G /| FEFGD - SE | “7 §1ST ANNUAL MEETING ~ Florida Scientist Program Issue Volume 50 Supplement 1 FLORIDA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 1986-1987 OFFICERS President. ..... . .Pangratios Papacosta, Stetson Univers@Ey President-Elect. . . . .Leslie Sue Lieberman, University of Florida Past-President .. . . .Richard L. Turner, Fl. Inst. of Technoteam Secretary. ... . . . -Patrick J. Gleason, S. Fl. Water Mgmes meme Treasurer. .... . . .Anthony F. Walsh, Orlando Regional Med = Gres Executive Secretary. . .Alexander Dickison, Seminole Community Coll. Editor ..... .- . ..-Dean F. Martin, Univ. of South Pitemeds Co-Editor. ..,. . ... -Barbara B. Martin, Univ. of South eters Program Co-Chairman. . .Patricia M. Dooris, HDR Infrastructure, Inc; Program Co-Chairman. . .George M. Dooris, Saint Leo College Jr. Academy Coordinator. . . . .Dorothy Henley, Cardinal Gibbons High School Jr. Academy Director ... . . -John Windsor, Jr., Fl. Inst. of Technotlege Visiting Scientist Coordinator. . . . .~Bruce Winkler, University of Tampa Councillors. ... . .«. .Fred B. Buoni, Fl. Institute’ of Technology George M. Dooris, Saint Leo Callege Ernest D. Estevez, Mote Marine Laboratory Charles J. Mott, St. Petersburg Jr. College ROLLINS COLLEGE LOCAL ARRANGEMENTS COMMITTEE Robert G. Carson, Chairperson Mildred Blair John Ross Pat Polley Lois Sain SECTION CHAIRS Agricultural Sciences. . . Richard D. Miles, Univ. of Florida Anthropological Sciences ... . « « »« Curtis W. Wienker, Univ. of S. @fomada Atmospheric & Oceano- graphic Sciences .. . William Seaman, Jr., Univ. of Florida Biological Sciences. . . . John E. Reynolds, Eckerd College Computer and Math 5 Sciences .. ... . . Robert L. Burke, Barry Universi, Endangered Biota ... .. Ii. Jack Stout, Univ. of Cent Pllertde Engineering Sciences .. . R.G. Barile, Fl. Inst. of Technology Environmental Chemistry. . Howard Moore, Fl. International Univ. Geology & Hydrology. .. . Frank Kujawa, Univ. of Central Floruda Medical Sciences .. . . . Roseann S. White, Univ. of Cent. Florida Physical and Space Sciences .... . . . Jack J. Brennan, Univ. of Central BPlemae Sciences Teaching. .. . . Barbara S. Spector, Univ. of S. Flonnmda Social Sciences. ... . . Gordon Patterson, Fl. Inst: of Technolog Urban & Regional Planning - ... . . « Tim Varney; Gurr and Asisoctaces 1987 Supplement i Program Issue 1987 PROGRAM ISSUE THE FIFTY-FIRST ANNUAL MEETING OF THE FLORIDA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES in conjunction with the American Association of Physics Teachers (Florida Section) and the Florida Junior Academy of Sciences and the Science Talent Search Featuring Two Symposia "Anthropology, Health and Health Care in Florida" and "Geological Evolution of Peninsular Florida" With Two Plenary Addresses "The Quest for Absolute Zero" by Dr. E. Dwight Adams "Venomous Animals" by Dr. Thomas King BUSH SCIENCE CENTER ROLLINS COLLEGE Re ; March 26-28,1987 em foc FLORIDA SCIENTIST ssc oo Volume 50 Supplement i ISSN: 0098-4590 Prices $3.50 published by the Florida Academy of Sciences, Inc. 810 East Rollins Street, Orlando, Florida 32803 Florida Scientist 5 i Volume 50 TABLE OF CONTENTS FAS Of£fLCeErs..< 3s. és 0 exe 0 che Gehebehe ematenene te emer siete owe © scenes . Inside Cover Title Page...... «eh oi'a-0) ece.e) © oe pere cones By Abs pas 0 6 one «6 e-s a pee ene NOTHNCESin. ooo oe cus Sco eleva ere eocoeoeeeeesee gob ee «6 0 0 © 600 6 6 6 ons tee nen Meeting Information BOCatione. c«. si ielsavie Ste volo “eulsyelaie seuss eevee etesnekonepemomene Perr REGPSCE ACTON. 6. ccc oo oie a clare are a oc suche tel Cuche n euete hereon ovns oe «0s tn BOGGENG). cre coe aiscorene oo 0 oe 6 woe ee 0-6 Siac c © 0.6 0) 0.6 @ 6 elke yleltelteltene ten amam nnn Banguet and. Meals. « ssc ces sieccw se) ooo 8 6) 00 © 09.6.0) 0: lee: © 015] onen enema FLIC@1G Trips... os oe be 0 0.00 6 6 00 0 0:8 10 6 ene 6 216, 0 6 6. 5,6) ein cpleleeneneneenennn ANNOUNCEMENES 6 So @ oieisie: eis ee ob 0 eb e 0 ordi ee ordi snelietie: Get ee) outa: annie maaan PLrOGRAM SUMMA 1 mm diameter at the 20 cm soil depth for NI+ and CT+ was 100% more than for NT and CT. This drastic distribution of roots near the soil surface in NT has implications for changes needed in mandage- ment of fertilizer and water for NT soybeans. 11:30AM AGR-8 Reflectance Characteristics of Slash Pine Plantations. Depicted by Landsat MSS Imagery. By LOUKAS G. ARVANITIS AND LARRY STANISLAWSKI. Department of Forestry, IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611. Tree canopy reflectance characteristics of eighteen slash pine (Pinus elliottii var. elliottii Engelm.) plantations were studies using Landsat multispectral scanner (MSS) images. The objective is to determine if forest productivity could be estimated by combining ground observations with remote sensing. Reflectance data were collected on April 7, 1979 and Feb. 1, 1981 with solar zenith angles of 41 and 59 degrees, respec- tively. Principal component values of the plots for the two dates indicate greater reflectance variation in the 1979 image caused by climate, growth rate, and atmos- pheric scattering. Significantly less reflectance was measured from band 4 and greater reflectance occurred in bands 6 and 7 on the 1979 image which was acquired when greater moisture and foliage mass were present. FRIDAY 11:45AM BUSH 210 BUSINESS MEETING: Agricultural Science R.D. MILES, University of Florida, presiding ANTHROPOLOGICAL SCIENCE FRIDAY 9:00AM BUSH 234 SESSION A: Symposium "Anthropology, Health and Health Care in Florida" CURTIS W. WIENKER, University of South Florida, presiding $:00AM ANS-1 ‘ Defic Dementia-specific Care Units in Florida Nursing Homes: Multiple perspectives on Treatment Strategies. Sie) ON elke HENDERSON, UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA SUNCOAST GERONTOLOGY CENTER MDC 50, UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA MEDICAL CENTER, Tampa, Frotias SSO12. A survey of 386 Florida nursing homes showed 15% (54) are now operating or plan to operate a dementia-specific care unit. Nursing homes are beginning to specialize their caregiving capabilities in response to a new "market" derived from increasing prevalence rates of dementia, such as Alzheimer’s disease. This research examines this specialty care trend from the perspective of administrators, directors of nursing, nurse aides, and family members. Data show significant intergroup variation in explanatory models for dementia and consequent therapeutic action. Florida Scientist Si Volume 50 9:15AM ANS-2 Adoption-Related Counseling Services In The Tampa Bay Area: A Needs Assessment. M.A. JOHNSON, Department of Anthropology, University of South Florida, Tampa 33620. More children previously thought unadoptable are being adopted. ''Special needs" children can be successfully placed, but the process requires careful guidance. Twelve key informants were interviewed to produce information on adoption agencies in the Tampa Bay area. Questionnaires were administered to 132 providers and consumers of adoption counseling services, including foster, prospective and adoptive parents, adoptees, and various professional support personnel. In addition to vital statistics, the questionnaire concerned rating and ranking of counseling services, assessment of need for expand- ing existing services or creating new ones, and comments. Findings suggest that there is a need for expansion of adoption counseling services. Shortages of staff, time, and funds place limitations on the amount and quality of counseling services provided. 9:30AM ANS-3- The Childbirth Experience; An Amalgam of Cultural and Biological Factors. VIRGINIA T. KIEFERT, University of South Florida, Dept. of Anthropology, Tampa, Fl., 33620. Anthropology focuses on the interaction between biology and culture. This interaction has application in improving health care in Florida. The present paper discusses the effects of a childbirth preparation program which inclu- ded education concerning the cultural influences that shape birthing experiences and the use of biofeedback assisted relaxation techniques to facilitate labor and delivery. The subjects' time in labor was reduced, medications required were minimal and responses to the post-delivery interview indicate successful incorporation of culturally specific information to individual needs. 9:45AM ANS-4 Social Factors, Health Knowledge and Health Attitudes: Participa- tion in a Cardiovascular Risk Reversal Program. CURTIS W. WIENKER and T.J. NORTHCUTT, JR. Univ. of South Florida, Tampa 33620. Questionnaires were administer- ed to 25 non-participants, 34 non-adherent participants, and 53 people who completed a cardiovascular risk reversal program. More than one-third of those encouraged to participate did not; another 25 percent did not continue participation in the multi- week program. The questionnaire concerned vital statistics, sociocultural factors, health knowledge and health attitudes. Results suggest that the program was effec- tive. Those exposed to the program, especially people who finished it, knew vital health knowledge concerning diet and cardiovascular disease prevention better than non-participants. Finished participants had significantly more correct responses than non-participants to four of 12 cardiovascular knowledge questions. Finished participants were significantly more social, Protestant, and health conscious, and less fatalistic than non-participants. Non-adherent participants were more health conscious and cardiovascular knowledgeable than non-participants. 10:00AM BREAK 1987 Supplement -5- Program Issue 10:15AM ANS-5 The Ethnography of an Extended Care Treatment Residence for Homeless Men wno Are Chronic Alcoholics. LOIS B. RANDOLPH, Department of Anthropol- ogy, Univ. of South Florida, Tampa 33620. My ethnographic study focuses upon the interactions of residents and staff at an alcoholism treatment facility for chronic public inebriates. Through direct observation, interviewing, and perusal of statistical material in agency files, | examined both resident and staff culture. My fundamental findings suggest that residents and staff are two separate subcultures interacting in a specific treatment milieu. My tentative conclusions suggest that an ethnography using the methodology of participant observation can lead to an understanding of the complex cultural patterns and processes involved in the treatment of alcoholism at a domiciliary for homeless men. 10:30AM ANS-6 Vitamin C and Dental Healing. R. A. HALBERSTEIN and G. M. ABRAHMSOHN, Department of Anthropology, University of Miami, Coral Gables 33124. The potential therapeutic value of ascorbic acid in facilitating recovery from oral surgery is investigated through the computerized statistical analysis of clinical and demographic data on 452 consecutive tooth extraction patients who visited a dental clinic in Miami, Florida. The 277 patients who were prescribed vitamin C post-surgically (500 mg. twice daily) exhibited significantly more rapid healing than the 175 control subjects who received placebos. The incidence of alveolalgia ("dry socket"), a painful and troublesome extraction complication, was over five times greater in the sub-sample not receiving vitamin C. Age, sex, and health history were not statistically correlated with healing rates. Recent research indicates that ascorbic acid might enhance dental healing by stimulating the immune system and hastening the proper formation of collagen and scar tissue. 10:45AM DISCUSSION: ROBERTA D. BAER Department of Anthropology University of South Florida FRIDAY 11:00AM BUSH 234 SESSION B: Cultural Anthropology CURTIS W. WIENKER, University of South Florida, presiding S72 OOM aa! Notes on the Swahili Cockfight: Survival and Adaptation in a Hostile Environment. PAUL GOLDSMITH, Department of Anthropology, 470 Grinter Hail, University of Florida, Gainesville 32602, Florida. The Swahili are a distinct cultural group in East Africa whose unique identity is the result of over a thou- Sand years of interaction and adaptation. The Swahili people themselves are an ethnic diversity contained within a cultural unity, and they represent a composite of influences both African and foreign. In turn, Swahili language and culture has exerted considerable influence on the continent and beyond. Perhaps more import- ant, Swahili represents an open-ended phenomenon of interaction and integration continually taking place in Africa. This essay will use the cultural symbol of the gamecock as a window onto critical aspects of Swahili culture and history. The dynamics of this form of interaction within the hostile setting of the African environment are then placed in comparative perspective with through reference to the laager as a cultural symbol, and events in South Africa. Florida Scientist oo Volume 50 11:15AM ANS-8 Urbanization in Frontier Areas. JAMES DIEGO HAY, Department of Anthropology, University of Florida. 