7) cm broad paniculate branched inflorescence. Bracts linear, almost subulate, 3.5 mm long, lower with lateral teeth, glabrous. Calyx 2 mm long, glabrous or sometimes glandular-hairy at base; lobes ovate, 1.8 mm long and broad, with broad dentate white-scarious margin. Corolla 5.5 mm long, brownish red or dark purple; lobes of upper lip dark red, orbicular, narrowed at base, 3 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip. Stamens exserted, filaments diffusely glandular-pubescent; staminode large, orbicu- lar, narrowed at base, 2/3 as long as broad, yellowish, obscurely denticulate along margin. Ovary ovoid, 1.2 mm long, 1.5 mm broad; style 4-5 times as long as ovary. Capsule globose, glabrous, 3—3.5 mm long and broad, short-mucronate. Seeds oblong-ellipsoid, 1 mm long, 0.7 mm broad, dark brown. April to May (Plate XII, fig. 3). Foothills, steppe, stony and clayey-stony slopes.—Soviet Central Asia: Balkhash Region, mountainous Turkmenia, Syr Darya, Pamiro- Alai, Tien Shan. General distribution: eastern Mediterranean Region, Balkan States-Asia Minor, Iran. Described from Jerusalem. Type in Geneva. 52. S. striata Boiss. Fl. or. IV (1879) 413; 473.—S. juncea Richt. ex Stapf in Denkschr. Akad. Wien, I (1885) 24; O. and B. Fedtsch. Perech. rast. Turkest. 5, 85; Fedtsch. Rast. Turkest. 693. Perennial. Plant glabrous, 25—30 cm tall, multicaulis. Stems slender, striated, virgate. Leaves pinnatipartite, 3—4(5) cm long, 1 cm broad, with 0.5-1(2) cm long slender petioles, lateral lobes small, shertly triangular- lanceolate, 0.5-1.5 mm long, 1 mm broad, decurrent, terminal lobe tri- partite, 1.2 cm long, 2-3 mm broad; upper leaves linear, 1 cm long, 1.5 mm broad, sessile. Flowers numerous, sessile or on 2-3 mm long pedicels, 2-5(9) in sparse corymbs with 0.5—1 cm long peduncles form- ing 14 cm long, 1.5 cm broad narrow paniculate branched inflorescence, leafy in lower part. Calyx glabrous, 1.7 mm long; lobes ovate, 1.3 mm long, 0.7 mm broad, with broad white-scarious margin. Corolla reddish brown, 3.5 mm long; lobes of upper lip red, orbicular, narrowed at base, 2 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip. Stamens exserted, fila- ments glandular; staminode orbicular, 1.2 mm long, 1.5 mm broad, equal- ing upper corolla lobes, narrowed at base. Ovary globose, 1 mm long and broad, smooth; style 4 times as long as ovary. Capsule globose, 3.5 mm long and broad, glabrous, with a small acute beak. April to May. 293 259 In mountain ravines and limestones slopes.—Soviet Central Asia: mountainous Turkmenia, Pamiro-Alai. General distribution: Iran. De- scribed from the region of Jezd city. Type in Geneva. 53. S. decipiens Boiss. and Kotschy Diagn. pl. or. II, 3 (1856) 156; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 380.—S. xanthoglossa Boiss. var. decipiens (Boiss. and Kotschy) Boiss. Fl. or. IV (1879) 413. Perennial. Plant 30-60 cm tall, glabrous, bluish or yellowish green. Stems 4-angled, divaricately branched, generally purplish brown in lower part. Lower leaves obovate-cuneate, 1.5-4 cm long, 1-1.8 cm broad, crenate-dentate, with 0.7—-2 cm long petioles; other leaves pinnatisect or bipinnatisect, (1)3—6 cm long, (0.7)1.2—2.5 cm broad, lobes narrowly lanceolate or linear, dentate, acute, 7 mm long, 3 mm broad; leaves subses- sile or with short (lower ones), 0.7—1 cm long petioles; floral leaves lance- olate, 3.5 mm long, 0.3-0.5 mm broad, acute; all leaves glabrous. Flowers numerous, on glabrous or glandular-pubescent, 5 mm long pedicels; cymes divaricate 2—3-flowered, with smooth, rather thick axillary 0.5—-1 cm long peduncles, forming lax, 8—21(50) cm long, 2—4.5(11) cm broad panicu- late inflorescence. Bracts lanceolate, acute, 2 mm long, glabrous. Calyx smooth, 2 mm long; lobes oblong, 1.8 mm long, 1.7 mm broad, with broad white-scarious margin. Corolla purplish brown, 4—5.5 mm long, 3 mm broad; lobes of upper lip orbicular, narrowed at base, 3-4 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip, white-margined in upper part. Stamens included, filaments glandular-pubescent; staminode equaling or sometimes exceeding lobes of upper corolla lip, orbicular, narrowed at base, yellow- ish, somewhat obscurely dentate along margin. Ovary 0.7 mm long and broad, ovoid-globose, glabrous; style 5 times as long as ovary. Capsule 3 mm long and broad, ovoid-globose, smooth, apiculate. Seeds 1 mm long, 0.7 mm broad, ellipsoid, dark brown. May to June. In lower and middle mountain zones, on stony slopes and debris. —Caucasus: Southern Transcaucasia, Talysh. General distribution: Balkan States-Asia Minor. Described from Taurus Mts. Type in Geneva. Series 9. Schugnanicae Gorschk.—Staminode obtusely 3—5-angled, elliptical or reniform, almost as long as or 1/3 as long as broad, mostly coarsely crenate-dentate. Lobes of upper corolla lip 2-3 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip. 54. S. fedtschenkoi Gorschk. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, XIV (1951) 446.—S. schugnanica B. Fedtsch. nomen in herb. Perennial. Plant glabrous. Stems numerous, up to 50 cm tall, often reddish at base, erect. Leaves elliptical or oblong-ovate, 2.5—-3 cm long, 0.5—-0.7 cm broad, acute, incised into lanceolate or linear, 1-4.5 mm long, 0.7-1.5 mm broad, acute, lobes; lower leaves longer, lobes sometimes 294 260 denticulate, directed obliquely upwards, petioles 0.5—0.7 cm long; lower floral leaves similar to cauline leaves but smaller, upper generally linear, 4 mm long, 0.5 mm broad, acute. Inflorescence oblong, paniculate, few- flowered, 7-25 cm long, 2-3 cm broad. Bracts linear, subobtuse, equal- ing or slightly exceeding calyx, sometimes sparsely glandular-puberulent along margin; cymes 1—2-flowered with 0.5—1 cm long peduncles covered with scattered, brown glandular hairs along with 1.7 mm long pedicels. Calyx glabrous, 2 mm long; lobes orbicular, 1.8 mm long, with broad scarious margin. Corolla reddish, 4.8-5 mm long, 3 mm broad, glabrous; lobes of upper lip orbicular, slightly narrowed at base, 2—3 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip. Stamens included, filaments diffusely glandular- pubescent; staminode triangular, 0.8 mm long, 0.6 mm broad, narrowed at base, coarsely crenate above. Ovary globose, 1 mm long, glabrous, dark brown; style 4 times as long as ovary. Capsule globose, 5 mm long, smooth, brown, acuminate. Seeds oblong, 1 mm long, 0.5 mm broad, dark brown, almost black. July. In mountains.—Soviet Central Asia: Pamiro-Alai (Gorno-Badakshan Autonomous Region). Endemic. Described from Shatkharfa Pass. Type in Leningrad. 55. S. zaravschanica Gorschk. and Zakir. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, XIV (1951) 448. Perennial. Plant glabrous, up to 65 cm tall. Stems erect, brown or red- dish at base. Leaves oblong-elliptical, 2.5—6.5 cm long, 1.2-4.5 cm broad or short-lobed with lower lobes lanceolate, 1.8 cm long, 0.7 cm broad and upper lobes 1 cm long, 0.6 cm broad, acute, with coarsely unequally dentate margin; leaves smooth, with cuneate base, and 0.5—1(1.5) cm long petioles; floral leaves lanceolate, 2.5 mm long, 0.5 mm broad, acute, dentate. Flowers numerous, on 3-5 mm long pedicels, covered, along with peduncles, with minute brown glandular scattered hairs; flowers singly or in 2—3-flowered cymes with axillary 1—-2.8 cm long peduncles, forming 22-35 cm long, 3-6 cm broad sparse paniculate inflorescence. Bracts 1.5 mm long, lanceolate, subacute, glabrous, sparsely glandular-hairy along margin. Calyx 1.8-2 mm long, glabrous; lobes orbicular, 1.5 mm long, with broad scarious and obscurely dentate margin. Corolla reddish, 4.5-5 mm long, 3 mm broad, glabrous; lobes of upper lip orbicular, narrowed at base, 3 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip. Stamens exserted, filaments diffusely glandular-pubescent; staminode reniform, obscurely tridentate above, 3 times as broad as long. Ovary globose, 1.5 mm long and broad, yellowish brown, glabrous; style 2.5 times as long as ovary. Capsule globose, 5 mm long and broad, glabrous, with short beak. Seeds oblong, 1-1.3 mm long, 0.4-0.5 mm broad, dark brown. August. 295 261 Along freshwater canals.—Soviet Central Asia: Pamiro-Alai. En- demic. Described from Zeravshan Glacier, Farakhnau. Type in Tashkent. 56. S. pamiro-alaica Gorschk. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, XV (1953) 369. Perennial. Plant up to 65 cm tall, glabrous. Stems numerous, erect, 4-angled. Leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, 4-5 cm long, 2.3-4.5 cm broad, lobed or almost incised; lobed oblong, 1—2.5 cm long, 0.4—0.8 cm broad; terminal lobe 2.5 cm long, 1 cm broad; all denticulate, acute; floral leaves 3 cm long, 1—2 cm broad, less dissected; all leaves with cuneate base, and 0.5—-1.5 cm long petiole. Inflorescence paniculate, sparse, 20-25 cm long, 2—3(4) cm broad. Bracts lanceolate, 2 mm long, 0.5 mm broad, acute. Flowers numerous, generally singly on 1—-1.7 cm long brown glandular- hairy pedicels; sometimes in 3-flowered cymes with glandular-pubescent 1-1.5(2) cm long peduncles. Calyx 4 mm long, glabrous; lobes orbicular, 2.5 mm long, with broad scarious margin. Corolla 6 mm long, yellow- ish brown; lobes of upper lip sometimes reddish, orbicular, narrowed at base, 1.5—2 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip. Stamens included, filaments diffusely glandular-pubescent; staminode orbicular, almost 5- angled, as long as broad. Ovary globose, 1.5 mm long, glabrous; style 2 times as long as ovary. Capsule and seeds not known. August. In the lower belt of brushwood zone.—Soviet Central Asia: Pamiro- Alai. Endemic. Described from the valley of the Nau-Khakimi River, near the village of Kanyaz-Poyen. Type in Leningrad. 57. S. gontscharovii Gorschk. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, XV (1953) 370. Perennial. Plant 35-45 cm tall, glabrous. Rootstock 1—-1.3 cm in di- ameter. Stems numerous, 4-angled. Leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, 2—3 cm long, 2 cm broad, incised; lobes oblong, 0.5—1 cm long, 0.3—-0.4 cm broad; terminal lobe 1.2—1.5 cm long, 0.5—0.6 cm broad; all lobes acute, with reg- ularly denticulate margin; leaves cuneate at base, with 0.5-1.5 cm long petioles; floral leaves 3.5 mm long, 1 mm broad, entire, lanceolate, acute. Inflorescence paniculate, 13-20 cm long, 1:5 cm broad. Bracts 1.5-2 mm long, 1 mm broad, acute. Flowers numerous, on 3-6 mm long pedicels, covered, with scattered brown glandular hairs along with peduncles; cymes 1—2-flowered with 7 mm long peduncles. Calyx 2.5—3 mm long, glabrous or sometimes glandular-pubescent in lower part; lobes orbicular, 2 mm long, with broad white-scarious margin. Corolla brown, 4.5—-5 mm long; lobes of upper lip reddish violet, orbicular, narrowed at base, 2 times as long as lateral flat lobes of lower lip. Stamens included, filaments glabrous; staminode elliptical, 1 mm long, 0.8 mm broad or almost 4-angled, nar- rowed at base, sometimes coarsely crenate above. Ovary globose, 1.5 mm 296 262 long; style 4—5 times as long as ovary. Capsule and seeds not known. September. In subalpine belt at.2700 m—Soviet Central Asia: Pamiro-Alai. En- demic. Described from upper reaches of Tupalang River, below the pass on Azor-Chashme River. Type in Leningrad. Series 10. Multicaules Gorschk.—Staminode obovate-spatulate, slightly longer than broad. Lobes of upper corolla lip dark violet, almost black, 2 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip. 58. S. multicaulis Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 14 (1840) 76; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 313; Ldb. Fl. Ross. II, 220.—S. stelleri Ldb. in Denkschr. Bot. Ges. Regensb. III (1841) 98. Perennial. Plant 20-45 cm tall. Stems numerous (10—20), branched from base, upper part as well as peduncles and pedicels, sparsely cov- ered with brown glandular-hairs. Leaves pinnatisect, 4 cm long, 1 cm broad, with 0.5—1.5 cm long petioles, segments incised pinnatifid, with linear-lanceolate, 1 cm long, 1.5 mm broad, acute lobes; floral leaves linear, sometimes pinnately lobed, 0.5—2.5 cm long, 1-1.5 mm broad, acute. Flowers numerous, on 0.5—1 cm long pedicels 34 times as long as calyx; cymes 1—3-flowered with axillary, 0.5—1 cm long peduncles, form- ing 8-15 cm long, (1)2—2.5 cm broad oblong, pyramidal inflorescence. Bracts narrow-linear, almost filiform, 1.5—4 mm long, 0.3—0.5 mm broad. Calyx glabrous, 2.5—3 mm long; lobes broad-elliptical, 1.5—2.5 mm long, 1 mm broad, with narrow scarious margin. Corolla 5.5—6 mm long, brown, tube and lower lip dark violet; lobes of upper lip dark violet, almost black, 2 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip. Stamens included, filaments glandular, with black anthers; staminode obovate-spatulate, slightly longer than broad. Ovary ovoid, 1 mm long and broad, glabrous; style 3 times as long as ovary. Capsule ovoid-globose, 5 mm long, 6 mm broad, glabrous, brown. Seeds dark brown, ellipsoid, 0.7 mm long, 0.3 mm broad. May to June (Plate XII, fig. 4). Clayey slopes, rubbly areas with steppe vegetation and stony outcrops. —Eastern Siberia: Angara-Sayan. Endemic. Described from outskirts of Krasnoyarsk. Type in Leningrad. Series 11. Haematanthae Gorschk.—Staminode oblong, slightly sin- uate or bilobed. Plants biennial. This series also includes S. heldreichii Boiss. from Asia Minor. 59. S. haematantha Boiss. and Heldr. in Boiss. Fl. or. [V (1879) 415; Bordzil. in Sb. pam. A.V. Fomina, 63; Grossh. Opred. rast. Kavk. 309. Biennial. Plant glabrous. Stems cylindrical, branched, projecting. Leaves oblong, with cuneate base, acute, dentate, lower leaves with long petioles, upper sessile. Pedicels glandular-pubescent, 2 times as long as 297 263 calyx; cymes 3—7-flowered, forked, divaricate, forming paniculate sparse inflorescence. Bracts short-subulate. Calyx glabrous, lobes ovate, with broad scarious margin. Corolla blood-red; lobes of upper lip broad, orbic- ular. Stamens included; staminode oblong. Capsule globose, long tapering, 1.5 times as long as calyx. Caucasus: Southern Transcaucasia (outskirts of city of Ordubad). Type of the variety in Kiev. Described from Iran. Note. In our flora, only the var. crenata Bordz. l|.c. has been reported.—Leaves ovate, 4.2 cm long, 2.8 cm broad, doubly crenate, with 2 cm long petioles. Calyx lobes elongated obovate, 2—2.5 mm long. Corolla 5-6 mm long. Stamens exserted; staminode oblong, slightly sinuate above or bilobed, lobes almost angular, acute, divergent. Note. In the absence of type material or var. crenata Bordz. in the herbarium of the Botanical Institute, Akad. Nauk SSSR, the assumption of A.A. Grossheim that this plant from Ordubad is related to S. atropatana seems doubtful. Series 12. Leucocladae Gorschk.—Staminode lanceolate, acuminate, more than 3 times as long as broad. Lobes of upper corolla lip slightly longer than lateral lobes of lower lip. Semishrub; bark covered with a white bloom. 60. S. leucoclada Bge. in Mém. sav. etr. Pétersb. VII (1851) 424; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 421; O. and B. Fedtsch. Perech. rast. Turkest. 5, 89; Fedtsch. Rast. Turkest. 654. Biennial. 25—40 cm tall, semishrub, glabrous. Root woody, thick, more or less branched. Stems simple or branched, virgate; year-old branched greenish violet, without bloom. Leaves oblong, 2—3.8 cm long, 3-5 mm broad, narrowed at base, subsessile, entire, subacute; floral leaves oblong or linear, 3 mm long, 0.5 mm broad, subacute. Flowers on 0.3-0.7 mm long pedicels; cymes 1—3-flowered with axillary 2-2.5 mm long pedun- cles, forming elongate paniculate, 11-44 cm long, 1-3 cm broad, nar- row inflorescence. Bracts oblong, 0.7 mm long, 0.3—-0.5 mm broad, suba- cute. Calyx glabrous, 1.8—2.3 mm long, lobes orbicular-ovate, 1.5—2 mm long and broad, with broad, white-scarious margin. Corolla brownish red, 4—5 mm long; upper lip bright red, lobes orbicular, narrowed at base, slightly longer than lateral lobes of lower lip. Stamens exserted, filaments diffusely glandular-pubescent; staminode lanceolate, acuminate, 2.5 times as long as broad. Ovary globose, 1 mm long, 1.3 mm broad, yellow- ish brown, glabrous; style 5 times as long as ovary. Capsule globose, 3-3.5 mm long, acuminate, smooth. Seeds oblong-ellipsoid, 2 mm long, 1.2 mm broad, dark brown, somewhat flat, slightly curved. May. Sandy river beds, salt marshes along banks of lakes, sand edges, peb- bly slopes.—Soviet Central Asia: Kyzy1 Kum, Amu Darya, Pamiro-Alai, 298 264 Tien Shan. Endemic. Described from Kyzyl Kum Desert, Bakaly. Type in Leningrad. Series 13. Cretaceae Gorschk.—Staminode oblong, sometimes ob- long-triangular, 3 times as long as broad. Lobes of upper corolla lip 1.5 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip. 61. S. cretacea Fisch. Hort. Gorenk. (1812) 24, nomen; Spreng. Syst. veg. II (1825) 783; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 316; Ldb. Fl. Ross. Il, 222; Schmalh. Fl. II. 267; Wulff in Fl. Yugo-Vost. VI, 199.—Ic.: Fl. Yugo- Vost. VI, fig. 628. Perennial. Plant 15-40 cm tall. Rootstock woody. Stems numer- ous, woody at base, slender, grayish, densely white glandular-pubescent. Leaves lanceolate or linear, 1—-2.5 cm long, 0.2-0.5 cm broad, acute, with a few large teeth along margin, and 2-6 mm long petioles; floral leaves (0.3)0.7—-1.2 cm long, 0.2—2 mm broad, with smaller teeth, subentire; margin and lower surface of all leaves diffusely glandular-hairy. Flowers numerous, on 1-3 mm long, glandular-pubescent pedicels; peduncles ax- illary, glandular-pubescent, 0.5 cm long, supporting 1—3-flowered cymes forming oblong, narrow, 4-12 cm long, 1.5—2 cm broad paniculate in- florescence. Bracts linear, acute, 1.2-2 mm long, subglabrous or some- times glandular-pubescent along margin. Calyx 2—2.5 mm long, diffusely glandular-hairy; lobes orbicular-ovate, 1.5—-1.8 mm long, 1.2 mm broad with narrow white-scarious margin. Corolla dark blood-red, 4.5 mm long; lobes of upper lip orbicular, narrow at base, 3 times as long as lateral lobes - of lower lip. Stamens exserted, filaments diffusely glandular-pubescent; staminode oblong, 2—3 times as long as broad, obtuse or sometimes oblong-deltoid and acute, rarely absent. Ovary globose-ovoid, 1 mm long, 0.9 mm broad, yellowish brown, glabrous; style 4 times as long as ovary. Capsule globose, brown, 3 mm long, 3.5 mm broad, smooth, acuminate. Seeds ellipsoid, 1.2 mm long, 0.5 mm broad, dark brown. June to July. Calcareous slopes——European USSR: Volga-Don, Lower Don. En- demic. Described from Don. Type in Leningrad. 62. S. canescens Bong. in Bull. Acad. Sc. Pétersb. VIII (1841) 340; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 316; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 221; Trautv. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXIX, 435; Pavl. FI. tsentr. Kazakhst. III, 139; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2429.—Ic.: Bong. and Mey. in Mém. Acad. Sc. Pétersb. ser. VI, II, tab. 12. Perennial. Plant 25-60 cm tall, mealy grayish or canescent, rarely glabrous (var. glabrata Trautv.). Rootstock woody. Stems more or less 4-angled, erect, simple or branched. Leaves oblong-ovate or oblong, (1)1.5-5 cm long, (0.2)1-2 cm broad, obtuse, dentate with narrow, cuneate or pinnatipartite base (var. glabrata Trautv.), thick prominent 299 265 veins on lower surface, with 3—7(10) mm long, 1—-1.8 mm broad peti- oles; floral leaves oblong, 2.5 mm long, 1 mm broad, acute; all leaves on both surfaces and petioles glandular-pubescent. Flowers numerous, on 3-4 mm long pedicels; cymes 1—3(4)-flowered with 0.5—1 cm long axillary peduncles, forming pyramidal, paniculate, virgate 8-13 cm long, 2 cm broad, narrow inflorescence. Bracts lanceolate, 1.5—-2 mm long, 0.3—0.4 mm broad, acute. Calyx 2—2.5(3) mm long, glandular-hairy; lobes elliptical or ovate, 1.3-1.5 mm long, 1.3 mm broad, with narrow scarious margin. Corolla brownish dark purple, 4.5—6(6.5) mm long, 1.3 mm broad, glabrous; upper lip brighter in color, lobes orbicular, narrow at base, 1.5 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip. Stamens included, filaments glandular-pubescent; staminode oblong, obtuse, 3 times as long as broad. Ovary ovoid, 0.7 mm long and broad, glabrous; style 6 times as long as ovary. Capsule globose or globose-ovoid, 4—5 mm long, 44.5 mm broad, acuminate, glabrous. Seeds ellipsoid, 1-1.5 mm long, 0.5-0.7 mm broad, dark brown or black. June to July (Plate XIII, fig. 1). Pebbly and sandy shores, alkaline meadow soils.—Western Siberia: Upper Tobol, Irtysh; Soviet Central Asia: Aral-Caspian Region, Balkhash Region, Pamiro-Alai, Tien Shan. Endemic. Described from Zaisan-Nor Lake. Type in Leningrad. Series 14. Pruinosae Gorschk——Staminode oblong-ovate or oblong, 2-3 times as long as broad. Lobes of upper corolla lip 1.5—3 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip. 63. S. zuvandica Grossh. Opred. rast. Kavk. (1949) 309; Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, XIII (1950) 23. Biennial. Plant 17-30 cm tall, white glandular-hairy throughout. Root simple, branched. Stem simple, almost 4-angled below, dark purple, glandular-pubescent, leafy almost up to middle. Leaves oblong-ovate, deeply pinnatisect, 1.5—4.5 cm long, 0.6—1.8 cm broad, with numerous narrowly lanceolate, (1)2-5 mm long, 0.5—1 mm broad, acute lobes. Flowers sessile or with glandular, 1 mm long pedicels; cymes 1-3- flowered with 2 mm long, glandular-pubescent, axillary peduncles forming 7-10 cm long, 1.2-2 cm broad, narrow paniculate inflorescence. Bracts linear-lanceolate, 1-2 mm long, 0.5 mm broad, acute, densely glandular- puberulent. Calyx 2-2.3 mm long, densely glandular-puberulent; lobes ovate-orbicular, 1.8-2 mm long, 1.3 mm broad, green, sometimes dark purple in upper part, with narrow white margin. Corolla dark purple, 4.5 mm long, 3-4 mm broad; lobes of upper lip orbicular, narrowed at base, 1.5 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip. Stamens exserted, filaments glandular-pubescent; staminode oblong, 1.5—2 times as long as broad, dark purple. Ovary globose, 1 mm long, glabrous; style 4 times as long as ovary. Capsule globose, beaked. Seeds not known. May. 300 266 On pebbly beds of mountain rivers.—Caucasus: Talysh. Endemic. Described from Talysh. Type in Leningrad. Note. The species stands apart in the group of species with long staminodes. It is well distinguished from the other species of this group by the glandular pubescence, deeply pinnatisect leaves, broad, uniformly colored, dark purple staminode, 1.5—2 times as long as broad. 64. S. pruinosa Boiss. Diagn. pl. or. I, 12 (1853) 38; Fl. or. IV. 416.—S. rosulata Stiefelhag. in Bot. Jahrbuch. 44 B (1910) 475; O. and B. Fedtsch. Perech. rast. Turkest. 5, 86; Fedtsch. Rast. Turkest. 693. Biennial. Plant 20-60 cm tall, densely covered all over, except flow- ers, with numerous, white, calcified, round, flat, short-stalked hairs. Root vertical, simple, 3-6 mm in diameter. Stems erect or somewhat ascend- ing, simple or more or less branched. Leaves almost all radical, fleshy, numerous (10-20), rosette-forming, oblong-elliptical or ovate-lanceolate, 1.5-5(7) cm long, 1.3 cm broad, coarsely sundebtate-lobed or lyrate- pinnatipartite; lateral lobes oblong, 0.8—1.8 cm long, 0.2—0.8(1) cm broad, dentate; terminal lobe 2 cm long, 1.5 cm broad, oblong, incised, with acute, denticulate, crispate lobes; petioles 0.8—3.5(4) cm long; cualine leaves - (1-2) lanceolate, 1-2.5 cm long, 0.5—1.5 cm broad, acute, often more in- cised and sometimes bi-pinnatipartite, denticulate, sessile, or with 2.6 mm long petioles; floral leaves oblong-lanceolate, 0.4—1.6 cm long, 1.5-6 mm broad, acute, upper ones entire, lower coarsely dentate; lower surface of all leaves with prominent veins. Flowers numerous, on 2-4 mm long, di- varicate pedicels; cymes 3—5-flowered, uniformly spaced, with 0.5—1.2 cm long peduncles, forming 4-23 cm long, 1.4 cm broad sparse, paniculate inflorescence. Bracts oblong, 2 mm long, or lanceolate and 1 mm long. Calyx 2.3—2.5(3) mm long, 1/2 as long as corolla; lobes orbicular or ovate, 2 mm long and broad, with broad scarious margin. Corolla blood-red or purple, 5 mm long, 3 mm broad, glabrous; upper lip brighter in color, lobes orbicular, narrowed at base, 3 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip. Stamens exserted, filaments glandular-pubescent; staminode oblong or oblong-ovate, 2 times as long as broad, obtuse. Ovary 1.2 mm long, 1 mm broad, ovoid, glabrous; style 3 times as long as ovary. Capsule globose, 4-5 mm long, smooth, acuminate. Seeds oblong, 1 mm long, 0.7 mm broad, dark brown, obtuse. May to July (Plate XIII, fig. 3). In mountains, on slopes and debris——Soviet Central Asia: mountain- ous Turkmenia. General distribution: Iran. Described from Elburz Mts. Type in Leningrad. 65. S. dissecta (B. Fedtsch.) Gorschk. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, XIV (1951) 445.—S. pruinosa Boiss. var. dissecta B. Fedtsch. in herb. nomen. 301 302 267 Biennial. Plant 30-50 cm tall, covered all over, except corolla and ovary, with white calcified flat, scattered, short-stalked glandular hairs. Root simple, vertical. Stems numerous, almost 4-angled, sim- ple or branched, reddish brown, densely leafy. Leaves oblong-elliptical, 5-10 cm long, 2-3.5 cm broad, all repeatedly pinnatisect, lateral segments 1—2.5 cm long, 4-8 cm broad, with 3-5 mm long, 1.5—2 mm broad, dentate, acute lobes, and the terminal segment larger, 1.7-2.5 cm long, 1—1.2 cm broad, oblong, incise-lobed, acute, with 2.5-8 mm long, 2-4 mm broad, acute, denticulate lobes; lower leaves lobed or sometimes entire, all with 1-4.5 cm long petioles; floral leaves 0.3—-2.5 cm long, 0.1-0.7 cm broad, oblong-lanceolate, acute, entire or lower ones coarsely dentate or incise-lobed. Flowers numerous, on 1—2 mm long pedicels; cymes 1—3-flowered with axillary, 0.5—1.5 cm long peduncles, forming 7-20 cm long, 1-4 cm broad sparse paniculate inflorescence. Bracts oblong-linear, 1-2 mm long. Calyx 2.5 mm long, lobes orbicular or ovate, 2 mm long, 1.5 mm broad, margin brown- or white scarious-dentate. Corolla purple or blood-red, 4.5-4.7(5) mm long, 3.7—-4 mm broad, smooth; lobes of upper lip orbicular, narrowed at base, 2 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip. Stamens exserted, filaments glandular-pubescent; staminode oblong, obtuse, 3 times as long as broad. Ovary 0.8 mm long, globose, glabrous; style 5 times as long as ovary. Capsule and seeds not known. May to June (Plate XIII, fig. 4). Mountains.—Soviet Central Asia: mountainous Turkmenia. Endemic. Described from Nukhur. Type in Leningrad. Series 15. Caninae Gorschk.—Staminode obovate, oblong, lanceo- late or oblanceolate, acute or tridentate, sometimes diffusely glandular- pubescent, sometimes whitish along margin, 2—3 times as long as broad. Corolla sometimes pubescent, lobes of upper lip 2-4 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip. 66. S. canina L. Sp. pl. (1753) 621; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III. 221; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 419; Schmalh. FI. II, 267—S. bicolor Sibth. and Sm. FI. Gr. I (1806) 437.—S. lucida Pall. ex M.B. FI. taur.-cauc. II (1808) 77, non L.—S. chrysanthemifolia Willd. Hort. Berol. I (1816) 59.—Tomiophyllum caninum Fourr. in Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon. n. s. XVII (1869) 125.—T. tenui- sectum Fourr. l.c. 125.—Ic.: Rchb. Ic. fl. germ. XX, tab. 1671; Hegi Il- lustr. Fl. Mittel-Eur. VI, I, tab. 236.—Exs.: Fl. Cauc. exs. No. 99; FI. exs. austro-hung. No. 3705; Fl. call. and germ. exs. No. 721; FI. Ital. exs. ser. II, No. 1117. Perennial. Plant glabrous, 30-60 cm tall. Stems numerous, virgate, woody at base, erect or ascending, simple or sometimes branched. Leaves oblong-ovate, 2.5—-3(7) cm long, 1.5—2.5(4) cm broad, pinnatisect, lower leaves with 1.5—3 cm long petioles, dissected into oblong-lanceolate or 303 268 obovate 1—1.5(3) cm long, 0.2—0.5(1) cm broad, incise-serrate or some- times incised segments, upper segments obovate, 1.5—2.5 cm long, 5-8 mm broad, confluent at base; upper leaves sessile, 2.5 cm long and broad, seg- ments usually narrowly lanceolate, rarely linear, coarsely serrate; - floral leaves linear, 2-4 mm long, 0.3-0.5 mm broad, acute. Flowers numer- ous, sessile or on glandular-pubescent, 0.5-1 mm long pedicels; cymes 2—9-flowered, forked with glandular, axillary, 0.5—0.8 cm long peduncles, forming 15—30 cm long, 2.5—3.5 cm broad paniculate inflorescence. Bracts linear, 1.8 mm long, acute, glabrous. Calyx 2 mm long, smooth; lobes orbicular, 1.6 mm long, 1.2 mm broad, with broad, white-scarious margin. Corolla purple or dark red, 3.5 mm long; lobes of upper lip orbicular, narrowed at base, whitish along margin, 3-4 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip. Stamens exserted, filaments glandular-pubescent; staminode lanceolate, acute, 2.5 times as long as broad sometimes absent. Ovary ovoid-globose, yellowish brown, 1 mm long and broad, glabrous; style 3.5 times as long as ovary. Capsule ovoid-globose, 4 mm long, yellowish brown, smooth, acuminate. Seeds ellipsoid, 1.7 mm long, 0.7 mm broad, dark brown. May to June. Stony places——European USSR: Crimea. General distribution: Cen- tral and Atlantic Europe, Mediterranean Region, Balkan States-Asia Mi- nor, North Africa. Described from Switzerland. Type in London. 67. S. variegata M.B. Tabl. Prov. occid. Casp. (1798) 58; FI. taur.- cauc. II (1808) 78; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 314; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 417; Schmalh. Fl. Il, 267; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 378.—S. urvilleana Wydl. in Mém. Soc. Phys. Géneév. IV (1828) 160.—S. ani C. Koch in Linnaea, XVII (1843) 285.—S. bicolor Gueldenst. ex Ldb. Fl. Ross. II (1846-1851) 221.—S. diffusa Somm. and Lev. in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. ser. II, IV (1897) 205.—Ic.: Rchb. Ic.- pl. crit. III, tab. 257; Tr. Bot. sada, XVI, Plate XXXVIII. Perennial. Semishrub, covered (except bracts and flowers) with glan- dular, white, sometimes also brown hairs, rarely glabrous (var. glabra Gorschk.). Rootstock woody. Stems numerous, simple or sparingly branched, reddish. Leaves oblong, 1-1.5 cm long, 0.6—0.8 cm broad, deeply pinnatifid or pinnatipartite; lobes lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 1-6 mm long, 1-2 mm broad, incise-dentate or pinnatifid or sometimes leaves incise-serrate; floral leaves acute, white-hairy, rarely glabrous (var. glabra Gorschk.). Flowers on 2-4 mm long pedicels; cymes 1-3(5)- flowered with axillary, 5-7 mm long peduncles forming 3-11(15) cm long, 2-3 cm broad, lax, pyramidal, oblong, narrow inflorescence. Bracts linear, glabrous, acute, 3 mm long, 1 mm broad. Calyx 1.5—2 mm long, glabrous; lobes orbicular, 1.4 mm long, 1.3 mm broad, with broad white- scatious margin. Corolla variegated, 3—3.5(4) mm long, yellowish; lobes 269 of upper lip dark red, orbicular, narrowed at base, 2.5 times as long as lat- eral lobes of lower lip. Stamens exserted, filaments glandular-pubescent; staminode obovate or ovate-spatulate, sometimes oblong, 2 times as long as broad. Ovary 1 mm long and broad, globose, glabrous; style 4 times as long as ovary. Capsule 3-4 mm long and broad, globose, glabrous, acuminate. Seeds ellipsoid, 0.7—1 mm long, 0.5—0.7 mm broad, yellowish brown. May to August. In middle mountain zone, on dry stony slopes, among mountain steppe vegetation Caucasus: Ciscaucasia, Dagestan, eastern and south- erm Transcaucasia. Talysh. General distribution: Armenia-Kurdistan. De- scribed from Caucasus. Type in Leningrad. 68. S. thesioides Boiss. and Buhse in Nouv. Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XII (1860) 164; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 419; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 378.—S. xan- thoglossa Stiefelhag. in Bot. Jahrb. 44 B (1910) 473, non Boiss. p. p. Perennial. Plant glabrous, 25-50 cm tall. Root straight, branched in lower part. Stems numerous, erect, slender, virgate, reddish, panicu- lately branched above. Leaves pinnate, 3-5 cm long, 1.3 cm broad, with 0.6-1 cm long petioles, in 1-3 pairs, lobes narrow-lanceolate, gener- ally linear, 0.5—1.5 cm long, 0.5—1.2 mm broad, entire, terminal lobes up to 3 cm long; floral leaves entire, lanceolate, 1.5-2.5 mm long, 0.7—-1 mm broad, almost equaling peduncles. Flowers on glabrous or dif- fusely glandular-pubescent, (1)3—4 mm long pedicels; cymes 3-5-flowered with sparsely glandular-hairy, axillary peduncles forming (6)10—18(35) cm _ long, 0.8—-4.5 cm broad paniculate, divaricate inflorescence. Bracts linear, 304 2-3 mm long, shorter than or slightly exceeding calyx, glabrous. Ca- lyx 2.5-2.7 mm long, glabrous; lobes or orbicular, 1.8-2 mm long and broad, greenish brown, with broad white-scarious margin. Corolla purple, 4.5-5 mm long; lobes of upper lip purplish violet, orbicular, narrowed at base, 2 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip, the latter yellowish- white at tips. Stamens exserted, filaments glandular; staminode oblong, acute, purple, whitish along margin, 2.5 times as long as broad, diffusely glandular-pubescent. Ovary globose, 0.7 mm long and broad, glabrous; style 5 times as long as ovary. Capsule ellipsoid, 3.5—-4 mm long, 2.5 mm broad, light brown, smooth. Seeds oblong, more or less compressed, 1-1.5 mm long, 0.7 mm broad, dark brown. May (Plate XIII, fig. 2). In middle mountain zone, on rubbly debris and gypsiferous, clayey slopes.—Caucasus: Southern Transcaucasia, Talysh. Endemic. Described from Nakhichevan Region. Type in Leningrad. 69. S. turcomanica Bornm. and Sint. ex Reching. in Anzeig. math. nat. Klasse Oest. Akad. Wissensch. Jahrg. 1950, No. 4, 93.—S. turcomanica Bornm. and Sint. in sched.; O. and B. Fedtsch. Perech. rast. 305 270 Turkest. 5, 87, nom. nud.—-S. frigida Stiefelhag. in Bot. Jahrb. 44 B (1910) 476, p. p. non Boiss. Perennial. Plant 30-60 cm tall, glabrous. Rootstock woody, more or less thickened, branched. Stems numerous, 4-angled. Lower leaves more or less rosette forming, 2.6 cm long, 1—1.5 cm broad, pinnatipartite, with 2 cm long petioles, lobes oblong, acute, 6-8 mm long, 2 mm broad; cauline leaves 2—3 cm long, 0.7—1 cm broad, elliptical, pinnatipartite or dentate, with 1.2 cm long petioles, lobes oblong, 4.6 mm long, 1.5—2 mm broad, acute; floral leaves oblong, 0.4—1 cm long, 0.1-0.2 cm broad, subacute. Flowers on 2 mm long pedicels; cymes 1—5-flowered with axillary peduncles forming 20 cm long, 3-4 cm broad, paniculate, narrow, sparse inflorescence, both pedicels and peduncles diffusely glandular- pubescent. Bracts linear, 1-2.5 mm long, 1—2 mm broad, acute, glabrous. Calyx smooth,(2)2.5—3 mm long; lobes orbicular-elliptical, 2 mm long, 1 mm broad, with narrow white margin. Corolla dark red, 5—6 mm long; lobes of upper lip almost reniform, narrowed at base, 2 times as long as flat lateral lobes of lower lip. Stamens included filaments glandular- pubescent; staminode lanceolate, 2-3 times as long as broad, acuminate. Ovary globose, 1.5 mm long and broad; style 3 times as long as ovary. Capsule globose, (3)4—5 mm long, smooth, with acute, up to 2 mm long beak. Seeds ellipsoid, dark brown, 1—-1.2 mm long, 0.7 mm broad. April to June. On rubbly slopes, in ravines (at altitudes of up to 1500 m) and in coastal areas.—Soviet Central Asia: Aral-Caspian Region (Ustyurt), mountainous Turkmenia, Kara Kum (Krasnovodsk), Pamiro- Alai (Kugitang). Endemic. Described from Krasnovodsk. Type in Vienna. 70. S. czapandaghii B. Fedtsch. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, XIV (1951) 437. Perennial. Plant (30)40—60 cm tall, covered all over, except ovary and capsule, with scattered glandular hairs. Stems numerous, erect or some- what ascending, 4-angled. Leaves oblong-elliptical, 3—4 cm long, 1.5—2 cm broad; upper leaves 1.5—2 cm long, 1—1.2 cm broad, pinnatipartite, lobes generally pinnatisect, subacute, 0.4—1.2 cm long, 2.5 mm broad; petioles 2 cm long; floral leaves lanceolate or linear in upper part of inflorescence, 0.6—1 cm long, 0.2 cm broad, sometimes scarcely parted, sessile. Flowers on 2-6 mm long pedicels, single or in 2—3-flowered cymes with axillary, 0.7—1.8 mm long peduncles, forming 6-20 cm long, 1.5—-3 cm broad lax racemose inflorescence. Bracts linear-lanceolate, 1.2 mm long, 0.5 mm broad. Calyx 2—2.5 mm long, lobes elliptical or suborbicular, 1.5 mm long, 1.5—1.8 mm broad, with narrow white-scarious margin. Corolla dark pur- ple, 4.5-5 mm long, diffusely glandular-pubescent outside, lobes of upper lip orbicular, narrowed at base, 3 times as long as lateral lobes of lower 306 271 lip. Stamens exserted, filaments glandular-pubescent; staminode oblance- olate, 2 times as long as broad, tridentate above. Ovary globose, 1.5 mm long, glabrous; style 2 times as long as ovary. Capsule globose, smooth, 4—5 mm long and broad, beak as long. Seeds 1.5 mm long, 0.5 mm broad, ellipsoid, dark brown, with narrow scarious margin. June to August. Near snowline in high-mountain zone——Soviet Central Asia: moun- tainous Turkmenia. Endemic. Described from the summit of Chapandag. Type in Leningrad. Series 16. Kabadianenses Gorschk.—Staminode oblong, acuminate, 2-3 times as long as broad. Lobes of upper corolla lip slightly exceeding lateral lobes of lower lip. 71. S. kabadianensis B. Fedtsch. in O. and B. Fedtsch. Perech. rast. Turkest. 5 (1913) 86; Fedtsch. Rast. Turkest. 693. Perennial. Plant glabrous, 10-20 cm tall. Root 0.8-1.8 cm in diame- ter, somewhat woody, more or less straight. Stems ascending, numerous, smooth. Leaves glabrous, elliptical, pinnatipartite, lower usually all radi- cal, 1.7 cm long, 1 cm broad, lobes lanceolate, coarsely dentate, subacute, 2—4(6) mm long, 1.5 mm broad, terminal lobe 5 mm long, 3 mm broad, obovate, with a few large teeth; petioles 0.6—1 cm long; cauline leaves few, 0.8 cm long, 3 mm broad, pinnatipartite; floral leaves oblong, subacute, 2 mm long, 0.3 mm broad. Flowers on glandular-pubescent, 2 mm long pedicels; cymes 1—2-flowered with 4-9 mm long peduncles covered with scattered, brown, glandular hairs; inflorescence paniculate, 3.54 cm long, 1.2-1.5 cm broad. Bracts oblong, 0.7 mm long, acute, glabrous. Calyx glabrous, 1.8 mm long; lobes oblong, subobtuse, 1 mm long, 0.8 mm broad, with narrow white-scarious margin. Corolla violet, 4 mm long, lobes of upper lip orbicular, narrowed at base, slightly exceeding lat- eral lobes of lower lip. Stamens exserted, filaments glandular-pubescent; staminode oblong, 3 times as long as broad, acuminate. Ovary glo- bose, 1 mm long and broad, glabrous; style 3 times as long as ovary. Capsule globose, 3-3.5 mm long and broad, smooth, acuminate. Seeds oblong-ellipsoid or ovoid, 1.5 mm long, 1.2 mm broad, dark brown. April. Mountains.—Soviet Central Asia: Pamiro-Alai. Endemic. Described from Khoja-Kadian near Kabadian. Type in Leningrad. 72. S. sangtodensis B. Fedtsch. in O. and B. Fedtsch. Perech. rast. Turkest. 5 (1913) 86; Fedtsch. Rast. Turkest. 693. Biennial. Plant up to 40 cm tall, glabrous. Root slender. Stems numer- ous, erect. Leaves pinnatipartite, 3-4(7) cm long, 1.3 cm broad, sessile, lobes oblong, 0.5-1 cm long, 2 mm broad, terminal lobe 2 cm long, lobes subacute, incised. Flowers sessile or on short, 1 mm long pedicels; racemes 1—3-flowered on common peduncles forming 25-30 cm long 272 lax, broadly paniculate inflorescence. Bracts deltoid-lanceolate, 1—-1.2 mm | long, 0.5 mm broad, acute. Calyx 1.5 mm long; lobes oblong-ovate, 1.5 mm long, 1 mm broad, with scarious margin. Corolla brownish 3.5 mm long; lobes of upper lip orbicular; narrowed at base, slightly exceeding lateral lobes of lower lip. Stamens exserted; staminode oblong; 2-2.5 times as long as broad, subacute. Ovary globose, 0.7 mm long and broad, glabrous; style 6 times as long as ovary. Capsule globose, 3-4 mm long, 3.5 mm: broad. Seeds ellipsoid, 1.5-1.7 mm long, 1—1.3 mm broad, dark brown. May to June. Red-sand hills along river banks.—Soviet Central Asia: Pamiro-Alai. Endemic. Described from Vakhsh River, above Zangtoda (600-800 m). Type lost? Note. The question of the separate status of this species remains open, since only one specimen is available. It was collected by M.G. Popov near the city of Baljuan on July 25, 1914 (No. 573). B.A. Fedtschenko, even in the original description of the species noted: “we are describing it on the basis of an imperfect specimen, hence opinion on this species is subject to reconsideration.” Series 17. Incisae Gorschk.—Staminode lanceolate or oblong, obtuse, sinuate or sometimes acuminate, 2—2.5 times as long as broad. Lobes of upper corolla lip 1.5 times as long as lateral lobes of lower lip. 73. S. kiriloviana Schischk. nom. n.—S. pinnata Kar. and Kir. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XIV, 4 (1841) 719, non Mill. (1768); Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 221; Fisch, and Mey. Ind. sem. hort. Petrop. X, 58; O. and B. Fedtsch. Perech. rast. Turkest. 5, 88; Fedtsch. Rast. Turkest. 694.—S. incisa Weinm. var. alpina Kar. and Kir. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XV (1842) 414; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2428.—S. incisa Weinm. var. major Ldb. Fl. Ross. Ill (1847-1849) 212; Kryl. l.c. 2428—S. incisa Weinm. var. pinnata Trautv. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXIX (1866) 435; Kryl. l.c. 2428. Perennial. Plant up to 85 cm tall, glabrous, except pedicels and pedun- cles. Stems usually numerous, erect, obscurely winged, dark red. Leaves pinnatisect or sometimes deeply incised at base or upper leaves incise- dentate (var. subpinnata Fisch. and Mey.), 6—8(11) cm long, 2.5-4(7.5) cm broad; lobes linear-lanceolate or linear-oblong, 1.2—1.5 cm long, 3-5 mm broad, incised serrate-dentate, teeth mucronate; petioles 0.5—2(4) cm long; floral leaves linear, 0.7—1 cm long, 0.5—0.8 mm broad, acute. Flower nu- merous, on glandular-pubescent, 1.8-—2.5 mm long pedicels; cymes 2-6- flowered with glandular-hairy 0.7—1 cm long peduncles, forming 7-25 cm long, 2 cm broad, narrow paniculate inflorescence. Bracts linear-lanceolate, 1-1.5 cm long, glabrous or sometimes glandular-pubescent along margin, acute. Calyx 2—2.3 mm long, glabrous; lobes orbicular, 1.5 mm long, 2 mm broad, with broad scarious margin. Corolla dark purple, 5.5—-6(7) mm long, 308 273 3 mm broad; lobes of upper lip orbicular, narrowed at base, 2 times as long as paler lateral lobes of lower lip. Stamens exserted, filaments densely glandular-hairy; staminode lanceolate, 2.5 times as long as broad, obtuse, with a small sinus or sometimes tapering. Ovary globose, 1.2 mm long, 1.5 mm broad; style 1/3 as long as ovary. Capsule 5-6 mm long, 5 mm broad, smooth, acuminate. Seeds oblong-ellipsoid 1—-1.2 mm long, 0.5 mm broad, dark brown. May to July. In tall-grass subalpine meadows and near coniferous forest edges.—Soviet Central Asia: Balkhash Region, Dzh.-Tarbagatai, Pamiro- Alai, Tien Shan. General distribution: Dzh.-Kashgar (Kuldzha). Described from Tarabagatai, Chegarak-Assu. Type in Leningrad. 74. S. incisa Weinm. Bot. Gart. Univ. Dorp. (1810) 136; Bge. in Ldb. Fl. alt. II, 442; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 219; Turcz. Fl. baic.-dah. II, 333; Trautv. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXIX, 434; Kom. Fl. Man’chzh. III, 413; Kryl. Fl. Alt. IV, 932; O. and B. Fedtsch. Perech. rast. Turkest. 5, 88; Fedtsch. Rast. Turkest. 693; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2428—S. gmelini Turcz. ex Benth. in DC. Prodr. X (1828) 311.—S. patriniana Wydler, Essai Mon. Scrophul. (1828) 39.—S. incisa Weinm. var. pamirica O. Fedtsch. and var. angustifolia O. Fedtsch. in Tr. Bot. sada, XXI (1903) 391.—Ic.: Ldb. Ic. Fl. Ross. II, tab. 156. Perennial. Plant 10-45 cm tall. Root thick, woody, brown. Stems erect, ascending or procumbent (f. procumbens Kryl.), glabrous, blood-red at base, dark green above, sometimes glandular-pubescent. Leaves oblong- elliptical or ovate-lanceolate, 2~-7(11) cm long, 0.5—2.5(6) cm broad, with narrow cuneate base, more or less subacute, with prominent veins, entire, or with acute large teeth along margin (var. integra Trautv.) or sometimes doubly dentate (f. bidentata Kryl.), or almost incised or lyrate-pinnatifid (var. sublyrata Kryl. and Segr.), with 1—-2.5 cm long petioles; floral leaves narrow, lanceolate, 2 cm long, 0.5 cm broad, with 2-4 mm long or longer petioles, upper floral leaves in inflorescence linear, 7 mm long, 0.7 mm broad, sessile, acute; leaves generally glabrous or sometimes dif- fusely glandular-hairy. Flowers with 1-2(5) mm long pedicels, covered, along with peduncles, with glandular, minute, brown hairs; cymes 1-6 or 1—2(3)-flowered (f. pauciflora Kryl.) with 0.2-0.5 cm long peduncles forming 7-25 cm long, (1)2-3 cm braod, narrow paniculate inflorescence. Bracts linear or linear-lanceolate, 1.5-3(4) mm long, glandular-pubescent, acute. Calyx 2 mm long, glabrous or diffusely glandular-hairy at base; lobes orbicular, purple, 1.3 mm long, 1.8 mm broad, with narrow scari- ous margin. Corolla dark purple, 6-8 mm long, 2.5 mm broad; lobes of upper lip orbicular, narrowed at base, darker in color, 1.5—2 times as long as lateral, paler, striped lobes of lower lip. Stamens exserted, filaments glandular-pubescent, anthers dark purple; staminode oblong, 2 times as 309 274 long as broad, obtuse, sinuate or sometimes more or less acuminate. Ovary ovoid, dark brown, 1.5 mm long, 1.2 mm broad; style 1.5 times as long as ovary. Capsule globose-ovoid, (4)5-6.5 mm long, 3.5 mm broad, greenish- or violet-brown. Seeds oblong-ellipsoid, 1—1.2 mm long, 0.5-0.7 mm broad, dark brown. May to July. In subalpine belt and below, in mountain steppe valleys and shrubby thickets and valleys along banks of rivers and lakes in plains —Western Siberia: Irtysh, Altai; Eastern Siberia: Angara-Sayan, Dauria; Soviet Cen- tral Asia: Aral-Caspian Region, Balkhash Region, Dzh.-Tarbagatai, Syr Darya, Pamiro-Alai, Tien Shan. General distribution: Mongolia. Described from Siberia. Type lost. Note. Closely resembling S. pinnata Kar. and Kir., but extremely variable in the size and shape of the leaves and in the number of flowers on the peduncles; stems erect to decumbent; leaf margin dentate to deeply pinnatisect. Genus 1332. PENTASTEMON!:2 L?Herit. L’Hérit. ex Schreber, Gen. II (1791) 808 Calyx 5-partite, usually densely pubescent. Corolla red, violet, sky- blue or white, rarely pale yellow, with long, cylindrical, mostly inflated, vesicular tube and bilabiate limb; upper lip concave at base, bilobed or bipartite up to base, lower lip divergent, trifid. Stamens 5, 4 fertile, with filaments divergent at base, ascending above, equaling or 1/2 as long as the fifth sterile stamen with subulate filament, often broadened above, clavate, glabrous, or barbate; stigma capitate. Capsule bivalved; valves entire. Seeds numerous, curved, angular, pointed. Flowers large, numer- ous, on pubescent branched pedicels with two bracteoles, forming dense, terminal, paniculate or fasciculate inflorescence, leafy at base; sometimes flowers single, opposite in a simple raceme. Perennial herbs or semishrubs, branched, with large opposite leaves. This genus includes over 100 species growing mainly in North Amer- ica and a few in the northeast of Asia. 1. P. frutescens Lamb. in Trans. Linn. Soc. London, X (1811) 259; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 321; Ldb. Fl. Ross. If, 222; Kom. FI. pol. Kamch. III, 65.—Digitalis dasyantha Pall. ex Ldb. |.c——Chelone frutescens Spreng. ex. Ldb. 1.c.—Ic.: Lamb. l.c. tab. 6, fig. 1. Perennial. Plant 8-15 cm tall. Rootstock dichotomously branched. Branches angular, ribbed, generally erect, densely pubescent in upper part 1 Treatment by S.G. Gorschkova. 2 From the Greek pente—five and stemon—indicating the number of stamens, one of which is sterile. 310 275 with white, short, broad unicellular hairs. Leaves lanceolate or oblong, 3.5-7 cm long, 1.2-4 cm broad, somewhat coriaceous, obtuse, entire or regularly sharply denticulate, ciliate, glabrous, sessile, subamplexicaul. Flowers 3-9; pedicels 3.7 cm long, slender, pubescent with multicellular, long, white, simple and glandular, clavate hairs, 2—3 times as long as calyx. Flowers in a simple 3—5 cm long, 6 cm broad raceme or corymb; bracteoles linear, obtuse, glandular-pubescent, 5 mm long, 0.7 mm broad. Calyx 5-partite, 1.3-1.5 cm long; lobes linear-lanceolate, acute, 1.3 cm long, 0.3 cm broad, covered with broad, generally multicellular, long, glandular, clavate hairs and simple, sparse, fine, long white hairs. Corolla 2.5—3 cm long, bright lilac or sky-blue, tube 2 cm long, 1.2 cm broad, cov- ered outside with sparse simple hairs, limb bilabiate; upper lip 1 cm long, 1.2 cm broad, bilobed; lobes oblong, orbicular, obtuse, 7 mm long, 6 mm broad; lower lip 3-lobed, inner base of middle lobe barbate; lobes oblong, obtuse, 0.9 cm long, 0.5 cm broad. Anthers black, lanate. Ovary oblong, smooth, yellowish brown, 3 mm long, 0.7 mm broad; style slender, 9 mm long; stigma capitate. Capsule 8—9 mm long, 4 mm broad, oblong-conical, yellowish brown, smooth, dehiscing by two valves. Seeds 1 mm long, 0.7 mm broad, ellipsoid-trigonous, brown. May to July. In mountains, lower part of alpine and subalpine zones on stony debris and in valleys of mountain rivers and rivulets—Soviet Far East: Kamchatka, Okhotsk (region), Sakhalin (and Kuril Islands}. General distribution: Japan (north) and North America. Described from Kamchatka and Unalaska. Type in London. Tribe 3. GRATIOLEAE Wettst. in Pflanzenfam. IV, 3b (1895) 69.—Corolla bilabiate, without spur or umbo, flowers solitary or in racemes. Genus 1333. MIMULUS" ? L. L. Sp. pl. (1753) 634; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X (1846) 368; Grant in Ann. Miss. Bot. Gard. II (1924) 99. Calyx tubular or campanulate, generally plicate, 5-angled, with 5 usually unequal teeth and in such case distinctly bilabiate, often accrescent. Corolla more or less distinctly bilabiate or with almost identical lobes, blue, red, reddish purple, yellow or (rarely) white, tube broadened upward into “throat” (limb along with the upper broadened part of tube); upper lip bilobed, erect or recurved, lower lip usually long, 3-lobed, recurved, usually with two hairy projections in mouth. Stamens 4, didynamous, | Treatment by I.V. Novopokrovsky. 2 From the Greek mimos—comedian, because of the resemblance of the flower to.a masked actor. 311 276 filaments usually glabrous, inserted in lower part of corolla tube; anthers sagittate. Style glabrous or pubescent, usually exceeding stamens; stigma bifid or peltate-infundibuliform, with equal or unequal lobes. Capsule bilocular, dehiscing by valves; placenta in fruit separating or its halves remaining joined to valves; entire or 2-partite placental column exposed in center of fruit during dehiscence. Annual or perennial herbs, glabrous or glandular-pubescent, sometimes viscid, with opposite, entire, dentate or sometimes lobed leaves and with solitary axillary flowers, sometimes in lax racemes. About 60 species, distributed mainly in subtropical America. Some of them are cultivated as ornamental plants. Five or perhaps 6 of these species, are found in USSR. Three of them are natives of Far East and 3 (introduced from America) are found in European part of USSR. All these belong to subgenus Synplacus Grant (Sumplacus, to be correct). 1. Flowers blue; leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, sessile; plant entirely glabrous ...... Popeater: dae. sok apes. Biour ees 1. M. ringens L. + Flowers yellow; leaves ovate, ovate-orbicular or oblong-ovate; plants somewhat pubescent or glabrous ............... 0. eee cee eeee cee eees De 2. Plant soft-villous; calyx teeth long, narrow (lanceolate); calyx limb at least 2/3 as long as tube ............. 6. M. moschatus Dougl.-Lindl. + Plant glabrous or puberulent; calyx teeth narrow or broad, but shorter; calyx limb 1/3-1/2 as long as tube or shorter ...................... 3: 3. Calyx teeth extremely unequal; posterior much longer than others, an- terior teeth bent upward and after shedding of corolla, nearly close calyxtmouthr ink . 04, 2. TAS MLE: GAGE. SLLEII. eee 4. + Calyx teeth similar, or neatly::SO) - 225). 5 .).-22<605)--ctoc.- «4,0 34 4. Flowers large; calyx 8-17 mm long, up to 25 mm long in fruit; plant up to 50 cm tall or more, all parts larger ......... 2. M. guttatus DC. + Flowers smaller; calyx about 4(5) mm; 9 mm in fruit; plant about 15 cm tall, with smaller parts ................... 3. M. pilosiusculus H.B.K. 5. Flowers few (1-5), large, 3—3.5 cm long; calyx teeth somewhat broadly membranous, often with acute sinuses in between; pedicels long, much longer than bracts; plant tall, reaching 35 cm, sparsely puberulent above, with long stolons at base bearing highly reduced leaves ..... (50st be degre baaedeoted: aoc etscss 5. M. stolonifer Novopokr. + Flowers more numerous, small, up to 10-12 mm long, on very short pedicels, not exceeding petioles of bracts; calyx teeth fine, at almost truncate calyx margin or with broad, obtuse sinuses in between; plant entirely glabrous; smaller in all parts, not forming stolons with ex- tremely reduced leaves ..................00eeeee- 4. M. tenellus Bege. AMG Section 1. Eumimulus Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. II (1872) 97; Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 2, 276, ed. 2 and suppl. (1888); Grant in Ann. Miss. Bot. Gard. II, 126.—Calyx prismatic, acute-angled, not or slightly inflated in 312 fruit; teeth equal. Corolla blue to white. Anthers and style glabrous. Stigma lobes identical. Capsule membranous, about as long as calyx, dehiscing up to base along both sutures; placental column 2-partite above. Of the five species of this section, only one is found in USSR. 1. M. ringens L. Sp. pl. (1753) 634; Georgi, Beschr. Russ. Reichs III, 4, 1112; Ldb. Fl. Ross. HI, 223; Curtis Bot. Mag. I, 8, 283; Grant in Ann. Miss. Bot. Gard. 127.—Ic.: Curtis, l.c.; Britt. and Brown, Illustr. fl. N. Amer. ed. 3, 190, f. 3775. Annual. Plant glabrous throughout. Stem 0.4—1 m tall, erect, fistular, but rather strong, up to 3~4 mm thick in middle part, 4-angled, rather densely leafy. Leaves oblong-lanceolate or oblong, acuminate, 2.5-10 cm long; middle cauline about 2.5 cm broad, pinnate-veined, with 5-6 as- cending arching veins, slightly narrowed into amplexicaul base, rarely into short broadly winged petiole, often auriculate, encircling stem, ser- rate, with numerous teeth. Pedicels thick, 2-3.5 cm long, usually shorter than bracts. Calyx tubular, slightly curved, upper margin ciliolate, broad- oblong in fruit, accrescent after anthesis mainly in width, 1.4—1.7 cm long, sharply angular in cross-section; teeth unequal (upper ones broader), 1/4 as long as tube, narrowed to sharp point. Corolla 2.5-3.5 cm long, usually blue. Capsule filling up calyx to teeth, broad-oblong. In damp places.—Soviet Far East: Sakhalin (Kuril Islands—Merck and Rudolf according to Georgi, 1.c.). General distribution: North America. Described from North America. Type in London. Section 2. Simiolus Greene in Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. (1885) 109.—Annual or perennial plants, glabrous or pubescent. Calyx in fruit inflated, loosely surrounding the membranous capsule; teeth unequal, lower tooth bent over lateral teeth, partly or entirely covering its mouth. Corolla distinctly bilabiate with two umbos, almost covering its mouth. Stamens and style included. Capsule dehiscing up to base along both sutures. Placental column entire. 2. M. guttatus DC. Cat. hort. Monsp. (1813) 127; Fischer, Hort. Gorenk. (1812) 25, nom. nud.; Grant in Ann. Miss. Bot. Gard. 157; Maevsk. Fl. ed. 7-e, 157.—M. luteus Benth. in DC. Prodr. X (1846) 370, p.p. and auct. plur. Fl. Ross. non L.—Ic.: Britt. and Brown, Illustr. fl. N. Amer. III, 158, f. 3267; Grant, I.c. tab. VIII, f. 4; Syreistsch. Ill. fl. Mosk. gub. III, 137 (sub M. luteo L.); Hegi, Illustr. Fl. Mittel-Eur. VI, 237, f. 1. Perennial. Stem ascending, somewhat geniculate or erect, pubescent 313 only in upper part, elsewhere glabrous, fistular, rather thick (5 mm 314 278 broad when compressed), cylindrical, slightly 4-angled above, base often stoloniferous rooting from lower nodes, simple or branched, generally tall (up to 0.5-0.8 m), rarely short. Leaves variable in shape and size, usually large, broadly ovate, orbicular-ovate or oblong-ovate, up to 8 cm long, 5 cm broad, somewhat irregularly dentate, obtuse, uppermost short- acuminate, palmately 7-veined, veins arcuate, converging toward apex, middle and upper leaves with rounded or cordate base, upper (floral) sessile, smaller; middle leaves with short, lower with longer petioles and sometimes with cuneate base; internodes usually longer than leaves. Flow- ers on stem usually many (up to 10 or more), rarely 1-2, yellow, large, 2.5-3.5 cm long. Calyx puberulent or glabrous, campanulate, about 1 cm long in flower; ovate in fruit, inflated accrescent (up to 1.9 cm long), teeth short- and broad-triangular, unequal, with posterior tooth much longer than others. Corolla usually with red spot in throat, much longer (almost double) than calyx, umbos of lower lip almost closing mouth of tube; style glabrous. Capsule obovoid, not filling up calyx, almost half as long as latter. July. Sometimes grown as ornamental plant. On river banks, near streams and ditches——European USSR: Baltic Region (Estonia and Latvia), Ladoga-IImen, Upper Volga, Volga-Kama. General distribution: native of North America, introduced in Europe (northwestern part of USSR, Germany, Austria, Switzerland) and New Zealand. Described from a cultivated specimen. Type in Geneva. 3. M. pilosiusculus H.B.K. Nov. gen. and sp. 2 (1817) 397; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 371; Grant in Ann. Miss. Bot. Gard. II, 187. Annual. Plant short, 5-15 cm tall, puberulent or subglabrous. Stem procumbent (at base). Leaves small, short-petiolate, ovate, 16-18 mm long, 6-12 mm broad, acute or obtuse, irregularly dentate; upper leaves sessile (or short-petiolate). Flowers numerous, small, on slender pedicels, gener- ally shorter than bracts. Calyx about 5 mm long, ovate in fruit, inflated, accrescent up to 10 mm long, narrowed at mouth, teeth unequal with pos- terior tooth longer, acute, straight, anterior teeth incurved and appressed to posterior tooth. Corolla (according to Grant) about 1 cm long, yellow. Capsule filling up calyx. European USSR: Baltic Region (Latvia-Berro), escape. General dis- tribution: South America (Peru, Chile). Described from South America. Type in Berlin. Note. The herbarium of Botanical Institute of Akad. Nauk SSSR has only one poor specimen of this species, collected by Klinge, with the ~ label “Mimulus Parviflorus, near Berro, wild, collected by H. Hur.” It is very similar to M. pilosiusculus H. B. K. described by Grant in her monograph on the genus Mimulus. The presence of this species in the USSR is, therefore, doubtful. 315 279 Section 3. Paradanthus Grant in Ann. Miss. Bot. Gard. II (1924) 195.—Annual or perennial herbs, glabrous or glandular-pubescent. Calyx campanulate, sometimes inflated in fruit, teeth similar or almost so. Corolla mostly infundibuliform, sometimes bilabiate, generally with broad throat, lobes equal or not, pink, reddish purple, yellow or blue, rarely white. Sta- mens generally included. Capsule dehiscent up to base; placentae entirely confluent or parted at apex, sometimes up to middle. 4. M. tenellus Bge. Enum. pl. Chinae bor. (1831) 49.—M. nepalensis Grant in Ann. Miss. Bot. Gard. 206, p.p. quoad specimina chinensia, non Benth.—Ic.: Komarov, Fl. Man’chzh. III, 417, plate V, figs. 9-11. Perennial. Plant entirely glabrous. Stem slender, 4—15(22) cm long, rooting at base (creeping, partially ascending), branched from base, with regularly spaced branches. Leaves rather small, petiolate, ovate, short- acuminate or subobtuse, with rounded or cordate base, 6-25 mm long (excluding petiole), 5-15 mm broad, sharply toothed, rarely subdentate, with 4—5 teeth on each side, thin, delicate; petioles 1/3—1/2 as long as lam- ina, sometimes almost as long. Flowers yellow, small, rather numerous, about 1 cm long, pedicels not exceeding petioles. Calyx 5-6 mm long, broad, inflated in fruit, accrescent, 8—9 mm long, 6 mm broad (in herbar- ium), margin almost straight, with 5 short, fine teeth about 1 mm long, with broad sinuses in between. Corolla about 10 mm long, with broad limb, tube exserted from calyx. Soviet Far East: Ussuri. General distribution: North China, Northeast China. Described from Northeast China. Type in Paris. 5. M. stolonifer Novopokr. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR XI (1949) 155.—Ic.: lc. 157. Annual. Stem 7—35 cm tall, distinctly hairy (especially in upper part), rather slender, about 1.5 mm thick in middle part, with creeping, slender, flagellate stolons at base, rooting at nodes, with highly reduced oppo- site leaves separated by long internodes. Leaves puberulent along veins, ovate-rhombic to oblong-rhombic, acute, with short, slightly winged peti- oles, in. middle leaves about 1/5 as long as the lamina, sharply dentate in middle and above, with 4-6 teeth on each side, pinnately veined (lat- eral veins diverging from midrib in lower part of leaf); lamina of middle leaves 1.5-6 cm long, 0.8—2 cm broad; leaves in 3-7 pairs, lower 1-2 of them sometimes with rather slender spaced branches in axils and some- what reduced leaves; pedicels slender and rather long, shorter, equaling or slightly longer than leaves. Flowers yellow, few (1-3 on main stem), rather large, 2.5-3.5 cm long. Corolla tube narrow below, campanulately broadened upward at level of calyx throat, lobes short, orbicular. Style glabrous; both style and stamens included. August. 316 280 Soviet Far East: Ussuri (Gulf of Nakhtau, Nelka Bay, Cape of Olympiad). Endemic. Described from Gulf of Nakhtau. Type in Leningrad. Note. Distinguished from the related M. nepalensis Benth. by the more or less fibrous (and not glabrous) stems, and the fewer, larger flowers. M. sessilifolius Maxim. which is similar to it, is distinguished from our species by its height, glabrous (or subglabrous) stem and sessile, longer and broader (broadly ovate) leaves. 6. M. moschatus Dougl.-Lindl. in Edwards and al. Bot. Reg. XIII (1827) 118; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 372; Melan-Cajander, Suomen Kasvio, 261; Grant in Ann. Miss. Bot. Gard. 223.—Ic.: Edvards, l.c.; Britt. and Brown, Illustr. fl. ed. 2, II, 191. Perennial. Plant glandular-villous (after drying up, glandular heads can only be seen through a powerful lens), emitting (especially in hot weather) a musky fragrance. Stem 5—30 cm tall, cylindrical, procumbent, rooting from lower nodes or almost erect. Leaves ovate, short-petiolate, remote-dentate, sometimes subentire, with usually rounded or truncate, rarely cordate base. Flowers few, 1.5-2 cm long, on slender pedicels, shorter than bracts. Calyx tabular or tubular-campanulate, 8-10 mm long, with unequal (upper longer) subulate-lanceolate teeth, 1/2—2/3 as long as tube. Corolla yellow, with reddish veins, pilose at mouth, tube exserted from calyx; limb short, lobes short, almost equal. July. Near water, along streams, ditches etc. Sometimes cultivated —European USSR: Baltic Region (Tallin), Ladoga-Ilmen (Ze- lenogorsk). General distribution: North America; introduced in Europe. Described from North America. Type in London. Genus 1334. MAZUS!>2 Lour. Lour. Fl. Cochinch. (1790) 385.—Hornemannia Willd. Enum pl. hort. Berol. (1809) 653. Flowers small, in terminal, almost unilateral racemes. Bracts very minute; bracteoles minute, 1-2 or absent. Calyx broadly campanulate, 5-partite. Corolla pale blue, bluish violet or white, tube short, with bilabi- ate limb; upper lip slightly arcuate, ovate, short-bifid; lower lip slightly longer, spreading, trifid, with two hollow umbos extended into folds, cov- ered with stipiform papillae at mouth. Stamens four, didynamous, lower stamens longer than upper; anther sacs divaricate. Style terminating in two ovate lobes. Capsule bilocular or 2-valved, dehiscing by longitudinal slits, passing through valves in middle of each loculus; placenta thick, fleshy. 1 Treatment by V.F. Golubkova. 2 From the Greek mazos—papillae, since the lower lip is covered with papillae at the mouth. 317 281 Seeds numerous, very minute, ovoid. Short annual or biennial herbs, often with underground trailing shoots, pubescent or glabrous. Leaves incise- dentate; lower leaves and leaves on shoots opposite or in rosettes, uppet usually alternate. The genus includes nearly 40 species, most of which are found in Central and East Asia and some in India, Indonesia and Australia. i Pedicels 7-10 mm long; corolla 6-10 mm long; plant 3-15 cm tall Pe ee ee eee far sy ed oe eee 1. M. japonicus (Thnb.). Ktze. + Pedicels 2-6 mm long; corolla 13-18 mm long; plant 10-40 cm tall Fe ES ene ane 2. M. stachydifolius (Turcz.) Maxim. 1. M. japonicus (Thnb.) O. Ktze. Rev. gen. pl. II (1981) 462; Kom. and Alis. Opred. rast. Dalnevost. kr. II, 919.—M. rugosus Lour. Fl. Cochinch. (1790) 385; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 424; Maxim. Prim. FI. Amur. 205; Kom. Fl. Manchzh. Il, 419.—M. vandellioides Hance ex Hemsley in Walp. Ann. III (1852-1853) 193.—Lindernia japonica Thunb. Fl. Japon. (1784) 253—Hornemannia bicolor Willd. Enum. pl. hort. Berol. (1809) 654.—Tittmannia obovata Bge. Enum. pl. Chinae bor. (1833) 49.—Vandellia obovata Walp. Rep. III (1844-1845) 294.—Ic.: Bonati in Lecomte Fl. Gén. Indo-Chine, IV, 349. Annual. Stems longitudinally rugose-ribbed, simple erect, 3—15 cm tall, or branched at root neck itself with rather numerous, spreading divar- icate, trailing or partially ascending branches up to 30 cm long, sparsely leafy, erect or flexuous, often with shoots, patently pilose or rarely glabrous. Leaves obovate or oblong-cuneate, obtuse, coarsely incise- dentate, with 2-5 obtuse teeth on each side or upper leaves mostly obscurely dentate to subentire, sparsely pilose on both surfaces, rarely glabrous; radical leaves 2-4 cm long, 0.8—1.3 cm broad, rosette forming; petiole equaling lamina, sometimes rather broad and winged, sparsely pilose or rarely glabrous; upper leaves opposite or sometimes even alter- nate, 0.8—2 cm long, 0.20.4 cm broad, subsessile or sessile, base cuneate. Flowers in lax, flexuous 3—10(15) cm long racemes; pedicels 7-10 cm long (in flowers), glandular-pubescent, with setaceous, about 1 mm long bract. at base. Calyx in flowers 3.5—7 mm long, campanulate, incised up to 1/2 its length or slightly more into broadly lanceolate lobes, accrescent in fruit up to 10 mm long and spherically inflated, with recurved lobes and distinct veins, glabrous outside, rarely with scattered, patent or oblique- antrorse hairs. Corolla bluish violet with yellow patch in throat, 6-10 mm long; limb half as long as tube, middle lobe of lower lip longer than lateral lobes, upper lip finely dotted, tuberculate-villous outside, especially along margin, lower lip covered with stalked papillae inside throat. Stamens situated under upper corolla lip; posterior stamens slightly exceeding 318 282 or equaling corolla tube, anterior shorter, filaments united with corolla tube for most of their length; both anthers and filaments glabrous. Style glabrous, slightly shorter than upper corolla lip, curved at apex; stigma lobes unequal, finely asperate-villous along margin. Capsule 3-5 mm long, enclosed in calyx, equaling its tube, compressed, globose, beaked, finely asperate above. Seeds about 0.75 mm long, slightly angular, margin narrow-dentate along angles. July to September. Silty and sandy river banks, damp places on mountain grasslands and slopes, in deciduous forests and neglected pastures——Soviet Central Asia: Pamiro-Alai (Kashkadarya basin); Soviet Far East: Zeya-Bureya, Ussuri. General distribution: Japan, China, Tibet. Described from Japan. Type in Uppsala. 2. M. stachydifolius (Turcz.) Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Pétersb. XX (1875) 438; Kom. Fl. Man’chzh. III, 418; Kom. and Alis. Opred. rast. Dalnevost. kr. II, 919.—Tittmannia stachydifolia Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. X (1837) 156.—Vandellia stachydifolia Walp. Rep. III (1844-1845) 294. Annual. Stems 10-40 cm tall, erect, simple or with appressed branches in lower part, covered somewhat densely with multicellular patent white hairs intermixed with subsessile glands mainly in upper part, often red- dish below. Leaves 1.2-7 cm long, 0.3-2 cm broad, oblong or oblong- lanceolate, irregularly serrate-dentate or subentire; lowermost opposite, narrowed into short and broad petiole; upper leaves subopposite or some- times the uppermost alternate, subsessile or sessile, narrowed at base, upper surface of all leaves covered with scattered white, fine hairs, lower surface so only along midrib; rarely both surfaces glabrous; racemes nar- row and lax usually long, rarely short, (2)4—20 cm long; pedicels shorter than calyx, 2-6 mm long, pilose and asperate-glandular, with a deltoid- lanceolate bract at base, about 1 mm long, ciliate or glabrous along margin. Calyx 4-7 mm long, accrescent up to 10 mm with 10 patently hairy veins, conical, incised up to middle into 5 acute large lanceolate teeth with as- perate margin, diffusely glandular all over surface. Corolla 13-18 mm long, with violet tube, slightly exceeding calyx, as long as limb, upper lip 2-3 mm long, narrow, whitish, long tapering at apex up to 1 mm broad and shortly bicornuate, very shortly asperate along margin, lower lip much longer, 6-8 mm long, up to 1 cm broad, bluish-violet, middle lobe shallowly sinuate 1/2 as long as truncate lateral lobes and smaller, with two longitudinal hollow umbos with yellow patch and dense pa- pillose hairs in throat, very finely asperate mainly along margin. Anterior stamens slightly exceeding corolla tube, posterior shorter; filaments united with corolla tube for most of their length, glabrous. Style slightly shorter than upper corolla lip, equaling anterior stamens; stigma lobes very shortly 319 283 fimbriate-asperate along margin, Capsule enclosed within calyx, 2—3.5 mm long, globose, slightly compressed, with persistent style, slightly exserted from calyx, densely pilose outside. Seeds up to-0.25 mm long, angular, almost smooth, May to June. In meadows, pastures, river valleys—Soviet Far East: Zeya-Bureya, Ussuri. General distribution: Mongolia, China, Korea, Tibet. Described from North China. Type in Leningrad. Genus 1335. DODARTIA:2 L. L. Sp. pl. (1753) 633 Calyx campanulate, persistent, shortly 5-toothed. Corolla tube long, gradually broadened, limb bilabiate; upper lip short, erect, concave; lower lip larger, elongated, cuneate-obovate, spreading, shortly 3-lobed lobes unequal. Stamens 4, inserted in corolla throat, with equal bilocular an- thers. Pistil one, with bilocular ovary, filiform style and bilobed stigma. Capsule globose, nondehiscent. Seeds small, numerous, Flowers numer- us, on short pedicels, in sparse racemose inflorescence. Perennial herbs. Monotypic genus. 1. O. orientalis L. Sp. pl. (1753) 633; Bge. in Ldb. FI. alt. II, 449; Benth in DC. Prodr. X, 376; M.B. FI. taur.-cauc. II, 84; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 224; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 424; Schmalh. Fl. II, 267; O. and B. Fedtsch. Perech. rast. Turkest. 5, 89; Fedtsch. Rast. Turkest. 694; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. Ill, 380; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2430.—Ic.: Bot. Mag. XLVIII, tab. 2199; Jaub and Spach, Illustr. pl. or. V, tab. 410; Fedtsch. and Fler. Fl. Evrop. Ross. fig. 797; Sorn. rast. SSSR, IV, Fig. 413.—Exs.: Ed. Hort. Bot. Petrop. No. 47;.GRF, No. 1178; HFAM, No. 156. Perennial. Plant 15-50 cm tall, glabrous, sometimes puberulent in lower part. Root thick, vertical, elongated. Stems solitary or almost fasci- culate, erect, somewhat cylindrical, branched from base; branches slender, flexuous, lower mostly opposite, upper alternate, equal in length, rarely leafy. Lower leaves opposite, ovate or oblong, broad at base, 1.5-4.5 cm long, 3—5 mm broad, acute, other leaves alternate, linear-lanceolate or lin- ear, 1 cm long, 1 mm broad, acute; upper leaves 0.5 cm long, 1 mm broad, scaly, almost linear, obtuse, all leaves flat, sessile single-veined, gener- ally entire or sometimes regularly dentate. flowers on short, 0.5—-1 mm long, erect, thick, glabrous pedicels, regularly spaced, 3—7 in terminal, simple, erect, 3.5-11 cm long, 1—2.5 cm broad, leafless racemes. Bracts 1.5-5 mm long, 0.5—1.7 mm broad, oblong-lanceolate or ovate, subacute. ! Treatment by S.G. Gorschkova. 2 Named after the French doctor and botanist Dionis Dodart (1624-1707). 320 (284 Calyx 3.5 mm long, 1/5—1/4 as long as corolla, 10-veined, glabrous with deltoid, acute, erect, 1 mm long, subequal teeth. Corolla dark purple or dark violet, 1.5—-2.5 cm long, very rarely white (f. alba Trautv.),. turn- ing black on drying, with almost open throat, finely glandular outside or glabrous, with clavate, erect tube and bilabiate limb; upper lip short, erect, ovate or oblong, sharply incised, bilobed, lobes ovate, subacute, lower lip 2-3 times as long as upper lip, convex, 3-lobed; lateral lobes orbicular, middle ovate-oblong, obtuse, with two longitudinal tubercles in the mid- dle, densely covered with long, flat, white glands with rounded black ends (clavate hairs). Two stamens almost equaling corolla tube and two longer, exserted, slightly shorter than upper lip; filaments glabrous; anthers violet, glabrous, reniform. Ovary globose, 1.5 mm long, 1.3 mm broad, glabrous; style 1.3 cm long, glabrous, erect, 6-7 times as long as ovary, exserted, with bilobed stigma, lobes flat, slender, oblong or ovate, equal, obtuse, with lanate surface. Capsule cartilaginous, bilocular, obscurely 4-ribbed, smooth, 5 mm long, light or dark brown, somewhat depressed above, with a small mucro. Seeds ovoid or more or less trigonous, 0.5—0.7 mm long, 0.3 mm broad, yellowish brown, smooth. May to July. In steppes, on stony slopes and sands, alkaline, salt marshes and steppe meadows and along river valleys. As a weed among crops of oats, wheat, barley, rice, near gardens and roads.—European USSR: Mid- dle Dnieper (Vapnyarka escape), Trans-Volga Region, Black Sea Region, Lower Don, Lower Volga; Caucasus: Ciscaucasia, Dagestan, western, eastern and southern Transcaucasia; Western Siberia: Upper Tobol, Ir- tysh, Altai; Soviet Central Asia: Aral-Caspian Region, Balkhash Region, Dzh.-Tarbagatai, Kyzyl Kum, Kara Kum, mountainous Turkmenia, Amu Darya, Syr Darya, Pamiro-Alai, Tien Shan. General distribution: Iran. Dzh.- Kashgar (Kuldzha), Mongolia (northwest). Described from Ararat. Type in London. Economic importance: In autumn, the lower part of the plant pro- duces a white resinous sap, used by the Kirghiz people for making sulfur for chewing (Ivanov, 1913, in herbarium). The plant is a new source of | medicinal raw material and has been tried as laxative [S.E. Zemlinsky, Medicinal Plants of USSR (1949) 277]. Genus 1336. DOPATRIUM! 2 Hamilt. Hamilt. in Benth. Scroph. ind. (1835) 30 Flowers solitary, axillary. Calyx short, 5-partite. Corolla infundibuli- form, with long, narrow-cylindrical tube broadening at mouth and bilabiate 1 Leaves by S.G. Gorschkova. 2 Bast Indian name. 321 285 ‘limb, upper lip short, almost bilobed, lower lip larger, broadly 3-lobed. Sta- mens 2, included, and staminodes 2, all inserted in corolla tube. Pistil one with globose ovary, short style and bilobed stigma. Capsule sulcate, de- - hiscing by 4 valves. Seeds numerous, minute, tuberculate. Marsh annuals, glabrous plants with opposite entire leaves. Seven species, distributed in Africa and tropical Asia. One species occurs in USSR. 1. D. junceum (Roxb.) Hamilt. in Benth. Scroph. ind. (1835) 31; Benth in DC. Prodr. X, 407; Fedtsch. Rast. Turkest. 694.—Gratiola juncea Roxb. Pl. Corom. II (1798) 16.—Ic.: Roxb. l.c. tab. 129; Sorn. rast. SSSR, IV, fig. 414; Somoku-Dzusetsu, ed. Makino (Iconogr. pl. Nippon) I, tab. 41. Annual. Plant 10-30 cm tall, glabrous, with numerous slender roots. Stem erect, rounded, ascending, sparingly branched at base. Leaves ob- long or obovate, 1—2.5 cm long, 0.4—0.6 cm broad, subacute, upper leaves 0.8 cm long, 0.4 cm broad, broadly ovate, subobtuse, all leaves sessile, somewhat transparent, shining. Flowers small, solitary, usually on 4-8 mm long, filiform, glabrous pedicels, in upper leaf axils and on branch ends, lower flowers generally on 2 mm long pedicels. Calyx 1—1.5 mm long, teeth subobtuse, 0.5—0.7 mm long, 1/2 as long as calyx. Corolla pink- ish lilac, 4-5(6) mm long, upper lip bilobed, 1 mm long; lobes oblong, obtuse, equal, 0.5 mm long, 0.5 mm broad; lower lip 2 mm long, 2-3 times as long as upper lip, 3—lobed, lobes unequal, middle lobe 1 mm long, 0.8 mm broad, oblong, obtuse, lateral lobes 0.8 mm long, 1 mm broad. Stamens 2, posterior, fertile, with short glabrous filaments and globose, converging, yellowish brown anthers; staminodes 2, filiform. Ovary globose, 1 mm long, 0.8 mm broad, yellowish brown, smooth; style reduced, thick, slightly shorter than ovary, with bilobed stigma. Cap- sule ellipsoid or sometimes subglobose, 2 mm long, 1.5 mm broad, dark brown or yellowish brown, obtuse. Seeds 0.3 mm long, 0.1 mm broad, oblong-ellipsoid, yellowish brown, finely tuberculate. July to August. In rice fields —Soviet Central Asia: Amu Darya, Pamiro-Alai. General distribution: India-Himalayas, Japan, China, Australia. Described from In- dia. Type in London. Genus 1337. GRATIOLA)? L. L. Sp. pl. (1753) 17 Flower solitary, axillary on long pedicels or subsessile. Calyx 5- partite almost up to base. Corolla white, yellowish or pinkish, with long 1 Treatment by S.G. Gorschkova. 2 Diminutive from Latin gratia—grace, from the curative property of the plant. 322 286 tube and short, obscurely bilabiate limb, upper lip entire or somewhat sinuate, lower lip 3-lobed. Stamens 4, anterior two with long and slender filaments and underdeveloped anthers, inserted almost at base of corolla tube, two posterior with thick, rather short filaments, inserted in middle part of tube, anthers bilocular, with parellel sacs, obliquely situated on broad, somewhat scarious, patelliform connective. Pistil one; ovary ovoid, style long, curved above with bilobed stigma. Fruit a capsule, broad-ovoid or globose, dehiscing by 4 valves. Seeds numerous, minute, oblong, some- what fusiform longitudinally reticulate-sulcate, somewhat curved. The genus includes 24 species distributed in subtropical countries nearly all over the globe. 1. Plant perennial, 20-60(80) cm tall, with thick, creeping rootstock; leaves lanceolate, dentate in upper part; flowers on long, 1.5—2 cm long pedicels; corolla 1.8—2 cm long, 3 times as long as calyx ............... ea ett? <8 eee natin eerie TIER Web nya) ot oom nS ake 1. G. officinalis L. + Plant annual, 8—20 cm tall, with numerous slender roots in thick cluster; leaves oblong or lanceolate, entire; flowers subsessile; corolla 5-6 mm fone; eas times ’as long asicalyxe 2: ate. eee: 2. G. japonica Miq. 1. G. officinalis L. Sp. pl. (1753) 17; Bge. in Ldb. FI alt. I, 46; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 404; Ldb. FI. Ross. III, 224; Schmalh. FI. II, 268; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 380; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2431.—Ic.: Syreistsch. Ill. fl. Mosk. gub. III, 138; Kom. Sb., sushka i razv. lek. rast. Ross. ed. 3, fig. 44; Maevsk. Fl. ed. 8, fig. 175; Hegi, Illustr. Fl. Mittel-Eur. VI, 1, tab. 237, f. 2, 2a,—Exs.: GRF, No. 329; Fl. pol. exs. No. 468; FI. Hung. exs. No. 452; Fl. exs. Reipubl. Boh.-Slov. No. 1267; Herb. norm. No. 4910; Fl. exs. austro-hung. No. 2929. Perennial. Plant 20-60(80) cm tall, glabrous, with creeping, rather thick, 4-5 mm broad, articulate, brown rootstock, covered with small scales. Stem erect, mostly reddish-violet at base, 4-angled above, simple, sometimes branched. Leaves opposite, sessile, semiamplexicaul, lance- olate, (1.5)3—5(6) cm long, (0.2)0.5—1(1.3) cm broad, acute, mostly 3- veined, dentate or sharp-serrulate in upper part, entire below, surface sparsely and minutely glandular-punctate. Flowers on slender, 1.5—2 cm long pedicels, solitary, axillary, subtending leaf half as long as pedicel; bracteoles 2 at calyx base, linear, 1—-1.2 cm long, 1 mm broad, slightly longer, acute, single-veined, sometimes sparsely glandular-punctate. Calyx 5-partite almost to base, 7—7.5(8) mm long, 1/3—2/5 as long as corolla; lobes lanceolate-linear, (6)6.5—7(7.5) mm long, 0.7 mm broad, long acumi- nate, sparsely glandular-punctate. Corolla 1.8—2 cm long, broadened above up to 4-5 mm, tube yellowish, 1.3 cm long, 2-3 mm broad, with sparse, longitudinal, dark violet veins, similar to the white, almost bilabiate limb; 323 287 upper lip trapezoidal, rather narrowed at base, 6—6.5 mm long, 8.5 mm broad, entire or somewhat sinuate; lower lip 3-lobed, lobes equal, obo- vate, 6.5 mm long, 7 mm broad, obtuse, entire; upper part of corolla tube and base of lateral lobes covered on inner side by whitish yellow, long, unicellular, simple and sparse, claviform hairs. Filaments of two anterior stamens 5—5.5 mm long, with slender undeveloped anthers, posterior sta- mens with broader 2 mm long filaments and transversely inserted anthers. Pistil with ovoid, 2—2.5 mm long, 2 mm broad ovary, 6—6.5 mm long style; stigma bilobed, 0.7 mm long, ligulate. Capsule broadly ovoid, 5-6 mm long, 7 mm broad, smooth, dark yellowish brown, acute, almost equaling calyx or a little shorter. Seeds numerous, 0.5—0.8 mm long, 0.2-0.3 mm broad, oblong, almost trigonous, mostly obliquely truncate above, narrow underneath, straight or sometimes somewhat curved, brown or cinnamon, longitudinally and transversely sulcate, reticulate-rugose. June to October. On hummocks, banks of ponds, flood meadows, coastal sands and as a weed in rice fields. European USSR: Baltic States, Ladoga-IImen, Upper Volga, Volga-Kama, Upper Dnieper, Middle Dnieper, Trans- Volga Region, Bessarabia, Black Sea Region, Crimea, Lower Don, Lower Volga; Cau- casus: Ciscaucasia, western and eastern Transcaucasia; Western Siberia: Irtysh, Altai; Soviet Central Asia: Aral-Caspian Region, Balkhash Region, Syr Darya, Pamiro-Alai (vicinity of the city of Stalinabad), Tien Shan (Alma-Ata Region). General distribution: Central and Atlantic Europe, Mediterranean Region, Balkan States-Asia Minor, Iran, North America. Described from Europe. Type in London. Economic importance: All parts of the plant are poisonous, containing glucosides grasiolin and grasiolysin, which act as a strong purgative, the property persisting even on drying. Gratiola, if mixed with hay, causes severe diarrhea in animals, resulting in complete exhaustion and even death (N.V. Pavlov, Rast. res. yuzhn. Kazakhst. (1947) 188). Medicinal plant, used as a home remedy. 2. G. japonica Mig. in Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. II (1865-1866) 117; Kom. Fl. Man’chzh. II, 421; Kom. and Alis. Opred. rast. Dalnevost. kr. II, 919.—Ic.: Kom. l.c. Plate V, 12. Annual. Plant glabrous, roots numerous, slender, fibrous, in dense cluster. Stem 8-20 cm tall, decumbent and rooting at base, ascending, erect, simple, weakly branched, somewhat thickened, succulent. Leaves oblong or lanceolate, 0.7—2.3 cm long, 2.5-6 mm broad, sometimes elongate, subacute, smooth, somewhat fleshy, entire, petiolate. Flow- ers subsessile, solitary, axillary; bracteoles herbaceous, linear-lanceolate, 44.5 mm long, 0.5—0.7 mm broad, subobtuse. Calyx pale, 5-partite almost to base, 3-4 mm long; lobes linear- or oblong-lanceolate, 2-2.5 mm long, 1 mm broad, subobtuse, with thin scarious margin. Corolla 5-6 mm long, 324 325, 288 1.5—2 mm broad, white or yellowish; tube 44.5 mm long, short-bilabiate; upper lip 1-1.5 mm long, 1.5 mm broad, trapezoidal, obtuse or lightly sinuate; lower lip 3-lobed, lobes obovate, 0.8-1.3 mm long, 0.7 mm broad, obtuse, generally somewhat sinuate above. Two stamens fertile, with 0.6 mm long filaments and broadly ellipsoid anthers with parallel sacs, other two stamens sterile (staminodes), with filiform, somewhat elongated filaments terminating in capitate underdeveloped anthers above. Pistil with ovoid ovary 1.5—2 mm long, 1.2—2 mm broad; style 1.2-1.8 mm long; stigma suborbicular bilobed. Capsule ovoid or globose, compressed, 4 mm long, 4.5 mm broad, slightly exceeding or sometimes almost equal- ing calyx, smooth, yellowish brown, thin-walled. Seeds numerous, 0.7 mm long, 0.2 mm broad, somewhat curved, yellowish brown, longitudinally reticulate-sulcate. June to July. Silty and sandy shoals near lakes, ox bows, canal and rivulets. —Soviet Far East: Zeya-Bureya, Ussuri. General distribution: Japan and China (Manchuria). Described from Japan. Type in Tokyo. Genus 1338. LIMOSELLA* ? L. L. Sp. pl. (1753) 631 Flowers small, solitary, axillary, on short pedicels. Calyx campan- ulate, 5-toothed. Corolla rotate-campanulate, almost regular; tube short; limb 5-lobed, open, almost bilabiate. Stamens 4, equal, inserted in middle of tube, anthers unilocular. Pistil with oblique, more or less short. style. Capsule 2-valved, bilocular only at the base. Seeds numerous, minute, oblong. Herbs, glabrous, sodden or procumbent. Of 7 species in this genus, distributed almost all over the globe, one occurs in the USSR. 1. L. aquatica L. Sp. pl. (1753) 631; Bge. in Ldb. FI. alt. II, 463; Turcz. Fl. baic-dah. II, 335; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 426; Ldb. FI. Ross. III, 226; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 428; Schmalh. FI. II, 269; Kom. Fl. Man’chzh. III, 423; Kom. Fl. Kamch. III, 64; O. and B. Fedtsch. Perech. rast. Turkest. 5, 90; Fedtsch. Rast. Turkest. 694; Kom and Alis. Opred. rast. Dalnevost. kr. II, 920; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 381; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2432.—Ic.: Lam. Illustr. III, tab. 535; Rchb. Ic. fl. Germ. XX, tab. 1722; Fedtsch. and Fler. Fl. Evrop. Ross. fig. 799; Syreistsch. Ill. fl. Mosk. gub. III, 139; Hegi, Illustr. Fl. Mittel-Eur. VI, 1, tab. 237; Fl. Yugo-Vost. fig. 631.—Exs.: FI. Finl. exs. No. 346 and 910; Herb. Fl. Ingr. No. 454; GRF, No. 222; FI. Hung. exs. No. 776; Fl. exs. austro-hung. No. 2618. 1 Treatment by S.G. Gorschkova. From the Latin limosus—imy, indicating habitat of the plant. 289 Annual. Plant 3-5(10) cm tall, glabrous, with trailing, slender, root- ing branches. Leaves in basal rosettes and terminating shoots, elliptical or linear (var. tenuifolia Lej.), linear-oblong or linear-spatulate, 0.3-1.5 cm long, 0.5—S mm broad, subobtuse, entire, somewhat fleshy, at least 1/3 as long as 0.7-4 cm long petiole. Flowers (3-10) solitary axillary, on erect 0.7—-1.3 cm long pedicels; pedicels sometimes equaling leaves (var. tenuifolia Lej.), without bracteoles. Calyx 1.5—2 mm long, 0.7 mm broad (accrescent in fruit—2.5 mm long, 1.7 mm broad), shorter than corolla, tube 1-1.5 mm long, 3 times as long as lobes; lobes ovate-triangular, 0.5—0.7 mm long, 0.7 mm broad, acute, reflexed. Corolla white or pink, 2-3.5 mm long, almost regular; tube greenish, 1.6—2 mm long and 0.8 mm broad; lobes 5, elliptical, oblong or oblong-ovate, obtuse, 1—-1.2 mm long, 0.5—0.7 mm broad. Stamens 4, sometimes 2 (var. diandra (Krock.) Mart.), equal, with dark brown anthers, transversely attached to filaments. Pistil with ovoid, brown ovary 1.3 mm long, 0.7 mm broad, style 0.7 mm long and capitate stigma. Capsule ovoid or globose, 3 mm long, 2 mm broad, slightly exceeding calyx, yellowish brown (or brown), smooth. Seeds 0.5 mm long, 0.2 mm broad, biconvex, ends acuminate, nearly beaked, brown or yellowish brown, longitudinally ribbed, transversely rugulose. April to September. On sandy and silty banks, shoals, near ditches, in meadows, on bot- tom of dry ponds, in turfy flood plain meadows.—Arctic Region: Arctic Europe, Arctic Siberia (Nikandr island on the Yenisey), Anadyr (Penzhina River Basin); European USSR: Karelia-Lapland, Dvina-Pechora, Baltic States, Ladoga-IImen, Upper Volga, Volga-Kama, Upper Dnieper, Middle Dnieper, Volga-Don, Trans-Volga Region, Bessarabia, Black Sea Region, Lower Don, Lower Volga; Caucasus: southern and eastern Transcaucasia; Western Siberia: Ob (region), Upper Tobol, Irtysh, Altai; Eastern Siberia: Yenisei, Lena-Kolyma (Lena Valley below Yakutsk), Angara-Sayan, Dau- ria; Far East: Kamchatka, Okhotsk (Ayan), Zeya-Bureya, Ussuri; Soviet Central Asia: Aral-Caspian Region, Pamiro-Alai (Toguzbulak valley near Varsida village, Novobad), Tien Shan (Kizylsu). General distribution: Arc- tic Region, Scandinavia, Central and Altantic Europe, India-Himalayas, Mongolia, Japan, China (Manchuria), North America, Tibet, South Amer- ica, Austria, Africa. Described from northern regions of Europe. Type in London. The following forms can be recognized: Terrestrial form with rather short petioles and thick blades, the most widely distributed one; and Aquatic form, with floating leaves, on petioles up to 15 cm long, with thin oblong-elliptical blades. 326 327 290 Genus 1339. VANDELLIA" 2 L. L. Mant. I (1767) 89 Calyx tubular or campanulate, 5-toothed or 5-partite, lobes sube- qual, slightly imbricate. Corolla limb bilabiate, upper lip erect, shortly 2-partite, lower lip larger, diverging, 3-partite. Stamens 4, didynamous, fertile, filaments converging, anterior inserted at base of lower lip, longer, with filiform or toothlike appendages at base, posterior stamens short; anthers convergent, sacs divaricate. Pistil with unilocular ovary, simple style and often bifid or subentire stigma. Capsule globose-oblong or linear, short-beaked, dehiscing by two valves, valves scarious, entire, margin flat separating up to the middle with one placenta. Seeds nu- merous. Flowers solitary, axillary, opposite, on short or somewhat long pedicels, sometimes in racemes terminating branches, such racemes of- ten in false compressed umbels. Herbaceous plants, often decumbent, branched, glabrous or pubescent. Leaves opposite. Thirty species distributed in tropical and subtropical countries of Asia, Africa, Australia and America. One occurs in the USSR. 1. V. diffusa L. Mant. I (1767) 89; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 416; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 38 1.—Lindernia diffusa (L.) Wettst. in Pflanzenfam. IV, 3b (1891) 79.—Ic.: Lam. Illustr. II, tab. 522; London, Mag. Nat. Hist. I, 189; Trans. Med. Bot. Soc. London, tab. 1; Martius, Fl. Brasil. VIII, I, tab. 55. Annual. Plant diffusely setose, often canescent, 5-20 cm tall, with slender branched roots. Stems almost filiform, 4-angled, decumbent or ascending, erect, branched, branches divaricate. Leaves ovate or broadly ovate, (0.3)0.7—2.5 cm long, (0.1)0.5—2 cm broad, subacute, almost cori- aceous, margin sharply serrate or serrate-subdentate, rarely ciliate, green or violet, often yellowish below, opposite, somewhat connivent, rounded at base, sessile or on 1-2 mm long petioles, obscurely 3—5-veined, lower surface (especially along veins) sparsely pubescent. Flowers small, solitary, axillary, on short, erect, angular, pubescent pedicels, equal- ing or slightly exceeding calyx (a. pedunculata Benth.), 1/5-1/2 as long as leaves; bracteoles absent. Calyx tubular-campanulate, almost 5-segmented, (2.5)3-4(4.5) mm long, 1.5 mm broad, often thin at base, angular, pubescent; lobes linear-lanceolate, 0.7—2 mm long, 0.2 mm broad, acute, ciliate along margin. Corolla 6 mm long, whitish, tube 4 mm long, limb bilabiate, upper lip longer, erect, ovate, shortly 2-segmented or often entire, obtuse, violet; lower lip larger, deflexed, white, 3-lobed, lobes | Treatment by S.G. Gorschkova. 2Named after Vandelli, a professor of botany (in Coimbra), who studied plants of Portugal and Brazil. 328 291 orbicular. Two anterior stamens with longer filaments, converging, flat- tened, curved with appendages at base; appendages tuberculate-glandular, obovate, oblong or subulate, acute; anthers almost connate; two poste- rior stamens with short filaments. Pistil with oblong-conical ovary 2 mm long, 0.7 mm broad; style 3 mm long, glabrous, arcuate above and bil- amellate stigma. Capsule oblong or linear, 8-9 mm long, 3-3.5 mm broad, dull yellow, acute, glabrous, striped, 2-valved, valves scarious, entire. Seeds numerous, 0.5—0.6 mm long, 0.3 mm broad, somewhat an- gular, yellowish or brownish, longitudinally papillose on surface. June to July. Weed among crops of rice and maize (escape from tropics). Caucasus: western Transcaucasia (Adzharia, Sarpi), eastern Transcaucasia. General distribution: America, Africa. Described fromi America. Type in London. Genus 1340: LINDERNIA!2 All. All. Misc. taurin. III (1755) 178 Flowers solitary, axillary, usually on long pedicels, open (chasmog- amous) and developing closed (cleistogamous) flowers as well. Calyx deeply 5-partite, lobes almost identical. Corolla tubular, limb bilabiate; upper lip flat, short, slightly sinuate or sometimes bilobed; lower lip more or less diverging, 3-lobed. Stamens 4, anthers free, bilocular, with sacs obliquely diverging. Pistil one, with unilocular ovary, short style and cap- itate stigma. Capsule ellipsoid-ovoid or oblong-ellipsoid, dehiscing by two valves. Seeds numerous. Herbaceous annual plant, glabrous, with opposite leaves. Monotypic genus. 1. L. pyxidaria All. Misc. taurin. II (1755) 178; Benth. in DC, Prodr. X, 418; M.B. FI. taur.-cauc. II, 81; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 225; Kom. FI. Manchzh. III, 423; Kom and Alis. Opred. rast. Dalnevost. kr. II, 920; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 381; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2433; Maevsk. Fl. ed. 8, 456.—Vandellia pyxidaria Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Pétersb. XX (1875) 449; Boiss. Fl. or. [V, 427; Schmalh. FI. I, 268.—V. erecta Benth. Scroph. ind. (1835) 36.—Ic.: All. l.c. tab. 5; Lam. Illustr. III, tab. 522; Somoku- Dzusetsu, ed. Makino (Iconogr. pl. Nippon) XI, tab. 67.—Exs.: Fl. exs. Reipubl. Boh.-Slov. No. 365; Fl. exs. austro-hung. No. 2123. Annual. Plant 2—18(25) cm tall, with numerous fibrous roots. Stems 4-angled, slender, decumbent, procumbent or erect, usually branched from ! Treatment by S.G. Gorschkova. Named after Frantz Balthazar Lindern (1682-1755), a doctor and botanist in Strasbourg. 329 292 base, with somewhat.diverging branches. Leaves ovate, oblong-elliptical or elliptical, 0.6—2 cm long, 0.3-0.9 cm broad, opposite, obtuse, 3—5-veined, entire or sometimes denticulate-ciliate along margin, sessile, green or dark violet, generally narrowed at base, semiamplexicaul. Flowers solitary, ax- illary, on filiform, slender, 1-2(2.5) cm long pedicels; bracteoles absent. Calyx 3-4 mm long, parted almost up to base; lobes linear or lanceolate- linear, subacute, 3.5 mm long, 0.5 mm broad, generally violet above, shortly serrate-ciliate along margin. Corolla of open flowers 7-8 mm long, pale bluish, with violet spots; upper lip 1.4 mm long, 1.2 mm broad; lower lip 3 mm long, 2.5 mm broad, yellowish, 3-lobed; middle lobe 1.8 mm long, 1.5 mm broad and lateral 1 mm long and 0.7 mm broad. Two ante- rior stamens shorter than posterior, situated under lower lip, their filaments 1.3 mm long, curved, with subulate or linear, glandular, 0.7 mm long ap- pendages at base, rounded above, almost 2 times as broad as filaments. Cleistogamous flowers with closed corolla; corolla slightly shorter than or almost equaling calyx, upper lip pink, slightly shorter than yellowish lower lip. Stamens 4, erect, equal, appendages absent. Pistil with ellipsoid ovary 1.5 mm long, 0.6 mm broad, style 3 mm long and capitate stigma. Capsule oblong-ellipsoid, 3-4 mm long, brownish, smooth, with short spinule at apex, dehiscing by two valves. Seeds 0.2-0.3 mm long, 0.1 mm broad, oblong, obtuse, biconvex, yellowish, oblong-pitted on surface. May to August. On silty banks, in marshes. As weed sometimes in rice fields European USSR: Upper Dnieper, Middle Dnieper, Volga-Don, Trans-Volga Region, Black Sea Region, Lower Don (vicinity of the city of Serafimovich), Lower Volga; Caucasus: western Transcaucasia (Adzharia), eastern Transcaucasia, Talysh; Western Siberia: Irtysh (Ust- Kamenogorsk district; between Ulba and Irtysh), Altai (between Barnaul and Chesnokovka); Soviet Far East: Zeya-Bureya, Uda Region (Evura River bank, above Kargaka); Soviet Central Asia: Aral-Caspian Region, Balkhash Region (bank of Black Irtysh near the settlement of Buran), Pamiro-Alai. General distribution: Central Europe, Mediterranean Region (west), Balkan States—Asia Minor, Iran, India-Himalayas (eastern India) Japan and China. Described from northern Italy (?). Type in Florence. Subfamily III. RHINANTHNOIDEAE Wettst. in Pflanzenfam. IV, 3b (1985) 82.—Posterior lobes of corolla covered by 1 or both lateral lobes in aestivation. Tribe 1. VERONICEAE Benth. in DC. Prodr. X (1846) 456. Corolla tube very short, its lobes mostly widened. Stamens removed, usually 2. Anthers obtuse, bilocular or unilocular. Fruit—capsule. Leaves, at least basal, opposite. 330 293 Genus 1341. VERONICA)? L. L. Sp. pl. I (1753) 9.—Veronicastrum Heist. ex Fabr. Enum. meth. (1759) 111.—Diplophyllum Lehm. in Ges. Maturf. Fr. Berl. Mag. VIII (1814) 310.—Cochlidiospermum Rchb. Consp. (1826) 121.—Pseudolysimachion Opiz, Seznam (1852) 80.—Beccabunga Fourr. in Ann. Soc. Lian. Lyon. N.S. XVII (1869) 129——Veronicella Fourr. |.c. 128.—Paederotella (Wulff) Kem.-Nath. in Fl. Gruz. VII (1952) 341, nomen; in Zam. po sist. i geogr. rast. Akad. Nauk GruzSSR 17 (1953) 21. _Calyx usually deeply divided into 4 or 5 lobes, or lobes united in pairs almost to apex. Corolla deep blue, pink or white, sky blue or lilac, rarely yellow, lobes united at base forming short tube or tube 1/2-3/4 as long as corolla, in which case corolla tubular or tubular-campanulate; limb 4(5)-lobed, rotate or bilabiate, with erect or spreading, usually un- equal lobes; upper lobe larger than others, entire, rarely sinuate, broader than lateral lobes, lower lobe narrower than lateral lobes. Stamens 2, with somewhat long filaments, shorter or longer than corolla, inserted in corolla tube between upper and lateral lobes; anthers with two parallel sacs, dehiscing by longitudinal slit. Pistil with long style and small cap- itate stigma. Capsule bilobed, usually compressed perpendicularly to the septum or inflated, often notched, obtuse or acute at apex, with persistent style, glabrous or pubescent with simple or glandular hairs, smooth or reticulate due to prominent veins, dehiscing along two valves, loculicidal or septicidal. Seeds 1-12 in each locule, usually small, rarely rather large (one per locule), orbicular, ovate or oblong, scaphoidally concave or flat, biconvex, rugose or smooth, glabrous, rarely pubescent. Perennial or annual herbs, sometimes small semishrubs with woody base, either with woody or somewhat thick branched or reduced rhizomes, or with numerous slender roots. Leaves opposite, alternate or alternate only above, sometimes in whorls of 3-9, glabrous or pubescent with simple or glandular hairs. Stems erect or procumbent. Flowers crowded in termi- nal or lateral racemose, spicate, capitate or corymbose inflorescences, or solitary in leaf axils, sessile or on somewhat long pedicels. Genus type—Veronica officinalis L. Species of the genus Veronica (nearly 300) are distributed in all parts of the globe. They are most abundant in Europe and in Asia, mainly in countries adjoining the Mediterranean Sea. In Australia, New Zealand and South America, veronica shrubs are typical as landscape plants. A small number of veronica species (about 11) is known in Africa. North America has nearly 15, related to the Eurasian species. 1 Treatment by A.G. Borissova. 2 Name of the plant given by ancient authors. 331 294 . Perennials, rarely annuals in wet habitats (some species of Sec- tion Beccabunga), in the latter case capsules inflated; capsules com- pressed laterally or inflated; flowers in axillary or terminal racemose or spicate inflorescences, rarely solitary axillary ................. 2 Annuals, generally small plants with slender roots; capsules com- pressed laterally or slightly inflated; flowers solitary, axillary or in terminal inflorescences; calyx 4-partite; corolla rotate............ 8. . Flowers in axillary inflorescences or solitary, axillary; stem and branches terminating into leafy shoots; leaves all opposite :...... 3. Flowers in terminal dense or lax racemes, sometimes spicate, inflorescences long or short, sometimes capitate; stem and branches terminating into inflorescences; upper floral leaves opposite or whorled,«sometimes alternate). . bHejde lit estes hate hd ae te St . Flowers in axillary opposite or solitary inflorescences, often lax; main stem terminating into leaves; corolla rotate, with short tube; calyx 4- or 5-partite; stem without scale, leaves at base .................. 4. Flowers solitary, axillary; corolla tubular-campanulate or tubular, lobes erect, large, not united up to apex, tube short, without hairy ring; calyx 5-partite; stem with scale leaves in lower part. Caucasian plants (Subgenus Paederotella (Wulff) Boriss) ................. 46. Capsule orbicular to oblong-ellipsoid, inflated or slightly com- pressed, loculicidal or septicidal, obtuse or acute; seeds slightly flattened, ovate or oblong; calyx 4-partite. Plants generally confined to aquatic or marshy habitats, banks of ponds and rivers [Section Beccabungas(Griseb:) Benth: emeadaie.athcosse-ce-cereste.- zoe 48. Capsule strongly compressed laterally, septicidal; valves united al- most up to apex; seeds compressed, planoconvex or scaphoid, in- curved on one side; calyx 4- or 5-partite. Plants not aquatic (Section Chamaedrys Grisebs), aucalete uk.Ws -elansbel se. cteetae ot 103. . Corolla with short tube, rotate, sometimes united up to 1/2, with recurved or erect lobes; leaves opposite or whorled ............. 6. Corolla tubular, with long tube, much exceeding calyx, with short limb; leaves alternate, opposite or whorled; capsule acute, not com- pressed; style 8-9 mm long; calyx 5-partite; inflorescence spicate, long. Large plants of Far East [Subgenus Veronicastrum (Heist.) Boriss: ose. a eee Laat RM cel eee ches 43. . Calyx often 4-partite; corolla tube very short, broader than long, much shorter than limb; upper floral leaves alternate; capsules lat- erally compressed or suborbicular, slightly compressed, obtuse or emarginate, not tapering at apex; racemes often long, spicate or more or less Jax intemupted sand! SHOE 2-7 ao eens aa eee eee lbs Calyx 5-partite, sometimes 4-partite; corolla with short tube or con- nate up to 1/2 its length; capsules not laterally compressed or scarcely 332 ie 113), 295 so, generally somewhat tapering at apex, often longer than broad, ex- ceeding calyx; seeds flat; flowers in terminal, dense, often capitate racemes, racemes elongated in fruit; sometimes lateral racemes also present; stems usually numerous, densely leafy, sometimes with scale leaves at base. High-altitude plants, 5—25(35) cm tall, with creeping, slender rootstock (Section Macrostemon Boriss.) ............... 60. . Racemes short, if long, then lax and interrupted; corolla rotate, with very short tube; capsule strongly laterally compressed, often emarginate above (Section Euveronica Griseb.) ................ (2: Racemes dense, often long, sometimes short, spicate; corolla tube conspicuous, lobes recurved or erect; capsules suborbicular, slightly laterally compressed, obtuse or emarginate. Generally large plants, often widely distributed. (Section Pseudolysimachia Koch) ..... 82. . Seeds scaphoid, concave above, convex below .................. 9. Seeds flat or biconvex, with more or less distinct hilum ....... 34. . Calyx lobes united in pairs almost to apex, calyx thus appearing 2- pattite’ wathybitidklobesyitere Paste, Seles cee ksh siete ee 10. Calyx lobes ifree almost towbase: : 222222200004. 2a 12. . Cauline leaves whorled, together in fours at inflorescence base or sometimes slightly apart, entire or shallowly dentate; calyx not ac+ CHES CSM fe pT RUT E sora casvesbbepas sicre eects: orcas oenelonel ude Penst ys Peay arcboeeenc iil Cauline leaves not whorled, with serrate-dentate margin, conspicu- ously palmately veined, with cordate base; calyx lobes leafy, united in pairs almost up to apex, accrescent in fruit up to 1.5 cm long and broad: capsule orbiculan ses-ae cee se ase 57. V. crista-galli Stev. Leaves linear, linear-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, entire or ob- scurely sparsely dentate, gradually narrowed toward base, broadest above, in whorls of 4 or spaced, sometimes partly shedding ...... rN IG el i ec POM ea a 48. V. intercedens Bornm. Leaves oblong-ovate or ovate-oblong, broadest in middle part and below, margin shallowly serrate-dentate, uppermost leaves entire . Lh irucet tener past it Atat 49. V. cardiocarpa (Kar. and Kir.) Walpers. . Floral leaves different from cauline, sometimes only upper leaves STINT ai tov Oracts) Wak. Ne eee rn Tn DOR Conny beer erent ontertcne 13. Calyx lobes united at base; capsules with lobes united at base or up tone the lensthvat ardistinerangle rat on stents ere oN ir . Middle cauline leaves 3-5(7)-palmatipartite almost up to base; cap- Sule-orbicular-obcordate: sect. eo 50. V. triphyllos L. All leaves simple, elliptical or ovate, deeply dentate or entire...... Corolla 5—7 mm across; style equaling or slightly exceeding cap- sule sinus, 1—2 mm long; capsule sinus very small; capsule oblong, 333 334 296 18. We, 20. 21. chambers situated almost at right angles seeds ovate, rugose; leaves ovate-cordate, dentate, lower surface often reddish ................ epreiiiciles Learaacwuysh tac dite tba che oe Hua ih cl ani ie, yop obo V. praecox All. Corolla 10-18 mm across; style almost 2 times as long as capsule si- nus, 3-5 mm long; capsule sinus deep and narrow; capsule orbicular- cordate, somewhat inflated; chambers situated at acute angle; seeds oblong, smooth; lower floral leaves oblong, deeply dentate, short- petiolate;“upper linear, entire’. 2s a: 52. V. amoena Stev. . Leaves with 3—5 or 5—9 obtuse or subobtuse lobes, orbicular or ovate ATL" OUELETIE eee PFE SEATS a AO) SRA RA Rs 5 CON NRA) ep ree Py: Leaves without lobes, dentate, crenate or entire ................ 18. . Leaves with 3—5(7) lobes; calyx lobes deltoid-ovate, base cordate, apex acute, margin long ciliate; calyx exceeding corolla; capsule GSEADTOUS cans ete ere i Mon eae cert ae 58. V. hederifolia L. Leaves with 5—9(11) lobes; calyx lobes ovate or elliptical, obtuse, narrowed toward base, ciliate; calyx slightly shorter than corolla; Capsule NiSPId oo... ooo. os weteat ae: eee 59. V. cymbalaria Bod. Style up to 1.5(1.8) mm long, erect; flowers 6-7 mm across; capsule lobes forming right or acute angle; in latter case slightly divergent aero seal ates in ah mie AE A Cee coal seve aor ia ee RING. 19: Style 2-3 mm long, curved; flowers 7-11(15) mm across; capsule lobes forming obtuse angle, with deep sinus; calyx teeth lanceolate, dIVerzent “In init) Sar | Rc ee lem ie 56. V. persica Poir. Capsules conspicuously or obscurely veined, pubescent with simple, short and scattered glandular hairs; leaves orbicular-ovate ...... 20. Capsules obscurely veined, with only glandular spaced hairs; seeds 3-8 per locule; calyx teeth separate, not overlapping, oblong-ovate to lanceolate; leaves oblong-ovate ............... 53. V. agrestis L. Calyx lobes slightly overlapping, broadly ovate, acute, sparsely pubescent, very slightly exceeding capsule; corolla 5 mm long; capsule scarcely broader than long; style generally much exceeding capsule sinus; seeds 10-12 per locule ......... 54. V. didyma Ten. Calyx lobes lanceolate-spatulate, obtuse, much longer than capsule, densely hairy at base; corolla 34 mm long; capsule almost 2 times as broad as long; style scarcely exceeding sinus ...................... 4 tacees Reel cua tise clcaean ie lag aaa ch etal, 55. V. opaca Fries. (13). Cauline leaves 4, whorled at base of branched inflorescence; capsule with deep sinus; obcordate, with ovate-orbicular or orbicular, obtuse lobes, forming acute or obtuse angle; style not exceeding sinus. Plants slender, 5—7 cm tall ........ 47. V. tenuissima Boriss. Cauline leaves not whorled, opposite, sometimes alternate, usually more:than 4: in, nuMBe yas ae, sng) sapek ee dea seas o sioeers act 22. 335 22. 23. 24. 2: 26. Die 28. 297 Capsule lobes erect or slightly divergent at acute angle, not exceeding 45°; calyx lobes broadly ovate, united in pairs at base; seeds smooth or shabtlyqundulates jaswae yeh. enue icles ke teh My aula U3), Capsule lobes diverging at angle above 45°, directed sideways or almost horizontal; calyx lobes narrowly lanceolate or linear; seeds OXtESMIEIy EUBOSENRS Ceien Wh Cen ee Dy. Calyx lobesyandybractsventire woctin, Mee han) Oe ee 24. Calyx lobes and bracts generally dentate, sometimes only a few calyx lobesMOothed ny, Ae ARS 3 Oyu 37. V. bornmilleri Hauskn. Small plants, 1-7(10) cm tall, profusely branched at base, with divar- icate branches, usually reddish, hairy and glandular above; cauline leaves alternate, opposite at base and under inflorescence, ovate- thombic or oblong, entire, rarely lower leaves sparsely subdentate; pedicels often upcurved at right angle; calyx shorter than corolla, lobes obtuse or subobtuse ................. 40. V. rubrifolia Boiss. Small plants, 5-8 cm tall, branched above, rarely simple, pubescent; lower leaves ovate, others oblong, puberulent or glabrous, serrate along margin; pedicels erect ............. 41. V. albanica C. Koch. Calyx lobes acuminate, narrow, linear or lanceolate-linear or oblong- linear (in which case plant profusely branched from middle); capsule lobes parted almost as far as base; pedicels in fruit horizontally di- vergent or reflexed; seeds transversely rugose .................. 26. Calyx lobes ovate-oblong or ovate, acute; capsule lobes united up to 3/4 of its length; pedicels erect in fruit; seeds smooth or obscurely TUS OSC® ATG 2 ait orate ome a Cree ms eh a EeareNR, EAe YER a 31. Plants profusely branched from base, with densely flowered long racemes; pedicels long, 4—5 times as long as calyx, almost horizon- tally diverging; capsule lobes curved like a horseshoe at an acute angle, glabrous, sparsely hairy along margin; style exceeding calyx = Rt a Bia ih 8 chat decreed betel de ane de lanabis 43. V. ramosissima Boriss. Plants branched or with very few branches with erect stems and racemose inflorescences; capsule lobes not curved like a horseshoe Sele Ape acs. eG te ae A RRND ee SEL: saline ees muito te phat (1 Di: Capsule lobes lanceolate, horizontally divergent or nearly so; all leaves serrate-dentate; pedicels reflexed in fruit; corolla 8-10 mm across, exceeding calyx; style exceeding capsule lobes ............ Do Lice ee Re MBie Tai EIS IAS 7 ener aaa 44. V. bucharica B. Fedtsch. Capsule lobes obovate or orbicular, diverging at 45° or at right angle, butnot horizontally divereents* 5/5 28. Plants 1-1.5 cm tall, glandular-pubescent; capsule reniform, glandular-pubescent, with orbicular-ovate lobes; style 2/5-1/2 as long as sinus; leaves petiolate (Kugitang range) .................0.0005. 336 298 je), 30. 31. 32: 35: Plants 5—15(20) cm tall, puberulent or glabrous; capsule obovate or oblong-ovate, glabrous, hairy or glandular-pubescent, with orbicular or obovate lobes; style often exceeding sinus and capsule; if style shorter than sinus, then seeds deeply transverse-mgose, narrowed at one end, oblong-ovate; leaves petiolate or upper sessile......... 29. Corolla 2-3 mm across; calyx exceeding corolla; style half as long as sinus; capsule lobes obovate, diverging at 45° or slightly more; seeds deeply transverse-rugose, narrowed at one end, minute ..... Ag tias wae aaleete tvettrpuraeyel plesniedlemnre:. ake gates 42. V. campylopoda Boiss. Corolla 3.5-4 or 6-12 mm across; style exceeding capsule sinus, longs wise. SA RE, 30, AVN aed 58. Upper leaves sessile, lower petiolate or all leaves sessile; glabrous, 5=20' cm tall weak: plants; 1195055 vans accasecit soos een ee ihe . Lower leaves ovate, 3.5—4 cm long, 1.7-2.2 cm broad, somewhat sparsely serrate-dentate, with 1.5—2 cm long petioles; upper leaves oblong-obovate, with cuneate base, margin slightly serrate in upper part; plants 15-17 cm tall, perennials .... 119. V. bobrovii Nevski. Lower leaves ovate or elliptical, narrowed at base, almost petiolate, 10-15 mm long, 8-10 mm broad; upper leaves oblong-lanceolate, sessile, sometimes semiamplexicaul, entire or obscurely dentate; plants 5 —-10 cm tall, annuals ........... 118. V. montioides Boiss. Leaves with rounded or cuneate base, with about 0.5 mm long peti- oles; racemes 8—15-flowered, weak; capsule glandular, ovate, acute or acuminate (Iran, mountainous Turkmenia) ...................... irgveuth etessod f. Stee: sheparcabgense: 117. V. beccabungoides Bornm. Leaves with truncate base, with 0.5-1.5 cm long petioles; racemes many-flowered, dense; pedicels rigid; capsule glabrous, orbicular or OVALS sii siois oie's nicceie siya aus MORNE Ue MUIR reg EO ee ee een a ae) Corolla pale sky- blue with dark blue stripes; racemes lateral, dense, often long, many-flowered; leaves generally large, ovate or suborbic- ular to almost oblong-elliptical, broadest in middle, obtuse at apex, serrulate or crenate along margin, rarely subentire, narrowed into 5-7 mm long petiole at base; style 1.5—2 mm long ................ «si ERIE: ARO Anke SEE ER, SS AER 115. V. beccabunga L. Corolla sky-blue; flowers in lax, much branched racemes; leaves lanceolate to ovate-oblong and elliptical, broadest at base, obtuse or acute at apex, subentire or serrate, with truncate and subcordate base, short-petiolate; style 2-3 mm long (Kamchatka, Sakhalin) ........ BG seep Lhe adit eS Ua, 116. V. americana (Raf.) Schweinitz. (6). High-altitude branched semishrubs, 5-30 cm tall, stems woody atibasers. 442) ciniin: elms Be, PEC ERE oes oc een 61. +/-Perennial/mountainiherbs: \.i.). 2). ..... 3) Qe, EP 62. . Flowers light pink with dark stripes; pedicels glandular-pubescent (Carpathian mountains) ...................-- 125. V. fruticulosa L. Flowers deep blue with purple throat; pedicels not glandular-hairy. (Arctic Europe, Carpathian mountains) .... 126. V. fruticans Jacq. . Radical leaves in dense rosette and larger than cauline leaves; stems sparsely pubescent below, glandular above; capsule glandular- pubescent; ieee with\4; sometimes Syisepals. 205 10:9 2 See 28 Radical leaf rosette absent; lower cauline leaves astially smaller fe upper leaves; stems eglandular, crispate-hairy, uniformly pubescent 341 342 63. 64. 65. 66. 303 or with two opposite rows of hairs, or glabrous; sometimes pedicels and calyx glandular-hairy; calyx 5-lobed ....................... 63. Corolla greenish white; leaves g*. urous, smooth, obscurely dentate or entire; upper leaves alternate, oblong to oblong-lanceolate; lower leaves opposite, ovate to oblong-lanceolate; stem with scale leaves INWIOWED PALU fe err aye tne sel 132. V. tianschanica Lincz. Corolla dark blue, sky-blue, bluish violet, pink or bluish white, rarely white; leaves somewhat pubescent, sometimes glabrous, often oppo- site; stems usually without, rarely with scale leaves ............ 64. Stems, at least in lower part, with two opposite rows of hairs...... Stems uniformly pubescent, villous or glabrous. ............... 67. Bracts with long hairs, much exceeding calyx and corolla; inflores- cence in bud thereby appearing crested; corolla dark blue, 6-7 mm long, 1/2 united into tube, lobes unequal, acute; stamens shorter than corolla; style short, not exserted; capsule ovate, tapering upward, sub- acute; seeds ovate, angular, acute on one side subobtuse on other; style short, included (Pamiro-Alai) .. 135. V. fedtschenkoi Boriss. Bracts not exceeding calyx; inflorescence not crested in bud; corolla deep sky-blue, dark blue, lilac or whitish, with very short tube, limb almost regular with subobtuse, unequal lobes; sta- mens usually equaling corolla or slightly exserted; style exceed- ing corolla; capsule suborbicular or obovate, with shallow sinus; SEEGSOMDICHIAN-OVALEM ett ee ere tte cee ce tie ce cases ns ‘Pedicels much shorter than calyx, villous; calyx villous with long white hairs; calyx lobes lanceolate; corolla whitish or lilac, glabrous inside; capsule suborbicular with scarcely discernible sinus; stem without scale leaves (Dzh.-Tarbagatai) ................. LAR RR Noho MARES TERRE 131. V. serpylloides Rgl. Pedicels almost equaling calyx, shorter than bracts; calyx ciliate; lobes ovate-lanceolate; corolla deep sky-blue, dark blue or lilac, 6-7 mm long with hairy ring in throat; capsule obovate, glabrous, entire or with small sinus. (Soviet Central Asia, Western and Eastern SibeniasyKamechatka) gare (ye fhe. ae 129. V. densiflora Ldb. . Leaves glabrous, rarely with few white hairs or ciliate only along margin, entire or obscurely dentate; pedicels 1-2 mm long ..... 68. Leaves canescent, long villous or crispate-puberulent, later sub- glabrous or only upper surface glabrous or subglabrous, in latter case pedicels 4—6 mm long and in fruit 7-10 mm long; leaves serrate, denticulate or entire; sometimes leaves entire only in upper part and at base, but serrate-dentate in middle .................. 69. 343 304 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. Leaves not ciliate, sessile, opposite or in whorls of three, sometimes upper leaves alternate, oblong or oblong-ovate, lower leaves ovate, rounded at base, subacute or subobtuse; corolla dark blue, about 9 mm across; capsule oblong, without sinus at apex, puberulent; style long, curved; plants (12)20—35 cm tall (Pamiro-Alai) ........ a ea Lee rad Dee warts Uh rae es Mp 133. V. gorbunovii Gontsch. Leaves ciliate, short-petiolate; upper leaves alternate, others opposite, elliptical, ovate or oblong, obtuse and short-pointed with cuneate base; lower leaves scale-like; corolla sky-blue, bluish violet or white, 4—7 mm long; capsule obovate, shallowly emarginate at the apex, with very short style; plants 5—15(20) cm tall ... 123. V. alpina L. Lower cauline leaves scale-like; upper surface of leaves diffusely pilose, lower glabrous or diffusely crispate-hairy or both surfaces glabrous; pedicels 4-6 mm long, 7-10 mm in fruit ........... i. 20: Scale leaves absent; leaves canescent on both surfaces or long villous RNR RN AI NS ok ee ah et IM Wa dea ca de a Tbe Lower leaves orbicular or ovate, subentire, others oblong or ovate, with serrate-dentate margin; corolla bluish violet; capsule oblong- obovate, 5—6 mm long, shallowly emarginate (Sayans, Altai) ..... sraiulecota eiaighbaepalies o Uis ci entes 8 ase Aa ey chad 128. V. macrostemon Bge. Lower leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, sometimes suborbicular, sparsely denticulate; corolla sky-blue or dark blue; capsule about 4 mm long, subacute, with scanty white hairs. (Pamiro-Alai) ...... Bete CASS ARERR bios tiem ai Ake Lacie us ic, 130. V. macrostemonoides Zak. Plant 5—6(10) cm tall, densely caespitose; leaves canescent on both surfaces, ovate or orbicular, short-pointed, serrate or denticulate; pedicels 5-6 mm long, exceeding calyx; stamens equaling corolla or slightly exserted; capsule about 5 mm long, ovate, not emarginate, with long hairs and style equaling capsule 127. V. lutkeana Rupr. Plant 14-30 cm tall; leaves long hairy, short-petiolate, ovate-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, entire at apex and base, serrate-dentate in mid- dle; pedicels short, up to 2 mm in fruit; stamens 1/2 as long as corolla lobes; capsule 9-10 mm long, 2-3 times as long as calyx, oblong-ovate or oblong, with a small sinus, villous, with short style sie PARR DDAL ESO RE Ry aa CER, VETO 134. V. ciliata Fisch. (7). Stems uniformly leafy, with creeping, decumbent, rooting and ascending shoots; corolla deep blue, white or pale sky-blue with pink veins; leaves sessile, orbicular or oblong to lanceolate; flowers in short racemes). H0G...25. QOS ROY, ABE Cat. BER See 13: Stems without creeping and rooting shoots; leaves crowded at base of peduncles and in rosettes, or stems uniformly leafy .......... ie. 344 7: 74. 78. 79. 305 Leaves orbicular or ovate, obtuse; plants puberulent or glabrous; corolla white or pale sky-blue, 7-8 mm across, slightly exceeding calyx; capsule with rounded base ............. 9. V. serpyllifolia L. Leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate, acute; plants partly pubescent with multicellular or glandular hairs ................. 74. Corolla deep blue, 9-10 mm across; lower part of stem pubescent with long, glandular, often viscid hairs; capsule with cuneate base, glandular (Kamchatka, Komandorskie islands) .................... ee ee eee Eee 10. V. humifusa Dickson. Corolla pale bluish, 2 times as long as calyx; stem eglandular; raceme short, covered with multicellular hairs (Kamchatka) ............... PALIT OTN ARN ego eer ee oe 11. V. riederiana Gandoger. . Leaves in lower part of stem and in rosettes, reduced upward; capsule not acuminate, orbicular, ovate or cordate ...................... 76. Stems uniformly leafy; capsule somewhat acuminate, oval ..... 81. . Leaves deeply dentate or pinnately lobed; capsule oblong to cordate, SMrar Caer eee tee crepe ane event 8. V. schmidtiana Rgl. Leaves regularly denticulate or subentire; capsule orbicular .... 77. . Rootstock long, creeping; stem with numerous sterile shoots at base; leaves oblong-lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, serrate or dentate, dark green, acute; upper leaves sessile; pedicels in flowers and fruits arcuately curved away from axis; calyx lobes oblong-ovate; corolla deep sky-blue; capsule suborbicular, as broad as or broader than long, with 1 mm long sinus; seeds about 1 mm in diameter ....... BLUMEN MERA) MUA MCRL Ubu bere, anes 5. V. schistosa E. Busch. Rootstock shorter; stem with less developed, sterile shoots; leaves obovate to lanceolate, obtuse or subobtuse, light green, sometimes white-cartilaginous along margin, shallowly serrate-dentate in upper part or entire, all or only lower leaves narrowed into winged petiole; pedicels appressed to inflorescence axis; raceme pyramidal; calyx lobes oblong; corolla light sky-blue; capsule orbicular-ovate, with 13 MM LONSSIRUS i. soccvard concn. 2-1). partes alle aay. MRS 78. Leaves bluish-gray, somewhat thick, coriaceous, glabrous, entire or scarcely crenate, crowded at base of stems; cauline leaves extremely reduced; plants glabrous, glandular in upper part ............... TE» Leaves green, thin, glabrous or diffusely pubescent, usually dentate Sie ceed scien: oil aaas altonea scene a. oergal te aarrteacens SO; Leaves broadly ovate or orbicular, crenate along margin, sessile or with broad and short petiole; calyx 1/3 as long as corolla, with broadly ovate lobes; corolla pale sky-blue; capsule suborbicular; plants; 4—8 Cin fall icc cise wey esol treet 2. V. imeretica Kem.-Nath. Leaves lanceolate, narrowed into petiole, entire; calyx 1/2 as long as corolla, with elongated lobes; corolla deep sky-blue, dark bluish or 306 80. 81. 84. 85. lilac; capsule obovate; plants 30—80(100) cm tall .................. arosiaibye uibtuer usta epaehepentenaielnabn' MLE anal base ik 1. V. gentianoides Vahl. Plants 45-60 cm tall; lower leaves large, elongated, obovate; cauline leaves regularly spaced, large; inflorescence narrow and long raceme; flowers on long, up curved pedicels; capsule lanate, distinctly retic- ulate, broadly ovate, narrowed at apex and weakly emarginate .... beards ONO Satharie ie vat, Ltt A 4. V. charadzeae Kem.-Nath. Plants up to 10 cm tall, subglabrous; leaves crowded at stem base; inflorescence broad pyramidal raceme; flowers on hooked pedicels; capsule glandular or pubescent ......... 3. V. kamulariae Kuthath. Capsule scarcely emarginate, villous at apex; style slightly shorter than capsule; seeds about 1.5 mm long, ovate, obtuse (Far East, Kearmrehiatthea)) ity sstaaraetcts «cise tra ticlere set ottsaet aera eee 7. V. stelleri Pall. Capsule oblong-ovate, narrowed at apex, obtuse, not emarginate, pubescent and diffusely glandular; style 1.5 times as long as cap- sule; seeds 0.5-5.75 mm long, ovate or oblong, concave, slightly curved; scale leaves present at base of stems (Caucasus) .......... Baek acstS abe Sasea Seu ea a gta ah A 6. V. monticola Trautv. . (7). Leaves alternate, rarely a few opposite .................... 83. Leaves, opposite or whorled),,...(. o0rt sagt -ateepeeeeeeeneee 87. . Flowers sessile, subsessile or on pedicels 1/3—1/2 as long as calyx; leaves linear-lanceolate or oblong, pinnatipartite, but not up to midrib, into oblong or lanceolate subobtuse lobes; inflorescence spi- cate, dense, compact; plants glandular-pubescent (Altai mountains) i rcrrtepord yo at bite « nclbgskean dle. lial: Nn. peta gk 32. V. sessiliflora Bge. Pedicels equaling calyx or longer; leaves linear or lanceolate-linear to oblong, denticulate, with narrow, large, unequal teeth or entire or all or almost all leaves parted into linear or filiform, sometimes lanceolate, discrete lobes; plants glabrous or canescent.......... 84. Leaves deeply pinnatisect with somewhat long, linear, sometimes lanceolate, discrete lobes, 0.5—2 mm broad, often glabrous and some- what thick; corolla sky-blue; stamens scarcely exserted ........... LITLE eC SMUEINUS SD SURE, MND ARTA REY RUIN Te 33. V. pinnata L. Leaves entire, linear or lanceolate, denticulate, coarsely dentate, sometimes lower leaves, or upper leaves, with large, unequal lobes sometimes all leaves entire; corolla deep blue; stamens long exserted SEE De AL A ORL ALE EE Ll lami ab ec Re ex ie 85. Leaves denticulate or serrate, linear or linear-lanceolate (Transbaikal Region, Soviet Far East) .................. 29. V. linariifolia Pall. Leaves unequally large-toothed or only upper leaves entire, or all leaves entire, linear to oblong-lanceolate, curved; axillary shoots often present, consisting of leaf clusters ....................002- 86. 346 87. 88. 89. 90. Yile 307 Plants subglabrous or covered with short curved hairs; leaves linear to oblong-linear, acuminate, with narrow, unequal, large teeth along margin, or upper leaves, and sometimes even all leaves, entire and linear; calyx 1.3 mm long, lobes acuminate, lanceolate or ovate- oblong, with glandular-ciliate margin (Soviet Central Asia) ....... Shan dena eka eda eka Aa iaeae aes bem an Lat 30. V. laeta Kar. and Kir. Plants densely canescent; upper leaves linear or lanceolate to ob- long, broadened above, with subacute apex, often entire, sometimes sparsely denticulate, somewhat thick; calyx 1-1.5 mm long, densely pubescent; lobes ovate or oblong-ovate, acute (Zaisan Lake) ...... Ce ee re ee Mo ens erent ae 31. V. arenosa (Serg.) Boriss. Flowers sessile; pedicels of lower flowers 1-2 mm long; bracts ex- ceeding pedicels; leaves crenulate or obscurely crenate, opposite, densely pubescent or glabrous; racemes generally solitary; plants TS Ovenetallprree. Mee eens setae rec seein nna lata te ote treete er elcita s 88. Pedicels exceeding 2 mm; bracts shorter than pedicels; leaves often sharply serrate or subdentate, opposite, sometimes whorled, sparsely pubescent or glabrous; racemes several together; plants 40-150 cm (ill) Mn cgetabs Wile eet er lin keel Ay Alcak eas! Maat nla e le hag at 95. Plant somewhat densely canescent or greenish, with somewhat rigid patent hairs, sometimes intermixed with glandular hairs or sub- glabrous or crispate-puberulent ....................- sees seen eee 89. Plant densely white-tomentose, with long, tangled appressed hairs, glandular hairs absent; sometimes upper surface of leaves sub- FLO) COLTS adsense eae ie is cals Micheal yall alii PRE bee 93. Flowers white, dry flowers yellow; shoots with leaf clusters arising in leaf axils; calyx teeth linear, elongated; capsule pubescent at apex (Hien Shan) reese eee eee es. 28. V. alatavica M. Pop. Flowers dark blue or pale sky-blue, rarely white or pink ....... 90. Plant green and densely glandular-pubescent throughout, viscid; leaves broadly elliptical, cauline leaves sessile, semiamplexicaul; inflorescence spicate, dense, obtuse at apex or short-pointed (Altai, Tarbagatai, Tien Shan) ................... 25. V. porphyriana Pavl. Plant grayish green, pubescent with spaced simple hairs intermixed with glandular hairs on bracts, pedicels and calyces, or glandular hairs absent; leaves oblong to lanceolate, petiolate; inflorescence an elongated raceme, compact or somewhat lax, tapering upward, DLO FTE E16 ye sua tobias ue bea ee ered Aes eden ad cicahda aca a nicest a 91. Plants pubescent above with glandular and soft simple hairs; leaves subdentate, upper surface shining, lower glabrous; corolla twisted at base, pale sky-blue, blackening on drying, with linear, acuminate, converging lobes; stamens shorter than corolla; capsule glandular . ee aac U MCU aN ROL MY LSet aed teas 2 Ota a ibys ater g 27. V. orchidea Crantz. 347 308 oF: 94. 95. Plant canescent with simple hairs, sometimes glabrous below; leaves canescent or greenish, serrate-dentate along margin; corolla not twisted at base, dark blue, sometimes pink or white, with lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate lobes; stamens equaling corolla or longer; cap- sule-pubescenti on elabrous ince soni cialis toe ee ee aw ora OF: Corolla dark blue, with oblong-lanceolate subobtuse lobes; stamens exceeding corolla; capsule glabrous; calyx with long patent hairs; plants pubescent above with long simple hairs .................... eT AO CR Gee ame Teer Cette eee Oe e .. 26. V. barrelieri Schult. Corolla bright sky-blue, dark blue, pink or white, with lanceolate acute lobes; stamens almost equaling corolla; capsule pubescent, slightly shorter than calyx; calyx puberulent; plants patently puberu- lentverayash On STECIy 2 apse sa genunc Sees: Stee 24. V. spicata L. . Plants (10)20-45(60) cm tall; inflorescence 3—-10(30) cm long, M5) ci broad ic ohssetorcce wu alc doe seer 21. V. incana L. Plants 10-15(30) cm tall; inflorescence 2-6 cm long, about 1 cm broad, or inflorescence 3-10 cm long, 1—3.2 cm broad; leaves pre- dominantly ovate to oblong, large, crowded at base or predominantly hnear.and' linear-lanceolate see to wae ee coe cee eee 94. Leaves 1.5—6 cm long, 8-20 mm broad, ovate to oblong, subobtuse at apex; inflorescence a compact terminal raceme 3-10 cm long, 1.3—2 cm broad; corolla up to 9 mm across, tube 2-3 mm broad, lobes subacute (Crimea) ..................... 23. V. hololeuca Suz. Leaves 1—2 cm long, 3—5 mm broad, linear or linear-lanceolate, lower leaves spatulate-oblong; inflorescence dense or somewhat lax raceme 2-6 cm long and about 1 cm broad; corolla 3-4 mm across, lobes subobtuse (Siberia, mainly in Transbaikal Region) ................ Pea POLO Es 4 eA te ce bog 22. V. bellidifolia Juz. Leaves with orbicular or cordate base, base sometimes cuneate, in whith case leaves narrow, lanceolate-linear, with large, often sharp teeth or doubly dentate, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate and usually glabrous or glandular-pubescent; inflorescences often solitary, termi- nal, sometimes with lateral racemes as well; bracts much exceed- ing pedicels; gradually tapering; capsule often shorter than calyx or slightly longer, in which case leaves glandular-pubescent, or if cap- sule much longer than calyx, then leaves subsessile, with cordate DASE fe. Nr! Sea MUR A SheCtNih Marty Wiese: ahmed eos Uns ae Alea oF. Leaves narrowed at both ends, with cuneate base, lanceolate, sharply doubly serrate, entire in upper part, short-petiolate; inflorescence often consisting of numerous terminal and lateral, dense, tapering racemes; capsule exceeding calyx; bracts linear; exceeding or equal- ing pedicels; plants generally pubescent ........................ 96. 348 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. 309 Capsule 3-4 mm long, 2-3 mm broad, obcordate, 1.5 times as long as calyx; calyx lobes oblong-ovate or lanceolate; inflorescence panicu- late, racemes numerous, crowded at apex, elongated, tapering; leaves 3-4 together or opposite, 3-8 cm long, 1-3 cm broad, slightly gray- ish due torpuberulence: hs. ee Seeatan aah outs 19. V. spuria L. Capsule 5-7 mm long, obcordate, 2-3 times as long as calyx; calyx lobes triangular-lanceolate, ciliate; inflorescence pubescent spicate raceme; leaves opposite, large, 6-14 cm long, 1.5 -3.5 cm broad, erect, slightly appressed to stem, with lower surface puberulent along veins; upper surface glabrous ...... 20. V. komarovii Monjuschko. Calyx lobes linear, 5-6 mm long, equaling or slightly shorter than corolla, densely covered with long hairs, along with bracts, pedicels and capsule; corolla pale blue, with linear-cuneate lobes tapering upward, densely long-villous in throat; leaves opposite or three in whorl, sessile, sparsely hairy and glandular on both surfaces; stems with scale leaves at base (Altai, Sayans) 18. V. sajanensis Printz. Calyx lobes much shorter than corolla, glabrous or ciliate along mar- gin or glandular-pubescent, but not hairy; corolla dark blue, white or pink, lobes orbicular to oblong-lanceolate, glabrous or puberulent in throat; leaves often opposite or 3-4 together with 3-5 mm long and even up to 10 mm long petioles, sometimes a few leaves sessile; stems without scale leaves at base ................ cece ence eens 98. Leaves sessile or with 3-5 mm long petioles, almost horizontally spreading or reflexed, pubescent on both surfaces or pubescent only along veins or glabrous; calyx with narrowly linear, almost filiform lobes, exceeding capsule; corolla lobes notched at apex; capsule, glabrous, orbicular (Sakhalin) .. 16. V. subsessilis (Miq.) Carriére. Petioles about 1 cm long or if petioles 3-5 mm long, then capsule ovate, 4-5 mm long, about 3 mm broad; calyx about 1.5 mm long, lobes ovate, obtuse; leaves not reflexed, glabrous or pubescent mainly along veins or densely glandular-puberulent ................-... 99. Leaves subsessile or with broad 3-5 mm long, petioles, ovate, oblong or oblong-lanceolate; inflorescence broad, dense and short raceme, up to 2 cm broad, 1-10 cm long; capsule 4-5 mm long, 3 mm broad; calyx about 1.5 mm long ............ 13. V. septentrionalis Boriss. Petiole up to 1 cm long; inflorescence long, sometimes up to 25 cm long, dense raceme; capsule 2—3(4) mm long, orbicular, obcordate or orbicular-ovate, glabrous or sparsely pubescent ............. 100. Corolla white or pink, sometimes deep blue, in which case leaves clandular-pubescembrs: Som. bene. e ees lO Ween melons soretvan © « 101. Corolla dark blue or bluish violate; leaves glabrous or sparsely pubemlents 7 Ueaten ook see. Venn, Wass. agus ied Re aan Gea atte. 102. 349 350 310 101 + 102 103. 104. Corolla white or pink, sometimes deep blue, about 7 mm. long, lobes obtuse ovate; bracts narrowly linear; leaves densely glandular- puberulent or sparsely hairy, somewhat deeply, coarsely and un- equally dentate, with broad teeth ........... 17. V. dahurica Stev. Corolla white or pink, about 5 mm long, lobes oblong-lanceolate; bracts leaf-like, lanceolate, serrate, similar to cauline leaves; upper bracts entire, subobtuse; lower leaf surface villous, mainly along veins, upper surface sparsely hairy, sharply serrulate .............. ahi aR Alito dan rc iM Sn tie AM Ain alata 15. V. olgensis Kom. Leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate with subcordate or truncate base to lanceolate-linear with cuneate base (var. maritima), glabrous or sparsely pubescent on lower surface along veins; stems glabrous or puberulent, 40-120 cm tall; calyx lobes lanceolate or oblong, ciliate Se. Mee Lee ae, ee ae eee eee Te Lae 12. V. longifolia L. Leaves triangular, oblong-ovate, or oblong-lanceolate, with rounded or cordate base, glabrous; stems patently pubescent above, 20-30 cm tall; calyx lobes linear, at least 1/3 as long as corolla (Carpathian MOUNTAINS) eee. Pe ee ee 14. V. bachofenii Heuff. (4). Leaves entire, 15-22 mm long, 4-7 mm broad, coriaceous, sessile, almost recurved along margin, cuneate, densely pubescent? stems woody, hard at base, densely leafy; capsule oblong-ovate, vil- FOUSHY RED AA SUSE ND AEN Shere Ceeree e teen 91. V. galathica Boiss. Leaves not coriaceous, usually dentate, entire, dissected or lobed Calyx 5-partite, unequally lobed, fifth lobe often much smaller; racemes mainly opposite, many-flowered .................. vgs LODE Calyx 4-partite, sometimes with scarcely discernible fifth lobe, in which case plants caespitose, often spreading, with rooting shoots; racemes mainly solitary, many-flowered or lax and few-flowered . Sale ic ish hs ta cata iy el ale ed 2c a 110. . Leaves 1—2-pinnatisect to pinnatipartite ....................... 109. eaves entire, dentate; or serrate Y.s.0- ss. st- eee 106. Leaves cordate to rounded or broadly and short-cuneate at base ... Spee Maca ar cea ee isi A aba As yaa apm aio 107. Leaves with somewhat cuneate base ...................ee000es 108. .-Leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, 3-5.5 cm long, 1.5-2.5 cm broad, cordate at base, subamplexicaul, sessile or short-petiolate; plants 30-70(100) cm tall, somewhat crispate-hairy (European USSR; Cau- CAaSUS))! OPTI T ts GONE Rete eee ahmed ern Ta: 74. V. teucrium L. Leaves oblong-ovate to lanceolate and linear-lanceolate, 1.5 4 cm long, 0.3-2 cm broad, sessile, rounded or broadly cuneate at base; plants (10)20-45(50) cm tall, puberulent. (Western Siberia, Soviet @entralAsia) 22 200e Wa enue are 76. V. krylovii Schischk. 351 108. 109. 110. 111. 112. 118) 311 Sterile shoots numerous, partially ascending or decumbent, fer- tile shoots erect or ascending; lower leaves narrowly ovate, up- per oblong-lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, crenate; stems numer- ous, 5-30 cm tall; corolla 6-8 mm across, bluish lilac or pale sky-blue; capsule broadly obovate, shallowly emarginate .......... 3 7 Shs OS AOL, SE EN Se cee awe... AR eeeI Ae 77. V. prostrata L. All stems erect, leaves oblong to lanceolate-linear, serrate or dentate; upper leaves sometimes entire; stems solitary or few, 30-80 cm tall; corolla 10-13 mm across, bright blue; capsule somewhat notched, oObovate-cordates. secre in, aie 75. V. dentata Schmidt. Lobes of leaves linear or linear-lanceolate; flowers in many-flowered lateral racemes, 24 in leaf axils, on erect pedicels; capsule broadly obovate with rounded base; style shorter than corolla ........... vas tatosturs taster erika Dive smeeiy La 78. V. austriaca L. Lobes of leaves narrowly linear or almost filiform; flowers in long many-flowered inflorescences; capsule obovate with cuneate base; (103). Racemes lateral, solitary or alternate, few-flowered, lax, long; capsule large, reniform, broader than long, often exceeding calyx, equaling it or, rarely, slightly shorter; stem weak, short, often de- Cumbentsandyrootingeasdisher ys cians RS 111. Racemes many-flowered, dense or somewhat lax or few-flowered, corymbose at anthesis; capsule orbicular or obovate, as long as or longer than broad, shorter than calyx ...................2.0005- 113. Leaves sessile or subsessile, linear-lanceolate, denticulate, retroser- ratestowardebaseacia yr (2088 RO ihe ht Sh es es Petioles 1-2 cm long; leaves ovate, rarely orbicular; capsule subor- bicular or elliptical; calyx lobes 1/2—2/3 as long as capsule ....... ireisiesit. so. grclda. cUsue.. ST nies Mt Ease 97. V. montana L. Corolla 2.5—-5 mm across; lobes orbicular or ovate; stamens almost equaling corolla; racemes 7—8(10)-flowered; leaves 2—5 cm long, 3-7 mm broad, sessile, with denticulate margin ................... Corolla about 1 mm long, 3 ovate-orbicular and 1 oblong; corolla lobes stamens shorter than corolla; racemes 1—3-flowered; leaves 5-10 mm long, 2—2.5 mm broad, short-petiolate, with teeth visible only under magnifying lens ........... 96. V. callitrichoides Kom. (110). Plants 3—10(15) cm tall, primarily of alpine and subalpine zones, caespitose, often woody at base, decumbent or creeping Taller herbs, (10)15—35(90) cm tall, erect or partially ascending, sometimes woody at base and rooting......................0005 114. 312 114. WIG, 118. 119. 120. W220 Pedicels erect, shorter than calyx, rarely very slightly longer; leaves orbicular, ovate or elliptical, denticulate or serrate-dentate, some- times subentire, rounded at base; pedicels slender and- long; calyx shorter than capsule; corolla almost 2 times as long as calyx; seeds planoconvex, hilum not discernible; plants pubescent ............. eet ER ee RE ee a re any cheery ee 90. V. officinalis L. Pedicels often diverging, exceeding calyx or shorter, in which case plane features}ditferenta. 209936 5G 9. ens. sath eee 115. . Calyx 2 times as long as fruiting pedicel or about 2/3 as long .... dey. gnome ty, MON oo piscine s aisles den crag tet a oe 2 Me Re ee 116. Calyx 1/5-1/2 as long as fruiting pedicel ..................... Pio: . All leaves rather long petiolate, ovate; capsule orbicular, glabrous; plants blackening on drying ............ 73. V. nigricans C. Koch. Leaves sessile or partly upper and lower leaves short-petiolate; cap- sule generally pubescent with simple or glandular hairs, obovate- cordate» withycuneaterbasemsnd.. (RRA is Hee eae erent JOY. Stems glabrous or diffusely pubescent, slender, sometimes reddish, 10-40 cm tall; upper leaves lanceolate, shallowly serrate or entire; seeds jlarse42—s)perilocule!s as Veen ao seee 72. V. umbrosa M.B. Stems pubescent with two rows of hairs, 10—45(50) cm tall, or hairy all around with patent crispate hairs, in which case 50-90 cm tall; leaves ovate or orbicular-ovate to oblong-ovate; seeds numerous Stem pubescent all over; racemes generally long, many-flowered, in many leaf axils in upper part; seeds rugose, trigonus, biconvex (Gaucasis) jee. 21208 BLS ORh. cosa 71. V. melissifolia Desf. Stem pubescent with two rows of hairs; racemes short, few-flowered, in axils of 2-4-pairs of upper leaves; seeds smooth, ovate, flat .... a abyearagy. ous tenis) oe SAM EE PEM GON BY Sido 70. V. chamaedrys L. Leaves pinnatisect or pinnatipartite, with oblong or linear-cuneate lobes, ovate or oblong in outline; lower leaves pinnately lobed; calyx exceeding capsule, with broadly lanceolate or oblong lobes; corolla white, with lilac-colored stripes ........... 80. V. caucasica M.B. Leaves entire, ovate or oblong, dentate or serrate-dentate; calyx shorterthan! orequalineicapsule>... 263. 2082.5. SE RR 120. Seeds flat; stems (10)30—70 cm tall; calyx teeth lanceolate, subob- tuse, glandular-ciliate; corolla pale pink or pale sky-blue or deep sky-blue, with dark stripes, sometimes reddish; stamens exceeding corollayon shicltlypshortemmerre.ceet eee aoe 98. V. maxima Mill. Seeds scaphoid, concave; stems 14—30 cm tall; calyx with oblong acute teeth; corolla white; stamens shorter than corolla ............ sereg: obigehiaaee. ote. Sowarne. DUBS Orie), Oe 103. V. peduncularis M.B. Seeds scaphoid, concave @GLeket BGS. See t8. Utne a. vaeanees W222, 353 122. 123. 126. 313 Sécdspilationbiconvexdet3Qi. BOO eB BS SRS Ie Leaves 1—2-pinnatisect; lobes about 1 mm broad; calyx 5-partite, with 5 small, often caducous lobes; capsules equaling or almost 2 timessassiongias, calyxoeht. 2898. WB 2 109. V. armena Boiss. Leaves entire or pinnatisect into 5-7 obtuse, oblong or ovate lobes is Ne orO Ms ER. parses qupelo tinea a cdg neh oie og I. 123: Leaves petiolate, orbicular or obovate; orbicular leaves with cuneate entire base, others cristate-crenate, sometimes almost doubly dentate ATLGMT TAC TSS AR oie iat ANA aretha oncwrs at onctan at onataholeode 108. V. microcarpa Boiss. Leaves sessile or subsessile, suborbicular to oblong and lanceolate, shallowly dentate or entire, sometimes margin reflexed or leaves pinnatisect into 5-7 lobes, with 3-5 mm long petioles ........ 124. Ae seavie svenitiitte SORA LON RL BEET OTR SE SEL FL 125. Leaves pinnatisect into 5—7 lobes, ovate in outline, 7 -10 mm long, with 3-5 mm long petioles ............... 107. V. oltensis Woron. . Plants light green; leaves broadly ovate or suborbicular, narrowed into short petiole, with rounded, cordate or short-cuneate base, upper surface rugose, lower with long crispate hairs, prominent veins and reflexed margin, sparsely dentate or entire; calyx lobes broadly ovate, densely villous; capsule glabrous .... 104. V. petraea (M.B.) Stev. Plants generally dark green or grayish green due to pubescence; leaves oblong to linear lanceolate, with cuneate base, glabrous or sparsely hairy, sparsely shallowly dentate along margin or entire; calyx lobes oblong, densely glandular-hairy ................... 126. Plants green, puberulent; leaves oblong-lanceolate to linear- lanceolate, subobtuse, with reflexed margin; calyx lobes acute, bracts slandularhait yor. ee, eee 106. V. baranetzkii Bordz. Plants grayish green, densely villous; leaves oblong to elliptical and lanceolate, subacute or subobtuse, densely glandular pubescent .. SRG NR: URI ER, MR AEE IRL, BME 105. V. propinqua Boriss. . Leaves entire or dentate, sometimes lower, leaves deeply pinnatifid- dentatennacans 230s) BORE. OF, DUR AOR BONG. 1 DROME, KEIR H, lie Leaves pinnatipartite, pinnatisect or palmatipartite ............ 128. . Leaves pinnatipartite or pinnatisect; corolla dark blue, sky-blue, red- dishxomwhitemaiy2. 12 PAFO, MEO Ah RIN: MAY i RET, 129. Leaves palmately lobed, with 3--4—5 ovate lobes, orbicular-ovate in outline; corolla red; leaves often reflexed along margin ....... 130. . Pedicels 3-10 mm long, 1.5—2 times as long as calyces and bracts o83.iee oldiaiy. Vlaceeoe O1PW. 20, 930A EDDM, 85. V. multifida L. Pedicels spaced, diverging at right angles, 10-20 mm long, 2-3 times asélonigeas) aly cestt Seva ROS. 86. V. filifolia Lipsky. . Leaves with 3-5 oblong-rhombic or obovate lobes; petioles 1-5 mm long, glabrous or subglabrous; racemes lax, few-flowered, lateral and 354 314 13ile 132. 133. 134. 137. terminal; bracts ovate-rhombic, short-petiolate; capsule base cuneate hahunalae a berstly cee etna! 87. V. czerniakowskiana Monjuschko. Leaves with three linear or lanceolate-linear lobes, with short winged petiole, bluish gray due to dense setaceous pubescence; racemes many-flowered, dense, lateral; bracts oblong, sessile; capsule base POUNCED, yes iste eee eee 88. V. tripartita Boriss. Stems with 2 opposite hairy rows; racemes lax, few-flowered, on long glabrous peduncles, 3-4 times as long as sterile shoots; calyx lobesytlabrousid LAN ca. S Me Oe. 102. V. glabrifolia Boriss. Stems uniformly pubescent or glabrous; racemes on rather short pe- duncles; calyx lobes glabrous or pubescent .................... 132. Leaves orbicular or ovate, entire or sparsely denticulate. Small high- altitude and arctic plants with partially ascending, densely leafy, short stems, sometimes with leaves crowded in radical rosettes; inflores- cence almost corymbose ..... S02 dunia pert Lead ee pene: 133. Leaves orbicular-spatulate, obovate, oblong to linear, entire or lower leaves deeply pinnatisect-dentate .................-.. ee eee eee 135. Pedicels equaling or 2-3 times as long as calyx lobes; leaves crowded inv laxiradicalsroseties wnies.ws. ciate vlogs HRM 134. Pedicels 3—5 times as long as calyx lobes; stems uniformly leafy or leafy only in upper part of plant (Carpathian mountains) .......... Aeelaeles eeihst oghene cn kbp 93. V. baumgartenii Roem. and Schult. Capsules 9-11 mm long, 7-8 mm broad, oval; style almost equaling capsule; flowers 4—8 in racemes; corolla 8—10 mm long; calyx lobes villous (Kamchatka)............ ot. sonal 94. V. grandiflora Gaertn. Capsules 4-6 mm long, obovate-cordate, patently glandular- pubescent; style 1/4—1/2 of capsule; flowers 1—5 in racemes; corolla 6-8 mm as long as long (Carpathian mountains) .................. ‘eenaadsecrelsbanta. wheal .saesthoclys oc. ore 92. V. aphylla L. . (132). Leaves small, orbicular, obovate or spatulate or triangular- ovate, with few teeth, entire or crenate ...................0000. 136. Leaves linear or oblong-ovate to linear, entire or sometimes lower leaves incise-dentate, entire or dentate ...................-0005- 138. . Leaves deltoid-ovate or oblong-ovate, broadest at truncate or rounded base, margin crenate and often reflexed or subentire; racemes few- flowered, lax, glandular-pubescent; calyx lobes oblong ............ id's ot ae een Helmetiies. 2 100. V. kopetdaghensis B. Fedtsch. Leaves orbicular, broadly obovate, spatulate to oblong, broadest in upper part or in middle, entire or with scarcely visible teeth; racemes eglandular; calyx lobes obovate to lanceolate (Caucasus) ...... 137. Stem with scale leaves in lower part; leaves thin, not fleshy, obovate, spatulate or orbicular, entire or with scarcely visible teeth; flowers 355 138. 139° 140. 141. on short peduncles; calyx lobes white-hairy along margin ......... ea COR OLE cu: nee eae a Cer ta 99. V. minuta C.A.M. Stems without scale leaves; leaves rather thick, fleshy, oblong or ovate, entire or with 2—5 teeth; flowers on long peduncles; calyx lobes glabrous or subglabrous .......... 101. V. telephiifolia Vahl. Corolla red; plant grayish velutinous, glandular in upper part, cae- spitose, 6-12 cm tall, with linear sessile leaves; calyx 4-partite, glandular-setaceous; capsule orbicular, glandular-pubescent; seeds oblong (Kopet-Dag) .............-- 89. V. khorossanica Czernjak. Corolla dark blue, sky-blue, pink, sometimes reddish; plants crispate puberulent, sometimes glabrous or glandular in inflo- rescence, 5-30 cm tall; leaves oblong-ovate to linear-lanceolate, entire or incise-dentate, short-petiolate or sessile; calyx with 4-5 unequal lobes, glabrous or ciliate along margin, rarely villous, with inter- mixed glandular hairs; capsule glabrous or glandular-pubescent, . obcordate or reniform; seeds ovate (Caucasus, Crimea) ....... 139. Calyx lobes oblong-elliptical; fertile shoots densely leafy; old shoots leafless, due to early shedding leaves; year-old shoots elongated; leaves oblong-lanceolate, 10-14 mm long, 2~4 mm broad ......... . Riis ylltigite Daleubeds yoke ae 84. V. denudata Alboff. Calyx lobes linear-lanceolate; all shoots leafy; leaves linear or linear- janceolate, lower leaves oblong, or 5-7 mm long, 2—3(5) mm broad, often oblong-ovate, sometimes upper leaves linear-lanceolate ..... Leaves 5-7 mm long, 2-3(5) mm broad, often oblong-ovate, some- times upper leaves linear-lanceolate, often with reflexed margin; pedicels 5-8 mm long; calyx 4-lobed; corolla deep blues). tae8 MG i hi lige ARS ois ors diet cep eRe. Messe 2a 83. V. kurdica Benth. Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, lower leaves sometimes oblong; calyx 4—5-lobed; corolla often light sky-blue to dark blue, pinkish or TEOCISH, Ns ee le Se a dS ee. Sel eee 141. Corolla pinkish, reddish or pale sky-blue; leaves generally linear or linear-lanceolate, lower leaves sometimes oblong; flowers in short, lax racemes, unilateral in fruit (Caucasus) ..........-..--+++eeeeeee Corolla bright sky-blue to dark blue; leaves lanceolate, lower leaves oblong or lanceolate; racemes many-flowered ..........--+-++-+-+- Subgenus 1. VERONICELLA (Foutr.) Boriss. comb. nov.—Genus Veronicella Fourr. in Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, NS. XVII (1869) 128 (emend.).—Calyx 4- to 5-partite. Corolla with very short tube, rotate, sometimes with slightly recurved lobes, often with hairy ring in throat, 356 357 316 deep blue, sky-blue, white, pink, rarely yellow, sometimes red or reddish. Capsule compressed or slightly so, often with highly coalescent valves. Seeds flat, biconvex, or scaphoid. Perennials, rarely annuals growing in moist soils, sometimes forming turf. Section 1. Euveronica Griseb. Spicil. fl. Rumel. II (1844) 27.—Section Veronicastrum Benth. in DC. Prodr. X (1846) 479, p.p. non Gen. Veron- icastrum Heist. ex Fabr. (1759); Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 1, 246; Pflanzenfam. IV, 3b, 85; Wulff in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, XV, 78—Veronicastra semi- nibus planis Koch, Syn. fl. Germ. ed. II (1838) 529.—Racemes terminal, short or elongated, compact or interrupted; flowers distinctly pedicellate. Lower bracts almost similar to leaves. Calyx 4-partite. Corolla with very short, scarcely discernible tube, rotate. Capsule strongly compressed lat- erally, often emarginate, with valves highly coalescent, later separating. Seeds compressed, flat or biconvex, not scaphoid. Leaves opposite, upper sometimes alternate. Perennial herbs, occasionally woody at base. Series 1. Gentianoides Boriss.—Leaves crowded in lower part of stem and in rosettes, cauline leaves rather thick, coriaceous, entire or shallow dentate, serrate or obscurely crenate; lower leaves opposite and petiolate, upper alternate and sessile. Inflorescence lax, glandular-pubescent raceme. Pedicels in fruit erect. Capsule orbicular-ovate, slightly emarginate, gener- ally glandular-pubescent or subglabrous. Rootstock long, oblique or hori- zontal. Several species described from the Caucasus (V. imeretica, V. charadzeae, V. kemulariae) and the Crimea (V. ivoides) apparently are related to the single species V. gentianoides. These species are distinguished by their leaf form, pubescence, num- ber of teeth on the leaf margin and plant size. It is very difficult to separate them, since there is a series of transitional forms, often growing together. We are maintaining the species described from the Caucasus, pending the collection of material. Material is available in the Crimea, which may help in assessing the polymorphic character of V. gentianoides Vahl. 1. V. gentianoides Vahl, Symb. bot. I (1790) 1; M.B. FI. taur. cauc. I, 9 p.p.; II, Suppl. 10; C. Koch, Monogr. Veron. 26; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 247; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 481; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 451, p.p.; Pflanzenfam. IV, 3b, 85 p.p.; Schmalh. Fl. II. 279; Vul’f. in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, XV, 78; Rompp in Fedde, Repert. Beih. L, 23. p.p.; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 393, p.p.; Stroh in Beith. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 385——V. buxbaumiana Pall. Plate Phys.-top. Taur. (1795) 44; in Nova Acta X (1797) 303.—V. pallida Hornem. Hort. Hafn. (1813) 17.—V. pontica Bornm. ex Rompp, |.c.; Stroh. l.c. [non V. pontica (Rupr.) Wettst.]—V. ivaefolia Pall. ex Juz. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, XIII (1950) 281.—V. ivoides Juz. l.c.—V. gentianoides var. latifolia Boiss. |.c. 452. V. gent. var. pycnophylla 358 Sl” Bordz. in Byull. Kiev. bot. sada V—-VI (1927) 139.—V. pycnophylla Bordz. ex Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III (1932) 393.—Ic.: Syreistsch. Ill. fl. Mosk. gub. III, 150; Tr. Bot. muz. Akad. Nauk SSSR, XXIV, fig. 1; Vestn. Tifl. bot. sada, 28, fig. 4; Juel in Acta Horti Berg. 1, 5 (1891) tab. I, f. 3; tab Il, f. 31.—Exs.: Fl. Cauc. exs. No. 245; GRF, No. 680; Herb. Fl. Cauc. No. 190. Perennial. Rootstock oblique or horizontal, creeping, slender, long. Plant (5)30-80(100) cm tall, with basal vegetative shoots, glandular- pubescent, glabrous or subglabrous. Stems erect or partially ascend- ing, simple, often solitary, sometimes violet above. Radical leaves in rosettes, rather thick, generally numerous, coriaceous, lanceolate, obovate- lanceolate or suborbicular, spatulate, often up to 15 cm long, 3 cm broad, entire, shallow serrate-dentate or crenate near tip, gradually narrowed into short-winged petiole, with whitish cartilaginous margin. Cauline leaves spaced, 4-6, or numerous crowded; lower leaves opposite, upper alternate, subsessile, dentate or entire, gradually transforming into linear-lanceolate, entire, glandular-pubescent, bracts; lower leaves sometimes glabrous or all glandular-pubescent, dark green. Inflorescence terminal, racemose, lax, many-flowered, glandular-pubescent. Pedicels glandular-hairy, 2-4 times as long as bracts and calyx, or almost equaling them, erect or divergent, 3-15 mm long, elongated in fruit. Calyx 2.5—-5 mm long, with A narrow lanceolate or oblong, almost similar, obtuse, 1-3 mm long lobes. Corolla 8-10 mm across, pale sky-blue or whitish, with dark blue stripes along whole length or in lower part, with green and hairy throat; corolla tube short; lobes obtuse, 3 orbicular, about 5 mm in diameter, 1 oblong-lanceolate, about 4 mm long, all lobes with glandular-ciliate margin, glabrous above, lateral lobes and partly middle largest lobe glandular-hairy beneath. Stamens almost equaling corolla; anthers lilac, ovoid; filaments white, erect. Style long, pale blue, gradually thickened. Ripe capsule 3-8 mm long, 3-7 mm broad, orbicular-obcordate, or el- liptical, somewhat compressed, slightly emarginate, with rounded base, generally densely glandular-pubescent. Style equaling capsule or shorter. Seeds subconcave, with hilum, smooth, ellipsoid, about 1 mm long. May to August (Plate XIV, Fig. 1). In damp mountain meadows, on grassy treeless slopes, along beech and pine forest edges in alpine and subalpine zones, cultivated in flower gardens, sometimes found growing wild (Moscow and Leningrad Provinces)—European USSR: Ladoga-Ilmen (Pskov, Gatchina), Upper Volga (naturalized), Crimea; Caucasus: Ciscaucasia, Dagestan, western, eastern and southern Transcaucasia, Talysh. General distribution: Balkan States-Asia Minor, Armenia-Kurdistan, Iran. Described from the Caucasus. Note. A highly polymorphic plant, distributed under natural condi- tions from the plains to the snow line, where it is represented by a 361 318 narrow-leaved, stunted form with more dentate leaves, an always pyra- midal raceme and curved or erect pedicels. 2. V. imeretica Kem.-Nath. in Fl. Gruz. VII (1952) 556; Zam. po Sist. i geogr. rast. Akad. Nauk GruzSSR, 18.—Ic.: Fl. Gruz. fig. 346. Perennial. Rootstock vertical or oblique, simple or branched. Plant 5—10(15) cm tall, glandular-pubescent. Stem erect or partially ascending, shortened, somewhat thick. Leaves glabrous, rather thick, dry, slightly coriaceous; radical leaves in rosette, broad, obovate or subrobicular, entire or crenate-dentate towards tip, narrowed into short, broad-winged petiole; cauline leaves extremely reduced, lanceolate or narrowly obovate, sessile, few. Flowers in long terminal raceme, exceeding or equaling stem. Bracts lanceolate, much shorter than pedicels or lower bracts equaling rigid erect and glandular pedicels. Calyx much shorter than corolla, with broadly ovate to ablong-ovate, obtuse, long-ciliate, distinctly veined lobes. Corolla pale sky-blue,. with violet veins. Capsule orbicular-elliptical or orbicular, glandular-pubescent or subglabrous, longer than calyx, slightly emarginate when ripe. April to May. In foothills, damp meadows.—Caucasus: eastern Transcaucasia (Imeretia). Endemic. Described from environs of Satapli. Type in Tbilisi. 3. V. kemulariae Kuthath. in Fl. Gruz. VII (1952) 560; Zam. po sist. 1 geogr. rast. Akad. Nauk GruzSSR, 17, 94, 96.—Ic.: Fl. Gruz. fig. 348. Perennial. Rootstock slender, long, horizontal or oblique, not reduced. Stem short, generally pubescent or glabrous, glandular-hairy above, erect or partially ascending, slender. Leaves crowded in radical rosette, oblong- lanceolate or oblong-obovate, gradually narrowed into petiole, with ob- tuse or subacute tip, margin above middle shallowly dentate, crenate or entire. Cauline leaves extremely reduced, narrow, lanceolate, sessile, den- tate. Flowers in terminal, broad pyramidal, glandular-pubescent raceme. Bracts oblong-lanceolate; pedicels divergent, arcuate or almost horizon- tally spreading or slightly reclinate; lower pedicels 2—several times as long as bracts or calyx lobes; upper pedicels shorter or equaling them. Calyx 4-partite almost to base, with oblong-ovate or oblong-lanceolate glandular lobes. Corolla violet, sky-blue or blue, with unequal lobes. Stamens equaling corolla. Stigma clavate. Capsule slightly compressed, with rounded base, shallowly emarginate, glandular or pubescent. May to June. On limestone in middle mountain zone.—Caucasus: Dagestan, west- ern, eastern and southern Transcaucasia. Endemic. Described from western Georgia. Village of Akhali-Sopeli. Type in Tbilisi. 362 319 4. V. charadzeae Kem.-Nath. in Fl. Gruz. VII (1952) 559; in Zam. po sist. i geogr. rast. Akad. Nauk GruzSSR 18 (1955).—Ic.: Fl. Gruz. VII, Fig. 347. Perennial. Rootstock long, oblique. Plant puberulent, 45-60 cm tall, generally darkening on drying with developed basal vegetative shoots. Stem glandular-pubescent above, with regularly spaced leaves. Leaves thin, distinctly veined, remotely dentate, puberulent on both surfaces; leaves of vegetative shoots and lower cauline 10-15 cm long, 2-3.5 cm broad, ablong-obovate, obtuse or short-pointed, gradually narrowed into long, winged petiole; middle cauline leaves generally opposite, similar to- radical and with shorter petioles connate into a tube at base; uppermost leaves reduced, opposite or alternate, sessile, lanceolate or oblong-ovate. Flowers in lax terminal racemes. Bracts linear, long-pointed, or the lower ones similar to upper cauline leaves. Pedicels patent, slender, long, several times longer than calyx or 2—3 times as long as bracts, glandular-pubescent or with long white hairs. Calyx deeply 4-partite, with unequal, ovate, ob- tuse or subobtuse lobes, distinctly veined, with long crispate hairs. Corolla pinkish violet or sky-blue, 2 times as long as calyx, with large broad lobes. Style long, slender. Capsule laterally compressed, broadly ovate, with broad base, slightly acute sinus, reticulate, lanate. June to August. In subalpine meadows and pine forests in upper mountain zone. Cau- casus: Ciscaucasia, eastern Transcaucasia (Georgia, Southern Ossetia). En- demic. Described from northern Georgia, from northern slope of Skalisty Range. Type in Tbilisi. 