x “lorida Scientist enn et Pl ae phe A IC Volume 43 Supplement I! Oe 2 ee a Ce ves Program Issue THE FORTY-FOURTH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE ACADEMY in conjunction with THE ASSOCIATION OF SOUTHEASTERN BIOLOGISTS THE FLORIDA JUNIOR ACADEMY OF SCIENCES and SCIENCE TALENT SEARCH and the FLORIDA SECTION, AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PHYSICS TEACHERS featuring the General Session: STRATEGIES FOR INCREASING FEMALE PARTICIPATION IN THE SCIENCES THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA Tampa March 23424,25 1980 QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE FLORIDA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES PROGRAM ISSUE PRICE $2.00 FLORIDA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OFFICERS 1979-1980 President---------------------=-- ee L. Simon President-Elect----------------- Harvey A. Miller SECC dG ee Patrick J. Gleason TAREE NS WSU ES Anthony F. Walsh Program Chairman---------------- Ernest D. Estevez TABLE OF CONTENTS General: “InEOrMAEHON. 2.2). ue. oe waceedua eae Tomita nc chien Tokas Guia atone aeons The: Unitversity,of South Florida. 2 3 chedtacessusoee Registration. <. Bis tee Ee a a eee LOdGLNG 0 weet ee Ge ee a ah a Tn 5 ge ee eee FOGG SCL VCE Ae Haale iis a ME SRS UP ae ee oes Pde PIMOS iii ey pelea) eo fe cena, area acl 4ceciie aot ye eee Chronological. Program, Of BEVeMnts is vei cn ents. cer all eho: ae ene ANNOUNCEME MES a iii. Neath MeN Re Tears MEANS: TOR CRE EE aD aS oie GENET ATRISOSS TOM! as al tee, oN RSS ES era RM RE A ces ST iG Section Programs Agricultural SCLenceSniris ac) coc aes eo oe ere, ncn ANENVOPO LOGY. ‘we-) s,s, qa VEL Re eeRe PE EM CTE S) NE. Det ae eae ae eee ae Atmospheric and Oceanographic Sciences ....... BT OPO GY: ose ie 2 eas a 2S en ISS Tatty: ghe TNS. cat OS RoW RU eae aS BNGAUNGSSP LMG sii hey cl ve, 8 aoa TS Me aera Fae ep ae Environmentals(Chemastry.. oie die ee We eh a ial cone eh Geology: and Hydmotogy sta", ie cake, We vis sep es ae Cs ee Medical SGLence. smi a See ee ae tea anes einem Phy Sics and SASLCYOMOMY:< Miers Uap ee. ecto yak Verecieper Tou een peu Sciences Teachings cues wees tee conier) aeons tate a tocol ee Social Sctence | tis: fea Vs gute ern eit mee! ote ha as Nem aan Urban--and: Regional’ Planning. 2 yee «ce iets Me hence ne Session of the American Association of Physics Teachers . Maps PAMP a 2 AP Saree eel MNS WRN ae rca steer nlc ele iea canes ct a ally eS University of “SouthtFloridaw 2 sane ee so oes, 2 ae Florida Academy of Sciences, Inc. 810 East Rouuins STREET ® ORLANDO, FLORIDA 32803 - . Outside inside back cover cover Florida Scientist 43 (Suppl.) zoe All registrants for the Senior and Junior Academy meetings and the meetings of the American Association of Physics Teachers, Association of Southeastern FORTY-FOURTH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE FLORIDA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES AT THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA, TAMPA 237024, co March L9So0 Biologists, and the Southeastern Geological Society are welcome to attend all sessions of the Florida Academy. The University of South Florida The University is located 11 miles north of downtown Tampa, east of Interstate 75 on Fowler Avenue. The University is 20 minutes from Tampa International Airport. The Hillsborough County Museum of Science and Technology is immediately south of campus, on Fowler Avenue. The Campus Information Center is located at the main entrance to the University (Fowler Avenue). All academy meetings will be held in science buildings, located in the southwest quarter of campus. The maps on the back cover show approaches to the University and parking areas. Registration Lodging A registration desk will be set up in the lobby of the Engineering Building from noon - 4:00 pm on Sunday, 7:30 am - 3:00 pm on Monday, and 7:30 am - 9:30 am on Tuesday. Registration is $5.00 for members and $7.00 for non-members. This fee is waived for students. Programs are available for $2.00. Checks should be made payable to the Florida Academy of Sciences. No rooms could be reserved due to heavy tourist trade. You are encouraged to make room or campsite reservations early. A deposit or credit card number may be requested. Facility Address Telephone Travel Lodge 2501 Fowler Avenue 1-813-971-3900 Holiday Inn 2701 Fowler Avenue 1-813-971-4710 Interchange 109 Fowler Avenue T—8i'3—9ss—o53 Busch Gardens Camp 10001 McKinley Drive 1-613-972-0008 Spanish Main Camp Us 1S. S01 North 1-813-986-2415 1980 Florida Scientist 43 (Suppl.) i ae Food Service Campus cafeteria's will be closed during term break, but several restaurants are available within a mile of campus. Academy dining guides are available for inspection at the Registration Desk. Academy Social The annual business meeting will be held at Schlitz Brewery, in the Brown Bottle, followed by a beer social. The meeting begins at 7:00 pm; all academy members and meeting participants are invited. The Brown Bottle is located on 30th Street, immediately across the railroad track south of campus. Pa) Rae. Post meeting field trips are scheduled for Wednesday morning and Saturday. Meet at the Engineering parking lot off Laurel Drive. Reservations are not required but since these activities are being scheduled jointly with the Association of Southeastern Biologists, please notify ‘ Dr. Larry Brown, ASB Field Trip Coordinator (USF Tampa; 813-974-2668) of your interest. Drivers will be asked to cooperate in taking passengers. Trips include: Wednesday, March 26. Cockroach Bay. Marine preserve, mangroves, indian mound. Selby Gardens. Botanical collections, shops and library. Saturday, March 29. Bartow Excavations. Fossils. Archbold Biological Station. Terrestrial ecology, botany, birding. Facilities, materials and personnel were coordinated by David H. Vandercar, Chairman of Local Arrangements é Florida Scientist 44 (Suppl.) piel 1980 PROGRAM Sunday, 23 March 1980 Place Page noon- 4:00 pm Registration Engineering Lobby 1:00 pm- 3:00 pm Council Meeting LSA 133 1:00 pm- 3:15 pm Biology A: Invertebrates l. CHM 101 5 Biology B: Angiosperms CHM 105 7 S230 pe- 5:00 pm Biology Invited Papers: Sharks CHM 100 3 Monday, 24 March 1980 7:30 am- 3:00 pm Registration Engineering Lobby 8:00 am-11:00 am Biology C: Physiology and Biochemistry CHM 101 11 8:00 am- 9:30 am Biology D: Non-Vascular Plants CHM 105 14 8:30 am-11:00 am Geology and Hydrology CHM 203 42 8:45 am-11:00 am Earth and Planetary Sciences CHM 201 28 9:00 am- 9:45 am Anthropology A: Medicai LEE p272 1 9:00 am-11:00 am Environmental Chemistry: Marine CHM 102 35 9:00 am-11:15 am Medical Sciences CHM 104 44 9:00 am-10:15 am Urban and Regional Planning LIF 266 52 9:30 am-11:00 am Social Science B LIF 262 5h 9:45 am-11:00 am Biology E: Invertebrates 2. CHM 105 a5 Social Science A LIF 260 50 10:45 am-11:00 am Anthropology B: Physical nbei2W2 3 10:45 am Business Meeting, Urban Regional Planning LIF 266 11:00 am Business Meeting: Anthropology, LIF 272; Atmospheric and Oceanographic Science, CHM 202; Biology, CHM 101; Environmental Chemistry, CHM 102, Geology and Hydrology, CHM 203; Physics and Astronomy, CHM 201; Social Science, LIF 260. 11:15 am Business Meeting, Medical Science CHM 104 1:00 pm- 2:15 pm ACADEMY GENERAL SESSION ENA Vv. 2:30 pm- 3:00 pm Anthropology C: Social LEB P22 4 2:30 pm- 4:15 pm Earth and Planetary Science CHM 201 cil 2:30 pm- 4:30 pm Biology F: Ecology l. CHM 101 7, 2:30 pm- 4:45 pm Biology G: Invertebrates 3. CHM 105 19 Medical Sciences CHM 104 46 2:30 pm- 5:00 pm Geology and Hydrology CHM 203 42 2530 pa 5:15 pm Environmental Chemistry: Freshwater CHM 102 37 6:00 pm Southeastern Geological Society Social, Dinner and BuSiness Meeting Travel Lodge 7:00 pm ACADEMY BUSINESS MEETING AND BEER SOCIAL Brown Bottle Tuesday, 25 March 1980 7:30 am- 9:30 am Registration Engineering Lobby 8:00 am-12:00 pm Biology H: Ecology 2. CHM 101 a Biology I: Vertebrates CHM 105 25 8:45 am-11:00 am Engineering CHM 102 35 9:00 am-11:00 am Agricultural Sciences CHM 104 aE Science Teaching CHM 201 48 American Association of Physics Teachers CHM 202 54 9:00 am-12:00 pm Science Careers for Women Videotapes LIF 131-D Vv. 11:00 am Business Meeting : noon- 1:30 pm Engineering, CHM 102; Agricultural Science, CHM 104; Science Teaching, CHM 201; American Association of Physics Teachers, CHM 202. Open House, Museum of Science and Industry Florida Scientist 43 (Suppl.) iv. 1980 ANNOUNCEMENTS Florida's Maritime Heritage will be the subject of a special conference on Friday and Saturday, March 21-22, 1980, at Curtis Hixon Convention Center in downtown Tampa. Academy members interested in anthropology, economics and marine technology are invited to attend. For information contact Barbara A. Purdy, Florida State Museum, University of Florida, Gainesville FL 32611. MEETING NOTICES The Executive Council of the Florida Academy of Sciences will meet on Sunday, March 23, in Life Science Annex 133. The Hillsborough County Museum of Science and Technology will host an Open House for Academy members on Sunday, 1:00 - 3:00 pm and on Tuesday, noon to 1:30 pm. Members of the Senior Academy are needed as Judges by the Junior Academy of Sciences. Persons interested in participating are asked to contact the Junior Academy Regis- tration Desk, Physics Lobby, on Sunday afternoon and Monday morning. The Academy General Session, "Strategies for Increasing Female Participation in Science" is scheduled for 1:00 - 2:15 pm on Monday in the Engineering Auditorium. Videotapes of the November 1979 conference, "Science Careers for Women", held at the University of Central Florida, will be shown and discussed on Tuesday, 9;00 am- noon, in Life Science 131 D. The Academy's annual business meeting and free beer social will begin at 7:00 pm in the Brown Bottle Room of Schlitz Brewery. Their hospitality is gratefully acknow- ledged. The quarterly meeting of the Southeastern Geological Society will be held on Monday at the TraveLodge on Fowler Avenue. The cash bar social begins at 6:00 pm and dinner is at 7:00 pm. For information contact Sam B. Upchurch, Department of Geology, Uni- versity of South Florida, 33620. The Florida Section of the American Association of Physics Teachers will meet on Tuesday, 9:00 - 11:00 am in Chemistry 202. A business meeting will follow the session. SECTION ACTIVITIES Anthropology. A special agenda item, "Development of Anthropology Programs at Flo- rida's Community Colleges: A Response to Problems Identified at the 1979 Symposium on Anthropology in Community Colleges" by H. Russell Bernard, University of Florida, has been scheduled for the section business meeting on Monday, 11:00 am in Life Science 272. Biology. The Section Symposium on Shark Biology will begin on Sunday, 3:30 pm in Chemistry 100. These invited lectures are public. A guide and directory of biological resource and research facilities in Florida will be displayed near the Registration Desk in Engineering. Comments and corrections are invited. Physics and Astronomy sessions will be held jointly with Atmospheric and Oceanogra-~ phic Science. The conjoined sessions are listed under Earth and Planetary Sciences. Ine Physics and Astronomy business meeting will be held Monday, 11:00 am in Chemistry 201. Atmospheric and Oceanographic Sciences will have a concurrent business meeting in Chemistry 202. Florida Scientist 43 (Suppl.) Vv. 1980 GENERAL SESSION "STRATEGIES FOR INCREASING FEMALE PARTICIPATION IN THE SCIENCES" 1200 pm Monday, March 24 Engineering Auditorium Convenor: Marilyn Whisler, Project Director Women in Science Careers* University of Central Florida Panelists: Dorothy Henley, Cardinal Gibbons High School Nikki Holbrook, Department of Medical Microbiology University of South Florida Eileen Sullivan 2806 SW 14th Drive Gainesville, Florida 32608 Roseann White, Department of Biological Sciences University of Central Florida *Videotapes of the November 1979 Conference Science Careers for Women will be shown and discussed on Tuesday, 9:00 am in LIF 131 D. Topics will include science careers in differ- ent sectors of the economy; graduate education in the sciences, and career options in science. THE ASSOCIATION OF SOUTHEASTERN BIOLOGISTS Members of the Florida Academy of Sciences are invited to participate in the 1980 meeting of the Association of Southeastern Biologists, March 26-28, at the Univer- Sity of South Florida, Tampa. Joint ASB-FAS field trips are planned for Wednesday; ASB paper sessions are scheduled for Thursday and Friday. Persons interested in registering for ASB activities should inquire at the FAS Registration Desk or contact Fred Eilers, Department of Biology, University of South Florida (813) 974-2668. Florida Scientist 43 (Suppl.) ube 1980 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES Tuesday 9:00 am Chemistry 104 Charles L. Coultas, Florida A and M University, Presiding 9:00 am AGS-1 Buried Soils in the Apalachicola National Forest, Florida. C. L. Coultas and A. F. Clewell, Florida. A & M University, Tallahassee, FL, 32307 and Conservation Consultants, Inc., Palmetto, FL 33561. Several buried soils were found in the Apalachicola National Forest in the Florida panhandle. In two of these, wood fragments from gymospermous plants (probably bole) occurred at a depth of 1.5 to 1.8 m in a buried soil. These were dated at 4,280 and 7,110 years old. It is concluded that the mechanism of burial was by aeolian transport. Evidence is presented which suggests a xerophytic environment during the period of burial. 9:15 am AGS-2 Charge Characteristics of the Spodic Horizon in a Titi Swamp. Sedley A. Williams, Florida A & M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307. The charge characteristics of a spodic horizon will be estimated and related to the colloidal fraction. The predominance of organic matter ©F clay sized particles can be used as an indicator of associated physical and chemical horizon development. The paper reports the results of the following determinations on the diagnostic horizon, exchangeable cations, percent clay and organic matter, cation exchange capacity, pH, and total iron. 9:30 am AGS-3 Variability in needlerush (Juncus roemerianus). O. J. Weber and C. L. Coultas, Florida A & M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307. Needlerush (Juncus roemerianus) growing at higher elevations of a north Florida tidal marsh was denser, lower yielding, and had thinner and shorter shoots than that growing at lower elevations. Needlerush from high marsh (HM) transplanted to low marsh (LM) continued to be thinner and shorter than plants from low marsh after one year. Significantly fewer shoots from HM transplants survived in LM suggesting the poor adaptation of HM plants to the more reducing LM environment. Mean diameter of HM plants grown in LM was 1.7/7 mm while that of HM plants grown in HM was 1.90 mm which was not significantly different. LM plants in LM had a diameter of 3.19 mm and LM plants transplanted to HM measured 2.94 mm. These data indicate there are 2 genetically different populations of needlerush in this marsh; one adapted to the well aerated, drier HM position and one to the poorly aerated, wetter LM position. 9:45 am AGS-4 Simulated Effects of Pine Flatwoods tianagement Practices. KENNETH x. GOLKIN AND KATHERINE C. EWEL, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, Univ. of Fla., Gainesville, FL 32611. A generalized model of a pine flatwoods ecosystem, including three classes of vegetation (trees, shrubs, and herbaceous understory) , Simulates the interactions between biotic, mineral, and hydrologic components of the system. Simulated harvesting of the pine flatwoods suggests that stream flows will return to normal within five years. Both improved drainage characteristics and fer- tilizer addition increased growth rates of trees on poorly drained sites. Simulated suppression of understory growth had mixed effects on pine tree growth, depending upon simulated fertility and drainage characteristics of the site. Several pathways of nutrient loss from the system that may be important to the long term productivity of the site but have not been quantified in the literature are identified and investigated using simulation techniques. 10:00-10:15 am BREAK Florida Scientist 43 (Suppl.) Be 10:15 am AGS-5 Nutrient concentrations in recycled irrigation and runoff water — from a spring season vegetable field in Florida. A.A. Csizinszky, Agr. Res. & Edu. Ctr. ,5007-60th St. E., Bradenton, FL 33508. During the spring 1979, nutrients were measured in the recycled irrigation and surface runoff water from a field of Myakka fine sand with a hardpan at 94cm depth. Tomatoes, sweet corn, cucumbers, broccoli, cabbage and cauliflower were planted on beds covered with olastic mulch. Fertilizer rates, in kg/ha, were 214 NO3, 89NH4, 112P, 421 K, 477 Mg, 731 Ca and 9 S. On a per ha basis the field received 7721 m> of irrigation and 1816 m? of rainwater during the 94 days season. In the irrigation water, total soluble salts (TSS) ranged from 637 to 798 mg/1 for a total of 5495 kg/ha, and the pH from 7.5 to 8.2. In the runoff water, TSS varied from 532 to 756 mg/1 and a total of 1535 kg/ha salt was measured. The pH was from 7.4 to 8.9. Sulphur, Ca, Mg, Na, K and Cl were present in large quantities in both water sources, while NO3 NHq and P were found in smaller amounts. 10:30 am AGS-6 Response of Native Stylosanthes hamata to Nitrogen Applications and Rhizobium Inoculants. JOHN B. BROLMANN AND R. M. SONODA, Agricultural Research Center, P. 0. Box 248, Fort Pierce, Fl 33450. Ecotypes of Stylosanthes hamata slam Taub. collected from the southeast coast of Florida were inoculated with a specific Rhizobium strain and growr in virgin Oldsmar fine sand with and without nitrogen. Added nitrogen in three cases depressed yields. When S. hamata was grown in steri- lized dune sand (with and without inoculant) and non-sterilized dune sand (without inoculant), the highest nodule count and greatest vegetative production was obtained for plants grown in non-sterilized dune sand. Plants inoculated with two Rhizobium strains and grown in sterilized soil had fewer nodules and less vegetative growth than plants grown in non-sterilized sand. It seems that the Rhizobium strains present in the dune sand effectively nodulate the Stylosanthes hamata. There is evidence that steam sterilization of dune sand might inhibit normal plant growth. 11200" am Business Meeting, Agricultural Sciences: Chemistry 104. 12.00% prt Open House, Museum of Science and Industrv ANTHROPOLOGICAL SCIENCES Monday 9:00 am Life Science 272 Session A: MEDICAL ANTHROPOLOGY Maria D. Vesperi, University of South Florida, presiding. 9:00 am ANT-1 Community-Based Health Care for Older People: Profile of a Homeopathic Doctor. MARIA D. VESPERI, Department of Anthropology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620. An increase in medical Specialization and a con- comitant decline in the number of paramedical and folk practitioners have led to a narrowing of health care options for older Americans. Poor health among older people can often be traced to a constellation of interrelated social, nutritional, and situational factors. The structuring of contemporary medical practice limits the treatment of disease symptoms to isolated clinical settings. Practitioners rarely have access to causal factors, information which could lead to the develop- ment of long-term, preventative care. Ethnographic data is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of community-based folk and paramedical practitioners in dealing with the health needs of older people. The development of teamwork in the field of geriatric medicine is advocated. Florida Scientist 43 (suppl.) 