1350 Turlington Hall, Gainesville, Florida, 32611. Urbanization in the tropical New World frontier cannot be explained by classical theories emphasizing administrative, marketing and traffic principles based on political, economic and ecological factors. Instead, a relationship be- tween changes in urban/rural ratios and the "stage" of frontier development indi- cates that urban areas function as catchments for a highly unstable "reserve army of rural labor." As the economy of a particular frontier area becomes increasing- ly articulated with national and international markets, land value and tenure ar- rangements change, and labor is either systematically expelled from the land at certain conjunctures or called back during other periods, with striking regularity. This paper presents a four-stage model of frontier development to explain this phenomenon from 1950 to the present in the major migration front passing through the states of Parand, Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso, Rondénia and Acre. 11:30AM ANS-9 Sexual Play and Hostility among the Mundurucu Indians. S. BRIAN BURKHALTER, Department of Anthropology, Univer- Sity of South Florida, Tampa, 33620. This paper explores the sexual roles of the Mundurucu Indians of Central Brazil and the sexual ten- Sion that arises from these respective roles. Sexually-linked sanc- tions may be quite severe in some instances; disapproved behavior may provoke, for example, a gang-rape of a insubordinant female or the assassination for sorcery of uncooperative males. Several games enact the tension, including dance forms and even a spirited chase of village men by packs of women. FRIDAY 11:45AM BUSH 234 BUSINESS MEETING: Anthropological Science CURTIS W. WIENKER, University of South Florida, presiding FRIDAY 3:00PM BUSH 234 SESSION C: Archeology J. RAYMOND WILLIAMS, University of South Florida, presiding 3:00PM ANS-109 Taphonomy: The Emergence of a Multidisciplinary Science. LEE ANDREA NABERGALL, Florida State University, Department of Anthropology, Tallahassee, 32306. The study of bone depositional processes, taphonomics, is a relatively new area of interest having been defined as late as the 1940s. Its birth was in response to the expanding accumulation of fossil material and the need to understand processes involved in fossil preservation. Taphonomy has continued to grow as a discipline and as a result of contributions from Many natural sciences such as geology, biology, chemistry and physical anthro- pology. This paper will discuss the development of taphonomic studies and current applications in this field of research using data from the Windover archaeological site (8BR246), Titusville, FL 1987 Supplement -7- Program Issue 3:15PM ANS-11l Archaeological Correlates of Ranking in Northern Safety Harbor Mortuary Sites. JEFFREY M. MITCHEM, Florida State Museum, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611. Recent archaeological research in the region north of Tampa Bay has provided a useful data base for studying aboriginal burial practices during the Safety Harbor phase (ca. A.D. 1000-1600), especially the latter portion of this period (post-A.D. 1528). The evidence for ranking and status differences reflected in mortuary remains will be reviewed, using generally accepted archaeological criteria from other parts of the Southeast. These data will be combined with ethnohistoric information to formulate testable hypotheses regarding social organization of the northern Safety Harbor groups. 3:30PM ANS-12Maya Settlement and Trade Patterns: The Preclassic to Postclassic Belizean Coast. GABRIELLE VAIL, New College of USF, 5700 N. Tamiami Trail, Sarasota, 33580. This paper examines the shift in settlement and trade patterns along the Belizean coast from the Pre— classic to the Postclassic Period and integrates these data into the framework of Pre-Hispanic Mayan civilization, Settlement density rose from less than ten documented Preclassic sites to almost forty Classic Period sites, a direct result of the increasing importance of long- distance trade networks which served as a stimulus to Mayan cultural development. Following the Late Classic Period, there was a substan- tial drop in settlement density along the coast; only fourteen sites were occupied during the Terminal Classic/Early Postclassic Period. During the subsequent Late Postclassic Period, eighteen known sites were occupied; this slight increase in settlement density is perhaps related to the establishment of circum-peninsular trade routes domi- nated by northern Yucatecan groups. 3:45PM ANS-13 Political Instability and the Evolution of Hierarchical Societies: Archaeological Evidence from the Tampa Bay Area. CLAUDINE PAYNE, Dept. of Anthropology, 1350 Turlington Hall, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611. The evolution of chiefdoms is an issue central to the study of hierarchical societies. Theoreticians have noted a pattern of formation and collapse, or reorganization, in the lifespan of chiefdoms. This tendency has been described in both the ethnographic literature and the archaeological literature and has been recognized in several parts of the prehistoric Southeast. In this paper I examine some of the reasons for political breakdown and propose a model for recognizing such devolution in the archaeological record. Data from the prehistoric and European contact period Tampa Bay area are provided as illustrations. 4:00PM ANS-14 An In Situ Method for Determining Decomposition Rates of Ship Wreck Sites. DAVID A. MUNCHER, Dept. of Anthropology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Fl. 32303. Nautical Archaeologists have long been aware that ship wrecks decay at varying rates which are affected by parameters such as environment distribution, and age of the site. Using reference probes and a standard voltmeter oxidation causing electrical activity of artifacts was measured underwater. Biological destruction by boring molluscs and bacteria was also measured using simple sampling techniques. The author would like to gratefully- acknowledge tbe help and guidance of Mr. Robert P. Brown, of the National Association of Corrosion Engineers, and Mr. Herbert D. Bump of the Florida Research and Conservation Laboratory. Florida Scientist =6= Volume 50 FRIDAY 4:15PM BUSH 234 STUDENT PAPER AWARDS VAR S.B. BURKHALTER, University of South Florida, presiding ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANOGRAPHIC SCIENCES FRIDAY 8:45AM BUSH 207 SESSION A , ae: WILLIAM SEAMAN, University of Florida, presiding 8:45AM AOS-1 Research Vessel Conversion - Science on a Shoestring. JACK MORTON, Florida Institute of Technology, Department of Ocean- ography and Ocean Engineering, Melbourne, 32901. When a vessel built for one purpose is later dedicated to another, substantial alteration is frequently called for. Such was the case when F.I.T. accepted a 95' Vietnam era patrol boat to convert to a coastal research vessel. This talk highlights some of the political, engi- neering, and financial considerations that attend such a venture, and offers some unsolited advice to those who would go and do like- wise. 9:00AM AOS-2 Is there a seasonal beach cycle? An assesment from the East Central Florida Coast. GARRY HOLEM AND DONALD K. STAUBLE, Dept. of Oceanography and Ocean Engineering, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901. An eight year record of beach profile elevation changes has been examined for two profile locations in Brevard County, Florida. This section of the east central Florida coast 48 km south of Cape Canaveral is an area of moderate to high wave energy, with a seasonal reversal in the direction of longshore drift. The sediments are relativily coarse (mean grain size of 0.30 mm) resulting in a average beach slope of 4 to 5 we Frequency and intensity of storms control the cycle of erosion/accreation along this microtidal coast. A conceptual model of the variation in profile shape and zones of cut and fill is presented and compared to other cyclic profiles reported in the literature. The effect of extreme events (ie. a beach nourishment project and the Thanksgiving weekend 1984 storm) on this cycle is also examined. An understanding of the cyclic nature of profiie response is necessary to develop a useful beach management program. 9:15AM AOS-3 Ozone Pepuration of Marine Vibrios From the Southern Quahog Clam. KEITH R. SCHNEIDER*, FRANK A. STESLOW, F.J. SIERRA, C.I. NOSS, AND G.E. RODRICK, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa. An increasing number of shellfish-borne human Vibrio infections in recent years has lead to a search for an effective way of purifying shellfish sent to market. Depuration is the process of purification whereby shellfish are allowed to filter feed in clean water, and purge itself of accumulated materials and organisms. Southern quahog (Mercenaria campechiensis) were artifi- cially infected with a known marine Vibrios and subjected to depura- tion using disolved ozone gas ina pilot scale system. The ozone treatment significantly reduced the number of Vibrios in the shell- fish meats without adversely affecting the shellfish. Near complete bacterial reduction was achieved in the recirculating seawater. 1987 Supplement oo Program Issue 9:30AM AOS-4 Depuration of Pathogenic Vibrio spp. from Crassostrea virginica using Ultraviolet Light. FRANK A. STESLOW*, K. R. SCHNEI- Beer. oO. SEERRA,-“and G. E. RODRICK, ‘College of Public Health, Uni- versity of South Florida, Tampa. Depuration is the process of puri- fication whereby shellfish are placed in disinfected, recirculating seawater and allowed to actively filter-feed. Both environmentally and artificially infected oysters (Crassostrea virginica) were sub- jected to depuration in a pilot scale system using ultraviolet light as a disinfectant. Extensive reductions of fecal coliforms, Vibrio vulnificus, and non-0l Vibrio cholerae were achieved in the seawater; however, less reduction of microorganisms was observed in the shell- fish meats. The artificially infected specimens demonstrated signi- ficantly higher reductions than the environmentally infected shell- fish. This suggests the presence of a persistent microbiological flora for which ultraviolet depuration may be ineffective. 9:45AM AOS-5 Effects of dredging on seagrass beds and the : reef building worm, Phragmatopoma lapidosa, at Sebastian Inlet, Florida. DEBORAH L. CHARVAT AND WALTER G. NELSON, Florida Inst. of Technology, 150 W. University Blvd., Melbourne 32905. Considerable concern exists in the state of Florida over the effects of dredging on seagrass beds and other habitat forming organisms such as the sabellariid worm, Phragmatopoma lapidosa. During dredging of the Sebastian Inlet, quarterly samples of adjacent seagrass beds and monthly samples of worm colonies were obtained over a two year period. No significant effect of the dredging on seagrass blade number, aboveground or belowground biomass, or on abundance of worms was detected. Funding by the Sebastian Inlet Tax District Commission. 10:00AM BREAK 10:30AM AOS-6 The stratigraphy of a microtidal lagoon/barrier island complex. SHARON F. BADER AND DONALD K. STAUBLE, Dept. of Oceanography and Ocean Engineering, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901. Facies changes identified by * Erg of sediments coliecied by vibra cores in the Indian River Lagoon indicate variability in the environments of lagconal sediment deposition. The low energy > microtidal lagoon under discussion is located along the east central Florida coast. Growth and development of the lagoon and associated barrier island complex through foo geological time is determined by three-dimentional stratigraphic analysis, grain size distribution patterns and geophysical well logs. The sediments in this lagoon vary from clays in the deeper basins and dredged intracoastal waterway, to shelly fine sands and silts typical of the lagoon floor, with clean, coarse, quartz sands in areas of higher energy near the shores and inlets. The interrelationship of the lagoonal/creek facies with the transgressive/regressive barrier island facies with its numerous historic overwash and inlet members is assesed. The localization of the Anastasia Fm. also appears to influence facies development. 