5. V. schistosa E. Busch in Tr. Bot. muz. Akad. Nauk SSSR, XXIV (1932) 23; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 393; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 385—Ic.: Bush, l.c. fig. 1. Perennial. Rootstock long, creeping, with aerial flowering and vegeta- tive shoots. Flowering stems (5)8—20 cm tall, erect or partially ascending. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute, gradually narrowed toward base, mar- gin serrate; upper cauline leaves sessile, oblong-lanceolate, short-pointed, erect. Racemes long, rather dense, pubescent, glandular-pubescent above. Pedicels 2—3 times as long as bracts, arcuate and divergent from pedun- cles. Calyx with oval or oblong, 1.5—2.5 mm and 1.5—2 mm broad lobes. Corolla bright sky-blue, with dark blue veins, short tube and broad limb. Capsule subglobose, slightly emarginate, dark, 4-5 mm long, 4.5-6 mm broad. Seeds about 1 mm in diameter, flat. Flowering June to August. Fruiting August to September (Plate XIV, Fig. 2). On talus in high-mountain zone.—Caucasus: eastern Transcaucasia (Southern Ossetia), western Transcaucasia (Abkhazia). Endemic. De- scribed from Southern Ossetia. Type in Leningrad. 320 363 321 Series 2. Monticolae Boriss—Stem with scaly leaves at base, uni- formly leafy. Leaves ovate-orb:-ular to oblong-lanceolate, shallow dentate- serrate and ciliate, lower leaves short-petiolate. Pedicels erectopatent, 2-4 times as long as calyx. Calyx 5-lobed. Capsule oblong-ovate, narrowed above and obtuse, not emarginate or scarcely so. 6. V. monticola Trautv. in Bull. Acad. Petérsb. X (1866) 398; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 452; Wulff. in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, XV, 83; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 392; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 386.—Exs.: GRF, No. 681; Fl. Cauc. exs. No. 146. Perennial. Plant 10-35 cm tall. Rootstock profusely branched. Stems numerous, simple, woody at base, ascending and rooting, solitary or a few together, diffuse-puberulent, with scaly brownish leaves at base. Cauline leaves oblong-ovate or lanceolate, middle leaves 1.5—3.5(5) cm long, 8-20 cm [sic] broad, acute, with cuneate base, glabrous and only sometimes hairy underneath along veins, dentate-serrate, teeth acute and shallow, margin ciliate; lower leaves short-petiolate. Racemes glandu- lar, lax, 5—15-flowered. Pedicels slender, patent, glandular, 2-4 times as long as calyx. Bracts lanceolate, entire, shorter than pedicels, or almost equaling them. Calyx 5-lobed, sometimes 4-lobed; lobes oblong or oblong- lanceolate, obtuse, unequal; 2 lobes about 5 mm long, 2 about 4 mm and 1 about 3 mm long. Corolla 2 times as long as calyx; largest corolla lobe orbicular, sometimes emarginate: two lobes oblong-ovate and one oblong. Stamens exserted, erect, upright, 5-6 mm long. Capsule about 6 mm long, equaling calyx or 2 times as long, not compressed, oblong-ovoid, tapering above, not emarginate, puberulent and diffuse-glandular; style 10-12 mm long. Seeds numerous, 0.5—0.75 mm long, about 0.5 mm broad, ovate or elliptical, flat, slightly curved. May to June. In alpine and subalpine zones of Glavny Caucasian Range and out- lying regions, on pebble-beds and limestone, in rock crevices, on banks of rivulets—Caucasus: Ciscaucasia, western and eastern Transcaucasia. Endemic. Described from Nakhar Pass in Abkhazia. Type in Leningrad. Series 3. Stellerianae Boriss. Stem uniformly leafy, puberulent. Leaves sessile, opposite, ovate, with dentate or serrate margin. Inflorescence terminal corymbose or spicate raceme, dense or lax. Pedicels 3-5 times as long as flowers. Capsule elliptical, scarcely emarginate, hairy at tip. Plate XIV. 1. Veronica gentianoides Vahl, general appearance of plant, flower, seed. —2. V. schistosa E. Busch, general appearance of plant, flower, capsule. —3. V. schmidtiana Rgl., general appearance of plant, flower, capsule. 364 322 7. V. stelleri Pall. ex Link in Spreng., Schard. u. Link, Jahrb. III (1820) 40; C. Koch, Monogr. Veron. 32; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 481; Ldb. FI. Ross. III, 247; Hulten, Fl. Kamtsch. IV, 101; Rompp in Fedde, Repert. Beih., L, 101; Komarov, Fl. Kamch. III, 68; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 386.—V. yesoensis Nakai Rep. Veg. Daisetsu (1930) 71. —V. algida Fisch. ex. Komarov, l.c. 69.—Ic.: Sugawara, Illustr. Fl. Saghal. IV, 1645, tab. 754. Perennial. Rootstock creeping, sparingly branched. Stem 5—25 cm tall, erect, simple, partially ascending, puberulent. Leaves sessile, 4—7 pairs, connivent, opposite decussate, ovate, 1.5—3 cm long, 1-2 cm broad, gener- ally distinctly dentate or serrate. Inflorescence terminal, at first corymbose or spicate, compact, later elongated and lax, sometimes with few flowers. Pedicels generally 3—5 times as long as flowers. Calyx with lanceolate acuminate teeth, teeth 1/3—-1/2 of calyx length. Corolla sky-blue or vio- let, dull, about 8 mm across. Capsule about 6 mm long, 4.5 mm broad, elliptical, scarcely emarginate, densely or very sparsely hairy at tip; style slightly shorter than capsule. Seeds ovate, about 1.5 mm long, obtuse. Flowering July to September. On dry slopes, often in meadows in alpine zone, on moraines. So- viet Far East: Kamchatka (Commander Islands), Sakhalin (and Kuril Is- lands), General distribution: Beringia, Japan, North America. Described from Kamchatka. Type in Berlin. Series 4. Schmidtianae Boriss.—Stem without trailing shoots, gener- ally densely pilose. Leaves crowded on lower part of stem and in rosettes, pinnately or distinctly dentate-lobed. Inflorescence rather dense raceme. Pedicels several times longer than corolla and capsule. Capsule ovoid to cordate, slightly tapering above, emarginate. 8. V. schmidtiana Rgl. in Ind. sem. hort. Petrop. (1864) 22; Fr. Schmidt. Reise Amur. u. Sachal. (1868) 162; Rompp in Fedde, Repert. Beih. L, 25; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 386.—Ic.: Sugawara, Illustr. Fl. Saghal. IV, 1643, tab. 753. Perennial. Rootstock slender, woody, often creeping. Stem 5—20 cm tall, solitary or a few together, erect or partially ascending, generally dense pilose with long retrorse hairs. Lower leaves up to 4 cm long, long- petiolate; upper leaves short-petiolate or sessile, Lamina 2-4 cm long, 1-1.5 cm broad, deltoid-ovate, ovate-oblong or lanceolate, margin dou- bly sinuate, pinnately and distinctly dentate-lobed, base truncate or sub- cuneate, sometimes subcordate, glabrous or somewhat pilose. Flowers in dense racemes, elongated in fruit, pedicels several times longer than corolla and capsule. Bracts in lower part of inflorescence similar to cauline leaves, upper bracts entire, lanceolate or spatulate-oblong. Flowers large. Calyx 365 323 with lanceolate or spatulate lobes, glandular, 1/2 or 3/4 as long as cap- sule. Corolla about 1.5 cm across, blue, sometimes white (var. albiflora Sugawara) or red (var. rubescens Sugawara); 3 corolla lobes ovate, 1 orbicular-ovate, all acute. Stamens 1.5—2.5 times as long as corolla or almost equaling it; anthers about 1 mm long, diverging. Style shorter than corolla. Capsule 6-7(10) mm long, 3-5 mm broad, slightly tapering above, with 1—2 mm long sinus, lobes divaricate at right angle; style long, almost equaling capsule; capsule chambers with about 10 seeds. Seeds about 0.5 mm in diameter, ovate, flat, with obtuse tip, acute base, smooth. Flowering June to July (Plate XIV, Fig. 3). On stony slopes, on coastal sands——Soviet Far East: Sakhalin (and Kuril Islands). General distribution: Japan. Described from southern Sakhalin. Type in Leningrad. Series 5. Serphyllifoliae Boriss——Stems with procumbent, decumbent and rooting, ascending shoots. Leaves sessile, orbicular and ovate to ob- long and lanceolate, obscurely crenate-dentate to crenate. Racemes short, elongated in fruit, terminal ones with regularly spaced flowers. Pedicels in fruit erect, equaling or 2-5 times as long as bracts. Capsule obcordate, shallow emarginate. 9. V. serpyllifolia L. Sp. pl. (1753) 12; M.B. FI. taur.-cauc. I, 9; C. Koch, Monogr. Veron. 25; Benth. in DC. Prodr. V, 482; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 248, p.p.; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 453; Pflanzenfam. IV, 3b, 85; Schmalh. Fl. I, 279; Wulff in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, XV, 81; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 393; Kom. and Alis. Opred. rast. Dalnevost. kr. II, 924; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2450; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 396.—V. serpyllifo- lia L. y and 6. C. Koch, lc. 25.—V. spicato-racemosa Gilib. FI. lith. I (1782) 107.—V. alpestris Schur in Verh. Sieb. Ver. Naturw. 3 (1852) 88.—V. neglecta F.W. Schmidt, Fl. Boem. I (1793) 20.—V. ruderalis Vahl, Enum. Pl. 1(1804) 66.—V. tenella All. Fl. Pedem. 1 (1785) 75, tab. 22, f. 1; C. Koch. lc. 25.—V. rotundifolia Lucé, FI. osil. (1823) 3.—V. microphylla Kit. in Oest. Fl. 2, 1 (1814) 20.—V. fontana Pall. ex Link, Jahrb. III (1820) 41 p.p—Cardia multiflora Dulac, Fl. Hautes- Pyr. (1867) 391.—Veronicastrum serpyllifolium Fourr. in Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, N. S. XVII (1869) 128.—Ic.: Rchb. Ic. Fl. Germ. XX, tab. 97, 1718, f. II, I; Fedtsch. and Fler. Fl. Evrop. Ross. fig. 803; Vestn. Tifl. bot. sada 28, fig. 5; Hegi, Illustr. Fl. Mittel-Eur. IV, 1, tab. 239, f. 1; Juel in Acta Horti Berg. 1, 5, tab. Il, f. 33; Javorka és Csapody, Iconogr. fl. Hung. f. 3316; Sugawara, Illustr. Fl. Sagh. IV, 1647, tab. 755.—Exs.: GRF, No. 1679; Hayek, Fl. Stir. exs. No. 1246; Fl. exs. Reipubl. Boh.-Slov. No. 362. 36 lon) 324 Perennial. Plant (5)10—25(40) cm tall, with vegetative or flowering shoots. Stems ascending, procumbent or decumbent, rooting, glabrous or puberulent beneath, with recurved hairs, weak, slender, branched from base. Leaves entire, puberulent or glabrous, glossy, opposite, lower leaves and those on non-flowering shoots short-petiolate or sessile, sometimes connivent in radical rosette, orbicular or ovate, obtuse, entire. or obscurely crenate-dentate or crenate, 5-22 mm long, 3—10 cm [sic] broad; middle leaves spaced, sessile, oblong-ovate or oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate; upper leaves gradually transforming into bracts. Inflorescence terminal and lateral racemes, erect, many-flowered, lax, 2-20 cm long, elongated in fruit, with somewhat spaced flowers in axils of small bracts. Pedicels pubescent, erect or upcurved at acute angle in fruit, equaling or 2 times as long as bracts. Calyx with oblong-ovate, oblong and equal, obtuse lobes, glandular-ciliate, shorter than pedicels, equaling them or longer. Corolla 3-4 mm long, white, sky-blue or whitish, with pink veins, sub- rotate, slightly longer than calyx; limb with 3 subequal, obtuse, orbicular lobes and 1 ovate, smaller, obtuse lobe; tube very short, with 4 veins. Sta- mens almost equaling corolla, curved. Capsule broadly obovate, 3.5—-4 mm long, 4-5 mm broad, compressed, rounded at base, shallowly emarginate, glandular-ciliate; style long, 1/2—3/4 times as long as capsule. Seeds flat, scutate, ovate, about 1 mm long, numerous. May to August (September). Plant generally of forests and meadows. Common in pastures, along roads in damp and marshy meadows, in thinly covered forests, in moun- tainous forest and forest-steppe regions, on grassy slopes, sometimes in steppe. Reaches altitudes of 1500-4500 m—European USSR: Karelia- Lapland, Dvina-Pechora, Ladoga-IImen, Baltic Region, Upper Volga, Volga-Kama, Upper Dnieper, Middle Dnieper, Volga-Don, Trans-Volga Region, Bessarabia, Lower Don, Lower Volga; Caucasus: Ciscaucasia, western, eastern and southern Transcaucasia, Talysh; Western Siberia: Ob’ Region, Altai Region; Eastern Siberia: Yenisey, Angara-Sayan; Soviet Far East: Kamchatka (?), Okhotsk, Ussuri, Sakhalin (?); Soviet Central Asia: Dzh.- Tarbagatai-Tien Shan, Aral-Caspian Region (northern Turkme- nia). General distribution: Scandinavia, Central Europe, Atlantic Europe, Mediterranean Region, Balkan States-Asia Minor, Armenia-Kurdistan, Iran, India-Himalayas, Japan, China, Beringia. Described from Europe. Type in London. 10. V. humifusa Dickson in Trans. Linn. Soc. 2 (1794) 288; Hulten, Fl. Kamtsch. IV, 99; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI 396.—V. serpylli- folia auct. fl. Sib. non L.; Cham. in Linnaea, 2 (1827) 588; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 248 (quoad pl. Kamtsch.); Kom. Fl. Kamch. III, 69.—V. serpyllifo- lia var. humifusa (Dicks.) Vahl. Enum. pl. I (1805) 65.—V. serpyllifolia subsp. humifusa (Dicks.) Pennele in Monogr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelph. 367 325 V (1943) 77 —V. fontana Pall. ex Link, Jahrb. I, 3 (1820) 41; C. Koch, Monogr. Veron. 26.—V. serpyllifolia var. borealis Laest. in Nov. Acta Soc. Ups. XI (1839) 211; Rompp in Fedde, Repert. Beih., L, 57.—V. bo- realis Laest, ex Hook. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. 33 (1861) 336.—Ic.: Rchb. Ic. fl. germ. XX, tab. 97, 1718, f. IV: Juel in Acta Horti Berg., No. 5 tab. II, fig. 32. Perennial. Stems often branched from base, often with long viscid, glandular hairs in lower. part. Leaves orbicular or ovate, obtuse, obscurely dentate above or entire. Pedicels glandular. Calyx shorter than corolla. Corolla dark blue, larger than that of V. serpyllifolia L. Capsule densely glandular, with cuneate base. In other respects, the plant is very similar to V. serpyllifolia L. and, possibly, is a form of this species. Sometimes found together with V. serpyllifolia L. Flowering June to July. Along roadsides, near habitations, river banks, in damp places, vegetation-covered alluvial soils.—Arctic Region: Arctic Europe; So- viet Far East: Kamchatka (and Commander Islands). Okhotsk, Sakhalin. General distribution: Circumpolar plant. Described from Scotland. Type in Berlin. 11. V. riederiana Gandoger ex Herder in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 58, I (1883) 407, nomen; Kom. FI. Kamch. III, (1930) 70; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 397.—V. serpyllifolia var. thymifolia Herder, |.c. Perennial. Plant 10-15 cm tall. Stems partly ascending, partly procum- bent. Leaves connivent, orbicular-ovate or oblong to lanceolate, obtuse. Racemes 1-1.5 cm long, pubescent with multicellular hairs. Pedicels slightly longer than bracts. Bracts similar to cauline leaves. Calyx with oblong, obtuse rounded lobes. Corolla light sky-blue, with lobes 2 times as long as calyx. Capsule obovate; style erect, almost equaling calyx. August. On silty banks, near hot springs—Far East: Kamchatka. General distribution: Beringia. Described from Kamchatka and Unalaska. Type lost. Section 2. Pseudolysimachia C. Koch, Syn. fl. Germ. ed. II (1837) 527; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 464; Pflanzenfam. IV, 3b, 85; Vul’f in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, XV, 71.—Gen. Pseudolysmachion Opiz, Seznam (1852) 80.—Inflorescence terminal, racemose or spicate, lateral clusters in axils of upper elongated leaves, with sessile or subsessile flowers. Bracts small. Calyx 4-partite. Corolla tube distinct, slightly broader than long, slightly longer or shorter than calyx and limb; corolla lobes erect or slightly recurved. Capsule suborbicular, slightly laterally compressed, obtuse or emarginate; valves united with placental column almost to tip. Seeds ovate or oblong, slightly compressed, flat or biconvex. Leaves opposite, some- times in whorls of 3-4 or alternate. Perennials, forming numerous hybrids. 368 326 Series 1. Longifoliae Boriss——Leaves opposite or in whorls of 3-4, often petiolate, sometimes a few subsessile or sessile, often with rounded or cordate base, rarely cuneate, often coarsely dentate or doubly dentate up to tip. Pedicels longer than 2 mm. Bracts shorter than pedicels. Corolla glabrous or sparsely hairy in throat. Capsule shorter than calyx or slightly longer, leaves in latter case sessile. 12. V. longifolia L. Sp. pl. I (1753) 10, p.p.; C. Koch, Monogr. Veron. 33 p.p; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 465; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 232; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 455; Pflanzenfam. IV, 3b, 85; Schmalh. Fl. II, 278; Wulff in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, XV, 74, p.p.; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 394; Rompp in Fedde, Repert. Beih. L, 47; Kom. and Alis. Opred. rast. Dal’nevost. kr. II, 923; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 390, p.p.; Harle in Bibl. Bot. 104, 14.—V. longifolia B. and y~. C. Koch, 1.c.—V. longifolia var. puberula Benth. |.c. 466.—V. ruthenica hort. ex Roem. and Schult. Syst. veg. I (1817) 96; Koch, lc. 29.—V. maritima L. Sp. pl. I (1753) 10; M.B. Fl. taur.-cauc. I, 7; C. Koch, lc. 27; Stroh, l.c. 461.—V. ver- ticillata Gilib. Fl. lith. I (1781) 97.—V. cuspidata Pall. ex Link in Jahrb. Tl (1820) 36.—V. persicifolia Schott ex Link in Jahrb. (1821) 21.—V. hybrida Georgi, Beschr. Russ. Reich. (1802) 256, non L. nec. M.B.—V. media Schrad. Comm. Veron. Spic. (1803) 23; Schmalh. FI. II, 279.—V. elatior M.B. FI. taur.-cauc. III (1819) 8, non Willd —V. oxy- phylla Stev. ex Besser, Enum. pl. Volh. (1821) 48.—V. longifolia £. puberula Benth. |.c. 466.—V. luxurians Ldb. FI. alt. I (1829) 27, in ad- not.; Koch. l.c. 31.—V. pseudolongifolia Printz, Veg. Sib.-Mong. Front. 3 (1921) 380.—Pseudolysimachion longifolium Opiz, Seznam (1852) 80.—Ic.: Ldb. Ic. Fl. Ross. tab. 211; Rchb. Ic. fl. germ. XX, tab. 93, 1714. f. I, II; Hegi, Ilustr. Fl. Mittel-Eur. VI, I, f. 26a, b; Syreistsch. Ill. Fl. Mosk. gub. III, 151; Javorka és Csapody, Iconogr. fl. Hung. f. 3301; Bot. mat..Gerb. Glavn. bot. sada, V, 8, fig. 2a and 26.—Exs.: Pl. Finl. exs. No. 916; Fl. pol. exs. No. 372 a, b; GRF, No. 933; FI. lith. exs. No. 74. Perennial. Rootstock long, creeping. Stem 40—120(150) cm tall, erect, strong, smooth or fissured, generally glabrous or puberulent. Leaves oppo- site or in whorls of 3-4, oblong or oblong-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate (var. maritima), 3-15 cm long, (0.5)1-4 cm broad, petiolate, generally unequal, doubly dentate or sharp serrate up to tip, with cordate, truncate or cuneate base, acuminate, glabrous or sometimes very sparsely pubescent beneath along veins. Bracts much longer than pedicels or equaling them, generally reaching tips of calyx lobes, subulate or linear. Inflorescence terminal dense raceme, elongated up to 25 cm, often solitary, sometimes with a few lateral racemes. Flowers with pedicels almost equaling calyx or shorter. Calyx about 2—3 mm long, 2/3 incised into 4 lanceolate or deltoid-oblong, acute, subequal, ciliolate lobes; two lobes slightly longer 369 327 than others. Corolla blue or bluish violet, about 6 mm long, with white tube 1/3 or 1/2 as long as corolla; tube pilose inside, with broad, flat limb; lobes obtuse or subobtuse, broad, subequal; one lobe orbicular, others. oblong. Stamens generally exserted. Capsule 3-4 mm long and broad, obcordate or orbicular-ovate, inflated, hard, glabrous, retuse; style 1.5—3 times as long as capsule. Seeds oval, plano-convex, slightly curved, about 0.5 mm broad and 0.75 mm long, smooth. June to September. Essentially a forest plant. In forest and inundated meadows. Steppe- forming areas, among bushy thickets——European USSR: All regions ex- cept Crimea and extreme north. Caucasus: Ciscaucasia. Western Siberia: Ob’ Region, Upper Tobol, Irtysh, Altai Region; Eastern Siberia: Yenisey, Lena-Kolyma, Angara-Sayan, Dauria; Soviet Far East: Zeya-Bureya, Uda Region, Ussuri, Sakhalin; Soviet Central Asia: Aral-Caspian Re- gion, Balkhash Region, Dzh.-Tarbagatai, Tien Shan. General distribution: Dzh.-Kashgar (Kuldzha). Described from Europe. Type in London. Note. The narrow-leaved, puberulent form, which has been recog- nized by several authors, is described as V. maritima L. Some authors have treated this form as V. longifolia var. maritima (L.) (Syreistschikov, III Fl. Mosk. gub. III (1910) 151; Pavlov in Vestn. Akad. Nauk KazSSR, 5, (1951) 42), or as var. puberula Denth. (DC. l|.c. 466). This form is found throughout the range of the species, and is one of the numerous forms of this species. 13. V. septentrionalis Boriss. Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, XVII (1955).—V. longifolia var. borealis Trautv. ex Middend. in Ldb. FI. Ross. III (1847-1849) 232. Perennial. Rootstock woody, long, roots slender, numerous. Stems 25-30 cm tall, densely leafy, somewhat thick, erect or a few together partially ascending, crispate-puberulent, with scale leaves in lower part. Leaves longer than internodes, 3—9 cm long, 1.5—4 cm broad, broadest at base, opposite, subsessile, with broad, 3-5 mm long petioles, ovate, ob- long or oblong-lanceolate, coarse sharp-toothed, with acute tip, both sur- faces sparsely pilose or subglabrous. Inflorescence solitary raceme, rarely branched, broad, dense, 1-10 cm long, about 2 cm broad; flowers on short, glabrous or subglabrous, about 2 mm long pedicels, 3-4 mm long in fruit. Bracts linear, glabrous, almost equaling pedicels. Calyx subglabrous, about 1.5 mm long and broad, united almost to half its length, with 4 broad, ovate, obtuse lobes. Corolla blue, about 5 mm long, with 2 mm long, 2.5 mm broad tube, hairy in throat; 3 corolla lobes ovate, 1 orbicular- ovate, obtuse. Stamens exserted; anthers about 1 mm long, diverging. Style filiform, 6 mm long, with capitate stigma. Capsule ovate, 4-5 mm long, 3 mm broad, emarginate, glabrous. Seeds flat, ovate-orbicular, 1 mm long, 0.75 mm broad. July to August (Plate XV, fig. 2). 370 328 Along banks of streams and rivers, among scrub in meadows, in tundra and forest-tundra zones.—Arctic Region: Arctic Europe, Arc- tic Siberia; European USSR: Karelia-Lapland, Dvina-Pechora (north); . Western Siberia: Ob’ Region (north); Eastern Siberia: Eniseisk Region (north), Lena-Kolyma. Endemic. Described from Cape of Nakhodka. Type in Leningrad. 14. V. bachofenii Heuff. in Flora, XVIII (1835) 253.—V. biserrata Schur. Enum. pl. (1866) 497.—V. media Baumg. ex Griseb. u. Schenk in Wigm. Arch. Naturg. 18 (1852) 322——-V. grandis Rompp. in Fedde Repert. Beih. L (1928) 50, non Fisch.—Ic.: Rchb. Ic. fl. Germ. XX, tab. 90, 1711, f. II; Javorca és Csapody, Iconogr. fl. Hung. No. 3300.—Exs:.: Fl. exs. austro-hung. No. 919. Perennial. Plant grayish pubescent, 20-30 cm tall, patently pubescent above. Leaves opposite, petiolate, deltoid, oblong-ovate to oblong- lanceolate, with rounded-cordate base, pointed, with margins doubly sharp toothed, glabrous. Bracts linear, 2 times as long as pedicels. Racemes dense, terminal, long spiculate in bud; sometimes axillary, opposite, more lax. Calyx lobes subequal, lanceolate-linear, acute. Corolla bright blue, with tube 1/2 its length; corolla limb with 4 ovate-oblong unequal acute lobes. Stamens exserted or equaling corolla, with erect filaments and ovate anthers. Capsule orbicular, scarcely emarginate, with recurved, persistent calyx lobes; style 1.5 times as long as capsule, slender, curved. Seeds minute, flat. June to August. On rocks, dry hills and rubbly valleys. European USSR: Upper Dni- ester (sometimes in Carpathian Range, Petros Mountain). General distri- bution: Central Europe, Balkan States—Asia Minor (Balkans Peninsula). Described from Europe. Type in Vienna; 15. V. olgensis Kom. in Izv. Bot. sada Akad. Nauk SSSR, XXX (1932) 209; Kom. and Alis. Opred. rast. Dal’nevost. kr. II, 923; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 433. Perennial. Roots fibrous, short. Stem erect, simple, strong, 20-30 cm tall, asperate, puberulent, with crispate hairs. Leaves lanceolate or oblong- lanceolate, lower leaves deltoid, lanceolate 20-35 mm long, 4-10 mm broad, with short-cuneate base, acute, sharp serrulate or serrate-dentate, sometimes doubly serrate, with 1 cm long petioles, pilose beneath mainly along veins, sparsely hairy above. Flowers in simple raceme or inflo- rescence paniculate-racemose, 7-9 cm long. Lower bracts longer than pedicels and calyx, similar to cauline leaves, serrate, lanceolate; upper bracts lanceolate, entire. Pedicels about 1 mm long. Calyx sometimes reddish green, parted into 4 lanceolate-linear or lanceolate, subglabrous, subobtuse lobes almost up to base. Corolla 5 mm long, white or pink, 37 — 372 329 1/3—1/2 united in tube, hairy in throat; limb of deeper color, about 3 mm long, with erect or slightly recurved, subobtuse, subequal, oblong- lanceolate lobes. Stamens scarcely exserted; anthers oblong, about 1 mm long, similar in color to corolla. Capsule 2—3 mm long, about 3 mm broad, scarcely longer than calyx, orbicular-cordate, somewhat compressed, 2- lobed, scarcely emarginate. Style 4 mm long. Seeds plano-convex, slightly curved on one side, ovate, 1 mm long, about 0.5-0.75 mm broad, ob- tuse. On dry, rubbly slopes, in mountain oak woods. Soviet Far East: Us- suri. Endemic. Described from Olginsk Region (environs of the village of Chernoruchenkovo). Type in Leningrad. 16. V. subsessilis (Miq.) Carriere in Rev. Hort. LIII (1881) 270; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 392.—V. longifolia var. subsessilis Miq. in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. II (1865) 11; Sugawara, Illustr. Fl. Sahgal. IV, 1635.—V. longifolia var. japonica Maxim. ex Harle in Bibl. Bot. 104 (1932) 21.—(?) V. miyabei Nakai and Honda in Journ. Jap. Bot. XI (1935) 355; Sugawara, l.c.—V. longifolia var. grayi Fr. Schmidt in Mém. Ac. Sc. Pétersb. VII, 2 (1868) 162.—(?) V. grayi Miyabe and Kudo ex Miyabe and Miyake, Fl. Sagh. (1915) 346, non Armstrong.—lIc.: Curtis, Bot. Mag. tab. 6407; Carriére, l.c.; Sugawara, l.c. tab. 749. Perennial. Stem cylindrical, erect, up to 1 m tall, crispate-hairy. Leaves generally 5—7 cm long, 3-4 cm broad, ovate to oblong-lanceolate with cor- date base, sharply narrowed into 3-5 mm long petiole or sessile, coarsely dentate or serrate-dentate, acute, almost horizontally diverging from stem or reflexed, with upper surface pubescent, lower more densely so or hairy either only along veins, or subglabrous. Racemes 5-40 cm long, dense and many-flowered. Bracts filiform, long, especially in lower part of in- florescence, longer than calyx and capsule. Pedicels short or flowers sub- sessile. Calyx lobes linear, filiform, acute, united at base. Corolla with 4 emarginate lobes, tube 1/3; 2 lobes oblong, 2 ovate: throat hairy. Stamens exserted; anthers ovoid. Style long, filiform, 2 times as long as capsule. Capsule shorter than calyx, orbicular, slightly emarginate, ‘glabrous. Seeds oblong-ovate, about 1 mm long, 0.5 mm broad, obtuse, plano-convex. Flowering June to July. Soviet Far East: Sakhalin. General distribution: Japan. Described from Sakhalin. Type in Lund. Series 2. Grandes Boriss—Plants pubescent with simple hairs, in- termixed with glandular hairs above. Leaves opposite, with up to 1 cm long petioles, rounded or cordate base, densely glandular-puberulent or sparsely hairy, rather deeply, unequally large-toothed. Inflorescence dense spike; flowers on pedicels equaling or shorter than narrowly-linear bracts. Capsule orbicular or obcordate. 375 330 17. V. dahurica Stev. in Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. V (1817) 33. —V. grandis Fisch. ex Sprengel, Neue Entdeck. II (1821) 122; C. Koch. Monogr. Veron. 32; Benth in DC. Prodr. X. 465; Rompp in Fedde, Repert. Beih. L, 50, p.p.; Kom. and Alis. Opred. rast. Dalnevost. kr. II, 923; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI 393;—V. longifolia Ldb. FI. Ross. III (1847-1849) 233, non L.—V. longifolia var. grandis (Fisch.) Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXIV, 2 (1851) 312.—V. spicata Rompp, l.c. 51, p.p.; Stroh, I.c. 394, p.p.—Ic.: Harle in Bibl. Bot. 104, tab. B., Abb. 12. Perennial. Roots slender, fibrous, short. Stem 30-90 cm tall, solitary or few together, erect, strong, puberulent with simple hairs, intermixed with glandular hairs above. Leaves opposite, oblong or deltoid, broadly lanceolate, 5-11 cm long, 12.5 cm at broadest part, with about 1 cm long petiole, rounded or cordate base, rather deeply, unequally large-toothed or serrate-incised, with broad teeth, densely glandular-puberulent or sparsely: hairy. Flowers in terminal or lateral opposite racemes, on glandular- puberulent pedicels equaling or shorter than narrowly linear bracts. Calyx with 4 acute, linear-lanceolate, glandular-ciliate lobes, slightly shorter than capsule. Corolla about 7 mm across, white or pink, sometimes dark blue, patulous, with short tube and broad, almost regular limb with 4 ovate obtuse lobes. Stamens exserted, with large, triangular-oblong anthers, 1.5 —2.5 mm long. Capsule orbicular or obcordate, in latter case with cuneate base, 2-4 mm long and 2-3 mm broad, somewhat emarginate; style 1.5—2.5 times as long as capsule. Seeds flat, obovate-orbicular, 0.75—1 mm long, 0.5—0.75 mm at broadest part above. Flowering July to August. On sandy-pebbly sediments, on rocky slopes. Eastern Siberia: Dauria, Zeya-Bureya; Soviet Far East: Ussuri. General distribution: China, Japan. Described from Dauria. Type in Leningrad. Series 3. Sajanenses Boriss——Stems with scale leaves at base, densely pubescent above. Leaves opposite or whorled, sessile, scattered glandular- hairy on both surfaces. Bracts, pedicels, calyces and capsules densely pilose. Inflorescence long, dense, spicate raceme; flowers short-pedicellate. Calyx lobes linear. Corolla densely pilose in throat, with linear-cuneate lobes. Capsule orbicular or broadly ellipsoid, slightly compressed. 18. V. sajanensis Printz, Veg. Sib.-Mong. Front. (1921) 385; Harle in Bibl. Bot. 104, 44; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 395.—Ic.: Printz, lic. tab. 12. Perennial. Rootstock long, woody; roots slender, numerous. Stems strong, erect, 50-70 cm tall, slightly 4-angled, densely pubescent with long, simple, articulate hairs, glandular generally in upper part. Leaves opposite or in whorls of 3, sessile, S—7(9) cm long, 2—2.5 cm broad, oblong-lanceolate; upper leaves long tapering, sharply curved-serrate, 376 331 sometimes almost doubly serrate, base rounded, both surfaces sparsely glandular-hairy; lower leaves somewhat reduced, gradually transforming into scale leaves. Inflorescence terminal raceme, often simple, erect, 9-10 cm long, 1—1.5 cm broad, cylindrical, dense, many-flowered. Pedicels 1-1.5 mm long. Bracts linear, equaling calyx or longer; lower bracts much longer. Calyx 4-partite, lobes equal, very narrow, sublinear, 5—6 mm long, subacute, densely villous-tomentose along with pedicels and bracts. Corolla pale blue, with short tube, very deeply incised into 4 narrow, linear-cuneate lobes gradually tapering above; corolla longer than calyx or equaling it, densely pilose in throat, upper lobe with 3 veins, broadest 3 lower lobes more connate at base, distinctly single-veined. Stamens 2, sometimes up to 5, almost 2 times as long as calyx, exserted. Style equaling stamens or slightly shorter, exserted. Capsule laterally compressed, orbicular or broadly elliptical, slightly emarginate, about 3 mm long, dense pilose. Seeds about 0.75 mm long, 0.25 mm broad, ovate, convex. July. In alpine and subalpine meadows, in lichen tundra.—Western Siberia: Altai Region; Eastern Siberia: Angara-Sayan (Sayan Range). Endemic. Described from Sayan. Series 4. Spuriae Boriss.—Plants puberulent or subglabrous. Leaves opposite or whorled, short-petiolate, cuneate at base, sharply notched. Racemes often few, forming paniculate-racemose inflorescence. Pedicels longer than 2 mm. Bracts shorter than pedicels. Capsule longer than calyx. 19. V. spuria L. Sp. pl. (1753) 10; M.B. FI. taur.-cauc. I, 6; II, 453; III, 8; C. Koch, Monogr. Veron. 28; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 231. p.p.; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 455; Pflanzenfam. IV, 3b, 85; Schmalh. FI. II, 278. p.p.; Wulff in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, XV, 76; Rompp. in Fedde, Repert. Beih. L, 48; Harle in Bibl. Bot. 104, 22; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 394.—V. brevifolia M.B. FI. taur.-cauc. I (1808) 6; iII (1819) 8.—V. spuria var. brevifolia (M.B.) C.A.M. Verzeichn. (1831) 105.—V. paniculata L. Sp. pl. (1762) 18; syst. ed. X, 849; Bge. in Ldb. FI. Alt. I, 29.—V. paniculata Pall. Reise I (1771) 196; Koch, l.c. 28.—V. foliosa Waldst. and Kit. Pl. rar. Hung. II (1805) 106, tab. 102; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 392:—V. altaica Fisch. Cat. hort. Gorenk. (1812) 19, nom. nud.—V. leucantha Helm in Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc. II (1809) 106.—V. stephaniana Roem. and Schult. Syst. veg. I (1822) 96; C. Koch, l.c. 26.—V. ruthenica Fisch. ex Rchb. Fl. Germ. I (1833) 363.—Ic.: Rchb. Ic. fl. germ. XX, tab. 94, 1715; Bot. mat. Gerb. Glavn. bot. sada, 123, fig. 3a and 3b; Syreistsch. Ill. fl. Mosk. gub. III, 150; Javorka és Csapody, Iconogr. fl. Hung. f. 3302; Helm, l.c.; ‘Harle in Bibl. Bot. fab. A. Abb. 7. Perennial. Rootstock creeping. Stems 30—120 cm tall, erect, branched above, densely crispate-puberulent or glabrous, cylindrical or slightly 4- angled. Leaves in whorls of 3-4 or opposite, slightly grayish due to dense 332 : Zs ¢, & ee ao ad. as nF o V3" a) roe se 377 333 puberulence, oblong, oblong-lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, 3-8 cm long, 1-3 cm broad, acute, sharply serrate or doubly serrate, entire in up- per part, narrowed at both ends, cuneate, short-petiolate. Flowers in termi- nal and lateral racemes, forming paniculate-spicate inflorescence; racemes somewhat dense, with flowers somewhat regularly spaced, elongated, ta- pering. Bracts 1/2 as long as or almost equaling pedicels, narrow linear or lanceolate-linear. Calyx about 2 mm long, 2/3 parted into 4 ovate, oblong-ovate, subobtuse lobes. Corolla blue or sky-blue, sometimes pink- ish, 5-6 mm long, tube pilose inside, limb irregular; tube rather long, longer than broad; lobes ovate, almost equaling tube, equal in width. Sta- mens exserted; anthers ovate. Capsule obovate or elliptical, 3-4 mm long, 2-3 mm broad, inflated, slightly compressed, retuse; style 1.5-2.5 times as long as capsule, slender, sometimes curved. Seeds flat or planoconvex, 0.5-0.75 mm long, 0.3-0.5 mm broad, ovate. June to August. In damp and dry meadows, steppes and forest-steppes, along slopes, river banks, mixed-grass meadows——European USSR: Karelia-Lapland, Dvina-Pechora, Baltic Region, Ladoga-IImen, Upper Volga, Volga-Kama, Upper Dnieper, Middle Dnieper, Volga-Don, Trans-Volga Region, Black Sea Region, Upper Dniester, Bessarabia, Crimea (?), Lower Don, Lower Volga, Urals; Caucasus: Ciscaucasia, Dagestan (?),; Western Siberia: Up- per Tobol, Irtysh, Altai Region; Soviet Central Asia: Aral-Caspian Region, Balkhash Region, Dzh.-Tarbagatai, Tien Shan. General distribution: Cen- tral Europe. Described from southern Europe and Siberia. Type in London. 20. V. komarovii Monjuschko in Bot. mat. Gerb. Glavn. bot. sada, V (1924) 114; Kom. and Alis. Opred. rast. Dalnevost. kr. II, 923; Harle in Bibl. Bot. 104, 28; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 393, 123—Ic.: Harle, l.c. tab. C., Abb. 14. Perennial. Stems up to 1 m tall, solitary, simple or branched in in- florescence, strong, cylindrical, glabrous below, sparsely pubescent above. Leaves opposite, erect, often appressed to stem, oblong-lanceolate or broad lanceolate, 6-14 cm long, 1.5-3.5 cm broad, acute, cuneate, middle and lower leaves sessile, amplexicaul and generally connivent, serrate, rarely doubly serrate or serrulate; lower leaves entire, sparsely puberulent be- neath along veins, glabrous above; upper leaves narrower, short-petiolate. Inflorescence pubescent, spicate, dense raceme, 6-30 cm long; flowers on pedicels equaling subulate bracts or slightly longer. Calyx 2—2.5 mm LL OOD OE eS SS ee ———— Plate XV. 1. Veronica laeta Kar. and Kir., upper portion of plant, corolla, capsule, seed.—2. V. septen- trionalis Boriss., upper portion of plant, corolla, capsule, seed.—3. V. linariifolia Pall., upper portion of plant, corolla, capsule, seed. 378 334 long, glabrous, 1/3 parted into deltoid-lanceolate, 1-veined lobes with cil- iate eglandular margin, 1/3 or 1/2 as long as capsule. Corolla about 6 mm long, sky-blue (blue), sometimes white (f. albiflora Hara), with short tube and broad flat limb; lobes oblong- subacute or obtuse, about 2.5 mm broad. Stamens exserted, with glabrous filaments, almost equaling style. Capsule slightly compressed, obcordate, slightly emarginate, with 1 longitudinal groove; style 12 mm long. Seeds oval, compressed. Flowering June to August. In broad-leaved forests, among bushy undergrowth, in forest meadows and valleys. Soviet Far East: Zeya-Bureya, Uda Region, Ussuri, Sakhalin. General distribution: Manchuria, Korea, Japan. Described from Bira River. Type in Leningrad. Series 5. Incanae Boriss.—Plants white-tomentose, later sometimes glabrescent, grayish green, eglandular. Leaves opposite. Racemes gener- ally solitary; flowers sessile or on 1-2 mm long pedicels. Bracts longer than pedicels. Capsule orbicular, broadly obovate or orbicular-reniform, equaling calyx or shorter, glabrous or subglabrous. Corolla pilose in throat, with ovate lobes. 21. V. incana L. Sp. pl. I (1753) 10; M.B. FI. taur.-cauc. I (1808) 7; Ill (1819) 9; C. Koch, Monogr. Veron. 28; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 466; Bge. in Ldb. FI. alt. I, 32; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 235; Boiss. FI. or. IV, 456; Pflanzenfam. IV, 3b, 85; Schmalh. Fl. II, 277; Wulff in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, XV, 75; Rompp in Fedde, Repert. Beih. L, 51; Harle in Bibl. Bot. 104, 44; Kom. and Alis. Opred. rast. Dalnevost. kr. II, 923; Sugawara, Pl. of Saghal. 278; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2444; Sug- awara, Illustr. Fl. Saghal. [V, 1647; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 395.—V. canescens Schrad. Comm. Veron. Spic. (1803) 19.—V. incana var. canescens (Schrad.) C. Koch, l.c. 28—V. neglecta Vahl, Enum. pl. I (1805) 59, 60.—V. incana b. neglecta (Vahl) Schmalh. Fl. II (1897) 278.—V. pallens Host, Fl. Austr. 1 (1827) 6; C. Koch, l.c—Ic.: Rchb. Ic. Fl. Germ. XX, tab. 219, 1840, f. III; Syreistsch. Ill. fl. Mosc. gub. III, 153; Vestn. Tifl. bot. sada, 28, fig. 3; Juel in Acta Horti Berg. 1, No. 5, tab. II, f. 24.—Exs.: GRF, Nos. 886, 730; Fl. pol. exs. No. 758; Fl. exs. austro-hung. No. 918. Perennial. Rootstock ascending, branched, woody. Stems 10(20)-45(60) cm tall, erect, strong, partially ascending, simple or spar- ingly branched. Plant grayish or white throughout, tomentose with matted, crispate and fine hairs, rarely greenish. Leaves opposite, slightly appressed to stem, obliquely erect, ovate to oblong and lanceolate-oblong, 1.5—10 cm long, 0.5—2 cm broad, entire above, remaining margin obscurely crenulate or subdentate, base cuneate; lower leaves connivent, rosettelike (leaves of- ten persisting in winter), ovate to oblong, with up to 2.5 mm long petioles, 379 335 crenulate-denticulate margin and obtuse or rounded apex; upper leaves oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate, with about 1 cm long petiole, subacute, subentire or entire; uppermost leaves sessile, reduced; all leaves white- tomentose on both surfaces or sometimes green above, rarely sparsely pubescent and greenish on both surfaces [var. neglecta (Vahl) Schmalh.]. Inflorescence terminal raceme, simple, rarely with 2 lateral branches, spi- cate, dense, 3—10(30) cm long, 1.2—1.5(2) cm broad, sometimes interrupted at base. Bracts lanceolate-linear or upper ones subulate, 2 times as long as pedicels, equaling or exceeding calyx, white-tomentose, eglandular. Flowers subsessile or on short pedicels, much shorter than calyx. Calyx 3-4 mm long, deeply incised into 4 unequal ovate-oblong or lanceolate subobtuse lobes, white-tomentose or gray-pubescent throughout. Corolla 4-7 mm across, rotate, blue, rarely white, almost 3 times as long as calyx, with broad tube, hairy inside, 1/2 as long as limb; corolla lobes subacute or acute, irregular, oblong-ovate to ovate (2 lateral ones) and broad ovate. Stamens erect, somewhat exserted; anthers about 1-2 mm long, ovoid. Capsule orbicular, ovate or orbicular reniform, (3)3-5(4) mm long and broad, with rounded or short-cuneate base, apically dehiscent, narrowly emarginate, puberulent, glabrous or subglabrous; style 1.5—3 times as long as capsule. Seeds 0.75 mm long, 0.5 mm broad, ovate, plano-convex or flat. May to August. On stony and steppe slopes, rocks, in dry pine forests, sometimes in alkaline meadows; in subalpine and alpine zones, on limestone and marl slopes and dry riverbeds.—Arctic Region: Anadyr (rare). European USSR: all regions except extreme north; Western Siberia: Upper Tobol, Ir- tysh, Altai Region; Eastern Siberia: Angara-Sayan, Dauria, Lena-Kolyma, Yenisey; Soviet Central Asia: Aral-Caspian Region, Balkhash Region, Dzh.-Tarbagatai, General distribution: Central Europe, Atlantic Europe, Korea, Japan. Described from Southern Russia. Type in London. Note. Hybrids with V. spicata (for example, along the Oka River in the Moscow suburbs) are often reported in the northern parts of the range of V. incana. Hybrids between V. incana and V. dahurica are reported from Trans-Baikal Region. 22. V. bellidifolia Juz. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, XIII (1950) 297, non V. spicata (3. bellidifolia Wallroth, Sched. crit. (1822) 5, non V. bellidifolia Rompp in Fedde, Repert. Beih. L, (1928) 3.—V. incana Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. (1851) 313, non L. Perennial. Rootstock long, branched. Plant 10—15(30) cm tall. Stem partially ascending, numerous, dense tomentose, slender. Cauline leaves opposite, mainly linear and linear-lanceolate, 1-5 cm long, 3-5 mm broad, erect, gradually narrowed toward base, sessile, or with 2-8(10) mm long petioles, subacute, entire; lower leaves spatulate, with longer petioles, 380 336 cuneate, obtuse; leaves on vegetative shoots crowded, with about 10 mm long petioles; all leaves tomentose, sometimes less pubescent above. In- florescence spicate raceme, 2-6 cm long, about 1 cm broad, dense or somewhat lax, sometimes interrupted in lower part, elongated and taper- ing in bud. Pedicels about 0.5 mm long, or flowers subsessile, elongated in fruit up to 2-3 mm. Bracts subulate, 3-4 mm long, lower bracts 7 mm long, slightly longer than calyx or as long as pedicel and calyx together, tomentose. Calyx 2—2.5 mm long, with short oblong or ovate lobes, to- mentose outside, glabrous inside. Corolla 3-4 mm long, with 3 ovate and 1 oblong, subobtuse lobes; tube pilose inside, about 2 mm long. Stamens long exserted. Style exserted, 2—3 times as long as calyx. Capsule ovate, scarcely longer than calyx, acute, finely glandular-puberulent, with persis- tent curved style,nearly 2 times as long as capsule. Seeds about 1 mm long, 0.5 mm broad, ovate, obtuse. Flowering June to July. In steppes, and sandy and rubbly areas, on mountain slopes, among rocks and debris.—Eastern Siberia: Angara-Sayan, Dauria. General dis- tribution: possibly in areas adjoining Mongolia. Described from vicinity of Krasnoyarsk. Type in Leningrad. Note. The forms most characteristic for Eastern Siberia are found in the vicinity of Lake Shiro (Minusinsk District) along the shores of Baikal, in the Tuva Region. The narrow-leaved, many-stemmed forms of V. incana s. 1. similar to those of the Trans-Baikal Region are observed on the sandy beds of the Don River. V. bellidifolia Juz., possibly, is the same as V. incana L. Ss. s. 23. V. hololeuca Juz. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, XIII (1950) 298.—V. incana M.B. FI. taur.-cauc. I (1808) 7; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 235 (quoad pl. taur.); Boiss. Fl. or. [V (1879) 456. p.p. and auct. omn. FI. taur. Perennial. Rootstock oblique, woody. Stem 10—25(30) cm tall, strong, partially ascending below, densely tomentose with white crispate hairs. Leaves 1.5—6 cm long, 8-20 mm broad; lower leaves connivent on short shoots, with broad, 1-2.5 cm long petioles, ovate or oblong, crenulate- denticulate; upper leaves with 0.5—1 cm long petioles, the uppermost ses- sile, reduced; cauline leaves oblong to lanceolate, cuneate, acute, white- tomentose on both surfaces. Inflorescence terminal raceme, 3—10 cm long, 1.3—-2 cm broad, compact, sometimes interrupted at base; flowers on short, tomentose pedicels, upper subsessile. Bracts lanceolate or linear, white- tomentose along with calyx. Calyx equaling or exceeding bracts, 3-5 mm long, with 4 unequal, ovate-oblong to lanceolate, obtuse lobes. Corolla up to 9 mm across, blue, with broad, 2-3 mm long tube; limb with 4 un- equal, subacute lobes. Stamens about 8 mm long, with thick filaments and orbicular-ovate, 1.2 mm long anthers. Style not exserted. Capsule shorter 381 337 than calyx, orbicular-reniform, emarginate, glabrous or subglabrous. June to August. Stony slopes and rocks, along beech forest edges, on high plateaus, dry stony riverbeds. European USSR: Crimea (Chatyrdag and Karabi-yaila mountains). Endemic. Described from Crimea. Type in Leningrad. Note. Very similar forms are reported from Kirovograd (Ukraine). Series 6. Spicatae Boriss——Plants subglabrous or somewhat puberu- lent or greenish, with somewhat rigid, patent hairs, glandular-hairy, some- times only intermixed with glandular hairs. Leaves opposite, sometimes alternate above, crenulate or obscurely crenate, entire at tip. Racemes often simple; flowers sessile or short-pedicellate. Bracts longer than pedicels. Capsule obovate or orbicular. Corolla lobes subacute. 24. V. spicata L. Sp. pl. 1 (1753) 10; M.B. Fl. taur.-cauc. I, 8; C. Koch, Monogr. Veron. 26; Benth in DC. Prodr. X, 466; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 233, p-p.; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 455, p.p.; Pflanzenfam. IV, 3b, 85; Schmalh. FI. II. 278; Wulff in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, XV, 71; Rompp in Fedde, Repert. Beih. L, 50, p.p.; Harle in Bibl. Bot. 104, 30, s. 1.; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 393; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2441; Stroh in Beith. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 394.—V. spicata a. vulgaris Koch, Syn. fl. Germ. (1838) 528; 3. latifo- lia Koch, l.c.; var. lancifolia Koch, |.c.—V. spicata 6.1. Koch, Monogr. Veron. (1833) 27.—V. hybrida L. Sp. pl. I (1753) 10.—V. galeopsifolia Gilib. FI. lith. I (1782) 104.—V. oppositifolia Gilib. Exercit. phyt. I (1792) 110.—V. nitens Host, Fl. Austr. I (1827) 7; C. Koch, l.c. 29.—V. sessil- ifolia Opiz, Nat. 9 (1824) 110.—V. menthaefolia Schott. in Roem. and Schult, Syst. veg. I (1817) 34.—V. psilophylla Nevski ex Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X (1939) 2442.—V. australis Schrad, Comm.-Veron. Spic. (1803) 15; C. Koch, l.c. 31—V. longebracteata Link, Enum. berl. I (1821) 20.—Pseudolysimachion spicatum Opiz, Seznam (1852) 80.—Cardia spi- cata Dulac, Fl. Hautes-Pyr. (1867) 392.—Hedystachys spicata Fourr. in Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, N. S. XVII (1869) 128.—Ic.: Rchb. Ic. fl. Germ. XX, tab. 92, 1713, f. 1; Fedtsch. and Fler. Fl. Evrop. berl. fig. 801; Syreistsch. Ill. fl. Mosk. gub. III, 152; Vestn. Tifl. bot. sada, 28, fig. 2; Javorka és Csapody, Iconogr. fl. Hung. f. 3307; Juel in Acta Horti Berg. 1, No. 5, tab. II, f. 25.—Exs.: GRF, No. 578; Pl. Finl. exs. No. 2078: FI. pol. exs. No. 60. Perennial. Rootstock slender, horizontal. Stems (10)15—50(75) cm tall, single or a few together, erect or ascending, strong, simple, grayish due to pubescence or green, sometimes glabrous in lower part, densely covered with short patent hairs, sometimes intermixed with glandular hairs, mainly on bracts, peduncles and calyx. Leaves 1.5-8.5 cm long, 0.3—3 cm broad, opposite, upper leaves alternate, sometimes lanceolate to linear; lower leaves oblong to ovate-orbicular, petiolate, with cuneate, rarely rounded 382 338 base, obtuse, with short-dentate-serrate margin or crenate, with pointed entire tip; upper leaves sessile, crenate or entire, subacute. Bracts linear- subulate, almost equaling calyx, glandular-hairy,.. Inflorescence terminal, simple, dense raceme 5—30 cm long, sometimes lateral racemes in up- per leaf axils; all racemes tapering upward. Pedicels villous or glandular- villous, generally shorter than calyx or flowers subsessile. Calyx ciliate, with 4 unequal, oblong, lanceolate lobes. Corolla bright sky-blue or blue, sometimes pink, violet or white, 6-7 mm long, with 4 patent, lanceolate lobes of unequal width, parted up to 2/3; corolla tube pilose inside, about 2 mm long..Stamens equaling or shorter than corolla, erect; anthers ovate. Capsule obovate or orbicular, bilobed, obtuse, 2-4 mm long and broad, retuse, sparsely pubescent with simple and glandular hairs, shorter than or equaling calyx; style 1.5—2 times as long as capsule. Seeds plano-convex, about 0.75 mm long, 0.5 mm broad, broad ovate, obtuse, smooth. June to October. In pine forests and steppes, rarely in high-mountain zone, on rub- bly slopes, in forest glades. European USSR: Dvina-Pechora, Baltic Re- gion, Ladoga-IImen, Upper Volga, Volga-Kama, Upper Dnieper, Middle Dnieper, Volga-Don, Trans-Volga Region, Upper Dniester, Bessarabia, Black Sea Region, Crimea, Lower Don, Lower Volga; Caucasus: Cis- caucasia, eastern Transcaucasia; Western Siberia: Altai Region, Upper To- bol; Eastern Siberia: Yenisei; Soviet Central Asia: Aral-Caspian Region, Balkhash Region, Dzh.-Tarbagatai, Tien Shan. General distribution: Scan- dinavia, Central Europe, Atlantic Europe, Mediterranean Region, Dzh.- Kashgar (?). Described from Northern Europe. Type on London. Note. In the Southern Urals, the narrow- and sharp-leaved form with a short, narrow inflorescence is common. The hybrid V. spicata x V. longifolia (Schmalh. Fl. II, 278) has been observed. 25. V. Porphyriana Pavl. in Vestn. Akad. Nauk KazSSR, 4 (1951) 92; 6, 42.—V. spicata var. viscosissima Kar. and Kir. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XIV (1841) 721; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2442.—V. krylovii Pavl. in sched. non Schischk. (1939).—V. viscosa Pall. ex Link, Jahrb. 3 (1820) 34.—V. glandulifera Opiz, Nat. (1825) 110—V. euxina Turill in Journ. Bot. LXIII (1925) 161, p.p.; Kryl. l.c.; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 395.—V. spicata d) V. euxina Turill ex Harle in Bibl. Bot. 104 (1932) 40 p.p. —Ic.: Pavl. lc. 4, fig. 25. Perennial. Rootstock rather long, creeping, woody, 5-8 cm long, 2-3 mm broad; roots slender, numerous. Plant dark green, dense glandular- pubescent, viscid. Stem often single, simple, 15-35 cm tall, densely cov- ered with patent, glandular hairs. Leaves opposite, sometimes upper leaves alternate; lower leaves connivent, petiolate; petioles 1—2.5 cm long; middle and upper cauline leaves sessile, broadly elliptical or oblong-ovate, 3-6 cm 383 939 long, 1.5-2 cm broad, cuneate, subobtuse, with crenate-dentate margin, glandular-pubescent, densely beneath and diffuse on upper surface; up- per leaves lanceolate, pointed. Racemes terminal, spicate, dense, compact, somewhat thick, 4-15 cm long, 1.5—2 cm broad, after flowering obtuse or short-pointed, often simple; flowers sessile or subsessile with very short pedicels. Bracts narrowly lanceolate, 1.5 times as long as pedicels and calyx, densely glandular-hairy. Calyx parted almost up to base into lance- olate, acuminate, densely glandular-pubescent lobes, 3.54 mm long, with long-ciliate margin. Corolla deep blue, 8-10 mm long, parted up to 2/3 into 4 oblong-lanceolate, equal or subequal, acute lobes; corolla tube 1/3 of corolla length, pilose inside. Stamens included; anthers bluish. Capsule 3-3.5 mm long, obovate, retuse above, densely glandular-pubescent. July to August. In subalpine zone. Western Siberia: Altai Region; Soviet Central Asia: Dzh.-Tarbagatai, Tien Shan. General distribution: (?) Dzh.- Kashgar. De- scribed from Trans-Ili Ala-Tau. Type on Alma-Ata. 26. V. barrelieri Schult. in Rom. and Schult. Syst. veg. I (1817) 94; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 395.—V. hybrida M.B. FI. taur.-cauc. I (1808) 8; III (1819) 9, non L.; Stroh, l.c. 395.—V. spicata B. and 7+. C. Koch, Monogr. Veron. (1833) 27.—V. spicata 6. setulosa Koch, Syn. fl. Germ. I (1838) 528; Ldb. FI. Ross. III, 234; €. cristata Koch, |.c. p.p.—V. spicata 3. hybrida Koch, in Linnaea, XXII-XXIV (1848) 688.—V. spicata b. barrelieri (Schult.) Schmalh. FI. II (1897) 278; Harle in Bibl. Bot. 104, 31.—V. sp. ssp. transcaucasica Bordz. in Byull. Kievsk. bot. sada V—-VI (1927) 138. —V. andrashovskyi Jav. in Bot. Kozl. 19 (1920) 26.—V. setulosa Koch, Syn. I (1838) 528.—V. transcaucasica Bordz. ex Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III (1932) 393; Stroh, l.c. 395—V. steppacea Kotov in Tr. Sil’sk.-gosp. bot. 1, 3 (1927) 33, nomen; Bot. Zhurn. Akad. Nauk URSR, vol. XI, 3, 80.—Ic.: Javorka és Csapody, Iconogr. fl. Hung. f. 3306; Harle, l.c. tab. XIV; Syreistsch. Ill. fl. Mosk. gub. III, 152. ‘Perennial. Stem suberect or ascending, 20-50 cm tall, simple, gray- pubescent with patent, eglandular, long, articulate hairs, especially in up- per part, subglabrous below. Leaves broad, 1-6.5 cm long, up to 2 cm broad, oblong-ovate to lanceolate; lower leaves ovate, subobtuse, with cordate or cuneate base, with short winged petioles, or upper leaves sub- sessile, with unequally serrate-dentate margin, pubescent on both surfaces. narrower, with entire tip. Inflorescence terminal, 5-20 cm long, many- flowered, dense, spicate raceme, lateral racemes appearing sometimes in axils of upper opposite leaves. Bracts linear-lanceolate, lower ones exceed- ing flowers, upper scarcely equaling calyx, with long-ciliate margin. Flow- ers subsessile or on short pedicels, 1/2 as long as calyx. Calyx 4-partite, 2-4 cm long, with lanceolate lobes with long-ciliate margin; upper lobes 384 385 340 shorter. Corolla blue, 7-8 mm long, with short, erect, smooth tube, hairy in throat; limb longer than tube, with 4 erect, oblong-lanceolate, subobtuse or subacute lobes; upper lobe broader, ovate-oblong, acute, erect; lower 3 lobes spreading, divergent, subacute or obtuse. Stamens exserted, erect, with ovate anthers, shorter than style. Stigma slightly thickened. Cap- sule orbicular, slightly compressed, about 2—2.5 cm in diameter, glabrous, slightly exceeding calyx. Seeds planoconvex, minute, smooth, ovate. June to August. Dry slopes, stony areas and slopes on granite of foothills —European USSR: Bessarabia, Black Sea Region, Crimea, Lower Don; Caucasus: Eastern and Southern Caucasus. General distribution: Mediterranean Re- gion, Balkan States-Asia Minor. Described from Europe. Type in Berlin. Note. N.I. Kusnezow reports f. buschii Kusnez. (V. orchides var. buschii (Kusnez.) Troizky), with yellow flowers and linear-lanceolate lobes—from Georgia. 27. V. orchidea Crantz, Stirp. Austr. ed. 2, f. [IV (1767) 333; Roem. and Schult. Syst. veg. I, 94; C.A.M. Verzeichn. 105; C. Koch, Monogr. Veron. 28; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 455; Pflanzenfam. IV, 3b, 85; Harle in Bibl. Bot. 104, 38; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 395; Grossh. Opred. rast Kavk. 315.—V. spicata var. orchidea (Crantz) Schmalh. Fl. II (1879) 278; Fedtsch. and Fler. Fl. Evrop. Ross. (1910) 860.—V. spicata ssp. carpatica Dostal, Kvetena CSR (1950) 1305.—V. cristata Bernh. Ehren- preiss. (1806) 14.—V. spicata var. cristata Bernh. l|.c.; Koch, Syn. fl. Germ., 528; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 234—Pseudolysimachion cristatum Opiz in Lotos, [TV (1854) 45.—Ic.: Rchb. Ic. fl. Germ. tab. 92, 1713, f. II; Ja- vorka es Csapody, Iconogr. fl. Hung. f. 3308; Syreistsch. Ill. fl. Mosk. gub. Ill, 152.—Exs.: Fl. Stir. exs. No. 1045; Fl. exs. austro-hung. No. 156 and No. 155; Fl. exs. Reipubl. Boh.-Slov. No. 880; Fl. Hung. exs. No. 457. Perennial. Rootstock somewhat slender, woody, with numerous fibrous roots. Plant 30-60 cm tall. Stem erect, simple, rarely branched, glabrous in lower part, glandular-pubescent above, with patent, soft-gray tomentum, dry stems blackening. Leaves opposite, lower ones petiolate, oblong-ovate, or ovate obtuse; upper cauline leaves oval to lanceolate, sessile or short-petiolate, subacute or subobtuse, upper surface shin- ing, glabrous beneath, margin serrulate or crenate-dentate, entire at tip; floral leaves subsessile. Inflorescence long terminal raceme, simple or 3-5- branched, appearing from upper leaf axils. Lower bracts exceeding flowers, upper nearly equaling calyx. Flowers subsessile. Pedicels much shorter than calyx. Calyx pubescent with mainly glandular hairs, lobes ovate, shorter than corolla. Corolla pale blue, blackening when dry, with linear, pointed, connivent lobes, twisted in lower part, throat pilose inside. Stamens included; anthers ovoid, about 1.5 mm long. Capsule patently 386 341 pilose, extremely glandular, orbicular, hard, with small sinus. Seeds planoconvex, oblong, 0.75 mm long, 0.3 mm broad. May to September. On dry slopes of foothills and mountains, up to subalpine zone, in steppes and forest-steppes, less often in open forests. European USSR: Upper Dniester, Upper Dnieper, Middle Dnieper, Volga-Don, Bessarabia, Black Sea Region, Lower Don; Caucasus: Ciscaucasia, Dagestan, western Transcaucasia. General distribution: Central Europe, Balkan States-Asia Minor. Described from Western Europe. Type in Vienna. Series 7. Alatavicae Boriss.—Plants grayish due to fine crispate hairs or greenish. Leaves opposite, short-petiolate, with large-toothed margin. Inflorescence elongated raceme, sometimes spicate-paniculate. Pedicels short. Bracts linear, exceeding pedicels and calyx. Capsule pubescent at tip, orbicular-obovate. Corolla white, yellow when dry. 28. V. alatavica M. Pop. in Byull. Mosk. obsch. isp. prir. XVII (1938) 87; Pavl. in Vestn. Akad. Nauk KazSSR 6, 42. Perennial. Rootstock branched, large, woody. Stems generally nu- merous, partially ascending, erect, 30-50 cm tall, cylindrical, simple or very rarely branched, grayish due to fine crispate hairs. Leaves oppo- site, petiolate, petioles about 0.5 mm long, upper surface pubescent with short, crispate hairs, densely so beneath or subglabrous, oblong-lanceolate or oblong, cuneate, acute or acuminate, with coarsely dentate or ser- rate margin, 3-5 cm long, 0.8—2 cm broad; upper leaves smaller; re- duced shoots with few small leaves appearing in leaf axils. Inflores- cence spicate, elongated raceme, 4-15 cm long, dense and cylindrical, generally simple and terminal; sometimes lateral racemes appearing in leaf axils along with terminal raceme, forming almost paniculate inflo- rescence, similar to that of V. spuria and V. longifolia, raceme some- times interrupted at base. Bracts linear, exceeding pedicels, longer than calyx, pubescent. Flowers on short, puberulent pedicels shorter than ca- lyx and bracts, or subsessile. Calyx 4-partite, 1/4-1/3 united at base, with 3 linear and 1 lanceolate, 2~3 mm long lobes, acute, short-crispate and short-ciliate along margin. Corolla white (yellow when dry), about 5 mm long, almost 1/2 its length united into tube, pilose inside; corolla lobes spreading, posterior lobes oblong-lanceolate, anterior lanceolate- linear, subobtuse or subacute. Stamens exserted; anthers orbicular, slightly diverging at base. Style filiform, shorter or longer than corolla, with scat- tered white hairs throughout. Stigma capitellate. Ovary oblong, hairy at tip. Capsule orbicular-obovate, inflated, about 3 mm long, pubescent at tip, with obscure groove; style exceeding capsule. Seeds (?). July to August. On dry steppe slopes at 2500-2600 m.—Central Asia: Tien Shan. Endemic. Described from Trans-Ili Ala-Tau. Type in Alma-Ata. 389 342 Series 8. Pinnatae Boriss—Plants glandular-pubescent; gray- pubescent or glabrous. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, narrowly linear to linear-lanceolate and oblong, pinnatipartite or entire, dentate or smooth- edged. Inflorescence often simple, dense, spicate raceme, sometimes lateral racemes present. Flowers sessile or pedicellate, equaling or exceeding calyx. Capsule orbicular-reniform to oblong-ovate. 29. V. linariifolia Pall. ex Link, Jahrb. 3 (1820) 35; C. Koch, Monogr. Veron. 27; Harle in Bibl. Bot. 104, 25; Turcz. Cat. baic.-dah. No. 869; Kom and Alis. Opred. rast. Dalnevost. kr. II, 923; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 392.—V. spuria auct. p.p.: Rompp in Fedde, Repert. Beih. L, 48; Harle, l.c. 1—V. spuria 8. Ldb. Fl. Ross. III (1847-1849) 231.—V. angustifolia Fisch. Cat. hort. Gorenk. (1812) 9, nom. nudum, non Bernhardi (1806) nec S.F. Gray (1821); Link, Enum. I, 19.—V. car- tilaginea Ldb. FI alt. I (1829) 28; C. Koch, l.c. 28;—V. incisa Schrad. in Ait. Hort. Kew. I (1789) 19—V. rubicunda Ldb. l.c.; C. Koch, l.c. 29.—V. rubella Pall. ex Link, Jahrb. 3 (1820) 38.—V. serrulata Pall. ex Link, l.c. 38; C. Koch, l.c. 26—V. galactites Hance in Ann. Sc. Nat. 5, 5 (1866) 232.—V. paniculata 3. angustifolia Benth. in DC. Prodr. (1846) 465, p.p.—V. paniculata Mig. in Ann. Mus. Lugd-Bat. I (1865) 119.—V. spuria var. angustifolia Makino in Tokyo Bot. Mag. X (1896) 252; XIII (1899) 112—Veronicastrum. laciniatum Moench, Meth. pl. Suppl. (1802) 158—Veronicastrum incisum Moench, l.c. 158 p.p—Ic.: Ldb. Ic. Fl. Ross. III, I, tab. 208, 210. Perennial. Roots slender, numerous, fibrous, short. Stem erect or partially ascending, slender, 25-50 cm tall, hirsute with short, antrorse hairs. Leaves opposite or alternate, narrowly linear or lanceolate-linear, sometimes lanceolate, green, serrulate or denticulate, with entire cuneate base, with 5-10(15) mm long petioles; terminal leaves acute or subacute, 2.5—6 cm long, 2—10(20) mm broad, puberulent or subglabrous, with scat- tered hairs on midrib, mainly at base. Raceme long, dense, 7—25(40) cm long, 1.5—2 cm broad, terminal, simple or rarely branched. Bracts narrow, 4—5 mm long. Pedicels slender, 2-5 mm long, with short, rigid hairs; flowers numerous, lower ones spaced. Calyx 3-4 mm long, with subacute, lanceolate lobes united at base, subglabrous, with short-ciliate margin. Corolla blue, reddish, white or light lilac, 5-7 mm long, pilose in throat, with 1.5—2 mm long broad tube; limb with 3 obtuse, ovate and 1 orbicular lobes. Stamens exserted, with oblong, diverging anthers, 1.5 mm long. Style long, about 7 mm, filiform, with small capitate stigma. Capsule orbicular-reniform, about 3 mm long, 4 mm broad, glabrous, slightly notched at tip, with persistent, curved, long style. Seeds 0.75—1 mm long, 0.5—0.75 mm broad, orbicular-ovate, planoconvex, smooth, dorsally keeled. June to August. (Plate XV, fig. 3). 390 343 In forest meadows, short-grass meadows, shrubby undergrowths, sometimes in steppes, pine forests, also on dry slopes.—Eastern Siberia: Angara-Sayan, Dauria, Lena-Kolyma (Vitim and Mui river basins); Soviet Far East: Zeya-Bureya, Uda Region, Ussuri. General distribution: Mon- golia, China, Japan- Described from Dauria. Type in Berlin. Note. Plants with broadly lanceolate leaves, densely pubescent stems and petioles, and large flowers (var. balicalensis Boriss.) are found near Lake Baikal (Kultuk). 30. V. laeta Kar. and Kir. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XV (1842) 414; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 464; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 230; Rompp in Fedde, Repert. Beih. L, 49; Harle in Bibl. Bot. 104 (1932) 30; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 445; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 394.—Ic.: Harle, l.c. tab. C—Exs.: HFAM, No. 165; Ed. Hort. bot. Petrop. No. 48. Perennial. Rootstock thick, multi-headed, woody. Stems numerous, erect, simple, sometimes branched, (15)25—55(100) cm tall, woody at base, sometimes rather densely covered with very short, appressed hairs, or sub- glabrous. Leaves. alternate or a few connivent, generally slightly curved, linear to oblong-lanceolate, 1-5 cm long, 0.5—4 mm broad; sometimes all leaves or often lower ones with narrow, unequal, coarse teeth; sometimes all or upper leaves entire and linear, narrowed into short petiole sparsely covered with short hairs or subglabrous. Inflorescence terminal raceme, 4-20 cm long; sometimes short lateral racemes appearing in upper leaf axils. Pedicels 1.5-2 mm long. Bracts linear, entire. Calyx 1-3 mm long, 1/2 parted into oblong-ovate or lanceolate, acute, unequal 4 lobes with short-ciliate, sometimes glandular-ciliate margin. Corolla blue, whitish or lilac-colored, 2.5-6 mm across, with irregular limb, tube densely pilose in- side, almost equaling limb. Stamens twice as long as corolla limb; anthers oblong. Capsule obovate or orbicular, not compressed, 3-5 mm long and broad, 2 times as long as calyx, very shallow sinus with narrow cuneate notch at base, glabrous, smooth; Style long, 2—3 times as long as capsule. Seeds oblong, 1.5-2 mm long, 0.5—1 mm broad. June to July. (Plate XV, igs Dy): On stony slopes, in rocky places, steppes, sandy areas, from foothills to 2400 m—Soviet Central Asia: Balkhash Region, Tien Shan (western side), Dzh.-Tarbagatai. General distribution: Dzh.-Kashgar, Mongolia. De- scribed from Sarkhan River. Type in Leningrad. 31. V. arenosa (Serg.) Boriss. comb. nov.—V. laeta Kar. and Kir. var. arenosa Serg. Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X (1939) 2446. Perennial. Plant densely gray-tomentose due to short curved hairs, with woody roots. Stems numerous, woody below, 30-40 cm tall. Leaves alternate, often crowded, straight or curved, upper leaves linear, lanceolate, 344 391 345 lower opposite, oblong to lanceolate, broader in upper part, sparsely denticulate, often entire, subacute, gradually narrowed toward base, pubescent on both surfaces, somewhat thick. Raceme 3-8 cm long, narrow. Pedicels erect, about 1—1.5 cm long. Bracts filiform, shorter than pedicels. Calyx 1-1.5 mm long, 1/2 to 2/3 divided into ovate and oblong-ovate, acute, densely pubescent lobes. Corolla blue or sky-blue nearly 1/2 its length united into tube; limb hairy inside, with 4 oblong dissimilar lobes. Stamens exserted, anthers orbicular. Capsule up to 3 mm long, orbicular- cordate, slightly compressed, 2 times as long as calyx, glabrous, with narrow sinus; style 2—3 times as long as capsule. Seeds oblong, slightly concave on one side, smooth, about 1.5 mm long and 1 mm broad. July. In sandy places. Western Siberia: Altai (southern part); Soviet Central Asia: Balkhash Region (Zaisan District). Endemic. Possibly grows in. ad- joining Sinkiang. Described from sands of Akkum in Zaisan Depression. Type in Leningrad. 32. V. sessiliflora Bge. ex Ldb. FI. alt. I (1829) 32; C. Koch, Monogr. Veron. 34; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 464; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 230; Kryl. FI. Zap. Sib. X, 2447.—V. pinnata var. sessiliflora (Bge.) Harle in Bibl. Bot. 104 (1932) 30; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 393.—Ic.: Ldb. Ic. pl. fl. Ross. II, tab. 126. Perennial. Roots fibrous, short. Plant erie maa Stems erect or partially ascending, simple, 10—30 cm tall, few. Leaves alternate, lower leaves connivent in pairs, opposite, linear-lanceolate or oblong, 10-20 mm long, 3-7 mm broad, deeply pinnatipartite, but not reaching midrib, into oblong or lanceolate, subobtuse segments; upper leaves linear, almost entire; lower leaves petiolate. Inflorescence single terminal raceme, very dense and compact. Bracts linear, acute, exceeding calyx. Flowers subses- sile or pedicels 1/3—1/2 as long as calyx. Calyx about 2 mm long, divided up to 2/3 or almost to base, densely glandular-pubescent with lanceolate lobes. Corolla light blue, about 4.5 mm long, up to 1/2 united into tube, with oblong-lanceolate lobes. Stamens exserted; anthers ‘orbicular. Cap- sule (immature) oblong-ovate, cordate, with small sinus, glandular-hairy; style filiform, 3-4 times as long calyx, persistent in fruit. July. Plate XVI. Veronica tenuissima Boriss. general appearance of plant, capsule, seed —2. V. cardiocarpa (Kar. and Kir.) Walpers, general appearance of plant, capsule, seed —3. V. karatavica Pavl., general appearance of plant, seed —4. V. bucharica B. Fedtsch., general appearance of plant, capsule, seed.—5. V. biloba L., general appearance of plant, capsule, seed.—6. V. stylophora M. Pop., general appearance of plant, seed. 392 346 Desert-steppe valleys and slopes. Western Siberia: Altai Region (Kurai and Chuya rivers, in vicinity of Lower Uimon). Endemic. Described from Kurai and Chuya rivers. Type in Leningrad. 33. V. pinnata L. Mant. I (1767) 24; Koch, Monogr. Veron. 34; Benth. in DC Prodr. X, 464; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 230; Rompp in Fedde Repert. Beih. L. 49, p.p.; Harle in Bibl. Bot. 104, 29; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2446; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 393. V. pinnatifida Salisb. Prodr. (1796) 90.—V. incisa Soland in Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1 (1789) 19, non Schrad.—Veronicastrum incisum Moench, Meth. pl. Suppl. (1802) 158 p.p.—lIc.: Harle, |.c. tab. C. Abb. 15; Juel in Acta Horti Berg. 1 No. 5, tab. II, f. 23. Perennial. Roots woody. Stems erect or partially ascending, numer- ous, woody near base. Plant pubescent throughout with short, appressed, upcurved hairs. Leaves 1-3 cm long, 0.5-2 mm broad, all, or almost all pinnately parted into linear or filiform, sometimes separate lanceolate lobes, often pubescent with short, curved and appressed hairs, rarely sub- glabrous; leaf axils with reduced shoots with smaller entire leaves, often linear or filiform. Raceme terminal, dense, 10-30 cm long. Pedicels al- most equaling calyx or longer. Bracts linear, exceeding pedicels. Calyx 2—2.5 mm long, up to 2/3 incised into 4 lanceolate or ovate, acute lobes. Corolla sky-blue, sometimes white or pinkish, 5-7 mm long, up to 1/2 united into tube, hairy inside; limb irregular, with subobtuse, ovate lobes of different width. Stamens with erect filaments, scarcely exserted. Capsule 3-5 mm long, 3-4 mm broad, obovate, slightly cuneate at base, slightly longer than calyx, smooth, glabrous, slightly compressed on sides, with acute sinus at tip; style 2-3 times as long as capsule, persistent in fruit, filiform and curved. Seeds about 1 mm long, 0.5 mm broad, ovate, slightly narrowed toward one side, with obtuse tip. June to July. Stony and rubbly slopes, steppe regions.—Western Siberia: Altai Re- gion, Irtysh. Soviet Central Asia: Balkhash Region, Dzh.-Tarbagatai; East- ern Siberia: Angara-Sayan. General distribution: Mongolia. Described from ‘Siberia’. Type in London. Section 3. Omphalospora Bess. Enum. pl. Volh. (1821) 85, nomen, Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 485, p.p. Cochlidiospermum Rchb. Fl. Germ. exsc. (1830-1832) 365.—Diplophyllum Lehm. in Ges. Nat. Fr. Berl. Mag. VIII (1814) 310 p.p.—Flowers solitary, in axils of floral leaves, distinctly pedicellate, pedicels often nodding in fruit, crowded in terminal spicate- paniculate inflorescence. Calyx 4-partite or 2-partite, with lobes united in pairs. Corolla with very short tube, rotate. Capsule strongly laterally compressed, with valves adnate with placental column or later 2-partite, free. Seeds generally numerous, scaphoid or patelloid, oblong or orbicular, smooth or rugose. Cauline leaves opposite, sometimes in single whorl; 393 347 floral leaves alternate, similar to cauline leaves or upper ones different. Annuals, with slender roots, often very delicate. Series 1. Bilobae Lehm. Zeitschr. Bot. II (1910) 586, gruppe, p.p.—Floral leaves different or similar to cauline leaves. Raceme lax or inflorescence paniculate-racemose. Pedicels filiform, recurved in fruit. Calyx lobes short-connate in pairs, ovate or lanceolate to linear. Cap- sule with broad or narrow sinus, bilobed. Seeds smooth or rugose, keeled. 34. V. biloba L. Mant. II (1771) 172; M.B. FI. taur.-cauc. MIS: Koch, Monogr. Veron. 14; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 485; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 252, p.p.; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 464; Pflanzenfam. IV, 3b, 85; Wulff in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, XV, 137; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2452; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 390; Rompp in Fedde, Repert. Beih. L, 80; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 402.—V. biloba var. platysepala Trautv. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. (1866) 440.—V. elbursensis Boiss. Diagn. pl. or. 1, 12 (1853) 46.—Ic.: Rchb. Ic. bot. Cent. VII, 645; Vestn. Tifl. bot. sada, 28, fig. 21.—Exs:.: HFAM, No. 159. Annual. Roots slender. Plant sparsely pubescent with rigid hairs, 5-20(30) cm tall. Stem simple or branched in lower part, erect. Leaves all opposite, entire, oblong to broadly lanceolate, 5—15(20) mm long, 2-5(10) mm broad, lower ones short-petiolate, upper sessile, acuminate, entire or with sparsely serrate-dentate margin, scattered hairy or glabrous, base cuneate, or rounded in upper leaves. Bracts lanceolate or oblong- lanceolate, subobtuse or acute, entire, slightly shorter than or equaling pedicels, narrowed toward base. Inflorescence elongated, lax; flowers in upper leaf axils on filiform, spreading pedicels, sometimes elongated in fruit. Calyx glandular-hairy, with 4 ovate or oblong-lanceolate, acute lobes, united at base in pairs, with 3 rather distinct veins. Corolla blue, sky-blue or white, 1.5—2 mm long, 1/2 as long as calyx. Stamens included. Cap- sule laterally compressed, slightly shorter than or 2/3 as long as calyx, 3-4 mm long, 4-5 mm broad, broadly obcordate, glandular-hairy, divided almost up to base into oblong lobes, rounded at tips, with deep sinus; style included, 0.4-0.9 mm broad. Seeds 14 in locule, ovate, with scaphoid si- nus, generally obscurely transversely rugose, pale yellowish, 1.2-1.5 mm long. April to July (Plate XVI, fig. 5). In desert-steppes, on rubbly mountain slopes, in rocky places, up to alpine zone, sometimes in wastelands. Caucasus: Dagestan, eastern and southern Transcaucasia; Western Siberia: Altai Region; Soviet Central Asia: Balkhash Region, Aral-Caspian Region, Dzh.-Tarbagatai, mountain- ous Turkmenia, Syr Darya, Pamiro-Alai, Tien Shan. General distribution: Balkan States-Asia Minor, Armenia-Kurdistan, Iran, India-Himalayas. De- scribed from Asia Minor. Type in London. 348 35. V. chantavica Pavl. in Vestn. Akad. Nauk KazSSR 5 (1952) 92.—Ic.: Pavl. l.c. fig. 30. Annual. Stem cylindrical, 5-10 cm tall, slender, often branched from base; branches flexuous, very slender, sparsely pubescent in lower part with soft crispate and glandular hairs; stem glabrous above and along branches. Leaves opposite, lanceolate, often in 3 pairs, lower leaves petio- late, others subsessile; lamina narrowed at base, obtuse, glabrous on both surfaces, entire or rarely remotely crenate. Inflorescence 4-7 cm long, 1—1.5 cm broad. Pedicels filiform, 5-6 mm long in fruit, erect. Bracts linear-lanceolate, slightly shorter than pedicels at fruiting stage. Calyx 4- partite almost to base, with lanceolate lobes, 3-4 mm long, acuminate, gen- erally 3-nerved, glabrous, not ciliate. Corolla shorter than calyx, sky-blue. Capsule obovate-cordate, 2.5—3 mm long, notched almost 3/4, glabrous, not ciliate. Style 1/4—1/3 as long as sinus. Seeds scaphoid, 1—1.2 mm long, yellow, transversely rugose under magnifying lens. May to June. On dry rubbly low-mountain areas. Soviet Central Asia: Tien Shan (Chu-Ili low-mountain region). Endemic. Described from Chu-Ili Moun- tains. Type in Alma-Ata. Isotype in Moscow. Note. N.V. Pavlov has reported var. hirtella Pavl., distinguished by the presence of glandular hairs on the upper parts of the plant. This is a form transitional to the allied V. argute-serrata Rgl. and Schmalh. 36. V. argute-serrata Rgl. and Schmalh. in Tr. Peterb. bot. sada, V, 2 (1877) 626; Pavl. in Vestn. Akad. Nauk KazSSR, 6, 48.—V. campylopoda Rompp in Fedde, Repert. Beih. L (1928) 80, non Boiss.; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 402. p.p—Exs.: HFAM, No. 157. Annual. Plant 5-25 cm tall, with slender roots, covered with dis- tant simple, long hairs, intermixed with glandular hairs in inflorescence. Stem erect. Leaves entire, short-petiolate; Lower leaves opposite, some- times alternate, cuneate-lanceolate to ovate, 15S—25(40) mm long, 8-12 mm broad, acute, sometimes sharply incised, serrate-denticulate; floral leaves sometimes similar to cauline leaves. Inflorescence lax, racemose; flowers axillary, on filiform pedicels, almost equaling or exceeding bracts, arcuate- upcurved after flowering. Calyx 4-partite almost to base, with broad ellip- tical or oblong-lanceolate lobes at flowering stage, (5)7—11 mm long, en- tire, mucronate, generally 3-nerved mainly glandular-hairy or subglabrous; calyx lobes spreading in fruit, exceeding capsule. Corolla 3-4 mm long, pale sky-blue. Capsule compressed, 2/3 divided into lobes, with acute deep sinus, densely hirsute; lobes ovate, erect, twice as long as style; capsule locules often with 3 seeds. Seeds ovate- oblong, scaphoid, almost smooth or obscurely pilulose. Flowering March to June. In foothills and mountains, on steppe slopes up to upper forest edges, sometimes near snow patches, at altitude of 1500-3000 m. Caucasus: 395 349 Southern Transcaucasia; Soviet Central Asia: Dzh.-Tarbagatai, mountain- ous Turkmenia, Syr Darya, Pamiro-Alai, Tien Shan. General distribution: Armenia-Kurdistan, Dzh.-Kashgar (Kuldzha), India-Himalayas. Described from Karakol River Valley in Ala-Tau Mountains. Type in Leningrad. 37. V. bornmiulleri Hausskn. in Mitth. Bot. Ver. Thuring. [IX (1891) 20; Rompp in Fedde, Repert. Beih. L, 80; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 390; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 403.—V. bartsiaefolia Boiss. Fl. or. IV (1879) 464.—V. biloba var. glandulissima Bornm. in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. XXII (1907) 112.—V. biloba ssp. bornmilleri (Hausskn.) Wulff in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, XV (1915) 133. Annual. Plant branched from base, 5—10 cm tall. Stem crispate-hairy. Leaves petiolate, opposite, ovate, 1.5—3 cm long, 0.7—2 cm broad, with short cuneate-rounded base, sparsely large-toothed, subglabrous, with scat- tered hairs mainly along margin. Pedicels somewhat reflexed, recurved, shorter than bracts. Bracts lanceolate, dentate. Calyx glandular, with scat- tered short hairs, broad ovate, lobes united almost to middle, distinctly 3-nerved, with short-ciliate remotely denticulate margin; calyx lobes some- times entire. Capsule shorter than calyx, puberulent, with irregular ovate, obtuse lobes, connate almost near base. Seeds 34 in locule, oblong, about 1.5 mm long, 1 mm broad, narrowed at one end with recurved undulate margin, dorsally tuberculate-undulate. May to June. In mountains up to alpine zone, at 1600-1700 m. Caucasus: South- ern Transcaucasia. General distribution: Balkan States-Asia Minor, Iran, Armenia-Kurdistan. Described from Akdag. Isotype in Leningrad. 38. V. karatavica Pav. ex Nevski in Tr. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 4 (1937) 320; Pavl. in Vestn. Akad. Nauk KazSSR, 6, 48.—V. karatavien- sis Pavlov in Sov. bot. 1 (1934) 27, nomen. Annual. Stem erect, slender, branched, generally terminating into many-flowered racemose inflorescence. Stem and leaves densely pubescent with, long, glandular hairs. Leaves generally in one pair, oblong, acumi- nate, 8-12 mm long, 3-4 mm broad, with crenate margin, opposite, sometimes alternate, entire. Raceme lax, terminal; floral leaves dissimilar from cauline, lanceolate, 1/2—2/3 as long as pedicels. pedicels in fruit erect-arcuate, exceeding bracts and calyces, slender. Calyx lobes at anthe- sis broadly elliptical or ovate-oblong, mucronate, generally with 3 distinct nerves. Corolla slightly exceeding calyx, 2.5-3.5 mm long, sky-blue. Capsule less than 2/3 divided, with deep sinus, densely pubescent, with oblong-oval lobes, diverging at acute angle; style filiform, equaling sinus. Flowering April to July (Plate XVI, fig. 3). Along upper edges of juniper forest zone.—Soviet Central Asia: Tien Shan (Karatau Range), Pamiro-Alai (Kugitang Range). Endemic. 396 397 350 39. V. nevski Boriss. nom. nov.—V. perpusilla nevski in Tr. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1, 4 (1937) 320, non Boiss.; B. Fedtsch. in Fl. Turkm. VI, 276. Biennial. Plant 1—-1.5 cm tall, glandular-pubescent throughout. Stem simple, slendeA. Leaves petiolate, ovate, oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, 1.5—-5 mm long, 1-2.5 mm broad, subobtuse, entire. Flowers 1-4 in lax racemes, pedicels divergent, up to 3.5 mm long in fruit. Calyx lobes lance- olate, long tapering, 3 mm long, 1 mm broad, connate in pairs at base. Corolla camelia-blue. Capsule reniform, 2.75 mm broad, about 2 mm long, glandular-pubescent, with orbicular-ovate lobes, connate up to 1/2 its length. Style 1/2 as long as sinus. Seeds not known. Flowering, fruiting June. In damp high-mountain meadows near snowbanks.—Soviet Central Asia: Pamiro-Alai (Kugitang Range), Endemic. Described from Kugitang Range. Type in Leningrad. Series 2. Rubrifoliae Boriss.—Floral leaves dissimilar from cauline. Inflorescence lax, paniculate. Pedicels long, reflexed, pointing upward. Calyx lobes united in pairs at base or almost to middle, ovate or oblong.—Capsule lobes connate nearly up to apex. Seeds deeply cyathiform, smooth. 40. V. rubrifolia Boiss. Diagn. pl. or. I, 12 (1853) 46; FI. or. IV, 465; Rompp in Fedde, Repert. Beih. L, 66; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 399.—V. ferganica M. Pop. in Tr. Turkest. Gos. univ. 4 (1922) 64; Stroh, l.c. 403; Pavl. in Vestn. Akad. Nauk KazSSR, 6, 49.—Ic.: M. Pop. Lc. fig. 4—Exs.: HFAM, No. 163. Annual. Roots slender, poorly developed. Plant 1-7 cm tall, often reddish, pilose, glandular-hairy in upper part. Stem generally erect, often branched from base or middle, with spreading patent branches. Cauline leaves alternate, opposite only under inflorescence and near base, 3—7(10) mm long, entire, sometimes lower leaves sparsely crenate, dis- similar from bracts; petiole almost as long as lamina, often turning red. Flowers in many-flowered, lax, candelabriformis paniculate inflorescence. Pedicels exceeding linear, entire bracts and calyx, 4-6 mm long, curved upward at right angle. Calyx lobes 4 mm long in fruit, oblong or ovate, subobtuse, with 1—3 obscure nerves, glandular, united in pairs at base or almost to middle, equaling or slightly exceeding capsule. Corolla whitish or pale sky-blue, shorter than calyx, with ovate lobes. Stamens 44.5 mm broad. Capsule obovate, sharp notched, flat, with ovate lobes, sparsely glandular-hairy along margin, 1/2—2/3 connate, with rounded tips; style about 0.5 mm long. Seeds 3 in locule, curved, semipyriform, leman-yellow at first, darkening later, glabrous, smooth, 1-1.5 mm long. 0.5+1.5 mm broad. Flowering and fruiting April (Plate XVIII, fig. 2). 398 351 On dry rubbly slopes, in sandy places, in mountains up to 3850 m.—Western Siberia: Upper Tobol (Mugojary), Irtysh, Altai; Soviet Central Asia: Aral-Caspian Region (Ust-Urt), Balkhash Region, Syr Darya, Pamiro-Alai, Tien Shan. General distribution: Iran, Dzh.-Kashgar (Kuldzha). Described from Mt. Elburz. Type in Geneva. Al. V. albanica C. Koch, in Linnaea, XXII (1849) 701; Rompp in Fedde, Repert. Beih. L, 71; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 390; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 400; Wulff in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, XV, 139.—V. amoena Boiss. Fl. or. IV (1879) 462, non Stev. Annual. Stem erect, 5-8 cm tall, branched in upper part, rarely simple, pubescent. Lower leaves ovate, upper oblong, all serrate, short-petiolate, puberulent or glabrous. Bracts oblong, lower ones shorter than pedicels, upper nearly twice as long as pedicels. Flowers generally in few-flowered racemes. Pedicels in fruit erect, densely puberulent, glandular, slightly exceeding calyx and bracts. Calyx 7-8 mm long, with oblong-lanceolate, 1.5-2 mm broad, subacute, hirsute, often glandular lobes, united in pairs at base, 1.5-2 times as long as capsule, 11/3 as long as corolla. Capsule bilobed, pilose, often densely glandular, orbicular, about 5 mm long and broad, with erect lobes, distinct veins, with narrow, acute-angled often indistinct sinus. Style 3-5 mm long, exserted from sinus. Seeds about 1.5 mm long, oval, concave, subglabrous, smooth. April to May. On marly hills, dry slopes at 140-300 m. Caucasus: Eastern Transcau- casia (Apsheron Peninsula). Endemic. Described from hills near Caspian Sea. Type in Berlin. Series 3. Campylopodae Boriss—Floral leaves dissimilar from cauline. Raceme lax, many-flowered, elongated. Pedicels equaling calyx or longer. Calyx lobes short-united in pairs, narrowly lanceolate or linear, long tapering. Capsule divided almost up to base into ovate or oblong, spreading lobes. Seeds distinctly transversely rugose. 42. V. campylopoda Boiss. Diagn. pl. or. I, 4 (1844) 80; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 486; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 464; pflanzenfam. IV, 3b, 85; Rompp in Fedde, Repert, Beih. L, 80, p.p.; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2452: Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 390; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 402, p.p—V. biloba auct. non L.; Ldb. Fl. Ross. If, 252, Hook, f. FI. Brit. Ind. 4, 295.—V. biloba var. dasycarpa Trautv. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXIX, 4 (1866) 440; Wulff in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, XV, 138.—V. mi- crotheca Boiss. and Bal. in Boiss. Diagn. pl. or. II, 6, 131—Bouloumoy, Fl. Liban and Syrie, tab. 315.—Exs.: HFAM, No. 161; Pl. exs. No. 92. Annual. Plant with slender roots, mainly glandular-puberulent, 5-15 cm tall. Stem erect, terminating into simple or branched racemose inflorescence. Cauline leaves opposite, sometimes alternate, 399 352 oblong-lanceolate, 5-12 mm long, 2-5 mm broad; lower leaves short- petiolate, obscurely serrate or sparsely serrulate; other leaves entire, somewhat pubescent; floral leaves narrowly-linear, acute, entire or obscurely dentate, much dissimilar from cauline leaves. Raceme lax, 8—12- flowered, later elongated. Pedicels filiform, equaling or slightly exceeding calyx and bracts, arcuate and reflexed in fruit. Calyx lobes very short- united in pairs at base, narrowly lanceolate or linear, long and slender tapering, glabrous or sparsely glandular hairy, with 1 distinct vein and 2 obscure lateral ones. Corolla 2-3 mm long, almost 1/2 as long as calyx, blue or sky-blue. Capsule compressed, slightly shorter than or equaling calyx, about 3 mm long, 4 mm broad, divided almost to base into 2 obovate lobes diverging at 45° or more, glandular-hairy. Style 1/2 as long as sinus, 0.9-1.64mm long. Seeds oblong-ovate, up to 1 mm long, scaphoid, concave, sharply transverse rugose above, narrowed at one end, March to May. On dry slopes and loess hills, desert plains, in mountains from foothills and low-altitude regions to alpine zone. Sometimes as weed in kitchen gardens, plowed fields and vineyards. Caucasus: Eastern and south- ern Transcaucasia: Western Siberia: Altai Region; Soviet Central Asia: Aral-Caspian Region, Balkhash Region, Dzh.-Tarbagatai, Kyzyl-Kum, KaraKum, mountainous Turkmenia, Syr Darya, Tien Shan, Pamiro-Alai. General distribution: Mediterranean Region, Balkan-states-Asia Minor, Iran, India-Himalayas. Described from Arabia and environs of Aleppo. Type in Berlin. 43. V. ramosissima Boriss. Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, XVII (1955).—V. capillipes Grig. Opred. rast. okr. Stalinabada (1953) 244, non Nevski. Annual. Roots slender, short. Stems 5—22 cm tall, erect, profusely branched from base; branches arcuate, scutate, many-flowered. Leaves oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate, subglabrous, serrate-dentate, pinnatipar- tite in lower part, sometimes along entire margin. Bracts linear, pointed, 2/5 as long as pedicels, glabrous, sparsely hairy along margin, entire, some- times with 1-2 teeth. Flowers in long racemes, on long, filiform, slender, almost horizontally diverging pedicels, 4-5 times as long as calyx. Ca- lyx about 3 mm long, with linear, slender lobes united at base in pairs, glabrous. Corolla sky-blue, about 9 mm across, with 3 orbicular and 1 oblong lobes with short hairs at base and along margins. Anthers with arcuate filaments, included. Style slightly exceeding calyx, filiform. Cap- sule equaling calyx, consisting of 2 elongated, oblong, glabrous lobes, sparsely hairy along margin; lobes connate at base at acute angle and bent like horse-shoe. Seeds 1 mm long, 0.5 mm broad, ovate, narrowed toward base, planoconcave, transversely rugose outside. May to June. 400 355 On slopes of loess hills, along roads, on sandy-pebbly terraces— So- viet Central Asia: Pamiro-Alai (southern slopes of Hissar Range). En- demic. Described from vicinity of Stalinabad. Type in Leningrad. Note. It is distinguished from V. capillipes Nevski by the longer and denser racemes, horizontally extended pedicels, calyx with linear lobes: equaling the capsule, corolla about 9 mm across (and not 3.5—4 mm), and the oblong lobes of the capsule diverging at an acute angle and converg- ing at the tips. It is distinguished from V. bucharica B. Fedtsch. by the horseshoe-shape of capsule and the position of its lobes; from V. campy- lopodae Boiss. by the capsule shape, seeds and profuse branching. 44. V. bucharica B. Fedtsch. in O. and B. Fedtsch. Perech. rast. Turkest. 5 (1913) 93; Stroh in Beth. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 403; Pavl. in Vestn. Akad. Nauk KazSSR, 5, 92. Annual. Roots slender. Plant puberulent, 3—15(20) cm tall: Stem erect, branched mainly in upper part. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, entire, petio- late; upper leaves sessile, with incise-serrate margin, opposite, sometimes alternate; floral leaves linear-lanceolate, shorter than pedicels. Flowers in lax racemes, on filiform, almost nodding pedicels, reflexed in fruit, exceeding calyx and bracts. Calyx lobes linear-lanceolate or sublinear, long and slender acuminate, spreading, 3-veined, with sparse and short bristly hairs. Corolla exceeding calyx, 8-10 mm long. Capsule glandular, compressed, shorter than calyx, divided almost up to base into elongated, almost horizontally diverging lobes; style filiform, exceeding capsule lobes. Seeds generally shallowly rugose, planoconcave, about 1.5 mm long, 1 mm broad, pyriform. April to May (Plate XVI, fig. 4). On mountain slopes and in passes, on dry pebbly river_beds at altitude of 1000-2500 m.—Soviet Central Asia: Pamiro-Alai. Endemic. Described ‘from Bukhara’ (Regel 7/V 1883). Type in Leningrad. 45. V. capillipes Nevski in Tr. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1, 4 (i957) Sig: Annual. Plant sparsely glandular-pubescent. Stem erect, slender, branched from middle, 9-18 cm tall, 0.5-1.25 cm thick, leafy. Leaves rather thick, 5-18 mm long, 2.5-6 mm broad, short-petiolate; lower leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, obscurely crenate-dentate, or almost entire; upper leaves oblong-lanceolate, serrate-dentate. Racemes lax, elongated, generally 15—25-flowered. Floral leaves 3-5.5 mm long, 1-2 mm broad, lanceolate, acute, entire, 1/3 as long as pilose petioles. Pedicels slender, glabrous, 1—1.2 cm long in fruit, erect, spreading, later almost falcate. Calyx lobes oblong-lanceolate, acute, 2-3 mm long, 0.6 mm broad, up to 4 mm long and 1 —1.25 mm broad after flowering, glabrous, 1-veined. Corolla blue or sky-blue, small, 3.5—-4 mm across. Capsule exceeding 403 354 calyx, 4 mm broad, brown, with long hairs, broad sinus at tip, oblong- obovate, with ovate, 2.75 mm long and 1.25 mm broad lobes, diverging almost at right angle; style persistent, up to 2 mm long. April to June. In woody scrub zone, in stony places. Soviet Central Asia: Pamiro- Alai (Kugitang Range). Endemic. Described from Kugitang Range. Type in Leningrad. 46. V. stylophora M. Pop. in Sched. ad Herb. Fl. As. Med. VI-VII (1925) 21; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 403——Exs.: HFAM, No. 167. Annual. Plant profusely branched from base, densely puberulent, 5—10(15) cm tall, profusely flowering and fruiting. Cauline leaves few, lanceolate or oblong, with spaced dentate margin, short-petiolate, subses- sile or sessile, subglabrous; floral leaves linear, equaling or shorter than pedicels. Pedicels slightly exceeding calyx, elongated in fruit, spreading or arcuate-reflexed. Calyx lobes 4, united at base, oblong-lanceolate or linear- lanceolate, 3-4 mm long, acuminate, difusely hispidulous, with 1 obscure vein, rarely with 3-veins. Corolla pale sky-blue or whitish, 6-7(10) mm across. Capsule 3-4 mm long and broad, densely pilose, often glandular, with broad sinus and oblong-ovate lobes diverging at right angle; style exserted, slender, filiform, curved. Seeds about 1.5 mm long, 0.5 mm broad, oblong, scaphoid, dorsally transversely rugose. Flowering April to May Fruiting May (Plate XVI, fig. 6). On clayey slopes.—Soviet Central Asia: Pamiro-Alai (Kitab, vicinity of Dignau, Takhta-Karacha Pass). Endemic. Described from vicinity of the village of Mussakak. Type in Tashkent. Isotype in Leningrad. Series 4. Tetraphyllae Boriss—Cauline leaves 4 in whorl at base of branching stem. Bracts markedly dissimilar from cauline leaves. Pedicels long, generally recurved. Calyx lobes lanceolate, united at base in pairs. Capsule with ovate or orbicular lobes, connate up to 2/3. 47. V. tenuissima Boriss. nom. nov.—V. tetraphylla Pop. in Tr. Turk- est. Gos. univ. 4 (1922) 65, non V. tetraphyllos Boeber ex Georgi, Beschr. Russ. Reich. I-IV, 3 (1800) 653 and app.; Schmalh. Fl. II, 279; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl—LXI, 407. Annual. Roots slender. Stem 5-7 cm tall, erect; slender, sparsely pubescent or glabrous, terminating into racemose, generally many- flowered inflorescence. Cauline leaves 4 in whorl near base of slender- branched inflorescence, 3-10 mm long, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, entire, glabrous or subglabrous, sometimes violet underneath. Bracts markedly dissimilar from cauline leaves, sublinear, 1/6—-1/2 as long as pedicels, glabrous. Flowers on very slender pedicels, generally recurved at right angle, 3.5-12 mm long, erect or arcuate in fruit, horizontally 355 diverging, 2—3(5) times as long as calyx. Calyx lobes lanceolate, acute, with obscure vein, slightly exceeding capsule, about 2 mm long, united at base in pairs. Corolla sky-blue, 1—-1.5 mm across, shorter than calyx. Capsule 2.5 mm broad, obcordate, divided almost 2/3 into 2 lobes, with ovate or rounded, obtuse lobes, with narrow or broad, deep sinus; style 0.5—0.75 mm long, included. Seeds 0.5—-0.75 mm long, oblong, shallowly concave on one side, dorsally sparsely crispate-tuberculate. Flowering April to May (Plate XVI, fig. 1). On loamy plains, in foothills and low mountains.—Soviet Central Asia: Aral-Caspian Region (Ust-Urt), Balkhash Region (Betpakdala), Tien Shan (Sarytau and Karatau mountains), Pamiro-Alai (western Pamir). Gen- - eral distribution: Iran, Dzh.-Kashgar (Kudzha). Described from Sarytau 404 mountains. Type in Tashkent. Isotype in Leningrad. Series 5. Cardiocarpae Boriss——Cauline leaves connivent in whorl at base of forks or slightly apart. Bracts dissimilar from cauline leaves. Pedicels equaling or slightly exceeding calyx. Calyx lobes united up to 1/2 in pairs. Capsule lobes connate up to 2/3. 48. V. intercedens Bornm. in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 22 (1907) 112; Rompp in Fedde, Repert. Beih. L, 81; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 403.—V. cardiocarpa Wulf in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, XV (1915) 23, non Walp.—V. mogoltavica M. Pop. ex Vved. in Bull. Univ. As. Cent. XI, Suppl. (1925) 19; Stroh, l.c—V. gaudanesis B. Fedtsch. in Fl. Turkm. VI (1954) 274.—Exs.: HFAM, No. 162. Annual. Roots slender. Stem erect, terminating generally into many- flowered inflorescence; base of inflorescence branches with 4 linear or linear-lanceolate leaves, crowded in whorl or slightly apart in pairs. Some- times cauline leaves only opposite, apparently partly shedding; these leaves markedly dissimilar from bracts, narrowed at base, broadest m upper part, entire or obscurely, sparsely dentate, short-petiolate. Bracts lanceolate, en- tire. Pedicels equaling or slightly exceeding calyx, arcuate-recurved. Calyx lobes united up to 1/2 in pairs, diverging, broadly-ovate, acuminate, entire or short-ciliate with 3-4 distinct veins along margin; calyx 6—7(10) mm broad in fruit. Capsule about 5 mm broad, 4 mm long, sparsely glandular, with deep sinus 1/3 the length of capsule, with obtuse ovate lobes, con- nate up to 3/4; style nearly equaling sinus or slightly exserted, about 1 mm long. Seeds orbicular or ovate, deeply concave, cyathiform, 1-2 mm long, 0.75-1.5 mm broad, very finely crispate on convex side, of lemon color. April to May. Among bushy thickets in steppe, in tall-grass steppe, in juniper zone, on stony slopes and rocky places up to 1500-3300 m. Caucasus: Southern Transcaucasia. Soviet Central Asia: Dzh.-Tarbagatai, mountainous Turk- menia, Syr Darya, Pamiro-Alai, Tien Shan; General distribution: Iran ¢ ide LVN ee . 405 357 (Kerman Province), Armenia-Kurdistan. Described from Kurdistan. Type in Leningrad. 49. V. cardiocarpa (Kar. and Kir.) Walpers, Repert. III (1844-1845) 355; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 485; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 252; Rompp in Fedde, Repert. Beih. L, 81; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 403.—V. griffithi Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 485 (p.p.?}—Diplophyllum cardiocarpum Kar. and Kir. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XV (1842) 417.—Exs.: HFAM, No. 162. Annual. Roots slender. Stem erect, pubescent, generally terminating into many-flowered inflorescence. Cauline leaves whorled or nearly so, 4 together at inflorescence base, markedly different from bracts, oblong- ovate, with rounded base, broadest in middle or below, serrate-crenate; lower leaves serrate, upper tridentate, uppermost entire; floral leaves re- duced. Pedicels equaling or slightly longer than calyx, longer than bracts in fruit, erect or slightly curved. Calyx lobes 2 times as long as cap- sule, broad, rhombic-ovate, 2—3-veined, short-pointed, united in pairs al- most upto middle, antrorse, sparsely ciliolate. Capsule obcordate, deeply emarginate, with sinus up to 1/3, rarely up to 1/2 deep, with obtuse, orbicular-ovate lobes. Seeds about 1.25 mm long, about 1 mm broad, ovate, deeply cyathiform, smooth or almost so, lemon-yellow. Flowering from March to April (Plate XVI, fig. 2). Foothills and mountains. On rubbly slopes, in mountain forests, among shrubby undergrowth, in glades near snowbanks.—Soviet Central Asia: Aral-Caspian Region, Balkhash Region, Dzh.-Tarbagatai, mountain- ous Turkmenia, Syr Darya, Pamiro-Alai, Tien Shan. General distribution: Iran, India-Himalayas, Dzh.-Kashgar. Described from Ala-Tau mountains. Type in Leningrad. Series 6. Pellidospermae Lehm. in Zeitschr. Bot. II (1910) 599, gruppe, p.p.—Flowers in lax terminal and lateral racemes. Bracts similar to upper cauline leaves, 3-partite or entire. Pedicels slightly exceeding or equaling bracts. Calyx divided almost to base into obtuse or acute lobes. Capsule slightly inflated, orbicular-obcordate or orbicular-oblong, hard. Seeds 6-10 in locule, cyathiform or scaphoid-concave. . 50. V. triphyllos L. Sp. pl. (1753) 14; M.B. Fl. taur.-cauc. I, 15; C. Koch, Monogr. Veron. 12; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 486; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 463; Ldb. Fl. Ross. Ill, 252; Pflanzenfam. IV, 3b, 85; Schmalh. Fl. II, a ee ee OS ae okt IDA sen dmee ST Plate XVII. Veronica amoena Stev., general appearance of plant, capsule. —2. V. triphyllos L., general appearance of plant, capsule, seed.—3. V. ceratocarpa C.A.M., general appearance of plant, capsule, seed—4. V. persica Poir., general appearance of plant, capsule, seed.—S. V. didyma Ten., general appearance of plant, capsule. 406 358 281; Wulff in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, XV, 151; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 391; Rompp in Fedde, Repert. Beih. L, 70; Stroh in Beth. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 400.—V. quinquefolia Gilib. FI. lith. 1 (1781) 120.—V. quinquefida Gilib. l.c.—V. collina Opiz, Natur. 9 (1825) 108—Cochlidiospermum digitatumi Opiz, Seznam (1852) 31.—Ic.: Fedtsch. and Fler. Fl. Evrop. Ross. fig. 809; Syreistsch. Ill. fl. Mosk. gub. III, 135; Hegi, Illustr. Fl. Mittel-Eur. IV, 1, tab. 239, f. 7; Vestn. Tifl. bot. sada, 28, fig. 22; Javorka es Csapody, Iconogr. fl. Hung. No. 3309.—Exs.: GRF, No. 1678; Fl. pol. exs. No. 373; Fl. exs. austro-hung. No. 2626; Fl. Ital. exs. No. 1122. Annual or biennial. Plant dark green, patently pilose and glandular. Stem (5)8—15(20) cm tall, simple or branched, generally with a few lat- eral shoots at base, erect or procumbent. Lower leaves petiolate, ovate or orbicular-ovate, dentate or incise-crenate; middle leaves orbicular-ovate, sessile, 3-5(7)-palmately incised or divided into obtuse linear lobes almost up to base, middle lobe being larger; all leaves scattered glandular, 1 cm long; upper leaves sessile, 3-partite, gradually transforming into entire or 3- lobed bracts with obtuse, lanceolate to linear lobes. Pedicels generally ex- ceeding calyx and bracts, often upcurved, diverging at acute angle in fruit, puberulent, with long glandular hairs. Flowers few in elongated terminal and lateral racemes. Calyx with obtuse, lanceolate to spatulate lobes 1/2 as long as pedicels, densely glandular. Corolla 6-9 mm across, deep blue, slightly shorter than calyx. Capsule somewhat inflated at base, slightly compressed above, orbicular-obcordate, about 7 mm long and broad, with deep broad sinus, lobes at acute or obtuse angle, glandular; style 1-2 mm long, slightly exserted from sinus. Seeds often 10 in locule, concave on one side, convex on the other, scaphoid, oval, 1-2 mm long, dark. March to April (Plate XVII, fig. 2). In forest, forest-steppe and steppe zones, wastelands, fallow lands, in mountains up to 1500 m. European USSR: Baltic Region, Upper Volga, Upper Dnieper, Middle Dnieper, Volga-Don, Bessarabia, Black Sea Re- gion, Crimea, Lower Don, Lower Volga; Caucasus: Ciscaucasia, Eastern Transcaucasia, Talysh; Eastern Siberia: Angara-Sayan (Krasnoyarsk, in- troduced); Soviet Central Asia: (?) Aral-Caspian Region. General distri- bution: Central Europe, Atlantic Europe, Mediterranean Region, Balkan States-Asia Minor, Armenia-Kurdistan. Described from Europe. Type in London. 51. V. praecox All. Fl. Pedem. (1789) 5, tab. 1, f. 1; M.B. FI. taur.- cauc. III, Suppl. 18; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 487; C. Koch, Monogr. Veron. 11; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 253; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 463; Pflanzen- fam. IV, 3b, 85; Schmalh. Fl. Il, 281; Wulff in Tr. Tifl. bot sada, XV, 152; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III. 391; Rompp in Fedde, Repert. Beih. L, 69; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 399.—V. viscida Waldst. ex Roem. 407 359 and Schult Syst. veg. I (1817) 124.—Cochlidiospermum praecox Opiz, Seznam (1852) 31.—Ic.: Fedtsch. and Fler. Fl. Evrop. Ross. fig. 808; Hegi, Illustr. Fl. Mittel-Eur. IV, 1, f. 30; Javorka és Csapody, Iconogr. fl. Hung. f. 3315; Vestn. Tifl. bot. sada, 28, fig. 29.—Exs.: Fl. exs. Reipubl. Boh.-Slov. No. 468. Annual or biennial. Plant patently puberulent. Stem (3)5—20(30) cm tall, without trailing vegetative shoots, erect, generally profusely branched in lower part. Leaves all entire, short-petiolate, upper leaves sessile, ovate, cordate or rounded at base, uppermost leaves obtuse, crenate or crenate- dentate to sinuate, scattered hairy upper leaves gradually transforming into bracts; lower leaves broadly ovate to ovate-deltoid, up to 1.5 cm long, 1 cm broad. Racemes terminal, lax, sometimes axillary, lateral. Lower bracts similar to leaves, upper smaller, lanceolate, denticulate or entire, slightly exceeding pedicels. Pedicels equaling or exceeding calyx, erect or curved, appressed to inflorescence axis, scattered glandular. Calyx shorter than corolla, with obtuse lobes, scattered glandular-hairy or glabrous. Corolla dark blue, 5-7 mm across, 3 corolla lobes orbicular, 1 lobe ovate, all obtuse. Anthers included. Capsule orbicular-ovate, 3-5 mm long, 4-5 mm broad, equaling or slightly exceeding calyx, glandular-hairy, obscurely emarginate almost at right angle. Style exserted, 1-2 mm long. Capsule locule with 6-9 seeds. Seeds about 1 mm long, cyathiform, oval, weakly rugose, yellowish brown. March to May. On stony slopes of foothills, in steppe and old fields in forest-steppe zone; in long-fallow lands, up to 500 m. European USSR: Upper Dniester, Bessarabia, Black Sea Region, Lower Don, Crimea; Caucasus: Ciscauca- sia, Dagestan, eastern Transcaucasia, Talysh. General distribution: Cen- tral Europe, Atlantic Europe, Mediterranean Region, Balkan States-Asia Minor. Described from Europe. Type in Florence? 52. V. amoena Stev. in M.B. FI. taur.-cauc. I (1808) 14; III (1819) 15; Koch, Monogr. Veron. 13; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 484; Ldb. FI. Ross. III, 251; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 462; Wulff in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, XV, 150; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 390; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 400.—V. albanica Boiss. Fl. or. (1879) 462, non C. Koch.—Ic.: M.B. Cent. pl. rar. ross. I, tab. 18; Karjagin, Fl. Apsherona, plate XVIII, 3—Exs.: Herb. Fl. Cauc. No. 489. Annual. Plant densely puberulent with simple and glandular hairs. Stem simple or branched in lower part, 5—8(15) cm tall. Leaves small, short-petiolate, ovate or oblong-ovate, dentate-crenate or serrate-dentate; lower leaves more deeply dentate, subcordate or subcuneate at base; flo- ral leaves oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, entire, lower leaves shorter, almost 2 times as long as pedicels. Flowers in lax terminal racemes. Pedicels 7-11 mm long, equaling calyx, shorter or slightly longer, erect 408 360 in fruit. Calyx lobes lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acute, free almost up to base, 6-10 mm long; upper 2 lobes sometimes slightly longer than lower, all villous and glandular. Corolla bright blue, white at base, 12-16(18) mm across, exceeding calyx, with 3 orbicular-ovate, angular lobes and 1 ovate lobe; corolla tube short, with 4 veins. Capsule, pedicels and calyx pubescent with simple and glandular hairs. Capsule somewhat inflated, orbicular-obcordate, about 4 mm long, hard, almost equaling or 1/2-2/3 as long as fruit stalk, shorter than calyx, with deep narrow sinus between broad erect lobes; style 3-5 mm long. Seeds 1-1.5 mm long, about 1 mm ‘broad, oblong, cyathiform or scaphoid, concave, smooth. April to May (Plate XVII, fig. 1). On dry clayey, sandy slopes and plains, on pebble-beds. Cauca- sus: Eastern Transcaucasia; Soviet Central Asia: Aral-Caspian Region (Mangyshlak). Endemic. Described from Georgia. Type in Berlin. Series 7. Agrestes Lehm. in Bull. l’Herb. Boiss. 2 sér (1908) 8; Zeitschr. Bot. II, 597, gruppe, p.p.—Leaves oval, short-petiolate, dentate or serrate; floral leaves similar to cauline leaves. Pedicels curved, nodding in fruit. Calyx lobes entire, free at base. Capsule lobes diverging at acute, right or obtuse angle, smooth or distinctly veined. Seeds 4—12 in locule, minute, smooth, cyathiform. 53. V. agrestis L. Sp. pl. (1753) 13; C. Koch, Monogr. Veron. 14; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 487; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 254, p.p.; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 466; Pflanzenfam. IV, 3b, 85; Schmalh. Fl. II, 282; Rompp in Fedde. Repert. Beih. L, 85; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 404.—V. didyma Spreng. Syst. veg. (1825) 75, non Tenore.—Cochlidiospermum agreste Opiz, Seznam (1852) 31.—Ic.: Rchb. Ic. fl. germ. tab. 79, 1700, cf. II and III; Fedtsch. and Fler. Fl. Evrop. Ross. fig. 410; Syreistsch. Fl. Mosk. gub. III, 157; Hegi, Illustr. Fl. Mittel-Eur. IV, 1, f. 3 c—g; Javorka es Csapody, Iconogr. fl. Hung. f. 3324.—Exs.: GRF, No. 631; Hayek, Fl. Stir. exs. No. 663. Annual. Stem 5—30(40) cm tall, ascending, decumbent and root- ing, slender, profusely branched from base, leafy. Plant sparsely lanate. Leaves opposite, ovate or orbicular-ovate, uppermost leaves oblong-ovate, 7-9 mm long, 6-8 mm broad, with crenate, serrate-dentate or coarsely dentate margin, light green; lower leaves cordate-ovate, rounded or trun- cate at base, short-petiolate, reducing upward; upper leaves oblong, all dentate, cuneate, somewhat fleshy, sparsely pilose. Flowers borne singly or few together in leaf axils, on long pedicels equaling flowers or slightly longer, reflexed in fruit. Calyx deeply 4-partite; calyx lobes ovate to oblong-lanceolate, with 3 distinct veins, obtuse, rounded or rounded- cuneate at base, not overlapping, sparsely hairy or subglabrous. Corolla light sky-blue with whitish lower lobe, whitish with blue veins, pale pink 361 or white, 6-8 mm across, not exceeding calyx. Stamens much shorter than corolla. Capsule slightly shorter than calyx, as long as broad or slightly broader than long, inflated, orbicular, short-obcordate, glandular-hairy, 409 with narrow deep sinus, with rounded, obtuse, finely reticulate lobes, obscurely veined; capsule lobes diverging at acute to right angle, densely covered with short, simple, glandular hairs along margin; style included or scarcely exserted from sinus, about 1.5 mm long. Seeds 3-10 in locule, 1.75-2 mm long, 1.5 —1.75 mm broad, orbicular or ovate-globose, finely rugose, concave, patelliform. February to October. Weed in fields, gardens, kitchen gardens, in forest and forest-steppe zones, rarely in foothills and mountains up to 1800 m, in mixed-grass areas. European USSR: Baltic Region, Ladoga-Ilmen, Upper Volga, Volga- Kama, Upper Dnieper, Volga-Don, Lower Don. General distribution: Scandinavia, Central Europe, Atlantic Europe, Mediterranean Region, Balkan States-Asia Minor. Described from Europe. Type in London. 54. V. didyma Ten. Fl. Napol. Prodr. (1811) 6; C. Koch, Monogr. Veron, 13; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 466; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 403.—V. polita Fries in Nov. Fl. Suec. IV (1819) 63; ed. II (1828) 1; C. Koch, l.c. 14; Pflanzenfam. IV, 3b, 85; Schmalh. Fl. I, 282; Wulff in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, XV, 153; Rompp in Fedde, Repert. Beih. L, 84; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 383.—V. agrestis auct. non L.; M.B. FI. taur.-cauc. I (1808) 14, p.p.; III (1819) 16; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 488; Ldb. Fl. Ross. 254, p. p.—V. agrestis 3. polita (Fries) Koch in Linnaea, 17 (1843) 288.—V. hederifolia Miq. ex Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Pétersb. 27 (1881) 510, non L.—V. opaca B. Fedtsch. in Fl. Turkm. VI (1954) 278, non Fries —V. longipedunculata Gilib. Fl. Lith. 1 (1781) 118.—Ic.: Fl. Dan. Il, tab. 449: Rchb. Ic. Bot. III, tab. 246, f. 404, 405; Rchb. Ic. fl. germ. XX, tab. 77, 1698, I-II; Pflanzenfam. IV, 3b (1895) f. 38; Wulff in Vestn. Tifl. bot. sada, 28, fig. 13; Hegi, Illustr. Fl. Mittel-Eur. IV, 1, tab. 239, f. 9, ed. 26; Fl. Yugo-Vost. VI, 212; Javorka és Csapody, Iconogr. fl. Hung. f. 3325.—Exs.: HFAM, No. 166; GRF, No. 830; Fl. Finl. exs. No. 919; Fl. exs. austro-hung. No. 2631 and 2629. Annual or biennial. Roots slender, short. Plant crispate-pilose, (4)10-25 cm tall. Stem weak, slender, decumbent, ascending, with partially ascending or decumbent shoots at base, densely leafy. Leaves short- petiolate, orbicular-cordate to ovate, 7-9(10) mm long, 6-7 mm broad, subdeltoid, truncate, rounded or cordate at base, somewhat thick, often with deeply coarsely crenate margin, glabrous or diffusely pilose. Flowers borne singly on long pedicels, in axils of ordinary or slightly reduced leaves. Pedicels reflexed after flowering, almost equaling or slightly longer than leaves, diffusely pilose. Calyx deeply 4-partite, lobes broadly ovate, 410 with distinct veins, margins slightly overlapping at base, acute, up to 5 mm 411 362 long in fruit, equaling or 1.5 times as long as capsule, hispid with scattered hairs. Corolla deep sky-blue or blue, with purple throat, (4)5—8 mm across, slightly longer than or equaling calyx; corolla tube very short, with 5 veins; limb with 3(4) orbicular-ovate and 1 ovate lobes. Stamens included, curved. Capsule slightly shorter than calyx, slightly inflated, suborbicular or reniform, broader than long, with 2 inflated lobes, generally with small narrow sinus; sinus broader if lobes diverging at right angles; lobes with rounded margin, without keel, obscurely veined, densely, patently pilose with simple hairs sparsely intermixed with glandular hairs or capsule glabrous; style exserted from sinus, short and erect. Seeds 6—12 in each locule, 1-1.5 mm long, oval, scaphoid-concave, rugose. March to October (Plate XVII, fig. 5). In wastelands, pastures, shrubby undergrowth, in pebbly soil of foothills and plains, up to 500 m altitude. European USSR: Karelia- Lapland, Dvina-Pechora, Upper Dnieper, Bessarabia, Black Sea Region, Crimea, Volga-Don, Lower Don, Lower Volga; Caucasus: Ciscauca- sia, Dagestan, western, eastern and southern Transcaucasia, Talysh; Soviet Central Asia: KaraKum, mountainous Turkmenia, Syr Darya, Pamiro-Alai, Tien Shan. General distribution: Scandinavia, Central Europe, Atlantic Europe, Mediterranean Region, Balkan States-Asia Minor, Armenia- Kurdistan, Iran, India-Himalayas, Mongolia, Japan, China, Tibet. De- scribed from Italy. Type in Florence. Note. V. agrestis var. minima O. Ktze. and V. opaca reported from Turkmenia, are also related to this species. 55. V. opaca Fries, Nov. Fl. Suec. 2 (1828) 3; C. Koch, Monogr. Veron. (1833) 14; Boiss. Fl. or. 1V, 467; Pflanzenfam. IV, 3b, 85; Schmalh. Fl. II, 282; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 404.—V. agrestis Ldb. FI. Ross. III (1847-1849), 254, p.p. non L.—Cochlidiospermum friesianum Opiz, Seznam (1852) 31.—C. opacum Opiz, |.c.—Ic.: Rchb. Ic. fl. Germ. tab. 79, 1700, f. 1; Syreistsch. Ill. fl. Mosk. gub. Ill, 157; Hegi, Illustr. Fl. Mittel-Eur., IV, I, fig. 31 a-b; Javorka és Csapody, Iconogr. fl. Hung. f. 3326; Exs.: GRF, No. 780: Fl. pol. exs. No. 763 Fl. exs. austro-hung. No. 2629; Billot, Fl. Gall. and Germ. Exs. No. 3169. Annual. Plant dark green, somewhat pubescent. Stem 5-30 cm tall, decumbent or partially ascending, slender, simple or branched. Leaves somewhat dull, faded green, suborbicular-ovate, subcordate at base, short- petiolate, crenate or coarsely serrate-dentate, pubescent on both surfaces. Flowers borne singly in leaf axils, on long pedicels, slightly exceeding or equaling leaves, arcuate-reflexed in fruit. Calyx deeply 4-partite; calyx lobes densely pubescent, diverging in fruit, not overlapping, ovate or oblong-ovate, almost spatulate, obtuse, exceeding capsule, densely gray-pilose. Corolla sky-blue or blue, 3-4 mm across, equaling or 412 363 exceeding calyx. Stamens inserted in corolla throat. Capsule broader than long, about 6 mm broad, 3-4 mm long, orbicular-obcordate or reniform, inflated and slightly compressed on sides, bilobed; sinus obtuse, broad, shallow, acute- or obtuse-angled; lobes rounded, firm with keeled margin and distinct veins, densely pubescent; style short, slightly exserted from sinus or included. Seeds 6—7 in locule (often 4—5), ovate, 1-1.8 mm long, patelloid-concave, rugose, ribbed. March to October. In kitchen gardens, gardens, plowed fields, near roads.—European USSR: Baltic Region, Ladoga-Ilmen, Upper Volga, Volga-Kama, Upper Dnieper, Middle Dnieper, Volga-Don. General distribution: Scandinavia, Central and Atlantic Europe. Described from Sweden. Type in Stock- holm. 56. V. persica Poir. Dict. Encycl. Méth. VIII (1808) 542; Steven in Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. V, 341; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2453; Sug- awara, Illustr. Fl. Saghal. IV, 1649; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LX], 404.—V. tournefortii C.C. Gmel. Fl. Bad. I (1805) 39, p.p. non Villars. (1779 and 1786) nec F. W. Schmidt (1791); Pflanzenfam. IV, 3b, 85; Schmalh. Fl. II, 281; Wulff in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, XV, 158; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 383; Rompp in Fedde, Repert. Beih. L, 85.—V. filiformis auct. non Smith; DC. Fl. Fr. V, Suppl. (1815) 388; M.B. Fl. taur.-cauc. I, 15, p-p.—V. buxbaumii Ten. Fl. Napol. I (1811) 7, tab. I; M.B. Fl. taur.- cauc. III, Suppl. 16; C. Koch, Monogr. Veron. 13; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 487; Ldb. FI. Ross. III, 253; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 465.—V. meskhetica Kem.- Nath. Fl. Gruz. VII (1952) 580; Zam. po sist. i geogr. rast. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk GruzSSR, 18.—Cochlidiospermum buxbaumii Opiz, Seznam (1852) 31.—Ic.: Rchb. Ic. fl. Germ. XX, vol. 78, (1699); Fedtsch. and Fler. Fl. Evrop. Ross. fig. 812; Vestn. Tifl. bot. sada, 28, fig. 27; Karya- gin, Fl. Apsherona, Plate XVIII, fig. 4; Hegi, Illstr. Fl. Mittel-Eur. IV, 1, tab. 239, f. 8; Fl. Gruz. VII, fig. 350. Javorka és Csapody, Iconogr. fl. Hung. f. 3323.—Exs.: HFAM, No. 168; GRF, No. 475; Fl. exs. austro- hung. No. 2627; Hayek, Fl. Stir. exs. No. 1248. Annual or biennial. Stems solitary or few together, 10-70 cm tall, weak, procumbent or partially ascending, rooting, simple or branched in lower part, with long shoots, cylindrical, slender, crispate-puberulent with recurved hairs. Leaves opposite, upper leaves subsessile, others with 2-4 mm long petioles; floral leaves alternate, oblong, slightly reduced; cauline leaves broadly ovate to orbicular, 8-16 mm long, 5—15 mm broad, somewhat subcordate to truncate, coarsely with crenate-dentate margin, petiolate, with sparsely hairy surface. Flowers borne singly in axils of cauline léaves, on long, filiform, sparsely hairy 1.5-4 cm long pedicels, 1.5—2 times as long as floral leaves, arcuate-nodding in fruit; upper pedicels shorter. Calyx lobes 4(5), oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, 4-6 mm long, 413 364 2-3 mm broad, acute, equaling or 1.5 times as long as capsule, ciliate along margin, diverging in fruit; upper calyx lobes smaller. Corolla 7-11(15) mm across, sky-blue, blue or light violet, with greenish yellow throat and blue veins; lower lobe sometimes white, all lobes obtuse, 3 orbicular-reniform, 1 oval, all almost equaling or slightly exceeding calyx. Stamens curved, in- cluded, with orbicular-ovate anthers; filaments broadened in middle. Cap- sule 2 times as broad as long, 8-10 mm broad, 4—5 mm long, obreniform or broadly obcordate, bilobed, lobes inflated, diverging at obtuse angle and forming broad, deep sinus equaling 1/2 or 2/3 of capsule; capsule com- pressed on sides, distinctly reticulate-veined, with rounded base, dorsally keeled; style 2-3 mm long, 1/2 exserted from sinus. Seeds 3-12 in locule, 1.5—2.5 mm long, oblong, scaphoid-concave, shallow rugose. March to October (Plate XVII, fig. 4). Weed from plains to high-mountain altitudes, in fields, kitchen gar- dens. European USSR: Ladoga-IImen, Baltic Region, Upper Volga, Upper Dniester, Volga-Kama, Upper Dnieper, Volga-Don, Bessarabia, Black Sea Region, Crimea, Lower Don; Caucasus: Ciscaucasia, Dagestan, west- ern, eastern and southern Transcaucasia, Talysh; Soviet Far East: Ussuri (Vladivostok—introduced), Sakhalin (introduced); Soviet Central Asia: mountainous Turkmenia, Syr Darya, Pamiro-Alai, Tien Shan. General distribution: Central Europe, Atlantic Europe, Mediterranean Region, Balkan States-Asia Minor, Armenia-Kurdistan, Iran, India-Himalayas. Described from Soviet Near East. Type in Paris. Section 4. Diplophyllum (Lehm.) Boriss. comb. nov.—Genus Diplo- phyllum Lehm. in Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berl. Mag. VIII (1814) 310 p.p.; in Zeitschr. Bot. II, 593, gruppe p.p.—Alsinebe Griseb. Spicil. fl. Rum. and Bith. II (1844) 23, p.p—Terminal leaves similar to cauline, entire. Flow- ers 2—3 in leaf axils on erect or diverging pedicels, generally longer than bracts. Calyx flattened, with lobes connate in pairs, dentate, broader on free side in lower part. Capsule locules confluent almost to tip, broadly elliptical. Seeds 14 in locule, large, rugose, compressed, indented on hilum side, dorsally convex. 57. V. crista-galli Stev. in Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. III (1812) 244, 251; M.B. Fi. taur.-cauc. III, 19; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 487; Ldb. FI. Ross. IV, 253; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 468; Pflanzenfam. IV, 3b, 85; Schmalh. Fl. II, 283; Wulff in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, XV. 136; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 382; Opred. rast. Kavk. 310; Rompp in Fedde, Repert. Beih. I, 90; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 406.—Diplophyllum hirsutum Kar. and Kir. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XV (1842) 417.—D. crista-galli Otto and Walp. Rep. III (1844-1845) 335.—D. Veronicaeforme Lehm. in Nat. Fr. Berl. Mag. VIII (1814) 311; C.A.M. Verz. Pflanz. Cauc. Casp. Meer. 107.—Ic.: 414 365 Stev. in Trans. Linn. Soc. 11, 408, tab. 31; Vestn. Tifl. bot. sada, 28, f. 24.—Exs.: Fl. Cauc. exs. No. 493. Annual. Stem weak, 10-40 cm tall, erect, partially ascending or de- cumbent, flexible, slender, covered with scattered hairs. Leaves sessile or short-petiolate, ovate or orbicular, 10—25(35) mm long, 8—15(30) mm broad, crenate-serrate, flabellately veined, cordate, scattered hairy along veins; lowermost leaves reniform, entire. Flowers solitary, rarely 2-3 in leaf axils. Pedicels filiform, erect or slightly curved and distant, gener- ally exceeding bracts. Calyx compressed, 12-15 mm long, sparsely hairy, equaling or 1/2 as long as floral leaves, formea by 2 leaflike, ovate, den- tate lobes up to 1.5 mm long, united in pairs almost up to tip, accrescent. Corolla pale sky-blue, small, 1/2 as long as calyx. Capsule slightly shorter than calyx, broadly elliptical 0.8—-1.2 cm broad, 0.5—-0.8 cm long, glabrous, rarely sparsely pubescent and ciliate along margin, obscurely emarginate, with rounded base; capsule lobes subobtuse, confluent almost up to tip, often one-seeded; style about 0.5 mm long, generally included. Seeds 3-4 mm long, ovate, ovate-orbicular or elliptical, extremely rugose, com- pressed, with pressed hilum in the middle of seed, dorsally convex, black when mature. April to May (Plate XVIII, fig. 1). In shady forests, along riverbanks, forest edges and shrubby under- growth at 600-1000 m. Caucasus: Ciscaucasia, Dagestan, eastern and southern Transcaucasia, Talysh. General distribution: Iran. Described from forest zone of Kuba District. Isotype in Leningrad. Section 5. Megasperma (Lehm.) Boriss. comb. nov.—Megasperma Lehm. in Allgem. bot. Zeitschr. (1908) 70; Zeitschr. Bot. II, 595, gruppe.—Leaves with 3-9(11) shallow lobes, suborbicular, cordate or reniform, often broader than long, petiolate; floral leaves almost all sim- ilar to cauline. Flowers solitary, generally on long hairy pedicels, later nodding. Calyx lobes broaden toward base, free, entire, reflexed in fruit, villous, long-ciliate. Capsule extremely inflated, globose, equaling or 2/3 as long as calyx, 4-partite. Seeds 1—2 in locule, large, smooth or weakly rugose, cyathiform-concave. 58. V. hederifolia L. Sp. pl. (1753) 13; M.B. FI. taur.-cauc. I, 15; C. Koch, Monogr. Veron. 14; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 488; Ldb. FI. Ross. III, 255; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 468; Pflanzenfam. IV, 3b, 86; Schmalh. Fl. II, 283; Wulff in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, XV, 149; Rompp in Fedde Repert. Beih. L, 92; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 383; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 406.—V. hederifolia var. triloba (Opiz) Beck, Fl. Nied. Oest. (1893) 1048; Wulff l.c. 150.—V. hederifolia triloba Opiz, in Nachtr. zu Pohl. Tenta- men Fl. Bohem. (1815) 327.—V. triloba Opiz, Seznam (1852) 31; Stroh, l.c.—Cochlidiospermum hederaefolium Opiz, |.c. 31—C. lappago Opiz, 366 l.c. 1; in Lotos, IV, 154.—Ic.: Rchb. Ic. fl. Germ. XX, tab. 77; Fedtsch. and Fler. Fl. Evrop. Ross. fig. 814; Vestn. Tifl. bot. sada, 28. fig. 30; Hegi, Illustr. Fl. Mittel-Eur. VI, 1, tab. 239. f. 10; Javorka és Csapody, Iconogr. fl. Hung. f. 3321, f. 3321a; Juel in Acta Horti Berg. 1, No. 5, tab. II, f. 36; Bibl. Bot. XXV, 93, 18, 19, 36.—Exs.: HFAM, No. 164; GRF, No. 1677a; Fl. exs. Reipubl. Boh.-Slov. No. 363; Pl. Finl. exs. No. 920, 921; FI. Stir. exs. No. 1250; FI. exs. austro-hung. No. 2632 and 2633; FI. pol. exs. No. 225. Annual or biennial. Roots slender. Stem 8—30(60) cm tall, decum- bent, procumbent, sometimes rooting or ascending, slender, with long lateral shoots. Plant sparsely villous, sometimes more densely pubescent (f. canescens). Leaves petiolate, with 3—5(7) shallow lobes, suborbicular, cordate or oblong-ovate, 10-25 mm long and broad or broader than long, long-petiolate; middle lobe broader and longer than others, lateral lobes small, obtuse. Flowers solitary on long, hairy, erect pedicels, in axils of ordinary or slightly reduced leaves, almost equaling pedicels or 1/2 as long. Pedicels in fruit recurved, nodding. Calyx 3-4 mm long, deeply parted; lobes broadly deltoid, ovate or orbicular-cordate, erect, acute, with villous-ciliate margin, accrescent and recurved in fruit. Corolla light sky- blue, blue, violet, pink or white, with 4-veined short tube, small, 2-3 mm across, shorter than calyx, with 3 subequal, ovate, obtuse lobes and 1 nar- row ovate lobe. Stamens included, curved, with orbicular anthers. Capsule globose, about 6 mm broad, 5 mm long, extremely inflated, equaling or 2/3 as long as calyx, almost 4-lobed, with rounded-quadrangular lobes, glabrous, obscure emarginate or sinus absent; style short, about 1 mm long. Seeds 2.5-3 mm long, 1-2 in locule, cyathiform, notched, elliptical, weakly rugose. March to June (Plate XVIII, fig. 4). In wastelands, on banks of rivulets, in forest glades, foothills.—Euro- pean USSR: Baltic Region, Ladoga-IImen (weed), Upper Dnieper, Mid- dle Dnieper, Upper Volga, Volga-Don, Trans-Volga Region (Kuibyshev), Black Sea Region, Crimea, Lower Don; Caucasus: Ciscaucasia, Dagestan, western, eastern and southern Transcaucasia; Soviet Central Asia: Aral- Caspian Region, mountainous Turkmenia, Syr Darya, Pamiro-Alai, Tien Shan. General distribution: Scandinavia, Central Europe, Atlantic Europe, Mediterranean Region, Balkan States-Asia Minor, Iran, India-Himalayas, Japan, China. Described from Western Europe. Type in London. 59. V. cymbalaria Bod. Mém. Veronique Cymbal. (1788) 3; Bertol. Amoen. Ital. (1798) 56; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 489; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 255; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 467; Pflanzenfam. IV, 3b, 86; Schmalh. Fl. II, 283; Wulff in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, XV, 148; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 406.—V. cymbalariaefolia Vahl. Enum. 1 (1805) 81. V. cymbalari- folia M.B. FI. taur.-cauc III (1819) 18, 646—Ic.: Rchb. Ic. fl. germ. XX, 418 367 tab. 77, 1698, f. V; Fedtsch. and Fler. Fl. Evrop. Ross. fig. 813; Hegi, Il- lustr. Fl. Mittel-Eur. VI, f. 31 c—d, Javorka és Csapody, Iconogr. fl. Hung. f. 3322; Juel in Acta Horti Berg. 1, 5, tab. II, f. 35.—Exs.: Schulz, Herb. norn. No. 326; Fl. exs. austro-hung. No. 2634; Fl. Palaest. exs. No. 182. Annual. Stem 10—30(60) cm tall, decumbent, soft, with shoots cov- ered with elongated papillae. Leaves with 5—9(11) shallow obtuse lobes, semiorbicular, subcordate or reniform, with truncate or short-cuneate base, long-petiolate; middle lobe slightly larger than others. Flowers in axils of ordinary or reduced leaves, singly on long pedicels, exceeding leaves, pedicels later nodding. Calyx lobes obovate or elliptical, obtuse, nar- rowed toward base, ciliate, extremely diverging in fruit. Corolla light sky- blue or white, sometimes pink, scarcely exceeding calyx, with 4-veined short tube; corolla limb with 3 orbicular-ovate and 1 ovate lobes. Sta- mens included, curved, with ovoid anthers. Capsule extremely inflated, broader than long, 4-lobed, glabrous, covered with papillae or villous, with small sinus; style 1.2—-1.5 mm long, distinctly exserted. Seeds 1-2 in locule, globose, 2.5-3 mm in diameter, weakly rugose, Cyathiform- concave. Otherwise plant similar to V. hederifolia L. April to May. In cultivated soils, in fields. European USSR: Crimea, General distri- bution: Central and Atlantic Europe, Mediterranean Region, Balkan States- Asia Minor. Described from Mediterranean Region. Type in Florence (?). Section 6. Alsinebe Griseb. Spicil. Fl. Rum. and Bith. II (1844) p-p.: Boiss Fl. or. IV, 436, p.p.; Lehm. in Zeitschr. Bot. II, 579, gruppe p.p; Wulff in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, XV, 135, p.p.; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 396, p.p.—Sect. Veronicastrum § annuae Benth. in DC. Prodr. X (1846) 482.—Alsinoides and Veronicastri sp. Koch, Syn. fl. Germ. (1830) 530.—Sect. Omphalospora Bess. Enum. pl. Vohl. (1821) 8, nomen, p.p.—Flowers crowded in terminal or axillary racemes, on dis- tinct pedicels, shorter or longer than calyx. Calyx 4-lobed. Corolla rotate. Capsule compressed on sides or inflated and slightly compressed, often emarginate; capsule valves confluent with placental column, dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds flat, biconvex. Cauline leaves opposite; floral leaves alternate, similar to cauline. Series 1. Microspermae Lehm. in Zeitschr. Bot, II (1910) 60 gruppe.— Racemes terminal, sometimes lateral. Pedicels shorter than calyx or slightly longer, always erect. Calyx lobes parted up to base into 2 unequal pairs of lobes, exceeding corolla, rarely equaling it. Capsule obcordate, compressed. Seeds 4—6(10) in locule, minute, plano-convex. 60. V. arvensis L. Sp. pl..(1753) 13; M.B. Fl. taur. cauc. I, 1; C. Koch, Monogr. Veron. 13; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 483; Ldb. Fl. Ross, III, 249; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 457; Pflanzenfam. IV, 3b, 85; Schmalh. FI. II, 280; Wulff in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, XV, 143; Rompp in Fedde Repert. Beih. 368 419 369 L, 75; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. II, 391; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 401.—V. brevipedunculata Gilib. Fl. lith. 1 (178) 119.—V. hirsuta Luce Topogr. Nachr. Osel (1823) 5—V. micrantha Schur, Enum. pl. transs. (1866) 978.—Ic.: Rchb. Ic. fl. Germ. X, tab. 99, 1720, f. II; Fedtsch. and Fler. Fl. Evrop. Ross. fig. 805; Vestn. Tifl. bot. sada, 28, fig. 19; Syreistsch. Fl. Mosk. gub. p. III, 15; Hegi, Ilustr, Fl. Mittel-Eur. VI, 1, tab. 239, f. 5; Javorka és Csapody, Iconogr. fl. Hung. f. 3314; Sorn. rast. SSSR. IV, fig. 415; Sugawara, Fl. Saghal. IV, 1649, tab. 756 B.—Exs.: GRF, No. 1675; HFAM, No. 158; Pl. Finl. Exs. No. 918, 1306; Fl. pol. exs. No. 62. Annual or biennial. Roots slender. Plant without trailing vegetative shoots, with 2 rows of hairs below, glandular above, patently pubescent. Stem 5-30 cm tall, simple or with spreading branches, weak, slender, erect or partially ascending. Leaves alternate or opposite, in 2—3(4) pairs, 5—13(20) mm long, 4-10 mm broad, cordate-ovate, entire, 3—5-veined; lower leaves with 1-4 mm long petioles, upper subsessile, gradually trans- forming into bracts; cauline leaves entire, dentate or crenate, obtuse, with rounded or subcordate base, glabrous or scattered hairy. Racemes generally many-flowered, terminal; axillary racemes sometimes developing, dense at first, elongated and lax in fruit. Bracts oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate to linear, obtuse, entire or ovate-lanceolate with a few teeth at base, almost equaling or more than 2 times as long as flowers. Pedicels 0.5-1 mm long, 1/2-2/3 as long as calyx, elongated in fruit, becoming longer than calyx and bracts. Calyx 3-4 mm long, glandular-pubescent, parted almost up to base into 4 lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, obtuse lobes, of which 2 are larger than others, with 1 distinct vein and obscure lateral veins, equal- ing or 2 times as long as capsule. Corolla pale sky-blue, 1.5—2(3-5) mm long, with 2 broadly ovate obtuse lobes, 1 ovate-reniform and 1 oblong lobes; corolla tube very short, 5-veined. Stamens with short filaments, much shorter than corolla. Capsule 3-4 mm long, shorter than calyx, compressed, obcordate, bilobed, with rounded lobes, acute or obtuse, deep sinus, 1/4 or 1/3 as long as capsule, subcuneate as base, ciliate along mar- gin, glandular-pubescent; style almost equaling sinus or reaching 1/2 its length. Seeds numerous, ovate, yellowish, smooth or weakly transversely ee Plate XVIII. Veronica crista-galli Stev., general appearance of plant, seed_—2. V. rubrifolia Boiss., gen- eral appearance of plant, capsule, seed—3. V. acinifolia L., general appearance of plant, capsule, seed.—4. V. hederifolia L., general appearance of plant, capsule, seed.—5. V. verna L., caspule—6. V. dillenii Crantz, general appearance of plant, capsule.—7. V. arvensis L., general appearance of plant, capsule. 420 370 rugose, about 1 mm long, about 0.5 mm broad, with small hilum in middle. March-April-September (Plate XVIII, fig. 7). Weed in fields, rarely on dry slopes, in sandy-pebbly soils, on loess mounds of foothills, up to 2000 m. European USSR: Karelia- Lapland, Dvina-Pechora, Baltic Region, Ladoga-IImen, Upper Volga, Volga-Kama, Upper Dnieper, Middle Dnieper, Volga-Don, Trans-Volga Region, Bessarabia, Crimea (?), Black Sea Region, Lower Don; Cau- casus: Ciscaucasia, Dagestan, western, eastern and southern Trans- caucasia, Talysh; Soviet Far East: Sakhalin; Soviet Central Asia: Balkhash Region, Dzh.-Tarbagatai, Syr Darya, Pamiro-Alai, Tien Shan, mountainous Turkmenia. General distribution: Scandinavia, Central Eu- rope, Atlantic Europe, Mediterranean Region, Balkan States-Asia Mi- nor, India-Himalayas, Japan. Described from Western Europe. Type in London. 61. V. peregrina L. Sp. pl. (1753) 14; C. Koch, Monogr. Veron. 33; Benth. in DC. Frodr. X, 482; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 249; Pflanzenfam. IV, 3b, 85; Schmalh. FI. II, 279; Kom. and Alis. Opred. rast. Dalnevost. kr. II, 923; Rompp in Fedde, Repert. Beih. L, 77; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 402.—V. romana L. Sp. pl. (1753) 14——Ic.: Rchb. Ic. fl. Germ. XX, tab. 98, 1719; Fedtsch. and Fler. Fl. Evrop. Ross. fig. 807; Hegi, Illustr. Fl. Mittel-Eur. IV, 1, f. 30 ab; Javorka és Csapody, Iconogr. fl. Hung. f. 3313 —Exs.: Pl. Finl. exs. No. 1305, Fl. exs. austro-hung. No. 2624. Annual. Roots slender, short. Stem (5)10—25(30) cm tall, weak, often partially ascending or decumbent, glandular-puberulent or glabrous, simple or branched in lower part. Leaves 1-2.5 cm long, 3-5 mm broad, glabrous, sessile; upper leaves lanceolate or lanceolate-linear, lower leaves obovate-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, entire or obscurely sinuate-dentate, cuneate, narrowed into broad petiole, spaced. Racemes terminal, glandular or not. Bracts obtuse, spatulate, linear to lanceolate, generally entire, rarely obscurely dentate, much (about 2 times) exceeding flowers and fruit. Pedicels shorter than calyx. Calyx exceeding corolla, with rhombic-lanceolate, glabrous lobes, almost equaling or 1.5 times as long as capsule. Corolla white or pale sky-blue, 3-5 mm long, with subequal oval lobes. Stamens with filaments 1/4-1/3 as long as corolla. Capsule about 4 mm broad, 34 mm long, compressed, glabrous, angular, obcordate or orbicular, subcuneate, obscurely emarginate, shorter than calyx, many-seeded; style about 1 mm long, included. Seeds about 1 mm long, elliptical, smooth. May to June. Along muddy banks and flats, in marshy and inundated places, near ditches, in gardens and vineyards. European USSR: Baltic Region (introduced); Eastern Siberia: Dauria; Soviet Far East: Ussuri 42 — S7a (along Amur and Ussuri rivers). General distribution: Scandinavia, Central Europe, Japan, China. Described from Europe. Type in Berlin. 62. V. dillenii Crantz, Strip. Austr. IV (1769) 352; Wulff in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, XV, 146; Rompp in Fedde, Repert. Beih. L, 77; Grossh- Fl. Kavk. III, 391; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 401—V. verna var. dillenii (Crantz) Fedtsch. in Fedtsch. and Fler. Fl. Evrop. Ross. (1910) 862.—V. verna var. campestris Schmalh. Fl. yugo-zap. Ross. (1886) 433.—V. campestris Schmalh. in Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 10 (1892) 291; Schmalh. Fl. I, 280.—V. acinifolia Schmalh. Fl. II (1897) 280. p.p. non L.—Ic.: Schmalh. in Ber. tab. 16. f. 12, 14, 16; Fedtsch. and Fler. l.c. fig. 84; Vestn. Tifl. bot. sada, 28, fig. 25; Hegi, Illustr. Fl. Mittel-Eur. IV, I, fig. 29 a-d; Javorka és Csapody, Iconogr. Fl. Hung. f. 3311.—Exs.: GRF, No. 278; Gerb. Fl. sov. Ukr. No. 92; Fl. Siles. exs. No. 1137, 881; Fl. exs. austro-hung. No. 2623. Annual or biennial. Stem 10-20 cm tall, glandular, crispate hairy below, patently pubescent above, erect, terminating into inflorescence, branched mainly in upper part. Middle cauline leaves deeply incised into 5-7 lobes, with apical lobe larger, cuneate at base; upper cauline leaves en- tire, lanceolate-linear; floral leaves linear, entire, markedly different from cauline leaves. Flowers in many-flowered, lax, short, racemose inflores- cence on pedicels shorter than calyx and bracts. Calyx exceeding capsule, with unequal lanceolate lobes, sparsely glandular-hairy. Corolla equaling calyx, sky-blue or dark blue, 4.5-5 cm [sic] across, upper lobe broad, orbicular-reniform, lower lobe lanceolate, 2 lateral lobes broadly ovate. Stamens included. Capsule orbicular-obcordate, with 18-26 seeds, shal- lowly emarginate, sparsely glandular-hairy; style much exceeding sinus, 0.9-1.1 mm long, equaling 1/2 length of capsule septum. Seeds flat, ovate, peltate, 1 mm long, 0.75 mm broad. April to June (Plate XVIII, fig. 6). In dry meadows, pine forests, fields, on stony Slopes. European USSR: Baltic Region (?), Volga-Kama, Upper Dnieper, Middle Dnieper, Volga- Don, Black Sea Region, Lower Don, Lower Volga, Crimea; Caucasus: Ciscaucasia, southern and eastern Transcaucasia; Western Siberia: Up- per Tobol, Irtysh, Altai Mountains; Soviet Central Asia: Aral-Caspian Region, Balkhash Region, Dzh.-Tarbagatai. General distribution: Scandi- navia, Central and Atlantic Europe, Mediterranean Region, Balkan States- Asia Minor, Iran. Described from Southern Europe. Type in Vienna. 63. V. verna L. Sp. pl. (1753) 14; M.B. FI. taur.-cauc. I, 17; C. Koch, Monogr. Veron. 11; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 483; Bge. in Ldb. FI. alt. I, 41; Fl. Ross. Ill, 250; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 456; Pflanzenfam. IV, 3b, 85; Schmalh. Fl. I, 280; Wulff in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, XV, 145; Rompp in Fedde, Repert. Beih. L, 76; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2451; Stroh in Beih. 422 S72 Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 401.—V. trifida Gilib. FI. lith. (1781) 121.—Ic.: Hegi, Illustr. Fl. Mittel-Eur. IV, 1, f. 29; Javorka és Csapody, Iconogr. fl. Hung. f. 3310; Syreistsch. III, fl. Mosk. gub. Ill, 156—Exs.: GRF, No. 1680; Pl. Finl. exs. No. 1307; Fl. pol. exs. No. 762°. Annual or biennial. Roots slender. Plant light green, glandular-hairy above. Stem 5—15(30) cm tall, erect, without axillary vegetative shoots, patently pilose, sometimes glandular, simple or branched, leafy, some- times reddish. Lower leaves short-petiolate, ovate, crenate or subentire, - early shedding; middle cauline leaves sessile, pinnatipartite, with 5—7 lin- ear or elongated oblong, obtuse lobes, with middle lobe larger, cuneate at base, 5-12 mm long, 4-7 mm broad, coarsely crenate; upper leaves entire, lanceolate-linear, gradually transforming into 3-partite bracts with linear entire lobes; upper bracts entire. Flowers (10)20-30, in elongated terminal and axillary many-flowered, dense, spicate racemes, later elon- gated and lax. Pedicels generally shorter than bracts and slightly shorter than calyx. Calyx with 4 linear-lanceolate, 1-veined lobes, 2-3 times as long as capsule; calyx lobes sometimes unequal in pairs, almost equal- ing corolla. Corolla 1.8-3 mm across, 1/2 as long as calyx, pinkish sky- blue or pale sky-blue, with blue stripes. Capsule 3 mm long, 4 mm broad, flat, broadly obcordate, with 15 seeds, rounded lobes, generally with cuneate base, shallow obtuse sinus, 1/4 as long as capsule; capsule margin glandular-ciliate; style included or scarcely exserted, 0.5 mm long. Seeds 1 mm long, ovate or orbicular, planoconvex, not sinuate, yellowish, 4—6(10) in locule. March to July (Plate XVIII, fig. 5). In dry meadows, on stony slopes, on sandy-pebbly terraces, in waste- lands; found in mixed-grass steppe in mountains up to 2100 m. European USSR: Karelia-Lapland, Dvina-Pechora, Baltic Region, Ladoga-IImen, Upper Volga, Volga-Kama, Upper Dnieper, Middle Dnieper, Volga-Don, Trans-Volga Region, Black Sea Region, Crimea, Bessarabia, Lower Don, Lower Volga; Caucasus: Ciscaucasia, Dagestan, western, eastern and southern Transcaucasia; Western Siberia: Irtysh, Altai mountains; Soviet Central Asia: Aral-Caspian Region, Balkhash Region, Dzh.-Tarbagatai, mountainous Turkmenia, Pamiro-Alai, Tien Shan. General distribution: Central and Atlantic Europe, Mediterranean Region, Balkan States- Asia Minor, Iran, India-Himalayas. Described from Sweden. Type in London. Note. Gruner has recognized V. verna var. simplex Gruner (from Voronezh Region) with slender, simple stems and entire cauline leaves. Series 2. Rugosae Boriss.—Plant glandular-pubescent. Racemes ter- minal, lax. Bracts similar to cauline leaves. Pedicels exceeding calyx. Calyx with 4 unequal lobes, shorter than corolla. Capsule orbicular-ovate, with oblong-ovate lobes converging at acute angle. Seeds planoconvex, rugose, about 1 mm long. 423 373 64. V. turkmenorum B. Fedtsch. in Fl. Turkm. VI (1954) 273.—Ic.: B. Fedtsch. l.c. Plate XXXVII. Annual. Root slender. Stems branched from base, slender, stout, nu- merous, erect or procumbent, 5-15 cm tall, glandular-puberulent, leafy. Leaves opposite, spaced, with 3-4(7) mm long petioles, upper leaves subsessile, ovate or orbicular-ovate, 5-15 mm long, 4-10 mm broad in lower part, obtuse, with truncate cuneate base, coarsely crenate-dentate, lighter beneath. Raceme long, lax, terminal. Pedicels slender, 2 times as long as calyx, glandular-pubescent, along with inflorescence axis. Bracts similar to cauline leaves, gradually reducing upward. Calyx 4-partite, with oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, sparsely glandular-hairy lobes, similar in pairs, about 5 mm long; 2 anterior lobes broader and longer than posterior. Corolla blue, about 8 mm across, with short tube; corolla limb rotate, with 3 rounded and 1 ovate lobes. Stamens included. Capsule slightly exceed- ing or equaling calyx, orbicular-ovate, 5-7 mm long, 4-6 mm broad, with oblong-ovate lobes, 1/3 diverging at acute angle, with isolated glandular hairs, largely along margin; style slender, erect, 1/2 as long as capsule, 2 times as long as sinus. Seeds slightly over 1 mm long, ovate, obtuse above, dorsally convex and rugose, flat on other side, with rounded hilum in middle and rugose along margin. Flowering July; Fruiting August. On stony slopes in ravines, near snowbanks and springs at about 2300 m.—Soviet Central Asia: mountainous Turkmenia (Kopet-Dag Range, middle section). Endemic. Possibly originating from Iran. De- scribed from Central Kopet-Dag. Type in Leningrad. Series 3. Filiformes Boriss——Plants glabrous or sparsely crispate- pubescent. Floral leaves similar to cauline; all leaves entire. Flowers soli- tary. Pedicels long, much exceeding leaves, slender, nodding in fruit. Cap- sule reticulate-rugose, broader than long. Seeds somewhat flat, rugose. 65. V. filiformis Smith in Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. I (1791) 195; M.B. Fl. taur-cauc. I. 15, p.p.; III, 17. p.p.; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 478; C. Koch, Monogr. Veron. 12; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 251; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 466; Pflanzenfam. IV, 3b, 85; Schmalh. Fl. II, 282; Fedtsch. and Fler. Fl. Evrop. Ross. 864; Wulff in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, XV, 162; Grossh. FI. Kavk. III, 383; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 405.—V. filiformis 3. macrantha Bordz. ex Wulff, 1.c.; Stroh, l.c.—V. filiformis var. subabortiva Reynier in Fedde, Repert. 8 (1910) 33.—Ic.: Rchb. Ic. fl. Germ. tab. 644; Vestn. Tifl. bot. sada, 28, fig. 20.—Exs.: Fl. Cauc. exs. No. 168; GRF, No. 781, 3235. Annual or perennial. Plant sparsely crispate-hairy or glabrous. Stem weak, slender, partially ascending, 10-30 cm long, branched, with numer- ous, slender, elongated, rooting branches. Upper leaves alternate, lower op- posite, ovate or orbicular, (3)5—10(15) mm long and broad, short-petiolate, 424 425 374 coarsely crenate, obtuse, with subcordate or rounded base, scattered hairy with isolated flat hairs or glabrous; floral leaves reduced, similar to cauline. Flowers borne singly on slender pedicels, 24 times as long as leaves, nod- ding or weakly bent in fruit, generally patently hairy, in axils of ordinary or slightly reduced leaves. Calyx lobes elliptical or lanceolate, 2.5—4 mm long;-subacute, slightly diverging at tips, diffusely glandular. Corolla sky- blue or whitish, exceeding calyx, 8-13 mm across; 3 corolla lobes reni- form or orbicular, subequal, lower lobe obovate, 2/3 as broad as others; corolla tube very short. Stamens included. Capsule inflated, orbicular- , cordate, bilobed; lobes rounded, joining at acute or right angle, slightly diverging, connate up to near tip, generally with narrow sinus, diffuse- glandular, finely reticulate, about 5 mm broad, 4 mm long; style generally 2 times as long as sinus, about 4 mm long. Seeds 8-10 in locule, elliptical to oblong, flat, about 1 mm long, weakly tuberculate-rugose or smooth. June to August. In shady mountain forests and meadows, at altitudes of 1000-2400 m. Sometimes growing as weed; rarely found in plains. European USSR: Crimea (Yalta, introduced); Caucasus: Ciscaucasia, Dagestan, western, southern and eastern Transcaucasia, Talysh. General distribution: Cen- tral and Atlantic Europe, Balkan States-Asia Minor, Armenia-Kurdistan, Iran. Described from Caucasia. Type in London. 66. V. ceratocarpa C.A.M. Verz. Pflanz. Cauc. Casp. Meer (1831) 106; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 485; Ldb. Fl. Ross. II, 251; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 460; Schmalh. Fl. IJ, 281; Wulff in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, XV, 142; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 391; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 405.—V. reticulata C. Koch in Linnaea, XXII (1849) 702; XXIII, 552.—Ic.: Vestn. Tifl bot. sada, 28, fig. 26; Juel in Acta Horti. Berg. 1, No. 5, tab. II, f. 21.—Exs.: Fl. Cauc. exs. No. 492; Fl. exs. austro-hung. No. 2628. Annual. Plant sparsely crispate-hairy, 14-30 cm tall, with elongated, weak, spreading branches, arising from profusely branched base. Leaves short-petiolate, ovate to oblong, 0.5-2 cm long, 0.3-1.5 cm broad, with subcuneate or rounded base, sparsely diffusely pubescent surface. Flowers in leaf axils on filiform replicate or nodding pedicels up to 25 mm long, 4—5 times as long as calyx and 2-3 times as long as bracts at fruiting stage. Calyx with lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acute or obtuse lobes united at base, slightly longer than or equaling capsule, sparsely puberulent; calyx lobes in fruit recurved. Corolla pale sky-blue, 8-10 mm across, slightly exceeding calyx, with short tube and 5 veins; limb with 3 orbicular and 1 ovate obtuse lobes. Stamens included, with black anthers, slightly di- verging at base, on thickened curved filaments. Capsule almost drooping, compressed, sparsely hairy, pubescent or glabrous and ciliate only along margin, recticulate-rugose due to thick bulging veins, about 10 mm broad, 426 Suis) 5 mm long, bicornate, with curved, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse lobes, di- verging at right or obtuse angle above middle; style about 0.5 cm long, exserted from obtuse sinus; capsule chambers with 2-3 seeds. Seeds some- what flat, deltoid-orbicular or ovate, 2-3 mm long, radially rugose, with pressed hilum. April to May (Plate XVII, fig. 3). Dry meadows, shrubby thickets, along ravines in mountains up to 1800 m. Caucasus: Dagestan, western, eastern and southern Transcaucasia, Talysh. General distribution: Iran, Europe (introduced). Described from Lenkoran. Type in Leningrad. Series 4. Acinifoliae Lehm. in Zeitschr. Bot. II (1910) 598, p. p.—Cauline leaves different from bracts. All leaves entire. Inflorescence slightly separated from rest of plant. Pedicels erect or diverging, generally many times longer than calyx. Capsule deeply bilobed, with narrow or obtuse sinus. Seeds 7—10 in locule, flat, smooth. 67. V. perpusilla Boiss. Diagn. pl. or. I, 7(1846) 43; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X. 490.—V. nudicaulis Kar. and Kir. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XV (1842) 415, non Lam. (1805); Benth in DC. Prodr. X, 486; Ldb. FI. Ross. III, 252; Boiss. Fl. or IV, 458; Wulff in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, 167.—V. acinifolia Rompp in Fedde, Repert. Beih. L (1929) 63, p.p. non L.—V. acinifolia var. karelini and var. glabrata Trautv. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 39, 2 (1866) 439.—V. acinifolia var. nudicaulis (Kar. and Kir.) Rompp, lI.c.; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 398. Annual. Root slender. Plant diffusely puberulent in upper part or glabrous. Stem 2-12(20) cm tall, filiform, almost simple or branched below. Leaves opposite, 3-5 mm long, 1-2.5 mm broad, entire, oblong or oblong-ovate, glandular ciliate along margin, narrowed toward base, subsessile; lower leaves with 1-2 mm long petioles, obtuse, lower leaves generally withering; floral leaves oblong, narrowed toward base, broad- ened above, upper ones sublinear, equaling pedicels or shorter, hairy along margin, especially toward base. Racemes few-flowered, short or somewhat elongated, lax, with spaced fruit. Flowers solitary in leaf axils. Pedicels shorter than leaves, curved and diverging in fruit, 1.5-3 times as long as calyx and bracts, with scattered, glandular, patent hairs. Calyx incised almost up to base, glabrous or glandular-ciliate, with linear-lanceolate or oblong-ovate, obtuse or subobtuse lobes with 1 or 3 veins; midrib generally dark, lateral veins obscure. Corolla shorter than or equaling calyx, pale sky-blue. Capsule 4-5 mm broad, about 3 mm long, reniform-obcordate, glabrous, diffusely glandular or ciliate only along margin, compressed, bilobed, 2/3 connate; capsule lobes orbicular-ovate, diverging; locule with 4—5 seeds; style 1/2 as long as sinus. Seeds flat, elliptical, about 1 mm long, 0.5 mm broad, inserted at base. Flowering from April to June. 42 Ne) 376 Along banks of rivers, lakes and marshes, in sandy-pebbly soils of riverine terraces and rangelands; from foothills to alpine zone—European USSR: Volga-Kama (Zilairsk Cant.) Crimea; Caucasus: eastern and south- ern Transcaucasia; Western Siberia: Upper Tobol, Irtysh; Soviet Central Asia: Aral-Caspian Region (Akmolinsk, Mangyshlak), Dzh.-Tarbagatai, mountainous Turkmenia, Tien Shan, Pamiro-Alai. General distribution: Iran, Described from Iran. Type in Geneva, isotype in Leningrad. Note: Var. glabrata Trautv. [Bull. Soc. Mosc. XXXIX (1855) 439; FI. Zap. Sib. X, 2453], characterized by small, entire, oblong leaves, pedicels diverging in fruit, a very short style and larger seeds has been recognized. 68. V. minima C. Koch in Linnaea, XXII (1849) 700; Grossh. FI. Kavk. III, 390.—V. biloba var. minima C. Koch in Linnaea, XVII (1843) 288; Wulff in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, XV, 138.—V. hispidula Boiss. and Huet. Diagn. Pl. or. II, 3 (1856) 172; Boiss. Fl. or. 1V, 460; Rompp in Fedde, Repert. Beih. L, 64; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 399.—V. nudi- caulis var. eglandulosa Ldb. Fl. Ross. III (1847-1849) 252.—V. ixodes Boiss. and Bal. Diagn. PI. or. II, 3 (1856) 172. Annual. Stem simple or branched, 2—10(15) cm tall, erect, slender, puberulent or subglabrous. Cauline leaves sessile, often in 2 distant pairs, oblong or lanceolate, 4-8 mm long, 2-3 mm broad, entire, puberulent or glabrous; floral leaves narrowed toward base, 1-5 times as long as pedicels. Flowers 3-6, small. Calyx parted almost up to base into 4 oblong-lanceolate, glabrous or subglabrous lobes, almost equaling pedicels, slightly shorter than capsule. Corolla slightly exceeding calyx. Capsule glabrous, bilobed, 3-4 mm long, about 5 mm broad, with lobes connate almost up to middle; style 1/2 as long as sinus. Seeds 8-10 in locule, plano-convex, elliptical, about 1 mm long. Flowering in May. In alpine zone. Caucasus: southern Transcaucasia. General distribu- tion: Armenia-Kurdistan, Balkan States-Asia Minor. Described from east- ern foothills of Alagez mountain. Type in Berlin. 69. V. acinifolia L. Sp. pl. (1762) 19; C. Koch, Monogr. Veron. 11; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 484; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 252; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 458; Pflanzenfam. IV, 3a, 85; Schmalh. Fl. II, 280, p.p.; Wulff in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, XV, 141; Rompp in Fedde, Repert. Beih. L, 63 p.p.; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 392; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 398.—V. acinifolia L. var. typica Trautv. in Tr. Bot. sada, VII (1881) 494.—V. romana Georgi, Beschr. Russ. Reich. III, 4 (1800) 652.—V. gorumensis Boiss. and Kotschy ex Boiss. Fl. or. IV (1879) 458.—V. coniosperma Wallr. in Linnaea, 14 (1840) 533.—Ic.: Rchb. Ic. fl. germ. XX, tab. 98, 1719, I; Fedtsch. and Fler. Fl. Evrop. Ross. fig. 806; Hegi, Illustr. Fl. Mittel-Eur. IV, 1. f. 29, 430 377 f-h; Javorka es Csapody, Iconogr. fl. Hung. f. 3312; Juel in Acta Horti Berg. 1, 5, tab. II, f. 30—Exs.: Fl. exs. austro-hung. No. 2626; FI. Ital. exs. No. 1121. Annual. Roots slender, short. Plant without vegetative shoots, (5)8-20(25) cm tall, glandular-hairy. Stems simple or branched, lateral’ branches ascending, others erect. Leaves crenate or entire, generally glandular-pubescent or glabrous; lower leaves short-petiolate, upper sessile, ovate or suborbicular, 6-10 mm long, 3-6 mm broad, obtuse or emarginate rounded or short-cuneate at base; upper leaves gradually transforming into leaflike bracts, lower leaves into elliptical or oblong- lanceolate bracts, gradually attenuating from both ends, entire or dentate. Upper bracts lanceolate. Inflorescence indiscernibly demarcated; flowers in terminal, sometimes in lateral racemes. Pedicels slender, equaling or 2 times as long as bracts, 2-4 times as long as calyx in fruit, erect or slightly curved, glandular. Calyx slightly shorter than capsule; lobes oblong to broadly lanceolate, suobtuse, diffusely glandular along margin. Corolla larger than calyx, deep sky-blue, with dark veins, yellowish in throat, with broad, orbicular-reniform upper lobe, 2 lateral orbicular-ovate lobes and 1 lower subacute, oblong and the smallest lobe; corolla tube very short, with 4 veins. Stamens almost equaling corolla or included, somewhat curved. Capsule broader (4-6 mm) than long, glandular, compressed, exceeding calyx, bilobed almost up to middle, with rounded lobes, diverging at acute angle, with narrow acute sinus, glandular-ciliate along margin: style equaling sinus. Seeds 7-8 in locule, flat, peltate, oval, about 0.5 mm long, smooth, with hilum in middle. April to June (Plate XVIII, fig. 3). On grassy slopes, in moist, low-lying soils, on pebble~beds, in fields, among crops and in vineyards, up to 1500 m. European USSR: Baltic Region (?), Crimea (Yalta); Caucasus: Ciscaucasia, eastern and south- ern Transcacasia, Talysh. General distribution: Central and Southern Europe, Mediterranean Region, Balkan States-Asia Minor, Armenia- Kurdistan, Iran, India-Himalayas. Described from Western Europe. Type in London. Note. Besides the glandular form, an eglandular, pubescent form is found in Crimea, having a capsule with the lobes connate almost up to tip and with a short style. Capsule about 3 mm long and broad, with a cuneate base. This form may be a separate race. Section 7. Chamaedrys Griseb. Spicil. fl. Rum. and Bith. II (1844) 28; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 469; Pflanzenfam. IV, 3b; 86; Wulff in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, XV, 97.—Chamaedryos Koch, Syn. fl. Germ. (1837) 524.—Racemes axillary, opposite, sometimes solitary, alternate, lax. Flowers distinctly pedicellate. Bracts small, very rarely lower bracts similar to leaves. Calyx 4- or 5-partite. Corolla with very short tube, rotate. Capsule extremely 378 i oe lea ADA! i Io U = 431 379 compressed on sides with valves connate up to the apex, adnated to pla- cental column, very often emarginate, loculicidal. Seeds 2-10 in. locule, compressed, flat, biconvex or scaphoid. Perennial herbs, sometimes woody at base and often caespitose, trailing, partially ascending or erect, with spreading branches, somewhat pubescent. Leaves opposite, not fleshy- Subsection 1. Planiconvexae Boriss.—Seeds flat or biconvex. Series 1. Euchamaedrys Riek in Fedde, Repert. LXXIX (1935) 10.—Stem partially ascending at base, or trailing and rooting. Leaves or- bicular to oblong-ovate, sessile or short-petiolate. Calyx 4-partite. Capsule compressed, broader than long, with cuneate or rounded base, broadly emarginate, shorter than calyx. Seeds trigonous, biconvex or somewhat flat. 70. V. chamaedrys L. Sp. pl. I (1753) 13; M.B. FI. taur.-cauc. I, 11; C. Koch, Monogr. Veron. 17; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 474; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 243, p.p.; Boiss, Fl. or. IV, 446; Pflanzenfam. IV, 3b, 86; Schmalh. Fl. 0, 275; Wulff in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, XV, 110; Rompp in Fedde, Repert. Beih. L, 131; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2560; Riek in Fedde, Repert. Beih. LXXIX, 56; Keller in Bot. Kozl. XXXVII, 3-4, 152; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 233.—V. chamaedrys L. a. legitima Ldb. l.c. (1847-1849) 243.—V. chamaedrys /3. pilosa Benth. in DC. |.c. (1846) 475; Ldb. l.c.—V. pilosa L. Sp. pl. (1763) 1663.—Veronicella chamaedrys Fourr. in Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon. N. S. XVII (1869) 128—Ic.: Rchb. Ic. Fl. Germ. XX, tab. 83, 1704, f. II; tab. 212, 1833, f. II; Fedtsch. and Fler, Fl. Evrop. Ross. fig. 820; Hegi. Illustr. Fl. Mittel-Eur. IV, 1, tab. 237, f. 5; Javorka es Csapody, Icon. fl. Hung. f. 3291; Vestn. Tifl. bot. sada, 28; fig. 11; Syreistsch. Ill. fl. Mosk. gub. III, 146—Exs.: GRF, No. 1179; Pl. Finl. exs. No. 914 and 1304; FI. pol. exs. No. 61 b; Fl. Ital. exs. No. 1932; Fl. exs. austro-hung. No. 3701; FI lith. exs. No. 73. Perennial. Rootstock slender, branched, creeping. Stem 10—45(50) cm tall, with 2 rows of scattered soft articulate hairs, alternating in various internodes, glabrous in other parts, partially ascending at base or trailing and rooting. Leaves orbicular-ovate to oblong-ovate, 1.5-3 cm long, 1-2 cm broad, subobtuse, incise-crenate or crenate, rarely almost pinnatisect into obtuse lobes, pubescent, rugose, rounded or subcordate at base; lower leaves short-petiolate, others sessile. Recemes opposite, lax, few-flowered, 2-20 cm long, in axils of 2-4 upper leaves. Bracts Plate XIX. 1. Veronica melissifolia Desf., upper part of plant, flower capsule.—2. V. krylovii Schischk., upper part of plant, corolla, capsule, seed.