OL fc n 3 BIWO Florida Field Naturalist PUBLISHED BY THE FLORIDA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY Vol. 42, No. 4 November 2014 Pages 141-188 FLORIDA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY Founded 1972 OFFICERS President: R. Todd Engstrom, 309 Carr Lane, Tallahassee, FL 32312. E-mail: engstrom@bio.fsu.edu Vice President: Marianne Korosy, 2021 Oak View Lane, Palm Harbor, FL 34683. E-mail: mkorosy@gmail.com Secretary: Cole Fredricks, 325 Ruby Lake Loop, Winter Haven, FL 33884. E-mail: cfredricks@tampabay.rr.com Treasurer: Charles H. Fisher, Jr., 4806 W. Beach Park Dr., Tampa, FL 33609. E-mail: chflshercpa@hotmail.com Editor, Florida Field Naturalist : Scott Robinson, Florida Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 117800, Gainesville, FL 32611-7800. E-mail: srobinson@flmnh.ufl.edu Directors, Terms Expiring Spring 2015 R. Todd Engstrom, 309 Carr Lane, Tallahassee, FL 32312. E-mail: engstrom@bio.fsu. edu Karl Miller, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, 1105 SW Williston Road, Gainesville, FL 32601. 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The Florida Ornithological Society web site is at www.fosbirds.org THIS PUBLICATION IS PRINTED ON NEUTRAL PH PAPER Florida Field Naturalist PUBLISHED BY THE FLORIDA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY Vol. 42, No. 4 November 2014 Pages 141-188 Florida Field Naturalist 42(4): 141-147, 2014. SOUTH CAROLINA’S FIRST, SECOND, THIRD, AND FOURTH FEA’S PETRELS ( Pterodroma feae ): SOUTHERNMOST SIGHTINGS OFF NORTH AMERICA Nathan W. Dias PO. Box 362, McClellanville, South Carolina 29458 Until recently the species called Fea’s Petrel (. Pterodroma feae) was considered to be comprised of breeding populations on both the Desertas Islands and the Cape Verde Islands of the North Atlantic. The species is being split in recognition of marked differences in breeding phenology, vocalizations, and genetics between the two breeding populations, which are separated by about 2,000 km. The new taxa are Cape Verde Petrel (. Pterodroma feae) and Desertas Petrel (P deserta). P. deserta breeds on Bugio Island in the Desertas, and lays eggs in July and August. P. feae breeds in the Cape Verde Islands and lays eggs in December and January (Howell 2012, Robb et al. 2008). The vocalizations of the two forms differ (Robb et al. 2008), increasing the likelihood that the two forms will not interbreed. Recent DNA studies have indicated that separate species status is warranted (Jesus et al. 2009). A recent publication discusses a tracked individual overwintering off the southeastern United States (Ramirez et al. 2013). Based on these differing breeding periods, and since records in North American waters exist in spring, summer, fall, and winter, the sum of North American records may include members of both taxa. Due to the near- inseparability of these two species on the wing ~ except perhaps by molt timing (Shirihai et al. 2010, Howell 2012)— the cryptic species P feae and P deserta shall be referred to as “Fea’s Petrel” in this article. At 09:52 EST on 22 June, 2012, a pelagic birding trip I organized was 139 kilometers southeast of the Charleston Harbor entrance, at 31° 37.60’ 7 N, 79° 10.337’ W, the closest point of land to this location is Kiawah Island, South Carolina. We were exploring the eastern portion of a cold-core eddy, at the western edge of the Gulf Stream over the northwest corner of the Charleston Bump. The Charleston Bump is an 141 Figure 1. Two views of Fea?s Petrel, 22 June, 2012, at station 2 in Fig. 4 . 142 Dias — Fea’s Petrels 143 underwater ridge and trough feature that deflects the Gulf Stream and creates nutrient-rich upwellings which promote plankton production, producing food for fishes and cephalopods (Sedberry 2001). At the time, we had a mixed-species flock of Shearwaters (including a Sooty Shearwater), Storm-Petrels, and Black-capped Petrels (Pterodroma hasitata) following the boat and taking chum. Then I spotted a small, grayish-looking Pterodroma petrel (Fig. 1) flying in from the north. It lacked the pale collar of a Black-capped Petrel (P. hasitata ), and had a uniformly pale gray rump and tail. It had a stout bill— not so stout as a Black-capped Petrel, yet not nearly as thin and delicate as that of a Zino’s Petrel (P. madeira) (Patteson and Brinkley 2004, Zino et al. 2008, Howell 2012). As the bird banked and displayed all-dark underwings with slightly paler crescents at the bases of the greater primary coverts, its identity became clear: Fea’s Petrel. The petrel made a single pass over our chum slick and then faded back from the boat and away to the southwest. Despite being due east of northern Georgia, the 22 June, 2012 bird constitutes South Carolina’s first documented Fea’s Petrel, as the Georgia Bird Records Committee has endorsed the legally correct “closest point of land rule” in determining Georgia’s pelagic birding borders. On a 10 June, 2013 pelagic trip I organized to the same general area, we encountered two different Fea’s Petrels. Like the June 22, 2012 individual, their stout, thick bills differentiated them from Zino’s Petrel. The birds were distinguished by significant time and distance between the observations, as well as plumage differences. I spotted the first bird (Fig. 2) not long after 08:00, well inshore from the Gulf Figure 2. Fea’s Petrel, 10 June, 2013, at station 3 in Fig. 4. 144 FLORIDA FIELD NATURALIST Figure 3. A second individual of Fea’s Petrel, 10 June, 2013, at station 4 in Fig. 4. Stream proper at 31° 44.983* N, 79° 21.817' W. It presented a darker gray “hooded” appearance than the second bird, and was not completing outer primary molt. Dias — Fea’s Petrels 145 Figure 4. Locations of the four Fea’s Petrels observed off South Carolina / Georgia: 1 = 9 November, 1984, 2 = 22 June, 2012, 3 - 10 June, 2013 first individual, 4 = 10 June, 2013 second individual. I spotted the second individual (Fig. 3) between 12:10 pm and 12:40 pm. It was over the eastern edge of a cold core eddy, adjacent to the western edge of the Gulf Stream at coordinates 31° 37.972' N, 79° 13.453' W. It did not present a clearly “hooded” appearance, it appeared to have a paler nape, and was completing primary molt (note plO growing in) with a less ‘crisp" appearance than the first individual. What appears to be South Carolina’s first reported Fea’s Petrel was a bird Chris Haney and Craig Faanes observed on 9 November 1984 (Haney et al. 1993). The coordinates for the 1984 bird were 31° 39.0' N, 79° 24.0' W— also due east of Georgia but closest to South Carolina in of distance. These four Fea’s Petrel encounters constitute the southernmost sightings off North America. However, a recent study using geolocators attached to Fea’s Petrels indicates that one of the tagged birds spent time wintering off Florida, and perhaps southern Georgia (Ramirez et al. 2013). This may constitute the southernmost documentation of this species off North America. 146 FLORIDA FIELD NATURALIST Fea’s Petrel was first observed in North American waters off Hatteras, North Carolina on 24 May 1981 (Howell 2012), and has been observed annually off North Carolina since 1992 (Patteson and Brinkley 2004, Patteson et al. 2013). To date, there have been nearly 100 observations off the North Carolina Outer Banks (Patteson et al. 2013). Waters off the state of Virginia have produced the second-highest total of Fea’s Petrel sightings - including the Norfolk Canyon bird found by a Patteson and Brinkley pelagic trip on 9 September 1995 (Kain 1998), an inland bird at Kerr Reservoir on 6 September 1996 just after Hurricane Fran (Cross 1999), and multiple birds seen on NOAA AMAPPS research cruises (eBird data, T. Johnson, pers. comm.). Two Fea’s Petrels have been observed in waters off New York State. The first was observed by Pusser and Vogel on a NOAA research cruise on 14 June 2011 (unpublished). The second was observed and photographed 12 kilometers southeast of Montauk by Anthony Collerton on 19 June 2012 (Accepted by the NY State Avian Records Committee, publication pending in the 2012 NYSARC annual report). Canada has three reports of Fea’s Petrel - a July 1997 bird photographed off Nova Scotia (Hooker and Baird 1997), a 13 August 2000 bird 107 km south of the Burin Peninsula of Newfoundland (NAB 55:21), and a bird on 9 July 2007 south of the Burin Peninsula, seen well by Brennan Mulrooney and Kim Eckert on a VENT tour (NAB 61:560). Acknowledgments I thank Steve N. G. Howell and Edward S. (Ned) Brinkley for helpful comments on early drafts of this paper, and I am indebted to referees David S. Lee and J. Christopher Haney for their suggestions for additional material and references. Literature Cited Cross, B. 1999. 1998 Report of the Virginia Avian Records Committee. Raven 70:26-32. Haney, J. C., C. A. Faanes, and W. R. P. Bourne. 1993. An observation of Fea’s Petrel, off the southeastern United States, with comments on the taxonomy and conservation of Soft-plumaged and related Petrels in the Atlantic Ocean. Brimleyana 18:115-123. Howell, S. N. G. 2012. Petrels, Albatrosses & Storm-Petrels of North America. Princ- eton. Jesus, J., D. Menezes, S. Gomes, P. Oliveira, M. Nogales, and A. Brehm. (2009). Phyloge- netic relationships of gadfly petrels Pterodroma spp. from the Northeastern Atlantic Ocean: Molecular evidence for specific status of Bugio and Cape Verde petrels and implications for conservation. Bird Conservation International 19:199-214. Kain, T. 1998. 1997 Report of the Virginia Avian Records Committee. Raven 69:46-52. Mactavish, B. 2001. Fall migration: Atlantic Provinces. North American Birds 55:21-23. Mactavish, B. 2008. Atlantic Canada region. North American Birds 61:560-561. Patteson, J. B., and E. S. Brinkley. 2004. A petrel primer: the gadflies of North Carolina. Birding 36:586-596. Dias—Fea’s Petrels 147 Pattesqn, J. B., T. Hass, and E. S. Brinkley. 2013. Zinc's Petrel ( Pterodroma madeira ) off North Carolina: First for North America. North American Birds 67:28-30. Ramirez, I, ¥. H Paiya, D. Menezes, I. Silva, R. A. Phillips, J. A. Ramos, and S. Garthe. 2013. Year-round distribution and habitat preferences of the Bug!© petrel. Marine Ecology Progress Series 476:269-284. Robb, M., K Mullarney, & The Sound Approach (2008) Petrels Night and Day: A Sound Approach Guide. Poole, UK: The Sound Approach. Hooker, S., and R. Baird. 1997. AFea’s Petrel (Pterodroma feae) off Nova Scotia: the first record for Canada. Birders Journal 6 (5):245-24S. Sedberry, G. R. (Ed.) 2001. Island in the Stream: Oceanography and Fisheries of the Charleston Bump. Symposium 25. American Fisheries Society. Shirihai, H , ¥. Bretagnolle, and F. Zmo. 2010. Identification of Fea’s, Desertas, and Zinc's Petrels at sea. Birding World 23:239-275. Zimo, F., R. Brown, and M. Biscoito, 2008. The separation of Pterodroma madeira (Zino's Petrel) from Pterodroma feae (Fea's Petrel) (Aves: Procellariidae). Ibis 150:326-334. Florida Field Naturalist 42(4): 148-150, 2014. FIRST REPORT OF COMMON MERGANSER (Mergus merganser ) FOR CUBA AND THE GREATER ANTILLES Alain Parada Isada1’ 2, Obey Martinez Llanes3 and Lance J. Degnan4 lCentro de Investigaciones de Ecosistemas Costeros ( CIEC), Ministerio de Ciencia Tec- nologia y Medio Ambiente, Cayo Coco, Ciego de Avila, Cuba, CP 69400 2 Current address: Environmental & Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, Ontario K9J 7B8, Canada E-mail: sepulturascream@hotmail.com 3Parque Natural El Bagd, Empresa Nacional para la Proteccion de la Flora y la Fauna (ENPFF), Cayo Coco, Cuba, CP 69400 414 Fiddlers Drive, Doncaster, DN3 3TT, United Kingdom Cayo Guillermo (22° 35’ 39” N, 78° 40’ 11” W) is a 13 km2 islet of the Sabana-Camaguey Archipelago off the north coast of Ciego de Avila Province, north-central Cuba. Its terrestrial landscapes are typified by four distinctive vegetation types: sandy and rocky vegetation complexes, mangrove forest and coastal scrub. In addition, many brackish and coastal lagoons, mudflats and scattered patches of Australian pine ( Casuarina equisetifolia ) are also present. Exotic vegetation is especially abundant in those areas where the tourist resorts and roads connecting them have been heavily developed since 1993. Many authors have contributed to the knowledge of this island's avifauna until the late 1980s, as summarized by ACC/ICGC (1990), with 64 bird species documented. Subsequent field expeditions (Kirkconnell et al. 1993, Blanco et al. 1998, Wallace et al. 1999, Shaffer et al. 2000) increased the total number of bird species recorded to 108 (Parada et al. 2006). At present, 111 species are known from Cayo Guillermo according to Rodrfguez-Batista et al. (in prep.). Cayo Guillermo’s avifauna is recognized nationwide and highlighted by some noteworthy vagrants (e.g., Chipping Sparrow Spizella passerina, Wallace et al. 1999; House Crow Corvus splendens, Orange-crowned Warbler Oreothlypis celata, Kirwan et al. 2008; and Dark-eyed Junco Junco hyemalis, Mitchell 2009). Here, we present observations of the first Common Merganser ( Mergus merganser) reported for Cuba and the Greater Antilles. The Common Merganser is a diving, fish-eating duck widely distributed across Europe, northern Asia and northern and central areas of North America. Throughout its range, it nests near large lakes and rivers in northern forested habitats. In winter, it may also occur in brackish waters (National Geographic Society 2006). Wintering grounds in North America include both salt and freshwater habitats and extend south along the coast from the Aleutian Islands through California and east throughout the western and central United States to the mid-Atlantic and northeastern states and southern Ontario and Quebec and the Maritime Provinces of Canada. Southernmost records, although rare and locally distributed, include southern Florida (Robertson and Woolfenden 1992), the Gulf Coast, Tamaulipas, Sonora, and Baja California Sur in Mexico (Howell and Webb 1995), as well as in Bermuda where is considered casual (Birdlife International 2014). In the early morning of 27 December 2013, LJD observed a female Common Merganser in the flooded tidal area between the Melia Hotel and the main road on Cayo Guillermo with the aid of Nikon EDG binoculars. After consulting the Garrido and 148 Notes 149 Kirkconnell (2000) field guide and verifying that this was a new species for Cuba, LJD secured a reliable species identification by using a SOX Kowa Prominar telescope. The Common Merganser was at a close range (< 20 m) with 10-15 Red-breasted Merganser (. Mergus serrator) in close proximity for several minutes. The sky was generally clear and winds light during all the observations. The average cloudiness and temperature was approximately 25% and 26.2° C, respectively, with an easterly wind of 30.4 km/h (Centro de Investigaciones de Ecosistemas Costeros [CIEC], Meteorological Database). Key identifying features were noted, including that the Common Merganser had a shorter crest and a smoother, rounded head shape than the Red-breasted Mergansers, a well-defined white chin, and the reddish-brown head and neck pattern meeting the whitish- grayish breast in a sharp line of division. Red-breasted Merganser and Hooded Merganser (. Lophodytes cucullatus) tend to show paler heads, shaggier and puffier crests and without any sharp contrast between the breast and neck coloration. In addition, the Common Merganser's body was larger overall and the serrated bill was slightly redder, thicker, and deeper at the base with a slight hook at the tip than the other merganser species. A single female Common Merganser, presumably the same individual, was seen usually swimming but, on other occasions, loafing at the water’s edge in same area every subsequent day at varying daylight hours. At noon on 30 December, the individual was also closely observed by OM along with LJD within a few meters away from where the merganser was initially spotted. The bird apparently remained in this coastal pond until at least 31 December. This extralimital record coincided with the peak of the species' southward migration along the Atlantic coast, from Long Island to Florida (Bellrose 1976). The Sabana-Camagiiey Archipelago, especially in the central and east cays, lies along the Atlantic migratory flyway and provides critical stopover and wintering habitat for numerous transient and wintering Neotropical species. The occurrence of a Common Merganser here could be attributable to expanding populations noted across many parts of the Northern Hemisphere (Wetlands International 2006, Butcher and Niven 2007) and could be in part the of result of favorable habitat changes in areas where trees have become mature and can support nesting cavities (M. L. Mallory, pers. comm.). On the afternoon of 18 December, the fifth cold front of the 2013-14 winter season and the second recorded in the Ciego de Avila province, struck with light winds inland (10 km/h) and gusts at approximately 32 km/h in the northern coast (Centro de Investigaciones de Ecosistemas Costeros [CIEC], Meteorological Database). This may have contributed to the appearance of this vagrant along the Cuba’s north-central shores. Although we did not obtain any verifiable documentation of this sighting in the form of a photograph or a specimen, we feel that our observations merit further consideration since the merganser was observed on multiple occasions by two knowledgeable observers. In fact, LJD is familiar with Common Mergansers as well as to many other fairly common year-round residents in the United Kingdom. To our knowledge, this is not only the first report of this species for Cuba and the Greater Antilles, but also the second locality within the West Indies. The AOU Check-list (1998) describes Common Merganser as accidental in the Cayman Islands, and considers a report from Puerto Rico as erroneous. These observations constitute an addition to the avifauna of Cuba, raising the species number of Anatidae to 15 for the northern archipelago of Ciego de Avila province and to 29 for Cuba as a whole (Acosta et al. 2006). Acknowledgments We thank Erica Nol, Mark L. Mallory, and Philip Wilson who provided useful litera- ture sources and to Felipe Matos for his timely assistance in providing the meteorologi- cal data cited herein. We are also grateful to Allan R. Keith, James W. Wiley, George E. Wallace, and two anonymous reviewers for contributing valuable comments from which the manuscript greatly benefitted. 150 FLORIDA FIELD NATURALIST Literature Cited ACC/ICGC [Academia de Ciencias de Cuba/ Instituto de Geodesia y Cartografia]. 1990. Estudio de los grupos insulares y zonas litorales del Archipielago cubano con fines turfsticos. Cayos: Coco, Guillermo y Paredon Grande. Instituto de Ecologla y Sistematica, Editorial Cientifico-Tecnica, La Habana, Cuba. Acosta, M., and L. Mugica. 