10:45AM AOS-7 The Population Ecology of Clibanarius vittatus at Sebastian Inlet, Florida. WENDY A. LOWERY AND WALTER G. NELSON, Department of Biological Oceanography, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901. Monthly sam- ples of Clibanarius vittatus taken at Sebastian Inlet between November, 1985 and December, 1986 revealed a variable seasonal distribution and spatial clumping over the mud and sand flat area. Mean yearly abundance was 7.7 hermit crabs/m? with peaks in November (13.9 crabs/m?) and in March (13.8 crabs/m?) and a low in Jan- Florida Scientist =1¢= Volume 50 uary (1.5 crabs/m?). Fine mud and seagrass habitats appear to be preferred over sand bottom. A migration of large males (SL > 11 mm) was observed during the fall with their subsequent return in April, while females remained in the study area. Females tended to have a unimodal size distribution, while males showed a poly- modal size distribution with a broader range of size classes. The average sex ratio of females to males was 4:1, but January and April samples were nearly 1:1. Egg production occurred during April through September, while recruitment of small crabs (SL < 2 mm) into shells began in September and peaked in January. 11:00AM AOS-8 Relationships Between Bacterial Indicators, Bacterial Pathogens, and Environmental Parameters in Shellfish Harvesting Waters. FRANK J. SIERRA*, F.A. STESLOW, K.R. SCHNEIDER, AND G.E. RODRICK, College of Public Health, Univ. of So. Florida, Tampa. Standards for shellfish harvesting waters are established according to fecal coliform levels in the harvesting water. Despite this pre- caution, the incidence of oyster-borne gastroenteritis is increasing. Information demonstrating statistical relationships between fecal coliform levels and other bacterial indicators and pathogenic bac-— teria is lacking. Therefore, oysters (Crassostrea virginica), sea- water, and sediments were quantified for total and fecal coliform, fecal streptococci, Clostridium perfringens spores and vegetative cells, pathogenic Vibrio spp., and other Vibrio-like organisms. Various environmental parameters were measured. It was determined that: (1) more representative counts for all bacteria were obtained from the sediment than from the overlying waters, and (2) there is no correlation with Vibrio spp. and other indicator bacteria in seawater, oyster meats, or sediment. 11:15AM AOS-9 A Water Quality Index for Tampa Bay. R. N. BOLER, Hillsborough County Environmental Protection Commission, 1900 9th Avenue, Tampa 33605. An index to water quality of Tampa Bay has been developed. An extensive water quality data base for Tampa Bay has been amassed. From this data base, key parameters were identified and relative ecological importance of these parameters was established. These parameters were transformed to common units so that they could be combined into a single index of water quality. The transformation was achieved by assigning sub- index water quality units to the range established for each parameter. The derived sub-index value was multiplied by the parameter importance factor. These products for the various parameters were summed to establish the water quality index. The parameters used for this index were dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, chlorophyll a, total coliform, total phosphorous, effective light penetration (secchi) and total kjeldahl nitrogen. FRIDAY 11:30AM BUSH 207 BUSINESS MEETING: Atmospheric and Oceanographic Sciences WILLIAM SEAMAN, University of Florida, presiding FRIDAY 1:30PM ROOM 108, BUSH SCIENCE CENTER PLENARY SESSION I: Florida Academy of Sciences . PANGRATIOS PAPACOSTA, Stetson University, presiding FRIDAY 6:30PM CORNELL FINE ARTS CENTER PATIO SOCIAL FRIDAY 7:30PM SKILLMAN HALL BANQUET AND PLENARY SESSION II FLORIDA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Py 1987 Supplement -ll- Program Issue BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES FRIDAY 8:30AM BUSH 108 SESSION A: Botany S. HANES, Eckerd College, presiding 8:30AM BIO-1 The Role of Algal Exudates in the Growth of a Marine, Benthic Dinoflagellate. MATTHEW G. RUBIO AND JEFFREY W. BOMBER, Florida Institute of Tech- nology, Department of Oceanography and Ocean Engineering, Melbourne, 32901. Unial- gal, axenic cultures of the marine, benthic dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus toxicus (strain F. I. T. GT600A) grown in K culture medium, with and without NaEDTA, were exposed to gradually increasing concentrations of an algal extract (from 0 to 10 ml extract/100 ml K), derived from the rhodophyte Heterosiphonia gibbessi. Growth rates were determined via number of cell divisions/day, using in vivo turbidity. Preliminary results show that growth rate enhancement occurred when algal extracts were present in the culture medium, and maximum values were found at the 6 ml ex- tract/100 ml K concentration. Algal exudates are believed to have a chelating effect. When grown in absence of NaEDTA (a synthetic chelator), G. toxicus reached growth rates of 0.73 divisions/day. However, when NaEDTA is present, growth rates are drastically reduced (0.35 divisions/day), presumably due to an overchelating PRECe « 8:45AM BIO-2 A Biosystematic Study of the Fern Genus Lygodium in Eastern North America. V. M. BROWN. Dept. of Biological Sciences, Univ. of Central Florida, Orlando 32816. The mainly tropical genus Lygodium differs from other ferns in that the fronds are indeterminate and are vine-like. A single species, L. palmatum is native in temperate North America. The temperate Asian L. japonicum is naturalized throughout much of the southeastern United States. About twenty-five years ago, L. microphyllum was introduced into South Florida and is naturalized in several counties. The present study documents differences among spores and their generation, development of sporophytes from the fertilized egg, and in flavonoid chemistry. Hybridization experiments showed a strong possibility for cross fertility between species. Experiments with prothallial development and differentiation revealed that environment influenced variation and gametangium formation. Greater similarity in sporophyte developmental stages and in frond phytochemistry show that the native L. palmatum is phenetically closer to the tropical L. microphyllum than to L. japonicum. All three species are clearly distinct at all levels examined. 9:00AM BIO-3 Epiphylls in the Rainforests of Vanuatu. H. A. MILLER and V. M. BROWN. Dept. of Biological Sciences, Univ. of Central Florida, Orlando 32816. The south Pacific islands of the Republic of Vanuatu have numerous cloud covered mountain rainforests. The constantly high humidity and cool temperatures combine to create ideal conditions for the growth of epiphyllous Hepaticae. The most numerous and diverse forms belong to Cololejeunea. On fern fronds, particularly, Colura species were found. Tree and bush leaves often have extensive cover of the anise- scented Leptolejeuneae. Genera encountered less frequently as epiphylls include Lejeunea, Harpalejeunea, Drepanolejeunea, Aphanolejeunea, Metzgeriopsis, Metzgeria and Radula. True mosses usually are not found affixed to leaves, save Ephemeropsis tjibodensis, but several Meteoriaceae were encountered which had some rhizoidal attachment to leaves as well as to stems. Our preliminary studies indicate that the epiphyllous hepatic flora of Vanuatu is much more diverse than that known from any island group in Micronesia or tropical Polynesia. (The assistance of National Science Foundation Grant BSR 82-15056 is gratefully acknowledged.) Florida Scientist ~1l2- Volume 50 9:15AM BIO-4 Seasonality of Chara sp., a freshwater macrophyte, in southwest Florida. DOUGLAS MORRISON, Dept. Engineering and Aquatic Science, City of Cape Coral, FL 33915. Chara sp. (Chlore= phyta) is the most common freshwater macrophyte in the Cape Coral (Florida) waterway system. The population and physiological ecology of Chara in this system was studied for 1 year. Photosynthesis and respiration were measured monthly using an in situ light-dark bottle oxygen method. Abundance (biomass) was surveyed every 2-3 months. Apparent net photosynthesis exhibited significant (P< 0.05) seasonal variation, with highest rates from July to October (13.3 + 0.6 mgO>/ g/h). Net photosynthesis was significantly correlated with ambient temperature, but not ambient nutrient levels or irradiance. Dark respiration (1.7 + 0.1 mgO9/g/h) did not vary significantly over the year. Abundance displayed a seasonal pattern similar to net photem Synthesis. Partially funded by a grant from GAC Pollution Recovery Trust Fund. 9:30AM BIO-5 Understory of the Miami Rock Ridge Pinelands. A. HERNDON, South Florida Researcn Center, Everglades National Park, Homestead 33030. The understory of the Miami Rock Ridge Pinelands changes from a temperate species assemblage to a tropical species assemblage over the distance of only 30 miles. Most of the temperate species drop out in the zone where the white sands of the Rockdale series grade into the shallower, iron-rich sandy loam of the Rockdale series although several do transcend this boundary. North of this boundary, the tropical species are invariably associated with areas of rock outcrop in the pinelands and are abundant in accordance with the degree of rock outcropping. The understory species which are found throughout the Miami Rock Ridge include the palms Serenoa repens and Sabal palmetto, but are mainly endemic species or members of endemic species complexes such as Borreria terminalis, Jacquemontia curtissii, Tripsacum floridanum, the Chamaesyce deltoidea complex and the Galactia pinetorum complex. 9:45AM BIO-6 A Phenological Study of the Wetlands Flora of the Tosohatchee State Reserve, DAVID L. HANON, Univ. of Central Florida, Dept. of Biological Sciences, Orlando, 32816. A comparative study of the flowering and vegetative cycles of more than 350 vascular plant species is being conducted in the Tosohatchee State Reserve with data from the first year now available. Phenologies of uncommon species were expanded by addition of information derived from herbarium specimens collected from the Central Florida climatic tension zone. Common species were found blooming at times other than those indicated in recent botanical literature in some cases. Ophioglossum palmatum, the hand fern, a tropical species at the northern extremity of its range, was found to be damaged, apparently as a result of successive cold winters, but recovery was observed during the summer growing season. We believe that the study of the phenology of species which reach either their southern or northern limit of distribution will contribute to understanding of biogeographic phenomena. FRIDAY 1:30PM ROOM 108, BUSH SCIENCE CENTER PLENARY SESSION I: Florida Academy of Sciences PANGRATIOS PAPACOSTA, Stetson University, presiding 1987 Supplement -13- Program Issue FRIDAY 8:45AM BUSH 114 SESSION B: Fish Biology val R. EDWARDS, Mote Marine Laboratory, presiding 8:45AM BIO-7 The Genetic and Environmental Bases of Size and Age at Maturity in the Sailfin Molly, Poecilia latipinna. JOEL TREXLER. Dept. of Biology, Eckerd College, P.O. Box 12560, St. Petersburg. Sailfin mollies are brackish water Poeciliid fishes. Males conserve their size at maturity across a variety of environments through a delay in the onset of maturation when conditions are stressful. Females display a similar delay though less marked and environmental factors influence their maturation process more greatly than males. Genetic differences among populations in size at maturity are most pronounced in males. I determined this through a laboratory factorial experiment where 2 temperatures, 2 food levels, 3 salinities, and population of Origin were crossed, Families were used as a blocking factor to provide the most powerful test possible in detecting inter-population differences, 9:00AM BIO-8 Variation in Body Lipid and Condition, and Their Relationship to Reproduction in the Sailfin Molly (Poecilia latipinna). RICHARD E. SMITH, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816. Teleost fishes store energy primarily in the form of lipid and lipid reserves are important in the generative processes associated with reproduction. Female sailfin mollies were collected from two brackish water sites in east-central Florida between January 1985 and January 1986. Standard length and dry weight measurements were used to formulate a condition factor for each fish. Lipids were extracted and their proportion of the dry body weight calculated. Analyses were performed to determine if lipid and/or condition factor varied on a seasonal basis, in association with the gestation cycle, or between habitats. This information is crucial to understanding observed patterns of reproduction and the overall reproductive strategy of the species. 