—3. V. taurica Willd., upper part of plant, corolla, capsule, seed. 432 380 lanceolate or oblong, shorter than or equaling calyx and pedicels. Pedicels of lower flowers longer than bracts and calyx, erect in fruit. Calyx 4-partite, somewhat pubescent, ciliate, with lanceolate lobes, 1/2 as long as corolla. Corolla 10-15 cm across, bright sky-blue, white-fringed, with dark veins, sometimes with white lower lobe and throat, or pink, with 3 broad, reniform or orbicular and 1 ovate-oblong lobes. Stamens included, with white filaments. Capsule 2.5—3 mm long, 3.5—-4 mm broad, deltoid- obcordate, sparsely pubescent or pilose, ciliate, 1/2—2/3 as long as calyx, compressed, with deltoid lobes, cuneate base, shallowly emarginate; style curved, longer than calyx. Seeds numerous, flat, about 1 mm long, slightly less than 1 mm broad, ovate, smooth. April to August. In dry-valley forest meadows, in forest, forest-steppe and steppe zones, among shrubs, in gardens, fields. European USSR: Karelia-Lapland, Dvina-Pechora, Baltic Region, Ladoga-IImen, Upper Volga, Volga-Kama, Upper Dnieper, Middle Dnieper, Volga Don, Trans-Volga Region, Upper Dniester, Bessarabia, Crimea, Lower Don, Lower Volga; Caucasus: Cis- caucasia, Dagestan, western, eastern and southern Transcaucasia; Western Siberia: Upper Tobol, Ob’ Region, Irtysh, Altai mountains (rare); East- ern Siberia: Angara-Sayan (Minusinsk, Krasnoyarsk); Soviet Far East: Sakhalin (introduced); Soviet Central Asia: Tarbagatai forest (rare), Tien Shan (vicinity of Alma-Ata, introduced). General distribution: Scan- dinavia, Central and Atlantic Europe, Mediterranean Region, Balkan States-Asia Minor, Armenia-Kurdistan. Described from Western Europe. Type in London. Note. A polymorphic plant. Glabrous and pilose forms (var. pilosa Benth.) occur. 71. V. melissifolia Desf. ex Poiret, Encycl. meth. VIII (1805) 526; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 472; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 447; Schmalh. FI. II, 275; Wulff in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, XV, 104; Rompp in Fedde, Repert. Beih. L, 132; Grossh. Fl. Kavk III, 385; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 421; Riek in Fedde, Repert. LXXIX, 61.—V. melissaefolia 3. maxima Benth, in DC. Prodr. X (1846) 472.—V. maxima Stev. in Mém Soc. Nat. Mosc. II (1809) 179, tab. 11, f. 8; M.B. FI. taur.-cauc. III, 13; C. Koch, monogr. Veron. 19; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 242.—V. maxima 8. stricta C. Koch in Linnaea, XXII—XXIII (1848) 692—V. urticaefolia auct. non Jacq.; Pall. Ind. taur. (1796) 99; Georgi, Beschr. Russ. Reich. III, 652.—Fedia maxima Roem. and Schult. Syst. veg. I (1817) 366.—Ic.: Stev. l.c.; Buxb. Cent. I, tab. 34; Vestn. Tifl. Bot. sada, 28, fig. 17; Riek, l.c. tab. II, Abb. 5.—Exs.: GRF, No. 1079. Perennial. Stem partially ascending, 50-90 cm tall, patently crispate- hairy. Leaves sparsely pilose or subglabrous, ovate, almost incise-dentate, with rounded or cordate base; lower leaves sessile, obtuse, upper subacute, 433 381 sometimes with very short petioles. Flowers in axillary, long lax, many- flowered, paniculate racemes. Pedicels erect, shorter than linear bracts and calyx. Calyx with 4 broadly lanceolate, equal 5-7 mm long lobes. Corolla about 5—8 mm across, pale sky-blue or whitish, almost equaling calyx; corolla limb rotate, with 3 almost identical, orbicular or orbicular- ovate and 1 oblong lobes. Stamens equaling corolla, with dark anthers. Capsule shorter than calyx, compressed, cordate, broader than long, with broad sinus, cuneate or somewhat rounded base; style equaling capsule, slender, curved. Seeds trigonous, biconvex, distinctly rugose. May to July (Plate XIX, fig. 1). In shady forests, forest glades, among shrubby thickets, in moun- tains up to 2100 m, in gardens. Caucasus: Ciscaucasia, western, eastern and southern Transcaucasia, Talysh (rare). General distribution: Balkan States-Asia Minor, Armenia-Kurdistan. Described from cultivated speci- men. Type in Paris. 72. V. umbrosa M.B. FI. taur.-cauc. I (1808) 11, 414; III (1819) 12; C. Koch, Monogr. Veron. 15; Benth. in DC Prodr. X, 474; Wulff in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, XV, 108; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 387; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 420.—V. peduncularis M.B. Beschr. Casp. pl. (1800) 126, p.p.—Schmalh. Fl. II, 275, p.p.; Rompp in Fedde, Repert. Beih. L, 133, p.p.—V. chamaedrys 3. peduncularis Ldb. FI. Ross. III (1847-1849) 243, p.p.—V. peduncularis var. umbrosa (M.B.) Boiss. Fl. or. TV (1879) 440.—Ic.: M.B. Cent. pl. I, tab. VII: Riek in Fedde, Repert. Beih. LXXIX, tab. X, 28.—Exs.: Fl. cauc. exs. No. 194; Pl. or. exs. No. 396. Perennial. Plant 10-40 cm tall. Roots fibrous. Stem decumbent, root- ing, fruiting stems ascending, glabrous or diffusely pubescent slender, slightly angular, sometimes reddish. Leaves sessile or short-petiolate, broad, ovate to oblong, obtuse or acute; middle leaves 10-30 mm long, 4—15 mm broad, serrate, entire at base, glabrous or sparsely pubescent; up- per leaves lanceolate, serrate or entire. Racemes axillary, alternate, many- flowered, lax, long; inflorescence axis somewhat glandular-pubescent. Pedicels 2—3 times as long as calyx, filiform, horizontally diverging in fruit. Bracts ovate, entire. Calyx 4-partite, with oblong-lanceolate or ob- long, almost equal acute lobes. Corolla 6-15 mm across, whitish, with dark veins, blue or pink, exceeding calyx. Capsule much shorter than calyx, enclosed, slightly emarginate, compressed, broader than long, with truncate base, glandular-pubescent. Seeds biconvex or plano-convex, large, 2-5 in locule. March to April. In shady forests, on rocks in middle mountain zone. European USSR: Crimea, Lower Don; Caucasus: Ciscaucasia, western and eastern Tran- scaucasia. Endemic. Described from Crimea (‘Karasu-bazar’). Type in Leningrad. 434 382 73. V. nigricans C. Koch in Linnaea, XVII (1843) 288, XXII (1848) 693: Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 255; Fl. Gruz. VII, 573.—V. peduncularis auct. Cauc. non M.B.—V. montana auct. Cauc. non L. Perennial. Plant blackening when dry. Stems numerous, procumbent, rarely partially ascending or erect. All leaves petiolate, ovate, often with two tows of hairs, dentate, appressed hairy. Racemes lax, axillary, ex- ceeding stem tips. Pedicels 3 times as long as bracts, somewhat curved in fruit, 2-3 times as long as calyx. Calyx with 4 oblong, acute lobes. Cap- sule rather hard, equaling calyx, glabrous, orbicular, slightly compressed on sides near base, with acute-angled sinus. Seeds flat. April to June. Caucasus: western Transcaucasia (Mingrelia). Endemic. Described from Caucasus. Type in Berlin. Series 2. Pentasepalae (Benth.) Rompp in Fedde, Repert. Beih. L (1928) 97, gruppe—Subsect. Pentasepalae Benth. in DC. Prodr. X (1846) 469.—§ Austriacae Wulf in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, XV (1915) 116, p-p.—Stems not caespitose. Leaves entire, ovate to linear-lanceolate and linear, sessile or short-petiolate. Racemes opposite, dense. Calyx 5-partite, rarely 4-partite, with unequal teeth, Sth tooth much smaller than others. Capsule broadly obovate to orbicular, shorter than or equaling calyx, rounded at base, slightly emarginate. Seeds flat peltate. 74. V. teucrium L. Sp. pl. I (1762) 16; Willd. Sp. pl. I, 66; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 469; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 448. p.p.; Pflanzenfam. IV, 3, 86; Wulff in Tr. Tifl. bot. Sada, XV, 116; Rompp in Fedde, Repert. Beih. L, 101; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2456; Keller in Bot, Kozler XXXVII, 3-4, 128; Stroh in Beith. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 408.—V. latifolia 8. major, -. minor 6. caule stricto C. Koch, Monogr. Veron. (183) 21.—V. latifolia L. Sp. pl. (1753) 13; Benth. I.c.; M.B. Fl. taur.-cauc. I, 10, 413; Ldb. Fl. Ross, III, 239; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 449.—V. latifolia 3. minor Ldb. l.c. 240, p.p.; C. Koch in Linnaea, XVII, 287.—V. teucrium a. latifolia Schmalh. Fl. Il (1897) 277.—V. teucrium a. typica Lindem. Fl. Cher- son. 2 (1882) 52.—V. pseudochamaedrys Jacquin, Fl. Austr. I (1773) 36; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 388.—V. teucrium ssp. pseudochamaedrys (Jacq.) Nym. Consp. Fl. Europ. (1878-1882) 545, p.p.; Stroh l.c.—V. anisophylla C. Koch, l.c.—V. teucrium var. anisophylla Trautv. in Tr. Peterb. bot. sada, 4 (1873) 574.—V. teucrium var. integerrima Trautv. l.c. (1876) 173; Stroh, l.c.—Ic.: Jacquin, l|.c., tab. 60; Syreistsch. Ill. fl. Mosk. gub. III, 148; Vestn. Tifl. bot, sada, 28, fig. 14; Hegi, Illustr. Fl. Mittel-Eur. VI, 1, tab. 238, [f.] Javorka és Csapody, Iconogr. fl. Hung. f. 3298—Exs.: GRF, No. 93; Eston. pl. No. 173; Fl. pol. exs. No. 223, a, b;—FI. exs. austro-hung. No. 92; Fl. Hung. exs. No. 456. Perennial. Rootstock creeping, fusiform. Plant somewhat crispate- hairy. Stems single or 2-3, erect or ascending, 15(30)—-70(100) cm 435 383 tall, rather thick. Leaves entire, ovate or oblong-ovate, 3—5.5 cm long, 1.5-2.5 cm broad, cordate-deltoid, subamplexicaul, sessile or short- petiolate, serrate-dentate to incise-crenate, very rarely subentire, glabrous above, hairy beneath, Racemes opposite, 2—7 in axils of upper leaves, dense, 6-15 cm long. Pedicels slender, erect, crispate-hairy, equaling or slightly longer than linear-lanceolate or linear bracts and calyx. Calyx unequally 5-partite, rarely 4-partite, 5th tooth about 1.5 mm long; calyx lobes linear-lanceolate to subulate, 3-4 mm long, glabrous or some- what pilose. Corolla 9-17 mm across, bright blue, pink or white, with dark veins, white in throat and pilose; corolla lobes unequal, ovate, or 3 orbicular-ovate and 1 ovate, acute. Stamens almost equaling corolla; anthers ovoid, blue, filaments blue. Capsule broadly obovate or obcordate to orbicular 3—3.5(5.5) mm long, glabrous or sparsely hairy, with rounded base, with shallow, narrow sinus. Style long, filiform, curved, 1.5 times as long as capsule. Seeds flat, peltate, about 1.5 mm broad. May to June. In meadows, along forest edges, among scrub and in open forests. European USSR: Karelia-Lapland, Dvina-Pechora, Ladoga-IImen, Baltic Region, Upper Volga, Volga-Kama, Upper Dnieper, Middle Dnieper, Volga-Don, Trans-Volga Region, Upper Dniester, Black Sea Region, Crimea, Lower Don, Lower Volga; Caucasus: Ciscaucasia, eastern Transcaucasia; Western Siberia: Ob’ Region. Upper Tobol, Irtysh. General distribution: Central and Atlantic Europe, Mediterranean Region, Armenia-Kurdistan. Described from Western Europe. Type in London. 75. V. dentata Schmidt, Fl. Bohem. I (1793) 20; M.B. FI. taur.- cauc. III, 11; C. Koch, Monogr. Veron. 121—-V. austriaca L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10 (1759) 849, p.p.; Sp. pl. ed. 2, 17, ex parte—V. austriaca a. den- tata Koch, Syn. fl. Germ. (1837) 526; Ldb. fl. Ross. III, 238, p.p.—V. teu- crium 2. angustifolia Vahl, Enum. pl. I (1805) 76.—V. austriaca ssp. den- tata (Schmidt) Watzl in Abh. zool.-bot. Gesellsch. Wien, V, 5 (1910) 53; Wulff in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, XV, 122; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 411.—V. teucrium b. dentata Celak. Prodr. Fl. Bohem. (1867) 327; Schmalh. Fl. II, 277.—V. teucrium b. austriaca Celak. l.c. 329.—V. pros- trata c. angustifolia Benth. in DC. Prodr. X (1846) 470.—V. montana Pall. ex Ldb. Fl. Ross. III (1847-1849) 238, non L.—V. austriaca x V. latifo- lia Kusnez. in Bull. Acad Pétersb. sér. 5, VI (1897) 190.—Veronicastrum dentatum Opiz, Seznam (1852) 102.—Ic.: Rchb. Ic. fl. Germ. XX, tab. 89, 1710, f.1. Il; Hegi, Illustr. Fl. Mittel-Eur. VI, 1, fig. 33a; Javorka es Csapody, Iconogr. fl. Hung. No. 3297.—Exs.: Fl. exs. austro-hung. No. 924; Fl. Hung. exs. No. 454; Fl. exs. Reipubl. Boh.-Slov. No. 1168. Perennial. Rootstock long. Plant 30-80 cm tall. Stems erect, single or few, somewhat densely pilose. Cauline leaves entire, oblong or oblong- lanceolate to lanceolate-linear, up to 7.5 cm long, 2.5 cm broad, serrate 436 384 or serrate-dentate, with regularly spaced teeth, rarely entire, sometimes with reflexed margin, sessile or short-petiolate, generally acute rarely sub- obtuse, pilose; leaves of terminal shoots numerous, much different from cauline leaves, narrow, linear, entire or with few teeth, rarely serrulate. Racemes lateral, axillary, elongated, many-flowered. Bracts linear. Calyx 5- or 4-partite, with unequal lobes; one lobe much smaller than others, all glabrous or pubescent, lanceolate, subobtuse. Corolla 10-13 mm across, bright blue or violet, hairy in throat, with unequal lobes, 3 subobtuse, ovate and 1 oblong, obtuse. Stamens slightly included. Capsule obovate-cordate, somewhat emarginate, glabrous or pubescent. Style filiform, 2 times as long as calyx and 1.5 times as long as capsule. June to August. In open forests, forest-steppes, less often in steppes, in mountains up to 1700 m. European USSR: Upper Dnieper, Middle Dnieper, Volga-Don, Bessarabia, Upper Dniester, Crimea (?), Lower Don; Caucasus: southern Transcaucasia. General Distribution: Scandinavia, Central and Atlantic Europe, Balkan States-Asia Minor, Armenia-Kurdistan. Described from Western Europe. Type in Berlin? 76. V. krylovii Schischk. in Fl. Zap. Sib. X (1939) 2457.—V. teucrium ssp. altaica Watzl. in Abh. zool.-bot. Geselsch. Wien, V, 5 (1910) 49, non V. altaica Fisch.; stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 410.—V. teucrium Bge. in Ldb. FI. alt. I (1829) 40, non L.; Kryl. Fl. Alt. 946; Turcz. Fl. baic.-dah..2, 244,—V. teucrium var. minor Trautv. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXIX, 2 (1866) 439; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2458.—-V. latifolia 8. minor Ldb. FI. Ross. III (1847-1849) 240, partim. Perennial. Stems (10)25—45(50) cm tall, several, sometimes single, erect or ascending at base, with leaves extending up to tips. Leaf surface covered with short twisted hairs; leaves opposite, puberulent, more densely pubescent beneath, sessile, oblong-ovate to lanceolate and linear-lanceolate, 1.54 cm long, 0.3-3 cm broad, acute, with rounded or broadly cunneate base, serrate- or incise-dentate. Flowers in 2-4 opposite racemes, in up- per leaf axils. Pedicels of lower flowers longer than lanceolate, puberulent bracts and calyx; other pedicels almost equaling them. Calyx 5-partite, with lanceolate-linear lobes, with 1 lobe smaller than others. Corolla light blue, sometimes pink, 6-7 mm long and 10-13 mm across, 2 times as long as ca- lyx; corolla lobes ovate or broadly ovate, obtuse. Capsule 4—5 mm long, al- most equaling calyx, obcordate-ovate, nearly as long as broad, with shallow, narrow sinus and rounded base; style long, almost equaling sinus. Seeds flat, yellowish orbicular, 1-1.5 mm in diameter. May to July (Plate XIX, fig. 2). In denuded forests, along forest edges, in dry-valley and inundated meadows; along stony mountain slopes, up to lower alpine zone.—Western Siberia: Ob’ Region, Irtysh, Altai mountains; Eastern Siberia: Angara- Sayan (Irkutsk): Soviet Central Asia: Aral-Caspian Region, Syr Darya 437 385 (Martuk Station), Dzh.-Tarbagatai, Endemic. Described from Altai moun- tains. Type in Leningrad. 77. V. prostrata L. Sp. pl. (1762) 17; M.B. FI. taur.-cauc. 1, 10, 413, p.p.: C. Koch, Monogr. Veron. 21; Pflanzenfam. IV, 3b, (1895) 86; Schmalh. Fl. Il, 276; Wulff in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, XV, 119; Grossh. FI. Kavk. III, 388; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2458; Rompp in Fedde, Repert. Beih. L, 103; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 407.—V. austriaca Bge. Beitrage z. Kenntn. d. Fl. Russl. (1851) 426; Steven, Verzeichn. 269, p-p.—V. austriaca a. dentata Ldb. Fl. Ross. III (1847-1849) 238, p.p.—V. austriaca a. prostrata Kauffm. Mosk. Fl. (1866) 350.—V. den- tata Zinger, Sb. sved. (1885) 327, non Schmidt.—Veronicastrum prostra- tum Opiz, Seznam (1852) 102, p.p.—tic.: Fedtsch. and Fler. Fl. Evrop. Ross. 817; Wulff in Vestn. Tifl. bot, sada, 28, fig. 12; Hegi, Illustr. Fl. Mittel-Eur. VI, 1, f. 32; Javorka és Csapody, Iconogr. fl. Hung. f. 3295.—Exs.: GRF, No. 983; Fl. Hung. exs. No. 455; Fl. exs. austro-hung. No. 926; Fl. Podol. exs. No. 979. Perennial. Plant grayish, uniformly puberulent. Stems 5—30 cm tall, numerous, vegetative stems decumbent, flowering stems ascending. Leaves short-petiolate, lower leaves narrowly ovate, upper oblong-lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, narrowed into very short petiole, obtuse, crenate, 1—2 cm long, 3-8 mm broad. Racemes lateral, opposite, in 2-4 upper leaf axils, 1.5-4 cm long, dense, many-flowered. Pedicels shorter than linear-lanceolate bracts and calyx. Calyx 5-partite, with unequal, linear- lanceolate lobes, exceeding capsule; two anterior lobes 2 times as long as posterior, 5th lobe 1/3 as long as anterior. Corolla 5-8 mm across, bluish lilac or pale sky-blue, lobes 4-5 mm long; one tobe orbicular- ovate, 2 subacute, identical, broadly ovate, and 1 ovate, obtuse. Stamens much shorter than corolla. Capsule 3-5 mm long, broadly obovate or obcordate, longer than broad, with rounded base, glabrous or minutely puberulent, with shallow and acute sinus; style long, equaling capsule. Seeds orbicular peltate, 1 mm long, about 1 mm broad, yellowish. April to July. On dry steppe slopes, in dry-valley meadows and forest glades, among scrub in north in dry pine forests, on mountain slopes up to 1500 m. European USSR: Karelia-Lapland, Baltic Region, Ladoga-IImen, Upper Volga, Upper Dnieper, Volga-Don, Trans-Volga Region, Upper Dniester, Bessarabia, Black Sea Region, Crimea, Lower Don, Lower Volga; Cauca- sus: Ciscaucasia, Western Siberia: Upper Tobol, Irtysh. General distribu- tion: Central and Atlantic Europe, Mediterranean Region. Desribed from Western Europe. Type in London. Series 3. Austriacae Wulff in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, XV(1915) 116, p-p.; Riek in Fedde, Repert. LXXIX 9, p.p—Grex Caucasicae Riek, 438 439 386 lc. 10, p.p.—Pentasepala Rompp in Fedde, Repert. L (1928) 97, p-p.—Stem erect or ascending. Leaves subsessile or sessile, pinnati- partite or pinnatisect, with linear-cuneate or filiform lobes. Racemes opposite, axillary, sparsely flowered. Pedicels several times as long as calyx, diverging in fruit. Calyx 4-partite, rarely 5-partite. Capsule shorter than or equaling calyx, extremely compressed. Seeds flat, suborbicu- lar. 78. V. austriaca L. Syst. nat. ed. 10, II (1759) 849; M.B. FI. taur- cauc. I, 13; II, 13, p.p.; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 238, p.p.; C. Koch, Monogr. Veron. 22; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 470, p.p.; Boiss, Fl. or. IV. 44; Pflanzenfam. IV. 3b, 86; Wulff in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, XV, 121, p.p.; Rompp in Fedde, Repert. Beih. L, 101; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 388; Keller in Bot. Kozl. XXXVII, 3-4, 140, p.p.; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 410, p-p.—V austriaca ssp. jacquini (Baumg.) Maly J.C. Enum. Pl. (1846) 201; Wulff 1.c. 123; Stroh. Lc. 412—-V. multifida Jacq. ex Schmalh. FI. II (1897) 277, in synon.—V. recta Benth. in DC. l.c. 474; Ldb. l.c. 242.—-V. austri- aca 3. pinnatifida Koch, Syn. fl. Germ. (1837) 526; Ldb. l.c. 239.—V. teu- crium . austriaca Arcangel. Comp. d. fl. Ital. (1882) 514; Schmalh. l.c. 277, p.p.—Ic.: Rchb. Ic. fl. Germ. XX, tab. 89, 1710, f. III; Hegi, il- lustr. Fl. Mittel-Eur. V, 1, f. 33 b., c.; Syreistsch. Fl. Mosk. gub. III, 149; Fl. Yugo-Vost. V, fig. 633; Vestn. Tifl. bot. sada, 28, fig. 10; Javorka és Csapody, Iconogr. fl. Hung. f. 3296.—Exs.; Fl. Ital. exs. No. 1931; Hayek, Fl. Stir. Exs. No. 669. Perennial. Plant scattered hairy. Stems (10)30—-70 cm tall, single or few, erect, rarely partially ascending. Leaves sessile, ovate or lanceolate, simply pinnatifid (var. pinnatifida Koch.) or bipinnatifid (var. bipinnat- ifida Koch.) to pinnatisect, with linear or linear-lanceolate lobes; lobes, narrowed at base, entire or incised. Flowers in 2-4 axillary, elongated, solitary or opposite racemes, in axils of upper leaves on erect pedicels, generally exceeding calyx; upper racemes elongating later. Calyx with 4, rarely 5 unequal lobes, 5th tooth small and linear. Corolla 7-10 mm across, bright blue, with elongated, acute lobes. Stamens slightly shorter than corolla. Capsule 4-5 mm broad, equaling calyx or shorter, obcor- date or obovate, with rounded base, emarginate, puberulent or glabrous. Seeds peltate, about 1.5 mm broad. Flowering May to July. Fruiting July to August. In steppes, forest-steppe, mountain meadows, scrub. European USSR: Ladoga-IImen (rare), Upper Volga, Middle Dnieper, Upper Dnieper, Volga- Don, Bessarabia, Crimea, Upper Dniester, Lower Don; Caucasus: eastern Transcaucasia. General distribution: Central Europe, Balkan States-Asia Minor, Armenia-Kurdistan, Iran. Described from Western Europe. Type in London. 440 387 79. V. arceutobia Woron. in Tr. Bot. inst. Acad. Nauk SSSR, (1933) 223; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 414.—V. austriaca Jacq. subsp. jacquinii Baumg. var. bipinnatifida C. Koch, sec. Wulff in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, XV, (1915) 125. Perennial. Plant gray-pubescent throughout with appressed crispate hairs. Stem partially ascending, with projecting, numerous, flowering branches. Leaves ovate, bipinnatipartite, with narrowly linear or subfil- iform lobes, partly decurrent. Flowers in long, many-flowered inflores- cences; pedicels erect or diverging. Bracts simple or tri-multipartite into numerous segments, equaling or 1/3—1/2 as long as pedicels. Calyx lobes linear, unequal, outer lobes 2 times as long as inner lobes. Corolla deep blue or sky-blue, 5—7 mm across. Capsule broadly obcordate, with cuneate base, very shallow sinus and firm valves. Style almost 2 times as long as capsule. May to July. Among juniper thickets. Caucasus: eastern Transcaucasia (Bozdag Mountain). Endemic. Described from Azerbaidzhan. Type in Berlin. 80. V. caucasica M.B. FI. taur.-cauc. I (1808) 13; II 453; C. Koch, Monogr. Veron. 23; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 474; Ldb. FI. Ross. III, 242; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 440; Schmalh. Fl. II, 275; Wulff in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, XV, 109; Rompp in Fedde, Repert. Beih. L, 134; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 387; Riek in Fedde, Repert. Beih. LX XIX, 53; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Cen- tralbl. LXI, 420.—V. ossetica Stev. in Mem. Soc. Mat. Mosc. II (1809) 180.—V. canescens C. Koch in Linnaea, XVII, (1843) 280; C.A.M. Verze- ichn. 106—Ic.: Riek, l.c. tab. I, f. 7. Perennial. Plant 12—20(30) cm tall, pubescent, sometimes also with glandular hairs. Stem erect or ascending. Leaves subsessile, ovate or ob- long, pinnatisect, with oblong or linear-cuneate lobes, often narrowed at base, obtuse, rarely acute; lower leaves pinnately lobed. Racemes oppo- site, lateral in upper leaf axils, sparsely flowered. Lower bracts pinnatisect, upper oblong, entire, Pedicels filiform, 3 times as long as calyx, diverg- ing in fruit, curved. Calyx lobes broadly lanceolate or oblong, exceed- ing capsule pubescent. Corolla exceeding calyx, white with lilac stripes, about 12 mm across. Stamens included. Capsule pubescent, extremely compressed, 4-5 mm long, 6-7 mm broad, with truncate base, broad and short sinus; style long, filiform, curved. Seeds ovate or orbicular 1—-1.5 mm long, 1 mm broad, smooth, flat. May to July (Plate XX, fig. 1). On stony slopes, in rock crevices, among debris at 600—2500 m. Cau- casus: Ciscaucasia, Dagestan, western, eastern and southern Transcaucasia. Endemic. Described from Georgia. Type in Leningrad. Series 4. Orientales Wulff in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, XV (1915) 127; Rompp in Fedde, Repert. L 104; Riek in Fedde, Repert. LXXIX, 10.—Stem partially ascending or trailing, sometimes woody at base. 443 388 Leaves oblong- ovate to linear, entire or pinnately incised into narrow, entire or dentate lobes, sessile or subsessile. Inflorescence many-flowered, generally on short peduncles. Calyx 4—5-partite, with extremely reduced 5th tooth. Capsule flat, broader than long, cuneate or rounded at base, broadly emarginate. Seeds plano-convex. © 81. V. orientalis Mill. Gard. Dict. VIII (1768) No. 10; M.B. FI. taur.-cauc. I, 12; III, 13, p.p.; C. Koch, Monogr. Veron. 22; Benth, in DC. Prodr. X, 469; Ldb, Fl. Ross. III, 238, p.p.; Boiss. Fl. or. [V, 443; Pflanzen- fam, IV, 3b, 86; Schmalh. FI. II, 277, p.p.; Wulff in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, XV, 132; Rompp in Fedde Repert. Beih. L, 109; Keller in Bot. Kozl. XXXVII, 3-4, 146; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 417, p.p.; Grossh. FI. Kavk. III, 389; Riek in Fedde Repert. Beih. LXXIX, 31.—V. billardieri Vahl. Enum. pl. I (1805) 70; Riek, I.c. 37; Stroh, l.c. 418—V. parviflora Vahl, l.c. 72; C. Koch, l.c.; Benth. l.c. 471.—-V. pectinata Georgi, Beschr. Russ. Reich. III, 4 (1800) 652, non LV. teucrium var. integerrima Trautv. in Tr. Peterb. bot. sada, IV (1876) 173; VII, 493.—V. austriaca 3. orientalis C. Koch in Linnaea, XVII (1843) 287.—Exs.: Callier, Iter. taur. No. 781. Perennial. Rootstock woody, long. Plant 10-30 cm tall, crispate- puberulent, rarely subglabrous. Leaves sessile, short, entire; lower leaves oblong or lanceolate, with cuneate base, incise dentate, rarely entire, upper leaves often narrower, lanceolate, uppermost entire. Racemes 2-4, short, somewhat lax, unilateral in fruit, in upper leaf axils. Pedicels slightly exceeding calyx, diverging. Calyx with 4—5 unequal, linear-lanceolate, subobtuse lobes. Corolla flesh-colored, reddish, or pale sky-blue, exceed- ing calyx. Capsule glandular-pubescent, broader than long, obcordate, subobtuse, with truncate tip and rounded or cuneate base, equaling or slightly exceeding calyx. Seeds ovate. May to July. On rocks and stony slopes——Caucasus: Ciscaucasia, eastern and southern Transcaucasia, Talysh. General distribution: Asia Minor, Armenia-Kurdistan, Iran. Described from cultivated specimens. Type in London. 82. V. taurica Willd. Sp. pl. I (1797) 70; Stev. in Loddig. Bot. Cab. X, tab. 911; C. Koch, Monogr. Veron. 22; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 417; Riek in Fedde, Repert. Beih. LXXIX, 36—-V. orientalis 8. taurica Vahl. Enum. pl. I (1805) 72.—V. orientalis 3. humilis angustifo- lia M. B. FI. taur.-cauc. I (1808) 12.—V. orientalis auct. non Mill. (1768), nec Ait. (1789): Ldb. FI. Ross. III, 238, p.p.; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 443, p.p. (pl. taur.); Rompp in Fedde, Repert. Beih. L, 109.—V. orientalis var. tenuifo- lia Boiss., Diagn. pl. or. II, 3 (1859) 167; Fl. or. IV, 443; Wulff in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, XV, 134.—V. bordzilovskii Juz. in Spisok rast. Gerb. fl. 389 SSSR, XI (1949) 149.—Ilc.: Stev. in Loddig. I.c. tab. 911; Riek, l.c. f. 20, tab. VII—Exs.: GRF, No. 3473; Callier, Iter. taur. No. 166. Perennial. Roots numerous, woody. Stem (8)10—30 cm tall, arcuate- ascending or trailing, pale green or, mainly in lower part, reddish, densely crispate-puberulent, sometimes subglabrous below. Leaves mainly linear or linear-lanceolate, lower sometimes oblong, narrowly cuneate at base, entire or with 1—4(6) spaced, short or long, somewhat diverging teeth, densely puberulent on both surfaces or subglabrous, with isolated hairs beneath along margin and veins. Flowers in 2-3 axillary, many-flowered racemes, somewhat elongated or reduced. Pedicels at flowering stage equaling or shorter than bracts, later 2 times as long. Calyx with 4—5 unequal lobes, generally glabrous or with ciliate margin, rarely pilose, sometimes with glandular hairs. Corolla 4-17 mm across, light sky-blue to dark blue sometimes becoming pink on drying. Capsule 4.5-5 mm long, 3-4.5 mm broad, equaling calyx or slightly longer or shorter, with nearly rounded, slightly narrowed base, glabrous or glandular-pubescent. Seeds ovate. Flowering May to July (Plate XIX, fig. 3). On stony mountain slopes, in calcareous habitats. European USSR: Crimea. Endemic. Described from Crimea. Type in Leningrad. 83. V. kurdica Benth. in DC. Prodr. X (1846) 473; Boiss. FI. or. IV. 443; Wulff in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, XV, 135; Rompp in Fedde, Repert. Beih. L, 116; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 389; Riek in Fedde, Repert. Beih. LXXIX, 38; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 418.—-V. syspirensis C. Koch in Linnaea, XXIII (1848) 698.—Ic.: Riek, l.c. tab. 7. Perennial. Caespitose plant, 5-10 cm tall (up to 20-25) cm tall—f. segetalis Grossh.), with numerous flexuous stems, finely crispate- velutinous, with short, slender, firm branches. Leaves 5—7(20) mm long, 2—3(5) mm broad, often oblong-ovate, upper leaves sometimes linear-lanceolate, often with reflexed margin; upper leaves entire, lower with few teeth, often subbtuse, sometimes acute. Racemes many- flowered, on short peduncles, elongated in fruit, up to 5-8 cm long. Pedicels 5-8 mm long, 2-3 times as long as small elliptical bracts and calyx, diverging in fruit, slender. Calyx lobes 4, linear-lanceolate or lanceolate, unequal, shorter than capsule. Corolla 7-8 mm across, generally dark blue, rarely larger (10 mm) and lighter-sky-blue (f. segetalis Grossh.). Capsule about 5 mm broad, about 4 mm long, obcordate, with cuneate base, glabrous or puberulent. Seeds ovate. Flowering May to July. In subalpine and alpine zones on rocky and pebbly slopes. Cauca- sus: southern Transcaucasia (Karadag, Nakhichevan). General distribu- tion: Balkan States-Asia Minor, Armenia-Kurdistan, Iran. Described from Transcaucasia. Type in London. 390 445 391 84. V. denudata Alboff in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, I (1895) 190; Wulff in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, XV, 86; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 392; Stroh in Beih. bot. Centralbl. LXI, 419.—V. petraea Rompp in Fedde, Repert. Beih L (1928) 133, non Stev. Perennial. Profusely branched plant, crispate-puberulent, glandular in inflorescence. Stem trailing or partially ascending; flowering shoots densely leafy. Leaves oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, 10-14 mm long, 2—4 mm broad, with very short petioles or sessile, with few teeth along margin or entire with reflexed margin, with 1 prominent vein, crispate- puberulent along veins. Inflorescences terminal and axillary in upper leaf axils, short, rather dense. Bracts oblong-ovate, glandular-ciliate, 1/2—2/3 as long as slender pedicels, latter arcuate and diverging in fruit. Calyx lobes unequal, oblong-elliptical, 2/5—1/2 as long as pedicels. Capsule obcordate or reniform, broader than long, with rounded base. May to June. In alpine zone. Caucasus: western Transcaucasia. Endemic. Described from Georgia. Type in Geneva. 85. V. multifida L. Sp. pl. I (1753) 13; M.B. FI. taur.-cauc. I, 13, p.p.; IM, 13; C. Koch, Monogr. Veron. 22; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 471; Boiss, Fl. or. IV, 442; Pflanzenfam. IV, 3b, 86; Wulff in Tr. Tifl. bot, sada, XV, 127; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 389; Rompp in Fedde, Repert. Beih. L, 110; Riek in Fedde, Repert. Beih. LXXIX, 28; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 417—V. tenuifolia M.B. l.c. p.p. non Asso (1779); C. Koch, I.c. 23.—V. orientalis var. dissecta Trautv. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXIX (1866) 438.—V. austriaca +. bipinnatifida Ldb. Fl. Ross. II (1847-1849) 239, p.p.—V. austriaca y. tenuifolia C. Koch in Linnaea, XVII (1843) 287.—V. austriaca 6. multifida Pall. Ind. Taur. (1796) 92.—V. teucrium c. austriaca Schmalh. FI. II (1897) 277, p.p.—V. teucrium var. multifida Wallr. Sched. crit. I (1822) 15; Trautv. in Tr. Peterb. bot. sada, IV, 398, p.p.; VII, 493; X, 124.—V. multifida var. tenuifolia Boiss. 1.c.—V. biebersteinii C. Richter in Denkschr. Akad. Wien, 1 (1885) 24.—Ic.: Rchb. Ic. fl. germ: XX, tab. 88, 1709, f. IV; Juel in Acta Horti Berg. I. No. 5, tab. 2, f. 1; Wulff in Vestn. Tifl. bot. sada, 28, fig. 8.—Exs.: GRF, No. 1126; Callier, Iter. taur. No. 161; Fl. pol. exs. No. 759. Perennial. plant grayish, crispate-puberulent. Stems woody at base, 10-25 mm (sic) long, numerous, ascending or trailing, strong, with leaves Plate XX. 1. Veronica caucasica M.B., general appearance of plant, corolla, capsule, seed —2. V. glabri- folia Boriss., general appearance of plant, corolla, capsule, seed.—3. V. filifolia Lipsky, capsule, seed —4. V. armena Boiss., general appearance of plant, corolla, seed, capsule. 446 392 extending up to the tips. Leaves sessile or with very short petioles, with cuneate base, 1- or 2- pinnatisect into very narrow, linear, entire or parted lobes. Racemes lateral, axillary, opposite, 2—-4(5) in upper leaf axils, puberulent, reduced, dense. Pedicels scarcely exceeding calyx, erect in fruit. Calyx 5-partite, with unequal, narrowly lanceolate lobes, 5th lobe the smallest. Corolla exceeding calyx, 5-6 mm long, with 5 veins at base, pale pink, violet, red, pale sky-blue or bluish, with short tube; corolla limb with 4 unequal subacute lobes, one of them deltoid-orbicular, 2 ovate and 1 oblong. Stamens curved, included. Capsule equaling, slightly longer or shorter than calyx, truncate or obscurely emarginate, deltoid-obcordate, broader than long, cuneate at base, glabrous or finely glandular. May to July. On grassy slopes, in sandy places in steppe region. European USSR: Trans-Volga Region (?), Black Sea Region (?), Crimea, Lower Don (Donets forest-steppe), Lower Volga (Krasnoarmeisk, Stalingrad, Bogdo); Caucasus: Ciscaucasia, Dagestan, western, eastern and southern Transcau- casia, Talysh; Western Siberia: Irtysh (Kochetavsk Mountains, Tersakkan); Soviet Central Asia: Aral-Caspian Region, Dzh.-Tarbagatai. General dis- tribution: Balkan States-Asia Minor, Armenia-Kurdistan. Described from Transcaucasia. Type in London. 86. V. filifolia Lipsky in Zap. Kievskogo obshch. estestv. XI (1890) 54: Tr. Peterb. bot. sada, XIII, 323; Schmalh. Fl. II, 276; Wulff in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, 113; ROmpp in Fedde, Repert. Beih. L, 110, Grossh. FI. Kavk. III, 386; Riek in Fedde, Repert. Beih. LXXIX, 53; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LX, 420—Ic.: Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. XLIX, 456, 458 (fl. —Exs.: GRF, No. 3694. Perennial. Cushion plant. Stems numerous, (10)15—30 cm tall, of- ten branched almost from base, erect or partially ascending, sparsely crispate-pubescent, densely leafy, stems as the result appearing crowded with leaves; sterile axillary shoots more densely leafy, compared with flowering shoots, reaching 10 cm in height. Leaves sessile, light green bipinnatipartite, with slender, almost filiform lobes. Racemes 4—8, oppo- site, sparse, sometimes developing also on lower branches. Bracts linear, equaling calyx. Pedicels 2-3 times as long as calyx, diverging in fruit. Calyx about 5 mm long, lobes 4, similar and sublinear, acute. Corolla white, with blue veins, over 10 mm long, readily shedding, exceeding ca- lyx, with very short tube, with 3 orbicular or orbicular-reniform, subobtuse and 1 ovate, subacute lobes. Capsule shorter than calyx lobes which persist in the form of 4 slender teeth, extremely compressed, flat, glabrous, about 6 mm broad, 2—3 mm long, with rounded base and broad, obtuse sinus; sometimes upper capsules without sinus, with short, slender style; pedicels horizontally diverging in fruit. Seeds flat, slightly concave on one side, 393 orbicular, about 2 mm in diameter, inserted at base, with slightly rugose surface. Flowering from April to May. Fruiting in June (Plate XX, fig. 3). On pebbly mountain slopes, among scrub at altitude of about 500 m. Caucasus: western Transcaucasia (Markotkh Range). Endemic. Described from vicinity of Novorossiisk. Type in Leningrad. Series 5. Turcomanicae Boriss—Grex Orientales Stroh in Bot. Cen- tralbl. LXI (1942) 418, p.p. non Riek., nec Wulff—Stems short, numerous, flexuous. Leaves small, 3(4—5)-partite or incised into oblong-rhombic or lanceolate lobes, petiolate. Racemes lax, few-flowered. Pedicels erect or curved. Calyx 4-partite, with connate lobes constricted at tip, exceeding capsule. Corolla red. Capsule compressed, broader than long, with cuneate base. Seeds planoconvex. 87. V. czerniakowskiana Monjuschko in Izv. Glavn. bot. sada, XX VII (1928) 95; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 418; Fedtsch. in FI. Turkm. VI, 272. Perennial. Rootstock woody, slender, profusely branched. Stems nu- merous, 8-25 cm tall; slender, flexuous, branched, crispate-puberulent, more densely so in upper part of plant and inflorescence axis. Leaves op- posite with 1-4 mm long petioles, 5-10 mm long, often ternate, palmately lobed, rarely 4—5-partite or incised, orbicular-ovate, puberulent on both surfaces or subglabrous; lobes entire oblong-rhombic or obovate, 2-6 mm long, 34 mm broad, subacute, with middle lobe larger than others; lower leaves sometimes entire, orbicular-spatulate. Racemes lateral or terminal, lax, 1-1.5 cm long, few-flowered. Pedicels erect or curved, very densely hispid, 2-4 mm long, shorter at first, later equaling calyx. Bracts short- petiolate, exceeding or equaling pedicels, ovate-rhomic, entire. Calyx 4- partite, with about 3 mm long lobes, 1/4 united at base and constricted, hispid, oblong-ovate, slightly broadened at tip, subobtuse, slightly exceed- ing capsule. Corolla purple (when dry), 5-9 mm across, lobes hispid out- side. Stamens shorter than or equaling corolla; anthers about 1 mm long, elliptical. Undeveloped capsule densely puberulent, orbicular or orbicular- ovate, without sinus, not exceeding united part of calyx, 1.e. about 1 mm long; developed capsule (according to Manyushko) 3 mm long, 4 mm broad, compressed, broadly emarginate, densely puberulent, cordate, with cuneate base; style filiform, about 3 mm long. Seeds planoconvex, smooth. Flowering from April to June. On stony mountain slopes, in juniper and steppe zone, at 1200-2400 m. Soviet Central Asia: mountainous Turkmenia (Kopet-Dag Range). Possibly grows in Iran. Described from Kopet-Dag. Type in Leningrad. Note. Distinguished from species of series Orientales (p. 387) by the ternate leaves, petioles about 3 mm long, compressed capsule, and red flowers. 448 394 88. V. tripartita Boriss. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSR, XVII (1955).—V. khorassanica B. Fedtsch. in Fl. Turkm. VI (1954) 271. p-p. non Czernjak. Perennial. Rootstock woody, simple, fusiform, slender. Plant profusely branched from base. Stems rather slender, numerous, partially ascending or bent, densely leafy, 5-9 cm tall, bluish gray due to densely hispid pubescence. Leaves opposite, with short winged petioles or upper leaves subsessile, 3-lobed, with linear or lanceolate obtuse lobes, 5—8 mm long, with reflexed margin, rather thick, bluish gray due to dense pubescence or subglabrous, with isolated, curved, hispid hairs; middle lobe of leaf longer. Racemes lateral, 1-3 cm long, dense, many-flowered, oblong, rarely capi- tate. Pedicels shorter than or equaling calyx, densely hispid. Bracts almost equaling or exceeding pedicels, sessile, entire, oblong, densely hispid on both surfaces, somewhat thick. Calyx 4-partite, shorter than or equaling capsule, 2-3 mm long, with lobes 1/4 united at base, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, densely hispid on both surfaces, constricted at tip at flowering stage. Corolla purple (when dry), limb with 4 lobes, hispid outside. Sta- mens almost equaling corolla; anthers large, oblong-ovate. Style shorter than stamens, slightly exceeding calyx. Capsule cordate, about 3.5 mm long and 3 mm broad, densely hispid, with rounded lobes, diverging at right angle, rounded at base; style filiform, flat, curved, about 2 mm long. Seeds 1.5 mm long, 1 mm broad, plano-convex in upper part, rugose on convex side, with oblong broad hilum and radially rugose along margin on the other side. Flowering and fruiting in August. On stony slopes in high-altitude zone. Soviet Central Asia: mountain- ous Turkmenia (Kopet-Dag Range, middle part). Described from Dalancha Mountain. Type in Leningrad. Note. Distinguished from V. czerniakovskiana Monjuschko by the 5-9 cm long stems, dense, bluish gray, hispid pubescence, linear or lanceolate-linear lobes of leaves, winged petioles, dense, lateral, many- flowered racemes, oblong, sessile bracts, rather thick oblong-lanceolate calyx lobes, capsule rounded at base and larger seeds. Series 6. Khorossanicae Boriss.—Plants short, woody at base, grayish-pubescent. Leaves linear, sessile, entire. Racemes lateral, dense, glandular-hispid. Calyx 4-partite, shorter than capsule, glandular-hispid. Corolla red. Capsule broader than long, orbicular, obscurely emarginate, glandular. Seeds oblong. 89. V. khorossanica Czernjak. in Fedde, Repert. XX VII (1930) 280, p.p.; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbi. LXI, 433.—B. Fedtsch. in Fl. Turkm. VI, 271 p.p. Perennial. Rootstock woody, profusely branched. Plant grayish throughout due to velutinous indumentum, glandular-pubescent in upper 449 395 part. Stems numerous, densely leafy, partially ascending, 6-8 cm tall, 6-12 cm including inflorescence. Leaves linear, sessile, 5-10(15) mm long, 1-1.5 mm broad, with reflexed margin. Racemes lateral, in upper leaf axils, firm, dense and many-flowered, 3-7 cm long, glandular-hispid in upper part, on 5-7 cm long peduncles. Bracts linear, 1-1.5 mm.long. Pedicels 2-3 mm long. Calyx 3 mm long, 4-partite, glandular-hispid, with linear lobes, not exceeding capsule. Corolla red, 6-7 mm across, with rounded, 3 mm long lobes. Capsule 2.5 mm long, 3 mm broad, compressed, with rounded and obscurely emarginate tip; style filiform, 3 mm long. Seeds oblong, 1.5 mm long. Flowering from April to June. In pebbly and stony steppe regions of high foothills and middle mountain zone. Soviet Central Asia: mountainous Turkmenia (Kopet-Dag Range) General distribution: Iran (Khorasan Mountains). Described from northern Iran. Type in Leningrad. Note. B.A. Fedtschenko (Flora Turkm. VI) indicates for V. khorossan- ica Crzernjak. ternate leaves on the vegetative shoots. Plants with this characteristic are related to V. tripartita Boriss. sp. nov., collected in the Dalancha Mountain in the central part of the Kopet-Dag Range. Series 7. Officinales Rompp in Fedde, Repert. L (1928) 117, gruppe.—Strictiflorae Wulff in Tr. Tifi. bot. sada, XV (1915) 101 p.p.—Stems rooting. Leaves entire. Racemes lateral, dense. Pedicels etect, shorter than or equaling calyx. Calyx 4-partite, with lanceolate or linear lobes. Capsule exceeding calyx, compressed, obdeltoid. Seeds suborbicular, plano-convex. 90. V. officinalis L. Sp. pl. (1753) 11; M.B. FI. taur.-cauc. I, 10; C. Koch, Monogr. Veron. 24; Benth, in DC. Prodr. X, 472; Ldb. FI. Ross. III, 241; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 451; Pflanzenfam. IV, 3b, 86; Schmalh. Fl. Il, 274; Wulff in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, XV, 101; Rompp in Fedde Repert. Beih. L. 119; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 385; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2459; Keller in Bot. Kozl. XXXVII, 3-4, 147; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Cen- tralbl. LXI, 424.—V. repens Gilib. fi. lith. 1(1781) 108.—Ic.: Rchb. Ic. fl. Germ. XX, tab. 85, 1706, f. I-II; Fedtsch. and Fler. Fl. Evrop. Ross. fig. 818; Syreistsch. Fl. Mosk. gub. III, 146; Vestn. Tifl. bot. sada, 28, fig. 18, Hegi. Ilustr. Fl. Mittel-Eur. IV, 1, tab, 238, f. 5; f. 26 c, d. Javorka és Csapody, Iconogr. fl. Hung. f. 3293.—Exs.: GRF, No. 1127; Pl. Finl. exs. No. 915; Fl. pol exs. No. 224. Perennial. Plant caespitose, 10-35(50) cm tall, uniformly hirsute, with patent, simple, short hairs in inflorescence. Stem procumbent and rooting, ascending in upper part. Leaves obovate or oblong, 1.54 cm long, 1=2 cm broad, narrowed into short, broad petiole, dentate-serrate or crenate, entire at base, acute or obtuse, pubescent with simple hairs on both surfaces. Flowers in lateral, often solitary, not opposite, racemes on 450 396 thick peduncles, in upper leaf axils. Pedicels pilose, shorter than or equal- ing bracts and calyx, erect in fruit. Bracts lanceolate-oblong, subobtuse, covered with simple hairs. Calyx 4-partite, with lanceolate, subobtuse lobes, glandular-pubescent. Corolla 6-7 mm across, pale lilac or sky- blue, with dark veins, sometimes whitish with lilac-colored veins, slightly exceeding or 2 times as long as calyx, with lobes 1/3 united into tube; corolla limb with 3 broad-ovate, subobtuse lobes and 1 oblong lobe 1/2 as broad as others. Stamens generally exserted, with large, broad-ovate anthers. Capsule almost 2 times as long as calyx, compressed, obdeltoid, 4—5 mm long, 4-5 mm broad in upper part, narrowed at base, truncate, ob- tuse or shallowly emarginate above, glandular-pubescent; style exceeding capsule. Seeds plano-convex, 1 mm broad. June to September. In forests, along forest edges, in meadows, in mountains up to sub- alpine zone. Arctic Region: Arctic Europe (Khibiny Station); European USSR: Karelia-Lapland, Dvina-Pechora, Baltic Region, Ladoga-Ilmen, Up- per Volga, Volga-Kama, Upper Dnieper, Middle Dnieper, Volga-Don, Up- per Dniester, Bessarabia. Crimea, Lower Don. Caucasus: Ciscaucasia, Dagestan, western and eastern Transcaucasia, Talysh. Soviet Far East: Sakhalin (introduced, rare). General distribution: Scandinavia, Central and Atlantic Europe, Balkan states-Asia Minor, Iran. Described from Western Europe. Type in London. Series 8. Galathicae Boriss.—Pentasepala Rompp in Fedde, Repert. Beih. L (1928) 97, gruppe. p.p.—Austriacae Riek in Fedde, Repert. LXXIX (1935) p.p.—Stem woody at base, branched, Leaves entire, sessile, coriaceous, almost reflexed along margin, cuneate, densely pubescent. Racemes long, lateral. Capsule oblong-ovate with rounded base. Seeds flat, biconvex. 91. V. galathica Boiss. Fl. or. TV (1879) 448; Trautv. in Tr. Peterb. bot. sada, IX (1884) 68; Wulff in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, XV, 103; Rompp in Fedde, Repert. Beih. L, 103; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 385; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Cen- tralbl. LXI, 414. Perennial. Stem 15-25 cm tall, woody at base, procumbent or partially ascending, profusely branched, firm, subglabrous or crispate-pubescent, densely leafy. Leaves coriaceous, sessile, 15—22 mm long, 4-7 mm broad, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, cuneate at base, subacute, almost reflexed along margin; leaves on lower branches with few teeth along margin, other leaves entire, all leaves pellucid-punctate, with both surfaces grayish due to crispate pubescence, more dense on upper surface. Racemes many-flowered, erect, about 15 cm long, in upper leaf axils. Pedicels erect, almost equaling capsule. Bracts lanceolate, shorter than pedicels. Calyx lobes lanceolate, obtuse. Cap- suleabout6mmlong,4mmbroad, oblong-ovate, withrounded base, obscurely emarginate, pubescent. Seeds flat, biconvex, obscurely rugose. May. 451 397 On calcareous slopes and rocks in middle mountain zone.—Caucasus: western Transcaucasia (Kutaisi). Endemic. Described from Galati in vicin- ity of Kutaisi. Cotype in Leningrad. Series 9. Aphyllae Rompp in Fedde, Repert. Beih. L (1928) 123, gruppe.—Small high-altitude and arctic plants, caespitose at base. Stem partially ascending, densely leafy or plants with leaves in rosette. Leaves sessile or short-petiolate, entire. Inflorescence almost corymbose, consist- ing of several, only lateral, axillary, few-flowered clusters. Pedicels 2—5 times as long as calyx. Calyx 4-partite, shorter than corolla. Capsule ex- ceeding calyx. Seeds plano-convex. 92. V. aphylla L. Sp. pl. (1753) 11; C. Koch, Monogr. Veron. 24; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 245; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 450; Pflanzenfam. IV. 3b, 86; Rompp in Fedde, Repert. Beih. L, 125; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Cen- tralbl. LXI, 425.—V. depauperata Waldst. and Kit. Pl. rar. Hung. 3 (1812) 272; C. Koch, l.c—Ic: Waldst. and Kit. l.c. tab. 245; Hegi, Illustr. FI. Mittel-Eur. VI, I, tab. 239, f. 4; Javorka és Csapody, Iconogr. fl. Hung. f. 3284.—Exs.: Pl. pol. exs. No. 254. Perennial. Rootstock slender, long, creeping. Plant caespitose (1)5-10 cm long, with reduced stems (1-3 cm long) and leaves almost in rosette. Stems short, glabrous, somewhat pubescent below, slender, rooting. Leaves oblong-ovate or obovate-elliptical, short-petiolate, entire or finely crenate-dentate, pubescent along margin, crowded in lax radical rosette. Flowers 1-5 in axillary umbellate clusters, on scapiform pedun- cles, in upper leaf axils. Pedicels 2-3 times as long as bracts and calyx. Calyx 4-partite, with ovate-oblong or oblong subobtuse lobes. Corolla 6-8 mm long, blue, sky-blue or pink, 3 times as long as calyx; corolla limb with 4 unequal lobes, 1 orbicular and 3 ovate. Stamens included. Capsule obovate-cordate, patently glandular-pubescent, 2 times as long as calyx, with rounded base, compressed, with short curved style, almost 1/2 as long as capsule. Seeds numerous, orbicular, 1.5 mm broad. Flowering from June to August. Fruiting from July to August. In subalpine and alpine zones, in open places on rocks. European USSR: Upper Dniester. General distribution: Central and Southern Europe, Balkan States-Asia Minor. Described from the Alps of Southern Europe. Type in London. 93. V. baumgartenii Roem. and Schult. Syst. veg. I (1817) 100; C. Koch, Monogr. Veron. 17; Pflanzenfam. IV, 3b. 86; Rompp in Fedde, Repert. Beih. L. 126; Keller in Bot. Kozl. XXXVI, 3-4, 150; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 925—V. petraea Baumg. Enum. stirp. transsilv. I (1816) 21, non Stev.—V. pauciflora Kit. éx Link in Jahrb. I, 3 (1820) 42.—Ic.: Vizn. rosl. URSR, fig. 231, Javorka es Csapody, Iconogr. fl. 452 398 Hung. f. 3285; Prodan, Fl. determ. and descr. pl. Roman. II, tab. 95.—Exs.: Fl. exs. Reipubl. Boh.-Slov. No. 1170. Perennial. Rootstock slender, horizontal. Plant 3—10(15) cm tall. Stem partially ascending, densely and uniformly appressed puberulent in upper part or subglabrous, densely leafy, caespitose. Leaves opposite, sessile, lower leaves ovate. orbicular or oblong, 0.5—1.5 cm long, 3-10 mm broad, subobtuse, with cuneate base; upper leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acute, sparsely denticulate. Inflorescence subcorymbose, consisting of sev- eral lateral, axillary, opposite clusters, 1.5-4.5 cm long, with 2-4 flowers. Pedicels filiform, 3-5 times as long as calyx lobes, 7-15 mm long. Bracts linear, 1/3-1/2 as long as pedicels. Calyx 4-partite, subglabrous, shorter than corolla, about 4 mm long, with broadly oblong lobes. Corolla blue, 2 times as long as calyx, with 4 unequal lobes, upper lobe orbicular, 2 lateral lobes ovate, and lower lobe oblong. Stamens included. Capsule glabrous, 2 times as long as calyx, ovate or suborbicular-ovate, about 6 mm long, 4 mm broad, obscurely emarginate, with slender curved style, almost equaling or 1/2 as long as capsule. Seeds plano-convex, broadly ovate or orbicular, about 1.25 mm in diameter, inserted at base, with wavy margin, almost smooth, with round hilum on convex surface. Flowering in July. Fruiting from July to August. On dry stony slopes in alpine and subalpine zones. European USSR: Upper Dniester. General distribution: Balkan States-Asia Minor (north- ern part), Central Europe (Hungary), Described from Transylvania. Type in Berlin. 94. V. grandiflora Gaertn. in Nov. Comment. Acad. Imp. Petrop. XIV (1770) 531; Rompp in Fedde, Repert. Beih. L, 125; Hulten. Fl. Kamtsch. IV. 97; Kom. Fl. Kamch. III, 67; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Contralbl. LXI, 425.—V. kamtschatica L. fil. Suppl. Syst. veg. (1781) 83; Pflanzen- fam. IV, 3b, 86.—V. camtschatica F.F. Gmel. Syst. 2, 1 (1791) 29; Georgi, Beschr. Russ. Reich. III, 4, 648.—V. aphylla Georgi, 1.c.; Kom. Putesh. na Kamch. 212.—V. aphylla var. kamtschatica Willd. Sp. pl. 1 (1797); 60.—V. aphylla 8. Willd. 1.c.; Roem. and Schult. Syst. veg. I. 104.—V. aphylla 8. grandiflora Benth, in DC. Prodr. X (1846) 476; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 245; Miyabe, Fl. Kuril. 253; Fedtsch. Fl. Komand. ostr. 95; Kudo, Fl. Paramush. 155.—Ic.: Gaertn. l.c. tab. 18, f. 1. Perennial. Rootstock slender, prostrate, branched, with white under- ground shoots. Stem 5-15 cm tall, erect, simple, densely leafy, pubescent with soft, partly glandular hairs. Leaves opposite, slender, ovate, 24.5 cm long, 1.5—-3 cm broad, obscurely crenate-serrate or subentire, cuneate at base, short-petiolate, hairy beneath and along margin with long articulate hairs, or leaves only sparsely ciliate. Peduncles 1-3, axillary, pilose, ex- ceeding vegetative terminal shoots. Inflorescence 4-8-flowered, flowers on 453 454 399 pedicels 2 times as long as calyx and bracts. Calyx lobes subobtuse, ovate- lanceolate, 2 times as long as broad, pilose. Corolla 8—9 mm long, bright blue, with 2 lateral lobes broadly ovate, upper orbicular-reniform, lower oblong, much narrower than others. Stamens glandular above, slightly exserted, filaments broadened below, dark violet, anthers cordate. Style exceeding petals, slender, long, curved; nearly equaling mature capsule. Capsule 9-11 mm long, 7-8 mm broad, ovate. Seeds slightly notched, flat. July to August. In meadows, among stones, on grassy slopes in alpine zone. Soviet Far East: Kamchatka, Sakhalin (northern Kuril Islands). General distribution: Beringia, Japan. Described from Kamchatka. Type lost. Note. Hulten (Fl. Kamtsch. IV. 99) distinguishes var. latifolia Hult. with broad-elliptical leaves, subsessile, glabrous on both surfaces, ciliate and puberulent peduncles and calyces. Series 10. Scutellatae Benth. in DC. Prodr. X (1846) 475, subsec. p.p. Rompp in Fedde, Repert. L, 135, gruppe, p.p.—Plants of damp habitat. Stems slender, rooting. Leaves linear, dentate with retrorse teeth or entire. Racemes lateral, axillary, solitary, lax. Pedicels slender, long, sometimes recurved in fruit. Calyx 4-partite. Capsule compressed, broader than long. Seeds plano-convex or flat. 95. V. scutellata L. Sp. pl. (1753) 12; C. Koch, Monogr. Veron. 20; Bge. in Ldb. fi. alt. I, 28; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 475; Ldb. Fl. Ross. II], 244; Pflanzenfam. IV, 3b, 86; Schmalh. Fl. II, 274; Wulff in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, XV, 114; Romp in Fedde, Repert. Beih. L, 142; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2461; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 387; Kom. Fl. Kamch. III, 67; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 422.—V. scutellate 8. pilosa Vahl, Enum. 1 (1805) 70; Ldb. FI. Ross, III, 244.—V. scutellata var. teplouchowi Korsh. Tent. fl. Ross. or. (1898) 316.—Ic.: Rchb. Ic. fl. Germ. XX, tab. 82, 1703; f. II-III, tab. 212, 1833; Fedtsch. and Fler. Fl. Evrop. Ross. fig. 821; Syreistsch. Ill. fl. Mosk. gub. III, 143; Vestn. Tifl. bot. sada, 28, fig. 28; Hegi. Illustr. Fl. Mittel-Eur. VI, 1, tab. 237, f. 3; Javorka és Csapody, Iconogr. fl. Hung. f. 3283—Exs.: GRF, No. 474; FI. Cauc. exs. No. 495; Pl. Finl. exs. No. 911; Fl. pol. exs. No. 470; Fl. exs. Reipubl. Boh.-Slov. No. 1171; Hayek, FI. Stir, exs. No. 386. Perennial. Rootstock slender, long. Plant glabrous or sometimes pubescent (var. pubescens Schmalh.), 8-50 cm tall. Stem slender, as- cending, with trailing and rooting shoots at base, weak, terminating in leafy shoots, generally branched, not fistular. Leaves opposite, 2-5 cm long, 3-7 m broad, narrowly lanceolate or linear, sessile, acute, regularly retroserrate, glandular under teeth, sometimes entire. Racemes axillary, borne singly in one of opposite leaves, many-flowered, lax; flowers on very slender pedicels, many times exceeding calyx, sometimes recurved in 455 400 fruit. Bracts lanceolate. Calyx with 4 lanceolate or oblong lobes. 1/3—1/2 as long as corolla and capsule. Corolla 4—5 or 2.5—3 mm across, pale sky- blue or whitish, with pink or dark blue stripes; 2 corolla lobes orbicular (upper and lower) and 2 ovate (lateral); all lobes obtuse. Stamens slightly shorter than corolla. Capsule compressed, ovate or reniform, 4-5 mm broad, broader than long, bilobed, with deep, narrow sinus 1/3 its length, rounded at base; style 1/3—1/2 as long as or longer than sinus. Seeds flat, peltate, round or oval, 1-1.8 mm in diameter. May to September. In damp meadows, marshes, on shoal, in forest, forest-steppe and steppe regions, in mountains up to 1800 m. Arctic Region: Arctic Eu- rope (Khibiny Station); European USSR: Karelia-Lapland, Dvina-Pechora, Baltic Region, Ladoga-IImen, Upper Volga, Volga-Kama, Upper Dnieper, Middle Dnieper, Trans-Volga Region, Volga-Don, Bessarabia, Black Sea Region, Upper Dniester, Crimea, Lower Don, Lower Volga; Cauca- sus: Ciscaucasia, eastern and southern Transcaucasia; Western Siberia: Ob’ Region, Upper Tobol, Altai Mountains; Eastern Siberia: Lena- Kolyma, Angara-Sayan; Soviet Far East: Kamchatka, Sakhalin; Soviet Central Asia: Aral-Caspian Region, Balkhash Region. General distribu- tion: Scandinavia, Central Europe, Japan. Described from Western Europe. Type in London. Note. A polymorphic plant. Var. pilosa Vahl., l.c. a plant with sparse patent hairs, occurs along with typical form, but rarely. Var. glandulosa Wulff 1.c. is a glandular form, in grassy marshes of Georgia. Var. tephou- chovii Korsh. |.c. is a glandular form, in grassy with paired racemes, pilose stems and leaves, in the vicinity of Molotov, near the village of Ilinskoe. Sugarwara (Sugarwara, Illustr. Fl. Saghal. TV (1940) 1611, tab. 752) has also described a form with a ciliate capsule, a style twice as long as the shallow sinus, oblong-ovate seeds, depressed above and at base, pubescent stems with projecting, sharp, erect and articulate hairs, oblong, and acute calyx lobes almost half as long as capsule. 96. V. callitrichoides Kom. Fl. Kamch. III (1930) 70; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 424. Perennial. Rootstock slender, profusely branched. Stems numerous, erect, 10-12 cm tall, densely leafy, glabrous. Leaves lanceolate, 5-10 mm long, 2—2.5 mm broad, acute, narrowed at base into short petiole, appear- ing entire, teeth along leaf margin visible only under magnifying lens. Racemes axillary, 1—3-flowered; flowers on filiform, slender, glabrous pedicels up to 3 mm long. Corolla about 1 mm long, with 3 identical, ovate-orbicular lobes. Stamens with reduced filaments and diverging an- thers. Ovary orbicular with distinct notch at base of rather long style. August. 456 401 In damp areas at edges of ponds. Soviet Far East: Kamchatka. Endemic. Described from foothills of Shapochka Mountain. Type in Leningrad. Series 11. Montanae Boriss.—Scutellatae Benth. in DC, Prodr. X (1846) 475, pro subsect. p.p.—Stems rooting. Leaves ovate or suborbicu- lar-ovate, petiolate. Racemes lax, axillary, alternate, in middle leaf axils, few-flowered. Pedicels slender, long, erect in fruit. Calyx 4-partite. Capsule reniform with lobes connate for considerable part, glandular- pubescent, with dentate-ciliate margin. Seeds plano-convex, smooth. 97. V. montana L. Sp. pl. (1762) 17; C. Koch, Monogr. Veron 18; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 475; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 244; Pflanzenfam. IV, 3b, 86; Schmalh. Fl. II, 274; Wulff in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, XV, 115; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 387; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 422.—Ic.: Rchb. Ic. fl. Germ. XX, tab. 84, 1705, f. III-IV; Fedtsch. and Fler. Fl. Evrop. Ross. fig. 822; Hegi, Illustr. Fl. Mittel-Eur. VI, 1, fig. 34a, b; Javorka es Csapody, Iconogr. fl. Hung. f. 3294.—Exs.: Fl. pol. exs. No. 550; Fl. exs. austro-hung. No. 2619; FI. Ital. exs. No. 1120; Fl. exs. Reipubl. Boh.-Slov. No. 364. Perennial. Stem 10—15 cm, decumbent, slender, somewhat diffusely pilose, patently so in inflorescence. Leaves with 1—2 long petioles, ovate or cordate-ovate, rarely orbicular-ovate, 1-3 cm broad, 1.5—3.5 cm long, run- cinate or crenate-serrate, with truncate base. Racemes weak, lax, 2—7 flow- ered, axillary. Pedicels glandular, 24 times as long as calyx and bracts, narrowly linear, elongated and divering in fruit. Calyx 4-partite, with spatulate-ovate, subacute lobes, rather large, glandular. Corolla 6-12 cm across, pale lilac or lilac, sometimes whitish sky-blue with dark stripes; corolla limb with 3 orbicular and 1 oblong lobes. Capsule compressed, reniform, 0.7—0.8 cm broad, 0.5—0.6 cm long, exceeding calyx, broad, obscurely emarginate, dentate-ciliate along margin, glandular-pubescent; style exceeding 1/2 capsule length. Seeds 2 mm long, 1.5 mm broad, peltate, suborbicular, plano-convex, smooth. May to July. In shady and damp places in broad-leaved forests, in mountains and foothills up to 1500 m. European USSR: Baltic Region (Latvia), Volga- Kama (vicinity of Zlatoust), Upper Dnieper, Upper Dniester; Caucasus: western Transcaucasia. General distribution: Scandinavia, Central and At- lantic Europe, western Mediterranean Region. Described from Western Europe. Type in London. Series 12. Urticifoliae Boriss——Scutellatae Benth. in DC. Prodr. X (1846) 475, pro subsect. p.p.—Stem erect, glandular in upper part. Leaves large, ovate-cordate, sessile or short-petiolate. Racemes in upper leaf axils, opposite, lax, many-flowered. Pedicels extremely diverging, curved in fruit. Calyx 4-partite. Capsule orbicular-ovate or ovate. Seeds flat. 459 402 98. V. maxima Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. VII (1768) 111.—V. urticifolia Jacq. Fl. Austr. I (1773) 37, non Pall. (1800), non St. Lag. (1881) non Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 448; L. f. Sp. pl. Suppl. 83, C. Koch, Syn. fl. Germ. 603; Schmalh. FI. II, 276; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2460; Stroh in Beith. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 422.—V. latifolia Lam. FI. fr. 2 (1778) 441, non L.; non L. f. lic.; C. Koch, Monogr. Veron. 193.—Veronicella urticaefolia Fourr. in Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, N. S. XVII (1869) 128.—Ic.: Jacq. l.c. tab. 59; Rchb. Ic. fl. Germ. XX, tab. 82, 1703, f. I; tab. 212, 1833; f. III; Fedtsch. and Fler. Fl. Evrop. Ross. fig. 819; Hegi. Illustr. fl. Mittel-Eur. VI, I, tab. 238, f. I; Javorka és Csapody, Iconogr. fl. Hung. f. 3292.—Exs.: FI. exs. austro-hung. No. 920; Hayek, FI. Stir. exs. No. 668; Billot, Fl. Germ. exs. No. 1729. Perennial. Stem (10)30—70 cm tall, simple, erect, sparsely pubescent with patent, hispid, sometimes glandular hairs, patently glandular- puberulent in inflorescence. Leaves sessile or lower leaves short-petiolate, broad, ovate or oblong, with cordate or truncate base, unequaly sharply denticulate, with acute tip; upper leaves long acuminate, middle leaves 4—8 cm long, 2-5 cm broad, subcordate at base, acuminate, sparsely hairy beneath or on both surfaces, especially along margin and veins. Racemes opposite, in upper leaf axils, lax, many-flowered, on slender pedicels. Bracts pubescent, oblong-lanceolate to linear, subobtuse, 1/2—2/3 as long as pedicels, with ciliate margin. Pedicels extremely diverging, upcurved and appressed to stem in fruit, 2-3 times as long as calyx, puberulent and sparsely glandular. Calyx 4-partite, with lanceolate, obtuse, unequal lobes, glandular-ciliate, especially along margin. Corolla 4-7 mm across, pale pink or pale sky-blue, with dark stripes, sometimes reddish, 2 times as long as calyx, with very short tube with 5 veins, glabrous in throat; corolla limb with 3 orbicular-ovate and 1 ovate lobes; all lobes obtuse, ciliate along margin and beneath, largest lobe about 3 mm in diameter, with dark veins. Stamens 5-8 mm long, exserted or slightly shorter (var. uralensis Boriss.) with erect white filaments, violet, ovate anthers. Capsule orbicular-ovate or ovate, puberulent when young, later glabrous, markedly shallowly emarginate, about 4 mm in diameter or broader than long; style much exceeding sinus, equaling capsule, very slender. Seeds flat, orbicular-ovate or ovate, 1—-1.25 mm long, 0.75-1 mm broad, obtuse or subacute, light, yellowish. June to July. Dry mountain forests, rocks, debris, at 1000-2000 m and in forest- steppe zone. European USSR: Upper Dniester (Carpathian Mountains). Volga-Kama (Central Urals). General distribution: Central and Atlantic Europe. Described from Austria. Type in London. Note. Ural Plants (var. uralensis Boriss.). are similar in appearance to Carpathian plants, distinguished by their seeds — ovate, subacute at 460 403 apex, | mm long and 0.75 mm broad, and by their stamens that equal the corolla. Series 13. Minutae Boriss—Trailing, Caespitose small plants. Stems densely leafy. Leaves short-petiolate or subsessile, orbicular to linear- lanceolate. Inflorescence terminal and axillary, few-flowered. Calyx 4- partite. Capsule broader than long. Seeds plano-convex. 99. V. minuta C.A.M. Verz. Pflanz. Cauc. Casp. Meer (1831) 105; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 476; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III. 245; Boiss. Fl. or IV, 451; Kusnezow in Del. pl. I. VI, 28; Wulff. in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, IV, 84; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 392.—V. liwanensis Rompp in Fedde, Repert, Beih. L (1928) 59, p.p. non C. Koch.—V. telephi- ifolia Rompp l|.c.—p.p. non Vahl.—V. telephiifolia Vahl var. minuta (C.A.M.) Trautv. in Tr. peterb. bot. sada, V (1877) 465—V. repens Clarion ex Trautv. in Radde, Bericht. Biol.-Geogr. Unters. Kauk. I (1866) 158.—V. euphrasiaefolia Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI (1942) 419, p.p. non Link.—V. euphrasiaefolia var. glareosa (Somm. and Lev.) Stroh, l.c.—V. orbicularis Fisch. ex. Trautv. in Bull. Acad. Pétersb. X (1866) 397. V. glareosa Som. and Lev. in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. nuov. ser. [IV (1897) 206.—Ic.: Tr. Peterb. bot. sada, XVI, tab. XXXIX, f. 1-7. Perennial. Roots slender, numerous. Plant diffusely pubescent or glabrous. Stem with scale leaves in lower part, almost filiform, pro- fusely branched, trailing, rooting, with partially ascending short branches, 2-5 cm tall. Leaves not fleshy, 5-8 mm long and broad, obovate, spatulate or orbicular, entire or with few obscure obtuse teeth, short- petiolate. Floral leaves reduced, subsessile, elliptical. Racemes terminal, short, few-flowered (1-3); sometimes a few clusters appear in upper leaf axils, exceeding leaves, lax, few-flowered, on short peduncles, eglandular. Bracts oblong-ovate or elliptical. Pedicels erect or diverg- ing, 2-4 times as long as bracts and calyx, white-pilose. Calyx with 4 obovate or oblong lobes, with cuneate base, obtuse, white-pilose along margin. Corolla sky-blue 2, times as long as calyx, about 7 mm across; corolla limb rotate, with 3 orbicular and 1 orbicular-reniform lobes. Sta- mens equaling corolla. Capsule compressed, slightly exceeding calyx, suborbicular, about 4 mm long, broader than long, pubescent or sub- glabrous, emarginate, bilobed; style almost equaling capsule. Seeds few, flat or suborbicular, minute, weakly rugose, with large hilum. June to July. Qn pebbly and stony mountain slopes, among debris, in alpine zone. Caucasus: Ciscaucasia, Dagestan, western, eastern and southern Transcau- casia. General distribution: Armenia-Kurdistan. Described from western Caucasus. Type in Leningrad. 404 461 405 100. V. kopetdaghensis B. Fedtsch. in Fl. Turkm. VI (1954) 27; Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR XVII (1955). Perennial. Rootstock slender, elongated, woody, profusely branched. Stems numerous, branched, 5—8(10) cm tall, slender, partially ascending or ascending, forming loose turf. Plant covered throughout with very short (under magnifying lens), minute, simple and erect hairs, glandular in upper part of plant. Leaves opposite, 4-5(8) mm long, 2-4 mm broad, deltoid-ovate or ovate-oblong, broadest at truncate or rounded base, obtuse, crenate and often reflexed along margins, sometimes subentire, glabrous or subglabrous above, somewhat puberulent beneath, petiole slender, about 1-1.5 mm long. Racemes terminal lax. 2—8-flowered. Pedicels slender, erect, 2—3 times as long as bracts and calyx very minutely (only under lens) glandular-puberulent, as also the inflorescence. Bracts 1-3.5 mm long, 1.5—-2 mm broad, elongated, oblong, obtuse, entire, puberulent. Calyx 4-partite, 2-3 mm long, puberulent; calyx lobes oblong, subobtuse, united at base. Corolla blue, rotate, 7-9 mm across; limb with 3 orbicular and 1 oblong lobes. Stamens included, with rounded anthers and dark fil- aments. Ovary bilocular, glabrous. Capsule cordate, with shallow, obtuse sinus, cuneate at base, puberulent along margin and on surface, slightly exceeding calyx; style slender, long, exceeding capsule. Seeds not known. Flowering from June to July. . In stony regions and near melting snow banks, at 2300-3000 m. Soviet Central Asia: mountainous Turkmenia (Rizagali and Chapandag Moun- tains). General distribution: Iran, Described from Central Kopet-Dag. Type in Leningrad. 101. V. telephiifolia Vahl, Enum. pl. I (1805) 65; C. Koch, Monogr. Veron. 25; Benth. in DC Prodr. X, 477; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 246; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 450; Kuznetsov in Del. pl. Exs. Jur. I. 28; II, 55; IH, 73; Wulff in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, XV, 99; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 386; Rompp in Fedde, Repert. Beih. L. 59. p.p.; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 398—V. liwanensis C. Koch in Linnaea, XXII (1849) 698, Rompp in Fedde, Repert. L, 59. p.p.; Grossh. Opred. rast. Kavk. 312.—V. calverti Boiss. ex. Tschich. As. Min. II (1866) 41; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 450.—V. telephiifolia 8. pilosula Boiss. FI. or. IV, 450.—V. telephiifolia var. liwanensis O. Ktze. in Tr. Peterb. bot. sada, V (1887) 224; Wulff l.c. 100.—V. euphrasiaefolia Link var. Plate XXI. Veronica anagalloides Guss, general appearance of plant, capsule.—2. V. becabunga L., general appearance of plant, capsule, seed_—3. V. anagallidiformis Boreau, portion of inflo- rescence in fruit.—4. V. bobrovii Nevski, portion of plant, capsule. 462 406 liwanensis (C. Koch) Stroh, l.c. 419—JIc.: Vestn. Tifl. bot. sada, 28, fig. 16. Perennial. Roots slender. Plant bluish gray, pubescent (under magnifying lens). Stem slender, 3-20 cm long, prostrate, branched from base, terminating into leafy shoots. Leaves imbricate, obovate to oblong, 0.3—-1 cm long, fleshy, glabrous or scattered-hairy along veins, somewhat thick, short-petiolate, with 2—5 obtuse teeth, rarely entire, acute, base cuneate. Racemes short, ovate, lax, axillary, single, sometimes opposite, on long pubescent peduncles. Pedicels glandular-pubescent, filiform, 2—3 times as long as calyx and ovate-oblong bracts. Calyx lobes 4, obovate to lanceolate, obtuse, almost equaling or shorter than capsule. Corolla sky-blue, exceeding calyx. Capsule 5-6 cm broad, 3 mm long, compressed, bilobed, with rounded base, glabrous, somewhat deeply emarginate; style equaling or 1.5 times as long as capsule. Seeds 5-10 in locule, ovate-orbicular, flat, slightly biconvex, about 1 mm long, with slightly radially rugose margin. Flowering from May to August. On stony slopes of alpine and subalpine zones. Caucasus: west- ern, eastern and southern Transcaucasia. General distribution: Armenia- Kurdistan (Artvin district), Iran. Described from Ararat. Type in Berlin. 102. V. glabrifolia Boriss. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, XVII (1955).—V. petraea var. glabriuscula Wulff in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, XV (1915) 98, p.p. Perennial. Roots slender. Plant 10-15 cm tall. Stem 5-8 cm tall, with 2 opposite rows of soft hairs, otherwise glabrous, somewhat flex- uous, partially ascending, leafy. Leaves sessile or subsessile, lower leaves ovate, middle oblong to lanceolate, upper lanceolate to linear-lanceolate; leaves with 1-3 teeth along margin or subentire, glabrous. Flowers in axillary, lax racemes, 2-4 times as long as vegetative shoots, pedun- cles slender, glabrous, (5)8—15 cm long. Pedicels slender, 3-4 times as long as glabrous bracts. Bracts oblong or ovate, 1-2 mm long. Calyx about 3 mm long, 4-partite, united at base; lobes united at base, oblong ovate, subacute, glabrous, or sparsely hairy along margins. Corolla ro- tate, 10-13 mm across, sky-blue, hairy in throat, united into tube at base, limb with 4 lobes, 5—6 mm long, 3 lobes almost identical, orbicular or broadly ovate, 0.5 mm long. Style equaling capsule and calyx, curved. Capsule cordate, 5S mm broad, 3 mm long, base cuneate, sinus shallow, lobes obtuse, short, glabrous, diverging at obtuse angle. Seeds orbicular- ovate, 0.75 mm long, 0.5 mm broad, planoconvex, with hilum in middle. June to July (Plate XX, fig. 2). On rocks and stony slopes——Caucasus: Dagestan, eastern Transcau- casia, Endemic. Described from Balkaria. Type in Leningrad. 463 407 Note. Well distinguished from V. petraea Stev. and V. propinqua Boriss., by glabrous calyces, plano-convex seeds, glabrous peduncles 3-4 times as long as the vegetative shoots at flowering stage, lax, few- flowered racemes and stems with two opposite rows of hairs. Subsection 2. Naviculares Boriss.—Plant generally caespitose. Seeds scaphoid. Series 14. Multiflorae Wulff in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, XV (1915) 105, p.p.—Caucasicae Riek in Fedde, Repert. Beih. LXXIX, 10, p.p—Stems numerous, procumbent or erect, 14-50 cm tall. Leaves sessile or short- petiolate, orbicular to oblong. Racemes many-flowered, lax, axillary. Pedicels several times exceeding calyx. Calyx 4-partite, lobes acute, subequal. Capsule orbicular, slightly broader than long, base rounded. Seeds scaphoid, large, 2—3 in locule. 103. V. peduncularis M.B. Beschr. d. Lander (1800) 126; M.B. FI. taur.-cauc. I, 11; C. Koch, Monogr. Veron. 17; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 473; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 439; Schmalh. FI. II, 275, p.p.: Wulff in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, XV, 105; Rompp in Fedde, Repert, Beih. L, 133, p.p.; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 387; Riek in Fedde, Repert. Beih. LXXIX, 50; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 420.—V. peduncularis M.B. var. genuina Trautv. in Tr. Peterb. bot. sada, X (1887) 124.—V. peduncularis M.B. var. dissecta Somm. and Lev. in Tr. Peterb. bot. sada, XVI (1900) 372.—V. dissecta Somm. and Lev. ap. Riek, l.c. 51.—V. incisa Bordzilowsky ap. Riek. l.c.—V. chamaedrys y peduncularis Ldb. FI. Ross. II (1847-1849) 243, p.p.—V. secundiflora C. Koch, in Linnaea, XVII (1843) 288; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 489; Ldb. l.c. 255.—V. phoenicantha C. Koch in Lin- naea, XVII (1843) 288.—V. benthami C. Koch ex Boiss. l.c—V. nemorum Pall. ex Link, Jahrb. I, III (1820) 42; C. Koch, Monogr. Veron. 17.—Ic.: Buxbaum, Cent. I, 396, tab. 46, f. 4; Vestn. Tifl. bot. sada, 28, fig. 9; Juel in Acta Horti Berg. I, No. 5, tab. 2. f. 2; Riek, l.c. tab. II, 7—Exs: GRF, No. 731. Perennial. Stems numerous, 14-30 cm long, ascending or procumbent, with 2 rows of rigid hairs, terminating into leafy shoots. Leaves short- petiolate and sessile, ovate or oblong, upper leaves orbicular, coarsely dentate from base, sinuate-serrate or incised, with irregular teeth at leaf apex, glabrous or appressed hispid. Racemes opposite, somewhat lax, long, in upper leaf axils, exceeding stem. Lower bracts oblong, obscurely den- tate, others broadly linear, entire, 2-3 times as long as calyx. Pedicels 4—5 times as long as calyx, 10-15 mm long, filiform, divergent. Calyx lobes oblong, acute. Corolla with very short tube, white, with red stripes in’ throat, with 5 veins at base, exceeding calyx; 3 lobes broad, obtuse, ovate- reniform, broader than long, 1 lobe oblong, sometimes bilobed. Stamens included, curved. Capsule slightly laterally compressed, almost equaling 464 408 calyx, about 5 mm broad, broader than long, with rounded locules, broadly emarginate at obtuse angle, with rounded or truncate base. Seeds scaphoid, large, 2-3 in locule. April to June. On stony slopes and among shrubs, in forests, in middle and low-altitude zones——European USSR: (?) Crimea; Caucasus: Ciscau- casia, Dagestan, eastern and southern Transcaucasia. General distribu- tion: Armenia-Kurdistan. Described from Caucasus. Type in Leningrad 2): Series 15, Petraeae Wulff in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, XV (1915) 97, pro § 1.—Short. Caespitose plants. Leaves sessile or subsessile, suborbicular to lanceolate, often entire, very rarely pinnately lobed. Inflorescence terminal and axillary. Racemes on distinct peduncles, few-flowered, corymbose at flowering stage. Pedicels 2 or several times as long as calyx. Calyx 4-partite. Capsule orbicular to reniform, often broader than long. Seeds scaphoid, smooth. 104. V. petraea (M.B.) Stev. in Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. III (1812) 245, 250; V. 340, p.p.; M.B. Fl. taur.-cauc. III, 12, p.p.; C. Koch, Monogr. Veron. 18, p.p.; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 476, p.p.; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 245, p.p.; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 440, p.p.; Schmalh. Fl. III, 276, p.p.; Wulff in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, XV, 97, p.p.; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 386, p.p.; Riek in Fedde, Repert. Beih. LXXIX, 47, p.p.—V. petraea Stev. var. typica Trautv. in Tr. Peterb. bot. sada, V (1877) 464.—V. petraea var. micro- phylla Trautv. |.c.; Radde in Mus. Cauc. II (1901) 136.—V. peduncularis M.B. y. petraea M.B. FI. taur.-cauc. I (1808) 11.—V. mthiuletica Kem.- Nath. in Fl. Gruz. VII (1952) 567: Zam. po sist. i geogr. rast. Gruz. Akad. Nauk, 18.—lIc.: Fl. Gruz. VII, fig. 349. Perennial. Light green, caespitose plant, sparsely facdauh am itied throughout. Stem slender, procumbent, partially ascending, branched, 10-15 cm tall, densely leafy. Leaves subsessile, ovate or suborbicular, 13-25 mm long, base rounded or cordate, abruptly narrowed into short petiole, with few large teeth, with reflexed margin; upper leaves sometimes entire, glabrous and rugose above, pubescent with white crispate hairs and prominent veins beneath. Racemes terminal, few-flowered, lax, axillary, on long peduncles. Bracts ovate, entire or lobed. Pedicels 2—3 times as long as calyx and bracts. Calyx lobes broadly ovate or oblong-ovate, equaling or scarcely exceeding capsule, densely pilose. Corolla sky-blue, 2.5 times as long as calyx. Capsule glabrous, broader than long, shallowly emarginate, with suborbicular base. Seeds scaphoid, smooth, about 1 mm long, 0.75 mm broad. May to July. Among debris and stony slopes of alpine and subalpine zones. Cau- casus: Dagestan (southern part), eastern Transcaucasia (Baku, Nukha). 465 409 Endemic. Described from Shakhdag and Tufandag, in Dagestan. Type in Leningrad. 105. V. propinqua Boriss. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, XVII (1955).—V. petraea Stev. in Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. III (1812) 245, p.p. Perennial. Plant with numerous slender roots, caespitose. Stem procumbent and partially ascending, 10-15 cm tall, crispate-puberulent. Leaves opposite, subsessile, short-petiolate, oblong to elliptical and lanceolate, 10-25 mm long, base cuneate, margin with few, often obtuse teeth or entire, subacute or subobtuse, glabrous or sparsely hairy. Racemes elongated in fruit, on densely glandular-pubescent peduncles, almost equaling subtending leaves. Pedicels 1.5—2 times as long as calyx and bracts, densely glandular. Bracts lanceolate. Calyx lobes oblong, subobtuse, densely glandular-hairy, about 4 mm long. Corolla sky-blue, about 7 mm across, lobes 1 mm united into tube; 3 lobes orbicular, 1 oblong. Stamens included, anthers ovoid. Style exceeding calyx. Capsule 3-4 mm broad, 4 mm long, with obtuse, erect lobes, shallowly emarginate, rounded at base, glandular-pubescent. Seeds about 1 mm broad, 2 mm long, scaphoid, smooth. Flowering May to June. Fruiting June to July. In alpine meadows, on rocks, on stony slopes of cliffs, among debris.—Caucasus: Ciscaucasia, Dagestan, eastern Transcaucasia. En- demic. Described from Dagestan. Type in Leningrad. Note. Distinguished from V. petraea Stev. s.s. by the darker green color, more elongated, subglabrous, oblong to lanceolate leaves, obscure veins and cuneate base, lanceolate bracts, shorter and many-flowered inflorescence, oblong calyx lobes, densely glandular capsule and larger seeds. 106. V. baranetzkii Bordz. in Protok. Kievsk, obsch. estestv. za 1907-1908 (1909) p. XXXI; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 386; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 419.—V. sintenisii Hausskn. ex Bornmuller in Fedde, Repert. X (1912) 422, 472.—V. petraea Rompp in Fedde, Repert. Beih. L (1928) 133, non Stev.; Riek in Fedde, Repert. Beih. LXXIX, 47.—V. pe- traea ssp. baranetzkii (Bordz.) Wulff in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, XV (1915) 98.—V. petraea var. integerrima Trautv. in Tr. Peterb. bot. sada, IV (1876) 399; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 386.—Exs: Sintenis, Iter orient. No. 5584. Perennial. Caespitose, green plant. Stems few, prostrate or with partially ascending branches, whitish, crispate-puberulent. Leaves erect, oblong-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, subcuneate at base, tapering, obtuse, entire or with 2—3 small teeth at tip, margin reflexed; lower leaves short-petiolate, others sessile; all leaves glabrous above, sparsely hairy beneath along very prominent veins. Racemes single, dense at flowering 466 467 410 stage, rather lax in fruit, peduncles short; upper part of inflorescence axis, pedicels and calyx glandular-hairy. Bracts oblong, villous mainly along margin, sometimes glandular-hairy near base. Pedicels slender, 1.5-2 times as long as bracts, distant and upcurved in fruit. Calyx 4-partite, lobes oblong, acute. Corolla sky-blue, 2 times as long as calyx. Capsule obcordate, broader than long, emarginate, base rounded, margin sparsely ciliolate. Seeds scaphoid, notched, ovate or orbicular. May to July. On stony slopes, in middle and upper mountain belt, up to alpine zone.—Caucasus: western, eastern (Georgia) and southern Transcaucasia. General distribution: Balkan States-Asia Minor, Armenia-Kurdistan, Iran (?). Described from vicinity of Akhalkhalaki. Type in Leningrad. Cotype in Kiev. 107. V. oltensis Woron. in Sched. ad Woron. and Schelk. Herb. FI. Cauc. fasc. II-IV (1914) 76; Wulff in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, XV, 168.—V. tele- phiifolia var. livanensis (C. Koch) O. Ktze, f. incisa Wulff ex Woron. L.c.; Wulff l.c. (emend.). Perennial. Roots slender, becoming woody. Stems numerous, branched, partially ascending, forming loose turf. Plant puberulent throughout with simple crispate hairs. Leaves sparsely pilose, opposite, with 3-5 mm long petioles, ovate, 7-10 mm long, pinnately incised into 5-7 obtuse oblong and ovate lobes; middle and sometimes also lateral lobes with 2 small teeth at base; lower leaves 3-lobed. Racemes lateral, lax, few-flowered. Pedicels and inflorescence axis covered with wavy hairs; pedicels erect, 2 times as long as calyx. Bracts oblong- lanceolate, about 3 mm long, less than 1/2 length of pedicels, subglabrous, obtuse. Calyx 4-partite, with unequal, oblong-lanceolate lobes, united at base, glabrous outside, sparsely, puberulent inside. Corolla glabrous, about 10 mm across; lobes 4, ovate, similar in pairs. Stamens at least 1/2 as long as corolla, with dark filaments and ovoid anthers. Capsule glabrous, about 3 mm long, orbicular-cordate, with small sinus, lobes divergent at right angle, rounded at base, exceeding calyx; style slender, curved, almost equaling capsule. Seeds elliptical, about 1 mm long, 0.5 mm bread, narrowed toward base, obtuse above, smooth, scaphoid. May. On rocks.—Caucasus: Possibly grows in southern Transcaucasia. General distribution: Armenia-Kurdistan (former Kara Province). De- scribed from vicinity of the village of Olty. Type in Leningrad. Series 16. Microcarpae Boriss.—Caespitose plant. Stems becoming woody in lower part. Leaves petiolate, entire, small, obovate-orbicular. Racemes many-flowered, lateral. Calyx 4-partite. Capsule shorter than calyx, orbicular, slightly compressed. Seeds scaphoid, smooth. 468 411 108. V. microcarpa Boiss. Diagn. pl. or., I, 4 (1844) 76; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 473; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 441; Wulff in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, XV, 103; Rompp in Fedde, Repert. Beih. L, 115; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 385; Riek in Fedde, Repert. Beih. LX XIX, 45; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. XVI, 418.—Exs.: Fl. Cauc. exs. No. 494. Perennial. Plant puberulent, velutinous, grayish, with glandular hairs in inflorescence, blackening when dry. Stems numerous, 5—15(20) cm tall, prostrate or partially ascending, lower part strong, becoming almost woody. Leaves petiolate, obovate-orbicular, 5-13 mm long, 3-13 mm broad, entire, cuneate at base, cristate-crenate, with regular, obtuse and sometimes almost binate teeth and incisions. Racemes about 5 cm long, in 2-6 upper leaf axils, opposite, on long peduncles, many-flowered, dense in fruit, 5-15 cm long. Pedicels erect, longer than or almost equaling oblong or oblong-lanceolate bracts and calyx, glandular-hairy. Calyx shorter than corolla, lobes 4, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, unequal. Corolla blue (f. coerulea Grossh.) or pinkish violet (f. rosea Grossh.), more than 2 times as long as calyx. Stamens included. Capsule slightly shorter than calyx 2.5—3 mm long, orbicular, slightly compressed, slightly broader than long, with acute sinus, pubescent; style slender, flexuous, 3 times as long sinus. Seeds about 1 mm long, scaphoid, smooth on convex surface. May to June. On stony, rubbly, arid, sometimes saline slopes, on pebble-beds, in low-altitude zone, up to 900-1500 m. Caucasus: southern Transcauca- sia (Nakhichevan, Ordubad). General distribution: Iran (southern part). Described from Iran. Type in Geneva; Cotype in Leningrad. Series 17. Armenae Boriss——Caespitose plants. Leaves sessile, short, pinnately incised at base into linear lobes. Racemes lateral, lax, short. Calyx 5-partite, 5th lobe small, caducous. Capsules glabrous, broader than long. Seeds scaphoid. 109. V. armena Boiss. and Huet, Diagn. pl. or. II, 3 (1856) 166; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 441; Wulff in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, XV, 134; Rompp in Fedde, Repert. Beih. L, 111; Grossh. Fl. Kavk, III, 389; Riek in Fedde, Repert. Beih. LXXIX, 13; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. XLI, 418.—Ic.: Riek, l.c. tab. 2, 8—Exs.: Pl. or. exs. No. 318. Perennial. Roots strong. Plants bright green, blackening when dry, forming dense turf. Stems 7-10 cm tall, ascending or decumbent, some- times erect, numerous, blackish, slender, becoming woody at base, asper- ate with very short, crispate indumentum, visible under magnifying lens. Leaves sessile, short, pinnately incised at base into very slender, linear, crisped lobes, 8-12 mm long. Racemes in upper leaf axils, on short pedun- cles, lax, short. Pedicels slender, divergent in fruit, 2-3 times as long as oblong-lanceolate bracts. Calyx 5-partite, subglabrous or asperate due to 469 412 sparse, minute hairs; lobes oblong, subobtuse, 1/5 as long as pedicels, un- equal; 1 lobe longer than others, smallest lobe often caducous. Corolla deep sky-blue, 2—3 times as long as calyx. Capsule with erect or curved stalk, glabrous, obcordate, small, 3-4 mm long, about 4 mm broad, emarginate; style long, filiform, curved. Seéds ovate, scaphoid, about 1.5 mm long, 1 mm broad, rugose. Flowering May to June (Plate XX, fig. 4). On stony slopes of high-altitude zone-—Caucasus: eastern and south- ern Transcaucasia. General distribution: Armenia-Kurdistan. Described from vicinity at Erzerum. Type in Geneva. Cotype in Leningrad. Section 8. Beccabunga Griseb. Spicil. fl. Rum. and Bith. II (1844) 31; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 467; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 235; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 435; Pflanzenfam. IV, 3b, 86; Wulff in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, XV, 87; Rompp in Fedde, Repert. Beih. L, 147, p.p.; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl., LXI, 426, p-p.—Beccabunga Fourr. in Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, No. 5, XVII (1869) 128.—Racemes opposite, axillary. Flowers distinctly pedicellate. Bracts smalJl. Calyx 4-partite. Corolla with short tube, small, rotate. Capsule de- hiscing from 4 apical teeth, later bilobed, with valves separating on one or both sides, often inflated, rarely slightly laterally compressed, obtuse or obscurely emarginate, rarely acute. Seeds 10—30 in locule, ovate or oblong, slightly compressed, minute, asperate. Stems terminating into leafy shoots, appearing from rootstock rooting at nodes. Leaves opposite, lanceolate to ovate and orbicular, often thick, not deeply parted. Perennials, rarely an- nual herbs, mainly of northern hemisphere, confined primarily to aquatic and moist habitats. Series 1. Anagallides Keller in Bot. Kozl. XXXIX, 3-4 (1942) 139, pro subsect——Leaves generally sessile, rarely lower leaves short-petiolate. Stems obscurely 4-angled. Inflorescence generally glandular. Capsule usu- ally orbicular or orbicular-ellipsoid, with small sinus, sometimes subacute. 110. V. anagallis aquatica L. Sp. pl. (1753) 12; Wulff in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, XV, 89; in Fedde. Repert. Beih. XC, 4; Stroh in Beth. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 426, p.p—V. anagallis auct. plur.: C. Koch, Monogr. Veron. 20; M.B. FI. taur.-cauc. I, 10: III, 10; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 467; Pflanzenfam. IV, 3b, 86; Ldb. Fl. Ross. II, 236, p.p.; Boiss. FI. or. IV, 437; Schmalh. Fl. II, 273; Rompp in Fedde, Repert. Beih. L, 159; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2454; Keller in Boi. Kozl. XXXIX, 3-4, 144; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 384.—V. anagallis 3. aquatica Neilr. Fl. Nied. Oest. II (1859) 553.—V. osiliensis Lucé. Topogr. Nachr. Osel (1823) 4.—V. ambigua Lucé, |.c.—V. pusilla Benth. in DC. l.c. 468, p.p.—V. acu- tifolia Gilib. Exerc. Phyt. I (1792) 119—V. comosa Richter ex Stapf in Denkschr. Acad. Wien, 50, II (1885) 24, p.p.—Beccabunga anagallis Fourr in Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, N.S. XVII (1869) 128.—Ammania caspica Janka in Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. VI (1856) 315, non M.B.—Ic.: Fedtsch. 470 413 and Fler. Fl. Evrop. Ross. fig. 815: Syreistsch. Ill. fl. Mosk. Gub. III, 144; Rchb. Ic. fl. Germ. XX, tab. 81; Hegi, Illustr. Fl. Mittel-Eur. VI, 1. f. 35 c-d; Vestn. Tifl. bot. sada, 28, fig. 7; Javorka es Csapody, Iconogr. fi. Hung. f. 3287.—Exs.: Pl. Finl. exs. No. 912; Fl. exs. Reipubl. Boh.-Slov. No. 266. Perennial. Rootstock prostrate, rooting, thick. Plant glabrous, some- times sparsely glandular-pubescent above. Stem 10—80(150) cm tall, cylin- drical or obscurely 4-angled, fistular, erect, ascending at base, branched or simple. Leaves opposite, sessile (lower sometimes subsessile), 2-10 cm long, 0.5—4 cm broad, ovate, oblong-ovate or often lanceolate to linear, often cordate-semiamplexicaul at base, sometimes connate at base, short- pointed (sometimes subobtuse), entire or serrate-dentate, crenate, shin- ing, 1- or 3-veined. Racemes in axils of upper opposite leaves, crowded at stem ends, exceeding leaves, many-flowered, appearing like panic- ulate inflorescence. Pedicels diverging at acute angle, longer than ca- lyx and linear filiform bracts, sometimes pilose, 4-6 mm long in fruit. Calyx deeply 4-partite; teeth generally exceeding capsule, elliptical, un- equal, subacute, with reticulate pattern. Corolla 4-5 mm across, 2.5-4 mm long, whitish to dull violet, with yellow ring in throat, slightly or up to 1.5 times as long as calyx; lobes 4—5 times as long as tube; 3 lobes broadly ovate, all subobtuse. Stamens included, curved, with dull vio- let anthers. Pedicels in fruit divergent at acute angle. Capsule glabrous or glandular, orbicular to ellipsoid; broader than long, or as broad as long, with small sinus or subacute, not laterally compressed, 24 mm long; style 1.5—2 mm long. Seeds ovate, 0.25—0.5 mm long, finely pitted on surface (when highly magnified), biconvex or plano-convex. April to September. Along banks of rivers and ponds, in moist places, damp meadows, in mountains up to subalpine zone. European USSR: Karelia-Lapland, Dvina-Pechora, Baltic Region, Ladoga-IImen, Upper Volga, Volga-Kama, Upper Dnieper, Middle. Dnieper, Volga-Don, Trans-Volga Region, Up- ‘per Dniester, Bessarabia, Black Sea Region, Crimea, Lower Don, Lower Volga; Caucasus: Ciscaucasia, Dagestan, western, eastern and southern Transcaucasia, Talysh. Western Siberia: Ob’ Region, Upper Tobol, Altai Mountains; Eastern Siberia: Yenisey, Angara-Sayan, Dauria; Soviet Cen- tral Asia: Aral-Caspian Region, Dzh.-Tarbagatai, mountainous Turkme- nia. General distribution: Scandinavia, Central Europe, Atlantic Europe, Mediterranean Region, Baltic States-Asia Minor, Armenia-Kurdistan, Iran, India-Himalayas, Mangolia, Japan, China. Described from Europe. Type in London. Note. Fruits of V. anagallis-aquatica L. are often infested by a weevil (Gymnetron villosus Sch.), resulting in spherical galls, markedly changing their shape. 473 414 ‘111. V. anagalloides Guss. Ic. Pl. rar. (1826) 5, tab. 3; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 468; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 236; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 437; Pflanzen- fam. IV, 3b, 86; Rompp in Fedde, Repert. Beih. L, 160, p.p.; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 384.—V. anagalloides L. 8 tenuis Boiss. Fl. or. (1879) 437.—V. anagallis var. anagalloides (Guss.) C. Koch in Linnea XVII (1843) 288; Schmalh. Fl. I, 273.—V. anagallis var. macra Trautv. in Tr. Peterb. bot. sada, II, 2 (1873) 574 p.p—V. anagallis C.A.M. Verz. Pflanz. Kauk. Casp. Meer. (1831) 105, non L—V. tenuis Ldb. FI. alt. (1829) 38; Ldb. Fl. Ross. 237.—Ic.: Ldb. Ic. fl. Ross. tab. 217; Rchb. Ic. fl. germ. XX, tab. 81, 1702, f. III, 14; Fedtsch. and Fler. Fl. Evrop. Ross. fig. 865; Javorka és Csapody, Iconogr. fl. Hung. f. 3286; Hegi, Illustr. Fl. Mittel-Eur. VI, 1, f. 35; Exs.: Fl. Hung. exs. No. 453; Fl. Ital. exs. No. 150; Fl. exs. austro-hung. No. 2621. Annual or perennial. Rootstocks rooting. Plant 10-30 cm tall. Stem erect, slender, solid, not fistular, somewhat patently pilose, puberu- lent or sometimes glabrous, often glandular. Leaves sessile, cordate- semiamplexicaul at base, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acuminate, entire or shallow crenate, 1.5—2.5 cm long, about 7 mm broad, lower leaves sometimes short-petiolate. Racemes dense, many-flowered, axillary, ap- pearing generally in axils of upper opposite leaves, glabrous or sparsely glandular. Bracts linear, often patently pilose. Pedicels very slender, often patently glandular-villous, divergent at acute angle, erect in fruit, slightly, sometimes horizontally diverging, 2—2.5 times as long as calyx and short bracts. Calyx often patently scattered glandular-villous, 4-partite, with unequal, subobtuse, elliptical teeth, almost 2 times as long as capsule. Corolla 2—3(5) mm across, whitish, pale sky-blue or dull violet, with dark stripes, almost equaling calyx. Stamens almost equaling corolla. Capsule glabrous or sparsely glandular-hairy, ellipsoid, 2—2.5 mm long 1-1.5 mm broad, almost 2 times as long as broad, obtuse or emarginate, with very small sinus, inflated, not laterally compressed; style included. Seeds minute, orbicular, smooth, plano-convex. June to October (Plate XXI, fig. 1). On shoals and alluvium, in forest-steppe, steppe and semidesert zones, as weed along roadsides, in pastures——European USSR: Volga- Kama, Middle Dnieper, Trans-Volga Region, Upper Dniester, Black Sea Region, Lower Don; Caucasus: Ciscaucasia, Dagestan (?). west- ern, eastern and southern Transcaucasia Talysh; Western Siberia: Altai Mountains: Soviet Far East: Ussuri; Soviet Central Asia: Aral-Caspian Region, Balkhash Region, Dzh.-Tarbagatai, mountainous Turkmenia, Syr Darya, Pamiro-Alai, Tien Shan. General distribution: Central Europe, Mediterranean Region, Balkan States-Asia Minor, Armenia-Kurdistan, Iran, India-Himalayas, North Africa. Described from France. Type in Paris. 474 415 112. V. anagallidiformis Boreau, Fl. centr. de la France, ed. 3, II (1857) 489; Keller in Bot. Kozl. XXXIX, 3-4, 142.—V. aquatica Bernh. Begriff d. Pflanzenart. (1834) 66, non S.F. Gray (1821); Schlenker in Fedde, Repert. Beih. XC; 14, p.p.; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 384; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 428; Keller, l.c. 146.—V. comosa Richter ex Stapf in Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 50, II (1885) 24, p.p.; Mansfeld in Fedde, Repert. Beih. XLIX, 47.—V. acutifolia Javorka, Iconogr. fl. Hung (1929) 3288, non Gilib—Ic.: Hegi, Illustr Fl. Mittel-Eur., VI, 1 (1918), f. 35; Javorka és Csapody, l.c. No. 3288.—Exs. Fl.: exs. austro-hung. No. 1620. Annual, perennial. Plant 15—50(80) cm tall, glabrous or rarely with isolated hairs. Stem ascending at base or erect, fistular, weekly 4-angled, terminating into leafy shoots. Leaves sessile, semiamplexicaul, horizon- tally divergent, ovate to lanceolate, 20-50 mm long, 12-25 mm broad, acute or subobtuse, generally entire or serrate-dentate. Inflorescence lax, glandular or glabrous (var. glabra Boriss.), racemes axillary appearing from axils of opposite leaves, somewhat divergent, lax. Pedicels in flower and fruit horizontally divergent, often with incurved capsule, firm, slightly longer than capsule and obtuse elongated bracts, thickened. Calyx 4- partite, with obtuse, lanceolate-ovate lobes, shorter than or sometimes equaling capsule. Corolla whitish with red veins to dull violet, less than 4-5 mm across. Capsule orbicular-ellipsoid, slightly broader than long, slightly exceeding calyx, not laterally compressed, obtuse, with very small acute sinus; style shorter than capsule. Seeds 0.5 mm long. April to September (Plate XXI, fig. 3). Near water or in standing water, scattered in forest, forest-steppe and steppe zones, in saline soils and swamps.—European USSR: Baltic Region, Ladoga-Ilmen, Volga-Kama. Upper Dnieper, Middle Dnieper, Volga-Don, Trans-Volga Region, Black Sea Region, Crimea (rare), Lower Don, Lower Volga; Caucasus: Ciscaucasia, western, eastern and southern Transcaucasia, Talysh; Western Siberia: Irtysh; Eastern Siberia: Irkutsk, Trans-Baikal Region: Soviet Central Asia: Aral-Caspian Region, Dzh.- Tarbagatai, mountainous Turkmenia, Tien Shan (western part), Pamiro- Alai. General distribution: Scandinavia, Central and Atlantic Europe, Mediterranean Region, Balkan States-Asia Minor, Armenia-Kurdistan, Iran, India-Himalayas, Japan, China, Described from France. Type in Paris. 113. V. scardica Griseb. Spicil. fl. Rum. and Bith. II (1844) 31; Rompp in Fedde, Repert. Beih. L, 161; Schlenker in Fedde, Repert. Beih. XC, 31; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 429; Keller in Bot. Kozl. XXXIX, 3-4, 149.—V. gracilis Uechtr. ex Velenovsky in Abh. math.- nat. Cl. Bohm. Ges. Wiss. VII, 1 (1886) 35.—V. velenovskyi Uechtr. in 475 417 Engl. Bot. Jahrb. VIII (1887) 46.—Ic.: Schlenker, |.c. tab. I, 4; Javorka es Csapody, Iconogr.. fl. Hung. f. 3289. Perennial. Stems partially ascending at base or erect, slender, ob- scurely 4-angled, 5—20(40) cm tall, glabrous, fistular, numerous, rarely single, branched or simple, with elongated internodes. Lower leaves short- petiolate, ovate or orbicular, middle and upper leaves petiolate or with nar- rowed base, subsessile, ovate or oblong-rhombic, 1—2(3) cm long, rarely larger, glabrous, somewhat dentate or subentire, acute. Racemes axillary, 3-6 times as long as supporting leaves, glabrous, lax in fruit, with 10-20 regularly spaced capsules. Pedicels slender, 5-8 mm long in fruit, di- verging at right angle, rarely at acute angle, somewhat recurved in fruit, 2—5 times as long as small, narrowly lanceolate bracts. Calyx 1/3-1/2 as long as pedicels; lobes acute or oblong-obovate. Corolla scarcely exceed- ing calyx, pale bluish lilac or bright sky-blue, lobes orbicular. Capsule orbicular-ellipsoid, slightly compressed, with thin valves, 2-3 mm long, slightly broader than long, glabrous, with or without small sinus, subob- tuse at tip and base, equaling calyx or nearly so; style 1-1.5 mm long, very slender, scarcely shorter than calyx. Seeds numerous, elliptical, somewhat plano-convex, compressed, minute, verrucose, yellowish, fimbriate. May to June. In damp meadows.—European USSR: Bessarabia. General distribu- tion: Central Europe, Mediterranean Region, Balkan States. Described from Western Europe. Type in Geneva. 114. V. poljensis Murbeck in Osterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 43 (1893) 365; Schlenker in Fedde, Repert. Beih. XC, 29; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Cen- tralbl. LXI, 429.—V. anagalloides Rompp in Fedde, Repert. Beih. L (1928) 160 p.p.—(?) V. anagallis var. umbrosa Koschewn. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 51, 2 (1876) 297.—V. anagallis b. villosa Bge. ex Schmalh. Fl. IT (1897) 273. Perennial or annual. Stem erect, arcuate at base, 10-35 cm tall, cylindrical or 4-angled, fistular, glabrous. Cauline leaves sessile, semiamplexicaul, narrowly lanceolate, subacute or acute, denticulate or serrate, lower leaves subentire. Inflorescence axis densely pilose throughout. Pedicels in fruit slender, arcuate-upcurved, equaling bracts or 2 times as long, also densely pilose with multicellular hairs. Calyx almost Plate XXII. Veronica lutkeana Rupr., general appearance of plant, corolla, capsule, seed.—2. V. ciliata Fisch., general appearance of plant, corolla, capsule, seed.—3. V. gorbunovii Gontsch., general appearance of plant, corolla, capsule, seed.—4. V. densiflora Ldb., general appearance of plant, corolla, seed, capsule. 418 tomentose with long multicellular simple hairs; lobes oblong-lanceolate, subacute, equaling mature capsule or slightly shorter. Corolla 3-3.5 mm across, white with pink stripes on upper and lateral lobes. Capsule - suborbicular, 3-3.8 mm long, 2.7-3.4 mm broad, somewhat densely 476 puberulent, obscurely emarginate; style at least 1/2 as long as capsule. June. On muddy banks.—European USSR: Upper Dnieper (Poltava), Mid- dle Dnieper (Kursk), Volga-Don (Tambov, vicinity of Voronezh), Lower Volga (Ergeni), General distribution: Southern Europe. Described from Herzegovina (Gackopolje). Type in Lund. Series 2. Eubeccabungae. Keller in Bot. Kozl. XXXIX, 3-4 (1942) 155, pro subsect.—All leaves petiolate. Stems cylindrical. Entire plant including inflorescence glabrous. Capsules subglobose, with very small sinus. 115. V. beccabunga L. Sp. pl. (1753) 12; M.B. FI. taur.-cauc. I. 9; C. Koch, Monogr. Veron. 19; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 468; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 237; Boiss. Pl. or. IV, 438; Pflanzenfam. IV, 3b, 86; Schmalh. F1. II, 273; Wulff in Tr. Tifl bot. sada, XV, 88; Rompp in Fedde, Repert, Beih. L, 157; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 384; Stroh in Beth. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 429; Kry]l. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2455.—V. muscosa Korsh. Ocherki rast. Turkest. (1895) 96.—V. tenerrima F.W. Schmidt in Mayer, Samml. Phys. Aufs. I (1791) 198.—V. beccabunga var. tenerrima (F.W. Schmidt) Kryl. Fl. Alt. (1907) 944.—V. hjuleri Pauls. Pl. Coll. in As. Med. and Pers. IV (1907) 212; Pavlov in Vestn. Akad. Nauk-KazSSR, No. 6, 45.—V. rotundifolia repens Gilib. Fl. lith. (1781) 117.—V. rotundifolia Gilib. Exerc. Phyt. I (1792) 120.—V. rotundifolia erecta Gilib. FI. lith. (1781) 116.—Beccabunga vul- garis Fourr. in Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon. N.S. XVII (1869) 128.—Ic.: Fedtsch. and Fler. Fl. Evrop. Ross. fig. 816; Syreistsch. Ill. fl. Mosk. gub. III, 145; Rchb. Ic. fl. Germ. XX, tab. 80, 1701; Hegi. Illustr. Fl. Mittel- Eur. VI, 1, tab. 237, f. 6; Javorka es Csapody, Iconogr. fl. Hung. f. No. 3290.—Exs.: GRF, No. 1676 a, b; Fl. pol. exs. No. 760; Pl. Finl. exs. No. 913. Perennial. Rootstock long, oblique, horizontal. Plant (5)10-60 cm tall. Stem rooting at base, ascending or erect in upper part, generally branched, subcylindrical, glabrous, rarely sparsely glandular-pubescent above, not fistular. Leaves opposite, narrowed into 5—7 (up to 15) mm long petiole; lamina orbicular to oblong-ovate, rarely lanceolate, 1-7 cm long, 0.5—2.5 cm broad, obtuse or subobtuse, serrulate, dentate or cre- nate, sometimes subentire, with rounded or subcuneate base, somewhat thick, glabrous, shining, dark green. Racemes axillary, opposite, lax, with 10-30 flowers, glabrous, slightly exceeding or 2 times (rarely more) as long as leaves, flowers on divergent (in lower flowers) glabrous pedicels, 477 419 almost equaling small (about 1 mm broad) bracts and, calyx or 2 times as long as calyx, 3-6(8) mm long in fruit, curved. Calyx 4-partite, with oblong-lanceolate, acute, subequal, glabrous lobes, scarcely shorter than corolla and almost equaling capsule. Corolla 4—9 mm across, 2.5-4 mm long, pale sky-blue, with blue stripes, bright blue or dark lilac, rarely pink or white, slightly exceeding calyx; upper lobe broadly ovate, sometimes bifid, lateral lobes ovate, lower narrowly ovate. Stamens included, with curved filaments and large ovate anthers. Capsule subglobose, 3-4 mm long, hard, inflated, not laterally compressed, equaling calyx or shorter, glabrous, with or without very small sinus; style erect, 1.5—-2 mm long. Seeds ellipsoid, about 0.5 mm long, terete, 20-30 in locule. April to September (Plate XXI, fig. 2). On banks of rivers, irrigation canals, lakes, in marshes, damp places, distributed in mountains up to alpine zone.—European USSR: Karelia- Lapland, Dvina-Pechora, Baltic Region, Ladoga-Ilmen, Upper Volga, Volga-Kama, Upper Dnieper, Middle Dnieper, Volga-Don, Trans-Volga Region, Upper Dniester, Bessarabia, Black Sea Region, Crimea, Lower Don., Lower Volga; Caucasus: Ciscaucasia, Dagestan, western, east- ern and southern Transcaucasia, Talysh: Western Siberia: Ob’ Region, Upper Tobol, Irtysh, Altai Mountains; Soviet Far East: Sakhalin (appar- ently introduced): Soviet Central Asia: Aral-Caspian Region, Balkhash Region.Dzh.-Tarbagatai, mountainous Turkmenia, Syr Darya, Pamiro- Alai, Tien Shan. General distribution: Scandinavia, Central and Atlantic Europe, Mediterranean Region, Balkan States-Asia Minor, Armenia- Kurdistan, Iran, India-Himalayas, Mongolia, China, Japan, North America. Described from Western Europe. Type in London. Note. A stunted, densely leafy form with small leaves, var. mucosa Korsch., is found in the alpine zone of the Central Asian mountains, gen- erally at altitude of about 3600 m. 116. V. americana (Rafin.) Schweinitz ex Benth. in DC. Prodr. X (1846) 468: Pflanzenfam. IV, 3b, 86; Rompp in Fedde, Repert. Beih. L, 158; Fedtsch. Fl. Komand. o. 94; Kom. and Alis. Opred. rast. Dalnevost. kr. II, 924; Stroh, in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 430—V. anagallis Ldb. Fl. Ross. III (1847-1849) 236, quoad pl. Kamtsch. non Linn.—V. beccabunga var. americana Rafin. Med. Fl. 2 (1830) 109.—V. beccabunga procum- bens Rafin. |.c. Sugawara IIlustr. Saghal, IV, 1639.—V. beccabunga var. americana (Schwein.) Glehn ex Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Pétersb. XXVII (1882) 510; Miyabe, Fl. Kuril. 253.—I/c.: Britt. and Brown. Illustr. Fl. USA, ed. 2, III, 200; Sugawara, I.c. tab. 751. Perennial. Rootstock oblique or horizontal. Plant glabrous, prostrate at base and rooting at lower nodes, shoots 5-50 cm tall. Stem weakly branched, decumbent or partially ascending, cylindrical. Leaves subsessile, 478 420 somewhat thick, ovate to lanceolate, 3-7 cm long, about 3 cm broad, obtuse or acute, subentire or rather distinctly serrate-dentate above, broadest at base, truncate, rounded or subcordate, sharply narrowed into petiole. Racemes lax, 10—30-flowered, on 3—10 cm long peduncles, axillary, sometimes branched. Pedicels glabrous, horizontally diverging in fruit 4.5 mm-1 cm long or more, 2 times as long as calyx, equaling or 2 times as long as lanceolate bracts. Calyx glabrous, with 4 oblong- lanceolate lobes, about 3-4 mm long. Corolla pink or sky-blue, without stripes, 4-9 mm across. Stamens slightly exserted from corolla. Capsule subglobose, 4-5 mm broad, 3-4 mm long, with or without small sinus, slightly shorter than calyx, glabrous; style 2-3 mm long, often curved, filiform. Seeds 20-30, slightly compressed, about 0.5 mm long, ellipsoid to orbicular weakly rugose. May to August. In slow-moving waters near banks, in shallow water, partly sub- merged plants.—Soviet Far East: Kamchatka (and Commander Islands), Okhotsk, Uda Region, Sakhalin (and Kuril Islands). General distribution: Japan (northern part), Bering Strait, North America, Described from North America. Note. V. americana (Rafin.) Schwein, is intermediate between V. bec- cabunga L. and V. anagallis-acquatica L. the seeds and capsules are similar to those of the former species, the leaves petiolates as in the latter, but with the petioles shorter and broader. Series 3. Oxycarpae Boriss—Leaves sessile or petiolate. Stems obscurely 4-angled, fistular, subglabrous, glandular above or densely glandular-pubescent throughout. Capsules acute or subacute, broad or oblong-ovoid, rhombic, sometimes suborbicular. 117. V. beccabungoides Bornm. in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. XXII, 2 (1907) 111; Schlenker in Fedde, Repert. Beih. XC, 28. Perennial. Rhizomatous plant, 8-12 cm tall. Stem glabrous or sub- glabrous, glandular above, partially ascending, erect above. Leaves with about 0.5 cm long petioles, only upper leaves sessile, ovate-orbicular or oblong, 1.2—3 cm long, 1—1.5 cm broad, obtuse, with rounded or cuneate base, obscurely crenate, dentate or subentire, glabrous. Racemes 8—15- flowered, weak, lax, rather densely glandular-pubescent. Bracts shorter than pedicels. Pedicels 3.5—5.5 mm long, slender, erect, diverging at acute or almost right angle, almost 2 times as long as calyx and bracts. Calyx 4-partite, lobes oblong-spatulate, sparsely pubescent or glabrous, shorter than capsule. Corolla pink (?). Capsule broadly ovoid, 2 mm broad, 3 mm long, acuminate or acute, not emarginate, glandular; style included. July. - Possible origin in mountainous Turkmenia. General distribution: Iran. Described from Kerman Province. Type in Berlin. 479 421 118. V. montioides Boiss. Diagn. pl. or. I, 7 (1846) 43; Benth. in DC, Prodr. X, 490.—V. anagallis-aquatica auct. non L.: Rompp in Fedde. Repert. Beih. L 59, p.p.: Schlenker in Fedde, Repert. Beih. XC, 4. p.p.: Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 426; p.p—V. anagallis-aquatica var. montioides Boiss. Fl. or. IV (1879) 437; Wulff in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, XV, 92.—V. pusilla Benth. in DC. Prodr. X (1846) 468, p.p.; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 437, p.p.—V. anagallis var. macra Trautv. in Tr. Peterb. bot. sada, II (1873), 574, p.p. VII (1880) 492. Annual. Plant glabrous, simple or sparsely branched. Stem ascending or partially so at base, 5-10 cm tall. Lower leaves petiolate or narrowed toward base, ovate, 1-15 mm (sic) long, 8-10 mm broad, slender, entire; upper leaves sessile, ovate or elliptical, sometimes semiamplexicaul, entire or obscurely dentate. Racemes 6—12(15)-flowered. Bracts oblong-ovate, shorter than pedicels. Pedicels slender, upcurved, later almost horizontally divergent, longer than bracts. Calyx with broad-ovate or ovate-elliptical, subobtuse, 2 mm long 1 mm broad lobes, slightly exceeding capsule. Corolla sky-blue, scarcely exceeding calyx. Ovary sparsely ciliate above. Capsule about 3.5 mm long, suborbicular, slightly laterally compressed; style almost equaling capsule. Seeds numerous, minute. July to September. In rivulets, in shady ravines, at altitude up to 2000 m. Caucasus: east- ern and southern Transcaucasia; Soviet Central Asia: mountainous Turk- menia. General distribution: Iran. Described from Iran. Type in Geneva. 119. V. bobrovii Nevski in Tr. Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, I, 4 (1937) 321; B. Fedtsch. in Fl. Turkm. VI, 271. Perennial. Delicate glabrous plant. Stem partially ascending 15-17 cm tall. Lower leaves petiolate, ovate, with distinctly and sparsely crenate- dentate margin, 3.54 cm long, 1.7—2.2 cm broad, slender, cuneately nar- rowed into short, 1.5—-2 cm long petiole; upper leaves sessile, oblong- obovate, sharply cuneate-narrowed toward base, with somewhat serrate upper margin. Racemes in upper leaf axils, somewhat lax, 2.5-3.5 cm long, often unilateral; flowers 10 or more. Bracts linear-lanceolate or lin- ear, acute. Pedicels pilose, about 3 mm long, divergent, exceeding bracts. Calyx lobes broadly ovate, subobtuse, 2.5—3 mm long, slightly exceeding capsule. Corolla white, with faint blue stripes, small. Capsule 2.5 mm long ovoid, subacute, glabrous; style almost equaling capsule. Flowering June to July (Plate XXI, fig. 4). On marshy stony river banks, in ravines. Soviet Central Asia: Pamiro- Alai (Kugitang). Endemic. Type in Leningrad. 120. V. michauxii Lam. Tabl. Encycl. I (1791) 44; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 417; Koch, Monogr. Veron. 18; Boiss. Fl. or. IV. 439; Rompp in Fedde Repert. Beih. L, 161; Schlenker, in Fedde, Repert. Beih. XC, 28; 480 422 Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 429.—Ic.: Jaub. and Spach. Illustr. pl. or. tab. 424. Perennial. Rootstock prostrate. Stems (5)15-—60 cm tall, single or nu- merous, partially ascending, rooting or erect with short branches above, obscurely 4-angled, fistular, densely glandular-pubescent. Leaves sessile, ovate to lanceolate, rounded or cordate-semiamplexicaul at base, obtuse or subobtuse, with crenate-dentate or entire margin; lower leaves on veg- etative lateral shoots, petiolate, sessile on main shoots; leaves somewhat densely glandular-pubescent mainly beneath. Racemes rather dense, in up- per leaf axils, on firm peduncles, elongated in fruit. Pedicels erect, scarcely longer than or equaling bracts and calyx, 3-5 mm long in fruit, divergent at acute angle, sometimes incurved, glandular-puberulent. Calyx with ovate or oblong-lanceolate, acute lobes. Corolla reddish or pale violet, about 7 mm broad, exceeding calyx. Capsule about 3-4 mm long, 3-3.5 mm broad, broadly ovoid or oblong-rhombic, sometimes suborbicular, obtuse, weakly emarginate or subacute, somewhat inflated, hard, generally ex- ceeding calyx; style equaling or slightly exceeding capsule. Seeds about 0.5 mm long, 0.25 mm broad, plano-convex, numerous. Flowering July. Fruiting August. In river valleys, near irrigation canals, in damp places at 2000-3600 m.—Soviet Central Asia: Tien Shan (?), Pamiro-Alai (Pamir, Shugnan). General distribution: Iran, India-Himalayas. Described from Khamadan Province. Type in Paris. 121. V. lysimachioides Boiss. Diagn. pl. or. II, 3 (1856) 165; FI. or. IV, 438; Schlenker in Fedde, Repert. Beih. XC, 24; Stroh in Beith. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 429; VI, 269.—V. oxycarpa auct. non Boiss.: Rompp in Fedde, Repert. Beih. L, 162, p.p.; Stroh, I.c. (pl. tauricae); Schlenker, l.c. p.p.; 24 (pl. tauricae). Perennial. Plant glabrous, 30-90 cm tall. Stem fistular, densely leafy, erect or ascending at base. Leaves sessile, amplexicaul, sometimes con- nate, oblong-lanceolate, (3)5—8 cm long, 4-10 mm broad, acuminate, den- ticulate or entire. Racemes in upper leaf axils. 5—15 cm long, 20—200- flowered, very dense, elongated in fruit. Pedicels in flowers and fruits 2.5—3.5 mm long, erect, somewhat incurved, scarcely exceeding bracts and calyx. Bracts setiform, shorter than pedicels. Flowers often unilateral. Calyx with lanceolate acute lobes, slightly shorter than or equaling cap- sule. Corolla white or pale sky-blue, exceeding calyx. Capsules in dense and long, often somewhat unilateral racemes, appressed to axis, glabrous, ovoid, large, obtuse or weakly emarginate, with rounded base; style almost equaling sinus. Flowering April to May. Along banks of rivulets and irrigation canals. European USSR: Crimea: Caucasus: western and southern Transcaucasia: Talysh; Soviet 481 423 Central Asia: mountainous Turkmenia. General distribution: Balkan States-Asia Minor, Armenia-Kurdistan. Described from Asia Minor (Ly- dia). Type in Geneva. 122. V. oxycarpa Boiss. Diagn. pl. or. I, 7 (1846) 44; Fl. or. IV, 438; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 490; Rompp in Fedde, Repert. Beih. L, 162, p.p.; Schlenker, in Fedde, Repert. Beih. XC, 24; Tr. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, I, 4, 320: Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 429.—V. oxycarpa var. turcmenica Schlenker, |.c. 26—V. michauxii B. Fedtsch. in Fl. Turkm. VI (1954) 27, non Lam.—V. anagalloides var. maruensis B. Fedtsch. l.c. 270, in note.—V. maruensis B. Fedtsch. l.c.—Ic.: Schlenker, I.c. tab. I, f. 2, 3; tab. II. Perennial. Rootstock creeping, rooting. Plant glabrous or glandular- pilose in upper part. Stem (5)10-80(150) cm tall, erect or partially as- cending at base, single, rarely few together, fistular, terminating into leafy shoots. Leaves glabrous, 2-8 cm long, 0.5—2.5 cm broad: lower leaves short-petiolate, opposite, sometimes in whorls of 3, obovate or ovate, ob- tuse, obscurely crenate-serrate; upper leaves sessile, oblong to broadly lanceolate and linear, semiamplexicaul, obscurely, crenate-serrate or en- tire, acute. Racemes in opposite pairs, axillary, glabrous in lower part, glandular above, 10(15-20) cm long in fruit, many-flowered. Bracts small, linear-lanceolate, 2-2.5 mm long, 1/2 as long as pedicels. Pedicels erect, slender, incurved; lower pedicels slightly longer, 4—5 mm in fruit. Calyx 4-partite, with oblong-ovate, subacute lobes almost equaling or shorter than capsule, equaling or 1/2 as long as bracts. Corolla 4-5 mm long, pale blue (var. turcmenica Schlenker) or reddish, slightly exceeding ca- lyx. Capsule almost equaling or exceeding calyx, orbicular-ovoid or ob- scurely emarginate, tapering into short or long point, 3-4.5 mm long, 2-3.5 mm broad, glabrous; style shorter than or equaling capsule. Seeds about 0.5 mm long, elliptical, somewhat compressed, weakly asperate. Flowering and fruiting in June. On moist slopes, in alkaline meadows.—Caucasus: southern Trans- caucasia: Soviet Central Asia: Dzh.-Tarbagatai, mountainous Turkmenia (Kugitang, Kopet-Dag). Pamir-Alai, Tien Shan (Kungei Ala-Tau, Susamyr Range). General distribution: Iran. Described from Iran. Type in Geneva. Section 9. Macrostemon Boriss. sect. nov. in Addenda XXI, 809.—Sect. Veronicastrum Benth. in DC. Prodr. X (1846) 479 and auct. plur. p.p.—Sect. Chamaedrys Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI (1942) 386, p.p. non Griseb——Flowers in dense, capitate or oblong, short, spicate, terminal inflorescence. Pedicels short or flowers subsessile. Calyx 5-partite. Corolla tube short. Capsule slightly compressed, obtuse or obscurely emarginate. Seeds flat or plano-convex, orbicular or elliptical. Leaves opposite, upper leaves sometimes alternate, connivent, sessile or 424 short-petiolate at flowering stage. Perennials, small herbs or semishrubs, sometimes forming dense turf. Series 1. Alpinae Boiss.—Stems with scale leaves in lower part. Perennial, small, high-altitude herbs. Leaves ovate to oblong, entire or ser- rulate, spaced. Corolla tube short. Racemes terminal, capitate or elongated, 5-20-flowered, often lax in fruit. Capsules ovoid, somewhat emarginate. Seeds flat. 123. V. alpina L. Sp. pl. (1753) 11; C. Koch, Monogr. Veron. 30; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 482; Ldb. FI. Ross. III, 248, p.p.; Pflanzenfam. IV, 3b, 86; Rompp in Fedde, Repert. Beih. L, 29; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Cen- tralbl. LXI, I, 386.—V. nutans Bong. in Mém. Acad. Pétersb. II (1833) 157.—Ic.: Fedtsch. and Fler. Fl. Evrop. Ross. fig. 802; Juel in Acta Horti Berg. I, No. 5, tab. I, f. 4; tab. 2, f. 15; Hegi, Illustr. Fl. Mittel-Eur. VI, 1, tab. 239, f. 2; Javorka és Csapody, Iconogr. fl. Hung., f. 3317.—Exs.: Fl. gall. and germ. No. 2721. Perennial. Rootstock creeping, slender, fusiform. Plant crispate-hairy, eglandular. Stem 5—15(25) cm tall, ascending, with creeping, short, slender aerial leafy shoots, sparsely covered with long, soft, patent hairs. Upper leaves alternate, rest opposite, ovate or oblong-elliptical, 10-30 mm long, 5-20 mm broad, with short and broad petioles, acute; lower leaves obtuse, cuneate at base; all leaves ciliate along margin, subcrenate or entire; lower leaves scalelike; upper leaves gradually transforming into floral leaves. Inflorescence capitate, later elongated, hispid, with patent hairs; flowers (1)3—20 on about 1.5—2 mm long pedicels, crowded in leaf axils in termi- nal racemes; racemes sometimes lateral. Calyx about 3 mm long, incised upto 3/4 into 5 (one of these underdeveloped) oblong, obtuse or acute un- equal lobes, pubescent with ciliate margin. Corolla sky-blue or bluish vio- let, sometimes white, 4-7 mm long, with obovate, unequal, obtuse lobes, corolla tube 1/3, 5-veined, glabrous inside. Stamens very short, included, scarcely exceeding tube. Pistil shorter than corolla. Capsule obovate or oblong-obovate, 4.5—-7.5 mm long, 3.5-5.5 mm broad, with shallow acute sinus, pubescent; style 1/7—1/3 of capsule, erect, short. Seeds flat, smooth, elliptical, 0.7-1 mm long. June to July. On grassy slopes, moist rocks, on hills; rarely in mountains in a!pine and subalpine meadows in forest zone. Arctic Region: Arctic Europe; Eu- ropean USSR: Karelia-Lapland, Dvina-Pechora, Upper Dniester; Western Siberia: Ob’ Region; Eastern Siberia: Angara-Sayan. General distribution: Arctic, Northern, Central and Atlantic Europe, China (Manchuria), Korea, Bering Strait. Described from Alps of Western Europe. Type in London. 124. V. bellidioides L. Sp. pl. (1753) 11; C. Koch, Monogr. Veron. 34; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 482; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 452; Pflanzenfam. IV, 483 425 3b. 86; Rompp in Fedde. Repert. Beih. L, 30; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Cen- tralbl. LXI, 387.—V. lilacina Towns in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fl. XXV (1878) 16.—Ic.: Rchb. Ic. fl. Germ. XX, tab. 95, 1716, f. IV—V; tab. 214, 1835, f. 10, 11; Hegi, Ilustr. Fl. Mittel-Eur. VI, 1, fig. 28; Javorka és Csapody, Iconogr. fl. Hung. f. 3318; Juel in Acta Horti Berg. I, No. 5, ° tab. II, f. 12;—Exs.: Schultz, Herb. Norm. No. 1636; Hayek, FI. Stir. exs. No. 1245. Perennial. Plant caespitose, prostrate, rooting and partially ascending. Stem 5-25 cm long, unbranched, sparsely pubescent in lower part, glandu- lar above. Leaves all densely pubescent; lower leaves crowded, obovate, spatulate, 1.5—3.5 cm long, short-petiolate or subsessile, with cuneate base, obtuse, subcrenate or subentire; cauline leaves opposite, smaller, oblong to oblong-spatulate, 1-2 pairs. Flowers 5—10, crowded in capitate, umbellate- racemose, terminal inflorescence. Pedicels erect, equaling or slightly ex- ceeding calyx, shorter than bracts. Calyx lobes 4, sometimes 5, glandular, unequal oblong or oblong-lanceolate, subobtuse, pubescent, 1/2 as long as mature capsule. Corolla blue, exceeding calyx; limb with 4 subobtuse lobes, 3 broadly ovate, 1 ovate; tube short, with 5 veins at base. Stamens included. Capsule almost 2 times as long as calyx, about 8 mm long, 5-6 mm broad, ovoid, slightly tapering above and somewhat emarginate, glandular; style almost 1/2. as long as mature capsule. Seeds numerous, about 1 mm broad, flat, orbicular or elliptical, smooth. July to August. In mountains, up to 3000 m, on grassy slopes and in alpine meadows. European USSR: Upper Dniester. General distribution: Atlantic and Cen- tral Europe (Alps), Balkan States-Asia Minor (mountains in northern part of Balkan Peninsula). Described from Switzerland. Type in London. Series 2. Fruticulosae.—Small semishrubs, woody at base. Leaves oblong to lanceolate. Racemes short, few-flowered, lax, elongated in fruit. Capsule ovoid to oblong; style short, erect. 125. V. fruticulosa L. Sp. pl. (1762) 15; C. Koch, Monogr. Veron. 35; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 480; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 247; Pflanzenfam. IV, 3b, 85; Rompp in Fedde, Repert. Beih. L, 32; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Cen- tralbl. LXI, 388.—Ic.: Rchb. Ic. fl. germ. XX, tab. 96, 1717, f. III; tab. 214, 1835, f. 9; Juel in Acta Horti Berg. I, No. 5, f. 13; Hegi, Illustr. Fl. Mittel-Eur. VI, 1, tab. 238, f. 4. Perennial. Stems woody at base, 10—30 cm tall, erect or partially ascending, branched above, numerous, puberulent or subglabrous. Leaves opposite, short-petiolate, oblong or lanceolate, 1—2.5 cm long, 0.3-0.7 cm broad, tapering above, subobtuse, appressed-pilose or subglabrous, shining, somewhat thick, obscurely dentate, lower leaves small. Flowers (up to 15) in lax racemes. Pedicels short, alternate, glandular-pilose slightly shorter than bracts and calyx, nearly as long 484 485 426 in fruit. Calyx lobes lanceolate, generally shorter than capsule, rounded above, glandular. Bracts and pedicels glandular. Corolla 10-13 mm across, pale pink or red, with dark stripes, rarely white, with yellow throat, short tube; limb with 1 orbicular-truncate, 2 orbicular-ovate and 1 ovate lobes. Stamens almost equaling corolla. Capsule 5-7 mm long, 4-5 mm broad, oblong-ellipsoid and ovoid, sometimes retuse, glandular-pubescent; style almost equaling capsule, curved. Seeds 15-30 in locule, about 1.5 mm long, elliptical or oblong, almost smooth. July to August. On stony and pebbly mountain slopes, on rocks, often on slopes of southern exposure. European USSR: Upper Dniester. General dis- tribution: Atlantic and Central Europe. Described from Spain. Type in London. 126. V. fruticans Jacq. Enum. stirp. Vindob. 2 (1762) 200; Pflanzen- fam. IV, 3b, 85; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 388.—V. saxatilis L. f. Suppl. (1780) 83; C. Koch, Monogr. Veron. 35.—Ic.: Rchb. Ic. fl. Germ. XX, tab. 96, 1717, f. I-II; tab. 214, 1835. f. 8; Hegi, II- lustr. Fl. Mittel-Eur. VI, tab. 239, f. 3; Javorka és Csapody, Iconogr. fl. Hung. f. 3319; Juel in Acta Horti Berg. I, No. 5, tab. I, fig. 8—tab. II, fig. 14.—Exs.: Fl. Stir. exs. No. 661. Perennial. Semishrub. 5—10-cm tall, pubescent with appressed, short and crispate hairs, intermixed with patent hairs or glabrous. Stem branched, densely leafy, erect, ascending or partially ascending. Leaves oblong- lanceolate or elliptical, 1-2 cm long, 0.2-0.6 cm broad, obtuse, obscurely crenate or subentire, with cuneate base, generally glabrous and shining, somewhat thick; lower leaves petiolate, upper sessile, gradually transform- ing into bracts. Racemes terminal, lax, pubescent with crispate and glandu- lar hairs; racemes rarely lateral. Flowers (1-18) in axils of lower, leaflike bracts. Pedicels erect, generally longer than bracts. Calyx lobes 4, spatu- late, oblong to lanceolate, sometimes with 5th underdeveloped lobe, finely ciliolate. Corolla 10-14 mm across, dark blue, with purple throat, some- times pink, with very short tube, 5-veined; limb rotate, with 3 subequal, orbicular and 1 larger, orbicular-reniform, lobes. Stamens included, with curved filaments and ovoid anthers. Capsule oblong-lanceolate, 7-9 mm long, 3—5 mm broad, tapering above, equaling calyx or 2 times as long, not emarginate, dehiscing into 4 parts along valves and placental column; style 1/2.as long as or almost equaling capsule. Seeds numerous, oblong-ovate, minute. June to August. In damp meadows, in mountains along rocks, debris and in meadows of alpine and subalpine zones.—Arctic Region: Arctic Europe: European USSR: Karelia-Lapland, Upper Dniester (Carpathian mountains). General distribution: Arctic Region, Scandinavia, in mountains of Central and 486 427 Atlantic Europe, Mediterranean Region (mountains). Described from Western Europe. Type in Vienna. Series 3. Diffusae Boriss—Short, high-altitude herbs, becoming woody at base, often caespitose. Leaves orbicular to ovate, generally crowded. Racemes capitate, sometimes spicate in fruit. Bracts shorter than calyx. Corolla tube short. Capsule suborbicular or oblong-obovoid, shallow-emarginate. 127. V. lutkeana Rupr. in Mém. Acad. Sc. Pétersb. 7, XIV, 4 (1869) 62; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 423.—V. macrostemon auct. fl. As. Med. non Bge.—V. capitata Royle var. tomentosa Schmidt in Journ. Bot. 6 (1868) 229, 247. Perennial. Roots slender, numerous. Plant 5—6(10) cm tall, sparsely caespitose. Stem branched in middle, with short lateral shoots, uni- formly pubescent throughout. Leaves ovate or orbicular, upto 13 mm long, 8-11 mm broad, generally acute densely canescent on both sur- faces; upper leaves serrate. Flowers in corymbose, generally compact inflorescence, almost spicate in fruit, elongated upto 2.5 cm. Pedicels of lower flowers 5-8 mm long. Calyx lobes 5, unequal, narrowly lanceolate, densely crispate-hairy; 1 lobe much shorter than others. Corolla blue or bluish violet, about 6 mm long, with almost regular limb and very short tube. Stamens shorter than, equaling or slightly exceeding corolla; anthers about 1 mm long, orbicular. Capsule about 5 mm long, 33.5 mm broad, slightly exceeding calyx, ovoid, not emarginate, subobtuse, with diffuse long hairs, generally above; style almost equaling capsule, slender. Seeds flat, ovate, about 1 mm long, 0.75 mm broad, inserted at base, brown. Flowering May to July. Fruiting July to August (Flate XXII, fig. 1). In alpine zone near snow banks and glaciers, in moist soils at 1700-3700 m altitude.—Soviet Central Asia: Pamiro-Alai, Tien Shan. General distribution: Dzh.-Kashgar (Kuldzha). Described from Kungei Ala-Tau Range, Dzhaman-Daban Ravine. Type in Leningrad. 128. V. macrostemon Bge. in Ldb. FI. alt. I (1829) 35; C. Koch, Monogr. Veron. 35; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 479; Ldb. Fl. Ross. II, 246; Pflanzenfam. IV, 3b, 85; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2447; Rompp in Fedde, Repert. Beih. L, 41; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI 389. —Ic.: Ldb. Ic. pl. fl. Ross. I, tab. 127. Perennial. Rootstock slender, creeping; roots numerous, slender. Stems generally numerous, somewhat spaced, 10-15(30) cm tall, procum- bent, with long spreading branches in middle, uniformly pubescent above, subglabrous below. Lower leaves scale-like, spaced, suborbicular or ovate, subentire; cauline leaves 5-15 mm long, 3-10 mm broad, oblong-elliptical or ovate, serrate-dentate, subacute, subsessile or narrowed into very short 487 428 petiole, somewhat spaced, scattered hairy above, glabrous or subglabrous beneath. Flowers in terminal, subcapitate and oblong racemes, elongated into spicate inflorescence towards end of flowering stage. Bracts oblong- lanceolate, acute, sparsely crispate-hairy. Pedicels equaling calyx, shorter than bracts. Calyx lobes lanceolate, subacute, pilose mainly along margin. Corolla bluish violet, 2 times as long as calyx, 7-9 mm long. Stamens and Style exserted by 2—2.5 mm; anthers about 1 mm long. Capsule oblong-obovoid, 5-6 mm long, 1.5 times as long as calyx, shallowly emarginate. slightly laterally compressed. Style filiform, included. Seeds flat, ovate, about 1.5 mm long, 1 mm broad, inserted at base. June to August. On rocks and grassy slopes in pebbly-lichen tundra in alpine zone.—Western Siberia: Altai Mountains: Eastern Siberia: Angara-Sayan. General distribution: Mongolia. Described from vicinity of Chuya River. Type in Leningrad. 129. V. densiflora Ldb. FI. alt. I (1829) 34; C. Koch, Monogr. Veron. 35; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 480; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 246; Rompp in Fedde, Repert. Beih. L, 41; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2448; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 389.—V. capitata Fisch. ex Colla, Herb. Pe- dem. IV (1835) 348, non Royle; Stroh, I.c. 432.—V. alpina Pall. ex. Koch, |.c. 35.—Paederota humilis Stephan ex Link. Jahrb. I, III (1820) 45.—P. bonarota Schangin in Pall. Neue nord. Beitrag. VI (1812) 55, non L.; Georgi. Beschr. Russ. Reich. Beih. III, 4, 653.—Ic.: Ldb. Ic. pl. fl. Ross. II, tab. 125; Juel in Acta Horti Berg. I, No. 5, tab. I, f. 11; tab. II, f. 16. Perennial. Rootstock slender. Densely caespitose plant. Stems 5-15 cm tall, numerous, branched at base, ascending, with 2 opposite rows of hairs alternating along internodes, sometimes evenly extending only along upper part of stems. Leaves opposite, connivent at flowering stage, separating at fruiting stage, sessile; lower leaves sometimes connate at base, lower-most scalelike, small; stem uniformly leafy up to inflorescence, leaves oblong or obovate to orbicular-ovate, 7-20 mm long, 5-12 mm broad, subobtuse, crenulate or crenate, narrowed and entire toward base, sparsely pubescent on both surfaces, rather thin. Flowers in terminal, compact, rounded or oblong racemes, later elongated in fruit. Pedicels almost equaling calyx, pubescent, shorter than bracts. Calyx 3-3.5 mm long; lobes 5, ovate-lanceolate, with ciliate margin; 1 lobe much smaller than others. Corolla deep sky-blue or lilac, 6-7 mm long, limb subregular, with 3 oblong, subobtuse, erect lobes and 1 ovate, obtuse lobe; tube 1/2 as long as limb, with hairy ring in throat. Stamens and pistil exserted. Capsule about 4 mm long, obovoid, slightly laterally compressed, with or without small sinus, 1.5 times as long as calyx, glabrous, sometimes 488 429 with scattered hairs; style filiform, much exceeding corolla. Seeds plano- convex, about 1 mm broad, ovate. Flowering May to June. Fruiting May to August (Plate XXII, fig. 4). On pebbly and stony slopes, from forest to alpine zones, on bar- ren peaks in lichenaceous tundra, near edges of snow patches. Western Siberia: Irtysh, Altai Mountains (Kuznetsk Ala-Tau); Eastern Siberia: An- gara Sayan, Dauria; Soviet Far East: Kamchatka; Soviet Central Asia: Dzh.-Tarbagatai, (Saur), Tien Shan (Terskei Ala-Tau). General distribu- tion: Mongolia. Described from Koksu River. Type in Leningrad. 130. V. macrostemonoides Zak. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSR, XIII (1950) 44.—V. macrostemon auct. fl. As. Med. non Bge. Perennial. Roots numerous, slender. Plant 12—20(25) cm tall, crispate- hairy. Stem simple or branched, often violet, partially ascending, flexu- ous, uniformly hairy or subglabrous. Leaves opposite, ovate or oblong- ovate, sometimes suborbicular, 8—15(20) cm long, 6-12 mm broad, ses- sile, with rounded base, subacute, rarely denticulate or entire, crispate- hairy or subglabrous (var. hissarica Boriss.); lower leaves scalelike, ob- long, spaced. Flowers on terminal, corymbose-capitate racemes, elongated in fruit. Bracts lanceolate, almost equaling pedicels at flowering stage. Pedicels 4-6 mm long, 7-10 mm in fruit. Calyx lobes 5, lanceolate 3-4 mm long, 1-1.5 mm broad, crispate white-hairy or sparsely pilose. Corolla sky- blue or blue (var. hissarica Boriss.), tube about 1 mm long, limb 5-6 mm across. Stamens slightly exserted, about 5 mm long, anthers ovoid, about 1 mm long. Capsule about 4 mm long, with isolated white hairs, subacute. Seeds not known. July to August. On stony slopes and among debris.—Soviet Central Asia: Pamiro- Alai (Zeravshan and Hissar ranges). Endemic. Described from Zeravshan Range. Type in Leningrad. Note. Plants from the Hissar Range are distinguished from typical plants by the glabrous or subglabrous leaves, longer pedicels, smaller calyx with less pubescent lobes and blue flowers (var. hissarica Boriss.). 131. V. serpylloides Rgl. in Tr. Peterb. bot. sada. VI, 2 (1879) 345; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 389; Pavlov in Vestn. Akad. Nauk KazSSR, 6, 43. Perennial. Roots numerous, slender. Stem pubescent above, with 2 opposite rows of hairs, branched from base, densely leafy. Leaves fleshy, somewhat stiff, orbicular-ovate or elliptical, 5-8 mm long, ob- tuse, subobtuse or subacute, narrowed toward base; with margin crispate, sparsely shallowly crenate or entire; young leaves sparsely hairy, later subglabrous. Flowers in terminal compact racemes or sometimes in lat- eral racemes. Pedicels much shorter than calyx, both villous with white 489 430 crispate hairs. Calyx lobes lanceolate. Corolla whitish or bluish, subro- tate, glabrous inside; limb subregular, tube very short. Stamens slightly exserted; style slender, long, exserted. Capsule suborbicular, scarcely emarginate. Flowering July. In alpine zone.—Soviet Central Asia: Dzh.-Tarbagatai. Endemic: De- scribed from Kazan Pass near Sairam Lake, in valley of Kaskabulak River. Type in Leningrad. Section 10. Stenocarpon Boriss. sect. nova. in Addenda XXI, 809.—Flowers in dense, terminal, corymbose or capitate racemes, subses- sile. Calyx 5-partite. Corolla tube short. Style often short and erect. Cap- sules not compressed, longer than broad, tapering above, subacute, dehisc- ing into 4 parts. Seeds minute, ovoid, narrowed toward base, obtuse. Peren- nial high-altitude herbs. Leaves ovate to lanceolate, acute, sessile, spaced. Series 1. Tianschanicae Boriss——Caespitose plants. Stems with scale leaves in lower part. Leaves glabrous, obscurely dentate or entire; up- per leaves alternate, lower opposite, ovate-oblong. Corolla greenish white. Capsules ovoid. 132. V. tianschanica Lincz. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, VII, 5 (1938) 107: Pavlov in Vestn. Akad. Nauk KazSSR, 6, 43.—Ic.: Linch. l.c. fig. 1. Perennial. Rhizomatous plant, 10-20 cm tall, densely caespitose. Stems numerous, up to 40, partially ascending at base, generally simple or weakly branched at base, with scale leaves below, glabrous or dif- fusely puberulent, densely leafy. Leaves sessile, glabrous, smooth, entire or obscurely dentate, somewhat thick, lower leaves opposite, ovate to oblong-lanceolate, subacute, 5-10(15) mm long, 5-9 mm broad; upper leaves alternate; rarely opposite, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 5-7 mm long, 1.5—2.5 mm broad. Flowers 10-15, in dense, spicate or capitate, terminal racemes, sometimes in corymbose inflorescence; inflorescence 15-30 mm long, about 15 mm in diameter, elongated in fruit; axis pu- berulent. Bracts herbaceous, green, oblong-lanceolate, 6-8 mm long, 2—2.5 mm broad, short-ciliate along margin. Pedicels 2-3 mm long. Calyx with 5 unequal, narrow lanceolate, (1.5)2.5—3(4) mm long, puberulent lobes with ciliate margin. Corolla greenish white, 4-partite, lobes 5—6 mm long, 1-2.5 mm broad, oblong-ovate or oblong, with short-ciliate margin, subacute; tube very short. Stamens 2 (sometimes 4), slightly exserted; anthers about 1 mm long. Ovary about 1 mm long, orbicular, pointed; style suberect, 7-8 mm long. Capsule (immature) ellipsoid, 4-5 mm long, puberulent. Seeds not known. June to July. In mixed-grass meadows on thin-soiled pebbly slopes of subalpine and alpine zones.—Soviet Central Asia: Tien Shan. Endemic. Described from Talas Ala-Tau. Type in Leningrad. 490 431 Series 2. Pamiroalaicae Boriss——Stems without scale leaves in lower part. Leaves oblong or oblong-ovate, not appressed to stem. Bracts shorter than flowers. Corolla tube very short. Stamens almost equaling corolla. Capsule ellipsoid, not emarginate, slightly compressed; style long. 133. V. gorbunovii Gontsch. in Tr. Tadzh. bazy, II (1936) 179. Perennial. Roots fibrous. Plant (12)20-35 cm tall. Stems 6-13, some- times more, simple, partially ascending at base, cylindrical, pubescent, later subglabrous below, leafy. Leaves opposite, sometimes in whorls of 3, uppermost sometimes alternate, generally almost equaling or shorter than internodes, oblong-ovate; upper leaves more elongated, all sessile, with rounded base, obscurely denticulate or subserrate, somewhat thick, glabrous, rarely with isolated, appressed white hairs, (12)15-22 mm long, 9-12(16) mm broad, gradually reduced above. Racernes terminal, 13-20 flowered, compact, oval 15-22 mm long, 9-13 mm broad, up to 25-40 mm long in fruit, axis crispate white-villous. Bracts shorter than flowers, green, lanceolate, gradually reducing above. Pedicels about 1 mm long, elongated up to 2.5 mm in fruit. Calyx lobes oblong-lanceolate, about 3.5 mm long, 0.5—0.7 mm broad, subobtuse, crispate white-villous. Corolla blue, tube about 1 mm long, limb about 9 mm across; lobes un- equal, ovate, obtuse; outer lobe largest, others, especially inner, smaller. Stamens almost equaling corolla; anthers about 1 mm long. Capsule el- lipsoid, about 5 mm long, 3 mm broad, with rounded tip, not emarginate, slightly compressed, puberulent; style slender, curved, almost equaling capsule. Seeds about 1 mm long, oblong-ovoid, light brown. June to August (Plate XXII, fig. 3). In subalpine meadows, at 2700-3300 m.—Soviet Central Asia: Pamiro-Alai (Zeravshan, and Hissar ranges, Darvaz Mountains). Endemic. Described from Zeravshan Range. Type in Leningrad. Series 3. Ciliatae Boriss—Stems without scale leaves. Leaves pubescent, generally opposite. Corolla blue, pink or whitish blue. Capsules tapering above, with short, erect styles. 134. V. ciliata Fisch. in Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. III (1812) 56; Benth. in DC. prodr. X, 467; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 240, Hook. Fl. Brit. Ind. IV, 292; Rompp in Fedde, Repert. Beih. L, 163; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Cen- tralbl. LXI, 430.—V. alpina auct. non L. Georgi, Reise, I (1800) 195; O. and B. Fedtsch. Perech. rast. Turkest. 5, 91 p.p—V. macrocarpa Turcz. Fl. exs. ex Steud. Nom. II (1843) 758, non Vahl. Perennial. Roots fibrous. Stems with two rows of hairs, erect, partially ascending at base, branched, 14-30 cm tall, hard, cylindrical. Leaves oppo- site, lower short-petiolate, upper sessile, erect, ovate or oblong-lanceolate, 491 432 obtuse, 2—2.5 cm long, shorter than internodes, entire at tip and base, un- equally serrate-crenate in middle part of lamina, hairy especially along margin and veins beneath; upper leaves subglabrous. Flowers 4—12, in capitate, pubescent, terminal inflorescence. Bracts linear, ciliate. Pedicels short, pilose, slightly shorter than bracts, elongated in fruit. Calyx 5-partite, 5th lobe generally 1/3 as long as corolla and much smaller than others; latter erect, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, ciliate and pilose. Corolla 5-6 mm across, sky-blue, bluish violet or pink, tube short; limb with 3 sube- qual, orbicular, broadly emarginate, and 1 oblong-lanceolate, scarcely emarginate lobes; lobes sometimes 5—6. Stamens 1/2 as long as corolla lobes, slightly curved, glabrous; anthers suborbicular-reniform. Capsule 9-10 mm long, 1.5-3 times as long as calyx, tapering above and sub- obtuse, scarcely emarginate, pubescent with long hairs, with short erect style. Seeds flat, 0.5-0.75 mm long, 0.25-0.5 mm broad. Flowering June to August (Plate XXII, fig. 2). In high-altitude zone, in gravelly moist soils of alpine meadows, on stony banks of rivers and lakes at altitude up to 3600 m—£astern Siberia: Angara-Sayan, Dauria; Soviet Central Asia: Dzh.-Tarbagatai, Pamiro-Alai, Tien Shan (Trans-Ili Ala-Tau). General Distribution: India-Himalayas, Dzh.-Kashgar, Mongolia, China, Tibet. Described from Trans-Baikal Re- gion. Type in Elningrad. Series 4. Longibracteatae Boriss—Stems without scale leaves. Leaves acuminate, broadest in lower part, appressed to stem. Bracts much exceeding calyx and corolla, young inflorescence as a result appear- ing tufted. Corolla united up to 1/2. Stamens included. Capsule subacute, tapering above; style short. 135. V. fedtschenkoi Boriss. sp. nov. Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, XVII (1955).-—V. ciliata auct. Fl. As. Med. non Fisch. Perennial. Roots fibrous. Plant with flowering and short vegetative basal shoots. Stems few, partially ascending at base, flexuous and erect, simple, unbranched, 15-25 mm tall, covered with long, curved, crispate hairs, densely so above, with 2 opposite rows of hairs below. Leaves sessile, 1.5—3 cm long, 5-10 mm broad, narrowly lanceolate; lower leaves oblong-lanceolate; uppermost linear, broadest in lower part, with rounded base, long acuminate, with reflexed margin, sparsely denticulate, with sparse, white, soft and long hairs; all leaves erect, somewhat appressed to stem. Raceme capitate or oblong, compact, tufted in bud due to long bracts; axis and pedicels pilose. Bracts acuminate, linear, pilose; lower bracts 3 times as long as calyx, often separated from upper. Pedicels 1 mm long or flowers subsessile. Calyx with 5 unequal, pointed, linear lobes—one 5 mm long, two 4 mm long and one 1.5 mm long; calyx pubescent throughout with long, white, sinuate, non-articulate hairs. Corolla blue, 6-7 mm 492 433 long, almost 1/2 united into 1.5—2 mm broad tube, glabrous in throat; limb with 4 unequal, acute lobes; 1 lobe orbicular-ovate, 2—2.5(3) mm broad, sometimes emarginate, 2 oblong, 1.5—2 mm broad, and 1 lanceolate, about 1 mm broad. Stamens included, inserted in throat; anthers ovoid, subacute, about 1 mm long. Style 2-3 mm long, included. Capsule ovoid, about 3.5 mm long, about 2 mm broad, slightly tapering above, subacute, sparsely hairy. Seeds ovoid, about 1 mm long, 0.5 mm broad, obtuse above, acute at base, slightly angular, 6 in locule. Flowering June to July. Fruiting August. On grassy slopes in alpine zone.—Soviet Central Asia: Pamiro-Alai (Alai and Trans-Alai ranges), Tien Shan (Susamyr Range). Endemic. De- scribed from Trans-Alai Range. Type in Leningrad. Note. Similar to V. gorbunovii Gontsch., from which it is distin- guished by the narrow, long-acuminate, hairy leaves, broad at base; the bracts exceeding the flowers; the calyx with linear lobes; the corolla with 2-3 mm long tube and acute lobes; and by the capsules. It is distinguished from V. ciliata by the shape and length of leaves, bracts, and pedicels; the shape of the calyx lobes; the capsules; and by the length of the style. Subgenus II. PAEDEROTELLA (Wulff) Boriss. comb. nov.—Section Paederotella Wulff in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, XV (1915) 68; Vestn. Tifl. bot. sada, 28, 1, nomen;—Sect. Paederota Wettst. in Pflanzenfam. IV, 3b (1895) 85.—Genus Paederotella (Wulff) Kem.-Nath. in Fl. Gruz. Akad. Nauk VII (1952) 341; Zam po sist. i geogr. rast. Akad. Nauk GruzSSR, 17 (1953) 21.—Flowers solitary in axils of cauline leaves. Pedicels 10—15 mm long. Calyx 5-partite almost to base. Corolla campanulate-tubular, 4-partite almost up to base, without hairy ring inside, yellow, with very short broad tube. Stamens not hairy near insertion place. Capsule hard, mot compressed, acute, laterally inflated, dehiscing by valves. Seeds minute, plano-convex. Leaves opposite, lower scalelike, brown. Perennial bushy plants with ex- tremely woody rootstock. 136. V. ruprechtii Lipsky, Fl. Kavk. Dopoln. I (1902) 73.—Paederota pontica Rupr. ex Boiss. Fl. or. IV (1879) 434.—V. pontica (Rupr.) Wettst. in Pflanzenfam. IV, 3b (1895) 85, non velenovsky, nec Hausskn. ex Bornm. in sched; Wulff in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, XV, 68; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 382; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 431.—Paederotella pontica (Rupr.) Kem.-Nath. in Zam. po sist. i geogr. rast. Akad. Nauk GruzSSR, 17 (1953) 22.—Ic.: Vestn. Tifl. bot. sada, 28. fig. 1; Fl. Gruz. VII, fig. 344.—Exs.: GRF, No. 1032. Perennial. Rootstock reduced, woody. Plant 10-30 cm tall, glabrous or puberulent. Stem simple or branched, slender, hard, cylindrical, glabrous or crispate-puberulent, with yellowish brown scale leaves at base. Cauline leaves ovate to oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or acute, regularly crenate 493 434 in middle, with rounded base, short-petiolate. Flowers 9-13 mm long, solitary in axils of similar opposite cauline leaves, on pedicels almost equaling calyx, curved in fruit. Calyx lobes lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, obtuse or acute, curved in fruit. Corolla yellow, 2-3 times as long as calyx, incised almost to base, with broad, short tube and obovate, obtuse, erect lobes. Pistil with long style gradually narrowed toward base, exceeding corolla; stigma deeply emarginate, bipartite, cordate. Capsule 5—6 mm long, inflated, broadly ovoid, gradually tapering above, glabrous or sparsely pubescent. Seeds minute, plano-convex. May to June. In meadows, forest ravines, rock fissures, in subalpine and middle mountain zones.—Caucasus: western Transcaucasia, Endemic. Described from Adzharo-Imeretinsk Range. Type in Leningrad. Note. V. pontica var. glabra (Somm. and Lev.) Stroh [= Paederota pontica var. glabra Somm. and Lev. in Tr. Peterb. bot. sada, XTV (1900) 370] is recognized. 137. V. teberdensis (Kem.-Nath.) Boriss. comb. nov.—Paederotella teberdensis Kem.-Nath. in Zam. po sist. i geogr. rast. Akad. Nauk GruzSSR, 17 (1953) 22; Fl. Gruz. VII, 542.—Ic.: Fl. Gruz. VII, fig. 345. Perennial. Rootstock short, woody. Plant crispate-puberulent or glabrous, 10-30 cm tall, multicaulis. Stems slender, hard, cylindrical, sim- ple, rarely branched, with brown scale leaves at base. Cauline leaves oppo- site, glabrous or sparsely pubescent, slightly coriaceous, short-petiolate or subsessile, long tapering and acute, or lower leaves obtuse, oblong-ovate, or upper leaves lanceolate, regularly sharply dentate or entire. Flow- ers in axils of similar cauline leaves, solitary, 12-15 mm long. Pedicels slender, 10-12 mm long, almost equaling calyx lobes. Calyx lobes dissim- ilar, acuminate, glabrous or with ciliate margin, recurved in fruit. Corolla 12-15 mm long, incised almost up to base, with very short and broad tube, lobes almost similar, obovate, subacute. Stamens almost equaling corolla. Style exserted, stigma clavate, weakly emarginate, sharply transforming into style. Capsule short-ovoid, with inflated loculae, sharply tapering, pointed, about 4 mm long, 4-5 mm broad. Seeds minute, plano-convex, with distinct hilum. May to July. On rocks, shale and limestone outcrops, in wooded ravines, in sub- alpine and middle-mountain zones.—Caucasus: Ciscaucasia, western Transcaucasia (western part of Main Range). Endemic. Described from vicinity of Teberda. Type in Tbilisi. 138. V. daghestanica Trautv. in Tr. Peterburg. bot. sada, X (1887) 124; Wulff in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, XV, 70; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. II, 382; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 431. 435 Perennial. Plant caespitose, puberulent, with slender, branched, hy- 494 pogeal reduced stem. Year-old stems short, slender, erect or partially ascending, simple, up to 6 cm tall, with scale leaves at base. Leaves with 1 mm long petioles, lamina broadly ovate, up to 1 cm long, cuneate or rounded at base, acute, sparse unequaly dentate in middle; floral-leaves smaller, oblong-lanceolate, entire. Flowers 1-5, solitary in axils of up- per floral leaves, pedicels erect, lower upto 1.5 cm long, 2-3 times as long as leaves and calyx in fruit. Calyx up to 5 mm long, 5-partite, glandular-pubescent, with acute lobes. Corolla with 5 lobes, 4 subequal and oblong, Sth linear, 1/2 as long as others. Capsule erect, orbicular- ovoid, slightly laterally compressed, glandular-pubescent, slightly shorter than calyx, acute, entire, 2-lobed, with ovoid lobes, dehiscing by 4 teeth at tip; style 10-11 mm long. Seeds suborbicular or elliptical, plano-convex, compressed, with small hilum at base. Flowering July. Fruiting August. In rock fissures——Caucasus: Dagestan. Endemic. Described from Dagestan. Type in Leningrad. Subgenus III. VERONICASTRUM (Heister) Boriss. comb. nov.—Genus Veronicastrum Heister ex Febr. Enum. meth. pl. Hort. Helmstad (1759) 111.—Genus Leptandra (Nutt.) Gen. N. Amer. I (1817) 7.—Section Leptandra (Nutt.) Benth. in DC. Prodr. X (1846) 463; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 242 (subsect.); Pflanzenfam. IV, 3b, 85 —Flowers sessile or short-pedicellate, crowded in terminal, sin- gle, rarely divaricate, spicate racemes. Calyx often 5-partite. Corolla tube much exceeding calyx and limb; lobes erect or slightly deflected. Capsules emarginate, slightly laterally compressed or not, loculicidal, valves adnate with placental column. Seeds ovoid, not compressed, asperate. Leaves in whorl of 3-9, opposite or alternate. Perennial, tall herbs. Species of North America and Eastern Siberia. Series 1. Tubiflorae Boriss—Leaves alternate, linear, 3-7 cm long, 2-5 mm broad. 139. V. tubiflora Fisch. and Mey, Ind. sem. hort. Petrop. II (1835) 53; Turcz. Fl. baic.-dah. II, 338; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 464; Ldb. Fl. Ross. Ill, 229; Pflanzenfam. IV, 3b. 85; Kom. and Allis. Opred. rast. Dalnevost. kr. II, 920; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 432.—V. longiflora Roem. and Schult. Syst. veg. I (1817) 95; C. Koch, Monogr. Veron. 36:—Paederota angustifolia Turcz. ex Bess. in Flora, XVII (1834) I; Beibl. 21—P. tubiflora Walpers in Ann. Bot. syst. 3 (1848-53) 370.—Leptandra meyeri G. Don, Gen. pl. 4 (1831-1838) 579.—L. angustifolia Lehm. Del. Sem. Hamb. (1839); Linnaea XIV (1840) 130.—Leptandra tubiflora Fisch. and Mey. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. II, V (1836) 301; Airy-Shaw in Bot. Mag. Lond. CLXII sub tab. 9780.—Exs.: GRF, No. 3474. 496 436 Perennial. Stem 40—60 cm tall, erect, hard, finely sulcate. Leaves often alternate, sessile, linear, 3—7 cm long; 2—5 mm broad, acute, cunate at base, regularly, sharply serrulate, glabrous (var. Linneaea Kom.) or velutinous beneath with short curved hairs (var. velutina Kom.). Inflorescence spicate, terminal, single, 5—15 cm long, about 1.5 cm broad. Bracts filiform or lin- ear, acuminute, exceeding corolla. Pedicels about 1 mm long, upto 2 mm in fruit, sparsely pubescent. Calyx about 2 mm long, parted almost up to base into 5 ovate, sub-equal, acute lobes. Corolla, blue, about 7 mm long, tube long much exceeding limb and calyx; limb about 2 mm long, with 4 erect, oblong lobes. Stamens exserted almost by 2 mm. Capsule ovoid, about 2—2.5 mm long, acute, bilocular, dehiscing by 4 teeth; style exceed- ing stamens, persistent in fruit. Seeds about 0.5 mm long, 0.3 mm broad, ovate, obtuse, with asperate surface. June to July (Plate XXIII. fig. 1). In flood-plain meadows, among shrubs, on banks of lakes and rivers. Eastern Siberia: Dauria; Soviet Far East: Zeya-Bureya, Ussuri. General distribution: China (Manchuria). Described from Trans-Baikal Region. Type in Leningrad. Series 2. Sibiricae Boriss—Leaves opposite or in whorls of 3-9, oblong-lanceolate to broadly ovate, 4-20 cm long, 2-4 cm broad. In addition to species described below, this series includes the Amer- ican species V. virginica Forbs and Hemsl. 140. V. sibirica L. Sp. pl. (1762) 12; Benth in DC. Prodr. X. 464; Ldb. Fl. Ross, III, 229; Kom. and Alis Opred. rast. Dalnevost. kr. II, 920; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 432.—V. sibirica Gmel. ex Koch, Monogr. Veron. (1833) 36.—V. japonica Sieb. and Zucc. in Steud. Nomencl. 2 (1843) 143, p.p.—V. virginica auct. non L.; Wettst. in Pflanzenfam. IV, 3b. (1895) 85, p.p.; Sugawara, Illustr. Fl. Saghal. 276, p.p.;—V. virginica var. sibirica (L.) Nakai in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVI (1912) 170.—Paederota sibirica Walpers, Repert. bot. III (1844-1845) 365.—Leptandra sibirica (L.) Nutall ex G. Don, Gen. syst. [IV (1837) 579.—Calistachya sibirica Rafin. in Med. Repos. V (1808) 60, p.p—Eustachya coerulea Rafin. in Ann. Gen. Sc. Phys. VI (1820) 97.—Veronicastrum sibiricum (L.) Hara in Journ. Jap. Bot. XVI (1940) 159.—Ic.: Kom. and Alis. I.c. Plate 275.—Exs.: GRF, No. 1128. Perennial. Stem 40-150 cm tall, stout, cylindrical, sulcate, glabrous or pubescent. Leaves in whorls of 3-9, oblong-lanceolate or oblong, 4-12 cm long, 2-4 cm broad, acuminate, narrowly cuneate at base, sessile patently sharply serrate, glabrous or sparsely puberulent. Flowers sessile or subsessile, numerous, crowded in terminal, spicate, up to 30 cm long inflorescence; inflorescence often single, sometimes a few together. Bracts linear, pointed, exceeding calyx. Calyx about 4 mm long, with 5 unequal—2 linear and 3 lanceolate-linear—lobes, ciliate along margin. 499 437 Corolla 7-8 mm long, violet, rarely pink or white, tube pilose inside, much exceeding limb and calyx, 5-veined; limb with 4 unequal lobes, the broadest orbicular, about 2 mm long rest narrower; all lobes pilose inside. Stamens erect, about 12 mm long; filaments pilose in lower part; anthers bilocular, about 1 mm long, oblong. Capsule ovoid or oblong, tapering above, subobtuse, bilocular, 2.5-3 mm long; style filiform, about 5 mm long, 1.5-2 times as long as capsule. Seeds about 0.3 mm long, 0.25 mm broad, ovate, finely sulcate. Flowering from June to July. Fruiting August to September (Plate XXIII, fig. 2). In floodplain and mountain meadows, among scrub, in broad-leaved forests —Eastern Siberia: Angara-Sayan, Dauria; Soviet Far East: Zeya- Bureya, Uda Region, Ussuri, Endemic. Described from Siberia. Type in London. 141. V. sachalinensis Boriss. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, XVII (1955).—V. virginica var sibirica Nakai ex Honda, Nom. PI. Jap. (1939) 312, p.p., Sugawara, Illustr. Fl. Saghal. IV, 1633, p.p.—lc.: Sugawara, l.c. tab. 748. Perennial. Stem erect, stout, glabrous or pubescent, sulcate. Plant blackening when dry. Leaves sessile, in whorls of 5-9, lanceolate, acumi- nate, 10-20 cm long, 2—3(4) cm broad, cuneate, sharply serrulate with upcurved serrations, glabrous above, pubescent beneath or with scattered erect hairs or glabrous. Flowers numerous, in terminal spicate 15-40 cm long inflorescence. Pedicels about 1 mm long. Bracts broadened at base, linear, long tapering. Calyx about 3.5 mm long with 5 unequal, linear, acuminate, glabrous lobes. Corolla 6 mm long, 4 unequal, 1 mm long lobes, united for considerable part, glabrous or with scattered hairs inside, mainly at tube base; broadest lobe ovate, about 1-1.5 mm broad, 2 mm long. Stamens about 10 mm long, with glabrous filaments, sometimes with isolated hairs at base. Capsule bilocular, orbicular or ovate, obtuse, 2-3 mm long, 2-2.5 mm broad, dehiscing by 4 teeth; style about 10 mm long, filiform. Seeds about 0.75 mm long, 0.3 mm broad, ovate, obtuse, sulcate-tuberculate. Flowering July (Plate XXIII, fig. 3). Among scrub, in meadows.—Soviet Far East: Sakhalin. Described from Sakhalin Island. Type in Leningrad. Note. Distinguished from V. sibirica L. by the leaf margin with fine up-curved serrations; the smaller flowers, glabrous or subglabrous inside; the shape and pubescence of the corolla lobes; and the shape of the capsule. 142. V. cerasifolia Monjuschko in Bot. mat. Gerb. Glavn. bot. sada, V, f. 8-9 (1924) 121; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 432. Perennial. Rootstock woody, short. Plant subglabrous, 30-40 cm tall. Stem single, simple, subglabrous or with isolated simple hairs, with 8-12 internodes, woody at base. Leaves opposite, decussate or ternate, 438 Reem RO Ay ERA peer at RCSA eh eS S32 Ree On: Sac ee jn vont S Mf $. ont 3 cy rn ! VY 500 439 broadly ovate, 5-8 cm long, 3-4 cm broad, subsessile or sessile, acute, slightly elongated, broadly dentate along margin, sometimes almost double dentate, with short-pointed teeth, cuneate, glabrous or sparsely hairy on both surfaces, sparsely ciliate along margin, paler beneath, with prominent veins, somewhat rigid; upper and lower leaves reduced, lower shedding after anthesis. Raceme about 3 cm long. Pedicels about 1 mm long or flowers subsessile, glabrouslike inflorescence axis. Bracts linear-lanceolate or linear, almost equaling calyx or upper bracts, shorter, ovate, glabrous. Calyx 5-partite almost to base, lobes oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acumi- nate. Corolla sky-blue, almost 3 times as long as calyx, about 6 mm long; tube densely pilose inside, 2 times as long as limb; lobes obtuse, 1.75—2 mm long, erect. Stamens and style scarcely exserted; filaments densely pilose in lower half; anthers oblong, about 1 mm long. Ovary glabrous. Fruit not known. Flowering August. In dry loamy meadows.—Soviet Far East: Ussuri. Endemic. Described from basin of Lefu River. Type in Leningrad. Unclear and doubtful specific names 1. V. rupestris Tardent Ess. Hist. Nat. Bessar. (1841) 49; Schmalh. FI. II, 279; Stroh in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. LXI, 434——Reported from Bessar- abia. 2. V. gadensis Guld. It. I (1787) 426; Ldb. FI. Ross. III, 256.