3 1980 9:15 am ANT-2 Variation and Consistency in Medicinal Plant Preparations. J. SCOTT OSBORNE, III, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431. Quantifica- tion of the preparative aspects of "bush' medicine is vital to a meaningful evalua- tion of herbalists' therpauetic proficiency. Preparations of a majority of the ap- proximately 80 plants in the botanical pharmacopoeia of the Biminis, Bahamas were investigated and empirically quantified by the author during the past year. Measured variables included: weight of part(s) of plant(s) used, volume of added liquids (if any), duration and temperature of boiling or steeping (for decoctions or infusions), and the volume or weight of prepared medicaments. Field data and pharmacological evidence suggest the essential criterion in quantification of this process is the amount of plant material(s) used for a 'dose'. Results of several trials per plant showed variation in the observed magnitude of this weight, though 'large' variations are probably attributable to respective material densities. However, the relative variation in 'dose-weights' portioned by the herbalists' hand-and-eye technique is remarkably consistent within a limited range. 9:30 am ANT-3 Dynamics of the Sick Individual's Total Environment (SITE). MART MARTIN, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida 33431. Various scientists have investigated the interactions surrounding a sick person; however, assumptions about the participants' roles and goals have often been accepted uncritically. This study, based upon fieldwork, has developed a working model of SITE dynamics. A simple code and zone format permitted the author to record initial relationships according to the physical location of objects and the mental assignments given to those objects by the patient. Subsequent entries showed the changes taking place in the SITE as affected by three interacting groups, i.e., patient, medical personnel, and others of significance to the patient. It was concluded that the perceived roles and goals of these three groups did not necessarily coincide. In addition, the model revealed gaps in interpersonal relations and, so when applied, should promote improved communications. 9:45-10:00 am BREAK Monday 10:00 am Life Science 272 Session B: PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY Curtis W. Wienker, University of South Florida, presiding 10:00 am ANT-4 Facial Reconstruction from the Skull: How Much of It Is Conjecture? M. YASAR ISCAN, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida 33431. With the increase in unidentified human remains, there has been an urgent need by law enforcement technology for improvement of existing techniques or development of a new methodology for facial reconstruction from skeletonized or semi-decomposed remains. The present study is based on various forensic cases and attempts to in- troduce a "sketch" technique for drawing full and profile views of the face. This technique requires a detailed understanding of anthropological methodology, human variation, bone-soft tissue relationships, crime-scene evidence, and pertinent for- ensic reports. Although general morphology of the face may be established through anthropometry, much conjecture is still required (e.g., hair form and style, eye and ear locations, eye and hair color, non-bone facial trauma). The sketch tech- nigue is less time consuming, more effective, and less expansive than the "clay" technique, even though the latter has a longer history. Development of a more Systematic methodology based upon known specimens is required to meet this need. Florida Scientist 43 (Suppl.) 4. 1980 10:15 am ANT-5 Origin and Relationships of the Platyrrhini. CANDACE ALCORTA, Indian River Community College, 8888 S.E. Rigdon Way, Hobe Sound, FL 33455. Traditionally the New World Platyrrhini have been considered to have originated in North America, later rafting to the South American continent where they then underwent an adaptive radiation. In light of recently accumulated evidence, however, an African origin for these primates provides an alternative and more acceptable hypothesis. A review of the extant fossil evidence reveals the anthropoids of the African Eocene-Oligocene to be the most likely ancestral candidates for the derivation of both the Catarrhini and the Platyrrhini. Dental, anatomical, parasitological, serological and immunological data all suggest such a conclusion. Relevant ecological and geophysical considerations further support this thesis. Recent calculations of sea floor spreading rates and patterns genera- ted by continental drift theory further substantiate an African origin. 10:30 am ANT-6 Estimates of sexual dimorphism among early hominids. MICHAEL J. HANSINGER, Field Associate, Yale Peabody Museum, P 0 Sox 351, Ft. Myers, FL 33902. Comparisons were made of the cheek tooth measurements of living apes and fossil hominids. Based on the ape an- alogy, gender dimorphism can be expected in A. boisei and A.robustus to the degree present in gorillas. For Homo habilis and H. erectus, dimorphism appears about equal to that of chimpanzees, which is the least of all of the ape spectrum, 10:45 am ANT-7 A Comparative Analysis of Graduate Training Programs in Anthro- pology in Florida and their relationship to Pre-graduate Anthropology Programming. CURTIS W. WIENKER, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620. The graduate programs at UF (Ph.D.), FSU (MA) and USF (MA) are discussed in terms of their curricular similarities and differences. The special orientations and unique fea- tures that exist in each are noted. A similar analysis is performed for public and private baccalaureate programs within the state. The content, orientation and diversity of Anthropology curricula at the bac- calaureate and graduate levels are discussed with special attention given to the state of Anthropology in community college programming and the growing presence of Anthropology in secondary and primary school curricula. Where relevant, recommendations for the enhancement and improvement of the quantity and quality of Anthropology in Florida's educational milieu are suggested. 11:00 am Business Meeting, Anthropological Sciences: Life Science 272. Special Agenda Item: Anthropology in Florida's Community Colleges. 1:00 pm General Session, Engineering Auditorium Monday 2:30 pm Life Science 272 Session C: SOCIAL ANTHROPOLOGY Michael J. Hansinger, Yale Peabody Museum, presiding. Florida Scientist 43 (Suppl.) 5... 1980 2:30 pm ANT-8 Spontaneous migration in the Brazilian Amazon. Judith Lisansky. Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611. This Paper analyzes rural-rural migration to a frontier community in the Brazilian Amazon within the context of the Bandera Verde revitalization movement. The movement attempted the continuation of a peasant way of life which had become non- viable in the areas of origin. The paper concludes that peasant farmers are unsuccessful on the front because corporate development projects monopolize the land base and thus contribute to a process of proletarianization. Research funded by HEW Fulbright Hays Dissertation Grant. 2:45 pm ANT-9 The myth of planned social equality in frontier communities. Lothar Georg Vollweiler. Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611. Planners of agricultural frontier settlements invariably justify their aims of colonization with the promise that agricultural development will accompany the development of egalitarian social structures in the project area. It is the purpose of this paper to show that successful agricultural development precludes the development of egalitarian social structures. Funding: German People's Research Foundation, Bonn-Bad Godesberg, Germany. 7:00 pm Academy BuSiness Meeting, Schlitz Brown Bottle. BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Sunday 1:00 pm Chemistry 101 Session A: INVERTEBRATES 1. Ernest D. Estevez, Mote Marine Laboratory, presiding 1:00 pm BS-1 Seasonal Distribution and Relative Abundance of Decapod Crustacean Larvae in Lower Hillsborough Bay, Florida. HARRY BLANCHET, Mote Marine Laboratory, 1600 City Island Park, Sarasota, FL 33577. A study of invertebrate larvae was conducted from January 1976 through March 1977 in lower Hillsborough Bay using a 363 u mesh plankton net. Decapods constituted 94% of the larvae recorded, most other invertebrate larvae were not efficiently collected by the net used. Sixty-four types of decapod larvae were identified to the genus or species level. The most abundant larvae were those of Pinnixa sayana, Polyonyx gibbesi, Upogebia affinis, Neopanope texana and Hexapanopeus angustifrons. Seasonal variations in abundance of the decapod larvae were described. Larvae were most abundant from April through October, with a noticeable depression in numbers in the middle of summer. Nearby alli species were warm-season breeders, but some species were more abundant in spring while others increased in late summer. Pagurid crab larvae were mostly found in the cooler part of the year. This study was funded by the Tampa Electric Company to Conservation Consultants, Incorporated. 1:15 pm BS-2 & Successful Method For Raising Simocephalus (Cladocera) in the Laboratory, CHARLES P, WHITE, Dept. of Zoology, 223 Bartram Hall, U.F., Galuesville, Fi 32611. This report describes a method of rearing cladocerans that has been used successfully in laboratory studies of the life histories of three species of Simocephalus. Details of the technique are explained, and the results of some test rearings are presented to show the effectiveness of the method, Florida Scientist 43 (Suppl.) 6. 1980 1:30 pm BS-3 Sediment Selection Ability for Tube Construction by the Amphipod Ampelisca verrilli (Mills). Ralph Lombardo and Js Simon, Department of Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620. Grain size measurments of Ampelisca verrilli.tubes collected at the southeast end of Courtney-Campbell Causeway in Old Tampa Bay show a mean grain size of 182.477um + 58.2 for the entire tube. The lower 1/3 of the tubes have a significantly smaller mean grain size than the upper 1/3 of the tube nearest the sediment -water inter- face. When given a choice of three grain sizes 63um, 125um and 250um in the lab- oratory, A. verrilii selected against the smallest size category. Data suggest some grain selection is occuring and that size selected may be related to tube growth. 1:45 pm BS-4 The Ontogeny of Osmoregulation in Macrobrachium rosenbergii (Crustacea: Palaemonidae). K.E. HARRISON and P.L. LUTZ, University of Miami, RSMAS, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, Florida 33149. Larval (zoea) M. rosenbergii require brackish water for development through metamorphosis. Benthic postlarvae migrate up freshwater streams and are effective hyperregulators in freshwater as adults. Physiological ontogenesis, which accompanies the changing osmoregu latory capacity, was investigated. Newly metamorphosed postlarvae show an intolerance to freshwater for the first few days following metamorphosis after which they can tolerate direct transfer from brackish water, and demonstrate a decreased tolerance to brackish water with age. Metabolic rate was equivalent in all salinities but varied with weight according to the allometric expression QO, = 3.32 wos mmoles O,/gm dry wt/hr. The weight-specific exponent is not significantly different from the Hemmingson value, 0.75. Osmoregulatory mechanisms which accompany this ontogeny will be discussed. Research supported by the Weyerhaeuser Company and the Noyes Foundation. 2:00-2:15 pm BREAK 2:15 pmrsS=5 Laboratory experiments on growth and reproduction of Asellus (Crustacea: Isopoda) from development in the brood pouch to death. JEFFRY H. MAR- CUS, Florida International University, Tamiami Campus, Miami, FL 33199. Growth is measured in Asellus aquaticus (L.), A. meridianus (Rac.), and A. communis Say from birth to natural death. The instantaneous growth rates (mg mg! day‘) decrease with increasing age. The effect of temperature and light on growth and reproduc- tion is also investigated in A. aquaticus and A. meridianus. In both species, growth is dependent on temperature in the juvenile stage, but less so as the ani- mal reaches sexual maturity. Development time of eggs and embryos in the brood pouch decreases with increasing temperature and is similar in A. aquaticus and A. meridianus. A change in the lighting regime does not alter growth rate or develop- ment time. 2:30 pm BS-6 Menippe mercenaria (Stone Crab) Claw Regeneration with Reversal. JENNY SIMONSON and P. STEELE, Fla. Dep. Nat. Resour. Mar. Res. Lab., 100 8th Avenue S.E., St. Petersburg, FL 33701. Preliminary data from a pilot project including larval rearing and claw autotomy experiments with wild juvenile crabs indicate onto- genetic changes in crab handedness ratios and reversal capabilities. All first- Stage crabs appear to have larger right claws when claws are dimorphic. Almost all juvenile crabs with autotomized crushers showed Signs of reversal by first regenera- tive molt, based on morphologic and morphometric ratio data. Autotomy experiments with large adult crabs produced no handedness reversals. Dockside claw Surveys and trap sampling programs of several Florida adult populations over the past 10 years indicate an approximate 80:20 right:left-handed crab ratio. Combined data suggest that at some point in the life cycle of M. mercenaria, possibly coincident with maturity but before crabs attain harvestable size, handedness may become fixed and no further reversals occur with regeneration. Florida Scientist 43 (Suppl.) fie 1980 2:45 pm BS-7 A Study on the Effects of Power Plant Thermal Discharges on Benthic Infaunal Communities at Big Bend, Tampa Bay (Florida). SELVAKUMARAN MAHADEVAN, Mote Marine Laboratory, 1600 City Island Park, Sarasota, Florida 33577. A total of 924 petite ponar grab samples were collected and analyzed from twenty-two stations at six-week intervals. Of the 376 different taxa identified from 445,466 organisms in the study, nine species accounted for over 70% of the total fauna (numerically). Pollution indicator species, Nereis succinea and Capitella Capitata, were more abundant in the discharge canal and nearshore thermal areas. Evaluation of faunal density, species richness, species diversity and evenness indicated that community structure changes have occurred in the discharge canal and nearshore areas in response to the thermal effluent. A faunal similarity analyses indicated that, in general, communities responded to sediment differences rather than thermal influence at Big Bend. Overall, thermal effects on the benthos appear to be restricted to less than 1 km radius from the discharge flume. The study was funded by Tampa Electric Company and administered by Conservation Consultants, Incorporated. 3:00 pm BS-8 The influence of sediment organic content on the distribution of Procladius culiciformis (Diptera: Chironomidae). DARRELL VODOPICH, Dept. Biology, USF, Tampa FL 33620. A diet study compared the relative success of third and fourth instar larvae fed on oligochaetes, chironomids, crustaceans and algae-detritus. Success was measured in terms of length of time spent as a fourth instar, net growth and size at pupation. The relative larval preference for three sediment types with differing organic contents and grain sizes was measured using a series of partitioned trays containing natural sediment. Results indicated a preference for fine grained, organic sediment. A later experiment determined organic content to be the influen- tial factor. A third experiment tested the growth of larvae in the preferred organic sediment combined with an artificially high prey abundance. Growth was greater than in a control group with sandy sediment. Thus, organic matter was demonstrated to be nutritionally insufficient, but a factor which ellicited a response and is a key to the distribution patterns of P. culiciformis. This will be interpreted with respect to the distribution in a subtropical Florida lake. 3:30 pm Invited Paper Session, Shark Biology, Chemistry 100. Sunday 1:00 pm Chemistry 105 Session B: ANGIOSPERMS Richard Wunderlin, University of South Florida, presiding. 1:00 pm BS-9 Bryophytes of the Southern Coastal Plain. HARVEY A. MILLER, Dept. of Biological Sciences, Univ. of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816. The bryoflora of the southern coastal plain is comprised of at least 63 genera and 180 species of Hepaticae, 3 genera and 8 species of Anthocerotae, 115 genera and 285 species of Musci. The area coincides roughly with the distribution of Spanish moss (Tillandsta usneoides) from tidewater Virginia to Florida, thence westward along the Gulf of Mexico to southern Texas. The bryophyte flora shows a substantial tropical element which is alien to the remainder of extra-tropical North America. Such tropical moss families as Meteoriaceae, Pterobryaceae, Cal ymperaceae, Erpodi- aceae, Rhizogoniaceae, Cryphaeaceae and Hookeriaceae are well represented in the flora. However, it is in the diversity of the liverworts that the tropical influ- ence is most apparent. The Lejeuneaceae are abundantly represented and confirm the tropical affinities of the flora. Although collecting has been erratic, the coastal plain flora must be considered to be moderately well-known with new discoveries for North America most likely in Texas and peninsular Florida. Florida Scientist 43 (Suppl.) 8. 1980 1:15 pm BS-10 A Probabilistic Model of Seagrass Variation in a Florida Coastal Lagoon. N.J. EISEMAN and E.E. GALLAHER, Harbor Branch Foundation, Ft. Pierce, FL 33450. The seagrasses Halodule wrightii and Syringodium filiforme were sampled monthly at five stations in the Indian River lagoon, Florida East Coast. Five replicate samples were taken for each species each month. Shoot density, biomass of photosynthetic tissue and biomass of non-photosynthetic tissue were determined. These values were analyzed for location effects, the data from comparable locations combined into frequency distributions and the distributions fitted to known probability functions. S. pt data produced gamma probability density functions for all variables tested. wrightii data produced a variety of functions. These probability functions an the theoretical basis for the analysis and simulation of temporal variation in these seagrass species. 1:30 pm BS-11 Observations on the Reproductive Ecology of Thalassia testudinum (Hydrocharitaceae) in Tampa Bay, Florida. MARK D. MOFFLER AND M.J. DURAKO, Fla. Dep. Nat. Resour. Mar. Res. Lab., 100 8th Avenue S.E., St. Petersburg, FL 33701. Observa- tions on Thalassia testudinum in early February revealed early inflorescences with mean inflorescence length (MIL) of 2.62 mm + 0.69 mm SD. Floral development con- tinued with the MIL increasing geometrically with time. inflorescence development leveled off when anthesis began in mid May at MIL of 73.23 mm + 16.03 mm, after which development peaked in mid June at 79.35 mm + 33.04 mm MIL. Male inflorescence number declined after anthesis. Female inflorescences began decaying after anthesis (no fruit development) in late June for unknown reasons. Floral induction may occur from late fall into early May. Reproductive short-shoot densities are the highest reported for this species with a mean of 39.96% + 19.89% (n=1950) ranging from 0 to 92.31% per 0.06m@. A relationship is apparent between inflorescence number per Short-shoot and short-shoot leaf blade width. 