2006. Aves Acuaticas en Cuba (reporte final), Waterbird Con- servation for the Americas. Faculty of Biology, Havana University, Cuba. AOU [American Ornithologists’ Union]. 1998. Check-list of North American Birds. 7th ed. American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington, D.C. Bellrose, F. C. 1976. Ducks, Geese, and Swans of North America. Stackpole Books, Har- risburg, Pennsylvania. Blanco, P., F. Shaffer, M. Robert, and E. SocarrAs. 1998. Adiciones a la fauna de los cayos Coco, Paredon Grande y Guillermo. Cuba. El Pitirre 11:41. Birdlife International. 2014. Species factsheet: Mergus merganser. Available at: chttp:// www.birdlife.org>. Accessed February 2014. Butcher, G. S., and D. K. Niven. 2007. Combining Data from the Christmas Bird Count and the Breeding Bird Survey to Determine the General Continental Status and Trends of North American Birds. National Audubon Society, Ivyland, Pennsylvania, USA. . Accessed 30 Jan- uary 2014. Howell, S. N. G., and S. Webb. 1995. The Birds of Mexico and Northern Central America. Oxford Univ. Press, New York. Kirkconnell, A., R. M. Posada, V. Berovides, and J. A. Morales. 1993. Aves de Cayo Guill- ermo, Archipielago Sabana-Camagiiey, Cuba. Poeyana 430:1-7. Kirwan, G. M., D. Calderon, J. Minns, and I. Roesler (compilers). 2008. Neotropical Note- book: Cuba. Cotinga 30:92. National Geographic Society. 2006. Field Guide to the Birds of North America. National Geographic Society, Washington, D.C. Mallory, M., and K. Metz. 1999. Common Merganser ( Mergus merganser). The Birds of North America Online (A. Poole, Ed.), Ithaca: Cornell Lab of Ornithology; Retrieved from the Birds of North America Online: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/442. Mitchell, A. 2009. First record of Dark-eyed Junco ( Junco hyemalis ) for Cuba and some other interesting records. Journal of Caribbean Ornithology 22:98-99. Parada, A. I., E. S. Torres, M. L. Rojas, R. G. FernAndez, A. A. Velis, L. M. Carrera, and J. M. Guzman Menendez. 2006. Biota terrestre del norte de la provincia Ciego de Avila. Pages 77-181 in Ecosistemas Costeros: Biodiversidad y Gestion de Recursos Naturales. Section I. Ecosistemas del Norte de la Provincia Ciego de Avila. (F. A. Pina, Ed.). Editorial CUJAE, La Habana, Cuba. Robertson, W. B., Jr., and G. E. Woolfenden. 1992. Florida Bird Species: An Annotated List. Florida Ornithological Society. Special Publication No. 6. Gainesville, Florida. Shaffer, F., P. Blanco, M. Robert, and E. T. SocarrAs. 2000. Observaciones y adiciones a la ornitofauna del archipielago Sabana-Camagiiey, Cuba, 1998-2000. El Pitirre 13:76- 81. Wallace, G. E., E. H. Wallace, D. R. Froehlich, B. Walker, A. Kirkconnell, E. S. Torres, H. A. Carlisle, and E. Machell. 1999. Hermit Thrush and Black-throated Gray War- bler, new for Cuba, and other significant bird records from Cayo Coco and vicinity, Ciego de Avila province, Cuba, 1995-1997. Florida Field Naturalist 27:37-51. Wetlands International. 2006. Waterbird Population Estimates. 4th Ed. Wetlands Inter- national, Wageningen, The Netherlands. Florida Field Naturalist 42(4):151-152, 2014. FIRST DOCUMENTATION OF A FLORIDA SCRUB- JAY (Aphelocoma coerulescens ) KILLING A BAT M. Shane Pruett1 Avian Ecology Research Program, Archhold Biological Station, Venus, Florida 33960 E-mail: spruett@archbold-station.edu Florida Scrub-Jays ( Aphelocoma coerulescens; hereafter scrub-jays) are endemic to Florida scrub habitats. They are year-round residents with a diverse, but opportunistic diet of insects and other arthropods, various small vertebrates, and some plant materials. Scrub-jays forage primarily on the ground and because they are not particularly nimble fliers, swiftly flying prey are rarely taken (Woolfenden and Fitzpatrick 1984). The winter diet is dominated by acorns of native scrub oaks, which are cached in the thousands during the late summer and fall (Woolfenden and Fitzpatrick 1996), but can include a great variety of other, primarily animal, foods. Fewer than 20 species of vertebrates have been documented as prey of scrub-jays (Woolfenden and Fitzpatrick 1996) suggesting that, with a few prominent exceptions such as lizards and tree frogs, such items may infrequently occur in the scrub-jay diet. Scrub-jays are regularly observed capturing common lizards, frogs, and various invertebrates and seasonally these items may make up a substantial portion of their normal diet. Opportunistic predation upon snakes has been reported. Bowman (2003) observed apparent cooperative predation on an approximately 0.5 m long snake ( Coluber constrictor ) by a mated pair of scrub-jays. Scrub-jays also have been observed preying on other birds’ nests (Deaner 2010, Woolfenden and Fitzpatrick 1984). When led to nests containing eggs, scrub-jays either broke open and ate the eggs immediately, or carried them off whole for caching (Woolfenden and Fitzpatrick 1984). Predation of adult birds has rarely been observed. McGinity (1997) watched a scrub-jay attack and subdue a Common Ground-Dove ( Columbina passerina ) that appeared to be performing a typical nest-distraction display. Curry (1990) described how a scrub-jay attacked and killed an adult Northern Mockingbird ( Mimus polyglottos) approximately half its own weight, and fed on its brain and other nearby tissues before abandoning the body. There appear to be no published records of scrub-jay predation on small mammals except for passing comments that they kill mice with stabs to the neck (Woolfenden and Fitzpatrick 1996). Here I recount the first observation of an attack by an adult male scrub-jay on a bat. Just after 0800 EST on 21 March 2009 at Archbold Biological Station in Venus, FL, I was searching for the nest in the territory of one of our banded breeding pairs. The habitat was overgrown, including various scrub oak species ( Quercus spp .) with an understory of saw palmetto ( Serenoa repens) and over-story of slash pine ( Pinus elliotti). The female was not present, presumably on a nest, and I was following the male. The scrub-jay suddenly squawked and dove to a location out of view behind some palmettos to the trunk of a large slash pine about 1.5m in front of me. The bird then dropped onto the ground at the base of the tree within the palmettos. I heard barely audible, high pitched screeching sounds and substantial crashing in the immediate vegetation. I eased closer and saw that the jay had a bat pinned on its back to the ground. The bat tried to bite defensively, but the bird began repeatedly striking at the bat’s head and neck. The bat attempted to cover itself with its wings but after a few more strikes by the jay its defense became less coordinated. The scrub-jay grabbed the bat and shook it several 151 152 FLORIDA FIELD NATURALIST times, repositioned itself and continued the attack on the head of the bat. Once the bat was largely inert, the jay stood facing and astride the bat, and made multiple heavy strikes directly into the face and skull, similar to the action used to open acorns. After 3-4 strikes I heard the skull bones crack several times. The bat appeared lifeless within a minute and a half of the initial contact. The jay struggled to take off with the bat held in its bill, but once airborne quickly flew too far for me to follow in the dense understory. I assume, based on the direction of travel and the fact that the male returned to my location within 10 minutes that he likely cached the bat or delivered it to the female at the nest which I later found about 200 m away, in the same direction. While I did not observe the bird feeding on the bat directly, the aggressive attack and method of kill suggest that predation is the likely explanation. Both Curry (1990) and McGinity (1997) described similar attack methods during their observations of predation on adult birds and Woolfenden and Fitzpatrick (1996) note this approach to handling larger vertebrate prey. Because of the difficulty in handling relatively large vertebrate prey and few direct observations despite years of intense monitoring, small mammals likely represent no more than a very small percentage of the scrub-jay diet. However, a small mammal could provide a substantial energetic payoff and thus scrub-jays are likely to prey on them opportunistically. The specific identity of the bat is unknown, but the tree roost and coloration suggest the evening bat ( Nycticeius humeralis ) as a likely candidate. The bat’s pelage appeared reddish-brown overall, contrasting with the dark brown bare skin of the wings, face, and ears. Several other species of bats are common at Archbold. This observation suggests that any of them roosting in the open could be considered potential prey items for an alert scrub-jay. Acknowledgments I thank Grechen Pruett, Liz Schold, Bud Stracker, Reed Bowman, and an anony- mous reviewer for comments and discussion improving this manuscript. Thanks to John Fitzpatrick for discussions regarding the possible identity of the bat. I also am indebted to Reed Bowman and Archbold Biological Station for the opportunity to study such dy- namic and engaging birds. Literature Cited Bowman, R. 2003. Apparent cooperative hunting in Florida Scrub-Jays. Wilson Bulletin 115:197-199. Curry, R. 1990. Florida Scrub Jay kills a mockingbird. Condor 92:256-257. Deaner, L. 2010. Florida Scrub- Jay ( Aphelocoma coerulescens ) preys on Common Night- hawk ( Chordeiles minor ) eggs. Florida Field Naturalist 38:12-14. McGinity, J. 1997. Florida Scrub-Jay kills Common Ground-Dove. Florida Field Natu- ralist 25:101-102. Woolfenden, G. E., and J. W. Fitzpatrick. 1984. The Florida Scrub Jay: Demography of a Cooperative-breeding Bird. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey. Woolfenden, G. E., and J. W. Fitzpatrick. 1996. Florida Scrub-Jay ( Aphelocoma coerules- cens). In The Birds of North America, No. 228 (A Poole and F. Gill, Eds). The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and The American Ornithologists’ Union, Wash- ington, D.C. Florida Field Naturalist 42(4):153-171, 2014. TWENTY-SECOND REPORT OF THE FLORIDA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY RECORDS COMMITTEE: 2012 Jon S. Greenlaw 10503 Mist flower Lane, Tampa, Florida 33647 Abstract— The Florida Ornithological Society Records Committee had its annual summer meeting in Gainesville on 18 August 2012. As Old Business, the Committee revisited three unresolved reports, determined that the Purple Swamphen met all the requirements for establishment in Florida, resolved a Tabled report, and finished its review of five exotic species that were proposed for disestablishment. The Committee critically examined the rules for disestablishment and found that the vague language in our “Rules and Procedures” did not apply to the five species under review, or to any other established species on the Florida birdlist. We agreed that for these species, and in the future, the rule of “natural extirpation” would uniformly apply. This conforms to what happens on other bird records committees (e.g. ABA). Under New Business, we re-evaluated two old reports due to an issue of verifiability of an only record based on photographic evidence. Twenty routine, well-documented reports were sent out for email voting during the spring before the summer meeting. All were approved. Twenty-seven new reports required evaluation at the meeting: 20 were accepted, 6 not accepted, and 1 was tabled pending more information. Two species were added to the Official Florida Bird List: Purple Swamphen and Inca Dove, bringing the state list to 512 species. The twenty-second report of the Florida Ornithological Society Records Committee (FOSRC) summarizes decisions made by the committee for the submission year ending in 2012. The FOSRC critically assesses reports of rare birds in Florida, including potential new records for the state, and evaluates the status of exotic species that may become established. Establishment criteria, last updated in 2004, are specified in the Committee’s Rules and Procedures, which are published on the Florida Ornithological Society’s website at http://www.fosbirds.org/. Submissions are requested for species or distinctive subspecies that are believed to be first-time vagrants in Florida or that are listed as review species or subspecies (http://www.fosbirds.org/official-florida-state-bird- list). FOSRC review species or subspecies (= Review List) are mostly taxa on the Official State List for which the FOSRC have previously reviewed and accepted 10 or fewer reports (but exceptions may be made to obtain more information on the occurrence of selected taxa in Florida). The Rules and Procedures govern the Committee’s activities. The website (see above) includes a form that permits direct on-line submission of reports to the FOSRC, the names and addresses of current committee members, and reports to the FOS Board on the proceedings of all recent FOSRC meetings. This report concerns the evaluations of 55 submissions (new and unresolved or tabled) involving 42 species, two subspecies, and three species-pairs. Of the 47 new submissions received from June 2011 through August 2012, 20 reports deemed to be uncontroversial, were submitted to Committee members in the April- June period for e-mail votes; all were accepted. Twenty-seven others were processed at our annual summer meeting in Gainesville. Of these, 20 were reviewed and accepted and six were not accepted after review. Of the non-accepted reports, issues were identifications not firmly established or uncertain provenance. One of the new reports was tabled. In addition, five tabled or un-resolved reports carried-over from earlier meetings for several reasons (Kratter 2012) 153 154 FLORIDA FIELD NATURALIST were re-visited this year: Purple Swamphen (FOSRC 2011-839) and Bicknell’s Thrush (FOSRC 2011-861) were accepted, the first as an established exotic species representing a new species to the Florida bird list, and the second based on new measurement information provided by the bander. Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher (FOSRC 2009-774) and Greater Ani (FOSRC 2011-832) were not accepted because of ambiguous descriptive information or uncertain provenance, respectively. One continuing report on the Tricolored Munia (FOSRC 2010-820) remained unresolved. Thus, overall among 50 new and previously unresolved or tabled reports that were finalized, 42 were accepted (84%) and 8 (16%) were not accepted (for a comparison to recent reports, see Kratter 2012). The high acceptance rate reflects the good quality of documentation in most reports, nearly all of which included one or more photographs. Finally, votes to re-open three old reports previously resolved were accepted based on new information on the cases: a previously rejected specimen record (FOSRC [20102-469) on the Common Merganser was accepted; an early report of breeding Virginia Rail in Florida (FOSRC [19184-066) that had been accepted was overturned (photographs alone were not verifiable as this species); and a new report on a Rough-legged Hawk in Lake Co., which had not been accepted based on an earlier report, was re-considered and left unresolved. In March 2011, the Committee received three proposals to review the status and potentially delist three established, exotic species (Budgerigar, White-winged Parakeet, and Red-whiskered Bulbul) on the Florida bird list. Later, the Committee added two other exotic species (Muscovy Duck and Spot-breasted Oriole). Our rules and procedures specify that a year-long review and public comment period must ensue before final decisions on these five species were possible. During the period between this meeting and the last one, the Secretary compiled information on the current and historic status and distribution of these species. At the June meeting this year, we reviewed the information and the criteria for disestablishment in our rules and procedures. The criteria did not provide explicit guidelines for delisting species that were already regarded as established in Florida. The assumption of the proposals was that because the five species were never vetted explicitly and individually by the Committee (but were vetted either by Robertson and Woolfenden [1992] or by the American Birding Association before them), the prevailing rules and procedures for disestablishment should be applied retrospectively to the species under consideration. However, the five species had been ‘grandfathered’ onto the Florida bird list in 1992 when Robertson and Woolfenden (1992) completed their critical evaluation of the list, which was accepted by the FOSRC as its baseline (Anderson and Baker 1994), to which it would review and add new species as evidence dictated. The Committee revisited the ambiguous disestablishment provision in our rules and procedures and agreed that the simplest criterion, that natural extirpation of an exotic species - previously deemed to be established - within its Florida range, should be the new standard for disestablishment. The Committee voted to continue the status quo for the five species, thus retaining them on the Official Florida Bird List (see below). Bowman and Greenlaw (2006) were the last to publish an updated Official State List of the Birds of Florida for the period ending 31 December 2005, for a total of 495 species. Kratter (2012) further updated the list through 30 Jun 2011, when it stood at 512. This year (2012), the FOSRC accepted Purple Swamphen ( Porphyrio porphyrio ) as established in Florida, and the Inca Dove ( Columbina inca), a southwestern vagrant, as new on the Florida list, raising the species total in the state to 514. All of these are based on independently verifiable evidence (specimens, photographs or videotapes, and audio-recordings). All documentation reviewed by the FOSRC is archived in the Ornithology Division of the Florida Museum of Natural History (FLMNH), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, and is available to interested students of Florida birds. Observers of review-listed species in Florida, and birds that may be new to the State List, should submit reports to the FOSRC, preferably using the online form (http://www.fosbirds.org/content/fos-bird- Twenty-second Report — FOS Records Committee 155 records-species-documentation) or otherwise in a typed format that follows the form. The online form provides a standardized format and uniform guidelines that highlight the information that is ideally needed to fully evaluate a report. In particular for those observers submitting photographs or videotape with their reports, the correspondent also should describe what was seen of the bird; our experience is that not all photographs show what needs to be seen about birds that can be confused with similar species. So an observer should tell us in as much detail as possible what was observed using binoculars. The link above delivers a report directly to the Secretary of the Committee. If an observer sends in a written or typed report by mail, it should be addressed to Jon S. Greenlaw, 10503 Mistflower Lane, Tampa, Florida, or sent electronically as an email attachment to the address . This report was prepared on behalf of all members of the FOSRC serving during the 2011-12 reporting year. The members serving during these reviews and their last year of tenure were: Bruce Anderson (2012), Mark Berney (2013), John Murphy (2014), Jon Greenlaw (2015), Ed Kwater (2016), Michael Brothers (2017), and Rafael Galvez (2018). See the FOS website (above) for a list of the current members of the FOSRC and their addresses. Submitters (all submitters are acknowledged below, but only those reports that are accepted include the initials of the submitter): Bruce Anderson (BA), Jose Francisco Barros (JFB), Fred Bassett (FB), Mark Berney (MBe), Ardith Bondi (AB), John Boyd (JB), Michael Brothers (MBr), Cecil Brown (CB), Brenda & Jerry Calloway (B&JC), Ryan Colburn (RC), Fred Dietrich (FD), Bob & Lucy Duncan (B&LD), Tony & Phyllis Frank (T&PF), Carl Goodrich (CG), Jon Greenlaw (JG), Richard Greenspun (RG), Alex Harper (AH), Mitchell Harris (MH), Adam Kent (AKe), John Killian ( JK), Alan Knothe (AKn), Andy Kratter (AKr), Ed Kwater (EK), Larry Manfredi (LM), John Mangold (JMa), Stephen Mann (SMa), Sean McCool (SMc), Vince McGrath (VM), Paul Miller (PM), Trey Mitchell (TM), John Murphy (JMu), Valeri Ponzo (VP), Bill Pranty (BP), Diane Reed (DR), Maria Rodriguez (MR), Paul Rowe (PR), Carlos Jose Sanchez (CJS), Elliot Schunke (ES), Gayle Sheets (GS), Kim Stringer (KS), Sue Tavaglione (ST), Russ Titus (RTi), Roberto Torres (RTo), Bob Wallace (BW), Renee Wilson (RW), and Andy Wraithmell (AW). Committee News, Formats, and Terminology Committee news. -During 2012, the FOSRC met once on 18 August 2012 at the Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville. At this meeting, Jon Greenlaw began a term of managing Secretary following the end of Andrew W. Kratter’s term. Rafael Galvez (Homestead) filled Andy’s vacancy as he began a new term with his tenure limit in 2018. After this meeting, Bruce Anderson reached his term limit, and David Goodwin (Brandon) was nominated and approved to fill his vacancy beginning in 2013. His term limit will end in 2019. Change in committee Rules and Procedures.