—Reported from eastern Transcaucasia. 3. V. heterophyllos Bober ex Georgi, Beschr. Russ. Beich. III, 4 (1775) 653.—Reported from Black Sea Region and Crimea. 4. V. multifida Georgi, It. I (1775) 195—Reported from Dauria. 5. V. multispicata Guld. It. II (1788) 32, 33——Reported from the foothills of the Caucasus. Genus 1342. LAGOTIS! 2 Gaertn. Gaertn. in Nov. Comment. Acad. Sc. Petrop. XIV (1770) 553—Gymnandra Pall. Reise, III (1776) 710. Flowers; bisexual, generally irregular. Calyx persistent, gamosepa- lous, tubular or galeate, membranous, 3—5-toothed or 3—5-partite, some- times cleft in front up to base, with 2—3 apical teeth on other side. Corolla ! Treatment by N.V. Vikulova; manuscript completed by B.K. Schischkin 2 From the Greek lagos—hare and ons (genitive otos)—ear. Named for resemblance of 2-partite calyx to ears of hare. Plate XXIII. Veronica tubiflora Fisch. and Mey., general appearance of plant, flower, capsule, seed—2. V. sibirica L., portion of plant, flower, capsule—3. VV. sachalinensis Boriss., capsule. 501 440 gamopetalous, with short or long cylindrical tube, sometimes longitudi- nally cleft, with 3-4(5) lobes, sometimes irregularly bilabiate; upper lip flat, rarely recurved, entire or sinuate at tip, or shallow-bilobed; lower lip incised up to base into 2—3 recurved lobes. Stamens 2; Anthers sessile in corolla throat at upper lip margin (at base) or on somewhat long fil- aments, adnate below with lip margin. Pistil with long or short filiform style, terminating into capitate stigma, sinuate along margin; ovary supe- rior, bilocular, sessile on cyathiform disc, latter growing into somewhat long appendage, adhering to ovary. Fruit bilocular, 2-seeded, oblong cap- sule, enclosed in dried up calyx and corolla, containing 2 seeds, one of them generally underdeveloped. Perennials, with obliquely ascending or almost horizontal rootstock, with partially ascending or erect stems, or plant acaulescent with entire or dentate leaves and spicate inflorescence, with flowers sessile in axils of membranous or herbaceous bracts: This genus includes about 15 species, with the almost circumpolar distribution in the Arctic Region, and also in the Urals, the mountains of Siberia, Central Asia, Transcaucasia, and Asia Minor, and the Himalaya Mountains. 1. Plant acaulescent or with short leafless stem, often with aerial shoots absent; leaves lanceolate or linear, 2-20 mm broad. Bracts lanceolate Ae Senne AERA i Tins See. Seem) AI ol bS ons DD, + Plant with branched leafy stem; aerial shoots absent; basal leaves ovate, rarely lanceolate, 1.5—8 cm broad; bracts ovate or orbicular, often pale SKVNDIWG 2 CRA ee. coh s Sac os ae Seis ole Bish oie aac clog ol eee 3. 2. Shoots, if present, short, not exceeding 10 cm, leaves 0.2-0.8 cm broad (Soviet CentralPAsia): ">. seo yee ee ek atte s cee os ee ee 5 ee ee, Se 7. L. korolkowii (Rgl. and Schmalh.) Maxim. + Shoots always present, reaching 10-30 cm; leaves linear or narrowly lanceolate, 0:5—2 cm broad (Caucasus) 25.2:.-.226-45-4-- 4 ee Lb only aceite Skt bad hag Misia. cat Dar 8. L. stolonifera (C. Koch) Maxim. 3. Stem ascending or sprawling, basal leaves 5-10 (Pamiro-Alai, Tien Shan)e. .Aastateren:,. 2 vis ele: Ag, ABE eRe Leer 4. + Stem erect, sometimes only partially ascending or flexuous, basal leaves 13) atone sacs. eit thakss PAediine. ued. path Sash Seb mee 5. 4. Radical leaves on long petioles equaling lamina or several times longer; lamina ovate, 2.5-6 cm long, 1.5—-3 cm broad, abruptly narrowed at base, with coarsely (sometimes incised) dentate margin ............. seat er ema apne ND RNA en cs ER 8 5. L. decumbens Rupr. + Radical leaves with petioles shorter than lamina; lamina lanceolate, gradually narrowed into petiole, 5-12 cm long, 0.5—3 cm broad, entire or somewhat regularly dentate ........... 6. L. ikonnikowii Schischk. 5. Corolla 11-14 mm long, upper lip and lobes of lower lip 4.5—-7 mm TON eer cn eee eee ee cee 1. L. integrifolia (Willd.) Schischk. 502 44] + Corolla 8-9 mm long, upper lip and lobes of lower lip 2.5-3.5 mm Ones SSR OP PRT Block totes). (OLSEN. SUOLE RHO TION. 5 SEE 6. 6. Anthers with 2-4 mm long filaments, generally exceeding upper corolla lips style long yexsented! (Arctic: Region) Wevijs. 2 Daal. eee, Leen We Soe tne Me ans doe! epee Shs eyh UAE). oe 4. L. minor (Willd.) Standl. . + Anthers sessile or with very short filaments, not exceeding 1 mm, shorter than upper corolla lip; style generally short, not exserted ...7. 7. Corolla dull white; lamina of radical leaves short-narrowed toward base “ote orn CAN RIE ae BEC Ye Ser REL MATES CANE ee A 2. L. uralensis Schischk. + Corolla sky-blue; lamina of radical leaves often cordate at base (Soviet | SEY ee] SEAN) Mee ates ARC OMe Om Lie Or mea pun at ce ot co, SARA 3. L. glauca Gaertn. Section 1. Caulescentes Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Sc. Pétersb. XVII (1872) 522.—Plant with developed erect or partially ascending stem. Root- stock oblique, elongated, producing underground shoots, neck covered with broadened petiole bases of dead leaves, not splitting up into fibers. Stem leafy, leaves elliptical or ovate, dentate or entire. Bracts broad, ob- tuse, scarious along margin or entirely membranous, equaling calyx. 1. L. integrifolia (Willd.) Schischk. comb. nov.—L. altaica (Willd.) Smirn. in Izv. Mosk. Obsch. ispyt. prir. XLVI, 2 (1937) 97; Kryl. FI. Zap. Sib. X, 2463.—L. pallasii (Cham. and Schlecht.) Rupr. Sertum tian- sch. (1869) 64.—L. glauca ssp. borealis var. pallasii Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Sc. Pétersb. XXVII (1881) 522, p.p. —L. glauca var. pallasii Kryl. Fl. Alt. [IV (1907) 999. —Gymnandra borealis Pall. Reise, III (1776) 710, p.p.; Turcz. Fl. baic.-dah. Il, 388.—G. integrifolia Willd. in Ges. Nat. Fr. Berl. Mag. V (1811) 392.—G. altaica Willd. 1.c. 393; Bge. in Ldb. FI. alt. II, 420.—G. elongata Willd. 1.c. 395. G. pallasi Cham. and Schlecht. in Linnaea, II (1827) 564, ex parte; Ldb. FI. Ross. III, 332, ex parte—G. longiflora Kar. and Kir. in Bull. Soc. Mosc. XV (1842) 417.—G. borealis var. pallasii Trautv. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. No. 4 (1866) 445.—Bartsia gymnandra L. fil. Suppl. (1781) 278, ex parte.—Ic.: Willd. I.c. tab. IX, f. 1 (sub G. integrifolia); tab. IX, f. 2 (sub G. altaica); tab. X, f. 7 (sub G. elongata); Printz. Veg. Sibir.-Mong. Front. 394.—Exs.: Smirn. Pl. alt. exs. No. 76. Perennial. Plant glabrous throughout. Rootstock obliquely ascend- ing or horizontal. Stem erect or sometimes ascending at base, simple, 10-40 cm tall. Basal leaves with petioles almost equaling ing lamina; lam- ina ovate or elliptical, somewhat thick, mucronate, rarely obtuse, cuneate at base, obscurely dentate rarely subentire, 3-15 cm long, 2—8 cm broad; cauline leaves smaller, sessile, obscurely dentate or entire. Inflorescence terminal, spicate; flowers sessile is bract axils. Bracts of lower flowers sim- ilar to upper cauline leaves, often dentate; bracts of upper flowers smaller, often pale sky-blue. Calyx tubular, semitransparent, cleft in front, with 503 442 2 laterally passing, green, branched veins, with 2 short, subobtuse teeth above, short-ciliate along margin. Corolla 11-14 mm long, dull white, often blackening when dry, 2—3 times as long as calyx; tube cylindrical, curved below middle almost at right angle; limb 4—5 mm long, upper lip oblong-elliptical or ovate, up to 2 mm broad, with 2 veins, entire or with 2-3 short teeth at tip, rarely bilobed, lower lip with 2-3 oblong- linear or linear lobes, about 1 mm broad. Anthers blue, subsessile or with 0.5 mm long filaments, not exserted. Style equaling, shorter or slightly longer than corolla tube; appendage of hypogynous disc fleshy, ribbed on inner side, slightly shorter than ovary, almost 4-angled, slightly sinuate above. Capsule oblong, 5—6 mm long, longitudinally rugose. June to July (Plate XXIV, fig. 3). In alpine zone in moss-lichen and rubbly tundra, on stony debris, rocks, on banks of rivulets near melting snow.—Western Siberia: Al- tai Mountains; Eastern Siberia: Angara-Sayan, Dauria; Soviet Central Asia: Dzh.-Tarbagatai, Tien Shan. General Distribution: Mongolia, Dzh.- Kashgar. Described from Siberia. Type in Berlin. Note. Willdenow, in his well-known study of the genus Gymnandra (I.c.), paid special attention to the vegetative parts of this genus and, with the inadequate material available to him, differentiated a series of species by leaf structure. On the basis of further material collected by later authors, many of Willdenow’s species were reduced to synonyms. For the plant growing in the Altai Mountains, in the mountains of Central Siberia and Central Asia, the name Lagotis altaica (Willd.) P. Smirn has been adopted in recent times. Meanwhile, according to the international rules of nomenclature, it becomes necessary to select the first in sequence of the three names given by Willdenow to the same species. The order of description and arrangement of the figures are as follows: G. integrifolia p. 392 (tab. 9, f. 1), G. altaica p. 393 (tab. 9, f. 2). G. elongata p. 395 (tab. X, f. 7). The epithet integrifolia precedes the epithets altaica and elongata. This corresponds with the order of publication of the plates. From these three epithets, we must return the first, 1.e., integrifolia. It was not possible for us to restore the earlier name of Pallas (Gym- nandra borealis), since it is clear from the author’s description that he | combined 3 species: L. Glauca Gaertn., L. integrifolia (Willd.) Schischk. and L. minor (Willd.) Stand]. The epithet of Pallas is a ‘nomen confusum’ and cannot be used. The prior name Bartsia gymnandra L. fil. (1781), also cannot be used, since several species were combined under it. 2. L. uralensis Schischk. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR XVII (1955).—V. glauca Korsh. Tentam. florae Rossiae orientalis, 504 443 312 (1895) non Gaertn.—? L. borealis (Pall.) Baill. ex Fedtsch. and Fler. Fl. Evrop. Ross. III (1911) 868. Perennial. Rootstock vertical, short, sparsely branched. Stem erect, simple, 15-40 cm tall. Basal leaves (1)2-3, petioles longer or slightly shorter than lamina; lamina narrowly or broadly ovate, 4-16 cm-long, 2-8 cm broad, obtuse or acute, crenate-dentate, sometimes subentire, grad- ually or abruptly narrowed at base; cauline leaves generally opposite in 2-4 pairs, rarely alternate, concentrated mainly in upper half of stem, sessile, semiamplexicaul, ovate of deltoid-ovate, 1-5 cm long, 1—3.5 cm broad, entire or obscurely dentate, acute. Inflorescence oblong at flowering stage, 2-5 cm long, 1—1.5 cm broad, later elongated up to 10 cm; flowers sessile in bract axils. Bracts of lower flowers similar to upper cauline leaves, upper smaller, with scarious margin. Calyx tubular, cleft in front. Corolla 9 mm long, dull white, tube cylindrical, curved almost at right angle below middle, upper lip sinuate above, lower generally bilobed. Stamens inserted in corolla throat, filaments short, 0.5—1 mm long. Capsule oblong, 6-7 mm long, 2 mm broad. Flowering June to July. Fruiting July to August. In moss-lichen and mossy mountain tundras, in deciduous mountain forests, in cloudberry-sphagum marshes. European USSR: Ural Moun- tains (central and southern parts: on Denezhkin, Kosvinsk, Konzhakovsk and other ranges, in Iremel Mountains). Endemic. Described from Konzhakovsk Range. Type in Leningrad. 3. L. glauca Gaertn. in Nov. Comment. Acad. Sc. Petrop. XIV (1770) 534, ex parte (pl. Stellerana exclus.); Hult. Fl. Kamtch. IV, 102.—L. gmelini Rupr. Sertum tiansch. (1869) 64; Kom. Fl. Kamch. III, 71.—L. glauca ssp. borealis var. gmelini Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Sc. Pétersb. XXVII (1881) 524.—L. reniformis Standl. in Bull. Filad. Mus. nat. hist. Chicago Bot. Soc. VIII (1931) 325.—Rhinanthus glauca Poir. Encycl. Suppl. I (1811) 309.—Gymnandra borealis Pall. Reise, III (1776) 711, quo ad pl. ex Kamtschatka—G. gmelini Cham. and Schlecht. in Lin- naea, II (1827) 561: DC. Prodr. XII, 25; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 332, pro max parte—G. ovata Willd. Ges. Nat. Fr. Berl. Mag. V (1811) 395.—G. reni- formis Willd. 1.c. 396.—Bartsia gymnandra L. fil. Suppl. (1781) 278, ex parte.—B. glauca Poir. ex Steud. Nomencl. ed. 2, I (1840) 189.—Ic.: Gaertn. I.c. tab. XVIII, f. 2; Willd. l.c. tab. X, f. 8 and tab. X, f. 9; Hult. l.c. 104 (flower). Perennial. Rootstock 0.7—8 cm long, 0.3—1 cm thick; neck covered with brown remnants of dead leaves. Stems 2-3, erect or ascending, 9-30 cm tall. Basal leaves 2-3 (rarely more), petioles nearly equaling lamina; lamina broadly ovate or oblong-ovate, short-pointed, coarsely cre- nate, 3-12 cm long 2-8 cm broad; cauline leaves ovate or orbicular, acute or obtuse, crenate, rarely entire, sessile. Inflorescence ovate or cylindrical, 505 444 2-9 cm long, 1.3—2.5 cm broad. Bracts pale sky-blue, membranous herba- ceous; lower bracts similar to upper leaves, sometimes dentate, upper bracts entire. Calyx tubular, cleft in front, with ciliate margin, slightly shorter than bracts. Corolla 2—3 times as long as calyx, sky-blue, 8-15 mm long, tube infundibuliform, curved below, 2—2.5 mm across above; limb 1/2 as long as tube; upper lip rectangular, entire above or with 2-3 short teeth, 2.5—3 mm long, 1.5—2 mm broad; lower lip bipartite, rarely 3-partite into obtuse or acute 2-3 mm long, 1—1.5 mm broad lobes (middle lobe narrower). Anthers blue, 1—-1.8 mm broad, filaments adnate with margin of upper lip, anthers as a result appearing as sessile in middle of lip; rarely filaments deflected from lip. Style exserted. Capsule 6 mm long, 2-5 mm broad. June to July. In moist meadows, grasslands, near springs and rivulets, in river val- leys, among debris, often up to alpine zone. Soviet Far East: Kamchatka (Beringian and Commander Islands), Sakhalin (Kuril Islands). General distribution: Aleutian Islands. Described from Kamchatka. Type lost? Note. The plant has a pleasant, delicate fragrance, similar to that of heliotrope. 4. L. minor (Willd.) Standl. in Publ. Field Mus. nat. hist. Chicago Bot. soc. VIII (1931) 325; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2464—L. stelleri Rupr. Fl. samojed. cisural. (1845) 49: Fedtsch. and Fler. Fl. Evrop. Ross. II, 868.—L. glabra var. stelleri Trautv. in Tr. Peterb. bot. sada, V (1877) 95.—L. glabra ssp. borealis var. stelleri Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Sc. Pétersb. XXVII (1881) 524——Gymnandra borealis Pall. Reise, III (1776) 561, quoad pl. inter Lenam and Oceanum.—G. minor Willd. in Ges. Nat. Fr. Berl. Mag. V (1811) 393.—G. dentata Willd. 1.c. 394.—G. gra- cilis |.c. 394.—G. stelleri Cham. and Schlecht. in Linnaea, II (1827) 563.—Bartsia gymnandra L. fil. Suppl. (1781) 278, quo ad pl. Ob infer. Perennial. Rootstock vertical or obliquely ascending. Stem single, simple, 10-30 cm tall, covered at base with numerous brownish remnants of leaf petioles. Basal leaves 2—3, rarely 4; petioles almost equaling lam- ina; lamina lanceolate to elliptical, acute, dentate or crenate, rarely, entire, 2-12 cm long, 0.6-3(9) cm broad; cauline leaves ovate, acute, obscurely dentate or entire, sessile. Inflorescence cylindrical or ovate, 1-8 cm long, 1—-1.8 cm broad. Bracts pale sky-blue, membranous-herbaceous, lower bracts similar to upper leaves, sometimes dentate, upper bracts entire. Calyx tubular, cleft in front, ciliate along margin, scarcely shorter than bracts. Corolla 1.5—2 times as long as calyx, bluish or whitish, 8-10 mm long, tube cylindrical, 2—2.5 mm broad, curved below, limb 1/2 as long as tube; upper lip suborbicular, entire above or slightly serrated, 2.5—3.5 mm long, 2—2.5 mm broad, lower lip bipartite, rarely 3-partite into acute or 506 509 445 obtuse lobes 2.5—3 mm long, 1.3—2 mm broad. Anthers blue, 1-1.6 mm broad; filaments diverging from upper lip, reaching its tip; style exserted. Capsule 6 mm long, 2.5 mm broad. July to August. In mossy, moss-lichen, open grass tundra, on slopes.—Arctic Re- gion: Arctic Europe (Bolshezemelskaya Tundra, Kanin Peninsula), No- vaya Zemlya, Arctic Siberia, Chukotka, Anadyr; Eastern Siberia: Yenisei (between the settlement of Khantaiskoya and Medvezhii Kamen Range), Lena-Kolyma; Soviet Far East: Okhotsk, Zeya-Bureya (upper reaches of Namuga River, Zeya River drainage). General distribution: Bering Strait. Described from Eastern Siberia. Type in Berlin. - Economic importance: L. minor (Willd.) Standl. is eaten by domes- tic animals. According to the data of V.B. Sochava (Use of Plants of Extreme North as Fodder Crop), Lagotis contains 2.67% albuminous ni- trogen, 3.63% raw fat. 5. L. decumbens Rupr. Sertum. tiansch. (1869) 64; G. Korzhinskii, Ocherki rast. Turkest. 96.—L. grigorjevi Krassn. in Bot. zap. II (1883) 19.—L. glauca ssp. australis Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Sc. Pétersb. XX VII (1881) 524, ex parte. . Perennial. Plant glabrous throughout. Rootstock reduced, about 6 mm thick, with numerous roots, with 1-3 ovate scales near neck, absent in young flowering samples. Stems 1—3, sprawling, 5—10(20) cm long, atten- uate at base, almost filiform, flexuous, ascending and leafy above. Basal leaves with long (6-7 mm) petioles; lamina 2.5-6 cm long, 1.5—3 cm broad, dull, ovate, obtuse, abruptly or gradually narrowed into petiole, coarsely incise-dentate along margin, lower teeth subacute; cauline leaves 3-4, much smaller than basal, ovate, acute, narrowed at base, obscurely dentate along margin, sessile or short-petiolate. Inflorescence spicate, dense, reduced at flowering stage, 2.5 cm long, 1—2 cm broad. Bracts pale sky-blue, broadly ovate, lower up to 1 cm long, almost 0.7-cm broad, sometimes incise-dentate along one side of margin. Calyx with 2 almost free lobes. Corolla sky-blie, about 1 cm long, about 0.7 mm across at throat; lower lip 3—4-partite into short (1.5—3 mm long) lobes; upper lip entire or sinuate. Stamens inserted at base of upper lip. Style included. Fruit not known. June to July (Plate XXIV, fig. 1). In alpine zone on moraine, along banks of rivulets, near glaciers, on stony and rubbly slopes and among debris up to 4800 m. So- viet Central Asia: Tien Shan, Pamiro-Alai. General distribution: Tibet (?). Described from Tien Shan, from Dzhamandaban Range. Type in Leningrad. 6. L. ikonnikovii Schischk. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR XVII (1955). 510 446 Perennial. Plant glabrous throughout. Rootstock vertical, with numer- ous roots. Stem ascending at base, simple, 7—30 cm tall. Basal leaves 5-10, petioles much shorter than or almost equaling lamina; lamina lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acute, gradually narrowed at base, entire or with a few, triangular, acute, regular teeth, (2.5)5—12 cm long, 0.8—3 cm broad; cauline leaves sessile, 1.5—4 cm long, 0.7—1.5 cm broad, short-pointed, entire or obscurely dentate. Inflorescence terminal, ovate or oblong, 2.5-6 cm long, 1.5—2 cm broad; flowers sessile in bract axils; bracts of lower flowers similar to upper cauline leaves, upper bracts smaller. Calyx tubular, cleft in front, with ciliate margin. Corolla 8-9 mm long, dull white, blackening when dry; tube cylindrical, curved almost at right angle below middle; limb 1/3-1/2 as long as tube; upper lip entire at tip or slightly sinuate, lower bipartite, with acute or obtuse lobes. Anthers blue. Style generally exserted. July to August (Plate XXIV, fig. 2). In alpine meadows, near melting snow, along banks of rivulets, on stony and rubbly damp slopes at 3000-4300 m.—Soviet Central Asia: Pamiro-Alai, Tien Shan. Described from Darvaz Range. Type in Leningrad. Section 2. Acaules Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Sc. Pétersb. XX VII (1881) 525.—Rootstock reduced, neck covered with fibrous remnants of dead leaves, often producing aerial shoots with regularly distributed scales, root- ing at tip. Stem (flower scape) leafless, shorter than leaves; leaves lance- olate or linear, pointed, generally entire, rarely dentate. Bracts narrow, foliaceous, generally equaling corolla. 7. L. korolkowii (Rgl. and Schmalh.) Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Sc. Pétersb. XXVII (1881) 522, 525—-Gymnandra korolkowii Rgl. and Schmalh. in Tr. Peterb. bot. sada, V (1877) 627—Exs.: Ed. Hort. bot. Petri Magni, No. 91. Perennial. Rootstock reduced, vertical or obliquely ascending, densely covered with brownish fibrous remnants of leaves with numerous, some- what thick roots. Stems single or 2—5, sometimes with short shoots trailing on ground having alternate, short 3-5 mm long, about 1 mm broad leaves; stems rooting above, forming leaf rosette. Radical leaves linear or lanceolate, 2-7 cm long, 2—6(8) mm broad, glabrous, entire or unequally dentate, acute, gradually narrowed toward base. Inflores- cence subcapitate, 0.8-2 cm long. Bracts lanceolate, acute, entire, rarely obscurely dentate, green, herbaceous. Calyx tubular, cleft in front, with ciliate margin. Tosa 3-4 times as long as calyx, sky-blue, 8-16 mm long; tube erect, broadened above, up to 2—2.5 mm across; limb 1/3—1/2 as long as tube; upper lip orbicular-obovate or orbicular, 3-5 mm long, 2.5—5 mm broad, entire or sinuate above; lower lip bipartite into broadly ovate lobes 3-5 mm long, 1.3 mm broad, rarely partly divided or entire. 51 —" 447 Anthers 1-1.5 mm broad, blue, on divergent filaments, reaching above middle of upper lip. Style exserted. Capsule (unripe) 5 mm long, 4 mm broad. July to August (Plate XXIV, fig. 4). In alpine meadows, on stony slopes near snow banks, up to 4500 m.— Soviet Central Asia: Tien Shan, Pamiro-Alai. Described from Aktachtau Range. Type in Leningrad. 8. L. stolonifera (C. Koch) Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Sc. Pétersb. XX VII (1881) 524; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III (1932) 394.—Gymnandra stolonifera C. Koch in Linnaea, XVII (1843) 289; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 333; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 527.—G. armena Boiss. Diagn. pl. or. I, 4 (1844) 75.—Ic.: Jaub. and Spach, Illustr. pl. or. tab. 254; Schmucker in Bot. Arch. IV, 228, f. 25 (flower). Perennial. Rootstock reduced, 1-3 cm long, 0.5-1 mm thick, neck covered with fibrous remnants of dead petioles, scapes 1-3, rarely more; aerial shoots funiform, reaching 10-30 cm, with scattered, reduced up to 1 cm long, leaves, rooting near apex and forming rosette. Leaves numer- ous, exceeding scapes, petiolate; lamina longer than petiole, lanceolate, acute, dentate, entire only near tip and base or wholly entire, 3-12 cm long, 0.5—2 cm broad. Inflorescence ovate or subcapitate, up to 1.8 cm long, 0.8-2 cm broad. Bracts lanceolate, acute, entire, rarely obscurely dentate, herbaceous. Calyx tubular, cleft in front, ciliate along margin. Corolla 3-4 times as long as calyx, sky-blue, 10-19 mm long, tube erect, broadened above, up to 2-2.5 mm across, limb 1/3-1/2 as long as tube; upper lip orbicular-obovate or orbicular, entire or sinuate above, 4-5 mm long, 4-5 mm broad; lower lip bipartite into broadly ovate 4-5 mm long, 2-3 mm broad lobes, rarely partially divided or entire. Anthers 1-1.5 mm broad, blue, on divergent filaments, reaching the tip of upper lip. Style generally exserted. Capsule not known. April to May. In alkaline meadows, on grassy and stony slopes, nearroads upto2100m. Caucasus: eastern and southern Transcaucasia. General distribution: Asia Minor, Armenia-Kurdistan, Iran. Described fromeastern Transcaucasia. Type in Berlin. Genus 1343. NATHALIELLA" 2 B. Fedtsch. In Bot. Zhurn. SSSR, XVII, 3 (1932) 327. Calyx inserted with short tube, 5-lobed. Corolla with cylindrical tube, broadened at mouth, obscurely bilabiate, upper lip slightly shorter than lower, bilobed, lower 3-lobed. Stamens 4, in lower part of tube, reaching 1/2 its length; 2 uper stamens slightly shorter than lower, anther chambers ! Treatment by B.K. Schischkin. 2 Named after the collector. 448 512 449 divergent at base. Ovary glabrous, bilocular, many seeded; style filiform, flat and broadened above. Capsule bilocular. Perennial acaulescent plant with rosette of radical entire leaves. Monotypic genus, growing in Kirgizia on Alai Range. 1. N. alaica B. Fedtsch. in Bot. zhurn. SSSR, XVII, 3 (1932) 327.—Oreosolen alaicus (B. Fedtsch.) Pavl. in Vestn. Akad. Nauk KazSSR, No. 5 (1953) 113.—Ic.: B. Fedtsch. l.c. 328. Perennial. Plant acaulescent, with thick vertical root. Root neck densely covered with dead remnants of leaves and white bristly fibers. All leaves radical, entire and smooth-edged, lamina broadly ovate, 1-1.8 cm long, 0.5—1.2 cm broad, subobtuse, abruptly narrowed at base; petiole nearly as long as lamina, short-ciliate along margin. Flowers solitary, on very short pedicels. Calyx about 5 mm long, with 5 short, obtuse teeth, pilulose. Corolla pinkish violet, obscurely bilabiate, 15 mm long; tube cylindrical, slightly broadened near throat; limb 5-lobed. Stamens with slender, glabrous filaments. Ovary glabrous; style filiform, stigma flat, broadened. June. On stony slopes and rocks—Soviet Central Asia: Pamiro-Alai (Alai Range, Kutban-Kul Lake, Isfairam River). Endemic. Described from Alai Range, from vicinity of Kutban-Kul Lake. Type in Leningrad. Note. N.V. Pavlov (l.c.) considers it more correct to combine the genus Nathaliella B. Fedtsch. with Oreosolen Hook., known from the Sikkim Himalayas. However, the following distinctive features speak against unit- ing them. In Nathaliella, the filaments are inserted on the lower part of the corolla tube and the anthers are in the middle of the tube, while in Oreosolen, the filaments are inserted near the mouth ef the corolla and the anthers are exserted from the corolla tube; the style in Nathaliella is short and included in the corolla tube, while in Oreosolen, the style is exserted from the tube; the stigma in Nathaliella is flat and broadened, while in Oreosolen, it is capitate; staminodes are absent in Nathaliella, while Oreosolen has a subulate staminode; the corolla in the species of Oreosolen is distinctly bilabiate, in Nathaliella it is almost regular. All these distinctive features in the structure of the floral parts undoubtedly are of significance at the generic rathar than specific level. Plate XXIV. 1. Lagotis decumbens Rupr., general appearance of plant, flower—2. L. ikonnikovii Schis- chk., flower. —3. L. integrifolia (Willd.) Schischk., flower. —4. L. korolkowii (Rgl. and Schmalh.) Maxim., flower. 513 450 Genus 1344. SPIROSTEGIA" 2 Ivanina in Addenda XXI, 818. Calyx oblong-ovate, with 5 broadly lanceolate teeth. Corolla persis- tent, yellow, large, infundibuliform, with short 5-lobed limb, subequal orbicular lobes and hairy ring inside in place of filament insertion. Sta- mens 4, much shorter than corolla; filaments densely pilose in lower part; anthers bilocular, chambers oblong-ovate, confluent at base; pollen grains compressed-globose, 18-19 yz long upto polar axis, trisulcate-triporate and tetrasulcate-tetraporate, with obscurely fine-reticulate exine texture. Ovary distinctly bilocular with axile placentation, with numerous ovules, ovoid, with long style and short, broad, bilobed stigma. Capsule bilocular, dehisc- ing by rupture along valves, completely enclosed by calyx. Seeds minute, about 1.2 mm long, oblong-lanceolate, slightly spirally curved, longitudi- nally rugose. Leaves alternate, orbicular or oblong-ovate, serrate-dentate. Flowers with 2 bracteoles, solitary in leaf axils, distributed throughout stem. Biennials or perennials, densely pubescent herbs with single or sev- eral stems and rosette of radical leaves. Monotypic genus: Type of genus: G. bucharica (B. Fedtsch.) Ivanina. Note. The sole species of this genus was referred earlier by B.A. Fedtschenko to the genus Trianophora Solered., distributed in China (Hubei and Sichuan provinces). We are suggesting it into the separate genus Spirostegia, which differs from Triaenophora by the 5-toothed (and not 15-toothed) calyx, small (about 1.2 mm long), spirally curved, longi- tudinally rugose (and not minute—about 0.3 mm long—reticulate) seeds, presence of a hairy ring inside the corolla at the base of the stamen fila- ments and other features. Spirostegia is similar also in flower structure to Rehmannia Libosch. ex. Fisch., and Mey. (China and Korea), as signed by De Candolle and Solereder to the family Gesneriaceae. However, Spiroste- gia is well distinguished from Rehmannia by the over-all morphology (dis- tribution of flowers along stem, etc.) and especially by the seeds (which are round, coarsely pitted and with membranous cell walls in the species of Rehmannia), by the structure of the ovary (in Rehmannia, the ovary is unilocular in the upper part with a parietal placenta, and bilocular with ax- ile placentation in the lower part), the absence of secretory cells with red carotenoid pigment, which are present in species of genus Rehmannia, etc. 1. S. bucharica (S. Fedtsch.) Ivanina comb. nov.—Triaenophora bucharica B. Fedtsch. in Fedde, Repert. XII (1913) 538; B. Fedtsch. Rast. . Turkest. 696; O. and B. Fedtsch. Perech. rast. Turkest. 6, 350; Nevski in ! Treatment by L.I. Ivanina. 2 From the Greek spiros—spiral and stega—covering (referring to form of seed surface). 514 451 Tr. Bot. inst. ser 1, 4, 321; B. Fedtsch. in Fl. Turkm. VI, 279.—Ic.: FI. Turkm. VI, Plate. XXXVI—Exs.: Ed. H.B.P. No. 92. Biennial or perennial. Rootstock brown, cylindrical, flexuous, thick- ened at base, producing several stems. Stem 15-40 cm tall, somewhat arcuate, ascending, tomentose in lower part, densely pilose in upper parts. Rosette leaves (1st year) ovate, petiolate, 2-7 cm long, 2-6 cm broad, with distinct reticulate venation, irregularly serrate, similar to cauline leaves, covered with multicellular, generally short (with multicellular head) glan- dular hairs; cauline leaves orbicular, 14 cm long, serrate-dentate, ses- sile or narrowed into short petiole. Flowers solitary in leaf axils almost throughout stem, sessile or on short pedicels, erect in bud, nodding later. Bracteoles 2, ovate-lanceolate, up to 8 mm long. Calyx, oblong-ovate, 12-16 mm long 7-10 mm broad, with 10 prominent veins, 5-toothed, teeth 2-4 mm long, acute, densely pilose along margin and veins. Corolla yel- low, 2.5-3.5 cm long, infundibuliform, with 5-lobed limb; lobes 4-6 mm long, subequal, lower lobe slightly superior; corolla scattered hairy outside in upper part, pilose on lower part, except its glabrous lowermost tubular part; corolla pilose inside in lower part, otherwise glabrous or scattered hairy. Filaments slender, diverging from upper margin of lower tubular part of corolla, slightly arcuate-curved, scattered hairy, densely covered at base with hispid hairs (generally forming hairy ring). Ovary ovoid, acute, glabrous; style glabrous; stigma with equal triangular lobes. Cap- sule oblong-ovoid, acute, 8-14 mm long, 5—8 mm broad, dehiscing along valves, completely enclosed within calyx. Seeds minute, 1—-1.4 mm long, 0.3-0.4 mm broad, brown, oblong-lanceolate, narrowed at ends, slightly spirally curved with longitudinal raphe, with hilum at lower end; seed sur- face covered with numerous, shallow, longitudinal pits. July to September (Plate XXV). On dry slopes of foothills on porous gypsum outcrops. Soviet Central Asia: Pamiro-Alai (western part). Endemic. Described from Uzbekistan (near Derbent). Type in Leningrad. Genus 1345. DIGITALIS! 2 L L. Sp. pl. (1753) 621. Flowers in terminal unilateral or multilateral racemes. Calyx cam- panulate, 5-partite almost to base, persistent in fruit, upper (posterior) lobes slightly shorter than lower (anterior), ovate or lanceolate, generally hairy or ciliate, sometimes scarious along margin. Corolla slightly irreg- ular, campanulate or inflated, bilabiate at margin; upper lip shorter than 1 Treatment by L.I. Ivanina. 2 From the Latin digitus—finger or thimble; named for the corolla shape. 452 Plate XXV. Spirostegia bucharica (B. Fedtech.) Ivanina, general appearance of plant, corolla section, transverse section of ovary, pistil, seed, fruiting calyx, capsule. 517 453 lower, bilobed, lower 3-lobed, middle lobe exceeding short, indistinct lat- eral lobes. Stamens 4, inserted in lower part of corolla, 2 upper stamens shorter than lower; anthers bilocular, confluent, pollen grain globose or deltoid-globose, 18-25 y long at polar axis, trisulcate, exine granular or pitted; pistil with long style and short bilobed stigma. Capsule ovoid or oblong-ovoid with short beak, bilocular, septicidal. Seeds very minute, numerous, yellow or light brown, quadrangular- prismatic or ovate- pitted, embryo cylindrical. Perennial herbs (shrubs and semishrubs in western Mediterranean Region) with tall, erect, simple stem, with alternate, entire, oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, acute leaves, gradually transforming into floral leaves. This genus includes 36 species, distributed over the Northern Hemi- sphere, mainly in the Mediterranean Region. The USSR has 6 species. Economic importance: All species of this genus are poisonous plants containing compound glucosides, having severe effect on heart. 1. Raceme unilateral; corolla campanulate; middle lobe of lower corolla lip less than 1/3 as long as corolla tube. (Section 1. Grandiflorae Benth.) bos Bi ply cad eestor sie ase ttls tei baclo deat aca dsrec irene 2 chasis. «aera trtash: 2 + Raceme somewhat multilateral; corolla globose-inflated, middle lobe of lower corolla lip equaling tube or exceeding 1/3 its length. (Section Globiflorae Benth.) ............cc cece eee cece eee cece cece cent cece es 4. 2. Corolla red (very rarely white); flowers 30-40 mm long; leaves velutinous, dark green above, grayish tomentose underneath ........ ee ee Se eee Sere aod ier Coen aoe D. purpurea L. + Corolla yellow or whitish yellow; leaves shining, thin, green, sparsely pilose along margin and underneath ...........--++.-eeee eee e eres 3. 3. Corolla yellow, flowers 30-35 mm long; leaves oblong-ovate or lan- ceolate, 7-25 cm long, 2—6.5 cm broad ...... 1. D. grandiflora Mill. + Corolla whitish yellow; flowers 15-20 mm long; leaves narrowly lanceolate, sharply serrate, 4-7 cm long, 05 iesiicumbroadaias eee SO alg nice lament reed ibaa colar bree ae tae D. ciliata Trautv. 4. Calyx lobes lanceolate, not scarious along margin, inflorescence axis, calyx lobes and bracts densely lanate ............. 6. D. lanata Ebrh. + Calyx lobes ovate‘ or oblong, scarious along margin ............---- 33 5. Calyx lobes acute or acuminate, glabrous, shining, oblong; raceme gen- erally not very compact, 10-30 cm long; leaves and stem glabrous . Mi cadhe Sls Prartterras beectatepanartes 5. D. nervosa Steud. and Hochst. + Calyx lobes obtuse; lower leaves sparsely pilose along margin and beneathieree obec Bbc ser ee elertnn te poner nenen oe Saqarasein acing den 6. 6. Corolla 16-24 mm long, about 10 mm broad, tube globose-inflated . pep OR thre pa ete a ee bop ciara Aatgoat: 3. D. ferruginea ie 518 454 + Corolla 8-16 mm long, about 7 mm broad; tube slightly inflated; raceme generally very compact, many-flowered, long. ....................... WQOLUR, HEISE HOT PO | TRAE ORES 4. D. schischkinii Ivanina. Section 1. Grandiflorae Benth. in DC. Prodr. X (1846) 450.—Biennials and perennials. Flowers red and/or yellow, large (1.54 cm long), in somewhat unilateral raceme. Corolla tube irregularly campanulate; middle lobe of lower lip less than 1/3 as long as tube, covered by upper lip in bud. Stamens and pistil included. To this are referred 12 species. *D. purpurae L. Sp. Pl. (1753) 622; Lindl. Digit. mon. (1821) 9; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 451; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 228; Hegi, Illustr. Fl. Mittel-Eur. VI, 66.—D. thapsi Bert. Fl. Ital. VI (1844) 403. non L.—Ic:: Lindl. l.c. tab. 2; Monteverde, Bot. atlas, plate 55, fig. 5; Hegi, l.c. tab. 240. —Exs.: Fl. exs. austro-hung. No. 3286; Schulz, Herb. norm. No. 2767. Biennial, perennial. Stem 30-120 cm tall, erect, sulcate, somewhat uniformly leafy, densely covered with simple and glandular hairs. Leaves velutinous, dark green and scattered hairy above, canescent, tomentose with long, multicellular (2—5-cellular with subobtuse terminal head) often fugacious and glandular (with 2—4-cellular head), hairs beneath, with very prominent reticulate venation, irregularly crenate, rarely serrate, rosette and lower cauline leaves 12—20(35) cm long, 3—7(11) cm broad, ovate or oblong-ovate, acuminate, sharply narrowed into long (3-11 cm) petiole; upper cauline leaves short-petiolate or sessile, 1/2 the size of lower leaves or smaller, ovate or ovate-lanceolate. Flowers in somewhat dense, unilateral, many-flowered, pyramidal, generally long raceme. Bracts ovate or oblong-lanceolate, acute, as long as, or exceeding pedicels. Pedicels 0.5-1 cm long (up to 2 cm in fruit), densely covered with glandular hairs. Calyx lobes 8-13 mm long (up to 15 mm in fruit) and 4-8 mm broad, oblong-ovate, pointed. Corolla purple or rarely white, with white patch on lower inner surface of tube, with several purple spots, 3-4 cm long, tubular-campanulate, glabrous outside, densely patently hairy inside lower lip, hairs almost closing tube mouth; limb very short; upper lip with 2 small, elongated lobes, lower deltoid, obtuse, equaling about 1/3 of corolla length. Stamens glabrous. Ovary glandular-pubescent. Capsule 8-12 mm long, 6-9 mm broad, ovoid, obtuse, densely covered with glandular hairs. Seeds ovate or quadrangular-prismatic, 0.6-0.8 mm long, 0.4—0.6 mm broad. June to July. Widely cultivated as ornamental and medicinal plant, mainly in Eu- ropean part of USSR. Grows wild in open forests among scrub, on moun- tain slopes and hills in southern Scandinavia, Central and Atlantic Europe. Described from Western Europe. Type in London. 455 Note. Among cultivated plants of D. purpurea, a wide-ranging vari- ation is observed in corolla color (purple to white), form of the corolla 519 (campanulate to tubular), form of inflorescence (dense to lax, few-flowered raceme), height and color of stem, leaf shape, etc. Besides, there are dif- ferences in life span (most plants are biennials, some the perennials, and in very rare cases, annuals). In cultivation, the following forms and varieties are distinguished. f. gloxiniiflora hort——Plant taller and larger than typical forms, with longer raceme, and broader corolla tube, with very bright spots on lower lip. f. flore albo hort—Flowers white. f. monstrosa hort—Terminal flower peloric. f. maculata hort.—Corolla with bright spots on inner side of lower lip. f. caule rubra hort.—Stem red. Besides, several other forms are well known, as for example, f. lutzii hort., f. isabelliana hort. and others. Purple foxglove more or less easily hybridizes in gardens and in nature with several other foxglove species, especially D. lutea L. Usually, such hybrids of D: purpurea L. enter our botanical gardens from Western Europe under particular specific names, as, for example: x D. purpuras- cens Roth., D. rigida Lindl., D. lutescens Lindl., D. tubiflora Lindl., D. lindleyana Tausch. and others. Hybridization of D. purpurea L. with D. grandiflora Mill. yielded several forms of practical interest. These include: D. purpurea L. x D. grandiflora Mill. (D. kutukovii Ivan.)—Plant dark green, densely covered with simple and glandular hairs. Stem 40-80 cm tall, generally branched, densely leafy. Leaves ovate, narrowed into petiole. Flowers 28-35 cm (sic) long. Calyx lobes 9-12 mm long, lanceolate, acute. Corolla yellowish pink or greenish red, dark-punctate on inner surface of lower lip, campanulate; lateral corolla lobes deltoid, acute, 2-3 mm long; lower lip 4-5 mm long. August to September. Economic importance: Used as a medicinal and ornamental plant. Purple foxglove is used in medicine as an important cardiac remedy. A pharmaceutical agent is obtained from the leaves, which contain glucoside compounds, having strong affect on the heart. Leaves, of D. purpurea con- tain complicated complex of genuine glucosides, from which the following are isolated: purpurea-glucoside A (C,,H,,0;,), and purpurea-glucoside B (C,,H,,0,9). In fermentative hydrolysis, genuine glucosides decompose, producing digitoxin (C,,H,,0,,) and gitoxin (C,,H¢,0,,). In acid hydrol- ysis, digitoxigenin (C,,H,,0,) and gitoxigenin (C,,H,,0;) are obtained. Studies by pharmacologists and therapeutists have shown that the characteristic therapeutic effect of foxglove derives from the summary 520 action of the active elements present in it. However, the strongest poison 52 ro 456 is digitoxin, and hence the essential physiological action is attributed to it. The content of digitoxin in the leaves varies between 0.2 and 0.5% of absolute dry weight. Foxglove is used in cases of weakness of the heart muscle and the failure, of the inhibitory effect of the vagus nerve. This plant is cultivated in the Central and Southern European part of the USSR for its medicinal use. 1. D. grandiflora Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. VIII (1768) No. 4.—D. am- bigua Murr. Prodr. Stirp. Gotting. (1770) 62; Lindl. Digit. mon. 19; Schmalh. FI. II, 269; Hegi. Ilustr. Fl. Mittel-Eur. VI, 68; Wulff in Tr. prikl. bot. gen. i sel. XX, 354; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 395; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. 10, 2465.—D. ochroleuca Jacq. Fl. Austr. I (1773) 37; Lindl. l.c., 14.—D. lutea Pall. Hist. pl. Palat. II (1777) 199, non L.—D. grandi- flora Lam. Fl. Fr. I (1778) 332; Boiss. Fl or. IV, 429; Kryl. Fl. Alt. IV, 935.—D. grandiflora All. Fl. Pedem. I (1785) 70; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 453; Ldb. Fl. Ross, III, 227—D. milleri Don, Gen. Syst. IV (1838) 506.—Ic.: Lindl. l.c. tab. 7 and 8; Rchb. Ic. Fl. germ. XX, tab 1690; Gofman, Bot. alt. plate 128; Syreishch. Ill. fl. Mosk, gub. III, 140; Hegi. |.c. tab 240.—Exs.: Hayek, Fl. Stir. exs. No. 387; Fl. Hung. exs. No. 458; Callier, Pl. Hercegov. exs. No. 286; Orphanides, Fl. gr. exs. No. 724. Perennial. Rootstock short, fibrous, multiheaded. Stem erect, 40-120: cm tall, simple, rarely branched at raceme base, covered with glandular hairs in upper part, with long isolated hairs in lower part, glabrous or scattered hairy in middle. Leaves light green, generally oblong- lanceolate, acuminate, serrulate or entire, covered with glandular (with unicellular stalk and bicellular head) and simple (generally 6-cellular) hairs underneath, especially along veins and margins; rosette and lower cauline leaves oblong-lanceolate, 7-25 cm long, 2—6.5 cm broad, gradually narrowed into short and broad petiole; middle cauline leaves ovate- lanceolate, generally sessile; upper cauline oblong-lanceolate, about 4 cm long, 1 cm broad, sessile, gradually reducing in size and transforming into bracts. Flowers horizontally divergent, nodding, generally in short (6-25 cm long) and lax raceme. Pedicels glandular-pubescent, 2.5 mm long in flowers, 5—15 mm in fruit. Calyx lobes lanceolate, acute, glandular- hairy, 4-7 mm long, 1-2 mm broad, up to 9 mm in fruit. Corolla sulfureous yellow, with brownish veins on inner surface, yellow or brown when dry, diffusely glandular-pubescent outside, 3-4 cm long, 15-20 mm broad, irregularly campanulate; upper lip obscurely bilobed, about 2 mm long, middle lobe of lower lip deltoid, acute, 5—7 mm long, lateral lobes deltoid, subacute, 2-3 mm long. Capsule ovoid, 8-14 mm long, 5-8 mm broad, subobtuse, densely pilose. Seeds quadrangular-prismatic, 0.8-1.2 mm long, about 0.5 mm broad. June to July. 22, 457 Deciduous and mixed forests, forest edges, logged areas, often on turf-covered and stony slopes among scrub, rarely in mixed-grass meadows.—European USSR: Baltic Region, Upper Volga, Volga-Kama, Upper Dnieper, Volga-Don, Trans-Volga Region, Upper Dniester, Bas- sarabia, Black Sea Region: Western Siberia: Ob’ Region, Upper Tobol. General distribution: Scandinavia, Central and Atlantic Europe, Mediterranean Region, Balkan States-Asia Minor. Described from Europe. Type in London. Economic importance: Leaves are used in medicine for treatment of heart diseases, like leaves of D. purpurea L. Cultivated in gardens and parks. Due to its perennial character and greater winter-resistance, cultivation of this species is preferred to that of D. purpurea. The plant excels, besides, by its ornamental quality. 2. D. ciliata Trautv. in Mel. Biol. VI (1860) 7; Radde in Bull. Acad. Sc. Pétersb. X, 397; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 432; Schmalh. Fl. II, 269; Wulff in Tr. prikl. bot. gen. 1 sel. XX, 385; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 394; Kolakov. FI. Abkhaz. IV, 105; Kam.-Nat. in Fl. Gruz. VII, 591.—Exs.: Fl. Cauc. exs. No. 169; GRF, No. 831. Perennial. Rootstock multiheaded, woody, with several stems; under- ground stem parts often crowded turflike, covered with remnants of dead leaves. Stems 30-60 cm tall, green or lilac-violet, well-formed, virgate, uniformly leafy, covered, especially densely in middle, with patent, long hairs, curved when dry. Leaves sessile, lanceolate, acute, serrate, with a few serrations elongated into short cusps, bright green, sparsely hairy above, pale green, more hairy, with slightly prominent midrib beneath; radical and lower cauline leaves 4—7 cm long, 0.5—1.5 cm broad, gen- erally dying off by flowering stage; upper cauline leaves slightly shorter than middle and lower, otherwise similar. Flowers horizontally divergent, in comparatively short (about 10 cm long), lax, and generally distinctly unilateral raceme with. slender, flexuous, slightly glandular-pubescent or glabrous axis, somewhat distant from upper cauline leaves. Pedicels slender, long, usually about 0.7 cm except in lower flowers, where they reach 7 cm, obliquely erect, somewhat appressed to peduncle, glabrous. Bracts ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, acute, uninerved, almost equaling or 2 times as long as flowers. Calyx lobes about 5 mm long, orbicular or ovate, obtuse, 5—7 veined, with scarious and densely ciliate margin. Corolla yellowish white or dull white, 15—20(25) mm long, 10-15 mm broad, campanulate, densely covered with multicellular glandular hairs along inner margin of lower lip; lobes subequal, ovate, obtuse, slightly recurved; upper lip parted into 2 closely disposed small lobes, gen- erally with narrow triangular sinus in between; lower lip slightly (by 2—4 mm) longer than upper. Stamens and pistil at anthesis as long as 523 458 corolla tube; filaments and anthers glabrous. Ovary densely glandular- pubescent; stigma very minute, hypogynous disk clearly visible around ovary, excreting large quantity of sugary substance (copiously flowing on to lower corolla lip during fair weather). Capsule 5—7 mm long ovoid, almost equaling or slightly exceeding calyx, glabrous. Seeds light yellow, quadrangular-prismatic, 1—-1.2 mm long, about 0.6 mm broad. June to July. In subalpine and alpine zones, generally on rocks, debris, shale out- crops, rarely in pine forests.—Caucasus: Ciscaucasia, western Transcau- casia. Endemic. Described from Georgia. Type in Leningrad. Economic importance: Good honey plant; with some ornamental value, though little used in horticulture; contains glucosides of cardiac group. Section 2. Globiflorae Benth. in DC. Prodr. X (1846) 449.—Flowers light or dark brown, in somewhat compact, multilateral raceme; corolla tube inflated; middle lobe of lower lip reaching 1/2 tube length or longer, overlapping upper lip in bud. This section includes 10 species. 3. D. ferruginea L. Sp. pl. (1753) 622; Lindl. Digit. mon. 17, p.p.: Griseb. Spicil. Fl. Rum. and Bith. II, 33; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 450, p.p.: Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 429, p.p.: Wulff in Tr. prikl. bot. gen. i sel. XX (1929) 351, p.p.: Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 395, p.p.: Kem.-Nat. in Fl. Gruz. VIII, 592.—D. aurea Lindl. |.c. 18.—D. brachyantha Griseb. |.c. 513 —D. pich- leri Huter in Oestereich. Bot. Zeitschr. LVII (1907) 200.—Ic.: Sibth. and Sm. Fl. gr. VII, 606; Rchb. Ic. fl. germ. XX, tab. 1694; Javorka es Csapody, Iconogr. fl. Hung. 3332b.—£Exs.: Orphanides. Fl. gr. No. 40. Perennial. Rootstock horizontal, woody, with single stem and rosette of radical leaves. Stem 40—70(120) cm tall, erect, slightly arcuate- ascending at base, generally simple (rarely branched at lower part of inflorescence), sulcate, sparsely pubescent below or glabrous throughout. Rosette and radical leaves 7—15(40) cm long, 1—2.5(3) cm broad, oblong- lanceolate, acuminate, narrowed at base into petiole (2-4 cm long, about 0.5 cm broad), with prominent arcuate veins beneath, diffusely pubescent with multicellular and glandular hairs, especially along veins and margin; middle and upper cauline leaves oblong-lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, more acute than lower leaves, often folded in pairs, obscurely veined, glabrous. Raceme 15—25(40) cm long, cylindrical, pointed above, sparsely flowered at base and in middle, somewhat densely so in upper part with sessile flowers and buds; flowers nodding on thick 2—5 mm long pedicels in axils of lanceolate, acute bracts, equaling or exceeding calyx and corolla tube. Calyx lobes 7-10 mm long, with broad, colorless, scarious margin, ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, margin ciliate. Corolla 16-22 mm long, rusty- yellow or yellowish brown, with brown or lilac veins; tube 8-10 mm long, globose-inflated; upper lip with 2 short lobes; lateral lobes at lower 524 459 lip deltoid, middle oblong-ovate, 6-10 mm long, densely covered with multicellular and glandular hairs. Stamens glabrous, included. Capsule ovoid, 0.7—1 cm long, glabrous. June to August. In forest glades, among scrub; from lower forest zone to subalpine meadows.—Caucasus: southern and eastern Transcaucasia. General dis- tribution: Mediterranean Region, Balkan States-Asia Minor, Armenia- Kurdistan. Described from Italy. Type in London. Note. D. ferruginea L. is a species more polymorphic than other species of foxglove. Some authors have tried to separate individual forms from Asia Minor as species, others as varieties. We have only separated most of the Caucasian foxgloves (as the more studied areas) as the distinct species described below. The minority of the Caucasian plants (from Ar- menia, environs of Borzhomi, etc.) are left within the range of the present species. Economic importance: Leaves of this species are used in the USSR for manufacture of valuable medicinal preparations of a cardiac group (digalen-neo, chordigit, satiturani) and in popular medicine. 4. D. schischkinii Ivan. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, IX (1946) 204; Grossh. Opred. rast. Kavk. 316; Kolak. Fl. Abkhaz. IV, 106; Kem.-Nat. in Fl. Gruz. VII, 592—D. ferruginea auct. fl. Cauc. Perennial. Rootstock horizontal, oblique or almost vertical, generally short, dark brown, woody, producing numerous adventitious roots, espe- cially in upper part. Stem single, erect from arcuate basé, 50-150 cm tall, simple or weakly branched in upper part, sulcate, glabrous above, scat- tered hairy in lower part, with rosette of radical leaves at base, generally dying off by flowering stage. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, subobtuse, some- what narrowed into petiole, with slightly prominent midrib and 4-6 ir- regularly arcuate lateral veins and obscure reticulate venation; radical and lowermost cauline leaves 8-30 cm long, 2-6 mm broad, oblong-ovate, gradually narrowed toward base into long petiole, scattered hairy along margin and veins; middle cauline leaves sessile, oblong-lanceolate, acute, glabrous, upper lanceolate, acuminate, gradually reducing upward along stem and imperceptibly transforming into bracts. Raceme 15—40 cm long, many-flowered (up to {00 flowers), generally compact, pointed above; flowers on 2-3 mm long pedicels, in bract axils. Bracts swordlike, linear- lanceolate, acute, with single distinct midrib, as long as calyx or corolla tube, except lower bracts much exceeding flower. Calyx lobes 4-6(7) mm long, orbicular-elliptical, obtuse, with broad, colorless scarious margin, densely glandular-pilulose. Corolla ginger yellow or yellowish green, with brown veins, 8—12(18) mm long; tube somewhat inflated, rarely short- infundibuliform, 6-10 mm long, 3-4 mm broad; upper lip with 2 obtuse upcurved lobes; lateral lobes of lower lip deltoid, subobtuse, recurved; 525 460 middle lobe of lower lip 3-10 mm long, oblong-lanceolate or oblong-ovate, obtuse, densely covered with multicellular and glandular hairs. Stamens glabrous, almost equaling corolla tube; anthers exserted in mature flowers. Capsule 7-10 mm long, ovate, acute, glabrous. Seeds quadrangular- prismatic, 1.2—-1.5 mm long, about 0.8 mm broad. July to September. Among scrub, in glades, at edges of broad-leaved forests, from lower to subalpine zone, in humus-rich, as well as in sandy-loam and sandy soils.—Caucasus: Ciscaucasia, western and eastern Transcaucasia. General distribution: Asia Minor. Described from Caucasus. Type in Leningrad. Economic importance: Leaves of this species, as in the preceding species, are used for the manufacture of valuable medicinal prepara- tions of a cardiac group (Digalenneo, Chordigit, Satiturani) and in popu- lar medicine. 5. D. nervosa Steud. and Hochst. ex Benth. in DC. Prodr. X (1846) 450; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 227; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 430; Wulff in Tr. prikl. bot. XX, 352; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 359; Kem.-Nat. in Fl. Gruz. VIL, 591.—D. laevigata C.A.M. Verz. Pflanz. Cauc. Casp. Meer (1831) 110, non Waldst. and Kit. Perennial. Rootstock fibrous or irregularly cylindrical, woody, with ring of slender interlocked secondary rootlets, glabrous or round-pitted inward, generally with single stem and rosette of radical leaves. Stem 30-80 cm tall, cylindrical, sulcate, glabrous, generally sparsely leafy. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, entire, glabrous; rosette and radical leaves obovate-lanceolate, 10—20(30) cm long, 2.5—5(7) cm broad, subacute with 4—6 distinct lateral veins beneath, diverging from midrib at very acute angle, narrowed into short, glabrous petiole; cauline leaves 4-12 cm long, oblong-lanceolate, subacute or acute, sessile, with less number of veins and obscurely arcuate-nerved venation, compared with lower leaves. Flowers generally in lax, 10—30(50) cm long, almost multilateral raceme. Pedicels distinct, 2-4 mm long, in axils of lanceolate, acute, glabrous bracts. Bracts equaling or slightly exceeding calyx lobes, except lower bracts, similar to upper cauline leaves. Calyx lobes dark green, shining, rigidly scarious along margin, 5-7 mm long, 4-5 mm broad, oblong- ovate, acute, somewhat keeled-overlapping, glandular-hairy along margin. Corolla light brown or yellow, darkening when dry, 14—22(30) mm long, short-campanulate; tube slightly inflated; lobes of upper lip minute, 1—2 mm long, deltoid, covered, similar to other lobes, by glandular and simple hairs; lateral lobes of lower lip 2-3 mm long, deltoid, acute; middle lobe distinct, somewhat markedly prominent, 3-7 mm long, ovate or obtuse-deltoid. Filaments and pistil glabrous, equaling corolla tube; anthers slightly exserted in mature flowers. Capsule 9-12 mm long, ovate, acute, with diverging calyx lobes. July to August. 526 461 In broad-leaved forests——Caucasus: southern and_ eastern Transcaucasia, Talysh. General distribution: Iran. Described from Talysh. Type in Berlin. 6. D. lanata Ehrh. Beitr. VII (1792) 152; Lindl. Digit. mon. 19; Griseb. Spicil. Fl. Rum. and Bith. II, 33; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 450; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 430; Velenovsky, Fl. Bulg. 422.—D. nova Winterli, Ind. hort. bot. univ. Hung. (1788) 72 (n. n.).—D. ferruginea Lam. Encycl. meth. bot. II (1790) 280—D. winterli Roth, Catal. bot. I (1797) 71.—D. eriostachya Bess. in Rchb. Hort. Bot. II, 3 (1827) 12.—D. epiglottidea Brera in Steud. Nomencl. Bot. ed. I (1840) 507.—Ic.: Waldst. and Kit. Pl. rar. Hung. I (1802) tab. 74; Rchb. Ic. fl. germ. XX, tab. 1693; Javorka es Csapody, Iconogr. fl. Hung. 3330.—Exs.: Or- phanides, Fl. gr. No. 726; Fl. Exs. austro-hung. No. 2195. Biennial or perennial. Rootstock horizontal, woody. Stem single, erect, partially ascending at base, generally dark lilac, simple, somewhat uniformly leafy, lowermost leaves dying off by early anthesis, usually glabrous below, inflorescence axis densely tomentose. Radical and lower cauline leaves 6—-12(20) cm long, 1.5—3.5 cm broad, oblong-ovate, obtuse or acute, covered with simple and glandular (with 1-—2-cellular heads) hairs, like upper cauline leaves, generally entire, rarely slightly sinuate or sparsely denticulate, with distinct midrib and 3 lateral veins; up- per cauline leaves lanceolate, 4-10 cm long, sessile, acute, gradually reducing and transforming into bracts. Raceme pyramidal, somewhat long, rather dense, multilateral; inflorescence axis, bracts and calyx lobes densely pubescent; flowers on short, glandular-pubescent pedicels in bract axils. Bracts oblong-lanceolate, equaling or exceeding calyx. Ca- lyx lobes 10 mm long, lanceolate, acute, not divergent in fruit. Corolla 20-30 mm long; tube globose-inflated, brownish yellow with lilac veins; upper lip shallowly incised into 2 deltoid, upcurved lobes; lower lip with small, deltoid, lateral, recurved lobes, with large white or reddish, spatulate middle lobe, almost equaling corolla tube. Stamens at anthesis equaling corolla tube, glabrous. Pistil pubescent. Capsule 8-12 mm long, conical, obtuse, with short beak, glandular-hairy. Seeds quadrangular- prismatic, 1.1-1.3 mm long, about 0.6 mm broad. July to August. Among scrub, in forests and meadows, along calcareous and clayey slopes of mountains and hills —European USSR: Upper Dniester, Bessara- bia. General distribution: Central Europe, Balkan States-Asia Minor. De- scribed from cultivated plants, apparently from Berlin. Type not known. Economic importance: Leaves of D. lanata are used in Western Eu- rope for obtaining crystalline glucosides, used in medicine, for cardiac diseases. In USSR, this plant is under testing. 462 Tribe 3. GERARDIEAE Benth. in DC. Prodr. X (1846) 506—Corolla bilabiate, with flat lobes, 2 posterior lobes usually internal. Stamens connivent in pairs; anther locules pointed at base, not confluent, second chamber often absent. Fruit a capsule. At least lower leaves opposite. Genus 1346. LEPTORHABDOS":2 Schrenk Schrenk in Fisch. and Mey. Enum. ‘pl. nov. (1841) 23; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X (1846) 510.—Dargeria Decne. ex Jacq. Voy. Ind. IV (1844) 116. Calyx campanulate, 5-partite up to 1/3-1/2 with subequal, linear- 527 lanceolate, acute lobes or teeth. Corolla 3—8 mm long, tubular-infundibuli- form, with 5-lobed limb divided almost to base; lobes orbicular, obtuse. Stamens 4, didynamous, inserted in lower part of corolla, included; anthers ellipsoid, confluent above, lower ends diverging acute, dehiscing by longi- tudinal slit; ovary obovoid, bilocular with axile placentation; ovules 1—2 in locule; pistil with long style and short, capitate stigma. Capsule obovate, compressed, dehiscing by valves, with 1—2 seeds in locule. Seeds about 2 mm long, cuneate to oblique-truncate, rugose, shining. Annual herbs with long, branched or simple, 4-angled stems and pin- natipartite or entire opposite leaves. Inflorescence paniculate, lax, long, each branch forming raceme. This genus is monotypic, distributed in Himalayas, Afghanistan, Cen- tral Asia, Iran and eastern Transcaucasia. 1. L. parviflora Benth. in DC. Prodr. X (1846) 510—Gerardia parviflora Benth. in Wall. Cat. (1829) No. 3888 and Scroph. Ind. (1835) 48.—Leptorhabdos micrantha Schrenk in Fisch. and Mey. Enum. pl. nov. (1841) 23; C. and B. Fedtsch. Perech. rast. Turkest. 5, 98.—L. brevidens Fisch. and Mey. Ind. sem. hort. Petrop. IX Suppl. (1843) 13.—L. benthamiana Walp. Rep. III (1844-1845) 387.—L. linifo- lia (Decne.) Walp. |.c. 388.—L. virgata Benth. in D€. Prodr. X (1846) 510; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 395—L. glutinosa Freyn in Bull. Herb. Boiss. V (1897) 797.—Dargeria linifolia Decne. ex Jacq. Voy. Ind. IV (1844) 116.—D. pinnatifida Decne. |.c.—Ic.: Decne. |.c. pl. 121.—Exs.: HFAM, No. 169, 199a. Annual. Stem erect, 10-70 cm tall, virgate, green or lilac, 4-angled, glabrous, or rarely sparsely pilose in lower part, somewhat glandular- pubescent in upper part, branched; branches opposite and obliquely di- vergent, generally from middle of stem, rarely almost at right angle from base (var. divaricata Vved.). Leaves almost opposite (usually one leaf ! Treatment by L.I. Ivanina. * From the Greek leptos—slender and -habdos—willow; from general appearance of plant. 528 463 separated from the other by 2.4 mm); lower leaves generally pinnatipartite, ovate or oblong-ovate, 4-8 mm (sic) long, lobes 1-5 pairs, linear, unequal, 2-3 cm long, 1-3 mm broad, rarely leaves 3-partite or entire, in latter case linear, entire or lanceolate, unequally sinuate or unequally dentate, acute, petiolate, glabrous, often shedding at flowering stage; upper cauline leaves shorter than lower and middle, 2.5 cm long, otherwise sessile, similar to lower cauline leaves. Racemes branched at base like stem,; flowers gen- erally opposite, rarely alternate (flower in one bract axil not developing); lower flowers in raceme rarely distant, upper somewhat crowded; flowers 2-5 mm long, glandular-pubescent. Bracts 3-7 mm long; lanceolate or linear; lower bracts often exceeding flowers, middle generally equaling calyx tube. Calyx 3-8 mm long, campanulate, glandular-pubescent, 10- veined; 5-partite up to 1/3—1/2 of tube length [var. micrantha (Schrenk) Ivanina] into linear-lanceolate lobes or teeth, extending into short claw at tip. Corolla 3-8 mm long, pink or lilac glabrous, tubular, infundibuliform, with 5-lobed limb; lobes 1—2 mm long, orbicular divided almost to base. Stamens 4, inserted in lower part of corolla; filaments glabrous, anthers ellipsoid, parallel up to maturity stage, separating at dehiscing stage and perpendicular to filaments. Ovary obovate, 1-2 mm long, glabrous, com- pressed, somewhat bilobed above; pistil with long glabrous style and short capitate stigma. Capsule cinnamon brown, obovoid, 4—7 mm long, obtuse. Seeds 1.7—2.4 mm long, cunneate or obliquely truncate, distinctly ribbed between irregular angles with 12-16 deep, longitudinal, irregular folds; folds finely transversely rugose. July to August. Along banks of rivers, brooks and lakes, in sands, in steppe, in juniper forests. Often as a weed in fields, near roads, near irrigation canals. Caucasus: Eastern Transcaucasia (rare); Soviet Central Asia: Kara Kum, Balkhash Region, mountainous Turkmenia, Amu Darya, Pamiro- Alai, Syr Darya, Tien Shan, Dzh.-Tarbagatai. General distribution: Iran, India—Himalayas, Dzh.-Kashgar. Note: Study of samples collected by Schrenk in Dzhungar Ala-Tau and described as L. micrantha Schrenk has shown that compared to the typical plants most of them actually have longer calyx teeth (reaching up to 1/2 tube length) and broader leaf lobes. However, similar forms of calyx teeth and leaves are observed also in plants growing in Ili River basin, on the Pamir (environs of Khorog, etc.), on banks of Lake Iskanderkul, in the Kugitang foothills etc. O. and B. Fedtschenko (l.c.) have reported calyx lobes of various length, sometimes on the same plant. Hence, it is better to regard these similar plants as a variety, var. micrantha (Schrenk) Ivanina. We also think that the plant described as L. linifolia (Decne.) Walp. and distributed in Himalayas along with L. parviflora Benth., but distinguished by entire, sometimes 3-partite of leaves, longer bracts and a more deeply parted calyx, is another of its forms—var. linifolia (Decne.) 529 530 464 Ivanina. Finally, L. glutinosa, described from Iran and characterized by densely glandular pubescence, apparently is a third form—var. glutinosa (Freyn) Ivanina, Genus 1347. RHAMPHICARPA" 2 Benth. Benth. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. I (1835) 368; DC. Prodr. X, 503—Macrosiphon Hochst. in Flora, XXIV (1841) 373.—Bradshawia F. Muell. in Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, 2 Ser. VI (1892) 473. Flowers large, on long, opposite, axillary pedicels. Calyx campanulate or tubular-campanulate, 5-partite. Corolla white or grayish yellow, with slender, long exserted, erect or curved tube and limb with 5 obovate, subequal lobes. Stamens 4, didynamous, included, with unilocular obtuse anthers; pistil one, with ovoid bilocular ovary and long, clavate style, thickened above. Capsule ovate, laterally compressed, oblique, apiculate or rostrate, dehiscing by valves, valves coriaceous, entire. Seeds numerous, minute, obovate or oblong. Herbs (blackening when dry), with entire or pinnatipartite leaves; lower leaves opposite, upper alternate, covered with minute, shining, white verrucae along margin and sometimes on surface. This genus includes 15 species, distributed in Tropical Africa, Eastern India and Australia. 1. R. medwedewii Alb. in Tr. Bot. sada, XII, No. 9 (1893) 435; Bull. Herb. Boiss. I, 248; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 395.—Ic.: Bull. Herb. Boiss. I, tab. XI.—Exs.: Herb. Fl. Cauc. No. 98; Fl. Cauc. exs. No. 246; Pl. or. exs. No. 148. Annual. Plant 10-20 cm tall, glabrous. Stem erect, profusely branched. Leaves pinnatipartite, 1-5 cm long, with narrowly filiform or linear-setiform, grooved, 1.2—2 cm long, 0.5—0.6 mm broad lobes, with minute, white, flat, elliptical verrucae along margin. Flowers large. Pedicels (0.6)1.3—2.3 cm long, glabrous, axillary, opposite. Bracts fili- form, (2.5)5-7 mm long, 0.5 mm broad, opposite. Calyx campanulate, 1-1.5 cm long, 0.5 mm (sic) broad, 2/9-1/4 as long as corolla; calyx lobes broadly ovate at base, 2 mm long and broad, subulate-cuspidate, 0.8-1.3 cm long. Corolla 4.3-4.8 cm long, 2.4 cm across, white, purple in lower part of mouth (blackish or pale sky-blue when dry), sparsely veined, with erect, 3.4—3.8 cm long, 0.5 mm broad, slender tube, in- flated above, 3.5—4.5 mm broad, and spreading exposed limb with broad, orbicular-ovate, 1—1.2 cm long, subequal lobes; lobes entire or somewhat sinuate. Stamens 4, with 1 mm long filaments, inserted in upper, broader ! Treatment by S.G. Gorschkova. 2 From the Greek ramphos—curved beak and carpos—fruit from the form of the cap- sule, apiculate or rostrate. 531 465 part of tube, with elliptical-linear, subobtuse, vertical anthers, dorsally adnate (in middle). Ovary ovoid or oblong-ovoid, 3 mm long, 1.5 mm broad, glabrous, with long style, 10 times as long as ovary. Capsule oblong-ovoid, (1.7)2 cm long, 0.5-0.6 cm broad, 1.25 times as long as ca- lyx, veined along margin, narrow winged, dark cinnamon brown, smooth, many-sided, with erect, 0.5 cm long beak. Seeds oblong, 0.8 mm long, 0.3 mm broad, cinnamon brown, with outer reticulate coat. June to July. In lowlands and marshes.—Caucasus: western Transcaucasia. En- demic. Described from Imeretia (Lake Paleostom). Type in Tbilisi. Note. Albov considers R. medwedewii, as the only surviving repre- sentative of this tropical genus of the Buechnerinae (tribe Gerardieae of the Scrophulariaceae) in the Caucasus, close to R. fistulosa Benth. from Nubia and Abyssinia. Tribe 4. EUPHRASIEAE Benth. in DC. Prodr. X (1846) 526.—Rhinantheae Wettst. in Pflanzenfam. IV, 3b (1897) 97.—Corolla bilabiate; upper lip often galeate. Stamens connivent in pairs; anther chambers parallel, usually pointed at base. Leaves opposite or alternate. Plants often semiparasites, very rarely parasites. Genus 1348. CASTILLEJA}? Lf. L.f. Suppl. (1781) 47.—Euchroma Nutt. Gen. Am. II (1818) 54.—Castillejoa Post. and Ktze. Lexic. Gen. Phaner. (1903) 104. Calyx tubular, laterally compressed, often broadened at base, 2-partite above; lobes entire, irregularly dentate or shortly labiate. Corolla with long tube enclosed in calyx, and bilabiate limb; upper lip elongated, narrow, erect, scaphoid-concave, entire; lower lip small, inflated in lower part, 3-lobed. Stamens 4, inserted in corolla tube a little above middle, un- equal; 2 stamens opposite upper lip shorter than others. Pistil 1, with bilocular ovary, slender long style and capitate, somewhat sinuate stigma. Capsule bilocular, bivalved, many-seeded, valves entire. Seeds minute, with transparent outer coat, coarsely cellular or pitted. Flowers numerous, short-pedicellate, in terminal, dense, spicate inflorescence. Bracts oblong, colored. Perennial herbs, with erect stems and alternate, entire leaves. Of the 32 species distributed in Northern Asia, North and South America, the USSR has 2 species. 1. Inflorescence 3-12 cm long; bracts oblong or oblong- elliptical, 0.7-3.5 cm long, pale yellow (rarely red); corolla pale yellow (rarely red), 2.3-3 cm long, 1; as long as calyx; stems single or few (2-7), erect; 20-50: cmitalln. Aeeud-aes A .9 406 1. C. pallida (L.) Kunth. 1 Treatment by S.G. Gorschkova. 2 Named in honor of the Spanish botanist Castillejo. 532 466 + Inflorescence 3-5 cm long; bracts oblong or broad-ovate, reddish violet, 1.2—1.6 cm long; corolla reddish violet, 1.2-1.6 cm long, almost equaling calyx; stems numerous (7—20), somewhat spreading, 10—20 cm tall roel ue. ageect 2E.4: haces thy. AE 2. C. arctica Kryl. and Serg. 1. C. pallida (L.) Kunth, Syn. Fl. Aequin. II (1823) 100; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 531; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, p. I, 257; Turcz. Fl. baic.-dah. II, 349; Kryl. Fl. Alt. IV, 951; O. and B. Fedtsch. Perech. rast. Turkest. 5, 98; Fedtsch. Rast. Turkest. 696; Kom. and Alis. Opred. rast. Dalnevost. kr. II, 924; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2466.—Bartsia pallida L. Sp. pl. (1753) 602.—C. sibirica Lindl. in Bot. Reg. (1825) in nota ad tab. 925; Bge. in Ldb. FI. alt. II, 421.—C. acuminata Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXIV, II (1851) 321.—Ic.: Bot. Tidskr. XVII, 221; Fedtsch. and Fler. Fl. Evrop. Ross, fig. 842; Sugawara, Illustr. Fl. Saghal. IV, tab. 767. Perennial. Plant 20—50 cm tall, covered with multicellular, white hairs. Stems erect, simple, few (2-8) or single, cylindrical, unbranched. Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, sometimes lanceolate, 3—9 cm long, 0.2-0.6 cm broad, entire, mucronate, 3-veined, sometimes broadened at base, sessile. Flowers on pubescent, 3-4 mm long pedicels, in compact, spicate, 3-12 cm long, 2 cm broad inflorescence. Bracts oblong or elliptical, broad, covered with short white hairs, 0.7-3.5 cm long, 0.4—0.8(1) cm broad, pale yellow or red (var. rubra Drob.), irregularly dentate or cristate in upper part; lobes oblong or lanceolate, 3~4 mm long, 1 mm broad. Calyx pale yellow, 1.4—2 cm long, at least 2/3 as long as corolla, densely covered with long, multicellular hairs, shallowly bilobed; lobes 7 mm long, bipartite with oblong-linear, 4-5 mm long, 1—1.5 mm broad segments, or sometimes lobes unequally dentate. Corolla pale yellow or white, sometimes reddish in upper part or red throughout (var. rubra Drob.), 2.3-3 cm long, with narrow, 2 cm broad, long tube, 2 times as long as limb, subglabrous below, densely covered above with long, white, multicellular hairs, bilabiate; upper lip narrow, 4—-5(7) mm long, 2-3 mm broad, 2 times as long as lower lip, generally tapering above into sharp beak, patently white-puberulent, densely outside in middle part, sparsely inside; lower lip slightly divergent, 2—2.5(3.5) mm long, deeply parted, 3-lobed, sparsely pilulose on both surface lobes oblong, 1--1.5 mm long, 0.8 mm broad, obtuse, white-puberulent, densely outside, sparsely inside. Stamens with anthers strongly diverging downward. Ovary ovoid, 4 mm long, 2.5 mm broad, smooth, dark cinnamon brown; style 55 times as long as ovary, with capitate stigma. Capsule oblong or oblong-ovoid, 1—1.5 cm long, 0.4—0.5 cm broad, pointed, smooth, slightly shorter than calyx, cinnamon brown. Seeds oblong, 1.8 mm long, 0.8 mm broad, obtuse-triangular, with shining pitted outer membrane. June to July. 533 467 Tundra, dry steppe, alkaline and floodplain meadows; among birch, birch-pine and larch forests, scrub, in forest glades, fire clearings, on mountain slopes; as weed among cereal crops, in abandoned cultivated fields —Arctic Region: Chukotka, Anadyr; European USSR: Volga-Kama; Western Siberia: all regions; Soviet Far East: Kamchatka, Zeya-Bureya, Uda Region. General distribution: North America. Described from Siberia. Type in London. Economic importance: Honey plant. 2. C. arctica Kryl. and Serg. in Sist. zam. Gerb. Tomsk. Gos. univ. 1-2 (1939) 5; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2468. Perennial. Plant 10-20 cm tall, pubescent with distant matted hairs.. Stems 7—20, somewhat spreading. Leaves alternate, linear or lanceolate, or upper leaves ovate-lanceolate, all 3-veined, long acuminate, 2-7 cm long, - 2-9 mm broad. Flowers in compact, spicate, 2-5 cm long inflorescence. Lower bracts broadly ovate, 3—3.5 cm long, 1.2—1.6 cm broad, reddish vio- let, pubescent, cristate-partite above into linear, 0.5—1.3 cm long, 1-3 mm broad lobes, 2—3 on either side; upper bracts smaller, with S—7 shorter lobes on either side. Calyx colored, 1.5—1.8 cm long, almost equaling corolla, 1/2 or more parted into 2 lobes, each deeply incised into linear, 3-7 mm long, 1—2 mm broad, obtuse segments. Corolla reddish violet, 1.2—-1.5 cm long, bilabiate; tube glabrous below, covered in upper part with long white hairs; upper lip erect, with oblong or obtuse-deltoid teeth above and 2 short teeth along margins at base; lower lip 3-lobed, with oblong-ovate, 1.5—2.5 mm long, 1.5—2 mm broad, obtuse lobes. Style exserted. August. In meadows and on slopes in moss-lichen tundra. Arctic Region: Arctic Europe, Novaya Zemlya, Arctic Siberia (Yamal Peninsula), Chukotka. Described from Ob’ Region—near Cape of Kotelnikov. Type in Tomsk. Note. The anthers of this species separate it from C. elegans Malte (Rhodora, XXXVI, No. 425, 1934, 187), described from Northwest America. Genus 1349. MELAMPYRUM"2 L. L. Sp. pl. (1753) 605; Beauv. in Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve. 38, 6 (1916) 291; So6 in Fedde, Repert, XXIII (1926) 159 and XXIV (1927) 127.—Marinella Bubani, FI. Pyr. I (1897) 261. Flowers generally large, sessile or on glabrous or pubescent pedicels, in axils of large bracts, in terminal spicate or racemose inflorescences on stem and branches. Bracts ovate-lanceolate or linear- lanceolate, ! Treatment by S..G. Gorschkova. 2From the Greek melas—black and pyron—grain; seeds of this plant, when mixed with flour, give darkish color to bread. 534 468 usually laterally incise-dentate or setose-dentate, rarely entire. Calyx tubular-campanulate, 4-toothed, glabrous or pubescent, upper teeth sometimes large, all acute, rarely obtuse. Corolla bilabiate, glabrous or generally puberulent; tube cylindrical, slender, gradually broadened above, exposed, slightly broadened at base; upper lip galeate, laterally compressed, with narrow, recurved margin; lower lip slightly exceeding upper, patent, with 2 tubercles (palates) at base and 3 short, equal lobes above. Stamens 4, didynamous, inserted in upper part of tube; anthers connivent, almost vertical, bilocular; chambers with sharply pointed appendages at base, long- barbate along upper margin. Pistil 1; with bilocular ovary; style filiform, long curved above, glabrous or pubescent in upper part; stigma capitate. Capsule compressed, ovate or semiglobose, glabrous or puberulent, obtuse or apiculate, bilocular, loculicidal, dehiscing from anterior or both sides, with 1—2 seeds per locule. Seeds 4 mm long, 1.5—2 mm broad, elliptical or oblong, almost trigonous, smooth, arillate. Annuals, semiparasites, glabrous or pubescent. Stems erect, somewhat branched. Leaves green, opposite, lanceolate, linear or ovate, generally acuminate, entire or upper leaves incised at base, subsessile or on short, 1-2 mm long petioles. Of the 35 species distributed in Europe, Asia and North America, the USSR has 16. 1. Flowers miultilaterally divesseats in dense spicate-cylindrical inflorescenceyy.4: sien remedies: IROe ee Oe 2 + Flowers unilaterally divergent, in sparse, racemose sequined inflores- CENCE) . easel. peepeaialntent My | es. Sy! 10. M. roseum Maxim. Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, 1.5—3 mm broad, sometimes almost ovate, 5-8 mm broad ({. latifolium Nakai); bracts lanceolate-linear, sometimes almost ovate ((. latifolium Nakai), subulate-dentate or setose-dentate; calyx with long aristate, unequal teeth; corolla pink BES VE arinatee yo 8h. ICR ph dese 11. M. setaceum (Maxim.) Nakai. Corolla 0.8—-1 cm long with open mouth; capsule bilaterally dehiscent SS) SES eee ee RE eesti Re sued one, fe 133 Corolla 1.4—1.8 cm long, with closed mouth; capsule with unilateral antenormdenseence Aa. ci Sh. 20vl. vend. ot tet. ih 15: Plant pubescent, rarely subglabrous; corolla yellow or golden ... 14. 536 470 +. Plant glabrous, corolla milk-white; lower lip with 3-5 dark blood-red or violet stripes and sometimes with 2 orange spots ................ PORN ie ies Dotke 2 eters, Samant ts S OR Renee aare 14. M. saxosum Baumg. 14. Plant up to 40 cm tall, branches recurved; corolla golden or dark VONOW sce. oath a. octets ie, Re Deer 12. M. silvaticum L. + Plant up to 25 cm tall, branches somewhat appressed, corolla yellow; lower lip scarlet, spotted ............ 13. M. herbichii Woloszczak. 15. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, 4-9 cm long, (0.3)0.5—1.2 cm broad; bracts lanceolate, entire or slightly sinuate-dentate, or upper bracts with a few subulate-linear teeth; corolla 1—-1.8 cm long, generally yellow, sometimes white or purple ...................... 15. M. pratense L. + Leaves oblong-lanceolate, 5—-7.5 cm long, 0.7—2 cm broad; bracts ovate, deeply parted, with 5-9 lanceolate-linear, long lobes; corolla 1-1.3 cm long, yellow or almost white ....................----.-0-- Reset re eh tn agrestis 16. M. laciniatum Koshewn and Zing. Section 1. Spicata (Wettst.) Soo in Fedde, Repert. XXIV (1927) 130.—Sect. Eumelampyrum subsectio Spicata Wettst. in Pflanzenfam. IV, 3b, 99.—Flowers divergent in all directions, in dense, spicate-cylindrical inflorescence. Subsection 1. Carinata Beauv. in Mem. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Geneve, 38, 6 (1916) 428——Bracts orbicular-cordate or orbicular-reniform, longitudinally folded, cristate-dentate, imbricate. Flowers in dense, 4- angled inflorescence. Calyx teeth unequal. Capsule only unilaterally dehiscent. 1. M. cristatum L. Sp. pl. (1753) 605; M.B. Fl. taur.-cauc. III, 411; Benth. in DC Prodr. X, 583; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 304; Boiss. Fl. or IV, 480; Schmalh. Fl. II, 290; Sod in Fedde, Repert. XXIV, 141; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2469.—M. solstitiale Ronnig. in Dorfler, Schedae ad Herb. norm. Cent. XLVIII (1907) 247—M. cristatum subsp. solstitiale Ronnig. in Vierteljahrschr. Naturf. Gesellsch. in Zurich, LV (1910) 308.—M. cristatum var. y. solstitiale Maly in Magyar. bot. lapok VII (1908) 231.—WM. cristatum subvar. eu-solstitiale (Ronnig.) Beauv. in Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve, 38, 6 (1916) 471.—M. solstitiale Stank. in Stank. and Tal. Opred, vyssh. rast. Evrop. ch. (1949) 822.—M. ronnigeri Poeverl. in Allg. Bot. Zeitschr. XIII (1907) 177.—Marinella cristata Bubani, Fl. Pyr. I (1897) 605.—Ic.: Fedtsch. and Fler. Fl. Evrop. Ross. fig. 826; Syreistsch. Ill. fl. Mosk. gub. III, 171; Hegi, Illustr. Fl. Mittel-Eur. VI, 1, 73; Maevsk. Fl. 7th ed., fig. 269.—Exs.: GRF, No. 477; Herb. Fl. Ingr. Nos. 471b, 474b, Pl. Finl. exs. No. 940, 941, 2079; FI. exs. austro-hung. No. 3699; 3700; Herb. Norm. No. 4742, 4743. 537 471 Annual. Plant (8)15—50 cm tali, sparsely pubescent with short, white, generally retrorse setiform hairs. Stem obtusely 4-angled erect, simple or branched above; branches 9-18 cm long, generally floriferous and spread- ing. Leaves lanceolate or linear, lower 3-4 cm long, 0.3-1.2 cm broad; entire, narrowed at base into 1 mm long petiole; upper leaves 4.5-8 cm long, (0.3)0.8-1.2 cm broad, sessile, generally hastate or irregularly un- equally dentate at base; all white-puberulent on both surfaces and along margin, hairs appressed. Flowers on 0.7—1 mm long pedicels divergent in all directions, in spicate, 4-angled, dense, 1-5 cm long, 1.3-2 cm broad inflorescence. Bracts yellowish green, light purple or raspberry-red (f. purpurascens Nasar.), connivent and imbricate, orbicular-cordate or orbicular-reniform, 0.6—-1.2 cm long, 0.8-1.5 cm broad, longitudinally folded, with raised unequally cristate, sharply toothed and ciliate margin, narrowed above; lower bracts narrowed into lanceolate-linear, deflexed, entire, 3 cm long acuminate tip; bract margin covered with unicellular, antrorse hairs; upper bracts with 0.5-1 cm long, upcurved tip. Calyx 4.5-8 mm long, 3/4 as long as bract, with glabrous, 2.5-4 mm long tube, long-ciliate along ribs and with lanceolate, acute, unequal teeth; 2 upper teeth 2.5-4 mm long, 1.5 mm broad, 2 times as long as lower, falcate-deflexed; all teeth with sparse, long, 2-cellular, sharp hairs along margin. Corolla 1.3-1.5 cm long, yellowish white; lower lip slightly de- flexed, bright yellow or purple, yellow inside, or corolla raspberry-red, with bright yellow lower lip, with 3 purple-violet veins (f. purpuras- cens Nasar.). Stamens with 2.5 mm long anthers with sharp, subequal appendages. Ovary ovoid, glabrous, 2 mm long, 1.5 mm broad; style . glabrous, 6 times as long as ovary, curved above. Capsule semiglobose or oblong-ovoid, 0.8-1 cm long, 0.5—0.7 cm broad, 2 times as long as calyx, arcuate-curved, pointed, glabrous, with anterior dehiscence; valves sharp, with minute triangular hairs along margin. Seeds oblong, 4 mm long, 1.5 mm broad, dark cinnamon brown. June to September. In deciduous and rarely pine forests, marshy shrub forests, along for- est edges and in glades, floodplain forests, marsh meadows, solonetz soils, herbaceous-mixed-grass and needle-grass steppes.—European USSR: Karelia-Lapland, Dvina-Pechora, Baltic Region, Ladoga-Ilmen, Upper Volga, Volga-Kama, Upper Dnieper, Middle Dnieper, Volga-Don, Trans- Volga Region, Bessarabia, Black Sea Region, Lower Don, Upper Dniester; Caucasus: Ciscaucasia (Naurskaya): Western Siberia: all regions; East- ern Siberia: Yenisey; Soviet Central Asia: Aral- Caspian Region. General distribution: Scandinavia, Central and Atlantic Europe, Mediterranean Re- gion (western part), Balkan States-Asia Minor. Described from Northern Europe. Type in London. Subsection 2. Arvensia Ronnig. in Fritsch in Mitt. Naturw. Ver. f. Steierm. LIV (1918) 288.—Bracts ovate-lanceolate, flat, entire, dentate or 538 472 deeply dentate-cristate at base. Flowers in dense, cylindrical inflorescence. Calyx teeth equal. Capsule bilaterally, very rarely unilaterally dehiscent. Series 1. Chlorostachya Gorschk.—Calyx glabrous, puberulent only along veins, 1/2—2/3 as long as corolla. Capsule glabrous. 2. M. chlorostachyum Beauv. in Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve, 38, 6 (1916) 471; Soo in Fedde, Repert. XXIV, 137; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. II, 396; in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, XIII, 24—M. chlorostachys Hohen. Enum. Talysch. (1838) 81, nom. nud.—M. barbatum Benth. in DC. Prodr. X (1846) 583, non Waldst. and Kit——M. caucasicum Boiss. Fl. or. IV (1879) 481. non Bge.—Ic.: Beauv. lc. 472, f. XH. Annual. Plant 15-40 cm tall, pubescent with white, erect, unicellular hairs. Stem branched above, branches short, erect or recurved, sparsely leafy. Leaves ovate-lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, pubescent on both surfaces; lower leaves 3—3.5 cm long, 0.7 cm broad; upper leaves 5-6 cm long, 1-1.4 cm broad, all entire, rounded at base, sessile or with 1 mm long petioles, erect or slightly divergent. Flowers in dense, cylindrical-spicate, 3-7.5(10) cm long, 2—2.5 cm broad inflorescence. Bracts yellowish green, ovate-lanceolate or elongated-ovate, 3 cm long, 1.5 cm broad, flat, broadly cuneate at base, with a few teeth along margin and elongated, linear-oblong tooth at tip; upper bracts 1.5 cm long, 1 cm broad, with 7-9 mm long teeth. Calyx 1-1.4 cm long, with 4-6 mm long tube; tube subglabrous, with short, white, unicellular hairs only along veins; calyx teeth linear, long tapering, 7-8 mm long, elongated, erect or arcuate, puberulent along margin. Corolla light yellow or white, with 2 yellow spots, 2—2.1 cm long, villous inside and outside. Stamena with 3 mm long anthers, with unequal sharp appendages; lower 2 stamens longer than others. Ovary ovoid, 1.5 mm long, 1 mm broad, glabrous; style glabrous, 10 times as long as ovary. Capsule ovoid-lanceolate, 7-8 mm long, glabrous, unilaterally dehiscent; valve margins thickened, glabrous. Seeds oblong- ovoid, 3-6 mm long, 1.5 mm broad, opaque, dark cinnamon brown. May to June. In mountains, in light pine forests, among scrub, on northern grassy slopes, in meadows and on pebble-beds, along river banks.—Caucasus: Ciscaucasia (Batalpashinsk), Dagestan, western, eastern and southern Transcaucasia. Endemic. Described from Khanlar. Type in Leningrad. Series 2. Caucasicae Gorschk—Calyx densely pubescent with long hairs, 2/5—1/2 as long as corolla. Capsule setose. 3. M. caucasicum Bge. in Mem. Acad. Sc. Petersb. 6 ser. VII (1858) 594; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 481; Schmalh. Fl. II, 291; Soo in Fedde, Repert. XXIV, 136; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 396—WM. barbatum Ldb. FI. 539 473 Ross. III (1847-1849) 305, p.p., non Benth.: Schmalh. Fl. II, 292—Ic.: Beauv. in Mem. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Geneve, 28, 6, f. XXII. Annual. Plant 20-40 cm tall, puberulent. Stem erect, simple or branched, branches long, spreading. Leaves coriaceous, ovate-lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, 2.5-4.5(5) cm long, 0.6—1 cm broad, or 3-4 mm broad (subvar. b. stenophyllum Beauv.), or 1.5 cm broad (f. latifolium Gorschk.), long tapering at base, sessile, entire or subdentate. Flowers sessile, divergent in all directions, in sparse, 5-12 cm long, 3-5 cm broad, subcylindrical-spicate inflorescence. Bracts green or light-red, ovate- lanceolate; upper bracts broadly spatulate at end, not punctate, 1.5-2.5 cm long, 0.5—0.8 cm broad; lower bracts dentate at base, upper deeply cristate- dentate, teeth 6-7 mm long, all covered with white, minute, appressed hairs on both surfaces and along margin. Calyx 0.8-1.2 cm long; tube 4-6 mm long, glabrous at base, densely pubescent above with long, flat, multicellular, white or brown hairs; calyx teeth tapering deltoid, pointed or lanceolate-subulate, 4-6 mm long, green, equaling or slightly exceed- ing tube, long-ciliate along margin. Corolla light yellow or light-red, 2—-3.2 cm long, with yellow or whitish ring below throat, densely covered with short, bicellular hairs, outside and with conical multicellular hairs inside. Anthers 2.5—3 mm long, with subequal sharp-pointed appendages. Ovary oblong, 2-3 mm long, 1.5 mm broad, glabrous; style 5—7 times as long as ovary, villous above on one side. Capsule elliptical-oblong, about 8 mm long, subfalcate, apiculate, densely pilose, 2-seeded, rarely 4-seeded, bilaterally dehiscent, valve margins thickened, rarely pilose. Seeds oblong-ovoid, 6 mm long, 1.5 mm broad, dark cinnamon brown. June to July (Plate XXVI, fig. 3). In mountains (up to 2800 m), in oak forests, among scrub, on dry slopes, in subalpine meadows.—Caucasus: Dagestan, western Transcau- casia (Gagrinsk Range), eastern and southern Transcaucasia. Endemic. Described from Persati. 4. M. alboffianum Beauv. in Mem. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve, 38, 6 (1916) 521; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 396.—M. caucasicum Alboff, Prodr. Fl. Colch. (1895) 195, nomen. non Bge.—M. caucasicum Bee. ssp. albof- fianum (Beauv.) Soo in Fedde, Repert. XXIV (1927) 136.—M. grossheimii K.-Pol. nomen in herb.—Ic.: Beauv. l.c. 418, 520, 521. Annual. Plant 3-10(15) cm tall, densely covered throughout with white and sometimes rusty yellow multicellular hairs. Stem erect, simple or branched above. Leaves spaced, ovate-lanceolate or narrowly lanceo- late, 2.5-3.5 cm long, 0.4-0.5 cm broad, acute; lower leaves elliptical- lanceolate, 1.2 cm long, 0.6 mm [sic], broad, obtuse, tapering toward base, with 1.5 mm long, puberulent petioles; all leaves sparsely puberulent on both surfaces. Flowers subsessile, in spicate ovoid-globose, 2-4.5 cm 540 474 long, 1.8-3 cm broad inflorescence. Bracts ovate-lanceolate, acute, green, somewhat light red, sparsely puberulent on both surfaces; lower bracts 2-3.2 cm long, 0.4 cm broad; upper and middle bracts 1.5 cm long, 1 cm broad; all bracts cuneate-tapering, entire or falcate-dentate at base, teeth 2-4 mm long. Calyx 8 mm long, tube 3.5 mm long, glabrous at base, somewhat densely hispid from middle, covered with bi-cellular hairs; ca- lyx teeth deltoid, pointed, elongated, 5 mm long, slightly exceeding tube, covered with long, white, multicellular hairs. Corolla yellow or somewhat light red, 1.4-1.8 cm long, 2 times as long as calyx, densely covered outside with minute, conical, lanate hairs, inside with simple acerose hairs. Anthers 3 mm long, with sharply pointed, subequal appendages. Ovary oblong, 3 mm long, 1.5 mm broad, glabrous; style 4 times as long as ovary, hairy on one side above. Capsule oblong-ovoid, 6 mm long, 2-2.5 mm broad, cinnamon brown, with small acute beak, glabrous below, densely puberulent above. June to August. In alpine zone, on stony slopes and in glades, among scrub, in meadows.—Caucasus: western Transcaucasia. Endemic. Described from Adzharia, Khino Mountains. Type in Geneva. Series 3. Euarvensia Gorschk.—Calyx puberulent, 2/3 as long as corolla; capsule glabrous. 5. M. arvense L. Sp. pl. (1753) 605; M.B. FI. taur.-cauc. II, 71; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 383; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 304; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 480; Schmalh. Fl. II, 291; Soo in Fedde, Repert. XXIV, 130; Grossh. FI. Kavk. III, 397.—M. purpurascens Gilib. Fl. lith. I (1781) 130.—M. ar- vense vat. purpurascens (Gilib.) Litw. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. Nouv. sér. II (1889) 111.—M. arvense subsp. schinzii Ronnig. ap. Schinz and Keller. Fl. Suisse, ed. 3, I (1909) 580.—M. schinzii (Ronnig.) Stank. in Stank. and Tal. Opred. vyssh. rast. Evrop. ch. (1949) 823.—M. arvense subsp. semleri Ronnig. and Poeverl. in Allg. Bot. Zeitschr. XIII (1907) 179.—M. semleri (Ronnig. and Poeverl.) Stank. I.c.—Ic.: Hegi, Illustr. FI. Mittel-Eur. VI, 1 tab. 241; Sorn. rast. SSSR, IV, fig. 416.—Exs.: Pl. Finl. exs. No. 942, 943; Fl. exs. Reipubl. Boh.-Slov. No. 472; Fl. Boh. and Morav. exs. No. 973. Annual. Plant 15—50 cm tall, covered with minute, white often sparse, appressed hairs. Stem erect, cylindrical, branched; branches slender, pro- jecting upward. Leaves lanceolate, 2-6(7) cm long, 5-8 mm broad, or broadly lanceolate, 1 cm broad, thick, somewhat fleshy (subvar. schinzii Beauv.), or linear, 2-5 mm broad (subvar. semleri Beauv.), long acumi- nate, entire or with 2-4 long, acute teeth, subsessile or sometimes with 2 mm long petioles, covered on both surfaces with short white hairs. Flowers on 1 mm long pedicels, divergent in all directions, in long, dense, 3.5—10(14). cm long, 2—2.5 cm broad cylindrical-spicate inflorescence. 54 — 475 Bracts ovate-lanceolate, pinkish purple (1.7)2—2.5 cm long, 0.3-0.7 cm broad, almost equaling calyx or slightly longer, deeply cristate-dentate; teeth 3-8 mm long, long acuminate, sometimes with 2 rows of black or brown scaly points in lower part, secreting nectar, glabrous or sometimes puberulent and ciliate along margin. Calyx 1.2—2 cm long, generally densely pubescent; tube 6-8 mm long calyx teeth 0.6—1.4 cm long, linear barbate, subulate, often arcuate, almost equaling corolla tube. Corolla purple, 2—2.5(3) cm long, densely covered outside with white, 2-cellular, lanate hairs, inside with somewhat sparse, cylindrical, multicellular hairs; lower lip with yellow spots; corolla with white or pale sky-blue ring inside below throat. Anthers 4.5 mm long, with sharp-pointed, subequal or sometimes unequal appendages; appendages in lower anthers slightly longer than others. Ovary obovoid, 2 mm long, 1.2 mm broad, glabrous, cinnamon brown; style 5 times as long as ovary, glabrous or sometimes sparsely hairy above. Capsule obovoid, 0.8—1 cm long, 4-4.5 mm broad, 1/2—2/3 as long as calyx, with small curved beak, glabrous, dehiscent by 2 valves; valves thickened along margin, glabrous or rarely puberulent. Seeds oblong, 3-4.5 mm long, 1.5—2.5 mm broad, obtuse, dark cinnamon brown, opaque. May to September. In mixed and oak forests, birch groves forest glades, in forest, forest-steppe and subalpine meadows. In mountains up to 1200-1500 m. Sometimes as weeds.—European USSR: Baltic Region, Ladoga-IImen, Upper Volga, Volga-Kama, Upper Dnieper, Middle Dnieper, Volga-Don, Trans-Volga Region, Upper Dniester, Bessarabia, Black Sea Region, Crimea, Lower Don, Lower Volga; Caucasus: Ciscaucasia, Dagestan, western, eastern and southern Transcaucasia; Western Siberia: Upper Tobol. General distribution: Scandinavia; Central Europe. Described from Western Europe. Type in London. Note. Seeds have fleshy appendage, which attracts ants, who drag them to anthills, thus promoting distribution of this species (myrmecochory). Economic importance: Seeds are similar in form, size, and in the initial stage, color, to wheat grain; later they darken. Mature seeds contain rinantine, which is poisonous to cattle. If mixed in large quantity with bread grains, they give an intensive violet color to the flour. 6. M. argyrocomum Fisch. ex Steudel. Nomencl. Bot. ed. 2, II (1841) 113.—M. arvense #. bracteis florib. pallidis M.B. Fi. taur.-cauc. II: (1808) 71; Lindem. Fl. Chers. II, 64——M. arvense 8. argyrocomum Fisch. in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III (1847-1849) 305.—M. arvense (3. argyroco- mum Fisch. in Hoffm. Herb. Viv. I (1825) 239, nom. nud; C.A.M. Verz. Pflanz. Cauc. Casp. Meer, 107, nom. nud.—. arvense ssp. argyrocomum (Fisch.) K.-Pol. in Tr. Vor. Gos. univ. II, 2 (1925) 261.—M. arvense var. impunctatum Godr. Fl. Lorr. III (1844) 233. M. arvense var. albiflorum 542 476 Celak. Pr. Fl. Boh. (1881) 830.—M. arvense subsp. pseudobarbatum Schur. in Verhandl. Siebenbiirg. Vereins IV (1853) 56, emend. Wettst. in Denkschr. Akad. Wissensch. LXX (1900) 332; Sorn. rast. SSSR, IV, 123.—M. cretaceum Czern. in Tr. Bot. sada, IX (1884) 79.—Exs.: GRF, No. 125; Herb. norm. No. 3067, 5304. Annual. Plant 25-40 cm tall, puberulent with minute, white, gener- ally sparse, appressed hairs. Stem 4-angled, cylindrical at base, branched, branches projecting. Leaves narrowly lanceolate, 2-4 cm long, 5-8 mm broad, long acuminate, entire or with 2—4 acute, long teeth, sessile or sometimes with 2 mm long petioles, puberulent on both surfaces. Flowers on 1 mm long pedicels, divergent in all directions, in sparse, cylindrical 2.5-8 cm long, 2—2.5 cm broad spicate inflorescence. Bracts oblong- ovate, 2 cm long, 0.5-0.7 cm broad, long acuminate, with elongated, 5-8 mm long teeth, ciliate along margin; upper bracts white or pale yellow; all bracts with 2 rows of black or brown dots in lower part. Calyx 0.6-1.5 cm long, white puberulent, with (2)4.5 mm long tube and linear-subulate, (0.4)1.1 cm long pointed teeth almost equaling corolla tube. Corolla pale yellow or almost white, 1.2—-1.7 cm long, with lower lip equaling upper, white-villous outside, diffusely pilose inside. Anthers 3.5 mm long, with sharp-pointed subequal appendages. Ovary obovoid, 2 mm long, 1 mm broad, glabrous; style 8 times as long as ovary, glabrous or sometimes diffusely pilose above. Capsule obovoid, 6 mm long, 4 mm broad, falcate-recurved, 1-2 seeded, glabrous. Seeds oblong, 5-6 mm long, 2 mm broad, brown, smooth. June to July. Needle-grass, herbaceous-mixed-grass and bushy steppe.—European USSR: Middle Dnieper, Volga-Don, Trans-Volga Region, Upper Dniester, Bessarabia, Black Sea Region, Crimea, Lower Don, Lower Volga; West- ern Siberia: Upper Tobol (Chkalovsk Province and Aktyubinsk River, at Karapasta). General distribution: Central Europe. Described from Saratov. Type in Leningrad. Note. The typical steppe plant M. argyrocomum differs from M. arvens L. by having white or pale yellow bracts and a generally falcate-recurved corolla and capsule. 7. M. elatius Reuter in Bourg. exs. No. 1862 ex Boiss. FI. or. IV, (1879) 480; Soo in Fedde, Repert. XXIV, 135; Grossh. FI. Kavk. III, 397.—M. arvense 3. elatius Boiss. |.c. 480.—M. arvense ssp. elatius Beauv. in Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Geneve, 38, 6 (1916) 524.—M. arvense ssp. barbatum (W. and K.) Beauv. var. erivanicum Beauv. l.c. 536.—M. arvensis 3. linifolium C. Koch in Linnaea, XXII (1849) 679.—Ic.: Beauv. l.c. 446, f. VIII, 2. Annual. Plant 30-60 cm tall, covered with white, sparse, erect, _ retrorse hairs. Stem 3 mm in diameter, branches generally slender, 543 544 477 elongated up to 25 cm, slightly divergent or sometimes suberect. Leaves narrowly lanceolate, (3)3.5—5 cm long, 0.5—1 cm broad, or linear, 2-3 mm broad .(f. linifolium Beauv.), spaced, long acuminate, entire, subsessile, rarely with upto 2 mm long, petioles, covered on both surfaces with diffuse, white, short, appressed hairs. Flowers subsessile in long, spicate- cylindrical, 2.5—7.5 cm long, 1.5 cm broad, lax inflorescence. Bracts ovate- lanceolate, yellowish green, with somewhat dark-brown dots, 1.5-3 cm long, 1 cm broad, connivent, cristate-dentate at base, long acuminate above. Calyx 1-1.2 cm long, with 4 mm long tube, ciliate along veins and with 8 mm long aristate teeth ciliate along margin in lower part, pilulose above. Corolla 1.5—2 cm long, purple, pilose outside; lower lip with yellow lobes, lobes sometimes spotted. Anthers 4.5 mm long, with sharp-pointed, equal or sometimes unequal appendages. Ovary 2 mm long, 1 mm broad, glabrous; style 7 times as long as ovary. Capsule obovoid, 0.6—1 cm long, 44.5 mm broad, slightly shorter than calyx, glabrous, with small curved beak, with thickened valve margin, glabrous. Seeds whitish, 4 mm long, 1.5—2 mm broad, oblong, opaque. June to July. In mountains, among scrub, in glades, to middle zone at 800— 1800 m. —Caucasus: Ciscaucasia, western and southern Transcaucasia. General distribution: Asia Minor. Described from vicinity of Trabzon. Type in Leningrad. Section 2. Laxiflora (Wettst.) Soo in Fedde, Repert. XXIV (1927) 146.—Sect. Eumelampyrum subsect. Laxiflora Wettst. in Pflanzenfam. IV, 3b (1895) 99.—Sect. Obtusisepalum Wettst. 1.c. 99 —Flowers unilateral, in spicate, sparse, elongated, compound inflorescence. Subsection 1. Nemorosa Soo in Javorka, Magyar Fl. (1925) 1007. —Bracts colored. Corolla yellow or pink, 1-1.5 cm long, with somewhat open mouth. Capsule bilaterally dehiscent. Series 4. Eunemorosa Soo in Fedde, Repert. XXIV (1927) 146.—Corolla yellow. European plant. 8. M. nemorosum L. Sp. pl. (1753) 605; M.B. Fl. taur.-cauc II, 71; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 583; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 305; Boiss, Fl. or. IV, 481; Schmalh. Fl. II, 291; Soo in Fedde, Repert. XXIV, 146; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2471.—M. coerulescens Gilib. FI. lith. 1 (1781) 131.—M. coeruleum Guldenst. Reise, I (1787) 424.—M. moravicum H. Braun in Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. XXXIV (1884) 422M. nemorosum subsp. moravicum (H. Braun) Ronning. in Vierteljahrschr. Naturf. Gesellsch. in Zurich. TV (1910) 314.—M. nemorosum var. latifolium Neilreich subvar. b) moravicum Beauv. in Mém. Soc. Phys. and Hist. Nat. Geneve, 38, 6 (1916) 559.—M. nemorosum var. Stiriacum Beauv. and f. nanum and f. microphyllum Beauv. I.c. 557, 558.—M. nemorosum subsp. typicum Ganesch. in Tr. Bot. muz. XVI (1916) 123.—M. nemorosum subsp. zingeri Ganesch. |.c. 124.—M. nemorosum vat. _ 478 545 (morpha) angustifolium Ganesch. l.c. 124.—Ic.: Fedtsch. and Fler. Fl. Evrop. Ross. 870. fig. 827; Syreistsch. Ill. fl. Mosk. gub. II, 172; Hegi. Illustr. Fl. Mittel-Eur. VI, 1, tab. 241;Ganeschin l.c. tabl. 12; Beauv. l.c.f. XX VI.—Exs.: GRF, No. 2560; Pl. Finl. exs. No. 944, 1340; Fl. pol. exs. No. 471; Fl Boh. and Morav. exs. No. 682; FI. lith. exs. No. 76; Herb. norm. No. 877, 2243; Herb. Fl. Ingr. No. 474; Fl. exs. Reipubl. Boh.-Slov. No. 479. Annual. Plant 15-50 cm tall, puberulent with multicellular white hairs. Stem erect, generally branched, with elongated and somewhat spreading branches, covered with recurved white hairs; hairs short in lower part, denser and longer above. Leaves narrow, ovate-lanceolate, 3—5(10) cm long, 0.5—2(4) cm broad, long acuminate; base rounded-cordate, truncate or generally narrowed into 1-2 mm long petiole, entire, rarely with au- ricles and 1—2 teeth at base, subglabrous above, diffusely pilose beneath. Flowers on 1 mm long pubescent pedicels, singly in bract axils, unilateral, in 7-17 cm long, 2—2.5 cm broad lax spicate raceme. Bracts connivent, opposite, ovate-cordate or ovate-lanceolate, 1-3 cm long, 0.6-1.8 cm broad, lanceolate-acuminate, bluish violet, cristate-dentate along mar- gin, with lanceolate-subulate, long and slender acuminate, 1-3 mm long teeth, very rarely entire, pubescent at base and covered along veins with long, multicellular, white hairs. Calyx 0.8—1 cm long, villous-lanate, with 4—5 mm long tube; calyx teeth lanceolate-subulate, 4-5 mm long, 1 mm broad, slender, long acuminate, patent, pubescent along veins and margin with long, white, multicellular hairs. Corolla bright yellow, 1.2—-2 cm long, with reddish curved tube, villous outside, sparsely pilose inside; upper lip slightly shorter than lower, bright purple lip. Anthers 3.3 mm long, with sharp-pointed unequal appendages. Ovary glabrous, 2 mm long, 1 mm broad; style 6 times as long as ovary, pilose above. Capsule oblong or elliptical-lanceolate, 0.6—0.7(1) cm long, 44.5 mm broad, pointed, glabrous, bilaterally dehiscent, valve margins thickened, smooth. Seeds 5—6 mm long, 1.5—1.8 mm broad, blackish. May to September. In deciduous forests, along forest edges, among scrub; in moist, ‘marshy and turfy meadows and along calcareous slopes.—European USSR: Karelia-Lapland, Dvina-Pechora, Baltic Region, Ladoga-IImen, Upper Volga, Volga-Kama, Upper Dnieper, Middle Dnieper, Volga-Don, Upper Dniester, Bessarabia, Black Sea Region, Lower Don; Eastern Siberia: Angara-Sayan (in vicinity of Irkutsk, 40 km along road to Kultuk. Introduced. Reported by M.G. Popov). General distribution: Scandinavia, Central Europe, Western Mediterranean Region. Described from northern Europe. Type in London. 9. M. polonicum (Beauv.) Sod in Fedde, Repert. XXIII (1926) 163, nom. nud.; XXIV (1927) 156.—M. nemorosum ssp. nemorosum Beauv. var. polonicum Beauv. and f. depauperatum Beauv. in Mém. Soc. 546 479 Phys. Hist. Nat. Geneve, 38, 6 (1916) 555M. nemorosum ssp. typicum Ganesch. var. angustifolium Ganesch. in Tr. bot. muz, XVI (1916) 124. Annual. Stem 30-70 cm tall, sparsely covered with white, appressed hairs or sometimes subglabrous, simple or branched, branches elon- gated. Leaves elliptical-lanceolate or lanceolate; 6 cm long, 0.6-1.5 cm broad or broader, 1.5—2.5 cm (f. galianum Soo), or narrower, linear or linear-lanceolate, 2-4 cm long, 0.2-0.5(0.6) cm broad (var. angus- tifolium Ganesch.), long acuminate, somewhat connivent, glabrous or sparsely hairy above, hispid or sometimes densely pilose beneath. Flow- ers subsessile or on 1 mm long pedicels, unilateral, in 9 cm long, 1 cm broad lax spicate raceme. Bracts lanceolate, 1.5—-9 cm long, 1-1.7 cm broad, deeply dentate, bluish violet, sparsely pilose. Calyx 8.5-9 mm long; tube 3—-3.5 mm long, glabrous or short- or long- ciliate along veins; calyx teeth narrow, lanceolate, spreading, 5.5 mm long, with short or long, 3—4-cellular, white hairs along margin. Corolla 1.3-1.8 cm long. In other respects, similar to M. nemorosa (nemorosum) L. June to July. In forests and among scrub.—European USSR: Baltic Region, Ladoga-Ilmen, Upper Volga, Middle Dnieper. General distribution: Central Europe (eastern part). Described from Lvov Region. Type in Geneva. Series 5. Rosea Soo in Fedde, Repert. XXIV (1927) 163.—Corolla pink or red, violet when dry. Asian plant. 10. M. roseum Maxim. Prim. Fl. Amur. (1859) 210; Kom. Fl. Manchzh, : III, 438; Kom. and Alis. Opred. rast. Dalnevost. kr. II, 929; Sod in Fedde, Repert, XXIV, 161.—WM. iedoense Mia. in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. II (1865) 122.—M. roseum ssp. euroseum Beauv. in Mém. Soc. Phys. and Hist. Nat. Geneve, 38, 6 (1916) 546—WM. roseum var. typicum Fr. and Sav. Enum. pl. jap. II (1875) 461.—M. roseum var. setaceum Maxim. f. latifolium Beauv. l.c. 547, non Nakai.—Ic.: Kom. and Allis. l.c. tabl. 277; Beauv. I.c. 545. Annual. Plant (17)35-60 cm tall, hispid, sparsely covered with white, unicellular hairs. Stem angular, erect, branched, branches suberect or arcuate. Leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, 4-6 cm long, 1.2-1.5(2.5) cm broad, or 5-8 mm broad (f. beauverdii Soo), rounded or hastate-cordate at base, with 5-8 mm long petioles, spreading, entire. Flowers numerous, on 1 mm long pedicels, unilateral, in interrupted inflo- rescence, 5-13 cm long, 1.5 cm broad. Bracts green or somewhat purple, ovate or oblong, 2 cm long, 1 cm broad; lower bracts entire or some- times subdentate, upper generally long subulate-dentate, teeth 1-2 mm long, twisted, spaced. Calyx 3 mm long; tube 1.5 mm long, pubescent, or asperate or long-ciliate along veins, covered with multicellular white hairs (var. hirsutum Beauv.) and with deltoid-lanceolate teeth, almost 549 480 equaling or slightly exceeding tube, acute or subulate-acuminate, sub- falcate. Corolla 1.5 cm long, dark pink, diffusely puberulent; upper lip short, compressed, entire; lower lip scarcely longer, 3-lobed, all lobes orbicular, middle slightly smaller than others. Anthers 3.5 mm long, with minute, subequal, sharply pointed appendages. Ovary ovoid, 2 mm long, 1 mm broad, glabrous; style 7 times as long as ovary, glabrous. Capsule elliptical-lanceolate or ovoid, 0.8-1 cm long, 3.5—-5 mm broad, apiculate, falcate-arcuate, glabrous at base, densely white-puberulent from middle; valve margin covered with white acerate hairs. Seeds light brownish yellow, 4-5 mm long, 1-1.3 mm broad, oblong, smooth. July to August (Plate XXVI. fig. 1). In deciduous and mixed forests; in forest mixed-grass and sedge- reedgrass meadows and as weed in pastures, near cultivated fields and roads.—Soviet Far East: Ussuri, Zeya-Bureya. General distribution: China, Japan. Described from Khaitso (Ussuri River Basin). Type in Leningrad. 11. M. setaceum (Maxim.) Nakai in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXIII (1909) 9.—M.-roseum var. setaceum Maxim. ex Palibin in Tr. Bot. sada, XVIII (1900) 22.—M. setaceum var. genuinum Nakai, l.c. 9.—M. roseum Maxim. ssp. euroseum Beauv. var. y. setaceum maxim. f. genuinum Beauv. in Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve, 38, 6 (1916) 547.—M. setosum Kom. in Kom. and Alis. Opred. rast. Dalnevost. kr. II (1932) 929, non Nakai—Ic.: Hayek in Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XCIV, tab. 7, fig. 9. Annual. Plant 30-45 cm tall, sparsely covered with short, white, unicellular, somewhat appressed hairs. Stem erect, angular, generally densely hispid, branched, sometimes branches densely crowded (f. conges- tum Nakai); branches slender, erect or sometimes arcuate. Leaves linear- lanceolate, 2-6 cm long, 1.5-3 mm broad, or lanceolate-linear and sometimes almost ovate, 5-8 mm broad ({3. latifolium Nakai), acuminate, entire at base, hastate-falcate, with 2-5 mm long petioles, spreading, glabrous or hispid along margin. Flowers numerous, on 1 mm long pedicels, generally unilateral, in interrupted, 2.5-4.5 cm long, 1.5-2 cm broad spicate inflorescence. Bracts green or pink, lanceolate-linear, sometimes almost ovate (3. latifolium Nakai), acute, 1.3-2.2 cm long, 1.5-2 mm broad, setose-dentate, setae 5-6 mm long, spreading. Calyx 3-5 mm long, with 1.5-2.5 mm long, white-puberulent tube and linear, subulate, 1.5-2.7 mm long teeth; upper teeth longer than lower, all puberulent along margin. Corolla pink, 0.6-1.2 cm long, puberulent, with 7-8 mm long tube; upper lip equaling lower or slightly shorter, densely barbate along margin; lower lip 3-lobed above, lobes ovate or oblong, equal. Anthers 3.5 mm long, barbate at base, with subequal, sharp-pointed appendages. Ovary ovoid, 2 mm long, 1.2 mm broad, 550 481 glabrous; style slender, 7 times as long as ovary, smooth, curved above. Capsule ovoid-lanceolate, 5-7 mm long, 4 mm broad, apiculate, slightly setose, smooth at base; valve margins pubescent with spiniform hairs. Seeds oblong, 4-5 mm long, 1—1.3 mm broad, brownish, smooth. July. In oak forests, in logging areas, in pine and oak forests on mud cones, among scrub along river banks. Soviet Far East: Ussuri, Zeya-Bureya. General distribution: China, Korea, Japan. Described from Seoul. Cotype in Leningrad. Subsection 2. Silvatica Soo in Javorka, Magyar. Fl. (1925) 1009.—Bracts green. Corolla generally yellow, 0.8—1 cm long, with open mouth. Capsule bilaterally dehiscent. 12. M. silvaticum L. Sp. pl. (1753) 605; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 584; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 306; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 482; Schmalh. Fl. II, 292; Soo in Fedde, Repert. XXIV, 167; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2473.—WM. hyans Gilib. FI. lith. 1 (1781) 131; Exerc. Phyt. I (1792) 131.—M. silvaticum ssp. inter- medium Ronnig. and Schinz in Schinz and Keller, Fl. Suisse, ed. 3, I (1909) 521.—M. intermedium (Ronnig.) Stank. in Stank. i Tal. Opred. vyssh. rast. Evrop. ch. (1949) 823.—M. silvaticum ssp. aestivale Ronnig. ap. Schinz and Keller, l.c. 521.—M. aestivale (Ronnig.) Stank. l.c.—Ic.: Hegi, Illustr. FI. Mittel-Eur. VI, 1, tab. 241; Beauv. in Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Geneve, 38, 6,577, f. XX VUI.—Exs.: GRF, No. 331; Herb. Fl. Ingr. No. 476; Pl. Finl. exs. No. 947, 948, 1341; Fl. pol..exs. No. 6647, 665°. Annual. Plant (8)10-40 cm tall, subglabrous or sparsely covered with short, white, retrorse hairs. Stem glabrous or pubescent, simple, erect, or branched, with erect, long, recurved branches. Leaves elliptical, 3-7 cm long, 0.4—1 cm broad or 1—1.2 cm broad (f. latifolium Hartm.) or linear-lanceolate, 2-3 mm broad (f. angustifolium Hartm.), long acumi- nate, entire, subsessile or with 1 mm long petioles, glabrous or sparsely white-puberulent on both surfaces and ciliate along margin. Flowers on pubescent pedicels, singly in upper leaf and bract axils, in unilateral, spi- cate, 1.5—11 cm long, 0.8—1.5 cm broad lax raceme. Bracts similar in shape to leaves, lanceolate or linear- lanceolate, 2-6 cm long, 3—7 mm broad, entire, or upper bracts with 1—2 short, ovate-lanceolate, spreading, acute teeth at base. Calyx 4-7 mm long, pubescent, with 2-3 mm long tube; calyx teeth ovate-lanceolate, acute, 24 mm long, spreading, puberulent along veins and margin. Corolla golden or dark yellow, 0.8—-1 cm long, with strongly curved tube; upper lip equaling lower. Anthers 1-1.5 mm long, with equal sharp-pointed appendages. Ovary elliptical, 1.5-2 mm long, 1 mm broad; style 4—5 times as long as ovary, glabrous. Capsule elliptical-lanceolate or ovoid, apiculate, suberect, 7-8 mm long, 4.5 mm broad, almost equaling calyx, cinnamon brown, glabrous, with thickened, 482 551 483 glabrous valve margins. Seeds oblong, 5—6 mm long, 2 mm broad, smooth, brownish. June to August (Plate XXVI, fig. 2). In coniferous and mixed forests, among scrub along banks of rivers and lakes, in forest meadows and marshes.—Arctic Region: Arctic Europe; European USSR: Karelia-Lapland, Dvina-Pechora, Baltic Region, Ladoga- Ilmen, Upper Volga, Volga-Kama, Upper Dnieper. General distribution: Scandinavia, Central Europe, Western Mediterranean Region, Balkan States-Asia Minor. Described from Western Europe. Type in London. Note. S.S. Stankov (Stank. and Tal. l.c. 823) considers the Ural moun- tains as the possible locality of M. laricetorum Kern. It is difficult to agree with him, since this species is the same as M. carpaticum Schult., dis- tributed in mountainous regions of Scandinavia, Central Europe and the Balkan States. 13. M. herbichii Woloszczak. Spraw, Kom. Fiz. XXI (1887) 133; M.G. Popov. Ocherk. rast. i fl. Karpat, 234.—M. silvaticum ssp. herbichit (Woloszczak.) Soo in Fedde. Repert. XXIV (1927) 174.—M. silvaticum ssp. saxosum (Baumg.) var. herbichii Beauv. in Mem. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Geneve, 38, 6 (1916) 582. Annual. Plant 12-25 cm tall, white-pubescent. Stem erect or branched; branches slender, erect, somewhat appressed; stem and branches pubescent with long, white, generally recurved hairs. Leaves linear-lanceolate, 3 cm long, 0.5—0.6 cm broad, acuminate, appressed-puberulent on both surfaces and along margin, with 1-1.5 mm long petioles. Flowers few, on 1.5 mm long puberulent pedicels, singly in unilateral, very sparse, spicate inflo- rescence, 3-11 cm long, 1.5—2 cm broad. Bracts green, linear-lanceolate, 0.8-2.7 cm long, 1.5—-4 mm broad, long acuminate, narrowed into 1 mm long petioles, entire, or upper bracts with 1 small, lanceolate, acute tooth at base on each side. Calyx 5 mm long, pubescent, with 2.5 mm long tube and lanceolate-aristate, 2.5 mm long teeth. Corolla bright yellow, 0.8-1.2 cm long, lower lip light-red, spotted, pink or brownish in mature flower; tube broadened, throat open. Anthers 2.5 mm long, with equal sharply pointed appendages. Ovary ovoid, 1.5 mm long, 1 mm broad, smooth; style slen- der, 6 times as long as ovary, glabrous. Capsule elliptical-lanceolate, 9 mm long, slightly exceeding calyx, with rostrate mucro, glabrous, with thick- ened valve margins. Seeds oblong, cinnamon brown, 5—6 mm long, 2 mm broad. June to August. Plate XXVI. 1. Melampyrum roseum Maxim., upper portion of plant, flower, leaf, capsule, bract—2. M. silvaticum L., upper portion of plant, capsule, corolla, calyx, bract, leaf —3. M. caucasicum Bge., upper portion of plant, calyx, corolla, capsule, bract, leaf. 552 484 European USSR: Upper Dniester (eastern Carpathian Range; Rakhov, Menchul Mountain; Mukachev Sector, Pikui Mountain). General distribu- tion: Central Europe (north eastern Carpathians, Transylvania). Described from Carpathian mountains. Type in Cracow. 14. M. saxosum Baumg. Enum. Stirp. Trans. II (1861) 199; M.G. Popov, Ocherk. rast. i fl. Karpat, 233.—M. silvaticum ssp. saxosum (Baumg.) Beauv. in Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve, 38, 6 (1916) 581.—Exs.: Herb. norm. No. 1842; Fl. pol. exs. No. 472; Fl. exs. austro- hung. No. 629.—Ic.: Hegi, Illustr. Fl. Mittel-Eur. VI, I, 77, f. 45 d, e. Annual. Plant 10-35 cm tall, glabrous. Stem simple or branched. Leaves lanceolate, 3 cm long, 0.3-1 cm broad, with 2 mm long peti- oles, glabrous, acuminate. Flowers numerous on glabrous, 1.5 mm long pedicels, in unilateral, 3.5-7 cm long, sparse raceme. Bracts linear- lanceolate or lanceolate, 2.5-4(5) cm long, 0.5—0.7 cm broad, long- acuminate; lower bracts entire, upper with 1-2 small, ovate-lanceolate, acute, spreading teeth at base. Calyx 5-6 mm long, pubescent, with 2.5-3 mm long tube and with ovate-lanceolate, 2.5—-3 mm long, acute, spreading teeth, puberulent along veins and margin. Corolla milk-white, 0.8—1.2 cm long; lower lip with 5 dark-red or violet stripes or with 3 stripes and 2 orange spots; throat open, tube curved. Anthers 2.5 mm long, with equal mucronate appendages. Ovary ellipsoid, 2.5 mm long, 1.5 mm broad, glabrous; style 34.5 times as long as ovary. Capsule elliptical lanceolate, 4.5-6 mm long, 2—2.5 mm broad, equaling calyx or slightly shorter, acute, suberect, glabrous, with thickened, glabrous valve margin. Seeds oblong, 5 mm long, 2 mm broad, dark brown. June to August. In mountains, glades, among dwarf growth——European USSR: Upper Dniester (mountains along Upper Tissa in Gutsulshina: Marmarosh, Pop- Ivan, Stog Mountains). General distribution: Central Europe (northeastern and eastern Carpathian mountains). Described from Transylvania. Type in Vienna. Subsection 3. Pratensia Soc in Javorka, Magyar. Fl. (1925) 1609.—Bracts green. Corolla yellow or golden-yellow, 1.4—1.8 cm long, with closed throat. Capsule unilaterally dehiscent. 15. M. pratense L. Sp. pl. (1753) 605; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 583; Ldb. FI. Ross. III, 306; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 482; Schmalh. Fl. II, 291; Soo in Fedde, Repert. XXIV, 176; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2472—M. vulgatum Pers. Synops. II (1807) 151.—W. pratense ssp. vulgatum (Pers.) Ronnig. in Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Gesellsch. in Zurich LV (1910) 321.—M. pratense ssp. vulgatum var. vulgatum Beauv. in Mém. Soc. Phy. Hist. Nat. Genéve, 38, 6 (1916) 502.—M. pratense var. vulgatum Beck. Fl. Nied. Oesterr. (1893) 1096.—M. hastatum Gilib. FI. lith. I (1781) 131. Marinella vulgaris SBS) 485 Bubani, Fl. Pyr. (1897) 202.—Ic.: Syreistsch. Ill. fl. Mosk. gub. III, 173; Beauv. l.c. 418 and 477; Hegi. Illustr. Fl. Mittel-Eur. VI, 1, tab. 244; Sturm, FI. Deutschl. ed. 2, X, 188—Exs.: Herb. Fl. Ingr. No. 475, 475°. Pl. Finl. Exs. No. 945, 946; FI. pol. exs. No. 665; Herb. norm. No. 1841, 4748, 4749; Fl. exs. austro-hung. No. 630, 631, 3698. Annual. Plant 15—30(60) cm tall. Stem glabrous or pubescent in up- per part with sparse, short, white retrorse hairs, erect, simple or branched, with 1-2 pairs of slender branches. Leaves ovate-lanceolate or linear- lanceolate, 4-9 cm long, 0.5-1.2 cm broad or 0.3 cm broad (var. sibir- icum Beauv.), long-acuminate, entire or upper leaves sometimes sparsely dentate at base, narrowed into 1-1.5 mm long petiole or sessile, glabrous or diffusely pilose on both surfaces, covered with short rigid ciliae along margin. Flowers on 1-2 mm long glabrous pedicels, erect, later horizon- tally unilaterally divergent, in sparse, 2-7 cm long, 1 cm broad race- mose inflorescence. Bracts similar to leaves in shape, ovate-lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 1.7 cm long, 0.4 cm broad; lower bracts rounded at base, entire or slightly sinuate-dentate; upper bracts cuneate at base, with 1-2 or several subulate-linear teeth or all bracts entire (var. integerrimum Doell.). Calyx 7 mm long, subglabrous, with 3 mm long tube, some- times sparsely pilose along veins (var. sibiricum Beauv.) and with linear- subulate teeth; teeth tapering upward, subequal, 4(5) mm long, shorter than corolla tube, sparsely hirtellous along margin. Corolla 1.5—2.5 times as long as calyx, lemon-yellow, white, brownish or yellowish at first, later light pink with purple stripes (var. purpurascens Aschers.) with erect white tube with somewhat closed throat; lower lip slightly diverging from upper flattened lip. Anthers 2.5 mm long, with unequal mucronate ap- pendages; lower anthers longer. Ovary ovoid, 2-3 mm long, 1.5 mm broad, glabrous; style 3 times as long as ovary, curved above, smooth. Capsule ovoid, 0.8—-1 cm long, 0.4-0.5 cm broad, slightly longer than or 13 times as long as calyx, glabrous, obliquely apiculate, dehiscence fissure glabrous. Seeds oblong, 5.5-6 mm long, 2.5 mm broad, smooth. May to July. In tundras, coniferous, deciduous and mixed forests, glades, marshy and mixed-grass meadows in forests, fontinal, sphagnous marshes, along banks of lakes and sea coasts——Arctic Region: Arctic Europe; Euro- pean USSR: Karelia-Lapland, Dvina-Pechora, Baltic Region. Ladoga- Ilmen, Upper Volga, Volga-Kama, Upper Dnieper (single locality), Middle Dnieper (rare), Volga-Don, Black Sea Region (Novomoskovskii Region, Degatovo), Lower Don (single locality); Western Siberia: Ob’ Region, Altai Mountains (Narym); Eastern Siberia: Yenisey, General distribu- tion: Scandinavia, Central and Atlantic Europe, Western Mediterranean Region (northern Italy), Balkan States-Asia Minor (Yugoslavia, Bulgaria). Described from Western Europe. Type in London. 554 486 16. M. laciniatum Koshewn. and Zing. in Bull. Soc. Mosc. LVI, 9 (1881) 313, 328; Maevsk. Fl. 7th ed. 652.—M. pratense var. laciniatum (Koshewn. and Zing.) Schmalh. Fl. If (1897) 292.—M. pratense L. ssp. vulgatum (Pers.) Beauv. var. vulgatum Beauv. subvar. digitatum Schur. f. laciniatum (Koshewn. and Zing.) Beauv. in Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Geneve, 38, 6 (1916) 508.—M. pratense ssp. vulgatum (Pers.) Soo in Fedde. Repert. XXIV (1927) 177, non Ronnig.—Ic.: Koshewn. and Zing. lc. tab. II. Annual. Plant 25-35 cm tall, glabrous. Stem angular, simple or branched, branches long, slender. Leaves oblong-lanceolate or elongated lanceolate, 5.75 cm long, 0.7—2 cm broad, acuminate, with 1-2 mm long petioles. Flowers subsessile or on 1-2 mm long, glabrous, erect pedicels, generally divergent at anthesis, in sparse racemose, 8 cm long, 2 cm broad unilateral inflorescence. Bracts ovate, 1—7(3) cm long, 1.2 cm broad, subcordate at base, tapering, deeply parted or cristate-incised into 5-9 lanceolate-linear, long lobes; lower bracts with lanceolate mucronate tip, 0.5—2 cm long, parted at base, with 0.5 cm long lobes; middle and upper bracts stellate, 1-1.5 cm long, with lateral lobes slightly shorter than or almost equaling middle lobe. Calyx 5—7 mm long, glabrous, 1/2 as long as corolla, with 2-3 mm long tube and lanceolate, 3-4 mm long teeth almost equaling tube, acute; upper teeth slightly longer than lower. Corolla 1-1.3 cm long, yellow or almost white, with erect white tube. Anthers 2.5 mm long, with unequal mucronate appendages, lower longer than others. Ovary ovoid, 2 mm long, 1 mm broad, glabrous; style 5 times as long as ovary, smooth. Capsule ovoid-lanceolate, 0.8—1 cm long, 0.5 cm broad, glabrous, with recurved beak. Seeds oblong, 4 mm long, 2 mm broad, cinnamon brown. June to July. In coniferous and mixed forests (rare)—European USSR: Upper Volga, Upper Dnieper, Volga-Don, Trans-Volga Region, Endemic. De- scribed from Tula Province (vicinity of the city of Alexin). Type in Moscow. Genus 1350. TOZZIA 2 L. L. Sp. pl. (1753) 607. Calyx campanulate, obscurely bilabiate, almost 5-toothed. Corolla with narrow-infundibuliform tube and 5 obtuse lobes, obscurely bilabiate, yellowish, with purple spots on lower lip; upper lip deeply bilobed, lower deeply 3-lobed with almost similar obtuse lobes. Stamens 4, included, fruit unilocular, 1-seeded. 1 Treatment by B.K. Schischkin. Named after professor in Rome, L. Tucci (1633-1717). 555 487 This genus includes 2 species, distributed in mountains of Central Europe and in Carpathian mountains. 1. T. carpathica Woloszcz. in Spraw. Kom. fizyogr. Akad. Krakow, XXVII, 2 (1892) 148 and 217.—T. alpina auct. Galic. and Hung. non L.—Exs.:- Fl. pol. exs. No. 473; Fl exs. austro-hung. No. 3696. Perennial. Rootstock reduced, with numerous roots. Stems single or several, 15—25 cm tall, branched almost from base, with obliquely upturned branches, glabrous or with scarcely discernible stripe of short hairs on one side of internodes on main stem and branches. Lower leaves lanceolate or oblong, 5-7 mm long, 1—2.5 mm broad, generally recurved, alternate; middle cauline leaves usually opposite, broadly ovate, 10-20 mm long, 5-10 mm broad, subobtuse, entire or with few teeth along lower half of margin, sessile, rounded or cordate at base. Flowers 2 in leaf axils, terminal on stems and branches, on filiform, 2-6 mm long pedicels, Calyx 2 mm long. Corolla 56 mm long. Anthers pointed at base. Capsule globose, about 2 mm long. May to June. In shady, moist, sometimes stony places in mountain zone at 1000 m altitude —European USSR: Upper Dniester (eastern Carpathian moun- tains). General distribution: Hungary. Described from Carpathian moun- tains. Type in Cracow. Note. This species is very close and difficult to distinguish from T. alpina L. Genus 1351.—PHTHEIROSPERMUM »*2 Bge. Bge. in Fisch. and Mey. Ind. sem. hort. Petrop. I (1835) 35.—Emmeno- spermum C.B. Clarke ex Hook. FI. Brit. Ind. IV (1883-1884) 249, 304. Flowers axillary, solitary, ebracteolate. Calyx campanulate, 5-partite, with subequal lobes, pinnately dentate. Corolla bilabiate, tube broadened above; upper lip very short, erect, bilobed, lobes recurved; lower lip longer than upper, 3-lobed, with 2 hollow, longitudinally stretching palates at base; throat open. Stamens 4, included within upper corolla lip, didynamous, lower stamens longer; anthers glabrous, with parallel or weakiy diverging locules, mucronate at base; filaments broadened at base, densely pilose. Stigma with 2 very short spatulate lobes. Capsule _ compressed, rostrate, bilocular, 2-valved, dehiscing by longitudinal fissures passing along valves of each locule; septum wall consisting of 2 semi- partitions freely converging in middle of capsule. Seeds numerous, ovate- angular, coat obscurely reticulate or almost smooth. Annuals or biennials, 1 Treatment by V.F. Golubkova. ? From the Greek phtheir—ouse and sperma—seed. 556 488 simple or branched herbs, somewhat viscid-pubescent. Leaves opposite, pinnatipartite or partite. This genus includes 6 species, distributed in Central and Eastern Asia. 1. P. chinense Bge. in Fisch. and Mey. Ind. sem. hort. Petrop. I (1835) 35; DC. Prodr. X, 539; Maxim. Prim. Fl. Amur. 208; Kom. Fl. Man’chzh. III, 440; Kom. and Alis. Opred. rast. Dalnevost. kr. II, 929.—Ic.: Beih. Bot. Centralbl. XXX VII, II, tab. 9.—Exs.: GRF, No. 2364. Annual or biennial. Plant glandular-pubescent throughout. Root branched at neck. Stem 7-80 cm tall, generally single, branched, with obliquely ascending or slightly appressed branches or simple, pubescent, more densely above, with long-stalked glandular hairs. Leaves 1-5 cm long, 0.5—-5 cm broad, ovate-deltoid in outline, pinnatipartite in lower part, pinnatifid in middle of lamina, upper lobes gradually merging, connate, transforming into pinnate-dentate tip; lobes of leaves ovate or lanceolate, unequally bidentate, usually lower lobes slightly unequal-sided (teeth larger along lower lobe margins), lower pair of lobes of lower leaves 14-25 mm long, 7-12 mm broad, with 24 mm long petioles; leaves pubescent on both surfaces, more densely beneath along veins, with long- stalked glandular hairs. Flowers at branch ends in upper leaf axils on about 1 mm long, glandular-pubescent pedicels. Calyx 5-13 mm long, campan- ulate, cleft up to middle or more into 5, rarely 6, somewhat unequal, oblong lobes, upper half part (or more) with pinnately dentate lobes (with 2-5 small teeth on either side), ribbed, with whitish tube, pubescent out- side and along veins with long-stalked glandular hairs, inside with simple hairs in upper part of tube; lobes pubescent with glandular and scattered simple hairs. Corolla pink with 2 yellow spots in throat, 2.5-3 times as long as calyx, with 7-10 mm broad inflated tube, limb short, 1/6-1/5 as long as tube; upper corolla lip bilobed, with very short broad lobes; 3 lobes of lower lip oblong-orbicular, 3-4 mm long, 2.5—3 mm broad; corolla pu- berulent outside with scattered glandular and simple hairs, pilulose inside on lobes of both lips; hairs longer and denser on lower lip inside throat, mainly along palates. Stamens inserted in corolla tube, slightly above base; anther chambers parallel or slightly diverging in lower part, with few long hairs along margin of dehiscence cleft. Style included, equaling lower stamens, sparsely pubescent with short, setiform, obliquely antrorse hairs, mixed with glandular hairs in lowermost part. Capsule 7-13 mm long, 3-7 mm broad, flattened, oblong-ovate, narrowed above, tapering into small beak, curved on side, pubescent in upper part, more densely along margin, with patent long-stalked hairs, mixed with few glandular hairs, with simple hairs in middle part, hairs longer and denser along margin; lowermost part of capsule glabrous. Seeds about 1 mm long, 0.5 mm broad, reticulate on surface, winged, light. July to September. Sai 489 In meadows, on grassy slopes, along forest edges, among brush wood, in dry sandy and pebbly soils.—Soviet Far East: Ussuri. General distri- bution: Japan, China, Korea, Tibet. Described from northern China. Type in Leningrad. Note. According to V.L. Komarov (Flora Manchzhurii III, 440), two forms are distinguished by external appearance; with simple stems (f. sim- plex Kom.) and with branched stems (f. ramosa Kom.) Genus 1352.—EUPHRASIA! 2 L. L. Sp. pl. (1753) 604, p.p.: Gmel. Fl. Sib. III (1768) 212; Wettst. in Pflanzenfam. IV, 3b (1893) 100; id. Monogr. Gatt. Euphr. (1896) 8. Flowers axillary, solitary, in terminal, spicate or racemose, generally many-flowered inflorescences, ebracteolate. Calyx tubular or campanulate, 4-partite, with teeth somewhat connate in pairs, thus appearing bilabiate (with lateral lips). Corolla with narrow, gradually broadening tube, with bilabiate limb, bilobed upper lip with somewhat recurved lobes, lower lip 3-lobed. Stamens 4, didynamous, converging under upper lip; anther locules parted, parallel, pointed at base, similar or (in our species) one of the chambers longer pointed. Style pilose; stigma capitate, lanate; ovary bilocular, loculi identical with numerous or rarely few ovules. Capsule oblong, flattened, dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds pendulous, longitudinally striated. Annual (in USSR) or perennial parasitic herbs of “green parasite” or “semiparasite” type, with weakly developed root system and suckers. Leaves opposite or almost so, dentate or incised, gradually transforming into bracts; lower leaves often larger (broader) than upper, cauline leaves. The USSR has representatives of only one subgenus Eu-Euphrasia (Wettst.) Jorgens and one section—Semicalcaratae Benth. em. Note. Section Semicalcaratae Benth. of the genus Euphrasia is one of the most complex groups of the flora of the USSR. It is well known that the many component species of this group were usually considered to belong to only one botanical species, E. officinalis L. (compare, for example, the synonymy of their names in Vol. I of “Index Kewensis”), despite the fact that some of them have long been segregated, and that only after publication of the classic monograph of the genus by Wettstein did the attitude toward them change sharply. Special monographical treat- ments on species of the genus Euphrasia have been published in a whole series of countries, which have resulted in Wettstein’s introduction of the ! Treatment by S.V. Juzepczuk. 2 The Greek word euphrasia means good spiritual attitude, pleasure, joy. It is assumed that the plant is so named because of healing properties attributed to it (refer to E. rostkoviana Hayne). 558 490 narrow species concept firmly taking root in the latest literature on this genus. However, in spite of availability of this literature, the taxonomic study of this group even within Europe alone can hardly be consid- ered as complete. The large number of concrete species comprising this section, extreme polymorphism of most of these species, unsteady character of their distinctive features, extensive development of hy- bridization processes resulting in the appearance of numerous, partly consolidated intermediate (“interserial”) forms—all these factors make study of this genus extremely difficult. It is not surprising that several questions concerning separate forms remain unexplained, while many forms, obviously, are not yet discovered. Besides, due to the consid- erable morphological similarity of several species actually belonging, as might be suspected, to various genetic series (sensu Komarov), as well as apparently hybridogenic character of many species, even the construction of these series becomes extremely difficult. It is enough _ to emphasize that even Wettstein himself could not quite succeed in this respect. The latter situation is all the more remarkable, because the genus Euphrasia was one of the two genera on which Wettstein mainly developed his “geographical-morphological method.” It is true that later authors introduced several positive steps into the construction of a rational system of sections and the separation of its component “series.” However, we are still very far from the final solution of this problem. In the present work, we have on the whole adopted Pugsley’s re- cent classification of subgenus Eu-Euphrasia, the preliminary charac- ter of which is obvious to us, after having arranged only the groups accepted by him in another order and having split up some of his “series”. Another major problem, partly resolved on the basis of the available material of Euphrasia, is the phenomenon of so-called “seasonal dimorphism” (or “trimorphism” or even “pleiomorphism’’). Wettstein, seeing the main cause of this phenomenon in human activity, namely regular mowing in the meadows, differentiated two races in many European species of eyebright (just as in other genera with “seasonal dimorphism”): an early-flowering spring (presummer) race, speedily ending its life cycle, i.e., completing the flowering and fruiting stages in the meadows before haymaking, and a late-flowering autumn (postsummer) race, showing slow growth in the early stage of its life cycle and reaching full development only after haymaking (as we see, the term “seasonal dimorphism” is understood by us in a sense quite different from that in which the zoologists understand it; it has been proposed, therefore, to replace it with the term “seasonal diphylism”). Spring 559 491 races are characterized by developed nodes and elongated internodes, by fewer internodes, simple or sparsely branched stems, more obtuse teeth on the leaves (cauline and floral) and the early appearance of the first flowers, usually on 2nd to 4(6)th node, counting from below. Autumn races, on the contrary, have approximate lower nodes, often leading to the formation of something similar to a rosette of lower leaves, shortened internodes, greater in number, somewhat profusely branched stems, more acute teeth on the leaves and first flowers appearing at a higher level (usually at 6—-12th node). Later authors have described also summer races for the corresponding genera intermediate between spring and autumn races on basis of morphology and flowering time; these races began to be generally considered as precursors, not yet ‘split’ into spring and autumn races. For genus Euphrasia, similar races, found, as a rule, in places without regular haymaking practice were established particularly by V.N. Khitrovo. Observations show, however, that similar schemes, which are well documented for some genera and several countries, are rather abstract (theoretical) constructions for the corresponding species of eyebright in the USSR, and that no limits between these seasonal forms can actually be observed here for the most part. Thus, in meadows with a late-mowing practice, spring races are directly mixed with summer races, as if blending with them; in places without a haymaking practice, summer races are inseparable from autumn races and so on. We, therefore, confine ourselyes to proposing for separate status only the few species of ours. (E. brevipila Burn, and Gr., E. rostkoviana Hayne, E fennica Kihlm.) that are the most sharply differentiated from the spring meadow races (E. tenuis Wettst., E. montana Jord., E. onegensis Cajand.), retaining their binomial names, and pointing out that no sharp limits between them and the late-flowering forms are very often observed. As emphasized by Jorgensen, this is exactly what Wettstein did in practice, when he separated as an individual species only the most typical “presummer” form of a particular type actually representing a continuous series of asyngamic forms. Refer also to the notes on the separate species (E. brevipila Burn. and Gr., E. condensata Jord., E. parviflora Schagerstr., E. rostkoviana Hayne, E. fennica Kihlm., and others). Most recently, several authors (Jorgensen, Soo) have expressed the idea that man’s role in the origin of seasonal pleiomorphism is exaggerated and that the natural environments have a consider- able effect on the formation of the species. In any case, many species of eyebrights while not revealing features of any differenti- ation into seasonal races, always have the habit of a spring, sum- mer or autumn species, without apparently depending on human activity. 492 Atunt at . Floral leaves broader than 1/2 their length, orbicular, to oblong, teeth approximate; capsule long-ciliate along margin, hairs (cilia) erect, (Subsection @ittataeJorgenss)" rs -t).ce ee ee ee ee ae Ds Floral leaves narrower than 1/2 their length, linear to lanceolate, with markedly spaced teeth; capsule glabrous or sometimes very weakly ciliolate, ciliae curved [subsection Angustifoliae (Wettst.) Jorgens.]. .. BATS. NPE MIAM Or RPMS enn tom Perot gs bret 62. E. salisburgensis Funk. . Leaves, bracts and calyx without glandular pubescence or pubescent with short-stalked glands, i.e. glandular hairs with 1-2 (sometimes G=)ecelltlarsstalks Nee eel eee tet ov anc ote teres, oem 3: Leaves, bracts and calyx pubescent with long-stalked glands, i.e. glan- dular hairs with multicellular, generally crispate stalks (Series Hirtel- VACUP USS]: ) Mee. SA eR oie monet an tere cane Mee eee ean Sls . Caucasian and Crimean high-altitude plants, comparatively short and well-proportioned, usually with stems profusely branched (of- ten almost from base), leaves cuneately narrowed into short petiole, sparsely dentate, flowers somewhat distinctly pedicellate (sessile only in Crimean representative of this group). (Series Petiolares Pugsl. s. SUES ee er ee One ees Meee werent cnotane io tee te ee 4. ChlidracteniStucsrditierenteer er ee te hes cee ec coe tee ee ceeiene 13. . Leaves and bracts without glandular pubescence .................. 33 Leaves and bracts glandular hairy ...................eceeeeceeeecee 9. . Flowers large, (6)7—12 mm long dorsally .....................0005 6. Flowers small, 4-6 mm long dorsally ....................ecee eves le . Upper cauline leaves with subobtuse, floral leaves with acute, but not aristate, teeth; teeth small, narrow, generally not curved ............ SOE EEO: Aa OE en en ree 44. E. alboffii Chab. Upper cauline leaves with acute floral leaves; teeth acute and aristate, very large and broad, variably curved ......45. E. macrodonta Juz. . Floral leaves somewhat aristate-dentate, petiole-like narrowed at base; stems generally simple or very weakly branched ................... Bah a del na et i cs a A aU ip eat aM i 52. E. woronowii Juz. Floral leaves crenate or somewhat sharply toothed, but not aristate- dentate, cuneate at base; stems often somewhat profusely branched in lowerpattircsts 0, SOOM RAS, ALORS OOM Ole nce a ace 8. . Leaves subglabrous or densely white-hispidulous only along veins; inflorescence elongated, rather lax .......... 46. E. kemulariae Juz. Leaves hispidulous on both surfaces; inflorescence short, compressed at first, later somewhat (comparatively less) elongated ............. SISED, NGS ABs MOREE MMO Wren eS .. 51. E. daghestanica Juz. . Flowers large compared with plant measurements, (6)7-10 mm long dorsally: BOW Ry Wee seen ee Re tener oe i otenncomse sete MG Flowers small, 3-6(7) mm long dorsally ........................ 11. 562 10. 11. 12. 13k 14. 16. 19. 493 Stems generally without glandular pubescence or (especially in upper part under nodes) sparsely covered with short-stalked glands ....... Sciadeh iG . Hiai-te.-c18 fen). cto. ad Were atch. Jere 47. E. petiolaris Wettst. Stems densely glandular almost throughout length, glands somewhat hongestalkediiesan: 8. = Fosse eee cee 6 “oie EPO Se 48. E. adenocaulon Juz. Caucasian plants, with flowers distinctly pedicellate ............ 12 Crimean plants, with sessile flowers ....... 53. E. taurica Ganesch. Leaves green, generally cuneate at base, usually not deflexed along tooth margins; inflorescence later elongated ...... 49. E. ossica Juz. Leaves dark green, often with suborbicular base, generally deflexed along tooth margins; inflorescence compressed, subcapitate at first, later slightly elongated +22 wu) S.0-feeie -teatgnes 50. E. sevanensis Juz. Leaves and bracts glabrous or pilose, glandular hairs absent or isolated Leaves and bracts, as a rule, Raeicwhik densely covered with short- Stal WedGrl and Sate Me oe cae ct cece olen rinse ae: Pk GR oN oh stags 47. Western Ukrainian high-altitude plants with very large, (9)10-13 mm long corolla, with tube somewhat elongated at final flowering stage and with broad, tapering lower lip much longer than upper (Series Alpinac yRothM:) Seccad. cagstise. Doe. need te igerugewaeel leek 15: Characteristics different (flowers not as large) .................. 16. . Upper cauline leaves acute, with acute teeth; floral leaves gradually narrowed toward base ................0..0000- 40. E. kerneri Wettst. Upper cauline leaves obtuse, with obtuse teeth; floral leaves broadly ovate, narrowed at base into very short petiole ..................... Wet. Steers. . bereits Gehl . xi ancaged tent 41. E. picta Wimm. Very well-proportioned plants, glabrous throughout or diffusely hairy on stem, with comparatively small, shining leaves and small flowers. Plants of western areal, found in USSR in Baltic Region (Series Mi- CRONMACANUZ: eon ee eases Sys, 8 ee 30. E. micrantha Rchb. Characteristics differentyfc gate 17; 2 Shresm: tame tah. sions cree Ih if: . Central Asian plants with leaves without glandular pubescence; teeth of floral leaves non-aristate or short-aristate; pedicels reaching 3 mm. (Series Petiolares Pugsl. p.p.) \..... -ndetajranbiecdoeades sees dobar. 18. Characteristics ‘differentin is scl) dqeaeee oo sur alaaye cemornee )-br leaelt . 19, . Tien Shan plants, generally with simple stems, leaf base broad-cuneate or suborbicular, teeth of floral leaves generally aristate-dentate, aristae often) hamatel}jisiaj: cee sous! as) S2nandekneas 42. E. peduncularis Juz. Pamir-Alai plants; stems branched generally almost from base, branches long; leaf base cuneate; teeth of floral leaves generally NON-aristale: 2° teete.~hactrtise: Josie. ser -( 43. E. schugnanica Juz. Floral leaves, as a rule, with long, narrow and acute, somewhat long- Bristate teeth ABOVE. Me cee pe rcie cocestenar noo FOREeh stowela- 20. 563 494 24. 25 26. ob 28. 20% Teeth of floral leaves shorter and broader, obtuse or acute, sometimes short-pointed, but not aristate, or very shortly aristate ........... 33. . Soviet Far Eastern plant, with very tall stem, up to 50 cm, branched in upper half, with comparatively small leaves, much shorter internodes and orbicular floral leaves .............. 1. E. maximowiczii Wettst. Characteristics different "‘{o-22F Oeeee e PR eee Zi . High-altitude plants, with generally simple stems and less number of cauline leaf pairs [1—4(5)]; first flower on 2—5(6)th node ........ Pe). Mountain, steppe and forest plants of different appearance ...... 24. . Central Asian plant with short stem, approximate stem nodes and large calyx accrescent in fruit ..................... 7. E. macrocalyx Juz. Nodes of stem somewhat markedly spaced; calyx in fruit scarcely accrescent or almost non-accrescent .................2- eee eee eee 23% . Southern Siberian (and Mongolian) plant with short inflorescence, ovate-rhombic floral leaves, cuneate at base ........................ Pek is nA ARs LRM ncaa eR 5. E. syreitschikovii Govor. Caucasian plant with broadly ovate floral leaves .................... FD EE ees oe aE tne De 10. E. townsendiana Freyn. Caucasian mountain plants with subglabrous (rarely pilose) leaves, floral leaves cuneate at base and calyces broadening in fruit .... 25. Characteristics *different"— © 2 20 ee) AE eee 26. Leaves green, upper ovate; inflorescence extremely compressed at first, with imbricate leaves, later elongated; flowers 7-10 mm long ee TRIOS Aas eee Nee. SEO 2 Beak, E. pectinata Ten. Leaves glaucescent, dark green, upper broadly ovate with broadly cuneate base; inflorescence often extremely elongated; flowers OA7 Sim long FUER SEM OS BREN. 9. E. georgica Kem.-Nath. Steppe, mountain-steppe and forest-steppe plants with generally hispid leaves, rounded at base (and not gradually narrowed); calyx not ac- Crescent mm nruie LYS, Wo 25S. i) eo SO Le De po 3 DAs Plants with different complex of characteristics ................. 28. Stem simple or branched, 8-45 cm tall; cauline leaves usually markedly spaced; teeth of floral leaves usually distinctly and some- what long chondroid-aristate ................... 3. E. tatarica Fisch. Plant of Crimean Yaila with generally simple stem, 3—20 cm tall, with somewhat approximate stem nodes; teeth of floral leaves somewhat short-aristate, non-chondroid ...................... 6. E. irenae Juz. Leaves glabrous or subglabrous (in latter case usually with very short and generally sparse bristles along leaf margin). ................ 29. Réavessomewhat pubescent «92229. 22 ae eee 32: Flowers small, 4-5(6) mm long, European plant .................... STROW Ie GHI98 OMB MOTIRA 5 29. E. glabrescens (Wettst.) Wiinst. Flowers ‘larger’ 4.2.0.0. 020. OS, a SE FR SR 30. 564 30. 3 a2: Sis 34. 495 Stem branches usually long, if present; cauline leaves with broad subacute teeth; only teeth of floral leaves somewhat short-aristate; flowers distinctly pedicellate; corolla about 7 mm long ............. ees esate Te Seco tentscBeden Seale 11. E. jacutica Juz.. Stem branches, if present, generally (comparatively) short; upper cauline leaves and floral leaves with acute aristate teeth; flowers sub- sessile; corolla up to 10 mm long ..........................-0 00s 31. Floral leaves and calyx generally glabrous throughout and always eglandular; flowers white, with pale sky-blue upper lip; capsule not emarginate; plant of dry habitat (pine, juniper forests, etc.) with generally erect, often profusely branched stem ... RAPS! SPARRO LG PRON ES 12. E. condensata Jord. Pubescence of floral leaves and calyx usually with at least isolated glands, rarely eglandular; flowers lilac or white, with pale lilac upper lip; capsule emarginate; plant of damp habitat (usually meadows), often with flexuous stem, degree of branching extremely variable... EE cE. LAME ee Se ieee ets 14. E. bravipila Burn. and Gremli. Teeth of upper cauline leaves subobtuse, not aristate, teeth of floral leaves aristate; floral leaves cuneate at base; all leaves hispid; corolla 9-11 mm long, pale blue; Siberian plant ....... 4. E. sibirica Serg. Teeth of upper cauline leaves subacute, aristate, teeth of floral leaves long tapering, aristate; floral leaves broadly cuneate at base; all leaves covered with rather long, patent, somewhat bristly hairs; corolla 6-9 mm long, whitish, with pale violet or sky-blue upper lip; Euro- Pean Plan or eee ce ee ate eee ee 13. E. reuteri Wettst. Spring (“early summer”) meadow plant of European USSR (and West- ern Siberia), flowering in meadows before haymaking, with few stem nodes (2-6) and elongated internodes .....................-.+5+- 34. Characteristics Gifferent™ 4.025 ha. Noes eee eel eee ont ee «crates 335), Leaves, bracts and calyx glabrous or sparsely hispidulous, sometimes with isolated short-stalked glands; teeth of floral leaves generally sub- acute or short-pointed, sometimes short-aristate; corolla 7-10 mm long, generally whitish with violet upper lip or lilac... ............. Bane Ale Laide’ s Sicislaaud siplehonaianelaushe!< Tayeichetstet sorts Dapde.kereuEs. (Brenn:),Wettst. Leaves, bracts and calyx covered with simple hairs or bristles or (sub) glabrous, eglandular; corolla 5-6 mm long, reddish lilac in type form, sometimes white .............. 28. E. uechtritziana Jung. and Engl. . Soviet Far Eastern plants with villous leaves and bracts and yellow HOWEIS)) ioc te gad mdeck ast Senge. iba! eieiiod bi etna) nei 36. Pubescence of leaves different; flowers not yellow .............. Bi: . Stunted and short plant 2-15 cm tall; stem generally simple; calyx very short, about 3 mm long, with rounded base and broad, subacute teeth; corolla 3-4 mm long ............. 36. E. mollis (Ldb.) Wettst. 565 496 + Ss 45. Plants taller, 14-25 cm tall, with moderately branched (in first half) stem; calyx about 4 mm long, narrowed at base, with acute, often short-aristate teeth; corolla up to 6 mm long ....................... SIT, tke U scar narr stones ctctateroterctateranspetntapclet tee. 37. E. pseudomollis Juz. Caucasian high- -altitude plants with hispid leaves and suborbicular bracts with subcordate base, capitate inflorescence, small 3-5 mm long corolla and obtuse or subobtuse calyx teeth ................ 38. Characteristics different (all or some) ....................000000e 39. . Floral leaves subcordate at base; calyx teeth extremely obtuse; corolla aboutySimat long ie). ¢ (unin. e565. . ht. ee 38. E. amblyodonta Juz. Floral leaves broadly cuneate at base; calyx teeth more acute; corolla 8 mimlongy ye ees kee 39. E. juzepczukii Denissova. . Soviet Far Eastern plant with suborbicular leaves, truncate at base, with pale violet corolla 46 mm long (dorsally measured) and with disproportionately large lower lip ............. 2. E. ussuriensis Juz. Charactenisticsydifferent, nhs... SURE. conte: orpets ose eae othe 40. . European plant of forest zone with typical “autumn” habit, usu- ally somewhat profusely branched; first flower usually appearing at 6—-12th stem node; flowers 4-5 mm long .....................2.000- sg, dean repartee Te ASRS ee 27. E. parviflora Schagerstrom. High-altitude, arctic and subarctic plants with different appearancet1. . Flowers of medium size, (6)7-10 mm long dorsally ............ 42. Flowers small, usually less than 6 mm long .................... 45. . High-altitude, stunted plant of Altai mountains; stem 2-6 cm tall; flowers comparatively large, 6.5-8 mm long ... 35. E. altaica Serg. Arctic and subarctic plants with different eae dite OV ee wean 43. . Inflorescence short, almost-not scarcely elongated by late flowering stage; bract teeth not aristate ........... 20. E. hyperborea Jorgens. Inflorescence elongated by final flowering stage, nodes somewhat dis- tant; bract teeth often short-aristate ............... 0... .eeeee eens 44. . Stem generally simple; bract teeth rather deeply incised, often very narrow and variably curved; calyx teeth comparatively longer; flowers (Sub)Msessile’= tro cc sh occotces coe ee ee 21. E. saamica Juz. Stem generally with few, sometimes rather long branches in lower part; leaf teeth not so deeply incised, generally broad, and not curved; calyx teeth very long; flowers generally distinctly pedicellate ...... At EA Ie la Memento cnt ttireianie meitore sc orlaehe PEM 22. E. subpolaris Juz. Arctic and subarctic plant with simple or weakly branched stem and elongated internodes; bracts obtuse or short-pointed, strongly con- nivent, densely imbricate, broadly ovate or suborbicular, with cuneate DaSe? ss Seca s.. Mente Se Rien et teat ede RIE 31. E. frigida Pugsl. High-altitude plants of different habit ........................... 46. . Flowers up to 5—6 mm long, exceeding calyx; calyx sometimes glan- dular; capsule oblong, emarginate. ............. 32. E. tatrae Wettst. 566 47. 49. 50. Si: 52) a2) 54. 497 Flowers very small, about 4 mm long, almost not exceeding calyx; calyx hispidulous along mid-ribs and teeth, otherwise subglabrous (eglandular); capsule elliptical, not emarginate. ..................... i een: een a: .caadomert .b3 33. E. grossheimii Kem.-Nath. Stem pubescence rather densely intermixed with comparatively long- stalked glands (Series Jaeschkeanae Juz.) ..........+-++++2+ e000 48. Stem pubescence usually not intemixed with glands or with sparse, shoxtastalkedselandsi}y. qe iss aN eel Bas. yee Sie . Glandular hairs on stems medium in length or short; flowers sessile Seeman |. ae cto mle ibe nue Meee vere, bostiant .. 26. E. krassnovii Juz. Glandular hairs on stems long and slightly crispate, similar to hairs characteristic of species of series Hirtellae Pugsl.; flowers generally distinctly pedicellate .....5..... 2... cc eee ee eee eee e teen e eee eens 49. Cauline leaves broadly elliptical to suborbicular; corolla about 7 mm JONG oo eae dee (Bee cco rc sh os Mek ret: Be. 24. E. cyclophylla Juz. Cauline leaves of different form; corolla larger, up to 10(11) mm long Uthid by Meeetet ademas tts elaine Hotshot eretsmn . 2)k . Tee. Qstne ye. 50. Stem somewhat densely glandular; cauline leaves elliptical or ovate with 2-3 teeth, floral leaves with 3-5 teeth on either side; glandular hairs on them 2—3-cellular .................. 23. E. bajankolica Juz. Stem diffuse-glandular; cauline leaves ovate-rhombic, with 4—7 teeth, floral leaves with 5—7 teeth on either side, glandular hairs on them 12 cellubanes. We. Ge. oc hs 2) Beet: Bees 25. E. tranzszelii Juz. Bracts with somewhat long-aristate teeth .................2.00eee a2. Bracts with non-aristate or very short-aristate teeth ............. 54. Corolla of medium size or rather large, 6-10 mm long dorsally; inflo- rescence later much elongated; plants of European USSR (and Western Siberia) a Oar os Spee ee 14. E. brevipila Burn. and Gremli. Corolla smaller, 5—7(8) mm long; inflorescence later slightly elon- gated, often remaining condensed; Caucasian plants ............. 53. Plant of middle mountain zone, with strong, simple or branched stem and large number of stem internodes, lower internodes somewhat re- duced; corolla comparatively small, 5-7 mm long .............--... TBs bee ots Ca. dl cut Aare LS pM i AISI es 16. E. caucasica Juz. High-altitude (alpine) plant with slender simple stem and small num- ber (4—5) of extremely elongated internodes; corolla somewhat larger, 6-8 imai lone i Bese est eee FS 17. E. svanica Kem.-Nath. Spring (“early summer’) meadow plant of European USSR (and West- ern Siberia), flowering in meadows before hay making, with small number of stem nodes (first flower appearing on 2-6th node) and somewhat elongated stem internodes .............-22--eeeee eee e eens (ChandetenisticSmaquiterent ee. sos. osc esac eee ee steele ID: 567 568 498 55. Stem generally much branched in lower part; inflorescence later extremely elongated; flowers distinctly pedicellate; pedicels in fruit elongated upto 4 mm ................ 19. E. fedtschenkoana Wettst. + Stem simple or with isolated branches; inflorescence even in fruit comparatively less elongated; flowers subsessile; pedicels in fruit not elongated. oriscarcely .So.042). SPOR SO). Oe Be 56. 56. Small-leaved, almost stunted plant; bract teeth non-aristate, flowers very small, about 4 mm long ............... 34. E. drosophylla Juz. + Plant large-leaved, normally not stunted; stem up to 30 cm tall; bract teeth short-aristate, flowers up to 6 mm long ....................... 57. Bracts somewhat densely glandular .....................0.0000ee 58. + Bracts sparsely glandular, usually at base ....................... 63. 58. Corolla large, 8-14 mm long (dorsally measured) ............... a: + Corolla usually less than 8 mm long ......................2.000- 61. 59. Meadow plant of European USSR, flowering before haymaking, with spring habit, i.e. generally with simple or sparsely branched stem and small number of elongated internodes ........ 56. E. montana Jord. + Plant generally profusely branched, with large number of internodes ERB IN I i ctet che cichatcteh eee, OOD Te 60. 60. Soviet Far Eastern plant; stem branched mainly in upper part; plant generally glandular-pubescent only at nodes; bract teeth subaristate; calyx in fruit distinctly accrescent ......... 54. E. amurensis Freyn. + European plant with stem branched mainly in lower part, glandular- pubescent generally throughout along (upper) internodes; calyx almost non-accrescent in fruit ................... 55. E. rostkoviana Hayne. 61. Corolla of medium size, usually 7-8(9) mm long ....... ETS IEP 62. + Corolla small, usually 4—6(7) mm long ........ 59. E. hirtella Jord. 62. Plant with “summer” habit; stem up to 40 cm tall, simple or often somewhat branched; internodes comparatively short; first flower ap- pearing usually not below 5-6th node ....... 57. E. fennica Kihlm. + Plant with “spring” habit; stem simple or weakly branched, up to 20 cm tall, nodes fairly distant; first flower appearing usually at SEA UES eNO crags a nsec cay varcpcrarens wrcrcreseivremcgede 58. E. onegensis Cajand. 63. Flowers rather small or of medium size, about 6 mm long; stem strong, up to! 20icm: talloign /2o>Q0 TNL DSR 60. E. sosnowskyi Kem.-Nath. + Flowers very small, about 4 mm long; weak high-altitude plant, not more than 12 cm tall ....................... 61. E. bakurianica Juz. Subgenus 1. EU-EUPHARASIA (Wettst. Monogr. Gatt. Euphr. 1896. p. 68 pro part., nom. Eueuphrasia) Jorgens. in Bergens. Mus. Aarb. (1919) 70.—Anthers pilose; leaves and bracts entire, with 1-10 teeth on either side. 569 499 Section 1. Semicalcaratae Benth. in DC. Prodr. X (1846) 552 emend. Wettst. I.c. 68 (pro subsect.}—Annual species, endemic in northern hemi- sphere; one anther lobe of each of 2 posterior stamens with long cusp at base, resembling spur. Subsection 1. Ciliatae Jorgens. Euphr.-Art. Norw. in Bergens Mus. Aarb. (1919) 61.—Leaves glabrous, pilose or glandular; floral leaves broader than upper cauline, at least 1/2 as broad as long, orbicular to lanceolate, dentate, with approximate teeth or rarely crenate. Capsule long-ciliate. Series 1. Pectinatae Pugsl. in Journ. Bot. LX XIV (1936) 286.—Plants weakly branched, generally hardy. Leaves generally with slender teeth, glabrous or hirsute, eglandular. Corolla small or somewhat large, with lower lip longer than upper. Capsule comparatively narrow, generally not emarginate or scarcely so. 1. E. maximowiczi Wettst. Monogr. Gatt. Euphr. (1896) 87.—Ic.: Wettst. l.c. tab. III, f. 120-126; tab. XI, f. 4. Annual. Stem 12-50 cm tall, erect, well-developed, virgate, branched usually in upper half, rarely in upper 2/3 or only at tip; branches some- times equaling height of main stem, erectopatent, pubescent with whitish, slightly crispate, generally recurved hairs; stem becoming red or brown. Cauline leaves numerous, comparatively small, always much shorter than internodes, ovate to broadly ovate, narrowed (lower leaves) or truncate (upper leaves) at base, subobtuse or subacute, with 3-8 acute teeth on either side, aristate only in upper leaves. Bracts similar to cauline leaves, but broader, with subobtuse, orbicular or even cordate base, with 5-8 very acute, usually aristate teeth, teeth variably curved; all leaves flat or often extremely pitted above, with prominent veins beneath, almost sulcate- rugose, pubescent only along margin and veins beneath with whitish, often very long bristles, rarely hispidulous or asperate, or subglabrous. Inflo- rescence dense at first, later elongated. Flowers small, subsessile. Calyx hispidulous or subglabrous, moderately accrescent in fruit, with aristate teeth. Corolla dorsally 6-8 mm long; upper lip with 2 tooth-like, recurved lobes, lower lobe scarcely exceeding upper, with 3 sinuate lobes; corolla whitish with violet upper lip, with yellow spot and violet stripes on lower lip. Capsule obovate-cuneate, scarcely emarginate or not, generally shorter than calyx, short-ciliate along margin, otherwise glabrous or puberulent. July to September (Plate XXVII, fig. 1). In meadows, among scrub, along forest edges.—Soviet Far East: Us- suri, Zeya-Bureya. General distribution: Japan, China. Described from Japan (Nippon Island). Type in Leningrad. Note. Possibly one of the oldest representatives of subsection Ciliatae and at least of series Pectinatae. 570 500 2. E. ussuriensis Juz. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. inst. AN SSSR, XVII (1955). Annual. Stem 3-15 cm tall, erect or partially ascending at base, straight or slightly flexuous, simple, slender, covered with whitish, ex- tremely recurved hairs, brownish (possibly reddish or violet when alive); internodes elongated. Cauline leaves broadly ovate to suborbicular, broadly cuneate or rounded at base, short-petiolate or subsessile, obtuse or rounded at tip, with few, broad, subobtuse or obtuse teeth, 14 (usually 3) on either side; floral leaves similar to upper cauline leaves, but with suba- cute or acute, and non-aristate teeth, not imbricate; all leaves diffusely pilose above, almost hispidulous or sometimes subglabrous, hispid be- neath only along teeth margins and veins, with hairs typically patent and divaricate. Inflorescence few-flowered, later with extremely elongated in- ternodes; flowers of medium size, on very short pedicels. Calyx 3-4.5 mm long, pubescent similarly to leaves, with long, narrow, slender, acuminate teeth. Corolla dorsally 4-6 mm long, with large lower lip, much exceed- ing upper lip, pale purple, with yellowish spot at base of lower lip, with sharply marked dark violet veins. Capsule elliptical, shorter than calyx teeth, ciliate along margin. July to August. Dry slopes—Soviet Far East: Ussuri. Endemic? Described from Nakhtakhu Bay. Type in Leningrad. Note: This poorly known and extremely critical species is based on a specimen in the Herbarium of the Botanical Institute of the Akad. Nauk SSSR incorrectly identified as E. maximowiczii Max. and in a folder with the inscription E. mollis (1db.) Wettst. on it. However, it has very little in common with the latter, being well distinguished by pubescence of the leaves as well as by the remote nodes of the inflorescence and much larger, differently colored flowers with long calyx teeth and a prominent lower corolla lip. In spite of its entirely different habit, we preliminarily are placing it alongside E. maximowiczii Wettst., supposing that it is a separate local race of the latter. 