9:15AM BIO-9 Cioning of Snook Mitochondrial DNA and Its Application to Fish Population Genetics. MAURIZIO A. MANGINI, Marine Science Dept., USF, 140 7th Ave. So., St. Petersburg, Florida 33701. Two readily accessible molecular biology tech- miques were developed and applied to fish population genetics. The first was for cloning fish mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and the second for the rapid screening of endonuclease generated mtDNA restriction fragments. The protocols were applied to examine the genetic distance between populations of snook, Centropomus undecimals, separated by the Florida Peninsula. The cloning experiment obtained 3 mtDNA frag- ments, yielding a snook mtDNA genome size of ca. 17.4 kilobasepairs. The occur- rence of mtDNA restriction polymorphism between E. and W. Florida snook was exam- ined. Both cloned snook and bovine mtDNA were used as molecular probes. Our results generated by 6 base pair "cutter" endonucleases, indicate the populations sampled represent subsets of a large, panmictic Florida snook population. Acknowledgements are made for technical assistance to Dr. J.C. Cochrane, J.H. Paul and J.C. Briggs. This research was funded in part by Florida Sea Grant IR8510. Florida Scientist =a Volume 50 9:30AM BIO-10 Effects of Stocking Density and Food Quantity on the Growth of Laboratory Reared Snook, Centropomus undecimalis. MARY HIGBY AND JAY SPRINKEL, New College, Box 338, 5700 North Tamiami Trail, Sarasota 34243; Mote Marine Laboratory, 1600 City Island Park, Sarasota 33577. To determine the range of effects of food ration and stocking density on the growth of juvenile snook, two studies were performed: 1) uniform stocking density (4 fish/38 1 tank) and variable food ration (7%, 10%, 20%, 30% body weight); 2) uniform food ration and variable stocking density (1, 4, 8 fish/38 1 tank). Over ten weeks, calculations of growth depensa- tion (GD), coefficient of variation (CV), and daily growth rate were made weekly. GD was greatest in the 10% ration and 4 fish/tank treatments, and was least in the 20% ration and 8 fish/tank treatments. CV was greatest in the 10% ration and 1 fish/tank treatments, and least in the 20% ration and 4 fish/tank treatment. Growth rate was greatest in the 20% ration treatment. 9:45AM BIO-11 Growth of the Snook (Centropomus undecimalis) in Different Salinities and with Various Commercially-Available Formulated Diets. D.A. BRUZEK, J. SPRINKEL, E.R. GRAHAM and K. MAHADEVAN, Mote Marine Laboratory, 1600 City Island Park, Sarasota 33577. Growth of pond-reared juvenile snook was evaluated at 0, 5, 10, 20 and 30 ppt salinities. Length and weight measurements were taken every 30 days for 180 days. Slightly better growth (not significant) occurred at 20 ppt where maximum growth rates were 0.66 mm/day standard length and 0.29 g/day weight. Growth of pond-reared and laboratory-reared juvenile snook fed four commercial ly- available formulated diets (two salmon feeds and two trout feeds) was also evalu- ated. Length and weight measurements were taken every fourteen days for 98 days. Growth of snook fed either of the two salmon diets (maximum growth rate 0.60 mm/day standard length and 0.22 g/day weight) was comparable to that of snook fed natural diets. Growth of snook fed either of the two trout diets (maximum growth rate 0.15 mm/day standard length and 0.04 g/day weight) was significantly less than that of snook fed the salmon or natural diets. 10:00AM BREAK 10:15AM BIO-12Notes on Occurence of Rays in the Indian River Lagoon System, Florida. THOMAS H. SCHMID AND F.F. SNELSON, JR., Department of Biological Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando FL, 32826. Seven species of rays have been reported with reasonable certainty from the Indian River lagoon system on the central east coast of Florida. Data were collected from 311 rays of six species during the summer and fall of 1982, 1983, 1985, and 1986. Dasyatis sayi was found the most abundant species, D. americana the least abundant. Both males and females of all species were caught with the notable exception of Gym- nura micrura, all 35 specimens of which were females. Size-frequency data sug- gest that both immature and mature Dasyatis sayi, D. americana, and Aetobatus narinari frequent these waters. 10:30AM BIO-12 Aspects of the Life History of Hogchokers, Trinectes maculatus, in Myakka River, Florida. THERESE L. EAST, T. DUANE PHILLIPS and ERNEST D. ESTEVEZ, Mote Marine Laboratory, 1600 City Island Park, Sarasota 335/77. Larval and juvenile hogchokers, Trinectes maculatus, were collected with plankton nets and otter trawls in the tidal Myakka River and upper Charlotte Harbor from September, 1985 through December, 1986. Hogchokers exhibited a protracted spawning season beginning in May and ending in November with peak larval densities occurring from June through 1987 Supplement -15- Program Issue October. Smallest larvae (<3 mm SL) were most abundant in the higher salinity area near the mouth of the river during the early summer months. Late postlarvae and early juveniles (10-18 mm SL) were most abundant in freshwater 12 miles or more upriver. Hogchokers are planktonic until about 18 mm SL after which they become benthic. Juvenile and adult hogchokers collected by trawl ranged from 16.0 mm SL to 99.0 mm SL. Young-of-the-year hogchokers were most numerous at the farthest upriver stations in the spring but were commonly taken at downstream stations in the fall. Largest individuals occurred near the river mouth. Sponsored by Sarasota County. 10:45AM BIO-14The use of triploid grass carp for aquatic plant management. J.A. OSBORNE. Dept. of Biological Sciences, University of Central Florida. P.O. Box 25000, Orlando, Florida 32816. The development of the sterile, triploid grass carp by J.M. Malone Enterprises, Inc., Lonoke, Arkansas has provided Florida and the nation with a sound, cost effective tool for aquatic weed control for many types of aquatic ecosystems. Feeding trials in UCF experimental ponds have shown their feeding rate to be similar to that for diploid grass carp. When the triploids were stocked at low numbers in hydrilla infested lakes in conjunction with an aquatic herbicide treatment, native vegetation has survived in some cases even though hydrilla was eliminated. The fish has made the use of herbicides unnecessary in some lakes. When using the triploid grass carp, emphasis should be placed on stocking rate, target plants and lake usage. 11:00AM BIO-15 Ulcerative Disease Syndrome (UDS) in Florida Fish: Institutional Strategies to Solve Environmental Problems. THOMAS SAVAGE, Florida Department of Environmental Regulation, Tallahassee, Florida 32399-2400. Throughout most of the southern Atlantic Seaboard a degenerative disease of commercial and sport fish, known as Ulcerative Disease Syndrome (UDS), has caused concern among state and federal marine resource and environmental agencies. Recently, Florida has become the site of special efforts since the outbreak of the syndrome in the lower St. Johns River, near Jacksonville in the spring of 1985. Preliminary findings indicate that the same disease is affecting the fish along the entire Atlantic Seaboard. The major agent of the disease is a degenerative fungus able to invade a wide variety of estuarine fish, including bluefish, toadfish, menhaden and seatrout. The true nature of the syndrome will require investigations covering a a broad spectrum of disciplines and coordination among local, state and federal agencies. With support from the 1986 Florida Legislature, this effort is underway. FRIDAY 11:30AM BUSH 108 BUSINESS MEETING: Biological Sciences J. REYNOLDS, Eckerd College, presiding FRIDAY 10:15AM BUSH 108 SESSION C: Animal Behavior J. TREXLER, Eckerd College, presiding 10:15AM BIO-16 Migrant Birds Killed at the Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB), John F. Kennedy Space Center. WALTER KINGSLEY TAYLOR AND MARK A. KERSHNER, Dept. of Biological Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32216. Over 5000 individuals representing 62 species of migrant birds were killed during spring and autumn migrations at the VAB. The large kills were associated with inclement, frontal weather conditions. The overall species composition of the VAB Florida Scientist -16- Volume 50 kills for both seasons is similar to that reported at two television tower sites in Florida. The relative abundance of individuals for certain species killed at the VAB is more similar to that found at the central Florida towers near Bithlo than at the northwest Florida site on Tall Timbers Research Station. Males outnumbered females in six species of wood warblers collected in the spring. 10:30AM BIO-17 Size Selective Predation by the Snowy Egret, Leucophoyx thula. MARION MEYER AND JOEL TREXLER. Bio. Dept., Eckerd College, P.O. Box T2560, SE. Petersburg, 33733. We tested the hypothesis that wading birds act as size selec- tive agents of mortality for their prey by examining the feeding habits of the snowy egret, Leucophoyx thula. We placed various sizes of sailfin mollies, Poecilia latipinna, in a children's wading pool; the pool was placed in a pond frequented by several species of wading birds. Egrets enterred the pool and were allowed to forage until approximately half of the fish were removed, at which time we measured the remaining fish. Statistical analyses indicated no change in the average size of fish before and after predation. However, in all trials the largest individuals were removed while the smallest individuals were frequently left. If egrets show a preference for large prey it is not a strong one. 10:45AM BIO-18 Feeding by Talitrid Amphipods on Seagrasses from the Indian River Lagoon. R. FEMMER, B. BOOK, J. CURLEY, AND R. TURNER, Biological Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne 32901. Semiterrestrial talitrid amphipods along the shores of Florida bays and lagoons are potential decomposers of seagrasses ine beach wrack. We studied the preference of and fragmentation by Orchestia platensis given the seagrasses Halodule wrightii, Halophila engelmannii, and Syringodium fili- forme, live blades of which were oven dried before use. In each of 8 replicate trials, 10 amphipods were given equal weights of rehydrated seagrass of each species in separate dishes and a fourth dish of plain seawater for 5 days. Chi-square anal- ysis indicated that amphipods preferentially occupied the seawater on Days 1-3 and Halophila on Days 4 and 5, Dry weights of the seagrasses were significantly reduced over controls (no amphipods) by Day 5: Halodule, 25% reduction over control value; Halophila, 28%; Syringodium, 15%. Differences in preference and fragmentation might be due to seagrass-specific variation in blade morphology and composition, secondary plant substances, and rates of leaching and decay. 11:00AM BIO-19 Nesting of the aquatic salamander Amphiuma means. M. P. HAYES AND P. N. LAHANAS, Department of Biology, P. 0. Box 249118, University of Miami, Coral Gables 33124. We provide the third description of a nest of the aquatic salamander Amphiuma means with a summary of nesting data for amphiumid salamanders. A female A. means coiled around 26 eggs was found in a small cavity on a well-veyetated ca- nal bank along State Route 94, Dade County, FL. The nest was found in loose soil 20 cm above the waterline, 1.5 m from the edge of the canal, and had an access to the waterline via an oblique, 33 cm tong tunnet. Location of the nest matches pre- vious descriptions, supporting the hypothesis that eggs are Taid out of water. Eggs exposed to desiccatory conditions (placed on a dry substrate in air having <40% relative humidity) lose 2-12% of their mass per hour. Over a 12 h exposure, this change in mass seemed to be capsular water Toss. Clusters of 2-3 eggs dehy- drate only half as fast as single eggs. Thus, egg clustering by the brooding fe- male's coiled posture may significantly reduce the rate of egg water loss passively. 1987 Supplement -17- : Program Issue 11:15AM BIO-20 Loggerhead Sea Turtle Nesting Activities on the Central Florida West Coast with Emphasis on the Tagging Program. VICKI L. WIESE, JENNY L. MAPES and SUZANNE HOFMANN, Mote Marine Laboratory, 1600 City Island Park, Sarasota 33577. Five barrier islands along the central Florida west coast have been monitored since 1982 to determine the extent of loggerhead turtle nesting in the area. A minimal tagging effort occurred during 1983 through 1985. Since 1982 the number of nests has increased at all five sites. Although increases are primarily the result of an enhanced monitoring effort, an expanded 1986 tagging program suggests that a number of these increases may be attributed to the appearance of first-time nesters in this area. During the peak of the 1986 nesting season, 82 female loggerheads were tagged. Fifteen of these turtles were resighted, some of them more than once. Cumulative results of the tagging program indicate that females may return to nest as frequently as four times in a single season; the nesting interval is 11-12 days, and there is relocation among islands. Scheduled activities for 1987 will include an augmented tagging program. FRIDAY 11:30AM BUSH 108 BUSINESS MEETING: Biological Sciences J- REYNOLDS, Eckerd College, presiding FRIDAY 1:30PM ROOM 108, BUSH SCIENCE CENTER PLENARY SESSION I: Florida Academy of Sciences PANGRATIOS PAPACOSTA, Stetson University, presiding FRIDAY 3:00PM BUSH 108 SESSION D: Habitat Evaluation and Community Ecology K. ADKINS, Henigar and Ray Engineering Associates, presiding FAS BIO POSTER Juvenile Shell Morphology as an Aid in Distinguishing Helisoma duryi from Biomphalaria spp. J. SULLIVAN, K. SCHNEIDER AND G. RODRICK. Helminthic Diseases Br., Div. Parasitic Diseases/CID, CDC, USPHS, Atlanta GA 30333; Coll. Publ. Hlth, USF, Tampa 33609. 