- Five exotic species (see above) were reviewed for potential disestablishment at this meeting, following announcement of the review process at the June 2011 meeting over a year ago (required under section 5b of our Rules and Procedures). Because the rules for disestablishment in section 4 were vague and would be difficult to apply to the five cases for different reasons, the Committee chose to adopt a simple rule for disestablishment that has been used elsewhere. We call this the “natural extirpation” rule. Bruce Anderson offered the motion. After a second, we discussed this issue and subsequently unanimously approved a change in section 4 of the Rules and Procedures as follows: to replace the preamble of section 4 (see next) and delete the ensuing subsections “a” and “b.” Section 4 should read: 156 FLORIDA FIELD NATURALIST 4. Criteria for Disestablishment: A species designated as an Established Exotic on the State List shall be considered disestablished if the following applies: the Committee determines that the exotic species, which was previously deemed to have been established as a viable population within a definable range in Florida, has become naturally extirpated in that range. Formats and terminology. -'We follow the current nomenclature and sequence that are used in the American Ornithologists’ Union check-list (AOU 1998) and its supplements (http://checklist.aou.org/) in the species accounts. Within accounts, reports on more than one submission on a species are introduced sequentially by the date of receipt. The initials following the catalog number refer to one or more contributors who supplied information to the committee (see list above). We follow the terminology for age of birds outlined by Kratter (2012). We normally do not review subspecies, but on occasion we accept submissions on distinctive, field-identifiable subspecies whose taxonomic rank may be reevaluated by the AOU. Our use of the words “report” and “record” to describe occurrences of species in Florida follows Robertson and Woolfenden (1992), Stevenson and Anderson (1994), and Greenlaw et al. 2014. For each species, we provide the number of records and sight reports previously accepted by the FOSRC as context for a current accepted report. In addition, for species with five or fewer records, we provide details on the number of records of a species in Florida before the FOSRC was established in 1983. “FWC” is an abbreviation for the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. Review of Some Established Exotic Species The FOSRC is mandated to evaluate the status of exotic species that have been introduced to Florida either accidentally as escapes or as releases locally, and to determine when such species become established as self-sustaining, freely breeding populations. The committee has formalized criteria for evaluating the issues of establishment and disestablishment. The matter of potential disestablishment arose in 2010 in relation to five species that had been grandfathered onto the State List when the FOSRC accepted the list of verified species in Robertson and Woolfenden (1992) as its base list (see Rules and Procedures, section 3 of preamble). As noted previously, the committee concluded that all five species should remain on the list until such time as they may be extirpated naturally within their respective ranges in the state (see above). I provide here a synoptic review of the current status of these five species in Florida, and include the results of an unpublished survey, organized by Carlos Sanchez (Miami), and report to the committee of three of the five species in the greater Miami area during the one-year evaluation period that preceded our vote at the June 2011 meeting. Budgerigar, Melopsittacus undulatus FOSRC 2011-843. This parrot was listed by the ABA Checklist Committee (ABA-CLC; A.B.A. Checklist: Birds of Continental United States and Canada, first supplement to first edition) in 1975, thus formalizing the view that it was established in Florida where the only known free-living population in the ABA area then resided. This decision was accepted by the authors of recent treatments of the state’s avifauna (Robertson and Woolfenden 1992, Stevenson and Anderson 1994, Greenlaw et al. 2014). Thus, the Budgerigar was accepted on the Official Bird List of Florida when the FOSRC chose the list of verified species in Robertson and Woolfenden (1992) as its baseline. In the late 1970s, the species numbered in the thousands along the central Gulf coast (Pranty 2001, Pranty and Garrett 2003, Greenlaw et al. 2014). Its current range is in two residential subdivisions in southwestern Hernando Co. and northwestern Pasco Co. (20 birds on two Christmas Bird Counts, 2012-13, and three individuals on these same CBCs, Twenty-second Report — FOS Records Committee 157 2013-14 [B. Pranty, in litt.]). Thus, it appears that the Budgerigar may become extirpated soon from its range in the region. White-winged Parakeet, Brotogeris versicolurus FOSRC 2011-844. This parakeet was placed on the list of birds of continental United States and Canada in 1982 by the ABA-CLC ( A.B.A. Checklist, second edition) on the basis of its acceptance as established in Florida under the name “Canary- winged Parakeet” (B. versicolurus ). The Canary-winged Parakeet taxon was split into two species in the late 1990s (AOU 1997), which resulted in the name-carrying species (White-winged Parakeet) being retained on the Florida list by default, while the newly named species, Yellow-chevroned Parakeet ( Brotogeris chiriri), is not on the list. The species is declining in its limited range in Florida, and appears to be mainly found now in central and northeastern sections of metropolitan Miami-Dade Co., and perhaps in adjoining sections of Broward Co. (Greenlaw et al., 2014; C. Sanchez, in litt.). In contrast, the populations of B. chiriri in the Miami area may be increasing (Smith and Smith 1993, Pranty and Voren 2003, Greenlaw et al. 2014). Red-whiskered Bulbul, Pycnonotus jocosus FOSRC 2011-847. This bulbul, the only member of its family (Pycnonotidae) now in North America, was listed by the ABA-CLC in 1975 when it was included in the first edition of the A.B.A. Checklist on the basis of a small population in southeastern Florida (Carleton and Owre 1975). Pranty (2010) provided a recent review of the species, while short summary accounts are in Robertson and Woolfenden (1992), Stevenson and Anderson (1994), and Greenlaw et al. (2014). Currently, the core distribution of this species is in South Miami, Kendall, and Pinecrest. A survey in 2011 of selected neighborhood blocks in greater Miami found 91 birds in these areas, including one flock of 18 individuals (C. Sanchez, in litt.). Sanchez wrote: “Since the time of [the survey], birds have also been confirmed breeding as far north and west as 102nd Avenue and Sunset Drive. Although the overall population is not large, it seems to be stable.” Muscovy Duck, Cairina moschata FOSRC 2012-906. This duck was accepted onto their verified list of Florida’s birds by Robertson and Woolfenden (1992). It was then moved to the Official List of Florida Birds when the FOSRC adopted the verified list in this critical review as its baseline. It was established in the state by escaped or released domestic stock, augmented perhaps by the introduction of a small contingent of wild-caught birds from Venezuela (Hutt 1967, Robertson and Woolfenden 1992). Stevenson and Anderson (1994) did not accept the species on their main species list. They implied that after all the years these ducks have been present in settled districts of Florida, they mostly continued to be escapes. They concluded that “there seems to be no established wild (wary) population in Florida despite the release of many over the years.” However, Robertson and Woolfenden (1992) noted that “free- flying, vigorously reproducing duck populations dominated by individuals that resemble C. moschata are now almost ubiquitous on Florida’s suburban waters” throughout the state (FWC 2003). Greenlaw et al. (2014) consider this species to be established. The species has become the anatid counterpart in Florida of feral Rock Pigeons ( Columha livia). Spot-breasted Oriole, Icterus pectoralis FOSRC 2012-907. This oriole was placed on the list of birds as an established exotic species for the continental United States and Canada in 1975 by the ABA- 158 FLORIDA FIELD NATURALIST CLC in its A.B.A. Checklist, first edition. Pranty (2004a) and Greenlaw et al. (2014) provide reviews of the status and distribution of the species in Florida. The species is still widely present in its recent core range from Broward Co. to Coral Gables, Kendall, and Pinecrest south of Miami, Miami-Dade Co., but its numbers are low (C. Sanchez, in litt.) and occurrences are very local. Reports in the eBird.org database (Cornell University, http://ebird.org/map/) for 2012-April 2013 extend from Fort Lauderdale south to Pinecrest. It may continue to occur north into Palm Beach Co. (Greenlaw et al., 2014). After a retrenchment from its peaks numbers and range in the mid-1970s (Pranty 2002, Pranty and Nelson 2010), it may be struggling to hold its own. Old Submissions Revisited Common Merganser, Mergus merganser FOSRC [20102-469 (BP). The committee re-opened this report based on updated information on an old specimen of a male shot by Jacob Foxbower in Pasco County, in the mid-twentieth century. The report was originally unresolved and finally not accepted (Bowman and Greenlaw 2006) by the committee because of uncertain provenance and ambiguous details on its history. B. Pranty (pers. comm.) had seen the specimen (in son Charles Foxbower’s possession at the time), photographed it, and had interviewed the son. Pranty supplied a copy of the photograph to the committee, but later he provided additional information on the specimen and the collecting event recalled by the son, who remembered the time when his father brought the bird home. The year “1968” was written on the bottom of the mount base, the year that specimen was shot at Fillman Bayou in northwestern Pasco County. Jacob Foxbower was a local hunter/taxidermist who often hunted waterfowl at this locality. The petition to re-open was accepted and the updated report was approved based on the additional historical details on the bird and information on its provenance. Virginia Rail, Rallus limicola FOSRC [19J84-066. The committee re-opened this report after a preliminary critical review of the only purported record of breeding of this species in Florida — which this report had established — raised a question about the identification of the rail species involved. The observations were made on 15 June 1984 in Hickory Mound Impoundment Wildlife Management Area, Taylor Co., which is a brackish, subcoastal location where Clapper Rails (. Rallus longirostris ) are prevalent (http:// www.wildflorida.com/places/PAN_.Hickory_Mound.php). Virginia Rails regularly breed south to southern Ohio, western Virginia, northern Georgia, and coastal North Carolina in the eastern United States (AOU 1998). Scattered records are accepted in the Piedmont of Georgia and one near the coast (Chatham Co.). Other possible breeding reports also were in the Piedmont, all quite far north of the Florida border (Beaton et al. 2003). The southernmost confirmed breeding location mapped in the Georgia Breeding Bird Atlas (Schneider et al. 2010) is in Bibb Co. on the edge of the coastal plain ecoregion, but still well north of Florida. The photographs of the adult that accompanied the brood of chicks in Florida was judged to be of a Clapper Rail. Thus, the committee accepted the view that the verifiable evidence did not support the original conclusion of a breeding record for the Virginia Rail in Florida. Two outside reviewers also examined the photographs and independently identified the adult rail as a Clapper Rail. The result of this review is that Florida stands without a confirmed record of breeding by the Virginia Rail. Twenty-second Report-- -FOS Records Committee 159 New Submissions Accepted King Eider, Somateria spectabilis FOSRC 2011-876 (RC, AW, B&LB). A first-year male was discovered on 21 December 2011 off Pensacola Beach, Santa Rosa County, and remained in the vicinity until 28 December when it was found dead in Pensacola Bay, Escambia County. The carcass was delivered to the Florida Museum of Natural History (FLMN'H) where it was preserved as a specimen (UF 48940). Only three other specimens are known from Florida waters (1961-1975) and a record based on a published photograph of a bird in Pinellas County in 1973 (Robertson and Woolfenden 1992). This report, which added a fourth specimen in the state, was only the first record accepted by the committee. Masked Duck, Nomonyx dominicus FOSRC 2012-905 (CG). A single duck was found and photographed on 10 March 2012 at Key West Botanical Gardens on Stock Island, Monroe County. The bird, an adult male, remained there until at least 19 October. The committee accepted eight previous reports (7 records based on photographs, and one sight report). Three earlier specimens (1955-1976) and two other birds verified by archived photographs (Robertson and Woolfenden 1992) bring the total to 12 records and one accepted report before the present duck was found. Northern Fulmar, Fulmarus glacialis FOSRC 2011,-881 (AKr). A male of unknown age was found alive on the beach on 20 November 2011 in Cocoa Beach, Brevard County, and brought to a wildlife hospital in Melbourne, where it died on 29 November. The bird was saved as a specimen (UF 48956) at the FLMMH, where it was examined by the committee. This is the seventh record (all photographed or preserved as specimens) of this species for Florida. The first in 2005 was found on Satellite Beach, Brevard County, on 19 April. Manx Shearwater, Puffinus puffinus FOSRC 2012-892 (MBr). Two shearwaters together, photographed on 5 February 2012, were of this species. They were about 12-15 mi (19-24 km) off Nassau County, somewhere between the county line shared with Duval County and Georgia. The species is known, in Florida from 17 reports, 14 of which are based on specimens or photographs (Greenlaw et aL 2014). The FOSRC has processed 12 of these reports (including nine of the records). Neotropic Cormorant, Phalacrocorax brasilianus FOSRC 2011-883 (MBe, AB, JB). One bird, later determined to be an adult, was initially discovered and photographed on 23 January 2012 by AB at Wakodahatehee Wetlands on Jog Road, Delray Beach, Palm Beach County. M. Berney visited the cormorant breeding colony in the wetlands on 5 February, and on 9 other dates ending on 31 March, to seek information on the status of this cormorant and to obtain other photographs. It developed that three adult Neotropic Cormorants, each individually identifiable in photographs, were present in the colony, including the one originally discovered there. One of the other Neotropic Cormorants, first seen on 4 February, was identified as a female when it was observed during coition with a Double-crested Cormorant (P. auritus) in the colony. The original bird paired with a Double-crested Cormorant and possibly reared a single presumptive hybrid. Two other Neotropic-like cormorants found in the cormorant colony may have been hybrids or aberrant Double-crested 160 FLORIDA FIELD NATURALIST Cormorants (M. Berney, unpublished report to FOSRC). Breeding of this species in the colony remained unconfirmed, but evidence was suggestive of such an event - the first such evidence obtained in a breeding cormorant colony in Florida. Three individuals in the colony were accepted as this species. This species was first discovered in Florida on 13 April 2007 in the lower Florida Keys, Monroe County. Since then, two other individuals were found in Monroe County, one in Brevard County, one inland in Orange County, and one in Wakulla County in the eastern panhandle. These observations, together with the three known individuals in the breeding cormorant colony in Palm Beach County, suggest that range expansion to Florida, perhaps from the Bahamas or Cuba, may be underway (Greenlaw et al. 2014). Purple Swamphen, Porphyrio porphyrio FOSRC 2011-839. This is the third year that the committee has entertained a motion to consider the Purple Swamphen as established