3. E. tatarica Fisch. in Spreng. Syst. veg. II (1825) 777; Wettst. Monogr. Gatt. Euphr. 88; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2478; Grossh. Opred. rast. Kavk. 317.—? E. puberula Jord. Pug. pl. nov. (1852) 133.—E. pu- bibunda Simonk. Enum. FI. Transs. (1886) 432.—E. officinalis 3. tatar- ica Benth. in DC Prodr. X (1846) 552, p.p—E. officinalis «a. latifo- lia (p.p.), B. vulgaris (p.p.) and e. salisburgensis Ldb. Fl. Ross. III (1847-1849) 263.—E. officinalis a. stricta C. Koch in Linnaea, XXII (1849) 685.—E. officinalis 5. tatarica Boiss. Fl. or. TV (1879) 472. p.p.—E. officinalis Ldb. FI alt. II (1830) 422. pro max. part.; Schmalh. Fl. X, 294, p.p.—E. schischkinii Serg. in Tr. Biol. n.-i. inst. Tomsk. Gos. 573 501 univ. I (1935) 80; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2481.—Ic.: Wettst. l.c. tab. IIL. f. 127-134; tab. VII, f. 1.—Exs.: Dorfl. Herb. norm. No. 3352. Annual. Stem (3)8-45 cm tall, erect, simple or branched in lower or middle part, reddish or brown, covered with short, recurved, slightly crispate hairs, eglandular. Lower cauline leaves opposite, cuneate or obo- vate, obtuse or (upper) subacute, with 1-5 subobtuse or acute teeth on either side; upper cauline leaves alternate or almost opposite, ovate, broad- est in lower part, with cuneate or broadly cuneate base, with 4—7 short- aristate teeth on either side; lower teeth patent, upper arcuate-divergent; floral leaves similar to upper cauline leaves, but usually broader, of- ten with rounded base; all leaves green (usually blackening when dry), plicate-striped, with prominent veins beneath, somewhat densely hirsute or strigose, rarely subglabrous, usually obliquely antrorse or even ap- pressed, with somewhat deflexed, often gristly teeth margin, especially in floral leaves. Inflorescence dense at first, compact, with imbricate bracts, later extremely elongated and interrupted; flowers subsessile. Ca- lyx covered with dense, eglandular bristles or sometimes subglabrous, often with mixture of glandular hairs at base, not accrescent in fruit or weakly accrescent; teeth lanceolate, erect or patulous. Corolla small or of medium size, 5-8 mm long at final flowering stage, whitish or pale lilac; upper lip bilobed with recurved, fine toothlike lobes; lower lip 3-lobed, lobes sinuate, pilose beneath, with mixture of glands. Capsule 4-6 mm long, cuneate-oblong, subobtuse or scarcely emarginate, shorter than or equaling calyx teeth, pilose, somewhat long-ciliate along margin. June to September (Plate XXVII, fig. 2). Steppes, dry meadows and glades, scrub, forest edges——European USSR: Middle Dnieper, Volga-Don, Lower Don, Lower Volga, Trans- Volga Region, Volga-Kama, Black Sea Region, Bessarabia? Crimea; West- ern Siberia: Upper Tobol, Altai Mountains, Irtysh; Eastern Siberia: all regions: Soviet Central Asia: Dzh.-Tarbagatai, Tien Shan, Pamiro-Alai, mountainous Turkmenia; Caucasus: Ciscaucasia, Dagestan, eastern and southern Transcaucasia. General distribution: Central Europe, Mediter- ranean Region, Balkan States-Asia Minor, Iran, Dzh.-Kashgar., Mongolia, Himalayas, Japan, China. Described from Saratov. Type in Leningrad. Note. It is the most widely distributed species of the series in the USSR. Moreover, it is highly polymorphic, which is quite natural, considering on the one hand, its colossal range and, on the other hand the variable conditions under which it is found. The latter circumstance makes it difficult to split it into regional races, though speciation surely occurs. Wettstein very convien- ingly segregated one of these races—E. maximowiczii Wettst. (see above). However, similar attempts later were less successful. Thus, L.P. Sergievskaya described a western Siberian forest race (E. sibirica Serg.), as yet a puzzling 502 574 503 form, and also two western Siberian, mountain-steppe races—E. pectinati- formis Kryl., and Serg., and E. schischkinii Serg. The first, apparently, does not differ from the Mongolian E. syreitschikinii Gover; the second, placed by us as asynonym of E. tatarica, is a form of the latter resembling E. syre- itschikovii, Compared with this species, the central Asian (Western Tien Shan and Pamiro-Alai) high-altitude form, E. macrocalyx Juz., also perhaps di- rectly related to E. tatarica, is much more distinct. The Caucasian forms of this type, as revealed recently present a rather complex picture. Initially, Wettstein mistakenly referred them to E. tatarica Fisch, later identifying one of them with E. pectinata Ten. Kemulyariya-Natadze, in the Caucasus, split off besides E. tatarica and E. pectinata, also a third form close to E. pectinata, and named it E. georgica Kem-Nath. Further a Crimean form of E. tatarica from the Yaila is published by us in the “Herbariums of the Flora of the USSR” as a Separate race, E. irenae Juz. Several separate races, adjoin the range of E. tatarica at its western and southern limits. E. reuteri Wettst., initially iden- tified by Wettstein as E. tatarica and later mistakenly assumed by him to be the hybrid E. parviflora x E. condensata, should, on the one hand, be regarded as one of these. On the other hand, there are races apparently intermediate be- tween E. tatarica and E. frigida Pugsl.s.1. E. jacutica Juz., described below, perhaps belongs to them. In describing below the races mentioned above and others, in part the most poorly known and extremely critical ones, we must make clear that further research probably will add to them more than one comparable form from a number which are as yet undiscovered in the midst of the still too broadly conceived “E. tatarica”. 4. E. sibirica Serg. in Tr. Biol. n-i. inst. Tomsk. Gos. univ. I (1935) 76; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2478. Annual. Stem 2040 cm tall, erect or slightly flexuous, simple or branched in upper half, covered with somewhat crispate, recurved hairs. Cauline leaves evenly distributed, slightly connivent, oblong, with 2-4 subobtuse teeth on either side; floral leaves oblong 1—1 or ovate- rhombic, with cuneate base and long tapering aristate teeth; all leaves covered with simple bristly hairs. Inflo- rescence somewhat lax, few-flowered, generally dense only at main stem end; first flower appearing at 6—-12th node. Calyx 6-7 mm long, with pubescence similar to that of leaves. Corolla rather large, (8)9—-11 mm long, usually with very prominent lower lip, pale blue, pilose outside. Capsule 5—7 mm long, oblong, sparsely pilose, with ciliate margin. August to September. Plate XXVII. 1. Euphrasia maximowiczii Wettst., general appearance of plant, la) corolla, lb) calyx, Ic) floral leaf, Id) pubescence of floral leaf. le) pubescence of stem.—2. E. tatarica Fisch., 2a) floral leaf, 2b) pubescence of floral leaf. 57 Nn 504. Birch, mixed and pine forests, forest meadows.—Western Siberia: Ob’ Region, Irtysh. Endemic. Described from vicinity of Tomsk. Type and paratype in Tomsk. Note. Unfortunately, material on this species was not available to us. Possibly, it is only a meadow-forest form of E. tatarica Fisch. 5. E. syreitschikovii Govor. in Pavl. in Byull. Mosk. obsch. ispyt. prir. XXX VIII, 1-2 (1929) 126; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2477—E. pectinatae- formis Kryl. and Serg. in Tr. Biol. n.-i. inst. Tomsk. Gos. univ. I (1935) 74.—E. officinalis a. pectinata Kryl. Fl. Alt. (1907) 954, non E. pectinata Ten.—Ic.: Pavl. l.c. p. 126. Annual. Stem 5-15 cm tall, erect or slightly flexuous, usually well- developed, simple, green or whitish, covered with whitish, slightly crispate, recurved hairs. Cauline leaves 3-6 mm long, 2-4 mm broad, few, spaced, narrowly ovate and ovate or oblong, obtuse, with 1-3 sub- obtuse teeth on either side; floral leaves 5-9 mm long, 2~7 mm broad, ovate-rhombic, cuneate at base, subacute at tip, broadest at lower 1/3 or almost in middle, with 3-5 subacute or tapering aristate teeth on either side; all leaves densely hispid, eglandular. Inflorescence rather dense, few-flowered, 1-1.5 cm long; Ist flower appearing at 3—5th node. Calyx 5-7 mm long, pubescence similar to that of leaves, teeth lanceolate, acute. Corolla whitish or pale violet, 7-9 mm long, pilose outside. Capsule oblong-elliptical, 5-7 mm long, not longer than calyx tooth, subobtuse or slightly emarginate, pilose, long-ciliate along margin. July to August. Damp subalpine meadows, mountain steppes, stony alluvial deposits, pebble-beds along mountain rivulets——Western Siberia: Altai Mountains. General distribution: Mongolia. Described from Khangai, Khalzan-Daba Pass near Zain-Gegen. Type in Moscow, isotype in Leningrad. Note. This, in its extreme expression is a rather distinct, comparatively high-altitude form, however, it is scarcely demarcated from the more or less typical form of E. tatarica Fisch., which inhabits the lower regions of southern Siberia (and Mongolia). 6. E. irenae Juz. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk. SSSR, XVII (1955). E. officinalis 8. vulgaris Ldb. Fl. Ross. III (1847-1849) 263, p.p.—E. officinalis Schmalh. Fl. II (1897) 294, p.p. Annual. Stem erect, simple, 3—20 cm tall, violet, covered with rather dense, short, slightly crispate, recurved hairs. Cauline leaves crowded, or rarely somewhat spaced, lower obovate, with rather broadly cuneate base, obtuse, with 1-2 obtuse or subobtuse teeth on either side; upper cauline leaves alternate or almost opposite, obovate, ovate or broadly ovate, broadly cuneate or truncate at base, obtuse or subacute, with 2-4 subob- tuse or subacute teeth on either side; floral leaves ovate or broadly ovate, broadest in lower part or middle, broadly cuneate or rounded at base, with 576 SH/ 505 2-5 acuminate or short-aristate, erect or slightly arcuate teeth on either side; all leaves green, or sometimes turning lilac in places (especially on teeth), moderately plicate-striped, somewhat densely, patently hispid, eglandular. Inflorescence condensed at first, later elongated, somewhat interrupted; flowers subsessile. Calyx covered with dense, short, often curved, patent and recurved hairs, eglandular, moderately accrescent in fruit, with lanceolate, erect teeth. Corolla small, 5-7 mm long, whitish, with pale lilac upper lip having violet stripes, pubescent outside. Capsule about 5 mm long, cuneate-oblong, with truncate tip, scarcely emarginate, shorter than calyx teeth, diffusely puberulent, with longer erect hairs along margin. June to August. Mountain steppes, meadows, rocky places in the Yaila European USSR: Crimea. Endemic. Described from Chatyr-Dag. Type in Leningrad. Note. A Crimean (Yailinsk) race of the E. tatarica aggregate deserving to be split off on the basis of its isolated range. 7. E. macrocalyx Juz. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. inst. AN SSSR, XVII (1955). Annual. Stem short, 2-7 cm tall, erect or partially ascending, simple or short-branched at base, brownish violet, covered with short, recurved hairs. Cauline leaves few, opposite, cuneate or obovate, obtuse, with 1-3 sub- obtuse or obtuse teeth on either side; floral leaves broader, up to broadly ovate, with 2-3 large, subacute or acute, but scarcely aristate teeth on either side, often with slightly recurved margin; all leaves dark green, hispidulous, hairs often thickened at base, denser only along teeth margin and beneath along veins. Inflorescence dense, extremely short at first, later with distant nodes; flowers subsessile or on very short pedicels (in fruit). Calyx hispidulous throughout or only along margin and veins, compara- tively large, about 7 mm long, markedly accrescent in fruit, reaching 3 mm in diameter, with broad acute teeth, up to 1.5 mm broad at base. Corolla small, 5—7 mm long, scarcely projecting from calyx, with lower lip usually shorter than upper, pale violet, with yellowish spot on lower lip and with dark violet stripes. Capsule about 7 mm long, 3 mm broad, shorter than calyx teeth, slightly emarginate, diffusely pilose, ciliate along margin. July. Riparian grass plots in prostrate juniper zone.—Soviet Central Asia: Tien Shan (Kirgizsk Ala-Tau). Endemic. Described from Gachke River (tributary of the Ken-Kola River). Type in Leningrad. 8. E. pectinata Ten. Prodr. della Fl. Nap. in Fl. Nap. I (1811-1813) 36; IV (1830) 86; V (1835-1836) 32; Wettst. Monogr. Gatt. Euphr., 82; idem apud Somm. and Lév. in Tr. Peterb. bot. sada, XVI, 379: Grossh. Opred. rast. Kavk. 317.—E. officinalis 3. vulgaris Ldb. Fl. Ross. III (1847-1849) 263, p.p.—Ic.: Wettst. l.c. tab. III, f. 101-110; tab. VII, f. 2.—Exs.: Dorfl. Herb. norm. No. 4574; Fl. Ital. exs. No. 1346. 578 506 Annual. Stem erect, straight, usually simple, rarely with isolated suberect branches, 8-40 cm tall, pale lilac or reddish, covered with recurved, extremely crispate hairs, eglandular. Lower leaves cuneate, with 1-3 obtuse teeth on either side; upper leaves ovate, acute, with 3-5 acute, aristate teeth on either side; floral leaves broadly ovate or. rhombic, broadest in middle, broadly cuneate at base, sharply pointed at tip, with 3-5 erect or slightly incurved, acute, long-aristate teeth on either side; all leaves green, plicate-striate, glabrous throughout, or teeth diffusely hispidulous along margin. Inflorescence strongly condensed at first, with imbricate floral leaves, later strongly elongated with markedly distant lower flowers and floral leaves; flowers sessile. Calyx hispidulous, usually eglandular, with sharp aristate teeth, moderately accrescent in fruit. Corolla medium in size, 7-10 mm long, pale violet with dark violet stripes, with lower lip pubescent beneath. Capsule cuneate-oblong, subacute, not emarginate, puberulent, long-ciliate along margin, shorter than calyx teeth. June to August. Grass plots and other grassy places, scrub, forest edges——Caucasus: Ciscaucasia, eastern and southern Transcaucasia. General distribution: Mediterranean Region, Balkan States-Asia Minor, Armenia-Kurdistan, Iran? Described from Italy. Type, probably in Naples. Note. This Mediterranean species was not reported for the Caucasus by Wettstein in his monograph. It was first cited for the USSR on the basis of Wettstein’s determination in the well-known work by Sommier and Levier (?), after which many authors began to discover it in the Caucasus. The Caucasian forms of series Pectinatae, however, cannot be considered to be definitively studied on basis of extensive material. 9. E. georgica Kem.-Nath. in Fl. Gruz. VII (1952) 599.—E. officinalis 3. vulgaris Ldb. Fl. Ross. TI (1847-1849) 263, p.p.—Ic.: Kem.-Nat. l.c. fig. 351. Annual. Stem 10—27(40) cm tall, diffusely crispate-hairy, simple or branched (branching usually from below middle of stem). Leaves lax (dis- tant), variable in size, but large as a rule, glaucescent dark green; lower leaves oblong, with few subacute or subobtuse teeth; upper cauline leaves and floral leaves broadly ovate, with broadly cuneate base, with 5-7 acute, long-aristate teeth on either side, hispidulous along margin and veins, or subglabrous. Inflorescence often intensely elongated; flowers compar- atively small, 6-7 mm long, subsessile. Calyx pilose along teeth margin and veins, with lanceolate, long acuminate teeth, slightly accrescent in fruit. Corolla white, with sky-blue or violet upper lip, lobes of lower lip narrow, sinuate at tip and tube slightly elongated by final flowering stage. Capsule oblong obovate, equaling calyx, pubescent above. July to September. 579 507 Open dry slopes and rocks in middle mountain zone-—Caucasus: eastern Transcaucasia. Endemic. Described from Gombir. Type in Tbilisi. Note. Highly critical form; the features cited for it as distinctive (in relation to E. pectinata Ten. and E. tatarica Fisch.) seem to us in large measure unreliable. 10. E. townsendiana Freyn ex Wettst. in Pflanzenfam. IV, 3b (1893) 101; Monogr. Gatt. Euphr., 83. Annual. Stem 4-12 cm tall, simple, with 1-5 pairs of cauline leaves; cauline leaves and cotyledonary leaves usually persistent until anthesis; stem brownish violet or not colored in lower part, rather densely cov- ered with recurved hairs. Cauline leaves obovate to elliptical, obtuse, with 1-3 subobtuse or subacute teeth on either side; floral leaves larger, broadly ovate, with 3—5 acute teeth on either side, aristate in upper floral leaves; all leaves green, densely covered with short, simple hairs and short bris- tles, or sometimes subglabrous. Inflorescence short and condensed at first, few-flowered, later elongated, with distant lower internodes; flowers sub- sessile. Calyx pubescent similarly to leaves, often with isolated short- stalked glands, scarcely broadened in fruit, with narrow, acute aristate teeth. Corolla small, about 7 mm long, with pale violet or bluish upper lip and with yellow spot on lower lip, with dark violet or dark blue stripes. Capsule elongated elliptical, subobtuse, equaling calyx teeth. June to J uly. Alpine and subalpine meadows, stony __ high-altitude steppes.—Caucasus: southern Transcaucasia. General distribution: Balkan States-Asia Minor. Described from Anatolia. Type, probably in Vienna. Note. Evidently, a high-altitude race of the type of E. pectinata Ten. The occurrence of it within the range of the flora of the USSR has not been confirmed. 11. E. jacutica Juz. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, XVII (1955).—E. officinalis 3. vulgaris Ldb. Fl. Ross. III (1847-1849) 263, p.p. Annual. Stem 6-35 cm tall, erect, often flexuous, well-developed, sim- ple or branched from base, but more often above base or only in upper part; branches slender, generally long, diverging at acute angle, generally red- dish or dark purple, covered with whitish, generally curved and retrorse hairs. Cauline leaves numerous, oblong, cuneate or broadly cuneate at base, subobtuse, with 2—5 oblique, subacute teeth on either side; floral leaves rhombic to broadly ovate, with 3-6 acute or subacute, generally aristate teeth on either side; all leaves usually small, leaves on branches minute, subsessile, flat, glabrous or covered with very fine bristles along teeth margin and veins beneath. Inflorescence condensed at first, later in- tensely elongated and interrupted; flowers on short, but generally distinct pedicels. Calyx 4-5 mm Jong, pubescent similarly to leaves, with long, 580 508 acute teeth, scarcely accrescent in fruit; teeth lanceolate, generally erect. Corolla comparatively small, usually about 7 mm long, whitish, with pale lilac upper lip and with dark violet stripes; lower lip elongated, with nar- row lobes. Capsule narrowly obovate, generally rounded, not emarginate, sparsely ciliate along margin, shorter than calyx teeth. Stony and sandy river banks, coastal meadows.—Eastern Siberia: Lena-Kolyma (middle reaches of Lena River). Endemic. Described from Amga River. Type in Leningrad. Note. We consider this independent subarctic race as intermediate to a certain degree between E. tatarica Fisch. and the indigenous East Siberian arctic race referred to series Boreales and later described under name E. subpolaris Juz. 12. E. condensata Jord. Pug. pl. nov. (1852) 135.—E. ericetorum Jord. in Boreau, Fl. centr. Fr. ed. 3, II (1857) 494.—E. stricta Host. FI. Austr. II (1831) 185; Wettst. Monogr. Gatt. Euphr. 93 and 297 and auct. pl. Fl. URSS non H.B.K.—E. officinalis var. rigida and E. rigida Lasch in Linnaea, IV (1829) 405.—E. officinalis 3. vulgaris Ldb. Fl. Ross. III (1847-1849) 263, p.p—Ic.: Rchb. Ic. fl. Germ. XX, tab. 1731; Wettst. l.c. tab. III, f. 135-146, tab. VII, f. 5, 6.—Exs.: Fl. exs. austro-hung. No. 147; Schultz, Herb. norm. nov. ser. No. 113; GRF, No. 1579; Dorfler, Herb. norm. No. 3354, 3354a. Annual. Stem erect or slightly flexuous, often rather strong, 5—50 cm tall, simple or often branched in middle and upper part, with comparatively short branches diverging at acute angle, reddish, brownish or dull violet, covered with somewhat long, crispate, white, generally recurved hairs, eg- landular, usually leafless on lower part by flowering stage. Lower cauline leaves cuneate, subobtuse, with 1—2 obtuse teeth on either side, middle and upper leaves ovate-lanceolate or ovate, about 2 times as long as broad, broadest in middle, cuneately narrowed at base, mucronate at tip, with 3-5 acute, aristate teeth on either side; floral leaves broader than cauline, ovate or broadly ovate, broadest below middle, broadly short-cuneate at base, sharply pointed at tip, with 4-7 narrow, sharp, long-aristate, often recurved and sinuous teeth on either side; all leaves green, flat or moder- ately plicate-striate, glabrous throughout or rarely slightly asperate above and along margin with very fine bristles. Inflorescence condensed at first, later intensely elongated, interrupted; flowers subsessile. Calyx glabrous throughout or rarely covered with minute bristles, scarcely accrescent in fruit. Corolla 6-10 mm long, pale violet, sky-blue, with lighter lower lip having bluish violet or dark purple stripes and yellow spot on lower lip, sometimes whitish. Capsule cuneate, narrowly obovate, truncate, or scarcely emarginate, shorter than calyx teeth, long-ciliate along margin, otherwise glabrous or sparsely pilose. June to September. 581 509 Sandy pinewoods, thinned-out pine and mixed forests, less often deciduous forests and their edges, heath, open grassy places, forest glades——European USSR: Baltic Region, Ladoga-Ilmen, Dvina-Pechora? Upper Dnieper, Upper Volga, Middle Dnieper, Upper Dniester. General distribution: Scandinavia(?), Central and Atlantic Europe, Mediterranean Region (Italy). Described from France. Type not known. Note. 1. Unfortunately, the name E. stricta established for this species in our literature cannot be retained on the basis of the rules of nomencla- ture. The name E. ericetorum Jord., given to it by L.P. Sergievskaya is not a prior name. We have adopted for it the name used in the work of the British monographer of the eyebrights, Pugsley. 2. We consider doubtful the reports of E. condensata Jord. (E. stricta Host.) for the more eastern regions of our flora (including Western Siberia and the Volga-Don). Plants originating from any of these regions, identified as E. stricta, pertain for the most part to forms of E. tatarica Fisch. The reports of “E. stricta” for the Caucasus, where other forms (of the type of E. pectinata Ten.,) replace it, are also entirely arbitrary. 3. As a seasonal spring race of “E. stricta”, Wettstein described from Sweden the separate species E. suecica Murb. and Wettst., which has re- peatedly been cited also for various regions of the USSR (including the Volga-Kama Region). It is doubtful, however, whether E. condensata de- velops an early-flowering (before hay-making) meadow race in the USSR. As regards genuine E. suecica, since it has now been treated as only an eg- landular form (f. eglandulosa or f. subeglandulosa Lindb. f.) of E. tenuis (Brenn.) Wettst., we have regarded it as synonym of the latter. 13. E. reuteri Wettst. Monogr. Gatt. Euphr. (1896) 284.—E. stricta x curta? Wettst. l.c—E. stricta var. pilifera Kihlman in Acta Soc. pro F. and Fl. Fenn. XIII, 5 (1897) 8.—Ex.: Fl. Finl. exs. No. 348. Annual. Stem erect, straight or often branched in lower half, 8-30 cm tall, green or generally reddish violet, sparsely or rather densely covered with crispate, recurved hairs, eglandular. Lower cauline leaves cuneate, subobtuse, with 1-2 obtuse teeth on either side; middle and upper leaves ovate, broadest in middle or below, about 2 times as long as broad, acute, with 3-4 sharp aristate teeth on either side, subsessile; floral leaves broader than cauline, broadly ovate or suborbicular, broadest at lower 1/3, broadly cuneate at base, acute, with 4-6 large, acute, somewhat long- aristate teeth on either side; all leaves green, flat or slightly rugose beneath, pubescent on both surfaces with scattered hairs; hairs especially along mar- gin and veins beneath dense, rather long, patent, somewhat hispid, spaced, sometimes densely covering entire lower surface of leaves. Inflorescence rather dense at first, later intensely elongated; flowers subsessile. Calyx sparsely or densely covered with bristles, eglandular. Corolla 6-9 mm 582 585 510 long, whitish, with pale violet or sky-blue upper lip, with yellow spot and violet stripes on lower lip. Capsule oblong, truncate, subemarginate, long- ciliate along upper margin, otherwise puberulent or subglabrous. July to August. Grassy places along banks of lakes and rivers, along roadsides, etc.—European USSR: Baltic Region, Ladoga-Ilmen. Géneral distribution: Scandinavia, Central Europe (East Germany). Described from Sweden, Germany, Finland, Baltic Region. Type not known. Note. Wettstein, as noted in the synonymy, suspected a hybrid origin of this plant. However, as indicated by Lindeberg, it is abundant in some places in Finland, though one of the assumed parents, E. condensata, ap- parently, does not grow there. We happened to observe E.-reuteri Wettst., occurring in masses even in the absence of the “parents”, also in the Latvian-SSR. Series 2. Brevipilae Pugsl. in Journ. Linn: Soc. Bot. XLVIII (1930) 515.—Plant with simple or somewhat poorly branched stem, often hardy, tall. Leaves generally with slender aristate teeth, rarely crenate, with short-stalked glands, rarely subglabrous or somewhat hispid. Corolla usu- ally large, rarely small, with broad lower lip much longer than upper. Calyx in fruit somewhat weakly accrescent. Capsule large, generally emarginate. Note. We have followed in the present work the view-point of Pugsley, who regards forms of eyebrights close to species of series Pectinatae, but with short-stalked glands, as members of a separate series. We emphasize strongly, however, that we do not consider this as the final and only possible point of view. Further research, possibly, may make it necessary to merge the series Pectinatae and Brevipilae. 14. E. brevipila Burn. and Gremli apud Towns. in Journ. Bot. XXII (1884) 167 (nomen) Gremli Excursionsfl. f. die Schweiz ed. V (1885) 329; ej. Neue Beitr. z. Fl. d. Schweiz, IV, 23; Wettst. in Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. XLIV, 92; Monogr. Gatt. Euphr. 109.—E. officinalis Schmalh. Fl. II, 294, p.p.—E. officinalis 8. vulgaris Ldb. Fl. Ross. III (1847-1849) 263, p.p—E. officinalis « brevipila Kryl. Fl. Alt. (1907) 956.—E. nemorosa Trautv. Increm. Fl. Ross. II (1883) 589, p.p.—E. prae- brevipila Chitr. in Tr. Bot. muz. III (1907) 27; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2483.—E. brevipila ssp. aestivalis and ssp. serotina Ganesch. in Maevsk. FI., ed. 6 (1933) 610 and 611.—E. brevipila f. eglandulosa and f. subeg- landulosa Lindb. fil. in Meddel. af. Soc. pro F. and Fl. Fenn. 26 (1910) 45.—Ic.: Rchb. Ic. fl. Germ. XX, tab. 1733, f. I and f. 1 and 2; tab. IV, f. 154-161; tab. VII, f. 8 (sec. Wettst.): Wettst. monogr. Gatt. Euphr. tab. IV, f. 154-161, tab. VII, f. 8. Exs.: Fr. Herb. norm. IX, No. 17; Meinsh. Herb. Fl. Ingr. No. 469; Pl. Finl. exs. No. 349a and b; Herb. FI. 586 oul Ross. No. 280 (nom. E. stricta Host; E. b. f. subeglandulosa Lindb. fil.!), No. 521; Dorfl. Herb. norm. No. 3356. Annual. Stem 5-35 cm tall, erect, simple or branched usually below middle, reddish or brownish, covered in lower part with patent, simple, crispate hairs, leafless by flowering stage; branches erect or erectopatent, sometimes further branched, lower cauline leaves opposite, cuneate, sub- obtuse, with 1-3 obtuse teeth on either side; middle and upper cauline leaves almost opposite, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, broadest in middle, 2 times as long as broad, acute, with 3-5 aristate teeth on either side; floral leaves usually alternate, broader and shorter than cauline, broadest at lower 1/3, ovate, shortly cuneate at base, with 4—7 aristate or short-pointed teeth on either side; all leaves plicate-striated, scattered with short, erect, glandu- lar hairs, especially along veins and margin (at least near base), otherwise glabrous or with somewhat dense, erect bristles. Inflorescence condensed at first, later extremely elongated; flowers sessile. Calyx with pubescence similar to that of leaves, scartely accrescent in fruit. Corolla 6-10 mm long, with bilobed upper lip; lobes dentate or rarely 2-lobulate; lower lip 3-lobed, with sinuate lobes; corolla pale violet or sky-blue, with yellow spot on lower lip and sky-blue and purple stripes. Capsule cuneate-obovate, narrow, subobtuse, emarginate, equaling calyx or longer, long-ciliate along margin, otherwise pilose or glabrous. July to September. Thinned forests, scrubs, abandoned fields, meadows, mowed pastures and other grassy places——European USSR: Karelia-Lapland, Ladoga- Ilmen, Dvina-Pechora, Volga-Kama, Baltic Region, Upper Dnieper, Upper Volga, Volga-Don, Middle Dnieper, Upper Dniester, Trans-Volga Region; Western Siberia: Ob’ Region; Eastern Siberia: Yenisey, Angara-Sayan. General distribution: Scandinavia, Central and Atlantic Europe (Great Britain). Described from Maritime Alps. Type in Zurich. Note. 1. Despite the disjunct character of the range of this species, already noted by Wettstein (I.c. 113), which apparently, is absent in most of Central Europe (namely in its central zone, where E. condensata Jord.) prevails, it has not been possible so far to discover constant differences between the plants of the two parts of its range. 2. V.N. Khitrovo, and S.S. Ganeschin after him, considered that the western E. brevipila Burn, and Gtr. s. str. is itself a seasonal autumn race, while our (eastern) form is the original summer race, not yet differentiated into two, spring and autumn, races. The original form is named E. prae- brevipila Chitr. by V.N. Khitrovo. We could not, however, find clear differences either in the “architectonics” or in the flowering time between our plant, assumed here to be E. brevipila and the actual E. brevipila Burn. and Gr. (including also the “type’”); both of them represent entirely analog- ical series of forms. On the other hand, whereas the typical spring race of this complex—E. tenuis (Brenn.) Wettst.—is very common in the USSR 587 513 and is easily recognizable, occurring in a particular habitat (see below), it is impossible to draw any demarcating line between E. praebrevipila and “E, eubrevipila” and it is practically impossible to separate them. Refer also to opinion of Jorgensen in this respect [Berg. Mus. Aarb. 1916-1917, No. 5 (1919) 19-20]; this author, incidentally, being unacquainted with V.N. Khitrovo’s research, cautioned against possible attempts at establish- ing intermediate summer species in the genus Euphrasia (i.e., introducing the idea of “trimorphism” into the taxonomy of the eyebrights). As regards the opinion recently expressed by the American botanist Callen in the pages of the “Journal of Bot.” (XXVIII, 1940, p. 218) that E. praebrevipila Chitr. is related, not to series Brevipilae, but to series Lat- ifoliae, and should be placed alongside E. minima Jacq. and E. pulchella Kern., we consider it to be based on some misunderstanding. 3. Wettstein’s assumption (I.c. p. 159), (highly unlikely in our opin- ion) that E. brevipila could have originated by hybridization as a result of a cross between the original eglandular and long-stalked, glandular forms (i.e., plants of the type of E. condensata Jord., on one hand, and E. hirtella Jord. or E. rostkoviana Hayne, on the other hand), may now be considered as irrelevant. E. x murbeckii Wettst. in Monogr. Gatt. Euphr. (1896) 288 (E. bre- vipila Burn. and Gr. x E. parviflora Schagerst.). Annual. Plant intermediate between parent species and somewhat un- stable in characteristics, usually showing mixed character of pubescence of leaves composed of dense bristles and comparatively few short-stalked glands. Shape of teeth markedly variable, fluctuating between acute and aristate teeth in E. brevipila and subobtuse teeth in E. parviflora. In size of flowers, it also occupies an intermediate position between these species. June to Autumn. In places similar to those of the parent species, often together with them, but sometimes in the absence of at least one of them. European USSR: Ladoga-IImen, Baltic Region, Upper Volga. Prob- ably found in all regions of common habitat of parent forms. General distribution: Scandinavia, Central Europe. Described from Sweden. Type in Stockholm. Plate XXVIII. 1. Euphrasia regelii Wettst., general appearance of plant, 1a) corolla, 1b) calyx, 1c) floral leaf, 1d) pubescence of calyx, le) pubescence of stem.—2. E. fedtschenkoana Wettst., general appearance of plant, 2a) corolla, 2b) calyx, 2c) floral leaf—3. E. parviflora Schagerstrom, 3a) corolla, 3b) calyx, 3c) floral leaf, 3d) leaf, 3e) pubescence of flo- ral leaf—4. E. glabrescens (Wettst.) Wiinst., 4a) corolla, 4b) calyx, 4c) floral leaf, 4d) pubescence of floral leaf. 588 514 Note. The eglandular form of this hybrid, which stands closer to E. parviflora, is probably E. tavastiensis W. Bckr. [Fedde, Repert. XVII (1921) 286], “ex authopsia” unknown to us. 15. E. tenuis (Brenn.) Wettst. in Pflanzenfam. TV 3b (1893) 101;. Monogr. Gatt. Euphr. 114; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2483.—E. officinalis var. tenuis Brenn. Floristik Handbok for larav i Finland. (1886) 145.—E. bre- vipila ssp. praecox Ganesch. in Maevsk. Fl. ed. 6 (1933) 610.—E. sue- cica Murb. and Wettst. ex Wettst. Monogr. Gatt. Euphr. (1896) 297. —Ic.: Wettst. Monogr. Gatt. Euphr. tab. 11, f. 10—Exs.: Pl. Finl. exs. No. 350; GRF, No. 279. Annual. Stem 3-30 cm tall, erect, simple or very rarely weakly branched (in upper part), green or reddish, covered with simple, slightly crispate, recurved hairs. Cauline leaves persistent until flowering stage, lower leaves cuneate-obovate, with 1—3 obtuse teeth on either side, obtuse; middle and upper cauline leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, with 3-5 sub- obtuse teeth on either side, separated by intensely elongated internodes; floral leaves shorter and broader than cauline, ovate or broadly ovate, with 3—6 acute or short-aristate teeth on either side; pubescence of all leaves more sparse compared with E. brevipila, but hairs and glands similar. Inflorescence shorter than in E. brevipila Burn. and Gr.; flowers less in number, first flower appearing at 2—6th node. Otherwise similar to E. brevipila, of which it is an early race. End of May to July. Meadows (flowering before hay-making)—European USSR: Karelia- Lapland, Dvina-Pechora, Volga-Kama, Ladoga-I]men, Baltic Region, Up- per Dnieper, Upper Volga, Volga-Don, Middle Dnieper, Upper Dniester; Western Siberia: Ob’ Region. General distribution: Scandinavia, Central Europe (eastern part). Described from Finland. Type in Helsinki. Note. Plant, typically with the spring habit (see general note for the genus Euphrasia L.); in its best expression, highly characteristic, the plant is connected, however, with E. brevipila Burn. and Gr. by a series of in- termediate forms. The most widely distributed of all our eyebright, species of analogous significance, E. tenuis is an especially suitable subject for re- search on the phenomenon of seasonal dimorphism in the genus Euphrasia. 16. E. caucasica Juz. in Grossh. opred. rast. Kavk. (1949) 317 (nomen); in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk. SSSR (1955).—E. regelii Wettst. Monogr. Gatt. Euphr. (1896) 81, p.p.—E. bre- vipilaGrossh. |.c., non Burn. and Gr.—E. officinalis 3. vulgaris Ldb. FI. Ross. III (1847-1849) 263. Annual. Stem 8-35 cm tall, erect, simple or with few, generally much elongated branches diverging at acute angle below middle, usually dull violet or almost brown, sparsely covered with crispate, whitish, generally 589 515 retrorse hairs, mixed throughout with short-stalked glands; considerable lower part of stem length leafless by flowering stage. Middle and up- per cauline leaves ovate or broadly ovate, broadest below middle, with broadly angled base, acute, with 3-5 acute, aristate, often recurved teeth on either side; floral leaves similar to cauline, but broader, often subor- bicular, with up to 6 long aristate teeth on either side; upper surface of all leaves extremely pitted, lower surface with very prominent veins and appearing rugose, green, sparsely covered with short-stalked glands, more dense beneath along veins and also along teeth margin; glands along teeth margin intermixed with short bristles. Inflorescence rather condensed at first, later intensely elongated; flowers sessile (fruiting calyx on short pedicels). Calyx sparsely covered with short-stalked glands, mixed with or without fine bristles, scarcely accrescent in fruit, with long aristate teeth. Corolla comparatively small, 5-7 mm long, whitish, with sky-blue or pale violet upper lip, having dark violet stripes on both lips, with yellow spot at base of lower lip. Capsule oblong, narrow, obtuse, weakly emarginate, diffusely pilose above, long-ciliate along margin, slightly shorter than calyx teeth. August. Mountain meadows and grass plots, stony slopes, rocks, scrub.—Caucasus: Ciscaucasia, Dagestan, eastern Transcaucasia. En- demic. Described from South Ossetia. Type in Leningrad. Note. The assigning of this purely Caucasian plant to E. regelii must be considered a serious mistake of the monographer of this genus. E. cau- casica is well distinguished from E. regelii by the different shape of the teeth of the leaves (especially the floral leaves). It is much closer to the European E. brevipila Burn. and Gr., from which E. caucasica is distinguished essentially only by the smaller flowers. 17. E. svanica Kem.-Nath. in Fl. Gruz. VII (1952) 604.—Ic.: Kem.- Nat. l.c. fig. 355. Annual. Stem 10-25 cm tall, slender, weak, not branched, with ex- tremely distant nodes. Leaves ovate with cuneate base, with few obtuse or subacute teeth; floral leaves similar to cauline, but with 2-5 acute teeth on either side, teeth aristate in upper floral leaves; pubescence consisting of bristles and short-stalked glands. Flowers appearing from 4—5th node. Inflorescence lax in lower part, dense above. Calyx teeth narrow, lanceo- late or linear-lanceolate, acute, long aristate. Corolla rather large, 6-8 mm long, white with sky-blue upper lip and violet stripes on lips, more dis- tinct on upper lip; lower lig slightly longer than upper. Capsule narrow, subcylindrical, longer than calyx. July to August. Stony deposits in subalpine mountain zone.—Caucasus: western Tran- scaucasia. Endemic. Described from Svanetia near Shtugra Glacier (Ushba Glacier). Type in Tbilisi. 590 516 Note. Obviously, a high-altitude race of the previous species (E. cau- casica Juz.) 18. E. regelii Wettst. Monogr. Gatt. Euphr. (1896) 81, s. str.; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2484.—Ic.: Wettst. l.c. tab. III, f. 111-119; tab. XI, f. 6. Annual. Stem 3-30 cm tall, erect, straight, simple or branched in lower or middle part, with erecto-patent, generally short branches, red- dish or brownish, covered with whitish, slightly crispate, retrorse hairs, sometimes mixed with few short-stalked glands. Cauline leaves obovate, oblong-rhombic or ovate, with cuneate base, generally obtuse, with 24 ob- tuse or subacute teeth on either side; floral leaves ovate or broadly ovate, broadly cuneate at base, with 3-5 short-pointed but not aristate teeth on either side, or aristate teeth very short and gristly; floral leaves slightly upcurved, somewhat densely covered with short glandular hairs, mixed with scattered simple hairs or bristles. Inflorescence condensed, not much elongated even in fruit; flowers subsessile; pedicels slightly elongated only at final flowering stage. Calyx pubescence similar to that of floral leaves, teeth narrowly lanceolate, acute; calyx accrescent in fruit. Corolla small, dorsally 5-6 mm long with tube elongated at final flowering stage, whitish with violet upper lip and witn dark violet stripes; upper lip deeply bilobed, lower 3-lobed, lobes slightly sinuate. Mature capsule elongated-elliptical, equaling calyx or slightly longer, slightly emarginate, ciliate along margin, otherwise pilose. July to August (Plate XXVIII, fig. 1). Steppes, open mountain slopes, mountain forests, alpine meadows. —Soviet Central Asia: Tien Shan, Pamiro-Alai. General distribution: Dzh.- Kashgar, Iran (?). Described from Kuldzha (Aristyn). Type probably pre- served in Vienna (?). Isotype in Leningrad. Note. Our description of this polymorphic species basically covers the type material from the central Tien Shan. Material from the western Tien Shan and Pamiro-Alai, partly assigned by Wettstein to this species, includes in addition to typical forms, also several non-typical forms. Espe- cially noteworthy is the abundance in this material of profusely branched plants with only crenate leaves. We are inclined to see in these plants a tendency toward the following species. 19. E. fedtschenkoana Wettst. ex B. Fedtsch. Rast. Turkest. (1915) 697, nomen nudum; Juz. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR XVII (1955).—E. hirtella Ostenf. in sched. herb. Paulsenii, non Jord. Annual. Stem erect or ascending, slender or somewhat thick, 2.5—15, cm tall, simple or branched in lower part, with few or rather nu- merous, erect, slightly flexuous branches, green or-reddish, covered with - simple, slightly crispate, whitish hairs mixed with short-stalked glands. 591 517 Lower cauline leaves small, cuneate-obovate, obtuse, with 1-2 obtuse teeth on either sode; upper cauline leaves similar, but larger and broader, broadly ovate, narrowed at base into very short petiole, with 2-4 teeth on either side; floral leaves similar to upper cauline, but larger, subsessile, with 4—5 often somewhat pointed (but not aristate) teeth on either side; all leaves fairly, but not densely, covered with short-stalked glands, their teeth, in addition, with short bristles. Inflorescence short and rather dense at first, later intensely elongated, few-flowered; flowers on short pedicels, elongated in fruit up to 4 mm. Calyx with acute, but not aristate, teeth, with scattered short-stalked glands, with short bristles along teeth margin, scarcely accrescent in fruit. Corolla small, 5-6 mm long, up to 7 mm by final flowering stage, whitish, often with pale sky-blue upper lip, with nar- row sinuate lobes of lower lip, Capsule cuneate-oblong, equaling, but not exceeding calyx teeth, with rounded tip, shallowly emarginate, sparsely somewhat long-ciliate. July (Plate XXVIII, fig. 2). Habitat not known.—Soviet Central Asia: Pamiro-Alai. Described from Shugnan, between the localities of Dzhilanda and Van-Kala (Sardym). Endemic. Type and isotype in Leningrad. Note. The position assigned to this species in the classification cannot be considered as definitive. Its features, similar to species of series Peti- olares Pugsl. or, to be more precise, with isolated representatives from Soviet Central Asia, attract attention. Since, however, E. fedtschenkoana is found in places where E. schugnanica Juz., assigned by us to series Petiolares, grows, and with which moreover, it apparently hybridizes, we prefer to place it alongside a representative of another series, Brevipilae Pugsl., namely, E. regelii Wettst., with which, it seems to us, it is closely connnected genetically (see note on E. regelii). Series 3. Boreales Juz.—Subarctic and arctic species, similar to species of the above-mentioned series, but with non-aristate or very short-aristate teeth on the floral leaves, the latter, as a rule, eglandular. Corolla rather large or of medium size. Calyx in fruit distinctly accrescent. Note. In Pugsley’s system, the species heading this series, E. boreales (Towns.) Wettst. and E. hyperborea Jorgens., are assigned to series Brevipilae, which seems to us rather far fetched. We preferred to separate these forms and add to them some others, forming another series, seemingly intermediate ‘between series Brevipilae and Latifoliae. 20. E. hyperborea Jorgens. in Berg. Mus. Aarb. 1916-1917 (1919) 255.—Ic.: Jorgens. l.c. f. 51-54, tab. VII. Annual. Stem 5—22 cm tall, simple or very rarely with isolated short branches in middle part, green or brownish above, sparsely covered with fine, recurved hairs. Cauline leaves few, 1-3 pairs, very distant, lower cuneate- obovate, obtuse, with 1—2 obtuse teeth on either side; upper cauline leaves 592 518 ovate or obovate, obtuse, with 2—3 short obtuse teeth on either side, upper tooth very broad; floral leaves shorter and broader than upper cauline leaves, broadly ovate, with 3-5 generally subacute teeth on either side and with obtuse or subacute upper tooth; all leaves bright green, flat, with cuneate base, or with very short petiole, diffusely puberulent or rarely pilose along leaf margin and veins beneath, very rarely with isolated short-stalked glands. Inflorescence short, few-flowered, almost not elongated by final flowering stage; flowers short-pedicellate. Calyx with pubescence similar to that of leaves, with hairs distributed mainly along veins, scarcely accrescent in fruit, with lanceolate, acute, but not aristate, teeth. Corolla comparatively large (6—10, usually 8 mm), often with distinctly elongated tube by final flowering stage, with pale violet or sky-blue upper lip and whitish lower lip, with dark violet or dark blue stripes and yellow spot. Capsule elliptical or narrowly obovate, deeply emarginate. Seeds large, few (2-4). August. Damp meadows and other grassy places, birch woods.—Arctic Region: Arctic Europe; European USSR: Karelia-Lapland? General distribution: Scandinavia (Norway). Described from Tromso Island. Type in Bergen. Note.S.S.Ganeschin identified this species from acollection from Kildin Island and also from Karelia-Lapland and Dvina-Pechora. Not having seen authentic specimens of E. hyperborea, we cannot confirm the accuracy of S.S. Ganeschin’s identification; his identification of the plants from Dvina- Pechora, in any case, is doubtful. Small-flowered plants of E. hyperbirea, according to Jorgensen’s ev- idence, are very similar to E. frigida Pugsl., with which, however, it can hardly be connected directly, being first of all an arctic derivative of E. bore- alis (Towns.) Wettst., which is absent in flora of USSR. 21.E. saamica Juz. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, XVII (1955). Annual. Stem 6-20 cm tall, erect, slender or rather thick, simple or with isolated obliquely erect branches, brownish violet, sparsely covered with whitish, crispate, recurved hairs. Cauline leaves 2-6 pairs, lower cuneate obovate, obtuse, with 1-2 subobtuse teeth on either side; floral leaves ovate or broadly ovate, cuneate at base, acute or short-pointed, with 3-4 teeth on either side; teeth somewhat large, rather deeply parted, dissimilar, often very narrow, acute or short-pointed, often variably, curved, without aristate tip or very often distinctly short-aristate; all leaves flat, covered along margin and beneath, mainly along veins, with scattered, minute, short whitish bristles, sometimes mixed with isolated, very minute, short-stalked glandular hairs; otherwise leaves glabrous. Inflorescence by final flowering stage elongated, with somewhat distant nodes; flowers sub-sessile. Calyx with pubescence similar to that of leaves, with narrow, short-aristate teeth, markedly accrescent in fruit, pedicels short. Corolla 7-10 mm long, tube almost not elongated 593 594 519 later, with 3-lobed lower lip, much longer than violet upper lip; lower lip with yellow spot and violet stripes. Capsule elliptical, emarginate, not exceeding or scarcely longer than calyx. August. Forests (open spruce forests, winding birch woods), meadows, scrub.—European USSR: Karelia-Lapland. Endemic? Described from Khibiny Mountains. Type in Leningrad. Note. Until now, this species, extremely common in the Khibinskie Mountains, and perhaps in other regions of the Kola Peninsula, was accepted as E. frigida Pugsl. (E. latifolia Wettst.); we observed it occurring in di- rect proximity to the latter but thanks to its large flowers and the different character of the leaf dentation, hesitate to place these two species of Kola Peninsula alongside each other in the classification. The relation of E. saam- ica to the other species of series Boreales, where we have placed it, is so far problematical. 22. E. subpolaris Juz. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, XVII (1955). Annual. Stem 4.5—20 cm tall, erect, usually slightly curved or flexuous, simple or with few, often rather long, flexuous branches, diverging at acute angle, in lower and middle parts of stem, stem generally well developed, usu- ally somewhat reddish, covered with white, recurved, crispate hairs. Cauline leaves often very distant, few, often alternate; leaves ovate or oblong, cuneate at base, obtuse, with few large, obtuse or subobtuse teeth, 1—4 oneither side and with somewhat large, usually rounded tooth at tip, persistent until flowering stage; floral leaves crowded only at early flowering stage, later much sepa- rated and not imbricate, similar to cauline leaves in shape, or scarcely broader, but larger, crenate or sharply toothed, often with 3-6 short-pointed teeth on either side; all leaves dark green, covered (mainly along margin and veins be- neath) with generally scattered, short and fine, usually patent bristles. Flowers appearing at 3—Sth node, short-pedicellate. Calyx pubescence similar to that of leaves, uniform but not dense; teeth narrow, rather long, acute, often dis- tinctly aristate; calyx in fruit weakly accrescent. Corollamedium in size, often much exceeding bracts, 6-8(10) mm long, with tube scarcely elongated after flowering, whitish with weakly colored, pale bluish violet upper lip; lower equaling or slightly exceeding upper. Capsule oblong-elliptical, emarginate, pilose, ciliate along margin, usually equaling calyx. July to August. Banks of rivers.—Eastern Siberia: Yenisey, Lena-Kolyma, Dauriya. En- demic. Described from lower reaches of Lena River. Type in Leningrad. Note. This species which in accordance with Wettstein’s monograph, has been treated until now as E. frigida Pugsl. (E. latifolia Wettst.), actually differs from it by the more elongated, lax inflorescence, longer acuminate teeth of the floral leaves and calyces and larger flowers on distinct pedicels. Wettstein, however, judging from his own words, did 595 520 not see specimens of this form, and, while accepting the occurrence of “E. latifolia” in Siberia, relied exclusively on Herder’s evidence. We should note that the features distinguishing E. subpolaris from E. frigida are ones that draw the species rather close to E. tatarica, or, more correctly to E. jacutica, which we consider intermediate to some extent between E. tatarica and E. subpolaris. Series 4. Jaeschkeanae Juz.—Asiatic species similar to those of series Brevipilae, but with stem densely pubescent with somewhat long-stalked glandular hairs. Teeth of leaves generally acute or obtuse, not aristate. Flowers medium in size or often rather large. Note. Like E. borealis (Towns.) Wettst. (see above) Pugsley refers E. jaeschkei Wettst., heading this series, to series Brevipilae. Our attempt here is to separate E. jaeschkei, along with some other forms, into a separate series intermediate to a certain extent between the series Brevipilae and Hirtellae. 23. E. bajankolica Juz. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, XVII (1955). Annual. Stem 4—35 cm tall, erect, usually bent or flexuous, simple or often branched in middle or almost throughout its length; branches gen- erally, elongated, obliquely erect, flexuous, sometimes branched in turn; stem often violet, densely covered with white, crispate, recurved hairs, usually mixed with rather long-stalked glands. Cauline leaves elliptical or ovate, narrowed into short petiole at base, subacute, with 2-4 subobtuse, often dissimilar teeth on either side; floral leaves similar to cauline, but larger and broader, with 3—5 generally subacute or acute, but not aris- tate, teeth on either side; all leaves bright green, rather densely covered with 2-3-cellular short-stalked glands, mixed with simple short bristles, especially dense along teeth margin. Inflorescence short and condensed at first, later intensely elongated and with rather distant nodes in lower part; flowers on somewhat long pedicels. Calyx rather densely pubescent with simple and glandular hairs, rarely subglabrous, with somewhat short, rather broad, short-aristate, subacute teeth, moderately accrescent in fruit. Corolla somewhat large, 8-11 mm long, with slightly elongated tube at final flowering stage, white, with pale lilac upper lip, dark bluish violet stripes with yellow spot on long protruding lower lip, sparsely pubescent outside. Capsule oblong-elliptical, slightly shorter than calyx teeth, cov- ered with somewhat long hairs, only slightly shorter than cilia along teeth margin. July to August. Forests (spruce), forest glades.—Soviet Central Asia: Tien Shan (Terskei Ala-Tau). Described from Bayankol Ravine. Type in Leningrad. Note. Apart from stem pubescence, E. bajankolica is well distin- guished from E. regelii Wettst., by the generally pedicellate, large flowers. 596 521 Of our species assigned by us to series Jaeschkeanae this species has the most clearly developed characteristics of series Hirtellae. We, however, are not inclined to consider it of hybrid origin. 24. E. cyclophylla Juz. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, XVII (1955). Annual. Stem erect, straight, simple or with few weak, obliquely erect branches in lower or middle part, 5—25 cm tall, reddish or violet, rather densely covered with whitish, crispate, recurved hairs, mixed with rather long-stalked glands, especially dense under inflorescence nodes. Cauline leaves broadly elliptical or broadly ovate to suborbicular, subses- sile, with very broad cuneate or orbicular base, obtuse or rounded at tip, with 3-4 very obtuse or rounded teeth on either side; floral leaves similar to cauline, but larger, often slightly cordate at base, with 3—5 short and broad, obtuse or subacute teeth on either side; all leaves bright green or often turning purple beneath, evenly covered with glands; glands generally with 2-cellular stalks, but mixed with 3—4-cellular-stalked glands at leaf base. Inflorescence condensed at first, with imbricate floral leaves, often completely covering calyces, later with much elongated internodes and interrupted in lower part; flowers distinctly short-pedicellate. Calyx rather densely glandular-pubescent, with mixture of somewhat short bristles and with large, subacute or subobtuse teeth, accrescent in fruit. Corolla small, about 7 mm long, whitish, with pale violet upper lip and dark bluish violet stripes; lower lip with narrow lobes, distinctly exceeding upper. Capsule (raw) elliptical, weakly emarginate, nearly equaling calyx, shortly appressed pilose, long-ciliate along margin. End of June to July. In wooded ravines.—Soviet Central Asia: Pamiro-Alai (Alai foothills). Endemic. Described from mouth of Katta-Karamuk River, and from valley of Isfairam River opposite mouth of Kainda River. Type in Leningrad. This plant is well distinguished from E. regelii, according to what the collector adopted, by the presence of long-stalked glands in the pubescence of the stem, the form and character of the leaf dentation and the larger flowers. It should be compared with the Himalayan species E. jaeschkei Wettst., to which it is more similar; the latter is distinguished, however, from E. cyclophylla by the short-pointed teeth in the upper cauline and flo- ral leaves, the abundance of somewhat long, simple hairs in the pubescence of the leaves and calyx and by the larger flowers (up to 10 mm). Features distinguishing this species from E. bajancolica are mentioned in the key. 25. E. tranzszelii Juz. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, XVII (1955). Annual. Stem erect or ascending, usually slightly flexuous, simple or, as a rule, branched in lower or middle part, with generally elongated, well 599 522 developed, flexuous branches, 4-50 cm tall, generally reddish or dark purple, covered with whitish, slightly crispate, recurved hairs, sparsely mixed with comparatively long-stalked glands, more densely under inflorescence nodes. Cauline leaves numerous (flowers appearing at 5—9th node), subsessile, ovate or subrhombic, orbicular or broadly cuneate at base, obtuse, with numerous, - minute, obtuse or subobtuse, rounded or deltoid (often rectangular) teeth, 4—7 on either side; floral leaves similar to upper cauline, but slightly longer and broader, with more acute or even slightly short-pointed non-aristate teeth, 5-7 on either side; all leaves almost flat, covered with scattered or rather dense short-stalked glands, also with bristles along leaf margin. Inflorescence short, lax at first, later intensely elongated and profusely flowered, but with comparatively short distance between nodes; flowers distinctly pedicellate, pedicels comparatively short (up to 2 mm long). Calyx densely covered with short-stalked glands, hispidulous besides on teeth, narrowly obconical, with long, acute teeth scarcely shorter than 1/2 calyx teeth, almost non-accrescent in fruit. Corolla 6-10 mm long, with tube not elongated or scarcely so by final flowering stage, whitish; upper lip obscurely colored, lower rather large and broadly lobed, much exceeding upper, very sparsely pubescent outside. Capsule narrow, oblong-elliptical, subobtuse, scarcely emarginate, shorter than calyx teeth, sparsely pilose, ciliate along margin. June to July. Meadows and riverine valleys —Soviet Central Asia: Pamiro-Alai. En- demic. Described from vicinity of Gulcha. Type in Leningrad. Note. This species was considered by S.S. Ganeschin as E. regelii, from which, however, itis well distinguished by the presence of long-stalked glands in the pubescence of the stems, the shape and character of the leaf dentation, and the much larger flowers. From related E. cyclophylla Juz. it is also well distinguished by the shape of the leaves and their teeth, the size of flowers and also the sharper calyx teeth. 26. E. krassnowii Juz. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, XVII (1955). Annual. Stem 4—9 cm tall, erect, simple, covered with whitish soft, re- curved hairs and very minute short-stalked glands, perhaps reddish when alive, internodes somewhat elongated. Cauline leaves few, elliptical, obtuse, with 1—2 obtuse teeth on either side, caducous. Bracts somewhat spaced, broadly ovate, with broadly cuneate or suborbicular base, obtuse or subob- tuse, with 2-4 broad, subobtuse or acute, non-aristate teeth on either side; all leaves sparsely covered with short, somewhat fine bristles mixed with minute short-stalked glands, denser only along leaf margin and veins beneath. Flow- ers appearing at 3rd node, subsessile. Calyx pubescent along teeth margin and veins, sometimes pubescent throughout, similar to leaves, with broad acute teeth terminating into very fine arista, apparently accrescent in fruit. Corolla comparatively large, about 1 cm long, with bilobed upper lip and 3-lobed 600 523 lower, of normal structure, apparently whitish, with lilac stripes. Capsule (raw) shorter than calyx teeth, obovate, emarginate, densely patently ciliolate along margin. July (?) In subalpine zone.—Western Siberia: Altai mountains. Endemic. De- scribed from Katunskie Belki. Type in Leningrad. Note. This species, related to series Jaeschkeanae, is more similar in appearance to the species of series Latifoliae Pugsl. and partly to E. frigida Pugsl., from which, however, it is distinguished by the glandular pubescence of the stem and leaves and by the large flowers; from E. altaica Serg., it is distinguished by the glandular pubescence and broader leaves and bracts, while from E. drosophylla Juz. by the more developed glandular pubescence of the stem the elongated inflorescence with distant internodes and the corolla two times as large, and also probably by the shorter and broader capsule. The closeness of this species to the preceding species which tend more to- ward E. jaeschkei Wettst., is somewhat tentative, we should mention that this species was collected only once, and urgently needs further collection. Series 5. Nemorosae Pugsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. XLVIII (1930) 494. —Generally profusely branched plant, flowering in autumn. Leaves hispid or subglabrous. Corolla small, lower lip exceeding upper. Capsule somewhat broad, emarginate. 27. E. parviflora Schagerstrom, Consp. veg. Upland. (1845) 56; Fries, Summa veg. Scand. I, 195, p.p.: Babingt. in Journ. Linn. Soc-XI, 320; Trautv. Increm. Fl. Ross. 589.—E. curta Wettst. in Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. XLIV (1894) 135; Monogr. Gatt. Euphr. 128.—E. officinalis 6. curta Fr. in Fr. and Broberg. Fl. Halland (1817) 104.—E. officinalis 7. curta Hartm. Handb. Skand. Fl. (1861) 67; Knapp. Pfl. Galiz. u. Buk. 231 (sub 5.) —E. officinalis B. montana 6. curta Fr. Nov. Fl. Suec. ed. 2 (1828) 198.—E. parviflora var. curta Fr. l.c. 19, p.p.—E. officinalis A. platyphyllae 3. curta Rchb. Ic. fl. Germ. XX (1862) 58—E. curta var. glabrescens Wettst. Monogr. Gatt. Euphr. (1896) 133, p.p.—E. praecurta Chitr. in Spisok rast. Russk. fl. V (1905) 146.—Ic.: Rchb. l.c. tab. 1732, f. VI; Wettst. Monogr. Gatt. Euphr. tab. IV, f. 185-193; tab VII, f. 11.—Exs.: Schultz, Herb. norm. No. 1111 and. 1111 bis; Meinsh. Herb. Fl. Ingr. No. 469; Fr. Herb. norm. VI, No. 26 (sub. E. officinalis* curta Fr.); Dorfl. Herb. norm. No. 3357 and No. 3358. Annual. Stem 3(7—15) 40 cm tall, erect, thick or rarely rather slender, branched generally in lower part up to middle, reddish or brownish, cov- ered with crispate, white, recurved hairs, with erect or erecto-patent, oppo- site branches, sometimes again branched in turn. Lower leaves obtuse, with 1-3 obtuse teeth on either side; middle and upper leaves ovate, acute, broadest at base, with 4—7 acute, non-aristate teeth on either side; floral leaves almost opposite, broader and shorter than cauline leaves, often suborbicular, with 4—7 acute, non-aristate or short-aristate teeth on either side; all leaves grayish 524 601 525 green, rugose beneath when dry, often blackening, covered on both surfaces, as arule, by somewhat dense, white hairs. Inflorescence condensed at first, later elongated (usually, however, moderately); flowers subsessile. Calyx white-hispid throughout or only along margin and veins, slightly inflated in fruit, with short teeth. Corolla 4-5 mm long, upper lip bilobed with sinuate or serrulate lobes; lower lip 3-lobed, with sinuate lobes; corolla whitish with blue veins and yellow spot on lower lip, rarely sky-blue or pale violet throughout. Capsule cuneate-obovate, equaling or scarcely exceeding calyx when mature, truncate or obscurely emarginate, long-ciliate along margin, otherwise pilose or rarely glabrous. July to October (Plate XXVIII, fig. 3) Scrub, pastures, abandoned fields and their edges.,— European USSR: Baltic Region, Ladoga-Ilmen, Dvina-Pechora?, Volga-Kama?, Upper Dnieper, Upper Volga, Middle Dnieper?. General distribution: Scandi- navia, Central Europe, Atlantic Europe (Great Britain). Described from Sweden, Type, probably, in Stockholm. Note: 1. A western species with the typical “autumn” late-flowering habit; unbranched or sparsely branched, comparatively early-flowering plants of E. parviflora are relatively rare, Similar plants, though collected at an early-flowering stage, but sufficiently late (on 19th August) and, moreover, flowering at same altitude as E. parviflora, were published in the GRF under No. 1578 V.N. Khitrovo, as a separate summer species under the name E. praecurta Chitr. We think that such a species does not actually exist in nature even in the USSR. 2. Reports of E. parviflora (E. curta) from regions farther east of the above-mentioned range of its distribution in USSR are doubtful and belong mostly to other species [E. glabrescens (Wettst.) Wiinst., form of E. tatarica Fisch.]. 28. E. uechtritziana Jung. and Engl. in Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. XVII (1867) 141.—E. coerulea Tausch. in sched. ad pl. select. Bohem. (1837), nomen seminudum; A. Kern. in sched. ad FI. exs. austro-hung. No. 149; Wettst. in Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. XLIV, 95; Monogr. Gatt. Euphr. 115.—E. officinalis y. coerulea Tausch. in Ott, Cat. d. Fl. Bohm. (1859) 13.—Ic.: Wettst. Monogr. Gatt. Euphr. tab. IV, f. 162-168 and tab. VII, f. 9—Exs.: Schultz, Herb. norm. n. s. No. 875, Kern. Fl. exs. austro-hung. No. 149. eee SS — eee Plate XXIX. 1. Euphrasia frigida Pugsl., general appearance of plant, 1a) corolla, 1b) calyx, 1c) floral leaf —2. E. drosophylla Juz. 2a) floral leaf, 2b) pubescence of floral leaf.—3. E. amblyodonta Juz., general appearance of plant, 3a) corolla, 3b) calyx, 3c) floral leaf, 2. pubescence of floral leaf —4. E. mollis (Ldb.) Wettst., 4a) floral leaf, 4b) pubescence of floral leaf, 4c) pubescence of calyx. 602 526 Annual. Stem erect, 5-20 cm tall, simple or sometimes weakly branched, reddish or brownish, covered with simple, slightly crispate, recurved hairs. Cauline leaves opposite, persistent up to flowering stage, lower leaves cuneate or cuneate-obovate, obtuse, with 1-3 obtuse teeth on either side, middle and upper leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, with 3-5 non- aristate teeth on either side; floral leaves similar to cauline, but broader and with sharper, also non-aristate teeth; all leaves pubescent similarly to E. parviflora, very rarely with isolated short-stalked hairs. Inflores- cence condensed at first, later interrupted, but few-flowered; flowers of typical shape, reddish violet, rarely white; in other features similar to E. parviflora, of which it is often recognized as an early race. June. Meadows, roadsides, ditches. European USSR: Upper Dnieper, Upper Dniester. General distribution: Central Europe (eastern part). Described from mountains along Izer. Type, probably, in Warsaw. Note. Species of doubtful taxonomic position, usually considered, as noted, as a spring race of E. parviflora; its actual relation to the latter, how- ever, is not quite clear. In any case, its area of distribution is quite different from that of E. parviflora. As already mentioned by Wettstein, quite differ- ent plants very often are called as E. uechtriziana (E. coerulea); therefore reports of it, particularly from various regions of European USSR, should be treated with great caution. It should be mentioned that this race has been cited by various authors for several regions of the flora of USSR besides the two mentioned above, but these reports, as a rule, are doubtful and the corresponding herbarium specimens are found to belong actually to other forms. Thus, plants from the Velikolutsk District of Pskov Region, distributed in GRF under No. 1580 with V.N. Khitrovo’s identification, probably are hybrids between E. tenuis f. subeglandulosa and E. parviflora Schagerst. 29. E. glabrescens (Wettst.) Wiinst. in Bot. Tidskr. 48, 1 Hf. (1946) 101-102.—E. curta var. glabrescens Wettst. Monogr. Gatt. Euphr. (1896) 133, saltem p. max. parte. —E. varians Ganesch. in sched.—Exs.: GRF, No. 1577. Annual. Stem 4—25 cm tall, erect, somewhat slender or rather thick, simple or profusely long-branched, mainly in lower 1/2 with erectopatent, generally flexuous, simple branches, reddish or brownish violet, covered with short and somewhat long, white, recurved bristles, longer and slightly crispate in upper part of stem. Lower cauline leaves elliptical or ovate, obtuse, with 1-3 subobtuse or obtuse teeth on either side; middle and up- per cauline leaves ovate or broadly ovate, broadest below middle, acute, with 4—7 acute or short-aristate teeth on either side; floral leaves broadly ovate or suborbicular, also with 4—7, but rather long-aristate teeth on either side; all leaves dark green, somewhat shiny when fresh, often blackening 603 527) when dry, paler beneath, with very prominent veins, almost striate-plicate, covered above generally near margin, beneath along veins, with scattered, short, simple, unicellular bristles, rarely diffusely pilose throughout or subglabrous and with short bristles only along teeth margin. Inflorescence condensed at first, later (often rather intensely) elongated; flowers subses- sile. Calyx hispid mainly along teeth margin and veins, scarcely inflated in fruit, somewhat long, with aristate teeth. Corolla 4—6 mm long, whitish, with dark blue or violet veins, and with yellow spot on lower lip. Capsule cuneate or obovate, truncate or subemarginate, long-ciliate along margin, otherwise diffusely pilulose, equaling calyx when mature, generally some- what shorter than calyx teeth, sometimes scarcely exceeding calyx. July to August (Plate XXVIII, fig. 4). Meadows, grass plots and pastures, forest edges (mainly coniferous and mixed), roadsides.—European USSR: Ladoga-Ilmen, Upper Dnieper, Upper Volga, Middle Dnieper, Dvina-Pechora, Volga-Kama. General dis- tribution: Scandinavia, Central Europe. Described from various points of the range of the species. Type not established so far. Note. The plant seems to be intermediate between E. parviflora and E. brevipila var. eglandulosa; it is more similar to E. parviflora, but is distinguished from it in general by weaker branches, strongly reduced pubescence, especially by the distinctly aristate teeth of the floral leaves and calyces, and by the somewhat larger flowers. While describing it under the name E. varians, S.S. Ganeschin assumed it to be a hybrid or of hybrid origin. Apparently, however, it has its own identity and in some places replaces E. parviflora, especially east of the latter’s range. We take as a basis the material described above, determined by S.S. Ganeschin as E. varians, but do not find reliable differences in it from Western European E. glabrescens even from the author’s description of the latter species (for E. glabrescens he has indicated, incidentally, the corolla length as 4 mm). S.S. Ganeschin, judging from his-notes on the herbarium specimens, also acknowledged the identity of his E. varians with E. curta var. glabrescens Wettst. Series 5. E. micranthae Juz—wWell developed plants often with fili- form stems. Leaves glabrous, shining, generally disproportionately small. Corolla small. Capsule emarginate. 30. E. micrantha Rchb. Fl. Germ. exc. (1831-1832) 358; Wettst. in Pflanzenfam. IV, 3b. 101.—E. officinalis y. gracilis Fr. in Fries and Broberg, Fl. Halland (1817) 104.—E. gracilis Fr. Nov. Fl. Suec. Mant. III (1842) 143; Summa veg. Scand. I, 195; Trautv. Increm. Fl. Ross. 589; Wettst. Monogr. Gatt. Euphr. 143.—E. rigidula Jord. Pug. pl. nov. (1852) 134.—Ic.: Rchb. Ic. fl. Germ. and Helv. XX, tab. 1732, f. IV, V and VI; Wettst. Monogr. Gatt. Euphr. tab. IV, f. 216-222, tab. VIII, f. 2 and 604 605 528 3.—Exs.: Schultz. Herb. norm. No. 1112, saltem p.p.: Baenitz, Herb. Eur. No. 3788; Dorfl. Herb. norm. No. 3360 and 3361; FI. Finl. exs. No. 390; Woloszcz. Fl. pol. exs. No. 555. Annual. Stem 3-30 cm tall, erect, straight, slender (often filiform) simple or with few opposite, erect, filiform branches in middle, glabrous or covered with scattered, short, whitish, slightly crispate, simple hairs, reddish or brownish with leaves (even lowest) persistent up to flower- ing stage. Lower leaves cuneate, obtuse, with 1-3 subobtuse teeth on either side; middle and upper leaves ovate, acute, broadest near base, with 3-4 acute, non-aristate teeth on either side; floral leaves almost opposite, broader, but shorter than cauline leaves, broadest near base, with 3-5 acute or (rarely) short-aristate teeth on either side, erect or erecto-patent like other leaves; all leaves small, much shorter than in- ternodes, green or reddish, entirely glabrous, shining in dry samples, not plicate, often blackening. Inflorescence condensed at first, later intensely elongated; flowers subsessile. Calyx glabrous, somewhat in- flated in fruit, with short, acute teeth. Corolla about 4-6 mm long, with bilobed upper lip, lobes entire or slightly denticulate; lower lip 3-lobed, lobes narrow, sinuate; corolla subglabrous outside, whitish, with blue stripes and yellow spot on lower lip or with pale sky-blue upper lip, or bluish or violet throughout. Capsule linear-obovate, equaling or exceed- ing calyx, emarginate, ciliate along margin, otherwise glabrous. June to September. Moors.—European USSR: Baltic Region. General distribution: Scan- dinavia, Central Europe. Described from Germany. Type in Vienna. Note. 1. Pugsley assigned this peculiar species to his series Latifoliae: to support him in this respect would be to concede too wide a range to the latter series. We preferred to segregate E. micrantha into a special series with a typically. Atlantic range. In addition to this species, the series should include, apparently, also E. foulaensis Towns. (Shetland Islands) and E. atripurpurea (Rostrup) Ostenf. (Faroe Islands). E. scottica Wettst., which is close to E. micrantha, probably has a hybrid origin (it occupies an intermediate position between E. micrantha and E. frigida Pugsl.). 2. In the territory of USSR, we know E. micrantha only from the Baltic Region. It is true that the Herbarium of the Botanical Institute of the Akad. Nauk SSSR has material from Leningrad Province and the Upper Volga Region (Torzhok) under the name E. gracilis f. pilifera Ganesch. In our opinion, it cannot be referred to E. micrantha, being a form or hybrid of E. parviflora. Series 6. Latifoliae Pugsl. Rev. Brit. Euphr. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. XLVIII (1930) 486.—Plant well developed, generally sparsely branched, often stunted. Leaves generally subglabrous or sparsely pubescent, rarely partly glandular, densely so in exceptional cases, with 606 529 non-aristate, often obtuse teeth. Corolla small or medium in size. Capsule somewhat broad, subobtuse or emarginate. 31. E. frigida Pugsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. XLVIII (1930) 490, in adnot.—E. latifolia Pursh, Fl. Am. sept. I (1814) 430, p.p. non L.; Wettst. Monogr. Gatt. Euphr. 136; Jorg. l.c. (1919) 99—E. arctica auct. plur. vix autem Lge.; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2480.—E. officinalis Lge. Overs. ov Gronl. Fl. (1880) 79, non L.; Schmalh. Fl. II, 290, p.p.—E. officinalis ¥. alpestris b. arctica Herder in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. (1884) 3, 46.—E. Offic- inalis 3. vulgaris Ldb. Fl. Ross. III (1847-1849) 263.—E. minima Wettst. lic. 151, p.p. and auct. plur. Scand. and Ross. non Jacq.—Ic.: Fl. Dan. No. 2910; Wettst. l.c. tab. IV, f. 194-199; tab. XI, f. 11 and 12; Jorg. l.c. tab. VIII, f. d-i, tab. IX, f. c-e, L-n, s-v.—Exs.: Dorfl. Herb. norm. No. 4736, No. 5148; Pl. Finl. exs. No. 1327, 1328, 1329. Annual. Stem 5-18(25) cm tall, erect or partially ascending, sin- gle or with few (1-3) slender, erect branches in lower part or mid- dle, sometimes profusely branched from base with intensely elongated branches, covered with whitish, slightly crispate, recurved hairs, green, reddish or brownish, with elongated internodes. Cauline leaves gener- ally rather distant, few, often alternate, very rarely internodes reduced and leaves approximate; leaves ovate or cuneate-obovate, obtuse, with 1—4(5) obtuse lateral teeth on either side and large rounded apical tooth, comparatively late-shedding; floral leaves, in contrast, approximate, gen- erally imbricate, broader and usually larger than cauline leaves, some- what broadly ovate or suborbicular, cuneate at base, subobtuse or short- pointed, with 3-6 large, deeply incised and more acute teeth on either side; teeth sometimes acuminate, but not aristate; all leaves covered, throughout or only along margin and veins beneath, with minute, fine white bristles, often mixed with very minute glandular hairs, rarely sub- glabrous, smooth or slightly rugose when dry. Flowers often appearing from 2nd to 4th node, subsessile. Calyx pubescent along veins and on teeth, (sometimes very weakly) or throughout, pubescence similar to leaves, with broad, usually obtuse teeth, accrescent in fruit. Corolla small or medium in size, scarcely exceeding bracts, dorsally 5-7 mm long, with tube not elongated after flowering stage; upper lip bilobed with spreading toothlike lobes, lower lip 3-lobed with sinuate lobes, usually whitish, with lilac or pale sky-blue upper lip, with yellow spot and dark lilac stripes on lower lip; upper lip comparatively narrow; lower lip longer, with middle lobe narrower and longer than lateral lobes. Capsule large, 5-8 mm long, oblong-elliptical, somewhat deeply emarginate, pilose, patently ciliate along margin, generally much longer than calyx, rarely equaling it, distinctly pedicellate. July to August (Plate XXIX, fig. 1). 607 530 Tundras, meadows and grass plots, cut-over forests (coniferous and birch), coastal regions, rocks.—European USSR. Karelia-Lapland, Dvina-Pechora, Volga-Kama (Central Urals); Western Siberia; Obsk Guba. General distribution: North America (Greenland, Labrador), Scandinavia. Described from Labrador and Greenland. Type in Prague..: Note. 1. Strongly variable species the Greenland plant should be taken as the type, a photograph of which is given in Wettstein’s work (l.c.) since the name proposed by Pugsley is a simple synonym of the species actually described under the name E. latifolia by Wettstein (and not by Pursh, as usually assumed). Comparatively narrow and small- leaved, extremely small-flowered forms of E. frigida with more or less, elongated internodes in the inflorescence were often assigned (also by the monographer of the genus, Wettstein) to E. minima Jacq., a high- mountains Western European species, which is absent, however, accord- ing to the latest ideas, in the flora of northern Europe and apparently is not found in its typical form in the USSR. 2. For Karelia-Lapland (Voroninsk) is reported also E. bottnica Kihlm. (E. macrantha Brenn. non Rchb.), characteristic of coastal Bot- nicheskii Bay (Wettstein, l.c. 299), which is close to this species. This report is probably wrong (compare Hulten’s “Atlas,” where this plant is not shown as growing in the Kola Peninsula). 32. E. tatrae Wettst. in Oesterr. bot. Zeitschr. XLIV (1894) 248; Monogr. Gatt. Euphr. 163.—E. minima var. carpathica Freyn in Sagorski u. Schneider, Fl. Centralkarp. Il (1891) 421, non E. carpathica Zapal.—E. officinalis var. alpestris Freyn in Verh. d. zool.-bot. Gesellsch. XXII (1872) 350.—Ic.: Wettst. Monogr. Gatt. Euphr. tab. IV, f. 256-261; tab. VID, f. 9—Exs.: Magnin. Fl. select. exs. No. 2015. Annual. Stem erect, straight, simple, generally thick, covered be- low with recurved, slightly crispate simple hairs. Lower leaves obo- vate, cuneate at base, with 1-3 teeth on either side and projecting obtuse-ovate or rounded and truncate tooth above; middle leaves dis- tinctly petiolate, cuneate at'base, with 3-5 oblong- or deltoid-lanceolate, sharp-pointed teeth on either side; upper leaves similar, but smaller; all leaves covered along margin and above with scattered, minute, bristles and isolated glands. Calyx eglandular or weakly glandular, with elon- gated, deltoid-lanceolate, short-pointed teeth. Corolla small, less than 5-6 mm long, with short tube, calyx teeth exceeding corolla throat by end of flowering stage; corolla throat covered in lower part with yel- low spots; upper lip bilobed, with reclinate, slightly mix sinuate lobes, whitish or pale violet, with 2-3 stripes on each lobe; lower lip 3-fid with rectangular oblong, sinuate or almost bilobed segments, yellow in middle, otherwise whitish or whitish violet, with 3 violet stripes 608 Do on each segment, rarely corolla yellow throughout. Style recurved at tip by end of flowering stage. Capsule oblong, emarginate, slightly or markedly longer than calyx teeth. July to September. In alpine mountain zone.—European USSR: Upper Dniester (Carpathian Mountains). General distribution: Central Europe (Carpathi- ans, Ispolinsk Mountains). Described from Tatra Mountains. Type in Vienna. Note. Eastern race of highly polymorphic Central European E. min- ima Jacq. described from Switzerland. 33. E. grossheimii Kem.-Nath. in Fl. Gruz. VII (1952) 603.—Ic.; Kem.-Nat, Lc. fig. 353. Annual. Plant 4-8 cm tall. Stem simple, dark violet, covered with short, crispate, recurved hairs, uniformly leafy. Leaves almost alternate, light green; cauline leaves obovate or elliptical, with one rounded tooth on either side, rounded at tip, covered on both surface with scattered, short, not very rigid bristles, denser along leaf margin; floral leaves scarcely larger than cauline, almost similar in shape, elliptical or ovate, similarly pubescent, with 2-3 obtuse or subobtuse, non-aristate or short- aristate teeth on either side. Inflorescence interrupted (not condensed), few-flowered; flowers appearing from 3rd node, very small, about 4 mm long, whitish, with pale sky-blue upper lip and yellow spot on lower lip. Calyx subsessile, about 4 mm long, with short bristles on midribs and teeth, otherwise subglabrous, accrescent in fruit, membranous, with short, lanceolate, subacute or subobtuse teeth. Capsule as long as calyx teeth, elliptical, not emarginate or scarcely so, ciliate along margin. July. In alpine zone—Caucasus: eastern Transcaucasia. Endemic. De- scribed from Mt. Tskhra-Tskharo. Type in Tbilisi. Note. 1. In 1923, we published (in Bot. mat. Gerb. Gl. Bot sada, IV, 8), a separate article on E. minima by the authors of the Caucasian Flora, in which they came to the conclusion that E. minima Jacq., ap- parently, is not found in the Caucasus, and that the Caucasian forms treated up to the time as E. minima actually belong mainly to E. petiolaris Wettst, s. 1. Discovery of E. grossheimii in the Caucasus has finally helped in finding the species which, it seems to us, is actually related to E. min- ima Jacq. Incidentally, this species is not widely known. We searched for this plant in Mt. Tskhra-Tskharo in 1954, but in vain. 2. The above description of this species was worked out by studying its type, but differs slightly from the author’s description. It should be noted that Kemularia-Nathadze assigned to E. grossheimii, besides Grossheim’s specimens, also some other plants, which it seems to us, do not belong here. 611 532 34. E. drosophylla Juz. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, XVII (1955).—E. drosocalyx Syreistsch. and’ auct. plur. fl. As. Med. in sched. non Freyn. Annual. Stem erect or partially ascending at base, simple, 2-6 cm tall, reddish, covered with somewhat short, slightly, crispate, recurved hairs, mixed with short-stalked glands in inflorescence. Lower cauline leaves short-elliptical, obtuse, with 1-2 obtuse teeth on either side; up- © per cauline leaves oblong or ovate, with 3-4 subobtuse or subacute teeth on either side; floral leaves slightly larger than upper cauline, similar in shape or often broadly ovate, with teeth rather acute, but not aristate; all leaves cuneate at base, sessile, green or reddish, covered on both surfaces with generally dense, minute, short-stalked glands mixed with isolated, very short bristles, denser only along teeth margins. Inflorescence very short, subcapitate, ellipsoid, not elongated even by end of flowering stage; flowers subsessile. Calyx rather densely covered along margins and veins with minute, short-stalked glands. Corolla very small, 4-5 mm long, sky- blue, with dark blue stripes and yellowish lower lip. Capsule narrowly oblong, rounded and scarcely emarginate at tip, finely ciliate along up- per margin, much longer than calyx when mature. August (Plate XXIX, fig. 2). Alpine grass plots and mixed grass slopes among juniper stands at 2000-2300 m.—Soviet Central Asia: Dzh.-Tarbagatai, (Dzhungar Ala- Tau). Endemic. Described from Mt. Koi-Tas in Chulak Region. Type in Leningrad. Note. This species has been referred until now to E. drosocalyx Freyn from Europe—Asia Minor (it was thus determined for the first time by D.P. Syreistschikov). However, it differs slightly from it by having trun- cated teeth in leaves, smaller flowers, and an almost non-emerginate cap- sule. It is now difficult to say whether it is really closely related to E. droso- calyx, or whether the similarity is due to the phenomenon of convergence (the latter seems more probable to us). 35. E. altaica Serg. in Tr. Biol. n.-i. inst. Tomsk. Gos. univ. I (1935) 81; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2481. Annual. Stem 2-6 cm tall, covered in lower part with recurved, slightly crispate hairs, reddish, with 2nd and 3rd internodes intensely elon- gated. Cauline leaves in 2-3 pairs, oblong or oblong-ovate, with 1—2 obtuse teeth on either side; bracts larger than leaves, up to 6 mm long, 4 mm broad, similar in shape, cuneate at base, with 2 (rarely 3) short and sub- acute teeth on either side; all leaves covered with short, simple bristles, Flowers 1—3(5), the first appearing on 2nd or 3rd node. Calyx up to 5 mm long, colored, with lanceolate, aristate teeth and similar pubescence as in leaves and bracts. Corolla 6.5-7(8) mm long, deep sky-blue, when dry 612 533 with dark violet veins. Capsule 6-7 mm long, ciliate along margin. July to August. In alpine zone, on rubbly slopes, in alpine tundra.—Western Siberia: Altai Mountains. Endemic. Described from vicinity of Lake Teletsk, Lake Dzhuvlyu-Kul and other places. Type in Tomsk. Note. Reliable specimens of this species were not available to us; our assessment of its characteristics and parentage, is based therefore, solely L.P. Sergievskaja’s work. Series 7. Molles Juz.—Plants similar to species of preceding series, but with leaves generally covered with dense, fine, somewhat soft, erect bristles. Calyx short, with subacute teeth. Flowers small, yellow. Capsule emarginate. Note. The “type” of this series, E. mollis (Ldb.) Wettst., was assigned by Pugsley to series Latifoliae. As in the case of E. micrantha Rchb., and on the same basis, we preferred to separate it, along with similar species, into another series. 36. E. mollis Ldb. ex Benth. in DC. Prodr. X (1846) 553 (nomen in synon.); Wettst. Monogr. Gatt. Euphr. (1896) 141.—E. officinalis . mollis Ldb. Fl. Ross. III (1847-1849) 263.—E. officinalis +. alpestris 1. mollis Herder in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. (1883) 3, 46.—Ic.: Wettst. l.c. tab. IV, f. 205-210; tab. XII, f. 5. Annual. Stem 2-15 cm tall, erect or partially ascending at base, sim- ple, with few short branches appearing from middle of stem; stem covered with whitish, slightly crispate, recurved, simple hairs, brownish; intern- odes generally elongated. Cauline leaves few, ovate or subcuneate, obtuse, with few (1-4) obtuse teeth on either side; floral leaves ovate or subor- bicular, subobtuse, with 4-6(7) subobtuse or acute, always non-aristate teeth on either side, generally imbricate; all leaves grayish due to dense, comparatively fine, somewhat soft, erect bristles, or such pubescence developing only weakly on upper leaf surface and only along margin and veins beneath. Inflorescence condensed, often subcapitate; flowers few, very small. Calyx about 3 mm, short, with rounded base, pubescent similarly to leaves, with broad, subacute teeth, scarcely accrescent in fruit. Corolla only slightly (up to 1-1.5 mm) longer than calyx, dorsally 3-4 mm long; upper lip bilobed, with horizontally spreading, slightly sinuate lobes; lower lip shorter than upper, 3-lobed, with sinuate lobes, apparently bright yellow, sometimes with lilac upper lip. Capsule ellipti- cal, emarginate, as long as calyx or slightly longer, ciliate along margin, otherwise subglabrous. July to September (Plate XXIX, fig. 4). Soviet Far East: Kamchatka. General distribution: North America (Aleutian Islands, Alaska). Described from Unalaska Island. Type in Leningrad. 534 613 505 Note. Assigned by Pugsley to series Latifoliae, this species, however, belongs (along with the following species) to a separate group with clear North American connections and, in particular, is next to North American E. disjuncta Fern. and Wiegand. 37. E. pseudomollis Juz. in Bot. Nat. Gerb. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR XVII (1955).—E. mollis Ishiyama, Ec. pl. S. Sagh. No. 1 (1932) 131; Sugawara, Illustr. Fl. Sagh. VI, 1655, non Wettst—Ic.: Sugawara, l.c. tab. 759 (pessima!). Annual. Stem 14-25 cm tall, erect or partially ascending at base, somewhat flexuous, moderately sometimes profusely branched in upper half, with branches almost reaching height of main stem, brownish, cov- ered with dense, whitish, slightly crispate and generally recurved sim- ple hairs. Cauline leaves oblong-ovate, sessile, broadly cuneate at base, or in uppermost leaves with truncate or rounded base, with about 7 tri- angular, subobtuse teeth on either side, caducous; floral leaves broadly ovate, with truncate or slightly rounded base, subobtuse, with 5-7 small subobtuse or subacute teeth on either side, imbricate; all leaves densely pubescent on both surfaces with short, fine bristles. Inflorescence short- elliptical or oblong, 1.5—4 cm long, compact, with internodes scarcely elongated; flowers numerous, larger than in E. mollis. Calyx about 4 mm long, narrowed at base, similarly but more weakly pubescent than leaves, with subacute, short-aristate teeth. Corolla much longer than calyx, up to 6 mm long, with lower lip exceeding upper. Mature capsule not known. August. Meadows and other grassy places——Soviet Far East; Sakhalin. De- scribed from Sakhalin (‘Traizisku’). Type in Leningrad. Note. E. pseudomollis is known to us from extremely limited and inadequate material and its status as a species needs confirmation. We feel that it differs from E. mollis in general appearance, form of the calyx and its teeth, larger corolla and elongated lower lip. Series 8. Amblyodontae Juz.—High-altitude Caucasian plant out- wardly similar to some species of series Latifoliae and Molles. Leaves hispid. Inflorescence subcapitate; flowers small, not yellow. Calyx with obtuse or subobtuse teeth. Capsule truncate at tip or slightly emarginate. Plate XXX. 1. Euphrasia petiolaris Wettst., general appearance of plant, la) corolla, Ib) calyx, Ic) flo- ral leaf, Id) pubescence of floral leaf—2. E. alboffii Chab., 2a) pubescence of stem, 2b) pubescence of floral leaf—3. E. adenocaulon Juz. 3a) pubescence of floral leaf, - 3b) pubescence of stem.—4. E. daghestanica Juz., pubescence of floral leaf—5. E. se- vanensis Juz., 5a) corolla, 5b) floral leaf—6. E. taurica Ganesch. 6a) corolla, 6b) floral leaf. 614 536 Note. Like the preceding series, this is established by us as a subdivi- sion of the much too heterogenous series Latifoliae Pugsl. sensu-lato (see note under E. amblyodonta Juz.). 38. E. amblyodonta Juz. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Fl. Bot. sada, IV, 8 (1923) 4; Pugsl. in Journ. Bot. LXXIV 287; Grossh. Opred. rast. Kavk. 317. Annual. Stem 2-10 cm tall, erect or partially ascending, simple or branched in lower part; branches few, opposite, simple or sometimes branched in turn, slightly flexuous; stem reddish or brownish, pubescent with whitish, recurved, slightly crispate, eglandular hairs. Lower cauline leaves obovate, obtuse, entire or with one obtuse tooth on either side; middle and upper leaves broadly ovate, obtuse, with rounded base, with 1-3 obtuse teeth on either side; floral leaves broadly ovate or suborbicu- lar, obtuse, subcordate at base, with 2-4 obtuse teeth on either side; all leaves green or sometimes reddish, covered along margin or throughout upper surface with scattered, whitish bristles; lower leaf surface often with minute whitish bristles only along veins, leaves sometimes subglabrous. Inflorescence very dense at first, later interrupted at least in lower part; flowers subsessile. Calyx about 3 mm long, with subobtuse or obtuse teeth, uniformly scattered with whitish bristles, accrescent in fruit. Corolla small, dorsally about 5 mm long, with tube not elongated at end of flowering a stage, with bilobed upper lip and 3-lobed lower, with sinuate lobes, whitish, often with pale lilac upper lip, with pale yellow spot on lower lip near throat, with two stripes on either side of upper lip. Capsule ovate or — elliptical, truncate of subemarginate, 4-6 mm long when mature, usually exceeding calyx, ciliate along margin, otherwise glabrous. July to August (Plate XXIX, fig. 3). In alpine mountain zone—Caucasus: Ciscaucasia, eastern Transcau- casia (Central Caucasian range and Mt. Tskhra-Tskharo). Endemic. De- scribed from Mt. Bermamut. Type in Leningrad. Note. Pugsley assigned this species to his ‘series’ Latifoliae Pugsl. We refuse to follow him mainly because very recently the species E. grossheimii Kem.-Nath. was described from the Caucasus which hardly differs from European E. minima Jacq. and at the same time is very remote from E. amblyodonta. Since E. minima, apparently, is actu- ally a member of series Latifoliae (some Scandinavian forms of E. frigida Pugsl. are difficult to distinguish from E. minima and were assumed to be same for long time), to assign to this series, besides E. grossheimii, yet another extremely dissimilar Caucasian species (found, moreover, side by side with it on Mt. Tskhra-Tskharo would be rather far-fetched. Besides, for E. amblyodonta, apparently, quite different affinities are noted (see note under next species). 615 537 39. E. Juzepczukii Denissova in Grossh. Opred. rast. Kavk. (1949) 317 (nomen); in Tr. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk ArmSSR, VII (1950) 64.—Ic.: Denisova, l.c. 64, fig. 4. Annual. Stem erect, 1-2.5 cm tall, simple or with 1-2 branches ap- pearing almost from base, covered with short, white, crispate, recurved hairs, eglandular. All leaves persistant until flowering stage; cauline leaves obovate, cuneate at base, rounded at tip, with one obtuse teeth on either side; floral leaves similar in shape, but larger, with 1-2 obtuse teeth on either side, often dark violet; all leaves pubescent with very minute, scattered bristles, mainly along teeth margin, upper leaf margin and veins beneath. Inflorescence very short, not longer than 1 cm, condensed, scarcely elongated after flowering; flowers on very short, but distinct pedicels. Calyx covered with scattered, very minute bristles, mainly along veins and on teeth, moderately broadening in fruit, with rather long teeth equaling about 2/5 of calyx length, subobtuse or subacute, usually vio- let, like upper part of calyx tube. Corolla extremely small, about 3 mm long with tube not elongating, narrowed at limb base, apparently whitish, without distinct stripes. Capsule elliptical, rounded at tip, not emarginate, ciliate along margin, shorter than calyx teeth. August. In alpine mountain zone, at 3000 m—Caucasus: southern Transcau- casia (Mount Aragats). Endemic. Described from Mount Aragats, toward East of Lake Sevlich. Holotype in Leningrad. Note. This little known species, apparently is weakly distinguished from E. amblyodonta. On the other hand, it approaches somewhat the Mediterranean E. willkommii Freyn, and perhaps is genetically related to it. If this closeness were to be confirmed by further research, E. willkommii would have to be removed from series Latifoliae Pugsl., where its position, incidentally, is unnatural, as is the position of E. amblyodonta (see above) and for the same reason (in Asia Minor, for example, E. willkommii and species undoubtedly closely related to E. minima Jacq. occur). Series 9. Alpinae Rothm. in Cavanillesia, VII, f. III (1935) 10, emend. Pugsl. in Journ. Bot. LXXIV (1936) 285.—Summer and autumn plant with glabrous or somewhat hispid, eglandular leaves. Corolla very large, with tube later elongated, with broad, elongated lower lip much exceeding upper. Capsule broad, somewhat emarginate. 40. E. kerneri Wettst. in Pflanzenfam, IV, 3b (1893) 101; Monogr. Gatt. Euphr. 204.—E. speciosa Kern. in Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. XXIV (1874) 115, non R. Br.—E. arguta Kern. in Sched. FI. exs. austro-hung. I (1881) 40, non R. Br.—lIc.: Wettst. lc. tab. V. f. 326-336; tab. IX, f. 10.—Exs.: Kerner, Fl. exs. austro-hung. No. 146; Schultz, Herb. norm. No. 2053. 616 617 538 Annual. Stem erect or ascending at base, branched (often profusely) almost from base or upper half, with generally elongated branches diverg- ing at acute angle, 8-40 cm tall, reddish or brownish, covered with slightly crispate, whitish, recurved hairs, eglandular. Lower cauline leaves broadly cuneate, with few teeth; middle and upper leaves ovate or elliptical, acute, with 4—7 triangular, sharp teeth on either side; floral leaves with 3-6 teeth on either side, teeth slightly incurved, long-acuminate, ending into mu- cro; all leaves eglandular, slightly asperate due to very minute bristles, especially along margin and veins. Inflorescence condensed at first, later intensely elongated; flowers short-pedicellate or subsessile. Calyx eglan- dular, teeth oblong-lanceolate, mucronate, asperate along margin. Corolla large, 10 mm long at first, reaching 13 mm by end of flowering stage, with tube exceeding calyx teeth, whitish, with yellow spot in throat and at base of lower lip, with dark violet stripes, often with uniformly violet up- per lip. Capsule oblong-obovate, emarginate, patently ciliate along margin, otherwise pilulose, reaching only up to half length of calyx teeth. July to August. Grassy slopes of mountains and hills European USSR: Upper Dni- ester. General distribution: Central Europe, Mediterranean Region (Italy). Described from Fiume (?). Type in Vienna. 41. E. picta Wimm. FI. v. Schles. III Aufl. (1857) 407; Wettst. Monogr. Gatt. Euphr. 204.—E. versicolor Halacsy and Braun, Nachtr. z. Fl. v. Nied.- Oesterr. (1882) 112.—E. officinalis b. picta Celakovsky, Prodr. (1881) 831.—Ic.: Wettst. l.c. tab. V, f. 337-342; tab. IX, f. 5—7.—Exs.: Kern. FI. exs. austro-hung. No. 917, p.p.; Dorfl. Herb. norm. No. 4737. Annual. Stem erect, simple or with few simple branches diverging at acute angle near middle or lower part, 1-25 cm tall, usually with elongated internodes, green or reddish, covered with short, slightly crispate, recurved hairs. Lower cauline leaves orbicular-cuneate, with 1—2 rounded teeth on either side; middle and upper cauline leaves almost short-petiolate, broadly ovate or orbicular, obtuse, with 3-5 obtuse or acute, but not aristate teeth on either side; floral leaves ovate, subacute or acute, with 3—7 short-pointed non-aristate teeth on either side; all leaves green or sometimes reddish, somewhat thin, slightly asperate due to very short bristles, eglandular. Inflo- rescence dense at first, later somewhat elongated. Calyx with short bristles along teeth margin and veins, eglandular. Corolla large, 9-11 mm long at initial flowering stage (dorsally measured), finally reaching up to 13 mm, with bilobed upper lip and sinuate, replicate lobes, 3-lobed lower lip and sinuate lobes, white, with violet upper lip, very rarely violet throughout, in both cases with violet stripes and with yellow spot on lower lip and in throat. Capsule oblong, obovate, emarginate, ciliate along margin, otherwise glabrous or hispidulous; calyx teeth exceeding capsule. June to August. 618 33h) Stony mountain slopes, alpine meadows and pastures——European USSR: Upper Dniester. General distribution: Central Europe. Described from Silesia. Type in Florence. Series 10. Petiolares Pugsl. in Journ. Bot. LXXIV (1938) 287.—Generally short, well-developed, rarely rather large plants, sparsely or profusely branched. Leaves generally with cuneate base, appearing short-petiolate, as a rule, with few teeth, subglabrous, glandular or hispid. Flowers generally distinctly pedicellate, pedicels short or rather long. Corolla small or. medium in size, sometimes rather large, finally with elongated tube. Capsule broad, emarginate. 42. E. peduncularis Juz. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, XVII (1955). Annual. Stem erect, 7-22 cm tall, straight or flexuous, simple or with isolated branches appearing from below middle, covered with fine recurved hairs, denser in inflorescence, somewhat reddish. Cauline leaves broadly ovate, short-petiolate, with cuneate or rounded base, obtuse, with 2—3 subobtuse or obtuse teeth on either side; floral leaves broadly ovate, obtuse, with 3-4 short and broad, subacute or short-pointed teeth on either side, often ending into hooked mucro; all leaves sparsely pubescent with somewhat fine bristles, mainly along margin and veins beneath. Inflores- cence elongated with distant nodes by end of flowering stage. Pedicels 1-2 mm long, distinct, 3 mm long in fruit. Calyx narrowly obconical, campanulate in fruit, 5—6 mm long, pubescent similarly to leaves, intensely accrescent in fruit, with somewhat short, broadly lanceolate teeth. Corolla medium in size, usually about 7 mm long, with lower lip exceeding upper, apparently whitish. Capsule broadly elliptical or broadly obovate, about 6 mm long, 3.5 mm broad, distinctly emarginate, scattered pilulose, ciliate along margin. July. In high-altitude and coniferous forest zones——Soviet Central Asia: Dzh.-Tarbagatai, Tien Shan. Endemic. Described from Trans-Alai Ala-Tau, Talgar River. Type in Leningrad. Note. It was not possible for us to study authentic material of E. sub- petiolaris Pugsl., described from the Himalayas and Chinese Turkestan. Judging from the description, it is close to E. peduncularis, but not identi- cal. The latter, in any case, is related to the Western Himalayan plant from Khur-Malik, which Pugsley assumes as type material for E. subpetiolaris. The plant from Chinese Turkestan (Tien Shan, Upper Kok-Su) is more likely to be identical to E. peduncularis. In our opinion, the relationship of this, as well as the next species, to series Petiolares Pugsl. is far from undisputable; it is based on the close- ness of these species to E. subpetiolaris, assigned to series Petiolares by the author of the latter himself. We accepted his viewpoint, chiefly because 619 540 we consider the possibility of producing actual Caucasian Petiolares from Himalayan Central Asian species as an interesting working hypothesis. 43. E. schugnanica Juz. in Bot. mat. Gerb. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, XVII (1955). Annual. Stem erect, straight, rather stout, or often well-developed, 3-35 cm tall, sometimes simple, but usually moderately branched at base; branches few or numerous, somewhat short or intensely elongated, di- verging at extreme acute angle, often reaching 3/4 of stem length; stem somewhat reddish, sparsely covered with fine, slightly crispate, recurved, whitish hairs. Lower cauline leaves ovate, with cuneate base, obtuse, with 2—4 subobtuse teeth on either side; floral leaves similar to cauline, but larger, with 3-5 acute, but not aristate teeth or (in uppermost leaves) very short-aristate teeth on either side; all leaves covered along margin, on up- per surface and along veins beneath with short, scattered bristles, eglandu- lar. Inflorescence generally somewhat intensely elongated, many-flowered; flowers distinctly pedicellate; pedicels much elongated (about 3 mm long) by end of flowering stage. Calyx obconical, with broad and long, very sharp teeth, nearly equaling tube, covered with scattered, somewhat short, simple hairs, eglandular, markedly accrescent in fruit. Corolla small, usu- ally 6-7 mm long, whitish, with pale lilac or bluish upper lip and with nar- rowly lobed lower lip, slightly exceeding upper, very sparsely pubescent outside. Capsule oblong-obovate, scarcely emarginate, shorter than calyx teeth, sparsely puberulent, ciliolate, along margin. July to August. Meadows and grass plots along banks of rivers and rivulets.—Soviet Central Asia: Pamiro-Alai (Shugnan, Pamir). Described from Shugnan, village of Gardzhun, between Vir and Sardyn. Type in Leningrad. Note. This species, placed by us next to the Tien Shan species E. peduncularis Juz., is undoubtedly closely related also to E. fedtschenkoana Wettst., we assume, as a result of hybridization (see note under E. fedtschenkoana). 44. E. alboffii Chab. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2 sér. vol. II (1902) 517; Grossh. Opred. rast. Kavk. 317.—E. minima Alb. in sched. non Schleich. Annual. Stem erect or ascending, 6-12 cm tall, well-developed, sim- ple or branched usually in lower half, sometimes profusely branched with short or rarely elongated branches, diverging at acute angle and usually flexuous; stem reddish or brownish violet, sparsely covered with whitish, short, recurved hairs. Lower cauline leaves obovate, with cuneate base, obtuse, with one obtuse tooth on either side; middle and upper leaves similar in shape, but larger and broader, with 1-2 subobtuse or subacute teeth on either side; floral leaves broadly ellipticat or suborbicular, acute, with 2-4 acute, but not aristate teeth on either side; leaves all green or 620 541 partly reddish, glabrous or hispidulous along teeth margin. Inflorescence condensed at first, later rather intensely elongated and interrupted. Pedicels distinct, later elongated. Calyx with scattered minute glands, usuaily some- what hispid along margin and veins, often violet in color, rather intensely accrescent in fruit, with long, narrow and sharp teeth, equaling or even exceeding tube, longer in upper flowers in inflorescence, compared with lower. Corolla large, 6-8 mm long at initial flowering stage, 10-12 mm at the end, with elongated tube, with whitish violet stripes; lower lip large, much longer than upper. Capsule oblong-obovate, subobtuse or weakly emarginate, puberulent or subglabrous, long-ciliate along margin, much shorter than calyx teeth. August to September (Plate XXX, fig. 2). Alpine meadows and pastures—Caucasus: western Transcaucasia (mainly in Abkhazia). Endemic. Described from “Mountains of Circassia.” Type in Geneva. Note. One of the most curious Caucasian forms of series Petiolares, seemingly a miniature form of the Central Asian E. schugnanica, but at the same time with flowers larger than in the latter. 45. E. macrodonta Juz. in Spisok rast. Gerb. fl. SSSR, XI (1949) 152. Annual. Stem erect, 4.5—13 cm tall, comparatively stout, sometimes sim- ple, but usually profusely branched almost from base, with straight or flexu- ous, rather stout, elongated branches, often as long as main stem, diverging at acute angle or somewhat spreading; stem almost dark violet, covered with somewhat short, slightly crispate, recurved hairs, often with mixture of iso- lated or scattered short-stalked glands in upper part. Lower cauline leaves cuneate-obovate, obtuse, with one obtuse tooth on either side; middle and up- per cauline leaves acute, narrowly obovate or broadly lanceolate, very sharp, with 2 large, elongated and very sharp, but not aristate, generally curved teeth on either side; floral leaves similar to upper cauline, but larger and broader, subrhombic, with 2-3 aristate, variably curved teeth on either side; all leaves green or often reddish lilac in parts, cuneate at base, flat, glabrous throughout or scattered with very minute subsessile glands above and along veins beneath, usually slightly recurved along teeth margin. Inflorescences (in branched samples) numerous, condensed, short and obconical at first, later somewhat elongated, but not interrupted; flowering distinctly pedicellate. Calyx glabrous or scattered with very minute, short-stalked glands, narrowly obconical, scarcely accrescent in fruit, with long and narrow, very sharp, often curved and sinuous teeth. Corolla (compared with plant height) large, 6—9 mm long, with tube elongated by end of flowering stage, whitish or pale violet, with darker upper lip and with few dark violet stripes; lower lip very large, much exceeding upper lip. Capsule narrowly cuneate-ovate, narrowed above, rounded at tip and emarginate, ciliate at tip, otherwise glabrous, much shorter than calyx teeth (reaching about half their length). June to September. 621 542 Subalpine meadows, spring-fed marshes, fissures in rocks.—Caucasus: Ciscaucasia (western part). Endemic. Described from watershed of Belaya and Laba rivers, Vsebaisk Station. Type in Leningrad. Note. Possibly only a local form of the preceding species though quite well distinguished from it by the character of the dentation of the bracted leaves. 46. E. kemulariae Juz. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, XVII (1955). Annual. Stem 3-11 cm tall, erect or partially ascending at base, well-developed, branched almost from base or often profusely branched; branches simple or branched in turn, elongated, often exceeding main stem, very well-developed, arcuate or flexuous; stem reddish to dark violet, covered with whitish, replicate hairs. Leaves short-petiolate or subsessile, lowermost cauline leaves cuneate-obovate, rounded at tip, with 1-2 very obtuse teeth on either side; middle and upper leaves: broader, obovate to broadly obovate, cuneate at base, obtuse or short-pointed, with 2 obtuse or subobtuse teeth on either side; floral leaves longer than cauline leaves, subrhombic, subacute, with 2, very rarely 3 subobtuse or subacute, but not aristate teeth on either side; all leaves bright green, eg- landular, subglabrous on both surfaces, but densely covered along margin with minute, whitish, curved bristles. Inflorescence elongated, rather lax, interrupted at base, 3-6.5 cm long in fruit; flowers distinctly pedicellate. Calyx 3-4 mm long, with long narrowly linear, very sharp teeth, covered similarly to midribs with minute bristles, otherwise subglabrous, almost non-accrescent in fruit. Corolla small, dorsally about 4-5 mm long, with tube elongated or scarcely so by end of flowering stage, with bilobed up- per lip and 3-lobed lower lip and narrow sinuate lobes, apparently whitish with violet stripes (yellowish when dry), pubescent outside. Capsule nar- rowly obovate, cuneate at base, slightly emarginate, long-ciliate along margin, otherwise subglabrous, much shorter than calyx teeth. August. In alpine zone——Caucasus: western Transcaucasia (Imeretia). De- scribed from Nakerala Range, township of Tskhra-Dzhvari. Endemic. Type in Tbilisi; isotype in Leningrad. Note. Species undoubtedly close to E. alboffii, but sharply differing from it by small leaves. 47. E. petiolaris Wettst. Monogr. Gatt. Euphr. (1896) 199; Grossh. Opred. rast. Kavk. 317.—E. coronata W. Bckr. in Fedde, Repert. XVII, 1-3 (1921) 426.—? E. officinalis 6. minima Ldb. FI. Ross. III (1847-1 849) 263.—Ic.: Wettst. l.c. tab. IV, 321-325. Annual. Stem short, 3-15 cm tall, erect or partially ascending, slen- der, with few or rather numerous, erect or ascending (arcuate) branches 622 623 543 in lower part, very rarely simple, reddish or almost black, covered with slightly crispate, whitish, simple hairs, sometimes mixed with few short glandular hairs (especially in upper part of plant under nodes). Cauline leaves usually small, cuneate-obovate, petiolelike narrowed toward base, obtuse, with 1—3 obtuse teeth on either side; floral leaves similar to cauline, generally larger, with 24 obtuse or acute, but not aristate teeth on either side; all leaves somewhat densely covered with minute glandular hairs. Inflorescence short at first, later elongated, but always dense; flowers on short, but distinct pedicels. Calyx pubescent similarly to leaves, with acute teeth, scarcely accrescent in fruit. Corolla dorsally 6-10 mm long, with tube elongated toward end of flowering stage, exceeding calyx; upper lip bilobed, with obtuse, entire or crenulate lobes, lower lip 3-lobed, with sinuate lobes; corolla whitish with pale violet upper lip. Capsule almost equaling calyx, elliptical, slightly emarginate, ciliate along margin, other- wise subglabrous. July to September (Plate XXX, fig. 1). Rocky places, meadows, grass plots in alpine and subalpine zones — Caucasus: Ciscaucasia, eastern and western Transcaucasia. General dis- tribution: Armenia-Kurdistan; reported also for Iran and Himalayas (7). Described from Lazistan. Type in Vienna. Isotype in Geneva. Note. There is no doubt that Wettstein, while describing E. petio- laris, confused various forms under this name, differing markedly from one another even by such features as size of flowers (to which Wettstein himself attached great importance and even based the subdivision of his subsection Semicarcaratae into the two large groups §1. Parviflorae and §2. Grandiflorae on it. This is corroborated as indicated by the variation in the measurements of the flowers of E. petiolaris made by Wettstein (I.c. 200) himself, as well as by the specimens of this species cited by him, many of which we were able to study. It seems to us that the compos- ite species “E. petiolaris,” basically corresponding with series Petiolares Pugsl. (s. str.,), includes large-flowered as well as small-flowered forms elementary species a fact which once more confirms the opinion already expressed in the literature that the taxonomic significance of this feature was exaggerated by Wettstein, and that the subdivision of the subsection into the two said groups is entirely unnatural. As shown by observations, the large-flowered Pettiolares are distributed mainly in the western parts, and the small-flowered form in the eastern parts of the Caucasian isthu- mus. The question arises, of course, as to which one of them is the “type” of E. petiolaris Wettst. It seems most correct to take the large-flowered E. petiolaris as such, since, firstly, Wettstein assigned his E. petiolaris to group Grandiflorae and, secondly, Wettstein apparently, knew only one of the large-flowered forms of this type, which is quite widely distributed. The assignment of the name E. petiolaris to his form, therefore, is quite appropriate. Thirdly, Wettstein gave first place in the list of specimens of 624 544 this large-flowered form (from Lazistan); one of these should be selected as the type of E. petiolaris Wettst; the best of all is Balansa’s specimen from Djimil, the diagram in Plate IV, 321-325. A photograph of Szovits’ specimen from “Russkaya Armentya. g. Kins”, (Armenia Rossica, m. kins), is given by Wettstein in his monograph in Plate XI, fig. 8, but the actual specimen which is referred to one of the small-flowered forms (E. sevanensis Juz.) is cited third by him in the list “specimina examinata”! It should, in our opinion, be rejected for the stated reasons as possible “type” of E. petiolaris. From a formal point of view, such a rejection is quite proper, since even Wettstein does not present this specimen as the type of his species, and, nowhere has he called it the “original specimen” as he had done in the case of the “type” of many other species. We did not see the type of E. coronata W. Bckr. from mount Karchkhala in Lazistan east of Batumi, collected by W. Rickmer- Rickmers, but do not perceive in the author’s description of this species any significant differences from E. petiolaris Wettst. s. str. 48. E. adenocaulon Juz. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, XVII (1955). Annual. Stem erect, 4-15 cm tall, slender or somewhat thick, very often simple, but usually with few or rather numerous (up to 5), erect, elon- gated branches, almost dark violet, covered with somewhat short, crispate, white hairs mixed with stalked glands from very base; stalks bicellular, but not well-developed; glands more dense in upper part of stem and in inflorescence. Cauline leaves small, cuneate-obovate, narrowed at base, with 1-2 obtuse teeth on either side; floral leaves larger, broadly ovate or orbicular, sometimes even broader than long, with 2-3 large, obtuse teeth on either side; all leaves often reddish, rather densely covered on both surfaces with short-stalked glands, mixed with very short bristles, especially dense along teeth margin. Inflorescence finally intensely elon- gated in lower part, interrupted, dense above; flowers short-pedicellate or subsessile. Calyx with pubescence similar to that of floral leaves, scarcely accrescent, teeth acute. Corolla, 7-9 mm long, whitish, with dark violet stripes; lobes of lower lip subequal. Capsule elliptical, rounded at tip, long-ciliate along margin, otherwise scattered puberulent or subglabrous, as long as calyx teeth or shorter. August (Plate XXX, fig. 3). Stony slopes and scrub in subalpine zone of mountains.—Caucasus: eastern Transcaucasia. Endemic. Described from southern Ossetia, near village of Edisi. Type in Leningrad. Note. For a long time we considered this species, discovered by us in 1923, as a local hybrid (E. petiolaris Wettst. x E. hirtella Jord. s.1.), as comparatively less important in taxonomic significance. We had to change 625 545 this viewpoint after discovering in the Herbarium of the Botanical Institute of the Akad. Nauk GruzSSR a specimen of E. adenocaulon Juz. from Upper Svanetia (village of Chibiani, community of Ushkul, collected by A.B. Shelkovnikov in 1911). 49. E. ossica Juz. in Spisok rast. Gerb. fl. SSSR, XI (1949) 152.—E. lebardensis Kem.-Nath. in Fl. Gruz. VII (1952) 613.—Ic.: Kem- Nat. l.c. fig. 356 (sub nom. E. lebardensis). Annual. Stem erect, 2-10 cm tall, rather slender, simple or often branched is lower half (sometimes from base), with branches diverging at acute angle or spreading, green or often reddish or dark (almost black- ish) violet, covered with short, slightly crispate, generally recurved hairs mixed with few, very minute short-stalked or subsessile glands in upper part of stem. Cauline leaves small, cuneate-obovate, obtuse, with 1-2 ob- tuse teeth on either side; floral leaves larger and broader than cauline, often suborbicular, with 2-4 (usually 3) obtuse teeth, often with almost rounded tip on either side; all leaves green or often partly reddish, broadly cuneate at base, subsessile, flat or scarcely striate-rugose, covered with scattered, very minute short-stalked glands, often mixed with very short bristles (especially along teeth margin). Inflorescence condensed at first, later moderately elongated; flowers somewhat distinctly pedicellate. Calyx hispidulous, covered with short-stalked glands, scarcely accrescent, with acute teeth. Corolla small, 4-5 mm long, tube not elongated by end of flowering stage, whitish, with dark blue stripes. Capsule elliptical, orbicu- lar, almost non-emarginate, long-ciliate along margin, otherwise glabrous, shorter than calyx teeth. July to August. In alpine meadows and pastures, along stony slopes in alpine zone of mountains.—Caucasus: Ciscaucasia, eastern Transcaucasia, Dagestan. Endemic. Described from southern Ossetia. Type in Leningrad. Note. In southern Ossetia from where we described it, this species was found along with more or less typical E. petiolaris Wettst. However, we never found both of them growing together here. 50. E. sevanensis Juz. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, XVII (1955).—E. petiolaris Wettst. Monogr. Gatt. Euphr. (1896) 199, p.p. (quoad pl. Szovitsii em. Kins Armeniae Rossicae). Annual. Stem erect, 2-8 cm tall, slender or sometimes rather stout, simple or branched in lower half, generally with few branches diverging at very acute angle, generally dark violet, covered with short, white, crispate, recurved hairs, mixed with isolated or scattered short-stalked glands on in- florescence and under it. Lower cauline leaves obovate, cuneate at base, obtuse, with 1—2 obtuse teeth on either side; upper cauline leaves subor- bicular, with rounded or very broad and short-cuneate base, obtuse, with 626 546 2-3 obtuse teeth on either side; floral leaves similar to upper cauline, but more distinctly broadly cuneate at base and with up to 4 teeth on either side; all leaves dark green, flat, or scarcely striate-rugose beneath, usu- ally distinctly recurved along margin when dry, covered on both surfaces with scattered, dense, short-stalked glands, generally profusely mixed with somewhat short bristles along leaf margin. Inflorescence extremely con- densed, often capitate at first, later comparatively moderately elongated, oblong-ellipsoid, not interrupted, floral leaves thus remaining imbricate; flowers short-pedicellate. Calyx covered with short-stalked glands, mixed with bristles mainly along teeth margin, scarcely accrescent, with suba- cute teeth shorter than tube. Corolla small, 4-6 mm long, with tube later elongated or scarcely so by end of flowering stage, whitish with pale lilac upper lip and dark violet stripes. Capsule oblong-elliptical, rounded or scarcely emarginate above, with long, fine ciliae along margin, longer than calyx teeth when mature. August (Plate XXX, fig. 5). Grassy slopes mountains zone in alpine. Caucasus: eastern and south- ern Transcaucasia. Described from southern slopes of Shakhdag Range. Gyunaika River. Type in Leningrad. | Note. It is not clear how Wettstein could confuse this small-flowered species with E. petiolaris, which he assigned to his group Grandiflorae Wettst., and even illustrated in his monograph as E. petiolaris. By their general appearance, small specimens of E. sevanensis can, on superficial study, be mistaken for a species as distant from E. petiolaris Wettst. as E. amblyodonta. Juz. 51. E. daghestanica Juz. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, XVII (1955). Annual. Stem erect, 2—9 cm tall, simple or usually branched in lower half with branches diverging at acute angle or almost patent, usually dark violet, covered with short, whitish, recurved, generally crispate hairs, eg- landular. Cauline leaves obovate, cuneate at base, obtuse or rounded above, with 1—2 obtuse teeth on either side; floral leaves larger and broader than cauline, broadly obovate to suborbicular, with obtuse, sometimes subacute teeth; all leaves dark green, pubescent with short bristles on upper sur- face near margin and mainly along veins beneath, but especially densely along leaf margin and teeth. Inflorescence short, condensed at first, later markedly elongated, but with less distant lower flowers; flowers distinctly pedicellate. Calyx covered with scattered short bristles, mixed with few, very minute short-stalked glands, somewhat broadened in fruit, with long, rather acute teeth nearly equaling tube, usually not colored. Corolla small, 4—6 mm long, with almost non-elongated cylindrical tube and small lower lip scarcely exceeding upper, whitish, with dark violet stripes and yellow spot on lower lip. Capsule elliptical, obtuse, scarcely emarginate, diffusely 627 547 pilose in upper part, long-ciliate along margin, nearly equaling calyx. July to August (Plate XXX, fig. 4). Alpine pastures, calcareous rocks in alpine zone, rhododendron undergrowth.—Caucasus: Dagestan. Described from Samur Region, near village of Kurush (from Alekseenko’s collections). Type and paratypes in Leningrad. Note. A curious plant, in most of its characteristics very similar to races the of the type E. petiolaris s. 1. (E. ossica Juz., E. sevanensis Juz.I, but with the pubescence of E. amblyodonta. It suggests a hybrid origin. 52. E. woronowii Juz. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, XVII (1955). Annual. Stem 5.5—11 cm tall, slender, erect or somewhat ascending at base, straight, simple or with one branch below middle, brownish vio- let, pubescent with hitish, recurved, short hairs. Cauline leaves shedding by fruiting stage. Inflorescence lax; floral leaves, like flowers, somewhat spaced (lower leaves more distant), broadly ovate, petiolelike narrowed at base, with 2-4 acute and short-aristate teeth on either side, small, up to 5 mm long and broad, with somewhat dense, minute bristles along margin and with similar, but scattered bristles on upper surface, subglabrous be- neath. Flowers somewhat large, as compared with small plant size. Calyx hispid especially along veins and teeth, scarcely inflated in fruit, teeth acute with short-aristate cusp, equaling about 1/3 calyx length. Corolla up to 7 mm long, whitish, with violet stripes and yellow spot in throat. Capsule equaling calyx teeth; obtuse, ciliate along margin, on short, but distinct pedicel. August. In alpine zone (boulders at 2400 m)—Caucasus: Eastern Transcau- casia (in southern Ossetia). Endemic. Described from Khodze-Khor rocks. Type in Tbilisi. Note. At first glimpse, the plant gives the impression of being a stunted form of E. tatarica, but more careful study reveals some features charac- teristic of species of series petiolares. It very likely is of hybrid origin. It is abundant, however, even in absence of possible “parents.” 53. E. taurica Ganesch. apud Poplawska, Spisok rast. sobr. v. Krymsk. Gos. zapov. (1931)87; Juzepczuk in Spisok rast. Gerb. fl. SSSR, XI, 151.—E. willkommii Wettst. Monogr. Gatt. Euphr. (1896) 163, p.p. and auct. fl. Taur. non Freyn.—Exs.: Gerb. fl. SSSR, No. 3475. Annual. Stem 2-8 cm tall, erect or ascending in lower part or almost from base, generally branched, sometimes profusely; branches simple or sometimes branched in turn, slightly flexuous; stem reddish or brown- ish, covered with minute, whitish, replicate hairs and short-stalked glands. Leaves sessile; lower cauline broadly obovate; middle subelliptical, obtuse, 628 548 narrowed at base, with two obtuse teeth on either side; upper leaves rhom- bic, acute, with two teeth on either side, of which lower teeth long tapering, upper shorter and broader, subacute; floral leaves crowded, broadly rhom- bic, acute, cuneate at base, with 2 large, elongated, erecto-patent, slightly curved or almost flexuous, very sharp teeth on either side; all leaves dark green or reddish, covered on both surfaces with scattered or rather dense, very minute short-stalked glands and whitish 1-—3-cellular curved bris- tles. Inflorescence short, or on main stem rather elongated, very dense or on main stem slightly interrupted in lower part; flowers on short or very short pedicels. Calyx about 6 mm long, with elongated acute teeth, uniformly densely covered with short-stalked glands mixed with minute bristles, accrescent in fruit. Corolla small, dorsally about 5 mm long, with tube not elongated by end of flowering stage, with bilobed upper lip and 3-lobed lower lip, with sinuate lobes, whitish, pubescent outside. Capsule narrowly obovate or elliptical, truncate at tip, short-pointed, slightly nar- rowed at base, about 5 mm long when mature, shorter than calyx teeth, ciliate along margin, otherwise subglabrous. July to August (Plate XXX, fig. 6). Rocky, stony and grassy places in Yailas (mountain pastures).—Euro- pean USSR: Crimea. Endemic. Described from Chatyrdag. Type in Lenin- grad. Note. Although Wettstein took this remarkable plant for E. willkommii Freyn, it apparently is closer to quite another taxonomic group, namely, series Petiolares Pugsl. Pugsley assigned E. willkommii to series Latifoliae Pugsl. (incidentally, it is clearly an artificial group, in his opinion). From other representatives of series Petiolares (and, in particular, its glandular forms), E. taurica, is distinguished by sessile flowers. Series Il. Hirtellae Pugsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. XLVIII (1930) 521.—Plant of variable habit. Leaves covered with multicellular, glandular hairs. Corolla of variable size, from small to very large, with elongated lower lip much longer than upper. Capsule broad, somewhat emarginate. Note. One of the most natural series of those comprising the subsec- tion. Strangely, this fact escaped Wettstein when he established two such species as E. rostkoviana and E. hirtella, taxonomically far from each other on the basis of differences in flower size. Only after the discovery of such species as E. fennica, connecting these types, did their close relationship became clear. 54. E. amurensis. Freyn in Oesterr. Bot. Zeitechr. LII (1902) 404.—E. hirtella var. ramosa Freyn in Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. LI (1901) 73.—E. amurensis x hirtella (= E. ramosa) W. Bckr. in Fedde, Repert. XVII (1921) 127.—E. hirtella var. karoiana W. Bckr. l.c—E. amurica Freyn in sched.—E. manshurica Plachtij 631 632 549 in sched.—E. schlagintweitii Wettst. Monogr. Gatt. Euphr. (1896) 181. p, min. part. (quoad pl. dahuricam). Annual. Stem 12-40 cm tall, erect, straight, sometimes simple, more often, however, branched from middle or upper 2/3, or profusely branched, with elongated, almost erect or spreading branches, green, reddish or brownish, densely covered with crispate, patent multicellular, glandular and recurved simple hairs; stem and branches almost villous in upper part. Cauline leaves opposite, lower sessile, oblong-elliptical, cuneate at base, obtuse, with 3-4 obtuse teeth on either side; numerous upper cauline leaves cuneate-ovate, often subpetiolate, subobtuse or acute, with 4—6 teeth on either side, of which lower 1-2 narrowly triangular, acute, others oblique- ovate, subobtuse or subacute; leaves on branches similar to cauline, but smaller, with 4—5 acute teeth; floral leaves opposite, ovate, broadest in lower 3rd part, rounded or usually broadly cuneate at base, with 5(6) acute teeth on either side, lower (or all) of them subaristate, moderately or profusely glandular on both surfaces, with prominent veins beneath; all leaves dark green, sparsely pubescent above, covered with simple bristles and short-stalked glands, covered beneath with long glandular hairs and al- most villous along veins. Inflorescence condensed at first, later interrupted; flowers subsessile. Calyx covered with dense, soft, slightly crispate, glan- dular hairs, accrescent in fruit, with elongated triangular, short-aristate teeth, erect or slightly deflexed at tips. Corolla 8-12 mm long, white or Sometimes with light lilac upper lip, generally with dark violet stripes, in exceptional cases uniformly purple; upper lip bilobed, with recurved, bidentate lobes, sparsely villous outside along back edge; lower lip 3- lobed, lobes again bilobed, subglabrous or sparsely puberulent beneath. Capsule oblong, distinctly emarginate, shorter, as long as or longer than calyx teeth, ciliate along margin, otherwise covered with somewhat long, erect or subpatent hairs. June to August (Plate XXXI, fig. 1). Birch and other forests, forest meadows, logging areas—Soviet Far East: Zeya-Bureya. Endemic? Described from Blagoveshchensk. Isotype in Leningrad. Note. This Soviet Far Eastern species, which was actually unknown to Wettstein, is apparently closely related first of all to the Western Euro- pean E. rostkoviana Hayne, and is one more example of the disjunction, characteristic of a very large number of elements of the deciduous forests of Eurasia. Moreover, E. amurensis can be related also to the Himalayan E. schlagintweitii Wettst. Incidentally, Wettstein reported the latter for Al- tai Mountains (from Dumberg’s specimen and for Dauriya (obviously from Sosnin’s specimen). We do not know what the Altai Plant actually was, since we did not see it (perhaps E. krassnovii Juz. ?). The plant from Dau- riya, apparently, is related to E. amurensis. The report of E. schlagintweitii from Central Asia is also doubtful. 550 633 S5yl 55. E. rostkoviana Hayne, Arzneigewachse, IX (1823) tab. 7: Wettst. Monogr. Gatt. Euphr. 183.—E. officinalis L. Sp. pl. (1753) 664. p.p. and auct. mult. s. str—E. pratensis Fr. Nov. Fl. Suec. (1828) 198.—E. offi- cinalis a. pratensis Koch in Rohl. Deutsch. Fl. IV (1833) 346.—E. offi- cinalis a. grandiflora Wallr. Sched. crit. (1822) 320—E. officinalis a. vulgaris Spenner, Fl. Friburg. I (1825) 362; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 552 (sub .).—E. officinalis a. rostkoviana Rohrer and Meyer, Vorarb. z. einer Fl. d. Mahr. Gouv. (1835) 136.—Ic.: Hayne, |.c.: Strum. Deutschl. FI., I Abt. 3 Bdch.; Sowerby in Engl. Bot. Third ed. vol. VI, tab. 991; Wettst. l.c. tab. V. f. 301-313, tab. IX. f. 1—Exs.: Fl. exs. austro-hung. No. 150; Schultz, Herv. norm. nov. ser. No. 1839; Woloszcz. Fl. pol. exs. No. 556a. Annual. Stem 10-50 cm tall, erect or partially ascending, usually branched in lower part, with opposite, partially ascending branches, branched in turn, very rarely simple, green, reddish or brownish, covered with whitish, recurved, slightly crispate hairs, and with long glandu- lar hairs on nodes in some places and along internodes. Lower leaves curieate, obtuse, with few obtuse teeth; middle and upper leaves ovate, short-pointed, with 3-6 acute, but not aristate teeth on either side; floral leaves almost opposite, similar to cauline, but shorter and broader, grad- ually tapering above; uppermost leaves often cuneate at base, with more acute (but not aristate teeth; all leaves green, rarely turning red, plicate- striated beneath, somewhat densely covered with whitish simple bristles (especially floral leaves at base) and long, articulate, multicellular hairs. Inflorescence condensed at first, later elongated, flowers subsessile. Calyx with pubescence similar to that of leaves, always glandular, not accrescent in fruit. Corolla large, dorsally 9-11 mm long at first, 11-14 mm long at end of flowering stage, with elongated tube much exceeding calyx, with bilobed upper lip and sinuate or bilobular, replicate lobes, with 3-lobed lower lip and sinuate lobes, white, with violet upper lip and lower lip with yellow spot and violet stripes, yellow in throat, sometimes violet through- out, rarely both lips white. Capsule elliptical, emarginate, not exceeding or scarcely exceeding calyx teeth, long ciliate along margin, otherwise pilulose. June to October. Light deciduous forests, forest edges, scrub, meadows and other grassy places—European USSR: Baltic Region, Upper Dnieper, Upper Volga, Middle Dnieper, Volga-Don, Upper Dniester. General Plate XXXI. 1. Euphrasia amurensis Freyn, general appearance of plant. 1a) corolla, 1b) calyx, 1c) floral leaf, 1d) cauline leaf, le) pubescence of floral leaf. 1f) pubescence of stem, 1g) pubescence of calyx.—2. E. hirtella Jord.: 2a) corolla, 2b) calyx, 2c) calyx with capsule, 2d) floral leaf, 2e) pubescence of calyx, 2f) pubescence of floral leaf, 2g) pubescence of stem. 634 52 distribution: Scandinavia. Central and Atlantic Europe, Balkan States- Asia Minor (northern part of Balkan Peninsula). Mediterranean Region (northern Italy). Described from Saxony, Aschersleben. Type in Prague. Note. Real Western European E. rostkoviana, a form with exception- ally large flowers and the typical autumn habit, is found only in the west- ern regions of the USSR. According to V.N. Khitrovo, the race growing here is not typical E. rostkoviana, but a distinct summer race of this type, which is the original undifferentiated form, from which have evolved both, E. rostkoviana s. str. and E. montana Jord. and to which he gave the name E. praerostkoviana Chitr. V.N. Khitrovo did not note, however, the fact that the forms combined by him under this name have, in most cases, small flowers compared with E. rostkoviana and E. montana, and pos- sibly, basically belong to a hybrid complex presently, called E. fennica Kihlm. (see below). Economic importance: Earlier, this was considered a medicinal plant, and was used in the treatment of ophthalmic diseases. It is now used only in homeopathy (in the form of an essence prepared from a fresh plant in the flowering stage) and also in popular medicine. It contains the glucoside aucubine, tannin, an essential oil and an aromatic resin. - 56. E. montana Jord. in Mém. de 1’Ac. Nat. de Lyon, cl. de sc. I (1851) 343 (seorsum impr. 132): Wettst. Monogr. Gatt. Euphr. 194,—Ic.: Wettst. l.c. tab. V, f. 314-320, tab. IX, f. 2-4—Exs.: Dorfl. Herb. norm. No. 3362; GRF, 1581a. Annual. Stem simple or rarely with few straight, almost erect branches in upper part, 5-25 cm tall. Lower cauline leaves cuneate or cuneate- ovate, obtuse, with few obtuse teeth; upper leaves ovate, obtuse, with 3-5 obtuse teeth on either side, both distantly spaced; floral leaves sub- opposite, similar to cauline, but broader, acute, with elongated and pointed teeth. Inflorescence condensed at first, later moderately elongated; first flowers appearing on 2-6(7)th node. Corolla large, 9-11 mm long at first, 11-14 mm long with tube exceeding calyx at end of flowering stage. In other features similar to E. rostkoviana Hayne, of which it is early- flowering meadow race. May to June. Meadows.—European USSR: Baltic Region, Ladoga-IImen? Upper Dnieper, Upper Volga, Volga-Don, Middle Dnieper, Upper Dniester. Gen- eral distribution: Scandinavia, Central and Atlantic Europe. Described from France. Type not known. Note. The distribution range of this species in the USSR is not clear, Since specimens of E. onegensis Cajand. are often cited under it. Thus, for example, the specimens issued in the GRF from Pskov District under No. 1581 most likely belong to E. onegensis (cf.). 635 553 57. E. fennica Kihlm. in Meddel. af Soc. pro. F. and Fl. Fenn. 24 (1900) 92; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2486.—E. fennica ssp. aestivalis Ganesch. in Maevsk., Fl. ed. 6 (1933) 611—E. praerostkoviana Chitr. in Tr. Bot. muz. III (1907) 27, saltem p. max. p.; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2487.—Exs.: GRF, No. 330, 1674; Pl. Finl. exs. No. 354, 931 and 932 (f. macrantha). Annual. Stem 10-20(40) cm tall, erect, well-developed, simple or often with few slender branches in lower or middle part, covered with crispate whitish hairs mixed with glandular hairs; branches sometimes branched in turn. Leaves sub-opposite, often very distant, upper ovate, with 4-6 acute, identical teeth on either side, green, covered with short bristles and long (especially at leaf base), articulate, glandular hairs; floral leaves broadly ovate or suborbicular, with 5-8-pointed teeth on either side, with pubescence similar to that of cauline leaves. Inflorescence al- most always elongated, denser (at flowering stage) only at tip. Calyx non- accrescent, usually slightly longer than mature capsule, with pubescence similar to that of leaves. Corolla (5.5)7-8(9) mm long, with tube scarcely elongated, whitish; lower lip with yellow spot in throat and violet stripes. Capsule ovate or narrowly ovate, emarginate. July to August. Meadows, glades and other grassy places, scrub, cut-over forests, forest edges, logging areas, wastelands, fallow lands, among crops.—European USSR: Karelia-Lapland, Dvina-Pechora, Volga-Kama, Ladoga-Ilmen, Upper Dnieper, Upper Volga, Middle Dnieper, Volga- Don. General distribution: Scandinavia. Described from Finland. Type in Helsinki. Note. A polymorphic species, which is a complex of fairly heteroge- nous forms intermediate between E. rostkoviana Hayne and E. hirtella Jord. These forms grow in places close to the distribution range of both these species and, apparently, have hybrid significance. They are rather widely distributed and their range markedly exceeds, for sample, the range of Picea fennica (Rgl.) Kom., significantly carrying the same epithet as E. fennica and, perhaps, having a similar origin. Especially large-flowered specimens of this species (E. fennica f. macrantha) are indistinguishable from E. praerostkoviana Chitr., species described from “Central Russia” (type from the former Bolkhovsk logging in the Orlovsk District, Vytebet River), which, however, was taken by its author as the separate summer race, E. rostkoviana, not yet differ- entiated into E. rostkoviana s. str. and E. montana (see also note under E. rostkoviana Hayne and E. hirtella Jord.) 58. E. onegensis Cajand. in Veg. Alluv. Onega Thal (1915) 54, nomen; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2486.—E. fennica ssp. praecox Ganesch. in Maevsk. Fl. ed. 6 (1933) 611. 636 554 Annual. Stem simple or weakly branched, 10-20 cm tall, Cauline leaves oblong, with 2—3 teeth on either side, distantly spaced; floral leaves broadly ovate, with 2-4 acuminate teeth on either side. First flower appear- ing on 3rd or 4th node. Corolla 7-8(9) mm long. In other characteristics similar to E. fennica Kihim., constituting its early-flowering meadow race. June. Damp meadows. European USSR: Karelia-Lapland, Dvina-Pechora, Volga-Kama, Ladoga-IlImen, Upper Dnieper, Upper Volga, Volga-Don, Volga-Kama; Western Siberia: Ob’ Region. General distribution: Scan- dinavia. Described from Prionezhye. Type in Helsinki. Note. A comparatively early-flowering wetland differentiated meadow race of preceding species. 59. E. hirtella Jord. in Reuter in Compt. rend. d. |. soc. Haller. IV (1854-1856) 120; Wettst. Monogr. Gatt. Euphr. 175;—Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2434; Grossh. Opred. rast. Kavk. 317.—E. nemorosa (3. pecti- nata Rchb. Fl. Germ. exc. (1830-1832) 358.—E. officinalis a. im- bricata Benth. in DC. Prodr. X (1846) 552.—E. tatarica Ldb. FI. alt. II (1830) 423, non Fischer.—E. officinalis a. latifolia Ldb. FI. Ross. III (1847-1849) 263, p.p.—E. officinalis y. tatarica Boiss. FI. or. IV (1879) 462, p.p—E. officinalis 6. hirtella Kryl. Fl. alt. IV (1904) 956.—E. polyadena Gr. and Roux, sec. Camus Cat. d. pl. d. Fr. (1888) 214.—E. brandisii Freyn in Verh. zool.-bot. Gesellsch. XX XVIII, (1888) 623.—E. krylovii Serg. in Tr. Biol. n.-i. inst. Tomsk. Gos. univ. I (1935) 90; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2485.—E. hirtella ssp. aestivalis Ganesch. in Maevsk. Fl. ed. 6 (1933) 611.—E. lepida Stank. Opred. (1949) 812, non Chab.—lIc.: Ldb. Ic. Fl. Ross. V, tab. 435; Wettst. l.c. tab. IV, f. 278-290; tab. VIII, f. 4-7.—Exs.: Schultz, Herb. norm. nov. ser. No. 1188 p.p. and No. 2570 (nom. E. brandisii). Annual. Stem 3-40 cm tall, erect, straight, usually well-developed, rarely rather stout, simple or rarely branched in upper half with branches diverging at acute angle, pale or variably turning red or lilac, later usu- ally brownish, covered with somewhat long patent, crispaté, multicellu- lar, simple and glandular hairs mixed with few unicellular, somewhat short, simple hairs. Lower leaves cuneate-ovate, obtuse, with few ob- tuse teeth; upper cauline leaves narrowly or broadly ovate to suborbic- ular, with rounded or truncate base, subacute, with 3-6 obtuse or sub- acute teeth on either side; floral leaves ovate or often broadly ovate, up to orbicular or broadly deltoid, acute, with 3-8 acute or acuminate teeth on either side, often imbricate; all leaves covered with generally densé (especially beneath, near base) long multicellular glandular hairs mixed with somewhat long bristles, with very prominent veins beneath, grayish green or rather bright green, usually not turning black when 637 555 dry. Inflorescence dense at first, later (after flowering) somewhat (of- ten very) lax and elongated. Calyx 4—5 mm long, with pubescence sim- ilar to that of leaves, moderately accrescent, with acute, lanceolate, non- aristate teeth, glandular-pubescent up to tip. Corolla small; 4-6(7) mm long, whitish or generally with pale violet upper lip, with dark violet stripes and with yellow spot on lower lip. Capsule ovate or narrowly ovate, emarginate, ciliate along margin, otherwise pilulose (especially in upper part), equaling or slightly exceeding calyx. June to August (Plate XXXI, fig. 2). Meadows, grassy steppes, forest glades and other grassy places, scrub, forest edges, deciduous, coniferous and mixed forests.—European USSR: Dvina-Pechora, Ladoga-IImen (?). Upper Volga, Volga-Kama, Volga-Don: Caucasus: all regions except Talysh; Western Siberia: Ob’ Region, Altai Mountains; Eastern Siberia: Yenisey, Angara-Sayan, Dau- ria: Soviet Central Asia: Dzh.-Tarbagatai. General distribution: Central and Atlantic Europe, Balkan States-Asia Minor, Dzh.-Kashgar, India- Himalayas, Mongolia. Described from France. Type, probably, in Paris (or in London?). Note. A fairly polymorphic species with a large, discontinuous range; the forms presently combined under this name are in need of careful study; possibly, it will prove to be a composite species. It is related to this species with the summer habit. Occupying the vast expanse of Siberia and the Ural Region in the eastern part of its range, situated in the gap between the areas of E. amurensis and E. rostkoviana, E. hirtella un- doubtedly differs from them in more respects than they differ from each other, and could be separated into a separate series, but for its close re- lation with E. rostkoviana through E. fennica. The relationship we be- lieve to be of a hybrid character, however, and of recent (post-Glacial) origin. The high-altitude forms of E. hertella are unique. They are specific to the various mountainous countries, connected by a series of stepwise intermediates with the forms of lowland habitats and are, perhaps, sim- ple modifications. Once such form is E. krylovii Serg., described by L.P. Sergievskaja, from the Altai Mountains, which is distinguished by low height, well-developed stems, elongated internodes, oblong involu- cral bracts and a small number of flowers. Analogous forms grow, how- ever, also far beyond the range of the Altai Mountains (for example, in the Caucasus and Western Europe). Not intending to identify them with E. krylovii Serg., we shall refrain from even citing here the latter as sep- arate species, leaving final judgement about it to those able to study the collective species E. hirtella in every detail. 2. The following species are important hybrid forms, connected in their origin with E. hirtella Jord., s. 1. (if they are not simple hybrids). 638 556 60. E. sosnowskyi Kem.-Nath. in Fl. Gruz. VII (1952) 64.—E. carthalinica Kem.-Nath. l.c. 603.—TIc.: Kem.- Nat. lc. figs. 352-354. Annual. Stem 10-20 cm tall, stout, simple or sparsely branched, with stout, thick branches, pale or violet, vegetative internodes markedly spaced. Leaves comparatively large, lower cauline leaves ovate, generally with 2 obtuse teeth on either side; upper leaves broadly ovate to orbicu- lar, with 3-4 subobtuse or subacute, but not aristate teeth on either side, obtuse. Inflorescence reduced, condensed; floral leaves broadly ovate to orbicular, with rounded base and 4—5 subobtuse or subacute non-aristate teeth on either side, dark green like all leaves, plicate-veined beneath, dif- fusely hispid above, lower surface covered in upper half and along margin with numerous rigid bristles, similarly pubescent in lower half, but mixed with numerous long-stalked glands. Calyx densely hispid along teeth and margin veins with mixture of long-stalked glands, inflated in fruit. Corolla small, 4-6 mm long, whitish. Capsule equaling or slightly exceeding calyx. July to August. Meadows and other grassy places ——Caucasus: eastern Transcaucasia. Endemic. Described from Bakuriani. Type in Tbilisi. Note. This plant, apparently, is hybrid in origin (E. georgica Kem.- Nath. x E. hirtella Jord.). We have included E. carthalinica Kem.-Nath. as its synonym, since in our opinion both have a similar origin, although they both have a different combination of characteristics of the parental forms. The above description gives the characteristics of the type material E. sosnowskyi . The “type” of E. carthalinica is a weaker and less well- formed, sparsely pubescent plant, with an elongated and lax inflorescence, but in the other characteristics it coincides with E. sosnowskyi. 61. E. bakurianica Juz. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, XVII (1955).—E. oligadena Juz. in sched. olim. Annual. Stem (5)7—12 cm tall, slender, well-developed, slightly flex- uous, simple, pale-colored or slightly reddish (especially in upper part) covered below with recurved, crispate, whitish hairs; nodes spaced, flow- ers appearing on 3rd or 4th node. Cauline leaves ovate or elliptical, short- petiolate or subsessile, with 1-4 obtuse or rounded teeth on either side, with large rounded tooth at tip; floral leaves few, broader than cauline leaves, elliptical, broadly elliptical or broadly ovate, with 3-4 obtuse teeth on either side, rounded at tip; all leaves bright green, sparsely pubescent above and along margin with fine bristles, pubescent beneath with com- paratively few long-stalked glands along veins and at base. Inflorescence with small number of somewhat spaced internodes, short, somewhat lax; flowers small, corolla 4 mm long, white, with dark violet stripes and with yellow spot at base of lower lip. Calyx in fruit about 4 mm long, sparsely 639 557 crispate-hairy, with very few glands; calyx teeth acute, somewhat short, about 1/3 as long as calyx, scarcely inflated in fruit. Mature capsule slightly exserted from calyx teeth, emarginate, long-ciliate along margin. July. Meadows.—Caucasus: eastern Transcaucasia. Endemic. Described from vicinity of Bakuriani (Ktsiya River valley). Type in Tbilisi. Note. This plant undoubtedly is related to the high-altitude Caucasian form, E. hirtella, but it is difficult to combine it with the latter owing to its sparsely glandular pubescence and very obtuse, generally rounded teeth. Possibly, it owes its origin to the hybridization of E. hirtella Jord. s. 1. with E. grossheimii Kem-Nath. Subsection 2. Angustifoliae [Wettst. Monogr. Gatt. Euphr. (1896) 69 pro serie] Jorgens. in Bergens Mus. Aarb. (1919) 61—European species with. subglabrous leaves. Floral leaves very often longer than cauline, at least 2 times as long as broad (sometimes much more, up to 30 times), lanceolate to linear, with narrow spaced teeth. Capsule glabrous or weakly ciliate. USSR has only one representative of this group. 62. E. salisburgensis Funk in Hoppe, Bot. Taschenbuch f. d. Jahr. 1794, 184 and 190; Wettst. Monogr. Gatt. Euphr. 218—E. officinalis var. salisburgensis Schleicher, Cat. Pl. Helv. (1800) 22; Neilreich. FI. Nied.-Oesterr. 563.—E. tricuspidata Allioni, Fl. Pedem. I (1875) 60, non L.—E. alpina Baumgarten, Enum. stirp. Transs. II (1816) 195, non Lam.; Zapalowicz, Rosl. szata gor Pokucko Marm. 270.—E. stricta Beck. and Szyszylowicz, Plantae a Dr. J. Szysz. in Crnagora lect. (1888) 136, nec aliorum.—Ic.: Wettst. in Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. XLIII, tab. VI, f. 1-29; Monogr. Gatt. Euphr. tab. III, f. 1-29, tab. X, f. 6-10.—Exs.: Schultz, Herb. norm. No. 10; Fl. exs. austro-hung. No. 144, 145; Fl. Stir. exs. No. 886, 1252. . Annual. Stem erect, simple or branched in lower part (often profusely branched), 1—25 cm tall, reddish or violet, covered with somewhat crispate, recurved, whitish hairs; branches elongated, diverging at acute angle or almost erect, often bent or slightly flexuous; lower branches opposite, upper alternate. Lower leaves cuneate, obtuse, with 1-2 teeth on either side, middle and upper leaves lanceolate, broadest in middle, 2—5 times as long as broad, long acute, with 2-3 patent, often upcurved, narrowly triangular or lanceolate, long aristate teeth on either side; floral leaves sim- ilar to upper cauline, but broader, broadest below middle, with 2-5 (usu- ally 3) elongated teeth on either side; all leaves green or often turning red, glabrous throughout or covered beneath with scattered sessile glands, or with scattered very minute bristles along margin and veins. Inflorescence rather dense at first, intensely elongated in fruit; flowers short-pedicellate or subsessile. Calyx glabrous throughout or scattered with very minute bristles, scarcely accrescent in fruit. Corolla small, 6-8 mm long at end 640 558 of flowering stage; upper lip bilobed, with replicate-sinuate or serrulate lobes; lower lip 3-lobed, with sinuate lobes pilose beneath only at base, whitish, with bluish upper lip, rarely blue, purple or violet throughout. Capsule cuneate-oblong, truncate and emarginate, equaling or exceeding calyx teeth, glabrous throughout or with scattered, short, incurved hairs only at tip along margin. July to September. Grassy, often shady stony and rocky places, banks of rivulets, for- est edges and grass plots, mainly in alpine zone of mountains, usually on limestone.—European USSR: Upper Dniester. General distribution: Central Europe, Scandinavia (Gotland Island), Mediterranean Region. De- scribed from Salzburg. Type in Vienna, isotypes in Regensburg and Prague. Note. 1. We have not yet seen a specimen of this species from the territory of USSR. 2. The species E. lapponica T.E. Fries [in Ark. Bot. Stockh. XVII, No. 6 (1922) 12], closely related to E. salisburgensis Funk, grows in Scan- dinavian Peninsula. The possibility of its occurrence in the Kola Peninsula cannot be ruled out. E. lapponica differs from E. salisburgensis firstly by having much broader leaves with a comparatively small size. Genus 1353.—OMPHALOTHRIX"2 Maxim. Maxim. Prim. Fl. Amur. (1859) 208; Benth. and Hook. Gen. pl. II (1876) OTT: Flowers in spreading paniculate inflorescence. Calyx campanulate- tubular, with 4 ribs, incised almost up to half into two bidentate lobes. Corolla exceeding calyx, with cylindrical tube and bilabiate limb; upper lip galeate with replicate margin, lower lip exceeding upper, 3-lobed. Sta- mens 4, under upper lip; lower stamens longer; anther chambers tapering into cusp in lower part. Fruit an ovate-oblong capsule, flattened on valvu- lar side, with septum pilulose at place of seed insertion. Seeds pendent, (6-10 in each locule), longitudinally sulcate. Annuals with opposite leaves. Monotypic species. 1. O. longipes Maxim. Prim. Fl. Amur. (1859) 209; Kom. FI. Manchzh. III, 1, 445; Kom. and Alis. Opred. rast. Dalnevost. kr. II, 922.—Ic.: Maxim. l.c. tab. X. Annual. Root short, branched. Stem 10-45 cm tall, erect, slender; branched from middle or in upper part, branches opposite, almost hori- zontally projecting or ascending, pubescent similarly to stem with sim- ple, white, crispate, generally recurved hairs. Leaves (3.5)4—10(12) mm 1 Treatment by V.F. Golubkova. 2 From the Greek omphalos—navel, and thrix—hair; named for structure of fruit. 641 559 long, (0.8)1—2(3) mm broad, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, asperate along margin, crenate-serrate, with 4-5 short teeth on either side, prominent midrib beneath, glabrous. Flowers numerous, solitary in leaf axils and on stem tips, on 7-12(17) mm long, filiform, spreading, slightly curved pedicels, pubescent similarly to branches. Calyx campanulate-tubular, (3.2)3.8-4(5) mm long, glabrous outside, with 4 prominent ribs passing from base to teeth, and two shorter ribs, sometimes asperate, passing between calyx lobes; calyx teeth thickened, asperate mainly along margin. Corolla white, 4.8-5(5.5) mm long, with cylindrical tube, pubescent inside from middle to limb; limb bilabiate, diffusely appressed-pilose outside in upper part; upper lip galeate, shallowly sinuate; lower lip longer than upper, with orbicular, obtuse (sometimes slightly sinuate) lobes, middle lobe slightly longer than lateral lobes. Stamens included; filaments adnate with tube up to half their length, broader and thickened at base; anther lobes rounded above, pointed in lower part, sometimes fimbriate along margin of dehiscence cleft. Style 4 mm long, sparsely pilose in upper half (but not up to stigma); stigma capitate, oblique. Capsule oblong-ovate, obtuse, hairy above. Seeds 1 mm long, 0.4 mm broad, light yellow (almost white), with short longitudinal ribs, densely, finely, transversely ribbed in between. July to August. In marshy and damp meadows, along banks and raised bottoms’ of | lakes and river beds.—Soviet Far East: Zeya-Bureya, Ussuri. General dis- tribution: China (Manchuria), Korea, Mongolia (Ordos). Described from Amur, Khingan Post. Type in Leningrad. Genus 1354. PARENTUCELLIA" 2 Viv. Viv. Fl. Lib. Sp. (1824) 31.—Eufragia Gris. Spicil. fl. Rum. and Bith. II (1844) 13; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 542.—Bartsia sect. 1. Eufragia Benth. and Hook. Gen. pl. II (1876) 977. Flowers in spicate inflorescence on very short pedicels or subsessile, single in upper leaf axils. Calyx narrowly campanulate, with 4 linear- lanceolate teeth. Corolla purple or yellow, exceeding calyx, tube cylin- drical, rather long, limb bilabiate, upper lip galeate with undeflexed mar- gin; lower lip longer than upper, bent downward, with 3 entire lobes rounded at tip. Stamens 4, lower two longer than others; anthers pointed in lower part. Style scattered pilulose; stigma thick, bilobed. Capsule flat- tened, lanceolate. Seeds numerous, horizontally diverging, minute, ellip- tical, almost smooth (slightly finely tuberculate or longitudinally rugose). ! Treatment by V.F. Golubkova. ? Named after Thomas Parentucelli, Pope Nicholas V, founder of library in the Vatican and Botanical Garden in Rome. 642 560 Annuals, pubescent with simple and glandular hairs. Stems erect, simple or branched. Leaves opposite, sessile, ovate or oblong, dentate along margin. Of 4 species of this Mediterranean genus, 3 are found in USSR. 1. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, crenate-serrate; corolla 15—25 mm long; cap- sule pilose in upper part ................... 3. P. viscosa (L.) Caruel. + Leaves broadly ovate or orbicular-ovate, deeply incise-dentate, with 3—7 (usually 5) teeth; corolla 9-14 mm long; capsule glabrous ..... De 2. Corolla purple; stem rather thick, generally reddish .................. REY Peale Rae SNS. MECRITEG . AA GTEG of 1. P. latifolia (L.) Caruel. + Corolla yellow; plant better developed; stems slender, yellowish ..... UR. AD. SIBLE LE, esos 2. P. flaviflora (Boiss.) Nevski. Series 1. Latifoliae Golubk. Plants well-developed. Leaves broad, deeply incise-dentate. Inflorescence reduced; flowers small. Capsule glabrous. 1. P. latifolia (L.) Caruel in Parl. Fl. Ital. VI (1885) 480; Grossh. FI. Kavk. III, 399.—Euphrasia latifolia L. Sp. pl. (1753) 604; Schmalh. FI. I, 286.—Trixago latifolia Rchb. Fl. Germ. exc. (1830-1832) 360.—I. pur- purea Stev. in Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. VI (1823) 4.—Eufragia latifolia Griseb. Spicil. fl. Rum. and Bith. I (1844) 14; Benth in DC. Prodr. X, 542; Ldb. FI. Ross. III, 1, 258; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 473.—Bartsia latifo- lia Sibth. and Sm. FI. gr. I (1806) 428.—Ic.: Rchb. Ic. fl. Germ. XX, tab. 1725, IV.—Exs.: Fl. Cauc. exs. No. 74. Annual. Root short, branched. Stem 7(10)}-30 cm tall, erect or par- tially exceeding, generally reddish, rarely yellowish, simple or sometimes with 2-3 pairs of opposite branches at base, pubescent with short, simple and glandular hairs. Cauline leaves 4—8 pairs, lowermost usually densely crowded, with shallower, broader, more obtuse teeth; upper 2-3 pairs spaced, (6)9-17 mm long, (3)6—-15 mm broad, broadly ovate deeply and palmately incise-dentate, with 3-7 (usually 5) deltoid-lanceolate, elon- gated and subobtuse teeth, asperate along margin, covered on both sur- faces with simple and glandular (sometimes very few) hairs. Inflorescence (2)4—14(20) cm long, with 5-14 internodes, spicate, sometimes subcap- itate, interrupted in lower part; flowers single in axils of floral leaves, latter similar to cauline leaves, but usually with narrower and subacute teeth (generally 3 in upper leaves). Calyx (8)10—13(14) mm long, tubular- campanulate, slightly narrowed at teeth base, with 6-9 mm long, scarious, whitish or generally reddish tube, with 4 dark veins, inflated in fruit and with 3-5(6) mm long, linear-lanceolate, subacute teeth; teeth not scarious, green; calyx pubescent outside (on both surfaces of teeth) with simple hairs mixed with glandular hairs. Corolla 12-14(15) mm long, purple, 645 646 561 with (8)9-10 mm long tube, slender, paler in color, with 3-4.5 mm long limb, pilose outside with galeate upper lip; lower lip longer than upper, reflexed, with ovate (1-1.25 mm long) lobes, obtuse, middle lobe slightly narrower and longer than lateral lobes. Stamens included under upper lip, filaments flat, anthers orbicular with lobes pointed in lower part, usually pilose along slits, rarely glabrous. Style 7-9 mm long, later often twisted looplike in middle diffusely pilulose; stigma thick, bilobed. Capsule about 1 cm long, 3 mm broad, flattened, lanceolate, tapering in upper part, grad- ually narrowed and transformed into style, glabrous throughout. Seeds 0.5 mm long, 0.25—0.3 mm broad, numerous,.elliptical, almost smooth (scarcely longitudinally rugose), light brown. April to May (Plate XXXII, fig. 1). Sandy banks and damp meadows in riverine valleys, grassy slopes and scrub.—Caucasus: Dagestan, western and eastern Transcaucasia, Talysh. General distribution: Mediterranean Region (western part), Balkan States- Asia Minor, Iran. Described from Italy. Type in London. 2. P. flaviflora (Boiss.) Nevski in Tr. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, I, 4 (1937) 321—Eufragia latifolia 3. flaviflora Boiss. Fl. or. TV (1879) 473.