3:00PM BIO-21 Effects of Seasonal Salinity Changes on Benthic Functioning in a Mangrove Estuary in Southwestern Florida. R.E. EDWARDS, Mote Marine Laboratory, 1600 City Island Park, Sarasota 33577. Sediment oxygen demand (SOD) and benthic nutrient fluxes were monitored in the East River in the Ten-Thousand Islands region. SOD (sampling period mean) ranged from 21.5 to 120 (time-weighted mean = 71,3) ml m2 hr-2. Benthic ammonium flux ranged from 1.2 to 432 (mean = 174) umol m2 hr-2, and benthic phosphate flux ranged from 0.62 to 65.7 (mean = 22.8) umol m2 hr-2, Acute changes in salinity, which seasonally ranged from 1 to 409/00, resulted in acute decreases in SOD and nutrient fluxes. The O:N:P flux ratio was about 212:5.8:0.8 (atoms) and probably reflects the stoichiometry of mangrove detritus which is the dominant source of benthic organic input. Subtidal benthic metabolism and remineralization are important components of the energy flow and nutrient cycles in these mangrove systems. Florida Scientist =13= Volume 50 3:15PM BIO-22 Habitat and Substratum Preferences of the Isopod Wood-Borer, Sphaeroma terebrans on the Florida Gulf Coast. G.A. BLANCHARD, E.D. ESTEVEZ and S.A. RICE, Mote Marine Laboratory, 1600 City Island Park, Sarasota 33577 and University of Tampa, Division of Science and Mathematics, Tampa 33606. Fifty- seven sites on the Florida Gulf coast were surveyed to assess the damage caused by the isopod wood-borer, Sphaeroma terebrans to wooden marine structures. Attack was found to chemically treated and untreated piling and other substrata such as plastics in estuarine environments where the organism was most common. Nearly all (90%) of the survey sites had vulnerable wood and most (60%) were situated in areas where Sphaeroma could occur. Sphaeroma distribution does not substantially overlap with the other common isopod wood-borer Limnoria but damage accumulates more Slowly. The distribution of Sphaeroma, a filter feeder, within an estuary is independent of the distribution of woody substrata. Attack to the roots of non-woody plants such as Juncus and natural inorganic substrata such as soft rock is common. Salinities above 4-8 ppt are required for boring and reproduction. 3:30PM BIO-23 The Oyster Reef Fauna from Three Selected Florida West Coast River Systems. JAY F. GORZELANY, Mote Marine Laboratory, 1600 City Island Park, Sarasota 33577. Oyster samples (Crassostrea virginica) were collected from stations along 3 Florida west coast rivers (Withlacoochee, Crystal and Weeki Wachee) and processed for oyster faunal analysis. Sampling was conducted quarterly over a 2-year period. Greater than 160,000 individuals representing 236 taxa were identified and enumer- ated. Abundance and diversity varied seasonally. Variations in fauna were observed between rivers and also between stations along each river. Increases in abundance and diversity, as well as a change in composition from a crustacean-dominant community to a polychaete/mollusc-dominant community were found with increasing distance from shore. Replacement of several important species was also observed. The most important factor controlling distribution and diversity of oyster fauna appears to be salinity, although additional factors (temperature and turbidity) may become locally and seasonally important. Because oysters are distributed over a wide range of salinities, a suite of common oyster faunal species which may be used as salinity indicators is discussed. 3:45PM BIO-24 Distribution of Marine and Estuarine Oligochaetes from Coastal Florida. MICHAEL R. MILLIGAN, Mote Marine Laboratory, 1600 City Island Park, Sarasota 33577. Oligochaetes were collected for two years from four coastal areas in western Florida. Tubificidae was the predominant family in all estuaries. These data were compared with preexisting distributional records from the Gulf of Mexico and Florida. Fifty-one species of marine and estuarine Tubificidae are now known to occur statewide. Forty percent of these have not been collected outside Florida waters. Twenty-nine taxa have been reported from the west coast and forty-two from the east coast. The distribution of marine oligochaetes throughout the Gulf of Mexico and eastern seaboard appears to be influenced by the loop current and Gulf stream with temperature being a regulating factor. Funding was provided by the Southwest Florida Water Management District. 4:00PM BIO-25 Some Habitat Characteristics of a Proposed Competitor of Schis- tosome Vector Snails, Helisoma duryi, in Central Florida. J. SULLIVAN, P. DOORIS, G. DOORIS AND G. RODRICK. Helminthic Diseases Br., Div. Parasitic Diseases/CID, CDC, USPHS, Atlanta GA 30333; HDR, Tampa 33609; St. Leo Coll., St. Leo 33574; USF, Tampa 33612. Although the planorbid snail, Helisoma duryi, has been proposed as an agent for biological control of schistosome vector snails, field studies of H. duryi are limited both in this context in schistosome endemic areas and in its own natural range, Peninsular Florida. This snail was found in 75% of 40 sites sampled primar- 1987 Supplement -19- Program Issue ily in the Hillsborough and Withlacoochee River Basins. Based on values for Ca and total hardness, HCO, concentration, conductivity and pH, H. duryi tolerates a wide range of conditions, which may in part account for its successful introductions abroad. However, the apparent restriction of larger populations (no. H. duryi col- lected/unit time) to ponds with dense vegetation may impose limits to its potential competitive interactions with schistosome intermediate hosts. Supported in part by UNDP/World Bank/WHO Program for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases. 4:15PM BREAK 4:30PM BIO-26 Community Structure of Planktonic Ciliated Protozoans aeeneteators Of Lake Trophic State. BEAVER, J.R. and T.L. CRISMAN. University of Florida, Dept. of Environmental Engineering Sciences, Gainesville, FL 32611. The community structure of ciliated proto- zoans was examined in 30 Florida lakes constituting a broad range of trophic conditions. It was found that acidic oligotrophic lakes had reduced species diversity, abundance, biomass, and were dominated by the larger ( 30u) members of the Oligotrichida. Culturally hyper- eutrophic lakes had increased species diversity, abundance, biomass and were dominated by the smaller ( 30u) members of the Scuticocil- iatida. Temperature and chlorophyll a concentrations were highly correlated with various components of ciliate populations and are proposed as temporal controlling factors. Vorticella and Mesodinium pulex were found to be the best indicator taxa for trophic state. 4:45PM BIO-27 Conditions controlling wetland development on a phoshate-mined site in central Florida. C. BERSOK, Center for Wetlands, University of Florida. Gainesville, Fl. 32611. A three-year old wetland at Agrico's Fort Green mine in Polk County was studied with regard to hydroperiod, marsh plant organization, seed inputs, and successional enhancement through plantings of wetland tree species. Vegetation density was a function of localized elevational differences and previous year's hydroperiod. Emergent plants were identified with particular ranges of hydroperiod. Annual seed input was limited to local marsh plant species and did not include tree seeds. Mean survival of planted bare-root seedlings of Taxodium distichum and Nyssa aquatica after one year was 84.4%; plot preparation by clearing did not significantly affect survival of either species. T. distichum exhibited greater survival and height than N. aquatica under both cleared and control conditions. 5:00PM BIO-28 A Comparison of Vegetation on Five Gulf Coast Spoil Disposal Sites. KIRK M. STAGE, CHANDLER L. CLARKSON, DAVID L. EVANS, E. LYNN MOSURA AND BUFORD C. PRUITT, Water and Air Research, Inc., P.O. Box 1121, Gainesville 32602. Vegetation mapping of five loca- tions along the northern Gulf coast between Pensacola, Florida and Pascagoula, Mississippi was carried out during 1986. These sites are located in areas previously used for dredge disposal. Communities mapped include both freshwater and estuarine wetlands as well as upland communities in various stages of succession. Comparisons between sites with respect to dredging history will be reviewed. 5:15PM BIO-29 The Siting of Dredged Material Disposal Sites Along the Intracoastal Waterway with Emphasis on Ecological Concerns. E. LYNN MOSURA, Water and Air Research, Inc., P.O. Box 1121, Gainesville 32682. The Florida Inland Navigation District (FIND) has initiated a program to identify suitable long-range dredge disposal areas for a 38 mile portion of the Intracoastal Waterway in Nassau and Duval counties. Environmentally sensitive resources and rapid development along this corridor has prompted FIND to identify and plan for Florida Scientist 520> Volume 50 disposal needs projected for the next 58 years. A disposal concept consisting of three requirements was developed and the corridor screened for potential sites. Using this approach 29 sites were selected for further ecological and engineering evaluation. Upon further analyses and surveys nine primary sites and six secondary sites were identified as suitable dredge disposal sites during Phase I of the project. : FRIDAY 3:00PM BUSH 114 SESSION E: General Zoology C. LUER, Mote Marine Laboratory, presiding 3:00PM BIO-30 Phenotypic Comparisons of Dasypus novemcinctus from Florida and venezuela. IRASEMA B. ORTEGA, ELEANOR E. STORRS, Medical Research Institute, Fla. Institute of Technology, 3325 West New Haven Avenue, Melbourne, Fla. 32904. Common long-nosed armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus L) from Florida and Venezuela have been examined. Two types from Venezuela appear phenotypically differnt, and these also differ from the Florida animals. Among measurements which are com- pared are total length, tail length, ear length, band and scute num- bers, and several cranial measurements. Photos will also be used to document some of the physical differences. 3:15PM BIO-31 Gross and Microscopic Anatomy of the Kidney of the West Indian Manatee, Trichechus manatus. D.A. HILL AND J.E. REYNOLDS, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa 33613, and Eckerd College, St. Petersburg, 33733. Examination of the gross and microscopic anatomy of the kidney of the West Indian Manatee revealed that: 1) the cortex : medulla thickness ratio is approximately 1: 6; 2) juxtamedullary glomeruli have a mean diameter 1.3 times greater than that of cortical glameruli; 3) juxtamedullary glameruli have 1.7 times more volume, on average, than cortical glomeruli; 4) there are about twice as many cortical glomeruli as juxtamedullary glomeruli per square millimeter of kidney cortex; 5) vasa rectae lie closely juxtaposed to thin loops of Henle in the outer medulla; and 6) the renal pelvis can be classified as simple. These results suggest same enhanced urine concentrating ability for West Indian manatees. 3:30PM BIO-32 Effects of Fixation and Serial Dehydration on Shrinkage in Common Snook Prolarvae (Centropomus undecimalis). M. F. WOOTEN, R. 0. REESE, AND W. J. CONLEY, Nat. Sci. Dept., St. Petersburg Jr. Coll., Fl. Dept. Nat. Resoure., Bureau Marine Research, St. Petersburg. Five fixatives (Bouin's, Davidson's, phosphate buf- fered glutaraldehyde and paraformaldehyde, 10% formalin/seawater) were compared to evaluate shrinkage in mean standard length (MSL) of prolarvae at initial fixation, after 90 day storage in fixative and after serial dehydration. Bouin's and Davidson's fixed larvae shrunk in MSL 9.31% and 13.97%, respectively; maximum shrinkage was un- changed whether larvae were stored in fixative or dehydrated. Larvae fixed in glutar- aldehyde for 90 days were not significantly different in MSL from live measurements; however MSL shrunk 12.72% following dehydration. Paraformaldehyde fixed larvae had a maximum shrinkage of 4.97% at 90 days; dehydration resulted in total shrinkage of 16.72%. Larvae fixed in formalin/seawater shrunk 5.81% at 90 days; dehydration re- sulted in total shrinkage of 12.25%. Observations of changes in morphological clarity were noted. Project was supported by Fl. Dept. Nat. Resourc., Bur. Marine Research. 