in Florida. The first motion in 2009 (FOSRC 2009-728) was not accepted because the species did not meet the Persistence Criterion of 15 years (Kratter 2010). The FWC undertook an eradication program that lasted from 2006-08 and formally ended without success in early 2009 (B. Pranty, in litt.), but the committee decided to wait before considering the species’ establishment status. This year (2011-12), after the effort by the FWC to eradicate the species failed (Hardin et al. 2011), and with evidence that the species continues to thrive and perhaps even spread (Pranty in litt.), the committee approved the motion to consider the species as established in Florida, thus adding it to the Official Florida State Bird List (see above). The Purple Swamphen is thought to have been present in Florida since about December 1996 in Pembroke Pines, Broward County (Pranty 2012). Three Florida specimens represent P. p. poliocephalus, a gray-headed race native to India and Sri Lanka east to the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra (Kratter et al. 2002, Pranty 2012). Its core breeding range in Florida as now understood includes some marshes in Broward, Hendry, and Palm Beach counties. By 2011, apparent non- breeding occurrences extended from northern Miami-Dade County and Collier County north to Lake and Orange counties, covering an estimated 35,000 km2 (Pranty 2012). The American Birding Association acted in 2013 to add the species to their ABA Checklist , an event marked by a review in the pages of Birding on its biology and history in Florida (Pranty 2013). Bar-tailed Godwit, Limosa lapponica FOSRC 2012-890 (T&PF). A single bird discovered on 3 February 2012, and subsequently seen by others through at least 10 February, was on the flats near the Flamingo Visitor Center, Everglades National Park, Monroe County. An individual of this species, apparently representing the Asian population, L. 1. baueri, was found at the same locality in April 2010 (Greenlaw et al. 2014). Six reports (five supported by photographs), four of which were considered and accepted by the FOSRC, are known from Florida through 2012. The first record in Florida was of a bird that wintered at Port Canaveral, Brevard County, from early October 1970 to late April 1971 (Cruickshank 1980, Robertson and Woolfenden 1992). California Gull, Larus californicus FOSRC 2012-891 (MBr). A single adult found on the beach with other gulls on 26 January 2012 and seen again on 31 January was at Daytona Beach Shores near Frank Rendon Park, Volusia County. About 18 reports of this species are known in Florida (Greenlaw et al. 2014), and only seven previous reports, six supported by photographs, were accepted Twenty-second Report — FOS Records Committee 161 by the FOSRC. Most early reports were not reviewed by the records committee. The first accepted record for the state concerned a bird photographed in 1998 in Franklin County (McNair 2000). Earlier photographic records were not accepted by Greenlaw et al. (2014) because of questionable identification. Thayer’s Gull, Larus thayeri FOSRC 2012-903 (MBr). A gull of this species in its first plumage cycle was discovered and photographed on 9 March 2012 in Daytona Beach Shores near Frank Rendon Park, Volusia County. Since 1983, including this record, the species is known in Florida from ten records based on a specimen and photographs and three additional sight reports (Robertson and Woolfenden 1992, Greenlaw et al. 2014). Elegant Tern, Thalasseus elegans FOSRC 2012-909 (RG). A single tern of this species was encountered and photographed in flight on 24 May 2012 on Longboat Key, Sarasota, Sarasota County. The bird appeared to be in its first cycle as it still retained a small patch of orange on its foot on otherwise black legs and feet, and exhibited a small, subapical secondary bar. The primaries were fresh, but primary 9 (P9) seemed slightly shorter than P10, suggesting that these flight feathers were nearing the end of their prolonged first basic (formative) molt (Pyle 2008). Dr. Enrique Velarde, an avian biologist who studies Elegant Terns in Baja California, examined the photograph and affirmed its identification. She saw no evidence of hybridization. An Elegant Tern, perhaps the same individual, was relocated and photographed on 4 October and on 22 October 2012 on Siesta Beach, Sarasota County, about 7 miles (11 km) SSE of Longboat Key (S. Wilson, in litt.). The photograph of the Longboat Key bird taken in May was published with the incorrect date of 25 May and at the incorrect location of North Lido Beach (North American Birds 66:572, 2013; fide S. Wilson, in litt.). This is only the second record for Florida. The first appeared in Pinellas County in the fall, 1999, as a subadult, nonbreeding bird (Pranty 2000, Kwater 2001), remaining until spring, 2004 (Shoch and Howell 2013). During this time the bird paired and bred with a Sandwich Tern in May 2002 (Paul et al. 2003), and was seen copulating with a Sandwich Tern in spring, 2004 (Pranty 2004b). Shoch and Howell (2013) reviewed the occurrences of vagrant “orange-billed terns” ( Thalasseus ) in eastern North America. Records have been increasing in recent years. Razorbill, Aka torda FOSRC 2011-880 (AKr). A hatch-year female was found on 16 December 2011 and taken to a rehabilitation clinic in Fort Lauderdale, Broward County. The exact location of discovery was not known. The bird became UF 48995 at the Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, where the FOSRC examined it. Inca Dove, Columbina inca FOSRC 2011-869 (JMu, JC, MBr). A single individual was observed on 10 September 2011 along East Gulf Beach Drive on St. George Island, Franklin County. Photographs documented this first occurrence of the species in Florida. FOSRC 2011-866 (B&LB, AH). A single bird was found and photographed on 9 October 2011 in the Peake’s Point gated community, Gulf Breeze, Santa Rosa County. A group of contour feathers missing on the left side of the undertail coverts on this bird, and apparently the same group of missing feathers on the Franklin County bird, suggested the possibility the two doves were the same individual. 162 FLORIDA FIELD NATURALIST Broad-billed Hummingbird, Cynanthus latirostris FOSRC 2011-864 (FB, FD). An adult male was captured, measured, and photographed on 25 September 2011 at feeders in a residential yard in Eastpoint, Franklin County. The bird was last seen the following day. The first record of this species in Florida was in September 2004 in Escambia County. Since then, four additional records have been accepted in the state by the FOSRC. Broad-tailed Hummingbird, Selasphorus platycercus FOSRC 2011-875 (FB). A hatch-year male was banded, measured, and photographed on 29 November 2011 at feeders in a residential yard on Gunter Road, Pensacola, Escambia County. The first record of this species in Florida was in January 2000 in Wakulla County. A total of seven records, including the current record, and one sight report has been accepted by the FOSRC to August 2012. Except for the first record in Florida, all other occurrences were in the western panhandle from Escambia County to Walton County. Allen’s Hummingbird, Selasphorus sasin FOSRC 2011-862 (FB). A second-year male captured, measured, photographed, and banded on 17 January 2011 at a residence in Brooksville, Hernando County. Rectrix 5 measured 2.2 mm wide, and molt was in progress with fresh green feathers appearing on the back. Since it was first verified in Florida in October 1996, 11 records, including this bird, have been affirmed by the FOSRC in Florida. The Brooksville bird is only the third peninsular record (south to Polk County), while four were in the western (Escambia and Okaloosa counties) and four were in the eastern panhandle (Leon County). Willow Flycatcher, Empidonax traillii FOSRC 2011-863 (AKe, BP, VP, BW). This Empidonax, a migrant stopover in Florida, was discovered at Earl P. Powers Park on the south shore of Newnans Lake, Alachua County, on 18 September 2011. It was singing and calling and remained at the edge of bulrush stands and low shrubs bordering the lake until 24 September at least. This species is among the least well-known migrants in Florida because it can easily be confused with the similar Alder Flycatcher (E. alnorum ). Both species are on the review list as needing information on their status in Florida based on field recordings of diagnostic songs and calls. An audible song was recorded and is archived in FOSRC files at the Florida Museum of Natural History. This is the first audio-record of the species in the state since the species was review- listed. Say’s Phoebe, Sayornis saya FOSRC 2011-878 (B&JC). A single bird discovered on 1 October 2011, was later seen the same day by several other birders, but not on the following day, at Fort Pickens, Pensacola Beach, Escambia County. The bird was verified by a photograph. FOSRC 2012-893 (BP). This bird was observed and photographed on 11 February 2012 along Ranch Road east of Astatula, Lake County. It was first reported at this location on 29 October 2011. A Say’s Phoebe has been at this site for the last Twenty-second Report-— FOS Records Committee 163 five winters, including this one, an occurrence that is likely to involve the same individual exhibiting winter philopatry. FOSRC 2012-897 (AKn). This single bird was found on 2 October 2011 on the lighthouse grounds at Cape San Bias, Gulf County The bird was verified by a photograph. Previously FOSRC has affirmed three sight reports and six photographic records in Florida. The species was first verified in Florida in Orange County in November 1975 (Robertson and Woolfenden 1992). Tropical/Couch’s kingbird, Tyrannus melancholicus / couchii FOSRC 2012-899 (DR). A single yellow-bellied Tyrannus flycatcher that remained silent was found and photographed on 27 June 2012 at Guana Tolomato Matanzas National Estuarine Research Reserve near St. Augustine, St, Johns County Couch’s Kingbird has never been documented in Florida, while Tropical Kingbird has been identified by voice and accepted by FOSRC over a dozen times through August 2012. Recently an average of about one unidentified kingbird per year representing this combination is reported in the state. Thick-billed Vireo, Vireo crassimstHs FOSRC 2011-867 (CJS, LM). This single bird was observed and photographed on 6 August 2011 at Matheson Hammock Park, Coral Gables, Miami-Dade County It remained until at least 16 August. FOSRC 2012-902 (LM). Another single bird was found and photographed on 26 October 2011 at Greynolds Park, Miami, Miami-Dade County The details of the report were provided online (http://tropicalaudubon.org/tasboard/messages/59930. html) and the identification, based, on the photograph, was initially confirmed by L. Manfredi (Miami). The vireo was not seen again. FOSRC 2012-911 (RTi). This individual was found and photographed on 7 May 2012 at Hugh Taylor Birch State Park, Fort Lauderdale, Broward County It was last reported on 9 May. Although first reported in Florida in 1961 (Robertson and Woolfenden 1992), the species did not become listed officially until two occurrences (Miami-Dade and Palm Beach counties) were verifiably documented in 1989 and 1990 (Smith et al. 1990, Robertson and Woolfenden 1992). Since then, FOSRC has accepted 11 additional reports (eight records) of the vireo, including the three listed here. All the occurrences, apart from one wandering individual found on the Gulf coast in Pinellas County in October 2006, were on the southeast coast from Palm Beach County to northern Monroe County opposite the species’ nearest likely sources in the Bahamas. Yellow-green Vireo, Vireo flavoviridis FOSRC 2011-868 (MBr, RTo). This single bird was found on 7 October 2011 at Matheson Hammock Park, Coral Gables, Miami-Dade County Photographs documented the discovery The bird continued at the location until 12 October, and was not reported afterward (http:// tropicalaudubon.org/tasboard/). The Yellow-green Vireo was first discovered in Florida and is represented by a specimen taken near Gulf Breeze, Santa Rosa County in May 1958 (Robertson and Woolfenden 1992), The FOSRC has previously accepted 10 reports (three records) since 1984. Accepted reports are from the western panhandle, the southeastern coast, and Pinellas County (Greenlaw et al. 2014). The species normally migrates south from its breeding range in Middle America to winter in South America. 164 FLORIDA FIELD NATURALIST Bicknell’s Thrush, Catharus bicknelli FOSRC 2011-861 (PM). This bird was mist-netted, measured, and banded at Kissimmee Prairie State Park, Okeechobee County, on 9 October 2010. Measurements of wing chord and relative primary lengths (primary one [PI] versus P8 and P6 versus P8) provided critical details that affirmed the diagnosis of this species. The early history of occurrence based on a critical review was provided by Woolfenden and Greenlaw (2005). A total of 11 records is known from Florida through the end of 2012 (Greenlaw et al. 2014). Varied Thrush, Ixoreus naevius FOSRC 2012-889 (RW). This thrush appeared at a home in Golden Gate Estates near Naples, Collier County, on 23 April 2012, when it was photographed. The bird was not seen again. FOSRC 2012-894 (CB). This sighting was of a single bird found on 20 October 2011 at Fort Pickens, Escambia County. The description of this distinctive bird provided sufficient details of color and pattern to affirm the species. First verified in Florida in Palm Beach County in October 1977 (Robertson and Woolfenden 1992), these two reports constitute the sixth and seventh accepted for Florida. Five records and two accepted sight reports extend known occurrences to four other counties in the state: Escambia, Bay, Pinellas, and Collier. Sage Thrasher, Oreoscoptes montanus FOSRC 2011-877 (KS, JMu). This single bird was discovered and photographed on 11 November 2011 near the eastern end of Dr. Julian G. Bruce St. George Island State Park, Franklin County. It remained to at least 14 November when it was photographed again. The bird was found in mixed scrub and herbaceous habitat on coastal dunes in the park. The species was first verified in Florida by a specimen obtained in January 1969, with a photographic record following in late March 1976 (Robertson and Woolfenden 1992). Accumulated occurrences (now five records) come from Escambia, Franklin, Taylor, and Gilchrist counties in the panhandle and northwestern peninsular Florida (Greenlaw et al. 2014). Kirtland’s Warbler, Setophaga kirtlandii FOSRC 2011-870 (RTo, MBe, LM). A single bird, likely a male, was observed and photographed on 20 and 21 October 2011 in Richardson Historic Park and Nature Preserve, Wilton Manors, Broward County. Of about 20 or 21 reports of this species in Florida, only 6 are records (one specimen, five photographs including the present bird) (Greenlaw et al. 2014). Two other sight reports were accepted by the FOSRC, but most of the early reports were not evaluated. All except the Pinellas County record are from the east- central and southeast coasts of Florida (Volusia to Palm Beach counties) opposite the wintering grounds of the species in the Bahamas. These accepted occurrences represent both spring and fall migratory movements. “Audubon’s” Warbler, Setophaga coronata [auduboni group] FOSRC 2011-865 (GS). One adult in non-breeding plumage was discovered on 23 October near the Sanibel Lighthouse, Point Ybel, Sanibel, Lee County. Photographs showed a full yellow throat, and observers heard its distinctive call as it foraged on the ground in coastal strand habitat. About eight published but unverified reports were known from Florida by the early 1990s (Stevenson and Anderson 1994). Because warblers from western Twenty-second Report— FOS Records Committee 165 populations of the S. coronata complex are field-diagnosable and are poorly known in the state, the western group was placed on the Review List in 2006 for the purpose of gathering information on its status in Florida. Five records (including the present bird) based on photographs or video and two accepted sight reports (earliest in 1988, Dry Tortugas) constitute the total number of “Audubon’s” Warblers in the FOSRC inventory. Smith (2011) mentioned another record based on a photograph by L. Atherton, not seen by FOSRC, in Fort De Soto Park in May 1988. Green-tailed Towhee, Pipilo chlorurus FOSRC 2011-872 (AKr, JK). This bird was found and photographed on 4 December 2011 along US-441 in Paynes Prairie Preserve State Park, Alachua County. It remained until 7 December. FOSRC 2011-873 (BA, AKn). A second towhee of this species was found and photographed on 15 December 2011 along Parrish Still Road, Vernon, Washington County. FOSRC 2011-874 (SMc). A third bird was discovered on 20 November 2011 at a residence about 4 mi (6 km) southwest of Crawfordville, Wakulla Co. It stayed to the next day. FOSRC 2012-884 (JG, PR, ST, SMa). A fourth individual was found on 10 December 2011 at Possum Branch Preserve, Safety Harbor, Pinellas County. This bird, and possibly a second one that was later reported but never verified, wintered at the preserve. The last sighting was on 19 March 2012. Photographs provided confirmation of occurrence and identity of at least one of the two birds reported. FOSRC 2012-885 (ES). A fifth individual was discovered on 21 February 2012 at Tall Timbers Research Station north of Tallahassee, Leon County. It was last seen on 13 March after apparently wintering at the site. It too was photographed to verify its occurrence and identification. FOSRC 2012-904 (JMa). A sixth Green-tailed Towhee of 2011-12 winter season was found and photographed on 10 March 2012 at Circle B Bar Reserve , Lakeland, Polk County. It was seen again by two observers on 11 March, but not afterwards. Six Green-tailed Towhees in one season is unprecedented in Florida. Previously, four records were tallied in the state since the first in 1990. No evidence exists of a broader, unusual influx of this species during the winter of 2011-12 in adjoining or nearby states in the Southeast. Only Georgia reported a single bird for its second state record (LeGrand et al. 2012). Spotted Towhee, Pipilo maculatus FOSRC 2011-879 (B& LD, AH). A single female that stayed two days was discovered and photographed on 13 January 2012 at the end of the Santa Rosa Peninsula in Gulf Breeze, Santa Rosa County. This bird was only the third record from Florida, all from the panhandle. American Tree Sparrow, Spizella arborea FOSRC 2012-888 (MH). A single bird appeared on 10 April 2012 at a residence on Bellwood Street, Titusville, Brevard County. Photographs documented its occurrence and identity. This is only the third record for Florida beginning with the first in Wakulla County in April 1988. Robertson and Woolfenden (1992) reviewed early, unverified reports in Florida. 