—E. flaviflora Pavl. in Sov. bot. I (1934) 27. Annual. Well-developed plant, 8-25 cm tall, with erect, slender, yellowish stem, almost always single, pubescent with simple and glan- dular hairs. Cauline leaves 3-6 pairs, (4)5-15 mm long, (2)3-10 mm broad, ovate or oblong-ovate, rarely broadly ovate, lowermost (1-3 pairs) closely crowded, dying off by flowering stage, shallowly dentate or subentire, others (2-3 pairs) with 7 or 5 (rarely with 3) lanceolate or linear-lanceolate obtuse teeth; all leaves covered with simple and glan- dular hairs on both surfaces (less densely beneath and mainly along veins). Flowers on very short pedicels (about 1 mm long), single in axils of floral leaves, forming spicate, 2—9(12) cm long inflorescence with (2)4-10 internodes, denser in upper part, often subcapitate, inter- rupted in lower part; floral leaves usually slightly longer than cauline, oval or ovate, generally with 5 or (upper leaves) with 3 deeper, nar- rower and subacute teeth, pubescent on both surfaces with simple and glandular hairs. Calyx 8-12 mm long, with 5-9 mm long tube, scarious, whitish, with 4 dark veins and greenish 2—3 mm long teeth. Corolla (10)11-13(14) mm long, yellow, slender, with lighter 8-10 mm long tube. Style 5-8 mm long. Capsule 9.5-10 mm long, 2.5-3 mm broad; otherwise similar to preceding species. April to May (Plate XXXII, fig. 2). In riverine valleys along sandy banks, in damp meadows, on grassy slopes, in mountains and hills ——Soviet Central Asia: Syr Darya, Pamiro- Alai, mountainous Turkmenia. General distribution: Mediterranean 562 Plate XXXII. 1. Parentucellia latifolia (L.) Caruel.—2. P. flaviflora (Boiss.) Nevski.—3. P. viscosa (L.) Caruel. 563 Region (eastern part), Iran. Described from Southern Iran. Type in Geneva. Series 2. Viscosae Golubk.—Plant larger. Leaves oblong, crenate- serrate. Inflorescence elongated, flowers large. Capsule pilose in upper part. 3. P. viscosa (L.) Caruel in Parl. Fl. Ital. VI (1885) 482; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. Il, 399.—Bartsia viscosa L. Sp. pl. (1753) 602.—Rhinanthus maxima Lam. Encycl. méth. II (1790) 61, non Willd.—R. viscosa Lam. FI. Fr. If (1795) 354.—Trixago viscosa Rchb. Fl. Germ. exc. (1830-1832) 360; Gris. Spicil. fl. Rum, and Bith. II, 13.—Eufragia viscosa Benth. in DC. Prodr. X (1846) 543; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 1, 259; Rchb. Ic. fl. Germ. XX, 54; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 474.—Ic.: Rchb. Ic. Fl. Germ. XX, tab. 1726. Annual. Stem (10)15—35(50) cm tall, erect, simple or branched, cov- ered with patent, yellowish, rigid bristles at base, with glandular and sim- ple hairs in upper part. Leaves (12)15-—30(40) mm long, 4(5)-10(14) mm broad, oblong-lanceolate or oblong, subobtuse, crenate-serrate along mar- gin, with 3-10 small teeth on either side, covered on both surfaces (gener- ally only along veins beneath) with short bristles and glandular hairs, grad- ually transformed into lanceolate bracts, with 1-3 teeth on either side or (upper bracts) entire. Flowers axillary, solitary, on very short (1-1.5 mm long) pedicels, pubescent similarly to stem; inflorescence 3—15(25) cm long, spicate, interrupted in lower part. Calyx 11-17 mm long, narrowly campanulate, light green, covered outside, on teeth and inside with glan- dular and simple hairs; teeth linear-lanceolate, darker in color, slightly shorter than tube. Corolla yellow, 1S—25 mm long, with 10-17 mm long tube, sparsely puberulent outside and in upper part (mainly on upper lip); upper lip 4-6 mm long, galeate, shorter than lower lip; lower lip 7-9 mm long, with broadly ovate lobes, middle lobe equaling lateral lobes or slightly longer. Filaments flat; anthers pilose, pointed in lower part. Style 13-15 mm long, covered more densely than in other species of the genus with short, patent or oblique-antrorse hairs; stigma thick, bilobed. Capsule 9-10 mm long, 2.5—3 mm broad, flattened, lanceolate, pilose in upper part. Seeds about 0.5 mm long, 0.25 mm broad, numerous, ellip- tical, almost smooth (obscurely tuberculate). April to May (Plate XXII, fig. 3). In meadows and among scrub.—Caucasus: eastern Transcaucasia, Talysh. General distribution: Atlantic Europe, Western Mediterranean Region, Balkan States-Asia Minor, Armenia-Kurdistan, Iran. Described from England. Type in London. 647 648 564 Genus 1355. ORTHANTHA"2 (Benth.) Kern. Kern. in Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XXXVIII (1888) 566.—Odontites sect. 2. Orthantha Benth. in DC. Prodr. X (1846) 550; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 1, 261. —Bartsia, sect. 6. Orthantha Benth. and Hook. Gen. pl. II (1876) 978. Flowers on very short pedicels, in somewhat dense or lax, spi- cate inflorescence. Bracts linear-lanceolate or lanceolate. Calyx tubular- campanulate, 4-toothed with triangular or lanceolate teeth, upper teeth slightly broader and longer than lower. Corolla yellow or purple, with short (3-6 mm long) tube and bilabiate limb, pubescent along margin and outside, upper lip galeate, sinuate at tip, margin unreflexed, lower lip 3-lobed, almost equaling or slightly shorter than upper lip, with obtuse lobes, sometimes slightly sinuate. Stamens 4, anthers glabrous, recurved in closed flowers, in open flowers spreading in front; anther lobes 1/3—1/2 connate at base, free above, all cuspidate or not. Fruit an oblong or ovate capsule, pilose above. Seeds few, pendent, longitudinally sulcate. Semiparasitic annuals. Stems erect, branched upward. Leaves opposite (sometimes opposite and alternate), linear, linear-lanceolate or lanceolate, entire or dentate. Of the three species of this genus, distributed in Europe, Caucasus and Asia Minor, two are found in the USSR. 1. Calyx 3—3.5(4) mm long, teeth triangular, 1/2 as long as tube; corolla 6—7 mm long, pubescent in throat; stamens exserted; anther lobes cus- pidate at tip; capsule 3.5 mm long ............ 1. O. lutea (L.) Kern. + Calyx 6-8 mm long, teeth lanceolate, equaling tube; corolla 8-9 mm long, glabrous in throat; stamens not exserted; anther lobes rounded at tip; capsule 7-8 mm long ............. 2. O. aucheri (Boiss.) Wettst. 1. O. lutea (L.) Kern. ex Wettst. in Pflanzenfam. IV, 3b (1895) 101; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 399—Euphrasia lutea L. Sp. pl. (1753) 604; Schmalh. Fl. II, 285.—Odontites lutea Rchb. Fl. Germ. exc. (1830-1832) 359; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 550; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 475; Ldb. FI. Ross. III, 1, 261; Grossh. Opred. rast. Kavk. 318.—Bartsia lutea Rchb. Ic. fl. Germ. XX (1862) 56.—Jc.: Wettst. in Denkschr. Acad. Wiss. Wien, LXX, tab. II, f. 4; Hegi, Illustr. Fl. Mittel-Eur. VI, 1, tab. 245, f. 5. Annual. Stem erect, straight or sometimes flexuous, (6)10-35(4) cm tall, pubescent with short, recurved, crispate hairs, slightly 4-angled in lower part, simple, cylindrical in upper part, branched, branches straight 1 Treatment by V.F. Golubkova. 2 From the Greek orthos—straight, and anthos—flower. 649 565 or arcuate. Leaves (3)6-27 mm long, (0.7)1—2 mm broad, linear or linear- lanceolate, subobtuse, flat or often sulcate, entire or (lower) with few small teeth (1-2 on either side) with midrib depressed on upper sur- face and prominent beneath, appressed-pilose on both surfaces (some- times only beneath). Flowers in terminal, many-flowered, unilateral, rather dense, spicate inflorescence; inflorescence straight or slightly flexuous, 2(4)-10 cm long, 14 cm long in fruit. Bracts lanceolate-linear, 6-8 mm long, 1.25-2 mm broad, all bracts shorter than flowers or only lower longer, with pubescence similar to that of leaves. Pedicels 0.5-1(1.5) mm long, pilulose. Calyx 3—3.5(4) mm long, tubular-campanulate, pilose out- side, with 4 triangular teeth 1/2 as long as tube. Corolla yellow, 6-7 mm long, with lips pubescent outside and along margin, pilose in throat; up- per lip galeate, sinuate, 2-2.5 mm long, lower lip almost equaling upper, 3-lobed, lobes ovate, truncate at tip, scarcely sinuate. Stamens exserted; filaments adnate up to 1/2 with corolla tube, pubescent in lower part, an- thers oblong-ovate, with lobes slightly narrowed above, cuspidate. Style 5-6 mm long, pilose in lower half; stigma capitate, scarcely thicker than style. Capsule 3.5 mm long, 2 mm broad, ovate, slightly compressed on valvular side, obtuse, slightly emarginate, beaked (rarely beakless), rather densely pilose in upper free part. Seeds 1.25—1.5 mm long, 0.5 mm broad, with short, longitudinal, somewhat winged ribs, transversely rugose in- between, dark brown. May to August (September). In steppes, in meadows, along calcareous, chalky and sandy slopes.— European USSR: Middle Dnieper, Volga-Don, Black Sea Region, Lower Don, Crimea; Caucasus: Ciscaucasia, Dagestan. General distribution: Central Europe. Described from Southern Europe. Type in London. 2. O. aucheri (Boiss.) Wettst. in Pflanzenfam. IV, 3b (1895) 161; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 399.—Odontites aucheri Boiss. Diagn. pl. or. 1, No. 4 (1844) 74; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 550; Boiss. Fl. or. IV (1879) 475; Grossh. Opred. rast. Kavk. 317. Annual. Stem 10-40 cm tall, erect, straight of slightly flexuous, pubescent with recurved, crispate hairs, simple in lower part, branched above, branches slender, straight, sparsely leafy. Leaves 5—14(20) mm long, linear, entire, generally sulcate, puberulent on both surfaces. Flowers in rather lax, 2(4)}-12 cm long spicate inflorescence. Bracts lanceolate- linear, 5-9 mm long, with pubescence similar to that of leaves. Pedicels about 0.5 mm long (2-3 mm long in fruit). Calyx 6-8 mm long, tubular- campanulate, with lanceolate teeth equaling tube, pubescent inside as well as outside in upper part of teeth. Corolla purple or yellow, 8-9 mm long, with 4—5 mm long tube, slightly broadened around ovary, with bilabiate, 2.5-3 mm long limb, pilulose outside and along slightly wavy margin, glabrous in throat; upper lip galeate, sinuate, lower lip with 3 slightly 650 566 concave, oblong-ovate lobes, shallowly sinuate at tip. Stamens included, filaments 2/3—3/4 adnate with corolla tube; anthers oblong-globose, lobes obtuse at tip, not cuspidate. Seeds 1.5 mm long, 0.5-0.8 mm broad, with slightly winged longitudinal ribs, transversely rugose in-between, dark brown. June to August. On dry grassy slopes.—Caucasus: eastern Transcaucasia (Georgia), southern Transcaucasia: Soviet Central Asia: mountainous Turkmenia, General distribution: Balkan States-Asia Minor, Armenia-Kurdistan. De- scribed from Armenia. Type in Geneva. Genus 1356. ODONTITES * Zinn Zinn, Cat. pl. hort. Gott. (1757) 289.—Bartsia sect. 5 Odontites Benth. and Hook. Gen. pl. II (1876) (978). Flowers in unilateral spicate inflorescence at stem ends in axils of floral leaves. Calyx tubular or campanulate, 4-toothed. Corolla yellow or red, with short tube slightly broadened above and bilabiate limb; .upper lip slightly bulging, with unreflexed margin, entire or sinuate above, rarely somewhat bilobed, lower lip with 3 elongated or ovate, obtuse, entire lobes. Stamens 4, upper slightly shorter than lower; anther lobes pubescent, with equal cusps at lower ends. Style pilose; stigma capitate, lanate. Capsule slightly compressed, bilocular, bivalved. Seeds pendent, longitudinally sul- cate, Annuals (in USSR), semiparasitic, green plants with erect, generally straight stems and opposite, dentate, rarely entire leaves. This genus includes about 45 species, most of which are distributed in Mediterranean Region and Central Europe, and some in Asia. 1. Corolla yellow; plant pubescent throughout with simple and glandular ARTO ey hE ee, ee RTE ATS Oleghiinesai(M.B) Berth + Corolla reddish; plant pubescent only with simple hairs ............ Z Nw Stem usually simple, rarely with 1-2 pairs of opposite branches, 7-20 cm tall; inflorescence few-flowered (4—14 flowers); cauline leaves few (1-4 pairs), lanceolate or oblong-ovate, rounded at tip .......... CME A aah h SIAC Als tbls ARIEL e SR RMNA: ARNCERRION, CE RAI 4. O. litoralis Fries + Stem somewhat profusely branched, rarely simple, 10-40 cm tall; In- florescence many-flowered (8-50 flowers); cauline leaves numerous, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, subacute ............ccceeeeeeeeeeee eds 3. Cauline and floral leaves slightly fleshy; capsule usually slightly shorter than calyx or equaling it, tapering above ........ 2. O. salina Kotov. + Cauline and floral leaves not fleshy; capsule (mature) generally slightly exceeding calyx, usually obtusO’ otis es RG sa rales 4; ' Treatment by V, F. Golubkova, _ ~ 5 . . * From the Greek odons—tooth, since extract from plant was used for toothache. 65 567 4. Floral leaves (often excepting lowermost) equaling flowers or slightly shorter; stem branched in lower part, branches spreading; calyx 5-6 mm long. Flowering from June to October ...1. O. serotina (Lam.) Dum. + Floral leaves (especially lower) usually 2 times as long as flowers; stem branched only in upper part, branches somewhat appressed to stem; calyx 6-8 mm long. Flowering from May to July ............. nena atest staat de valet tha dtoahis kes tO ss aed 3. O. verna (Bell.) Dum. 1. O. serotina (Lam.) Dum. Fl. Belg. (1872) 32; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2488.—0. serotina (Lam.) Rchb. Fl. Germ. exc. (1830-1832) 359; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. II, 400.—O. rubra Gilib. Fl. lith. 1 (1781) 126—0O. rubra Pers. Syn. pl. I (1807) 150; Benth. in DC, Prodr. X, 551, p.p.; Ldb. Fl. Ross. II, 1, 261, p.p.—O. rubra Pers. var. serotina (Lam.) Prantl. Excurs. Bayern, 2 (1884) 430.—Euphrasia odontites L. Sp. pl. (1753) 604; Schmalh. FI. II, 285.—E. serotina Lam. Fl. Fr. Il (1778) 350.—Exs.: GRF, No. 1176, 1176*.—Ic.: Rchb. Ic. fl. Germ. XX, tab. 1727, f. 1-10. Annual. Stem 10-40 cm tall, erect, generally profusely branched in lower part, sometimes simple, branches arcuate, usually widespread, pubescent similarly to stem, with rather dense, simple, recurved hairs. Leaves (1)1.5—3(5) cm long, (1)3-10 mm broad, sessile, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, subacute, with shallow, sometimes indistinct, distant, subobtuse teeth along margin, 2-7 on either side, with midrib depressed on upper surface and prominent beneath, appressed-pilose on both sur- faces (generally only along veins beneath) and along margin. Flowers on 0.5—2 mm long pedicels in rather dense, 8-50-flowered, unilateral (1.5)3—-14(18) cm long spicate inflorescence; floral leaves usually (very often excepting lower) shorter than or equaling flowers, 6-17 mm long, 2-5 mm broad, linear-lanceolate, with shallow distant teeth similarly to leaves or (generally upper) entire, appressed-pilose, often (espe- cially lower) deflexed or recurved. Calyx (4)5-6(7) mm long, tubular- campanulate, with triangular teeth almost equaling tube, densely pubescent outside as well as inside on teeth with simple appressed hairs. Corolla reddish, 1.5—2 times as long as calyx, (7)8—-10(11) mm long (measured from upper lip), tube 4-6 mm long, upper lip slightly galeate, slightly sinuate or bilobed above, exceeding lower lip; lower lip with 3 oblong lobes, lateral lobes obtuse or subacute, middle lobe slightly broader and longer, shallowly sinuate above; corolla pubescent outside in upper part with rather dense hairs, sparsely appressed-hairy inside near limb. Stamens slightly exserted, filaments glandular (not up to tip; glands visible only under powerful lens); anther lobes free and cusped in lower part, usually with hairy tuft at tip, lanate in place of filament insertion. Style 6-8 mm long, pilose, stigma capitate. Capsule often slightly longer than calyx, 5-8 mm long, oblong, usually obtuse, with short mucro, pilose in upper 652 568 part. Seeds few (10-20 in each chamber), oblong-ovate, 1.25—1.5 mm long, 0.7-0.8 mm broad, longitudinally ribbed, transversely rugose in between. July to October (Plate XXXII, fig. 1). In fields, meadows, near roads, in marshy places, near ditches, along slopes of railway tracks and ravines.—European USSR: all regions: Cau- casus: Ciscaucasia, Dagestan, western and eastern Transcaucasia; Western Siberia: Ob’ Region (south), Upper Tobol, Irtysh, Altai Mountains; East- ern Siberia: Lena-Kolyma (south), Angara-Sayan, Dauria; Soviet Far East: Zeya-Bureya, Uda Region; Soviet Central Asia: Aral-Kaspian Region, Balkhash Region, Dzh.-Tarbagatai, Syr Darya, Pamiro-Alai, Tien Shan. General distribution: Western Europe (excepting extreme north of Scandi- navia), Balkan States-Asia Minor, Iran, Dzh.-Kashgar, Mongolia (north), China (northern Manchuria). Described from France. Type in Paris. Note. Regel (Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XLI (1868) No. 1, 105), on the basis of his study of the plant collected in the initial flowering stage by Semenov from Lake Issyk-Kul (Kyzylsu Bay), described the new species O. breviflora Rg., noting that O. rubra Pers. which is closely related to it, differs by anthers being shorter than the galea (and not slightly exserted and horizontal) and sparsely lanate at tip with matted hairs (and not glabrous, and shortly barbate only along the cleft margins), by the stem generally being very profusely branched (and not simple or less often, weakly branched above) and by the corolla being almost two times as long as the calyx. On the basis of the study of a typical specimen, it should be noted that its anthers, in spite of Regel’s indication, are vertical, as in O. serotina (Lam.) Dum., glabrous along the cleft and also pilose at the place of insertion of the filaments. It may be assumed that, of the distinctive characteristics indicated by Regel, deserving attention, are such features as the shorter flowers (7-8 mm long) with the corolla up to 1.5 times as long as the calyx (as may be judged from a typical plant with the flowers still unopened), and the glabrous anthers above anthers, as also the simple or weakly branched stems. On the basis of the inadequate material it is not possible for us to resolve finally the question of specific status for O. breviflora. . 2. O. salina Kotov in Bot. zhurn. Akad. Nauk USSR, IV, 1-2 (1947) 76.—O. serotina salina Kotov in Zhurn. Russk. bot. obsch. XVI (1931) 457. Annual. Plant hirtellous. Stem 15-40 cm tall, branched above, appressed-puberulent. Leaves slightly fleshy, linear-lanceolate, with shal- low spaced teeth along margin, subacute, 0.7-3 cm long, 2-5 mm broad; floral leaves (excepting lowermost) equaling flowers, 8-13 mm long, 34 mm broad, slightly fleshy, linear-lanceolate, subacute, similarly to cauline leaves. Calyx 7-9(10) mm long, with ovate-lanceolate, 3-4 mm 655 569 long teeth. Corolla 9-12 mm long. Capsule oblong-ovate, acuminate, 7-9 mm long, usually shorter than or equaling calyx. Seeds 1.7-1.9 mm long, 0.7-0.9 mm broad. In other respects similar to O. serotina (Lam.) Dum. July to September. Coastal salt marshes, rarely near saline lakes——European USSR: Black Sea Region. Endemic. Described from Biryuchi Island (in Azov Sea). Type in Kiev. Topotype in Leningrad. Note. O. salina Kotov is close to O. serotina_(Lam.) Dum. and is distinguished by the fleshy cauline and bracted leaves, larger flowers and fruits, capsule generally equaling the calyx and even slightly shorter with an acute tip and also shorter pubescence. 3. O. verna (Bell.) Dum. FI. Belg. (1827) 32; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 551, p.p.—0O. verna (Bell.) Rchb. Fl. Germ. exc. (1830-1832) 359; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 1, 261, p.p—0O. rubra 8.? verna Pers. Syn. pl. II (1807) 150.—Bartsia verna Rchb. Ic. fl. Germ. XX (1862) 57.—Euphrasia verna Bell. in Mem. Acad. Turin, V (1790-1791) 1793, 293.—Exs.: Pl. Finl. exs. Nos. 923, 924.—Ic.: Rchb. Ic. fl. Germ. XX, tab. 1728, f. 7-12. Annual. Stem 15-40 cm tall, erect, usually branched above, rarely simple; branches fewer and more distant, compared with O. serotina (Lam.) Dum., diverging at acute angle and somewhat appressed to stem, somewhat densely pubescent with simple, recurved hairs. Leaves 1-5 cm long, (2)3-10 mm broad, lanceolate, subacute, with 1-5 subacute teeth on either side, appressed-pubescent on both surfaces; all floral leaves (lower 2 times or more) usually longer than flowers, 8-30 mm long, 2-8 mm broad, similar to cauline leaves in shape and pubescence. Calyx 6-8(9) mm long, accrescent in fruit, teeth lanceolate, rarely triangular, almost equaling tube. Corolla (7)8—11(12) mm long. Capsule slightly exceeding calyx. In other respects, similar to O. serotina. May to July (August) (Plate XXXII, fig. 2). In plowed land and fields, in meadows.—European USSR: Ladoga- Iimen, Upper Dniester. General distribution: all Western Europe excepting northern part of Scandinavia, central and southern part of Italy, Greece. Described from northern Italy. Type in Turin. Note. The phenomenon of seasonal dimorphism is observed in species of the genus Odontites. O. verna (Bell.) Dum. is an early- flowering species, while O. serotina is late-flowering. Sometimes their morphological differences are so insignificant that some authors (Bentham, Ledebour) were inclined not to acknowledge O. verna (Bell.) Dum. as a separate species. Wettstein (Denkschr. Acad. Wiss. Wien, LXX (1901) considers it necessary to distinguish these two species. Experiments conducted by him in growing plants of these species from seeds showed their distinctive features to be inherited. We, do not find it possible to 570 ) Ss Sefes y pe ts SUG Plate XXXII. Odontites serotina (Lam.) Dum—2. O. verna (Bell.) Dum—3. O. litoralis 1. Fries —4. O. glutinosa (M.B.) Benth. 656 571 combine these species because of differences (see in key) well expressed in the typical forms. 4. O. litoralis Fries, Summa veg. Scand. I (1846) 19—O. simplex Krok ex Nym. Consp. Fl Europ. (1878-1882) 551.—Euphrasia litoralis Fries. 1.c—Bartsia odontites Huds. b. litoralis Rchb. Ic. fl. germ. XX (1862) 58.—Ic.: Rchb. l.c. tab. 1727, f. 11, 12.—Exs.: GRF, No. 429. Annual. Stem (5)7—20(30) cm tall, erect, simple, rarely with 1-2 pairs of opposite branches in upper part, sparsely leafy, appressed-pubescent. Cauline leaves 1-4 pairs, 0.6—-2.6 cm long, 3-9 mm broad, lanceolate- ovate or oblong-ovate, rounded at tip, with 1-4 obtuse or subobtuse, shallow, distant teeth on either side, appressed-pubescent on both sur- faces, slightly fleshy; floral leaves similar to cauline leaves in shape and pubescence, spaced or obliquely upturned, 0.5—2.5 cm long, 2.5-7 mm broac, lower (or almost all) leaves longer than flowers, upper or only uppermost leaves equaling flowers or shorter, sometimes subentire. Inflo- rescence 2.5—-6(7) cm long, 4-14-flowered, spaced in fruit. Calyx 6-8 mm long, campanulate, broader than in preceding species, with broad deltoid teeth almost equaling tube or a little shorter, intensely accrescent after flowering, puberulent outside and inside on teeth. Corolla 8-11 mm long, purple, sparsely pubescent outside in upper part and inside in throat. An- thers usually glabrous above. Capsule 6-9 mm long, oblong-ovate, slightly exceeding or equaling calyx, obtuse, with small mucro at tip. In other re- spects, similar to O. verna (Bell.) Rchb. May to July (Plate XXXIIL, fig. 3). In coastal and saline meadows. European USSR: Ladoga-Ilmen. Gen- eral distribution: Scandinavia (excepting Norway). Described from Scan- dinavia. Type in Stockholm? Note. O. litoralis Fries is close to O. verna (Bell.) Dum. and differs from it by the shorter, sparsely leafy, usually simple stem, broader and slightly thicker leaves, broader calyx and longer capsule. 5. O. glutinosa (M.B.) Benth. in DC. Prodr. X (1846) 549; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 1, 260; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 475; Grossh. Fl. Kavk- III, 400.—Euphrasia glutinosa M.B. Fi. taur.-cauc. II (1808) 70; Schmalh. Fl. II, 285.—E. viscosa Pall. Ind. Taur. ex M.B. |.c.—Ic.: Rouy. Illustr. Pl. Eur. rar. 7, tab. 164. Annual. Stem (6)9-30(40) cm tall, erect, simple, rarely branched, pubescent with fine, white, crispate, recurved, simple hairs and thicker, short, spaced, large-headed, yellow glandular hairs, glands sparse at stem base. Leaves 7-22 mm long, 1—2.5 mm broad, opposite, sessile, linear, generally only glandular or sometimes glabrous on upper surface, covered beneath with rather dense, short, fine, simple hairs, sparsely mixed with glandular hairs, usually glandular-ciliate along margin. Flowers on short 657 2 pedicels (1—-1.5 mm long) in slender, almost always unilateral, sparse, (2)3-6(10) cm long spicate inflorescence. Bracts (8)10—20(23) mm long, (1)2—2.5(3) mm broad at base, 1.5—-2 times as long as calyx, linear- lanceolate, especially lower bracts markedly broadened in lower part, pubescent similarly to leaves. Calyx 7-8 mm long, campanulate, hairy and glandular outside also inside on teeth, teeth exceeding tube, linear- lanceolate, glandular-ciliate along margin. Corolla 13-15 mm long, yellow, pubescent outside in upper part, glabrous inside, with slender, slightly curved tube; upper lip galeate, shorter than lower, lower lip with obtuse, entire or scarcely sinuate, broadly ovate lobes. Stamens included, with filaments 2/3—3/4 adnate with tube; anthers ovoid orbicular lobes free in lower part and tapering into sharp point, pilose along clefts. Style 9-11 mm long, sparsely pilose, slightly thickened above; stigma capitate, lanate. Capsule 9-10 mm. long, 3.5-4 mm broad, oblong, compressed, truncate at tip, with small mucro. Seeds 10—15 in each locule, 2-2.5 mm long, 1-1.2 mm broad, light yellow, with oblong (sic) ribs, transversely rugose in between. (July) August to September (Plate XXXIII, fig. 4). Dry mountain meadows and stony slopes in steppe-——European USSR: Crimea (Yaila): Caucasus: western, eastern and southern Transcaucasia. General distribution: Balkan States-Asia Minor, Armenia-Kurdistan. De- scribed from Crimea (Mt. Chatyr-Dag). Type in Leningrad. Genus 1357. BARTSIA) ? L. L. Sp. pl. (1753) 602; Behth. and Hook Gen. pl. II (1876) 977. Flowers in leafy racemes. Calyx tubular or campanulate, 4-toothed. Corolla with comparatively long tube and bilabiate limb, with antho- cyanin pigmentation, upper lip galeate, entire or sinuate above, with non-replicate margin, lower lip 3-lobed. Stamens 4, didynamous; anther lobes generally pilose, mucronate at lower ends. Style obtuse at tip, rarely with thickened stigma. Capsule ovate or oblong, thin-walled. Seeds few, horizontally diverging, longitudinally ribbed or winged. Perennials, rarely annual herbs with opposite, generally crenate or serrate leaves; upper leaves amplexicaul. Of 30 species of this genus, 6 are distributed in Old World (in Europe and North Africa), and 24 in South America. 1. B. alpina L. Sp. pl. (1753) 602; Benth. in DC Prodr. X, 544; Ldb. Fl. Ross. Il, 2, 260; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2489.—Rhinanthus alpina Lam FI. Fr. II (1795) 354.—Ic.: Fedtsch. and Fler. Fl. Evrop. Ross. fig. 842.—Exs.: Pl. Finl. exs.: No. 922. 1 Treatment by V. F. Golubkova. 2 Named after the doctor and botanist (John Barts, 1970), a friend of Linnaeus. 658 573 Perennial. Stems (10)12—30 cm tall, rather numerous, simple, ascend- ing or erect, pubescent with crispate white hairs ending into small black glands, more densely glandular in upper part. Leaves (7)10—24(30) mm long, (5)6—14(20) mm broad, opposite, sessile, ovate or oblong-lanceolate, with 6-13 small teeth on either side, subobtuse, pubescent with simple hairs on both surfaces, sometimes only beneath mainly along veins; lower leaves smaller, lowermost leaves almost scalelike and entire, more densely crowded. Flowers single, axillary, in short (4-8 cm long) leafy raceme, more lax in lower part. Pedicels short (1.5—2 mm long), glandular. Calyx 7 mm long, campanulate, with 3 teeth almost as long as tube, glandular out- side and also on teeth tips inside. Corolla dark violet, (13)15—18 mm long, rather densely glandular-pubescent outside, inside generally with scattered, short, simple hairs; upper lip bulging, truncate at tip, scarcely exceeding lower lip; lower lip with 3 identical lobes (1-1.5 mm long), rounded at tip, sometimes acute. Stamens under upper lip, scarcely exserted from corolla, filaments 1/2 or less adnate with corolla tube; anther lobes acute at lower end, orbicular ovate, white-hairy. Style slender, 15—21 mm long, somewhat exserted, puberulent, slightly thickened and flattened above, glabrous at tip; stigma scarcely thicker than style. Capsule oblong-ovate, 9.5-11 mm long, 4.5—-6 mm broad, hairy above, generally with persistent style. Seeds 1.8-2 mm long, 1.2-1.3 mm broad, 15-30 per locule, ribs somewhat winged, transversely rugose. June to July. In alpine meadows, near melting snow, along river banks.—Arctic Region: Arctic Europe. European USSR: Karelia-Lapland, Dvina-Pechora. General distribution: Arctic Region (Greenland, Iceland). Scandinavia, Central Europe (mountains), Atlantic Europe, North America (Labrador, Newfoundland). Described from Lapland. Type in London. Genus 1358. BELLARDIA"? All. Fl. Pedem. I (1785) 61.—Trixago Stev. in Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. VI (1823) 4, non Hall. Calyx campanulate, shortly 4-toothed, cleft in front and at back. Corolla distinctly bilabiate; upper lip galeate, lower 3-lobed. Stamens 4, didynamous; anther lobes acute at base. Capsule ovoid, inflated. Seeds numerous, horizontal, minute, longitudinally ribbed. Annual glandular- pubescent herbs with dentate leaves. This genus includes 2-3 species distributed in the Mediterranean Region. 1 Treatment by B. K. Schischkin. 2 Named after Bellardi Carlo Antonio Lodovico, professor in Turin (1741-1826), who studied flora of Piedmont. 659 660 574 1. B. trixago (L.) All. Fl. Pedem. I (1785) 61; Grossh. FI. Kavk. III, 400.—Bartsia trixago L. Sp. pl. (1753) 602.—B. versicolor Pers. Synops. II (1807) 151.—Rhinanthus trixago L. Syst. ed. XII (1767) 1102.—R. versicolos Willd. Sp. pl. Il (1800) 191.—Alectorolophus trixago M.B. FI. taur.-cauc. II (1808) 69; III, 410—Trixago apula Stev. in Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. VI (1823) 4; Ldb. Fl. Ross. II, 259; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 477.—Euphrasia trixago Vis. Fl. Dalm. II (1847) 175; Schmalh. Fl. II, 286.—Ic.: DC. Ic. rar. tab. 19; Cusin, Herb. Fl. fr. XVII, tab. 116.—Exs.: Herb. Fl. Cauc. No. 448. Annual. Stem erect, simple or sparsely branched, densely pubescent with recurved, simple, somewhat rigid hairs, glandular-pubescent above, 10-40 cm tall. Leaves opposite, oblong-lanceolate or sometimes sublinear, 1-5 cm long, 1-10 mm broad, sessile or amplexicaul, obliquely erect, al- most appressed to stem, remotely dentate, teeth obtuse at tip. Inflorescence spicate, short at first, later elongated. Calyx teeth ovate, 1/5—1/4 as long as tube. Corolla 18-20 mm long, purple or multi-colored, lower lip exceeding upper; anthers sparsely pilose. Capsule ovate-spurlike. May to June. In meadows and on grassy slopes. Caucasus: Dagestan, eastern Trans- caucasia, Talysh. General distribution: Mediterranean Region. Described from Italy. Type in London. Genus 1359. RHINANTHUS? 2 L. L. Sp. pl. (1753) 603.—Alectorolophus Hall. Hist. Helv. I (1768) 137. Corolla bilabiate, upper lip galeate with somewhat prominent tooth at tip, lower lip flat, 3-partite. Stamens 4, two included in corolla, two exserted. Calyx laterally compressed, almost membranous, glabrous or pi- lose, sometimes glandular-pubescent, narrowed near throat (tip), 4-toothed, bladderlike inflated in fruit. Capsule laterally compressed, ovate-orbicular, dehiscent, enclosing seeds, resembling ear cavity, winged, rarely wingless. Annual semi-parasites, with opposite, serrate-dentate or crenate leaves and flowers in racemes with floral leaves. Apart from floral leaves, species of genus Rhinanthus are distinguished by usual cauline leaves and in- tercalary leaves, upward from last pair of branches, up to beginning of inflorescence. Note. 1. Linnaeus understood the genus Rhinanthus very broadly. Some species placed here by Linnaeus were transferred by later authors to the genus Bartsia L. (family Scrophulariaceae), and some to the genus Gerardia L. (of same family), while the species R. indica L. was included in the genus Geniosporium Wallr. (family Labiatae). Thus, only R. crista- galli L. s. 1. was left in the genus Rhinanthus. However, all this does ! Treatment by I. T. Vasilchenko. 2 From the Greek rhinos—nose, and anthes—flower. 66 — 575 not justify the rejection of the Linnaean generic name “Rhinanthus” and its replacement by the name “Alectorolophus”. The latter, according to the rules of nomenclature, cannot be accepted, as it was proposed later (see: Thellung and Schinzi, in Bull, Herb. Boiss. Sec.-sér., VII; 6 (1907) 443). But even the name R. crista-galli L. cannot be supported as a specific name and be used for any particular species of this genus. Linnaeus (1753) gave to the name R. crista-galli the generalized characterization of several varieties also extremely vague circumscription and which actually were species. In view of this, Linnaeus himself, three years after the publication of his work, chose to reject this name and gave detailed diagnoses of two species of the genus Rhinanthus (R. major L. Amoen. Ac. III (1756) 53 and R. minor L. |.c. 54) which were established by him. However, later authors continued arbitrarily to using the specific epithet R. crista-galli under most different senses. This served for a time as the source of a series of misunderstandings and the subject of a prolonged discussion in the literature, recently summed up by Schwarz [Schwarz, Zur Nomenclatur einiger Rhinanthus-Arten in Repert. sp. nov. XLVI (1939) 53]. Schwarz included R. crista-galli L. among the doubtful names (“nomen dubium”); it should therefore, be rejected. This, it should be added, was already done in the USSR independently of Schwarz by B. K. Schischkin in his treatment of the genus Rhinanthus in “Flora Zapadnoi Sibiri” [X (1939) 2530]. 2. As is well known representatives of the genus Rhinanthus (as also the genus Melampyrum L.) served as the classic subjects for the descrip- tion of the so-called phenomenon of “seasonal dimorphism,” i.e., origin of early-flowering types (summer species) and late-flowering types (au- tumn species) as a result of prolonged human influence on the rattle- weed through hay-making. This seems to have caused the development of early-flowering (before hay-making) types and late-flowering (after hay-making) types. Refer in this respect to Wettstein [Wettstein, I, Der Saeson-Dimorphismus als Ausganspunkt fur Die Bildung neuer Arten in Pflanzenreiche. Ber. Deutsch, bot. Gesellsch. XIII (1895); II, Untersuchun- gen uber den Saeson-Dimorphismus im Pflanzenreiche. Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, LXX (1901) 305] and other authors. As soon as Wettstein’s work was published, the Russian botanist (from Kiev) IV. Baranetsk put forward a critique observing the disparity between usual times of hay-making and of the flowering of the various races of rattleweed (see his work “Vydayuschiesya yavleniya v noveishiei literature o darvinizme”, Kiev, 1903). N.V. Zinger, while reviewing this question [Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, XII, 1 (1912)], though inclined in favor of Wettstein’s argument, noted that he did not give sufficiently persuasive proof of the hypothesis on the origin of the rattleweed races. 662 576 — Recently Wettstein’s hypothesis has been subjected again to much criticism, most comprehensively reported in the works of the Hungar- ian botanist Sod, Syst. Monogr. Melampyrum in Fedde Repert. XXIII (1926-1927); Die mittel- u. sudosteur. Art. u. Formen Gatt. Rhinanthus, ibid. XXVI (1929) and others]. Sod, after studying the question of seasonal dimorphism not only in connection with the genus Rhinanthus, but also the genus Melampyrum, arrived at the conclusion that the polymorphism of species of the genus Rhinanthus occurs basically because of ecolog- ical and geographical factors, among which the most important are the duration of the vegetative period and the local conditions of plant devel- opment. Soo considers the term “seasonal dimorphism” inappropriate and proposes instead “pseudoseasonal polymorphism” for this phenomenon, whereas for “summer” and “autumn” races, he recommends the designa- tions “scrub race,” “meadow race”, “field race,” “foothill race,” “alpine race,” etc., Similarly, Sod takes issue also with the hypothesis on the ori- gin of the species with wingless seeds by means of slow artificial, gene, selection by the prolonged and primitive ancient practice of cleaning grain by means of wind), and notes that similar forms of seeds are present in several purely meadow types, which are never subjected to this process (see below, for example, R. sachalinensis Vass). It is not possible to dwell in more detail upon the discussion that has arisen on this matter. We, therefore, shall note that the phenomenon of polymorphism in the species of the genus Rhinanthus (considering also their semiparasitic habit) needs thorough renewed research. Moreover, this work can bear fruit only if it is conducted on this basis of Michurin’s teach- ings in biology, on the basis of studying the development of the species of the genus Rhinanthus in concrete environmental conditions and also the history of the formation of this genus. It is extremely difficult to specify the exact number of species in the genus Rhinanthus because of the abun- dance of small local forms, regarded by some authors as species. On the other hand, monographers such as Soo, Sterneck and some others com- bine species which differ from the size of the species usually recognized by Soviet authors. Very appropriately the genus Rhinanthus can be said to include nearly 100 species, distributed mainly in Europe. The species are arranged below according to the system proposed by Soo (1929), with some changes. Economic importance: The species of the genus Rhinanthus, as is well known, are semiparasites, which adhere with their roots to other plants and weaken them. This fact, combined with the low food value of the rattleweeds, obliges us to consider them serious undesirable elements in meadows. Weeding (among other measures), is recommended for their removal from meadows. However, weeding should be done carefully, since 577 pulling out the rattleweed may injure those plants to which the semiparasite has attached itself. ily + Ze + 663 11. Calyx pubescent throughout with simple glandular hairs .......... 72, Calyx glabrous, usually shortly asperate only along (margin) SLUTS trac ORR a RR RS i RI RO i, a 9. CWorolhaal 2 Tom MMON Gace er eh cEy a ae ny geek 3. Corollanls 22s ONG see ee oo ae en eee oy ate oe 4. . Stem 5-10 cm tall; leaves 1-2(2.5) cm long (Alpine zone of Bolshoi CAUCASUS) ooo. 2 ens cee ees ae. te 23. R. schischkinii Vass. Stem 15-30 cm tall; leaves longer. (Komandirovskie islands) ....... esa cause 3 PES hark eR nish, Se ee veer 18. R. borealis (Stern.) Druce. Calyx elandular-pubescensi: 14.9 eal yg) 28 aeitleinseps tloyeolnos ke: Ss Calyx pubescent with simple (uni- or multicellular) hairs. ......... 6. . Internodes few; leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate; intercalary leaves absent (Carpathian mountains) ...... 24. R. rumelicus Velen. Internodes numerous, reduced; leaves yery narrow, linear, (3-4 mm broad); intercalary leaves usually present .....................00..0. Shee Jehan mwmcnn): hi bewene Ae 25. R. osilensis (Bonn. and Sarrs.) Vass. . Calyx covered with minute unicellular hairs ................0..... is Calyx covered with long multicellular hairs (appearing chainlike) 8. . Internodes few, elongated; intercalary leaves absent or one Pale nce MMR! Se ETS 22. R. mediterraneus (Stern.) Adamovic. Internodes numerous (up to 15-30); intercalary leaves (4)5-7(9) pairs a INI eT ee ce eee 21. R. colchicus Vass. . Intercalary leaves absent (or one pair); leaves shorter than internodes ME SERER Se enelan MSE Liens 5 Ae Lanta CRI AS 19. R. major L. Intercalary leaves 3—7 pairs; cauline leaves longer than internodes .. SADR SE URES LM RY 20. R. patulus (Stern.) Thell. and Schinz. PROCES EWITESICSST ae eie,, Stil ates Fe" Teak yh Petes aie ir apa tiie 10. Seeds with distinct rounded wings ....................ceeeeeeeee 11. . Seeds cordate- deltoid; corolla 16-17 mm long (Sakhalin) .......... se aerate sas VO2y oe oes. 2a ha A CAL a 11. R. sachalinensis Vass. Seeds resembling ear cavity; corolla 19-20 mm long. Other regions Beh, Pst, LHe ett LN tins Eh Sy AEN. 10. R. apterus (Fries) Ostenf. Corolla 12-15 mm long, lower lip diverging, corolla throat usually ODER Cais Vo foiyeen Mee: Say ah. SARIN b carettten data O42 ox, Se Se 12: Corolla larger; lower lip appressed to upper, corolla throat closed (with exception of R. subalpinus, where lower lip diverging) .......... 7: . Stem much branched from middle (rarely simple), with 9-15 (and more) reduced internodes; leaves linear-lanceolate or linear; inter- Calanynleayesn? 7) pains ah onsjgh SE eae Says eA em tae BA 13: 664 578 + 13. + 14. Stem simple or branched with 4—9 (rarely more) elongated internodes; leaves linear-lanceolate to oblong-ovate; intercalary leaves absent or One Pall Heda cy Phd. Ee cree Ue St ek a arene 14. Bracts long (up to 5 mm) aristate; corolla tube curved; beak of upper lip up to 1.5 mm long ................... 13. R. angustifolius Gmel. Bracts not aristate or short-aristate; corolla tube weakly flexuous or erect; beak of upper lip shorter ........ ... 12. R. nigricans Meinsh. Stem fleshy, thickened, pilose; leaves oblong-ovate or broadly lance- olate, with large spaced teeth; bracts sparsely pilose, exceeding calyx. (Extreme north-west of European USSR) .....................--265- ascend PETES, AEA TARTAR D2 16. R. groenlandicus (Ostenf.) Chab. Combination of characteristics different .....................068. 15. . Corolla yellow, about 15 mm long, with curved tube; beak of upper lip about 1.5—2 mm long; leaves linear-lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate (Carpathian mountains) ...................... 17. R. alpinus Baumg. Corolla brownish yellow, 12-15 mm long, with erect or slightly curved tube; beak of upper lip smaller; leaves oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate ajo.) aje.,22.0; e552 ASRS MAUI, PSR: EER Re. a 16. . Internodes elongated; stem (10)20-50 cm tall, somewhat thickened asi eie 6.6 econ oss Gnase so oes GRRL: REE aR, elaine TOG SENE aes 14. R. minor L. Internodes much reduced; stem 4—8(12) cm tall, slender ............ ot oes eaeaay aie chaps oe eea echt taaee EIS 15. R. rusticulus (Chab.) Druce. . Branches numerous, closely appressed to stem; stem densely leafy; bracts 1.5—2 times as long as calyx ............... 00. e cece eee eee 18. Branches not appressed to stem; stem less densely leafy; bracts equal- ing Calyx Or lONGer! ob) aes sees see ceiaacees geet Acer iter 19: . Calyx (in fruit) 15-18 mm long; capsule 12-15 mm long ........... Bip hipe Rct eRe ica sp a pak Ne acest 8. R. songaricus (Stern.)-B. Fedtsch. Calyx (in fruit) 10-12 mm long; capsule 8 mm long ................ Pare Coe ee Ok DEORE EL den, Be eRe Meee 9. R. ferganensis Vass. . Bracts cristate-pinnatipartite or incised, with distant subulate-lanceo- late teeth; leaves sharply serrate-dentate ......................05- 20. Bracts not cristate, closely dentate leaves subobtuse- (often crenate-) dentate, ‘rarely sharp-toothed .0 32". $10.2 es oie Pe sai oe 21. . Leaves linear, long tapering, acuminate, closely serrate-dentate ..... A NS Ie AI OM ORL Honea Cie eee 7. R. subulatus (Stern.) Soo. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, with distant teeth .....................45. PIII, DEO IRE RINNE 6. R. pectinatus (Behrend.) Vass. . Capsule 7-8 mm long; seeds about 2 mm long ..................... ph. os SEES Selo, a eetele atl an taceaethetsy. Marae. 3. R. cretaceus Vass. Capsulevand seedstlarzen? Agta... aon. tise ne ae sina one ete 22! . Stem profusely branched, with 18-30 reduced internodes and 3-8 pairs of intercalary leaves; cauline leaves narrowly lanceolate or linear- lanceolate; corolla 16-18 mm long ........... 1. R. montanus Saut. 665 + Internodes fewer; intercalary leaves absent or 1-2 pairs ......... 23} 23. Stem usually profusely branched, rarely simple; internodes 10-18; leaves oblong- or ovate-lanceolate; intercalary leaves 1-2 pairs; Corollagl9222.cnmyplonsirescabbs eiaagtti Ae Aus qodheenpedsenees cl, Usalumnes inet su! 2. R. aestivalis (Zing.) B. Schisch. and Serg. + Combination of characteristics different ............-...+-+-+50+- 24. 24. Calyx minutely glandular-asperate along margin (sutures). (Southern TranscauGasia)\s.%.ee tee. ee ciseeloe 5. R. ponticus (Stern.) Vass. + Calyx asperate only along margin or subglabrous ................--- HGS eA ARO RSIS 4. R. vernalis (Zing.) B. Schischk. and Serg. Section 1. Glabri (Sod) Vass.—Sect. Cleistolemi subsect. Glabri Soé in Fedde, Repert. sp. nov. XXVI (1929) 199.—Calyx glabrous, corolla large (16-18 mm to 20-22 mm long). 1. R. montanus Saut. in Flora, XL (1857) 180; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2532.—R. angustifolius Celak. in Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. (1870) 130.—R. serotinus Schinz and Thell. Fl. Schweiz ed. 3 (1914) 315, non Gmel.—Alectorolophus montanus Fritsch. in Verh. Sool.-bot. Gesellsch. (1898) 322; Sterneck in Abh. zool.-bot. Gesellsch. Wien, I, 2, 73; in Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. XLV, 164.—A. major ssp. montanus Hayek in Hegi, Illustr. Fl. Mittel-Eur. VI, 108.—Ic.: Sterneck in Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. XLV, tab. VII. fig. 18-21 (sub Alector. montano).—Exs.: GRF, No. 1530 and No. 2535-d (sub Alector. montano), PI. Finl. exs. No. 1332; Fl. exs. austro-hung., No. 2608. Annual. Stem erect, profusely branched from middle, subglabrous, with dark brown longitudinal lines, (20)30-65(100) cm tall; branches obliquely erect, usually arcuate ascending, often somewhat violet (like stem), upper branches equaling main stem or nearly so. Leaves longer than cauline internodes, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, serrate-dentate, acuminate; lower leaves shedding before anthesis; internodes numerous, (15)18 to 30, with few (3-8) pairs of intercalary leaves between upper branches and inflorescence. Bracts glabrous, lanceolate-subulate with oval base, long acuminate, incise-dentate, with short-aristate teeth, lower teeth longer and broader than upper. Calyx glabrous, short-aristate only along lateral sutures, 10-15(18) mm long. Corolla yellow, 16-18 mm long, with slightly curved tube; upper lip with violet beak, 1.25-1.75 mm long; lower lip appressed to upper, corolla throat closed. Capsule orbicular, 9-10 mm long and broad. Seeds 2.75-3(4) mm long and almost as broad; wing 0.5-0.75 mm broad. August to September. On sands and ia light sandy soils in thin pine forests and among scrub thickets.—European USSR: Baltic Region, Ladoga-Ilmen, Volga- Kama, Upper Dniester, Upper Dnieper, Middle Dnieper, Upper Volga, 666 580 Volga-Don; Western Siberia: Upper Tobol, Ob’ Region, Irtysh. General distribution: Central Europe, Scandinavia. Described from Salzburg. Type in Salzburg (?). Note. According to N.V. Zinger’s data (Spisok rast. GRF, No. 2535a), R. montanus blossoms much earlier in the north of its range than in the south, and northern plants of this species are less typical than south- ern, deviating in several features toward R. aestivalis (Zing.) B. Schis- chk. and Serg. In the north, R. montanus develops fewer cauline intern- odes than in the south. Thus, for example, in plants collected from the vicinity of the Kostroma, N.V. Zinger observed 19 internodes in most cases; plants collected from the vicinity of Moscow had 20, while in- dividual plants from the vicinity of Kiev usually had 24, those from Novo-Alexandria (Poland) 26. This variation in the number of internodes N.V. Zinger explained by the longer or shorter duration of the vegetative period and likewise also on the development of the mountain rattleweed. The range of R. montanus is great (see above), reaching in the east up to the Yenisey River. Whether it is distributed in Eastern Siberia (in partic- ular, the Baikal Region) and in Mongolia, is not yet clear. The available collections from these regions being comprised of a typical, deviant speci- mens, this question, therefore, needs to be resolved on the basis of further material. 2. R. aestivalis (Zing.) B. Schischk. and Serg. in Fl. Zap. Sib. X (1939) 2531.—R. major ssp. aestivalis Soé in Fedde, Repert. sp. nov. XXVI (1929) 200.—Alectorolophus major ssp. eumajor Stern. in Abh. zool.- bot. Gesellsch. Wien. I. 2 (1901) 72, p.p. —A. major ssp. aestivalis Zing. in Spisok rast. GRF, VIII (1922) No. 2531.—A. aestivalis Zing. in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, XII, 2 (1913) 184.—Exs.: GRF, No. 2531. Annual. Stem 20-50 cm tall, subglabrous, somewhat pilose only on nodes and lower part, often with dark longitudinal lines, usually profusely branched, with numerous internodes. Leaves oblong-lanceolate or ovate- lanceolate, 3-8 cm long, 5—15(18) mm broad, intercalary leaves 1-2(3) pairs. Inflorescence appearing near 6—10(15)th node. Bracts deltoid-ovate, lanceolate-subulate above, with acute lanceolate teeth. Calyx 10-18 mm long, glabrous, asperate along lateral sutures. Corolla light yellow, (18)19-22 mm long, with curved tube; beak of upper lip obtuse; lower lip appressed to upper, corolla throat closed. Capsule orbicular-ovate. Seeds 3-5 mm long. July to August. Meadows, sometimes among crops.—European USSR: all regions (ex- cept extreme north); Caucasus: Ciscaucasia, Western Siberia: Upper To- bol, Irtysh, Altai Mountains; Eastern Siberia: Angara-Sayan (an escape also farther east). General distribution: Central Europe, North America (escape?). Described from Poland. Type in Leningrad. 667 581 3. R. cretaceus Vass. sp. nov. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, XVII (1955). Annual. Stem 30 cm tall, slender, sparsely pilose, pale violet, branched, with long slender branches obliquely erect and equaling main stem, rarely unbranched; internodes reduced (up to 15-20 in number). Leaves narrowly lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, linear on lateral branches, equaling internodes or often longer, crenate-denticulate, (1)1.5-2.5(3) cm long, 2.5-4.5(5) mm broad; intercalary leaves 5—7 pairs. Bracts ovate, incise-dentate, glabrous, equaling calyx. Calyx (in fruit) up to 15 mm long, glabrous, finely asperate along margin. Corolla 18-20 mm long, yellow, with appressed lower lip. Capsule 7-8 mm long, orbicular-ovate. Seeds about 2—2.5 mm long, with light, very narrow wing along margin. July to August. Calcareous slopes. European USSR: Lower Don. Endemic. Described from Svyatye Mountains on Donets. Type in Leningrad. 4. R. vernalis (Zing.) B. Schischk. and Serg. in Fl. Zap. Sib. X (1939) 2530.—R. major ssp. eumajor Schinz and Thell. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. sér. VII (1907) 500.—R. major 1. typus Soo in Fedde, Repert. sp. nov. XXVI (1929) 199.—R. major Ehrh. Beitr. 6 (1791) 144, non L.; Wulff in Fl. Yugo-Vost. VI, 222—Alectorolophus major ssp. eumajor Stern. in Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. XLV, 5 (1895) 161, p.p.; Abh. Zool.-bot. Gesellsch. Wien, I, 2, 72, p.p—A. major ssp. major var. eumajor Hegi, Illuster. Fl. Mittel-Eur. VI, 1 (193) [sic] 108. A. major ssp. vernalis Zing. in Spisok rast. GRF, VIII (1922) No. 2530-a—A. vernalis Zing. in Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, XII, 2 (1913) 182.—Ic.: Rchb. Ic. fl. Germ. XX (1862) tab. 118 (sub Alect. majore Rchb.); Stern in Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. XLV, tab. VII.—Exs.: GRF, No. 1529 (sub A. major ssp. eumajor Stern.); No. 2530 (sub A. major ssp. vernalis Zing.); Hayek, Fl. Stir. ex. No. 562. Annual. Stem (10)20—40(50) cm tall, usually with dark (violet- brown) lines, sparsely pilose (mainly on nodes and in inflorescence), simple or with few long branches above; internodes elongated, often 5-9 in number. Leaves oblong-ovate or lanceolate, crenate-dentate, often 1/2 as long as internodes, 2-6 cm long, (3)5—10(15) mm broad; inter- calary leaves absent or only one pair. Inflorescence appearing on 5—7th node. Bracts glabrous, broadly ovate-rhombic, tapering above, acumi- nate; lower teeth large (up to 5 mm long), gradually reducing toward tip. Calyx glabrous, asperate along sutures (margin), 13-15(18) mm long. Corolla light yellow, (18)20(22) mm long, with curved tube; beak of upper lip 1.5(2) mm long, violet or white (f. albidens Ostenf. f. leucodon Seml.); lower lip appressed to upper, corolla throat closed. Capsule 10-12 mm long. Seeds winged, 3.5—4.5 mm long. May to July (August). 668 582 Meadows, forest edges, as weed in fields, in Caucasus (in sub- alpine zone), reaching to 2500-2600 m.—European USSR: all regions; Caucasus: Ciscaucasia, eastern and southern Transcaucasia; Western Siberia: Upper Tobol, Irtysh, Ob’ Region; Eastern Siberia: Angara- Sayan, Dauria. General distribution: Central and Atlantic Europe, Scan- dinavia, Balkan States-Asia Minor. Described from Poland. Type in Leningrad. Note. Some plants are observed in the range of this species that ap- parently are stunted among crops, with a single-flowered stem, about 10 cm tall (f. gracilis Seml.). Caucasian plants of this species, accord- ing to N.A. Busch, are less pubescent and are, referred by him (in herb.) to R. major var. glabra Rchb. However, I did not see differences in the pubescence of Caucasian plants and plants from European USSR, which could serve as a basis for separating these varieties. 5. R. ponticus (Stern.) Vass. comb. nov.—Alectorolophus ponticus Stern. in Abh. zool.-bot. Gesellsch. Wien, 1, 2 (1901) 48.—Exs.: Balansa. pl. or. (1866). Annual. Stem about 30 cm tall, green, subglabrous, sparsely branched above. Cauline leaves almost equaling internodes, oblong-lanceolate, with rounded base, tapering above, acuminate, with subacute, appressed teeth along margin; intercalary leaves absent. Bracts subglabrous, deltoid- rhombic, tapering above into short mucro, with subequal acute lanceolate teeth along margin. Calyx glabrous, finely asperate along teeth margin. Corolla about 20 mm long, yellow, with slightly twisted tube; beak of upper lip horizontally diverging, up to 2 mm long, violet; lower lip appressed to upper, corolla throat closed. Seeds with about 1 mm broad wing. July to August. Reported (Sterneck, I.c.) from southern Transcaucasia. General distri- bution: Asia Minor (Lazistan). Described from Lazistan. Type in Vienna. 6. R. pectinatus (Behrend.) Vass. comb. nov.—R. subulatus (Stern.) So6 ssp. pectinatus (Behrend.) Soo in Fedde, Repert. sp. nov. XXVI (1929) 182.—Alectorolophus pectinatus Behrend. in Verh. bot. Ver. prov. Bran- denb. 45 (1904) 51. Annual. Stem about 50 cm tall, green, subglabrous, branched, with diverging, arcuately ascending branches almost equaling main stem. In- tercalary leaves several pairs. Upper cauline leaves linear-lanceolate, long acuminate, equaling or almost equaling internodes, sharply toothed, teeth regularly spaced. Bracts glabrous, ovate-deltoid, tapering above into short mucro, slightly exceeding calyx, cristate-dentate along margin, teeth nar- rowly subulate, acute (but, not aristate), becoming smaller toward tip. Ca- lyx glabrous, finely asperate along margin. Corolla about 18—20 mm long, 671 583 with slightly curved tube; lower lip appressed to upper, corolla throat closed. Fruit and seeds not known. July to August (Plate XXIV, fig. 2). Forest glades in middle mountain belt—European USSR: Crimea; Caucasus: western and southern BEDS ES Endemic. Described from Armenia. Type in Berlin. 7. R. subulatus (Stern.) Sod in Fedde, Repert. XXVI (1929) 182.— Alectorolophus subulatus Stern. in Abh. zool.-bot. Gesellsch. Wien, 1, 2 (1901) 80.—Exs.: Herb. Fl. Cauc. No. 608. Annual. Stem up to 50 cm tall, with dispersed, longitudinal, dark stri- ations, subglabrous, with elongated internodes, usually branched in upper half, branches shorter than main stem. Cauline leaves narrowly linear, long acuminate, densely serrulate-denticulate, equaling internodes; inter- calary leaves absent. Bracts glabrous, ovate-deltoid, short-pointed, cristate- partite, equaling calyx; lower teeth subulate, up to 5 mm long, aristate, up- per teeth shorter, but also narrowly lanceolate-subulate. Calyx 13-15 mm long, glabrous, sparsely asperate along margin. Corolla 18-20 mm long, yellow, with suberect tube; beak of upper lip horizontally diverging, up to 1.5—-2 mm long; lower lip appressed to upper, corolla throat closed. Capsule orbicular-ovate. Seeds with about 1 mm broad wing. June to July. Forest glades and edges in deciduous forest zone-—European USSR: Crimea; Caucasus: all regions. Endemic. Described from Caucasus (Radde, from “Pedoun”). Type in Vienna. Note. So6 (1.c.) reports a plant of the type of R. subulatus from Arme- nia, but distinguishes it from the latter by the more distinct puberulence. I was unable to see plants of similar character. So far, it has not been possible to decipher the collection sites of this plant. The description of the routes and collection sites (see: Radde, Die Sammlungen des Kauka- sischen Museums, II, Botanik, 1901, and others) of the plants does not contain the names “Pedoun” (in Sterneck’s text) or “Hedoun” (in Chabert’s text); neither does it contain names in spelling to these two. This question can be decided only by fresh, thorough study of the labels of the authentic species. 8. R. songaricus (Stern.) B. Fedtsch. in Fedtsch. i Fler. Fl. Evrop. Ross. (1910) 880; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2533; Soo in Fedde, Repert. sp. nov. XXVI (1929) 201.—Alectorolophus songaricus Stern. in Abh. zool.- bot. Gesellsch. Wien, 1, 2 (1901) 79.—Exs.: Herb. Soc. Nat. Cur. Mosq. No. 365. Annual. Stem 30-60 cm tall, simple or sparsely branched; branches and leaves closely appressed to stem; stem glabrous (somewhat pilose only at nodes) or sparsely pubescent, with 8-10(15) internodes. Leaves linear- lanceolate, (2)3-6(9) cm long, very narrow on lateral branches (2-3 mm 584 672 585 broad), up to 7-8 mm broad on main stem, appressed to stem or obliquely erect, numerous, crowded, exceeding or at least equaling internodes; inter- calary leaves absent. Bracts glabrous, deltoid-lanceolate, long acuminate, with acute teeth; lower teeth long; upper gradually reduced toward tip; lower bracts 1.5—2 times as long as calyx, upper equaling it. Inflorescence dense, flowers crowded. Calyx glabrous, asperate along margin, 15-18 mm long in fruit. Corolla (16)17(18) mm long, yellow, with slightly curved tube; beak of upper lip violet, about 1.5 mm long; lower lip appressed to upper, corolla throat closed. Capsule orbicular-ovate, (10)12-15 mm long. Seeds 3.5+4 mm long, 2.5-3 mm broad, with about 1 mm broad membranous wing. June to July. Salt marsh meadows and valleys of rivers and lakes—European USSR: Black Sea Region, Crimea, Lower Don, Lower Volga, Trans- Volga Region; Caucasus: Ciscaucasia, Western Siberia: Upper Tobol, Irtysh, Altai Mountains; Soviet Central Asia: Balkhash Region, Dzh.- Tarbagatai, Tien Shan. General distribution: Dzh.-Kashgar. Described from “Songaria”. Type in Vienna. Note. Within the range of this species a race is found, the members of which develop, apparently, in extremely wet conditions (marshy meadows, banks of rivers, lakes etc.). These plants are distinguished from typical R. songaricus by a slender, always simple stem, and small (1.5—2.5 cm long, 2.5—-3.5 mm broad), narrowly oblong (up to linear) leaves more dis- tantly spaced along the stem. I assign these plants to a separate subspecies (R. songaricus ssp. riparius m.). This subspecies is distributed at the east- ern limit of the range of the species: in the Trans-Baikal Region and in the mountain ranges of southern Siberia, eastern Kazakhstan and Kirgizia—up to the Transalai Range, where a plant of similar character is observed in the valley of the Muksu River and near Gulcha. It is reported also from the mountain massif of Ulutau in northern Kazakhstan. Very interesting is the plant, collected near Temir and Aktyubinsk, on 22-7-1926, no. 76, in a dampish meadow by M.M. Ilin and M.N. Avram- chik. In appearance this plant is similar to R. songaricus, but is distin- guished from it by its more distant leaves and, importantly, by very large seeds (5—6 mm long). Unfortunately, only one specimen is available, which makes it difficult to determine the exact taxonomic status of this plant. Plate XXXIV. 1. Rhinanthus ferganensis Vass., upper portion of plant at fruiting stage, portion of inflo- rescence at flowering stage.—2. R. pectinatus (Behrend.) Vass., portion of inflorescence at fruiting stage —3. R. major L., flowering portion of inflorescence.—4. R. minor L., flowering portion of inflorescence.—5. R. schischkinii Vass., general appearance of plant. 673 586 9. R. ferganensis Vass. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, XVII (1955). Annual. Stem 40-60(75) cm tall, thick (S—6 mm in diameter in lower part when dry), sparsely pilose on nodes, profusely branched in upper half, with long, erect, slender branches, densely leafy; internodes 15-20. Leaves numerous, lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, small, 1-2 cm long and 2.5-3(5) mm broad on lateral branches, larger on main stem, but shedding by fruiting stage. Bracts ovate, sharply serrate-dentate, up to incised, acuminate. Calyx light colored (culmiferous), glabrous, finely as- perate along margin, 10-12 mm long. Corolla yellow, 16-17 mm long, beak of upper lip darker, bluish, about 1 mm long; lower lip appressed to upper, corolla throat closed. Capsule 8 mm long and almost as broad, light brown. Seeds 3-4 mm long, winged, with light brown margin. Flowering in June. Fruiting from July (Plate XXXIV, fig. 1). Banks of rivers, rivulets, irrigation canals—Soviet Central. Asia: Syr Darya. Endemic. Described from Osh. Type in Leningrad. 10. R. apterus (Fries) Ostenf. in Raunk. Dansk. Ekskursionfl. ed. 4 (1922) 267; Shishkin in Sorn. rast. SSSR, IV, 130.—R. reichenbachii (Drejer) Benth. in DC. Prodr. X (1846) 558, p.p.—Alectorolophus apterus Ostenf. in Bot. Arch. (1904) 83; Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. (1904) 204.—A. major var. apterus Fries, Nov. fl. Suec. (1842) 60; Hegi, Illustr. Fl. Mittel-Eur. VI, 108.—A. major ssp. apterus Stern. in Abh. zool.- bot. Gesellsch. in Wien, 1, 2 (1901) 72; Tsenger in Spisok rast. GRF, VIII, No. 2530a.—A. reichenbachii Drejer in Fl. exs. Hafn. (1838) 210, p.p.—Ic.: Stern. in Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. XLV, tab. VIII.—Exs.: GRF, No. 2532a (sub Alector. majore Rchb.); Fries, Herb. norm. fasc. 10, No. 19. Annual. Stem 20-50(60) cm tall, with 7-12 internodes, somewhat pilose, markedly pubescent on nodes, usually with numerous, dark, long- itudinal lines, branched in upper half, with arcuately ascending lateral branches, upper branches slightly shorter than main stem. Leaves oblong- lanceolate, (2)3-6(7) cm long, (3)5—10(15) mm broad, exceeding or equaling internodes; intercalary leaves absent or not more than 123 pairs in upper part of stem, between last pair of branches and inflorescence. Bracts ovate-lanceolate, long acuminate, exceeding calyx, lower teeth larger, gradually becoming smaller toward tip. Calyx glabrous, asper- ate along margin. 12-18 mm long. Corolla yellow, 18—20 mm long, with slightly curved tube, beak of upper lip 1-1.5 mm long; lower lip appressed to upper, corolla throat closed. Capsule orbicular-ovate. Seeds wingless or with very narrow, indistinct margin, 2.5-3(4) mm long, similar to ear cavity in shape. July. Weed among crops of winter cereals (mainly rye and wheat). Euro- pean USSR: Baltic Region, Ladoga-IImen, Dvina-Pechora, Volga-Kama, 674 587 Upper Dniester, Upper Volga, Middle Dnieper, Volga-Don, Trans-Volga Region; Western Siberia: Upper Tobol, Ob’ Region, Irtysh. General dis- tribution: Central Europe, Scandinavia. Described from Sweden. Type in Uppsala. Note. Dreier (Dreier, Fl. exs. Hafniensis, 1838) described R. re- ichenbachii, from Germany, with wingless seeds, but with a glabrous or pubescent calyx. The latter suggests that Dreier confused at least two species under this name. According to Zinger (l.c.), the well-known ex- pert on rattleweed, A. Chabert A. Chabert, having studied material of R. reichenbachii identified by Dreier himself, arrived at the conclusion that even three different species are confused under this name. Later, the monographer of the genus Rhinanthus Sterneck (1901), assigned forms of R. reichenbachii with a pubescent calyx to R. alectorolophus ssp. buc- calis Stern. As for forms with a glabrous calyx, their position is not clear to me. Possibly, these belong to a western race of wingless rattleweed, which should be regarded as a separate species (R. reichenbachii). This question can be decided not only by studying Dreier’s material, but also by special study of Western European rattleweeds with wingless seeds. Hence I found it more advisable to retain the name R. apterus for the eastern forms of rattleweed with wingless' seeds and a glabrous calyx. Moreover, this name is very suitable, revealing the basic characteristic feature of the species, and is generally used in USSR. Zinger’s research (“O podvidakh bol’shogo pogremka—Alectorolophus major Rchb.” 1928) shows that in R. apterus, the capsule valves do not separate on maturity, as in species growing in meadows, but remain tightly pressed together. The calyx thus being closed, the seeds do not spill out of capsule even with strong vibrations, but remain inside (or inside the closed calyx). When the plants shake, they produce a noise (“Tattle”); hence, the plant is popularly called “zvonets,” “bubovnik” and “pogremok,” etc. Zinger suggests that similar names were initially attributed to R. apterus, and only later did they acquire generic significance. As a result of the confinement of the wingless rattleweed seeds within the capsule, they fell among the rye grains during harvesting and threshing, and it was difficult to completely remove them by the old, primitive method of cleaning grain. In autumn they were sown in fields along with the grains, leading to the growth of wingless rattleweed among rye crops (especially among thin crops, for example, in sandy unfertilized soils, etc.). Economic importance: It is one of the “special” weeds among winter grain crops. Seeds of this species, without a circular wing, are compar- atively difficult to separate from rye and wheat grains while winnowing. Thus, the development cycle of the wingless rattleweed coincides with the development of rye and wheat and it ripens simultaneously with them up to the moment of grain harvest. 675 588 11. R. sachalinensis Vass. sp. nov. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, XVII (1955). Annual. Stem 40-50 cm tall, simple or with few (2-4) pairs of slen- der, very short branches in uppermost part, subglabrous, puberulent only at nodes, with 10-12 elongated internodes, somewhat violet in color (es- pecially in upper part). Leaves oblong-lanceolate, 3-6 cm long, 5-10 mm broad, with subobtuse serrate teeth along margin, exceeding or equaling internodes; intercalary leaves absent. Bracts ovate-lanceolate, acuminate; lower teeth projecting, deeply sinuate, short-aristate; teeth sharply reducing toward tip, bracts thus becoming serrate. Calyx glabrous, finely asperate along margin, about 15 mm long. Corolla greenish yellow (when dry), 16-17 mm long, beak of upper lip violet, lower lip appressed to upper lip. Capsule about 10 mm in diameter. Seeds wingless, deltoid-cordate, 2-2.5 mm long. July. Mountain pastures.—Soviet Far East: Sakhalin (southern part). En- demic. Described from Sudzuisk Range. Type in Leningrad. Section 2. Minores Stern. in Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. XLV (1895) 298.—Corolla small (12-15 mm long); lower lip diverging, corolla throat open. Calyx glabrous. 12. R. nigricans Meinsh. Fl. Ingr. (1878) 259.—R. stenophyllus (Schur) B. Fedtsch. Fl. Evrop. Ross. (1910) 881; Maevsk. FI. ed. 7, 657.—R. minor var. stenophyllus Schur, Enum. pl. Transs. (1866) 511; Chabert in Bull. Herb. Boiss. VI, 513.—Alectorolophus stenophyl- lus Stern. in Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. XLV (1895) 301; Abh. zool.-bot. Gesellsch. Wien, I, 2, 110.—A. parviflorus Wallr. f. stenophyllus Beck. Fl. Nied. Oesterr. (1895) 1067.—Ic.: Rchb. Ic. fl. Germ. XX, tab. 117 (sub Alector. minor); Stern. in Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. XLV, tab. XI._—Exs.: FI. exs. austro-hung. No. 2613; Fries, Herb. norm. fasc. 7, No. 12; Herb. FI. Ingr. No. 471°. Annual. Stem 20-50 cm tall, with 8-15 internodes, sparsely pilose (es- pecially at nodes), branched from middle, with virgate, arcuately ascend- ing branches, rarely simple, usually somewhat dark violet, rarely green, with 2-3 pairs of intercalary leaves. Leaves linear-lanceolate, acuminate, crenate-dentate, lower leaves shedding by flowering stage. Bracts green, sometimes blackish, with rounded, sharply incise-dentate base, lanceolate- acuminate, with teeth gradually reducing toward tip. Calyx glabrous, very finely asperate along margin, 10-12 mm long, often dark colored (dark- ish violet). Corolla 12-15 mm long, yellow, with slightly curved or erect tube; beak of upper lip rounded, small, indistinct, white or rarely vio- let (f. maculiferus Linb.); lower lip diverging from upper, corolla throat open. Capsule orbicular-ovate. Seeds 3-4 mm long, with light wing about 0.75 mm broad. (June) July to August. 676 589 Dry valley meadows, hills, in mountains up to 1500 m.—European USSR: Baltic Region, Ladoga-IImen, Upper Dnieper, Upper Dniester; Cau- casus: Ciscaucasia. General distribution: Central and Atlantic Europe, Balkan States-Asia Minor (Balkan Peninsula). Described from Leningrad Region (Oredezh River). Type in Leningrad. Note. This autumn species begins to blossom in the south (for exam- ple, in the Carpathian mountains) as early as June. 13. R. anguslifolius Gmel. Fl. Bad. II (1806) 669; Soo in Fedde, Repert. XXVI, 187, p.p.—R. crista-galli a. angustifolia montana L. Sp. pl. (1753) 840.—R. crista-galli 8. angustifolius Gaud. Fl. Helv. IV (1829) 109.—Alectorolophus angustifolius Heynh. Nomencl. bot. (1840) 28; Stern. in Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. XLV, 274; Abh. zool.-bot. Gesellsch. Wien, I, 2, 94.—A. angustifolius a. typicus Beck, Fl. Nied. Oesterr. (1893) 1068.—Ic.: Stern. in Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. XLV, tab. XI; Rchb. Ic. fl. Germ. XX (1862) tab. 119.—Exs.: Schultz, Herb. norm. No. 64, 108; Hayek, El. Stir. exs. No. 192. Annual. Stem 20-60 cm tall, often with numerous, dark longitudinal lines, subglabrous, usually profusely branched in upper half with arcu- ately ascending branches, with numerous reduced internodes. Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, exceeding internodes, crenate-dentate; in- tercalary leaves 2—7 pairs. Bracts glabrous, narrowly deltoid, slightly exceeding calyx; lower teeth lanceolate, subulate, long aristate (arista up to 5 mm long), teeth reducing toward tip. Calyx glabrous. Corolla 12-15 mm long, with short curved tube; beak of upper lip suberect, up to 1.5(2) mm long, violet, subacute; lower lip diverging, not appressed to upper, corolla throat open. Seeds with about 1 mm broad wing. (July) August to September. Stony and rubbly slopes and outcrops of stones and rubble-—European USSR: Upper Dnieper, Middle Dnieper, Black Sea Region, Bessarabia, Upper Dniester, Crimea. General distribution: Central Europe. Described from Baden (Germany). Type in Berlin. 14. R. minor L. Amoen. Ac. III (1756) 54; Ehrh. Beitr. TV (1791) 144; DC. Prodr. X, 557; Koch, Syn. II, 626; Simonkai, Enum. pl. Transs. 431; Shishkin in Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2534.—R. crista-galli var. minor Doll, Rhein. Fl. (1843) 338.—Alectorolophus minor Dum. FI. Belg. (1827) 33; Wimm: and Grab. Fl. Siles. II, 1, 213; Stern. in Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. XLV, 298; Abh. zool.-bot. Gesellsch. Wien, I, 2, 103—A. parviflorus Wallr. Sched. crit. (1822) 318.—A. crista-galli M.B. Fl. taur.-cauc. II (1808) 68.—Ic.: Rchb. Ic. pl. VII, fig. 974; Stern. in Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. XLV, tab. XI—Exs.: Fl. exs. austro-hung. No. 136, 2612; Dorfl. Herb. norm. No. 5149; Lindb. Pl. Finl. exs.; GRF, No. 1528. 677 590 Annual. Stem 20-50 cm tall (sometimes shorter), with few (4—9) elon- gated internodes (exceeding leaves), sparsely pilose or glabrous. with or without diffuse, longitudinal, dark lines (f. maculiferus Lindb.); lateral branches shorter than main stem. Leaves shorter than cauline internodes, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 24 cm long, 5-10 mm broad; intercalary leaves absent. Bracts blackish green (lower bracts green, similar to cauline leaves in color), ovate-deltoid at base, long acuminate, sharply dentate with teeth gradually reducing toward tip. Calyx glabrous, finely asper- ate along margin (suture), (10)12-15 mm long in fruit. Corolla yellow, 12-15 mm long, with erect tube shorter than calyx; beak of upper lip small, rounded, light or violet; lower lip distant, diverging from upper lip, corolla throat open. Capsule orbicular, 9-10 mm in diameter. Seeds 3-4 mm long, winged. May to June (August in south of areal) (Plate XXXIV, fig. 4). Meadows, banks of rivers, lakes, sea coasts—European USSR: Karelia-Lapland, Dvina-Pechora, Ladoga-Ilmen, Baltic Region, Upper Dnieper, Upper Volga, Volga-Kama, Upper Dniester, Middle Dnieper, Volga-Don, Trans-Volga Region, Black Sea Region, Bessarabia, Lower Don; Caucasus: Ciscaucasia, Western Siberia: Upper Tobol’, Irtysh. Gen- eral distribution: Central and Atlantic Europe, Scandinavia. Described from Western Europe. Type in London. Note. Within the limits of this species there is var. septentrionalis Kihl. [in Mem. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 20 (1943-1944) 17] with an inten- sively pigmented (violet in color) short stem, terminally crowded flowers and 2-3 pairs of broadly lanceolate leaves. In several features (reduced inflorescence, few leaves), this variety is close to R. groenlandicus (Os- tenf.) Chab. (see below). Further collection of material is necessary in order to explain the relation-ship of R. minor var. septentrionalis and R. groenlandicus. B. minor shows a clear tendency to spread eastward and at present it occurs, perhaps, not only in Western Siberia, but also beyond the Yenisey River. Further observations are needed. These are plants similar to R. minor from the northern Caucasus in herbaria. These however, are distinguished by the presence of several shortened internodes and perhaps a brighter corolla and are late-flowering (for example, the collection of E. and N. Busch in Digoriya). This, appar- ently, is an autumn (“autumnalis’”) plant, and, possibly, should be treated as a separate species. Due to inadequate material and observations, I have left this question open for the present. 15. R. rusticulus (Chab.) Druce in List of Brit. pl. (1908) 54.—R. minor var. rusticulus Chab. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. (1899) 512.—R. crista-galli ssp. rusticulus (Chab.) Sod in Fedde, Repert. XX VI (1929) 187.—Alectorolophus rusticulus Stern. in Abh. zool.-bot. Gesellsch. Wien, I, 2 (1901) 108. 678 591 Annual. Stem slender, simple, 4—8(12) cm tall, with very short and comparatively numerous (6-9) internodes. Leaves several pairs, crowded, oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, exceeding internodes, shed- ding in lower half of stem by flowering stage. Inflorescence capitate, with few (2-5) flowers crowded at stem tip. Bracts ovate, incise-dentate, with lanceolate teeth. Calyx 8-10 mm long, glabrous, with margin (su- tures) eovered with very minute, dense, scarious bristles, usually dark- ening by fruiting stage (somewhat dark violet). Corolla 12-14(15) mm long, with somewhat diverging lower lip, yellow, with very small, in- distinct, dark colored small tooth on upper lip. Capsule orbicular-ovate, 8-10 mm long. Seeds 3-4 m long, with light fringe along margin. July to August. In alpine regions, often near snow, on glacial moraines, etc.—Caucasus: region of Main Caucasus Range. General distribution: Central Europe (Alps). Described from France. Type in Geneva. 16. R. groenlandicus (Ostenf.) Chab. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. (1899) 511.—Alectorolophus groenlandicus Ostenf. in Phan. Pterid. Faerdes (1891) 51, p.p. (excl. var.); Stern. in Abh. zool.-bot. Gesellsch, Wien, I, 2, 117.—Exs.: Hohenack. Pl. Labrador. No. 79, 80. Annual. Stem fleshy, thickened, 15-35 cm tall, somewhat pilose, green, simple, very rarely with few short branches, with 4-6 elongated in- ternodes. Leaves slightly fleshy, pilulose on both surfaces, oblong-ovate or broadly lanceolate, with large spaced teeth. Bracts sparsely pilose; ovate- deltoid at base, long tapering, exceeding calyx, incise-dentate at base, teeth reducing toward tip. Flowers crowded at stem tip in short ovate inflores- cence. Calyx glabrous, finely asperate along sutures, about 15 mm long. Corolla 15 mm long, with erect tube, brownish yellow; beak of upper lip rounded, small, violet; lower lip diverging, corolla throat open. Capsule orbicular-ovate, about 10 mm in diameter. Seeds 3-3.5 mm long, with light wing along margin. July to August. Banks of rivers, lakes, sea coasts —Arctic Region: Arctic Europe; Eu- ropean USSR: Karelia-Lapland. General distribution: Scandinavia, Green- land, Labrador. Described from Greenland. Type in Copenhagen. 17. R. alpinus Baumg. Enum. stirp. Transs. II (1816) 194; Schur. Enum. pl. Transs. 512; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 480; Simonk. Enum. FI. Transs. 431.—R. alpinus typus Sod, in Fedde, Repert. XXVI (1929) 190.—R. alpinus ssp. carpaticus So6, I.c.—Alectorolophus alpinus Stern. in Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. XLV (1845) 228; Abh. zool.-bot. Gesellsch. Wien, I, 2, 84.—Ic.: Rchb. Ic. fl. Germ. XX (1862) tab. 112; Stern. in Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. XLV tab. XI—Exs.: Herb. Mus. Bot. Univ. Leopold. No. 4761. 679 392 Annual. Stem (10)15—20 cm tall, subglabrous, comparatively slender, dark-striated, branched in upper half, with slender, arcuately ascending branches, with numerous reduced internodes. Leaves exceeding internodes, lanceolate-linear or lanceolate, linear on lateral branches, denticulate; in- tercalary leaves 2-5 pairs. Flowers appearing near 10—15th node. Bracts glabrous, oblong-ovate, with acute, narrowly lanceolate teeth along mar- gin; lower bracts exceeding calyx, upper equaling it. Calyx glabrous, about 15 mm long by fruiting stage. Corolla yellow, about 15 mm long, with intensely curved tube; beak of upper lip violet, 1.5—2 mm long; lower lip 1/2 as long as upper, diverging; corolla throat open. Capsule 8(10) mm long. Seeds winged. August to September. Mountain pastures—European USSR: Upper Dniester (Carpathian Mountains). General distribution: Central Europe, Balkan Peninsula. De- scribed from Transylvania. Type in Vienna. Note. Soo (1.c.) differentiates in the range of this species ssp. carpati- cus So0, distinguished from typical R. alpinus by the stem, simple or with few branches. The beginning of the inflorescence is at the 6th—10th node; the inflorescence is few-flowered; intercalary leaves absent or one pair. Flowering in August. This subspecies is observed, according to Soo, in the “Eastern Carpathians”; however, it is not yet reported from the territory of the USSR. This same author cites his new species R. transsilvanicus Soo (l.c. 191), distinguished from R. alpinus by a larger corolla (18 mm) and a lower lip appressed to the upper. This species possibly occurs in the Carpathian Mountains in the USSR. 18. R. borealis (Stern.) Druce in Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist. (1901) 178.—Alectorolophus borealis Stern. in Ann. Cons. and Jard. Genéve (1899) 25; Abh. zool.-bot. Gesellsch. Wien, I, 2, 112. Annual. Stem (8)15—30 cm tall, somewhat thickened, pilose (some- times densely tomentose), simple with few (5-6) elongated internodes. Lower leaves oblong-ovate, upper broadly lanceolate, with large project- ing teeth, pilulose. Bracts deltoid-lanceolate, tapering above (lanceolate- subulate), much exceeding calyx, with acute teeth in lower part, grad- ually reduced toward tip. Calyx tomentose throughout, covered with minute, multicellular hairs, 12-15 mm long. Corolla 13-15 mm long, tube erect, beak of upper lip rounded, small, lower lip diverging, corolla throat open. Capsule orbicular-ovate. Seeds winged. July (Au- gust). Damp meadows in river valleys, along coastal regions —Soviet Far East: Kamchatka (Commander Islands). General distribution: Aleutian Is- lands, Greenland, Iceland, Scotland. Described from Aleutian Islands (Un- alaska). Type in Geneva. 680 593 Note. The species R. arcticus (Stern.), Vass. comb. nov., found in Alaska, is distinguished by a profusely branched stem with numerous internodes and 2-3 pairs of intercalary leaves. The cauline leaves in this species are narrower, narrowly lanceolate, the flowering is later than in R. borealis, namely, in August. R. articus is an autumn species (in contrast with the summer species R. borealis). Possibly, it occurs in USSR. Section 3. Hirsuti (Sod) Vass.—Sect. Cleistolemi subsect. Hirsuti Sod in Fedde, Repert. XXV (1929) 192.—Calyx covered with long, fine mul- ticellular hairs. Corolla large (about 20-22 mm long), upper lip appressed to lower, corolla throat closed. 19. R. major L. Amoen. Ac. III (1756) 53—R. alectorolophus (Scop.) Poll. Hist. nat. Palat. II (1777) 177; Gmel. Fl. Bad. II, 668; Koch, Syn. fl. germ. II, 626; R. alectorolophus (Scop.) Pall. grex medius 1. typus Sod in Fedde, Repert. XXVI (1929) 192—R. hirsutus (All.) Greml. Exsc. Fl. Schweiz (1843) 314—R. villosus Pers. Syn. pl. II (1807) 151.—Alectorolophus alectorolophus Stern. in Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. XLV (1895) 11; Abh. zool.- bot. Gesellsch. Wien, I, 2, 28.—A. hirsutus All. Fl. Pedem. I (1785) 58; Beck. Fl. Nied.-Oesterr. II, 2, 1068—A. grandiflorus 3. pubens Wallr. Sched. crit. (1822) 316.—Mimulus alectorolophus Scop. Fl. Carn. I (1772) 435.—Ic.: Rchb. Ic. fl. Germ. XX, tab. 118; Stern. (1895) tab. IV; Maevsk. FI. ed. 7, fig. 270; Billot, Fl. gall. and germ. exs. No. 1289 bis. Annual. Stem 30-50 cm tall, green or with diffuse, purple (up to black), longitudinal lines, somewhat pilose (especially in upper part), sim- ple or branched, branches usually exceeding main stem; internodes few, elongated. Lower leaves oblong-ovate, upper narrower, lanceolate, crenate- dentate, shorter than internodes; intercalary leaves absent or one pair. Inflo- rescence appearing usually at 5S—6th node. Bracts deltoid-rhombic, pilose, acute, equaling calyx, with short and broad, lanceolate, subequal teeth. Calyx large, covered with long, fine, multicellular, white eglandular hairs; hairs smaller on teeth, unicellular. Corolla about 2 cm long, tube slightly curved; beak of upper lip horizontal, up to 2 mm long, violet, rarely white (f. leucodon Doll.), lower lip appressed to upper, corolla throat closed. Seeds with about 1 mm broad wing. June to July (Plate XXXIV, fig. 3). Meadows.—European USSR: Upper Dnieper, Upper Dniester, Baltic Region. General distribution: Central Europe. Described from Western Europe. Type in London. 20. R. patulus (Stern.) Thell. and Schinz in Bull. Herb. Boiss. XXXIV (1907) 501.—R. alectorolophus +. patulus Chab. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. VII (1899) 504.—R. alectorolophus ssp. patulus So6 in Fedde, Repert. sp. 681 682 594 nov. XXVI (1929) 194.——Alectorolophus patulus Stern. in Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. (1897) 433; Abh. zool.-bot. Gesellsch. I, 2, 34. Annual. Stem 20-60 cm tall, sparsely pilose, green, profusely branched, with diverging, arcuately ascending branches, sometimes exceeding main stem (f. longiramosus Seml.); internodes numerous, reduced. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, crenate-dentate, exceeding internodes; intercalary leaves 3-7 pairs. Inflorescence appearing at 12—18th node. Bracts pilose broadly deltoid-rhombic, equaling calyx, bract teeth broadly lanceolate, subequal. Calyx covered with long, white, multicellular hairs. Corolla about 2 cm long, yellow; beak of upper lip up to 2 mm long, violet or light (f. leucodon Seml.); lower lip appressed to upper, corolla throat closed. Capsule 1 cm in diameter. Seeds with about 1 mm broad wing. August to September. Meadows, grassy slopes——European USSR: Upper Dniester, Upper Dnieper, Baltic Region. General distribution: Central Europe. Described from Austria. Type in Vienna. Note. A variety with broadly ovate leaves is reported under this species; some authors consider it as independent species [R. ellipticus (Hausskn.) Sch. and Thell. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. (1914) 314], established already in 1894 by Haussknecht as Alectorolophus ellipticus Hausskn. [in Tagebl. Verz. Naturf. (1864) 368]. There is no proof of occurrence of a plant of similar character in the USSR. 21. R. colchicus Vass. sp. nov. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, XVII (1955). Annual. Stem 30-60 cm tall, green or somewhat violet, but with- out longitudinal dark lines, diffusely pilulose, branched in upper half, with long, obliquely erect branches, upper branches almost equaling main stem; internodes short, numerous (15-30), shorter than leaves. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, with minute, subobtuse, semiappressed teeth along margin, narrower on lateral branches, linear-lanceolate; inter- calary leaves (4)5-7(9) pairs. Bracts with ovate base, incise-dentate (teeth acute), short-aristate, with teeth reducing toward tip, pilulose. Calyx 13-15 mm long, covered throughout with multicellular hairs. Corolla 20-22 mm long, beak of upper lip about 1.25-—1.5 mm long; lower lip appressed to upper, corolla throat closed. Capsule 8 mm long, suborbicular. Seeds about 3-4 mm long, winged. August to Septem- ber. Mountain slopes (limestone) in forest zone. — Caucasus: western and southern Transcaucasia, Ciscaucasia foothills (west). Endemic. Described from Gagry. Type in Leningrad. Note. This species can be compared with R. mediterraneus Sod (in its typical form), from which it is distinguished by features characteristic of 683 595 autumn species, while R. mediterraneus is a summer species. R. colchicus is closer to R. arvensis Chab., also an autumn species known from the Balkan Peninsula. However, the latter has a shorter stem (20-30 cm) with longitudinal dark lines, fewer intercalary leaves (2 pairs), and cauline leaves with acute, distantly spaced teeth. 22. R. mediterraneus (Stern.) Adamovic in Rad. Jugosl. Acad. CKCX (1931) 62; Sod in Fedde, Repert. XXV, 204.—R. crista-galli var. mediterraneus Fiori, Fl. analit. d’Italia, II (1926) 370.—Alectorolophus goniotrichus Stern. in Oe6estert. Bot. Zeitschr. XLV (1895) 127, p.p.—A. mediterraneus Stern. in Abh. zool.-bot. Gesellsch. Wien, I, 2 (1901) 54.—Exs.: Aucher-Eloy, Pl. or. No. 5101. Annual. Stem 20-40 cm tall, simple or branched, with longitu- dinal dark lines, somewhat pilose, with elongated internodes. Lower leaves oblong-ovate, upper lanceolate, usually shorter than internodes, with subacute teeth; intercalary leaves absent or one pair. Bracts ovate- deltoid, tapering above, pilulose, usually exceeding calyx, lower two teeth longer (up to 6-8 mm long), aristate, teeth gradually reducing toward tip. Calyx covered throughout with minute unicellular, simple hairs. Corolla about 20 mm long, tube slightly decurved, beak of up- per lip conical, up to 2 mm long, violet; lower lip appressed to upper, corolla throat closed. Capsule orbicular-ovate. Seeds winged. May to July. Mountain (limestone) slopes—European USSR: Crimea; Caucasus: western and southern Transcaucasia, Dagestan (?). General distribution: Mediterranean Region, Central and Atlantic Europe, Balkan States-Asia Minor. Described from Western Europe. Type in Vienna. Note. It is possible that this western species is replaced in the Cau- casus by another species, noted by Sod [see Repert. XXVI (1929) 187 in adnot.], namely, R. handel-mazzettianus ssp. armeniacus Soo. This question is difficult to resolve, since I did not see specimens referred to R. handel-mazzettianus and So6 (1.c) did not give a di- agnosis of this species, from which some idea about the latter could be formed. Determination of the character of the calyx pubescence in R. handel-mazzettianus ssp. armeniacus is especially important. Soo him- self synonymized the latter with R. mediterraneus, but with a question mark (?). Section 4. Schischkiniella Vass. sect. nov—Calyx pubescent with minute multicellular simple hairs. Corolla 12-15 mm long with diverging lower lip. 23. R. schischkinii Vass. sp. nov. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, XVII (1955). 684 596 Annual. Stem 5—10(12) cm tall, somewhat pilose, with fine, lon- gitudinal, dark violet lines; internodes 3-5, comparatively long. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, pilulose, 1—-2(2.5) cm long, 5—8(10) mm broad, 3-5 pairs; intercalary leaves absent. Bracts ovate, with few large teeth, ex- ceeding calyx. Calyx covered throughout with minute, multicellular, scattered hairs, 8(10)-12 mm long. Corolla 12-15 mm long, yellow, with slightly curved tube, beak of upper lip very small, scarcely discernible, violet; lower lip diverging, corolla throat closed. Capsule orbicular- ovate, 8-10 mm long. Seeds winged, July to August (Plate XXXIV, figs 5)? Alpine meadows, usually near glaciers——Caucasus: alpine region of central part of Main Caucasian Range (vicinity of Elbrus and Kazbek.) Endemic. Described from Kel-Bash (Sary-Bash) Lake. Type in Leningrad. Section 5. Glandulosi (Sod) Vass.—Sect. Cleistolemi subsect. Glan- dulosi Soo in Fedde Repert. XXVI (1929) 197.—Calyx glandular- pubescent. Corolla large (18-20 mm long), lower lip appressed to upper, corolla throat closed. 24. R. rumelicus Velen. in Sitzungsber. Bohm. Gesellsch. Wiss. (1887) 455.—R. major var. glandulosus Simk. Enum. pl. Transs. (1886) 432.—R. major 3. hirsutus Velen. Fl. bulg. (1891) 433.—R. rumelicus Velen. typus Soo in Fedde, Repert. sp. nov. XXVI (1929) 197.—Alectorolophus glandulosus Stern. in Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. XLV (1895) 38; Abh. zool.- bot. Gesellsch. Wien, I, 2, 43.—Ic.: Velen. I.c. f. 20; Stern. in Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. XLV, tab. VI—Exs.: Dorfl. Herb. norm. No. 2971; Fl. exs. austro-hung. No. 2605. Annual. Stem up to 50-60 cm tall, simple or branched, usually ~ somewhat glandular-hairy in upper part, often with dark striations, with few elongated internodes. Cauline leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate; intercalary leaves absent. Inflorescence appearing at 5—-8(10)th node. Bracts glandular-hairy, ovate-deltoid, teeth short, broadly lanceolate, subequal. Calyx glandular-pubescent. Corolla about 20 mm long, tube slightly curved, tooth of upper lip horizontally diverging, about 1.5—2 mm long, violet; lower lip appressed to upper, corolla throat closed. Capsule orbicular-ovate. Seeds winged. May to June. In meadows.—European USSR: Upper Dniester (?). General distri- bution: Balkan States-Asia Minor. Described from Bulgaria. Type in Vi- enna. Note. R. rumelicus Velen. is reported for the eastern Carpathians and its occurence in USSR is very likely. It is a spring summer species, cor- responding with the autumn species R. abbreviatus (Murb.) Schwarz (in Mitt. Thur. Bot. Ver. (1927) 19 (R. rumelicus ssp. abbreviatus (Murb. Soo l.c.) with a profusely branched stem, numerous reduced 685 597 internodes, 2-5 pairs of intercalary leaves and other features of late (August-September) flowering species. An intermediate position between these two species is occupied by R. rumelicus ssp. simonkaianus So6 (l.c.), with a profusely branched stem with numerous reduced internodes and the absence of intercalary leaves (sometimes one pair present) and intermediate flowering times (June—July). Exposed forms of R. rumelicus have a glandular pubescent calyx, sometimes subglabrous on the surface and densely glandular only along sutures. These forms are related to R. wagneri Deg. [in Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. (1894) 39]. No information is available about the occurrence of these species and subspecies in the USSR. 25. R. osilensis (Ronn. and Saars.) Vass. comb. nov.—R. rumelicus Velen. ssp. dsilensis Ronn. and Saars. in Fedde, Repert. XXV (1934) 97. Annual. Stem 20-50 cm tall, with dark violet longitudinal lines, pubescent (especially in upper part) with long, multicellular, glandular hairs, branched in upper part; internodes numerous, shorter than leaves in lower part of stem and equaling or exceeding them in upper part. Cauline leaves very narrow, linear, 2(3)}4(5) mm broad, glandular-hairy on both surfaces, covered with short bristles along margin and above along midrib; intercalary leaves usually 1—3(4) pairs. Bracts 8-10 mm broad, pubescent with glandular and simple bristles, unequally dentate, teeth 2 times as long as broad, often tapering into short arista. Inflorescence appearing at 16-20th (rarely at 12-15th or 21—24th) node. Calyx covered through- out with glandular hairs and also bristles along margin. Corolla densely glandular, 18-20 mm long. Capsule glandular-pubescent. Seeds winged. August. In marshes (in associations of Pinguicula alpina + Schoenus ferrug- ineus). European USSR: Baltic Region (Sarema-Esel islands). Endemic. Described from Sarema Island. Type in Vienna. Hybrid Species R. x fallax (Wimm. and Grab.) Chal. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. (1899) 514.—Alectorolophus minor var. fallax Wimm. and Grab. Fl. Siles. I, 1 (1829) 213.—A. fallax Stern. in Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. XLV (1895) 299; Abh. zool.-bot. Cesellsch. Wien, I, 2, 122.—Exs.: GRF, No. 2534. . Annual. Refers to hybrids of R. minor x R. vernalis (R. major), distin- guished from R. major by the larger corolla the up to 1 mm long tooth of the upper lip, and always violet color; from R. vernalis by the erect corolla tube, diverging lower lip, and shorter tooth of the upper lip. N.V. Zinger has noted on the label of this specimen that it “occurs only in places where A. major Rchb. and A. minor Wimm. and Grab. grow together in large numbers, of which it is obviously a hybrid. In the living condition, it is 686 598 easily distinguished from both these species. In dried specimens, how- ever, differences from A. minor are not clearly discernible”. A. fallax is described from Silesia. Type in Berlin. R. X pseudosongoricus. Vass. hybr. nov.—R. major var. festissovianus Chab. in sched. Annual. This species was annotated by Chabert as a variety of R. ma- jor. However, in several features (long bracts exceeding calyx, acuminate leaves) it is close to R. songoricus (Stern.) B. Fedtsch. Apparently, in this case we have the hybrid type of R. vernalis (= R. major auct. non L.) x R. songoricus, found in the region of overlap of these species. Flowering from June to July. Valleys of rivers and lakes—Western Siberia: Irtysh, Altai Moun- tains; Eastern Siberia: Angara-Sayan, Dauria; Soviet Central Asia: Dzh.- Tarbagatai, Balkhash Region. Tien Shan, Pamiro-Alai (east). General dis- tribution: Dzh.-Kashgar (Kuldzhinsky Oasis). Described from Kuldzha. Type in Leningrad. R. X pseudomontanus V. Krecz. in sched. Annual. In several features (narrow leaves, more internodes, corolla smaller than in R. major), it is close to R. montanus; otherwise similar to R. major. Flowering in June. Known from Surazh (near Chernigov). Apparently, it is the hybrid R. vernalis x R. montanus. Type in Leningrad. R.x hungaricus (Borb.) So6é in Fedde, Repert. XXVI (1929) 203.— Fistularia hungarica Borb. in Deutsch. Bot. Monatsschr. (1901) 147. Annual. This species is known from Transylvania and Bosnia. Soo does not give a description and only points out that it is the hybrid R. rumelicus x R. crista-galli. Possibly, this hybrid occurs in the USSR in the Carpathians. Genus 1360. RHYNCHOCORYS':2 Griseb. Griseb. Spicil. fl. Rum. and Bith. II (1844) 12 (nom. conservandum)—Rhi- nanthus L. sp. pl. (1753) 603, pro min. parte; Wettst. in Pflanzenfam. IV, 3b, 106.—Elephas Adans. Fam. II (1763) 211.—Probosciphora Neck. Elem. I (1790) 336.—Elephantina Bertol. Fl. Ital. VI (1844) 279. Calyx laterally compressed, bilabiate, upper lip bidentate, lower bi- partite. Corolla with short tube and bilabiate limb, upper lip tapering into long, curved, ascending or erect beak, lower lip 3-lobed. Stamens 4, didy- namous, with short filaments; anthers transversally or obliquely connivent, ! Treatment by B. K. Schischkin. ? From the Greek rhynchos—beak, and korys—helmet. 687 599 with obtuse (at tip) lobes. Stigma capitate. Capsule orbicular, loculici- dal. Seeds longitudinally sulcate. Annual or pereunial herbs with opposite leaves and yellow axillary flowers. This genus includes 4 species distributed from Italy and Sicily to Iran. 1. Upper lip strongly arcuately curved ...... 1. R. orientalis (L.) Benth. + Upper lip ascending or erect .............. 2. R. elephas (L.) Griseb. 1. R. orientalis (L.) Benth. in DC. Prodr. X (1846) 559; Ldb. FI. Ross. III, 267; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 478; Schmalh. Fl. II, 289; Grossh. FI. Kavk. Ill, 404.—Rhinanthus orientalis L. Sp. pl. (1753) 603.—Elephas orientalis Guss. Fl. Sic. Prodr. II (1828) 155 in observ.—E. incurva G. Don, Syst. IV (1838) 619.—Ic.: Rchb. Ic. pl. crit. VIII, tab. 730. Annual. Root shortly fibrous. Stem erect or ascending, simple or with opposite branches, pubescent, 20-60 cm tall. Leaves opposite, deltoid- ovate, subfalcate at base, subsessile, subacute, cristate-crenate, 1-2 cm long, 1-1.5 cm broad, upper (floral) leaves gradually reduced. Flowers axillary, solitary, pedicels in fruit recurved, shorter than leaves. Upper calyx lip slightly broader than lower, with obtuse lobes. Corolla yellow, upper lip with two short lateral lobes at base, transforming into subulate, elongated, extremely curved beak with small, rounded, spreading lamella at tip with ciliate margin; lower lip pubescent outside, ciliate along margin, large, orbicular-ovate, with 3 obtuse lobes; middle lobe sinuate with mucro in middle of sinus. Capsule orbicular, slightly compressed, pubescent, 10-12-seeded; seeds oblong, deeply sulcate-rugose. June to August. In forests, among scrub, damp medows and weedy places—Cauca- sus: Ciscaucasia, western, eastern and southern Transcaucasia. Endemic. Described from the “Orient”. Type in London. 2. R. elephas (L.) Griseb. Spicil. fl. Rum. and Bith. II (1844) 12; Ldb. Fl. Ross. Ill, 167; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 478; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 404.—R. strictus C. Koch ex Grossh. Opred. rast. Kavk. (1949) 320.—Rhi- nanthus elephas L. Sp. pl. (1753) 603.—R. elephas (L.) Griseb. var. erecta Boiss. l.c.—R. strictus C. Koch in Linnaea, XXII (1849) 684.—Elephas recta G. Don, Syst. IV (1838) 619.—E. columnae Guss. Fl. Syc. Synops. II (1844) 153.—Ic.: Fiori and Paol. Ic. Fl. Ital. 356.—Exs.: Fl. Cauc. exs. No. 295. Annual. Plant glandular-pubescent throughout or subglabrous. Stem erect or ascending, branched, 20-40 cm tall. Leaves with very short peti- oles, ovate, obtuse, cristate-crenate along margin, rounded or subcordate at base, 2-5 cm long, 1-2.5 cm broad; floral leaves markedly reduced, el- liptical, with acute teeth. Flowers single in leaf axils, or leaf-opposed, on short peduncles. Calyx lips dissimilar, lower lip longer and more deeply 688 600 incised. Corolla yellow, upper lip linear, abruptly curved below middle and transforming into subulate, erect or ascending beak with two teeth above base; lower lip large, equaling or exceeding upper, orbicular, with 3 ob- tuse lobes. Capsule globose, pilulose, shorter than calyx. Seeds numerous, subglobose, with linear stripes. June to July. In forests, in meadows up to alpine zone—Caucasus: western and eastern Transcaucasia, Talysh. General distribution: Sicily, Italy, Balkan States-Asia Minor. Described from Italy. Type in London. Genus 1361. PEDICULARIS!: 2 L. L. Sp. pl. (1753) 607. Calyx campanulate or tubular, sometimes (especially in fruit) some- what inflated, membranous, coriaceous or herbaceous with unbranched or branched veins, sometimes reticulate, often cleft in front and at the back, with 2-5 equal or unequal teeth (posterior tooth reduced or even absent) lateral, often connate. Corolla irregular, bilabiate, with long, sometimes very long (up to 10 cm) tube; tube narrow or broadened at throat, erect, curved or appearing broken; upper lip (galea) erect or often somewhat strongly curved, tapering above into short or somewhat long beak, beak sometimes exceeding galea or absent; lower lip 3-lobed, abruptly broad- ened from throat or clawed, with longitudinal, parallel, elevated lines. Stamens 4, didynamous, ascending under galea, anther locules parallel. Style with capitate stigma. Capsule compressed, somewhat asymmetrical, with unilateral dehiscence, or somewhat symmetrical, with apical, bilateral dehiscence. Seeds ovate or oblong, somewhat pitted or ribbed. Annual or perennial mesophytic (marsh, forest, meadow, steppe or dry steppe) herbs, with alternate or whorled (and opposite) leaves. Note. The genus Pedicularis, consisting so far of over 400 species, falls into several natural groups, the large majority of which were known to Maksimovich, the first important monographer of this genus, who sug- gested naming them as series. These groups, however, are difficult to clas- sify further, and prominent taxonomists, monographers of this genus, such as Steven, Bunge, Maximowicz, Prain, and even Bonati and Limpricht, could not entirely cope with this task. We have chosen with slight changes the earlier system of Bunge, similar in the main to the other systems. Un- fortunately, research of Li (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. No. 100 (1949), (1948); 101 (1949) initiated on Chinese representatives of the genus, was not known to me. I cannot, therefore, assess her contribution to the tax- onomy of Pedicularis. ! Treatment by A.I. Vvedensky. 2 From the Latin pediculus—louse. 689 601 Special collections are necessary for further successful study of the louse-worts in order to explain the relationship and origin of the groups, as also to differentiate the closely related species. Herbaria, as a rule, lack specimens with well representated roots, but the root system undoubtedly reveals important taxonomical features. The manner of dehiscence of the capsules and the consistency of their valves also are important taxonomic features, but fruiting specimens also are usually ignored by collectors. Fi- nally, the color of the corolla in most cases is impossible to study from herbarium materials. This should be noted without fail in collections, with- out omitting even the details of the color pattern (lip. galea, beak). In order to simplify study of bract shape, it is necessary, besides whole samples, to dry several cut inflorescences, by separating parts of flowers and bracts. PwAMNUAIS ANG DICNNTALS fo eat ac Ge <.cieusasey see iamapareeiie « & Ds He OEETEMIM AS creme AR Ta eres oy 25 INA ithe ee Sere cee tice cd eee ea acy 13. 2. Galea with two obtuse, broad, usually recurved teeth above throat; some species, in addition, with two small, erect or projecting teeth IMGSOMETSPECIOS pee ticter et aie eee cis tyke clea a oy tea SCAR at 3: + Galea without teeth above throat; oa under tip of galea, if present, TE CUIV CO Nae AN a Bie ce Ail aR aL es a A 8. 3. Galea beaked with two slender teeth .......... 82. P. adunca M.B. + Galea without beak or almost so, without teeth under tip, or teeth CLC ah peat 2) eee ar EE a ue AL ade hi antec eg BR: 4. 4. Lower floral leaves larger than cauline leaves ................... 5; + Lower floral leaves smaller than cauline leaves .................. 6. 5. Lip ciliate, equaling galea; corolla 13-15 mm long; filaments of two stamens pilose; capsule 8-10 mm long ... 87. P. pennellii Hulten. + Lip glabrous, slightly shorter than cailee corolla 11-12 mm long; stamens with glabrous filaments; capsule 6-8 mm long ........... ene cee lauaoks Wena eile ee ee ee On euro 86. P. hyperborea Vved. 6. Corolla 10-11 mm long; galea almost without beak; lip glabrous, much shorter than galea; stamens with glabrous filaments ......... AR RR OIE 5S.) Te REN Ie aH 85. P. vlassoviana Stev. + Corolla 14-22 mm long; galea subrostrate, with minute, erect teeth under tip; lip ciliate, slightly shorter than or exceeding galea .... 7. 7. Corolla 14-16 mm long, capsule 7-10 mm long84. P. karoi Freyn. + Corolla (18)20—22 mm long; capsule 13-16 mm long ............. DU. AES ROR: CT IE RMR RMR trae Pa 83. P. palustris L. 8. Leaves whorled; galea without teeth under tip ................... 9. + Leaves alternate; galea with two teeth under tip ............... he 9. Leaves sinuate-pinnatipartite or deeply pinnately lobed with crenate- serrate segments; corolla bright purple, 12-15 mm long; lip almost ZMUMES; AS ONES AS Pala ae ake oe esa tas 35. P. spicata Pall. 690 602 + 10. le 12) Leaves pinnatisect, with pinnately lobed or deeply pinnati partite seg- ments; corolla light yellow, sometimes with reddish veins, 15-28 mm long; lip equaling or slightly shorter than galea ................ 10. Galea somewhat curved at tip and gradually transformed into distinct beak; corolla bent in calyx throat; leaf segments deeply pinnatipartite ARAN eet RCL ee Cae a tt aR LL 32. P. myriophylla Pall. Galea almost without beak or with projecting beak; corolla much exceeding calyx throat, curved; leaf segments pinnately lobed .11. Galea with distinct beak; filaments of two stamens pilose ......... BEE ESR) BEL CR DO SSE NC A A anna 33. P. ludwigii Rgl. Galea almost without beak; stamens with glabrous filaments ...... iby Sai AEST, LN: BUTE, OME TRIO OD 34. P. abrotanifolia M.B. Plant crispate-pubescent; flowers yellow, later sometimes coated with anthocyanin; capsule sublinear, horizontally diverging ............. Ret eas denebeayen mela aeine 0 a ad ea ea ah 41. P. labradorica Wirsing. Plant glabrous; flowers pink; capsule obliquely broadly oblong .... Ney e Eres Ria < Ste steel nineita Rio este appraise ates mites. Pacse 81. P. sylvatica L. ikRootstock Slender, (chcepinG sy Vino yah nin ices i a rare 14. Plant without rootstock or with thick reduced rootstock ....... Wie . Leaves opposite; flowers singly in axils of upper leaves, not forming SePardte IMilOTescenCe ny ) cycre temas ea aia 36. P. kuznetzovii Kom. Leaves alternate; flowers in terminal inflorescence ............. 15. Galea without beak; lip parallel to galea . 103. P. capitata Adams. Galea with distinct beak; lip diverging from galea ............. 16. . Cauline leaves glabrous, short-petiolate; corolla yellowish, 14-15 mm long; capsule linear-lanceolate, horizontally diverging OrssliPntlyMECUVEd Bee, pect Meese oct 37. P. lapponica L. Cauline leaves long crispate-hairy, sessile, semi-amplexicaul; corolla yellow, 30-32 mm long; capsule oblong .......... 38. P. tristis L. . Galea without beak, villous-ciliate in front along margin ...... 18. Galea glabrous in front along margin, with long beak if villous 19. . Leaves deeply pinnatipartite into broadly ovate lobes; calyx lobes Centate yas etka ei ate: 104. P. spectrum-carolinum L. Leaves tripinnatisect into linear lobules; calyx teeth entire ......... La died Wt Merrell 4 gs AP tet cat Oly ah te daken ram aN 105. P. grandiflora Fisch. . Leaves (and bracts) whorled (or lower opposite). Plant sometimes ~ ACAUIESCENI. frei chante asks Wea teercrart Bho prers tract apevaa etre eter eavatan a 20. Leaves distinctly alternate; plant always with distinct stem, even if SOMELMES SHORE eee sccm een anole im RUM etcr neat sey one oats 47. . Galea with long beak; beak as long as galea, curved along with it; galea with two obtuse teeth above throat 4. P. tianschanica Rupr. Galea without beak or with long beak, but always much shorter than galea: galea without teeth above throat ......................6- Pai 691 692 D2 23. 24. 26. 21; oils 603 . Corolla tube included in calyx throat, i.e. bent at right or obtuse angle much below middle... 2.0.00. .0- betas ce ete eee nee eee 22: Corolla tube erect or smoothly falcate or sharply curved, but from MiddleianrabOve ed! ks Hy oe ce ebyne ee ews iG Faide islasier ose 30. Lip exceeding, equaling or slightly shorter than galea ......... Pipe. Lip) 2/3. aslongvas iwaléa (02.0) .jeree eee ba fae marcel eels nc tiacs P= 29. Leaf segments broadly oblong or suborbicular, coarsely dentate, with distinctly chondroid margin; anthers usually spaced in pairs ....... SAE ek CUP CRS C QISY SUE bs eds ops 17. P. verticillata L. Leaf segments sublinear, linear-lanceolate, lanceolate, deltoid-oblong or deltoid-lanceolate or, at least, obversely oblong or obversely oblong-lanceolate and patently dentate, but never with distinctly chondroid margin, only with chondroid-pointed teeth; anthers al- WAYS) COMNGLG 74.05. cee ess osccens ener este: mat-ia sel seers: : 24. Leaf segments deltoid-oblong or deltoid-lanceolate, decurrent on wineedtdentate axisy tiene cin anacce er: 22. P. amoeniflora Vved. Leaf segments different in shape; axis not dentate ............. 25: . Leaf segments obversely oblong or oblanceolate, patently dentate . Aci sean icra lau vegtictars Rees Seba ait cac delat ob .......-. 10. P. eriophora Turcz. Leaf segments sublinear, linear-lanceolate or lanceolate, with pro- jecting teeth, 2055 ee aie eneoete testy elie -eaetdena- ete -« 26. Lip 1.5—2 times as long as galea .........-...-...2 sees ence ees DT. Lip equaling galea or slightly longer ..............--+++-+--+-+ 28. Leaf segments coarsely dentate, with recurrent-denticulate teeth, whorls of cauline leaves 2-4 ........... 0... cece cece cee erence es Leaf segments with sharp-toothed lobes, whorls of cauline leaves DD sence bane bs Sacredett Spex: Mp ero tsiratay® Hens SORA te 11. P. amoena Adams. . Root fibers fusiform; leaf segments sharply pinnatipartite .......... = isis ciby tet Monee paic cate eaeratreietin” Setar oa eurnrte Es 9. P. korolkovii Rgl. Root fibers funiform; leaf segments serrulate or subentire ......... SEANT TUM RBO MARE iS lid alist tore tavimiaa ba are Ruth 8. P. arguteserrata Vved. . Galea without beak; corolla pinkish violet .............+-4-+++--ee- stl deat reaigh tgdeys eR eaeRaRls eno Ee anid one duey 12: P. roleccens Schrenk. Galea with fiefinet but short conical beak; corolla variegated ..... SPATS NE ALO Pa C0 easly 16. P. cheilanthifolia Schrenk. . Galea with two acute teeth below tip, teeth narrowly deltoid, re- curved, or projecting and recurved; plant acaulescent or with short Weak Sten Se ky Matta MRM ecrc i < dealencras tee e Sheiaie| eels elena 7 Balls Galea without teeth below tip or with teeth, but in latter case stems — well developed, stout ..:...........see cece eee eer e eee e een eeen es 34. Galea smoothly curved at tip; teeth under it projecting or recurved a NSE OPENS a coarse 3 9 awa cihn do atopy winner aie baara nd seahe piatate 8 < - 32: 604 + a2: 34. 35% 41. 693 + 42. 43. 44. Galea hooked at tip, teeth under it recurved ................... a3: Corolla pale pink, with pinkish purple lip, 28-32 mm long, stem SHOMOULGISIMEE* 2M reac an nee ce 29. P. karatavica Pavl. Corolla white, 30-45 mm long; plant acaulescent or almost so .... SUA eae Seren otc ne cn nee cet, fer 30. P. waldheimii Bonati. . Corolla yellowish, with purple tinged lip 25. P. zeravschanica Rgl. Corolla pinkish yellow, monochromatic, plain ..................... ithaca Ae ap trade ani ed acacia dnp sea bac 26. P. inconspicua Vved. Capsule symmetrical or almost SO ..................cee eee ees 35) Capsule distinctly asymmetrical, i.e. beak deflected to one side, mak- ing it easier to distinguish ventral and dorsal sides of capsule... 40. Stems stout, distinctly 4-angled in inflorescence and under it, pubescent, sometimes crispate-hairy in inflorescence; galea slightly Shorter than tubes se NS ort Sete te eek, See kan anne eee ce aie ene 36. Stems glabrous or somewhat densely pubescent with long crispate hairs, short hairs absent; plant sometimes acaulescent .......... 37. . Galea with very short beak, 1.5 times as long as lip ............... OE ee ete ee Cee eee mes seen 18. P. interrupta Steph. Galea with beak nearly as long as width of galea, galea 2 times as LONG asMipKee twee ee eee amet 19. P. platyrrhyncha Schrenk. . Stem distinct, well developed, floral leaves present ............ 38. Plants subacaulescent; floral leaves absent .................... 39. Galea without beak) */i722 eee 20. P. pycnantha Boiss. Galea with rudimentary beak .......... ee 21. P. olgae Rgl. . Corolla white or pinkish violet, galea obtusely bidentate at tip .... Biitur wi iacusinbetltae IMA ake ie bel ph-iente a Babe sh 23. P. pulchra Pauls. Corolla yellow, beak and teeth absent ......... 24. P. verae Vved. . Stems well developed, erect or ascending at base, glabrous or with 2=-Athairy lines rs. heme re oe err ec er ale neeenes toe ce meme ee 41. Stems weak, partially ascending, somewhat densely pubescent with long crispate hairs, or plants acaulescent ....................06- 45. Galea witht lone beak nei Oe Me Oa ee enh 42. Galea without or with rudimentary beak ....................... 43. Stem and leaves glabrous; lip ciliate; capsule obliquely oblong, al- mostisemicirewlan= 22879. ee eres 5. P. chamissonis Stev.. Stem and leaf petioles pubescent; lip glabrous; capsule obliquely lanceolate or obliquely oblong-lanceolate .......................045 OES MOOT Le ET Ce Cee eee Sete 6. P. crassirostris Bge. Corolla tube bent at right angle above or near middle; galea with rudimentary beak or truncate at tip .............. cc. cece ee eee 44. Corolla tube smoothly falcate; galea rounded at tip in front ....... msde, Wosiaise cables Sale Gee rie ah a, obsess 15. P. caucasica M.B. Galea with rudimentary beak .......... 13. P. subrostrata C.A-M. 694 605 Galea without beak at tip, truncate ........... 14. P. pontica Boiss. . Corolla white, 30-35 mm long; plant subacaulescent, but often with long, ascending branches ............ 31. P. maximowiczii Krassn. Corolla pinkish purple or at least lip pinkish purple; stem simple46. . Radical leaves absent; galea equaling lip or slightly shorter; corolla pinkish purple or white, with pinkish purple lip ................... BF RENN SRY OE RU Oe NN a PPS USL 27. P. semenovii Rgl. Radical leaves present; galea slightly or 1.5 times as long as lip; corolla pinkish purple, with dark purple lip ....................... EASES. SRE SUSHI EISEN, ROE ie aCe AAS 28. P. popoyvii Vved. . Galea with very long, circinately or sigmoidally curved beak, equal- ingvor exceedinerealear vad, ech ees Rae Re a ie 48. Galea without beak or with long beak, but shorter than galea . 50. . Corolla tube 4-8 cm long ............... 1. P. longiflora Rudolph. Corollattubenotilonver than’ remess208 555 oe. eee See ee 49. . Galea dorsally angular; corolla pinkish violet ...................... Bena er chos exch ec ose eS ae SEL eee 2. P. rhinanthoides Schrenk. Galea dorsally rounded; corolla cream colored ..................... BE. INA eR SEINE rete Toc auleeleehcelb's 3. P. peduncularis M. Pop. . Stems usually branched (simple in weak samples); radical leaves ab- sent, cauline leaves entire, oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, incised serrate-dentate, with serrate or dentate notches at tip; flowers pendu- lus, solitary in axils of reduced floral leaves .................... Sill Stems always simple; leaf shape and segmentation different; flowers in terminal inflorescence; at least middle and upper bracts different ION CAUHMENIEAVE SS Ase AAs ye Rniiey see Cee mee ret a2. 5h ce oe a4 3 Saal, ie ee ie tele ponte Mere 39. P. yezoensis Maxim. Corolla purple (or white in albinos); capsule 11-16 mm long ..... oe ROSSER ore ces ocekeG eurhayeencie Niieyoie lence leac oe ES 40. P. resupinata L. . Galea beaked; beak sometimes bidentate, teeth recurved or projecting ANCES CURVE rata eee ee rc cei teactee eee ERC a EE EA Ee a3: Galea without beak and teeth; teeth, if present, small and erect .... Be shes stinade da lepapa op taai Sits teller Na tk OA nea Poa: deste Prego A 91. Beakrotigaleapwithoutitecthineens: Sretak yliaes) yout Se a} SA. Beakor galea bidentate =. seni se. ese noe or Yee eee 32h . Galea villous ciliate in front along margin ..................... 39. Galea noticiliaten sy Nossa ess seca le be ces eee, See 56. . Calyx glabrous, 5-6 mm long ............ 49. P. proboscidea Stev. Calyx 7-8 mm long, pubescent with long hairs .................... 1 8 5, 20 eerie iipays Mathai tied oy: aes uhh Wie 50. P. brachystachys Bee. scCorollaypinkisimpnnplen.... ne. see cee eee ce hee eee ee ene She Corolla yellow ricer c cet ere eels ane a anes 58. 695 ye 58. Corolla 20-24 mm long, tube falcate above .. 44. P. nasuta M.B. Corolla 13-15 mm long, tube erect ... 48. P. nordmanniana Bge. Calyx (5)6(7) mm long, subcoriaceous, broadly campanulate; corolla tube scarcely jcunveditins 20). tenn. Ian ee} 51. P. incarnata L. Calyx 9-12 mm long, membranous, saccate-campanulate, swollen at base; corolla tube curved at obtuse or almost right angle .......... SENS ne cl ete Ne Rep eR eee 52. P. compacta Steph. . Corolla yellow, with purple veins; lip almost parallel to galea ..... a ie svete tiara ipa ARE CUE gee Wd AR 46. P. striata Pall. . Galea hooked at tip, teeth thus pointing downward, i.e. parallel to galeaanist! iis Mel Aen Sod Willan, wh, ianond pepe a 61. Galea with teeth under tip projecting ona recurved, i.e. at acute angle fo aleaaxts 3c agdd naa INE oe 2. eee al ten: eoataah ge hooey 66. « Corolla, glabrous outside) i¢2713).84222 ed es Bee 62. Corolla usually rather densely puberulent outside .............. 65. . Corolla bright pink (or white in albinos); root stout, with funiform HUD CE SIRAREA PE et dc at et 53. P. dasystachys Schrenk. Corolla yellow; root reduced, fibers fusiform, thickened ......, 63. . Leaves doubly pinnatisect; calyx veins branched, but not anasto- MOSEO HE 12), i, NES, MAR kay, al bts meres 62. P. lasiostachys Bge. Leaves pinnatisect; calyx veins forming fine recticulum............ . Corolla villous in throat; capsule oblong-ovate or ovate, symmetrical SRR ULL Cees late tae ol pd Os he 54. P. physocalyx Bge. Corolla glabrous in throat; capsule obliquely lanceolate-oblong .... SDD Ss ch 8 Mitty IE Ne A ee ee ean gn 55. P. songarica Schrenk. . Corolla pale yellow, sometimes with purple teeth; leaf segments incised-pinnatilobate ...................000- 56. P. pubiflora Vved. Corolla pink; leaf segments pinnatipartite ......................---. Se ee ee Nee Pen Se ae Setteeeeeseseeceseessss 01. P, alatauica Stadim. . Calyx teeth narrowly deltoid or spatulate, less than 1/3 as long as Lit of Mere EAS wernt Grrr atm eLan SLRS MRC per ea LC mR. 67. Calyx teeth broadly deltoid, broader than long, several times shorter Chea CS iso ok ai a tay nao 3 ee RR IE eR 78. . Flowers pink or pinkish purple; root vertical, branched or reduced, fibers funtfOrmy ieee seer oss eis ond os ns eS Ee 68. . Leaves twice or almost thrice dissected into segments ............. a foltielbte conta semis alates Sister thw aten ss ia eee yR ene, See 64. P. rubens Steph. Leaves \PINNMAlSeCl yes /ahein ciel ueciicsserc oi ieieeie hes ie EEE EN aes 2 69. 696 69. 80. 81. 607 Calyx teeth equaling tube; leaf segments lobed or dentate; leaf axis broadly »winged jratyiel: so has 4. Os ces ete 42. P. sudetica Willd. Calyx teeth 2/3 as long as tube; leaf segments pinnatipartite or pinna- tisect; leaf axis not winged or narrowly winged, in latter case calyx. tecth)1/3 as longyasitubee.t4yt-ceael Ya aulieienig Mietouay: Yen Se. 70. . Root vertical, branched; calyx teeth 2/3 as long as tube ........... Seo OT REDE LM Lo eM APPR LS ts et Parte rac ciety arid 43. P. villosa Ldb. Root reduced, with funiform fibers; calyx teeth 1/3 as long as tube ME PPOIEA, ERI os 88 ain alatolanctanenslacive iS A 45. P. uliginosa Bge. . Leaf segments uniformly and closely pinnatipartite and deeply pin- nately lobed, lobes and segments uniformly serrulate .............. Belin ahavsitl na aparece ul pilee yo eiamabid Ste patel ants 58. P. mandshurica Maxim. Leaf segments unequally pinnatipartite or dissected, with unequally dentate, spaced lobes and segments or leaves 2—3-pinnatisect ..... BEALS TAU MU ry Ac pirice ad MAINE es! wih ie Mh pemenat s eelv hae ee. | 72: . Galea beak long, i.e. longer than broad ........................ Wes: Galea beak short, i.e. shorter than broad ....................... 74. . Beak truncate, with teeth below ....... 60. dolichorrhiza Schrenk. Beak ending into teeth), ies anes. sa. ae 59. P. grandis M. Pop. . Corolla yellow, with violet veins on lip ...................000eeeeee Corolla yellow ‘throughout | 2.222... sasdaseens Soeise. aiken. - 15. . Root stout, vertical, branched .................... 68. P. flava Pall. Root reduced, fibers fusiform, thickened ....................... 76 . Leaves 2—3-pinnatisect; stem and leaves crispate-pilulose, grayish . EA PAPER ROR AL IC BAL AN RTs SER UL & 65. P. achilleifolia Steph. Stem and leaves long crispate-hairy, sometimes villous ........ ie . Calyx densely villous throughout; teeth dentate ................... sxayies Bb: ators byiesbatis sysnchs enerenctces Uomleforatn, wll Matt ata 66. P. talassica Vved. Calyx pubescent only at base, sometimes also along veins; teeth CeLALEE et © SEM ORES a IESE ee UES ne 67. P. krylovii Bonati. . Corolla pink or inka purple nnscbes elasbas corel maa hs 79. Corolla yellow, sometimes with purple beak, or white ......... 80. . Leaves pinnatisect; corolla tube crispate-hairy outside; corolla pink ew ee eG oN i: cl) hiaeaanll Se 47. P. elata Willd. Leaves 2—3-pinnatisect; corolla tube glabrous outside; corolla pink, with, purple, galeay). tensity. goles deel wee 61. P. fissa Turcz. Lateral calyx teeth connate for considerable length, appearing shorter;leal, axis: WinGed yy peticncmiere sernine ass een. i. bravia. » 81. Sinuses between calyx teeth equally deep, we thus appearing equal Lip ciliate; leaves with narrowly winged axis; capsule sub-symmetri- cal, oblong, about 10 mm long ............... 78. P. altaica Steph. 697 608 91. 924 Lip glabrous; capsule obliquely oblong or obliquely oblong-lanceo- late, extremely asymmetrical, 12-15 mm long .................. 82. . Leaf segments oblong-lanceolate; leaf axis narrow ................ SOS OE ARI CLA, 2, MORN JOST 79. P. mariae Rgl. Leaf segments oblong or ovate; leaf axis broad .................... sireaaners tae REY AON UR AE ng AR RTS, 80. P. schugnana B. Fedtsch. . Calyx teeth with chondroid tip ........... 70. P. acmodonta Boiss. Calyx teeth without chondroid tip .......... omen eatrtriey: oie 84. . Calyx finely reticulate ....... ee re lance coe acc 85. Calyx veins branched, but without reticulum .................. 86. . Leaves pubescent with long crispate hairs along axis and veins be- neath, also densely patently puberulent (pubuerulence sometimes ab- sent); middle bracts 3-partite, middle part much larger, cristate-lobed Sil RROD ones LMR. Bh. RADEON todd 69. P. kaufmannii Pinzger. Leaves glabrous above; middle bracts pinnatisect .................. Hie toeel- Ee Lele RE 99. Corolla 24-28 mm long, reddish purple, bright; erect teeth under galea distincthateuis Jy: oceiatk Ge. theta 92. P. langsdorfti Fisch. Corolla 12-16 mm long, dull pink; teeth under galea tip very minute, often scarcelyadiscemmible \ jase. hc tj) ee tae 93. P. hirsuta L. Bracts clearly distinguished from cauline leaves, much exceeding flowers; lower and middle bracts horizontally diverging or recurved; lateral calyx teeth spatulate, sharply toothed, equaling tube ....... Luni catalotns cmckegckel dee Ae ca aten ee 8 2 102. P. wilhelmsiana Fisch. Cauline leaves gradually transforming into erect bracts ....... 100. WR G60) EVA ENIGNTES (T S S es SE eae ree Neneemaiarcee or 101. Corolla dull pink, pinkish purple or dark purple .............. 103. . Plant 1-2 m tall; calyx not cleft in front ..... 96. P. exaltata Bess. Plant not taller than 1 m; calyx cleft in front ................. 102. . Calyx teeth very short, sometimes scarcely discernible ............ have mma ast Al Ame Re Oe rN 97. P. hacquetii Graff. Calyx teeth deltoid, sometimes sparsely dentate, 1/3 as long as tube eles nah ey eg ara ol (eee gage ROHN 98. P. condensata M.B. . Corolla dull pink; calyx 12-15 mm long, with lateral, spatulate, sharp-toothed lobes 2/3 as long as tube ...................00-ee eee Se ea ee oe IE EL eee ck aes eases: 101. P. balkharica E. Busch. Corolla pinkish purple or dark purple; calyx 6-10 mm long, with deltoid entire lobes, 1/3-1/2 as long as tube ................... 104. Corolla pinkish purple; calyx 6-8 mm long, teeth 1/3 as long as tube ibd ae shanS ase, ona a de 100. P. panjutinii E. Busch. Corolla dark purple; calyx 9-10 mm long; teeth 1/2 as long as tube ee Mee ate eee Stree canes 99. P. atripurpurea Nordm. 700 610 Section 1. Siphonantha Bge. in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III (1847-1849) 268. —Leaves alternate. Galea with long snout-shaped beak. Series 1. Longiflorae Vved.—Corolla tube very long, several times exceeding calyx. 1. P. longiflora Rudolph in Mém. Acad. Sc. Pétersb. IV (1811) 345, tab. 3; Bge. in Ldb. FI. Ross. III, 276; Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXIV, 2, 333; Maxim. in Mel. biol. XII, 796; Kryl. Fl. Sib. occ. X, 2499.—P. tubiflora Fisch. in Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. III (1812) 58. —Ic.: Rudolph, l.c. Perennial. Root short with clustered thickened fibers. Stem reduced, branched from base or simple, glabrous, shining, densely leafy, 3-5 cm tall. Radical leaves with glabrous shining petioles shorter than lamina; lam- ina glabrous, sublinear, with winged axis, narrowly sinuate-pinnatipartite into long semicircular, subobtuse or obtuse, crenate-dentate segments with chondroid teeth; cauline leaves with shorter, long crispate-ciliate petioles, somewhat reduced, gradually transforming into floral leaves. Flowers on long pedicels (up to 15 mm in lower flowers), singly in axils of upper crowded leaves. Calyx tubular-campanulate, 11-12 mm long, almost membranous, glabrous, half or more parted in front, 3-toothed, lateral teeth almost leaflike, 1/2 as long as tube, 3-partite; lobes spatu- late, acute, sharply toothed, posterior extremely reduced, deltoid, entire, acute. Corolla yellow with very long (4-8 cm), erect, narrowly cylindrical tube; tube crispate-hairy or subglabrous outside; galea reclinate, falcate, tapering into long, falcate or S-shaped beak almost equaling galea; lip broad, 3-lobed, densely ciliate, 12-14 mm long. Stamens with villous filaments. Capsule 10-17 mm long, obliquely lanceolate, narrowed at both ends, rather abruptly transformed into short beak. Flowering from July to August. Fruiting from August to September. In damp alpine and subalpine meadows.—Western Siberia: Altai Mountains; Eastern Siberia: Angara-Sayan, Dauria. General distribution: Mongolia, Tibet, Himalayas (?). Described from Lake Baikal. Type in Leningrad. Series 2. Rhinanthoideae Vved.—Corolla tube comparatively short, slightly exceeding calyx. 2. P. rhinanthoides Schrenk, Enum. pl. nov. 1 (1841) 22; Ldb. FI. Ross. III, 276; Maxim. in Mel. biol. XII, 786; Kryl. Fl. Sib. occ. X, 2500; Hook. Fl. Brit. Ind. IV, 314. —Jc.: Ann. Bot. Gard. Calcutta, III, tab. 1, f. B. Perennial. Plant glabrous. Stems 1-3, simple, erect or flexuous, as- cending at base, shining, slightly ribbed, 2-4 times as long as leaves, 10-25 cm tall. Radical leaves petiolate, linear-lanceolate, with winged 703 611 axis, pinnatipartite, lobes orbicular with acute chondroid teeth or pin- nately lobed, horizontally diverging, lobes chondroid-pointed, 1—2-toothed, cauline leaves alternate, short-petiolate, but similar, gradually transform- ing into bracts. Inflorescence capitate, 1-9 flowered. Bracts leaflike, with broad, short petioles. Calyx (up to 7 mm long in lower flowers) oblong- ovate, 5 x 13 mm, herbaceous, with 10 nerves, blackspotted, glabrous or with isolated hairs, almost 1/2 cleft in front, unequally 5-toothed, lateral teeth 3 mm long, spatulate, chondroid-pointed, chondroid-dentate, upper tooth subulate, 1/2 as long as others. Corolla pink 17-24 mm long, with narrow erect tube, galea bidentate in throat, dorsally angular, tapering into long, annular, finally S-shaped snoutlike beak; lip transversely oval, 8-9 x 14-17 mm, 3-lobed, middle lobe broadly obcordate, 3.5 x 6 mm. Filaments of two stamens pilose. Capsule obliquely oblong, about 2 cm long. Flowering from July to August. Fruiting from August to September. In damp meadows in upper mountain zone-—Soviet Central Asia: Dzh.-Tarbagatai, Tien Shan, Pamiro-Alai. General distribution: Mongolia, India-Himalayas. Described from Baskan River (Dzhungar Ala-Tau). Type in Leningrad. 3. P. peduncularis M. Pop. sp. n.—P. rhinanthoides vat. flaviflora Bonati in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, 61 (1914) 231.—P. rhinanthoides ssp. rotundata Vved. in Sched. in Herb. Fl. As. Med. VII (1925) No. 173. Perennial. Plant glabrous or with isolated crispate hairs. Stems several, simple, partially ascending, weak, sometimes almost decumbent, 10—20 cm tall. Radical leaves with long petioles equaling lamina; cauline leaves alternate, rarely opposite, short-petiolate; lamina linear- lanceolate or linear-oblong, pinnatisect into ovate or oblong, sharply chondroid-pointed close-set segments. Inflorescence many-flowered, racemose, lax with dis- tant lower flowers. Lower pedicels up to 2.5 cm long, obliquely erect. Bracts similar to cauline leaves, but smaller, subsessile. Calyx tubular, later slightly inflated, 9-13 mm long, with 5 prominent and 5 intermedi- ate, less prominent, branched veins; teeth 1/6—1/5 as long as tube, broad- ened above, chondroid-dentate, upper tooth similar to others, but reduced. Corolla white or cream with slender, erect 10-17 mm long tube; galea dor- sally rounded, tapering into long, annular, incurved beak, tooth in throat absent; lip 13 x 16 mm, 3-lobed, middle lobe larger than lateral lobes. Fil- aments of two stamens villous. Capsule 13-18 mm long. Flowering from June to August. Fruiting from July to September (Plate XXXVI, fig. 1). In damp meadows in upper mountain zone-—Soviet Central Asia: Tien Shan (west), Pamiro-Alai. Endemic. Described from upper reaches of Karatag River (Hissar Range). Type in Leningrad. Section 2. Cyclophyllum Bge. in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III (1847-1849) 268.—Leaves whorled, lower leaves sometimes opposite. 704 612 Series 1. Tenuirostres Vved—Root vertical. Beak long, equaling galea, with two obtuse teeth under throat. 4. P. tianschanica Rupr. in Mém. Acad. Sc. Pétersb. VII sér. XIV, 4 (1869) 63; Maxmim. in Mel. biol. XII, 811. Perennial. Root vertical, rather stout. Stems 1-several, simple, erect, slender, colored, glabrous below, long crispate-hairy above, especially un- der inflorescence, 20-30 cm tall. Radical leaves with glabrous petioles equaling lamina; lamina glabrous, with winged axis, linear-lanceolate, pinnatisect into oblong-lanceolate, spaced, chondroid-pointed, chondroid-. dentate segments; cauline leaves in 3-4 whorls (lower opposite), upper smaller, short-petiolate, uppermost leaves subsessile, villous at base. Flow- ers in few-flowered, dense, villous inflorescence, interrupted in lower part. Bracts slightly exceeding calyx, rhomboid, 3-lobed, middle lobe deltoid, serrate, lateral lobes linear, small, serrate, sometimes recurved. Calyx cam- panulate, membranous, with prominent, herbaceous, unbranched veins, vil- lous, 7-8 mm long, with deltoid, acute, serrate teeth almost equaling tube. Corolla yellow (?), 10-11 mm long, tube curved, almost equaling calyx; galea semiorbicular, with broad tooth in front, tapering into curved beak, beak equaling galea; lip very large, serrate, 3-lobed, 10-12 mm long. Filaments glabrous. Flowering in July. In juniper forests——Soviet Central Asia: Tien Shan (Valley of Arpa River), Pamiro-Alai (Alai Range). Endemic. Described from valley of Arpa River. Type in Leningrad. Series 2. Chamissonianae Vved.—Root vertical. Galea with compar- atively short (shorter than galea) beak. Leaf segments decurrent on axis. Capsule asymmetrical. 5. P. chamissonis Stev. in Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 6 (1823) 20, tab. 4, f. 1; Bge. in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 274; Maxim. in Mel. biol. XII, 858 (excl. fig.)—P. romanzovii Chamiss. ex. Spr. Syst. II (1825) 778.—Ic.: Stev. Lc. Perennial. Root vertical, branched. Stems single or 2-3, simple, erect, rather stout, glabrous, crispate-hairy under inflorescence and its axis, 20-40 cm tall. Radical leaves with petioles nearly equaling lam- ina; lamina glabrous, lanceolate-oblong in shape, pinnatisect into oblong, pinnately lobed segments decurrent on axis, giving it winged appear- ance; lower segments somewhat distant, upper overlapping; lobes of segments obtuse, serrate, usually chondroid; cauline leaves in 3-5 whorls, reducing upward, gradually transforming into bracts, short-petiolate, with subobtuse, less serrated lobes of segments. Flowers in capitate or ob- long inflorescence, usually interrupted in lower part. Lowermost bracts leaflike, middle linear-lanceolate, chondroid-serrate at tip, crispate-ciliate 705, 613 in lower part, shorter than flowers. Calyx campanulate, membranous, with herbaceous veins, glabrous, 7-8 mm long, with deltoid, entire, acute, crispate-ciliolate teeth, several times shorter than tube. Corolla pink, 18-20 mm long, tube curved in calyx throat almost at right angle, 2 times as long as galea; galea somewhat recurved, tapering into rather long, pro- jecting beak; lip large, 3-lobed, ciliate, slightly exceeding galea. Filaments glabrous. Capsule 10-12 mm long, obliquely oblong, almost semiorbicular, abruptly ending into unilateral; short, erect or diverging beak. Flowering from July to August. Fruiting from August to September (Plate XXXIX, fig. 1). In alpine and subalpine meadows. Soviet Far East: Kamchatka, Commander Islands, Sakhalin, Kuril Islands. General distribution: Aleutian Islands, northern Japan. Described from Unalaska. Cotype in Leningrad. Series 3. Crassirostres Vved.—Root vertical, comparatively slender. Galea with comparatively short (shorter than galea) beak. Leaf segments distant, not decurrent on axis. Capsule asymmetrical. 6. P. crassirostris Bge. in Bull. Sc. Acad. Pétersb. VIII (1841) 248; Bge. in Ldb. Fl. Ross. Ill, 975; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 488; Maxim. in Mel. biol. XII, 863, f. 89; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. Il, 402—P. armena Bge. in Mém. Acad. Sc. Pétersb. VI sér. VII (1858) 594—? P. araratica Bge. l.c.—P. crassirostris var. araratica Krause in Verh. bot. Ver. Brandenb. 55 (1913) 32 (nomen nudum).—lIc.: Maxim. l.c. Perennial. Root vertical, comparatively slender, branched. Stems usu- ally several, simple, erect or often ascending at base, colored, shining, with 4 crispate-hairy lines, (3)5-10(20) cm tall. Radical leaves with crispate- hairy petioles nearly as long as lamina; lamina glabrous, pinnatisect, with spaced, oblong, coarsely pinnatilobate segments, lobes of segments with short mucro or tooth; cauline leaves in 2-3(4) whorls, lower sometimes opposite, with shorter petioles, upper leaves often sessile, reduced, oth- erwise similar. Flowers on short pedicels, in few-flowered, capitate, or often somewhat elongated inflorescence, interrupted in lower part. Low- ermost bracts sometimes leaflike, middle deltoid, deeply pinnatipartite, with dentate lobes, somewhat densely long, crispate-hairy. Calyx narrowly campanulate, with slightly oblique throat, with herbaceous veins, densely long crispate-hairy, with linear-deltoid, acute, entire or dentate teeth, 2/3 as long as tube. Corolla purple, 12-20 mm long, tube curved, sometimes almost at right angle, above calyx throat; galea straight or slightly curved, gradually tapering in front or somewhat erect, with obliquely truncate beak usually exceeding cross-section of galea; lip large, 3-lobed, usually equaling galea, S-9 mm long. Stamens with glabrous filaments. Capsule 614 OS > 7 Te Wh Te ere a ~y ty TARR * Pratic & ¥ \/ S ): Os Bes Fe . = } ua fk SANE 3 i A x ee ‘ S z Pe ‘ Te aE yn: Pe Og BV Poe FP Se Sas y > oS > b 2 (— ae = = ae ‘ THe = R = ¢ "ae 706 615 obliquely lanceolate, or obliquely oblong-lanceolate, 14-18 mm long. Flowering from July to August. Fruiting from August to September. In subalpine and alpine meadows.—Caucasus: Ciscaucasia, Dagestan, western, eastern and southern Transcaucasia. General distribution: Asia Minor. Described from vicinity of Chkmeri. Type in Leningrad. Note. Polymorphic species, deserving further study. Refer also to note on P. subrostrata. Series 3. Amoenae Vved.—Root reduced, fascicular. Galea without beak. Corolla tube curved below middle. Anthers connivent. 7. P. macrochila Vved. in HFAM, VII (1925) No. 172.—P. amoena var. elatior Rgl. in AHP, 6 (1880) 348.—P. amoena (non Adams) Maxim. in Mel. biol. XII, f. 115.—P. hulteniana Li in Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philad. C. (1948) 310; f. 40—P. verticillata auct. fl. As. Med.—Ic.: Maxim. l.c.—Exs.: HFAM, No. 172; Pavlov and Lipschitz, No. 191. Perennial. Root short, with funiform, scarcely thickened fibers. Stems (1)4—6, simple, erect or partially ascending, slightly angular, glabrous throughout or with 4 indistinct, hairy lines, shining, 25-50 cm tall. Rad- ical leaves often absent, 1/4-1/3 as long as stem, glabrous throughout, long-petiolate, lanceolate, pinnatisect; segments distant, linear-lanceolate, with acute, chondroid, coarse teeth, teeth repeatedly denticulate; cauline leaves in 2-4 whorls (lower leaves often opposite), with larger lamina, shorter petioles, otherwise similar. Inflorescence dense, often interrupted at base, more lax in fruit. Lower and middle bracts longer than flowers, similar to cauline leaves, but reduced, middle bracts slightly broadened and covered with long crispate hairs at base; upper bracts crispate-hairy, deltoid, nearly equaling flowers, 3-partite, middle part linear-lanceolate, pinnatisect, with chondroid-dentate segments, lateral segments extremely reduced, linear, chondroid-dentate; uppermost bracts similar, but reduced and less dissected. Calyx subsessile, campanulate, 7-8 mm long, often purple, with linear, entire, chondroid-pointed, crispate-hairy teeth, slightly shorter than tube. Corolla pinkish violet, 18-20 mm long; tube curved in calyx throat; galea suberéct, slightly dorsally inflated, 1/2-2/3 as long as lip; lip broad (8-10 x 14-16 mm), 3-lobed; middle lobe orbicular, 4—5 mm broad. Filaments of two stamens villous. Capsule 8-12 mm long, obliquely oblong, gradually tapering into beak. Flowering from May to July. Fruiting from June to August. i ss Be Plate XXXV. 1. Pedicularis hirsuta L., General appearance of plant, leaf, flower, 2. P. korolkovii Rgl., general appearance of plant, leaf, flower, capsule.—3. P. pallasii Vved., general appearance of plant, flower, leaf—4. P. amoena Adams, leaf.—5. P. eriophora Turcz., leaf. 707 616 On grassy slopes in middle mountain zone. Soviet Central Asia: Dzh.-Tarbagatai, Tien Shan, Pamiro-Alai (Alai Range). General distribu- tion: Kuldzha. Described from Taldybulak (Kirgizsk Ala-Tau). Type in Tashkent. 8. P. arguteserrata Vved. sp. nov. in Addenda XXI, 809. Perennial. Root reduced, with funiform fibers. Stems often several, simple, erect, shining, with 4 hairy lines, 10-30 cm tall. Radical leaves (sometimes absent) long-petiolate, 1/3—-1/2 as long as stem, with isolated crispate hairs, lanceolate, pinnatisect; segments distant, linear-lanceolate or sublinear, acute, serrulate or sometimes subentire; cauline leaves in 2-3 whorls, lower leaves sometimes opposite, short-petiolate or sessile, other- wise similar. inflorescence dense, interrupted in lower part. Lower bracts leaflike, longer than flowers, middle and upper bracts shorter, broadened and crispate-hairy at base, deltoid, 3-partite, lobes regularly serrate, mid- dle lobe repeatedly 3-partite. Calyx on very short pedicel, campanulate, 6-7 mm long, often violet, membranous and crispate-hairy above; teeth with deltoid base, linear, acute, slightly shorter than tube. Corolla pinkish violet, 17-18 mm long; tube curved in calyx throat, with suberect galea slightly shorter than lip; lip broadly 3-lobed, 7-8 mm long. Filaments of two stamens pilose. Capsule broad, obliquely oblong, abruptly trans- formed into short, straight, almost erect beak. Flowering in July. Fruiting in August. Meadows and open forests —European USSR: Ural Mountains; West- ern Siberia: Altai Mountains; Eastern Siberia: Angara-Sayan. General dis- tribution: Mongolia. Described from vicinity of Manskoe Lake (of Sayan). Type in Leningrad. Note. There are few Ural plants in herbaria; and they require further study. 9. P. korolkovii Rgl. in Trud. Peterb. bot. sada, 6 (1880) 349.—Exs.: HFAM, No. 170 (sub. P. amoena). Perennial. Root short, with long, fusiform fibers. Stems several, simple, erect or ascending at base, shining, with 4 hairy lines, 2-3 times as long as radical leaves, scaly at base, 10-20 cm tall. Radical leaves with shining, glabrous or diffusely crispate- hairy petioles; lamina linear-lanceolate, glabrous or with scattered, isolated, crispate hairs, pinnatipartite, lobes linear or lanceolate, sharply pinnatifid, decurrent; cauline leaves in 1(2) whorls, sessile or subsessile, otherwise similar. Inflorescence dense, lower whorl distant. Lower bracts leaflike, deeply pinnatifid, with sharply dentate lobes, somewhat crispate-pubescent, middle bracts ovate or lanceolate, crispate-villous, 2-3-lobed, with obscurely dentate lobes, lowermost bracts linear, entire. 708 617 Calyx campanulate, 6-8 mm long, on short pedicel, membranous, with 10 villous veins, unequally 5-toothed, lateral teeth deltoid, herbaceous only at tip, chondroid-serrate, 1/2 as long as tube; upper tooth membranous, broadly deltoid, all teeth subobtuse, crispate-villous along margin. Corolla 15-17 mm long, pinkish violet, markedly curved above calyx throat; galea slightly curved, rounded, extremely broadened toward base; lip 3-lobed, equaling or scarcely exceeding galea, 9-11 mm broad, with ovate middle lobe. Filaments of two stamens with isolated hairs. Capsule 12-15 mm long, obliquely oblong or obliquely oblong- lanceolate, gradually tapering into 12-15 mm long beak. Flowering from June to September. Fruiting from August to September (Plate XXXV, fig. 2). Meadows in high-altitude zone—Soviet Central Asia: Tien Shan (west). Described from Onaulgan (Talas Ala-Tau). Type in Leningrad. Note. This species is remarkably close to P. amoena Adams, from which it is distinguished by more thickened roots, a corolla lip slightly shorter than the galea, somewhat different leaf segmentation, similar to that in P. macrochila m., and a larger capsule gradually tapering into a usually straight beak. It is also close to P. violascens Schrenk, from which it is distinguished by a longer lip and the absence of the vio- let pubescence of inflorescence remarkably characteristic of this species. Where it comes in contact with P. violascens, P. korolkovii, evidently hybridizes. 10. P. eriophora Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXIV, 2 (1851) 333 in adn.; Hulten in Kungl. Sven. Vet. Hand. VIII, 2, IIL, tab. 5. f. d, e,f—P. amoena auct. fl. kamtsch—TIc.: Hulten, l.c. Perennial. Root reduced, with funiform fibers, Stems usually sev- eral, simple, erect or ascending at base, often violet, shining, with 4 crispate-pubescent or crispate-hairy lines, 5—20 cm tall. Radical leaves long-petiolate, 1/3-1/2 as long as stem, crispate-hairy or often sub- glabrous, linear-lanceolate, pinnatisect, with very distant, obversely ob- long or oblanceolate, patently crenate segments; cauline leaves in 1—2 whorls, short-petiolate, otherwise similar. Inflorescence dense, interrupted in lower part, sometimes densely crispate-hairy. Lowermost bracts often leaflike, exceeding flowers, middle and upper bracts shorter than flowers, deltoid, broadened, and crispate-hairy, sometimes densely so at base, pinnatipartite into patently sharp-lobed or dentate lobes. Calyx on short pedicel, campanulate, 8-9 mm long, subglabrous or densely crispate-hairy, teeth linear with deltoid base, very acute, entire or serrate, at least 2/3 as long as tube. Corolla pinkish violet, 16-20 mm long, tube curved in calyx throat, galea falcate, lip broad, 3-lobed, slightly exceeding galea, 7-8 mm long. Stamens with glabrous filaments. Capsule 10-12 mm long, 709 618 obliquely oblong, falcate at tip, abruptly ending into short beak. Flow- ering from June to August. Fruiting from July to August (Plate XXXV, figeD): In alpine meadows, on stony slopes.—Soviet Far East: Kamchatka, Okhotsk. Endemic. Described from Kamchatka. Type in Leningrad. Note. The geographical boundary between P. eriophora and P. amoena is not clear at present, due to the scarcity of material from the eastern part of the Lena-Kolyma Region. 11. P. amoena Adams ex Stev. in Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. VI (1823) 25, tab. 7; Bge. in Ldb. Fl. Ross. Il, 271; Turcz, in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXIV, 2, 332; Maxim. in Mél. biol. XII, 878 (excl. fig.); Kryl. FI. Zap. Sib. X, 2497.—P. arctica M.B. ex Stev. 1.c.—Ic.: Stev. l.c. Perennial. Root reduced, with funiform fibers. Stems 1—4(12), sim- ple, erect, or often ascending at base, with 4 crispate-pubescent lines, and often crispate-pubescent throughout, especially in lower part, 5-15 cm tall. Radical leaves long-petiolate, 1/2 as long as stem, diffusely crispate- hairy or subglabrous, linear-lanceolate, pinnatisect, with distant lance- olate or linear-lanceolate segments with sharply toothed lobes; cauline leaves in 1—2 whorls, short-petiolate, otherwise similar. Inflorescence cap- itate, sometimes slightly interrupted in lower part. Lowermost bracts often leaflike and exceeding flowers, middle and upper bracts shorter, deltoid, almost palmately pinnatipartite, with linear, sparsely toothed or suben- tire lobes, often violet, long crispate-ciliate. Calyx on very short pedicel, campanulate, membranous, often violet, 6-8 mm long, subglabrous, teeth narrowly deltoid or linear with deltoid base, very acute, entire or sparsely denticulate, 2/3 as long as tube. Corolla pinkish violet, 15—20-mm long, tube curved in calyx throat; galea slightly falcate; lip very broad, 3-lobed, at least 2/3 as long as galea, 8-10 mm long. Stamens with glabrous fil- aments or two of them long, diffusely hairy. Capsule 8-12 mm long, obliquely ovate or oblong-ovate, sometimes slightly curved at tip, abruptly ending into short beak. Flowering from June to August. Fruiting from July to August (Plate XXXV, fig. 4). In lichen tundra, on stony slopes in alpine zone.—Arctic Region: Arc- tic Europe (Bolshezemelskaya tundra), Arctic Siberia, Chukotka, Anadyr; Western Siberia: Altai Mountains; Eastern Siberia: Lena-Kolyma, Angara- Sayan, Dauria; Soviet Far East: Okhotsk (?); Soviet Central Asia: Dzh.- Tarbagatai (Saur). General distribution: Mongolia. Described from mouth of Lena River. Type in Leningrad. 12. P. violascens Schrenk, Enum. pl. nov. II (1842) 22; Bge. in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 270; Maxim. in Mel. biol. XII, 883, f. 112 (excl. P. korolkowi 710 Regl.); Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2496.—P. amoena var. violascens Rgl. in 711 619 Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XLI, 1 (1868) 108.—P. socalsku Bonati in Bull. Soc. Bot. Genéve, II sér. 5 (1913) 315, f. 13, 2.—Tc.: Maxim. l.c.; Bonati, Wer Perennial. Root short, with funiform, often thickened fibers. Stems 1-3, simple, erect or ascending at base, lustrous, covered with scattered crispate hairs, sometimes forming 4 obscure lines, 2-3 times as long as radical leaves, scaly at base, (5)10—20 cm tall. Radical leaves peti- olate, covered with scattered crispate hairs, lanceolate, glabrous above, crispate-hairy beneath along veins, pinnatipartite, with winged axis, seg- ments oblong-lanceolate, pinnately lobed, subobtuse, chondroid-margined, their lobes with chondroid edge and reflexed teeth; cauline leaves in 1-2 whorls, subsessile, villous at base, reduced, otherwise similar. Inflores- cence elongated, usually interrupted in lower part, somewhat villous with slightly violet crispate hairs. Lower bracts exceeding calyx, deltoid with broad base, with middle part elongated, cristate-lobed, involute along mar- gin, lateral parts dentate, with involute margin, upper bracts reduced, al- most equaling calyx, with dentate lobes involute along margin; all bracts with subobtuse chondroid-tipped lobes, violet-villous. Calyx subsessile, 9-10 mm long, campanulate, membranous, violet, with 10 veins villous with long crispate hairs, unequally 5-toothed, with lateral teeth 2-5 mm long, deltoid-linear, subobtuse or subacute, entire, upper tooth at least 1/2 as long, deltoid, entire, all teeth with long crispate hairs along margin. Corolla pinkish violet, 16-18 mm long, tube curved in calyx; galea re- curved, broad, rounded along back and above, concave in front, longer than lip; lip paler in color (7), 3-lobed, 6 x 9 mm, serrate, reniform, mid- dle lobe constricted from broad base, orbicular. Filaments of two sta- mens with isolated hairs. Capsule oblong-lanceolate, sometimes swordlike curved, 13—15(20) mm long. Flowering from July to August; fruiting from August to September. On stony slopes in upper mountain zone.—Western Siberia: Altai Mountains (7); Soviet Central Asia: Dzh.-Tarbagatai, Tien Shan, Pamiro- Alai (eastern part). General distribution: Mongolia, Dzh.-Kashgar. De- scribed from Dzhabyk Summit (Dzhungar Ala-Tau). Type in Leningrad. Note. Examination of the many cotypes of P. socalskii Bonati in the herbarium of Bot. Inst. Akad. SSSR showed that it is P. violascens Schrenk, which is common in the Trans-Ili Ala-Tau. Due to the faulty drying of the plants, Bonati incorrectly ascribed yellow flowers to his species. In arly case, one of the labels of the cotypes contains the postscript “flowers, similar to Isopyr [um] grandif [lorum]”, i.e., they were light lilac. Series 4. Caucasicae Vved.—Root vertical, comparatively slender. Galea without or with very short beak. Corolla tube abruptly curved from middle or slightly above, or smoothly falcate; lip nearly equaling galea. 712 620 13. P. subrostrata C.A.M. Verz. Pflanz. Cauc. Casp. Meer. (1831) 108; Bge. in Ldb. FI. Ross. II, 272; Boiss. Fl. or. 1V, 488; Maxim. in Mél. biol. XII, 873, f. 98; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 402.—Ic.: Maxim. 1.c.—Exs.: GRF, No. 1177. Perennial. Root vertical, comparatively slender, branched. Stems single or often several, erect or often ascending, slender, colored, shining, with 2-4 crispate-hairy lines, 5-10 cm tall. Radical leaves usually numerous, petioles with long crispate hairs, nearly equaling lamina; lamina glabrous, linear-lanceolate, pinnatisect into oblong-lanceolate, slightly spaced, subacute or subobtuse, pinnately lobed segments, with acute or subobtuse lobes; cauline leaves in 1—2 whorls, short-petiolate or sessile, long crispate-ciliate at base, otherwise similar. Flowers in few-flowered, capitate or oblong inflorescence, lower flowers sometimes somewhat distant. Bracts shorter than flowers, densely crispate-hairy mainly at base, obovate or rhombic, deeply pinnately lobed (middle bracts 3-lobed or all entire, ovate), lobes of lower bracts dentate, of upper bracts subentire. Calyx campanulate, 6-8 mm long, densely crispate-hairy, teeth narrowly 3-lobed, entire, acute, 1/2-2/3 as long as tube. Corolla pink, 15-16 mm long, tube curved at right angle slightly above middle, a little above calyx throat; galea almost straight, somewhat reclinate, tapering above into very short, projecting, obliquely truncated, consequently bidentate beak; lip rather large, 3-lobed, nearly equaling galea. Stamen with glabrous filaments. Capsule obliquely oblong, 10-12 mm long. Flowering from June to August. Fruiting from August to September. In alpine meadows.—Caucasus: Ciscaucasia, eastern Transcaucasia (western part). Endemic. Described from alpine region of western Trans- caucasia (western part of Main Range). Type in Leningrad. Note. Possibly, it is a recent hybrid between P. pontica and P. cras- sirostris, as shown by many of its intermediate features and by its occur- rence with these species. Relevant observations in their populations are necessary. Possibly, P. araratica, which distinguished from P. subrostrata mainly by a less curved corolla tube is also this species. 14. P. pontica Boiss. Fl. or. TV (1879) 485 (quoad specim. Balansae); Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 403.—P. caucasica auct. fl. cauc. p.p. Perennial. Root fusiform, comparatively slender, branched. Stem 5-10 cm tall, generally single, rarely up to 3, simple, erect or ascending at base, slender, colored, shining, with 4 crispate-hairy lines, sometimes almost villous under inflorescence. Radical leaves with long crispate hairy petioles, approximately equaling lamina; lamina glabrous or crispate-hairy along axis, lanceolate, pinnatisect into oblong, slightly spaced, subobtuse, deeply pinnatilobate segments, their lobes subobtuse, sometimes with 713 621 tooth; cauline leaves in (1)2 whorls, with shorter petioles, upper leaves sometimes acute, with broader axis, sometimes bractlike, otherwise similar. Flowers in few-flowered, capitate or oblong, almost arachnoid- villous inflorescence. Bracts ovate at base, somewhat tapering above, crispate-hairy mainly at base, shorter than flowers, lowermost bracts lobed, middle entire. Calyx campanulate, 8-9 mm long, densely long crispate- hairy, teeth sublinear, very sharp, serrate or entire, slightly shorter than tube. Corolla pink, 16-18 mm long, tube curved at right angle near middle, slightly above calyx throat; galea slightly reclinate, seemingly truncate at tip, tooth scarcely discernible as a result; lip large, 3-lobed, equaling galea, 6-7 mm long. Stamens with glabrous filaments. Capsule obliquely oblong-lanceolate, about 1 cm long. Flowering from June to August. In alpine meadows, on debris and stony slopes in upper-mountain zone.—Caucasus: Ciscaucasia, western Transcaucasia (northern part). General distribution: Asia Minor. Described from several places in north- eastern regions of Asia Minor. 15. P. caucasica M.B. FI. taur.-cauc. II (1808) 72; Bge. in Ldb. FI. Ross. III, 272; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 483; Maxim. in Mél. biol. XII, 894; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 403 (excl. syn. P. burgaei).—P. nudicaulis C. Koch in Linnaea, XVII (1843) 289.—P. armena Boiss. and Huet, Diagn. pl. or. nov. II, 3 (1856) 175; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 403.—Ic.: Stev. in Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. VI, tab. 8 (mala).—Exs.: Herb. Fl. Cauc. No. 590. Perennial. Root vertical, slender, with comparatively thick branches. Stems usually single or rarely 2—3, simple, erect, usually thickset, with 4 usually crispate-hairy lines, 5—10(15) cm tall. Radical leaves with petioles approximately equaling lamina, crispate-hairy along petiole and axis; lamina linear-lanceolate (lowermost sometimes with broad axis), with oblong, short-pointed, deeply pinnately lobed segments, lobes short- pointed, sometimes with tooth; cauline leaves in 1-2 whorls, short- petiolate or sessile, covered, especially at base, with long crispate hairs, otherwise similar; upper leaves sometimes bractlike. Flowers (lowermost sometimes on 5 mm long pedicels) in capitate or oblong inflorescence, often interrupted at base. Bracts shorter than flowers, somewhat densely crispate-hairy or subglabrous, with oblong-ovate or ovate base, tapering above, serrated at tip. Calyx campanulate, 9-11 mm long, somewhat densely crispate-hairy or subglabrous, with deltoid- linear, very sharp, entire or serrate teeth, slightly shorter than, or often 2/3 as long as tube. Corolla yellowishwhite, sometimes pink along galea or rarely pink throughout, 17-20 mm long; tube smoothly falcate; galea straight, reclinate, straight in front, tip rounded in front, without tooth; lip larger, 3-lobed, equaling galea, 6-7 mm _ long. 714 622 Filaments of two stamens pilose. Capsule obliquely oblong-lanceolate, 8-12 mm long. Flowering from June to July. Fruiting from July to August. In alpine meadows and on stony slopes in upper-mountain zone.—Caucasus: Ciscaucasia, Dagestan, western, southern and eastern Transcaucasia. General distribution: Armenia-Kurdistan. Described from alpine region of eastern Caucasus and Georgia. Series 5. Cheilanthifoliae Vved.—Root reduced, fasciculate. Galea with short beak; corolla tube curved much below middle; lip 2/3 as long as galea. 16. P. cheilanthifolia Schrenk in Bull. phys.-math. Acad. Pétersb. I (1842) 79; Enum. pl. nov. II, 19; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 273; Maxim. in Mel. biol. XII, 864.—P. cheilanthifolia var. variegata Rupr. in Mem. Acad. Sc. Pétersb. VII sér. XIV, 4 (1869) 63.—Ic.: Prain in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calcutta, 3, tab. 32, f. A, B. Perennial. Root with closely clustered branches, fibers almost funiform. Stems single-several, ascending, slender, shining, with 4 crispate- pubescent lines, scaly at base, 2 times as long as radical leaves, 5-15 cm tall. Radical leaves numerous, petiolate, sublinear, glabrous above, with short scattered hairs beneath, pinnatipartite, lobes ovate, involute along margin, sharply chondroid-dentate, connivent at leaf end; cauline leaves in whorl of 4, with shorter, more densely pubescent petioles, slightly reduced, otherwise similar. Inflorescence capitate, usually few-flowered. Bracts crispate-hairy along margin and back, 1.5—2 times as long as calyx, broad, almost scarious at base, palmately parted, middle lobe elongated, pinnatipartite into chondroid-pointed lobes with sharply chondroid teeth; lateral teeth sharply chondroid, all involute along margin. Calyx tubular-campanulate, membranous, 9-12 mm long, on short pedicel, with 5 thick and 5 thin crispate-hairy veins, without reticulum, unequally 5- toothed; lateral teeth deltoid, about 2 mm long, chondroid- pointed, with sharply chondroid teeth, involute along margin, upper tooth deltoid, entire. Corolla 20-25 mm long, bent in calyx tube; galea short- beaked, falcate, purple, 1.5 times as long as lip, corolla sometimes white; lip 6.5—7 x 12-13 mm, deeply 3-lobed, base abruptly broadened, with reduced lateral lobes; middle lobe constricted from broad base, ovate. Stamens with glabrous filaments. Capsule obliquely oblong- lanceolate, 12-17 mm long. Flowering from July to August. Fruiting from August to September. Along rubbly and clayey slopes in upper-mountain zone.—Soviet Cen- tral Asia: Dzh.-Tarbagatai, Tien Shan, Pamiro-Alai. General distribution: Dzh.-Kashgar. India-Himalayas. Described from Iskuli Mountain (Dzhun- gar Ala-Tau). Type in Leningrad. 715 623 Series 6. Verticillatae Vved.—Root vertical, weak. Galea without beak; corolla tube curved much below middle. Anthers spaced in pairs. 17. P. verticillata L. Sp. pl. (1753) 608; Bge. in Ldb. FI. Ross. II, 270; Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXIV, 2, 330; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2495; Maxim. in Mél. biol. XII, 158, f. 123.—P. stevenii Bge. in Ldb. Fl. Alt. Il (1829) 427.—Ic.: Rchb. Ic. fl. germ. tab. 1762.—Exs.: Pl. Finl. exs. No. 938; Fl. gall. and germ. exs. No. 433. - Perennial. Root vertical, weak, branched. Stems usually several, sim- ple, erect or ascending at base, with 4 somewhat distinct crispate-hairy lines, (5)10—15(30) cm tall. Radical. leaves with crispate-hairy petioles- slightly exceeding lamina; lamina somewhat reduced compared with lower cauline leaves, with long crispate hairs or subglabrous, linear-lanceolate, pinnatisect into broadly oblong or suborbicular, large-toothed, intensely chondroid-margined segments; cauline leaves in (1)2(3) whorls, lower sometimes opposite, with shorter petioles, upper often sessile, reduced upward, otherwise similar. Flowers short-pedicellate; inflorescence capi- tate, elongated, often interrupted in lower part in fruit. Lowermost bracts leaflike, middle lanceolate, crispate-ciliate (sometimes only in lower part), pinnately lobed or with intensely chondroid-margined teeth, shorter than flowers. Calyx 5-7 mm long, slightly inflated, membranous, with herba- ceous, crispate-hairy veins, slightly enlarged in fruit, intensely laciniated in front, with acute deltoid, entire or dentate teeth 1/3 as long as tube. Corolla purple, 14—20 mm long; tube curved almost at right angle, smoothly broad- ened at throat, galea reclinate, slightly falcate, without beak; lip large, 3- lobed, slightly exceeding galea, 6-8 mm long. Stamens usually spaced (by width of anther) in pairs; filaments of two stamens pilose. Capsule with soft valves, subsymmetrical, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acute, unilat- erally dehiscent, 10-15 mm long. Flowering from June to July. Fruiting from July to August. In mossy and lichen tundra, in mountains along banks of rivers and rivulets in middle zone and in meadows and on stony slopes in upper zone.