1987 Supplement -21- Program Issue 3:45PM BIO-33 Assessing the Status of Rotifer Mass Cultures. BOYER, E.M. and SNELL, T.W., Division of Science, University of Tampa, Tampa, FL 33606. Rotifers are widely used as live larval feed in aquaculture. The stability of rotifer mass cultures, however, remains a critical unresolved problem. It would be useful to develop indicators that can assess the health status of rotifer mass cultures and serve as an early warning of trouble. We have developed two in- dicators that are sensitive, easy to measure and have quick response time. A swimming activity test is described based on the measurement of rotifers swim- ming over a grid. Results are obtained in minutes and are sensitive indicators of physiological stress in the mass culture. For un-ionized ammonia, swimming activity is 30 times more sensitive an indicator than an LC59 test. Birth rate is also a sensitive indicator, but there is a 18-24 hr time lag between exposure to stress and a change in birth rate. Techniques are described for estimating the instantaneous birth rate of a rotifer population. Data on egg ratios in mass cultures and developmental time over a range of temperatures are presented. 4:00PM BIO-34 Characteristics of the Mate Recognition Factor in the Rotifer Brachionus plicatilis. CHILDRESS, M.J. and SNELL, T.W. Division of Science, University of Tampa, Tampa, FL 33606. Rotifer females have a species-specific mate recognition factor associated with their body surface. Males recognize females by contact chemoreception of this factor. Copulation was attempted in 61% of male encounters with live females. Male mating activity with freeze-killed females was not significantly different from live females. Males demonstrated no mating activity with heat-killed females. When females were heated to 100°C, they lost male mating activity linearly (Y= -.073x + 26.4, R2 = .943). Exposure of freeze- killed females to proteinase K and pronase E also resulted in loss of male mating activity. After 60 min incubation at 37°C, no mating attempts by males were observed for either enzyme. The heat lability and sensitivity to protease degradation of the male recognition factor suggests that it is a protein. Seeeem BEO-35 Scorpian, Pseucoscorpion, and Opilionid Faunas in Se@eeweoneral Flarida Plant Communities. DAVID 1. COREY and WALTER emery BAYLOR, Department of Siological Sciences, University of pee toriddda, P.9.30x% 25009, Orlanda, Fl. 322816. Ground surface Sapulstions of scorpions, dseudoscorpions, and opilionids were Semetee TOr One year using pitfall traps set in pond pine, sand pine scrub, and flatwoods communities in central Florida. Forty-two scorpions (1 species), 41 pseudoscorpions (5 families and 6 species), ama 248 opilionids (2 families and 3 species) were collected. This meeeewas Stidported by a grant from the Exline-Frizzell Fund for Rrachnological Research, Grant no. 8. FRIDAY 6:30PM CORNELL FINE ARTS CENTER PATIO SOCIAL FRIDAY 7:30PM SKILLMAN HALL BANQUET AND PLENARY SESSION II FLORIDA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Florida Scientist -22- Volume 50 COMPUTER SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS FRIDAY 3:00PM BUSH 207 SESSION A R.L. BURKE, Barry University, presiding 3:00PM CSM=1 CBT —- CAL: Focus on Evaluation, TERENCE JAMES THOMPSON, FH.D., Harry University, 11300 N.E. Seceand Avenue, Miami Sheres, Fla Se eae. Camput er Based Training ‘¢CBT) and Camput er Assisted Instruction ¢CAI) are aften seen as synonymous terms dealing with any instruction delivered via the computer. They differ primarily in that ene CCRT) is business/industry ariented and the eather (TAL) is education oriented. Neither has been asseaciated with any extensive evaluatian methadalegqy relevant tea development ather than the custemary quantitative desiqns utilized by funded instructicanal development projects. Cantempoarary thinking in evaluation has focused on a number «of more relevant methodolegies, however, and these need ta be assessed in terms of their particular relevance ta these twa rather different instructional approaches. This paper will lack at some af these approaches in light «ef these identified differences. 3:15PM CSM-2 Mathematical Modeling - An Evolutionary Process. L.V. Fausett, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, 32901. The development of a mathematical model of a complex physical process often involves a succession of formulations of the equations describing the process. In the first Stage many Simplifying assumptions may be made; in subsequent stages a more complete description can be obtained. Similarly, the computer program necessary to solve the equations of the mathematical model will itself undergo a number of refinements. These ideas are illustrated by a description of the evolution of a model for the constrained layer damping technique; the development of this model was sponsored by the Office of Naval Research. 3:30PM CSM-3 New College Modula: A Revision of Modula-2 Providing a Superior Tool For Large Program and Systems Development. WILLIAM GILTINAN, New College of the Univ. of South Florida, ~5700 NJ Tamaeam Tr, Sarasota 53580. This paper introduces N, C, Modula, a new high level programming language based on Modula=-2, The language offers additional dynamic data structures, a modular exception handling facility which provides expressive power comparable to Goodenough!s model, and a generally improved syntactic and semantic structure, The language also provides facilities which allow an elegant blending of applicative and imperative programming techniques. The aim is to create a Superior tool for large program and systems development by providing programmers with simple, powerful features which are con- sistent and easily remembered and which promote good programming prac- tice, The superiority of N, C, Modula will be demonstrated via comparison programs written in N,.C, Modula, Modula=2 and Ada, FRIDAY 3:45PM BUSH 207 BUSINESS MEETING: Computer Science and Mathematics R.L. BURKE, Barry University, presiding 1987 Supplement -23- Program Issue ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY FRIDAY 3:00PM BUSH 210 SESSION A HOWARD MOORE, Florida International University, presiding ae ENV-l The Role of Natural Organics in a Groundwater System. DEBRA E.- BROWN, DEAN F. MARTIN! AND SAM B. UPCHURCH2, ICHEMS Center, Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida and 2Department of Geology, University of South Florida, Tampa 33620. A study was carried out on a north Florida groundwater system using private potable wells. in the vicinity of Lake City, Florida. This area is known to have vertical flow from surface water to groundwater with Alligator Lake being a sinkhole lake. Well samples were collected and analyzed for 22 different parameters to characterize the geochemistry of the groundwater system. 3:15PM ENV-2 Photodynamic Effect of Selected Dyes on Filamentous Algae. BARBARA B. MARTIN, MIKIE PEREZ-CRUET AND DEAN F. MARTIN, CHEMS Center, Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, 33620. The photodynamic effects of four dyes on several species of filamentous algae are described. Results of bottle studies, continuous-flow studies, and long-term studies in sunlight are discussed, as well as measurements of rates of photosynthesis, as a means of managing filamen- tous algae in lakes. 3:30PM ENV-3 Preparation of Sterile Seawater through Photodynamic Action. A Preliminary Screening Study.. DEAN F. MARTIN AND M. J. PEREZ-CRUET, CHEMS Center, Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa 33620. Large quantities of inexpensive, sterile seawater are needed for a variety of scientific applications. A dozen organic compounds have been identified that possess the necessary properties (e.g., nontoxicity, persistence in seawater, high extinction coefficients, appropri- ate spectra) to exploit photodynamic action and destroy toxigenic bacteria found in seawater. These compounds were evaluated to determine their absorption by a clam (Mercenaria mercenaria) and their effectiveness toward Escherichia coli through photodynamic action. As a result of preliminary evaluation, 5 compounds expressed suitable characteristics warranting further study. These compounds killed E. coli, but did not appear to injure M. mercenaria nor were they absorbed intact by the clams. Further testing is required to establish the limits of effectiveness in sterilizing seawater through photodynamic action. 3:45PM ENV-4 Acid Neutralization in the Sediments of Selected Softwater Lakes in Central Florida, J.C. TILLER AND F.E. DIERBERG, Dept. of Environmental Science and Engineering, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901. The acid neutralization capacity (ANC) in the sediments of several softwater lakes was measured by acidifying with sulfuric acid. Results indicated that cation exchange was a significant factor in the neutralization process. The sediments had low cation exchange capacity (littoral 0.001 - 0.180 and pelagic 0.001 - 0.021 meq/100g). Two of the three lakes sampled had higher (0.00 - 3.21 meq/100g) ANC associated with littoral sediments than for pelagic sediments (0.00 - 0.50 meq/100g). The role of sulfate adsorption onto sediments in affecting sediment acid neutralization was also investigated. | Florida Scientist = 2a Volume 50 4:00PM ENV-5 A Class III landfill, covering approximately five hectares, was operated from 1966 to 1974 in Brevard County, Florida. The objective of the present study was to discern if leachate emanating from the landfill is affecting shallow aquifer groundwater and surface water quality. To accomplish this groundwater monitoring wells were placed around the periphery of the landfill. These wells and surface waters down gradient of the landfill were analyzed for select substances: chemical oxygen demand, ammonium ion, total nitrogen, heavy metals, conductivity, salinity, pH and dissolved oxygen. Background groundwater and surface water quality were established and compared to water quality obtained from the wells and surface waters in the vicinity of the landfill. The results indicate that high levels of ammonium ion (200-400 mg./L.) are present in groundwater on the side of the landfill adjacent to a scallop shell dumpsite. Preliminary results also indicate that surface waters down gradient of the landfill contain levels of Ni2+ (1.10 mg./L.) in excess of ten times the accepted standards for Class III waters. scott Sloane F.1.T. Box 6070, Melbourne, Florida 32901 FRIDAY 4:15PM BUSH 210 BUSINESS MEETING: Environmental Chemistry HOWARD MOORE, Florida International University, presiding FRIDAY 6:30PM CORNELL FINE ARTS CENTER PATIO SOCIAL FRIDAY 7:30PM SKILLMAN HALL BANQUET AND PLENARY SESSION II FLORIDA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES GEOLOGICAL AND HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES FRIDAY 8:30AM BUSH AUDITORIUM SESSION A FRANK KUJAWA, University of Central Florida, presiding 8:30AM GHY-1 Riffle-pool pattern in the West Branch of the Sacandaga River, Southern Adirondacks, New York. DONALD W. LOVEJOY, Palm Beach Atlantic College, 1101 South Olive Avenue, West Palm Beach, FL 33401. A prominent riffle-pool pattern is present on the West Branch of the Sacandaga River in the southern Adirondack Mount- ains of New York State. This pattern consists of four clearly defined pools that have gravel/cobble floors and are separated by boulder-strewn rapids. The average spacing of the pools is 7.2 times the channel width, which is at the upper limit of the 5-7 range associated with typical riffle-pool sequences. Because the West Branch lies in a glacially modified valley, with boulder till on the valley walls and glacial lake deposits on the valley floor, a problem arises whether the spacing of the riffle boulders in the stream channel results from fluvial transportation or transportation by glacial ice. Furthermore, many of the riffle boulders have major axes exceeding lengths of 2 m. Either these boulders represent in situ glacial erratics left over from the Ice Ages, or else we may have to postulate rare flood events of a catastrophic nature in order to have moved them. 1987 Supplement -25— Program Issue 8:45AM GHY-2 Storm Deposits in the Subsurface of Little Sarasota Bay, Florida. M.J. BLAND, Beaches and Shores Resource Center, 111 M.L.K. Blvd., Tallahasse 32301. Little Sarasota Bay is located on the west-central coast of Florida, in Sarasota County. Twenty-three vibracores taken along six east-west trending traverses across the bay display three distinct types of sediments deposited during high energy, storm conditions; type A, type B, and type C storm deposits. Type A storm deposits are thick (up to 1 meter), continuous across the bay, display a distinct fining upward trend and contain a mixture of bay and gulf molluscs. These deposits reflect high energy conditions caused by severe storms such as hurricanes. Type B storm deposits are thin (5-10 cm), homogeneous, shelly-sand layers which are also continuous across the bay. These deposits reflect energy levels typical of local storms. Type C storm deposits consist of a very muddy, bimodal, quartz sand con- taining abundant rounded and polished phosphorite pebbles and plant debris, with little to no shell material. These units were deposited by runoff during flooding caused by extreme rains during hurricanes which deposited the type A storm units. 