1:45 pm BS-12 A Genetic Comparison of Three Growth Forms of the Waterhyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes. RICHARD P. WAIN AND DEAN F. MARTIN, University of South Florida, Department of Biology, Department of Chemistry, CHEMS CENTER, Tampa, FL. 33620. The degree of genetic differentiation among three waterhyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) growth forms in Florida was assesed by means of horizontal starch gel electrophoresis. Three populations were assayed for seven isozyme systems and compared using Nei's genetic identity statistic. Results indicate that the three morphs ("small", “intermediate", and "super") which differ in morphology, trace metal composition, and feeding avoidance by insects, are not genetically distinct. Potential forms of differentiation among the morphs, other than at the structural gene level, are discussed. 2:00-2:15 pm BREAK 2:15 pm BS-13 Structural Damage to Mangroves from Cold Stress. E.LYNN MOSURA AND G. BRUCE WILLIAMSON, Department of Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620. At seven sites on Tampa Bay cold stress on mangroves was deter- mined for the severe winter of 1976-77 and the more normal winter of 1977-78. Significant differences in cold damage were found among the three mangrove species Rhizophora mangle, Avicennia nitida and Laguncularia racemosa, among the sites, and between winters. Especially important was the diameter of the largest damaged branches. Branch damage occurred at over half the sample points in both winters, but was three times greater in the severe winter. Rhizophora and Laguncularia sustained greater branch damage than Avicennia in the severe only. For Rhizophora the mean diameter of largest damaged branch was 1.7 cm in 1976-77 and only 0.46 cm in 1977-78; this difference is important because lateral buds on stem axes greater than 1 cm in diameter are inviable. Florida Scientist 43 (Suppl.) ae 1980 2:30 pm BS-14 An Introduction to Pollen Characteristics of Malvaviscus arboreus Cav. JOHN H. BIGELOW, Collegium of Natural Sciences, ickerd College, St. Petersburg, Fl. 33733. Malvaviscus arboreus Cav. or Turk's-—Cap is a fairly common hedge plant in central and southern Florida, Its pollen is round, multipored, and spiny, and occurs in two distinct body sizes, Its Spines are variable as to thickness, single or branched, and number growing from one exine location. Attempts are made to relate these characteristics to several other members of the Malvaceae family, some of which also show one or more of these same interesting variations. 2:45 pm BS-15 WNandina, an Inadequately Understood Primitive Angiosperm. VIOLET M. BROWN, Dept. of Biological Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816. WNandina domestica, sole representative of the Nandinaceae, is an erect, woody shrub generally assigned to the Berberidales. Although originally from China and Japan and now cultivated occasionally as an ornamental in the southeast, the taxon is inadequately known and imperfectly described. Analysis of hundreds of flowers, fruits and leaves from several populations in central Florida confirm: 1) sepals 14-24 spirally arranged, buff colored, chartaceus; 2) petals 5-8 spirally arranged, pinkish-white, reflexed at maturity; 3) stamens 5-8 opposite the petals and of the same number, anthers subsessile, dehiscent longitudinally, pollen tri- colpate; 4) pistil 1, locules 1-2, functional ovules 1-6; 5) fruit a red, globose berry with a persistent style; 6) leaves ternately 3-5-pinnately compound, with a stipular sheath, each segment dehiscent from the distal end of the petiole, becom- ing reddish with the onset of abscission. Characteristics deviant from the hereto- fore consistent descriptions of the family serve to strengthen the case for proper recognition of the Nandinaceae as distinct from the Berberidaceae, sensu str. 3:00 pm BS-16 Vegetational Characteristics of an Aging Red Maple Stand at Sawgrass Lake Park, Pinellas Co., FL. THEODORE F. ROCHOW, Southwest Florida Water Management District, 5060 U.S. Hwy. 41 S., Brooksville, FL 33512. A red maple stand at Sawgrass Lake Park was studied from 1978 through 1979. Red maple trees presently are dominant in abundance and size. However, a tree size analysis showed that few young maples are available to replace older ones as they die. Addition- ally, because of water management constraints, other tree species should have difficulty replacing the older maples. Management options directed at maintaining a viable plant community in the swamp area are discussed. Sunday 3:30 pm Chemistry 100 Invited Paper Session: RECENT ADVANCES IN SHARK BIOLOGY Alfred Beulig, New College USF, presiding. 3-20 pm BS-:1PS-1 Structure and Function of Shark Siphon Sacs. PERRY W. GILBERT, Division of Biological Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 and Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL 33577. With few exceptions (Hexanchus griseus, Notorhynchus platycephalus, and Chlamydoselachus anguineus) paired subcutaneous, muscular, epi- thelium-lined bladders, situated between the skin and belly musculature, known as Siphon sacs appear in all species of male sharks thus far studied. The blind an- terior end of each sac in mature orectolobid (Hemiscytlium, Ginglymostoma) , carcharhinid (Galeocerdo, Negaprion, Carcharhinus) and triakid (Mustelus) genera ex- tends forward to the coracoid bar. Large goblet-like cells in the stratified epi- thelium lining the lumen of each sac secrete a clear viscous fluid which serves to lubricate the clasper. Each sac opens posteriorly, by an apopyle, into a clasper groove. Prior to copulation sea water is pumped into each siphon sac by repeated flexings of a clasper. After clasper insertion, sperm pass from the male urogenital papilla into the clasper groove and sea water expressed from the adjoining siphon sac washes the sperm up the oviduct. Aided by a grant from the Robert Dorion Fund. Florida Scientist 43 (Suppl.) 10% ool 3:45 pm BS:IPS 2. Role of the Lemon Shark Negaprion brevirostris as a Predator in the Tropical Marine Environment: A Progress Report, S. H. GRUBER, RSMAS, University of Miami, FL 33149. Sharks are important members of most marine ecosystems yet virtually nothing is known of their role as a predator. Recent technical developments in laboratory maintenance, tagging and remote telemetry has made possible an integrated field and laboratory study of the autecology of the lemon shark, centering on bioenergetics, population dynamics and behavior. Bioenergetic studies are evaluating costs of both activity and food assimilation. Bomb calorimetry will provide a measure of energy content of food, excreta and whole animal. Through combination of direct observation, remote telemetry and field tagging, we are gathering information on patterns of movement, food and feeding rate, age and growth and survival rates of lemon sharks. Such data will provide an overall energy budget from which a flow of energy from environment to shark can be calculated. Supported by NSF Grant No. OCY-78-269-19. 4:00 pm BS:IPS 3. Food Intake of the Lemon Shark Negaprion brevirostris Under Controlled Conditions. M. LONGVAL, and R. WARNER. RSMAS and Dept. of Psychology, University of Miami, FL 33149. Food intake of the lemon shark was investigated to determine whether apparent hunger and satiation plays a role in their behavior. Lemon sharks (two males and two females) were placed under constant conditions | and given 45-minute feeding trials per day for 100 days. During a trial the sharks | were offered pre-weighed, 10 gram pieces of catfish filet and their ad libitum rate of feeding individually monitored. The average shark consumed 50.7 g per day (5065 g in 95 days) and gained 867.2 g. It thus converted 17.13% of its Fation into growth and storage. The remaining 82.9% was metabolized or excreted. An 8% increase in total length was also recorded. A time-series analysis of the intake data revealed peaks at 4 and 7 days. We suggest that the 4-day peak reflects an internally-mediated periodic variable. The 7-day peak is probably an experimental artifact. This differs from an earlier study which claimed 15-day periods of food intake. Supported by NSF Grant No. OCY-78-269-19 to S.G. . 4:15 pm BS:IPS-4 =a "Hypothalamic Feeding Area" in the Brains of Sharks and Teleosts LEO S. DEMSKI, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY | 40506, & Gulf Coast Research Laboratory, Ocean Springs, MS 39564. Recent findings in teleosts indicate that an area of the hypothalamus (dorsal or subglomerular part of the inferior lobe) is involved in the regulation of feeding. The results are based o 2xperiments utilizing brain stimulation, lesion and recording techniques. At least i | goldfish, neurons in this area are preferentially activated by olfactory and gustator input. Comparative anatomical studies suggest that a similar and probably homologous area is present in the shark hypothalamus and feeding activity has been elicited by electrical stimulation of this area in free-swimming nurse sharks. Thus, although the direct evidence in elasmobranchs is still meager, it seems likely that the shark inferior lobe is also involved in the control of feeding. The indication from studie in teleosts that this region is sensitive to olfactory stimuli is consistent with frequent observations that many sharks and teleosts can be strongly aroused to feed in response to certain chemical stimuli. 4:30 pm BS:IPS-5 Recent Advances in Studies of the Visual System of the Juvenile Lemon Shark (Negaprion brevirostris). ROBERT E. HUETER and S. H. GRUBER, Department of Zoology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 and RSMAS, University of Miami, FL 33149 Due to its phyletic position among the selachians, its relative abundarice in Florida coastal waters, and its uncommon adaptability to laboratory conditions, the juvenile lemon shark is an excellent model for studies of the sensory biology of the "typical" shark. My investigations of the physiological optics of this shark's eye have resulted in a mathematical model, or schematic eye, for the species. This optical model is centered around an ellipsoidal lens of high overall equivalent refractive index (1.664) and principal power (140 Diopters), and yet all data indicate these animals to be hypermetropic (far-sighted) by about 3 Diopters or more in seawater, with no evidence of accommodation. Using the schematic eye, optical limitations on spatial vision of this shark are predict- — able. In addition to discussing the optics, I will briefly review recent findings on the functional and anatomical organization of the retina, as well as psychophysical — measurements of absolute sensitivity, of the juvenile lemon shark. oh ane A | Florida Scientist 43 (Suppl.) iuales 1980 4245 pm BS:IPS-6 Sunmary of Research on Western North Atlantic Sharks conducted by the National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Center, Mia:ni Laboratory. LUIS R. RIVAS and DAVID McCLELLAN, NMFS-SEFC, 75 Virginia Beach Drive, Miami, FL 33149. A research project on sharks titled SHARK INVESTIGATIONS was initiated at the Miami Laboratory in late February, 1979. The purpose of this study is to provide a data base for the management of the shark fishery within the United States Fishery Conservation Zone along the Gulf and Atlantic seaboards. In addi- tion to the preparation of a field guide for shark identification, sampling at taxidermy shops and during shark tournaments has proceeded on a regular basis. A total of 964 specimens comprising 26 species has been sampled to date (December BG 1979). Results of this and other information obtained is presented. Monday 8:00 am Chemistry 101 Session C: PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY Frank E. Friedl, University of South Florida, presiding. §:00 am BS-17 Glycolytic enzymes of the Amphioxus, Branchiostoma caribaeum Sundevall. M. JEAN PARKS AND F. E. FRIEDL, Department of Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620. Whole body homogenates of amphioxi collected in Tampa Bay were prepared in tris buffer (pH 7.5) and centrifuged. Enzyme activities were determined on supernates by monitoring changes in absorbance of pyridine nucleotide coenzymes (NAD;NADP) in direct or coupled reactions held at 30°C. Reaction mixtures were buffered at pH 7.5 and tested for adequate reactivity. Duplicate assays on two enzyme sources were evaluated graphically to obtain enzyme activities. Hexokinase, aldolase, triosephosphate isomerase, glyceraldehyde-3- phosphate dehydrogenase, enolase, pyruvate kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase were Dre wage Ipyarent activities of 0.010, 05082 5°1.975, 0.563, 0.017, 0.041, and 0.068 micromoles/min/mg protein respectively. Thus major enzymatic components of the Embden—Meyerhof sequence are present and presumably capable of supporting classical glycolysis. Certain enzyme activity ratios, however, suggest that other metabolic patterns seen in some invertebrates may be operable. 8:15 am BS-18 Levels of Phosphorylase, Pyruvate Kinase, Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase, and Glutamate Dehydrogenase in Pyloric Caeca and Tube Feet of Luidia clathrata (Say) (Echinodermata: Asteroidea). WALTER J. DIEHL, III, Dept. of Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620. The specific activity was measured at pH 7.6, 25°€. Mean activity of phosphorylase was 0.035640.00368(SD) and 0.533+ 0.148 umoles/min per mg protein for pyloric caeca and tube feet, respectively (n=4). Mean activity of pyruvate kinase was 0.0289+0.007 and 0.0791+0.0132 umoles/min per mg for pyloric caeca and tube feet, respectively(n=5). Glucose-6-phosphate dehy- drogenase activity was less than 0.003 umoles/min per mg(n=5) in the pyloric caeca and was absent in the tube feet. No glutamate dehydrogenase was found in either tissue(n=5) and 2-D chromatography showed that glutamate and proline were both absent from the tissues. Podial tissue seems to be metabolically more active than pyloric caecal tissue. 8:30 am BS-19 Partial Characterization of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase from the brine shrimp Artemia salina. M. LANDAU, University of West Florida (current address: Dept. Ocaenography, F.1.T., Melbourne, Fla. 32901). The enzyme G-6-P deH was isolated in a protein fraction after the cysts were frozen and thawed in a buffer which was followed by precipitation with ammonium sulfate. The reaction rates were monitored spectrophotometrically by recording the reduction of the coenzyme. While NaCl and KCl were found to have no effect, magnesium and calcium cations were shown to stimulate the reaction, but sulfate, phosphate, and bicarbonate anions were inhibitory. NAD and NADP served equally well as electron acceptors. Florida Scientist 43 (Suppl.) 12s 1980 8:45 am BS-20 Effects of Precocene II on the hatching of two crustaceans. M. LANDAU, University of West Florida (current address: Dept. Ocean.; Fel.Tas Melbourne, Fla. 32901). The discovery of the antiallatotropic properties of the precocenes! has produced interests in these compounds as insecticides,hence may find their way into the coastal waters. Therefore, I decided to investigate what effect precocene II might have on the crustacea. Depending on the concentration tested, precocene II inhibited hatching, affected survival of the nauplii, or decresed the activity of the surviving Artemia salina. A relatively high concentration (100ppm) was necessary to prevent excystment. Relatively low concentrations (25-50ppb) were able to inhibit hatching of stage I Balanus eburneus eggs. Bowers et al., Science 193, 542. 9:00 am BS-21 Transamination in the freshwater bivalves Anodonta Couperiana and Popenaias Buckleyi. C. N. FALANY AND F. E. FRIEDL; University of South Plorwaae Tampa, FL 33620. The specificity of L-amino acid transamination with 2-oxoglutarate has been studied using digestive gland homogenates from Anodonta and Popenaias. Centrifugation, ammonium sulphate fractionation and dialysis were used to purify enzyme preparations for radiometric assays. With 14¢ labelled 2-oxoglutarate, relative rates and substrate specificities in Phosphate Buffer at pH 7.8 for 25-70% fractions from both clams were similar. Activity with ALA was highest in both clams, ASP reacting 84% as fast in Anodonta and 58% as fast in Popenaias (however, total ASP % activity appeared similar in both clams). Both also showed some activity with LEU, ILEU, and VAL and possible trace activity with ORN and TYR. Thus only 7 of 1/7 amino acids tested reacted to form glutamate. Although L-amino acid oxidase appears to be present only in Popenaias, both have glutamate dehydro- genase. Whether transamination functions with these enzymes to produce ammonia is not yet clear. 9:15 am BS-22 Temporal Regulation of Membrane Protein Synthesis in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. David Herrin, Allan Michaels, and Eileen Hickey, Dept. of Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620. Thylakoid membranes, isolated from synchronous, wild type cells following chloramphenicol treatment ( to prevent run-off of at- tached polysomes ), were added to an in vitro protein synthesizing system. Membranes isolated during the light period of the cell cycle stimulated the in vitro system 2.5-4 fold. Profiles of the polypep- tides synthesized by membranes isolated at different points in the light were similar, except for a Mr 29000 species. In vivo labeling of synchronous cells with 3H-argenine gave similar results. We con- clude that some thylakoid membrane proteins are synthesized on mem- brane-bound ribosomes and their synthesis is temporally regulated in Synchronous cell cultures. Supported by NSF grant No. PCM 77-14695. 9:30-9:45 am BREAK) 9:45 am BS-23 Partial Purification of a Species Specific Autolysine from Gametes of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. John Tamkun and Allan Michaels, Dept. of Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Fl 33620. Reproduction of the alga Chlamydomonas can require fusion of two distinct mating types. Prior to copulation, the cell wall of the alga is digested by an enzyme secreated into the medium. The resulting protoplasts then fuse to form zygotes. The enzyme is a species specific autolysine. We have measured the kinetics of crude enzyme preparations. The assay correlate the release of cell wall carbohydrate with time. We have also correlated carbohydrate release with susceptibility of generated protoplasts to lysis in the presence of a detergent. The enzyme was partially purified by 50-75% ammonium sulf- ate fractionation, This resulted in a thirty fold increase in specific activity. Florida Scientist 43 (Suppl.) Ste 1980 Activity was also recovered from a BioGel A-1.5 column. The purified fractions were electrophoresed on SDS-PAGE. There were three bands of protein My greater than 130,000 daltons. All of the proteins were PAS positive. This enzyme represents a unique opportunity to study the timed protein secreation in an algal life cycle. 10:00 am BS-24 Carbohydrases of the pyloric caeca of Oreaster reticulatus -(L.) (Echinodermata: Asteroidea). ROBERT E. SCHEIBLING. Marine Sciences Centre, McGill Univ., Montreal, Canada. Extracts of the pyloric caeca of Oreaster reticulatus were incubated with nine different carbohydrates and enzymatic activity was quantified as reducing sugar formation. Oligosaccharides (sucrose, trehalose) and reserve polysaccharides (amylose, laminarin) were readily hydrolyzed, while structural (native cellulose, alginate) and mucilaginous polysaccharides (agar, carrageenan) were refractory. The hydrolysis of carboxy- methyl cellulose was demonstrated by viscometric and by reducing sugar methods. The ecanponydrase spectrum-of O. reticulatus reflects its capacity to.utilize plant material as a food source. 