166 FLORIDA FIELD NATURALIST Lark Bunting, Calamospiza melanocorys FOSRC 2012=887 (ES). A single bird, believed to be an adult male, was discovered on 21 February 2012 on Tall Timbers Research Station, Leon County. It was photographed during the period of its stay until 16 March. Previously, FOSRC processed three earlier records (earliest, 1985) and has accepted a sighting report. Robertson and Woolfenden (1962) documented a specimen, representing the first record for Florida, and two photographic records before 1985, bringing the current total in the state to seven records and one accepted report. Lazuli Bunting, Passerina amoena FOSRC 2012-887 (VM). A single first-year male appeared at a residence on Hibiscus Drive, South Fort Myers, Lee County, on 1 April 2012. It was photographed during its stay at a feeding station until 21 April. Eight photographic records and four additional sight reports have been accepted by the FOSRC previously. Also, an early record (1977) based on photographs was accepted by Robertson and Woolfenden (1992). Bullock’s Oriole, Icterus bullockii FOSRC 2011-871 (JMu, RS). A single adult male was discovered and photographed on 15 October 2011 at the Youth Camp, Dr. Julian G. Bruce St. George Island State Park, Franklin County. This constitutes the eleventh record of this oriole in Florida. Twelve records and five sight reports have been accepted in the state through the end of 2012 (Greenlaw et al. 2014). Submissions Not Accepted Western Grebe/Clark’s Grebe , Aechmophorus occidentalis / A. clarkii FOSRC 2012-900. This bird was observed on 2 December 2011 in the bay off Gulf Shores National Seashore between Okaloosa Island and Fort Walton Beach, Okaloosa County. Although the identification may have been correct, the written description did not provide sufficient details to be certain about the identification. Thayer’s Gull/Iceland (“Kumlien’s”) Gull, Larus thayeri/L. glaucoides kumlieni FOSRC 2012-908. A single unusual gull was observed on 6 December 2011 at the Santa Rosa County Central Landfill, Milton, Santa Rosa County. While it seemed possible that the species may have been a Thayer’s Gull, the description did not mention key field marks needed to identify either species. The reported size as equal to that of a Herring Gull also was an issue. The identity of the gull could not be affirmed given the evidence that was available. Greater Ani, Crotophaga major FOSRC 2011-832. A single bird of this species was photographed at Crandon Park Gardens, Key Biscayne, Miami-Dade County, on 16 December 2010. Although initially misidentified as a Groove-billed Ani (C. sulcirostris), its pale iris, long bill, and extensive iridescent plumage supported the identification of C. major. Of the three species in Crotophaga, this is a tropical bird that occurs mostly in South America north to Trinidad, Venezuela, Colombia, and the Caribbean lowlands of Panama (AOU 1998). It was recently discovered in Costa Rica (Sandoval et al. 2010), and has had a few instances of possible long-distance vagrancy in the Caribbean region. Two were collected in southern Tamaulipas, Mexico, in 1959 Twenty-second Report — FOS Records Committee 167 (Olson 1978, Howell and Webb 1995), but subsequent searches in the area failed to confirm any other records for the region. Single birds showed up recently in Aruba and the U.S. Virgin Islands (http://neotropical.birds.cornell.edu/portal/ neotropical news?). Long-distance vagrancy is well known for the other two species of ani (especially in Groove-billed Ani, which has reached California, Canada, and southern Florida from its normal range from southern Texas south through the tropical Americas to Argentina). Anis are not popular in the pet trade. No anis of any species are listed in ISIS, the international database of captive and zoo animals. However, an internet search found a request by an aviculturalist in Florida to buy captive Greater Anis, and the species was listed on a California- based website that sells captive birds, although the latter did not have any for sale at the time. At its 2011 meeting, FOSRC registered the view that the provenance of the species was unresolved. The issue was revisited in at the FOSRC’s 2012 meeting with a different outcome. Although one dissenting person argued that the Florida bird was part of a developing pattern of natural vagrancy in the Caribbean, other members were persuaded that uncertainty of provenance was an overriding feature of its occurrence in Florida, given where it was found, the Miami avicultural connection, and the apparent tattered ends of its tail feathers. The issue of potential natural vagrancy awaits support from further occurrences of the species in the Caribbean well outside its native range. White-collared Swift, Streptoprocne zonaris FOSRC 2012-901. A large swift came in off the Gulf of Mexico and flew over the head of the observer on the beach less than 0.5 mi (0.8 km) west of Sanibel Lighthouse, Lee County, on 24 April 2012. The description was ambiguous on the shape and location of white on the head or body, and the flight behavior raised questions, but otherwise this intriguing bird may have been correctly identified. The bird passed quickly over the observer’s head and disappeared inland. Considering how unusual this species would be in Florida, the committee felt that an acceptable report should be verified by one or more photographs. Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher, Myiodynastes luteiventris FOSRC 2009-774. Two birds were seen and heard on 12 September 2009 at the Southern Glades Wildlife and Environmental Area (“The Annex”), Miami-Dade County. Later the same day, the birds were heard vocalizing by a different observer, but they were not seen. An evaluation of the report left the identification unresolved at the 2010 meeting. No new material was available at the 2011 meeting, so the matter was left still unresolved. Dissenting voters had issues with the brief description of the birds, which failed to eliminate similar looking Streaked Flycatcher (M. maculatus ), Variegated Flycatcher ( Empidonomus varius), or Piratic Flycatcher ( Legatus leucophaius). Others on the committee felt that the description of the vocalizations, which one observer mentioned as “like a rubber toy,” coupled with the brief description of the bird, effectively eliminated these other species. The committee members were agreed on the scantiness of the description that was provided. Enough doubts arose from the ambiguity of the descriptive evidence to be concerned whether Streaked Flycatcher was eliminated. Some calls of the Streaked and Sulphur-bellied flycatchers can be similar. The birds were likely to be Sulphur-bellied Flycatchers, but the evidence was insufficient to support this identification with confidence. 168 FLORIDA FIELD NATURALIST Townsend’s Solitaire, Myadestes townsendi FOSRC 2012-898. A single bird was observed on 5 March 2012 in a residential yard on NW 77th Street, Gainesville, Alachua County. Identification was based on an incomplete description. It is likely that the bird was a Townsend’s Solitaire, but the inexperienced observer apparently did not notice the white eyering or white in the outer tail feathers. The wing pattern was mentioned as atypical, but it was not described. Missing information and some ambiguity in the description that was provided left some doubt on the identification. Cuban Bullfinch, Melopyrrha nigra FOSRC 2012-895. A male bullfinch was discovered in a residential yard on 24 October 2011, when it was photographed, along suburban SW 60th Avenue, South Miami, Miami-Dade County. The bird was seen daily at this location until 26 October when it disappeared for several days. It was encountered again on 1 November at the same site where it stayed at least through 9 November. Photographs verified the identification, but its provenance was uncertain. The species is fairly common in the local, illicit pet trade in Miami (L. Manfredi, in litt.). Cuban Grassquit, Tiaris canorus FOSRC 2012-910. A single bird was re-located and videotaped on 7 August 2012 in Matheson Hammock Park, Coral Gables, Miami-Dade County. It had been found originally on 23 June 2012 at the same location by other observers, who photographed it. The identification was never in doubt, but the provenance of the bird was uncertain. This grassquit is commonly kept in captivity in the Miami area, an issue that has kept the species off the official Florida birdlist. Submissions Not Resolved Rough-legged Hawk, Buteo lagopus FOSRC 2011-835. This hawk was initially observed on 14 December 2010 in Emeralda Marsh Conservation Area, Lake County. The report provided inadequate descriptive details on plumage and behavior, so the committee’s assessment was “not accepted” at its June 2011 meeting. Later we learned from the Secretary that a second report had been inadvertently overlooked in the file; he recommended that the committee reopen the file to consider that report at its next meeting. The second report by another observer was based on observations made on 2 February 2011, also in Emeralda Marsh. This file was re-opened and our earlier decision to not accept was reconsidered at the August 2012 meeting on the assumption that the single individuals seen nearly two months apart were of the same bird. Again, most members felt the second report also supplied incomplete details, but the result this time was an unresolved decision. “Cayenne” Tern, Thalasseus ( sandvicensis ) eurygnathus FOSRC 2012-912. A single, unusual, “yellow-billed” tern was found and photographed on 10 August 2012 on the Gulf side of Longboat Key, about 2-3 mi [3-5 km] north of New Pass, Sarasota County. The bird was associating with Sandwich Terns ( T. sandvicensis) on the beach; first thought suggested a possible “Cayenne” Tern from the southern Caribbean or South America. This taxon is poorly known, and its taxonomic status is uncertain. The bill was largely yellow distally, but exhibited a subtle orange tone at its base. The legs were entirely black, unlike many “Cayenne” Terns, which often show orange or blotched, black Twenty-second Report— FOS Records Committee 169 and orange legs. Body size was similar to Sandwich Terns standing near it in photographs. Because the report came in just before the meeting, the committee was unprepared to evaluate the report without due consideration of the literature, so the report was tabled. Tricolored Muma, Lonchura malacca FOSRC 2010-820. A single individual of this species was discovered at Fort Jefferson, Dry Tortugas National Park, Monroe County, on an unspecified date in April 2003. It was later found dead, and the carcass was photographed but not preserved. The report was not submitted until October 2010. As happened in an earlier report of another Tricolored Munia seen at the same location in 2009 (Kratter 2012), the issue was how to distinguish free-flying, natural vagrants from established populations in Cuba from wandering individuals escaped from captivity in the cage bird mecca of south Florida. Those members favoring the former view felt that the isolated location of the Dry Tortugas from the rest of Florida, but near an established source in Cuba, made natural vagrancy more likely. Dissenters argued that provenance could not be determined with enough certainty. The current report remained unresolved. This report constituted the third known occurrence of Tri colored Munia at Fort Jefferson (1999, 2003, 2009). If other records of the species continue to come from the Dry Tortugas, and none from the immediate Miami area, as is presently the case, then the weight of a developing pattern may shift the viewpoint in favor of natural vagrancy in the future. Acknowledgments The records committee greatly appreciates the initiative and help provided by Carlos Sanchez, who organized a census of representative areas of Greater Miami to evaluate distribution and relative numbers of free-flying, exotic bird species in the city and its suburbs in the months preceding our status review. I am grateful to Michael Brothers, John Murphy, and Bill Pranty for reviewing the manuscript. Literature Cited AOU [American Ornithologists’ Union]. 1998. Check-list of North .American Birds, 7th ed. American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington, D.C. AOU [American Ornithologists’ Union]. 1997. Forty-first supplement to the American Ornithologists5 Union Check-list of North American birds. Auk 114:542-552. Anderson, B. H.» and J. L Baker. 1994. Tenth report of the Florida Ornithological Society Records Committee: 1992. Florida Field Naturalist 22:17-23. Beaton, G., P. W. Sykes, Jr., and J. W. Parrish, Jr. 2003. Annotated Checklist of Georgia Birds, 5th ed. Occasional Publication No. 14, Georgia Ornithological Society. Bowman, R., and J. S. Greenlaw. 2006. Fifteenth report of the Florida Ornithological Society Records Committee; 2003-2005. Florida Field Naturalist 34:69-102. Carletom, A. E , and O. T. Owre. 1975. The Red-whiskered Bulbul in Florida. Auk 02:40- 57. Cruickshank, A. D. 1980. The Birds of Brevard County, Florida. Florida Press, Inc. Or- lando, Florida. FWC [Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission]. 2003. Florida’s Breeding Bird Atlas: A Collaborative Study of Florida’s Birdlife. . Greenlaw, J. S., B. Pranty, and R. Bowman. 2014. The Robertson and Woolfenden Florida Bird Species: An Annotated List. Special Publication No. 8, Florida Ornithological Society, Gainesville. 170 FLORIDA FIELD NATURALIST Hardin, S., E. Donlan, M. Wards, and D. Eggeman. 2011. Attempted eradication of Por- phyria porphyria Linnaeus in the Florida Everglades. Management of Biological In- vasions 2:47-55. Howell, S. N. G., and S. Webb. 1995. A Guide to the Birds of Mexico and Northern Cen- tral America. Oxford University Press, New York, New York. Hutt, A. 1967. New ducks for Florida. Florida Wildlife 21:14-17. Kratter, A. W. 2010. Nineteenth report of the Florida Ornithological Society Records Committee: 2009. Florida Field Naturalist 38:150-174. Kratter, A. W. 2012. Twentieth report of the Florida Ornithological Society Records Committee: 2010. Florida Field Naturalist 40:13-26. Kratter, A. W., T. Webber, T. Taylor, and D. W. Steadman. 2002. New Specimen-based Records of Florida Birds. Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History 43:111- 161. Kwater, E. 2001. First record of Elegant Tern in Florida. Florida Field Naturalist 29:90- 94. LeGrand, H. E., Jr., J. Southern, and R. Hall. 2012. Southern Atlantic regional report. North American Birds 66:256-261. McNair, D. B. 2000. First certain record of California Gull ( Larus californicus ) in Flori- da. Florida Field Naturalist 28:22-24. Olson, S. 1978. Greater Ani ( Crotophaga major ) in Mexico. Auk 95:766-767. Paul, R. T., A. F. Paul, B. Pranty, A. B. Hodgson, and D. J. Powell. 2003. Probable hy- bridization between Elegant Tern and Sandwich Tern in west-central Florida. North American Birds 57:280-282. Pranty, B. 2000. The fall migration: Florida region. North American Birds 54:43-46. Pranty, B. 2001. The Budgerigar in Florida: rise and fall of an exotic psittacid. North American Birds 55;389-397. Pranty, B. 2002. The use of Christmas Bird Count data to monitor populations of exotic birds. American Birds [54]:24-28. Pranty, B. 2004a. Florida’s exotic avifauna: A preliminary checklist. Birding 36:362-372. Pranty, B. 2004b. The spring migration: Florida Region. North American Birds 58:358- 360. Pranty, B. 2010. Status and current range of Red-whiskered Bulbuls ( Pycnonotus joco- sus) in Florida. Florida Field Naturalist 38:146-149. Pranty, B. 2012. Population growth, spread, and persistence of Purple Swamphens ( Por- phyria porphyrio ) in Florida. Florida Field Naturalist 40:1-12. Pranty, B. 2013. Introducing the Purple Swamphen: management, taxonomy, and natu- ral history. Birding 3:38-45. Pranty, B., and K. L. Garrett. 2003. The parrot fauna of the ABA Area: a current outlook. Birding 35:248-261. Pranty, B., and A. Nelson. 2010. First breeding record of the Bronzed Cowbird ( Molo - thrus aeneus ) in Florida. Florida Field Naturalist 40:1-12. Pranty, B., and H. Voren. 2003. Variation and possible hybridization of Brotogeris para- keets. Birding 35:262-266. Pyle, P. 2008. Identification Guide to North American Birds. Part II. Anatidae to Alci- dae. Slate Creek Press, Point Reyes Station, California. Robertson, W. B., Jr., and G. E. Woolfenden. 1992. Florida Bird Species: An Annotated List. Special Publication No. 6, Florida Ornithological Society, Gainesville. Sandoval, L., C. Sanchez, E. Biamonte, J. R. Zook, J. E. Sanchez, D. Martinez, D. Loth, and J. O’Donahoe. 2010. Recent records of new and rare bird species in Costa Rica. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists’ Club 130:237-245. Schneider, T. M., G. Beaton, T. S. Keyes, and N. A. Klaus (Eds.). 2010. The Breeding Bird Atlas of Georgia. University of Georgia Press, Athens. Twenty-second Report — FOS Records Committee 171 Shock, D. T., and S. N. G. Howell. 2013. Occurrence and identification of vagrant “or- ange-billed terns” in eastern North America. North American Birds 67:188-209. Smith, P. W., D. S. Evered, L. R. Messick, and M. C. Wheeler. 1990. First verifiable record of the Thick-billed Vireo from the United States. American Birds 44:372-376. Smith, P. W., and S. A. Smith. 1993. An exotic dilemma for birders: the Canary- winged Parakeet. Birding 25:426-430. Smith, R. 2011. A Birder’s Guide to Pinellas County (Florida). St. Petersburg Audubon Society and Clearwater Audubon Society, Clearwater. Stevenson, H. M., and B. H. Anderson. 1994. The Birdlife of Florida. University Press of Florida, Gainesville. Woolfenden, G. E., and J. S. Greenlaw. 