—Arctic Region: Arctic Europe, Arctic Siberia, Chukotka, Anadyr; European USSR: Karelia-Lapland, Dvina-Pechora, Upper Dniester, Ural Mountains; Western Siberia: Altai Mountains; Eastern Siberia: Lena- Kolyma, Angara-Sayan, Dauria; Soviet Far East: Kamchatka, Okhotsk, Zeya-Bureya, Uda Region, Ussuri, Sakhalin (Kurils?). General distri- bution: Central and Southern Europe. Alaska, Mongolia, Japan, China. Described from Siberia, Switzerland and Austria. Series 7. Interruptae Vved.—Root vertical, stout. Galea with short beak; corolla tube curved in middle, lip 1/2—2/3 as long as galea. Capsule symmetrical. 624 18. P. interrupta Steph. ex. Willd. Sp. pl. III (1800) 214; Bge. in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 269. Maxim. in Mél. biol. XII, 871, f. 100; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2494.—Ie. Ldb. Ic. pl. fl. Ross. tab. 434. Perennial. Root vertical, stout, branched. Stems single or few, simple, erect, hard, glabrous, or pubescent above and on inflorescence, distinctly 4-angled in inflorescence, 10—20 cm tall. Radical leaves apparently absent, cauline in 3-5 whorls, lower leaves sometimes opposite, reduced upward and somewhat gradually transformed into bracts, glabrous; lower leaves short-petiolate, upper subsessile, lanceolate, pinnatisect; segments lance- 716 olate, spaced, chondroid-pointed, chondroid-lobed or chondroid-dentate, decurrent on axis, latter as a result appearing winged and sometimes den- tate. Inflorescence elongated (up to 20 cm), interrupted, somewhat dense only at tip. Middle bracts coriaceous, rhombic-elliptical at base, tapering into chondroid-dentate tip, glabrous, long crispate-hairy only in middle, much shorter than flowers. Calyx coriaceous, campanulate, 10-12 mm long, glabrous or densely long crispate-hairy above, with deltoid, acute, entire or (in lower flowers) sharply chondroid-dentate teeth, 1/3—1/2 as long as tube. Corolla pale yellow, almost white, 22-26 mm long tube somewhat curved above calyx throat, galea somewhat falcate in upper half, somewhat shorter than tube, with short beak, sometimes ending below into two very small teeth; lip 3-lobed, small, 2/3 as long as galea, middle lobe concave. Stamens with glabrous filaments, or two longer filaments pilose. Capsule 10-15 mm long, subsymmetrical, oblong-lanceolate, gradually tapering into slightly curved beak. Flowering in June. Fruiting in July. In stony and sandy steppes; sporadic.—Western Siberia: Irtysh (south- eastern part); Soviet Central Asia: Balkhash Region. Endemic. Described from Siberia. Isotype in Leningrad. 19. P. platyrrhyncha Schrenk in Bull. phys.-math. Acad. Sc. Pétersb. I (1842) 79; Bge. in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 269; Maxim. in Mél. biol. XII, 871, f. 99.—Ic.: Maxim. l.c. Perennial. Root stout, vertical. Stems 2, simple, erect, densely pubescent, densely Jong crispate-hairy under and on inflorescence, 13-15 cm tall. Radical leaves apparently rudimentary, cauline in 4 whorls, reduced upward, gradually transforming into bracts, lanceolate, rather long-petiolate, upper leaves sessile, glabrous, lanceolate, pinnatisect; segments spaced, oblong (in lower leaves) and lanceolate (in upper leaves), somewhat decurrent on axis, shortly chondroid-pointed, chondroid-lobed or chondroid-dentate. Inflorescence elongated (apparently about 10 cm long), interrupted. Bracts much shorter than flowers, long crispate-hairy at base and along margin, lower bracts lobed, upper ovate at base, tapering into dentate tip. Calyx coriaceous, campanulate, about 10 mm 719 long, long crispate-hairy; teeth dentate, about 1/2 as long as tube. Corolla 720 625 yellowish (?), about 20 mm long; tube slightly curved above calyx throat; galea falcate in upper half, ending into truncate beak and two small teeth, approximately as long as broad; lip 3-lobed, small, 1/2 as long as galea. Filaments of two stamens pilose. Capsule 10-12 mm long, subsymmetrical, oblong-lanceolate, gradually tapering into slightly curved beak. Collected once by Schrenk, without indication of the exact place and date of collection. This information is absent also in the initial descrip- tion of the species. The label of the type says only “749, Pedicularis platyrrhyncha Schr. Songarel. Schrenk”. Note. P. platyrrhyncha is very close to P. interrupta and is distin- guished from it by the most insignificant features, the constancy of which, moreover, could not be verified due to inadequate material. In 1926, Abolin collected plants extremely similar to this species in Buamskoe Ravine (Central bridge. Gypsiferous multicolored sands). How- ever, it is impossible to decide on the basis of available material whether it belongs to this species or to the other, also extremely similar species, P. chorgossica Rgl. and Winkl. [Tr. Peterb. bot. sada 6 (1880) 350] known so far from Kuldzha. In the original description of P. chorgossica, Regel and Winkler omit the color of its flowers. On one of the isotypes, however, Albert Regel himself from whose collections this species was described, had written “fl. lilacinocoeruleis v. rubris”. This, however, is not field entry, but is made later on the herbarium label. Some of the authentic specimens, even in the dried conditions, raise doubts about correctness of Regel’s entry. Schrenk indicates white flowers for P. platyrrhyncha, while Bunge indicates whitish yellow (‘albido-straminea’) ones. The growing conditions of P. platyrrhyncha and P. chorgossica are not clear. Fresh collections are needed in order to clarify this question. It is very possible that Schrenk collected his species in the multicolored sands of the Chuili- isk Mountains, which he reached. The collections of Schrenk, Regel and Abolin belong to one species, close to P. interrupta, but quite distinct from it. Series 8. Pycnanthae Vved—Root vertical, stout. Leaf segments de- current on axis. Galea without beak or with rudimentary beak. Corolla tube curved usually above middle. Capsule symmetrical. 20. P. pycnantha Boiss. Diagn. pl. or. nov. I, 12 (1853) 45; FI. or. IV, 484; Maxim. in Mél. biol. XII, 895, f. 127 (excl. syn. P. olgae and spec. himal.).—Jc.: Maxim. l.c. Perennial. Root vertical, hard, branched. Stems 1-several, simple, erect or often ascending or partially ascending, finely long crispate- hairy, sometimes almost villous, (3)5—10(15) cm tall. Radical leaves with petiole several times shorter than lamina; lamina finely long, 627 crispate-hairy, sometimes almost villous, lanceolate, tapering above, pinnatisect; segments lanceolate, tapering above, incise-lobed, chondroid- pointed, decurrent on axis, latter as a result incise-dentate; lobes of segments often chondroid-dentate, chondroid-pointed; cauline leaves in 2-3 whorls, lower often opposite, short-petiolate, upper sessile, otherwise similar. Lower flowers short-pedicellate, in very dense, usually somewhat elongated, many-flowered inflorescence. Bracts lanceolate, chondroid- serrate at tip, densely, finely long crispate-hairy, shorter than flowers. Calyx campanulate, 10-11 mm long, slightly inflated and accrescent in fruit (up to 18 mm), finely long crispate-hairy; teeth narrowly deltoid, very acute, sometimes serrated, 2/3 as long as tube. Corolla pink or white (albinos?), 16-18 mm long, tube somewhat falcate; galea somewhat reclinate, slightly curved, without teeth and beak, 2 times as long as lip; lip 3-lobed, small, about 4 mm long, middle lobe orbicular or broadly transversely elliptical. Filaments of two stamens pilose. Capsule 10-13 mm long, subsymmetrical, broadly ovate, with curved beak. Flowering from May to July. Fruiting from May to August. On clayey and clayey-stony slopes in middle and upper-mountain zones.—Soviet Central Asia: mountainous Turkmenia (Kopet-Dag). Gen- eral distribution: Iran. Described from Tochal Mountain (Elburz). Isotype in Leningrad. Note. Plants from the classic locality are distinguished by a scarcely accrescent calyx, the capsule thus markedly exserted from the calyx. How- ever, the material available from Iran is not adequate to decide whether the Kopet-Dag plant is a seperate species. 21. P. olgae Rgl. in Izv. Obshch. lyub. estestv. antrop. i etn. 34, 2 (1882) 61.—P. pycnantha auct. fl. As. Med. Perennial. Plant somewhat, arachnoid-villous. Root vertical, stout, branched. Stems 1-several, erect or ascending at base, simple, usually thickset, scaly at base, 10-30 mm tall. Radical leaves (often absent) short- petiolate, oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, with broadly winged, sometimes dentate axis, pinnatisect; segments lanceolate or oblong, very acute, sharply pinnatifid, chondroid-pointed, decurrent on axis; cauline leaves opposite or whorled, with shorter petioles, otherwise similar. In- floresence (even in fruit) very dense, 3-10 cm long. Bracts lanceolate Plate XXXVI. 1. Pedicularis peduncularis M. Pop. general appearance of plant, calyx, corolla, leaf—2. P. proboscidea Stev. general appearance of plant, flower, part of leaf—3. P. verae Vved., general appearance of plant, flower, part of leaf. 722 628 or oblong- lanceolate, acute, entire, only lowermost somewhat chondroid- dentate at tip. Calyx 11-12 mm long, campanulate, inflated in fruit, some- times up to 20 mm long, membranous, with 10 herbaceous veins; teeth subequal, deltoid, entire, 1/2-2/3 as long as tube. Corolla pale pink, turning green, 16-20 mm long, tube slightly curved in calyx, slightly exceeding calyx or not; galea almost nasute, scarcely falcate, rounded at tip, 1.5-2 times as long as lip; lip serrated, 3-lobed, middle lobe orbicular. Filaments of two stamens somewhat villous. Capsule oblong-lanceolate, oblong or sub-orbicular, 8-15 mm long, with curved beak. Flowering from April to June. Fruiting from May to July. On stony and clayey-stony slopes in middle and high-mountain zones.—Soviet Central Asia: Tien Shan, Pamiro-Alai. Endemic. Described from Aksai Mountain and Dzhidzhik-Rud Ravine. Type in Tashkent. Note. A highly polymorphic species, undoubtedly deserving subdivi- sion into elementary units. The typical form has an intensely inflated calyx in the fruit and narrow (oblong-lanceolate or oblong), tapering, compar- atively thin-walled capsules. Two forms deserve attention: first, the form widely distributed in the upper zone of the western Tien Shan and Pamir- Alai with a suborbicular comparatively thick-walled capsule; second, the form of the western Pamir with similar capsules, but with less dissected leaves and a corolla tube markedly exserted from the calyx. Apparently, _ the latter is described by Prain [Prain in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 3 (1890) tab. 28 B] under the name P. pycnantha. These three forms do not cover the diversity of P. olgae s.l. Well-collected material with field notes on the color pattern of the flowers is essential. 22. P. amoeniflora Vved. sp. nov. in Addenda XXI, 810. Perennial. Root stout, branched, often multiheaded. Stem simple, erect or ascending, rather thick, glabrous, long crispate-hairy under inflores- cence, 5-15 cm tall. Radical leaves absent; cauline leaves in 2(3) whorls, lower opposite, upper whorled, with petioles shorter than lamina: lam- ina glabrous or diffusely arachnoid-pilose, lanceolate, pinnatisect or pin- natipartite; segments deltoid-oblong or deltoid-lanceolate, acute, unequally sharply lobed or coarsely toothed, decurrent on dentate axis. Inflorescence many-flowered, very compact, elongated, rarely slightly reduced. Bracts lanceolate, entire or serrate at tip, almost arachnoid-ciliate, much shorter than flowers. Calyx broadly campanulate, 10-12 mm long, subglabrous; teeth deltoid, very acute, entire, almost arachnoid-ciliate, 1/2 as long as tube. Corolla pink, 20 mm long; tube curved near calyx throat at right angle or almost so; galea somewhat reclinate, slightly falcate, sometimes with very obtuse, scarcely discernible tooth under tip; lip 3-lobed, small 2/3 as long as galea, 5—6 mm long. Filaments of two stamens pilose. Flowering in June. 2 629 On stony-clayey slopes in high-mountain zone (cousinia-sagebrush steppe). Soviet Central Asia: Pamiro-Alai (Bogush-Dara River). Endemic. Described from Bidzhunt Pass. Type in Leningrad. 23. P. pulchra Pauls. in Bot. Tidsskr. XX VII (1906) 211, f. 1—Ic.: Pauls, l.c. Perennial. Root vertical, thickened, usually branched, sometimes with thickened fibers. Stem often almost undeveloped or 2-6 cm tall, glabrous or long crispate-hairy on inflorescence, scaly at base. Radical leaves ab- sent, cauline opposite or whorled, short-petiolate with isolated crispate hairs or rather densely long crispate-hairy, linear-lanceolate, with winged dentate axis, pinnatisect; segments oblong or lanceolate-deltoid, decurrent, pinnately lobed or coarsely toothed, very acute; lobes and teeth of seg- ments finely, shortly chondroid-tipped. Infloresence capitate or often inter- rupted, lower flowers usually distant and with long (up to 20 mm) pedicels. Lowermost bracts leaflike or linear, unequally sharply notched, middle bracts linear with serrate tip, upper entire. Calyx tubular-campanulate, 10-13 mm long, up to 16 mm in lowermost flowers, slightly inflated in fruit, membraneous, with prominent crispate-hairy veins, not forming retic- ulum; teeth herbaceous (more developed in lowermost flowers), chondroid- pointed, subentire, lanceolate-spatulate, 1/2 as long as tube. Corolla pinkish violet or white, 25—30 mm long; tube somewhat curved above calyx throat; galea erect, slightly curved at tip, very shortly bidentate in front with ob- tuse teeth, 2/3 as long as tube; lip sub-reniform, 7-8 x 8-10 mm, 3-lobed, with suborbicular, 2.5—4 mm broad middle lobe. Filaments of two stamens pilose. Capsule ovate or broadly elliptical, with straight beak, shorter than calyx (8-12 mm long). Flowering from May to August. Fruiting from June to September. On stony and rubbly slopes of high-mountain zone—Soviet Central Asia: Pamiro-Alai (western Pamir). Endemic. Described from Yashil-Kul Lake. Isotype in Leningrad. 24. P. verae Vved. sp. nov. in Adden a XXI, 810.—P. zeravschanica auct. fl. As. Med. p.p. Perennial. Root stout, usually multiheaded, neck covered with rem- nants of dead stems and rudimentary radical leaves. Stem often almost un- developed, up to 3 cm tall, simple, glabrous, sometimes long crispate-hairy or almost villous on inflorescence. Radical leaves absent, cauline opposite or whorled, short-petiolate, finely, sparsely arachnoid-villous, later glabres- cent, linear-lanceolate, pinnatisect or deeply pinnatipartite; segments lance- olate or deltoid-oblong, spaced in lower part, closer in less dissected up- per part, acute, sharply chondroid-serrate or almost lobed, decurrent, axis as a result dentate. Inflorescence capitate or often much interrupted in 724 630 lower part, arachnoid-villous. Lowermost bracts leaflike, middle lanceo- late, tapering, entire or serrate at tip, shorter than flowers. Pedicels up to 10 mm long, upper flowers sessile. Calyx campanulate, 10-12 mm long, somewhat arachnoid-villous; teeth deltoid-linear, very acute, entire or ser- rate, 2/3 as long as tube. Corolla apparently yellow, 22-24 mm long; tube scarcely curved, almost erect; galea slightly reclinate, erect, truncate in front, without teeth or beak, 1/2 as long as tube; lip small, 3-lobed, slightly shorter than galea. Filaments of two stamens pilose-villous. Cap- sule 8-10 mm long, elliptical, with hooked beak. Flowering from June to August. Fruiting from July to September (Plate XXXVI, fig. 3). On stony and clayey slopes in high-mountain zone——Soviet Central Asia: Pamiro-Alai [Yagnob. Sardai-Miona, Kugi-Frush (?)]. Endemic. De- scribed from upper reaches of Sardai-Miona River. Type in Leningrad. Note. Plants from Kugi-Frush Mountain are distinguished by more deeply dissected leaves. The flowers, however, are yellow (collector’s note). Series 9. Zeravschanicae Vved.—Root vertical, comparatively stout. Stem almost undeveloped. Leaf segments decurrent on axis. Galea hamate at tip, with two recurved teeth. Corolla tube erect or suberect. 25. P. zeravschanica Rgl. in Izv. Obshch. lyub. estestv. antrop. 1 etn. 34, 2 (1882) 61; Maxim. in Mel. biol. XII, 903, f. 144.—Jc.: Maxim. lc. Perennial. Root virgate, thick, branched near tip. Stem single, 1—2(3) cm tall, with long crispate hairs on inflorescence. Radical leaves absent, cauline whorled, lower leaves opposite, short-petiolate, with long crispate hairs, lanceolate or lanceolate-linear in shape, pinnatisect, with unequally dentate axis; segments oblong-lanceolate, with large, sharp, chondroid teeth or lobes, decurrent, lower segments spaced, upper closer. Inflorescence capitate, sometimes markedly interrupted, especially in lower part. Lowermost bracts leaflike, middle lanceolate or oblong at base, long tapering, entire or serrate at tip, long crispate-hairy, shorter than flowers. Pedicels up to 15 mm long, upper flowers sessile. Calyx subglabrous or long crispate-hairy, tubular-campanulate, 9-10 mm long; teeth deltoid at base, elongated-linear, very sharp, entire or sparsely finely toothed, at least 1/2 as long as tube. Corolla (25)30(35) mm long, yellowish with purple lip; tube erect or suberect; galea slightly reclinate, suberect, slightly curved at tip, with short, recurved beak ending into two recurved sharp teeth; lip 3-lobed, 2/3 as long as galea. Stamens with glabrous filaments. Flowering from May to July. On slopes in high-mountain zone—Soviet Central Asia: Pamiro-Alai. (Hissar Range). Endemic. Described from Iskander-Kul. Type in Tash- kent. 725 631 26. P. inconspicua Vved. sp. nov. in Addenda XXI, 811.—P. zeravs- chanica auct. fl. As. Med. p.p. Perennial. Root virgate, thickened, branched near tip. Stem simple, 1—2(5) cm tall, glabrous or long crispate-hairy on inflorescence. Radi- cal leaves absent, cauline whorled or (lower) opposite, glabrous or with isolated crispate hairs, with petioles equaling or shorter than lamina; lam- ina lanceolate, pinnatisect, with unequally dentate axis; segments oblong or lanceolate, acute, deeply lobed; lobes of segments acute, chondroid- pointed. Inflorescence capitate, sometimes markedly interrupted, especially in lower part. Lowermost bracts sometimes leaflike, middle oblong or lanceolate at base, long tapering, serrate at tip or entire, shorter than flow- ers, long crispate-hairy, especially in lower part. Pedicels up to 8 mm long, upper flowers sessile. Calyx 10-13 mm long, subglabrous or long crispate-hairy, especially on teeth, tubular-campanulate, slightly inflated and accrescent in fruit; teeth deltoid-linear, very sharp, entire, slightly shorter than or 2/3 as long as tube. Corolla pinkish yellow, single-colored, plain, 24-28 mm long; tube erect or suberect, slightly reclinate, curved at tip, with short, recurved beak, ending into two recurved sharp teeth; galea at least 1/2 as long as tube; lip small, 3-lobed, at least 2/3 as long as galea. Stamens with glabrous filaments. Capsule elliptical, with slightly oblique, slightly hooked beak, 10-13 mm long. Flowering from June to July. Fruiting from July to August. On clayey-stony and rubbly damp slopes in high-mountain zone. —Soviet Central Asia: Pamiro-Alai (western part of Hissar Range. Khod- zha-Gurgur, Chulbair Kugitang). Endemic. Described from Chulbair, Mountains. Type in Tashkent. Series 10. Semenovianae Vved.—Root fleshy, comparatively short, with thickened fibers or clustered, with fusiform or thick fibers. Stem almost undeveloped, or developed, but weak, though thick. Galea erect or slightly smoothly curved, without or with short beak, sometimes with teeth. Corolla tube smoothly falcate or erect. Capsule asymmetrical. 27. P. semenovii Rgl. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XLI, 1 (1868) 108; Maxim in Mél. biol. XII, 894, f. 129.—P. pycnantha var. semenovii Prain in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calc. III (1890) 180 (quoad pl. As. Med.)}—Ic.: Maxim. Lc. Perennial. Root stout, comparatively short, fleshy with fusiform thick- ened branches. Stems 1-several, simple, often weak, long crispate-hairy, villous under inflorescence, 2—5(10) cm tall. Radical leaves absent, lower cauline leaves reduced, middle opposite, upper whorled, long crispate- hairy, linear-lanceolate, deeply pinnatipartite; lobes somewhat spaced in lower part, closer above, oblong, subobtuse, pinnately lobed, not decurrent, with short chondroid tips; lobules sparsely dentate, chondroid-pointed, 726 632 similarly to teeth; middle leaves sometimes almost villous, sometimes slightly exceeding lamina, upper leaves subsessile. Flowers in capitate, sometimes many-flowered inflorescence, lowermost often distant, on up to 15 mm long pedicels. Lowermost bracts often leaflike, middle linear, or linear-lanceolate, sometimes densely long crispate-hairy, chondroid- serrulate at tip, shorter than flowers. Calyx 10-17 mm long, campanu- late, accrescent in fruit, slightly inflated, membranous, long crispate-hairy along prominent herbaceous veins; teeth linear, acute, usually serrulate, 2/3 as long as tube. Corolla purplish pink or white with purplish pink lip, 22-30 mm long; tube slightly falcate; galea slightly curved, without beak and teeth; lip broad, 3-lobed, equaling or scarcely exceeding galea, 7-10 mm long. Filaments of two stamens pilose. Capsule 12-15 mm long, obliquely ovate, with erect beak, enclosed in calyx. Flowering from May to June. Fruiting from June to July. On clayey and stony slopes in high-mountain zone.—Soviet Cen- tral Asia: Dzh.-Tarbagatai, (Dzhungar—Ala-Tau), Tien Shan (Central Tien: Shan), Pamiro-Alai (Pamir: Chechekty, Pshart, Karasu). Endemic (?). De- scribed from Bayan-Dzhuruk Mountain (Dzhungar—Ala-Tau). Note. A plant very similar to this species was collected by Nikitina on 12 April 1929 in the vicinity of Frunze, on the first rock benches opposite the city, on the northern slope. The nonconformity with the usual habitat, as also some differences in the flower structure, namely, the galea truncated in front in the horizontal line, compels us to withold final determination of this plant until more extensive material is available. The collector notes that the flowers are “white with pink”. About plants from the Alai range, see note under P. popovii m. 28. P. popovit Vved. sp. nov. in Addenda XXI, 812. Perennial. Root reduced, with funiform thickened fibers. Stems 1-3, weak, partially ascending, sometimes suberect, densely long crispate- hairy, almost villous, 5-10 cm tall. Radical leaves with petioles equaling or shorter than lamina; lamina long crispate-hairy, lanceolate, pinnatisect; segments oblong, slightly tapering above, pinnately lobed, with tapering chondroid-pointed sparsely dentate lobes, slightly decurrent on axis or not; cauline leaves in whorls of 2-4, on shorter petioles, less dissected. Inflorescence compat, spicate, 2-6 cm long. Bracts oblong, acuminate, lower bracts dentate at tip. Calyx on up to 6 mm long pedicel, broadly campanulate at flowering stage, 11-14 mm long, later somewhat inflated, up to 18 mm long, membranous, with 10 herbaceous veins and unequal herbaceous teeth; upper tooth shorter, deltoid, others 1/2 as long as tube, deltoid at base, linear, chondroid-pointed, entire. Corolla apparently pink- ish purple, with dark purple lip, 18-24 mm long, glabrous; tube falcate, galea erect, horizontally truncate in front, without teeth, 6-7 mm long, RT 633 slightly longer than or 1.5 times as long lip; lip small, 5-6 mm broad, 3-lobed, serrate, with elongated middle lobe. Stamen with labrous fila- ments or two of them pilose. Capsule 9-10 mm long, obliquely broadly ovate, almost semiorbicular, with short, straight beak pointing laterally. Flowering in May. Fruiting in June. On stony, clayey slopes in middle and high-mountain zones.—Soviet Central Asia: Pamiro-Alai (Alai Range, Sarytau, Turkestan Range). En- demic. Described from Sarytau Mountain. Type in Tashkent. Note. Plants from the Alai range are distinguished by stamens with pilose filaments. Some plants, for example, from Chartash (Knorring), are even closer to P. semenovii, with a larger lip and the absence sometimes of radical leaves. Possibly, these are hybrids between the two species, but final judgment is not possible without adequate material. 29. P. karatavica Pav. in Vestn. Akad. Nauk. KazSSR, 3 (1950) 33. Perennial. Root fascicular, fibers almost fusiform thickened. Stems 1-2, simple, rather thick, weak, glabrous below, densely long crispate- hairy, often villous above, 3-7 cm tall. Radical leaves absent; cauline leaves in 2-3 whorls (lower often opposite), with densely long crispate- hairy, often villous petioles, equaling or shorter than lamina; lamina linear-lanceolate, pinnatisect; segments somewhat spaced, broadly oblong, chondroid-pointed, deeply pinnately lobed or parted, lobes chondroid- pointed, sparsely chondroid-dentate. Lower flowers on up to 5 mm long pedicels, in comparatively few-flowered, capitate, or often somewhat elon- gated inflorescence, interrupted in lower part. Bracts oblong-lanceolate, long crispate-hairy, tapering above into chondroid-serrated tip, much shorter than flowers. Calyx campanulate, 13-18 mm long, slightly inflated in fruit, membranous, with prominent herbaceous veins, long crispate- hairy; teeth narrowly membranous, herbaceous at tip, very acute, serrate, 2/3 as long as tube. Corolla pale pink, with pinkish purple lip, 28-32 mm long; tube slightly falcate, galea scarcely reclinate, smoothly curved at tip, with short beak ending into two deltoid, almost recurved teeth, at least 1/2 as long as tube; lip large, 3-lobed, slightly shorter than galea. Filaments of two stamens pilose. Capsule 10-14 mm long, obliquely broadly ovate, with erect beak. Flowering in May. Fruiting in June. On stony and rubbly slopes in upper mountain zone (about 1200 m).— Soviet Central Asia: Tien Shan (Karatau). Endemic. Described from Karatau (Minzhelke). Type in Moscow. 30. P. waldheimii Bonati in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, 61 (1914) 292, tab. VI.—Ic.: Bonati, l.c. Perennial. Plant subacaulescent, subglabrous. Root fibrous, with thick- ened fibers. Stem 1-2 cm tall. Radical leaves absent, cauline whorled, long-petiolate, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, pinnatipartite; lobes oblong, 728 729 634 sharply chondroid-toothed, sometimes pinnatipartite, spaced. Inflorescence compact, capitate. Bracts similar to leaves, but reduced and less dissected. Pedicels 10-15 mm long, with isolated crispate hairs. Calyx glabrous or with isolated crispate hairs, 15-18 mm long, slightly membranous, with 10 herbaceous veins; teeth broadened at tip, sharply chondroid-dentate, 2/3 as long as tube. Corolla white, 30-45 mm long; tube erect, 1.5 times as long as galea; galea slightly falcate, rounded at tip, slightly beaked in front, with two projecting and slightly recurved, narrowly deltoid teeth under tip; lip iarge, 3-lobed, scarcely longer than galea. Stamens with pi- lose filaments. Capsule 10-12 mm long, almost semiorbicular, with erect beak. Flowering from May to June. Fruiting from June to July. On debris in high-altitude zone——Soviet Central Asia: Pamiro-Alai (Alai and Turkestan ranges). Endemic. Described from several places in western part of Alai Range. Type in Leningrad. 31. P. maximowiczii Krassn. in Script. Hort. Univ. Petrop. II (1889) 18; Maxim. in Mél. biol. XII, 913, f. 164. Perennial. Root fibers thickened. Stem glabrous, short, long-branched from base, branches ascending, alternate and opposite. Radical leaves with long, slender petioles, very diffusely long crispate-hairy; lamina lanceolate, pinnatisect; segments spaced, oblong, incise-pinnatipartite; cauline leaves with shorter petioles. Flowers 1(3) on short pedicels on branch tips and (2)3 on very long pedicels on stem tips. Bracts leaflike, only less dissected and with short, broadened, more densely pilose petioles. Calyx campanulate, membranous, sparsely long crispate- hairy, 12-15 mm long, with herbaceous, deltoid, acute, dentate teeth, 2/3 as long as tube. Corolla white, 30-35 mm long; galea suberect or slightly falcate, approximately equaling suberect tube, sometimes with two scarcely discernible teeth under tip; lip broad, 3-lobed, reflexed, equaling galea or slightly shorter. Filaments of two stamens pilose. Flowering from June to August. Alpine rubbly slopes.—Soviet Central Asia: Tien Shan (central). En- demic. Initial description omits original location. Maximowicz, who had only authentic material available to him, cites Muzart and Tekes. Type in Leningrad. Series 11. Myriophyllae Vved—Annuals. Leaves pinnatisect; seg- ments pinnately lobed or deeply pinnatipartite. Lip equaling galea or slightly shorter. 32. P. myriophylla Pall. Reise, III (1776) 737, tab. S, f. 1; Bge. in Ldb. Fl. Ross. II, 274; Turcz. in Bull Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXIV, 2, 328 (quoad var. a); Maxim. in Mél. biol. XII, 858, f. 174; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2500.—Ic.: Pall. 1.c. 730 635 Annual. Stem branched from base or rarely simple, almost 4-angled, crispate-hairy along angles or ribs, or subglabrous, usually purple, sev- eral times exceeding radical leaves, (5)10-40 cm tall. Radical leaves with crispate-hairy or subglabrous petioles shorter than lamina; lamina glabrous or subglabrous, lanceolate, pinnatisect; segments lanceolate, spaced, chondroid-pointed, deeply regularly spaced pinnatipartite; lobes chondroid-pointed, with regularly spaced chondroid-pointed teeth; cauline leaves in 3—9 whorls, with very short petioles or upper leaves sessile, with longer segments, reduced upward, gradually transforming into bracts, otherwise similar. Inflorescence capitate or usually elongated, interrupted in lower part, subglabrous. Bracts broadened and long crispate- hairy at base, pinnatisect, with lobed or dentate segments, shorter than pedicels, except lowermost bracts. Calyx broadly campanulate, slightly inflated, membranous, glabrous or long crispate-hairy above along prominent veins, 9-13 mm long; teeth deltoid, acute, entire or serrate, long crispate- hairy, 2/5—1/2 as long as tube. Corolla light yellow, with reddish (always ?) veins, 17-20 mm long, curved at obtuse angle in calyx throat; galea slightly concave dorsally, somewhat curved at tip and gradually trans- forming into short beak; lip 3-lobed, broad, scarcely shorter than galea. Filaments of two stamens pilose. Capsule obliquely oblong- lanceolate, 10-15 mm long. Flowering from July to August. Fruiting in August. Ruderal plant in meadows, open forests—Western Siberia: Altai Mountains; Eastern Siberia: Angara-Sayan, Dauria. General distribution: Mongolia. Described from several places in Siberia. Isotype in Leningrad. 33. P. ludwigii Rgl. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XLI, 1 (1868) 107.— P. leptorhiza Rupr. in Mém. Acad. Sc. Pétersb. VII sér. XIV, 4 (1869) 62; Maxim. in Mél. biol. XII, 864, f. 92 —P. abrotanifolia var. longifiora Rgl. in AHP, 6 (1880) 348.—P. abrotanifolia auct. fl. As. Med.—Ic.: Maxim. l.c. Annual. Stem branched from base or middle, rarely simple, almost 4- angled, shining, several times exceeding radical leaves, (5)10-40 cm tall. Radical leaves with crispate-ciliate petioles, 1/2 as long as lamina; lam- ina glabrous or with isolated crispate hairs, oblong-lanceolate, pinnatisect; segments oblong-lanceolate, chondroid-pointed, spaced, slightly decurrent,. pinnately lobed, lobes chondroid-pointed, chondroid-dentate, with slightly recurved teeth; cauline leaves in 2-3 whorls of 2—5 leaves, with shorter petioles or upper leaves subsessile, reduced upward, with longer lanceolate segments, otherwise similar. Inflorescence elongated (up to 25 cm), dense, interrupted in lower part, finely crispate-villous. Lowermost bracts similar to upper leaves, exceeding flowers, middle bracts longer than calyx, with subrhombic, finely crispate-villous base, tapering into lanceolate, cristate- lobed, chondroid-pointed, glabrous tip with involute margin; lobes of tip chondroid-pointed, chondroid-dentate, upper lobes rhombic in shape, with 731 636 slightly tapering chondroid-dentate or entire glabrous tip. Calyx tubular, 6-12 mm long, membranous, with 10 finely villous veins, unequally 5- toothed; lateral teeth up to 3 mm long, ovate with deltoid base, chondroid- pointed, chondroid-dentate, involute along margin, finely villous-ciliate or (in upper flowers) deltoid, entire, upper tooth short, deltoid, entire. Corolla light yellow, 15-25 mm long, curved at obtuse angle at base of throat; tube erect, 11-20 mm long; galea short-beaked, slightly concave dorsally, slightly exceeding lip; lip 3-lobed, serrate, 5—6 mm long, 9-11 mm broad. Filaments of two stamens pilose. Capsule ovate, with oblique beak, slightly exceeding calyx. Flowering from July to August. Fruiting from August to September. On clayey and stony slopes in high-altitude zone——Soviet Central Asia: Dzh.-Tarbagatai, Tien Shan, Pamiro-Alai (eastern part). General dis- tribution: Kashgar. Described from Keisy-Karachai Pass (Dzhungar—Ala- Tau). Type in Leningrad. Note. According to an oral communication from M. G. Popov, a plant collected along the Babakansu River (Talas Ala-Tau) had white flowers. This habitat is in the extreme west of the Tien Shan, and somewhat iso- lated from other regions. Further observations in this region should be interesting. 34. P. abrotanifolia M.B. ex Stev. in Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc.VI (1823) 22, tab. 5, f. 1; Bge. in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 273; Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXIV, 2, 329; Maxim. in Mél. biol. XII, 879, f. 104 (excl. specim. songar. and uralen.); Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2498.—Ic.: Ldb. Ic. pl. fl. Ross. tab. 278. Annual. Stem simple or branched at base, almost 4-angled, crispate-hairy along angles, shining, several times exceeding radical leaves, 5—20(40) cm tall. Radical leaves with diffusely crispate-ciliate petioles, approximately equaling lamina; lamina glabrous, lanceolate pinnatisect; segments lance- olate, chondroid-pointed, spaced, pinnately villous; lobes of segments chondroid-pointed, chondroid-dentate; cauline leaves in 2-4 whorls, with shorter petioles or upper leaves sessile, reduced upward, with longer, linear- lanceolate segments, otherwise similar. Inflorescence elongated (up to 20 cm), interrupted in lower part, rarely subcapitate, subglabrous or densely crispate-hairy. Lowermost bracts leaflike, exceeding flowers, middle bracts subovate, tapering and sometimes chondroid-dentate at tip, crispate-hairy, equaling or slightly exceeding calyx. Calyx tubular, 8-11 mm long, mem- branous, subglabrous or somewhat densely long crispate-hairy along veins; teeth deltoid, entire or often broadly spatulate, chondroid-dentate, 1/3 as long as tube. Corolla light yellow, 15—28 mm long, curved at obtuse angle at limb base, with erect, 9-17 mm long tube; galea without or with very short beak, erect or scarcely concave dorsally, equaling or slightly exceeding 732 637 lip; lip 3-lobed, serrate. Stamens with glabrous filaments. Capsule obliquely oblong, sometimes with recurved beak, slightly exceeding calyx. Flowering from June to July. Fruiting from July to August. On dry, sometimes stony slopes, in grassy, sometimes damp meadows. —Western Siberia: Altai. General distribution: Mongolia. Described from Altai. Type in Leningrad. Note. Maximowicz (l.c.) described two varieties of this species: var. altaica and var. mongolica, which apparently coincide with the var. typica and var. glabrescens, described earlier by Bunge (Ldb. FI. alt. 2, 426). They are distinguished by the corolla tube size of the lip and its length in relation to the galea. The typical plant has a corolla tube up to two times longer than the calyx and a large lip, up to 12 mm broad and equaling the galea. With respect to an ecological differentiation in this species in the Altai, the taxonomic significance of these forms should be verified in nature on the basis of extensive material. Series 12. Spicatae Vved.—Annuals. Leaves sinuate, pinnatipartite or deeply pinnately lobed; parts crenulate. Lip almost 2 times as long as galea. 35. P. spicata Pall. Reise, III (1776) 738, tab. S, f. 2; Bge. in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 271; Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXIV, 2, 330; Maxim. in Mel. biol. XII, 886, f. 117.—Ic.: Rgl. in Sert. Petrop. tab. 30.—Exs.: Karo, Pl. Dahur. No. 378; Pl. Amur. and Zeaen. No. 64. Annual. Stem erect, simple, branched from base or middle, angular, diffusely crispate-hairy or with 4 somewhat distinct crispate-hairy lines, 15-70 cm tall. Radical leaves in rosette, rather small, petiolate, crispate- hairy, deeply pinnatipartite; lobes elliptical-oblong, connivent, chondroid- dentate; cauline leaves in 3—5 very distant whorls, enlarged toward mid- dle of stem, reduced thereafter; middle cauline short-petiolate, linear- lanceolate, sinuate-pinnatipartite or deeply sinuate pinnatilobate; lobes projecting, obtuse, deltoid-oblong or semiorbicular-oblong, chondroid- crenulate; upper leaves sublinear, pinnately lobed or doubly serrate, sessile. Flowers in compact capitate or elongated, densely crispate-hairy, spicate inflorescence at stem and branch tips. Lowermost bracts leaflike, middle and upper deltoid-ovate, slightly cordate at base, subobtuse, ex- ceeding calyx, crispate-hairy, chondroid-crenulate. Calyx 3-4 mm long, broadly campanulate, slightly inflated, membranous, with herbaceous, crispate-hairy veins, with broadly deltoid short teeth. Corolla bright pur- ple, 12-15 mm long; tube curved near calyx throat; galea reclinate, scarcely falcate, without teeth; lip very broad, 3-lobed, almost 2 times as long as galea, 7-8 mm long. Filaments of two stamens pilose. Capsule obliquely oblong-lanceolate, with recurved tip, 6-7 mm long. Flowering from July to August. Fruiting in August (Plate XXXVI, fig. 4). 638 ht nw Aine LM BULL Ai 735 639 In meadows, sometimes marshes, among scrub.—Eastern Siberia: Angara-Sayan (eastern part), Dauria;—Soviet Far East: Zeya-Bureya, Ussuri. General distribution: Mongolia, China, Korea. Described from Dauria. Section 3. Rhyncholopha Bge. in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III (1847-1849) 268.—Leaves alternate or (P. kuznetzovii) opposite. Galea with somewhat elongated beak, sometimes with teeth under tip, but without tooth above throat. Series 1. Axillares Vved.—Rootstock slender, creeping. Leaves op- posite. Galea curved above at right angle and tapering into rather long beak. 36. P. kuznetzovii Kom. in Fedde, Repert. sp. nov. [IX (1911) 391.—Exs.: Herb. Fl. Ross. No. 2365. Perennial. Rootstock slender, creeping, rooting at nodes, bearing sin- gle, very rarely two stems. Stem erect, rarely simple (due to damaged tip?), branched, slender, delicate, with two lines of fine crispate hairs, leafless in lower part, 10-20 cm tall. Radical leaves absent, cauline oppo- site, gradually reduced upward, short-petiolate, diffusely pubescent above along axis, oblong, pinnatisect; segments oblong-ovate, very distant, narrowed toward base, subsessile, deeply pinnately lobed; lobes pro- jecting, obliquely deltoid, sharply chondroid-pointed, unilateral, sharply chondroid-serrate. Flowers on short pedicels, solitary in axils of spaced upper leaves. Calyx 5—6 mm long, scarious, glabrous, with purple spots, with 3 herbaceous veins, more than 1/2 cleft in front, bidentate, with very short, sparsely ciliate teeth. Corolla 15-17 mm long, erect; tube slightly curved .at base, pilose outside, slightly shorter than galea; galea curved above at right angle, tapering into long, straight, truncate and serrate beak; lip shortly clawlike, ovate, ciliate, 3-lobed, with small lanceolate middle lobe, slightly longer than galea. Stamens with glabrous filaments. Capsule subsymmetrical, linear-lanceolate, long and gradually tapering into short straight beak, horizontally diverging, 12-13 mm long. Flowering from June to July. Fruiting from July to August (Plate XX XVII, fig. 3). In damp forests —Soviet Far East: Uda Region (?), Ussuri. Endemic. Described from valley of Kur River. Type in Leningrad. Series 2. Lapponicae Vved.—Rootstock slender, creeping. Leaves al- ternate, pinnatisect. Galea with short beak, glabrous in front. Plate XXXVII. 1. Pedicularis pubiflora Vved., general appearance of plant, flower, leaf—2. P. alatavica Stadlm., leaf —3. P. kuznetzovii Kom., general appearance of plant, flower, leaf—4. P. spi- cata Pall., general appearance of plant, flower, leaf. 736 640 37. P. lapponica L. Sp. pl. (1753) 609; Bge. in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 281; Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXIV, 2, 346; Maxim. in Mel. biol. XII, 855, f. 78; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2505.—Ic.: Fedtsch. and Fler. Fl. Evrop. Ross., fig. 882.—Exs.: Herb. norm. No. 5152. Perennial. Rootstock slender, creeping, rooting at nodes, terminat- ing into flowering stems or sparse leaf clusters. Stems 1(2-3), simple, erect or rarely ascending at base, slender, sparsely puberulent, leafless at base, (5)10(20) cm tall. Radicai leaves (of sterile shoots) with glabrous petioles, slightly longer or shorter than lamina; lamina glabrous with nar- rowly winged axis, lanceolate, pinnatisect; segments oblong, pinnately lobed, lobes of segments acute, 2—3-toothed; lower cauline leaves re- duced, middle with slightly broadened short petioles, lanceolate or linear- lanceolate, cristate-pinnatilobate or cristate-pinnatipartite, with finely den- ticulate lobes, gradually transforming into bracts. Flowers on short pedicels in few-flowered, capitate inflorescence, sometimes interrupted in lower part. Lower bracts equaling flowers or longer, narrowly linear-lanceolate or sublinear, cristate-lobed, with sparsely denticulate lobes or subserrate; middle bracts shorter than flowers, sublinear, serrate in upper half. Calyx subelliptical, 6-7 mm long, almost herbaceous, with prominent finely branched veins, almost 1/2 cleft in front, with 2-4 short deltoid teeth. Corolla white or light yellow (?), 14-16 mm long; tube erect or slightly curved under throat, sometimes puberulent outside, 1/2—2/3 times as long as galea; galea erect, curved above and gradually tapering into short, straight, projecting beak; lip broad, 3-lobed, glabrous or sparsely cili- ate, slightly shorter than galea. Filaments of two stamens sparsely pilose. Capsule subsymmetrical, linear-lanceolate or lanceolate, gradually long ta- pering, very acute, thin-walled, horizontally diverging or somewhat bent downward, 8-14 mm long. Flowering from July to August. Fruiting from August to September. In mossy tundra, in mountains in alpine zone.—Arctic Region: Arc- tic Europe, Novaya Zemlya, Arctic Siberia, Chukotka, Anadyr; Eastern Siberia: Lena-Kolyma, Angara-Sayan (eastern part), Dauria; Soviet Far East: Kamchatka, Okhotsk, Chukotka, Sakhalin. General distribution: Arc- tic Europe and eastern part of Arctic North America, Greenland. Series 3. Tristes Vved—Rootstock slender, creeping. Leaves alter- nate, incised crenate-lobed. Galea with short beak, villous-ciliate in front. 38. P. tristis L. Sp. pl. (1753) 608; Bge. in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 302; Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXIV, 2, 348; Maxim. in Mél. biol. XII, 844, f. 65; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2525.—Ic.: Stev. in Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. VI, tab. 10, f. 2. Perennial. Rootstock slender, creeping, rooting under stems, with filiform fibers. Stem usually erect, simple, hard, densely long 737 641 crispate-hairy, almost villous, 10-40 cm tall. Radical leaves reduced or almost so, cauline alternate, long crispate-hairy, narrowly linear-lanceolate, sublinear, incised crenate-lobed, with doubly chondroid-dentate lobes, gtadually reduced upward; lower leaves narrowed at base, subsessile, middle and upper leaves sessile, semiamplexicaul. Flowers sessile in dense oblong inflorescence. Bracts linear-lanceolate, densely long crispate- hairy, crenate-serrate at tip; lower bracts longer than calyx, middle slightly shorter. Calyx campanulate, almost herbaceous with anastomosed veins, long crispate-hairy, 13-15 mm long, with deltoid subacute teeth, at least 1/2 as long as tube. Corolla yellow, 30-32 mm long; tube erect, pilose outside, approximately equaling galea; galea falcate at tip, somewhat diffusely glandular-pubescent dorsally, villous-ciliate in front, short-beaked; lip 3-lobed, with subequal lobes, glabrous, equaling galea. Stamens with glabrous filaments. Capsule 20-25 mm long, oblong, symmetrical, abruptly narrowed into very short beak. Flowering from June to July. Fruiting from July to August. In damp meadows, in mountains in alpine and subalpine meadows.— Arctic Region: Anadyr: Western Siberia: Altai; Eastern Siberia: Lena- Kolyma, Angara-Sayan. Dauria; Soviet Far East: Okhotsk (Ayan): So- viet Central Asia: Dzh.-Tarbagatai (?). General distribution: Mongolia. Described from Siberia. Type in London. Series 4. Resupinatae Vved.—Root stout, branched. Stem branched. Leaves alternate, entire, incise-crenate or incised serrate-crenate. Beak al- most equaling galea. 39. P. yezoensis Maxim. in Meél. biol. X (1877) 106; XII, 832, f. 49.—Ic.: Tarasaki, Ic. fl. Jap. tab. 944. Perennial. Root stout, branched. Stems 1-several, branched, erect or somewhat twisted, densely leafy, almost 4-angled, somewhat densely crispate-pubescent, 20-40 cm tall. Radical leaves absent, cauline alter- nate, short-petiolate, entire, oblong-lanceolate, broadly cuneate at base, incised serrate-crenate, with chondroid-serrulate notches at tip, glabrous above, diffusely crispate-pubescent beneath, gradually reduced upward; uppermost leaves bractlike. Flowers resupinate subsessile, solitary in ax- ils of crowded (sometimes closely), intensely reduced floral leaves at stem and branch tips. Calyx 6-7 mm long, sublanceolate in shape, al- most herbaceous, with two prominent anastomosed veins, bilobed, very deeply (3/4) cleft in front, glabrous; teeth broadly deltoid, subacute, cil- iolate along margin. Corolla yellowish, 20-22 mm long; tube slightly curved, pilose outside, at least 1/2 as long (including beak) as galea; galea slightly falcate, gradually tapering into long beak almost equaling galea; lip broad, 3-lobed, broadly ovate, ciliate, exceeding galea including beak; middle lobe concave. Filaments of two stamens unilaterally pilose. 738 642 Capsule obliquely oblong-lanceolate, unilaterally dehiscent, 7—9 mm long. Flowering and fruiting from August to September. Reported from Sakhalin. General distribution: Japan. Described from Hakodate. Type in Leningrad. 40. P. resupinata L. Sp. pl. (1753) 608; Bge. in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 281; Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXIV, 2, 349; Maxim. in Mél. biol. XII, 831, f. 51; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2506. —P. teucriifolia Stev. in Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. VI (1823) 31, tab. 10, f. 1; Bge. in Ldb. FI. Ross. III, 282; Kom. Fl. Kamch. III, 81.—P. lepidota Wimm. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXIII, 1 (1850) 551.—Ic.: Stev. l.c.; Maxim. I.c.; Sugawara, Ilustr. Fl. Sagh. IV, tab. 761.—Exs.: GRF, No. 931; Pl. alt. exs. No. 77. Perennial. Root branched, with numerous thin fibers. Stems (often 2-several) branched or rarely simple, erect or flexuous, almost 4-angled (with decurrent lines from petiole base), subglabrous, densely leafy from base, 30-60 cm tall. Radical leaves absent, cauline alternate or sometimes opposite, short-petiolate, upper leaves subsessile, diffusely or sometimes densely pubescent above, sometimes densely tomentose beneath, entire, oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, tapering above, broadly cuneate or almost truncate, incised serrate-crenate at base, with chondroid-dentate notches at tip, gradually reduced upward; uppermost leaves bractlike. Flowers sub- sessile, solitary in axils of upper leaves; upper leaves long crispate-hairy,. very closely crowded. Calyx 8-9 mm long, tubular-campanulate, almost membraneous, with two prominent veins, subglabrous or long crispate- hairy, bilobed, deeply cleft in front; teeth broadly deltoid, entire, ciliolate, acute. Corolla purple, 20-25 mm long, tube slightly curved, slightly pi- lose outside, slightly shorter than galea; galea somewhat markedly falcate, dorsally pilose, transforming into curved beak; lip 3-lobed, broadly ovate, ciliate, slightly longer than galea. Filaments of two stamens pilose. Cap- sule 11-16 mm long, obliquely oblong, unilaterally dehiscent, abruptly narrowed into short beak. Flowering from June to August. Fruiting from July to September. In meadows, cut-over forests—European USSR: Urals Western Siberia: Ob’ Region, Altai; Eastern Siberia: Lena-Kolyma, Angara-Sayan, Dauria; Soviet Far East: Kamchatka, Okhotsk, Zeya-Bureya, Uda Region, Ussuri, Sakhalin. General distribution: Mongolia, northern China, Korea, Japan. Series 5. Labradoricae Vved.—Biennials. Stem usually branched. Leaves alternate, pinnatipartite. Galea with short beak, with two linear teeth. 41. P. labradorica Wirsing. Eclog. Bot. (1778) tab. 10.—P.. euphra- sioides Steph. ex Willd. Sp. pl. 3 (1800) 204; Bge. in Ldb. FI. Ross. III, 284; 739 740 643 Turcz. in Bull Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXIV, 2, 335; Maxim. in Mel. biol. XII, 901, f. 136; Kryl. Fl. Zap: Sib. X, 2510.—Ic.: Fedtsch. and Fler. Fl. Evrop. Ross. fig. 846.—Exs.: GRF, No. 1232a, 1232b (sub P. euphrasioidi). Biennial. Stem usually with divergent branches from base, rarely sim- ple, crispate-pubescent, (5)10-15(30) cm tall. Radical leaves reduced, in rosette; cauline leaves alternate, lower and middle leaves with crispate- puberulent petioles shorter than lamina; lamina crispate-pubescent espe- cially beneath, linear-lanceolate, pinnatipartite; lobes linear-oblong, acute, sometimes chondroid-lobed; upper leaves and leaves on branches sub- linear, subsessile, pubescent, entire, serrulate. Flowers on short pedicels, solitary in axis of floral leaves, similar to but smaller than upper cauline leaves, inflorescence spicate, lax in lower part, compact above, at stem and branch tips. Calyx subcoriaceous, reticulate, with 4 more prominent veins, glabrous or puberulent beneath, 6-7 mm long, shallowly (somewhat more deeply in front) bilobed, with asymmetrical lobes (teeth connate in pairs). Corolla yellow, later (always?) violet or reddish along galea, 17-19 mm long; tube suberect, 1.5 times as long as calyx; galea somewhat reclinate, slightly falcate, gradually tapering into obscure, obliquely truncate beak, with two linear teeth under it; lip 3-lobed, ciliolate, slightly shorter than galea. Filaments of two stamens pilose. Capsule horizontally diverging, sublinear, pointed, about 10 mm long, unilaterally dehiscent. Flowering from June to July. Fruiting from July to August (Plate XXXVIII, fig. 1). In lichenaceous and mossy tundra, cedar, deciduous and pine forests, in open deciduous forests——Arctic Region: Arctic Europe (eastern part), Arctic Siberia, Chukotka, Anadyr; Western Siberia: Ob’ Region (northern part), Altai; Eastern Siberia: Yenisey, Lena-Kolyma, Angara-Sayan, Dau- ria; Soviet Far East: Kamchatka, Okhotsk, Zeya-Bureya, Uda Region, Us- suri, Sakhalin. General distribution: North America, Greenland. Described from Labrador. Series 6. Sudeticae Vved.—Root reduced, with funiform fibers or vertical, branched. Leaves alternate, pinnatisect; segments linear or linear- lanceolate, pinnatipartite or rarely lobed or dentate. Corolla pink or purple, with teeth under galea tip, projecting or reclinate, i.e. at acute angle to galea axis; teeth sometimes absent. 42. P. sudetica Willd. Sp. pl. III (1800) 209; Bge. in Ldb. Fl. Ross. II, 286; Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXIV, 2, 336; Maxim. in Mel. biol. XII, 902; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2512.—P. tanacetifolia Adams in Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. V (1817) 102.—P. eriostachys Ldb. ex Spr. Syst. II (1825) 780.—Ic.: Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. VI, tab. 15, f. 2.—Exs.: Callier, FI. Siles, exs. No. 431; Fl. exs. austro-hung. No. 632. Perennial. Root reduced, with funiform fibers. Stems single or often several, simple, erect or ascending at base, hard, often thickset, 741 644 colored, usually glabrous or rarely somewhat densely long crispate-hairy, 5-15 cm tall. Radical leaves glabrous, with petioles slightly exceeding lamina; lamina usually with broadly, sometimes very broadly winged axis, linear-lanceolate, pinnatisect or pinnatipartite; segments linear-lanceolate, pinnately lobed or dentate; lobes or teeth of segments chondroid-pointed; cauline leaves absent or isolated, reduced, short-petiolate. Flowers in capitate, glabrous or villous inflorescence, elongated in fruit. Bracts lanceolate, tapering above, dentate. Calyx campanulate, almost herbaceous 10-15 mm long, with narrowly deltoid, acute teeth, dentate at tip, approximately equaling tube, posterior tooth shorter. Corolla pink or purple, or sometimes yellow, with purple galea, 20-25 mm long; tube erect, slightly shorter than galea; galea falcate at tip, with short, obliquely truncate beak, with two teeth under it; lip large, 3-lobed, slightly shorter than galea. Stamens with glabrous filaments. Capsule 12-15 mm long, obliquely oblong, abruptly narrowed into short, usually recurved beak. Flowering from July to August. Fruiting from August to September. In mossy, less often lichen tundra, in mountain meadows in alpine zone.—Arctic Region: Arctic Europe, Novaya Zemlya, Arctic Siberia, Chukotka, Anadyr; European USSR: Dvina-Pechora, Urals; Western Siberia: Altai; Eastern Siberia: Lena-Kolyma, Angara-Sayan, Dauria; Soviet Far East: Kamchatka, Sakhalin (Kurils). General distribution: Central Europe, Arctic Region of Old and New World. Described from Sudeten and Siberia. 43. P. villosa Ldb. ex Spr. Syst. II (1825) 780; Bge. in Ldb. FI. Ross. III, 289; Maxim. in Mel. biol. XII, 902, f. 142.—Jc.: Maxim. l.c. Perennial. Root vertical, branched. Stems sometimes several, simple, erect or twisted, colored, subglabrous or often somewhat densely long crispate-hairy, 10-20 cm tall. Radical leaves with subglabrous or long crispate-hairy petioles approximately equaling lamina; lamina with isolated long, crispate hairs, axis not winged, pinnatisect; segments spaced, lance- olate or linear-lanceolate, pinnatipartite, lobes usually long chondroid- pointed, usually entire; cauline leaves 1(2), reduced, with shorter peti- oles, otherwise similar. Flowers sessile or lower subsessile, in oblong, villous or rarely capitate inflorescence. Lowermost bracts leaflike, mid- dle bracts shorter than flowers, 3-partite, lateral lobes reduced, linear, chondroid-serrate or few-lobed, middle lobe tapering, deeply chondroid- lobed, crispate-hairy at base. Calyx campanulate, with scarcely branched veins, slightly cleft in front, 10-12 mm long, densely long crispate-hairy, often villous; teeth deltoid-linear, very sharp, entire, 2/3 as long as tube. Corolla apparently purple, 20-22 mm long; tube erect, at least 2/3 as long as galea; galea slightly projecting, strongly falcate in upper half, with short, recurved, almost horizontally truncated, bidentate beak; lip 742 645 small, 3-lobed, slightly shorter than galea. Filaments of two stamens pi- lose. Capsule obliquely oblong or obliquely oblong-ovate, recurved at tip, 10-17 mm long. Flowering from July to August. Fruiting in August: In lichenaceous tundra.—Arctic Region: Arctic Siberia, Chukotka, Anadyr; Eastern Siberia: Lena-Kolyma (northern part). Endemic. De- scribed from Siberia without indication of exact location. Type in Leningrad. Note. Apparently, hybrids between P. villosa and P. langsdorffii in- clude P. villosa var. glabrata Trautv. [Tr. Peterb. bot. sada 5 (1877) 91] and P. sudetica var. gymnostachya Trautv. [l.c. 5 (1878) 550]. 44. P. nasuta M.B. ex Stev. in Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. VI (1823) 43, tab. 15, f. 1; Bge. in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 279; Maxim in Mél. biol. XII, 848, f. 73.—? P. apodochila (non Maxim.) Sugawara, Illustr. Fl. Sagh. [TV (1940) 1665, tab. 764.—P. sudetica and P. villosa var. glabrata auct. fl. Saghalin.—Ic.: Stev. l.c. Perennial. Root vertical (?), comparatively slender, branched. Stems 1(2), simple, slender, slightly flexuous, colored, shining, glabrous or densely crispate-hairy under inflorescence and along its axis, 10-30 cm tall. Radical leaves glabrous, with petiole almost equaling lamina; lam- ina lanceolate, with very narrowly winged axis, pinnatisect; segments linear-lanceolate, spaced, pinnatipartite, lobes of segments chondroid- pointed, chondroid-denticulate; cauline leaves absent or isolated, reduced, short-petiolate. Flowers subsessile, in capitate inflorescence, elongated in fruit. Bracts lanceolate, somewhat tapering at tip, chondroid-dentate. Calyx campanulate, cleft in front, 8-10 mm long, with long crispate hairs, almost herbaceous; teeth narrowly deltoid, acute, dentate at tip, 2/3 as long as tube, posterior tooth shorter. Corolla apparently purple, 20-24 mm long; tube slightly shorter than galea, slightly curved under throat; galea falcate above, with short, projecting and recurved, obliquely truncate, entire beak; lip large, shortly clawed, slightly shorter than galea. Stamens with glabrous filaments. Capsule 12-15 mm long, obliquely ob- long, abruptly narrowed into short beak. Flowering from July to August. Fruiting from August to September, Among grassy, bushy thickets in damp forests.—Arctic Region: Anadyr; Soviet Far East: Okhotsk, Sakhalin. Endemic. Described “from islands of Kamchatka Archipelago”. Type in Leningrad. Note. P. apodochila Sugawara (l.c.) and P. koidzumiana Tatewaki and Ohwi [Act. Phytotax. and Geobot. 6 (1937) 148] apparently are synonyms; however, in the absence of relevant herbarium materials, it is difficult to say whether these plants are actually separate species or synonyms of P. nasuta. In the (English) description, the relationship of P. koidzumiana with P. villosa is mentioned, but the distinctive features between them are 743 646 not given. The description itself does not contain relevant information for differentiating the species in the complex group Sudeticae. : 45. P. uliginosa Bge. in Ind. sem. Hort. Dorp. (1829) 8; Bge. i Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 290; Turcz..in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXIV, 2, 340; Maxim, in Mel. biol. XII, 904, f. 151; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2515.—P. rubens var. altaica Bge. in Mém. Acad. Sc. Pétersb. diver. sav. II (1835) 571.—P. rubens var. alatavica K. and K. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XV (1842) 419.—Ic.: Ldb. Ic. pl. Fl. Ross. tab. 441 (sub P. rubente). Perennial. Root short, with funiform, slightly thickened fibers. Stem single, hard, smooth, glabrous, or diffusely crispate-villous under and along axis of inflorescence, shining, erect or slightly flexuous, simple, scaly at base, slightly longer than or 2 times as long as radical leaves, (5)10—35 cm tall. Radical leaves with petiole slightly shorter than or 1/2 as long as lamina; lamina with narrowly winged axis, glabrous or crispate-pubescent beneath, mainly along veins, pinnatisect; segments lanceolate, chondroid-pointed, pinnately lobed, lobes chondroid-pointed, chondroid-dentate; cauline leaves with shorter petioles, reduced upward, otherwise similar. Inflorescence compact, elongated in fruit, lax, up to 17 cm long. Bracts diffusely crispate-villous, lowermost similar to upper leaves, middle bracts linear-lanceolate, pinnatisect; segments chondroid- pointed, chondroid-dentate; upper bracts linear, chondroid-dentate at tip. Calyx 10-14 mm long, tubular-campanulate, on up to 10 mm long pedicels in lower flowers, with 10 long crispate-hairy veins, reticu- late in between, unequally 5-toothed; teeth deltoid-lanceolate, entire or dentate, 1/3 as long as tube. Corolla purple, 20-25 mm long; tube 1.5 times as long as galea; galea falcate above, comparatively short- beaked, bidentate; lip slightly shorter than galea. Filaments of two stamens pilose or all glabrous. Capsule obliquely oblong-lanceolate, 10-20 mm long. Flowering from July to August. Fruiting from August to September. In sasa grass plots, along banks of streams, in high-mountain zone.-— Western Siberia: Altai; Eastern Siberia: Angara-Sayan, Dauria; Soviet Central Asia: Dzh.-Tarbagatai, Tien Shan, Pamiro-Alai. General dis- tribution: Mongolia. Described from Charysh River. Type in Lenin- grad. Note. Plants from the Tien Shan and Pamiro-Alai are distinguished by large capsules and need further study.. Series 7. Striatae Vved.—Root vertical, branched or fascicular, with fusiform thickened fibers. Leaves alternate, pinnatisect; segments linear, spaced, horizontally diverging, serrate. Galea falcate above, short-beaked, bidentate. 744 647 46. P. striata Pall. Reise, III (1776) 737, tab. R, f. 2; Bge. in Ldb. FI. Ross. III, 285; Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXIV, 2, 338; Maxim. in Mel. biol. XII, 910, f. 159.—Ic.: Pall. l.c.; Maxim. l.c.—Exs.: Karo, Pl. Dahur. No. 162. Perennial. Root vertical, branched. Stems sometimes several, sim- ple, erect, hard, crispate-pubescent or crispate-puberulent, later some- times becoming glabrous, (10)20—30(50) cm tall. Radical leaves with crispate-pubescent or crispate-puberulent petioles shorter than or equal- ing lamina; lamina with winged axis, diffusely crispate-hairy or glabrous, lanceolate, pinnatisect; segments linear, spaced, horizontally diverging, chondroid-pointed, sharply chondroid-serrate; cauline leaves numerous, reduced upward, short-petiolate or upper leaves sessile, otherwise similar. Inflorescence elongated, dense at flowering stage, becoming lax in fruit. Lower bracts deltoid in shape, 3-segmented, with elongated, dentate or entire middle segment; middle and upper bracts, except lowermost, shorter than flowers, glabrous or crispate-ciliate. Calyx campanulate, 10-13 mm long, coriaceous, glabrous, crispate-ciliate only along teeth, teeth half as long as tube; lateral teeth connate for considerable length, upper tooth deltoid, shorter. Corolla yellow, with purple veins, 25-32 mm long; tube slightly curved below throat, approximately equaling galea; galea erect, falcate above, short-beaked, beak truncate, with two teeth beneath; lip 3- lobed, adherent to galea, long clawed, slightly shorter than galea. Filaments of two stamens pilose. Capsule linear-lanceolate, subsymmetrical, acute, 11-16 mm long. Flowering from June to July. Fruiting from July to August. In meadows, open forests, on steppe slopes.—Eastern Siberia: Angara-Sayan (eastern part), Dauria; Soviet Far East: Zeya-Bureya. Gen- eral distribution: Mongolia, northern China. Described from Burgutui (Kyakhta) Range and from valley. of Urunlyungui River. Isotype in Leningrad. : 47. P. elata Willd. Sp. pl. III (1800) 210; Bge. in Ldb. FI. Ross. III, 285; Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXIV, 2, 337; Maxim. in Mel. biol. XII. 902, f. 141; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2511.—Ic.: Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. VI, tab. 11, fig. 2 (sinistra). Perennial. Root fascicular, with fusiform thickened fibers. Stems (sometimes 2-3) simple, erect, glabrous, shining, densely leafy, stout, 30-50 cm tall. “Radical leaves with petiole equaling lamina; lamina glabrous, with winged axis, lanceolate, pinnatisect; segments linear, chondroid-pointed, finely serrulate, horizontally diverging, spaced; cauline leaves gradually reduced upward, with shorter petioles, uppermost leaves sessile, otherwise similar. Inflorescence elongated, dense, later interrupted in lower part. Bracts deltoid, or (upper) rhombic, villous-ciliate at base, 3-segmented, with elongated, sharply pinnatifid or serrate middle segment, 745 648 sometimes somewhat arachnoid-pilose. Calyx obliquely ovate, S—7 mm long, membranous-coriaceous, glabrous or arachnoid-hairy along veins, with obscure veins, deeply cleft in front; lateral teeth obliquely del- toid, connate for considerable length, acute, entire, several times shorter than tube; upper tooth deltoid, acute, entire, erect. Corolla purplish pink, 21-25 mm long; tubes broad, erect, crispate-hairy outside, curved under throat, approximately equaling galea; galea falcate above, short-beaked, beak ending into two small projecting teeth; lip long clawed, serrate, 3-lobed, slightly shorter than galea. Filaments of two stamens villous. Capsule 10-12 mm long, linear-lanceolate, rather abruptly narrowed into short beak. Flowering in June. Fruiting in July. In dry and alkaline meadows, along forest edges, in subalpine meadows.—Western Siberia: Ob’ Region (southern part), Irtysh, Altar; Eastern Siberia: Angara-Sayan; Soviet Central Asia: Dzh.-Tarbagatai. General distribution: Mongolia. Described from Kacha River. Isotype in Leningrad. Series 8. Rostratae Vved.—Root reduced with fine funiform fibers. Leaves alternate, pinnatisect; segments oblong or oblong-lanceolate, pinnatifid-lobed. Galea glabrous in front, curved more than at right angle, tapering into straight edentate beak. Corolla tube erect. 48. P. nordmanniana Bge. in Ldb. FI. Ross. III (1847-1849) 277; Boiss. Fl. or IV, 489; Maxim. in Mél. biol. XII, 847; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 401.—Exs.: GRF, No. 632; Fl. Cauc. exs. No. 147. Perennial. Rootstock short, oblique, with fine funiform fibers. Stems 1-several, simple, erect or ascending at base, slender, shining, colored, glabrous or with two hairy lines, (5)10(20) cm tall. Radical leaves with shining glabrous petioles slightly shorter than or equaling lamina; lam- ina glabrous or with isolated crispate hairs beneath, lanceolate, pinnati- sect; segments oblong or oblong-lanceolate, pinnatifid-lobed, lower seg- ments spaced, upper closer; lobes of segments chondroid-pointed, del- toid, sometimes with obscure tooth; cauline leaves alternate, few, with shorter petioles, or upper leaves sessile, less dissected. Flowers on short pedicels in few-flowered, rather compact inflorescence, sometimes lax in lower part. Bracts slightly shorter or longer than calyx, rhombic in shape, with cuneate, scarious, sometimes ciliate base, deeply pinnatipartite, with chondroid-pointed lobes. Calyx tubular-campanulate, 7-8 mm long, almost membranous, glabrous, with prominently branched veins, more deeply cleft in front; teeth subequal, deltoid-lanceolate, acute, dentate, 1/2 as long as tube. Corolla pinkish-purple, 13-15 mm long; tube erect, equaling calyx; galea curved more than right angle, tapering into straight truncate beak; lip broad, 3-lobed, 9-10 mm long. Filaments of two stamens pilose or villous. Capsule 9-13 mm long, obliquely oblong, abruptly narrowed 746 649 into short straight beak. Flowering from July to August. Fruiting from August to September (Plate XXXVIII, fig. 3). In alpine meadows.—Caucasus: Ciscaucasia, Dagestan, western, east- ern and southern Transcaucasia. General distribution: Asia Minor. De- scribed from Georgia. Isotype in Leningrad. Series 9. Incarnatae Vved.—Root reduced, with slender or funiform fibers. Leaves alternate, pinnatisect; segments linear-lanceolate, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, lobed. Galea glabrous or villous-ciliate in front, with somewhat long, edentate, projecting or recurved beak. Corolla tube erect or falcate. 49. P. proboscidea Stev. in Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. VI (1823) 33 (exclus. syn.); Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 279; Maxim. in Mél. biol. XII, 838, f. 56; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2502.—Ic.: Maxim. |.c.—Exs.: Pl. alt. exs. No. 78 (sub P. uncinata). Perennial. Root short, with thin fibers. Stem stout, erect, shining, glabrous, arachnoid-hairy only along inflorescence axis, 45-80 cm tall. Radical leaves with long petioles, shorter than lamina; lamina glabrous, lanceolate, with narrowly winged axis, pinnatisect; segments linear- lanceolate, spaced, slightly decurrent, deeply pinnately lobed; lobes obliquely deltoid, slender chondroid-pointed, finely chondroid-denticulate; cauline leaves alternate, gradually reducing upward, short-petiolate; upper leaves sessile, with less distant parts, otherwise similar. Inflorescence dense, elongated, 10—20 cm long. Bracts arachnoid villous-ciliate, linear, lowermost bracts without flowers, serrate at tip. Calyx subsessile, ovate, 5—6 mm long, membranous, glabrous, with 5 thick and 5 thin branched veins, deeply cleft in front, with 5 herbaceous, obliquely deltoid-lanceolate, acute, entire villous-ciliate teeth, at least 1/2 as long as tube. Corolla yel- low, 16-17 mm long; tube short (5 mm long), erect, curved in throat, appearing falcate; galea narrow, projecting, constricted and villous along margin in throat, dorsally smoothly rounded, gradually transformed into short, projecting beak obliquely truncate at tip; lip broad, 9 x 15 mm, villous-ciliate, 3-lobed, middle lobe suborbicular, about 5 mm broad. Fila- ments of two stamens villous. Capsule obliquely ovate, abruptly narrowed into short beak, 9-10 mm long. Flowering from June to July. Fruiting from July to August (Plate XXXVI, fig. 2). In subalpine and alpine meadows.—Western Siberia: Altai; Soviet Central Asia: Dzh.-Tarbagatai. General distribution: Mongolia. Described’ from vicinity of Zmeinogorsk. 50. P. brachystachys Bge. in Ldb. FI. alt. II (1830) 429; in Ldb. FI. Ross. III, 279; Maxim, in Mél. biol. XII, 836, f. 62; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2501.—Ic.: Ldb. Ic. Pl. Fl. Ross. tab. 427. TAT 650 Perennial. Root apparently reduced, with funiform fibers. Stems. rarely 2, simple, erect, long crispate-hairy, 20-50 cm tall. Cauline leaves short- petiolate, crispate-hairy above along axis, beneath mainly along veins, lanceolate, pinnatisect; lowermost segments spaced, others closer, linear- lanceolate, pinnately lobed; lobes projecting, deltoid, chondroid-pointed, chondroid-serrulate, reduced upward, uppermost sessile. Flowers sessile in capitate or often oblong inflorescence. Bracts incised-pinnatipartite, with tapering apical lobe, again lobed, long crispate-hairy, shorter than flowers, calyx campanulate, 7-8 mm long, almost membranous, with branched veins, pilose; teeth broadly deltoid, acute, entire, 1/2 as long as tube. Corolla yellow, 16-17 mm long; tube falcate, shorter than galea, twisted at flowering stage; galea falcate above, villous-ciliate in front, gradually transforming into long, recurved beak; lip large, broader than long, 3- lobed, ciliate in front, completely covering galea. Filaments of two stamens pilose. Capsule about 10 mm long, obliquely ovate, abruptly narrowed into very short beak. Flowering from June to July. Fruiting from July to August. On stony and clayey-stony slopes in alpine zone.—Western Siberia: Altai; Eastern Siberia: Angara-Sayan. Endemic. Described from Aigulak- ski belki. Isotype in Leningrad. 51. P. incarnata L. Sp. pl. (1753) 609.—P. uncinata Steph. in Willd. Sp. pl. III (1800) 213; Bge. in Ldb. Fl. Ross. II, 280; Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXIV, 2, 345; Maxim. in Mél. biol. XII, 855, f. 82; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2503.—Ic.: Stev. in Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. VI, tab. 12. Perennial. Root reduced, with funiform fibers. Stems sometimes two, simple, erect, stout, glabrous, crispate-pilulose under inflorescence and along its axis, 30-100 cm tall. Radical leaves numerous, with glabrous petioles slightly shorter than lamina; lamina lanceolate, pinnatisect; seg- ments distant and reduced in lower part, overlapping above along mar- gins, linear-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, incise-lobed; lobes of seg- ments obliquely deltoid, acute, sharply chondroid-serrate; cauline leaves numerous, reduced. upward and gradually transformed into bracts; lower leaves short-petiolate, upper sessile, with serrate segments. Flowers on very short pedicels in dense, elongated (up to 30 cm), spicate inflores- cence, interrupted at base. Lowermost bracts often leaflike, middle lance- olate, villous-ciliate at base, linear, serrulate at tip. Calyx broadly cam- panulate, (5)6(7) mm long, subcoriaceous, with veins branched in upper part, glabrous; teeth broadly deltoid, acute, entire, densely ciliolate, 1/2 as long as tube. Corolla yellow, 12-15 mm long; tube scarcely curved, slightly longer than calyx; galea curved almost at right angle, gradually transformed into rather long, projecting beak, sometimes with large tooth above throat; lip broad, 3-lobed, with large middle lobe, ciliate, slightly shorter than galea. Filaments of two stamens pilose. Capsule obliquely 748 651) oblong, abruptly narrowed into recurved short beak 8-10 mm long. Flow- ering from June to July. Fruiting from July to August. In tall-herb meadows, along forest edges——Arctic Region: Arc- tic Siberia (mouth of Yenisey River); European USSR: Urals (Baskak Range) (?); Western Siberia: Ob’ Region (southern part), Altai, Eastern Siberia: Yenisey, Angara-Sayan, Dauria. General distribution: Mongolia. Described from Siberia. Type in London. Series 10. Compactae Vved—Root fascicular with numerous fusiform thickened fibers. Leaves alternate, pinnatisect; segments lanceolate, serrate-lobed, spaced. Calyx saccate-campanulate, with swelling at base. Galea glabrous in front, with long, edentate, recurved beak; corolla tube curved at right angle or almost so. 52. P. compacta Steph. in Willd. Sp. pl. III (1800) 219; Bge. in Ldb. Fl. Ross. IL, 280; Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXIV, 2, 346; Maxim. in Mél. biol. XII, 856, f. 81; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2504.—Ic.: Stev. in Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. VI, tab. 11. Perennial. Root reduced, with fusiform thickened fibers. Stems often single or several, simple, erect, glabrous, with stripes of long crispate hairs in upper part, 25-50 cm tall. Radical leaves with glabrous petioles approximately equaling lamina, lamina glabrous, lanceolate, pinnatisect; segments lanceolate, serrate-lobed, spaced, converging only at tip; lobes of segments deltoid, chondroid-pointed, chondroid-serrate; cauline leaves reduced upward, lower leaves short-petiolate, upper sessile, pinnatipartite, less dissected. Flowers sessile in very compact, usually oblong, glabrous or somewhat coarsely villous inflorescence. Lowermost bracts leaflike, middle barely discernible, usually shorter than calyx, linear or lanceolate, dentate or spatulate at tip; flabellately incised or parted, glabrous or somewhat densely pilose, sometimes almost villous. Calyx saccate-campanulate, with swelling at base, membranous, with prominent, weakly and finely branched veins, 9-12 m long, glabrous or with long crispate hairs; teeth very broadly deltoid, acute, entire, densely ciliolate, several times shorter than tube. Corolla yellow, 17-20 mm long; tube curved above calyx throat at obtuse or sometimes almost at right angle, approximately equaling galea; galea scarcely reclinate or not, curved at tip and tapering into long, straight beak pointing downward; lip 3-lobed, ciliate or subglabrous, slightly shorter than galea. Filaments of two stamens pilose. Capsule obliquely ovate, 11-13 mm long. Flowering from June to August. Fruiting from July to September. In meadows, among scrub, in mountains in alpine region.—Arctic Region: Arctic Siberia (western part); European USSR: Dvina-Pechora (eastern part), Urals; Western Siberia: Altai; Eastern Siberia: Yenisey, 750 652 Angara-Sayan, Dauria (western part); Soviet Central Asia: Dzh.- Tarbagatai, (Tarbagatai, Saur). General distribution: Mongolia. Described from Siberia. Isotype in Leningrad. Note. A polymorphic species, varying greately in bract form and pubescence and leaf arrangement; it deserves further study with specially collected material. Series 11. Physocalyces Vved—Root reduced, with thick funiform or fusiform fibers. Leaves alternate, pinnatipartite or pinnatisect; segments linear-lanceolate, lanceolate or oblong. Calyx somewhat inflated after flow- ering; galea hooked at tip, with two teeth bent downward, i.e. soaps eet to galea axis. Corolla tube erect. 53. P. dasystachys Schrenk in Bull. phys.-math. Acad. Sc. Pétersb. II (1844) 195; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2513.—P. laeta Stev. ex Claus in Goebel. Reise, 2 (1838) 296 (nom. nud.); Bge. in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 289; Maxim. in Mel. biol. XII, 906, f. 150; Schmalh. Fl. II, 288.—P. rubens var. desertorum Bge. Suppl. alt. (1835) 66.—P. rubens var. altaica K. and K. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XV (1842) 419.—P. tanacetifolia (non Adams) Bge. in Bull. phys.-math. Acad. Sc. Pétersb. I (1843) 337.—Ic.: Maxim. |.c——Exs.: GRF, No. 124. Perennial. Root reduced with thick funiform fibers. Stems 1-several, simple, erect, slightly shining, glabrous or puberulent, somewhat villous under inforescence, scaly at base, 10-30 cm tall. Radical leaves with shin- ing petioles, petioles pubescent above, shorter than lamina; lamina oblong lanceolate, glabrous, hairy only along axis, pinnatipartite; lobes deeply pinnatifid, ovate or lanceolate, cauline leaves oblong-chondroid-margined, subobtuse, serrulate; cauline leaves oblong-ovate, short-petiolate, up- per leaves sessile, with sharper teeth, otherwise similar. Inflorescence compact, subcapitate, elongated in fruit, somewhat lax, up to 15 mm long, white-pubescent, tufted, surrounded by leaves at base. Bracts lin- ear, exceeding calyx, glabrous in upper half, chondroid-pointed, lower bracts sharply chondroid-denticulate in upper half, upper bracts entire. Calyx 5-6 x 11-13 mm, broadly campanulate, slightly inflated, herba- ceous, sometimes colored, sessile, unequally 5-toothed; teeth acuminate, chondroid-margined, lanceolate with deltoid base, glabrous above, villous beneath along margin, entire, 1/2 as long as tube. Corolla bright pink or white (albinos ?), 22-25 mm long, glabrous, with erect tube, galea scarcely reclinate, curved above, short-beaked, bidentate, slightly exceed- ing lip; lip broadly ovate, serrulate, 7-8 mm broad, middle lobe rounded, clawed (2.5 x 3 mm). Stamens with glabrous filaments. Capsule ovate, abruptly mucronate, 8-10 mm long. Flowering in May. Fruiting in June. In alkaline soils, in alkaline and flooding meadows.—European USSR: Lower Don, Volga-Don, Trans-Volga Region, Black Sea Region; Western 753 653 Siberia: Upper Tobol, Irtysh, Altai; Soviet Central Asia: Dzh.-Tarbagatai. General distribution: Mongolia. Described from Ishim River. Type in Leningrad. Note. I was unable to see the specimens on which Grossheim based his citation of this species under the name P. laeta Stev. for the Main Range (Grossg. Fl. Kavk. 3, 403); however, its occurrence in the Caucasus is very doubtful. 54. P. physocalyx Bege. in Bull. Acad. Sc. Pétersb. VIiI (1841) 252 in Bull. phys.-math. Acad. Sc. Pétersb. I, 382; in Ldb. Fl. Ross. Ill, 295, Maxim, in Mél. biol. XII, 905, f. 155; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X 2520 (excl. ar. geogr., p.p.).—P. flava (non Pall.) Ldb. Fl. alt. If (1830) 433.—P. flava var. altaica and var. conica Bge. in Mém. Acad. Sc. Pétersb. div. sav. 2 (1835) 570.—P. fedtschenkoi Bonati in Bull. Soc. Nat. Fr. LIX (1914) 233, tab. 4.—Ic.: Ldb. Ic. pl. Fl. Ross. tab. 439 (sub P. flava); Bonati, l.c. Perennial. Root reduced, with numerous, fine, remotely thickened fibers. Stems single or few, simple, usually twisted and ascending, rarely erect, thick, thickened upward, stumpy, very finely crispate- puberulent, subarachnoid, 10-20 cm tall. Radical leaves with crispate- puberulent petioles 1/2 as long as lamina; lamina subglabrous or glabrous, lanceolate, pinnatisect; segments oblong, spaced, decurrent on axis, thus appearing winged, incise-pinnatilobate; lobes of segments acute, chondroid, chondroid-serrulate; cauline leaves reduced upward, short- petiolate or upper leaves sessile, less dissected, otherwise similar. Flowers on short pedicels, in dense, oblong, finely villous inflorescence, interrupted in lower part, elongated in fruit. Lowermost bracts leaflike, middle bracts 3-lobed, with middle lobe much larger, chondroid incise-lobed. Calyx broadly campanulate, slightly inflated in fruit, almost herbaceous, reticulate- nerved, 16-20 mm long, finely villous; teeth deltoid, very sharp, chondroid-serrulate or subentire, 2/3 as long as tube. Corolla yellowish, 26-35 mm long, glabrous outside or with hairy lines near throat, sometimes villous inside throat; tube erect, approximately equaling galea; galea straight, hooked at tip, short-beaked, with two recurved teeth under beak; lip 3-lobed, small, glabrous along margin, long clawed, slightly shorter than galea. Filaments of two stamens somewhat pilose. Capsule 10-15 mm long, oblong-ovate or ovate, symmetrical, abruptly narrowed into short beak. Flowering from May to June. Fruiting from June to July. In stony and sandy steppes.—European USSR: Volga-Don (Saratov), Trans-Volga Region; Western Siberia: Upper Tobol, Irtysh, Altai; So- viet Central Asia: Aral-Caspian Region (Uil), Balkash Region (eastern part). General distribution: Kuldzha. Described from Altai (Riddersk, Bukhtarminsk). Isotype in Leningrad. 654 i] i] 4 1 Sd WF MM WH. : : ; : ‘ 4 TOS - x 754 655 55. P. songarica Schrenk in Bull. phys.-math. Acad. Sc. Pétersb. I (1842) 79; Enum. pl. nov. II, 25; Bge. in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 287.—P. sude- tica var. macrodonta K. and K. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XV (1842) 419. Perennial. Root short, with finely fusiform fibers. Stem simple, erect, hard, thickset, glabrous, slightly shining, scaly at base, 10-25 cm tall. Radical leaves with glabrous petioles, 1/2 as long as lamina or several times shorter; lamina glabrous or crispate-hairy beneath, with winged axis, pinnatisect; segments lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, slightly spaced, de- current and closer at tip, subacute, pinnately serrate-lobed; lobes of seg- ments chondroid-pointed, chondroid 1—2-toothed; cauline leaves few, 1(3), reduced, short-petiolate or subsessile, less dissected, otherwise similar. Inflorescence elongated, dense, pedicels of lower flowers up to 7 mm long. Bracts long crispate-ciliate at base, fugaceous, lowermost bracts leaflike, middle linear, sometimes with lateral, linear, extremely reduced, entire lobes; middle lobe chondroid-serrate, with recurved margin. Calyx tubular-campanulate, 12-15 mm long, scarcely inflated in fruit, herba- ceous, reticulate-veined, long crispate-hairy or subglabrous; teeth linear- deltoid, acute, entire, 1/2 as long as tube, upper tooth at least 1/2 as long. Corolla yellow (?), glabrous, 25-28 mm long; tube long (2—2.5 times as long as galea), erect; galea straight, hooked at tip, short-beaked, biden- tate with recurved teeth; lip glabrous along margin and in throat, 3-lobed, slightly shorter than galea, long clawed. Filaments of two stamens pi- lose. Capsule obliquely oblong-lanceolate, 15-16 mm long. unilaterally dehiscent. Flowering from June to July. Fruiting from July to August. In spruce forests and in subalpine meadows.—Soviet Central Asia: Dzh.-Tarbagatai (Dzhungar Ala-Tau). Endemic. Described from Dzhabyk. Type in Leningrad. 56. P. pubiflora Vved. sp. nov. in Addenda XXI, 812.—P. songorica auct. fl. As. Med. quoad pl. Tianschan.—P. physocalyx augt. -fl. As. Med. quoad pl. Tiansch. and Pamiro-alaj—P. fedtschenkoi (non Bonati) Vved. in herb. Perennial. Root reduced, with fusiform thickened fibers. Stems often 2-3, simple, erect, thickset, glabrous or rarely crispate-hairy under inflorescence, (5)10—20 cm tall. Radical leaves with glabrous petioles 1/3—2/3 as long as lamina; lamina glabrous above, crispate-hairy beneath, lanceolate, with narrowly winged axis, pinnatisect; segments Plate XXX VIII. 1. Pedicularis labradorica Wirsing., general appearance of plant, flower, leaf.—2. P. altripur- purea Nordm., general appearance of plant, flower, section of leaf—3. P. nordmanniana Bge, general appearance of plant, leaf, flower. 755 656 lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, somewhat spaced in lower part, closer above, incise-pinnatilobate; lobes of segments projecting, chondroid- | pointed, entire or sparsely chondroid-serrate; cauline leaves 1-3, reduced, short-petiolate, with broader axis, otherwise similar. Flowers pedicellate (pedicels up to 8 mm long in lower flowers), in oblong, dense inflorescence, sometimes interrupted in lower part. Lowermost bracts leaflike, middle linear, with long crispate hairs, chondroid-dentate at tip, shorter than flowers. Calyx tubular-campanulate, almost herbaceous, with 5 prominent veins forming fine reticulum with their branches, glabrous or somewhat densely crispate-hairy, 14-20 mm long, scarcely inflated in fruit; teeth narrowly deltoid, acute, entire, 1/2 as long as tube. Corolla pale yellow, with purple (always 7?) teeth, densely puberulent outside (especially on galea), 20-28 mm long; tube erect, 1.5 times as long as galea; galea erect, hooked at tip, short-beaked, with two recurved teeth; lip small, 3-lobed, glabrous along margin and in throat, serrate, slightly shorter than galea. Filaments of two stamens pilose. Capsule obliquely elongated- oblong, unilaterally (always ?) dehiscent, 14-20 mm long. Flowering from June to July. Fruiting from July to August (Plate XXXVII, fig. 1). In alpine and subalpine meadows.—Soviet Central Asia: Dzh.- Tarbagatai (Dzhungar—Ala-Tau), Tien Shan, Pamiro-Alai (Alai Range). General distribution: Kuldzha. Described from Aktash (Sonkultau). Type in Tashkent. Note. Plants from Dzhungarskii Ala-Tau are distinguished by a cil- iate lip. Besides, N.I. Rubzov’s specimens from Burkhan-Sartau have a distinct purple venation on the corolla. A similar purple color pattern is noticeable in S.I. Korshinsky specimens from Aram-Kungei. These need further study. 57. P. alatauica Stadim. in herb. and ex Limpr. in Fedde, Repert. XX (1924) 265 (nomen); Addenda XXI, 813—P. almaatensis M. Pop. in Tr. Almaat. Gos. zapov. 3 (1940) 42 (nom. nud.). Perennial. Root reduced, with intensely thickened fusiform fibers. Stems sometimes 2-3, simple, erect or slightly flexuous, thickset, rather thick, often finely long crispate-hairy, 5-15 cm tall. Radical leaves with finely crispate-hairy or subglabrous petioles, 1/3—1/2 as long as lamina; lamina glabrous above, with long, fine crispate hairs beneath, linear- lanceolate, with narrowly winged axis, pinnatisect; segments oblong, obtuse, sometimes spaced in lower part, pinnatipartite, decurrent; lobes of segments obtuse, usually chondroid-pointed, sparsely chondroid-dentate; cauline leaves 1—2, reduced, on shorter petioles, otherwise similar. Flow- ers on short pedicels (up to 5 mm long in lower flowers), in oblong or elongated, rarely capitate inflorescence. Lowermost bracts leaflike, middle bracts with lanceolate, somewhat crispate-hairy base, linear, 756 657 chondroid-dentate at tip, shorter than flowers. Calyx tubular-campanulate, almost membranous, usually pink, with 5 prominent veins with fine reticulum in between, subglabrous or somewhat densely long crispate- hairy, 14-17 mm long, slightly inflated in fruit; teeth deltoid, acute, crispate-ciliate, 1/4 as long as tube. Corolla pink, puberulent outside, 28-30 mm long; tube erect, slightly longer than galea; galea erect, hooked at tip, short-beaked, with two recurved teeth; lip usually small, 3-lobed, glabrous along margin and in throat, serrate, 2/3 or at least 1/2 as long as galea. Stamens with glabrous filaments or two with isolated hairs. Capsule 15-18 mm long, obliquely elongated-oblong, unilaterally (always ?) dehiscent, abruptly narrowed into short, erect beak. Flowering from June to July. Fruiting from July to August (Plate XXXVII, fig. 2). On dry slopes and rocks in alpine zone——Soviet Central Asia: Tien Shan, Pamiro-Alai (Alai range). General distribution: eastern Tien Shan. Described from Trans-Ili Ala-Tau (Kaskelen River). Type in Helsinki. Series 12. Comosae Vved—Root reduced, with funiform or often somewhat. fusiform thickened fibers, rarely stout, branched. Leaves al- ternate, 1—2-pinnatisect, or almost 3-pinnatisect. Corolla usually yellow, rarely pink; teeth under galea tip projecting and recurved, i.e. at acute angle with galea axis; corolla tube erect or curved under throat. 58. P. mandshurica Maxim. in Mél. biol. X (1877) 120; in Mél. biol. XII, 904, f. 154.—Jc.: Maxim. l.c. Perennial. Root reduced with funiform fibers. Stem simple, erect, hard, crispate-puberulent, later subglabrous, 15—30 cm tall. Radical leaves numerous, with crispate-puberulent petioles, (1/3)1/2 as long as lamina; lamina with fine crispate hairs, subglabrous, broadly lanceolate, pinna- tisect, segments spaced, linear-lanceolate, tapering, acute, pinnatipartite or deeply pinnatilobate; lobes projecting, subdeltoid, chondroid-pointed, chondroid-serrulate; cauline leaves with shorter petioles, with narrowly winged axis, reduced upward, gradually transformed into bracts, other- wise similar. Flowers short-pedicellate in lax, up to 25 cm long inflores- cence. Lowermost bracts leaflike, middle linear-lanceolate, slightly longer than flowers, subglabrous, finely crispate-ciliate at base, pinnatipartite or pinnatilobate; lobes projecting, deltoid or elongated deltoid, chondroid- pointed, chondroid-serrate. Calyx tubular-campanulate, almost herbaceous, 12-14 mm long, glabrous or densely crispate-puberulent beneath; teeth spatulate, sharply chondroid-dentate, 2/3 as long as tube, posterior tooth reduced. Corolla light yellow, 25-30 mm long; tube erect, slightly longer than galea, galea scarcely projecting, falcate at tip, with short beak ending into two short projecting and recurved teeth; lip large, 3-lobed, glabrous along margin, long clawed, approximately equaling galea. Stamens with villous filaments. Capsule subcylindrical, subsymmetrical, mucronate, 757 658 12-18 mm long. Flowering from June to July. Fruiting from July to August. On grassy dry mountain slopes—Soviet Far East: Ussuri. General distribution: North Korea. Described from several places in coastal regions of Sea of Japan. Type in Leningrad. 59. P. grandis M. Pop. sp. nov. in Addenda XXI, 814. Perennial. Root fibrous, with slightly thickened fibers. Stem single, erect, hard, thick, simple, villous (especially in lower part), 50-80 cm tall. Leaves alternate, radical and lower cauline with villous petioles, 1/2 as long as lamina; lamina elongated-oblong, pinnatisect; segments decur- rent, oblong or lanceolate, unequally pinnatifid; lobes unequally sharply chondroid-dentate; middle leaves short-petiolate, upper sessile, less dis- sected. Inflorescence interrupted in- lower part, 20-40 cm long. Bracts, especially lower, similar to upper leaves,.upper bracts usually 3-partite, middle lobe elongated, pinnate-cristate. Flowers sessile or lower flowers short-peticellate. Calyx gray-tomentose-pilose, 12-14 mm long, cylindri- cal, membranous, with 5 thick and 5 thin veins without reticulum in be- tween; teeth glabrous, linear, broadly spatulate at tip, denticulate, 1/2-1/2 as long as tube; posterior tooth shorter than others, deltoid, entire. Corolla yellowish, 30-33 mm long; tube erect, slightly exserted from calyx; galea falcate from base, beak bidentate, longer than broad; lip 3-lobed, serrate, almost equaling galea. Filaments of two stamens villous, others glabrous . or sparsely pubescent. Flowering in May. —Soviet Central Asia: Pamiro-Alai. Found once by Popov in a shady poplar grove near village of Gilyan. Endemic. Type in Tashkent. 60. P. dolichorrhiza Schrenk in Bull. phys.-math. Acad. Sc. Pétersb. I (1842) 80; Enum. pl. nov. II (1842) 23; Bge. in Ldb. FI. Ross. III, 291; Maxim. in Meél. biol. XII, 905, f. 146; Bonati in Bull. Soc. Nat. Fr. LXI, 288; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2515.—P. breviflora Bonati, |.c. 232 an etiam Rgl.?—Ic.: Maxim. l|.c.; Prain in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calcutta, 3, tab. 30, f. B. Perennial. Root short, with long, elongated fusiform fibers: Stems 1(2-3), erect or slightly flexuous, elongated, with ribs decurrent from leaf base, sulcate, with long crispate hairs mainly along grooves, some- times somewhat villous, 1.5—2 times as long as radical leaves or often longer, 10-85 cm tall; cauline leaves 5-10, alternate, reduced upward, lower leaves with short, ciliate petioles, middle and upper sessile, oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, pinnatipartite; lobes oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, sharply chondroid-pointed, pinnately lobed, often decurrent on winged axis; lobules sharply chondroid-pointed, sharply chondroid- denticulate, glabrous above or with isolated crispate hairs, somewhat crispate-pubescent beneath along axis and veins; radical leaves with longer 758 659 petioles, absent at flowering stage. Inflorescence elongated, (3)7—35 cm long, lax, very rapidly. elongating, lower flowers sometimes very distant. Lowermost bracts leaflike or cristate-lobed, lobes sharply chondroid- pointed, sharply chondroid-denticulate, several times exceeding calyx; lower and middle bracts ovate, cuneate at base, 1.5—2 times as long as calyx, 3—-5(7)-lobed, middle lobe lanceolate, elongated, sharply chondroid- pointed, sharply 1—2 chondroid-denticulate, lateral lobes linear, entire or almost sharply chondroid-dentate; upper bracts rhombic in shape, scarcely exceeding calyx, 3-lobed, middle lobe longer, entire or with few fine, sharp chondroid teeth, lateral lobes entire; uppermost bracts entire, lance- olate, equaling calyx, all bracts long-ciliate or somewhat villous at base. Calyx 4-5 x 8-12 mm, with up to 5 mm long pedicels in lower flowers, sessile in middle and upper flowers, tubular-campanulate, herbaceous, somewhat villous, with 5 thick and 5 thin veins without reticulum in between, with oblique throat, 5 subequal teeth; teeth deltoid, lateral teeth sometimes obliquely bent, very sharp, ciliate, entire, chondroid-pointed. Corolla yellow, glabrous, 18-29 mm long; tube erect; galea smoothly projecting, slightly curved, rounded at tip, scarcely exceeding lip; beak conical, longer than broad, bidentate at tip; lip 3-lobed, 8-9 x 12-16 mm, entire or serrate, glabrous or with isolated cilia, lateral lobes transversely oval, middle semiorbicular, truncate at base, 4.5 x 6-7 mm. Filaments of two stamens pilose. Capsule obliquely oblong-ovate, 1.5—2 times as long as calyx. Flowering from June to July. Fruiting from July to August. On stony and clayey slopes in lower and middle mountain zone—— Soviet Central Asia: Dzh.-Tarbagatai, Tien Shan, Pamiro-Alai. General distribution: Kashmir, Kuldzha. Described from Dzhabyk Mountain (Dzhungar Ala-Tau). Type in Leningrad. 61. P. fissa Turcz. in Bull. phys.-math, Acad. Sc. Pétersb. I (1843) 377; Bge. in Ldb. Fl. Ross. Gil, 288; Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXIV, 2, 339; Maxim. in Mel. biol. XII, 903, f. 145.—P. rubens var. alpina Bge. in Mém. Acad. Sc. Pétersb. diver, sav. II (1835) 571.—Ic.: Maxim. l.c. Perennial. Root reduced (?), with scarcely thickened slender fibers. Stem simple, erect, thin, thickset, shining, subglabrous in lower part, with 4 long crispate-hairy lines above, 5—15 cm tall. Radical leaves with glabrous petioles, equaling or up to two times as long as lamina; lamina glabrous, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, twice or almost thrice pinnatisect. segments convergent or with overlapping margins, oblong or ovate; lobes of seg- mer.ts chondroid-pointed, sometimes with 1—2 teeth; cauline leaves 1-2, short-petiolate, reduced, less dissected, with subdeltoid lamina. Flowers short-pedicellate, in few-flowered capitate inflorescence. Lowermost bracts leaflike, middle shorter than flowers, long crispate-hairy at base, deltoid. al- most doubly pinnatisect. Calyx tubular-campanulate, almost membranous, 759 760 660 with branched veins, more than 1/3 cleft in front, with long crispate hairs, 14-15 mm long; teeth deltoid, acute, entire, lateral teeth connate for consid- erable length, several times shorter than tube. Corolla apparently pink with purple galea, 26—28 mm long; tube erect, curved under throat, approximately equaling galea; galea projecting, erect, concave in front, short-beaked, usu- ally with two small projecting and recurved teeth below truncated beak; lip 3-lobed, glabrous, slightly shorter than galea. Filaments of two stamens pilose. Capsule obliquely elongated-oblong, apparently unilaterally dehis- cent, about 2 cm long (saw year-old specimen). Flowering from June to July. ; In damp alpine meadows.—Eastern Siberia: Angara-Sayan, Dauria. General distribution: Mongolia. Described from Dauria (Kumy] River?). Isotype in Leningrad. 62. P. lasiostachys Bge. in Ldb. FI. alt. II (1830) 434; in Ldb. FI. Ross. III, 296; Maxim. in Mel. biol. 12, 908, f. 156; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2521.—Ic.: Ldb. Ic. pl. fl. Ross. tab. 340. Perennial. Root reduced, with slightly thickened (?) fibers. Stems sometimes two, simple, erect, hard, thickset finely, somewhat densely long crispate-hairy, glabrous in lower part, 10-20 cm tall. Radical leaves with subglabrous petioles shorter than lamina; lamina subglabrous or with fine, lax crispate hairs beneath, lanceolate, doubly pinnatisect; lobes lin- ear, short, chondroid-pointed, sometimes with 1-2 teeth; cauline leaves few, reduced, subsessile, otherwise similar. Flowers in elongated, some- what lax, arachnoid-villous inflorescence, almost equaling stem. Lower- most bracts leaflike, broadened and villous only at base, middie bracts with lanceolate, linear-lobed base, tapering, linear, cristate-lobed at tip, with chondroid-dentate lobes, shorter than flowers. Calyx broadly campanulate, almost membranous, with branched veins, 14-16 mm long, arachnoid- villous; teeth narrowly deltoid, herbaceous and serrate at tip, acute, 1/2 as long as tube. Corolla yellow, 24-26 mm long; tube erect, approximately equaling galea; galea erect, almost hooked at tip, short-beaked, with two recurved teeth; lip 3-lobed, small, glabrous along margin, long clawed, shorter than galea. Filaments of two stamens pilose. Capsule obliquely oblong-lanceolate, mucronate, 16-20 mm long. Flowering from June to July. Fruiting from July to August. In alpine meadows, on alpine stony slopes.—Western Siberia: Altai. General distribution: Mongolia, Described from Chuya River. Isotype in Leningrad. 63. P. flava Pall. Reise, III (1776) 736, tab. R, f. 1; Bge. in Ldb. FI. Ross. III, 295; Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXIV, 2, 344; Maxim. in Mél. biol. XII, 907, f. 153.—Ic.: Pall. l.c.; Maxim. l.c. 76 ay 661 Perennial. Root vertical, stout, branched. Stems usually few, simple, erect or ascending at base, sturdy, thickset, densely crispate-puberulent, (5)10-20 cm tall. Radical leaves numerous, with densely crispate- puberulent petioles, 1/2 as long as or equaling lamina; lamina crispate- puberulent or subglabrous, lanceolate, pinnatisect; segments linear- lanceolate, spaced, decurrent on axis, thus appearing winged, with spaced large segments; lobes deltoid or elongated deltoid, acute, sparsely, sharply incised chondroid-dentate; cauline leaves reduced upward, short-petiolate, or upper leaves sessile, otherwise similar. Flowers in dense, slightly elongated, finely villous inflorescence. Lowermost bracts leaflike, middle deltoid, shorter than flowers, pinnately (almost thrice) parted; middle lobe larger, pinnately lobed, lateral lobes linear, entire or few-lobed. Calyx campanulate, subcoriaceous, with prominent herbaceous unbranched veins, tomentulose, es acer long; teeth narrowly deltoid-lobed, herbaceous, sparsely dentate, 2 as long as tube. Corolla yellow, 28-32 mm long; tube erect, slighielyy Shanes than galea; galea slightly falcate (more strongly at tip), short-beaked, with two projecting and slightly recurved teeth under beak; lip large, 3-lobed, glabrous along margin, shortly clawed, almost equaling galea. Filaments of two stamens pilose. Capsule obliquely oblong, hard, about 15 mm long. Flowering from June to July. Fruiting from July to August. Along stony slopes with steppe vegetation, in saline meadows.—Eas- tern Siberia: Dauria. General distribution: Mongolia. Described Onon- Borza River. Isotype in Leningrad. 64. P. rubens Steph. ex Willd. Sp. pl. II (1800) 219; Bge. in Ldb. Fl. Ross. II, 290; Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXIV, 2, 339; Maxim. in Mél. biol. XII, 904, f. 152.—P. rubens var. davurica Bge. in Mem. Acad. Sc. Pétersb. diver. sav. II (1835) 571.—P. fischeri Adams ex Nasaroff in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXII (1923-1924) 355, nom. (cf. Ind. Kew. Suppl. 7).—Ic.: Maxim. 1.c—Exs.: Karo, Pl. Dahur. No. 74. Perennial. Root reduced, with funiform fibers. Stem simple, thin, thickset, covered with long crispate hairs, often in 4 longitudinal lines, 10-25 cm tall. Radical leaves with long crispate-hairy, rarely glabrous petioles, approximately equaling lamina; lamina glabrous or pubescent above along axis, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, twice or almost thrice pinnatisect; segments lanceolate or oblong, lobes of segments overlap- ping, chondroid-pointed; cauline leaves 1-2, with shorter petioles, other- wise similar. Flowers sessile, or lowermost subsessile, in oblong, dense inflorescence, interrupted in lower part in fruit. Lowermost bracts leaflike, middle shorter than flowers, long crispate-hairy or subglabrous, deltoid, almost flabellately pinnatipartite, lobes linear, entire or with spaced slen- der lobules, middle lobe larger, pinnatipartite. Calyx tubular-campanulate, 762 662 long crispate-hairy or subglabrous, almost membranous, with branched veins, 14-15 mm long, 1/3—1/2 cleft in front; teeth deltoid-linear, very sharp, entire or sharply toothed, 2/5—1/2 as long as tube. Corolla pink, 22-28 mm long; tube erect, approximately equaling galea; galea scarcely projecting, falcate at tip, short-beaked, with projecting and recurved teeth; lip 3-lobed, glabrous, very shortly clawed, slightly shorter than galea. Fil- aments of two stamens pilose. Capsule obliquely lanceolate, sometimes recurved at tip, 14-16 mm long. Flowering from June to July. Fruiting from July to August (Plate XXXIX, fig. 3). Along slopes in steppe and open forests—Eastern Siberia: Lena- Kolyma, Angara-Sayan (eastern part), Dauria. General distribution: Mon- golia. Described from “Central Siberia’. Isotype in Leningrad. 65. P. achilleifolia Steph. in Willd. Sp. pl. TI (1800) 219; Bge. in Ldb. FI. Ross. III, 294; Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXIV, 2, 343; Maxim. in Mel. biol. XII, 908, f. 157; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2520.—Ic.: Ldb. Ic. pl. fl. Ross. tab. 446. Perennial. Root reduced, with fusiform thickened fibers. Stems l-several, simple, erect, hard, densely crispate-pilulose, 10-40 cm tall. Radical leaves numerous, with petioles 1/3—1/2 as long as lamina; lamina pubescent similarly to stem, lanceolate, 2—3- pinnatisect; segments lin- ear, short, chondroid-pointed; cauline leaves alternate, reduced upward, somewhat gradually transformed into bracts, short- petiolate, upper leaves sessile. Flowers on short pedicels in dense, elongated, finely villous, up to 25 cm long inflorescence. Lowermost bracts leaflike, middle approxi- mately equaling calyx, 3-lobed, middle lobe large, chondroid-serrate at tip. Calyx campanulate, slightly inflated, herbaceous, with prominent, finely branched, but not anastomosed veins, 14-15 mm long; teeth narrowly deltoid, very sharp, entire or serrate,1/2 as long as tube. Corolla yellow, 24-28 mm long; tube erect, at least 2/3 as long as galea; galea erect, falcate at tip, short-beaked, bidentate, teeth projecting and recurved; lip 3-lobed, glabrous, shorter than galea. Filaments of two stamens pilose. Capsule 12-15 mm long, narrowly oblong, symmetrical, gradually ta- pering into beak. Flowering from May to July. Fruiting from June to August. On stony steppe slopes——Western Siberia: Irtysh, Altai; Eastern Siberia: Angara-Sayan (western part): Soviet Central Asia: Dzh.- Tarbagatai. General distribution: Mongolia. Described from Siberia. Isotype in Leningrad. 66. P. talassica Vved. in Journ. Turk. Branch Russ. Geogr. Soc. XVI (1923) 139 (nomen) and in Addenda XXI, 814.—P. achilleifolia auct. fl. As. Med. p.p.—Exs.: HFAM, No. 171 (sub P. dubia). 763 663 Perennial. Root fibrous, with weakly thickened fibers. Stems 1-3, erect, hard somewhat villous, 10-45 cm tall. Radical leaves with villous petioles 1/2 as long as lamina; lamina lanceolate, pinnatisect; segments oblong-lanceolate or ovate, pinnatipartite with chondroid-dentate lobes; middle leaves short-petiolate, upper sessile. Inflorescence 5-30 cm long, compact, lower flowers sometimes spaced, with pedicels sometimes up to 12 mm long. Lower bracts similar to upper leaves; upper bracts trisected, rhombic in shape. Calyx 14—20 mm long, tubular-campanulate, yellowish villous, unequally 5-toothed; lateral teeth with deltoid base, lanceolate, with chondroid spinule at tip, chondroid-denticulate; posterior tooth en- tire, deltoid, shorter. Corolla yellow, glabrous or pubescent, 23-25 mm long, with erect, -broad tube, slightly longer than calyx tube; galea pro- jecting, slightly falcate, with two teeth in front under tip; lip 3-lobed, 2/3 as long as galea, sometimes ciliate at base, with rounded middle lobe. Stamens with glabrous filaments or two pilose. Capsule obliquely oblong- ovate, 18-20 mm long. Flowering from June to July. Fruiting from July to August. On stony and clayey stony slopes in high-mountain zone.—Soviet Central Asia: Tien Shan (Talas and Tashkent Ala Tau). Described from Bolshoi Chimgan. Type in Tashkent. 67. P. krylovii Bonati in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. LXI (1914) 232.—P. achil- leifolia auct. fl. As. Med. p.p. Perennial. Root fibrous, with weakly thickened fibers. Stems 1-2, suberect, somewhat villous, 18-25 cm tall. Radical leaves lanceolate, glabrous or with isolated hairs above, scattered crispate-hairy beneath along midrib and petiole, doubly pinnatisect with chondroid-dentate seg- ments; middle leaves short-petiolate, with denser pubescence, upper leaves sessile. Inflorescnce interrupted in lower part, 12-15 cm long. Lower- most bracts similar to upper leaves, others rhombic, deeply 3-lobed, with elongated chondroid-dentate middle lobe. Calyx 14-15 mm long, cylin- drical, glabrous along with teeth, sometimes somewhat villous beneath along veins, unequally 5-toothed; lateral teeth deltoid, entire, chondroid- pointed, 2 as long as tube; upper tooth deltoid, slightly broader and shorter than lateral teeth. Corolla yellow, 27-28 mm long, glabrous, with erect, broad tube almost equaling calyx; galea projecting, slightly falcate, with two teeth under tip; lip 3-lobed, slightly shorter than galea, with transversely oval middle lobe. Filaments of two stamens pilose. Capsule elongated oblong, exserted from calyx. Flowering in June. Fruiting in July. On stony and rubbly slopes in middle and high-mountain zone.—Soviet Central Asia: Pamiro-Alai. Endemic. Described from Alai Valley. Type in Leningrad. 764 664 68. P. dubia B. Fedtsch. in Trav. Mus. Bot. Acad. Sc. Pétersb. (1902) 255. Perennial. Root vertical, with thick branches. Stems single or 2-3, simple, erect, rather thickset, densely long crispate-hairy, 10—25 cm tall. ’ Radical leaves numerous, with long crispate-hairy petioles 1/2 as long as lamina; lamina glabrous above, with long crispate hairs beneath, lanceo- late, pinnatisect; segments slightly spaced, lanceolate or oblong, pinnati- partite or deeply pinnately lobed, chondroid-pointed; lobes of segments few, chondroid-pointed, unilaterally sparsely serrate; cauline leaves few, reduced upward, gradually transforming into bracts; lower leaves petio- late, upper sessile. Flowers on short pedicels, in dense, somewhat villous inflorescence, lax, oblong or elongated in fruit. Lowermost bracts leaflike, middle 3-partite; middle lobe shorter, chondroid-dentate at tip. Calyx cam- panulate, almost herbaceous, with prominent veins forming fine reticu- lum, 16-18 mm long; teeth narrowly deltoid, acute, often sparsely den- tate, 1/2—2/3 as long as tube. Corolla yellow, with violet lip, 283-30 mm long; tube erect, approximately equaling galea; galea projecting, falcate above, short-beaked, bidentate; lip small, 3-lobed, serrate, glabrous or sparsely ciliate, much shorter than galea. Stames with glabrous filaments or two somewhat pilose. Capsule oblong-lanceolate, long tapering above, subsymmetrical, 15-17 mm long. Flowering from June to July. Fruiting from July to August. In subalpine steppes and in subalpine meadows.—Soviet Central Asia: Pamiro-Alai (Karategin Range, Shugnan). Described from valley of Toguzbulak River. Type in Leningrad. 69. P. kaufmannii Pinzger in Progr. Sald. Realsch. Brandenb. (1968) 17, tab. 1—P. comosa auct. Fl. ross. p.p.—Ic.: Pinzger, 1.c-—Exs.: Herb. Fl. Ross. No. 732. (sub P. comosa). Perennial. Root short, with fusiform thickened fibers. Stem usually single, simple, erect, hard, densely finely crispate-hairy, 20-40 cm tall. Radical leaves with densely crispate-puberulent petioles slightly shorter than or up to 1/2 as long as lamina; lamina long crispate-hairy along axis and veins beneath and besides, densely patently tomentulose, rarely sub- glabrous, lanceolate, pinnatisect; segments oblong or ovate, lower spaced, upper overlapping, pinnatipartite, chondroid-pointed; lobes of segments chondroid-pointed, unilaterally sparsely serrate; cauline leaves reduced up- ward, very gradually transformed into bracts, lower leaves short-petiolate, upper sessile, cristate-pinnatipartite. Flowers subsessile in dense elon- gated inflorescence. Lower bracts leaflike, longer than flowers, middle 3-partite, with middle lobe much larger, cristate-lobed. Calyx campanu- late, 13-15 mm long, almost herbaceous, with prominent finely branched veins forming reticulum, long crispate-hairy or rarely glabrous; teeth very 765 665 short, broadly deltoid, several times shorter than tube. Corolla yellow, 25-28 mm long; tube erect, approximately equaling galea; galea erect, smoothly and weakly falcate from base, strongly at tip, short-beaked, bidentate; lip 3-lobed, serrate, ciliate, slightly shorter than galea. Fila- ments of two stamens pilose. Capsule obliquely oblong, somewhat taper- ing above, 15-18 mm long. Flowering from June to July. Fruiting from July to August. In meadows, among scrub, in steppe meadows.—European USSR: Baltic Region, Upper Volga, Upper Dnieper, Middle Dnieper, Volga-Don, Trans-Volga Region, Black Sea Region, Lower Don, Urals; Caucasus: Ciscaucasia. Western Siberia: Upper Tobol, Irtysh (western part). Endemic. Described from Pakhra River. Type in Berlin? 70. P. acmodonta Boiss. Diagn. pl. or. nov. I ser. IV (1844) 84; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 402.—P. comosa var. acmodonta Boiss. Fl. or. TV (1879) 492 (pro max. part.). Perennial. Root reduced, with fusiform thickened fibers. Stem erect, simple, stout, sulcate, glabrous or crispate-hairy along grooves, 20-50 cm tall. Radical leaves with glabrous petioles shorter than lamina; lamina glabrous, pinnatisect; segments spaced in lower part, closer above, ob- long, remotely pinnatipartite; lobes of segments unequally serrate, in- tensely chondroid-margined; cauline leaves gradually reduced upward, with shorter petioles, upper leaves sessile, otherwise similar. Lower flow- ers on up to 5 mm long pedicels, upper sessile, in dense elongated inflores- cence, interrupted (sometimes intensely) in lower part. Lowermost bracts leaflike, usually longer than flowers, middle bracts shorter than calyx, glabrous or long crispate-hairy, 3-lobed or entire, oblong; lobes chondroid- serrate at tip, middle lobe slightly larger. Calyx tubular-campanulate, sub- coriaceous, with branched veins, glabrous or long crispate-hairy beneath, 12-14 mm long; teeth broadly deltoid, crispate-ciliolate, entire, chondroid- mucronate, several times shorter than tube. Corolla yellow, 30 mm long, with erect tube, approximately equaling galea; galea scarcely project- ing, falcate (strongly above), short-beaked, bidentate; lip large, 3-lobed, glabrous along margin, long clawed, sparsely pilose in throat, approxi- mately equaling galea. Filaments of two stamens pilose. Capsule ovate, symmetrical, gradually tapering, 12-14 mm long. Flowering in June. Fruit- ing in July. On mountain slopes——Caucasus: southern Transcaucasia. General distribution: Iran, Armenia-Kurdistan. Described from Cappadocia and northern Iran. Isotype in Leningrad. 71. P. daghestanica Bonati in Bull. Soc. Bot. Geneve, V (1913) 36; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. II, 402. 766 666 Perennial. Root reduced, with fusiform thickened fibers. Stem sim- ple, erect, stout, covered with fine, long crispate hairs, often subglabrous, 30-60 cm tall. Radical leaves with long crispate-hairy, sometimes villous petioles, 1/3-1/2 as long as lamina; lamina glabrous above, sometimes densely pilulose beneath, linear-lanceolate, pinnatisect; segments deltoid- oblong, truncate, deeply incise pinnatilobate, slightly spaced; lobes of seg- ments chondroid-pointed, chondroid-margined, serrulate; cauline leaves numerous, gradually reduced upward, lower leaves short-petiolate, upper sessile and often with enlarged pair of lower segments, less dissected, otherwise similar. Flowers sessile or subsessile, in oblong or elongated in- florescence. Lowermost bracts leaflike, middle longer than calyx, long crispate-hairy at base, 3-partite; lobes chondroid-crispate-lobed, lateral lobes reduced. Calyx narrowly campanulate, 10-12 mm long, subcori- aceous, with branched veins, finely long crispate-hairy; teeth 3-partite, acute, several times shorter than tube. Corolla yellow, 28-32 mm long; tube erect, slightly shorter than galea; galea often purple at tip, weakly falcate above, short-beaked, bidentate; lip large, 3-lobed, pilose in throat, glabrous or scarcely ciliate along margin, scarcely shorter than galea. Fila- ments of two stamens pilose. Capsule oblong-ovate, subsymmetrical, grad- ually tapering into short curved beak, 15-18 mm long. Flowering from May to June. Fruiting from June to July. Along steppe slopes, forest edges from foothills to middle mountain zone.—Caucasus: Ciscaucasia, Dagestan. Endemic. Described from Betl. Note. Having neither the holotype nor an isotype of this species at my disposal, I am referring to this species, with some reservation, this plant that is common on the north slope of the Main Range. I must note, however, that I have never observed such narrow and dentate calyx teeth in any Caucasian plant from the E. comosa s. |. complex which Bonati places in his P. daghestanica. 72. P. sibthorpii Boiss. Diagn. pl. or. nov. I ser. IV (1844) 83; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 402 (p.p.)—P. comosa var. sibthorpii Boiss. Fl. or. TV (1879) 492. Perennial. Root reduced, with fusiform thickened fibers. Stem sim- ple, erect, hard, long crispate-hairy, 20-30 cm tall. Radical leaves with densely long crispate-hairy or villous petioles, 1/3—1/2 as long as lamina; lamina glabrous above, with long crispate hairs beneath, pinnatisect; seg- ments oblong or ovate in shape, somewhat spaced, incise-pinnatipartite; lobes of segments very acute, chondroid-pointed, regularly coarsely sharp chondroid-serrate; cauline leaves few, reduced upward, with shorter peti- oles, upper leaves sessile. Flowers sessile or subsessile, in oblong or elongated, usually villous inflorescence; hairs on inflorescence com- paratively coarse, distinctly flattened. Lowermost bracts leaflike, middle 667 slightly longer than calyx, 3-partite, middle lobe larger, often dentate at tip. Calyx tubular-campanulate, 12-13 mm long, subcoriaceous, with branched veins, long crispate-hairy, often almost villous; teeth shortly deltoid, acute, sometimes mucronate, several times shorter than tube. Corolla yellow, 27-28 mm long; tube erect, slightly shorter than galea; galea scarcely projecting, falcate at tip, short-beaked, bidentate; lip large, 3-lobed, pi- 767 lose in throat, glabrous or scarcely ciliate along margin, long clawed, approximately equaling galea. Filaments of two stamens pilose. Capsule obliquely oblong, slightly curved at tip, almost beakless, 16-18 mm long. Flowering from May to June. Fruiting from July to August. In open forests, on grassy slopes—European USSR: Crimea; Cauca- sus: western and southern Transcaucasia. General distribution: Asia Minor. Described from Bithynian Olympus. Isotype in Leningrad. 73. P. chroorrhyncha Vved. sp. nov. in Addenda XXI, 815.—P. co- mosa auct. fl. cauc. p.p.—P. sibthorpii auct. fl. cauc. p.p. Perennial. Root reduced with fusiform thickened fibers. Stem sim- ple, erect, slender, short, long crispate-hairy, 5-15 cm tall. Radical leaves with villous petioles, 1/3—1/2 as long as lamina; lamina glabrous or sub- glabrous above, somewhat densely long crispate-hairy beneath, lanceolate, pinnatisect; segments spaced in lower part, closer above, oblong or ob- vate, pinnatipartite or deeply pinnately lobed, chondroid-pointed; lobes of segments chondroid-pointed, elongated deltoid, entire or with 1(3) teeth; cauline leaves 1-2, with shorter petioles or sessile, reduced, otherwise sim- ilar. Flowers sessile or subsessile in capitate or oblong, somewhat finely villous inflorescence. Lowermosi bracts leaflike, middle slightly longer than calyx, pinnatipartite; lower lobes linear, entire, middle much larger, chondroid crispate-lobed. Calyx tubular-campanulate, subcoriaceous, with branched veins, long slender crispate hairs, 13-18 mm long; teeth broadly deltoid, acute, entire, several times shorter than tube. Corolla yellow, with purple tinged galea tip (teeth colored), 30-38 mm long; tube erect, approx- imately equaling galea, with two hairy lines at throat angles; galea slightly projecting, falcate above, short-beaked, bidentate; lip large, 3-lobed, ser- rate and ciliate along margin, pilose in throat, scarcely shorter than galea. Filaments of two stamens pilose. Flowering in July. In alpine and subalpine meadows.—Caucasus: Ciscaucasia, Dagestan, western Transcaucasia (northern part). Endemic. Described from Ullugu- luku. Type in Leningrad. 74. P. sibirica Vved. sp. nov. in Addenda XXI, 816——P. comosa auct. fl. Sib. Perennial. Root short, with long fusiform thickened fibers. Stems 768 usually single, rarely two, simple, erect, usually thickset, very finely 769 668 crispate-hairy, (10)20—40(50) cm tall. Radical leaves with finely crispate- hairy petioles 1/2 as long as lamina; lamina glabrous above, long crispate- hairy beneath along veins, lanceolate, pinnatisect; segments distantly spaced in lower part, overlapping or touching above, elongated, patently | deeply pinnatipartite, chondroid-pointed; lobes of segments chondroid- pointed, distantly, unequally chondroid-serrate; cauline leaves gradually reducing upward, usually spaced in lower part, few, crowded above as if covering inflorescence; lower leaves short-petiolate, upper subsessile, less dissected. Flowers subsessile, in very compact oblong inflorescence. Low- ermost bracts leaflike, middle bracts sharply dissected, oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, arachnoid-hairy, entire or few-lobed, shorter than calyx. Calyx campanulate, 11-14 mm long, subcoriaceous, with prominent, finely and shortly branched veins, glabrous or arachnoid-hairy, with very short, broadly deltoid teeth, several times shorter than tube. Corolla yellow, 26-28 mm long; tube erect, slightly shorter than galea; galea scarcely projecting, smoothly and weakly falcate from base, sharply so above, short-beaked and bidentate; lip long clawed, ciliate, 3-lobed, ap- proximately equaling galea. Filaments of two stamens pilose. Capsule obliquely oblong, with somewhat recurved tip, 10—11 mm long, enclosed -in calyx. Flowering from June to July. Fruiting from July to August. In meadows, open forests—European USSR: Urals (?); Western Siberia: Altai; Eastern Siberia: Angara-Sayan. Endemic. Described from vicinity of village of Sonskoe. Type in Leningrad. 75. P. uralensis Vved. sp. nov. in Addenda XXI, 816.—P. comosa auct. fl. Ross. p.p. Perennial. Root short with weakly fusiform thickened fibers. Stems usually single, rarely 2-3, simple, erect, tall, finely crispate-hairy, 30-80 cm tall. Radical leaves with long crispate-hairy or glabrous petioles equaling or 1/2 as long as iamina; lamina glabrous or often long crispate- hairy beneath, linear-lanceolate, pinnatisect; segments spaced in lower part, overlapping above, unequally pinnatipartite, chondroid-pointed; lobes of segments patent, chondroid-pointed, chondroid-lobed-dentate; cauline leaves gradually reducing upward, lower leaves short-petiolate, upper sessile, bractlike, less dissected. Flowers subsessile, in elongated, dense, long crispate-hairy inflorescence, becoming lax in lower part in fruit. Lowermost bracts similar to upper leaves, middle lanceolate, tapering and usually chondroid-serrate at tip, slightly longer than calyx. Calyx campanulate, subcoriaceous, with prominent, finely and shortly branched veins, long crispate-hairy, 10-11 mm long, with very short, broadly deltoid, entire teeth several times shorter than tube. Corolla yellow, 22-28 mm long; tube erect, at least 2/3 as long as galea; galea slightly projecting, usually smoothly and weakly falcate from base, sharply so at 7710 669 tip, short-beaked, bidentate; lip shortly clawed, ciliate, 3-lobed, slightly shorter than galea. Filaments of two stamens pilose. Capsule obliquely oblong, abruptly tapering above, usually with recurved or hooked tip, 9-12 mm long. Flowering from June to July. Fruiting from July to August. In meadows, birch and aspen groves—European USSR: Dvina- Pechora, Upper Volga, Volga-Kama, Volga-Don, Urals; Western Siberia: Ob’ Region (southern part), Upper Tobol (northern part), Irtysh (northern part). Endemic. Described from vicinity of village of Purino. Type in Leningrad. 76. P. venusta Schangin ex Bge. in Bull. Acad. Sc. Pétersb. VIII (1841) 252 (nomen); In Bull. phys.-math. Acad. Sc. Pétersb. I, 380; Bge. in Ldb. FI. Ross. III, 293; Turcz. in Bull Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXIV, 2, 342; Maxim. in Mel. biol. XII, 906 (excl. var. and fig.); Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2519.—P. comosa var. venusta Bge. in Mém. Acad. Sc. Pétersb. diver. sav. II (1835) 570.—Exs.: Karo, Pt. Dahur. No. 177; Karo, Pl. Amur. and Zeaen. No. 112. Perennial. Root reduced, with funiform fibers. Stem usually single, erect, simple, usually slender, finely long crispate-hairy, (10)20—30(40) cm tall. Radical leaves with finely long crispate-hairy petioles, equaling or 1/2 as long as lamina; lamina glabrous above, with long crispate hairs beneath along veins, lanceolate, pinnatisect; segments spaced, ob- long, elongated, finely chondroid-pointed, deeply pinnatipartite; lobes of segments finely chondroid-pointed, chondroid-serrulate; cauline leaves gradually reducing upward, lower leaves short-petiolate, similar to rad- ical leaves, upper intensely reduced, less dissected. Flowers subsessile, in dense oblong or elongated inflorescence, usually with coarse, long crispate hairs. Lowermost bracts similar to upper leaves, middle pin- nately 3-5-lobed; middle lobe larger, chondroid-serrulate or entire at tip, approximately equaling calyx. Calyx campanulate, 8-10 mm long, subcoriaceous, with prominent, finely and shortly branched veins, almost 1/3 cleft in front; teeth short, broadly deltoid, several times shorter than tube. Corolla yellow, 20-25 mm long; tube erect, slightly shorter than galea; galea scarcely projecting, falcate above, short-beaked, bidentate; lip 3-lobed, glabrous along margin, slightly shorter than galea. Filaments of two stamens pilose. Capsule obliquely oblong, long tapering at tip, 10-12 mm long. Flowering from June to July. Fruiting from July to August. In meadows, often alkaline —Western Siberia: Altai; Eastern Siberia: Lena-Kolyma (?), Angara-Sayan, Dauria; Soviet Far East: Zeya-Bureya. General distribution: Mongolia. Described from several places in Central Siberia. Isotype in Leningrad. 771 670 Note. In Chuiskaya Steppe and in some places in Mongolia, hybrids of this species with P. altaica are common, which makes it difficult to differentiate them. Plants from the Lena-Kolyma Region are distinguished by the calyx being more deeply cleft in front, its lateral teeth being long connate, usually without an intermediate thin vein. These need further study. 77. P. schistostegia Vved. sp. nov.—P. venusta var. Maxim. in Mel. biol. XII, 906, f. 148.—P. venusta var. schmidtii Nakai in Tok. Bot. Mag. XXIII (1909) 101; Sugawara, Illustr. fl. Sagh. IV. 1669, tab. 766.—Ic.: Sugawara, l.c. Perennial. Root apparently reduced with funiform fibers. Stems 1-3, simple, straight or slightly twisted, slender, thickset, densely crispate-hairy, almost villous, 10-20 cm tall. Radical leaves numerous, with densely crispate-hairy, almost villous petioles approximately equaling lamina; lam- ina glabrous above, crispate-hairy beneath, especially along axis, oblong- lanceolate, pinnatisect; segments spaced in lower part, overlapping above, oblong, very deeply pinnatipartite, almost pinnatisect; lobes of segments decurrent, chondroid-pointed, regularly chondroid-serrate; cauline leaves 3-4, abruptly reduced upward, with shorter petioles (upper leaves ses- sile), less dissected, otherwise similar. Flowers sessile, or lower sub- sessile; inflorescence dense, oblong, up to 10 cm long in fruit. Lower- most bracts leaflike, middle longer than calyx, pinnatisect; lower seg- ments linear, middle larger, pinnately lobed. Calyx narrowly campanu- late, almost herbaceous, with 5 prominent veins and finer reticulum in between, densely crispate-hairy, up to almost 1/2 cleft in front; teeth deltoid, acute, entire, lateral teeth almost 1/2 connate, 1/3 as long as tube. Corolla white, 26-28 mm long; tube erect, slightly curved under throat, almost equaling galea; galea slightly (more strongly above) fal- cate, short-beaked, bidentate; lip large, 3-lobed, pilose in throat, slightly shorter than galea. Filaments of two stamens pilose. Capsule obliquely oblong, 12-15 mm long (year-old specimens). Flowering from June to July. On rocks.—Soviet Far East: Sakhalin. General distribution: Japan. Described from Manne. Type in Leningrad. . 78. P. altaica Steph. ex Stev. in Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. VI (1823) 48 in obs. tab. 14 A; Bge. in Ldb. FI. Ross. III, 292; Maxim. in Mél. biol. XII, 904; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2516.—Ic.: Ldb. Ic. pl. F. Ross. tab. 442. Perennial. Root reduced, with thick, sometimes branched, funiform fibers. Stem generally single, simple, slender, generally flexuous, very finely sparsely long crispate-hairy, often colored, 20-40 cm tall. Radical leaves few, with glabrous petioles 1/2 as long as lamina; lamina glabrous, 772 671 linear-lanceolate, with narrowly winged axis, pinnatisect; segments spaced, oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, obtuse, shortly chondroid-pointed, large- lobed; lobes of segments obtuse, shortly chondroid-pointed; cauline leaves abruptly reduced upward, short-petiolate, or upper sometimes sessile; lower leaves pinnatipartite, upper cristate-lobed, usually with larger lobes at base. Flowers short-pedicellate, in elongated inflorescence, lax in lower part. Bracts 3-lobed, lateral lobes reduced (toothlike in middle bracts), middle elongated, chondroid-serrate; lowermost bracts sometimes longer than calyx, middle shorter. Calyx narrowly campanulate, 10-12 mm long, subcoriaceous, with prominent, finely and shortly branched veins, glabrous with purple spots or gray-tomentose, with shortly deltoid teeth several times shorter than tube. Corolla yellow, 25-27 mm long; tube scarcely curved under throat, equaling galea; galea erect, falcate at tip, short-beaked, bidentate; lip long clawed, somewhat ciliate along margin, 3-lobed, equaling galea. Filaments of two stamens pilose. Capsule subsymmetrical, oblong, with very short beak, about 10 mm long. Flowering from June to July. Fruiting from July to August. In alkaline meadows, in osier scrubs. Western Siberia: Altai; Soviet Central Asia: Balkhash Region (?) General distribution: Mongolia. De- scribed from Altai. Diagram in Steven’s monograph cited above is made from specimen in herbarium of Helsinki University (1). 79. P. mariae Rgl. in Tr. Peterb. bot. sada VI (1880) 351.—P. altaica (non Steph.) Maxim. in Mél. biol. XII, 908, f. 147.—IJc.: Maxim. l.c. Perennial. Root reduced, with funiform fibers. Stems 1-4, simple, erect or ascending at base, glabrous or sometimes sparsely crispate-hairy, 15-40 cm tall. Radical leaves with glabrous or crispate-hairy petioles 1/2 as long as lamina; lamina with winged axis, glabrous or pubescent beneath along veins, pinnatisect; segments oblong-lanceolate, subobtuse, chondroid-pointed, lobed; lobes chondroid-pointed, chondroid-dentate; cauline leaves very abruptly reduced upward, short-petiolate, or upper leaves sessile, lower somewhat similar to radical leaves, upper cristate- lobed, pinnatisect at base. Flowers pedicellate in oblong, lax, arachnoid- villous infloresence, elongated in fruit. Bracts almost equaling calyx, pinnately 3-5 lobed, with middle lobe elongated, chondroid-serrate in lower bracts. Calyx narrowly campanulate, subcoriaceous, with promi- nent, finely and shortly branched veins, 11-18 mm long, somewhat deeply cleft in front; teeth broadly deltoid, entire, several times shorter than tube. Corolla erect, 21-30 mm long; tube erect or slightly curved under throat, equaling galea; galea erect, falcate at tip, short-beaked, bidentate; lip long clawed, glabrous along margin, 3-lobed, equaling galea. Filaments of two stamens pilose. Capsule 13-15 mm long, obliquely oblong or obliquely 7713 672 oblong-lanceolate, with very short beak. Flowering from May to August. Fruiting from June to September. In saliné meadows, riparian forests——Soviet Central Asia: Balkhash Region (valley of Ili River), Tien Shan (valley of Kegen River). General distribution: Kuldzha. Described from valley Kegen River (Trulyanboi) and valley of Ili River (Kuldzha). Type in Leningrad. 80. P. schugnana B. Fedtsch. in Trav. Mus. Bot. Acad. Sc. Pétersb. I (1902) 156. Perennial. Root reduced, with thick funiform fibers. Stems 1-several, simple, well-formed, erect or ascending at base, glabrous or with long, fine crispate hairs under inflorescence and along its axis, 25-40 cm tall. Rad- ical leaves with glabrous petioles 1/2 as long as lamina; lamina glabrous, linear-lanceolate, with broad winged axis, pinnatisect; segments oblong or ovate, obtuse, chondroid-pointed, finely lobed; lobes obtuse, chondroid- margined, chondroid-tipped; cauline leaves abruptly reduced upward, short-petiolate or upper leaves sessile, long crispate-ciliate at base; lower leaves somewhat similar to radical leaves, upper cristate-lobed, pinnatisect at base. Flowers with very short pedicels, in somewhat long inflorescence slightly lax in lower part. Lowermost bracts similar to upper cauline leaves, middle bracts approximately equaling calyx, 3-lobed, with lateral lobes reduced, sometimes toothlike, middle lobe elongated, serrate. Calyx narrowly campanulate, 13-15 mm long, subcoriaceous, with prominent, finely and shortly branched veins, glabrous or finely long crispate-hairy, slightly deeply cleft in front, teeth deltoid, longer than broad, several times shorter than tube. Corolla yellow, 25-28 mm long; tube erect, equaling galea; galea slightly projecting, falcate above, short-beaked, bidentate; lip long clawed, glabrous along margin, 3-lobed, equaling galea. Filaments of two stamens pilose. Capsule obliquely oblong, almost beakless, 12-14 mm long. Flowering from July to August. Fruiting from August to September. In boggy meadows.—Soviet Central Asia: Pamiro-Alai (Shugnan). Endemic. Described from valley of Pyandzh River. Type in Leningrad. Series 13. Sylvaticae Vved—Biennials or perennials, with vertical branched root. Stem branched. Rosette leaves entire, incise-dentate-lobed at tip; cauline leaves alternate, pinnatisect. Galea scarcely falcate, almost beakless, bidentate at tip. 81. P. sylvatica L. Sp. pl. (1753) 607; Bge. in Ldb. FI. Ross. II, 284; Maxim. in Mél. biol. X, 112—P. procumbens Gilib. Exerc. phytol. I (1792) 135.—Ic.: Hegi, Ilustr. Fl. Mittel-Eur. f. 69 a-f—Exs.: Fl. exs. austro-hung. No. 2115; Pl. pol. exs. No. 256. Biennial or perennial. Plant glabrous. Root vertical, branched. Stem branched only at base, rarely also above, with ascending or 774 673 partially ascending branches, 5-15 cm tall. Radical leaves in compact rosette, reduced, oblong, sessile, entire or incise-dentate-lobed at tip; cauline leaves alternate, short-petiolate, gradually reduced upward, linear- elliptical, pinnatisect; segments spaced in lower part, crowded above, broadly oblong, chondroid-lobed. Flowers short-pedicellate in axils of sessile floral leaves, forming racemose inflorescences on stem and branch ends, often sparse in latter. Calyx herbaceous, with reticulate venation, tubular-campanulate, 12-14 mm long, cleft almost up to 1/2 in front; teeth deltoid, acute, dentate, densely crispate-ciliolate, 1/3 as long as tube. Corolla pink, 20-26 mm long; tube erect, slightly exceeding calyx; galea scarcely falcate (strongly so at tip), almost beakless, bidentate at tip; lip 3-lobed, large, broader than long, at least 2/3 as long as galea. Filaments of two stamens pilose-villous. Capsule obliquely broadly oblong, abruptly narrowed into short beak, sometimes diverging sideways. Flowering from June to July. Fruiting from July to August. In marshes and damp meadows.—European USSR: Upper Dniester. General distribution: Western Europe. Described from Europe. Type in London. Section 4. Pharyngodon Bge. in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III (1847-1849) 268.—Leaves alternate. Galea with two obtuse teeth under throat and sometimes with two more obtuse teeth under tip. Series 1. Aduncae Vved. Annuals. Galea beaked with two slender, projecting teeth. 82. P. adunca M.B. ex. Stev. in Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. VI (1823) 29, tab. 5, f. 2; Bge. in Ldb. FI. Ross. III, 282; Maxim. in Mel. biol. XII, 901, f. 138.—P. palustris var. Willd. Sp. pl. III (1800) 203.—P. rubin- skii Kom. in Fedde, Repert. sp. nov. XIII (1914) 236.—P. sachalinen- sis Miabe and Miyake, Fl. Sagh. (1915) 355—P. sphagnicola Kom. FI. Kamch. III (1930) 76 and herb.—P. parviflora (non Smith) Kom. l.c. 84 (excl. syn. Stev. and Bge.).—Ic.: Sugawara, Illustr. Fl. Sagh. IV, tab. 765 (sub P. sachalinensis). Annual. Plant glabrous. Stem erect or often branched from base or middle, with spreading or almost patent branches, (5)10—20(40) cm tall. Radical leaves in rosette reduced, entire, sublinear, obversely oblong or subspatulate, gradually narrowed toward base, subsessile, entire or den- tate at tip; cauline leaves alternate, narrowly linear-lanceolate or narrowly linear-deltoid, deeply pinnatipartite or almost pinnatisect; segments ob- long or subdeltoid in upper leaves, dentate, involute along margin, some- times appearing entire. Flowers solitary, short-pedicellate, in axils of up- per leaves. Calyx campanulate, herbaceous, 6-9 mm long, bilobed (deeper cleft at back), lobes almost semicircular or subdeltoid, ciliolate, entire or somewhat dentate. Corolla pinkish violet, 16-18 mm long; tube erect, Tas 674 equaling or 1.5 times as long as calyx; galea slightly falcate, with del- toid tooth on either side above throat, gradually transformed into curved, obliquely truncate beak, ending into two slender, projecting teeth; lip 3- lobed, large, somewhat ciliate, slightly exceeding galea. Filaments of two stamens pilose. Capsule about 10-12 mm long, obliquely oblong, some- what gradually tapering, with beak diverging sideways. Flowering from July to September. Fruiting from August to September. In sphagnous marshes and wet meadows.—Arctic Region: Anadyr; Soviet Far East: Kamchatka, Okhotsk, Zeya-Bureya, Ussuri, Sakhalin. En- demic. Described from Kamchatka. Type in Leningrad. Series 2. Palustres Vved.—Annuals or biennials. Galea beakless or almost so, without teeth under tip or with erect teeth. 83. P. palustris L. Sp. pl. (1753) 607; Bge. in Ldb. FI. Ross. III, 283 (p. min. p. excl. var. wlassowiana and spec. Ross. europ. orient. Sibir. and Amer.); Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 402.—P. erecta Gilib. Exerc. phytol. I (1792) 135.—Ic.: Rchb. Ic. fl. Germ. tab. 1749, f. 2.—Exs.: Fl. Stir. exs. No. 1057; Herb. norm. No. 4921; Fl. exs. austro-hung, No. 2113. Biennial. Stem usually branched, with upright branches, glabrous or with scattered long crispate hairs, 20-50 cm tall. Radical leaves in rosette extremely reduced, oblong, entire; cauline leaves alternate, reduced up- ward, subsessile, long ciliate at base, linear-lanceolate, pinnatisect; seg- ments entire, somewhat spaced, obtuse, deeply pinnately crenate-lobed; lobes chondroid-dentate at tip. Flowers short-pedicellate, solitary in axils of reduced spaced upper leaves on stem and branch tips. Calyx broadly tubular, almost herbaceous, often colored, with prominent anastomosed veins, glabrous or with long crispate hairs, 10-13 mm long, bilobed, lobes recurrently crispate-lobed. Corolla pink, (18)20—22 mm long; tube erect, slightly shorter than galea; galea somewhat reclinate, slightly falcate at tip, subrostrate, with two obtuse teeth above throat and two minute, slender, erect teeth under tip; lip large, 3-lobed, slightly exceeding galea, ciliate. Filaments of two stamens pilose. Capsule 13-16 mm long, obliquely ovate, abruptly tapering into short, slightly recurved beak. Flowering from June to July. Fruiting from July to August. In marshy meadows.—Arctic Region: Arctic Europe; European USSR: Karelia-Lapland, Dvina-Pechora, Baltic Region, Ladoga-Ilmen, Upper Volga, Volga-Kama, Upper Dnieper, Middle Dnieper, Volga-Don, Upper Dniester, Ural Mountains; Caucasus: Ciscaucasia (Kislovodsk). General distribution: Western Europe, North America (?). Described from northern Europe. Type in London. Note. Splits into seasonal races which include P. opsiantha Ekm., growing along with typical P. palustris, but blossoming much later (see Pl. Finl. exs. No. 1335 and No. 1338). 716 777 675 84. P. karoi Freyn in Oesterr. Bot. Zeit. 46 (1896) 26 (germanic.).— P. pseudo-karoi Bonati in Bull. Acad. Géogr. XV (1905) 11.—P. palustris auct. fl. Sib. As. Med. and partim Ross. europ. orient.—P. palustris vat. wlassowiana auct.—Exs.: Pl. Dahur. No. 386. Biennial. Stem usually branched, with upright branches, glabrous or with long crispate hairs, 20-50 cm tall. Cauline leaves alter- nate, subsessile, long ciliate at base, gradually reduced upward, linear-lanceolate, pinnatisect; segments oblong-lanceolate or lanceo- late, spaced, crenately lobed; lobes chondroid-dentate. Flowers short- pedicellate, solitary in axils of spaced reduced upper leaves toward stem and branch tips. Calyx broadly tubular, almost herbaceous, with prominent anastomosed veins, often densely long crispate-hairy, 6-7 mm long, bilobed, lobes crispate-lobed. Corolla pink, 14-16 mm long; tube erect, approximately equaling galea; galea slightly reclinate, scarcely falcate at tip, subrostrate, with two obtuse teeth above throat and two minute teeth under tip; lip 3-lobed, ciliate, equaling galea or slightly shorter. Filaments of stamens glabrous or two of them pilose. Capsule 7-10 mm long, obliquely ovate, abruptly narrowed into short, slightly recurved beak. Flowering from June to July. Fruiting from July to August. In damp and marshy meadows.—European USSR: Trans-Volga Re- gion, Lower Don, Ural Mountains; Western Siberia: Ob’ Region, Up- per Tobol, Irtysh, Altai; Eastern Siberia: Yenisey, Lena-Kolyma, Angara- Sayan, Dauria. General distribution: Mongolia. Described from vicinity of Nerchinsk. Isotype in Leningrad. 85. P. vlassoviana Stev. in Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. VI (1823) 27. tab. 9, f. 1.—Ic.: Stev. l.c. Biennial. Stem branched, with upright branches, glabrous, 20-40 cm tall. Cauline leaves alternate, glabrous, subsessile, linear-lanceolate, pin- natisect; segments lanceolate, spaced, obtuse, crenate-lobed, chondroid- margined. Flowers short-pedicellate, solitary in axils of upper reduced, spaced leaves toward stem and branch tips. Calyx broadly tubular, slightly inflated, almost herbaceous, with prominent, loosely anastomosed veins, glabrous, 6 mm long, bilobed, lobes crispate-lobed. Corolla apparently pink, 10-11 mm long; tube erect, approximately equaling galea; galea slightly reclinate, suberect, almost beakless, with two obtuse teeth above throat, without teeth under tip; lip 3-lobed, glabrous along margin, much shorter than galea. Filaments of stamens glabrous. Capsule 9 mm long, obliquely broadly ovate, abruptly narrowed into short, erect beak. Flow- ering, fruiting (7). Apparently in damp places.—Eastern Siberia: Dauria. Endemic. Described from Doroninsk. Isotype in Leningrad. 77 oo 676 86. P. hyperborea Vved. sp. nov. in Addenda XXI, 817.—P. parvi- flora (non Smith) Kryl, Fl. Zap. Sib. X (1939) 2509 (excl. syn. and area geogr.). Annual. Plant glabrous throughout. Stems single or few, often branched from middle, 5-10 cm tall. Radical leaves in rosette reduced, obovate, sessile, entire; cauline leaves few, distinctly alternate, but usu- ally in close pairs, subsessile, lanceolate, deeply pinnatipartite; segments linear-oblong, coarsely crenate, almost lobed; lowermost leaves some- times obovate, deeply lobed; floral leaves crowded, slightly enlarged, deltoid, otherwise similar. Flowers subsessile or sessile, solitary in axils of floral leaves. Calyx almost membranous, with branched veins, 6-7 mm long, bilobed almost up to half, slightly deeper cleft at back; teeth almost flabellately lobed, lobes unequal, dentate at tip. Corolla appar- ently pink, with darker galea and spots on lip, 11-12 mm long; tube erect, or later smoothly weakly curved; galea erect, straight-truncate in front, slightly shorter than tube, with two deltoid, recurved teeth under throat, sometimes with two very minute, erect teeth under tip; lip 3- lobed, glabrous along margin, broader than long, slightly shorter than galea. Stamens with glabrous filaments. Capsule 6-8 mm long, obliquely broadly ovate, abruptly narrowed into beak. Flowering in July. Fruiting in August. In mossy and dry tundra.—Arctic Region: Arctic Siberia (Ob’ Re- gion). Endemic. Described from eastern bank of Bay of Tazovsk. Type in Leningrad. 87. P. pennellii Hulten, Fl. Aleut. ils. (1937) 300, tab. 14—P. palus- tris (non L.) Cham. and Schlecht. in Linnaea, II (1827) 582 and auct. fl. arctic. As. orient. and Amer. occid.—Ic.: Hulten, l.c. Annual. Plant glabrous throughout. Stem simple or branched from base or middle, with diverging branches, (2)5—10(15) cm tall. Radical leaves in rosette reduced, obovate, sessile, entire; cauline leaves few, dis- tinctly alternate but in close pairs, subsessile, oblong-lanceolate, deeply pinnatipartite; segments linear-oblong, chondroid-pointed, coarsely den- tate; lowermost leaves usually obversely oblong, ovate, incise-lobed; floral leaves crowded, somewhat enlarged, deltoid, otherwise similar. Flowers subsessile or sessile, solitary in axils of floral leaves. Calyx almost mem- branous, with branched veins, 6-7 mm long, bilobed almost up to half, slightly deeply cleft at back, teeth almost flabellately lobed; lobes of teeth unequal, usually dentate at tip. Corolla apparently pink, with darker galea and spots on lip, 13-15 mm long; tube erect or scarcely curved; galea with indistinct beak, equaling tube or slightly shorter, with two deltoid, recurved teeth above throat, besides, usually with two minute filiform teeth above tip; lip 3-lobed, ciliate, broader than long, equaling galea. Filaments of two 781 677 stamens pilose. Capsule 8-10 mm long, obliquely ovate, rather abruptly narrowed into beak. Flowering in July. Fruiting in August. In mossy and grassy tundra.—Arctic Region: Arctic Siberia (in west up to Gyda River), Chukotka, Anadyr; Soviet Far East: Okhotsk (?). General distribution: Alaska. Described from western Alaska (King Cove). Section 5. Anodon Bge. in Ldb. FI. Ross. III (1847-1849) 268.—Lea- ves alternate. Galea without beak and without teeth above throat. Series 1. Lanatae Vved.—Root vertical, stout, neck densely covered with remnants of broadened rigid bases of leaf petioles. Leaves doubly pinnatisect. Corolla tube erect. 88. P. willdenovii Vved. nom. nov.—P. langsdorffii var. 3 Stev. in Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. VI (1823) 49. p.p. quoad plantas americanas— P. lanata Willd. ex. Cham. and Schlecht. in Linnaea, II (1827) 583 (p.p.) and 584, non Pall. ex Stev. (1823); Bge. in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 299, p.p.—P. lanata var. leiantha Trautv. in Tr. Peterb. bot. sada 1 (1871) 76 in obs. p.p.—P. lanata auct. fl. amer. Perennial. Root vertical, stout, with comparatively slender branches, often multiheaded, root neck densely covered with brown remnants of dead leaves. Stem simple, erect, arachnoid-hairy or arachnoid-villous, 2-10 cm tall. Radical leaves numerous; long-petiolate, base sheathing, villous inside, axis narrowly linear, somewhat arachnoid-hairy; lamina doubly pinnatisect, linear-lanceolate; primary segments spaced, secondary sparsely sharply toothed; lower cauline leaves similar to radical, upper less dissected, with broad axis, gradually transforming into bracts. Flow- ers in dense, capitate or often elongated (up to 20 cm in fruit), spicate, arachnoid-villous inflorescence. Lowermost bracts similar to upper cauline leaves, longer than flowers, middle linear, dentate at tip, arachnoid-villous, much shorter than flowers. Calyx campanulate, almost arachnoid-villous, 6-7 mm long; teeth deltoid, subacute, entire, 2/5—-1/2 as long as tube. Corolla pinkish purple, glabrous, only with hairy lines usually along throat and inside lip at base, very rarely with isolated hairs on galea, 18-21 mm long; tube erect or scarcely curved, broadened in throat; galea erect, with- out teeth, concave in front, 2/3 as long as tube; lip broad, 3-lobed, glabrous along margin, approximately equaling galea. Filaments of two stamens pilose- villous. Capsule 8—11 mm long, obliquely ovate, with beak tapering laterally. Flowering from June to July. Fruiting from July to August. In lichen, stony tundra—Arctic Region: Chukotka, Anadyr. Gen- eral distribution: Arctic America, Greenland. Described from islands and coastal regions of Bering Sea. Type in Leningrad. 89. P. pallasii Vved. n. nov.; in Addenda XXI, 817.—P. lanata Pall. ex. Stev. in Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. VI (1823) 49 in syn. and 678 782 679 herb.—P. langsdorffii var. 3 Stev. |.c. p.p. quoad plant. kamtschat—P. la- .ata var. leiantha Trautv. in A. H. P. 1 (1871) 76, in obs. p.p.—P. lanata auct. fl. kamtschat. Perennial. Root straight, vertical, hard, branched, often multiheaded; neck densely covered with brown remnants of dead leaves. Stem sim- ple, erect, thickset, densely leafy, somewhat arachnoid-hairy or arachnoid- villous, 2-7 cm tall. Radical leaves numerous, petiolate, base sheathing, villous inside, axis narrowly linear, somewhat arachnoid-hairy; lamina doubly pinnatisect, linear-lanceolate; primary segments somewhat spaced, secondary sharply toothed; cauline leaves similar, with broadly linear axis, gradually transforming into bracts. Flowers in dense capitate or elongated (up to 10 cm in fruit), arachnoid-villous, spicate inflorescence. Bracts arachnoid-villous, middle bracts linear, dentate at tip, shorter than flow- ers. Calyx campanulate, arachnoid-villous, 7 mm long; teeth narrowly deltoid, acute, entire or subdentate, 1/2 as long as tube. Corolla pinkish purple, sparsely pilose along galea, 18-22 mm long; tube erect, broad- ened in throat; galea erect, without teeth, concave in front, 2/3 as long as tube; lip broad, 3-lobed, ciliate, approximately equaling galea. Filaments of two stamens pilose-villous. Capsule 9-12 mm long, obliquely ovate, with beak tapering laterally. Flowering from June to July. Fruiting from July to August (Plate XXXV, fig. 3). In stony tundra and in alpine zone among stones.—Soviet Far East: Kamchatka, Okhotsk (northern part), Sakhalin (Kuril Islands). Endemic. Described from Kamchatka. Type in Leningrad. 90. P. dasyantha Hadac in Skrif. Svalb. Ish. 87 (1944) 57, f. 20b.— P. langsdorffii var. gymnostemon Trautv. Pl. imag. and descr. Fl. Russ. (1844) 59, tab. 38.—P. lanata var. dasyantha Trautv. in Tr. Peterb. bot. sada 1 (1871) 76.—P. lanata auct. fl. arct. europ. and part. asiat.—Ic.: Trautv. l.c. (1844). Perennial. Root vertical, stout, with comparatively slender branches, sometimes multiheaded, neck covered with brown remnants of dead leaves. Stem simple, erect, thickset, arachnoid-villous, 2-7 cm tall. Radical leaves numerous, petiolate, subglabrous, base sheathing, arachnoid-villous inside; axis narrowly linear; lamina doubly pinnatisect, linear-lanceolate; primary segments spaced, secondary sparsely crenate; cauline leaves less dissected, with broad axis, more densely pubescent, gradually transforming into Plate XXXIX. 1. Pedicularis chamissonis Stev., general appearance of plant, flower, part of leaf.—2. P. al- berti Rgl., general appearance of plant, flower, part of leaf—3. P. rubens Steph., general appearance of plant, flower, leaf. 783 680 bracts. Flowers in dense capitate or elongated inflorescence, sometimes somewhat lax (up to 10 cm in fruit) arachnoid-villous, spicate. Lowermost bracts similar to upper cauline leaves, middle linear, arachnoid-villous, lobed at tip, subglabrous, slightly shorter than or equaling flowers. Ca- lyx campanulate, arachnoid-villous, 7-9 mm long; teeth narrowly deltoid, acute, entire, 1/2 as long as tube. Corolla pinkish purple, 17-20 mm long, with erect tube; galea almost villous, erect, obscurely bidentate, almost equaling tube; lip 3-lobed, ciliate, slightly shorter than galea. Filaments of stamens glabrous or witi isolated hairs. Capsule 10—15 mm long, obliquely ovate, with short beak tapering laterally. Flowering from June to August. Fruiting from July to September. In lichenaceous-stony tundra.—Arctic Region: Arctic Europe, Novaya Zemlya, Arctic Siberia (western part). General distribution: Spitzbergen. Described from Spitzbergen. 91. P. adamsii Hulten in Kungl. Sven. Veten. Hand. 8, 2 (1930) 117 in adn.—P. langsdorffii var. 8. Stev. in Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. VI (1823) 49, p.p. quoad plant. Adams——P. alopecuroides Adams ex Stev. l.c. in syn. and herb.—P. alopecuroides Stev. ex. Spr. Syst. II (1825) 780.—P. lanata var. alopecuroides Trautv. in Tr. Peterb. bot. sada 5 (1877) 93; Maxim. in Meél. biol. XII, 916, f. 176.—P. lanata auct. fl. asiat. p.p—Ic.: Hult. l.c. tab. 5, fic. . Perennial. Root vertical, branched, stout, sometimes multiheaded; neck densely covered with brown remnants of dead leaves. Stem sim- ple, erect, thickset, somewhat arachnoid-villous, 2-10 cm tall. Radical leaves numerous, petiolate, somewhat arachnoid-villous, base sheathing, arachnoid-villous inside, axis narrowly linear; lamina doubly pinnatisect, lanceolate; primary segments, spaced, secondary sparsely sharply toothed; cauline leaves short-petiolate, with broadly linear axis, pinnatisect, with deeply lobed segments, otherwise similar, gradually transforming into bracts. Flowers in compact, capitate or often elongated (up to 20cm in fruit), villous, spicate inflorescence. Lowermost bracts leaflike, middle linear, arachnoid-villous, pinnately lobed at tip, much shorter than flow- ers. Calyx campanulate, arachnoid-villous, 9-11 mm long; teeth deltoid, acute, obscurely dentate, 1/2 as long as tube. Corolla pinkish purple, (26)30—35 mm long, with erect tube; galea villous, scarcely or rather in- tensely falcate, approximately equaling tube, with two small, acute, erect teeth under tip; lip broad, 3-lobed, shortly clawed, ciliate, slightly shorter than galea. Filaments of two stamens villous-pilose. Capsule 15-20 mm long, obliquely ovate, with beak tapering laterally. Flowering from June to August. Fruiting from July to August. In lichenaceous-stony tundra and in similar mountainous regions of tundra—Arctic Region: Arctic Siberia, Chukotka; Eastern Siberia: 784 681 Lena-Kolyma. Described from lower reaches of Lena River. Isotype in Leningrad. Note. A sheet with two specimens certainly of this species pre- served in the herbarium of the Botanical Institute of Akad. Nauk SSSR, is identified as P. lanata W., with the label: “1844. in humid. sum- mas alp. Alatau. 4.S.,” without mentioning collector’s name. O. and B. Fedchenko (Consp. fl. turk. V, 110) ascribe these collections to Kare- lin and Kirilov. However, according to Lipsky, these authors did not collect specimens in Dzhungar Ala-Tau in 1844. The correctness of these indications, therefore, is doubtful; in any case, the occurrence of P. adamsii even in the northern mountains of Central Asia needs solid proof. Series 2. Hirsutae Vved.—Root vertical, branched; neck covered with broken remnants of radical leaves. Leaves pinnatisect, especially cauline leaves with broad axis. Corolla tube erect or scarcely curved. 92. P. langsdorffii Fisch. ex. Stev. in Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. VI (1823) 49, tab. 9, 2 (excl. var. 3.); Bge. in Ldb. FI. Ross. III, 288; Maxim. in Mél. biol. XII, 916, fig. 174.—P. arctica R. Br. in Suppl. app. Parry voy. (1824) 280, non M.B. ex Stev. (1823) nec Adams ex Stev. (1823).—P. purpuras- cens Cham. ex Spr. Syst. II (1825) 781.—P. hians Eastw. in Coult. Bot. Gaz. XXXIII (1902) 289. Perennial. Root vertical, slender, branched, sometimes multiheaded; neck often covered with brown broken remnants of radical leaves. Stem simple, erect, with scattered long crispate hairs, subglabrous, (3)5—10 cm tall. Radical leaves petiolate, glabrous, sometimes long crispate-hairy along petioles; lamina linear-lanceolate, almost pinnatisect; segments somewhat spaced, oblong, pinnately obtuse-lobed; cauline leaves short- petiolate, long crispate-hairy at base, with very broad axis, with den- tate spaced segments, gradually transforming into bracts. Flowers short- pedicellate, in capitate inflorescence, often interrupted in lower part, rarely somewhat lax, elongated, somewhat villous, spicate. Lowermost bracts leaflike, middle linear, long crispate-hairy at base, deeply pin- nately lobed, with sparsely dentate lobes, equaling or slightly shorter than flowers. Calyx campanulate, long crispate-hairy, sometimes almost villous, 8-14 mm long; teeth deltoid, acute, sometimes broadly spatulate at tip, dentate, at least 1/2 as long as tube. Corolla reddish purple, bright, glabrous, 24-28 mm long; tube erect or slightly curved; galea slightly falcate, with two teeth under tip, equaling tube or slightly longer; lip 3-lobed, serrate along margin, glabrous or sparsely ciliate, slightly shorter than galea. Filaments of two starnens pilose. Capsule obliquely oblong- lanceolate, soft-walled, very acute, 10-12 mm long. Flowering from July to August. Fruiting in August. 785, 682 In mossy tundra.—Arctic Region: Chukotka, Anadyr; Soviet Far East: Kamchatka. General distribution: Beringia, Arctic America. Described from Aleutian Islands. 93. P. hirsuta L. Sp. pl. (1753) 609; Bge. in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 299; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2523.—P. arctica Adams ex Stev. in Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. VI (1823) 51 in obs. and herb.—Exs.: Herb. norm. No. 4922. Perennial. Root vertical, branched, sometimes multiheaded; neck cov- ered with brown broken remnants of radical leaves. Stem simple, erect, somewhat arachnoid-hairy, arachnoid-villous under inflorescence, 2-10 cm tall. Radical leaves long-petiolate; with isolated crispate hairs or glabrous, axis narrowly linear; lamina lanceolate, pinnatisect; segments spaced, ob- long, pinnately lobed; cauline leaves short-petiolate, with very broad axis, more densely pubescent, with reduced, dentate, spaced segments, gradu- ally transforming into bracts. Flowers short-pedicellate in compact, cap- itate, sometimes few-flowered, or sometimes elongated many-flowered, arachnoid-villous, spicate inflorescence. Lowermost bracts leaflike, middle arachnoid-villous, linear, dentate at tip, shorter than flowers. Calyx cam- panulate, arachnoid-villous, 6-9 mm long; teeth deltoid, somewhat den- tate, acute, 1/2 as long as tube. Corolla dull pink, glabrous, 12-16 mm long; tube erect or usually scarcely curved near calyx throat; galea erect or scarcely curved, often equaling tube or slightly shorter, with two very minute, indistinct teeth under tip; lip small, glabrous along margin, ser- rate, 3-lobed, slightly shorter than galea. Stamens with glabrous filaments. Capsule obliquely oblong-lanceolate, soft-walled, very acute, 10-13 mm long. Flowering from July to August. Fruiting in August (Plate XXXV, fig. 1). In marshy, less often dry tundra.—Arctic Region: Arctic Europe, Arctic Siberia. General distribution: Northern Scandinavia, Spitzbergen, Greenland, Arctic America (eastern part). Described from Lapland. Type in London. Series 3. Flammeae Vved.—Root reduced, with vertically thickened fibers. Leaves pinnatipartite, lobes reclinate, usually imbricate. Corolla tube erect. 94. P. oederi Vahl in Hornem. Fors. Dansk. Oeconom. Pl. 2, ed. I (1806) 580; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2524—P. versicolor Wahlenb. Veg. Helvet. (1813) 118; Ldb. FI. Ross. III, 300; Maxim. in Mél. biol. 12, 918, f. 177.—Ic.: Rchb. Ic. fl. Germ. tab. 1759, f. 6-16.—Exs.: Fl. Stir. exs. No. 296; Fl. exs. austro-hung. No. 2119; Pl. pol. exs. No. 257. Perennial. Root short, with fusiform fibers. Stems 1-3, simple, erect or ascending at base, glabrous in lower part, long crispate-hairy above, palea- ceous at base, 3-15 cm tall. Radical leaves linear, pinnatipartite, glabrous above or long crispate-hairy on both surfaces; lobes crowded, reclinate, 786 683 often imbricate or sometimes separate, oblong or subovate, 1—2-crenate, recurved along margin; cauline leaves alternate, lower with crispate-hairy petioles, 1/2 as long as lamina or shorter; upper leaves subsessile. In- florescence dense, with spaced lowermost flowers, 2-8 cm long. Bracts almost equaling calyx, densely crispate-hairy, lanceolate, slightly broad- ened at tip, chondroid-dentate; upper bracts sublinear. Calyx 8-13 mm long, on to 5 mm long pedicel, tubular-campanulate, with 10 villous veins; teeth 5, unequal, subacute, deltoid-lanceolate, entire or spatulately broad- ened, dentate, 2/5—1/2 as long as tube. Corolla 18—24 mm long, yellowish, glabrous, with erect tube; galea projecting forward, rounded above, con- cave in front, truncate at tip, dorsally slightly concave or straight, narrowed above middle, usually reddish at tip, 1.5 times as long as lip; lip reni- form, 10 x 12 mm, 3-lobed, middle lobe ovate, obtuse, 2.5—3 x 3-4.5 mm, constricted at base. Filaments of two stamens pilose. Capsule obliquely oblong-lanceolate, 15—20 mm long. Flowering from June to July. Fruiting from July to August. In tundra and on stony slopes in high-mountain zone.—Arctic Re- gion: Arctic Europe, Novaya Zemlya, Arctic Siberia, Chukotka, Anadyr; European USSR: Upper Dniester, Urals; Western Siberia: Altai; East- ern Siberia: Angara-Sayan, Lena-Kolyma, Dauria; Soviet Far East: Kam- chatka, Okhotsk, Sakhalin (Kurils); Soviet Central Asia: Dzh.-Tarbagatai, Tien Shan, Pamiro-Alai, General distribution: Arctic of Old and New World, Western Europe, Dzh.-Kashgar, Mongolia, Tibet, India-Himalayas. Described from Norway (Dovrefjell). Note. A polymorphic species, deserving critical study. Var. rubra Maxim. I.c. (= P. lanata var. beketowii Krassn. Spisok (1887) 90; P. gobii Krassn. im Herb.) from Khantengr deserves special attention. Series 4. Albertianae Vved.—Root fascicular, with fusiform thickened fibers. Leaves pinnatisect. inflorescence basipetal. Corolla tube curved. 95. P. alberti Rgl. in Tr. Peterb. bot. sada 6 (1880) 353; Maxim. in Mel. biol. XII, 916, f. 175.