10:15 am BS-25 The Effect of Structure and Nutritional Value of Food Plants on Food Preference and Growth of some Florida Sacoglossans. KATHE R. JENSEN, Dept. Bio. Sci., FIT, Melbourne, FL 32901. Sacoglossans are suctorial herbivores feeding on cell sap of algae or seagrasses. Their specialized radula and pharynx probably limit sacoglossans to feeding on plants of a specific structure. It is the aim of this study to investigate the importance of structure and caloric content of food plants on food preference and growth. In species feeding on filamentous algae there is a correlation between filament diameter of preferred food and width of the foot of the sacoglossan. In species feeding on planar food items it is not so clear what factors determine food preference, but cell Cor, wie clea sien. calter— fication and thickness of cell walls seem to be important. In most species with a pronounced food preference, growth is most rapid on the preferred food. This is often, but not always, the food item with the highest caloric value. 10:30 am BS-26 The Hydrogen Ion Induced Calcium Efflux from Liver mereeneraria. T.L: CORNWELL, J.O. TSOKOS, and G. VLASUK. University geesentn Fiorida, ~"Lampa, /F1l.° 33620. The addition of H+ induces an efflux of Ca from rat liver mitochondria. The efflux is,gependent upon the incubation pH, the amount of intramitochondrial Ca, and the uptake of inorganic phosphate. Acetate does not replace the phosphate. Rutheni red, an inhibitor of calcium uptake, does not inhibit the Ca efflux, thus it does t appear Pe Me a teversal of the calcium uptake uniport. The Ca efflux exhibits sigmoidal saturation kenetics with a Hill coefficient of fee ae 90 C and pH= 7.2, indicating positive coopertivity. 10:45 am BS-27 Some Photosynthetic Characteristics of Seagrasses. WILLIAM C. ASPDEN AND GARY N. WELLS, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Fla. 32901. a ah i of Boe cet ne enzymes and products of short term photo- synthesis were studied in the seagrasses Halophila engelmannii, Halodule wrightii, and syringodium filiforme to determine the photosynthetic pathway of these sea- grasses. Ribulose diphosphate carboxylase was found to be the major C02 fixing enzyme, characteristic of C3 photosynthesis. Activities of 30.0 uwmoles C02/mg Chi./hr. in H. wrightii and S. filiforme and 22.0 umoles CO2/mg Chl./hr. in H. engelmannii were found for this enzyme. The activity of phosphoenolpyruvate — carboxylase was never found to be higher than 14.5 umoles C02/mg Chl./hr. in any of the three seagrasses. No activity of NADP dependent malate dehydrogenase was found in the seagrasses while activity of aspartate amino-transferase was found to _ be characteristic of C3 photosynthesis in H. engelmannii. Early labeled products of photosynthesis in the seagrasses also resemble C3 photosynthesis providing Support for classifying these seagrasses as C3 plants. Florida Scientist 43 (Suppl.) 14. 1980 11:00 am Business Meeting, Biological Sciences Section, Chemistry 101. 1:00 pm General Session, Engineering Auditorium Monday 8:00 am Chemistry 105 Session D: NON-VASCULAR PLANTS Harold J. Humm, University of South Florida, presiding. 8:00 am BS-28 Dinoflagellate Cysts from Florida Inshore Sediments. LINDA M. WALKER, Fla. Dep. Nat. Resour. Mar. Res. Lab., 16% 8th Avenue S.E., St. Petersburg, FL 33701. As part of an investigation into the life histories of two Florida toxic dinoflagellate species, Ptychodiscus brevis and Gonyaulax monilata, thirty-six Sediment samples from west coast Florida inshore waters and the Indian River were examined for cyst stages. Forty-nine of 66 cyst types were isolated for incubation. Twenty-eight individual cysts, representing eight dinoflagellate species in 5 genera, excysted after 1-14 days incubation. Excystment of G. monilata cysts, isolated from Tampa Bay, confirmed the sexual cycle and cyst formation observed in laboratory cultures. The need for further research into factors controlling encystment and excystment are discussed. 8:15 am BS=29 Dinoflagellate Cysts From The Indian River, Florida. P. J. DONNELLY AND D. R. NORRIS. Devt. of Oceanography and Ocean Engineering, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901. Dormant cysts (hypnozygotes) of sev- eral dinoflagellate species were collected from both the water column and the sedi- ments of the Indian River over a 12 month period. Cysts were aseptically isolated from samples and cultured in enriched seawater medium. Gonyaulax monilata, Pyro- phacus horologium, Polykrikos hartmannii, Fragilidium heterolobum, Fragilidium sp. and Cochlodinium sp. all excysted in culture between 24 and 48 hours of isolation from morphologically similar cysts. The excysted motile forms of the above species were induced to reencyst in those cultures allowed to become nutritionally depleted. None of the cultures exhibited logarithmic growth but G. monilata and Cochlodinium sp. were found to produce catenate motile forms in culture. Cysts of the above species remained viable through changes in salinity and temperature where motile forms did not. , | 8:30 am BS-30 The Ecology of Batophora oerstedi (Chlorophyceae: Dasycladales): Productivity and Seasonal Periodicity, DOUGLAS MORRISON Dept. of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124, Batophora oerstedi, a tropical macroalga’ occurring in a wide range of marine habitats in south Florida, is most prominent in the shallow, sheltered hard bottom communities of the Florida Keys. Productivity and abundance were measured at two sites in Florida Bay off Key Largo. During the summer, Batophora was the most abundant macrophyte, In winter, Batophora abundance was greatly reduced, with Laurencia the dominant macrophyte. Net photosynthesis (Pn) also varied seasonally, with highest rates in August and early September and lowest rates from January to March. Pn was positively correlated with temperature, but independent of light intensity. Respiration was relatively constant through most of the year, except when Batophora was maximally repro- ductive (October to mid-December) when rates were elevated, ye Florida Scientist 43 (Suppl.) 15. 1980 8:45 am BS-31 Growth rates of Ulva rigida, a newly recorded species in Florida. DAVID J. KELLEY, Uneversity of South Florida, 830 Firtst St.S., St. Pete—- rsburg, FL 33701. Algal taxonomic collections in the Tampa Bay area have shown that Ulva rigida C. Agardh is present year round on rock and shell substrates. Populations of Ulva rigida are most evident during the period November to April. Insitu growth studies during the months of February thru April indicate 400-600% growth increases in seven days. 9:00 am BS-32 A Study of the Benthic Flora Along the Sunshine Skyway, Tampa Bay. IRA A. LEVINE, Department of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Peters- burg, FL, 33701. In a year-long ecological study of the benthic plants along the Sunshine Skyway, lower Tampa Bay, for the Florida Department of Transportation, a comparison of biomass between the seagrasses and the benthic marine algae was made. The standing crop of representative stands of Halodule, Thalassia, and Syringodium was determined to be 334 g dry/m?, 396 g dry/m2, and 328 g dry/m2 respectively and of the epiphytic algae on each species of seagrass to be 12 g dry /m2, 8g dry/m2, and 17 g dry/m2 respectively. Epilithic algae standing stock was determined to be 313 g dry/m2. Seagrass leaf density and leaf lengths were also determined. 9:15 am BS-33 Observations on the Floristics and Seasonality of Seagrass Epiphytes in a Florida Coastal Lagoon. MARGARET 0. HALL and N.J. EISEMAN, Harbor Branch Foundation, Ft. Pierce, FL 33450. A seasonal study of the algae epiphytic on the seagrasses Halodule wrightii, Syringodium filiforme, and Thalassia testudinum was conducted in the Indian River, Florida to determine their floristics, phenology and community structure. Monthly collections were made at three stations and bimonthly collections were made at two stations from December 1977 through December 1978. Forty-one species of epiphytic algae were recorded: 4 Cyanophyta, 10 Chlorophyta, 10 Phaeophyta, and 17 Rhodophyta. The maximum number of species present at one collection was 23, and the minimum number present was 0. Epiphytes were generally most abundant during January and February and least abundant during the summer. 9:30-9:45 am BREAK Monday 9:45 am Chemistry 105 Session E: INVERTEBRATES 2 Harold J. Humm, University of South Florida, presiding. 9:45 am BS-34 Disc Autotomy in Brittlestars: Predator-Avoidance Mechanism? Bicusep Le TURNER. Dept. Biol._Sci.,.Fla., Inst.. Technol:,. Melbourne,. FL. 32901. Several species of brittlestar autotomize and regenerate their discs in the field. The function of autotomy has not been studied. To test the hypothesis that disc autotomy is a predator-avoidance mechanism, I examined gut contents of the shallow- water stingrays Dasyatis sabina and D. sayi from seagrass (Halodule) beds of the Indian River lagoon. 29 discs (probably Ophiophragmus filograneus) were found in 6 of 16 guts. Although many discs seemed recently ingested, no brittlestar arms or oral frames were found. In the laboratory, brittlestars with discs artificially removed were found to burrow in half the time of whole animals (P < .01). If brittlestars autotomize in response to stingray mucus, disturbance of the sub- stratum, or other factors, they might then burrow deeper or horizontally in the sub- stratum and avoid predation. The assistance of D. A. Bruzek, K. C. Cook, L. J. Ensminger, and C. M. Sanchez is appreciated. Supported by NSF grant SER77-06567. Florida Scientist 43 (Suppl.) Le’ 1980 10:00 am BS-35 Growth of Juvenile Luidia Clathrata Maintained in the Laboratory, P. F. Dehn, Biology, Univ. South Florida, Tampa, Fl. 33620. Approximately 60 juven- iles supplied by the Environmental Quality Lab., Inc. in Port Charlotte were main= tained in the laboratory under controlled conditions and fed an ad libitum diet of Donax sp. for 10 months. Faben's computerized program for fitting the Von Bertalan-= affy growth curve was modified to calcute the growth curve equations for leneeh aa millimeters and age in years, 1 = 69.2(1-0.9251 e707 962t) » and wet weight in grams and age in years, |, [ae 310 sles ee Asymptotic size was computed as 69 mm and 31 g. Maximal size of field animals was 90 mm and 30 g. The growth constants were used to calculate the physiological eee The anabolic and catabolic con- stants and size at birth were 1.024 x 10¢m /mg2/ 3yr, 2.886mg/mg yr, and 1.32mm re- spectively for length and 1.04 x 10 ee oe 3.33mg/me yr, and 1.32 te respeene ively for wet weight. 10:15 am BS-36 The daily activity pattern of Luidia clathrata (Say) (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) in Tampa Bay. JAMES B. MCCLINTOCK. Dept. of Biology, Univ. of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620. Luidia clathrata exhibited one peak of activity which occurred at dusk. Although some individuals were active or inactive at any time, a sharp increase in number of active individuals occurred at 1900 hours, followed by 4 gradual decline to minimal levels of activity at 0400 hours. It is not known whether this diurnal activity pattern is caused by activity patterns of prey or predators, although the former is unlikely as Luidia clathrata preys on infauna. 10:30 am BS-37 Histological Structure of the Pyloric Caeca of Luidia Clathwaam (Asteroidea). T. S. KLINGER and P. F. DEHN, Biology, University of South Floridas Tampa, Fl. 33620. The pyloric caeca of Luidia clathrata consist of a typical set of tissue layers. There is an outer visceral peritoneum made of cuboidal cells, which is underlain by a layer of slender fibers representing both circular and longitudinal muscles. A layer of connective tissue, which varies in thickness being thinnest at the ends of the outer ridges and thickest in the inner folds, follows the muscle layer. This connective tissue layer forms the basement mem- brane for the lining epithelium. This innermost layer,(the lining epithelium) exhibits the most histological diversity. There are four basic cell types: mucus gland cells, secretory cells, storage. célls, and current producing»celmer 10:45 am BS-38 The effect of arm loss on feeding and growth rates in Luidia clathrata (Echinodermata: Asteroidea). ALICIA S. SLATER<& JOHNS LAWRENCE. Dept. of Biology, Univ. of South Florida, Tampa, LF 33620. Individuals with two or three arms removed were less able to capture infaunal prey, When fed controlled diets, the growth rates of intact arms of individuals with regenerating arms were less than those of individuals without regenerating arms. The sizes of the pyloric caeca in intact arms of either group were not different. Growth rates of regenerating and nonregenerating arms were independ- ent of the number of arms lost. Individuals which lose arms in the field would have a decreased ability to obtain prey and would have to divert food resources from growth to regeneration. 11:00 am Business Meeting, Biological Sciences Section, Chemistry 101. 1:00 pm General Session, Engineering Auditorium Florida Scientist 43 (Suppl.) ars 1980 Monday 2:30 pm Chemistry 101 Session F: ECOLOGY 1 Norman J. Blake, University of South Florida, presiding. 2:30 pm BS-39 Pollen and Peat Stratigraphy of the Bayhead Forest Peats at Little Salt Spring Archeological Site (8 So 18). JAN BROWN AND A.D. COHEN, Dept. of Geol., weer Gor., Cola: SC 29208. Little Salt Spring,.is aykarstic-lake near, North Port, FL, that forms the focus for PaleoIndian and Archaic period archeological sites. A broadleaf evergreen forest surrounds the spring with sabal palm, red bay, live oak, and hollies as dominant trees. Parts of this forest grow upon deep (1.5m) peats whose pollen and other microfossil content allowed an interpretation of its vegetational history. Underlying calcareous marls were barren of pollen. Pollen and petrographic analyses of the peats, which began deposition ~ 8500 BP (Gs tyEs).. show changes in vegetation, preservation, and occurrence of fires. The initial peat-forming environment consisted of a willow, fern and sedge dominated community with abundant charcoal fragments. The site later supported a woody-dominated plant community that succeeded to the modern bayhead forest. During this period signifi- cant changes in fern species and abundance, and abundance of charcoal indicate a undirectional (occasionally drought or fire-disturbed) vegetational succession. 2:45 pm BS-40 Natural and Management-Related Variability in Cypress Dome Ecosystems. KATHERINE C. MAROIS AND KATHERINE C. EWEL, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, Univ. of Fla., Gainesville, FL 32611. Variation in structure and function of cypress domes may be caused by management activities in surrounding pine plantations. Vegetation composition may be altered considerably by construction of berms, which decreases hydroperiod and encourages invasion of more mesic species. The effects of ditch construction and cypress tree removal are less dramatic. Natural variability in cypress dome ecosystems will be discussed. 3:00 pm BS-41 Relative Ground Elevations of Vegetation Communities in the Big Cypress National Preserve, Collier Co. LANCE GUNDERSON, South Florida Research Center Everglades National Park, PO Box 279, Homestead, FL 33030. Vegetation was inventoried within 100 m® of surveyed benchmarks along transects placed through representative vegetation communities within the Preserve. Relative dominance and density of spe- cies was correlated to median transect elevation. Mixed swamp forests are on the lowest (-59 to O cm below the median) sites and are dominated by Taxodium distichun, with midecanopy species:Fraxinus caroliniana, Annona glabra, Persea palustris and Salix caroliniana. Cypress prairies, Taxodium ascendens with an herbaceous under- story, are found on elevations within + 10 cm of the median, as are wet prairies dominated by Muhlenbergia filipes. Pine forests, Pinus elliottii var. densa,with an understory of Sabal palmetto and Serenoa repens, occur at elevations O to 30 cm above the median. Mixed hardwood hammocks, dominated by Quercus laurifolia or mixed tropical species, are on the highest sites (30 to 50 cm above the median). 3:15 pm BS-42 Determination of Vegetation-Hydroperiod-Soil Relationships in Taylor Slough, Everglades National Park. I. OLMSTED AND L. L. LOOPE, P.O. Box 279, Homestead, FL 33030. The Taylor Slough watershed is vulnerable to modifications in water flow. Baseline documentation of vegetation has been carried out and related to the environmental gradient of annual inundation (hydroperiod) and soils, utilizing a quantitative/qualitative survey-transect method. Taylor Slough, the second largest drainage of ENP, has been modified by adjacent drainage canals constructed during the past 15 years. A pumping station, presently under construction, will deliver water artificially from an adjacent canal which will increase Florida Scientist 43 (Suppl.) 1s. 1980 hy droperiods locally in the slough. We mapped the major plant communities in the slough from infrared aerial photography and groundtruth. Transects were placed at intervals across the slough and across various tree islands in the slough. Elevation and soil depth were determined and hydroperiods calculated for sampling sites. For the vegetation analysis, permanent plots were established along the transect in the Muhlenbergia Prairie and the Sparse Sawgrass Marsh. Plant cover, density and frequency were recorded and will be monitored again at regular intervals. 3:30 pm BREAK 3:45 pm BS-43 An Energy and Ecological Analysis of a Residential Landscape. JOHN H. PARKER, Physical Science Dept., Florida Interna- Eiomal Unaversci hy, Maama, Fish so) h9 98 A number of recent studies suggest the use of vegetative landscaping to reduce heat gain by a residential structure, thereby significantly reducing the energy used EOD att "Condi Elo ning < In order to determine overall energy savings, energy consumed in maintaining the residential landscape should be considered. This study has included an energy flow analysis of @2 residential landscape in a manner similar to that typically done on natural ecosystems. In particular, energy inputs and flows involved in the purchase, installation and maintenance of various combinations of lawn, shrubs and trees have been analyzed. This analysis, along with calculated investment ratios indicate which landscape designs and practices will minimize fossil fuel inputs, best utilize natura energy flows and minimize negative ecological impacts. 4:00 pm BS-44 Potential artificial reefs created by the presence of Ocean Ther- mal Energy Conversion (OTEC) plants. ANITRA THORHAUG AND JEFFRY H. MARCUS. Florida International University, Tamiami Campus, Miami, FL 33199. It is likely that organ- isms (attached algae, coral, invertebrates and browsing fish) will be attracted to and/or attach to Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) structures creating an arti- ficial reef. Growth-promoting substances such as nitrogen and phosphate, heat and increased lighting could create an area of fertility surrounding the plant which would enhance the productivity of such a reef. A literature survey has been undertaken to assemble available information on co- lonization of existing structures submerged in localities similar to those proposed for OTEC, e.g., oil platforms, buoys, light ships and: long ocean’ pxegs, Information is also being gathered on major attached organisms, e.g., their bio- logical mass and colonization rate, at the Mini-OTEC and OTEC-1 sites in Hawaii and also at proposed sites such as Tampa, Puerto Rico and Miami. 