2005. Specimen evidence for the occurrence of both Gray-cheeked and BicknelFs thrushes in Florida. Florida Field Naturalist 33:93- 101. Florida Field Naturalist 42(4): 172-184, 2014. FIELD OBSERVATIONS Spring Report: March-May 2014. — This report consists of significant bird observations compiled by the Field Observations Committee (FOC). Electronic submissions to the FOC should be in the following format: species, number of individuals, age and sex of the bird(s), color morph if applicable, location (including county), date, observer(s), and significance. Seasons are winter (December-February), spring (March- May), summer (June-July), and fall (August-November). Submit observations to regional compilers within two weeks after the close of each season, or to the state compiler within one month. Addresses of the compilers follow this report. Sight-only observations are considered “reports” while only those observations supported by verifiable evidence (photographs, video or audio recordings, or specimens) are called “records.” Species for which documentation is required by the FOC and by the FOS Records Committee (FOSRC; ) are marked here with an asterisk (*). A county designation (in italics) accompanies the first- time listing of each site in this report. Abbreviations in this report are: AFB = Air Force Base, AFR = Air Force Range, EOS = end of season, NERR = National Estuarine Research Reserve, NF = National Forest, nm = nautical miles, NP = National Park, NSRA = North Shore Restoration Area, NWR = National Wildlife Refuge, SF = State Forest, SP = State Park, STA = Stormwater Treatment Area, STF = sewage treatment facility, WMA = Wildlife Management Area, and N, S, E, W etc., for compass directions. Bold-faced entries denote birds newly reported or verified in Florida, or record numbers. Photographs or video- or audio-recordings archived by the FOC are identified by a plus (+). Summary of the Spring Season There were no significant weather events this season, although a large fallout of Neotropic migrants was noted at Cedar Key 16-17 April. Along the Gulf coast, a large movement of Lincoln’s Sparrows was noted in late April including six at Seahorse Key. A record high count of 147 American Flamingos — unprecedented in 100 years if wild birds — was observed at STA-2 in Palm Beach County. Six Bahama Mockingbirds were found in southern Florida including the second Gulf coast record at Leffis Key. Other FOSRC rarities include: White-cheeked Pintail at Pelican Island NWR, breeding Neotropic Cormorants in Palm Beach County, Bar-tailed Godwit in Pinellas County, California Gulls at Daytona Beach Shores and Fort Pickens, a South Polar Skua at Deerfield Beach, Calliope Hummingbird at High Springs, four Cassin’s Kingbirds in the peninsula, a male MacGillivray’s Warbler at Riverbend Park, and a male Bullock’s Oriole at Gainesville. Finally, we thank John Boyd for his fifteen years of service as regional compiler for southeastern Florida. Species Accounts Black-bellied Whistling-Duck: 338 at Lake Apopka NSRA (Orange) 4 Mar (R. Stalnaker); 1 at Taminco Sanctuary ( Santa Rosa ) 31 Mar & 26 May (L. Kelly, B. Furlow); 4 in Okaloosa 8 Apr (+W. Greene); 400 at Timucaun Preserve {Duval) 20 Apr (K. Dailey); 44 in Jefferson 18 May (M. Smith, L. Most); 7 at Frog Pond WMA ( Miami-Dade ) 18 May (B. Boeringer); 1 at Florida Botanical Gardens ( Pinellas ) 24 May (+E. & S. Tess). 172 Field Observations 173 Fulvous Whistling-Duck: 67 at Lake Apopka MSRA 12 Mar (H Robinson); 5 at Gulf City Road (. Hillsborough ) 18 Mar (+C, Cox); 8 at M & M Dairy (Duval) 21-25 May (J. Knoll, +L. Royee). Greater White-fronted Goose: 1 at the Okaloosa STF ( Okaloosa ) 15-23 Mar (M. Swan). Canada Goose: 5 at Tierra Verde ( Pinellas ) 24 Apr (B Gale) & 1 there 21 May (R. Newell); 10 northbound in flight at Fort De Soto Park (Pinellas) 28 May (ill Libbe). Egyptian Goose: 2 at Lake Bonnet, Avon Park (Highlands) 17 Apr (M. McMillan). Ringed Teal: 2 at “Dump Marsh” (. Miami-Dade ) 3 Mar (P. Cunningham, +R. Schofield). Wood Duck: 1 pair fledged 4 young at Ttopical Park ( Miami-Dade ) 26 May (+D. Molfetto et aL). Gad wall: 1 at Lake Apopka MSRA 23 Apr (H. Robinson); 1 male at Spring Hill (Her- nando) 27 Apr (A. & B. Hansen). Eurasian Wigeon: 1 male at Cape Coral (Lee) all season (C. Ewell et al.) presumed to be of captive origin; 1 male at Merritt Island MWR (Brevard) 3-7 Mar (P. Mansfield et al.). American Wigeon: 1 at Paynes Prairie Preserve SP (Alachua) to 11 May (M. Manetz, R. Rowan). Blue-winged Teal: 540 at Lake Apopka NSRA 23 Mar (H. Robinson). Cinnamon Teal: 1 male at STA-5 ( Hendry ) to 22 Mar (C. Sanchez et al.); 1 male at Merritt Island NWS 3 Mar (P. Mansfield et al.). Northern Shoveler: 65 at The Villages (Marion) 1 Apr (J. Binsmore). ^White-cheeked Pintail: 1 at Pelican Island NWR (Indian River) 12 Mar (+A. Whitlock et al.). Green-winged Teal: 1 male 16 km west ofYeehaw Junction ( Osceola ) 21 May (E. Kwater). Canvasback: 1 at Paynes Prairie Preserve SP 14-22 Mar (M. O’Sullivan, L. Davis et al.). Redhead: 16 at Gulf Harbors, New Port Richey (Pasco) all season (D. Gagne et al.); 2 at Tierra Verde to 23 May (E. Plage). Ring-necked Duck: 1 at Huguenot Memorial Park (Duval) 11 May (K. Dailey); 1 at Pinel- las Park (Pinellas) 29 May-EOS (+W. Meehan). Greater Scaup: 3 at Honeymoon Island SP ( Pinellas ) 15 Mar (E. Kwater); 1 at West Lake, Everglades NP ( Miami-Dade ) 24 Mar (fide B. Rapoza); 1 female at Harbor Isles (Pinellas') 3-29 May (+J. Clayton); as many as 2 females at Gulf Harbors 22 Apr-EGS (+D. Gagne et al.). Common Eider: 1 first-cycle male at Boynton Inlet (Palm Beach ) all season (C. Weber et al.); 1 at Causeway Islands Park (Lee) to 8 Apr (fide C. Ewell); 1 at Huguenot Memo- rial Park 15-18 May (+T. Rohtsalu); 1 at Jetty Park ( Brevard ) to 24 May (+M. Harris et al.). Surf Scoter: 10 at Salt Run (St. Johns) to 2 Mar (D. Doyle); 3 at Ponce de Leon Inlet 17 May (M. Brothers); 1 female at Lake Worth Lagoon ( Palm Beach) 27 May (+S. McKemy), White-winged Scoter: 4 at Alligator Point (Franklin) all season (J. Murphy); 18 at Salt Run to 10 Mar (D. Doyle); 5 at Gulf Breeze (Santa Rosa) 15-18 Mar (B. Duncan); 4 at Seahorse Key (Levy) 4 Apr (A. Kratter). Black Scoter: 22 at Parrish Park (Brevard) all season (P. Mansfield, A. Whitlock et al.); 26 at Sanibel Island (Lee) to 8 Mar (fide C. Ewell); 110 at Porpoise Point (St. Johns) 14 Mar (D. Doyle); 2 at Lake Santa Fe (Alachua,) 26 Mar (+A. Kent, R. Butryn); as many as 5 at Fort De Soto Park 19 Mar- 13 Apr (+R. Smith et al.); 4 at Huguenot Memorial Park 26 Apr-EOS (K. Dailey); 1 at Caladesi Island SP (Pinellas) 5-9 May (+T. Young). Long-tailed Duck: 1 at Salt Run to 2 Mar (D. Doyle); 1 at Parrish Park to 26 Mar (J. Dinsmore et al.); 1 at Hillsborough Bay (. Hillsborough ) 26 Apr (+C. Cassels). Bufflehead: 9 at William B. Dunn STF ( Pinellas ) 1 Mar (J. Wells) & 1 there 16 Apr (S. & T. Aversa); 2 at Honeymoon Island SP 29 Mar (D. Gagne). Red-breasted Merganser: 116 at St. George Island SP (Franklin) 16 Mar (R. & L Cas- sidy); 5 at Lake Apopka NSRA 18 Apr (H. Robinson). 174 FLORIDA FIELD NATURALIST Ruddy Duck: 1 male at The Villages ( Sumter ) 20-24 April (L. Felker); 1 at Dunedin Ham- mock Park (Pinellas) 4 May (J. McGinity). Ring-necked Pheasant: 1 female at Lake Wales Ridge SF (Polk) 27 Apr (C. Fredricks, +W. Jones et al.). Red-throated Loon: 1 at Destin (Okaloosa) 2 Mar (M. Swan). Pacific Loon: 1 at Lake Santa Fe to 27 Mar (J. Hintermister, P. Laipis, R. Rowan); singles at Fort Pickens (Escambia) 1 Mar (A. Wraithmell et al.) & 16 Apr (M. Rose et ah). Common Loon: 4 at Ocean Pond, Osceola NF (Baker) 1 May (B. Richter); 1 at Ponce de Leon Inlet 18 May (M. Brothers et al.); 1 at Robert K. Rees Park, New Port Richey (Pasco) 25 May (D. Gagne et al.). Horned Grebe: 1 at Lake Apopka NSRA 16 Mar (H. Robinson); 1 at Bayport Park (Her- nando) 24 May (+A. & B. Hansen); 1 at Robert K. Rees Park 25 May (D. Gagne et al.). American Flamingo: 147 adults at STA-2 (Palm Beach) 29 Apr (+C. Boykin). Black-capped Petrel: 16 off Ponce de Leon Inlet 18 May (M. Brothers et al.). Cory’s Shearwater: 1 off Ponce de Leon Inlet 18 May (M. Brothers et al.); 1 off Miami Beach (Miami-Dade) 31 May (R. Torres). Sooty Shearwater: 1 off Ponce de Leon Inlet 18 May (M. Brothers, +J. Mays et al.); 1 at St. Augustine Beach (St. Johns) 20 May (G. Davis); 1 at Ponce de Leon Inlet 21 May (M. Brothers); 1 at Playalinda Beach, Canaveral NS (Brevard) 22 May (+M. Harris); 1 at Flagler Beach (Flagler) 25 May (R. Tressler); 1 at Little Talbot Island SP (Duval) 27 May (R. Becker). Audubon’s Shearwater: 1 off Ponce de Leon Inlet 18 May (M. Brothers et al.); 4 off Miami Beach 31 May (R. Torres). Wilson’s Storm-Petrel: as many as 30 off Ponce de Leon Inlet 18 May (M. Brothers et al.). Band-rumped Storm-Petrel: 1 off Ponce de Leon Inlet 18 May (M. Brothers et al.); 1 off Miami Beach 31 May (R. Torres). Magnificent Frigatebird: 1 at Fort Clinch SP (Nassau) 7 May (S. Ewing); 1 at Indian Pass (Gulf) 10 May (S. Cerulean); 1 at Washington Oaks Gardens SP (Flagler) 22 May (G. Williams). Masked Booby: as many as 110 at Hospital Key, Dry Tortugas NP (Monroe) all season (D. Goodwin et al.). Brown Booby: 1 at Hillsborough Bay 13 Apr (T. Rogers); 47 at Dry Tortugas NP 17 Apr (D. Goodwin et al.); 32 off Miami Beach 31 May (R. Torres). *Neotropic Cormorant: 1 at Wakodahatchee Wetlands (Palm Beach) all season (C. Cimi- no et al.); 1 at Peaceful Waters Sanctuary (Palm Beach) 16 May (+M. Gomes). American White Pelican: 275 at St. Marks NWR (Wakulla) 11 Mar (R. & L. Cassidy); 150 at Valhalla Pond, Brandon (Hillsborough) 28-30 Mar (E. Kwater); 1,000 at Lake Hancock (Polk) 10 May (D. Estabrooks). Brown Pelican: 2 at Eustis (Lake) 30 May (L. Connor). Reddish Egret: 1 at Seahorse Key 5 May was seen carrying nesting material (P. Fred- erick). White Ibis: 422 at Tallahassee (Leon) 7 Apr (R. & L. Cassidy, J. Eck). Glossy Ibis: 22 at M & M Dairy 8 Apr (D. Foster). White-faced Ibis: 1 at Paynes Prairie Preserve SP to 30 Mar (A. Zions, L. Davis); 11 at St. Marks NWR 11 Mar (R. & L. Cassidy); 2 at Alligator Lake Park (Columbia) 19 Mar (B. Bergstrom, M. Smith); 1 at Lake Apopka NSRA 26 Mar (H. Robinson); 1 at Audubon Park, Winter Springs (Orange) 4-5 Apr (+ G. Williams); 1 NE of Taylor Creek CA (Okeechobee) 4 May (D. Simpson); 1 at Lake Woodruff NWR (Volusia) 23 May (R. Tressler). Roseate Spoonbill: 6 young fledged and were banded at Alligator Farm (St. Johns) in Apr (fide M. Wilson). Osprey: 19 nests at Fort De Soto Park where one pair fledged four young (+K. Finnerty). Field Observations 175 Swallow-tailed Kite: 1 pair nested at Sawgrass Lake Park ( Pinellas ) for the second con- secutive year and fledged one young (fide S. Tavaglione); 46 at Lake Apopka NSRA 25 May (H. Robinson). White-tailed Kite: 3 pairs nested at Kissimmee Prairie Preserve SP ( Okeechobee ) 14 Apr- 13 May (P. Miller). Snail Kite: 1 at Siesta Key Beach ( Sarasota ) 21 May (+fide V. Ponzo) was taken to a rehab center; 24 at STA-5, 10 May (M. England et al.); 1 at “Road to Nowhere” (Dixie) 26 May (+J. Padilla-Lopez et al.) provided the first Dixie record. Mississippi Kite: 1 at Gainesville (Alachua) 10 Apr (S. Ewing); 1 at Sawgrass Lake Park 19 Apr-1 May (T. Ford, +S. Tavaglione); as many as 2 at James Grey Preserve (Pasco) 2-4 May (D. Gagne et al.); 1 at Clearwater (Pinellas) 5 May (T. Kalbach); 15 in north Jefferson 18 May (M. Smith, L. Most); 2 at Ormond Beach (Volusia) 21-28 May (S. Petruniak, +M. Brothers). Broad-winged Hawk: 1 at Fort De Soto Park 11 Mar (E. Plage); 1 at Riverview (Hills bor- ough) 12 Mar (R. Webb); 1 at Boyd Hill Nature Preserve (Pinellas) 19 Mar & 3 there 1 Apr (J. Clayton, S. Tavaglione); 1 at Hastings (St. Johns) 3 Apr (C. Hooker); 1 at Chiefland (Levy) 12 Apr (T. Rodriguez); 1 at Ormond Beach 24 Apr (M. Brothers). Short-tailed Hawk: 1 dark morph at Lake Lotus CP (Seminole) 16 Mar (T. Rodriguez); 1 dark morph at John S. Taylor Park (Pinellas) 28 Mar-7 May (T. Aversa, +S. Tava- glione); 1 at Gainesville 29 Mar (M. Manetz); 1 at Hastings 3 Apr (C. Hooker); 1 light morph at J. N. “Ding” Darling NWR (Lee) 5 Apr (D. & L. Stokes); 1 dark morph at Lettuce Lake Park (Hillsborough) 13 Apr (D. & P. DeNeve); 2 at Holiday 22 Apr (D. Gagne); 1 dark morph at Ormond Beach 24 Apr (M. Brothers); 1 light morph caught a Boat-tailed Grackle at Gulf Harbors 12 May (D. Gagne et al.); 1 at Paynes Prairie Preserve SP 6-11 May (I. Rodriguez, J. Hintermister et al.); 1 light morph at Spring Creek Unit, Big Bend WMA (Taylor) 26 May (C. Fisher, +B. Pranty et al.). Swainson’s Hawk: 2 at Okaloosa STF (Okaloosa) to 22 Mar (M. Swan, B. & L. Duncan); 1 light morph at Hastings 23 Mar (C. Hooker); 1 light morph at Bartram Farms (St. Johns) 25 Mar (D. Reed). Black Rail: as many as 3 in west Pasco all season (D. Gagne et al.) Sora: 1 at Boca Ciega Millennium Park (Pinellas) 12 May (C. Gjervold). Purple Swamphen: 60 at STA-1E (Palm Beach) 16 Mar (S. McKemy et al.); 5 at Green Cay Wetlands (Palm Beach) 19 Mar (+J. & V. Greenlaw). Purple Gallinule: 2 at John S. Taylor Park 7 Apr (T. Aversa); 27 at Lake Apopka NSRA 25 Apr (H. Robinson). Limpkin: 3 at Westside Industrial Park (Duval) 23 Mar (C. Wainwright); 1 at Lehigh Trail (Flagler) 29 Mar (S. Turner). Gray Crowned-Crane: 1 at Orange Lake (Alachua / Marion) all season (+T. Bean). Sandhill Crane: 3 (2 adults, one chick) at Westside (Duval) 8 Mar (+C. Wainwright) pro- vided the second Duval breeding record. Whooping Crane: 1 at Paynes Prairie Preserve SP 13 Mar (S. Wade). American Golden-Plover: 1 at Ponce de Leon Inlet 19 Mar (+M. Brothers et al.); 1 at Old St. George Island Causeway (Franklin) 26 Mar (J. Murphy). Snowy Plover: 15 nest attempts (8 initial and 7 re-nests) produced up to 18 chicks at Fort Myers Beach (Lee) to 26 Mar (P. Jarrett, K. Laakkonen). Semipalmated Plover: 11 at District Line Road (Polk) 4 May (D. Estabrooks). American Oystercatcher: 1 at Fort Pickens 23 Mar (L. Goodman). Black-necked Stilt: 45 at Lake Apopka NSRA 12 Mar (H. Robinson); 60 at Viera Wet- lands (Brevard) 25 Mar (C. Cimino); 125 at District Line Road 4 May (D. Estabrooks). American Avocet: 12 at North Anclote Key (Pasco) 22 Mar (+B. Pranty); 33 at Fort De Soto Park 23 Mar (G. Williams); 8 at Lanark Reef (Franklin) 25 Apr (J. Murphy); 27 at District Line Road (Polk) 26 Apr (D. Estabrooks); 26 at STA-5, 26 Apr (M. England et al.). 176 FLORIDA FIELD NATURALIST Spotted Sandpiper: 1 at Brooker Creek Preserve ( Pinellas ) 25 May (+E Plage, R Plage). Solitary Sandpiper: 3 at Brooker Creek Preserve to 29 Mar (T. Mast, E. Plage); 5 at Holi- day 18 Apr (D. Gagne, B. Pranty et al.); 15 at Old Keystone Road ( Pinellas ) 18 Apr (T. Mast); 30 at Fort De Soto Park 3 May (T. Young et al.). Willet: 1 nest with 2 eggs at Opal Beach ( Escambia ) 28 May (L. Duncan). Lesser Yellowlegs: 19 at Fort De Soto Park 18 Mar (E. Plage); 57 at Lake Apopka NSRA 5 May (H. Robinson). Upland Sandpiper: 1 at West Farms Road ( DeSoto ) 2 Apr (D. Goodwin, E. Haney); 1 at J. N. “Ding” Darling NWR 14 Apr (+R. Oswald); 1 at Bald Point SP ( Franklin ) 20 Apr ( J. Murphy); 1 at Lake Wales Ridge SF 27 Apr (C. Fredricks, W. Jones et al.); 1 at Lover’s Key SP {Lee) 5-7 May (+K. Laakkonen). Whimbrel: as many as 2 at Fort De Soto Park 31 Mar-26 May (R. Smith et al.); 2 at mouth of Apalachicola River ( Franklin ) 19 Apr (S. Cerulean); 1 at Cockroach Bay Pre- serve {Hillsborough) 27 Apr (C. Fisher); 11 at “Road to Nowhere” 26 May (B. Ahern, C. Fisher et al.). Long-billed Curlew: 1 adult male at Bunche Beach Preserve {Lee) all season for the 11th year (C. Ewell et al.); 1 at Fort De Soto Park to 8 Apr (fide R. Smith). Hudsonian Godwit: 1 at Okaloosa STF 30 Apr (M. Swan et al.). *Bar-tailed Godwit: 1 European lapponica at Fred Howard Park {Pinellas) north to An- clote Key to 18 Apr (+B. Pranty et al.). Marbled Godwit: 108 at Fort De Soto Park 6 Mar (R. Smith, E. Plage). Ruddy Turnstone: 2 at District Line Road 4 May (D. Estabrooks); 1 over the Gulf Stream 52 nm off Ponce de Leon Inlet 18 May (M. Brothers et al.). Red Knot: 88 at Carrabelle Beach {Franklin) 4 May (R. & L. Cassidy). Semipalmated Sandpiper: 1 at Dunedin Causeway {Pinellas) 8 Apr (D. Gagne); 1,100 at Okaloosa STF 11 May (M. Swan); 540 at Shell Key Preserve {Pinellas) 18 May (+R. Smith). White-rumped Sandpiper: 1 at Celery Fields {Sarasota) 22 Apr (J. Dubi); 1 at Fort De Soto Park 4 May (+E. Plage, P. Plage) & 3 there 16-18 May (fide R. Smith); 1 at Viera Wetlands 4-9 May (G. Williams); as many as 3 at Brookridge STF {Hernando) 6-8 May (M. Gardler); 4 at Ponce de Leon Inlet 16 May (M. Brothers et al.); 1 at Matheson Hammock Park {Miami-Dade) 17 May (C. Sanchez); 2 at Cayo Costa SP {Lee) 17 May (C. Ewell); 10 at Alligator Point 21 May (J. Murphy). Pectoral Sandpiper: as many as 3 at Fort De Soto Park 17-19 Mar (+E. Plage); 1 at Viera Wetlands 4 May (G. Williams). Purple Sandpiper: as many as 3 at Ponce de Leon Inlet (Volusia) to 18 May (M. Brothers); 1 at Huguenot Memorial Park 2 Mar (A. Zions). Stilt Sandpiper: 14 at Fort De Soto Park 17 Mar (+E. Plage); 200 at Merritt Island NWR {Brevard) 24 Mar (C. Cimino); 600 at Viera Wetlands 3-4 May (A. Whitlock, P. Mans- field et al.); 10 at Brookridge STF 7 May (A. & B. Hansen). Ruff: 1 female at Merritt Island NWR 29 May-EOS (+T. Dunkerton). Long-billed Dowitcher: 120 at District Line Road 26 Apr (D. Estabrooks); 130 at Orlando Wetlands {Orange) Park 28 Apr (J. Leavens). Wilson’s Snipe: 1 at The Villages {Sumter) 24 Apr (J. Dinsmore); 1 at Honeymoon Island SP 26 Apr (E. Kwater). American Woodcock: 1 at Kingsley Plantation {Duval) 11 Mar (K. Dailey). Wilson’s Phalarope: as many as 2 at Viera Wetlands 3-9 May (A. Whitlock, P. Mansfield et al.); 1 at Brookridge STF 6-8 May (M. Gardler). Bonaparte’s Gull: 1 at Newnans Lake {Alachua) 19 Apr (+fide R. Rowan); 1 at Lake Apopka NSRA 25 Apr (H. Robinson). Franklin’s Gull: 1 first-cycle at Fort De Soto Park to 9 Apr (+S. Daughtrey et al.). Field Observations 177 California Gull: 1 first-cycle & 1 adult at Daytona Beach Shores (Volusia) to 18 Mar (+M. Brothers); 1 adult at Fort Pickens 16 Mar (B. & +L. Duncan; photos to FOSRC) provided the first Escambia record. Herring Gull: 1 Vega adult at Daytona Beach Shores 10-11 Mar (M. Brothers; details to FOSRC). Iceland Gull: as many as 2 at Daytona Beach Shores to 9 Apr (M. Brothers, +B, Pranty et ah); 1 first-cycle at Fort Pickens 16 Mar (B. & L. Duncan, +M. Swan); as many as 2 first-cycles at Huguenot Memorial Park 18 Mar-EOS (B. Richter, K. Dailey). Lesser Black-backed Gull: as many as 4 at Fort Pickens 11-21 Mar (B. & +L. Duncan et al.); 1 adult at Fort Island Beach ( Citrus ) 20 Mar (+T. Riggs et ah); 2 at Fort De Soto Park 13 Apr (D. Gagne et al.); 1 at Alligator Point 10 May (+J. Murphy). Glaucous Gull: 1 first-cycle at Homestead Landfill ( Miami-Dade ) to 2 Mar (A. Harper); I at Daytona Beach Shores to 3 Apr (M. Brothers, +G. Williams et al.); 1 at Pompano Beach ( Broward ) to 19 Apr (J. Hutchison, +T. Center); 1 first-cycle at Fort Pickens 7-29 Mar (B. & +L. Duncan, J. & +B. Callaway et al.); 1 at Huguenot Memorial Park 6 Apr (R. Norton); 1 first-cycle at Ponce De Leon Inlet 21-22 Apr (M. Brothers). Great Black-backed Gull: 1 first-cycle at Fort Pickens 1 Mar (A. Wraithmell et al.) & 1 adult there 16 Mar (J. & +B. Callaway); 1 first-cycle at Gulf Breeze ( Escambia ) 16 Mar (B. & L. Duncan); 1 at Alligator Point 10 May (+J. Murphy). Sooty Tern: 1 at Old St. George Island Causeway 18 Mar (J. Murphy); 2 adults at Three Rooker Island (Pinellas) 23 May (+D. Sauvageau). Bridled Tern: 70 off Miami Beach 31 May (R. Torres). Least Tern: 1 at Ponce de Leon Inlet 19 Mar (+M. Brothers et al.); 44 at Honeymoon Island SP 29 Mar (D. Gagne et al.). Gull-billed Tern: 1 at Weedon Island Preserve (. Pinellas ) 3 May (E. Plage et al.); 9 at District Line Road 4 May (D. Estabrooks). Caspian Tern: 60 at District Line Road 4 May (D. Estabrooks). Black Tern: 2 at Lake Apopka NSRA 11 Apr (H. Robinson). Common Tern: 12 at Fort De Soto Park 17 Mar (+E. Plage). Arctic Tern: as many as 2 at Ponce de Leon Inlet 14-18 May (+M. Brothers et al.); 4 at Jetty Park 16 May (+M. Harris et al.); 1 at Boynton Beach Inlet 15-18 May (+M. Gomes); 1 off Ponce de Leon Inlet 18 May (M. Brothers et al.). Royal Tern: 1 at Paynes Prairie Preserve SP 2 Mar (A. Zions); 3 at Alligator Lake Park II Apr (J. Krummrich). Sandwich Tern: 1 at STA-5, 10 May (M. England et al.). Black Skimmer: 26 inland at Hal Scott Regional Preserve ( Orange ) 16 Mar (R. Stalnaker et al.); 420 at District Line Road 4 May (D. Estabrooks). * South Polar Skua: 1 at Deerfield Beach (Palm Beach) 14 May was taken into a rehab center (+fide Rangel Diaz; photo to FOSRC). Pomarine Jaeger: 6 off St. Petersburg Beach ( Pinellas ) 27 Apr (+E. Plage). White-crowned Pigeon: 1 at J. N. “Ding5' Darling NWR to 23 Mar (+S. Daughtrey et al.); 1 at Hugh Taylor Birch SP ( Broward ) 20 Mar (J. Pesold). Mangrove Cuckoo: 1 at Cockroach Bay Preserve 12 May (B. Ahern). Black-billed Cuckoo: 1 at Cedar Key {Levy) 19 Apr (A. Zions); 1 at Sanibel Lighthouse Park {Lee) 19-21 Apr (+T. McQuade); 1 at Gulf Breeze 23 Apr (B. & L. Duncan); 1 at St. George Island SP {Franklin) 19 Apr (+J. Murphy); 1 at Okaloosa STF 2 May (+M. Swan); 1 at Leffis Key {Manatee) 16 May (J. Ginaven); 1 at Fort De Soto Park 17 May (+J. Padilla-Lopez). Smooth-billed Ani: 1 at Pierce Canal, Lake Okeechobee {Glades) 15 Apr (P. Gray); 1 at Boca Chica Beach {Monroe) 27 Apr (fide B. Rapoza). Burrowing Owl: 2 at West Farms Road 2 Apr (D. Goodwin, E. Haney). Barred Owl: 1 at Boyd Hill Nature Preserve to 25 Apr (S. Tavaglione). 