9:00AM GHY-3 Holocene Geologic History of Little Sarasota Bay, Florida. M.J. BLAND, Beaches and Shores Resource Center, 111 M.L.K. Binds); whaltahasseess2a01 . Little Sarasota Bay is an elongate, shallow water embayment located on the west- central coast of Florida in Sarasota County. Twenty-three vibracores taken along six east-west trending traverses display six major Holocene subsurface facies; Low Energy Bay, Protected Bay, Open Bay, Washover, Storm, and Tidal Delta. These sedi- ments have been deposited on a gradual slope in the limestone bedrock surface land- ward of the barrier islands, beneath which the slope of the bedrock increases abruptly. The barrier islands are believed to have formed along this break in bed- rock slope between 4000-5000 years B.P., when sea-level rise slowed down consider- ably. Little Sarasota Bay developed concurrently with the barriers as sea-level rose until reaching its present configuration. The development of the bay and sediments deposited within it have been greatly influenced by the passage of severe storms such as hurricanes which deposited large quantities of sand and shell mat- erial into the bay, interrupting the normal, slow deposition conditions of the bay. 9:15AM GHY-4 Fossil Multi-Rayed Starfish (Family Heliasteridae) from Southwest Florida. D.S. JONES AND R.W. PORTELL, Florida State Museum, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611. Whole body asteroid fossils are rare in the geologic record and previously unreported from Cenozoic strata in Florida. However, a discovery of multi-rayed sun stars, each bearing approximately 30 highly fused rays and a large central disc, was recently made in upper Pliocene deposits near El Jobean, Charlotte County, Florida. The specimens contain relatively undisturbed arrangements of ossicles and spines which along with the high number of fused rays facilitate identification as members of the Family Heliasteridae, a family heretofore unknown from the fossil record and today restricted to the eastern Pacific. The fossil material, which includes the remains of hundreds of individuals, is referred to the modern species, Heliaster microbrachius. In addition to representing the first fossil occurrence of the family, this find provides important paleobiogeographic information about the group and about Plio-—Pleistocene extinction patterns following uplift of the Central American isthmus. 9:30AM BREAK Florida Scientist =20— Volume 50 9:45AM GHY-5 Distribution of Surficial Radioactivity Backgrounds in Marion, Levy, and Citrus Counties, Florida. THOMAS A. ABBOTT AND DOUGLAS L. SMITH, Dept. of Geology, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611. Abundances of uranium, thorium, and potassium were determined by gamma ray spectrometry for 218 one-kg samples from Levy, Marion, and Citrus Counties. Ranges of values of the natural radioactivity background can be associated with the exposed Plio—Pleistocene sand veneer, Ocala Group of limestone formations, Hawthorn Formation, and Alachua Formation (in the hard-rock mining district). The highest baseline values appear in the Alachua and Hawthorn Formations (maximum uranium concentration: 90 ppm), whereas lower values are associated with the sand cover (typical uranium concentration: 0.5 ppm) and the Ocala Group. Higher thorium and potassium concentrations are associated with sandy clay lenses of the Hawthorn Formation. Baseline radioactivity level maps re- lated to the distribution of exposed surficial geological formations can thus be developed. These maps are essential to assessments of potential mining activities and of natural environmnetal health hazards. 10:00AM GHY-6 Seismic Refraction Profiling Across Known Shallow Caverns: Impli- cations for the Detection of Subsurface Cavities. JOHN K. HANSEN AND DOUGLAS L.j SMITH, Dept. of Geology, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611. Perpendicular- ly-oriented, 140-feet long seismic refraction traverses were conducted using a sin- gle channel, hammer-source, refraction seismograph and a geophone spacing of only 5 feet across two well-mapped shallow cavern systems in Alachua County, Florida. In each of two traverses for Bat Cave and two for Warren's Cave, a reversed profile was recorded. Traverse lines were oriented to transect significant voids in lime- stone in an attempt to evaluate the applicability of the method toward the detec— tion of unmapped subsurface solution cavities. The tested cavern systems had vertical dimensions of 30-100 feet below the surface and lateral (parallel to traverse) widths of up to 50 feet. Although most known voids yielded a recog- nizable anomaly, the magnitudes of the anomalies were relatively minor and would not suggest a definitive feature in an uncontrolled environment. The applicability of this relatively simple geophysical mehtod toward the detection of subsurface (0-50 feet) solution cavities appears limited. 10:15AM GHY-7 Unique Karst of Florida or - Where's the Limestone? DANIEL V. ARRINGTON, SCOTT R. HOLM, AND ROBERT C. LINDQUIST, GeoLogic Information Systems, Gainesville, 32604, Environmental Science And Engineering, Gainesville, 32606, Dept. of Geol., Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, 32611. Some karst areas in Florida may be unique in that they are mantled by non-carbonate clastics of exceptional thickness. In the Lake Wales Ridge and Interlachen Karstic Highlands, the cover over the uppermost major limestone ranges from 30 to more than 150 meters thick. The karst features in these regions are contained completely within the clastics. The authors know of no other region where karst is reported to occur in deposits of such thickness. Mechanisms of formation typically employed do not adequately ac count for the presence of karst in these areas. Karst in the Lake Wales Ridge and Interlachen Karstic Highlands may actually constitute a new class of karst similar to but exceeding the undefined thickness of cover for mantled karst. The term "thickly mantled karst" is proposed. FRIDAY 10:30AM BUSH AUDITORIUM BUSINESS MEETING: Geological and Hydrological Sciences FRANK KUJAWA, University of Central Florida, presiding 1987 Supplement =27= Program Issue FRIDAY 10:45AM BUSH AUDITORIUM SESSION B: Symposium "Geological Evolution of Peninsular Florida" FRANK KUJAWA, University of Central Florida, presiding 10:45AM GHY-8 Evolution of the Florida Basement. DOUGLAS L. SMITH, Dept. of Geology, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville FL 32611. The best-known elements of the Florida basement include a Cambrian granitic complex with associated felsic volcanic rocks 1.7-2.7 km deep in northern Florida and an overlapping, undeformed sequence of Ordovician to early Devonian sandstones and shales at least 0.8 km deep and with Gondwana fossil affinities. These elements comprise the Tallahassee-Suwannee displaced terrane which is bounded by the Brunswick Magnetic Anomaly (continental suture) on the north and the Jay Fault (plate transform) on the south and west. A paleogeographic reconstruction of Gondwana landmasses includes the Florida basement and permits a correlation of the early Paleozoic Suwannee Basin sedimentary rocks with those in African basins. An assemblage of the displaced terrane with the North American plate occurred simultaneously with the Alleghenian orogeny. In the early Mesozoic, a new pattern of plate boundaries evolved from a south Florida-Bahamas hot spot, and the south Florida basement was intruded, altered, and flooded with bi- model volcanic rocks. The northeast-trending Tallahassee Graben, a major Triassic basin underlying the Appalachicola Embayment, resulted from tensional stresses during the initial plate separation process. 11:15AM GHY-9 Regional Stratigraphy and Geologic History of the Florida Peninsula - Triassic through Paleocene. GEORGE 0. WINSTON, consultant, 1511 Mataro, Coral Gables FL 33146. This study is based on 146 wells examined from top to bottom. Different structural configurations are present in the Upper Jurassic- Coahuilan, Comanchean, and Gulfian-Paleocene. From Upper Jurassic through Comanchean, the continental margin was occupied by a carbonate complex which restricted circulation and resulted in the deposition of lagoonal carbonates and anhydrites. Clastics were deposited in northern Florida. The carbonate complex dies off at the end of the Comanchean and the overlying Gulfian is a chalky limestone. There was much orogenic activity in northern Cuba in the Gulfian, accompanied by the formation of the Florida Straits. Along the western margin of the Straits, the Rebecca Shoal barrier reef appeared, and continued growing through the Paleocene. The Cedar Keys dolomite-anhydrite facies was deposited when the Peninsula was encircled by the reef. 11:45AM GHY-10 Development of the Florida Platform in the Tertiary Period. ANTHONY F. RANDAZZO, Dept. of Geology, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville FL 32611. The Tertiary carbonate platform of peninsular Florida is characterized by supratidal to deep subtidal ramp deposition, rich benthic fauna and dolomitization. Periodic influxes of clastic sediments and the formation of evaporite minerals punctuate depositional sequences. Three major depositional phases, each beginning with a marine transgression and all ending with progradation of the platform can be recognized. Biological responses to sea level fluctuations are intimately associated with sedimentation rates, as skeletal allochems are the most abundant constituent of these platform rocks. The sedimentological record of the Florida Platform is most analogous to the modern Great Bahamas Bank. Environmental parameters appear to be almost identical but several differences are notable. Reefal and oolitic facies are absent in the Florida Platform. This may be a reflection of greater sea level periodicity and extent of the marine environment. Florida Scientist =28— Volume 50 FRIDAY 3:00PM BUSH AUDITORIUM SESSION C: Symposium "Geological Evolution of Peninsular Florida" FRANK KUJAWA, University of Central Florida, presiding 3:00PM GHY-11 The Mio-Pliocene of Florida. THOMAS M. SCOTT, Florida Geological Survey-DNR, 903 W. Tennessee St., Tallahassee FL 32304. The Mio-Pliocene sediments of Florida represent a dramatic change in sedimentation from the carbonates of the Paleogene to the siliciclastics of the Neogene. The Miocene sediments occur over much of the Florida Platform (both onshore and offshore) lying upon either Eocene or — Oligocene carbonates. The distribution of the Pliocene sediments is more limited and lies directly on the Miocene sediments. The Mio-Pliocene stratigraphic sequence is very complex with frequent and rapid facies changes. These sediments are critical to our understanding of Florida geology due to their hydrologic properties and their economic value. Hydrologically, these sediments provide both secondary aquifers and the major aquiclude for the Floridan aquifer system. Economically, the Mio-Pliocene sediments contain significant amounts of phosphate and clays which are mined in limited areas of the state. The sediments deposited during the Mio- Pliocene reflect a number of sea level fluctuations. Transgressive sea level events covered much of the state at least several times during this period. 