4:15 pm BS-45 Production and Decomposition in an Impounded Black Mangrove Forest. CHARLES M. COURTNEY, Marco Applied Marine Ecology Station, 990 N. Barfield Drive, Marco Island, FL 33937. The piysaige graphy and zonation of mangroves leading inland from a southwest Flor- ida backwater bay to a monotypic impounded Avicennia nitida forest are described. A linear relationship between total litterfall and tree trunk diameter was developed for a representative group of trees. Total litterfall within the impoundment averaged 2.2 gm7 day-*+ over an an- nual cycle with leaves, twigs, and flowers and fruits making up 123% 21% and 7% of the total, respectively. Litterbag experimenes showed that 40% and 50% of the initial leaf dry weight was lost in the first ten weeks under wet (impounded) and dry conditions, respectively. Dry or infrequently submerged leaves were totally decomposed in 7-10 months, but the decomposition of impounded leaves was arrested at ap- proximately the 80% level after 8 months. Florida Scientist 43 (Suppl.) Se 1980 Monday 2:30 pm Chemistry 105 Session G: INVERTEBRATES 3. Richard L. Turner, Florida Institute of Technology, presiding. 2:30 pm BS-46 Thraustochytriaceae (Myxomycota) in the Guts of Echinoids (Echinodermata). WENDY R. DUNCAN and D. WAGNER-MERNER, University of South Florida, Dept. of Biology, Tampa, FL 33620. The presence of Thraustochytriaceae in the gut contents of echinoids from southern Florida was determined by indirect pollen baiting techniques. The possible Significance of these fungi in terms of the nutrition of the echinoid and in detrital food chains will be discussed. 2:45 pm BS-47 Gut Restoration during Regeneration of the Disc of a Brittle- star. BILLIE K. BROWN, Fla. Inst. Technol., Melbourne, FL 32901. Field populations of Ophiophragmus filograneus autotomize and regenerate the disc integument and viscera. Disc regeneration was studied in the laboratory to determine when the gut apparently regains function. Gross morphology, histology and enzyme activity were studied up to 2 wk after artificial removal of the disc and in untreated animals. By 2 wk, the gut was restored to a blind sac with developing interradial pouches. The gut wall had the multiple layers of the normal organ and 2 of the 4 normal cell -types of the gut epithelium. Activity was detected for 6 of the 7 enzymes assayed. Return of gut function early in regeneration might provide energy and nutrients for maintenance and further regeneration. Supported by NSF grant SER 77-06567 and an inhouse grant from FIT. 3:00 pm BS-48 Distribution, Abundance and Growth of Commercially Important Sponges within South Biscayne Bay, Dade County, Florida. JAMES T. TILMANT and RICHARD D. CONANT, JR., Biscayne National Monument, P.O. Box 1369, Homestead, FL. 33030. Investigations of four commercially important sponges; Spongia babara, S. cheiris, S. graminea and Hippiospongia lachne at 73 grid sites within south Biscayne Bay and adjoining waters revealed commercial sponge densities of 4,300 fish tagged; 14.7% x return rate). Preliminary analyses indicate that snook in this area constitute a small, heavily exploited sub-population. These fish are non-migratory (90% recaptured within 10 mi), but do make annual movements from estuarine and fresh waters to open Gulf beaches and nearshore waters during the summer spawning season. 8:15 am BS-70 Patterns of Seasonality and Relative Abundance of Fishes in Eastern Tampa Bay. GARY S. COMP, Mote Marine Laboratory, 1600 City Island Park, Sarasota, Florida 33577. A total of 61,272 fishes (56 species) were collected monthly by seine between January 1976 and March 1977. Samples were collected at three open bay and three protected stations along a section of the eastern shore of Tampa Bay. Fishes were most abundant (76.3%) at the protected stations throughout the sampling period. Juvenile specimens were most abundant at the protected stations which indicated the importance of these stations as nursery areas. The relative abundance of fishes at the sampling sites was governed by the spawning activity of the indigenous fauna and the seasonal movement of transient (migratory) species. Seasonal trends of the most abundant species are discussed as is the importance of the interpretation of these trends in relation to environmental assessment. The study was funded by Tampa Electric Company and administered by Conservation Consultants, Incorporated. 8:30 am BS-71 Feeding Ecology of Two Sympatric Species of Notropis (Pisces: Cyprinidae) from the Hillsborough River. JAN JEFFREY HOOVER, Department of Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620. Collections of N. petersoni and N. hypselopterus from the Hillsborough River were made during the periods August 1973-May 1974 and April 1978-June 1979, in order to ascertain the feeding habits of the two species. Both fish fed on aufwuchs, with the dominant food items represented by diatoms, Closterium, rotifers, pelecypods, crustaceans, and aquatic insects. The consumption of adult chironomids indicated that N. hypselopterus, and to a lesser extent, the smaller stages of N. petersoni, had greater accessibility to these insects than did the larger individuals of N. petersoni occurring deeper in the water column. Horn's Coefficient of Dietary Overlap was calculated between the two species and was often in excess of .60, but during both sampling periods exhibited autumn and early winter depressions when overlap was comparatively low (.01 - .31). 8:45 am BS-72_ Seasonal distribution and relative abundance of ichthyoplankton in lower Hillsborough Bay, Florida. T. DUANE PHILLIPS, Mote Marine Laboratory, 1600 City Island Park, Sarasota, FL 33577. Ichthyoplankton was collected at ten stations in lower Hillsborough Bay from January 1976 through March 1977. Forty one species of larvae representing twenty two families and eggs representing twelve families were identified and counted. Engraulid larvae, primarily those of Anchoa mitchilli and A. hepsetus constituted 87% of all larvae collected. Eggs of the Engraulids and Sciaenids accounted for 73% and 26% respectively, of all eggs collected. Eggs and larvae were collected during all months of the study. Ichthyoplankton was most abundant between March and October with a noticeable decline in numbers in the middle of the summer and only low numbers were collected through the winter months. Engraulids and sciaenids were dominant during spring and summer and were replaced in the winter by larvae of Brevoortia sp., Gobiesox strumosus, H soblennius hentzi and several species of gobies. This study was funded by Tampa Risctric Co. and administered by Conservation Consultants, Inc. Florida Scientist 43 (Suppl.) 26. 1980 9:00 am BS-73 Preliminary Results of Laboratory Maintenance, Induced Sexual Re- versal, and Sexual Maturation of the Protogynous Grouper, Mycteroperca microlepis. DANIEL E. ROBERTS, JR., Fla. Dep. Nat. Resour. Mar. Res. Lab,, 100 8th Avenue S.E., St. Petersburg, FL 33701. Experimental observations indicate the grouper Myctero- perca microlepis is suitable for laboratory studies of sex reversal, induced sexual maturation, and spawning. Techniques are described for capture, transport and lab- oratory maintenance. Four female grouper (x = 593.5 mm SL: Age = 4+ yrs) with oocytes in the perinucleolus and early yolk vesicle stages of maturation were sub- jected to artificial conditions of photoperiod and temperature and oral. application of 17 a Methyltestosterone for 120 days. After 60 days oviducts in all test fish were occluded; fin coloration deepened to irridescent blue black. After 120 days marbled color patterns were observed on the underbodies of two test fish, Control fish retained original coloration with no occlusion of oviducts. Effects of exo- genous and endogenous stimuli on gametogenesis and sex reversal of this species are discussed in relation to ongoing experiments. 9:15 am BS-74 Occurrence of the parasite, Lironeca ovalis (Isopoda: Cymothoidae) on the fishes of McKay Bay, Tampa Bay System, Fl. W. WAYNE PRICE AND RAYMOND A. SCHLUETER, University of Tampa, Tampa, Fl. 33606. The isopod parasite, Lironeca ovalis, infested the gill cavities of 7 of 30 species of fish taken in biweekly seine collec- tions from May 1977 to August 1978 in McKay Bay. The pinfish, Lag- odon rhomboides, had the highest incidence rate (1h.4%) followed by Cyprinodon variegatus, Fundulus similis, Sciaenops ocellata, Leios- omus xanthurus, F oridicthys carpio and ulus grandis (each<1%). Fish were infested from May-August only and incidence rates were highest in May dnd June for most species. Only female L. ovalis infested L. rhomboides and were most common on juveniles between 30-60mm(SL). Over 50% of the females were ovi- gerous and carried 15 to 76 eggs/young per brood. 9:30 am BS-75 The Effect of Water Temperature and Winter Air Temperature on the Springtime Migrations of King Mackerel in the Vicinity of Tampa Bay,.Florida, ROY Q WILLIAMS AND R,G. TAYLOR, Fla. Dep. Nat. Resour. Mar. Res, Lab., 100 8th Avenue S.E. St, Petersburg, FL 33701. This paper reviews the springtime migrations of the king mackerel, Scomberomorus cavalla, in the vicinity of Tampa Bay, Florida during each of the past twenty years and demonstrates that their date of first appearance is directly dependent on offshore water temperature (min. 20°C) and indirectly on prevailing air temperatures during the previous winter. The springtime arrival date of king mackerel to the Tampa Bay area was established by reviewing daily newspaper recreational fishing columns. Offshore water temperatures were ‘compiled from various sources and are available for twelve of the past twenty years. Air tempera- tures for Tampa, Florida were available from annual summaries of the U.S. National Weather Service, 9:45-10:00 am BREAK 10:00 am BS-76 Thermal Preferenda of Ecologically Similar Water Snakes. MARY G. WALLEY, Department of Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620. The thermal ranges of three species of sympatric water snakes, Nerodia rhombifera, N. cyclopion, and N. fasciata are measured as laboratory temperature preferenda. Nerodia cyclopion has the lowest preferred body temperature (25.2°C) and is a rela- tively stenothermal water snake. Nerodia rhombifera and N. fasciata have preferred body temperatures of 27.3°C and 27.1°9C, respectively. Nerodia rhombifera and N. fasciata have the greatest overlap in overall, seasonal and daily thermal ranges (60-84%). Nerodia cyclopion and N. rhombifera generally have the least overlap (33%). They are the two most ecologically similar congeners, showing considerable overlap on the food and microhabitat axes. However, as indicated by differences Florida Scientist 43 (Suppl.) 2 « 1980 in thermal preferenda, they demonstrate the least amount of overlap of the time resource. The partitioning of the time resource by these two ecologically similar species may be a mechanism that reduces interference competition. 10:15 am BS-77 The Female Reproductive Cycle of Sternotherus odoratus in Central Florida. DENA T. GROSS, Department of Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620. The female reproductive cycle of Sternotherus odoratus in Lake Conway, Orange Co., Florida was studied from July 1977 to December 1979, At this locality S. odoratus are seasonal multiple nesters with small clutch sizes, Follicular enlargement begins in December and continues through August. Gravid individuals are found from February through September and corpora lutea are present through November. An ovarian quiescent stage runs from September through November, Some individuals lay at least four clutches per season, Maximum clutch size is two. The smallest female in reproductive condition measured 63mm in carapace length, (Sponsored by the U.S. Army Corps, Waterways Experiment Station,) 10:30 am BS-78 Marine Turtle Nesting in North Brevard County, Florida, in 1979. L. M. EHRHART, Univ. of Central Florida, Box 25000, Orlando, FL 32816. A survey of marine turtle nesting on the beaches of the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Ken- nedy Space Center, Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge and Canaveral National Seashore was carried out from 23 May to 28 August, 1979. Of the 859 turtles en- countered, 847 (98.6%) were Atlantic loggerheads, Caretta caretta, and 12 (1.4%) were Atlantic green turtles, Chelonia mydas. A total of 1846 loggerhead nesting emergences was recorded on 44 km of beach. Interpolation of additional nesting emergences brought the estimated total to 2384. Loggerhead nesting density was greatest in the 10 km stretch immediately north of the easterly tip of Cape Cana- veral in the Cape Canaveral AFS. Green turtle nesting was concentrated in the most remote and undisturbed section, near the Volusia County line. Eighteen green turtle nesting emergences were documented. Thirty-six of the loggerheads and three of the green turtles had been tagged in previous years. Research supported by Florida Dept. of Natural Resources, NASA Contract No. NAS 10-8986 and USFWS. 10:45 am BS-79 The Sense of Taste in the West Indian Manatee, Trichechus manatus. SANDRA K. BARRETT. Biology and Living Resources, R.S.M.A.S., 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy., Miami, FL. 33149. Taste buds have been found in grooves in the posterior dorsum. of the tongue of the manatee. These have a typical appearance with light mi- croscopy, possessing light and dark cells and clear taste pores. Leading into the grooves are both serous and mucus secretory ducts. The occurence of mucus ducts be- tween the tongue surface and taste buds raises questions as to how the taste stimu- lus can reach the receptor. Structures were also found in the dorsal pharynx above the epiglottis that appear to be taste receptors. Manatees distinguish between ve- getation types (as herbivores) and show much mouthing in social contact (sexual and parental), possibly utilizing taste stimuli. Sensory incapacitation from contact with herbicides or contamination of aquatic vegetation by oil could disrupt the be- havioral functions of manatee taste receptors. 11:00 am BS-80 The History of Occurence of the Florida Manatee in Brevard County. KY OSTERGAARD, JOHN TIEDEMANN AND DIANE BARILE. Department of Ocean- ography, Florida Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 1150, Melbourne, FL 32901. Presently, Brevard County is the home for over 1/3 of the United States pop- ulation of Trichechus manatus. Current literature suggests changes in the availability of viable manatee habitat with the increase in development in the Space Coast area. An extensive survey network coordinating aerial, boat, and ground survey methods was utilized in studying manatee distribution, behavior, and habitat description. Contributing factors to the current mortality rate will be discussed. Two years of survey data will be used in providing recom- mendations for management of manatee habitat in Brevard County. Florida Scientist 43 (Suppl.) 28. 1980 11:15 am BS-81 Movements, Home Range Determination and Habitat Utilization of Feral Swine in a Subtropical Environment. JOHN MORRIS and D. POFFENBERGER. Fla. Inst. Tech., Dept. Bio. Sci., Melbourne, Fla. 32901. Movements, home range and habitat utilization of feral hogs on Merritt Island Wildlife Refuge were investigated by radiotelemetry and resighting of marked individuals. Daily movements were con- trolled primarily by ambient temperature resulting in a nocturnal activity pattern. The average diurnal to nocturnal movement ratio was (D:N=0.84). The nocturnal activity pattern was most pronounced during periods of highest ambient temperature. Habitat utilization exhibited seasonal shifts with the moist and open habitats being occupied in the summer and fall (flatwoods 33%, oak association 8%, willow asso- ciation 30%), and the closed habitats being occupied during the winter and spring (palm-oak-wax myrtle hammocks 75%). The average home range size was 0.5 square | miles (128 hectares). The size of the home range did not differ significantly for | males and females. | 11:30 am BS-82 Reproductive ecology and behavior of the Florida feral hog, Sus scrofa, DEBORAH K. STRAND AND J.D. MORRIS, F.1I.T., Melbourne, ~ FL 32901, Two immunological pregnancy tests using anti-HCG were test- ed as field methods for detecting feral hog pregnancy. Reproductive tracts from feral sows were examined for pregnancy and serum samples were tested for HCG. Serum was also obtained from domestic pregnant and nonpregnant hogs, Capture and recapture data for 145 hogs captured during an 8 month period and 87 hogs captured during a 15 month period were used to calculate number of litters farrowed per year per sow; peak farrowing seasons; mean litter sizes for a litter during ovulation, gestation, suckling, and weaning; and reproductive age classes, Feral sow-piglet units were observed a total of 60 hours in four hour obser- vation periods, A time budget of piglet activity patterns and sow-- piglet interactions were made for litters six hours to 96 days old, The composition and frequency of free ranging groups was noted, 11:45 am BS-83 Computerized Animal Behavior for Zoos? BARBARA E. ROTHSTEIN AND V. KISLING, Crandon Park Zoo, 4000 Crandon Blvd. Miami, FL 33149. Modern zoos are not just parks for animals, but are also establishments for the breeding of en- dangered animals and for studying the behavior of these animals. One of the many | problems of a large zoo is how to record and store information on the behavior of an | animal or group of animals in an easily accessible and useful form. This study was | _undertaken to devise a form which could be easily understood and accurately record- : ed by even transient zoo keepers. This: could provide, of course, useful information — for behavioral studies. By using computer programs one might be able to test peri- odically for behavioral changes in an animal or group of animals which could lead to the early detection of social problems within a group of captive animals, or even the early detection of a developing health problem. Our thanks to the staff and administration of the zoo for their help. 12:00 pm Open House, Museum of Science and Industry EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCES (Physics and Astronomy, Atmospheric and Oceanographic Sections Conjoined) Monday 8:45 am Chemistry 201 Duncan Ross, National Ocean. and Atmospheric Administration, presiding Florida Scientist 43 (Suppl.) 29~ 1980 8:45 am EPS-1 Location of Hurricane Centers by Least Squares. H.E. WILLOUGHBY, National Hurricane and Experimental Meteorology Laboratory, NOAA, Coral Gables, Florida 33146. An algorithm which uses the method of least squares to locate hurricane centers from aircraft data has been developed. As the aircraft traverses the eye, lines of position normal to the wind are constructed each 100 m along its track. Two additional lines of position normal to the track at minimum wind speed and d-value are also determined. A center is then chosen such that the sum of the squares of the normal distances from that center to the lines of position is mini- mized. An approximate storm track is first constructed using centers based on winds in a fixed coordinate system. This track is then iteratively improved by transformation of the winds into a coordinate system moving with the storm and redetermination of the centers. After 5 iterations, the centers converge to within 100 m and agree with those determined by a human analyst to within 2 km. This method has potential for real-time track prediction and for initialization of numerical models. 