178 FLORIDA FIELD NATURALIST Short-eared Owl: 1 at Frog Pond WMA ( Miami-Dade ) 23 Mar (L. Adams); 1 Antillean race at Kissimmee Prairie Preserve SP 22 May (P. Miller). Lesser Nighthawk: 1 at Fort Pickens 15 Apr (J. Callaway); 1 at Fort De Soto Park 21 Apr (+S. Tavaglione, J. Clayton). Common Nighthawk: 1 at Weedon Island Preserve 3 Apr (C. Gjervold). Eastern Whip-poor-will: 1 at Kelly Park ( Orange ) 2 Mar (T Rodriguez); 2 at Fort De Soto Park 9 Mar (R. Smith); 2 at Kingsley Plantation 11 Mar (K Dailey); 1 at Grand Re- serve {Flagler) 10 Mar (F. Quinn); 2 at Blue Spring SP ( Volusia ) 19 Mar (M. Brothers). Chimney Swift: 310 at a roost at New Port Richey (Pasco) 2 May (K TYacey). Buff-bellied Hummingbird: 1 at Apalachicola (Franklin) 8 Mar (R. & L. Cassidy); 1 at Lake Worth (Palm Beach) 29-30 Apr ( t ilde C. Sanchez). Ruby-throated Hummingbird: 100 at Fort De Soto Park 8 Apr (fide R. Smith). *Calliope Hummingbird: 1 adult male at High Springs (Alachua) to 4 Mar (J. & M. Lynch). Rufous Hummingbird: 1 male at Temple Terrace (Hillsborough) to 17 Mar (B. Ahem). Belted Kingfisher: 1 at North Anclote River Nature Park (Pinellas) 5 May (B. Maley). Red-headed Woodpecker: 1 juvenile at Tierra Verde to 27 Apr (E. Plage); 1 at Key Vista Nature Park (Pasco) 17 Apr (D. Gagne); 5 at Gulf Breeze 23 Apr (B. Duncan); 1 at Everglades City (Collier) 6 May (S. Reece). Hairy Woodpecker: 1 at Jonathan Dickinson SP (Martin) 13 Mar (M. Gomes); 1 at Long- leaf Flatwoods Reserve (Alachua) 22 Mar-9 Apr (F. & I. Goodwin); 1 at IP Wetlands (Escambia) 24 May (J. Callaway). Crested Caracara: 1 at Biscayne Park (Miami-Dade) 25 Apr (J. Wilcox). Merlin: 6 at Honeymoon Island SP 19 Apr (D. Gagne, E. Kwater et aL). Peregrine Falcon: 1 at District Line Road 4 May (D. Estabrooks). Orange-winged Parrot: 48 at Miami Shores (Miami-Dade) 18 Mar (A. Harper). Eastern Wood-Pewee: 4 at Fort De Soto Park 8 Apr (S. Tavaglione). Acadian Flycatcher: 2 at St. George Island SP 15 Apr (J. Murphy). Least Flycatcher: 1 at Lake Apopka NSRA 19 Mar (H. Robinson); 1 at Cedar Key 18 Apr (M. O'Sullivan et aL). Eastern Phoebe: 2 at Fort De Soto Park 2 Apr (E. Plage). SaVs Phoebe: 1 at Four Mile Grade Road (DeSoto) to 15 Mar (R. Harrod). Vermilion Flycatcher: 1 at Paynes Prairie Preserve SP to 15 Mar (fide R. Rowan); 1 at Orlando Wetlands Park to 2 Mar (fide B. Anderson); 1 at Lake Apopka NSRA to 14 Mar (H. Robinson); 1 at Panama City (Bay) 20 Mar (R. McVeigh). Ash-throated Flycatcher: 1 at Lake Apopka NSRA to 2 Apr (H. Robinson); 1 at St. George Island SP 16 Apr (L. Gridley, R. Cassidy) . La Sacra's Flycatcher: 1 at Matheson Hammock Park to 31 Mar (+A. Harper et aL); 1 at Dagny Johnson Key Largo Hammock Botanical SP ( Monroe ) 14 Apr (+A. Whitehead); I at Hugh Taylor Birch SP 19 Apr (+M. Stickel); 1 at Florida Atlantic University (Palm Beach) 2 May (+C. Callaghan). Tropical Kingbird: 1 at STA-5 to 22 Mar (C. Sanchez et aL); 1 observed nest building at St. Armands Key (Sarasota) 24 Apr-EOS (S. Simnett, S. Wilson et aL); 1 at St. Marks NWR (Wakulla) 27 Apr (J. Cavanagh); 1 at St. George Island SP 2 May (G. Davis); 1 at Frog Pond WMA 19 May (M. Davis). *Cassin's Kingbird: 2 at Deer Fence Canal Road (Hendry) to 2 Mar (D. Simpson et aL); 1, II km west of Bunnell (Flagler) to 22 Mar (B Carroll et aL); 1 at Homestead (Miami- Dade) 17 Mar-6 Apr (+L. Manfredi). Western Kingbird: 1 at Providence Road (Brevard) to 3 Mar (P. Marvin et aL); 11 at Sani- bel Island 15 Mar-1 Apr (D. & L. Stokes et aL); 1 at Matheson Hammock Park 24 Mar (C. Sanchez); as many as 38 at Hooper Farm Road ( Orange ) to 14 Apr (B. Stalnaker); 1 at Fort De Soto Park 13 Apr (R. Smith et aL); as many as 16 at Cox Road (Polk) to 16 Apr (W. Jones); 1 at St. Marks NWR 27 Apr (J. Cavanagh); 1 at Fort De Soto Park 4 May (+S. Tavaglione). Field Observations 179 Eastern Kingbird: 1 in Baker 4 Mar (B. Richter); 1 at Fort De Soto Park 11 Mar (+D. Sauvageau); 14 at Sawgrass Lake Park 27 Mar (C. Gjervold); 84 at Eagle Point Park (Pasco) 20 Apr (D. Gagne et aL). Gray Kingbird: 2 at Joe Overstreet Road ( Osceola ) 17 Apr (+J. Stefancic et aL); 1 at Avon Park Air Force Range (Polk) 14 May (G. Schrott); 1 at Cedar Key 17 May (+D. Mickel- son); 1 at Richloam Fish Hatchery 28 May (+B. Pranty, D. Gagne et aL) provided the first Sumter record; 1 at Powerline Road (Hernando l Pasco) 29-30 May (+W. Meehan). Scissor-tailed Flycatcher: 1 at Storch Lane (Pasco) to 19 Mar (B. Pranty et aL); 3 at Sanibel Island 15 Mar-1 Apr (D. & L. Stokes et aL); 1 at Fort De Soto Park 8-9 Apr (+D. Sauvageau et aL); 1 at Sanibel Lighthouse Park 9 Apr (J. Padilla-Lopez); 1 at Flamingo, Everglades NP (Monroe) 13 Apr (B. Bergstrom); singles at Cedar Key 17- 23 Apr (D. Henderson, D. Johnston). Fork-tailed Flycatcher: 1 at Stock Island (Monroe) 22 Apr (+C. Goodrich, M. Gardler). Loggerhead Shrike: 1 at St. George Island SP 8 Mar (R. & L. Cassidy); the species is rare anywhere in Franklin. White-eyed Vireo: 220 at Honeymoon Island SP 13 Mar (J. Wells); 650 in Pinellas 18 Mar including 250 at Fred Howard Park, 200 at Honeymoon Island SP and 100 at Fort De Soto Park (fide R. Smith). Bell’s Vireo: 1 at Markham Park ( Broward ) 7 Apr (D. Mackrell). Yellow-throated Vireo: 14 at Fort De Soto Park 18 Mar (E. Plage). Blue-headed Vireo: 1 at Fred Howard Park 23 Apr (C. Newton et aL). Warbling Vireo: 1 at Bald Point SP 16-20 Apr (+J. Murphy). Black-whiskered Vireo: 1 at Bill Baggs Cape Florida SP (Miami-Dade) 17 Mar (R. Diaz); 1 at Dunedin Hammock Park 9 Apr (+P. Graber, L. Gomez); as many as 2 at Fort De Soto Park 12-20 Apr (fide R. Smith); 1 at Pinecraft Park (Sarasota) 14 Apr (T. Moss- barger et aL); 1 at Garden Key, Dry Tortugas NP 16 Apr (J. Eager); 2 at Lori Wilson Park (Brevard) 4-6 May (+G. Williams). Florida Scrub- Jay: 2 at Palm Coast (Flagler) 24 May (A. Bobbitt). Bank Swallow: 2 at St. Petersburg 19 Mar (J. Clayton); 2 at Boca Ciega Millennium Park 24 May (M. Hughes). Cliff Swallow: 12 pairs nested at Jim Woodruff Dam, Lake Seminole (Gadsden) 26 Apr- EOS (+A. Wraithmell et aL); 1 pair on nest at SR-50 Bridge (Brevard) 4 May (G. Williams). Cave Swallow: 1 at St. Petersburg 7 Mar (M. Burns, +S. Tavaglione); 2 at Honeymoon Island SP 15 Mar (E. Kwater); 1 at Lake Apopka NSRA 26 Mar (H. Robinson); 1 at Hague Dairy (Alachua) 29 Mar (J. Hintermister, P. Laipis); 2 at Gulf Harbors 29 Mar (+P. Graber); 1 at Paynes Prairie Preserve SP 19 Apr (R. Terrill, J. Oswald). Barn Swallow: 500 at St. James Island (Franklin) 19 Apr (S. Cerulean); 660 at Lake Apopka NSRA 21 Apr (H. Robinson). Carolina Chickadee: 1 at Weedon Island Preserve 10 Mar (+S. Tavaglione). Red-breasted Nuthatch: 1 at Gainesville to 28 Mar (S. & J. Zoellner). Marsh Wren: 2 at Lake Apopka NSRA 28 Apr (H. Robinson). Ruby-crowned Kinglet: 1 at Fort De Soto Park 20-23 Apr (G. Quigley et aL); 1 at Fred Howard Park 23 Apr (C. Newton, J. Thornton). Veery: 2 at Pasco Palms Preserve 22 Apr (D. Gagne); 2 Boyd Hill Nature Preserve 5 May (T. Young). Gray-cheeked Thrush: 1 at Gainesville 23-24 Apr (S. Ewing, D. Ewing, M. O’Sullivan). Swainson’s Thrush: 1 at Abercrombie Park 24 May (+M. Hughes). Wood Thrush: 1 at Fred Howard Park 18 Mar (B. Pranty et aL); 6 at Fort De Soto Park 13 Apr (R. Smith, E. Plage); 4 at Pasco Palms Park 20-22 Apr (D. Gagne et al.); 7 at Honeymoon Island SP 24 Apr (D. Gagne, E. Kwater et al.); 14 at Dunedin Hammock Park 24 Apr (D. Sauvageau). American Robin: 1 at Gainesville 27 May (G. Parks). 180 FLORIDA FIELD NATURALIST Gray Catbird: 1 at Robert K. Rees Park 29 May (D. Gagne). Bahama Mockingbird: 1 at R. Hardy Matheson Preserve ( Miami-Dade ) 20 Mar (+R. Diaz); 1 at Fort Zachary Taylor SP {Monroe) 22 Apr-3 May (+G. Ewing); 1 at Bill Baggs Cape Florida SP 27 Apr (T. Allinson); 1 at Indigenous Park ( Monroe ) 1-2 May (+G. Quigley et ah); 1 at Leffis Key 13-20 May (C. Ruttman, +S. Wilson et ah) provided the first Manatee and second Gulf coast record; 1 at Pine Tree Park C Miami-Dade ) 16-21 May (+F. Schena). Common Myna: 1 at Fort De Soto Park 4-6 May (+G. & J. Leavens et ah) provided the third Pinellas record. Cedar Waxwing: 345 at Tallahassee 17 Mar (R. & L. Cassidy). Lapland Longspur: 1 at Garden Key, Dry Tortugas NP 11 Mar (S. Bass); 1 at Virginia Key (. Miami-Dade ) 13 Mar (+R. Diaz). Snow Bunting: 3 at Huguenot Memorial Park 1 Mar (K. Dailey). Ovenbird: 16 at Bill Baggs Cape Florida SP 21 Apr (A. Harper). Worm-eating Warbler: 1 at Pasco Palms Preserve 18 Mar (D. Gagne et ah); 6 at Fort De Soto Park 2 Apr (E. Plage); 7 at Enchanted Forest Park (. Miami-Dade ) 16 Apr (A. Harper); 8 at Ormond Beach 26 Apr (M. Brothers). Louisiana Waterthrush: 1 at Honeymoon Island SP 4 May (E. Kwater). Northern Waterthrush: 17 at Lake Apopka NSRA 13 Apr (H. Robinson); 1 at Tierra Verde 20 May (E. Plage). Golden- winged Warbler: 1 at Cedar Key 16 Apr (R. Rowan et ah); 1 at Fort De Soto Park 16 Apr (P. Mansfield). Blue-winged Warbler: 2 at Fred Howard Park 18 Mar & 21 Apr (T. Mast); 1 at Fort De Soto Park 3 Apr (J. Clayton); 1 at Lori Wilson Park 9 Apr (J. Eager); 6 at North Lido Key ( Sarasota ) 9 Apr (K. Young et ah); 2 at Bonner Park {Pinellas) 12 Apr (R. Harrod, S. Tavaglione); 1 at Pinecraft Park 14 Apr (T. Mossbarger et ah); 1 at Ambercrom- bie Park {Pinellas) 16 Apr (J. Hooks); 1 at James E. Grey Preserve {Pasco) 16 Apr (B. Pranty, L. Gomez); 3 at Cedar Key 16 Apr (R. Rowan et ah); 2 at Pasco Palms Preserve 17 Apr (D. Gagne); 1 at Mead Gardens {Orange) 18 Apr (S. Simmons); 1 at Evergreen Cemetery {Broward) 18 Apr (W. Parker); 1 at Sanibel Lighthouse Park 18- 22 Apr (D. & L. Stokes et ah). Black-and-white Warbler: 46 at Fort De Soto Park 18 Mar (R. Smith) & 1 there 20 May (E. Plage). Swainson’s Warbler: as many as 3 at Fort De Soto Park 29 Mar-2 Apr (R. & L. Smith et ah); 3 at Bill Baggs Cape Florida SP 31 Mar (T. & B. Center); 1 at Seahorse Key 3 Apr (A. Kratter); 1 at Flatwoods Park {Hillsborough) 6 Apr (B. Ahern); 1 at Nocatee Preserve {St. Johns) 7 Apr (G. Davis); 1 at Joe Budd WMA {Gadsden) 11 Apr (T. Ro- driguez); 1 at Cedar Key 16 Apr (R. Rowan et ah); 1 at Lori Wilson Park 22-23 Apr (P. Mansfield et ah); 1 in song at Mule Creek, Rock Bluff {Liberty) 24 Apr (T. Rodriguez); 1 at Bolen Bluff Trail 26 Apr (A. & G. Kent); 1 at Ormond Beach 26 Apr (M. Brothers); 1 at Boca Ciega Millennium Park 28 Apr (C. Gjervold); 1 at Seacrest Scrub Natural Area {Palm Beach) 3 May (J. Shelly); 5 singing males at Hampton Spring Road {Tay- lor) 17-26 May (B. Ahern, +B. Pranty, J. Murphy et ah). Tennessee Warbler: 15 at Seahorse Key 17 Apr (A. Kratter); 11 at Fort De Soto Park 24 Apr (D. Sauvageau). Orange-crowned Warbler: 1 at Key Vista Nature Park 17 Apr (D. Gagne). Nashville Warbler: 1 at A. D. “Doug” Barnes Park {Miami-Dade) 10 Apr (C. Sanchez); 1 at Cedar Key 16 Apr (P. Burns et ah); 1 at Loblolly Woods {Alachua) 19 Apr (M. O’Sullivan, A. Zions et ah); 1 at Lori Wilson Park 21-22 Apr (+D. Hoffman). Connecticut Warbler: 1 at Richardson Park {Broward) 23-24 Apr & 2 there 5 May (D. MacKrell et ah); 1 female at A. D. “Doug” Barnes Park 5-8 May (+C. Sanchez); single males at Boca Ciega Millennium Park 12-13 & 21 May (C. Gjervold, +R. Harrod); 1 male at Fort De Soto Park 13 May (+E. Plage); 1 at Bill Baggs Cape Florida SP 17 Field Observations 181 May (fide B. Rapoza) & 3 females there 21 May (L. Manfredi); 2 at Leffis Key 21 May (J. Ginaven et al.). *MacGillivray’s Warbler: 1 male at Riverbend Park {Palm Beach) to 13 Apr (C. Weber, +C. Callaghan). Kentucky Warbler: 1 at St. George Island SP 30 Mar (J. Cavanagh); 1 at Pinecraft Park I Apr (J. Fisher) and 2 there 14 Apr (T. Mossbarger et al.); 1 at Fort De Soto Park 2 Apr (E. Plage); 1 at Sanibel Lighthouse Park 9 Apr (F. Paulsen); 1 at Joe Budd WMA II Apr (T. Rodriguez); 2 at Dunedin Hammock Park 20 Apr (J. McGinity); 1 at Lake Apopka NSRA 25 Apr (H. Robinson); 1 at James Grey Preserve 2 May (D. Gagne et al.). Common Yellowthroat: 45 at Bill Baggs Cape Florida SP 21 Apr (A. Harper). Hooded Warbler: as many as 100 at Fort De Soto Park 18 & 29 Mar (R. Smith et al.). American Redstart: 15 at Enchanted Forest Park 16 Apr (A. Harper); 30 at Bill Baggs Cape Florida SP 21 Apr (A. Harper); 45 at Seacrest Scrub Natural Area 3 May (J. Shelly); 35 at Robert K. Rees Park 13 May (K. Tracey); 25 at Fort De Soto Park 14 May (S. Tavaglione, J. Clayton). *Kirtland’s Warbler: 1 male at Merritt Island NWR 19 Apr (+T. Dunkerton) provided the second Brevard record. Cape May Warbler: 115 at Bill Baggs Cape Florida SP 21 Apr (A. Harper); 20 at Seacrest Scrub Natural Area 3 May (J. Shelly); 9 at Fred Howard Park 4 May (T. Mast). Cerulean Warbler: 1 male at Fort De Soto Park 8-13 Apr (E. Plage); 1 at Turkey Creek Sanctuary {Brevard) 9 Apr (B. Haddad et al.); 1 male at Pinecraft Park 11-14 Apr (J. Fisher); 1 male at Sanibel Island 13-14 Apr (J. Long et al.); 1 at Cedar Key 16 Apr (D. Henderson et al.); 2 at Tallahassee 20 Apr (E. Schunke); 1 at Gainesville 20 Apr (J. Mays); 1 at Gainesville-Hawthorne Trail {Alachua) 24 Apr (A. Kratter); 1 at Key Vista Park 2 May (D. Gagne et al.). Northern Parula: 30 at Bill Baggs Cape Florida SP 19 Apr (R. Diaz et al.). Magnolia Warbler: 1 at Sawgrass Lake Park 28 Mar-14 Apr (+M. Burns et al.); 1 at Fort De Soto Park 18 May (J. Mangold et al.). Bay-breasted Warbler: 3 at St. George Island SP 15 Apr (J. Murphy); 1 at St. Marks NWR 16 Apr (E. Schunke); 1 at Cedar Key 20 Apr (J. Hintermister et al.); 1 at Hon- eymoon Island SP 24 Apr (D. Gagne, E. Kwater et al.); 1 at North Lido Beach Park 3 May (S. Wilson); 2 at Fort De Soto Park 3-7 May (E. Plage et al.). Blackburnian Warbler: 1 at Paynes Prairie Preserve SP 19 Apr (R. Terrill et al.); 1 at Fort De Soto Park 20-21 Apr (S. Tavaglione et al.). Yellow Warbler: 11 at Fort De Soto Park 16 Apr (R. Smith et al.); 11 at Honeymoon Island SP 19 Apr (D. Gagne, E. Kwater et al.). Chestnut-sided Warbler: 2 at Fort De Soto Park 16-19 Apr (E. Plage); 1 at Cedar Key 16 Apr (B. Carroll, B. Ennis); 1 at James E. Grey Preserve 17 Apr (L. Gomez); 1 at Gulf Breeze 23 Apr (B. & L. Duncan); 1 at Honeymoon Island SP 24 Apr (D. Gagne, E. Kwater et al.). Blackpoll Warbler: 1 at Taminco Sanctuary 7 Apr (L. Kelly); 175 at Bill Baggs SP 21 Apr (A. Harper); 25 at Seacrest Scrub Natural Area 3 May (J. Shelly); 67 at Fred Howard Park 4 May (T. Mast); 27 at Fort De Soto Park 20 May (E. Plage). Black-throated Blue Warbler: 7 at Enchanted Forest Park 16 Apr (A. Harper); 60 at Evergreen Cemetery 20 Apr (J. Hutchison); 45 at Bill Baggs Cape Florida SP 21 Apr (A. Harper); 17 at Fred Howard Park 4 May (T. Mast); 1 at Gainesville 16 May (R. Robinson). Palm Warbler: 1 at San Felasco Hammock SP {Alachua) 16 May (G. Kiltie); 1 at Gulf Harbors 25 May (D. Gagne, +B. Pranty). Y ellovy humped Warbler: 1,270 at Lake Apopka NSRA 2 Mar (H. Robinson); 1 at Honey- moon Island SP 24 Apr (D. Gagne, E. Kwater et al.); 1 at St. George Island SP 15 May (J. Cavanagh, S. Klink). 