—Ic.: Maxim lL.c. Perennial. Root fascicular, with fusiform thickened fibers. Stems 1-2, erect or slightly flexuous, simple, thickset, slightly shining, crispate arachnoid-pubescent, equaling or 1.5 times as long as radical leaves, paleaceous, at base, (5)10-20 cm tall. Radical leaves lanceolate, with isolated crispate hairs along veins, with crispate-ciliate petioles, 1/2 as long as lamina; lamina pinnatisect; segments oblong-lanceolate, often tapering above, slightly decurrent on winged axis, chondroid-pointed, imbricate- lobed, sometimes with overlapping margins; lobes of segments chondroid- pointed, chondroid-denticulate; cauline leaves intensely reduced, alternate, 1-3, subsessile or sessile, uppermost leaves less dissected. Inflorescence elongated, 4-10 cm long, dense, lowermost flowers slightly distant. \ 787 684 Lowermost bracts similar to upper leaves, middle oblong-lanceolate, entire, long acuminate, chondroid-dentate at tip, long crispate-ciliate, uppermost bracts linear, entire. Calyx sessile, campanulate, 5—6 x 10 mm, 10 x 11 mm in fruit, membraneous, with 10 villous veins, with reticulum in between, 1/3 cleft into 5 deltoid-lanceolate, acute, entire teeth, upper tooth shorter. Corolla apparently dull pinkish purple, 15-17 mm long; tube curved near calyx throat; galea erect, without beak and teeth, dorsally slightly concave, slightly convex in front, 2 times as long as lip; lip 3-lobed, small (5S x 5 mm), glabrous, with abruptly short-pointed lobes. Filaments of stamens glabrous or with isolated short hairs. Capsule obliquely ovate, 12 mm long, with hooked beak. Flowering from April to June. Fruiting from May to July (Plate XXXIX, fig. 2). In fir and deciduous forests—Soviet Central Asia: Tien Shan (Trans- Ili Ala-Tau). General distribution: Kuldzha. Described from vicinity of Alma-Ata. Type in Leningrad. Series 5. Foliosae Vved—Root thickened, branched. Leaves pinna- tisect, segments sharply incise-lobed. Corolla tube curved. 96. P. exaltata Bess. ex. Bge. in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III (1847-1849) 296; Schmalh. Fl. II, 288.—P. sumana var. exaltata Limpr. in Fedde, Repert. sp. nov. XX (1924) 201.—P. hacquetii ssp. exaltata Klaster. in Bull. intern. Ces. Akad. XXIX (1928) 215. —P. foliosa auct. fl. Ukrain. and Beloruss.—Ic.: Rchb. Ic. fl. Germ. f. 1774.—Exs.: Fl. Germ. exs. No. 2549. Perennial. Root thickened, branched, with comparatively slender branches. Stem simple, erect, very stout, fistular, ribbed, often longitudi- nally twisted, puberulent above in patches, 100—200 cm tall. Radical leaves large, long-petiolate, glabrous, pinnatisect; segments spaced, lanceolate, acuminate, pinnatipartite; lobes of segments chondroid-pointed, decurrent, regularly chondroid-serrate; cauline leaves reduced upward, gradually transforming into bracts, short-petiolate, or upper leaves sessile. Flow- ers in dense, elongated, many-flowered, spicate inflorescence, sometimes interrupted in lower part. Bracts glabrous, lowermost leaflike, middle lanceolate, pinnatipartite, with chondroid-serrate lobes, longer than flow- ers. Calyx campanulate, undivided, coriaceous, glabrous, villous-ciliate only along margin, about 10 mm long; teeth deltoid, obscure, short. Corolla yellowish, about 25 mm long, sparsely pubescent along galea, with slightly curved tube; galea erect, concave in front, without teeth, 1/2 as long as tube; lip 3-lobed, slightly shorter than galea. Filaments of two stamens villous-pilose. Flowering from June to July. In marshy meadows.—European USSR: Upper Dnieper (Belovezh- skaya Pushcha). Middle Dnieper (Kremenets, Blistova). General distribu- tion: Central Europe. Described from vicinity of Kremenets (?). 788 789 685 97. P. hacquetii Graf in Flora, 17 (1834) 42; Klaster in Bull. intern. Ces. Akad. XXIX (1928) 210.—P. transsilvanica Schkur in Oesterr. Bot. Zeit. XI (1861) 361—P. carpatica Porc. Enum. (1878) 44.—P. foliosa auct. fl. carpat—Ic.: Rchb. Ic. fl. Germ. f. 1775.—Exs.: Fl. exs. austro- hung. No. 2117 (sub P. sumana). Perennial. Root thickened, branched, branches thickened. Stem sim- ple, erect, stout, fistular, ribbed, often longitudinally twisted, leafy mainly in upper part, crispate-pubescent, 20-80 cm tall. Radical leaves large, long- petiolate, glabrous above, somewhat crispate-pubescent beneath along axis and petiole; lamina oblong-ovate, pinnatisect; segments lanceolate, acute, spaced, pinnatipartite; lobes of segments acute, chondroid-pointed, un- equally chondroid-dentate; cauline leaves reduced upward, gradually trans- forming into bracts, short-petiolate or sessile, less dissected. Flowers in dense, many-flowered, cylindrical, spicate inflorescence, sometimes inter- rupted at base. Bracts villous at base, lowermost leaflike, middle linear- lanceolate, coarsely sharply serrate, slightly longer than. flowers. Calyx campanulate, slightly inflated, 1/3—1/2 cleft in front, coriaceous, somewhat crispate-hairy or almost villous, 8-10 mm long; teeth unequal, deltoid, en- tire, several times shorter than tube, or almost indistinct. Corolla yellowish, 20-25 mm long, somewhat pubescent along tube and galea; tube slightly curved, usually pubescent inside; galea erect, concave in front, without teeth, 1/2 as long as tube; lip 3-lobed, approximately equaling galea. Sta- mens with pilose-villous or subglabrous filaments. Capsule ovate, acute, with hard valves, 10-12 mm long. Flowering from June to July. Fruiting from July to August. In alpine and subalpine meadows, at 1300-1850 m.—European USSR: Upper Dniester. General distribution: Central Europe. Described from Up- per Kraina. 98. P. condensata M.B. FI. taur.-cauc. II (1808) 72; Bge. in Ldb. FI. Ross. III, 297; Boiss, Fl. or. IV, 487; Maxim. in Mel. biol. XII, 915, f. 172; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 403.—P. campylisipho C. Koch in Linnaea, XXII (1849) 682 (sec. Boiss. l.c.).—P. tatianae Bordz. in Fedde, Repert. sp. nov. XXXVI (1934) 305.—Ic.: Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. VI, tab. 17.—Exs.: Herb. Fl. Cauc. No. 192; Pl. or. exs. No. 170. Perennial. Root thickened, branched. Stem simple, erect, or slightly bent, rather stout, ribbed, long crispate-hairy, villous under inflorescence, (5)10—30(60) cm tall. Radical leaves with long, long crispate-hairy peti- oles up to 2 times as long as lamina, long crispate-hairy along axis and beneath, especially along veins; lamina oblong, pinnatisect; segments deltoid-lanceolate, spaced, deeply pinnatipartite; lobes of segments very sharp, chondroid-tipped, sharply unequally chondroid-serrate or lobed; cauline leaves crowded mainly in upper part of stem, deltoid-oblong, 790 686 with narrowly winged axis, shorter petioles, upper leaves subsessile, other- wise similar. Flowers in compact, usually elongated, spicate, villous inflo- rescence. Lowermost bracts leaflike, middle shorter than flowers, lance- olate, pinnatipartite, with acute, chondroid-serrate lobes. Calyx tubular- campanulate, somewhat inflated, villous, cleft in front, 10-13 mm long; teeth herbaceous, unequal, deltoid, pointed, entire or rarely 1—2-dentate, 1/3 as long as tube. Corolla yellowish, 23-28 mm long; tube falcate, pilose-villous inside and sometimes also outside, broadened in throat; galea erect, concave in front, without teeth, beakless or with scarcely discernible beak, 1/2 as long as tube; lip 3-lobed, shortly clawed, slightly shorter than galea. Filaments of stamens villous-pilose or two of them, or sometimes all, glabrous. Capsule subovate, subsymmetrical, about 10 mm long. Flowering from June to August. Fruiting from July to August. In subalpine and alpine meadows.—Caucasus: Ciscaucasia, Dagestan, western, eastern and southern Transcaucasia. General distribution: Balkan States-Asia Minor. Described from eastern Caucasus and western Iberia. Type in Leningrad. Note. P. sajanensis Steph. ex. Bge. [in Ldb. Fl. Ross. 3 (1847-1849) 298 in obs.] probably should be included as a synonym of P. condensata, M.B. and hardly originates ex. alp. “Sajanensibus”, as stated on the label in Stephan’s Herbarium. A more distinct rudimentary beak on the galea, as depicted by Maximowicz (op. cit. tab. 171), the feature by which he distin- guishes P. sajanensis from P. condensata in the key, does not fall outside the range of variation of Caucasian plants, as can be observed in the exten- sive material now available. The less curved corolla tube in Maximowicz’s diagram does not explain the real situation, but the pubescence inside the tube can be noted even in the diagnosis of Maximowicz himself. Appar- ently, we have here a mix-up of labels which occurred long ago. Moreover, nothing similar to P. sajanensis or any other species of the group Foliosae has been collected to date either in the Sayans, or generally in Siberia. 99. P. atripurpurea Nordm. in Bull Acad. Sc. Pétersb. II (1837) 313; Bge. in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 298; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 487; Maxim. in Mel. biol. XII, 915, f. 170; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 404.—P. doelingeri- ana Nordm. ex. Bge. in Bull. Acad. Sc. Petersb. VIII (1841) 252 (nomen nudum) and herb.—P. villobracteata C. Koch in Linnaea, XXII (1849) 682 (sec. Boiss. 1.c.).—Ic.: Maxim. l.c.—Exs.: GRF, No. 682. Perennial. Root thickened, branched, with comparatively slender lateral branches. Stem simple, erect, stout, glabrous, crispate-hairy only in upper part, ribbed, 30-70 cm tall. Radical leaves (usually absent) long-petiolate; petioles glabrous, exceeding lamina; lamina oblong, crispate-hairy beneath, pinnatisect; segments lanceolate, deeply pinnatipartite, decurrent, sublinear, sharply chondroid-lobed, lobes sharply 791 687 chondroid-serrate; cauline leaves on upper part of stem, deltoid-ovate, sessile, with pubescent axis, otherwise similar. Flowers in compact, elongated, villous, spicate inflorescence. Bracts (lowermost leaflike) villous along margin, slightly exceeding flowers, linear; lower bracts dentate at tip, upper subentire. Calyx campanulate, slightly inflated, villous, not cleft in front, 9-10 mm long; teeth herbaceous, unequal, deltoid, entire, sharply tapering, 1/2 as long as tube. Corolla dark purple, glabrous, 18—20 mm long; tube scarcely falcate, broadened at throat; galea slightly reclinate, concave in front, with erect teeth under tip, 1/2 as long as tube; lip 3-lobed, rather long clawed, equaling galea. Filaments of stamens villous-pilose, two of them more densely. Capsule ovate, symmetrical, about 10 mm long. Flowering from June to August. Fruiting from July to August (Plate XXXVIII, fig. 2). In subalpine meadows.—Caucasus: Ciscaucasia, western Transcau- casia, eastern Transcaucasia (western part), southern Transcaucasia (7). General distribution: Balkan States-Asia Minor. Described from Adzharia and Akhaltsikh. Type in Leningrad. 100. P. panjutinii E. Busch in Botan. Zhurn. SSSR 20 (1935) 353 cum icon.—Ic.: E. Bush, l.c. Perennial. Root thickened, branched, Stem simple, erect, rarely slightly flexuous, sometimes ascending at base, rather stout, glabrous, villous above and under inflorescence, ribbed, 10-25 cm tall. Radical leaves few if present, long-petiolate, with isolated crispate hairs, oblong, pinnatisect; segments narrowly lanceolate, slightly spaced, acute, sharply deeply serrate-lobed or parted, lobes sometimes serrate; cauline leaves few, abruptly reduced upward, short-petiolate or upper leaves sessile, otherwise similar. Flowers in dense, villous, many-flowered, spicate in- florescence. Bracts villous at base, lowermost sometimes almost leaflike, middle sublinear, cristate-dentate at tip, shorter than flowers. Calyx cam- panulate, villous, slightly cleft in front, 6-8 mm long; teeth broadly deltoid, 1/3 as long as tube. Corolla pinkish purple, 18-22 mm long; tube slightly curved, sparsely villous inside and outside; galea erect, without teeth, 1/2 as long as tube; lip 3-lobed, shortly clawed, slightly villous outside at base, equaling galea. Stamens with villous-pilose filaments. Capsule about 1 cm long. Flowering from July to September. In alpine, sometimes stony meadows.—Caucasus: Ciscaucasia, west- ern Transcaucasia (in upper reaches of Bzyb and Teberda rivers). Endemic. Described from specimens from several places. Panyutin’s specimens are from Yapskh Pass. Type in Leningrad. 101. P. balkharica E. Busch in Tr. Bot. muzeya Akad. Nauk SSSR 19 (1926) 184 cum icon.; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 404.—Ic.: E. Bush, l.c. 792 688 Perennial. Root thickened, branched. Stem simple, erect or flexuous, almost arachnoid-villous, 5-10 cm tall. Radical leaves long-petiolate, almost arachnoid-villous beneath and especially on petioles; lamina lance- olate, pinnatisect; segments crowded, lanceolate, deeply pinnately lobed; lobes abruptly chondroid-pointed, sometimes serrate; cauline leaves 1—2, short-petiolate or subsessile, somewhat reduced, otherwise similar. Flow- ers in dense, spicate, almost arachnoid-villous inflorescence, interrupted in lower part; lowermost flowers with up to 1 cm long pedicels. Bracts often colored, lowermost leaflike, longer than flowers; middle bracts linear-lanceolate, pinnatipartite, approximately equaling flowers, almost arachnoid-villous at base and beneath. Calyx campanulate, 12-15 mm long, almost arachnoid-villous, not cleft in front; teeth spatulate, herba- ceous, acute, sharply dentate (posterior slightly reduced), scarcely shorter than tube. Corolla dull pink, 20-22 mm long, glabrous; tube curved in calyx throat; galea erect, without teeth, 2/3 as long as tube; lip large, 3-lobed, very shortly clawed, 2/3 as long as galea. Stamens with villous- pilose filaments. Capsule obliquely ovate, 12-15 mm long. Flowering from June to July. Fruiting in August. Among debris in alpine zone.-—Caucasus: Ciscaucasia (Balkaria). En- demic. Described from Suukauz Pass. Type in Leningrad. 102. P. wilhelmsiana Fisch. ex M.B. FI. taur.-cauc. III (1819) 412; Bge. in Ldb. FI. Ross. III, 298; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 487; Maxim. in Mel. biol. XII, 915; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III, 404.—Ic.: Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. VI, tab. 16.—Exs.: Herb. Fl. Cauc. No. 193; Pl. or. exs. No. 197. Perennial. Root thickened, branched. Stem simple, erect, stout, long crispate-hairy, sometimes almost villous, 7—25(40) cm tall. Radical leaves numerous, with long crispate-hairy petioles shorter than lamina, long crispate-hairy along axis and beneath, mainly along veins; lamina lance- olate, acuminate, pinnatisect; segments oblong, closer, sometimes imbri- cate, pinnatipartite; lobes chondroid-serrulate or sometimes lobed; cauline leaves usually absent or 1-2, in lower part of stem, similar to radical leaves, but with shorter petioles, or 1-2 under inflorescence, bractlike. Flowers in compact, capitate-spicate, villous inflorescence, sometimes elongated in fruit. Bracts much exceeding flowers, acuminate, villous at base, glabrous above, long crispate-hairy beneath; lower and middle bracts horizontally diverging or recurved, uppermost erect, forming tuft, lower- most linear-lanceolate, deeply pinnatipartite; lobes chondroid-serrulate and lobed, middle bracts sublinear, less dissected. Calyx campanulate, cleft in front, villous, 9-12 mm long; teeth herbaceous, spatulate, acute, sharply dentate (posterior slightly reduced, subdeltoid), equaling tube. Corolla pink, with lower lip yellowish (?) in throat, 18-20 mm long, glabrous; tube curved at right angle in calyx throat, dorsally slightly concave; galea 793 689 erect, without teeth, slightly shorter than tube; lip shortly clawed, 3-lobed, at least 1/2 as long as galea. Filaments of stamens pilose-villous, two of them sparsely so. Capsule obliquely oblong-ovate, 10-12 mm long. Flowering from May to June. Fruiting from June to July. In subalpine and alpine meadows.—Caucasus: Ciscaucasia, western Transcaucasia (northern part), eastern and southern Transcaucasia. General distribution: Balkan States-Asia Minor. Described from Beshtau Mountain. Type in Leningrad. Series 6. Capitatae Vved.—Rootstock slender, ascending. Leaves pin- natisect. Lip parallel to galea; corolla tube erect. 103. P. capitata Adams in Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. V (1817) 100; Bge. in Ldb. FI. Ross. III, 301; Maxim. in Mél. Biol. XII, 912, f. 163; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2527.—P. stelleriana Pall. in herb—Ic.: Trautv. Imag. Fl. Ross. tab. 36; Maxim. I.c. Perennial. Root fibers filiform. Rootstock slender, funiform, ascend- ing. Stem erect, sparsely crispate-hairy, 5—15 cm tall. Radical leaves few, about 1/2 as long as stem, scattered crispate-pubescent, petiolate; laminaoblong-lanceolate or oblong, slightly shorter than petiole, pinna- tisect; segments oblong, pinnately lobed, crenate; cauline leaves usually absent or rarely 1(2). with shorter petioles, somewhat reduced. Bracts with short broadened petioles, lower leaflike, upper with reduced, less dissected lamina. Flowers in few-flowered capitate inflorescence. Calyx campanulate, crispate-hairy, 10-12 mm long; teeth herbaceous, subspatu- late, dentate (posterior somewhat reduced, deltoid, entire), 1/2—2/3 as long as tube. Corolla white or yellowish (?), often with pink lip and galea or pink throughout (?), 20-35 mm long; galea subfalcate, 2 times as long as erect tube, with very short, obtuse beak; lip 3-lobed, long and broad clawed, hairy inside at base, 2/3 as long as galea and parallel to it. Fila- ments of stamens pubescent at base. Capsule obliquely oblong, 10-15 mm long. Flowering from July to August. Fruiting in August. In tundra and in alpine meadows.—Arctic Region: Arctic Siberia, Chukotka, Anadyr. Eastern Siberia: Lena-Kolyma (northern part); Soviet Far East: Kamchatka, Okhotsk. General distribution: North America. De- scribed from mouth of Lena River. Type in Leningrad. Note. Komarov writes [Fl. Kamch. 3 (1930) 86] “corolla... white or yellowish white . . . lip pinkish violet at tip” and further: “distinguished . . . by long white corolla.” It is often difficult to distinguish the color of the corolla in dried Pedicularis, therfore it is impossible to say what the color of the Kamchatka plant is according to the personal report of Gorodkov, who repeatedly collected this species from coastal regions of the Arctic Ocean, this species has whitish yellow flowers and never has any pink shade. On the contrary, Vasilev, who observed it several times along the 794 690 coast of the Sea of Okhotsk, asserts that the flowers are always pink. Judging from herbaria, the plant from the vicinity of Verkhoyansk also has pink flowers. Polunin [Bot. Canad. East. Arct. 1 (1940) 338] reports, citing also other researchers of the American Arctic, a pale yellow corolla with a purple galea tip. Thus, additional special observations are needed for a final solution of the question of the synonymy of P. capitata Adams and P. nelsonii R. Br. Section 6. Sceptrum Bge. in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III (1847-1849) 268.—Lip parallel to galea. Anthers obtuse. Capsule globose, symmetrical. 104. P. sceptrum-carolinum L. Sp. pl. (1753) 608; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2526.—P. sceptrum Bge. in Ldb. FI. Ross. III, 302; Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXIV, 2, 350; Maxim. in Mél. biol. XII, 214.—Ic.: Rchb. Ic. fl. Germ. tab. 1763.—Exs.: Pl. pol. exs. No. 258; Pl. Finl. exs. No. 1339; Fl. exs. austro-hung. No. 1399. Perennial. Root fibers thin. Stem erect, glabrous or with scattered short hairs, leafless or moderately leafy, 30-70 cm tall. Radical leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, glabrous or with scattered short hairs, short-petiolate, deeply pinnatipartite; lobes broadly ovate, obtuse, crenately notched, lacinules chondroid-crenate; cauline leaves in lower part of stem, alternate, opposite or whorled, short-petiolate or sessile, less incised, otherwise similar; upper leaves (if present) bractlike. Inflorescence lax, spicate, with subsessile flowers, 7-20 cm long. Bracts ovate, slightly exceeding calyx, denticulate, sometimes subentire. Calyx 12-14 mm long, herbaceous with 10 fine veins, with 5 equal, deltoid-ovate, chondroid-dentate teeth, 1/3 as long as tube. Corolla 34-37 mm long, yellow, sometimes violet at tip of lower lip; galea smoothly moderately falcate, without teeth, villous-ciliate in front, scarcely exceeding lip; lip 3-lobed, entire, obovate. Filaments of stamens glabrous, subobtuse. Capsule about 15 mm long, globose, with tapering erect tip. Flowering from July to August. Fruiting in August. In marshes and damp meadows.—Arctic Region: Arctic Europe, Arctic Siberia, European USSR: Karelia-Lapland, Dvina-Pechora, Baltic Region, Ladoga-IImen, Upper Volga, Volga-Kama, Upper Dnieper, Middle Dnieper, Volga-Don, Upper Dniester, Urals; Western Siberia: Ob’ Region, Irtysh; Eastern Siberia: Lena-Kolyma, Angara-Sayan, Dauria; Soviet Far East: Okhotsk, Zeya-Bureya, Uda Region, Ussuri, Sakhalin. General dis- tribution: Scandinavia, Central Europe, Mongolia, Japan-China. Described from Sweden, “Prussia” and Russia. Note. A polymorphic species, the thorough study of which is hindered in the herbarium by the preservation of the corolla color. On detailed critical analysis, it splits into several species, one of which is also P. pubescens Pai [Contr. Inst. Bot. Acad. Peiping. 2 (1934) 125]. 795 691 Section 7. Diacmandra Bge. in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III (1847-1849) 268.—Lip parallel to galea. Anthers spurred at base. Capsule compressed, subsymmetrical. 105. P. grandiflora Fisch. in Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. III (1812) 60; Bge. in Ldb. FI. Ross. III, 303; Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXIV, 2, 351; Maxim in Mél. biol. XII, 913, f. 162.—Jc.: Maxim. |.c.; Kom. and Alis. Opred. rast. Dalnevost. kr. II, tabl. 278 —Exs.: Pl. Amur. and Zeaen. No. 40. Perennial. Root stout. Stem erect, very thick, flexuous, ribbed, glabrous, branched from base, up to 80 cm tall. Leaves alternate, peti- olate, 3-pinnatisect, glabrous, with incised segments; lobes of segments linear, sharply chondroid-denticulate. Flowers on pedicels (up to 15 mm long in lower flowers) in lax racemose inflorescence at stem and branch tips. Lower bracts leaflike, but intensely reduced, upper 3-partite, with lateral lobes dissected into linear lobules; middle lobe large, rhombic- ovate, dentate. Calyx 8 mm long, campanulate, glabrous, herbaceous, with 10 fine veins, 5- toothed; teeth acute, entire, deltoid, reflexed along margin, 1/2 as long as tube. Corolla apparently yellow, 23-35 mm long, glabrous; galea curved in upper half, villous-ciliate, almost equaling lip; lip 3-lobed, obovate, serrate in front. Stamens with glabrous filaments; anthers with acute spurs. Capsule 12 mm long, suborbicular, abruptly tapering into short beak. Flowering from July to August. Fruiting in August. In marshes and damp meadows.—Eastern Siberia: Dauria; Soviet Far East: Uda Region, Zeya-Bureya, Ussuri, Sakhalin. General distribution: northeast of China, northern China. Described without mentioning country. Genus 1362. SIPHONOSTEGIA!:2 Benth. Benth. in Hook. and Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. (1835) 203; Boiss. Fl. or. IV, 470.—? Lesquereuxia Boiss. and Reut. in Boiss. Diagn. pl. or. ser. 1, No. 12 (1833) 43; ser. 2, No. 6 (1859) 132.—Prismatanthus Hook. and Arn.l.c. Flowers axillary, solitary, short-pedicellate or subsessile, forming al- most unilateral racemes at ends of virgate branches. Bracteoles 2. Calyx long tubular, slightly narrowed toward limb, with 10(11) very prominent keeled ribs; lobes of limb 5 (rarely 6), subequal, diverging, oblong-linear, leaflike; limb almost bilabiate, upper lip 3-partite, lower 2-partite. Corolla yellow or purple, slightly longer than calyx; tube long, cylindrical or 1 Treatment by V.F. Golubkova. 2 From the Greek siphon—tube, and stege—casing, alluding to long tubular calyx. 796 797 692 slightly inflated; throat open, limb bilabiate; upper lip galealike, com- pressed, entire or slightly sinuate, with undeflexed margin, equaling lower lip; lower lip slightly diverging, shortly 3-lobed, with two hollow palates at base in form of longitudinal folds. Stamens 4, included under galea, didynamous or subequal, anther lobes obtuse or subobtuse at base, or with very minute cusps. Style filiform; stigma subcapitate, scarcely emarginate. Capsule enclosed in calyx, oblong-linear, subacute, compressed, biloc- ular and bivalved, loculicidal, with septum consisting of two semisep- tums, freely converging in middle of capsule. Seeds numerous, minute, reticulate-rugose. Annual or biennial herbs, pubescent with simple hairs, sometimes mixed with glandular hairs. Leaves almost opposite or upper alternate, petiolate, entire or pinnatisect. This genus includes four species, of which one grows in Asia Minor, three in Central and East Asia. 1. S. chinensis Benth. in Hook. and Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. (1835) 203; DC. Prodr. X, 538; Maxim. Prim. Fl. Amur. 208; Kom. Fl. Man’chzh. III, 459, 461; Kom. and Alis. Opred. rast. Dalnevost. kr. II, 934.—I/c.: Benth. in Hook. and Arn. l.c. tab. 44.—Exs.: GRF, No. 2363. Annual or biennial. Root branched. Stems 15-70 cm tall, erect, rigid, generally single, or rarely few, simple or with few appressed branches in upper part, densely leafy, sparsely pubescent below with simple hairs mixed with long-stalked glands or subglabrous, rather densely covered in upper part with short recurved hairs, sometimes reddish. Radical leaves 0.7—5 cm long, 0.3-6 cm broad at base, lower and middle leaves almost opposite, uppermost alternate, narrowed at base into 3-12 mm long peti- ole, 3-4-pinnatisect; lobes divaricate, linear, dentate or entire, subacute, appressed hispidulous and with stalked glands on both surfaces, along margin and beneath mainly along veins, rarely subglabrous. Floral leaves less dissected, uppermost sometimes 3-lobed, shorter than or (lower) equaling calyx. Flowers in axils of upper leaves on appressed-puberulent, 2-6 mm long pedicels, forming 3-18 cm long raceme. Bracts linear, 4—12 mm long, about 1 mm broad, 1/2 as long as calyx tube or shorter, subacute, hispidulous. Calyx 15-25 mm long, tube 10-18 mm long, with dark green ribs, passing alternately from calyx base toward middle of lobes of limb and between them, whitish scarious between ribs, shortly asperate outside, mainly along ribs due to recurved hairs, glabrous within, lobes of limb oblong, 4-9 mm long, dark green, with vein passing along middle into rib of tube below, slightly thickened or scarcely recurved along margin, shortly setose-asperate outside, mainly along margin and midrib, and completely so inside. Corolla dull yellow, 22-31 mm long; tube narrow, broadened at throat, equaling calyx or slightly longer; galea short, 5-7 mm long, falcate, truncate at tip, brownish, with scattered long 693 hairs outside; lobes of lower lip orbicular, entire, 3-4 mm long and broad (middle slightly larger), puberulent outside. Corolla appressed-hairy inside only in upper part of tube and in throat. Stamens included, lower slightly longer than upper; filaments half adnate with corolla tube, scattered pu- berulent in lower portion of free part; anthers sagittate or oblong, 2-3 mm long, lobes glabrous, obtuse. Style long, slightly thickened above, curved. Capsule 14-18 mm long, 34 mm broad, glabrous, with short beak. Seeds about 1 mm long and 0.5 mm broad, transversely reticulate-rugose, narrowly bordered along one margin. July to September. Along dry mountain slopes, in forest and inundated meadows in stony soils, in pebbly and sandy places in valleys of rivers and lakes.—Soviet Far East: Zeya-Bureya, Ussuri. General distribution: Japan, China, Ti- bet. Described from Macao Island (Japan) and adjacent islands. Type in London. Genus 1363. BUNGEA!? C.A.M. C.A.M. Verz. Pflanz. Cauc. Casp. Meer (1831) 108; Maxim. in Mém. Acad. Sc. Pétersb. VII sér. XXIX, 3 (1881) 59. Calyx with two bracteoles, with short tube, 8-10 prominent ribs and 4 leaflike long lobes. Corolla bilabiate; upper lip galealike, pointed or bidentate; lower lip 3-lobed. Stamens 4, didynamous; anthers glabrous, lobes transverse, similar, pointed below. Capsule ovate, pointed, shortly loculicidal, almost bilocular at tip as a result of very prominent placentae. Seeds few, rather large, inserted near base, ascending on side, oblong- deltoid, thickened along margin. Perennial herbs with entire opposite lower leaves, 3-partite upper leaves, with sessile flowers in leaf axils. This genus includes two species, found in Transcaucasia, Asia Mi- nor and western Tien Shan (Maksimovich assigned Bungea scheareri S. Moore, described from China, to genus Monochasma Maxim.). 1. Upper corolla lip acute, with tooth on either side below tip, lobes of lower lip acute; corolla yellowish (Caucasia)l. B. trifida (Vahl) C.A.M. 798 + Upper lip very shortly 2-lobed at tip, lobes of lower lip short, obtuse; corolla reddish (Soviet Central Asia2. B. vesiculifera (Herd.) Schischk. 1. B. trifida (Vahl) C.A.M. Verz. Pflanz. Cauc. Casp. Meer (1831) 108; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 556; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 265; Maxim. in Mém. Acad. Sc. Pétersb. VII sér. XXIX, 3, 59; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. II, 1 Treatment by B.K. Schischkin. 2Named after the famous Russian horticulturist-taxonomist and traveler Aleksandr Andreevich Bunge (1803-1890). 799 694 405.—B. szovitsii Gdgr. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. XI (1914) 45.—Bartsia tri- fida Spreng. Syst. veg. II (1825) 773.—Rhinanthus trifidus Vahl, Symb. I (1790) 44.—Ic.: Maxim. l.c. tab. 3, f. 1-10—Exs.: Herb. Fl. Cauc. No. 104. Perennial. Root thick, woody, multiheaded, with reduced shoots in old specimens, thickly covered with scales, producing flower-bearing stems and young shoots also with scale leaves. Scale leaves alternate, obovate or ovate, 3-veined, blackish membranous, with light yellow pubescence along margin, transformed above into opposite connivent leaves. Stem erect, 5-16 cm tall, somewhat densely hispid. Lower cauline leaves nar- rowly lanceolate often 3-partite at tip or up to 1/2 into 1-2 cm long, 2-3 mm broad lobes, abruptly transforming into larger leaves with lin- ear, acuminate, 3-4 cm long and 1-2 mm broad lobes, somewhat densely pubescent. Flowers short-pedicellate in leaf axils, forming compact inflo- rescence, up to 1/2—2/3 as long as stem. Bracteoles linear, directly under calyx. Calyx 2.8-4 cm long, pubescent or crispate-hairy only along margin or dorsally; calyx lobes linear, acute, single-veined, several times exceed- ing tube. Corolla yellow, markedly shorter than calyx, 2.5—-3.5 cm long, rather densely pubescent inside and outside, bilabiate; upper lip with two hairy stripes inside, lower lip longer than upper, spreading, up to 1/3 or 1/2 divided into narrowly deltoid, pointed lobes, pubescent inside. Stamens shorter than upper lip, inserted below middle of tube; anthers almost par- allel, obovate-oblong, pointed at base. Style almost equaling upper lip. Capsule tapering into beak, 1.6—1.7 cm long including beak, surrounded by withered corolla. Seeds about 4 mm long, ovate or rhombic, rugose, somewhat compressed. May to June. On stony slopes, in alkaline deserts——Caucasus: southern Transcau- casia, Talysh. General distribution: Armenia-Kurdistan, Iran, Asia Minor. Described from Armenia. Type in Paris. Note. Maximowicz (l.c.) reported variation of this species in relation to size of calyx and corolla, pubescence, etc. With available material, it is hardly possible to separate individual races. 2. B. vesiculifera (Herd.) Schischk. comb. nov.—B. turkestanica Maxim. in Mém. Acad. Sc. Petersb. VI ser. XXIX, 3 (1881) 61; Fedtsch. Rast. Turkest. 699.—Ajuga vesiculifera Herd. in Rgl. and Herd. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. I (1868) 71. Perennial. Root thick, woody, multiheaded. Scales on reduced shoots diffusely pubescent. Stem 10—25 cm tall, obscurely puberulent. Lower leaves almost alternate, lanceolate-linear, simple, 1.5—2 cm long, 3 mm broad; other leaves opposite, as long as lower leaves, 3-partite almost up to base, with linear, acuminate, 1 mm broad lobes, longer than internodes, sometimes with short sterile shoots in axils. Flowers on very short pedicels, 800 695 forming 2.5-6 cm long raceme; floral leaves similar to cauline leaves, about 3 cm long, almost exceeding calyx. Bracteoles linear, equaling calyx or slightly longer. Calyx 22 mm long, cleft up to middle into deltoid lobes tapering from middle. Corolla equaling calyx, reddish; upper lip shortly bilobed at tip, lower lip broadly ovate, 3-lobed. Stamens 4, inserted in lower half of tube; anthers, ovary and style similar to those in preceding species. Capsule broadly elliptical, 10 mm long. Seeds oblong, smooth. June to July. On stony and rubbly slopes.—Soviet Central Asia: Tien Shan (Ta- las, Angren, Tashkent, Karatau, Mogol-tau ranges), Syr Darya (Saryagach Station). Endemic. Described from Karatau Range between Boroldai and Bugun rivers. Type in Leningrad. Genus 1364. CYMBARIA! ? L. L. Sp. pl. (1753) 618; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 556, p.p.; Benth. and Hook. Gen. pl. II, 975, p.p.; Ldb. Fl. Ross. II, 1, 264, p.p.—Cymbaria section b. Eucymba Endl. Gen. (1839) 693; Rchb. Nom. Gen. pl. (1841) 115; Walp. Rep. III (1844-1845) 399. Flowers large, few, on rather long pedicels, solitary in axils of mid- dle trisected leaves. Calyx tubular-campanulate, 10(12)-ribbed, cleft up to 1/2 or more into 5 (sometimes 6) narrow and long, linear-lanceolate or lanceolate-subulate lobes, with shorter additional lobes between gaps. Corolla large, yellow, open at throat, much longer than calyx, campanulate- infundibuliform; tube elongated, inflated slightly above base, almost equal- ing limb or slightly longer; limb bilabiate, upper lip galeate, bilobed, with broad replicate lobes; lower lip with 3 broad, orbicular, recurved lobes, with two hollow palates. Stamens 4, inserted at base of corolla tube or slightly higher, didynamous; two lower stamens longer, almost equaling, or slightly shorter than upper corolla lip; two upper stamens shorter, slightly exceeding corolla tube; filaments broadened and lanate at base; anthers oblique, drooping, sagittate, with lobes free in lower part, cuspidate at base, free above, obtuse, Style filiform, equaling or longer than corolla, curved at tip; stigma subcapitate. Capsule bilocular, bivalved, loculicidal, ovate, with or without beak, coriaceous. Seeds few, irregularly angular, minute, smooth, with narrowly winged border. Perennial short herbs, almost semi- shrubs with sericeous gray or whitish tomentose- villous pubescence. Root almost woody, multiheaded at neck, with imbricate, short, brown scales. Stems numerous, erect, leafy, covered with short, brownish scale leaves at base. Leaves opposite, linear or lanceolate, acute, entire or (middle floral leaves) trisected, sessile. 1 Treatment by V.F. Golubkova. 2 From the Greek cymbos—cavity, since corolla tube is inflated above base. 801 696 This genus:comprises four species, growing in central and eastern Asia. 1. C. dahurica L. Sp. pl. (1753) 618; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 1, 264; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 556; Tutcz. Fl. baic.-dah. II, 2, 353; Kom. Fl. Man’chzh. III, 437, 461; Kryl. Fl. Zap. Sib. X, 2528.—lIc.: Pall. ex Schlecht. in Nees, Horae Phys. Berol. tab. 21; Maxim. in Mém. Acad. Sc. Pétersb. sér. VII, XXIX, 3, tab. 4, f. 1-10.— Exs.: GRF, No. 476a, 476b. Perennial. Root vertical, longitudinally fissured and with reddish brown peeling bark. Plant gray or whitish due to dense, long and fine, silky, appressed hairs, especially dense on stems and upper leaves. Stems 8-20 cm tall, bearing flowers in middle or higher, numerous, rarely sin- gle, erect, cylindrical, leafy, simple or with slightly diverging, opposite, sterile branches appearing from leaf axils. Leaves sessile, 1.5-3 cm long, 1-5 mm broad; lower leaves lanceolate, upper linear-lanceolate, gradually tapering above and ending into small mucro, entire; middle floral leaves deeply dissected into 3 lobes, with lateral lobes shorter and narrower; all leaves pubescent on both surfaces. Flowers 1-4, on 4—5 mm long pedicels, about 1.5 mm across, appearing from middle leaf axils. Calyx 1.5-2.5 cm long, with two linear-lanceolate, acuminate, 1.3-2 cm long, 24 mm broad bracteoles on sides at base, equaling calyx or almost so, campanulate, slightly inflated, dissected up to middle or slightly more into 5 (very rarely 6) subequal, lanceolate-subulate sharp-pointed lobes, with shorter addi- tional tooth between each gap, and with 2, or even 3 teeth between some gaps, appressed-lanate like entire plant outside and on teeth inside: tube covered inside with minute, very short-stalked glands and, mainly along veins, with sparse, fine, long hairs. Corolla large, 3.5-6 cm long, 2.5-3 times as long as calyx, bright yellow; tube equaling limb; upper lip narrowly galeate, shallowly incised into two broad and short, orbicular, replicate, 8-12 mm broad lobes; lower lip with 3 broad, obovate lobes 10-15 mm long, 8-15 mm broad, scarcely pointed at tip; outer corolla surface, except- ing replicate lobes of upper lip, less densely pubescent than calyx, with long, appressed, grayish-white hairs in addition to short-stalked or sessile glands; inner corolla surface diffusely appressed-hairy only in throat, otherwise glabrous. Stamens under upper lip, inserted slightly above base of tube; lower stamens almost equaling upper corolla lip, upper slightly exceeding tube; anthers 3-5 mm long, puberulent above at tip. Style exserted, filiform. Capsule slightly shorter than calyx teeth, 10-15 mm long, 6-10 mm broad, ovate, slightly compressed on sides, with or without beak. Seeds 3-4 mm long, 1.5—2.5 mm broad, ovate-trigonous. May to July. Rubbly mountain slopes, debris, rubbly and sandy steppes, pebble beds.—Eastern Siberia: all regions. General distribution: Mongolia, Tibet, Japan, China. Described from Dauria. Type in London. 802 697 Genus 1365. CVMBOCHASMA? (Endl.) Klok. and Zoz Klok. and Zoz in Uch. zap. Khar’k. univ. No. 2-3 (1935) 147; Vizn. ros]. URSR (1950) 399.—Cymbaria section a. Cymbochasma Endl. Gen. (1839) 693; Rchb. Nom. Gen. pl. (1841) 115 (“Cymbochasma”); Walp. Rep. Ill (1844-1845) 398. Cymbaria L. in Benth. in DC. Prodr. X (1846) 556, p.p.; Benth. and Hook. Gen. pl. II (1876) 975, p.p.; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 1, 264, p.p. Flowers large, few, on short pedicels, solitary in axils of lower leaves at stem base. Bracteoles two. Calyx tubular-campanulate, 10-ribbed, dis- sected up to middle into 5 broadly subulate lobes, intermediate lobes ab- sent. Corolla large, yellow, much longer than calyx, open at throat; tube elongated, gradually broadened and inflated above, 2 times as long as limb; limb bilabiate; upper lip scaphoid, entire, acute, with margins narrowly de- flexed along sides; lower lip with 3 short, subdeltoid lobes and with two hollow palates, lobes narrow, recurved. Stamens 4, didynamous, lower sta- mens longer with exserted anthers; filaments inserted slightly above base of corolla tube, broadened at base and lanate; anthers oblique, sagittate, free in lower part and cuspidate, slightly diverging, connate at tip, obtuse. Style longer than corolla, curved above, with subcapitate stigma. Capsule biloc- ular, bivalvate, loculicidal, ovate or oblong-ovate, compressed on sides. Seeds broad-bordered, elliptical, flat. Perennial short herbs, almost semi- shrubs, with densely grayish or whitish silky tomentose pubescence, with multiheaded root, covered with imbricate, short, brown scales near neck. Stems simple, numerous, erect, leafy, with short, brownish scale leaves at base. Leaves opposite, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, all entire. Monotypic genus; discovery of second species is possible. 1. C. borysthenica (Pall.) Klok. and Zoz, in Uch. zap. Khar’k. univ. No. 2-3 (1935) 141; Vizn. rosl. URSR, 400.—Cymbaria borysthenica Pall. ex Schlecht. in Nees, Hor. Phys. Berol. (1820) 109; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 556; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 1, 264; Schmalh. FI. II, 284.—Ic.: Pall. ex Schlecht. l.c. tab. 21; Maxim. in Mém. Acad. Sc. Pétersb. sér. VII, XXIX, 3, tab. 4, f. 21-24.—Exs.: GRF, No. 1081. Perennial. Plant densely covered throughout with grayish or whitish silvery tomentum. Root creeping, obliquely descending only near neck. Stem 3-10(15) cm tall, erect, simple, cylindrical, rather densely leafy, flowers appearing at base. Leaves (4)5—20 mm long, 1-3 mm broad, linear- lanceolate, acuminate, entire, tomentose on both surfaces. Flowers 1-4, in ' Treatment by V.F. Golubkova. 2 From the Greek cymbos—cavity, and chasma—throat, since corolla tube is gradually broadened and inflated at throat. 803 698 axils of lowermost leaves on 1-2 mm long pedicels. Bracteoles 2, sessile at calyx base on sides, shorter than calyx, similar to cauline leaves in size, shape and pubescence. Calyx 10-17 mm long, campanulate, dissected up to half or slightly more into 5 subequal, deltoid-linear, mucronate lobes. Corolla 25-35 mm long, 2-2.5 times as long as calyx, pale yellow; tube about 2/3 as long as corolla; upper lip scaphoid, entire, exceeding lower, with 1 mm broad margin deflexed along sides; 3 lobes of lower lip sub- equal, 2-4 mm long, 1.5-2.5 mm broad. Stamens under upper corolla lip, inserted slightly above base of tube; lower stamens exserted, almost equaling upper corolla lip; upper stamens included in corolla tube, equaling it or slightly exserted; anthers 2-3 mm long. Style exserted. April to May. Steppes, stony places and ravines——European USSR: Black Sea Re- gion, Lower Don? Crimea? Endemic. Described from Kamennaya Balka near Berislav (now Kachkarovka) and Burgunt River between Dnieper and Bug. Type in Berlin. Note. Schmalhauzen (1.c.) reports the species Cymbaria borysthenica Pall. from Crimea. Dokhman [in Izv. Bot. sada SSSR, XXIX (1930) 543] reports the discovery of this plant near the Salo-Manych Divide. Klokov and Zoz (l.c.), on comparing specimens of Cymbochasma borysthenica (Pall.) Klok. and Zoz with diagrams of plants sent by Dokhman, collected by her near the Salo-Manych Divide, suggest that the latter is a separate similar species, distinguished by several features, including a corolla tube with a constriction at the level of the calyx teeth above the palate situated below (and not gradually broadened), lobes of lower lip broadly orbicular, broader than long (and not ligulate or sharply deltoid and longer than broad), capsule rounded at tip (and not obtuse conical) and so on. The material needs further study. We did not see plants from Crimea and the Salo-Manych Divide. Genus 1366. LATHRAEA! 2 L. L. Gen. pl. ed. 5 (1754) 661. Flowers in racemes, in axils of covering scales on distinct pedicels, ebracteolate. Calyx campanulate, 4-toothed. Corolla tubular, slightly broadened upward, bilabiate; upper lip entire, keeled, lower 3-lobed. Stamens slightly exserted. Ovary with nectary in front near base in form of fleshy semiround scale (bag). Placentae two, bicornuate or reniform in transverse section. Style long, with discoid concave stigma. Parasite on roots of trees and shrubs, with succulent rootstock of flesh-white color, 1 Treatment by I.V. Novopokrovsky. 2 From the Greek lathraios—concealed. 804 805 699 densely covered with decussate scales, recurved from tip, with fanlike diverging glandular cavities. Eurasian genus with six species, of which only one grows in the USSR, belonging to section Squamaria Dumort., distinguished from the other section Clandestina Scop. (absent in our flora) by smaller but more numerous flowers, usually numerous seeds and a nectary not in the form of ring surrounding the ovary, but in the form of a tubercle in front at the base of the ovary. 1. L. squamaria L. Sp. pl. (1753) 605; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 323; Schmalh. Fl. II, 292; Maevsk. Fl. 621, fig. 244; G. Beck in Pflanzenr. IV, 261, 319; f. 21-22; Grossh. Fl. Kavk. 14.—Ic.: Syreistsch. Ill. fl. Mosk. gub. III, 174; Fedch. and Fler. Fl. Evrop. Ross., fig. 874; G. Beck, l.c.—Exs.: GRF, No. 782. Perennial. Rootstock branched, branches up to 1 cm thick, densely covered with fleshy, short and broad, ovate, obtuse scales. Flowering stem (including inflorescence) up to 30 cm tall, thick, succulent, with few alter- nate scales, with only inflorescence appearing above ground. Epigeal part of plant reddish, glandular-hairy, terminating into comparatively long, spi- cate raceme drooping at tip, dense at first, lax in fruit. Flowers 15-17 mm long on up to 1 cm long pedicels, drooping (horizontal in var. major C. Koch = var. erecta Boiss.), chasmogamous, underground part cleis- togamous. Bract scales alternate, distichous-imbricate, rhombic, narrowly cunneate toward base, obtuse-angular pointed at tip, lilac-pink, paler along margin, angular pointed at tip, lilac-pink, paler along margin, almost as long as calyx. Calyx campanulate, 4-fid, pinkish lilac, sparsely glandular- pubescent along with pedicels; teeth broadly deltoid, acute, two posterior ovate, broader and longer, others ovate-lanceolate, Corolla tubular, slightly broadened upward, glabrous, slightly exceeding calyx, red, crimson-tinted; lower lip often whitish; upper lip carinate (keeled)-compressed, entire, dull pink in var. major C. Koch; lower lip with 3 erect, short, obtuse lobes. Corolla tube erect or (in var. major) slightly S-shaped. Stamens inserted almost near corolla throat; filaments covered with short papilli- form hairs; anthers slightly exserted, lobes somewhat pilose (white- hairy in var. major C. Koch), narrowed at tip into short cusp. Ovary ovate, ta- pering into rather long, glabrous style; stigma capitate-discoid, with trans- verse groove. Capsule as long as calyx, with numerous orbicular seeds, 1-1.3 mm in diameter, gray when fresh, brownish when dry. April to May. In forests—European USSR: Baltic Region, Ladoga-Ilmen, Volga- Kama, Upper Volga, Upper Dnieper, Middle Dnieper, Volga-Don, Black Sea Region, Crimea; Caucasus: Ciscaucasia, Dagestan, western and east- erm Transcaucasia. General distribution: Scandinavia, Central and Atlantic 700 Europe, Mediterranean Region, Balkan States-Asia Minor, Iran, India- Himalayas. Described from Switzerland. Type in London. Note. Plant becomes black on drying. Corylus avellana L. (most com- mon), Alnus glutinosa Gartn., A. incana Monch, Fagus, Fraxinus excelsior L. (?) are reported as host plants. Beck adds also Populus alba L., P. nigra L., and P. tremula L. All epigeal parts dry up after the flowering stage. ADDENDA XXI DIAGNOSES PLANTARUM NOVARUM IN TOMO XXII FLORAE URSS COMMEMORATARUM* * Reproduced from the Russian original —Translator. ae VERONICA L. 1. Sect. Macrostemon Boriss. sect. nov. Inflorescentia densa, brevis, capitata vel oblonga, spiciformis, termi- nalis; pedicelli breves vel flores subsessiles; calyx quinquepartitus; corolla tubo brevi; capsula subcomplanata, apice obtusa vel subemarginata; sem- ina plana vel planiconvexa rotundata vel elliptica. Folia opposita, supe- riora interdum alterna tempore florendi approximata, sessilia vel breviter petiolata. Herbae perennes, non elatae, vel suffrutices inter dum caespites densos formantes. Typus sectionis: V. macrostemon Bge. 2. Sect. Stenocarpon Boriss. sect. nova. Inflorescentia terminalis densa, capitata vel corymbiformis; flores subsessiles; calyx quinquepartitus; tubus corollae brevis, stylus saepius brevis et erectus; capsula vix complanata, longitudo latitudinem super- ans, apicem versus saepius attenuata et acutiuscula, ad 4 partes de- hiscens. Semina parva, ovata, basi attenuata, apice obtusiuscula. Fo- lia ovata vel lanceolata, acuta, sessilia, remota. Herbae altimontanae, perennes. Typus sectionis: V. ciliata Fisch. PEDICULARIS L. 3. P. arguteserrata Vved. sp. n. Perennis. Radix abbreviata, fibris funiculatis; caules saepius pauci, simplices, erecti, nitentes, quadrifariam pubescentes, foliorum verticillis 2-3 vestiti, 10-30 cm alt.; folia radicalia interdum nulla, longe petiolata, caulibus 2—3-plo breviora, ambitu lanceolata, pinnatisecta, villis solitariis obsita, segmentis distantibus, lineari-lanceolatis vel sublinearibus, acutis arguteserratis vel interdum subintegris, caulina verticillata vel infima op- posita, breviter petiolata vel sessilia, caeterum similia; bracteae infimae foliaceae floribus longiores, mediae et superiores eis breviores, basi di- latatae villosae, ambitu deltoideae, tripartitae, partitionibus laxe serratis, media interdum interatim tripartita. Calyx breviter pedicellatus, eampanu- latus, 6-7 mm lg., saepe violaceo suffusus, superne membranaceus, villo- sus, dentibus e triangulari basi linearibus, acutis, tubo paullo brevioribus; corolla roseo-violacea, 17-18 mm lg., tubo ad os calycis infracto, galea subrecta labio lato trilobato, 7-8 mm longo paullo breviore; filamenta dua pilosa; capsula oblique late oblonga in rostrum breve suberectum subito angustata. 704 Affinitas. Species e grege P. amoena s. |., a P. amoena Adams et P. macrochila Vved. labio breviore, a P. Korolkovii Rgl. fibris radicalibus tenuioribus ab omnibus congregibus serraturae foliorum indole differt. H abit at in pratis nemoralibus in montibus Sibiriae australis et Mongoliae septentrionalis, nec non in montibus Uralensibus. T y pus. Jugum Sajanense, lacus Man, 1912 VI 21, fil. Tugarinov (Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sc. URSS conservatur). 4. P. amoeniflora Vved. sp. n. Perennis. Radix robusta, ramosa, saepe multiceps; caules simplices, erecti vel adscendentes, sat crassi, glabri, sub inflorescentiam longe villosi, foliorum verticillis 2(3) vestiti, 5-15 cm alt.; folia radicalia nulla, caulina verticillata, infima opposita, petiolis lamina brevioribus suffulta, glabra vel laxe araneoso-pilosa, ambitu lanceolata, pinnatisecta vel pinnatipartita, segmentis triangulari-oblongis vel triangulari-lanceolatis ad rachidem den- tatam decurrentibus, acutis acute inaequaliter lobatis vel grosse dentatis. Inflorescentia pluriflora, densissima, saepius elongata; bracteae lanceolatae integrae vel summa apice denticulatae, subaraneoso-ciliatae, floribus multo breviores; calyx late campanulatus, 10-12 mm lg., glabriusculus, dentibus acutissimis, integris, subaraneoso-ciliatis, tubo duplo brevioribus; corolla rosea, 20 mm lg., tubo ad os calycis sub angulo recto vel subrecto infracto, galea paullo rursum declinata, subfalcata, sub apice denticulo obtusissimo subconspicuo interdum instructa, labio trilobo, S—6 mm lg., galea sesqui breviore. Filamenta dua pilosa. | Affinitas. P. pycnanthae Boiss. proximisque affinis, sed inter eas corollae tubo ut in P. amoena Adams ad os calycis infracto dignoscitur. Ha bitatad declivia saxoso-argillosa in regione superiore montium Schugnanicorum (Asia Media). T y pus: Schugnan, ad trajectum Bidjunt, 1914 V 31, fl., Tuturin et Besedin, n° 695 (Herb. Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS). 5. P. Verae Vved. sp. n. Perennis. Radix robusta, saepe pluriceps, collo reliquis caulinorum fo- liorumque radicalium rudimentarium tecto; caules ad 3 cm ait., saepe sub- nulli, simplices, glabri, ad inflorescentiae rachidem interdum longe villosi sublanative; folia radicalia nulla, caulina opposita vel verticillata, breviter petiolata, tenuiter laxe araneoso-villosa, demum glabrata, ambitu lineari- lanceolata, pinnatisecta vel profunde pinnatipartita, segmentis ad rachidem saepe dentatam decurrentibus, lanceolatis vel triangulari-oblongis, inferne distantibus, superne, in parte minus secta, approximatis, acutis, cartilagineo acuminato serratis vel sublobatis. Inflorescentia capitata vel saepius basi interrupta, araneoso-villosa; bracteae infimae foliceae, mediae lanceolate, acuminatae, integrae vel apice serratae, floribus brevioribus; pedicelli ad 705 20 mm lg., flores superiores sessiles; calyx campanulatus, 10-12 mm lg., p. m. araneoso-villosus, dentibus triangulari-linearibus, acutissimis, integris vel denticulatis, tubo sesqui brevioribus; corolla, videtur, flava, 22-24 mm lg., tubo vix incurvo subrecto, galea paullo rursum declinata, recta, antice omni longitudine truncata edentata erostrata tubo duplo breviore, labio trilobo, sat parvo galea paullo breviore; filamenta dua piloso-villosa; cap- sula 8-10 mm lg., elliptica rostro uncinato. Affinis P. pulchrae Pauls., sed floribis flavis galea perfecte edentata differt. H a bit at ad declivia saxosa et argillosa in regione superiore montium Pamiralaicorum (Asia Media). T y pus: Systema fluminis Sardai-minoa; in valle fl. Muschkrut, alt. 2800 m,-1934 VII 29, fl. Koroleva et Nikitin, n° 365. Auxilatrici meae investigatione florae Asiae Mediae V. K. Pazij dedico. 6. P. inconspicua Vved. sp. n. Perennis. Radix verticalis, incrassata, apice ramosa; caulis simplex, 1-2(5) cm alt., glaber vel ad inflorescentiam longe villosulus; folia radi- calia nulla, caulina verticillata vel infima opposita, glabra vel villis soli- tariis obsita, petiolis laminae aequilongis vel ea brevioribus suffulta, am- bitu lanceolate pinnatisecta, rachide inaequaliter dentata, segmentis ob- longis vel lanceolatis, acutis profunde lobatis, lobis acutis, cartilagineo acuminatis. Inflorescentia capitata, saepe inferne, interdum valde, inter- rupta; bracteae infimae interdum foliaceae, mediae e oblonga vel lanceo- lata basi longe acuminatae apice serratae vel integrae, floribus breviores, longe, praecipue subtus, villosulae; pedicelli ad 8 mm lg., flores superiores sessiles;, calyx 10-13 mm lg., subglaber vel, praecipue ad dentes, longe villosulus, tubuloso-campanulatus, fructifer paullo inflatus accrescensque, dentibus triangulari-linearibus, acutissimis, integris, tubo paullo vel sesqui brevioribus; corolla roseolo-lutescens, unicolor, inconspicua, 24-28 mm lg., tubo recto vel subrecto, galea paullo rursum declinata, tube subdu- plo breviore, apice incurva, rostro brevi deorsum directo dentibus duobus acutis deorsum directis terminato, labio parvo trilobo, galea subsesqui bre- viore; filamenta glabra; capsula 10-13 mm lg., elliptica, rostro subobliquo paullo uncinato. Affinis P. zeravschanicae Rgl., sed corolla inconspicua, unicolori, roseolo-lutescente, nec flavescente labio purpureo picto differt. Habitat ad declivia argilloso-saxosa vel caementacea humida in regione superiore montium Pamiroalaj austro-occidentalis (Asia Media). T y pus. Ad declivia argilloso-saxosa montium Tschulbair, ca. cacu- men Chodsha-barku, alt. ca. 3400 m, 1929 VII 6, fl. Vvedensky, Herb. FI. As. Med. n° 922 ineditum. (Herb. Univers. As. Med. in Taschkent). 706 7. P. Popovii Vved. sp. n. Perennis. Radix abbreviata, fibris funiculatis crassis; caules 1-3, de- biles, adscendentes, interdum suberecti, longe villosi, 5-10 cm alt.; folia radicalia petiolis laminae aequilongis vel ea brevioribus suffulta, longe villosula, ambitu lanceolata, pinnatisecta, segmentis, ad rachidem vix vel non decurrentibus, oblongis apice paullo acuminatis, pinnatilobatis, lobis paucidentatis, cartilagineo acuminatis; caulina verticillata vel opposita, brevius petiolata minus secta. Inflorescentia densa, spiciformis, 2-6 cm Ig.; bracteae oblongae, acutatae, inferiores apice dentatae; calyx pedicello ad 6 mm lg. suffultus, florendi tempore late campanulatus, 11-14 mm lg., demum paullo inflatus, ad 18 mm lg., membranaceus nervis 10 herbaceis percursus, dentibus herbaceis inaequalibus, postico breviore, triangulari, caeteris tubo 2-plo brevioribus, e triangulari basi linearibus, cartilagineo acutatis, integris; corolla videtur roseo purpurea, labio intense purpureo, 18-24 mm lg., glabra, tubo falcato, galea recta antice truncata, edentula, 6-7 mm lg., labio paullo vel sesqui longiore, labio parvo S—6 mm It., trilobo, denticulato, lobo medio elongato; filamenta glabra vel duo villo- sula; capsula 9-10 mm lg., oblique late-ovata subsemirotunda, rostro brevi oblique directo terminata. Affinis P. Semenovii Rgl., sed radice abbreviata fibris funiculatis foliis radicalibus nullis, labio breviore intense purpureo differt. H abit at ad declivia saxosa et argillosa in regionibus media et superiora montium Pamiralaj septentrionalis. T y pus. Montes Sarytau, 1920 VI 10, fl. et fr., M. Popov, n° 506. (Herb. Univer. As. Med. in Taschkent, n° 105967). Ad honorem viri clarissimi et amicissimi, investigatoris et explicatoris florae Orbis toti celeberrimi M. G. Popov dedico. 8. P. pubiflora Vved. sp. n. Perennis. Radix abbreviata, fibris fusiformi incrassatis; caules 1-3, simplices erecti, validi, glabri vel sub inflorescentia villosuli, (5)10—20 cm alt.; folia alterna, radicalia petiolis glabris lamina 1 1/2 —3-plo brevioribus suffulta, supra glabra, subtus villis obsita, rachide anguste alata, ambitu lanceolata, pinnatisecta. Segmentis lanceolatis vel lineari-lanceolatis, in- ferne p. m. distantibus, superne p. m. approximatis, inciso pinnato-lobatis, lobis sursum directis, cartilagineo acutatis, integris vel cartilagineo paucis- erratis, caulina 1-3 diminuta, breviter petiolata, rachide latiore, caeterum similia. Flores (inferiores ad 8 mm) pedicellati inflorescentiam oblongam densam, inferne interdum Interruptam formantes; bracteae infimae foli- aceae, mediae lineares, villis longis obsitae, apice cartilagineo dentatae, floribus breviores; calyx tubuloso campanulatus, subherbaceus, nervis 5 validis tenuiter anastomosantibus, glaber vel p. m. dense villosulus, 14-20 mm lg., fructifer subinflatus, dentibus anguste triangularibus acutis 707 integris, tubo 2-plo brevioribus; corolla pallide flava, dentibus (an sem- per?) purpureis, extus, praecipue ad galeam, dense minute pubescens, | 26-28 mm lg., tubo recto galea sesqui longiore, galea recta apice uncinato curvata breviter rostrata, dentibus duobus deorsum directis instructa, labio parvo trilobo, margine et fauce glabro denticulato galea paulo breviore; filamenta dua villosula; capsula oblique elongato-oblonga, una latere (an semper?) dehiscens, 14-20 mm lg. A ffini-s P. alatauicae Stadlm., sed corolla pallide flava nec rosea, labio longiore, foliis minus sectis dignoscitur. A P. songarica Schrenk et P. physocalice Bge. corolla extus minute pubescente, nec glabra, differt. Habitat in pratis alpinis et subalpinis montium Asiae Mediae. T y pus. Inter lapides ad trajectun Ak-tasch in montibus Sonkul-tau (Tian- schan centralis). 1926 VII 22, fl., Sovetkina et Uspenskaja, Herb. Fl. As. Med. n° 136 ineditum. (Herb. Univer. As. Med. in Taschkent). 9. P. alatauica Stadlm. in herb. Perennis. Radix abbreviata, fibris valde fusiformi-incrassatis. Caules 1-3, simplices, erecti vel subflexuosi, validi, tenuiter et saepe dense longe villosuli, 5-15 cm alt.; folia alterna, radicalia petiolis tenuiter villosulis vel subglabris, lamina 2-3-plo brevioribus suffulta, supra glabra, subtus villis longis tenuibus obsita, rachide anguste alata, ambitu lineari-lanceolata, pin- natisecta, segmentis oblongis, obtusatis inferne interdum distantibus, de- currentibus, pinnatipartitis, partitionibus obtusatis saepissimae cartilagineo acutatis, cartilagineo paucidentatis, caulina 1—2 diminuta, brevius petiolata, caeterum similia. Flores breviter (infimi ad 5 mm) pedicellati inflorescen- tiam oblongam vel elongatam, rarius capitatam formantes; bracteae infimae foliaceae, mediae e lanceolata p. m. villosa basi lineares, apice cartilagi- neo dentatae, floribus breviores; calyx tubuloso-campanulatus, submem- branaceus, saepius roseo coloratus, nervis 5 validis tenuiter anastomosan- tibus, subglaber vel p. m. dense longe tenuiter villosulus, 14-17 mm lg., fructifer paulo inflatus, dentibus triangularibus, acutis crispociliatis, tubo 4-plo brevioribus; corolla rosea extus minute pubescens, 28-30 mm lg., tubo recto galea paullo longiore, galea recta apice uncinato curvata bre- viter rostrata, dentibus deorsum directis instructa, labio saepissime parvo, trilobo, margine et fauce glabro, denticulato, galea sesqui-subduplo brev- iore; filamenta glabra vel dua villis solitariis obsita; capsula 15-18 mm lg., oblique elongato-oblonga, una latere (an semper?) dehiscens, in rostrum breve rectum subito angustata. Affinitas. Proxima P. pubiflorae Vved., sed corolla rosea, nec pallide flava, labio breviore, foliis magis sectis dignoscitur. Ab affinibus P. songarica Schrenk et P. physocalyx Bge. corolla extus pubescente, nec glabra differt. 708 H abitatad declivia sicca et in rupibus montium Tianschanicorum, nec non in jugo Alaico. T y pus. Alatau transiliensis: in valle fl. Kaschkelen, reg. alp. 1896 VI 21 fi., Brotherus n° 672 (Herb. Univer. Helsingiensis).—Paratypus: Alpes Alexandri: ad fontes fl. Schamsi. reg. silv. super. 1896 V 30, fi., Brotherus, n° 164 (ibid.). 10. P. grandis M. Pop. sp. n. Perennis. Radix fibrosa, fibris paullo incrassatis; caulis solitar- ius, firmus, crassus, erectus, simplex, imprimis basi villoso-pubescens, 50-80 cm alt.; folia alterna, radicalia et caulina inferiora petiolis villoso- pubescentibus lamina duplo brevioribus suffulta, ambitu elongato-oblonga, pinnatisecta, segmentis decurrentibus oblongis vel lanceolatis, inaequaliter pinnato incisis, lobis inaequiliter acute cartilagineo dentatis, media breviter petiolata, superiora sessilia, minus secta. Inflorescentia basi interrupta, 20-40 cm lg.; bracteae imprimis inferiores foliis superioribus similes, su- periores saepius tripartitae, partitione media elongata pinnato-cristata; flores sessiles vel inferiores breviter pedicellati; calyx canovillosus, 12-14 mm lg., cylindricus, membranaceus, nervis 5 validis, 5 tenuibus non anastomosantibus, dentibus glabris linearibus, apice spathulatis, minute denticulatis, tubo 2-3-plo brevioribus, postico breviore triangulari integro; corolla flavescens, 30-33 mm lg., tubo recto e calyce paullo exserto, galea a basi falcato-curvata rostro longiore quam lato bidentato instructa, labio trilobo denticulato galeae subaequilongo; filamenta dua villosa, dua glabra vel vix villosa. A f f1ni-ss P. dolichorrhizae Schrenk, sed galeae rostro in dentes sensim abeunte, nec truncato basi bidentato, differt. H abit at in nemoribus umbrosis ad pag: Gilan (Asia Media: Pamiralaj occidentalis). Ty pus. Schachrizjabs, prope pagum Gilan, in umbrosis, 1916 V 19, M. Popov, n° 842 (Herb. Univers. As. Med. in Taschkent, n° 105870). Cotypus: ibid. n° n° 105868 et 105869. 11. P. talassica Vved. sp. n. (nom. in. Journ. Turk. Branch. Russ. Geogr. Soc. 16 (1923) 139). Perennis. Radix fibrosa, fibris paullo incrassatis; caules 1-3 erecti firmi, p. m. villosi, 10-45 cm alt.; folia alterna, radicalia petiolibus vil- losis lamina duplo brevioribus suffulta, ambitu lanceolata,. pinnatisecta segmentis oblongo-lanceolatis vel ovatis pinnatipartitis, partitionibus car- tislagineo dentatis, caulina media breviter petiolata, superiora sessilia. In- florescentia 5-30 cm lg. densa, floribus inferioribus interdum distantibus, pedicellis interdum ad 12 mm lg. suffultis; bracteae inferiores fola superi- oribus similes, superiores tripartitae ambitu rhomboideae; calyx 14-20 mm 709 lg., campanulato- tubulosus, flavescenti villosus, inaequaliter quinqueden- tatus, dentibus lateralibus e triangulari basi lanceolatis cartilagineo mu- cronulatis, cartilagineo denticulatis, postico integro, triangulari, breviore; corolla flava, glabra vel puberula, 25-35 mm lg., tubo recto lato, tubo ca- lycis sublongiore, galea prona subfalcata, rostro brevi bidentato instructa, labio trilobo, galea sesqui breviore interdum basi ciliata, lobo medio ro- tundato; filamenta glabra vel dua villosula; capsula oblique oblongo- ovata, 18-20 mm lg. A ffinitas. Proxima P. Krylovii Bonati, sed calycibus ex toto villosis dentibus dentatis differt. Ha bitatad declivia saxosa et argilloso-saxosa in regione superiore montium Tian-schan occidentalis (Asia Media): T y pus. Ad declivia argilloso-saxosa in regione subalpina montis Tschimgan Majoris. 20 VII 1923, fl., Baranov, in Herb. Fl. As. Med. n° 171 sub nomine P. dubia editus. (Herb. Univers. As Med. in Taschkent). 12. P. chroorrhyncha Vved. sp. n. Perennis. Radix abbreviata, fibris fusiformi incrassatis; caulis simplex erectus, tenuis, pumilus, longe villosus, 5—15 cm alt.; folia alterna, radicalia petiolis villosis lamina 2-3-plo brevioribus suffulta, supra glabra vel sub- glabra, subtus p. m. villosula, ambitu lanceolata, pinnatisecta, segmentis inferioribus distantibus, superioribus approximatis oblongis vel ovtis car- tilagineo acutatis, pinnatipartitis vel profunde pinnatilobatis, partitionibus elongato triangularibus cartilagineo acutatis, integris vel 1-(3)-dentatis, caulina 1-3 diminuta, brevius petiolata vel sessilia, caeterum similia. Flo- res sessiles vel subsessiles inflorescentiam capitatam vel oblongam tenu- iter villosam formantes; bracteae infimae foliaceae, mediae calyce paullo longiores, pinnatipartitae, partitionibus infimis linearibus integris, media multo majore cartilagineo lobato cristata; calyx tubuloso-campanulatus, subcoriaceus nervis ramosis, tenuiter longe villosus, 13-18 mm lg., den- tibus late triangularibus acutis integris tubo multoties brevioribus; corolla flava apice purpureo suffusa, 30-38 mm lg., tubo recto galeae subaequi- longo, lineis duabus pubescentibus ad faucis angulos sitis ornato, galea subprona superne falcata, rostro brevi bidentato instructa, labio magno trilobo denticulato, cihato, ad faucem piloso, galea vix breviore. Filamenta dua villosula. A ffini-s P. Sibthorpii Boiss., sed corolla apice purpureo col- orata, indumento inflorescentiae molli, tenui dignoscitur. A P. acmodonta Boiss. dentibus calycinis mucrone cartilagineo destitutis, a P. daghestanica Bonati foliorum dissectionis indole differt. Habitat in pratis alpinis et subalpinis Caucasi Magni. T y pus. Ulluguluk, declivia alpina, 8500-9000 ’ 10 VII 1913, fl. E et N. Busch Herb. Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS). 710 13. P. sibirica Vved. sp. n. Perennis. Radix abbreviata, fibris tenuiter longeque fusiforme incrassatis; caulis saepissime solitarius, simplex, erectus, saepissime validus, tenuissime villosus (10)20—40(50) cm alt.; folia alterna, radicalia petiolis tenuiter villosis lamina duplo brevioribus suffulta, supra glabra, subtus ad nervos villis longis obsita, ambitu lanceolata, pinnatisecta, segmentis inferioribus valde distantibus, superioribus sese tegentibus, divaricatim profunde pinnatipartitis cartilagineo acutatis partitionibus laxe inaequaliter cartilagineo serratis, caulina sursum gradatim diminuta, inferne pauca distantia, superne approximata inflorescentiam involucrantia, inferiora breviter petiolata, superiora subsessilia minus secta. Flores subsessiles inflorescentiam denissimam oblongam formantes; bracteae infimae foliaceae, mediae subito delimitatae oblongo lanceolatae vel lanceolatae, arachnoideo villosulae, integrae vel paucilobatae, calyce breviores; calyx campanulatus, 11-14 mm lg. subcoriaceus nervis validis tenuiter breviterque ramosis, glaber vel arachnoideo villosulus dentibus brevissimis late triangularibus tubo multoties brevioribus; corolla flava, 26-28 mm lg., tubo recto, galea paullo breviore, galea vix prona, a basi sensim leviterque, apice valde falcata, rostro brevi bidentato instructa, labio trilobo, longe unguiculato, ciliato, galeae subaequilongo; filamenta dua villosula; capsula oblique oblonga apice subcurvata, 10-11 mm lg., calyce sepulta. Affinitas. Proxima species P. comosa L. a nostra nervis calycinis intermediis tenuibus omnino vel subomnino nullis differt. H a bit at in pratis et nemoribus lucidis Sibiriae australis. T y pus: In vicinitate pag. Sonskoje; prata stepposa, 25 V 1910, fl., Smirnov. (Herb. Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS). 14. P. uralensis Vved. sp. n. Perennis. Radix brevis, fibris paullo fusiformi incrassatis; caules 1(3), simplex, erectus, elatus, tenuiter villosus, 30-80 cm. alt.; folia alterna, radicalia petio lis longe tenuiter villosulis laminae aequilongis vel ea bre- vioribus suffulta, glabra vel saepius subtus longe tenuiter villosula, ambitu lineari-lanceolata, pinnatisecta, segmentis inferioribus distantibus, spe- rioribus sese tegentibus, inaequaliter pinnatipartitis, cartilagineo acutatis, cartilagineo lobato dentatis, caulina sursum gradatim diminuta in bracteas abeuntia, inferiora breviter petiolata, superiora sessilia, minus secta, bracteiformia. Flores subsessilles inflorescentiam densam elongatam, fructificatione tempore inferne laxiusculam, longe villosam formantes; bracteae infimae foliis superioribus similes, mediae lanceolatae, apice acuminato saepissime cartilagineo serratae, calyce paullo longiores; calyx campanulatus, subcoriaceus, nervis validis tenulter breviterque ramosis, longe villosulus, 10-11 mm lg., dentibus brevissimis, lato triangularibus, 711 integris, tubo multoties brevioribus; corolla flava, 22-28 mm lg., tubo recto, galea sesqul breviore, galea vix prona, a basi sensim leviterque, apice valde falcata, rostro brevi bidentato instructa, labio breviter unguic- ulato, trilobo, ciliato, galea vix breviore; filamenta dua villosula; capsula oblique oblonga, apice subito curvato vel uncinato acuminata. A ffinis P. venustae Schangin, sed labio ciliato dignoscitur. Habitat in pratis et in populetis stepposis montium Uralensium nec non Rossiae europae orientali-septentrionalis et Sibiriae occidentalis. T y pus: Distr. Argajasch, lacus Sosnovskoje, prope p. Purino, 11 VII 1930, fl., Lind, n° 495 (Herb. Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS). 15. P. hyperborea Vved. sp. n. Annua. Glaberrima; caulis simplex vel pauce saepe a medio ramosus, 5-10 cm alt.; folia radicalia rosularia diminuta, obovata, sessilia, integra; caulina pauca evidenter alterna, sed per paria approximata, subsessilia, am- bitu lanceolata, profunde pinnatipartita, partitionibus lineari-oblongis ob- tuse grosse dentatis sublobatis, inferiora interdum obovata profunde lobata, floralia p. m. approximata paullo ampliata, ambitu triangularia, caeterum similia. Flores subsessiles vel sessiles in axillis foliorum floralium solitarii; calyx submembranaceus, nervis ramosis, 6-7 mm lg., usque ad medium, postice profundius, bipartita, partitionibus subflabellatim lobatis, lobis in- aequalibus, apice dentatis; corolla, videtur, rosea, galea et maculis labii intensioribus, 11-12 mm lg., tubo recto demum gradatim paullo curvato, galea tubo paullo breviore, recta, antice retusa, supra faucem dentibus duobus triangularibus deorsum directis, sub apice interdum eis duobus minutissimis sursum directis instructa, labio trilobo, eciliato, latiore quam lato, galea paullo breviore; filamenta glabra; capsula 6-8 mm lg., oblique lateovata in rostrum subito angustata. A ffinitas. Proxima P. Pennellii Hulten, sed floribus minoribus, labio pro portione galeae breviore, eciliato differt. H abit at in sphagnetis ad ostia fl. Obj. . T y pus: Tasovskaja guba, ripa orientalis, ostium fl. Charutta, sphag- netum. 13 VII 1913 fl., Pole et Rozhdestvensky (Herb. Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS). 16. P. Pallasii Vved. nom. n.—P. lanata Pall. ex Stev. in Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 6 (1823) 49 in syn. et herb. non Willd. ex Cham. et Schlecht. in Linnaea 2(1827) 583 (p. p.) et 584. Affinitas. A P. Willdenowii m. (P. lanata Willd., |.c.) labio ciliato, nec non area geographica differt. P. Pallasii in peninsula Kamstchatka, in Sibiria Ochotensi et ad in- sulas Kurilenses crescit; P. Willdenowii planta americana et groenlandica est, in Sibiriam solum ad peninsulam Tschukotkam descendit. 712 LJNARIA L. 17. L. dolichocarpa Klok. sp. n. Perennis. Caulibus 20-50 cm alt. solitariis vel in numero 2-3 a basi ramosis, ramis divaricatis adscendentibus; foliis lineari-filiformibus semicylindricis canaliculatis 2-5 cm lg., 0.1 cm lat. Inflorescentiae laxae 2-5 cm lg.; pedicelli 2-3 mm lg., bracteae pedicellorum longitudine vel paulo breviores; calyx glaber segmentis linearibus paulo acuminatis 1.5-2 mm lg., 1 mm lat. Corolla 8-9(10) mm lg., labio inferiore lobulis rotundatis lateralibus vix majoribus (ca. 2 mm lat.), labio superiore recto usque ad 2 mm sinuato; calcar rectum vel paulo curvatum (6)7-8 mm lg. Capsula elongato-ovata, 6 mm lg., 3-4 mm lat.; semina discoidea late marginata, 3 mm lg. Fl. VI-1.2 VII. Affinitas: aL. dulci Klok. ramulis adscendentibus, corollis vix majorious, calcare majore, capsulis elongato-ovatis nec non areis differt. Habitat in arenosis Sibiriae austro-occidentalis et Kasachstaniae occidentali-septentrionalis. T y pus: Kasachstania. Keservatum Naursum-Karagai, 5 VIII 1938. leg. S. Levitzky. (in Leninopoli conservatur). 18. spirostegia Ivanina gen. nov. Calyx oblongo-ovatus, dentibus 5 brevibus, lanceolatis ornatus, corolla lutea, magna, infubdibuliformis, limbo brevi quinquelobato, lobis rotundatis subaequilongis, intus basi filamentorum anulo piloso praedita; stamina 4, corolla multo breviora, filamentis parte inferiore dense pilosis. antheris bilocularis, loculis ovato-oblongis, ad basin confluentibus; granula pollinis campanulato-globosa, 18-19 m. secus axin polarem, trisulcato- triporosa et quadrisulcato-quadriporosa, textura exinae obsolete tenuiter reticulata. Ovarium manifeste biloculare, placentatione centrali-angulata, ovulis numerosis, ovatum, stylo longo, stigmate brevi lato bilobato. Cap- sula bilocularis, per valvas dehiscens, tota inclusa. Semina parva, ca. 1.2 mm longa, oblongo-lanceolata, spiraliter incurvata, longitudinaliter rugosa. Folia alterna, rotundata vel ovato-oblonga, serrato dentata. Flores solitarii bracteolis 2, in foliorum axillis per totam fere caulis longitudinem locati. Plantae biennes vel perennes dense pilosae caulibus paucis foliatis. A genere Triaenophora Solered. calyce quinquedentato (nec 15- dentato), seminibus parvis, ca. 1.2 mm longis, spiraliter incurvatis (nec minutissimis ca. 0.3 mm, reticulatis), corolia intus anulo piloso ornata et aliis notis differt. A genere Rehmannia Libosch. habitu (florum dispositione per to- tam fere caulis longitudinem) et seminibus (oblongo-lanceolatis spiraliter incurvatis), bracteolis 2, ovario manifeste biloculari etc. bene differt. Generis typus: S. bucharica (B. Fedtsch.) Ivanina. INDEX ALPHABETICUS* nominum specierum atque synonymorum plantarum in tomo XXII Florae URSS commemoratarum “Reproduced from the Russian original. Page numbers of the Russian original appear in the left-hand margin in the text—Translator : vel is 2 thio ; dotuedlatie Ned tisque me S mr ‘sinuato ig ibe a Hid a is var thats “i ne meget ee ofabdivatisonns, ' mi Hak ailonpte: Rea Thal yf ab wie by i Wren 4 ‘aural rial heeviowA, unhatet bale antares, ie orl hie jer es sul ils ote om yh Acaules Maxim., sect. 509 Adyctii Pojark., subsect. 96 Ajuga vesiculifera Herd. 799 Alectorolophus Hall. 659 Alectorolophus aestivalis Zing. 665 Alectorolophus alectorolophus Stem. 680 Alectorolophus alpinus Stern. 678 Alectorolophus angustifolius Heynh. 676 Alectorolophus angustifolius a. typicus Beck. 676 Alectorolophus apterus Ostenf. 673 Alectorolophus borealis Stern. 679 Alectorolophus crista- galliM.B. 676 Alectorolophus ellipticus Hausskn. 681 Alectorolophus fallax Stern. 684 Alectorolophus glandulosus Stern. 683 Alectorolophus goniotrichus Stern. 682 Alectorolophus grandiflorus . pubens Wallr. 680 Alectorolophus groenlandicus __Ostenf. 678 Alectorolophus hirsutus All. 680 Alectorolophus major ssp. aestivalis Zing. 665 Alectorolophus major ssp. apterus Stern. 673 Alectorolophus major ssp. eumajor Stern. 665 Alectorolophus major ssp. major vat. eu- major Hegi 666 Alectorolophus major ssp. montanus Hayek 664 Alectorolophus major ssp. vernalis Zing. 666, 667 Alectorolophus major ssp. var. apterus Fries 673 Alectorolophus mediterraneus Stern. 682 Alectorolophus minor Dum. 676 Alectorolophus minor var. fallax Wimm. et Grab. 684 Alectorolophus montanus Fritsch. 664 Alectorolophus parviflorus Wallr. 676 Alectorolophus parviflorus Wallr. f. steno- phyllus Beck. 675 Alectorolophus patulus Stern. 680 Alectorolophus pectinatus Behrend. 668 Alectorolophus ponticus Stern. 667 Alectorolophus Reichenbachii _Drejer 673 Alectorolophus rusticulus Stern. 677 Alectorolophus songaricus Stern. 671 Alectorolophus stenophyllus Stern. 675 Alectorolophus subulatus Stern. 668 Alectorolophus Trixago M.B. 659 Alectorolophus vernalis Zing. 666 Alkekengi officinarum Moench 64 Alkekengi procumbens Moench 69 Alkekengi pubescens Moench 70 Alsinebe Griseb., sect. 412, 418 Amatula Medic. . 42 Amatula flava Medic. 52, 54 Ammania caspica Janka 469 Anastomosanthes Stiefelhag., sect. 245 Androcera Nutt. 40 Androcera citrullifolia Rydb. 42 Androcera lobata Nutt. 40 Androcera rostrata Rydb. 41 Androceras Bitter, sect. 40 Andromonoecum Bitter, sect. 39 Angustifoliae (Wettst.) Jorgens. subsect. 638 Anodon Bge., sect. 778 Antirrhineae Duby 175 Antirrhinideae Benth., subordo 175 Antirrhinoideae Wettst., subfam. 175 Antirrhinum L. 225 Antirrhinum albifrons Sibth. 225 Antirrhinum arvense L. 222 Antirrhinum arvense B.L. 223 Antirrhinum bipartitum Vent. 218 Antirrhinum canadense L. 218 Antirrhinum chalepense L. 217 Antirrhinum Cymbalaria L. 175 Antirrhinum elatine L. 177 Antirrhinum genistifolium L. 188 Antirrhinum genistaefolium M.B. 189 Antirrhinum hederaceum Lam. 176 Antirrhinum junceum Pall. 208 Antirrhinum Linaria L. 201 Antirrhinum Linaria M.B. 197 716 Antirrhinum macrourum M.B. 216 Antirrhinum majus L. 226 Antirrhinum micranthum Cav. 224 Antirrhinum monspessulanum Georgi 208 Antirrhinum monspessulanum L. 219 Antirrhinum odorum M.B. 208 Antirrhinum orontium L. 226 Antirrhinum Pelisserianum (L.) DC. 224 Antirrhinum reflexum L. 220 Antirrhinum rytidospermum Fisch. et Mey. 228 Antirrhinum spurium L. 176 Antirrhinum striatum Lam. 219 Antirrhinum zangesura Grossh. 188 Arvenses (Benth.) Wettst., subsect. 222 Arvensia Ronnig., subsect. 537 AtropaL. 71 Atropa acuminata Royle 72, 75 Atropa baetica Willk. 72 Atropa belladona auct. 73 Atropa belladonna L. 72, 74 Atropa belladonna var. flava Pater 73 Atropa belladonna f. lutea Doll. 73 Atropa caucasica Kreyer 73, 74 Atropa Komarowii Blin. 72, 74 Atropa lutescens Blin. et Shalyt 74 Atropa Paschkewiczi Kreyer 72, 73 Atropa physaloides Georgi 104 Atropa physaloides L. 116 Atropeae Miers 71 Atropeae Rcbh. 71 Atropinae Dun. 71 Atropinae Miers 71 Bartsia L. 657 Bartsia alpina L. 657 Bartsia glauca Poir. 504 Bartsia gymnandra L. f. 502, 504, 505 Bartsia pallida L. 531 Bartsia trifida Spreng. 799 Bartsia Trixago L. 659 Bartsia versicolor Pers. 659 Bartsia sect. Eufragia Benth. et Hook. 641 Bartsia latifolia Sibth. et Sm. 642 Bartsia viscosa L. 646 Bartsia sect. Odontites Benth. et Hook. 647 Bartsia odontites b. litoralis Rchb. 655 Bartsia sect. Ortantha Benth. et Hook. 647 Bartsia lutea Rchb. 647 Beccabunga (Griseb.) Benth., sect. 468 Beccabunga Fourr., gen. 329, 468 Beccabunga anagallis Fourr. 469 Beccabunga vulgaris Fourr. 476 Belladonna Adans. 71 Bellardia All. 658 Bellardia trixago (L.) All. 659 Bradshawia F. Muell. 529 Brugmansia candida Pers. 109 Bungea C. A.M. 797 Bungea Szovitsii Gdgr. 798 Bungea trifida (Vahl) C. A.M. 798 Bungea turkestanica Maxim. 799 Bungea versicolor (Herd.) Schischk. 799 Bungea Scheareri S. Moore 795 Calistachya sibirica Rafin. 495 Calydermos Ruiz et Pav. 115 Calydermos erosus Ruiz. et Pav. 116 Cardia multiflora Dulac 365 Cardia spicata Dulac 381 Carinata Beauv., subsect. 536 Capsicum L. 57 Capsicum angulosum Mill. 59 Capsicum annuum abbreviatum Fingerh. Si) Capsicum annuum L. 57 Capsicum caerulescens Bess. 57 Capsicum cerasiforme Mill. 57 Capsicum conoides Mill. 57 Capsicum cordiforme Mill. 57 Capsicum fasciculatum Sturt. 58 Capsicum frutescens auct. 58 Capsicum frutescens L. 59 Capsicum grossum L. 57 Capsicum longum DC. 57 Capsicum mexicanum Hasenb. 58 Capsicum pendulum Willd. 59 Capsicum pubescens Ruiz et Pav. 59 Castilleja L. f. 530 Castilleja acuminata Turcz. 531 Castilleja arctica Kryl. et Serg. 532 Castilleja elegans Malte 533 Castilleja pallida (L.) Kunth 531 Castilleja pallida var. rubra Drob. 531 Castilleja sibirica Lindl. 531 Castilleja Post. et Ktze. 530 Caulescentes Maxim., sect. 501 Celsia L. 170 Celsia atroviolacea Somm. et Lev. 168 Celsia aurea C. Koch 163 Celsia coromandeliana Vahl 173 Celsia heterophylla Desf. 171 Celsia Johannis Bordz. 163 Celsia nudicaulis (Wydl.) B. Fedtsch. 172 Celsia orientalis L. 171 Celsia persica C. A. Mey. 172 Celsia Suworowiana C. Koch 173 Celsia Suworowiana var. acuminata Murb. 173 Celsia Suworowiana var. papillosa Murb. 173 Ceramanthe Dum. 229 Chaenorrhinum Lge. 226 Chaenorrhinum Klokovii Kotov 228 Chaenorrhinum minus (L.) Simk 228 Chaenorrhinum minus var. creticola Schir. 228 Chaenorrhinum persicum auct. 228 Chaenorrhinum rytidospermum (Fisch. et Mey.) Kuprian. 228 Chaenorrhinum spicatum Korov. 228 Chaenorrhinum viscidum (Moench) Simk. 227 Chamaedryos Koch 430 Chamaedrys Griseb., sect 430 Chamaedrys Stroh, sect 481 Chamaesaracha echinata Yatabe 61 Chamaesaracha heterophylla Hemsl. 61 Chamaesaracha japonica Fr. et Sav. 61 Chamaesaracha japonica Makino 61 Chamaesaracha sinensis Hemsl. 61 Chamaesaracha Watanabei Yatabe 61 Chelone frutescens Spreng 309 Cheloneae Benth. 229 Ciliate Jorgens., subsect 568 Cochlidiospermum Rchb., gen. 329, 392 Cochlidiospermum agreste Opiz 408 Cochlidiospermum Buxbaumii Opiz 411 Cochlidiospermum digitatum Opiz 405 Cochlidiospermum Friesianum Opiz 410 Cochlidiospermum hederaefolium Opiz 414 Cochlidiospermum Lappago Opiz 414 Cochlidiospermum opacum Opiz 410 Cochlidiospermum praecox Opiz 406 Cretacea Klok., subsect 221 Cyclophyllum Bge., sect 703 717 Cymbalaria Medic. 175 Cymbalaria cymbalaria (L.) Wettst. 175 Cymbalaria hederacea (Lam.) S.F Gray 175 Cymbalaria muralis G. M. Sch. 175 Cymbaria L. 800, 801 Cymbaria borysthenica Pall. 803 Cymbaria dahurica L. 800 Cymbaria sect. a. Cymbochasma Endl. 801 Cymbaria sect. b. Eucymba Endl. 799 Cymbochasma (Endl.) Klok. et Zoz 801 Cymbochasma borysthenica Pall. 802 Dargeria Decne 526 Dargeria linifolia Dene 527 Dargeria pinnatifida Dene 527 Datura L. 109 Datura alba Nees 112 Datura arborea L. 109 Datura Bertolonii Parl. 111 Datura discolor Bernh. 111 Datura fastuosaL. 114 Datura fastuosa var. alba Hook. 112 Datura fastuosa var. nigra auct. 114 Datura guayaquilensis Kunth. et Bonpl. 114 Datura hummatu @. muricata Bemh 112 Datura inermis Jacq. 111 Datura innoxia Mill. 113, 114, 115 Datura laevis Hohenack. 116 Datura mete! auct. 114 Datura mete! L. 112, 113, 114 Datura meteloides DC. 113, 115 Datura quercifolia H.B.K. 111 Datura stramonium var. tatula Tort. 109, 110, 111, 112 Datura stramonium B. chalybea W. Koch 111 Datura tatulaL. 111 Datura Wallichii Dun. 111, 112 Datura Wrightii Rgl. 111 Datureae Wettst. 115 Daturinae G. Don. 108 Diacmandra Bge., sect. 108 Diffusae Benth., sect. 794 Digitalis L. 220 Digitalis ambigua Murr. 514 Digitalis aurea Lindl. 520 Digitalis brachyantha Griseb. 522 718 Digitalis ciliata Trautv. 522 Digitalis dasyantha Pall. 521 Digitalis epiglottidea Brera. 309 Digitalis eriostachya Bess. 525 Digitalis ferruginea auct. 523 Digitalis ferruginea L. 522 Digitalis ferruginea Lam. 525 Digitalis grandiflora All. 520 Digitalis grandiflora Lam. 520 Digitalis grandiflora Mill 520 Digitalis grandiflora var. C. Koch 521 Digitalis grandiflora var. obtusiflora C. Koch 521 Digitalis lanata Ehrh. 525 Digitalis laevigata C. A.M. 524 Digitalis Kotukovii Ivanina 519 Digitalis Milleri Don 520 Digitalis Nervosa Staud. et Hochst. 524 Digitalis ochroleuca Jacq. 526 Digitalis Pichleri Huter 522 Digitalis purpurea L. 518 Digitalis purpurea x grandiflora Mill. 519 Digitalis purpurea f. caule rubro hort 519 Digitalis purpurea f. flore albo hort. 519 Digitalis purpurea f. gloxiniiflora hort. 519 Digitalis purpurea f. maculata hort. 519 Digitalis purpurea f. mnonstrosa hort. 519 Digitalis Schischkinii Ivaniana 523 Digitalis thapsi Bert. 518 Digitalis Winterli Roth. 525 Diplophyllum (Lehm.) Boriss., sect 412 Diplophyllum Lehm., gen 329, 392 Diplophyllum cardiocarpum Kar. et Kir. 404 Diplophyllum crista-galli Otto et Walp. 413 Diplophyllum hirsutum Kar. et Kir. 413 Diplophyllum veronicaeforme Lehm. 413 Dodartia L. 318 Dodartia orientalis L. 319 Dodartia orientalis f. alba Trautv. 319 Dopatrium Hamilt. 320 Dopatrium junceum (Roxb.) Hamilt 320 Dulcamara § Dulcamara Dun., subsect 10 Dulcamara (Dun.) Bitter, sect 10 acutiflora Dulcamara Moench, gen. 10 Dulcamara flexuosa Moench 15 Dulcamara lignosa Gilib. 15 Elatinoides elatine (L.) Wettst. 177 Elephantina Bertol. 606 Elephas Adans. 686 Elephas Columnae Guss. 687 Elephas incurva G.Don 686 Elephas orientalis Guss. 686 Elephas recta G.Don 687 Emmenospermum C. B. Clarke 553 Eriopersicon C. H. Mull., subgen. 44 Eu-Euphrasia (Wettst.) Jorgens., subgen. 568 Eufragia Gris. 641 Eufragia flaviflora Pavl. 645 Eufragia latifolia Griseb. 642 Eufragia latifolia 8. flaviflora Bioss. 645 Eufragia viscosa Benth. 645 Euhyoscyamus Wettst., sect. 88 Eulycopersicon C. H. Mull., subgen. 46 Eumelampyrum sect. Laxiflora Wettst. subset. 543 Eumelampyrum sect. Spicata Wettst. sub- sect. 536 Eumimulus Gray, sect. 311 Euphrasia L. 557 Euphrasia adenocaulon Juz. 623, 624 Euphrasia Alboffii Chab. 619, 621 Euphrasia alpina Baumgarten 639 Euphrasia altaica Serg. 599, 611 Euphrasia amblyodonta Juz. 613, 614, 615 Euphrasia amurensis Freyn 628, 631, 632, 636 Euphrasia amurensis x hirtella Bekr. 628 Euphrasia arctica auct. 605 Euphrasia arguta Kern. 615 Euphrasia atripurpurea (Rostrup) Ostenf. 604 Euphrasia balankolica Juz. 594, 595, 596 Euphrasia bakurianica Juz. 638 Euphrasia borealis (Towns.) Wettst. 592, 594 Euphrasia bottnica Kihlm. 606 Euphrasia Brandisii Freyn 635 Euphrasia brevipila Burn. et Gr. 559, 582, 586, 587, 588 Euphrasia brevipila Grossh. 588 Euphrasia brevipila Bum. et Gr. E. parv- iflora Schagerst. 586 Euphrasia_ brevipila ssp. Ganesch 585 Euphrasia brevipila ssp. praecox Ganesch 587 Euphrasia brevipila ssp. serotina Ganesch 585 Euphrasia brevipila var. eglandulosa Lindb. f. 603 Euphrasia brevipila f. eglandulosa Lindb. f. 585 Euphrasia brevipila f. subeglandulosa Lindb. f. 585 Euphrasia carthalinica Kem.-Nath. 637 Euphrasia caucasica Juz. 587, 588, 589 Euphrasia coerulea Tausch. 601, 602 Euphrasia condensata Jord. 579, 581, 582, 586 Euphrasia coronata W. Bekr. 621, 623 Euphrasia curta Wettst. 600 Euphrasia curta var. glabrescens Wettst. 600, 602 Euphrasia cyclophylla Juz. 595, 599 Euphrasia daghestanica Juz. 625 Euphrasia disjuncta Fern. et Wiegand 612 Euphrasia drosocalyx Freyn 611 Euphrasia drosocalyx Syreistsch. 608 Euphrasia drosophylla Juz. 599, 608 Euphrasia ericetorum Jord. 579, 580 Euphrasia Fedtschenkoana Wettst. 590, 591, 619 Euphrasia fennica Kihlm. 559, 628, 633, 634, 636 Euphrasia fennica ssp. aestivalis Ganesch. 634 Euphrasia fennica ssp. praecox Ganesch. 635 Euphrasia fennica f. macrantha Lindb. f. 634, 635 Euphrasia foulaénsis Towns. 604 Euphrasia frigida Pugsl. 592, 593, 594, 599, 604, 605 f Euphrasia georgica Kem.-Nath. 574,577 Euphrasia georgica Kem.-Nath. x hirtella Jord. 637 Euphrasia glabrescens (Wettst.) Wunst. 601, 602 Euphrasia glutinosa M.B. 656 aestivalis 719 Euphrasia gracilis Fr. 601 Euphrasia gracilis f. pilifera Ganesch. 604 Euphrasia Grossheimii Kem.-Nath. 607, 608, 614 Euphrasia hirtella Jord. 586, 634, 635, 636, 637, 638 Euphrasia hirtella Jord. sil. x E. Grossheimii Kem.-Nath. 638 Euphrasia hirtella ssp. aestivalis Ganesch. 635 Euphrasia hirtella var. Karoiana W. Bckr. 628 Euphrasia hirtella var. ramosa Freyn 628 Euphrasia hirtella Ostenf. 590 Euphrasia hyperbores Jorgens. 591, 592 Euphrasia Irenae Juz. 574, 475 Euphrasia jacutica Juz. 574, 579, 594 Euphrasia Juzepczukii Denissova 614 Euphrasia Kemulariae Juz. 620 Euphrasia Kerneri Wettst. 615 Euphrasia Krassnowii Juz. 599 Euphrasia Krylovii Serg. 635, 637 Euphrasia lapponica T. E. Fries 639, 640 Euphrasia latifolia L 642 Euphrasia latifolia Pursh. 605 Euphrasia latifolia Wettst. 593, 594, 605, 606 Euphrasia lebardensis Kem.-Nath. 624 Euphrasia lepida Stank. 635 Euphrasia litoralis Fries 655 Euphrasia lutea L. 647 Euphrasia macrocalyx Juz. 573, 576 Euphrasia macrodonta Juz. 619 Euphrasia manshurica Plachiij 628 Euphrasia Maximowiczii Wettst. 568, 573 Euphrasia micrantha Brenn. 606 Euphrasia micrantha Rehb. 603, 604 Euphrasia minima Alb. 619 Euphrasia minima Jacq. 586, 606, 607, 608, 614, 615 Euphrasia minima var. carpathica Freyn 606 Euphrasia minima Wettst. 605 Euphrasia mollis Ishiyma 612 Euphrasia mollis Ldb. 611, 613 Euphrasia mollis (Ldb.) Wettst. 611, 613 Euphrasia montana Jord. 559, 632 Euphrasia Murbeckii Wettst. 586 720 Euphrasia nemorosa Trautv. 582 Euphrasia nemorosa 8. pectinata Rchb. 635 Euphrasia odontites L. 650 Euphrasia officinalis L. 557 Euphrasia officinalis auct. 632 Euphrasia officinalis Ldb. 570 Euphrasia officinalis Lge. 605 Euphrasia officinalis Schmalh. 575, 582 Euphrasia officinalis var. alpestris Freyn 606 Euphrasia officinalis var. rigida Lasch. 580 Euphrasia officinalis var. salisburgensis Schleicher 638 Euphrasia officinalis var. tenuis Brenn. 587 Euphrasia officinalis A. Platyphyllae B. curta Rehb. 600 Euphrasia officinalis a. grandiflora Wallr. 632 Euphrasia officinalis a. latifolia 660 Euphrasia officinalis a. pectinata 574 Euphrasia officinalis a. pectinata Kryl. 574 Euphrasia officinalis a. pratensis Koch 632 Euphrasia officinalis a. Rohrer et Meyer 632 Euphrasia officinalis a. stricta C. Koch 660 Euphrasia officinalis a. vulgaris Spenner 632 Euphrasia officinalis b. picta Celakovsky 616 Euphrasia officinalis a. imbricata Benth. 635 Euphrasia officinalis a. latifolia WLdb. 635 Euphrasia officinalis 8. montana +. curta 600 Euphrasia officinalis 8. tatarica Benth. 660 Euphrasia officinalis 8. vulgaris Ldb. 575, 577, 578, 579, 580, 582, 588, 605 Euphrasia officinalis ~. alpestris |. mollis Herder 612, Euphrasia officinalis -y. alpestris b. arctica Herder 605 Euphrasia officinalis +. coerulea Tausch 601 Rostkoviana Euphrasia officinalis +. curta Hartn. 600 Euphrasia officinalis +. gracilis Fr. 503 Euphrasia officinalis +. mollis Ldb. 611, 612 Euphrasia officinalis -y. fatarica Boiss. 635 Euphrasia officinalis 6. curta Fr. 600 Euphrasia officinalis 6! hirtella Kryl. 635 Euphrasia officinalis 6. minima Ldb. 621 Euphrasia officinalis 6. tatarica Bioss. 660 Euphrasia officinalis ¢. brevipila Kryl. 582 i Euphrasia officinalis e¢. salisburgensis Ldb. 660 | Euphrasia oligadena Juz. 638 Euphrasia onegensis Cajand. 635, 559 Euphrasia ossica Juz. 624, 626 Euphrasia parviflora Schagerstrom 600, 601, 602, 603, 604 Euphrasia parviflora var. curta Fr. 600 Euphrasia parviflora pectinata Ten. 573, 577, 578, 579 Euphrasia pectinataeformis Kryl. et Serg. 574 Euphrasia pectinatiformis Kryl. et Serg. 573 Euphrasia peduncularis Juz. 617, 618, 619 Euphrasia petiolaris Wettst. 621, 622, 623, 624, 625, 626, 608 Euphrasia petiolaris Wettst. x E. hirtella Jord. 624 Euphrasia picta Wimm. 616 Euphrasia polyadena Gr. et Roux 635 Euphrasia praebrevipila Chitr. 582, 586 Euphrasia praecurta Chitr. 600, 601 Euphrasia praerostkoviana Chitr. 633, 634, 635 Euphrasia pratensis Fr. 632 Euphrasia pseudomollis Juz. 612, 613 Euphrasia puberula Jord. 570 Euphrasia pubibunda Simonk 570 Euphrasia ramosa W. Bekr. 628 Euphrasia Regelii Wettst. 587, 588, 589, 591, 595, 596, 599 Euphrasia Reuteri Wettst. 574, 581, 582 Euphrasia rigida Lasch. 580 Euphrasia rigidula Jord. 603 Euphrasia Rostkoviana Hayne 632, 559, 586, 628, 631, 633, 634, 636 Euphrasia saamica Juz. 592 Euphrasia salisburgensis Funk 638, 639, 640 Euphrasia Schischkinii Serg.. 570, 573 Euphrasia Schlagintweitii Wettst. 631, ~ 632 Euphrasia schugnanica Juz. 591, 618, 619 Euphrasia scottica Wettst. 604 Euphrasia serotina Lam. 615 Euphrasia sevanensis Juz. 623, 625, 626 Euphrasia sibirica Serg. 573, 574 Euphrasia Sosnowskyi Kem.-Nath. 637, 638 Euphrasia speciosa Kem. 615 Euphrasia stricta Beck. et Szyszylowicz 639 Euphrasia stricta Host. 518, 579, 581 Euphrasia stricta x curta? Wettst. 581 Euphrasia stricta var. pilifera Kihlman 581 Euphrasia subpetiolaris Pugsl. 618 Euphrasia subpolaris Juz. 579, 593, 594 Euphrasia suecica urb. et Wettst. 581, 587 Euphrasia svavnica Kem.-Nath. 588 Euphrasia Syreitschikovii Govor 573, 574 Euphrasia tatarica Fisch. 570, 573, 574, 575, 577, 578, 579, 594, 601 Euphrasia tatarica Ldb. 635 Euphrasia tatrae Wettst. 606 Euphrasia taurica Ganesch. 627, 628 Euphrasia tenuis (Brenn.) Wettst. 559, 586, 587, Euphrasia tenuis f. eglandulosa et f. subeg- landulosa (Lindb. f.) 581 Euphrasia tenuis f. subeglandulosa x E. parviflora Schagerst. 602 Euphrasia Townsendiana Freyn 578 Euphrasia Tranzszelii Juz. 596 Euphrasia tricuspidata Allioni 639 Euphrasia Trixago Vis. 659 Euphrasia Uechtritziana Jung. et Engl. 601, 602 Euphrasia ussuriensis Juz. 569 Euphrasia varians Ganesch. 602, 603 Euphrasia verna Bell. 652 a Euphrasia versicolor Halcsy u. Braun 616 Euphrasia Willkommii Freyn’ 615, 628 Euphrasia Willkommii Wettst. 627 Euphrasia viscosa Pall 656 Euphrasia Woronowii Juz. 626 Euphrasieae Benth. trib. 530 Euphysalis Rydb., sect. 68 Eusolanum Bitter, subgen. 8 Eustachya coerulea Rafin. 495 Euveronica Griseb., sect. 356 Fasciculata Murb., sect. 123 Fedia maxima Roem. et Schult 432 Fistularia hungarica Borb. 685 Gerardia parviflora Benth. 527 Gerardieae Benth. 526 Glabri (So6) Vass., sect. 664 Glandulosi (So6) Vass., sect. 683 Globiflorae Benth., sect. 522 Grandes (Benth.) Wettst., sect. 193 Grandiflorae Benth., sect. 517 Gratiola L. 321 a Gratiola juncea Roxb. 320, 321 Gratiola officinalis L. 322 Gratiola japonica Mig. 323 Gratioleae Wettst. 310 Gymnandra Pall. 500 Gymnandra altaica Willd. 502 Gymnandra armena Boiss. 510 Gymnandra borealis Pall. 502,504, 505 Gymnandra borealis var. Pallasii Trautv. 502 Gymnandra dentata Willd. 505 Gymnandra elongata Willd. 502 Gymnandra Gmelini Cham. et Schlecht. 504 Gymnandra gracilis Willd. 505 Gymnandra integrifolia Willd. 502 Gymnandra longiflora Kar. et Kir. 502 Gymnandra minor Willd. 505 Gymnandra ovata Willd. 504 Gymnandra Pallasii Cham. et Schlecht. 502 Gymnandra reniformis Willd. 504 Gymnandra Stelleri Cham. et Schlecht. 505 Gymnandyra stolonifera C. Koch. 510 Hedystachys spicata Fourr. 381 722 Heterandra Franch., subsect. 123 Hirsuti (Soo) Vass., sect. 680 Hornemannia bicolor Willd. 316 Hummatu Rheede 113 Hyoscyaminae Dun. 86 Hyoscyamus L. 86 Hyoscyamus afghanicus Pojark. 90 Hyoscyamus albus L. 96 Hyoscyamus aureus Pall. 98 Hyoscyamus biennis Kreyer 53 Hyoscyamus bohemicus F. W. Schmidt. 95 Hyoscyamus bohemicus var. integrifolius (Wallr.) Pojark. 95 Hyoscyamus bohemicus var. pallidus (W. et K.) Pojark. 95 Hyoscyamus Camerarii Fisch. et Mey. 90 Hyoscyamus Camerarii B. villosum Koch 88 Hyoscyamus canariensis Ker. 97 Hyoscyamus kopetdaghi Pojark. 90 Hyoscyamus Kotschyanus Pojark. 90 Hyoscyamus major Mill. 97 Hyoscyamus micranthus G. Don 98 Hyoscyamus niger auct. 95 Hyoscyamus niger L. 93 Hyoscyamus niger 8. agrestis Koch 95 Hyoscyamus niger B. annuus Sims 95 Hyoscyamus niger biennis Corr. 93 Hyoscyamus niger spontaneus Corr. 93 Hyoscyamus orientalis M.B. 104 Hyoscyamus pallidus W. et K. 95 Hyoscyamus persicus Boiss.et Buhse 93 Hyoscyamus physaloides L. 104 Hyoscyamus pictus Roth. 35 Hyoscyamus pinnatifidus Schlecht. 88 Hyoscyamus pungens Griseb. 98 Hyoscyamus pusillus L. 98 Hyoscyamus reticulatus auct. 90, 92 Hyoscyamus reticulatus L. 88 Hyoscyamus reticulatus var. integrifolius Boiss. 90 Hyoscyamus Scopolia L. 100 Hyoscyamus squarrosus Griff. 88 Hyoscyamus turcomanicus Pojark. 92 Hyoscyamus varians Vis. 97 Hyoscyamus verviensis Lej. 95 Hyoscyamus vulgaris Neck. 93 Isandra Franch., subsect. 129 Jasminioides. flaccida Moench 82 Kickxia Dum. 176 Kickxia caucasimidi (Mussin) Kuprian. 178 Kickxia elatine auct. 178 Kickxia elatine (L.) Dum. 176 Kickxia spuria (L.) Dum. 176 Laeves Kuprian., subsect. 203 Lagotis Gaertn. 500 Lagotis altaica (Willd.) Smirn. 502 Lagotis borealis (Pall.) Baill. 503 Lagotis decumbens Rupr. 506 Lagotis glabra var. Stelleri Trautv. 505 Lagotis glauca Gaertn. 504 Lagotis glauca Korsh. 503 Lagotis glauca ssp. australis Maxim. 506 Lagotis glauca ssp. borealis var. Gmelini Maxim. 504 Lagotis glauca ssp. borealis var. Pallasii Maxim. 502 Lagotis glauca var. Pallasii Kryl. 501 Lagotis Gmelini Rupr. 504 Lagotis Grigorjevi Krassn. 506 Lagotis Iconnikovii Schischk. 509 Lagotis integrifolia (Willd.) Schischk. 502 Lagotis Korolkowii (Rgl. et Schmalh.) Maxim. 509 Lagotis minor (Willd.) Stand]. 505 Lagotis Pallasii (Cham. et Schlecht.) Rupr. 502 Lagotis reniformis Standl. 504 Lagotis Stelleri Rupr. 505 Lagotis stolonifera (C. Koch) Maxim. 510 Lagotis uralensis Schischk. 503 Lathraea L. 803 Lathraea squamaria L. 804 Laxiflora (Wettst.) Sod, sect. 543 Leptandra Nutt., gen. 494 Leptandra (Nutt.) Benth., sect. 494 Leptandra angustifolia Lehm. 494 Leptandra sibirica (L.) Nutt. 495 Leptandra tubiflora Fisch. et Mey. 495 Leptorhabdos Schrenk 526 Leptorhabdos Benthamiana Walp. 527 Leptorhabdos brevidens Fisch. 527 Leptorhabdos glutinosa Freyn 527 Leptorhabdos linifolia (Decne.) Walp. 527 Leptorhabdos micrantha Schrenk. 527 Leptorhabdos parviflora Benth. 527 Leptorhabdos parviflora var. glutinosa (Freyn) Ivanina 528 Leptorhabdos parviflora var. linifolia (Decne.) Ivanina 528 Leptostemonum Dun., subgen. 39 Leptostemum Bitter 39 Lesquereuxia Boiss. et Reut. 795 Limosella L. 324 Limosella aquatica L. 324 Limoselia aquatica var. diandra (Krock.) Mart. 325 Limosella aquatica var. tenuifolia Lej 325 Linaria Mill. 178 Linaria acutiloba Fisch. 202 Linaria adzarica Kem.-Nath. 193 Linaria albifrons (Sibth. et Sm.) Spreng. 225 Linaria altaica Fisch. 207 Linaria altaica Kryl. 215 Linaria ambigua M. Pop. 203 Linaria armeniaca Chav. 218 Linaria arvensis (L.) Desf. 222 Linaria arvensis B. Desf. 223 Linaria baldschuanica B. Fedtsch. 205 Linaria bessarabica Kotov. 197 Linaria Besseriana Rchb. 216 Linaria Biebersteinii Bess. 97 Linaria Biebersteinii Grossh. 97 Linaria bipartita (Vent.) Willd. 179, 218 Linaria brachyceras (Bge.) Kuprian. 210 Linaria Bungei Kuprian. 206 Linaria buriatica Turcz. 196 Linaria calycina Boiss. et Bal. 188 Linaria canadensis (L.) Dum. 179, 218 Linaria caucasica Mussin 178 Linaria chalepensis (L.) Mill. 179, 217 Linaria chloraefolia Rchb. 188 Linaria cordifolia Boiss. 219 Linaria corifolia Desf. 219 Linaria corrugata Karjag. 219 Linaria cretacea Fisch. 221 Linaria cretacea auct. 221, 222 Linaria creticola Kuprian. 221 Linaria Cymbalaria (L.) Mill. 176 Linaria dalmatica Ldb. "187 723 Linaria dalmatica var. stegophylla Bordz. 188 Linaria dalmatica 8. grandiflora Bordz. 187 Linaria dalmatica Mill. 189 Linaria debilis Kuprian. 215 Linaria dolichocarpa Klok. 208 Linaria dolichoceras Kuprian. 210 Linaria dschorochensis C. Koch. 219 Linaria dulcis Klok. 209 Linaria elatine Ldb. 178 Linaria elatine Mill. 177 Linaria elymaitica (Boiss.) Kuprian. 217 Linaria euxina Velen. 190 Linaria fastigiata B. Fedtsch. 205 Linaria genistifolia Boiss. 189 Linaria genistifolia (L.) Mill. 188 Linaria grandiflora Desf. 187 Linaria Grossheimii Kuprian. 201 Linaria hepatica Bge. 205 Linaria iberica Kem.-Nath. 189 Linaria imerethica Kem.-Nath. 189 Linaria incompleta Kuprian. 215 . Linaria italica Trev. 197 Linaria italica a. strictissima Schur. 197 Linaria japonica Mig. 203, 220 Linaria juncea Rchb. 208 Linaria Kantschavelii Kem.-Nath. 198 Linaria kokanica Rg]. 204 Linaria kopetdaghensis Kuprian. 194 Linaria kulabensis B. Fedtsch. 205 Linaria kurdica Boiss. 195 Linaria kurdica var. hajastanica Bordz. 195 Linaria lenkoranica Kuprian. 194 Linaria leptoceras Kuprian. 211 Linaria lineolata B. elymaitica Boiss. 217 Linaria Loeselii Schweig. 209 Linaria Loeselii yy. brachyceras Bge. 210 Linaria Loeselii a. minor Ldb. 210 Linaria macrophylla Kuprian. 215 Linaria macroura auct. 215 Linaria macroura Korsh. 215 Linaria macroura a. simplex Ldb. 215 Linaria macroura 2. Besseriana Chav. 216 Linaria macroura -y. hepatica (Bge.) Benth. 205 Linaria macroura (M.B.) Chav. 216 724 Linaria maeotica Klok. 197 Linaria maritima Rchb. 209 Linaria malampyroides Kuprian. 202 Linaria menisperma Klok. 221 Linaria Meyeri Kuprian. 212 Linaria micrantha (Cav.) Hoffmg. et Link. 224 Linaria minor Ldb. 227 Linaria minutiflora C. A. Mey. 225 Linaria monochroma Boiss. 190 Linaria monspessulana (L.) Mill. 219 Linaria odora (M. B.) Fisch. 208 Linaria odora Korsh. 207 Linaria odora Schmalh. 209 Linaria odora ssp. brachyceras Kuprian. 210 Linaria odora a. major Krylov. 207 Linaria odora 8. brachyceras Ldb. 210 Linaria odora B. violacea Ldb. 206 Linaria pedicellata Kuprian. 211 Linaria Pelisseriana (L.) DC. 224 Linaria persica Boiss. 228 Linaria petraea Stev. 193 Linaria pontica Kuprian. 189 Linaria Popovii Kuprian. 203 Linaria praecox Bge. 206 Linaria praecox 8. ramosa Kar. et Kir. 207 Linaria praedita Boiss. 190 Linaria pyramidata (Lam.) Spreng. 194 Linaria pyramidata Ldb. 194 Linaria pyramidata O. et B. Fedtsch. 194 Linaria ramosa (Kar. et Kir.) Kuprian. 207 Linaria reflexa (L.) Desf. 220 Linaria rupestris C. A. Mey. 212 Linaria ruthenica Blonski 197 Linaria rytidosperma Boiss. 228 Linaria sabulosa Czern. 190 Linaria scenoreina Juz. 189 Linaria segetalis C. Koch 218 Linaria sessilis Kuprian. 204 Linaria Schelkovnikovii Schischk. 198 Linaria schirvanica Fom. 216 Linaria simplex O. et B. Fedtsch. 223 Linaria simplex M. Pop. 224 Linaria simplex (Willd.) DC. 223 Linaria somchetica Bordz. 198 Linaria spuria (L.) Mill. 178 Linaria striatella Kuprian. 211 Linaria stricta Ldb. 217 Linaria syspirensis C. Koch 193 Linaria tesquicola Klok. 197 Linaria transiliensis Kuprian. 206 Linaria turcomanica Kuprian. 223 Linaria uralensis Kotov. 207 Linaria violacea Mey. 216 Linaria viscida Moench 227 Linaria vulgaris Mill. 201 Linaria vulgaris var. communis Kryl. 201 Linaria vulgaris var. latifolia Kryl. 202 Linaria vulgaris Kom. et Alis. 202 Linaria vulgaris Fedtsch. 197, 202 Lindernia All. 327 Lindernia diffusa (L.) Wettst. 326 Lindernia japonica Thunb. 316 Lindernia pyxidaria All. 328 Lucidae Stiefelhag., subsect. 275 Lyciinae Wettst. 71 Lycium L. 77 Lycium barbarum auct. 78, 84 Lycium barbarum L. 82 Lycium barbarum var. lanceolatum (Poir.) C.K. Schn. 83 Lycium chinense Mill. 83 Lycium dasystemum Poir. 84 Lycium depressum Stoks. 78, 80 Lycium europaeum L. 78 Lycium europeum Pall. 80 Lycium flaccidum C. Koch 82 Lycium flexicaule Pojark. 81 Lycium halimifolium Mill. 82 Lycium kopetdaghi Pojark. 85 Lycium Janceolatum Poir. 83 Lycium orientale Miers 78 Lycium Potaninii Pojark. 82 Lycium ruthenicum Murr. 80 Lycium ruthenicum f. brevifolia O. Ktze. 80 Lycium subglobosum #8. lanceolatum Dun. 82 Lycium subglobosum +. leptophyllum Dun. 82 Lycium tataricum Pall. 80 Lycium tataricum B. minus Pall. 78 Lycium Trewianum Roem. et Schult. 84 Lycium turbinatum Poir. 82, 83 Lycium turcomanicum auct. 84 Lycium turcomanicum Turcz. 78, 80 Lycium ft comanicum filamentis basi glabris Lipsky 79 Lycium vulgare Dun. 82 Lycopersicon Mill. 42 Lycopersicon esculentum Alef. 50 Lycopersicon esculentum Dun. 55 Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. 55 Lycopersicon esculentum x L. pimpinel- lifolium (Jusl.) Mill. 49 Lycopersicon esculentum ssp. Humboldtii (Willd.) Luckwill 49, 50 Lycopersicon esculentum ssp. inter- medium Luckwill 49, 50 Lycopersicon esculentum ssp. typicum Luckwill. 55 Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. s.1. 50 Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. s. esculen- tum Prokh. 55 Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. var. com- mune Bailey 56 Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. var escu- lentum Prokh. 56 Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. var. gran- diflorum Bailey 56 Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. var. validum Bailey 57 Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. Galeni (Mill.) Luckwill 52, 54 Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. var. Galeni Prokh. 54 Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. var. pyri- forme (Dun.). Alef. 54 Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. var. cerasiforme (Dun.) A. Gray 52, 54 Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. var. cerasiforme f. pyriforme (Dun.) C.H. Mull 54 Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. var. vul- gare Bailey 56 Lycopersicon Galeni Mill. 52, 54 Lycopersicon Humboldtii (Willd.) Dun. 49, 50 Lycopersicon Humboldtii var. inter- medium (Lukwill) Prokh. 50 Lycopersicon Humboldtii var. Humboldtii (Willd.) Prokh. 50 Lycopersicon Lycopersicon Britt. a. Brown 50 Lycopersicon peruvianum (L.) Mill 45 Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium (Jusl.) Mill. 47 Lycopersicon pomum-amoris Moench. 50-55 Lycopersicon solanum Medic. 55 725 Lycopersicum Hill 42 Lycopersicum atacamense Phil. 45 Lycopersicum bipinnatifidum Phil. 45 Lycopersicum cerasiforme Dun. 52, 54 Lycopersicum chilense Dun. 45 Lycopersicum commutatum Roem. et Schult. 45 Lycopersicum dentatum Dun. 45 Lycopersicum inodorum Juss. 47 Lycopersicum lycopersicum (L.) Karst. 50 Lycopersicum macrophyllum Guss. 55, 56 Lycopersicum peruvianum Dun. 45 Lycopersicum phillipinarum Dun. 52, 54 Lycopersicum pimpinellifolium Dun. 47 Lycopersicum pyriforme Dun. 52, 54 Lycopersicum puberulum Phil. 45 Lycopersicum racemiforme Lange 47 Lycopersicum racemigerum Lange 47 Lycopersicum spurium (Gmell.) Link 52, 54 Lycopersicum tuberosum Mill. 8 Macrosiphon Hochst. 529 Macrostemon Boriss., sect 481, 809 Mandragora L. 75 Mandragora turcomanica Mizgir 75 Margaranthinae Baehni 60 Marinella Bubani 533 Marinella cristata Bubani 536 Marinella vulgaris Bubani 552 Mazus Lour 316 Mazus japonicus (Thunb.) O. Ktze. 316 Mazus rugosus Lour. 316 Mazus stachydifolius (Turcz.) Maxim. 317 Mazus vandellioides Hance 316 Megasperma (Lehm.) Boriss., sect. 413 Megasperma Lehm., gruppe 413 Megista Fourr., gen 63 Megista maxima Fourr 64 Megista (Fourr.) Rydb., sect. 63 Melampyrum L. 533 Melampyrum aestivale (Ronnig.) Stank. 549 Melampyrum Alboffianum Beauv. 539 Melampyrum argyrocomum Fisch. 541 Melampyrum arvense L. 540° Melampyrum arvense ssp. argyrocomum (Fisch.) K.-Pol. 541 726 Melampyrum arvense (Fisch.) barbatum (W. et K.) Beauv. var. erivanicum Beauv. 542 Melampyrum arvense ssp. elatius Beauv. 541 Melampyrum arvense ssp. pseudobarba- tum Schur. 541 Melampyrum arvense ssp. Schinzii Ron- nig. 540 Melampyrum arvense ssp. Semleri Ron- nig. et Poeverl. 540 Melampyrum arvense var. albiflorum Celak. 541 Melampyrum arvense var. impunctatum Godr. 541 Melampyrum arvense var. purpurascens (Gilib.) Litw. 540 Melampyrum arvense subvar. Schinzii Beauv. 540 Melampyrum arvense subvar. Semleri Beauv. 540 Melampyrum arvense 8. argyrocomum Fisch. 541 Melampyrum arvense #. bracteis florib. pollidis M. B. 541 Melampyrum arvense 8. elatius Boiss. 542 Melampyrum arvensis B. linifolium C. Koch 542 Melampyrum barbatum Benth. 537 Melampyrum barbatum Ldb. 538 Melampyrum carpaticum Schult. 550 Melampyrum caucasicum Alboff 539 Melampyrum caucasicum Bge. 538 Melampyrum caucasicum Bge. ssp. Al- boffianum (Beauv.) S06 539 Melampyrum caucasicum Bge. subvar. b. stenophyllum Beauv. 538 Melampyrum caucasicum f. latifolium Gorschk. 538 Melampyrum caucasicum Boiss. 537 Melampyrum chlorostachys Hohen. 537 Melampyrum chlorostachyum Beauv. 537 Melampyrum coerulescens Gilib. 543 Melampyrum coeruleum Guldenst. 543 Melampyrum cretaceum Czermn. 541 Melampyrum cristatum L. 536 Melampyrum cristatum ssp. solstitiale Ronnig. 536 Melampyrum cristatum var. +. solstitiale Maly 536 Melampyrum cristatum subvar. eu- solstitiale (Ronnig.) Beauv. 536 Melampyrum cristatum f. purpurascens Nas. 536, 537 Melampyrum elatius Reuter 542 Melampyrum elatius f. linifolium Beauv. 542 Melampyrum Grossheimii K.-Pol. 539 Melampyrum hastatum Gilib. 552 Melampyrum Herbichii Woloszczak 550 Melampyrum hyans Gilib. 549 Melampyrum iedoense Mig. 545 Melampyrum intermedium (Ronnig.) Stank. 549 Melampyrum laciniatum Koshewn. et Zing. 553 Melampyrum Jaricetorum Kern. 550 Melampyrum moravicum H. Braun 543 Melampyrum nemorosum L. 543 Melampyrum nemorosum ssp. moravicum (H. Braun) Ronnig. 543 Melampyrum nemorosum ssp. nemorosum Beauv. var. polonicum Beauv. 545 Melampyrum nemorosum ssp. nemorosum Beauv. var. polonicum Beauv. f. depauperatum Beauv. 545 Melampyrum nemorosum ssp. typicum Ganesch. 543, 544 Melampyrum nemorosum ssp. typicum Ganesch. var. angustifolium Ganesch. 545, Melampyrum nemorosum ssp. Zingeri Ganesch. 544 Melampyrum nemorosum var. angusti- folium Ganesch. 544 Melampyrum nemorosum var. latifolium Neilreich subvar. b. moravicum Beauv. 543 Melampyrum nemorosum var. stiriacum Beauv. 543 Melampyrum nemorosum var. stiriacum Beauv. f. microphyllum Beauv. 543 Melampyrum nemorosum var.” stiriacum Beauv. f. nanum Beauv. 543 Melampyrum polonicum (Beauv.) Sod 545 Melampyrum polonicum var. angusti- folium Ganesch. 545 Melampyrum polonicum f. galianum Sod 545 Melampyrum pratense L. 552 Melampyrum pratense ssp. vulgatum (Pers.) (Ronnig). 552 Melampyrum pratense ssp. vulgatum (Pers.) Sod 553 Melampyrum pratense ssp. vulgatum var. vulgatum Beauv. 552 Melampyrum pratense ssp. vulgatum (Pers.) Beauv. var. vulgatum Beauv. subvar. digitatum Schur. f. lacinia- tum (Kosh. et Zing.) Beauv. 553 Melampyrum pratense var. integerrimum Doell. 552 Melampyrum pratense var. Jlaciniatum (Koshewn. et Zing.) Schmalh. 553 Melampyrum pratense var. purpurascens Aschers. 553 Melampyrum pratense var. sibiricum Beauv. 552 Melampyrum pratense var. vulgatum Beck. spy? Melampyrum purpurascens Gilib. 540 Melampyrum Ronnigeri Poeverl. 536 Melampyrum roseum Maxim. 545 Melampyrum roseum ssp. euroseum Beauv. 545 Melampyrum roseum ssp. euroseum Beauv. var. setaceum Maxim. f. gen- uinum Beauv. 546 Melampyrum roseum var. hirsutum Beauv. 546 Melampyrum roseum var. setaceum Melampyrum roseum Maxim. 546 Melampyrum roseum var. setaceum Maxim. f. latifolium Beauv. 545 Melampyrum roseum var. typicum Fr. et Sav. 545 Melampyrum roseum f. Beauverdii Sod 545 Melampyrum saxosum Baumg. 551 Melampyrum Schinzii (Ronnig.) Stank. 540 Melampyrum Semleri (Ronnig. et Poev- erl.) Stank. 540 Melampyrum setaceum (Maxim.) Nakai 546 Melampyrum setaceum var. genuinum Nakai 546 727 Melampyrum setaceum f. congestum Nakai 546 Melampyrum setaceum £. Jatifolium Nakai 549 Melampyrum setosum Kom. 546 Melampyrum silvaticum L. 549 Melampyrum silvaticum ssp. aestivale Ronnig. 549 Melampyrum silvaticum ssp. Herbichii (Woloszczak.) Sod. 550 Melampyrum silvaticum ssp. saxosum (Baumg.) Beauv. 551 Melampyrum silvaticum ssp. intermedium Ronnig. et Schinz. 549 Melampyrum silvaticum ssp. saxosum (Baumg.) Beauv. var. Herbichii Beauv. 550 Melampyrum silvaticum ssp. f. angusti- folium Gort. 550 _Melampyrum silvaticum ssp. f. latifolium Hartm. 550 Melampyrum solstitiale Ronnig. 536 Melampyrum solstitiale Stank. 536 Melampyrum vulgatum Pers. 552 Melanodyctii Pojark., subsect. 88 Melongena Dun., sect. 39 Melongena Mill., gen. 39 Mimulopsis Boiss., subsect. 252 Mimulus L. 310 Mimulus alectorolophus Scop. 680 Mimulus guttatus DC. 312 Mimulus luteus Benth. 312 Mimulus moschatus Dougl.-Lindl. 315 Mimulus nepalensis Benth. 315 Mimulus nepalensis Grant 314 Mimulus parviflorus Lindl. 314 Mimulus pilosiusculus H. B. K. 313, 314 Mimulus ringens L. 312 Mimulus sessilifolius Maxim. 315 Mimulus stolonifer Novopokr. 314 Mimulus tenellus Bge. 314 Minores Stern., sect. 675 Minutiflora Benth., sect. 224 Monochasma Maxim., gen. 797 Morella Dun., subsect. 22 Morella (Dun.) Bitter., sect. 22 Nathaliella B. Fedtsch. 511 Nathaliella alaica B. Fedtsch. 511 Naviculares Boriss., subsect. 462 728 Nemorosa Soo, subsect. 543 Nicandra Adans. 115 Nicandra physaloides (L.) Gaertn. 116 Nicandreae Wettst. 117 Nicandrinae Bachni, subtrib. 115 Nicotiana L. 106 Nicotiana rustica L. 108 Nicotiana tabacum L. 106 Nicotianeae G. Don. 105 Nicotianinae Dun. 106 Obtusiscpalum Wettst., sect. 543 Odontites Zinn 649 Odontites Aucheri Boiss. 648 Odontites breviflora Rgl. 651 Odontites glutinosa (M. B.) Benth. 656 Odontites litoralis Fries. 655 Odontites lutea Rchb. 647 Odontites rubra Gilib. 650 Odontites rubravar. serotina (Lam.) Prantl. 650 Odontites rubravar. verna Pers. 652 Odontites salina Kotov 652 Odontites serotina (Lam.) Dum. 650 Odontites serotina (Lam.) Rchb. 650 Odontites serotina salina Kotov 652 Odontites simplex Krok. 655 Odontites verna (Ball.) Dum. 652 Odontites verna (Bell.) Rchb. 650 Omphalospora Bess., sect. 392, 418 Omphalothrix Maxim. 640 Omphalothrix longipes Maxim. 640 Oreosolen Hook. 511 Oreosolen alaicus (B. Fedtsch.) Pavl. 511 Orientales Stiefelhag., subsect. 273 Ortantha (Benth.) Kern. 647 Ortantha Aucheri (Boiss.) Wettst. 648 Ortantha lutea (L.) Kern. 647 Pachistemonum Dun.— Paederota Wettst., sect. 492 Paederota angustifolia Turcz. 494 Paederota Bonarota Schangin 486 Paederota humilis Stephan 486 Paederota pontica Rupr. 492 Paederota pontica vat. glabra Somm. et Lev. 493 Paederota sibirica Walpers 495 Paederota tubiflora Walpers 494 Paederotella (Wulff) Kem.-Nath., gen. 329, 492 Paederotella (Wulff) Boriss., subsect. 492 Paederotella Wulff, sect. 492 Paederotella pontica (Rupr.) Kem.-Nath. 492 Paederotella 493 Paradanthus Grant., sect. 314 Parentucellia Viv. 641 Parentucellia flaviflora (Boiss.) Nevski 645 Parentucellia latifolia (L.) Caruel 642 Parentucellia viscosa (L.) Caruel 646 Pedicularis L. 687 Pedicularis abrotanifolia auct. 729 Pedicularis abrotanifolia var. longiflora Rgl. 729 Pedicularis abrotanifolia M. B. 730 Pedicularis abrotanifolia var. altaica Maxim. 731 Pedicularis abrotanifolia var. glabrescens Bge. 731 Pedicularis abrotanifolia var. mongolica Maxim. 731 Pedicularis abrotanifolia var. typica Bge. 731 Pedicularis achilleifolia auct. 762 Pedicularis achilleifolia Steph. 761 Pedicularis acmodonta Boiss. 764 Pedicularis Adamsii Hulten 782 Pedicularis adunca M. B. 774 Pedicularis alatauica Stadim. 755, 813 Pedicularis Alberti Rgl. 786 Pedicularis almaatensis M. Pop. 755 Pedicularis alopecuroides Adams 782 Pedicularis alopecuroides Stev. 782 Pedicularis altaica Maxim. 772 Pedicularis altaica Steph. 771 Pedicularis amoena Adams 709 Pedicularis amoena auct. 708 Pedicularis amoena Maxim. 705 Pedicularis amoena var. elatior Rgl. 705 Pedicularis amoena var. violascens Rgl. 710 Pedicularis amoeniflora Vved. 721, 810 Pedicularis apodochila Sugaw. 741 Pedicularis araratica Bge. 795 Pedicularis arctica Adams 784 Pedicularis arctica M. B. 709 Pedicularis arctica R. Br. 783 teberdensis Kem.-Nath. Pedicularis arguteserrata Vved. 706, 809 Pedicularis aymena Bge. 705 Pedicularis armena Boiss. et Huet 712 Pedicularis atripurpurea Nordm. 789 Pedicularis balkarica E. Busch. 791 Pedicularis brachystachys Bge. 746 Pedicularis breviflora Bonati 757 Pedicularis campylisipho C. Koch 788 Pedicularis capitata Adams 792 Pedicularis carpatica Pork. 788 Pedicularis caucasica auct. 712 Pedicularis caucasica M. B. 712 Pedicularis Chamissonis Stev. 704 Pedicularis cheilanthifolia Schrenk 713 Pedicularis cheilanthifolia var. variegata Rupr. 713 Pedicularis chorgossica Rgl. et Winkl. 719 Pedicularis chroorrhyncha Vved. 767, 815 Pedicularis comosa auct. 764, 767, 768 Pedicularis comosa var. acmodonta Boiss. 764 Pedicularis comosa var. Sibthorpii Boiss. 766 Pedicularis comosa var. venusta Bge. 769 Pedicularis compacta Stev. 748 Pedicularis condensats M. B. 788 Pedicularis crassirostris Bge. 705 Pedicularis crassirostris var. araratica Krause 705 Pedicularis daghestanica Bonati 765 Pedicularis dasyantha Hadac 782 Pedicularis dasystachys Schrenk 749 Pedicularis Doelingeriana Nordm. 789 Pedicularis dolichorrhiza Schrenk 757 Pedicularis dubia B. Fedtsch. 769 Pedicularis elata Willd. 744 Pedicularis erecta Gilib. 775 Pedicularis eriophora Turcz. 708 Pedicularis eriostachys Ldb. 739 Pedicularis exaltata Bess. 787 Pedicularis euphrasioides Steph. 738 Pedicularis Fedtschenkoi Bonati 750 Pedicularis Fedtschenkoi Vved. 754 Pedicularis Fischeri Adams 760 Pedicularis fissa Turcz. 758 Pedicularis flava Ldb. 750 Pedicularis flava var. altaica Bge. 750 729 Pedicularis flava var. conica Bge. 750 Pedicularis flava Pall. 760 Pedicularis foliosa auct. 787, 788 Pedicularis Gobii Krassn. 786 Pedicularis grandiflora Fisch. 794 Pedicularis grandis M. Pop. 756, 814 Pedicularis Hacketii Graf. 788 Pedicularis Hacketii ssp. exaltata Kloster 787 Pedicularis hians Eastw. 783 Pedicularis hirsuta L. 784 Pedicularis Hulteniana Li 703 Pedicularis hyperborea Vved. 777, 817 Pedicularis incarnata L. 747 Pedicularis inconspicua Vved. 724, 811 Pedicularis interrupta Steph. 715 Pedicularis karatavica Pavl. 727 Pedicularis Karoi Freyn 776 Pedicularis Kaufmannii Pinzger 764 Pedicularis Koidzumiana Tatew. et Ohwi 742 Pedicularis Korolkovii Rg]. 707 Pedicularis Krylovii Bonati 762 Pedicularis Kusnetzovii Kom. 732 Pedicularis labradorica Wirsing. 738 Pedicularis Jaeta Stev. 749 Pedicularis lanata auct. 778, 781, 782 Pedicularis Janata Pall. 781 Pedicularis Janata var. Bekotowii Krassn. 786 Pedicularis Janata Willd. 778 Pedicularis Janata var. alopecuroides Trautv. 782 Pedicularis Janata var. dasyantha Trautv. 782 Pedicularis Janata var. leiantha Trautv. 778, 781 Pedicularis Langsdorffii Fisch. 783 Pedicularis Janata var. gymnostemon Trautv. 782 Pedicularis Janata var. 3.Stev. 778,781, 782 Pedicularis lapponica L. 775 Pedicularis lasiostachys Bge. 759 Pedicularis Jepidota Wimm. 738 Pedicularis longiflora Rudolph 699 Pedicularis Ludwigii Rgl. 729 Pedicularis macrochila Vved. 705 Pedicularis mandshurica Maxim. 756 Pedicularis Mariae Rgl. 772 Pedicularis Maximoviczii Krassn. 728 730 Pedicularis myriophylla Pall. 729 Pedicularis nasutaM. B. 741 Pedicularis Nelsonii R. Br. 793 Pedicularis Nordmanniana Bge. 745 Pedicularis nudicaulis C. Koch 712 Pedicularis Oederi Vahl 785 Pedicularis Oederi var. rubra Maxim. 786 Pedicularis Olgae Rgl. 720 Pedicularis opsiantha Ekm. 775 Pedicularis Pallasii Vved. 781, 817 Pedicularis palustris auct. 776 Pedicularis palustris Cham. et Schlecht. Uy Pedicularis palustris L. 775 palustris var. Willd. 774 Pedicularis var. Wlassowiana auct. 776 Pedicularis Panjutinii E. Busch 790 Pedicularis parviflora Kom. 774 Pedicularis parvifora Kryl. 777 Pedicularis peduncularis M. Pop. 700 Pedicularis Pennellii Hulten 777 Pedicularis physocalyx auct. 754 Pedicularis physocalyx Bge. 750 Pedicularis platyrrhyncha Schrenk 716 Pedicularis pontica Boiss. 712 Pedicularis Popovii Vved. 726, 812 Pedicularis proboscidea Stev. 745 Pedicularis procumbens Gilib. 773 Pedicularis pseudo-Karoi Bonati 776 Pedicularis pubiflora Vved. 754, 812 Pedicularis pulchra Pauls. 722 Pedicularis purpurascens Cham. 783 Pedicularis pycnantha auct. 720 Pedicularis pycnantha Boiss. 719 Pedicularis pycnantha var. Semenowii Prain 725 Pedicularis resupinata L. 737 Pedicularis rhinanthoides Schrenk 700 Pedicularis rhinanthoides ssp. rotundata Vved. 700 Pedicularis rhinanthoides var. flaviflora Bonati 700 Pedicularis Romanzovii Cham. 704 Pedicularis rubens Steph. 760 Pedicularis rubens var. alatavica K. et K. 742, 749 Pedicularis rubens var. altaica Bge. 742 Pedicularis rubens var. alpina Bge. 758 Pedicularis rubens var. davurica Bge. 760 Pedicularis rubens var. desertorum Bge. 749 Pedicularis Rubinskii Kom. 774 Pedicularis sachalinensis Miabe et Miyake 7714 Pedicularis sajanensis Steph. 789 Pedicularis sceptrum Bge. 793 Pedicularis sceptrum-carolinum L. 793 Pedicularis schistostegia Vved. 770 Pedicularis schugnana B. Fedtsch. 772 Pedicularis Semenovii Rgl. 725 Pedicularis sibirica Vved. 767, 816 Pedicularis Sibthorpii auct. 767 Pedicularis Sibthorpii Boiss. 766 Pedicularis Socalskii Bonati 710 Pedicularis songarica auct. 754 Pedicularis songarica Schrenk 753 Pedicularis sphagnicola Kom. 774 Pedicularis spicata Pall. 781 Pedicularis Stelleriana Pall. 792 Pedicularis Stevenii Bge. 714 Pedicularis striata Pall. 743 Pedicularis subrostrataC. A.M. 711 Pedicularis sudetica auct. 741 Pedicularis sudetica Willd. 739 Pedicularis sudetica var. gymnostachya Trautv. 741 Pedicularis sudetica var. macrodontha K. GELS 758) Pedicularis sumana var. exaltata Limpr. 787 Pedicularis sylvatica L. 773 Pedicularis talassica Vved. 762, 814 Pedicularis tanacetifolia Adams 739 Pedicularis tanacetifolia Bge. 749 Pedicularis Tatianae Bordz. 788 Pedicularis teucriifolia Stev. 738 Pedicularis tianschanica Rupr. . 703 Pedicularis transsilvanica Schur 788 Pedicularis tristis L. 736 Pedicularis tubiflora Fisch. 699 Pedicularis uliginosa Rge. 742 Pedicularis uncinata Steph. 747 Pedicularis uralensis Vved. 768, 816 Pedicularis Verae Vved. 723, 810 Pedicularis venusta Schangin 769 Pedicularis venusta var. Maxim. 770 Pedicularis venusta var. Schmidtii Nakai 770 Pedicularis versicolor Wahlenb. 785 Pedicularis verticellata auct. 705 Pedicularis verticillata L. 714 Pedicularis villobracteata C. Koch ‘789 Pedicularis villosa Ldb. 740 Pedicularis villosa var. glabrata Trautv. 741 Pedicularis violascens Schrenk 789 Pedicularis Vlassoviana Stev. 776 Pedicularis Waldheimii Bonati 727 Pedicularis Willdenovii Vved. 778 Pedicularis Wilhelmsiana Fisch. 791 Pedicularis yezoensis Maxim. 737 Pedicularis zeravschanica auct. 723, 724 Pedicularis zerawschanica Rgl. 723 Pentagonia Heist. 115 Pentastemon L’Herit. 308 Pentastemon frutescens Lamb. 309 Pharyngodon Bge., sect. 774 Phtheirospermum Bge. 555 Phtheirospermum chinense Bge. 555 Physaliastrum Makino 60 Physaliastrum chamaesarachoides Mak. 61 Physaliastrum echinatum (Yatabe) Myk. 61 Physaliastrum japonicum (Fr. et Sav.) Honda 61 Physaliastrum japonicum Kitamura 61 Physaliastrum Kumurai Mak. 61 Physaliastrum Savatieri (Bak.) Mak. 61 Physalidinae Baehni 62 Physalis L. 62 Physalis aequata Jacq. f. 68, 69 Physalis alkekengi auct. 65, 67 Physalis alkekengi L. 64 Physalis angulataL. 69 Physalis Bunyardi Mak. 66 Physalis daturaefolia Lam. 116 Physalis edulis Sims 70 Physalis esculenta Salisb. 70 Physalis Franchetii Mast. 66 Physalis Francheti var. Bunyardii Kitag. 65 Physalis Franchetii var. Bunyardi Mak. 66 Physalis halicacabum Crantz 64 Physalis glabripes Pojark. 65, 67, 68 Physalis hirsuta Dun. 69 Physalis ixocarpa Brot. 68 Physalis peruviana L. 70 Physalis peruviana Mill. 116 Physalis praetermissa Pojark. 67, 68 731 Physalis pubescens L. 69 Physalis pubescens R. Br. 70 Physalis ramosa Mill. 69 Physalis subgen. Alkekengi Bitt. 63 Physalodes Boehm. peruvianum Ktze. 115, 116 Physochlaena Miers 103 Physochlaena dahurica Miers 104 Physochlaena dubia Pascher 104 Physochlaena physaloides Miers 104 Physochlaena pseudophysaloides Pascher 104 Physochlaina G. Don 103 Physochlaina orientalis (M. B.) G. Don . 104 Physochlaina physaloides (L.) G. Don . 104 Physochlaina Semenowii Rgl. 105 Planiconvexae Boriss., subsect. 430 Pratensia Soo, subsect. 552 Prismatanthus Hook. et Am. 795 Probosciphora Neck. 686 Protocryptocarpum Bitt., sect. 42 Pseudolysimachia C. Koch., sect. 367 Pseudolysimachion Opiz., gen. 329, 367 Pseudolysimachion cristatum Opiz 384 Pseudolysimachion longifolium Opiz 368 Pseudolysimachion spicatum Opiz 381 Pseudosolanoideae Wettst., subfam. 122 Psolanum Neck. 42 Pycnanthium Boiss. pro sect. 275 Rhamphicarpa Benth. 529 Rhamphicarpa Medwedewii Alb. 529 ‘Rhinantheae Wettst. 530 Rhinanthoideae Wettst., subfam. 329 Rhinanthus L. 596 Rhinanthus abbreviatus (Murb.) Schinz. 684 Rhinanthus aestivalis (Zing.) B. Schischk et Serg. 665 Rhinanthus alectorolophus (Scop.) Poll. 680 Rhinanthus alectorolophus ssp. buccalis Stern. 673 Rhinanthus alectorolophus (Scop.) Pall. grex medius |. typus Sod 680 Rhinanthus alectorolophus ssp. patulus Sod 680 732 Rhinanthus alectorolophus y. patulus Chab. 680 Rhinanthus alpinus Lam. 657 Rhinanthus alpinus Baumg. 678 Rhinanthus alpinus ssp. carpaticus Sod 678 Rhinanthus alpinus typus Soo 678 Rhinanthus angustifolius Celak. 664 Rhinanthus angustifolius Gmel. 675 Rhinanthus apterus (Fries) Ostenf. 673 Rhinanthus arcticus (Stern.) Vass. 679 Rhinanthus arvensis Chab. 681 Rhinanthus borealis (Stern.) Druce 679 Rhinanthus cretaceus Vass. 666 Rhinanthus colchicus Vass. 681 Rhinanthus crista-galli var. mediterra- neus Fiori 682 Rhinanthus crista-galli var. minor Doll 676 Rhinanthus crista-galli var. rusticulus (Chab.) So6 677 Rhinanthus crista-galli var. a angustifo- lia montana L. 675 Rhinanthus crista-galli 8. angustifolius Gaud. 676 Rhinanthus elephas L. 687 Rhinanthus elephas var. erecta Boiss. 687 Rhinanthus ellipticus (Hausskn.) Schinz et Thell. 681 Rhinanthus fallax (Wimm. et Grab.) Chab. 684 Rhinanthus ferganensis Vass. 672 Rhinanthus glauca Poir. 504 Rhinanthus groenlandicus (Ostenf.) Chab. 678 Rhinanthus Handel-Mazzetianus ssp. ar- meniacus Sod 682 Rhinanthus hirsutus (All.) Greml. 680 Rhinanthus hungarious (Borb.) So6 685 Rhinanthus major Ehrh. 660 Rhinanthus major L. 680 Rhinanthus major ssp. aestivalis Sod 665 Rhinanthus major ssp. eumajor Schinz. et Thell. 666 Rhinanthus major var. Fetissovianus Chab. 685 Rhinanthus major var. glabra Rchb. 667 Rhinanthus major var. glandulosus Simk. 683 Rhinanthus major 3. hirsutus Velen. 683 Rhinanthus major 1. typus Soo 660 Rhinanthus mediterraneus (Stern.) Adamovic 682 Rhinanthus minor L. 676 Rhinanthus minor var. rusticulus Chab. 677 Rhinanthus minor var. septentrionalis Kihl. 677 Rhinanthus minor var. stenophyllus Schur. 675 Rhinanthus montanus Saut. 664 Rhinanthus nigricans Meinsh. 675 Rhinanthus orientalis L. 686 Rhinanthus Osilensis (Ronn. et Saars.) Vass. 684 Rhinanthus patulus (Stern.) Thell. et Schinz. 680 Rhinanthus pectinatus (Behrend.) Vass. 668 Rhinanthus ponticus (Stern.) Vass. 667 Rhinanthus pseudomontanus V. Krecz. 685 Rhinanthus pseudosongoricus Vass. 685 Rhinanthus Reichenbachii (Drej.) Benth. 673 Rhinanthus rumelicus Velen. 683 Rhinanthus rumelicus ssp. osilensis Ronn. et Saars. 684 Rhinanthus rumelicus ssp. Simonkaianus So6 684 Rhinanthus rumelicus_ Velen. typus Soo 683 Rhinanthus rusticulus (Chab.) Druce 677 Rhinanthus sachalinensis Vass. 675 Rhinanthus Schischkinii Vass. 683 Rhinanthus_ serotinus Schinz et Thell. 664 Rhinanthus songaricus (Stern.) Fedtsch. 671 Rhinanthus songaricus ssp. riparius Vass. 672 Rhinanthus stenophyllus (Schur) B. Fedtsch. 675 Rhinanthus strictus C. Koch 687 Rhinanthus subulatus (Stern.) Sod 668 Rhinanthus subulatus (Stern.) Soo ssp. pectinatus (Behrend.) Soo 668 Rhinanthus transsilvanicus S60 679 Rhinanthus trifidus Vahl 796 Rhinanthus Trixago L. 659 Rhinanthus Wagneri Deg. 684 Rhinanthus vernalis (Zing.) B. Scshisck. et Serg. 666 Rhinanthus villosus Pers. 680 Rhynchocorys Griseb. 686 Rhynchocorys elephas (L.) Griseb. 687 Rhynchocorys orientalis (L.) Benth. 686 Rhynchocorys strictus C. Koch 687 Rhyncholopha Bge., sect. 732 Sarachinae Baehni 57 Sceptrum Bge., sect. 793 Scopolia Jacq. 99 Scopolia carniolica Jacq. 100 Scopolia carniolica var. brevifolia Dun. 100 Scopolia carniolica var. longifolia Dun. 100 Scopolia caucasica Kolesnik. 100 Scopolia physaloides Dun. 104 Scopolia trichotoma Moench 100 Scopolia tubiflora Kreyer 100 Scopolina Schult. 99 Scopolina atropoides Schult. 100 Scopolina carniolica Schur 100 Scopolina Hladnikiana Freyn 100 Scopolina viridiflora Freyn 100 Scorodonia G. Don, sect. 252 Scrophularia L. 229 Scrophularia alata Gilib. 270 Scrophularia alata 3.cordata Boiss. 271 Scrophularia alata A. Gray 271 Scrophularia altaica Murr. 261 Scrophularia amgunensis F. Schmidt 265 Scrophularia amplexicaulis Benth. 252 Scrophularia Ani C. Koch 302 Scrophularia aquatica L. 271 Scrophularia aquatica auct. 270 Scrophularia armeniaca Bordz. 286 Scrophularia atropatana Grossh. 280, 279, 297 Scrophularia auriculata Scop. 259 Scrophularia betonicaefolia Wydl. 259 Scrophularia bicolor Gueldenst. 302 Scrophularia bicolor Sibth. 301 Scrophularia byzantina Benth. 248 Scrophularia calycina Boiss. 249 Scrophularia calycina Grossh. 250 Scrophularia canescens Bong. 298 Scrophularia canescens var. glabrata Trautv. 298 133 Scrophularia canina L. 301 Scrophularia caucasica S. et Lev. 288, 289 Scrophularia 278 Scrophularia chlorantha Kotschy et Boiss. 258 Scrophularia chlorantha var. adzharica Woron. 259 Scrophularia chlorantha var. chrysantha Jaub. et Spach 249 Scrophularia chlorantha var. intermedia Somm. et Lev. 249 Scrophularia chlorantha var. lunariifolia Albov. 250 Scrophularia chrysanthemifolia Willd. 301 Scrophularia clandestina Rupr. 246 Scrophularia Clausii Boiss. et Buhse. 251 Scrophularia congesta Stev. 249 Scrophularia cretacea Fisch. 297 Scrophularia czapandaghii B. Fedtsch. 304 Scrophularia Czernjakowskiana Ze B. Fedtsch. 272 Scrophularia decipiens Boiss. et Kotschy. 292 Scrophularia decumbens Fisch., Mey. et Ave-Lall. 259 Scrophularia diffusa Somm. et Lev. 302 Scrophularia dissecta (B. Fedtsch.) Gorschk. 300 Scrophularia divaricata Ldb. 256 Scrophularia donetzica Kotov 276 Scrophularia ebulifolia M.B. 273 Scrophularia Ehrharti Steven 270 Scrophularia exilis Popl. 289 Scrophularia Fedtschenkoi Gorschk. 293 Scrophularia fontana Kotschy 259 Scrophularia frigida Boiss. 281 Scrophularia frigida Stiefelhag. 304 Scrophularia georgica Benth. 356 Scrophularia Gmelini Turcz. 307 Scrophularia Goldeana Juz. 278 Scrophularia Gontscharovii Gorschk. 295 Scrophularia grandidentata Tenore 259 Scrophularia Grayana Maxim. 271 Scrophularia Grossheimii B. Schischk. 290 Charadzei Kem.-Nath. 734 Scrophularia haematantha Boiss. et Heldr. 296, 297 Scrophularia haematantha var. crenata Bordz. 296, 280 Scrophularia Halleri Gueldenst. 269 Scrophularia heterophylla auct. 279 Scrophularia heucheriiflora Schrenk 260 Scrophularia hyrcana Grossh. 250 Scrophularia ilvensis C. Koch 255 Scrophularia imeretica Kem.-Nath. 279 Scrophularia incisa Weinm, 307 Scrophularia incisa var. alpina Kar et Kir. 306 Scrophularia incisa var. angustifolia O. Fedtsch 307 Scrophularia incisa var. integra Trautv. 308 Scrophularia incisa var. major Ldb. 306 Scrophularia incisa var. pamirica O. Fedtsch 307 Scrophularia incisa var. pinnata Trautv. 307 Scrophularia incisa var. sublyrata Kryl. et Serg. 308 Scrophularia incisa f. bidentata Kryl. 308 Scrophularia incisa f. pauciflora Kryl. 308 Scrophularia incisa f. procumbens Kryl. 307 Scrophularia integrifolia Pavl. 282 Scrophularia juncea Richt. 291 Scrophularia kabadianensis B. Fedtsch. 305 Scrophularia Kiriloviana Schischk. 306 Scrophularia Kiriloviana var. subpinnata Fisch. et Mey. 307 Scrophularia Kotschyana Benth. 248 Scrophularia lateriflora Trautv. 246 Scrophularia leucoclada Bge. 297 Scrophularia Litwinowii B. Fedtsch. 281 Scrophularia lucida M. B. 285 Scrophularia lucida Pall. 301 Scrophularia lunariifolia Boiss. et Bal. 250 Scrophularia macrobotrys Ldb. 266 Scrophularia mandshurica Maxim. 262 Scrophularia marylandica Georgi 261 Scrophularia Maximowiczii Gorschk. 262 Scrophularia minima M. B. 275 Scrophularia minima Benth. 249 Scrophularia mollis Somm. et Lev. 257 Scrophularia multicaulis Turcz. 295 Scrophularia nachitschevanica Grossh. 280 Scrophularia nervosa Benth. 274 Scrophularia nervosa var. Schelkovnikovii Bordz. 274 Scrophularia Nikitinii Gorschk. 247 Scrophularia nodosa L. 269 Scrophularia nodosa Boiss. 266 Scrophularia nodosa var. glandulosa Nas. 269 Scrophularia nudicaulis Wydl. 172 Scrophularia Oldhami Oliver 270 Scrophularia Olgae Grossh. 286 Scrophularia Olivieri Jaub. et Spach 274 Scrophularia olympica Boiss. 288 Scrophularia olympica var. integrifolia Bordz. 289 Scrophularia olympica var. pinnatifida Trautv. 289 Scrophularia olympica var platyloma (Fisch. et Mey.) Grossh. 289 Scrophularia orientalis L. 273 Scrophularia orientalis var. pinnatifolia Bordz. 273 Scrophularia pamiro-alaica Gorschk. 294 Scrophularia Patriniana Wydler 307 Scrophularia peregrina L. 258 Scrophularia platyloma Fisch. et Mey. 289 Scrophularia pinnata Kar. et Kir. 306 Scrophularia pruinosa Boiss. 300 Scrophularia pruinosa auct. 290 Scrophularia pruinosa Boiss. var. dissecta B. Fedtsch. 300 Scrophularia puberulla Boiss. et Hausskn. 259 Scrophularia pumila Adams 275 Scrophularia pyrrolopha Boiss. 288 Scrophularia rostrata Boiss.et Buhse 287 Scrophularia rosulata Stiefelhag. 300 Scrophularia rupestris M. B. 277, 278 Scrophularia rupestris var. microphylla Somm. et Lev. 277 Scrophularia rupestris auct. 276, 278 Scrophularia Ruprechtii Boiss. 288 Scrophularia rutifolia Boiss. 285 Scrophularia rutaefolia Grossh. 286 Scrophularia sangtodensis B. Fedtsch. 306 Scrophularia sareptana Kleop. 275 Scrophularia saxatilis Boeb. 277 Scrophularia schugnanica B. Fedtsch. 293 Scrophularia Scopolii Hoppe 259 Scrophularia Scopolii var. adenocalyx Somm. et Lev. 259 Scrophularia Scopolii var. glabrata Trautv. 259 Scrophularia’ Scopolii var. grandicrenata Somm. et Lev. 259 Scrophularia Scopolii grandidentata (Ten.) Boiss. 259 Scrophularia Scorodonia Host. 259 Scrophularia Sprengeriana Somm. et Lev. 257 Scrophularia Stelleri Ldb. 295 Scrophularia striata Boiss. 291 Scrophularia tadshicorum Gontsch. 247 Scrophularia thesioides Boiss. et Buhse 303 Scrophularia turcomanica Bornm. et Sint. 304 Scrophularia Urvilleana Wydl. 302 Scrophularia Urvilleana auct. 279 Scrophularia variegata M.B. 302 Scrophularia variegata var. glabra Gorschk. 302 Scrophularia variegata var. rupestris Boiss. 277 Scrophularia vernalis L. 251 Scrophularia vernalis M.B. 249 Scrophularia vernalis var. hyrcana Grossh. 250 Scrophularia vernalis M. var. lunariifolia (Boiss. et Bal.) O. Ktze 250 Scrophularia verticillata Gontsch. et Grig. 246 Scrophularia viscosa Boiss. 248 Scrophularia xanthoglossa Boiss. 291 Scrophularia xanthoglossa var. decipiens (Boiss. et Kotschy) Boiss. 292 Scrophularia xanthoglossa Stiefelhag. 303 Scrophularia zaravschanica Gorschk. et Zakir. 293 Scrophularia zuvandica Grossh, 299 Scrophulariaceae Zindl., fam. 117 Semicalcaratae Benth., sect. 568 Silvatica Soo., subsect. 549 Singuliflora Murb., sect. 155 735 Simiolus Greene, sect. 312 Siphonantha Bge., sect. 699 Siphonostegia Benth. 795 Siphonostegia chinensis Benth. 796 Solanaceae Pers., fam. 1 Solaneae Schlecht. 3 Solaninae Wettst. 57 Solanineae Dun. 3 Solanopsis Borner 8, 42 Solanum L. 3 Solanum alatum Moench 33 Solanum asiae-mediae Pojark. 21 Solanum bifurcum Nochst. 11 Solanum citrullifolium A. Br. 42 Solanum chlorocarpum (Spenn.) Tausch 26 Solanum commutatum Spreng. 45 Solanum decipiens Opiz. 27 Solanum depilatum Kitag. 17, 18 Solanum dulcamara auct. 17 Solanum dulcamara L. 12 Solanum dulcamara var. ovatum auct. 17 : Solanum dulcamara var. persicum Dippel 15 Solanum dulcomara var. O. Ktze. 19 Solanum dulcomara vat. persicum Trautv. 17 Solanum dulcomara var. -tomentosum Koch 16 Solanum dulcomara var. villosissimum Desv. 16 Solanum dulcomara 8. indivisum Boiss. 15, 18, 19 Solanum dulcomara 8. litorale Rchb. 16 Solanum dulcomara +. macrocarpum Maxim. 20 Solanum dulcomara y. marinum Bab. 16 Solanum esculentum Dun. 39 Solanum flavum auct. 30, 35 Solanum flavum Schult. 29, 30, 3 Solanum foliosum Link 50 Solanum heterodoxum Dun. 42 Solanum Humboldtii Willd. 49, 50 Solanum humile Bernh. 26 Solanum japonense Nakai 12 Solanum judaicum Bess. 28 Solanum Kieseritzkii C. A.M. 10 Solanum Kitaibelii Schult. 35 Solanum litorale Raab 16 persicum 736° Solanum luridum Salisb. 50 Solanum luteo-virens C. C. Gmel. 26 Solanum luteum Mill. 36 Solanum lycopersicum auct. 52, 54 Solanum lycopersicum L. B. 50, 52, 54 Solanum lycopersicum L. excl. var. 55 Solanum lyratum Thunb. 12, 22 Solanum macrocarpum Koidz. 20 Solanum macrocarpum Kudo 20 Solanum marinum (Bab.) Pojark. 16 Solanum megacarpum Koidz. 20 Solanum melanocerasum auct. 25 Solanum melongena L. 39 Solanum miniatum auct. 32 Solanum miniatum Bernh. 33 Solanum miniatum 8. glabriusculum Ze- lenetzk. 32 Solanum nigrum L. 25 Solanum nigrum auct. 27, 30 Solanum nigrum var. flavum auct. 30, 35 Solanum nigrum var. flavum Hohenack. 29 Solanum nigrum var. genuinum Doll. 28 Solanum nigrum var. judaicum L. 29 Solanum nigrum var. miniatum Mert. et Koch 33 Solanum nigrum var. Schultesii (Opiz) Rouy 28 Solanum nigrum var. villosum auct. 30 Solanum nigrum var. vulgare L. 25, 28 Solanum nigrum var. xanthocarpum auct. 29 Solanum nigrum B. villosum auct. 32 Solanum nigrum +. villosum L. 36 Solanum nipponense Makino 12 Solanum nipponense vat. macrocarpum Makino et Nemoto 20 Solanum ochroleucum Bast. 29, 30 Solanum Olgae Pojark. 30 Solanum persicum auct. 17 Solanum persicum Willd. 19 Solanum persicum var. assimile Grossh. 19 Solanum peruvianum L. 45 Solanum pimpinellifolium Jusl. 47 Solanum pomiferum Cav. 52, 54 Solanum pseudoflavum Pojark. 35 Solanum pseudolycopersicum Jacq. 52, 54 Solanum pseudopersicum Pojark. 18 Solanum puniceum C. C. Gmel. 33 Solanum quercifolium L. 11 Solanum radicans L. fil. 11 Solanum rostratum Dun. 41 Solanum rubrum Gilib. 33 Solanum scandens auct. 15 Solanum Schultesii Opiz 27, 28 Solanum septemlobum Bge. 11 Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam. 42 Solanum spurium Gmel. 52, 54 Solanum transcaucasicum Pojark. 29 Solanum tuberosum L. 8 Solanum villosum auct. 32 Solanum villosum Lam. 36 Solanum villosum var. alatum auct. 33, 34 Solanum viridescens Kostel. 26 Solanum Woronowii Pojark. 34 Solanum Zelenetzkii Pojark. 32 Solanum sect. Nycterium Wettst. 41 Solanum sect. Cryptocarpum Dun. 40 Speciosae (Benth.) Wettst., sect. 187 Spicata (Wettst.) Soo, sect. 536 Spirostegia Ivanina 512, 816 Spirostegia bucharica (Fedtsch.) Ivanina 513 Staurophragma Fisch. et Mey. 174 Staurophragma natolicum Fisch. et Mey. 174 Stenocarpon Boriss., sect. 809, 488 Stramonium fastuosum fi. albo Moench 112 Stramonium foetidum Scop. 109 Stramonium spinosum Lam. 109 Stramonium tatula Moench 111 Stramonium vulgatum Gaertn. 109 Tittmannia obovata Bge. 316 Tittmannia stachydifolia Turcz. 317 Tomiophyllum Fourr. 229 Tomiophyllum caninum Fourr. 301 Tomiophyllum tenuisectum Fourr. 301 Tomiophyllum Benth, sect. 273 Tozzia L. 552 Tozzia alpina auct. 552 Tozzia carpatica Woloszcez. 552 Triaenophora bucharica B. Fedtsch. . 513 Trixago Apula Stev. 659 Trixago latifolia Rchb. 642 Trixago purpurea Stev. 642 Trixago viscosa Rchb. 646 Tuberarium (Dun.) Bitter, sect. 8 Tuberarium Potatoe Dun., subsect. 8 Tuberculatae Kuprian., subsect. 194 Vandellia L. 326 Vandellia diffusa L. 326 Vandellia diffusa a. pedunculata Benth. 327 Vandellia obovata Walp. 316 Vandellia Pyxidaria Maxim. 328 Vandellia stachydifolia Walp. 317 Venilia Fourr. 229 Venilia vernalis Fourr. 251 Verbasceae Benth. 122 Verbascum L. 122 Verbascum achalkalakense Bordz. 149 Verbascum Alopecurus Thuill. 149, 150 Verbascum alpigenum C. Koch 154 Verbascum arpatzaicum Bordz. 125 Verbascum atroviolaceum Murb. 168 Verbascum artvinense Wulff 138 Verbascum aureum O. Kuntze 163 Verbascum australe Pavl. 160 Verbascum bactrianum Bge. 132 Verbascum bactrianum xX songoricum 133 Verbascum Balansae Bornm. 142 Verbascum banaticum Roch. 134 Verbascum Biebersteinii Bess. 142 Verbascum blattaria L. 167, 169 Verbascum blattaria var. brevipedicella- tum Hal. 167 Verbascum candelabrum Kar. et Kir. 169 Verbascum Capusi Franch. 132 Verbascum caucasicum Bornm. 169 Verbascum caucasicum Fisch. 148 Verbascum cedreti Boiss. 152 Verbascum Chaixii Ldb. 147 Verbascum Chaixii ‘var. orientale Murb. 147 Verbascum Chaixii var. polyphyllum 148 Verbascum Chaixii var. polyphyllum x phoeniceum 149 Verbascum Chaixii var. polyphyllum x pyramidatum 149 Verbascum cheiranthifolium Boiss. 136 Verbascum cheiranthifolium x songoricum 137 Verbascum cheiranthifolium var. tran- scaspicum Murb. 137 Verbascum claudiopolitanum Simk. 143 737 Verbascum collinum Schrad. 150 Verbascum compactum M. B. 156 Verbascum crenatifolium Boiss. 156 Verbascum cuspidatum Schrad. 126 Verbascum daenense Boiss. 133 Verbascum Dechianum Somm. et Lev. 115 Verbascum eriocarpum Freyn et Sint. 169 Verbascum eriorhabdon Boiss. 141 Verbascum eriorhabdon var. Balansae (Bornm.) Murb. 142 Verbascum erivanicum Wulff 152 Verbascum flavidum (Boiss.) Freyn et Bornm. 170 Verbascum flexuosum Wulff 147 Verbascum formosum Fisch. 157 Verbascum formosum xX pyramidatum 158 Verbascum georgicum Benth. 124, 125 Verbascum georgicum x _ hajastanicum 125 Verbascum georgicum xX songoricum 125 = Verbascum georgicum xX speciosum 125 Verbascum georgicum xX varians 125 Verbascum glomeratum Boiss. 131 Verbascum gnaphalodes M. B. 140 Verbascum gnaphalodes x phlomoides 141 Verbascum gossypinum M. B. 145 Verbascum hajastanicum Bordz. 145 Verbascum hajastanicum x georgicum 146 Verbascum hajastanicum x phoeniceum 146 Verbascum hajastanicum X sceptrum Oliv. 125, 146 Verbascum Heldreichii Boiss. 134 Verbascum heterophyllum O. Kuntze 171 Verbascum Hohenackeri Fisch. et Mey. 145 Verbascum Holmbergii Murb. 154 Verbascum Johannis Murb. 163 Verbascum khorassanicum Boiss. 133 Verbascum laxum Filar. 148 Verbascum laxum xX phoeniceum 148, 149 Verbascum laxum xX pyramidatum 149 Verbascum laxum x Wilhelmsianum 148, 149, 151 738 Verbascum longifolium Ldb. 135 Verbascum lychnitis L. 142 Verbascum lychnitis x nigrum 143 Verbascum.lychnitis x phoeniceum 143 Verbascum lychnitis x phlomoides 128, 143 Verbascum lychnitis x pyramidatum 143 Verbascum lychnitis x thapsus 143 Verbascum macrocarpum Boiss. 164 Verbascum macrophyllum Boiss. et Buhse 139 Verbascum megalophlomos (Boiss. et Heldr.) Hal. 135, 136 Verbascum molle C. Koch 158 Verbascum nigrum L. 149 Verbascum nigrum x phoeniceum 150 Verbascum nigrum x thapsus 150 Verbascum nigrum var. glabrescens Hartm. 150 Verbascum nigrum var. tomentosum G. Mey. 150 Verbascum oreophilum C. Koch 163 Verbascum orientale M.B. 147, 148, 151 Verbascum orientale x phoeniceum 148, 149 Verbascum orientale x Wilhelmsianum 148, 151 Verbascum orientale var. parviflorum Wulff 148 Verbascum orientale 8. polyphyllum C. A. M. 148 Verbascum orientale O. Kuntze 171 Verbascum ovalifolium Don 156 Verbascum ovalifolium x phoeniceum 149 Verbascum ovalifolium x pyramidatum Troitzky 158 Verbascum ovalifolium Ldb. 157 Verbascum paniculatum Wulff 153 Verbascum phlomoides L. 123, 127, 134 Verbascum phlomoides x speciosum 141 Verbascum phoeniceum L. 168, 169 Verbascum phoeniceum xX pyramidatum 169 Verbascum phoeniceum x songoricum 169 Verbascum phoeniceum x _ spectabile 169 Verbascum phoeniceum ssp. flavidum Bomm. 170 Verbascum phoeniceum var. chloranthum Boiss. et Buhse 170 Verbascum phoeniceum (. flavidum Boiss. 170 Verbascum pinnatifidum Vahl 137 Verbascum polystachyum Kar. et Kir. 133, 134 Verbascum ponticum Fisch. et Mey. 125 Verbascum pulverulentum M.B. 142 Verbascum punalense Boiss. et Buhse 161, 162 Verbascum pyramidatum M.B. 162 Verbascum pyramidatum x songoricum 163 Verbascum pyramidatum x thapsus 163 Verbascum Roopianum Bordz. 146 Verbascum saccatum C. Koch 158 Verbascum samoneum Troitzky 158 Verbascum seeptrum Schmalh. 124, 125 Verbascum seeptrum x speciosum (?) 125 Verbascum seeptrum X songoricum Murb. 125 Verbascum Schraderi G.F.W.Mey. 128 Verbascum sessiliflorum Murb. 125 Verbascum sinaiticum Murb. 132 Verbascum sinaiticum var. bactrianum 132 Verbascum sinuatum L. 144 Verbascum sinuatum x songoricum 145 Verbascum sinuatum var. adenosepaluin Murb. 144 Verbascum songoricum Schrenk 133, 124 Verbascum speciosum Schrad. 135 Verbascum speciosum var. megaphlomos Boiss. et Heldr. 135 Verbascum spectabile M.B. 162, 169 Verbascum spectabile 3. foliosum C. Koch 168 Verbascum stachydiforme Boiss. et Buhse 139 Verbascum Stevenii Boiss. 158 Verbascum Szovitsianum Boiss. 151 Verbascum Szovitsianum var. adenothyr- sum Murb. 151 Verbascum talyschense Boiss. et Buhse 139 Verbascum tauricum Hook. 169 Verbascum thapsiforme Schrad. 124, 126 Verbascum thapsiforme x lychnitis 128 Verbascum thapsus L. 128, 124, 127 Verbascum thapsus x gnaphalodes 141 Verbascum transcaucasicum Wulff 154 Verbascum turkestanicum Franch. 140 Verbascum turcomanicum Murb. 143 Verbascum undulatum M.B. 144 Verbascum varians Freyn et Sint. 146 Verbascum varians 3. flexiosum Murb. 147 Verbascum viminale Guss. 125 Verbascum vimineum Cyr. 125 Verbascum Wilhelmsianum C. Koch 150, 148, 149 Verbascum sp. nov. Hohen. 148 Vernales Stiefelhag., subsect. 246 Veronica L. 329 Veronica acinifolia L. 429 Veronica acinifolia Rompp 425 Veronica acinifolia Schmalh. 420 Veronica acinifolia var. glabrata Trautv. 425, 426 Veronica acinifolia var. Karelini Trautv. 425 Veronica acinifolia var. nudicaulis (Kar. et Kir.) Rompp 425 Veronica acinifolia var. typica Trautv. 429 Veronica acutifolia Gilib. 469 Veronica acutifolia Javorka 473 Veronica agrestis auct. 409 Veronica agrestis L. 408 Veronica agrestis Ldb. 410 Veronica agrestis var. minima O. Ktze. 410 Veronica agrestis 3. polita (Fries) Koch 409 Veronica alatavica M. Pop. 385 Veronica albenica Boiss. 407 Veronica albanica C. Koch 397 Veronica algida Fisch. 363 Veronica alpestris Schur. 365 Veronica alpina auct. 490 Veronica alpina L. 481 Veronica alpina Pall. 486 Veronica altaica Fisch. 436 Veronica ambigua Lucé 469 Veronica americana (Rafin.) Schweintz 477 Veronica amoena Boiss. 397 Veronica amoena Stev. 407 Veronica anagallidiformis Boreau 473 Veronica anagallis auct. 469 Veronica anagallis C. A.M. 470 739 Veronica anagallis Ldb. 477 Veronica anagallis var. anagalloides (Guss.) C. Koch 470 Veronica anagallis var. macra Trautv. 478 Veronica anagallis var. Koschewn. 475 Veronica anagallis 8. aquatica Neilr. 469 Veronica anagallis B. villosa Bge. 475 Veronica anagallis-aquatica L. 469, 470, 477 Veronica anagallis-aquatica var. mon- tioides Boiss. 478 Veronica anagalloides Guss. 470 Veronica anagalloides Rompp 475 Veronica anagalloides var. maruensis B. Fedtsch. 480 Veronica anagalloides B. tenuis Boiss: 470 Veronica Andrashovskyi Jav. 383 Veronica angustifolia Fisch. 386 Veronica anisophylla C. Koch 434 Veronica aphylla Georgi 452 Veronica aphyllaL. 451 Veronica aphylla var. kamtschatica Willd. 452 Veronica aphylla 8. grandiflora Benth. 452 Veronica aphylla B. Willd. 452 Veronica aquatica Bernh. 473 Veronica arceutobia Woron. 439 Veronica arenosa (Serg.) Boriss. 390 Veronica argute-serrata Rgl. et Schmalh. 394 ; Veronica armena Boiss. 467 Veronica arvensis L. 418 Veronica australis Schrad. 381 Veronica austriaca Bge. 437 Veronica austriaca L. 435, 438 Veronica austriaca x V. latifolia Kusnez. 435 Veronica austriaca ssp. dentata (Schmidt) Watzl 435 Veronica austriaca ssp. Jacquini (Baumg.) Maly 438 Veronica austriaca ssp. Jacquini Baumg. var. bipinnatifida C. Koch 439 Veronica austriaca L. a. dentata Koch 435, 437 umbrosa oe 740 Veronica austriaca a. prostrata Kauffm. 437 Veronica austriaca 3. orientalis C. Koch 440 Veronica austriaca 3. pinnatifida C. Koch 438 Veronica austriaca y. bipinnatifida Ldb. 445 Veronica austriaca . tenuifolia C. Koch 445 Veronica austriaca 6. multifida Pall. 445 Veronica Bachofenii Heuff. 369 Veronica Baranetzkii Bordz. 465 Veronica Barrelieri Schult. 383 Veronica bartsiaefolia Boiss. 395 Veronica Baumgartenii Roem. et Schult. 491 Veronica beccabunga L. 475, 477 Veronica beccabunga procumbens Rafin. 477 Veronica beccabunga var. americana Rafin. 477 Veronica beccabunga var. americana (Schwein.) Glehn 477 Veronica beccabunga var. muscosa (Ko- rsch.) O. et B. Fedtsch. 477 Veronica beccabunga var. tenerrima (F. W. Schmidt) Kryl. 475 Veronica beccabungoides Bornm. 478 Veronica bellidifolia Juz. 379, 380 Veronica bellidioides L. 482 Veronica biloba auct. 397 Veronica biloba L. 392 Veronica biloba ssp. (Hausskn.) Wulff 395 Veronica biloba var. dasycarpa vat. Trautv. 397 Veronica biloba var. glandulissima Bornm. 395 Veronica biloba var. minima C. Koch 426 Veronica biloba var. platysepala Trautv. 392 Veronica Benthami C. Koch 463 Veronica Biebersteinii C. Richter 445 Veronica Billardieri Vahl 440 Veronica biserrata Schur 369 Veronica Bobrovii Nevski 479 Veronica borealis Laest. 363 Veronica Bordzilovskii Juz. 443 Veronica Bornmilleri Hausskn. 334, 395 Bornmulleri Veronica brevifolia M. B. 376 Veronica brevipedunculata Gilib. 418 Veronica bucharica B. Fedtsch. 399 Veronica Buxbaumiana Pall. 356 Veronica Buxbaumii Ten. 411 Veronica callitrichoides Kom. 454 Veronica Calverti Boiss. 461 Veronica campestris Schmalh. 420 Veronica campylopoda Boiss. 397 Veronica campylopoda Rompp 394 Veronica camtschatica Gremli 452 Veronica canescens C. Koch 439 Veronica canescens Schrad. 378 Veronica capillipes Nevski 399, 400 Veronica capillipes Grig. 398 Veronica capitata Fisch. 486 Veronica capitata var. tomentosa Schmidt 485 Veronica cardiocarpa (Kar. et Kir.) Walpers 404 Veronica cardiocarpa Wulff 404 Veronica cartilaginea Ldb. 386 Veronica caucasica M. B. 439 Veronica cerasifolia Monjuschko 499 Veronica ceratocarpaC. A.M. 424 Veronica ciliata Fisch. 490 Veronica ciliata auct. 491 Veronica chamaedrys L. 430 Veronica chamaedrys L. a. legitima Ldb. 431 Veronica chamaedrys 8. peduncularis Ldb. 433, 463 Veronica chamaedrys (. pilosa Benth. 431 Veronica chantavica Pavl. 393 Veronica chantavica var. hirtella Pavl. 394 Veronica Charadzeae Kem.-Nath. 356, 361 Veronica collina Opiz 405 Veronica comosa Richter 469, 473 Veronica coniosperma Wallr. 429 Veronica crista-galli Stev. 413 Veronica cristate Bernh. 384 Veronica cuspidata Gilib. 368 Veronica cymbalaria Bod. 417 Veronica cymbalariaefolia Vahl. 417 Veronica cymbalarifolia M. B. 417 Veronica Czerniakowskiana Monjuschko 446, 448 Veronica daghestanica Trautv. 493 Veronica dahurica Stev. 372, 379 Veronica densiflora Ldb. 486 Veronica dentata Schmidt 435 Veronica denudata Alboff 44 Veronica depauperata Waldst. et Kit. . 451 Veronica didyma Ten. 409 Veronica didyma Spreng. 408 Veronica Dillenii Crantz 420 Veronica dissecta Somm. et Lev. 463 Veronica elatior M. B. 368 Veronica elbursensis Boiss. 392 Veronica euphrasiaefolia Stroh 459 Veronica euphrasiaefolia var. glareosa (Somm. et Lev.) Stroh 459 Veronica euphrasiaefolia Link var. liwa- nensis (C. Koch) Stroh 461 Veronica euxina Turill 382 Veronica Fedtschenkoi Boriss. 491 Veronica ferganica M. Pop. 396 Veronica filifolia Lipsky 445 Veronica filiformis auct. 411 Veronica filiformis Smith 423 Veronica ffiliformis var. subabortiva Reynier 423 Veronica filiformis 8. macrantha Bordz. 423 Veronica foliosa Waldst. et Kit. 376 Veronica fontana Pall. 365, 366 Veronica fruticans Jacq. 484 Veronica fruticulosa L. 485 Veronica gadensis Giild. 499 Veronica galactites Hance 386 Veronica galathica Boiss. 450 Veronica galeopsifolia Gilib. 381 Veronica gaudanensis B. Fedtsch. 404 Veronica gentianoides Vahl. 356 Veronica gentianoides var. latifolia Boiss. 357 Veronica gentianoides var. pycnophylla Bordz. 357 Veronica glabrifolia Boriss. 461 Veronica glareosa Somm. et Lev. 459 Veronica Gorbunovii Gontsch 489 Veronica gorumensis Boiss. et Kotschy 429 Veronica gracilis Uechtr. 474 Veronica grandiflora Gaertn. 452 Veronica grandiflora var. latifolia Hult. 453 Veronica grandis Fisch. 372 741 Veronica grandis Rompp 370 Veronica Grayi Miyabe et Kudo 371 Veronica Griffithii Benth. 404 Veronica hederifolia L. 414 Veronica hederifolia Mig. 409 Veronica hederifolia triloba Opiz 414 Veronica hederifolia var. triloba (Opiz) Beck 414 Veronica heterophyllos Bober 500 Veronica hirsuta Lucé 418 Veronica hispidula Boiss. et Huet 426 Veronica Hjuleri Pauls. 475 Veronica hololeuca Juz. 380 Veronica humifusa Dickson 366 Veronica hybrida Georgi 368 Veronica hybrida L. 381 Veronica hybrida M. B. 383 Veronica imeretica Kem.-Nath. 356, 358 Veronica incana L. 377, 379, 380 Veronica incana Turcz. 379 Veronica incana x V. spicata 379 Veronica incana var. canescens Schrad. 378 if Veronica incana b. neglecta (Vahl) Schmalh. 378 Veronica incisa Schrad. 386 Veronica incisa Soland. 391 Veronica incisa Bordz. 463 Veronica intercedens Bornm. 404 Veronica ivaefolia Pall. 357 Veronica ivoides Juz. 356, 357 Veronica ixodes Boiss. et Bal. 426 Veronica japonica Sieb. et Zucc. 495 Veronica karatavica Pavl. 395 Veronica karataviensis Pavl. 395 Veronica Kemulariae Kuthath. 356, 358 Veronica khorossanica Czernjak 447-449 Veronica Komarovii Monjuschko 377 Veronica Komarovii f. albiflora Hara 377 Veronica kopetdaghensis B. Fedtsch. 460 Veronica Krylovii Pavl. 382 Veronica Krylovii Schischk. 436 Veronica kurdica Benth. 443 Veronica laeta Kar. et Kir. 389 Veronica laeta Kar. et Kir. var. arenosa Serg. 390 Veronica latifolia L. 434, 435 Veronica Jatifolia Lam. 456 Veronica latifolia B. major C. Koch 434 Veronica Jatifolia 8. minor Ldb. 436 Veronica latifolia ~. minor C. Koch 434 742 Veronica latifolia 6. caule stricto C. Koch 434 Veronica Icucantha Helm 376 Veronica lilacina Towns. 482 Veronica linariifolia Pall. 386 Veronica linariifolia var. baicalensis Boriss. 389 Veronica liwanensis C. Koch. 461 Veronica liwanensis Rompp 459 Veronica longebracteata Link 381 Veronica longiflora Roem. et Schult. 494 Veronica longifolia L. 367, 385 Veronica longifolia Ldb. 372 Veronica longifolia L. var. borealis Trautv. 369 Veronica longifolia var. grandis (Fisch.) Turcz. 372 Veronica longifolia var. Grayi Fr. Schmidt 371 Veronica longifolia var. japonica Maxim. 371 Veronica longifolia var. maritima (L.) Syreitsch. 368, 369 Veronica longifolia var. subsessilis Miq. 371 Veronica longifolia B. puberula Benth. 368 Veronica longifolia B.ety.C. Koch. 367 Veronica longipedunculata Gilib. 409 Veronica Litkeana Rupr. 485 Veronica luxurians Ldb. 368 Veronica lysimachioides Boiss. 480 Veronica macrocarpa Turcz. 490 Veronica macrostemon auct. 485, 487 Veronica macrostemon Bge. 485 Veronica macrostemonoides Zak. 487 Veronica maritima L. 368, 369 Veronica maruensis B. Fedtsch. 487 Veronica maxima Mill. 368, 369 Veronica maxima Stev. 480 Veronica maxima Mill. var. uralensis Boriss. 456 Veronica maxima B. strictaC. Koch 432 Veronica media Baumg. 369 Veronica media Schrad. 368 Veronica melissaefolia 3. maxima Benth. 432 Veronica melissifolia Desf. 432 Veronica menthaefolia Schott 381 Veronica meskhetica Kem.-Nath. 411 Veronica Michauxii B. Fedtsch. 480 Veronica Michauxii Lam. 479 Veronica micrantha Schur. 418 Veronica microcarpa Boiss. 352, 467 Veronica microphylla Kit. 365 Veronica microtheca Boiss. et Bal. 398 Veronica minima C. Koch 426 Veronica minutaC. A.M. 459 Veronica Miyabei Nakai. 371 Veronica mogoltavica M. Pop. 404 Veronica montana auct. 433 Veronica montana L. 455 Veronica montana Pall. 435 Veronica monticola Trautv. 362 Veronica montioides Boiss. 478 Veronica mthiuletica Kem.-Nath. 464 Veronica multifida Georgi 500 Veronica multifida Jacq. 438 Veronica multifida L. 444 Veronica multifida var. tenuifolia Boiss. 445 Veronica multispicata Guld. 500 Veronica muscosa Korsh. 475 Veronica neglecta Vahl. 378 Veronica neglecta F.W. Schmidt 365 Veronica nemorum Pall. 463 Veronica Nevskii Boriss. 396 Veronica nigricans C. Koch 433 Veronica nitens Host 381 Veronica nudicaulis Kar. et Kir. 425 Veronica nudicaulis var. glabrata Kryl. 425 Veronica nxudicaulis var. eglandulosa Ldb. 426 Veronica nutans Bong. 481 Veronica officinalis L. 351, 449 Veronica olgensis Kom. 370 Veronica oltensis Woron. 466 Veronica opaca B. Fedtsch. 409, 410 Veronica opaca Fries 410 Veronica oppositifolia Gilib. 381 Veronica orbicularis Fisch. 459 Veronica orchidea Crantz 384 Veronica orchidea Crantz var. Buschii (N. Kusnez.) Troizky 384 Veronica orientalis auct. 443 Veronica orientalis Mill. 440 Veronica orientalis var. dissecta Trautv. 444 Veronica orientalis var. tenuifolia Boiss. 443 Veronica orientalis 8. humilis angustifolia M.B. 440 Veronica orientalis 3. taurica Vahl 443 Veronica osiliensis Lucé 469 Veronica ossetica Stev. 439 Veronica oxycarpa auct. 480 Veronica oxycarpa Boiss. 480 Veronica oxycarpa var. turcmenica Schlenker 480 Veronica oxyphylla Stev. 368 Veronica pallens Host 378 Veronica pallida Hornem. 356 Veronica paniculata L. 376 Veronica paniculata Miq. 386 Veronica paniculata Pall. 376 Veronica paniculata 3. angustifolia Benth. 386 Veronica parviflora Vahl. 440 Veronica pauciflora Kit. 451 Veronica pectinata Georgi. 440 Veronica peduncularis auct. 433 Veronica peduncularis M. B. 433, 462 Veronica peduncularis M. B. var. dissecta Somm-etLev: 463 Veronica peduncularis M. B. var. genuina Trautv. 463 Veronica peduncularis var. umbrosa (M. B.) Boiss. 433 Veronica peduncularis y. petraea M. B. 464 Veronica peregrina L. 420 Veronica perpusilla Boiss. 425 Veronica perpusilla Nevski 396 Veronica persica Poir. 411 Veronica persicifolia Schott. 368 Veronica petraea Baumg. 451 Veronica petraea (M.B.) Stev. 462, 464, 465 Veronica petraea Rompp 444, 465 Veronica petraea ssp. Baranetzkii (Bordz.) Wulff 465 Veronica petraea var. glabriuscula Wulff 461 Veronica petraea var. integerrima Trautv. 465 Veronica petraea var. microphylla Trautv. 464 Veronica petraea var. typica Trautv. 464 Veronica pilosa L. 431 Veronica pinnata LL. 392 743 Veronica pinnata var. sessiliflora (Bge.) Harle 391 Veronica pinnatifida Salisb. 391 Veronica phoenicantha C. Koch 463 Veronica polita Fries 409 Veronica poljensis Murbeck 475 Veronica pontica Bornm. 356 Veronica pontica (Rupr.) Wettst. 492 Veronica pontica var. glabra (Somm. et Lev.) Stroh 493 Veronica Porphyriana Pavl. 382 Veronica praecox All. 406 Veronica propinqua Boriss. 462, 464 Veronica prostrata L. 437 Veronica prostrata c. angustifolia Benth. 435 Veronica pseudochamaedrys Jacq. 434 Veronica pseudolongifolia Printz 368 Veronica psilophylla Nevski. 381 Veronica pusilla Benth. 469, 478 Veronica pycnophylla Bordz. 357 Veronica quinquefida Gilib. 405 Veronica quinquefolia Gilib. 405 Veronica ramosissima Boriss. 398 Veronica recta Benth. 438 Veronica repens Clarion. 459 Veronica repens Gilib. 449 Veronica reticulata C. Koch 424 Veronica Riederiana Gandoger 343, 367 Veronica romana Georgi 429 Veronica romana L. 420 Veronica rotundifolia Lucé 365 Veronica rotundifolia erecta Gilib. 476 Veronica rotundifolia repens Gilib. 476 Veronica rubella Pall. 386 Veronica rubicunda Ldb. 386 Veronica rubrifolia Boiss. 396 Veronica ruderalis Vahl. 365 Veronica rupestris Tardent 499 Veronica Ruprechtii Lipsky 492 Veronica ruthenica Fisch. 376 Veronica ruthenica Hort. 368 Veronica sachalinensis Boriss. 337, 496 Veronica sajanensis Printz. 375 Veronica saxatilis L.f. 484 Veronica scardica Griseb. 474 Veronica schistosa E. Busch 362 Veronica Schmidtiana Rgl. 364 Veronica Schmidtiana var. albiflora Sug- awara 364 744 Veronica Schmidtiana var. rubescens Sug- awara 364 Veronica scutellata L. 453 Veronica scutellata var. glandulosa Wulff 454 Veronica scutellata var. Schmalh. 453 Veronica scutellata var. Teplouchowi Ko- tsh. 453, 454 Veronica scutellata 8. pilosa Vahl. 453, 454 Veronica secundiflora C. Koch 463 Veronica septentrionalis Boriss. 369 Veronica serpyllifolia L. 365, 366 Veronica serpyllifolia auct. 366 Veronica serpyllifolia ssp. (Dicks.) Pennell 366 Veronica serpyllifolia var. borealis Laest. 366 Veronica serpyllifolia var. humifusa (Dicks.) Pennell 366 Veronica serpyllifolia var. thymifolia Herder 367 Veronica serpyllifolia -~. et 6. C. Koch 365 Veronica serpylloides Rgl. 488 Veronica serrulata Pall. 386 Veronica sessiliflora Bge. 391 Veronica sessilifolia Opiz 381 Veronica setulosa Koch 383 Veronica sibirica LL. 495 Veronica sibirica Gmel. 495 Veronica Sintenisii Hausskn. 465 Veronica spicata LL. 379, 381 Veronica spicata Rompp 372 Veronica spicata x longifolia LL. 382 Veronica spicata ssp. carpatica Dostal 384 Veronica spicata ssp. transcaucasica Bordz. 383 Veronica spicata var. cristata (Bernh.) Koch 384 Veronica spicata var. orchidea (Crantz) Schmalh. 384 Veronica spicata var. viscosissima Kar. et Kir. 382 Veronica spicata b. Barrelieri (Schult.) Schmalh. 383 Veronica spicata d. V. euxina Turill. 382 Veronica spicata a. vulgaris Koch 381 pubescens humifusa Veronica spicata 2. bellidifolia Wallroth 379 Veronica spicata 3. hybrida Koch 383 Veronica spicata (3. latifolia Koch 381 Veronica spicata 3. et 7. C. Koch 383 Veronica spicata y. lancifolia Koch 381 Veronica spicata 6.C. Koch 381 Veronica spicata 6. setulosa Koch 383 Veronica spicata €. cristata Koch 383 Veronica spicato-racemosa Gilib. 365 Veronica spuria auct. 386 Veronica spuria L. 376, 385 Veronica spuria var. angustifolia Makino 386 Veronica spuria var. brevifolia (M. B.) C. A.M. 376 Veronica spuria p. Ldb. 386 Veronica Stelleri Pall. 363 Veronica Stephaniana Roem. et Schult. 376 Veronica steppacea Kotov 383 Veronica stylophora'M. Pop. 400 Veronica subsessilis (Miq.) Carriere 371 Veronica syspirensis C. Koch 443 Veronica taurica Willd. 443 Veronica telephiifolia Rompp 459 Veronica telephiifolia Vahl 461 Veronica telephiifolia Vahl var. livanensis (C. Koch) O. Ktze f. incisa Wulff 461 Veronica telephiifolia Vahl var. livanensis O. Ktze. 461 Veronica telephiifolia var. minuta (C. A. M.) Trautv. 459 Veronica telephiifolia 8. pilosula Boiss. 461 Veronica teberdensis (Kem.-Nath.) Boriss. 493 Veronica tenella All. 365 Veronica tenerrima F. W. Schmidt 475 Veronica tenuifolia M.B. 444 Veronica tenuis Ldb. 470 Veronica tenuissima Boriss. 403 Veronica tetraphylla Pop. 403 Veronica tetraphyllos Boeber 403 Veronica teucrium Bge. 436 Veronica teucrium L. 434, 435 Veronica teucrium ssp. altaica Watzl. 436 Veronica teucrium ssp. pseudochamaedrys (Jacq.) Nym. 434 Veronica teucrium var. anisophylla Trautv. 434 Veronica teucrium ssp. integerrima Trautv. 434, 440 Veronica teucrium ssp. minor Trautv. 436 Veronica teucrium ssp. multifida Wallr. 445 Veronica fteucrium a. latifolia Schmalh. 434 Veronica teucrium b. austriaca Celak. 435 Veronica teucrium b. dentata Celak. 435 Veronica teucrium c. austriaca Schmalh. 445 Veronica Teucrium a. typica Lindem. 434 Veronica Teucrium 3. angustifolia Vahl. 435 Veronica Teucrium -y. austriaca Arcang. 438 Veronica tianschanica Linez. 488 Veronica Journefortii C.C. Gmelin 411 Veronica transcaucasica Bordz. 383 Veronica trifida Gilib. 421 Veronica triloba Opiz 413 Veronica tripartita Boriss. 447, 449 Veronica triphyllos L. 405 Veronica tubiflora Fisch. et Mey. 494 Veronica tubiflora var. Linneana Kom. 495 Veronica tubiflora var. velutina Kom. 495 Veronica turkmenorum B. Fedtsch. 422 Veronica umbrosa M.B. 432 Veronica urticaefolia auct. 432 Veronica urticifolia Jacq. 456 745 Veronica Velenovskyi Uechtr. 474 Veronica vernaL. 421 Veronica verna var. campestris Schmalh. 420 Veronica verna var. Dillenii (Crantz) B. Fedtsch. 420 Veronica verna var. simplex Gruner 422 Veronica verticillata Gilib. 368 Veronica virginica auct. 495 Veronica virginica L. 494 Veronica virginica var. sibirica (L.) Nakai. 494, 496 Veronica viscida Waldst. 406 Veronica viscosa Pall. 382 Veronica yezoensis Nakai 363 Veronicastra seminibus planis Koch 356, 481 Veronicastrum Benth., sect. 329, 494 Veronicastrum Heist., gen. 494 Veronicastrum (Heist.) Boriss., subgen. 494 Veronicastrum §Annuae Benth., sect. 418 Veronicastrum dentatum Opiz 435 Veronicastrum incisum Moench 386, 394+ Veronicastrum laciniatum Moench 386 Veronicastrum prostratum Opiz 437 Veronicastrum serpyllifolium Fourr. 365 Veronicastrum sibiricum (L.) Hara 495 Veroniceae Benth. 329 Veronicella Fourr., gen. 329, 355 Veronicella (Fourr.) Boriss., subgen. 355 Veronicella chamaedrys Fourr. 431 Veronicella urticaefolia Fourr. 456 Versicolores (Benth.) Wettst., sect. 417 Wintheringeae Miers, tribus 56, 60