9:00 am EPS-2 Polar Precipitation of 10-eV to 14-keV Protons Observed During Magnetically Quiet Times. DRAZEN M. PREMATE, Department of Physics and Space Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901. Preliminary analy- sis of proton data from soft particle spectrometer aboard the ISIS-2 polar orbiting satellite has shown the existence of a particular high-latitude low-energy proton population which often extends to 84° invariant latitude. This proton population occurs only during longer periods of quiet times (AE index $ 70y), and morphologi- cally the number and energy fluxes show smooth poleward decreases on the nightside. The variation of the proton morphology with increasing substorm and DST activity will be presented and compared with the electron characteristics. The results show that even small increases in substorm activity (10-30y) cause rapid changes in the proton boundaries and latitudinal profile. Research sponsored by NSF Grant ATM77-15257. 9:15 am EPS-3 Trans-ionospheric and Trans-atmospheric Effects on Satellite Communications*. S. C. BLOCH, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620. lIonospheric and atmospheric dispersion, absorption, and scattering can produce severe distortion of high data rate or Spread-spectrum signals on a Space-earth propagation path; errors in precise ranging applications can be significant, for example, in intense rainfall. We discuss and compare several measures of pulse delay time based on the cross correlation function of the original (transmitted) and distorted (received) signal for a range of import- ant parameters. * Research supported by U.S. Army Research Office, GTE Laboratories, ime, and GIE Satellite Corp. 9:30 am EPS-4 Some Hydrographic Features Associated With Red Tide Blooms on the West Coast of Florida, KENNETH D. HADDAD, Florida Department of Natural Resources Marine Research Laboratory, 100 8th Avenue S.E., St. Petersburg, FL 33701. Hydro- graphic studies of three Ptychodiscus brevis blooms between 1977 and 1979 have pro- vided researchers with supportive evidence that intruding oceanic frontal systems have a role in bloom formation and subsequent transport and maintenance. The 1977 bloom was preceeded by a nearbottom intrusion of oceanic water driven by the Loop Current. The bloom was initially contained within the leading edge of this front. Prior to the 1978 red tide a shoreward surge of the nearbottom thermocline was docu- mented. Thermal imagery from the GOES satellite indicated a bifurcation of the near- shore waters with a slightly cooler water mass. The red tide was well defined within the leading edge of the cooler water. The 1979 bloom was initially positioned on the leading edge of an oceanic front located by thermal satellite imagery and confirmed by shipboard observations. The use of satellite imagery and advanced shipboard tech- nigues have provided informative data which should facilitate prediction of blooms. Florida Scientist 43 (Suppl.) 30. ; 1980 9:45-10:00 am BREAK 10:00 am EPS-5 The Effects of High Altitude Airborne Dust on Atmospheric Extinc- tion Coefficients. EDWIN F. STROTHER AND J. ALLYN SMITH, Florida Institute of Tech- nology, Dept. of Physics and Space Sciences, Melbourne, FL, 32901. An optical at- mospheric program using UBV photoelectric photometry techniques has been used to study the night sky transparency in East Central Florida. Atmospheric inhomogenei- ties associated with this land-sea-air interface can be detected and quantified through the determination of atmospheric extinction coefficients, a. Florida night skies generally undergo rapid short term spatial and temporal variations in optical transparency. However, the cooler weather of the winter months tends to stabilize and lower the values of a. Photometry techniques of the type described in this paper can be used to study optical atmospheric anomalies such as occurred during the Oklahoma dust storm of February 1977. This storm, which brought large quantities of airborne dust to the Eastern Seaboard, occurred under atmospheric conditions which would normally be characterized by good sky transparency. The effects of this storm on a will be presented and discussed in conjunction with scattering theory. 10:15 am EPS-6 Astronomical Color Photography: Additive Methods of Increasing Film Speed. ALEX G. SMITH AND H. W. SCHRADER, Dept. of Astronomy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611. Recently the authors reported success in greatly increasing the speed and fidelity of commercial color film by treating it with hydrogen gas (AAS Photo-Bulletin No. 21, 9, 1979). We have now constructed a "cold camera" in which the treated film can be exposed at -55°C. Laboratory tests show that the (roughly) 10-fold gain in speed due to hydrogenation is increased by another factor of 3 by cooling, yielding an overall speed gain approaching 30. Examples will be shown of the striking gains achieved in astronomical color photographs made with the Rosemary Hill 30-inch reflector. This work is supported by Grant No. AST 77-24821 from the National Science Foundation. 10:30 am EPS-7 COMSTAR Satellite 19/29 GHz Beacon Results with the Tampa Triad: Attenuation Distributions and Diversity Results*. D.D. TANG and D. DAVIDSON, GTE Laboratories, Inc., 40 Sylvan Road, Waltham, MA 02154, and S. C. BLOCH, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620. Attenuation and rain rate distributions obtained with the four diversity combinations of the Tampa Triad indicate that monthly diversity effectiveness during rainy seasons has significant variati- ons and may be dependent on one intense rain event. Of the three baselines, 11, 16, and 20 km, a preferred baseline arises in the case of pair diversity for the Tampa Bay environment. * Research supported by the U. S. Army Research Office, GTE Labora- tories, Inc., and GTE Satellite Corp. 10:45 am EPS-8 Atmospheric Forcing of Sea Level in the Indian River Lagoon. George H. Kierspe, Harbor Branch Foundation, Rt. 1, Box 196, Ft. Pierce, FL, 33450. Water level, wind stress, atmospheric pressure, and current speed were monitored for a one month period at various points along the Indian River from Vero Beach to Ft. Pierce Inlet, and at one nearshore coastal station. Longshore and crosshelf wind- stress were correlated with current speed to determine the extent of wind driven circulation, and with water level to determine the importance of coastal forcing on the estuary. In addition, atmos- pheric pressure was correlated with water level. Significant correl- ations resulted at periods greater than two days when comparing coastal and estuarine water levels. Wind driven motions occured at shorter time periods, and were controlled primarily by the local longshore windstress. Atmospheric pressure was significant in alter- ing water levels at periods of approximately 5-9 days. Florida Scientist 43 (Suppl.) 31. 1980 11:00 am Business Meeting, Physics and Astronomy, Chemistry 201. 11:00 am Business Meeting, Atmospheric and Oceanographic Sciences, Chemistry 202. 1:00 pm General Session, Engineering Auditorium Monday 2:30 pm Chemistry 201 Alex G. Smith, University of Florida, presiding. 2:30 pm EPS-9 Exact Analytic Expressions for NQR Parameters in Terms of Transition Frequencies. H. R. BROOKER, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620 and R. G. CREEL, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325. The secular equations of the quadrupole interaction were derived many years ago.! No exact solutions to these equations have existed, however, except for I = 1 and I = 3/2, We have recently obtained exact solutions in closed form for I = 5/2, 7/2 and 9/2. These solutions have the added advantage of giving the quadrupole parameters, e*qQ and n, directly in terms of the experimental frequencies. These equations should lead to more accurate determinations of the quadrupole parameters and free the experimenter from the long and awkward tables used in the past. 1M. H. Cohen, Phys. Rev. 19, 1278 (1954) (2:45 pm EPS-10 Effects of Ultraviolet-B (280-320 nm) Radiation on the Photo- synthesis of the Diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana. RAYMOND D PETRILLA and D. R. NORRIS, Dept. of Oceanography & Ocean Engineering. Florida Institute of Tech- nology, Melbourne, FL. 32901. Carbon-14 techniques were utilized to determine the amount of carbon uptake for cultures of T. pseudonana exposed to 1,2,3, or 4 hours of UV radiation. Methods for the simulation and measurement of ambient radiation are discussed. Experiments indicate that the length of exposure and increased amounts of UV-B reduce carbon uptake. After 4 hours of exposure to a 47% increase in UV-B over ambient levels, cultures experienced a 40% reduction in photosynthesis. When compared to cultures not exposed to UV radiation, a 93%’reduction in photo- synthesis was noted after the 4 hours of exposure. Increased amounts of UV-A were also investigated, but the data show no significant difference in the amount of carbon uptake between the UV-A enhanced cultures and the cultures exposed to ambient levels of UV radiation. 3:00 pm EPS-11 A Quantitative Technique for the Rapid Determination of Photo- synthetic Pigments in Estuarine Waters Using High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography. DAVID R. GERTY AND D. R. NORRIS, Fla. Inst. of Tech., Melbourne, FL 32901. A rapid technique for the separation and quantitative analysis of phytoplankton chlorophylls and carotenoids was developed using reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Chlorophylls a,b, and c, chlorophyllide a, and the major planktonic xanthophylls fucoxanthin, neoxanthin, and peridinin were deter- mined, Chlorophyll a determination in this method was free from interference by accessory pigments and degradation products. Minimum sensitivities for chloro- phylls a, b and c were 0.2, 0.8, and 0.1 ugem2-1 respectively. Pigment extracts were injected with a 100 pl loop injector and quantified by comparison with ex- ternal standards. A common acetone extraction procedure was used providing a crude extract suitable for spectrophotometry, fluorometry and direct injection into a high-pressure liquid chromatograph. fy Florida Scientist 43 (Suppl.) 32. 1980 ; 3:15 pm EPS-12 Measurement of Dielectric Constant and its Temperature Coeffi- cient for Non-Metallic Samples, over a Broad Temperature Range. JAMES STEVE BROWDER, Jacksonville University; MAX E. McCURRY AND STANLEY S. BALLARD, University of Florida. Three-terminal capacitance cells have been designed and constructed for measuring the low-frequency dielectric constant of non-metallic samples such as optical materials. One equipment covers the temperature range 60-300 K and the other, the range 300-500 K. Data are reported for three single crystals, one poly- crystal, and a polar polymer (Teflon) which was measured in both temperature ranges. A feature of the equipment is that the dielectric cell can easily be re- placed by a cell adapted to measure the linear thermal expansion of appropriate samples through the same temperature ranges, and these measurements permit improved determinations of the temperature coefficient of the dielectric constant. 3:30 pm EPS-13 Scientific and Educational Applications of the OSCAR Satellites*. S. C. BLOCH and E. B. SAFF, University om aie Florida, Tampa, FL 33620. The Phase III satellite scheduled for launch by the European Space Agency on May 30, 1980, will provide a unique opportunity for a broad range of scientific and educational participation in space-related projects. The planned orbit will have perigee=1500 km and apogee=34,385 km, enabling access times of up to 9.6 hr/day compared with about 17 min. for earlier OSCARs. The trans- ponder aboard the satellite will have a 150 kHz passband with uplink centered on 435.22 MHz and downlink centered on 145.9 MHz. Student- oriented experiments on ranging, Doppler, Kepler's laws, and orbit determination will be described. * Supported in part by the National Science Foundation, GIE Labora- tories, Inc... and GLE Satellite Corp: 3:45 pm EPS-14 Entropy, Information and Academia. ROBERT W. FLYNN, Physics Department, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620. Thermodynamic entropy, a measure of disorder, can be related to informational entropy, a lack of informa- tion,and both viewpoints have been used to formulate statistical mechanics. If we regard the Florida System of Postsecondary Education as a thermodynamic system, we find that the distribution of courses taught can be predicted under the assumption that the system operates at maximum entropy. pO ee ee) Aleatory Treatment of the Ehrenfest Wind-Tree Model, HARRY S. ROBERTSON, (Pept. of Physics, Univ. of Miami, Coral Gables, Fla. 33124. The Ehrenfests introduced a model gas to illustrate the Stosszahlansatz, and the equilibrium problems related to Boltzmann's H-theorem via Loschmidt's Umkehreinwand. They treat the populations of molecules as the variables that should equilibrate, and paradoxes inevitably arise. The present treatment shows that the distributions of these populations evolve to a time-independent state of equilibrium without paradox or entropy fluctuation, (1) P. and T. Ehrenfest, "The Conceptual Foundations of Statistical Mechanics," Cornell (1959) 7:00 pm Academy Business Meeting, Schlitz Brown Bottle Tuesday 12:00 pm Open House, Museum of Science and Industry Florida Scientist 43 (Suppl.) Sa 1980 ENGINEERING Tuesday 8:45 am Chemistry 102 Yasser A. Hosni, University of Central Florida, presiding. 8:45 am ES-1l An Investigation of the Ozone Air Pollution Problem in Orange Coun- ty, Florida. JOHN C. BROWN, University of Central Florida, CEES Department, Orlando, FL 32816. Ozone levels in Orange County, Florida occasionally exceed the National Ambient Air Quality Standard. Thus, Orange County is in non-attainment status for ozone. The current strategy by county officials assumes that attainment can be reached through relatively minor actions by 1982. Based on the uncertainties of the causes of ozone production and the effectiveness of the suggested mitigating mea- sures proposed by the lead planning agency, the author of this report suggests that an inspection and maintenance program be added to the control strategy. Although it is difficult to make conclusions about the role which transport of ozone or its pre- cursors plays from a one-station monitoring capability, there is substantial evi- dence that ozone levels are greatly affected by pollutants from outside the local area. Based on this evidence,a three-station monitoring capability and extensive research are believed to be in the best interest of the county. 9:00 am ES-2 Coal Suspensions as Alternate Fuels.-RICHARD A. RWEAPLER AND S. C: KRANC, College of Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620. Coal suspension fuels are formed Dy Wixing pulverized-coal with a liquid fuel medium such as fuel Ot's or aleohois. Suspension fuels can provide cheaper fuel-aiter- nates which retain desirable properties of liquids. This work discusses problems associated with the combustion of coal suspen- Sions. Several areas are of interest including: atomization, meitel om land burning characteristics. «The results of "several types of experiments are presented and discussed. Finally, pros- Beces) for coal suspension fuels in various applications are examined. 9:15 am ES-3 Overland Flow Treatment of Municipal Wastewater. ALLEN R. OVERMAN, Agricultural Engineering Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611. Three methods of land treatment of wastewater are now recognized: (1) slow rate irrigation, (2) overland flow and (3) rapid infiltration. Application rates in- crease in this order. Overland flow uses a grassed slope for treatment. Analysis of field data shows that removal efficiency depends upon both loading rates and preapplication treatment. Reducation of BOD, total nitrogen and total phosphorus exhibit good correlation. Performance of the system depends upon land smoothing and establishment of a good grass cover to avoid erosion of the soil and channeling of flow. 9:30 am ES-4. Energy Supply-Demand and Effects on Socio-Economic Growth of Deve- loping Countries. MICHAEL I. MUIGA. University of Central Florida, CEES Department, Orlando, FL 32816. Developing countries have a total of about three billion people (seventy percent of the four billion total global population). Equally important the population growth rate compared with the growth of new energy supply further widen the economic gap between developing and developed countries. Substantial non- conventional energy sources such as small scale hydropower systems, wind, solar and biomass, must be developed in the next decade (1980) if the gap is to be narrowed or closed. The degree of development will also depend on developing better country long-range energy supply-demand plans and methodology for design, implementation, evaluation and training in non-conventional energy technology. This paper looks at energy supply-demand in developing countries and alternative strategies for develop- ing appropriate non-conventional energy technology. Florida Scientist 43 (Suppl.) 34. 1980 9:45-10:00 am BREAK 10:00 am ES-5 Analysis of Solar Window Film Installations in Florida State Buildings. ROBERT DOERING, YASSER HOSNI, CLINTON STRANGE, Industrial Engineering Department, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816. Direct and diffuse solar radiation through windows is the largest single component of window heat gains. A recent study compared heat gain through open and shaded windows in 12 selected cities throughout the country, showed that Florida would benefit most from sun control. An energy savings of 154,000 BTU per year for each sq. ft. of window area was projected. This is a feasibility study for installing solar window film in the 500 or more state buildings. The approach includes surveying the buildings for para- meters such as building location, orientation, window areas, as well as conditioning requirements and energy cost. These parameters are used in estimating potential Savings. Several types of window films are compared for application in specific buildings. This is based on economical considerations through an economic life cycle cost model that includes installation cost and other economical parameters. The re- sult of the study will be a list of recommended buildings for solar film instal la- tion, expected savings, as well as technical specification for the film. 10:15 am ES-6 A Space Shuttle Supported Satellite Capture System Suitable for Large Scale Mass-Catching Applications. TONY J. BOATRIGHT, Planning Research Corp., P.O. Box 21266, Kennedy Space Center, FL, 32815. The initial design for a remotely operated, unmanned device capable of satellite capture and transorbital maneuvering will be presented. This disk-shaped device will allow the shuttle-borne operator to pace, intercept and secure satellite targets in a hydraulicly supported "web" and attach guidance electronics and a ring of interim upper stage and reaction control thrusters. This will allow stabilization, orientation and movement from point to point in space of the target. System considerations include the need to extend the shuttle operating range from the Orbiter's maximum 600 mile orbit to the 23,000 mile orbits of the geosynchronous satellites, as well as the system ability to engage in hazardous operations (retrieval of damaged or tumbling targets). The potential for system growth and application to future space operations (e.g., a mass catcher for passive construction material packages accelerated from the lunar surface) is also noted. 