182 FLORIDA FIELD NATURALIST Prairie Warbler: 12 at Honeymoon Island SP 19 Apr (D. Gagne, E. Kwater et al.); 20 at Bill Baggs Cape Florida SP 19 Apr (R. Diaz et al.). Townsend’s Warbler: 1 male at Fort Pickens 5 Apr (D. Stangeland, +S Chisholm) pro- vided the first Escambia record. Black-throated Green Warbler: 15 at Fort De Soto Park 16 Apr (E. Plage, R. Smith); 2 at Little Talbot Island SP 3 May (I. Rodriguez). Canada Warbler: 1 female at St. George Island SP 30 Apr (G. Davis). Wilson’s Warbler: 1 near Walsingham Park (Pinellas) to 28 Mar (+C. Paonessa); 1 at Auton Road (Pasco) to 6 Apr (D. Gagne et al.). Yellow-breasted Chat: 1 at Cedar Key to 12 Apr (D. Henderson); 1 at Lake Apopka NSRA 12 Mar (H. Robinson); 1 at Matheson Hammock Park 9 Apr (C. Sanchez); as many as 5 singing males at Paynes Prairie Preserve SP 22 Apr-EOS (R. Rowan et al.); as many as 7 singing males at Lake Apopka NSRA 28 Apr-EOS (H. Robinson); 1 at Guana Tolomato Matanzas NERR (St. Johns) 5 May (D. Reed et al.). Western Spindalis: 1 male at Seacrest Scrub Natural Area 3 May (+C. Callaghan). Bachman’s Sparrow: 4 at Durbin Preserve (Duval) 23 Mar (C. Fredricks); 1 at Simmons SF (Nassau) 22 Mar (B. Lloyd); 14 at Apalachicola NF (Leon) 14 Apr (R. Cassidy, L. Cassidy). Clay-colored Sparrow: 1 at Titusville to 8 Apr (D. Bales); 1 east of Belle Glade (Palm Beach) 9 Mar (C. Callaghan, B. Scott); 1 at Fort Clinch SP 31 Mar (J. Knoll); 1 at Hague Dairy 21 Apr (M. Manetz). Field Sparrow: 1 at Lower Green Swamp Preserve (Hillsborough) 9 Mar (E. Kwater); 1 at Crooked Lake Prairie (Polk) 19 Mar (D. Estabrooks). Lark Sparrow: 1 at Auton Road to 6 Apr (D. Gagne et al.). Savannah Sparrow: 2 at Gulf Harbors 4-9 May (B. Pranty et al.); 1 Lake Jessup Conserva- tion Area (Seminole) 19-28 May (+S. Simmons). Grasshopper Sparrow: 6 at Oldsmar (Pinellas) 8 Mar (+R. Smith, T. Kalbach); 1 at Durbin Preserve 23 Mar (C. Fredricks); 1 at Fort De Soto Park 19 Apr (J. Leavens); 1 at Fort Clinch SP 6 May (S. Ewing). “Florida” Grasshopper Sparrow: a seasonal total of only 24 singing males at Kissimmee Prairie Preserve SP (P. Miller). Henslow’s Sparrow: 2 at Tosohatchee WMA (Orange) 16 Mar (E. Horn, J. Flynn). Seaside Sparrow: 25 at “Road to Nowhere” 26 May (C. Fisher, D. Gagne et al.). Lincoln’s Sparrow: 2 at Cedar Key 16 Apr (R. Rowan et al.); 6 at Seahorse Key 18 Apr (A. Kratter); 2 at Honeymoon Island SP 19-24 Apr (D. Gagne, E. Kwater et al.); 1 at Cockroach Bay Preserve 20 Apr (B. Ahern); 1 at Weedon Island Preserve 20 Apr (R. & L. Smith); 1 at Leffis Key 20-22 Apr (S. Simnett). Swamp Sparrow: 3 at Eagle Point Park 5 May (+B. Pranty et al.). White-throated Sparrow: 1 at Merritt Island NWR 4-11 Mar (J. Eager). White-crowned Sparrow: 1 first-cycle gambelii at Fort De Soto Park to 9 Mar (+M. Burns); as many as 7 east of Belle Glade 9 Mar (C. Weber). Scarlet Tanager: 20 at St. George Island SP 15 Apr (J. Cavanagh); 10 at Cedar Key 16 Apr (R. Rowan et al.); 14 at Key Vista Nature Park 20 Apr (D. Gagne et al.); 1 female at Fort De Soto Park 17-20 May (+R. & L. Smith). Western Tanager: 1 at Mandarin (Duval) 9 Mar (C. Wainwright); 1 at High Springs 14- 25Apr(J. &M. Lynch). Rose-breasted Grosbeak: 30 at St. George Island SP 15 Apr (J. Cavanagh); 28 at Key Vista Nature Park 20 Apr (D. Gagne et al.); 40 at Fort De Soto Park 21 Apr (fide R. Smith). Blue Grosbeak: 20 at Cockroach Bay Preserve 20 Apr (B. Ahern). Indigo Bunting: 200 at St. George Island SP 15 Apr (J. Cavanagh); 70 at Cedar Key 16 Apr (R. Rowan et al.); 200 at St. James Island 19 Apr (S. Cerulean); 2 copulated at Brooker Creek Preserve 27 May (+T. Mast). Field Observations 183 Painted Bunting: 1 at Gulf Breeze 22 Mar (A. Crenshaw); 10 at Cedar Key 16 Apr (R. Rowan et aL); 15 at Seahorse Key 17 Apr (A. Kratter); 11 at Honeymoon Island SP 19 Apr (D. Gagne, E. Kwater et aL); 6 at Bill Baggs Cape Florida SP 19 Apr (R. Diaz et aL). Dickcissel: 1 at Fort Myers (Lee) to 30 Mar (V. McGrath, +S. Daughtrey et al.); 1 at Fort De Soto Park 18-22 Apr (+T. Young et al.); 1 at Key Vista Nature Park 20 Apr (D. Gagne et al.); 1 at Holiday 21 Apr (D. Gagne). Bobolink: 32 at Eagle Point Park 20 Apr (D. Gagne et al.); 500 at Celery Fields 27 Apr (K Young). Eastern Meadowlark: 2 at Brooker Creek Preserve 10-27 May (E. Plage, +T. Mast). Yellow-headed Blackbird: 1 at Sem-Chi Rice Mill (Palm Beach ) to 8 Apr (C. Callaghan et al.); 1 at Lake Ashton (Polk) 15 Apr (+A. Delorey); 1 female at Seminole (Pinellas) 19-25 Apr (+A. Nulph); 3 at Pensacola (Escambia) 26 Apr (J. Brady, B. Tetlow, A. & D. Forster). Brewer’s Blackbird: 1 female at Bayport Park (Hernando) to 27 Mar (P. Mansfield et al.). Shiny Cowbird: 2 at Flamingo, Everglades NP 13 Apr-22 May (B. Bergstrom); 1 at Sani- bel Lighthouse Park 16 Apr (+F. Paulsen); 1 at Horseshoe Beach (Dixie) 17 Apr (J. Hintermister); 1 at Cedar Key 25-26 Apr (D. Henderson); 2 at Fort Zachary Taylor SP 26 Apr (+M. Hedden); 1 male at Fort De Soto Park 1-8 May (+T. Ford et al.); 2 at Robert K. Rees Park 10 May (D. Gagne, T. Kalbach); 2 males at Marathon (Monroe) 12 May (+A. Wraithmell); 1 at St. Petersburg 18-21 May (+M. Burns); 2 at Cockroach Bay Preserve 19 May (J. Hintermister); 1 male at Gulf Breeze 21 May (B. & L. Dun- can). Bronzed Cowbird: 1 male at Brandon 24 Mar (C. Cox); 1 at Cutler Wetlands (Miami- Dade) 24 May (S. Perez). Orchard Oriole: 1 at Gainesville 11-13 Mar (T. Hoctor); 9 at Fort De Soto Park 2 Apr (E. Plage); 70 at Cedar Key 16 Apr (R. Rowan et al.); 1 at Leffis Key 19-20 May (D. Gagne et al.). *Bullock’s Oriole: 1 male at Gainesville to 19 Mar (T. Goodman). Baltimore Oriole: 7 at Cedar Key 16 Apr (R. Rowan et al.). Pine Siskin: 1 at Valrico (Hillsborough) to 2 Mar (+S. Backes). American Goldfinch: 1 at Faver Dykes SP (St. Johns) 22 May (G. Williams). Village Weaver: 1 male at Spring Hill (Hernando) 30 Apr-6 May (+B. Mooneyham). Northern Red Bishop: 1 female at Leffis Key 15 May (S. Wilson et al.). Scaly-breasted Munia: 4 at Cutler Wetlands 24 May (S. Perez). Contributors: Lee Adams, Brian Ahern, Tris Allinson, Steve Aversa, Tim Aversa, Steve Backes, Danny Bales, Sonny Bass, Tom Bean, Richard Becker, Ted & Virginia Below; Brad Bergstrom, Tiffany Black, Amber Bobbitt, Bill Boeringer, Chris Boykin, Kevin Brabble, Jim Brady, Michael Brothers, Mark Burns, Pat Burns, Ryan Butryn, Corey Callaghan, Jerry & Brenda Callaway, Bob Carroll, Carol Cassels, Rodney & Lydia Cassidy, Tom Cattell, Jim Cavanagh, Ted & Barbara Center, Susan Cerulean, Sally Chisholm, Carolyn Cimino, JoAnna Clayton, Larry Connor, Cameron Cox, Angela Crenshaw, Patty Cunningham, Kevin Dailey, Susan Daughtrey, Gary Davis, Lloyd Davis, Michelle Davis, Alan Delorey, Doug & Pam DeNeve, Rangel Diaz (spelled out), Robin Diaz, James J. Dinsmore, Diana Doyle, Jeanne Dubi, Bob & Lucy Duncan, Tom Dunkerton, Jim Eager, Julie Eck, Margaret England, Becky Enneis, Daniel Estabrooks, Charlie Ewell, Dean Ewing, Samuel Ewing, Linda B. Felker, Charlie Fisher, Jeff Fisher, Scott Flamand, Jim Flynn, Tony Ford, Ann & Dan Forster, David Foster, Peter Frederick, Cole Fredricks, Bruce Furlow, Dave Gagne, Murray Gardler, John Ginaven, Colin Gjervold, Marcello Gomes, Louise Gomez, Larry Goodman, Ted Goodman, Carl Goodrich, Dave Goodwin, Frank & Irina Goodwin, Pamela Graber, Paul Gray, Jonathan Green, Wendi Greene, Jon & Vi Greenlaw, Larry Gridley, Bill Haddad, Al & Bev Hansen, Bob 184 FLORIDA FIELD NATURALIST Hargrave, Alex Harper, Mitchell Harris, Randy Harrod, Mark Hedden, Dale Henderson, John Hintermister, Tom Hoctor, Dave Hoffman, Chris Hooker, Jeff Hooks, Earl Horn, Paul Hueber, Marie Hughes, John Hutchison, Penny Jarrett, David Johnston, Wally Jones, Tim Kalbach, David Kandz, Les Kelly, Adam & Gina Kent, Grace Kiltie, Sheila Klink, Jason Knoll, Joseph Knoll, Andy Kratter, Jerry Krummrich, Ed Kwater, Keith Laakkonen, Phil Laipis, Gary & Janet Leavens, Brian Lloyd, Jack & Mary Lynch, Don MacKrell, Mike Manetz, Paul Marvin, Larry Manfredi, Lori Mathis, Jonathon Mays, Don Mackrell, Phyllis Mansfield, Jim McGinity, Susan McKemy, Mike McMillian, Tammy McQuade, Robert McVeigh, Wendy Meehan, Deena Mickelson, Paul Miller, Donna Molfetto, Becky Mooneyham, Tina Mossbarger, Linda Most, John Murphy, Brent Nelson, Roger Newell, Chris Newton, Paul Nistico, Robert Norton, Amy Nulph, Stuart Orgaz, Matt O’Sullivan, Jessica Oswald, Roberta Oswald, Jose Padilla-Lopez, Cynthia Paonessa, Warren Parker, Geoff Parks, Ruth Parks, France Paulsen, Stephen Perez, Judd Pesold, Steve Petruniak, Eric Plage, Peter Plage, Valeri Ponzo, Bill Pranty, Bruce Purdy, Gallus Quigley, Frank Quinn, Sue Reece, Diane Reed, Robert Repenning, Bob Richter, Tom Riggs, Harry Robinson, Ron Robinson, Ignacio Rodriguez, Tom Rodriguez, Tommie Rogers, Thomas Rohtsalu, Merilu Rose, Rex Rowan, Leslie Royce, Cavin Ruttman, Danny Sauvageau , Rick Schofield, Gregg Schrott, Elliot Schunke, Frank Schena, Gregg Schrott, Bart Scott, Scott Simmons, Steve Simnett, David Simpson, Marvin Smith, Ron & Lori Smith, Dick Snell, Bob Stalnaker, Daniel Stangeland, Joyce Stefancic, Monte Stickel, Don & Lillian Stokes, Malcolm Swan, Ryan Terrill, Ed & Sue Tess, Betsy Tetlow, John Thornton, Renee Tressler, Sandy Turner, Sidney Wade, Carly Wainwright, Ray Webb, Chuck Weber, Jim Wells, Karl Werner, Alan Whitehead, Audrey Whitlock, Joel Wilcox, Graham Williams, Meret Wilson, Stu Wilson, Andy Wraithmell, Kathryn Young, Travis Young, Adam Zions, Steve & Judy Zoellner. Report prepared by Brian Ahern, state compiler (629 Gail Avenue, Temple Terrace, Florida 33617, ). Regional compilers are Bruce H. Anderson (2917 Scarlet Road, Winter Park, Florida 32792, ), John H. Boyd III (15291 SW 108th Terrace, Miami, Florida 33196, ), Kevin Dailey (6661 Beatrix Street, Jacksonville, Florida 32226, ), Bob and Lucy Duncan (614 Fairpoint Drive, Gulf Breeze, Florida 32561, ), Charlie Ewell (115 SW 51st Terrace, Cape Coral, Florida 33991, ), Bev Hansen (6573 Pine Meadows Drive, Spring Hill, Florida 34606, ), Paul Miller (Kissimmee Prairie Preserve State Park, 33104 NW 192nd Avenue, Okeechobee, Florida 34972, ), John Murphy (766 Alligator Drive, Alligator Point, Florida 32346, ), and Ron Smith (1500 85th Avenue North, St. Petersburg, Florida 33702, ). FLORIDA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY, INC. TREASURER’S REPORT FOR 2013 Account Balances as of 31 December 2013: Account Balance Fidelity Account $173,188.52 PayPal Account $3.02 Total Assets $173,191.54 Fund Balances as of 31 December 2013: Fund Balance General Operating Fund $34,460.33 Special Publications Fund $34,314.13 Cruickshank Fund $43,100.39 Robertson Fund $17,730.17 Endowment Fund $29,426.16 Friends of FFN $505.71 Life Membership Fund $12,493.91 Deferred Items (2013 Dues) $1,160.75 Total Assets $173,191.55 2013 Income and Expenses : Income Amount Expenses Amount Annual Membership Dues $9,200.39 FFN Printing $7,237.37 Life Membership Dues $1,681.80 FFN Color Printing $0.00 Interest/Asset Change in Value $29,360.02 Postage & Shipping $3.84 Page Charges $725.00 Operating Expenses $1,063.34 Meetings 2013 $16,360.05 Meetings 2013 $18,612.97 Special Publication Sales $88.00 Records Committee $869.42 Back Issue Sales $0.00 Cruickshank Award $1,700.00 Operating Income $33.16 Robertson Award $1,014.00 Gifts General Operating Fund $610.00 Space Coast Festival- FOS table $210.00 Gifts Cruickshank Fund $130.00 Special Publication No. 8 $3,986.00 Gifts Robertson Fund $110.00 FOS Brochure $300.00 Gifts Endowment Fund $94.67 Gifts Friends of FFN $830.00 Total $59,223.09 Total $34,996.94 Change in Total Assets: Totals Balance Total Assets 31 December 2012 $148,965.39 Total Income 2013 $59,223.09 Total Expenses 2013 =$34,996.94 Total Assets 31 December 2013 $173,191.54 John M. Murphy, Treasurer, 766 Alligator Drive, Alligator Point, FL 32346 185 Florida Field Naturalist 42(4): 186, 2014. PLANT NAMES IN HODGSON AND PAUL, INLAND SPOONBILLS, FFN 2013 Ann B. Hodgson1 and Ann F. Paul2 Resource Designs Inc., Natural Resource Research & Planning, P. O. Box 311, Brooksville, Florida 34605 2 Florida Coastal Islands Sanctuaries, Audubon Florida, 410 S. Ware Blvd., Suite 702, Tampa, Florida 33619 Our recent article “First record of Roseate Spoonbill ( Platalea ajaja) nesting in Polk County, Florida” (Florida Field Naturalist 41:107-116, 2013) requires changes in the names of certain plants. The third sentence in the section “ Lake Somerset, Lakeland.-” in the description of the Study Area should read: “Colonial waterbirds nest in the trees (live oaks Q uercus virginianus, red maples Acer rubrum, Brazilian pepper, sabal palms Sabal palmetto , and elderberry Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis) growing on the overburden islands in south Lake Somerset (Fig. 1).” 186 BE A FRIEND OF FFN Florida Field Naturalist is the journal of FOS, an important communication vehicle for the Florida scientific and birding community. Increasing costs need to be offset with a combination of member dues and contributions. Please consider a donation of $50, $100, $200 or more to FRIENDS OF FFN. Your gift will allow FFN to improve its artwork, including four-color photographs of rarities similar to the one of the state’s first Varied Bunting, published in the February 2006 issue, and other improvements in the content and appearance of our journal. Contributions to FRIENDS OF FFN will be added to a special endowment of FOS, the interest of which will be used to improve the journal. Please write a check payable to the Florida Ornithological Society and specify that the gift is for FOS Friends of FFN. Send the check to: John Murphy, Treasurer, Florida Ornithological Society, 766 Alligator Drive, Alligator Point, FL 32346. We thank the following individuals for donating to FRIENDS OF FFN: 2006 Murray Gardler 2007 David B. Freeland 2008 Jack P. Hailman Billi Wagner Charles Ewell & Arlyne B. Salcedo Robert & Lucy Duncan John M. Murphy Richard L. West 2009 Judith C. Bryan John M. Murphy Billi Wagner Peggy Powell Peter & Victoria Merritt Jim Cox & Katy NeSmith Robert Budliger William Post David Hartgrove 2010 David Hartgrove Brian Ahern Robert Budliger 2011 David Hartgrove William Post R. Todd Engstrom Anthony White Robert Budliger John M. Murphy Vincent McGrath Michael Brothers Reed & Myra Noss 2012 James E. Cavanagh, Jr. Silvio Crespo, Jr. Robin Diaz David Hartgrove Larry Hribar John M. Murphy Billi Wagner William Post Anthony White Robert Budliger Theodore H. Below 2013 Silvio Crespo, Jr. Larry Hribar Mary Landsman John Murphy Robin Diaz Andrew Kratter Robert & Lucy Duncan Michael Brothers James E. Cavanagh, Jr. Robert Budliger Tim Towles Nancy Prine 2014 Stephen Gross William Courser David Hartgrove John Murphy Robin Diaz Larry Hribar Wilfred Yusek Silvio Crespo, Jr. James E. Cavanagh, Jr. Kevin & Marie Dailey St Johns River WMD (In Memory of Judy Bryan) Richard L. West Billi Wagner William Post John L. Wuepper Michael Brothers Wade Nolan Ann Paul Anthony White 187 SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS OF THE FLORIDA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY M. C. Bowman. 1978. Species Index to Florida Bird Records in Audubon Field Notes and American Birds , Volumes 1-30, 1947- 1967. Florida Ornithological Society Special Publication No. 1. xii + 43 pages. $4. J. A. Cox. 1987. Status and Distribution of the Florida Scrub Jay. Florida Ornithological Society Special Publication No. 3. vii + 110 pages. $8. R. W. Loftin, G. E. Woolfenden, and J. A. Woolfenden. 1991. Florida Bird Records in American Birds and Audubon Field Notes (1947- 1989): Species Index and County Gazetteer. Florida Ornithological Society Special Publication No. 4. xiv + 99 pages. $8. R. W. Loftin. 1991. West Indian Bird Records in American Birds and Audubon Field Notes (1947-1990): Species Index by Islands. Florida Ornithological Society Special Publication No. 5. ix + 90 pages. $8. W. B. Robertson, Jr. and G. E. Woolfenden. 1992. Florida Bird Species: An Annotated List. Florida Ornithological Society Special Publication No. 6. ix + 260 pages. FOS members: $15 soft cover, $20 hard cover; Non-members: $18 soft cover, $23 hard cover. G. E. Woolfenden, W. B. Robertson, Jr., and J. Cox. 2006. The Breeding Birds of Florida. Florida Ornithological Society Special Publication No. 7. ii + 142 pages. $12. J. S. Greenlaw, B. Pranty, and R. Bowman. 2014. The Robertson and Woolfenden Florida Bird Species: An Annotated List. Florida Ornithological Society Special Publication No. 8. viii + 435 pages. $20. To order Special Publications: Please send a check payable to the Florida Ornithological Society to the Treasurer: Charles H. Fisher, Jr. c/o Reilly, Fisher & Solomon PA 4950 W. Kennedy Blvd., Ste. 610 Tampa, FL 33609 E-mail: chflshercpa@hotmail.com The amount of the check should include the price of the publication^ ) plus shipping and sales tax. Shipping: Add $2 shipping for 1-5 copies; $4 for 6-10 copies. Sales Tax: Florida residents add the sales tax for the county in which the Special Publications are delivered. Calculate the sales tax based on the total cost of the special publications plus shipping. 188 Florida Field Naturalist ISSN 0738-999X PUBLISHED BY THE FLORIDA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY Editor: Scott Robinson, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117800, Gainesville, FL 32611-7800. E-mail: srobinson@flmnh.ufl.edu Managing/Copy Editor: Tom Webber, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117800, Gainesville, FL 32611-7800. E-mail: twebber@flmnh.ufl. edu Associate Editor (for bird distribution): Bruce Anderson, 2917 Scarlet Road, Winter Park, FL 32792. E-mail: scizortail@aol.com Editor of the FOB newsletter, Snail Kite: Selena Kiser, 1740 Augustine Place, Tallahassee, FL 32301. E-mail: beenebat@netscape.net Editor of Special Publications: Jerome A. Jackson, Florida Gulf Coast University, 10501 FGCU Blvd. South, Ft. Myers, FL 33965. E-mail: jjackson@fgcu.edu Web Page Editor: Eugene Stoccardo, 331 Roswell Ave., Orlando, FL 36803. E-mail: Garberia@hotmail.com INFORMATION FOR CONTRIBUTORS The Florida Field Naturalist is a fully refereed journal emphasizing biological field studies and observations of vertebrates, especially birds, in or near Florida and the nearby West Indies. We welcome submission of original manuscripts containing new information from these areas. We encourage electronic submission of manuscripts. Please consult recent issues of the journal and the FOS website (http://www.fosbirds.org/ content/publications) for style, noting especially that manuscripts should: (1) be double-spaced throughout, including tables and figure captions; (2) include the scientific name at the first mention of each species; (3) include capitalized standard English names for all birds, but lower case for English names of other organisms; (4) use metric units for all measurements; (5) use the form “7 June 2003” for all dates; (6) use the 24-hour clock for all indications of time (e.g., 0800, 1400); (7) use the following abbreviations: s (second), min (minute), h (hour); (8) use active voice where at all possible. Submit manuscripts, and books for review, to the Editor, Scott Robinson. Monograph- length manuscripts may be submitted for consideration to Jerome A. Jackson, Editor of Special Publications. Field observations should be sent to the Chair of the Field Observations Committee, Brian Ahem (barredantshrike@gmail.com; see Field Observations, this issue). Reports of birds for which the FOS Records Committee requires documentation (see http:// fosbirds.org/content/records-committee) should be sent to the Secretary of the Committee, Jon S. Greenlaw, 10503 Mistflower Lane, Tampa, FL 33647-3544; E-mail: jgreenlaw® earthlink.net SMITHSONIAN LIBRARIES 9088 01799 4732 Florida Field Naturalist PUBLISHED BY THE FLORIDA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY Vol. 42, No. 4 November 2014 Pages 141-188 CONTENTS ARTICLES South Carolina’s first, second, third, and fourth Fea’s Petrels ( Pterodroma feae ): Southernmost sightings off North America Nathan W. Dias .............................................. 141-147 NOTES First report of Common Merganser ( Mergus merganser ) for Cuba and the Greater Antilles Alain Parada Isada , Odey Martinez Llanes , and Lance J. Degnan ..... 148-150 First documentation of a Florida Scrub-Jay ( Aphelocoma coerulescens ) killing a bat M. Shane Pruett .............................................. 151-152 TWENTY-SECOND REPORT OF THE FLORIDA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY RECORDS COMMITTEE: 2012 Jon S. Greenlaw .............................................. 153-171 FIELD OBSERVATIONS Spring Report: March-May 2014 Brian Ahern ................................................. 172-184 TREASURER’S REPORT John J. Murphy .................................................. 185 CORRECTIONS Plant names in Hodgson and Paul, Inland spoonbills, FFN 2013 Ann B. Hodgson and Ann F Paul .................................... 188 ANNOUNCEMENTS Friends of FFN. ..................................................... 187 FOS Special Publications ............................................. 188