10:30 am ES-7 Software Engineering Projects - Time and Cost Estimates. YASSAR A. HOSNI, Industrial Engineering Department, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816. Two approaches are discussed in formulating analytical formulae to esti- mate time required to develop large software projects. The first approach uses the Life Cycle Model Concept. Software development cycle is approximated to a Rayleigh Function, when time is charted vs. manpower utilization. Using this function, and through statistical analysis, the parameters of the function at each stage of pro- ject development can be determined - through estimation of the 'Difficulty' and ‘Difficulty Gradient'. Development time is estimated as a function of manpower. The second approach uses the breakdown of project development activities to its elements, in building the time formulae. Factors such as program size, number of files, number of reports, etc. are correlated with the project life cycle, so that through these system attributes cycle time can be estimated. The result are formulae developed for each project phase. 10:45 am ES-8 Environmental Health Education. MICHAEL I. MUIGA. University of Central Florida, CEES Department, Orlando, FL 32816. Today environmental health education is a continous and comprehensivé process in which community training re- presents a most important role. The educational approach should be one that seeks primarily to prevent disease and promote health. Thus, to ensure full community participation, effective propagation of relevant environmental health education in- formation and the development of the necessary institutional arrangement through Florida Scientist 43 (Suppl.) ae. 1980 which individuals, families and communities can assume responsibility on environmen- tal sanitation is needed in Central Florida. It is the purpose of this paper to re- view existing community environmental health education and particularly the aware- ness in low income groups in Central Florida. Present and future environmental health manpower requirements in communities of Central Florida are projected. 11:00 am Business Meeting, Engineering Sciences, Chemistry 102. 12:00 pm Open House, Museum of Science and Industry ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY Monday 9:00 am Chemistry 102 Session A: MARINE Dean F. Martin, University of South Florida, presiding. 9:00 am ECS-1 Potential Management of Florida Red Tide Through Selective Photo- dynamic Action. JQHN BARLTROP, BARBARA B. MARTIN AND DEAN F. MARTIN, Chemical and Environmental Management Services (CHEMS) Center, Department of Chemistry, Univer- sity of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620. Past studies have shown the effects of sunlight on organisms in the presence of dyes. The effectiveness of hematoporphy- rin as a sensitizer at various concentrations in the presence and absence of light on cultures of Gymnodinium breve, the Florida red tide organism, has been deter- mined. Other dyes, both porphyrin and other types, have been tested for effective- ness. 9:15 am ECS-2 Studies of Cytoltsis of Chattonella subsalsa, MARK HALVORSON and DEAN F. MARTIN, CHEMS Center, Department of Chemistry and Department of Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620. Periodic outbreaks of a red tide organism in the Seto Inland Sea of Japan have been responsible for mas- Sive mortalities of food fish, and considerable financial losses occur. A Florida red tide may lead to financial losses of about $5,000,000,000 but a red tide in the Inland Sea can cost $9,000,000,000, mainly in losses of "yellow tail" fish in pens. The responsible organism is a species of Chattonella, and it appears that the organism secretes a fatty acid that attacks the gills of fish and affects the oxygen transport so that the fish suffocate. Samples of Chattonella subsalsa (= Hornellia marina Subrahmanyan, 1954) have been obtained and are being cultured in Loeblich's dinoflagellate medium. Preliminary tests have shown that C. subsalsa is sensitive to aponin, an extract of Gomphosphaeria aponina which has also been shown to be cytolytic towards Ptychodiscus breve (Davis) Steidinger. 9:30 am ECS-3 Isolation and Identification of a Natural Product Cytolytic to the Red Tide Organism, Ptychodiscus brevis (Davis) Steidinger, (Gymnodinium breve Davis). RALPH E. MOON AND DEAN F. MARTIN, University of South Florida, Department of Biology and Department of Chemistry, Tampa, FL. 33620. A compound has been isolated which is cytolytic toward Florida's red tide organism. The compound is elaborated from the marine, blue-green alga, Gomphosphaeria aponina Kutzing. Chloroform extracts of the seawater media from G. aponina were analysed with high pressure liquid —= ag Z : chromatography. A single, purified component was isolated and analysed by spectroscopic techniques i.e., UV-VIS, IR, MS, N@MR. Interpretation of these spectra provide evidense to propose a molecular structure for the cytolytic agent. Florida Scientist 43 (Suppl.) 36. 1980 9:45 am ECS-4 the biogeochemistry of copper and iron in the clam Mercenaria mer- cenaria. JOEL S. STEWARD AND JOHN H. TREFRY, Dept.of Ocean.and Ocean Engr. ,FL Inst. of Tech.,Melbourne,FL 32901. The literature on metal pollution and toxicity studies is overwhelming;yet, natural biogeochemical processes must be understood before man- induced phenomena can be assessed. Toward this end a seasonal study of Cu and Fe in- terrelationships was conducted in the Indian River Estuary using carefully collected samples of water, sediment and the clam Mercenaria mercenaria. Total Cu in estuarine water ranged from 1 to 4 ug/1 whereas total Fe levels varied between 50 and 300 ug/1. Whole clam soft tissue concentrations of Cu and Fe (wet wt.)were 1 to 2 and 10 to 45 ug/g respectively. Clam Cu levels correlate inversely with size and,within each size group,are uniform at all sites. The large variability in clam Fe concentrations is related to its size,physiological requirements and a number of environmental para- meters as exemplified by a significant linear relationship between total Fe in the water and whole clam Fe. Analysis of organ tissues revealed a consistent order of decreasing concentrations with digestive organ > gill >> muscle. 10:00-10:15 BREAK 10:15 am ECS-5 Toxicity of Sodium Pentachlorophenate to the Estuarine Calanoid Copepod, Pseudodiaptomus coronatus. ROBERT G. HAUCH, RICHARD H.PIERCE,JR., AND DEAN R. NORRIS,Dept.of Oceanography & Ocean Engineering.FL. Institute of Technology, iMelbourne,FL 32901. This study involved a static bioassay to examine the toxicity of sodium pentochlorophenate (Na-PCP) to the estuarine calanoid copepod, Pseudodiaptomus coronatus. Acute toxicity was experienced with a 96-hr. LC50 value of 68.0 ug/1, based on the initial concentrations added. After 96 hr. the Na-PCP concentrations declined approximately 80%, a large portion of which was probably due to accumulation by algae used as food. Chronic effects on ingestion rate were determined indirectly by observing fecal pellet production during the bioassay. As the Na-PCP concentration was increased from 18.0 to 81.0 ug/l, the rate of fecal pellet output increased from control-—levels to 12 times the control production. This could result from Na-PCP inhibition of oxydative phosphorylation resulting in a decline in levels of ATP. This condition is "perceived" by the copepods as starvation, triggering an increase in ingestion rate. 10:30 am ECS-6 Balanus eburneus,a potential indicator of copper pollution in the coastal zone. SCOTT BARBER AND JOHN H.TREFRY, Dept.of Oceanography and Ocean Engi- neering, Fl.Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901. The capacity of the ivory barnacle, Balanus eburneus.to accumulate and retain copper above ambient levels was examined over a nine month period at eight sites in the Eau Gallie Harbor and Indian River Estuary, Fl.,with the intention of using this species as an indicator of copper pollution. Over the entire study area, copper concentrations in barnacle soft tissues ranged from 1.9 to 10.5 ug/g (wet weight): with high values limited to three harbor sites in the mid-study area. In the Indian River Estuary, baseline or natural levels were very consistent at 2.4+0.1 ug/g (wet weight). Dissolved copper concentrations (0.4 to 1.6 ug/1) showed a strong positive correlation (r=0.88) with tissue levels. B.eburneus thus presents itself as a highly sensitive indicator of copper pollution in that a 1 ug/l increase in dissolved copper brings about a 5 ug/g increase in tis- sue copper concentrations. The increase in copper concentrations observed in this instance is most likely due to vessel-related sources in harbor marinas. 10:45 am ECS-7 A Study of the Amounts of Radium-226 Present in the Fish and Waters of Tampa Bay. RUTH D. WAHL, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620. Regions of Tampa Bay near phosphate plants were chosen for the study of radium-226 in fish and water. The presence of even small quantities, on the order of 1 pCi, of radium can be significant when considering human food supplies. The bay water studied contained concentrations as high as 3.5 pCi/1 and the fish sampled had Florida Scientist 43 (Suppl.) ce 1980 concentrations as high as 175 pCi/kg (wet weight). A concentration of 0.07 pCi/1 is typical of ocean water. The amount of radium present was determined using the Lucas method to determine the radon present in a sealed sample after the radium- radon equilibrium had been reached. Water samples were filtered through a 0.45 um filter. Biological samples were dissolved in a combination of nitric and per- cloric acids. Work is now under way to extend this study to other parts of Tampa Bay. 11:00 am Business Meeting, Environmental Chemistry: Chemistry 102. 1:00 pm General Session, Engineering Auditorium Monday 2:30 pm Chemistry 102 Session B: FRESHWATER Dean F. Martin, University of South Florida, presiding. 2:30 pm ECS-8 Lake Marco Shores, A New Meromictic Lake jin South Florida. CHARLES M. COURTNEY, Marco Applied Marine Ecology Station, 990 N. Barfield Drive, Marco Island, FL 33937. Over the period 1974- 1978, repeated observations of physico-chemical parameters in a man- made brackish water lake in the coastal transition zone indicated a perrenially stable water column which was divided into three distinct strata. Measurements of ground water quality in the lake's watershed and an estimation of seepage rates through the basin indicated that the observed stability is supported by the seaward flow of fresh water in the surface aquifer and salt water intrusion at depth. Drs. Patsy McLaughlin, Walter Goldberg, Robert Judge and Daniel Jackson encour- aged and assisted me throughout this research which was financially Supported by The Deltona Corporation 2:45 pm ECS-9 Background and Storm Event Water Quality in a Portion of the Hillsborough River Drainage Basin. CHARLES M. COURTNEY, JAMES M. HATCHER, AND S. DUBOIS, Marco Applied Marine Ecology Station, 990 N. Barfield Dr., Marco Island, FL 33937. Background water quality and the quality of runoff from selected storm events were measured over an annual cycle in secondary and tertiary streams of the Hillsborough River drainage basin. Data is provided on the suite of nutrient spe- cies, trace metals, pesticides, and other physico-chemical parameters from these unaltered, natural landscapes which include a variety of upland and wetland land use categories. This reasearch was sponsored by The Deltona Corporation. 3:00 pm ECS-10 Stormwater Runoff Modeling of a Planned Residential Community near Tampa, Florida. KEVIN J. SMOLENYAK, E.I. The Deltona Corporation, 3250 S.W. 3rd Avenue., Miami, FL 33129. In order to assess the effects of the development of a 5400 acre community (Tampa Palms) located approximately eleven miles north- east of Tampa in Hillsborough County, Florida on the quantity and quality of storm water runoff entering the receiving systems, the Storage Treatment Over- flow Runoff Model (STORM) was employed. STORM, a widely used and proven hydro- logic riodel (continuous simulation), was initially applied to the project in its current undeveloped condition, using water quantity and quality data collected from monitoring stations strategically located at two surface runoff sites the property for model calibration and verification. The proposed charges in land use and drainage characteristics following development were then simulated. Florida Scientist 43 (Suppl.) 38. 1980 3:15 pm ECS-11 Metals Analyses of Certain Florida Waters. P. DOUGLAS ARMSTRONG, Marco Applied Marine Ecology Station, 990 N. Barfield Drive Marco Island, FL 33937. Surface and ground waters were collected from several Florida locations, including Hillsborough, Polk and Collier Counties. Metals analyses were. performed, using a Varian AA 575, in- cluding at least one of the following metals at each location: arsen- ic, chromium, copper, iron, mercury, potassium, magnesium, manganese, nickel, lead and zinc. For the ground waters of Lake Marco Shores (refer to presentation by Charles M. Courtney), chloride analyses were also performed, and the ratios with respect to magnesium were calcu- lated. These ratios will be presented and discussed, as well as other results involving the surface waters. 3:30 pm ECS-12 Sediment studies of Sawgrass lake, St. Petersburg, Florida. VANCE LEY and D. F. MARTIN, CHEMS Center, Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620. Sawgrass lake sediments were studied to determine the degree to which they contribute selected nutrients to water, the amount of shrinkage caused by drying and the optimum concentration of alum sulfate to be used for clarifying the lake waters when the sediments are disturbed. This research was funded by the Southwest Florida Water Management District. 3:45-4:00 pm BREAK 4:00 pm ECS-13 Analysis of Fatty Acids in Natural Waters, JULIO E. HERRERA and DEAN F. MARTIN, Chemical and Environmental Management Service Center, Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620. The inhibition by the alga Chlamydomonas reinhartii, has been described and attributed to a fatty acid-like material (Proctor, 1957). Studies with fatty acids show inhibition when another algal species (Haematococcus pluvialis) was grown together. Our study evaluated the existence of fatty acids in natural waters through the use Of high pressure liquid chromatography(HPLC). Preliminary analysis have been directed towards the Poe ve ete of phenacyl ester derivitives (Borch, 1975) of fatty acids by the following sequence: RCOOH + BrCH2Ar (base)—>RCOOCH2Ar + baseHBr, where Ar is C6Hs5 or m-CH30Cg6H4. The feasibility of the analysis of fatty acids in natural waters by the above discussed method will be considered. 4:15 pm ECS-14 Inhibition of Water Hyacinth Growth by Lake.Water Extract. JUDITH M. HAYES AND DEAN F. MARTIN, Chemical and Environmentai Management Services (CHEMS) Ceriter, Dept. of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Fla. 33620. A lake was observed in Polk County divided by a causeway, where in half of the lake there are water hyacinths, yet in the other half there are none. Water samples from the half with no water hyacinths were filtered through charcoal, extracted with methanol, and the combined extracts were evaporated to give a residue that was dissolved in diniethyl sulfoxide. When a small amount of this extract, .1] ml extract/ 500 ml Hoagland's solution, was added to test plants, while adding equal amounts of DMSO to control plants, the test plant's growth rate was significantly reduced. 4:30 pm ECS-15 Disposal of Coagulated Urban Runoff Solids in Lakes. BRUCE R. SNYDER AND JAMES S. TAYLOR, University of Central Florida, CEES Department, Orlando, FL 32816. A laboratory system was utilized to observe the release of phosphorus from Lake Eola sediments and stormwater sludge under different conditions. The treatments tested include: the use of various coagulants, coincidental application of lime-soda ash softening sludge (LSS), anaerobic and aerobic environment, gentle Florida Scientist 43 (Suppl.) a9). 1980 stirring of the the sediments, and the removal of added phosphate by settled sludge. The release of phosphorus from the lake sediments, as indicated by the total phos- phorus concentration of the overlying lakewater, was significantly reduced when aluminum and ferric salts were used as the stormwater coagulant. The use of lime coagulant did not reduce phosphorus levels compared to the control. Low dissolved oxygen (< 0.2 ppm) did not affect phosphorus release with alum and ferric sludges, while release was stimulated in the control and lime sludge treatments. The addi- tion of coagulated stormwater sludge to the lakewater sustem also significantly decreased orthophosphate concentration. 4:45 pm ECS-16 Ecological Responses of Lake Eola to Urban Runoff. HARVEY H. HARPER, YOUSEF A. YOUSEF, AND MARTIN P. WANIELISTA. University of Central Florida, CEES Department, Orlando, FL 32816. Lake Eola is a land-locked lake lo- cated in downtown Orlando, Florida. The lake is ecologically stressed by excessive nutrients and toxic matter input through storm drains. Periodical water samples were collected from the lake and stormwater drains for more than one year. Physicochemical and biological parameters for particulate and dissolved fractions in water samples were measured. Also, heavy metals including Zn, Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni, As, Cd, Fe were analyzed. Loading rates from nutrients and heavy metals released to Lake Eola due to stormwater events were analyzed and lake impacts were evaluated. Bioassay studies were performed to determine limiting nutrients and the impact of coagulated and untreated stormwater on algal production. Coagulation of storm- water minimized nutrients and toxic content released to Lake Eola and thus, did not seem to enhance algal production. These experiments were helpful in finalizing storn- water management plans. 5:00 pm ECS-17 Phosphorus Interactions Between Sediments and Water in Lake Eola. FRANK E. MARSHALL, YOUSEF A. YOUSEF, AND MARTIN P. WANIELISTA. University of Central Florida, CEES Department, Orlando, FL 32816. Bottom sediments were collected from Lake Eola and analyzed for particle size, density fraction and phosphorus release in batch experiments. Particles of smaller size fractions and of organic nature re- leased most of the phosphorus. Also isolation chambers were used at three locations to isolate selected areas and overlying water columns in Lake Eola. These chambers went anaerobic in a period of approximately two weeks and the phosphorus release from the bottom sediments was monitored for more than two months after establishing anaerobic conditions. The phosphorus in the isolation chambers increased with increasing incubation period to a maximum value after which it remained fairly constant or oscillated around these values. The maximum released values of orthophosphorus exceded 250 mg P/m2 of bottom sediments. Desorption of orthophosphorus seems to follow Freundlich's isotherm. The impact of phosphorus released from bottom sediments in Lake Eola will be evaluated. 7:00 pm Academy Business Meeting, Schlitz Brown Bottle. GEOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY Monday 8:30 am Chemistry 203 Sam B. Upchurch, University of South Florida, presiding POSTER PRESENTATION: The Use of Contact Microradiography in the Study of Internal Structures of Foraminiferan Tests. WILLIAM A. BUTCHER, Depa- rtment of Geology, Bowling Green University, Bowling Green OH 43403. Chemistry 203 Florida Scientist 43 (Suppl.) 40. 1980 8:30 am GH-1 Geophysical evidence for a continental to oceanic crustal transition in south Florida. MARK T. STEWART AND JAMES E. MERICLE, Geology Dept., Univ. South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620. A gravity survey of south Florida suggests that a transition from continental to oceanic crust occurs in south Florida. Oceanic crust underlies the Florida peninsula southward from a point just north of Miami. In south central Florida the principal basement structures beneath the Cenozoic and Mesozoic sediments appear to be extensional faulting associated with a basaltic layer overlying basement rocks with continental densities. The basaltic layer thickens and the apparent offsets increase southward, suggesting a rifted continental margin. Radiometric dates for the basalt layer suggest a late Mesozoic age for the extrusion of the basalts during the rifting of the continental margin. 8:45 am GH-2 Geophysical Signatures To Fracture Traces In West-Central Florida. DAVID L. MOORE and MARK T. STEWART, Dept. of Geology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620. In carbonate terranes, fracture traces as defined by 1:80000 in- frared imagery can be shown to have certain geophysical signatures when investigated in outcrop. Previous investigators have delineated fracture traces by aerial photos in order to locate productive water well sites and to try to define anomalies within the hydrologic system. Parizek and others have shown that higher well yields are associated with narrower zones within the trace zone. These narrower zones are on the order of tens of feet wide while whole trace zones, as viewed on air photo or lansat imagery, may be up to 300 meters wide. These zones or anomalies can be de- lineated within the wider trace by their geophysical signatures. In the carbonate aquifer studied, the anomalies are caused by near surface changes in lithology; thickening of surficial sand and clay units and greater depth to bed rock. 9:00 am GH-3 Heat Flow Values in the Florida Panhandle. W. ERIC MEDLIN, RANDOLPH H, SMITH, AND DOUGLAS L. SMITH, Department of Geology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611. Ten new heat flow values from northern and western Florida range from 0.4 heat flow units (MAcal/cm2sec) to 1.0 hfu. Temperature gradients measured in boreholes 150-500 meters deep exceed 30°C/km in southern Santa Rosa and Okalusa Counties, but are associated with thick sequences of low- conductivity clays, The highest water temperatures encountered were at Ft. Walton Beach (35°C at 500 m depth). Potential uncertainities of the thermal influence from hydrologic overturn and in the use of drill cuttings to determine thermal conductivity values remain to be resolved. In general, the calculated heat flux increases from east to west, and can be described as anomalously low to average with respect to other values in the Gulf Coast plains. 9:15 am GH-4 Jocotan Fault, Guatemala: Nature and Timing of Movement. ALEXANDER W. RITCHIE, Department of Geology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620. The active northwestern boundary of the Caribbean plate consists of a series of poorly-understood subparallel sinistral faults in Guatemala and southern Mexico. South of these faults and subparallel to them, the inactive Jocot4n fault extends at © least 300 km through the volcanic highlands of Guatemala. North and west of Guate- — mala City, the Jocotan fault trends N70°W and dips steeply to the south, is offset by faults related to the Guatemala City graben, separates lower Cretaceous limestone | on the south from 9l-my granitic intrusive rocks on the north, and has dragged up redbeds and metamorphic rocks on the south. Similarities in position and attitude between the Jocotan fault and the active plate boundary faults suggest that the Jocotan may be an older, more southerly analogue to the active plate boundary. Yet, near Guatemala City and in its type area 160 km to the east, the last motion on the Jocotdn fault has been normal, down-to-the-south. Florida Scientist 43 (Suppl.) 4l. 1980 9:30 am GH-5 Paleomagnetic Measurements in Florida Limestones. THOMAS R. BAUER, ANTHONY J. STEVENS, DOUGLAS L. SMITH, Department of Geology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, and BRUCE J. MACFADDEN, Florida State Museun, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611. More than 300 oriented cores?of Cenozoic limestones from over 30 sites throughout Florida have been drilled during 1978-79 for paleomagnetic field intensity and direction analyses. Natural remanent magnetization intensities determined with a cryogenic magnetometer range from 10-6 emu/em to 10-9 emu/em. Thermal and alternating field demagnetizations (to 350°C and 300 oersted) decrease the intensities by about an order of magnitude. Sites of normal and reversed polarity are identified, In continuing studies, particular emp- hasis is being concentrated on exposures of the Eocene Crystal River limestone and the Oligocene Suwannee limestone in order to identify paleopole positions for those epochs and possibly contribute to stratigraphic correlation problems. 9:45-10:00 am BREAK 10:00 am GH-6 , Evapotranspiration as Related to Climatic Factors in South Florida. meee shin, Univ. of FL, IFAS, Agri. Res. and Ed. Ctr.., Belle Glade, FL 33430. It is a well known fact that the evapotranspiration (ET) is affected by the climatic factors, such as solar radiation, temperature, relative humidity, wind velocity, etc. However, the problems of the degree of influence of each of those factors on ET and the ratio between pan evaporation (PE) and ET from different types of vegetations have not been emphasized in south Florida. There are two phases involved in this study. The phase 1 is to analyze the pan evaporation as related to the climatic factors. The phase 2 is to compute the ratio between PE and ET for different types of vegetation. The results showed that the correlation coefficiencies between the PE and climatic factors such as solar radiation, mean soil temperature, mean air tem- perature, relative humidity, wind velocities at 60 cm and 600 cm above the ground were 0.82, 0.58, 0.49, 0.08, 0.03, and -0.06, respectively. The monthly ratio be- tween PE and ET ranged from 0.31 to 1.17 for sugarcane, 0.09 to 0.28 for cane trash, 0.81 to 1.22 for sawgrass, and 0.52 to 0.79 for bare soil. 10:15 am GH-7 Magnetic Anomalies in North-Central Florida. OAK A. KANIS, YOUNG MING CHANG, AND DOUGLAS L. SMITH, Department of Geology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611. More than 750 total field magnetic measurements were made during 1979 in Columbia, Bradford, Suwannee, Union, and Baker Counties with a Proton precession magnetometer. After correction for diurnal variations, the values ranged from 50,648 gammas to 51,359 gammas and revealed several major anoma- lies on the order of 100-400 gammas. Northeast to southwest trending anomalies are dominant with the major negative anomaly trending southwest from near Raiford in Union County to northwestern Alachua County and southern Columbia County. Northeast trending positive anomalies exist east and west of.Lake City in Columbia County. These new data augment with additional detail the existing aeromagnetic Maps of northern Florida and have potential implications for the nature of the Florida basement. 10:30 am GH-8 Sedimentological Interpretation of Mid-Tertiary Carbonates From West-Central Fl. Charles Sharpe, Dept. of Geol.,U. of Fl., Gaines- Ville, Fl. 32601. Seven lithofacies were delineated in three cores from west-central Fl. The cores avg. 140m in depth and penetrated M-Eocene Avon Fk, Eocene Ocala, Oligocene Suwannee and E-Miocene Tampa units. Vertical variations in allochems, particularly pellets and skeletal debris, and mineralogies were recognized from the examination of 180 thin sections. Mole-4 magnesium of calcite and dolomite occurred only in the lowermost lithofacies of one core. The lowermost lithofacies was dolomitized wackestones representing intertidal lagoonal deposits. The next two lithofacies exhibited deepening of water from shallow sub- tidal deposits comprised of skeletal packstones and grainstones which became deeper water sediments of foraminiferal packstones. These graded into three lithofacies of fluctuating deep ahd shallow subtidal sediments of packstones. Florida Scientist 43 (Suppl.) 42. 1980 3 10:45 am GH-9 A New Species of Weisbordella (Echinoidea: Clypeasteroidea) from ‘the Ocala Limestone of Florida. MEL CROFT AND GRAIG D. SHAAK, Department of Geology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32306, and Florida State Museun, | University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611.* A suite of specimens of the Florida population of Weisbordella cubae (Weisbord) have taxonomic characters measur- ably distinct from the balance of the W. cubae stock to warrant designation of a new species. The new species primarily is distinguished from W. cubae by size and pore geometry and structure. The new species has a larger test size than W. cubae. The pores of each pore pair of the petaloid ambulacra of W. cubae are roughly equidimen- sional whereas the new species has punctate inner pores and greatly elongated outer pores. The outer pore member of W. cubae may be slightly elongate, however much less so than in the new species. *Acknowledgment is made to the Donors of the Petroleum Research Fund, administered by the American Chemical Society, for the support of this research . 11:00 am Business Meeting, Geology and Hydrology: Chemistry 203. 1:00 pm General Session, Engineering Auditorium Monday 2:30 pm Chemistry 203 Richard N. Strom, University of South Florida, presiding. 2:30 pm GH-10 Distribution of Echinoids in the Ocala Limestone of Florida. Melvin Croft and Ramil Wright, Department of Geology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306; and Graig Shaak, Florida State Museum, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611. The surface outcrops of the Ocala Limestone (upper Eocene) of Florida can be zoned biostratigraphically using echinoids. In addition to bio- stratigraphic zonation, three separate echinoid communities can be recognized. The species comprising these three communities differ in specimen size and substrate affinity. The communities present are 1) a community of large echinoids which are sand dwellers, 2) a community characterized by the presence of mud dwelling echi- noids, as well as a few small species with affinities for a sandy substrate, and 3) a community of sand dwelling echinoids of large size whose composition is dif- ferent from that of community 1. The stratigraphic distribution of these three communities reflect physical changes in the environment of deposition which can be explained by several hypothesis. 2:45 pm GH-11 Possible Restriction and Redefinition of the Tamiami Formation of South Florida: Points for Discussion. MURIEL E. HUNTER, Rt. 5, 375-K, Tallahassee, 32301, and SHERWOOD W. WISE, Department of Geology, Florida State University, Talla- hassee, 32306. The name Tamiami was first used for an informal limestone unit in 1939 and later given formation rank (1955) when the Tamiami formation was defined | as including the original limestone and all other late Miocene strata in southern | Florida. This definition is also informal since it does not conform to the U.S. Stratigraphic Code, and it has proved impractical to use because it lacks bound- aries and includes unrelated strata of patently different lithologies. We propose that the Tamiami should be formally redefined, and be restricted to contain the interfingering original carbonate members (Ochopee and Buckingham Limestones) and other equivalent facies such as the Pinecrest Sand. Excluded are subjacent units "of Late Miocene age", such as the LaBelle clay’ and Murdock Station Member and their equivalents, all of which are for now returned to the Hawthorn Formation. The inadvisability of elevating the Tamiami to group status is discussed. Florida Scientist 43 (Suppl.) 43. 1980 3:00 -pm GH-12 The Geochemical and Paleoecological Significance of Silicon Accumulator Plants in Southeastern Salt Marshes. MICHAEL J. ANDREJKO AND A.D. COHEN, Dept. of Geology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208. The coastal salt marshes of the southeastern U.S. are basically dominated by two main plants, Spartina alterniflora in the low marsh, and Juncus roemerianus in the high marsh. Earlier studies have shown that tidal creek waters in the low marsh become enriched in dissolved silica during low tide discharge. This may be possibly due to the decomposition of plant organic matter and the dissolution of biogenic silicates on the marsh surface. With this in mind, the purpose of this study was to determine the extent of which both Spartina and Juncus might behave as reservoirs for future silicon recycling from the decomposition of both in-situ and storm trans- ported plant debris. In addition, the silicon bodies (phytoliths) deposited within the plants themselves were isolated and identified so as to be useful for environ- mental interpretation of Holocene clayey sediments associated with buried and ex- posed peat bodies on the Southeastern Coastal Plain. 3:15 pm GH-13 Environmental Factors Affecting Chione cancellata (Linne), Leisey Shell Pit, Ruskin, Florida. RICHARD L. HUMMELL, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620. Studies in modern nearshore environments have shown that environmental limiting factors such as temperature, salinity, and substrate may affect the size and shape of bivalves. Chione cancellata (Linne) from the Upper Shell Bed, Ayers Landing Marl Member, Caloosahatchee Formation (Pleistocene) presents an opportunity to apply this principle to the fossil record. The unit at the study site is a fossiliferous, white to tan sand three feet thick which represents deposition of brackish to high salinity environments under gradual shoaling and restriction of a broad, deep, estuary. There are no evolutionary changes in the shape of the bi- valve. Size variations indicate that temperature did not significantly influence distribution or growth. Salinity is the major environmental agent responsible for the density of Chione. The texture of the substrate influenced the size and mor- tality rate of the mollusc. Populations of smaller sized Chione with high juvenile mortality rates are associated with fine grained sediments. 3:30 pm GH-14 Late Pleistocene Foraminifera, Florida Keys. D. C. STEINKER, Department of Geology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403. Samples of the Miami Oolite from the lower Florida Keys are almost barren of foraminifera, except in the shelly portions of the oolite where Archaias angulatus May be present in low frequencies. This scarcity of foraminifera is analogous to the oolite shoals of the Bahamas. At No Name Key a bryozoan unit, in which foraminifera are common, interfingers with the oolite in the subsurface. Archaias angulatus, Ammonia becarrii, and various miliolids dominate the assemblage, which is indicative of a lagoonal environment. Foraminifera from the upper portion of the Key Largo Limestone in the upper Florida Keys include both species characteristic of the modern outer reef environment and species typically associated with modern patch reefs, as well as species common to both environments today. This would seem to Support the model of Enos and Perkins (1977) for the deposition of the Key Largo Limestone. 3:45-4:00 pm BREAK 4:00 pm GH-15 Origin and Development of Arsenic Bank, A Holocene Bioherm in Southwestern Florida Bay. JONATHAN A. AISNER and SAM B. UPCHURCH, Dept. of Geology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620. Arsenic Bank is a Holocene bioherm located 9 km north-northwest of Long Key in Florida Bay. Fourteen cores were used to determine stratigraphy and depositional environments of the shoal. Surficial sediment was analyzed for recent modes of sedimentation and biotic communities. The bank is composed of alternating beds of coarse coral, algal, and molluscan debris. A thick carpet of Thalassia, Porites, Halimeda and sponges covers the shoal and serves to trap sediment. These current and wave resistant organisms form a loose framework for molluscan and Halimeda sediment entrapment. Florida Scientist 43 (Suppl.) 44, 1980 Textural data indicate that modes of transport have not changed during the forma- tion of the bank. These modes include in situ accumulation of wave-generated debris, including Pleistocene rock fragments, from adjacent areas. The rock fragments show that storms account for significant episodic deposition on the mound. Vertical and lateral accretion is also caused by sediment-trapping organisms. 4:15 pm GH-16 Geology of the Florida Aquifer System, Eastern Martin and St. Lucie Counties, Florida. JOHN R. ARMSTRONG and SHERWOOD W. WISE, Jr., Department of Geology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, 32306 and MICHAEL P. BROWN, South Florida Water Management District, West Palm Beach, Florida 35402. The Florida acquifer system east of Lake Okeechobee, Florida is contained within the Avon Park, Ocala Limestone, and an unnamed gray calcilucite of Oligocene age. The acquifer system is capped by Hawthorn clastics. The base of the unnamed |imestone has been dated as early Oligocene by coccoliths from a core sample, AG 105, 694 ft taken on Hutchinson Island and is assigned to the Hel icopontosphaera reticulata Zone based on the presence of RetTiculofenestra umbilica, Coccolithus formestie, and the absence of Discoaster barbadiensis. This unit thickens markedly in the sea- ward direction in the eastermmost part of the study area and is easily delineated on gamma ray borehole geophysical logs by high intensities near the base and aa caused by the presence of large amounts of phosphate. 4:30 pm GH-17 Fluorite (CaF) - Scheelite (CaWO,) Epitaxy. ABRAHAM ROSENZWEIG, Department of Geology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620. Well crystal- lized scheelite occurs at the Tae Hwa Mine, 20 km NE of Chungju, South Korea, in association with wolframite, fluorite, quartz, dolomite, muscovite, etc. The domi- nant habit of the scheelite is tetragonal-dipyramidal, {112}; the fluorite is cubic. Of some 800 scheelite crystals examined, 5 had ee ae ae oriented fluo- rite on them; others undoubtly exist. The unit cell edges ( 5 40h, Bae ee 0./2=5.69A) of the two phases are parallel, with the common a being. (Assay ion fluorite and (112) of scheelite. The fluorite plane is populated by Ca ions in triangular array (60°,60°,60°) at distances of 3.864, with fluorine centering alter- nate triangles. In scheelite, Ca and W ions in triangular array (61.4°, 614 ; 57.2°) are at distances of 3.71A and 3.87A with oxygen shifted from the center by O.77A toward: W, buittoniy O,7k trom the ) ( i) 4 AWd WdWVL cee @ weer er oy 2 MABRY HIGHWAY 4 giNt qise GL? ee GYVASTINOd HOSNd ANNAAY HSNOUYOUSTIIH a \ a % (ex! n \ w 9 ete te cee ee? ( a 4 Q by a8) AY ‘N wo ‘ A De iS INTERSTATE 75 “ | Wiehe aw = ies] Nx es ie Se 4 <0 Sie aa x OQ ti TH STREET 4 “A SN oe 7“ ! Sag ~< b z ws wed “A ue (SS ° ~ A Ss 2 Z Ss. Pea © owe woe ewan ce? ies) 2) nn -— eH ort wD=< Lom 0 oO U.S. HWY 41 >on HATYd OWWAY