3:30PM GHY-12 Development of the Floridan Aquifer System. SAM B. UPCHURCH, Dept. of Geology, Univ. of South Florida, Tampa FL 33620. The Floridan aquifer is one of the world's largest and most productive aquifer systems. It is the major source of potable water for much of Florida. The Floridan is developed in fractured limestones of the Eocene, Oligocene and Miocene. Fracturing is a result of tidal stresses and upward translation of basement structural features. Ground water has preferentially flowed through the fractures and other passages, and dissolved the limestone. Localized limestone dissolution results in karst features, such as caverns and conduit networks in the aquifer and sinkholes at the surface. As sea level varied, the locations of dissolution migrated; and karst was spread throughout the aquifer. Earliest known episodes of karst development are Eocene. Repeated fluctuations of sea level over long periods of time have resulted in the extraordinary productivity of the Floridan. Florida's well-known coastal springs are sinkholes that have been flooded by the Holocene sea level rise. 4:00PM GHY-13 Quaternary Sinkhole Activity in Florida (3-screen panaromas) . FRANK B. KUJAWA, Dept. of Chemistry, Univ. of Central Florida, Orlando FL 32816. The style and intensity of sinkhole activity in the Florida Peninsula seems to be most closely correlated with two factors: the thickness of Hawthorn sandy-c lay overlying the Tertiary limestone and the depth of the water table, or its artesian extension, in the limestone. In the northwestern "uncovered area," the Hawthorn layer is absent; and two types of sinkholes predominate: larger ancient sinks formed by collapse of cave roofs in the Tertiary limestone, and smaller modern sinkholes resulting from the slow undermining of sediment in filled solution- pipes. In the bordering "thinly-covered area," the artesian potentiometric level is relatively deep; and cone-shaped sinkholes predominate today. Ancient large perched sinkhole lakes are common, some of which appear to have been enlarged by wind during a period of drier climate. Modern sinkholes are small and rare in the "thickly- covered area" to the east and south, especially where the artesian potentiometric level is near the surface. However, a number of ancient sinkhole lakes apparently formed when sea level was lower, probably during the Pleistocene. 1987 Supplement -29- Program Issue 4:30PM GHY-14 Quaternary Coastal Geology of Florida. RICHARD A. DAVIS, UR. Dept. of Geology, Univ. of South Florida, Tampa FL 33620. Although the coast of Florida is typically associated with sandy beaches, there is a wide variety of sedimentary environments surrounding the State. These include barrier islands, salt marsh and mangrove swamps, reefs and rocky coasts, strandplains, and river deltas. Only the latter comprise a small percentage of the total coast. Virtually all of the existing coastal landforms are a result of the Holocene transgression and are less than 5,000 years old. Wave energy is generally low on the Gulf side and moderate on the Atlantic coast. However, hurricanes provide extreme conditions. Tidal range is microtidal throughout, with the highest ranges just under 2 m on the northern Atlantic coast. The general littoral transport on the peninsula is toward the south on both coasts whereas it is to the west along the Panhandle coast. During the past half-century there have been severe pressures from development of the coast, especially on the barrier island complexes. The impact of this activity has had a profound effect on the morphodynamics of the coastal system. 5:00PM GHY-15 Prognosis of Projected Sea Level Rise on Shoreline Erosion. ROBERT G. DEAN, Div. of Beaches & Shores-DNR, 3900 Commonwealth Blvd., Tallahassee FL 32303. Increased future sea level rise rates due in part to the greenhouse effect will cause associated higher erosion rates. Present rates of shoreline erosion in Florida are analyzed with respect to past sea level rise rates and anthropogenic causes. The erosional component related to past sea level rise is scaled according to several future scenarios to yield future erosional rates. Shoreline erosion data are correlated with sea level fluctuations for approximately the past decade. FRIDAY 6:30PM CORNELL FINE ARTS CENTER PATIO SOCIAL FRIDAY 7:30PM SKILLMAN HALL BANQUET AND PLENARY SESSION II FLORIDA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES MEDICAL SCIENCES FRIDAY 9:00AM CRUMMER 222 SESSION A ROSEANN WHITE, University of Central Florida, presiding 9:00AM MED-] Monitoring Mycobacterium leprae Infection in Armadillos. SHARON WILLIAMS, ELEANOR E. STORRS, ARVIND M. DHOPLE, Medical Research Institute, Fla. Institute of Technology, 3325 W. New Haven Ave., Melbourne, 32904. Since 1971, the nine-banded armadillo, Dasypus novemcinctus, has been used as an animal model of human leprosy, and as a source of Mycobacterium leprae for biomedical research. Comparisons of various sources of M. leprae used as inocula have been made and analyzed, taking into account such factors as comparative susceptibilities of armadillos; variations in preparation technique, as well as variations in the concentration of M. leprae in the inocula used; and the criteria for determining the optimal harvest period of animals with disseminated disease. Florida Scientist -30- Volume 50 9:15AM MED-2 Laboratory Data from Patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) or Related Conditions in Central Florida. S.C. SHIVERS, B.S., R. S. WHITE, Ph.D., M. J. SWEENEY, Ph.D., S. D. KLOTZ, M.D. AND Ss) ROSENBERG =e Depts. of Biological Sciences and Medical Lab Sciences, Univ. of Central Florida, Orlando, 32816, and Allergy-Immunology Research Foundation of Orlando, 303 E. Par, Orlando, 32804. Patients with AIDS, AIDS-Related Complex (ARC), and other high-risk individuals were evaluated by an immunology laboratory/clinic and compared with normal controls and patients with other immunologic diseases. Patients with AIDS-related conditions showed decreases in total T-cell and T-helper/inducer cell populations and in helper to suppressor ratios. Increases were noted in T-suppressor/cytotoxic and Natural Killer cells. Antibodies to HTLV-III were present in a majority of the AIDS-related patients but absent in most other patients and normal controls. Significant changes in serum levels of IgG, IgA, beta-2-microglobulin, and circulating immune complexes were also noted in the AIDS-related patients. G 2) ¢.30AM MED-3 Evaluation of a New In-Vitro Test for Antigen-Specific IgE. M.J. SWEENEY, Ph.D., R.S. WHITE, Ph.D., S.C. SHIVERS, B.S., AND S.D. KLOTZ, M.D., Depts. of Biological Sciences and Medical Lab Sciences, Univ. of Central Florida, Orlando, 32816, and Allergy-Immunology Research Foundation of Orlando, 303 E. Par, Orlando, 32804. Sixty new patients with the clinical diagnosis of allergic respiratory disease were evaluated for sensitivity to inhalant allergens by the following methodologies: prick and intracutaneous skin testing, RAST and a new modified "Immunoblot" test. A panel of 24 environmentally significant inhalent allergens were studied. The Immunoblot method was found to be the most sensitive overall for determining the presence of allergen-specific IgE. However, the Immunoblot technique was least sensitive for house dust and short ragweed allergens. We feel that this new in-vitro technique is excellent for screening purposes, since it is quicker, cheaper and more easily performed. In most instances however, skin tests should be considered more reliable for determining clinical sensitivity. 9:45AM MED-4_ Effect of Adherent Cells on Lymphokine Activated Killer (LAK) Cell Activity. KIMBERLY G. ROE AND ROSS E. LONGLEY, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, 32816. The effect of adherent cells on LAK cell activity of C57BL/6J (B6) mice was investigated. Studies were performed with B6 splenocytes to optimize: the concentration of human recombinant interleukin-2 (rh-IL-2), effector (LAK) to target (NK-resistant P-815 tumor) cell ratio, and culture periods necessary to yield maximum LAK cell cytoxicity. Depletion of adherent cells prior to LAK cell generation resulted in a 67% increase in LAK cell activity compared to that of whole spleen cell cultures. Removal of adherent cells from whole spleen cell cultures after five day incubation prior to the LAK cell assay resulted in a similar enhancement in activity. Incubation of whole spleen cells with indomethacin, an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, resulted in enhancement of LAK cell activity over a number of concentrations tested. These results indicate that adherent cells (possibly macrophages) regulate the generation and activity of LAK cells, perhaps through the production of prostaglandins. 10:00AM MED-5 Analysis of Immune Enhancing Effects of INterleukin-2 (IL-2). S. SAZESH, R. E. LONGLEY AND R. N. GENNARO, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, 32816. The effects of IL-2 administration on immune responsiveness of AKR mice made leukemia-resistant by bone marrow transplantation (B6-AKR) were investigated. In vivo treatment of B6-AKR chimeras with crude murine IL-2 supernatants partially restored deficient antibody responses to SRBC's as had been reported. In vivo treatment of similar chimeras with recombinant human IL-2 (rh-IL-2) failed to restore SRBC antibody responsiveness and Con A splenocyte mitogenesis. The addition of rh-IL-2 to splenocyte cultures of Similar mice resulted in the enhancement of Con A responsiveness which varied with 1987 Supplement -31- Program Issue age of the mice. Similar analysis of PHA stimulated splenocytes from normal and Bé AKR mice revealed an enhancing effect of rh-IL-2 on mitogenesis which also varied with age (days following marrow transplant). Duration of IL-2 exposure of PHA- stimulated cells was the critical factor in determining IL-2 enhancing effects. These results indicate that rh-IL-2 may be useful in the treatment of certain immunodeficiency states induced by bone marrow transplanation. 10:15AM BREAK 10:30AM MED-6 Molecular Analysis of Selected Large and Small Colony Mutants of 3.7.2C TK+/- to TK-/- Mouse Lymphoma Mutagenesis Assay System. A. WADHAMS, M. WATSON, M. APPLEGATE, K. KASWECK, and J. HOZIER, Dept. of Biol. Sci., Fla. Inst. of Technology, 150 W. Univ. Blvd., Melbourne, FL 32901. DNA and RNA from selected physically (y-ray) and chemically (methotrexate) induced TK-/- mutant cell lines were isolated. RNA was analyzed for alterations in expression of TK mRNA via North- ern Blot techniques, using an actin probe as a control. Genomic DNA was analyzed for restriction fragment polymorphisms in the TK gene via Southern Blotting tech- niques, using a cloned TK DNA probe. Data from Northern Blots indicated no detect- able alteration in synthesis of TK mRNA. Data from Southern Blots indicated small changes in restriction patterns had occurred within the TK gene, which may account for the full sized, but nonfunctional TK specific mRNA seen on Northern blots. 19:45AM MED-7 Coordinated Gene Amplification in Human Lung Tumor Cell Lines. G VOGT, M.-LIECHTY, K. KASWECK and J. HOZIER. Dept. Biol. Sci., Fla. Inst. of Technol., 150 W. Univ. Blvd., Melbourne, FL 32901. Oncogene amplification has been shown to be involved in tumorigenesis. In addition, tumor marker genes coding for normal hormones and other polypeptides, are frequently aberrantly expressed in tumors. Cytogenetically, many tumor marker genes have been found mapped in regions adjacent to or overlapping the positions of known oncogenes, suggesting that tumor marker genes may be influenced both in regulation and expression by an oncogene amplification event. To explore this hypothesis, cellular DNA from cell lines Calu-1, Calu-6, SKMES-1, H69C and normal lung epithelial cells have been analyzed for amplification by Southern blot hybridization using as probes the oncogenes c-myb, c-fos, c-Ki-ras-1 and their respective comapping tumor marker genes chorionic gonadotropin alpha chain, creatine kinase brain form and prolactin. Gene amplification levels were determined using alpha actin as a single copy gene con- trol by spectrophotometric scanning of band intensity. 11:00AM MED-8 Isolation and Identification of Kingella sp. A case study. BARBARA E. GREEN, ANTHONY F. WALSH, AND BARRY E. SIEGER, Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando 32806. A clinical case is presented in which the isolation and subsequent identification of Kingella sp. are described. This is not a common isolate although Lt is one that should be considered a possibility when infection is associated with bone or its surrounding tissues. 11:15AM MED-9 Alterations in Oxygen Saturation and Heart Rate Following Endo- tracheal Suctioning with Reinstitution of Mechanical Ventilation Instead of Pre- oxygenation, Hyperinflation or Insufflation - A Preliminary Study. CHARLES J. GUTIERREZ, James A. Haley Veterans Administration Medical Center, Dept. of Respiratory Care/PFL, 13000 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612. Patients with cardiorespiratory impairment frequently require support from a mechanical venti la- tor. To reduce hypoxemia associated with endotracheal suctioning, maneuvers to provide supplemental 02 have been employed. This prospective study examined the advisability of reinstituting mechanical ventilation following suctioning without Florida Scientist —32- Volume 50 supplementation maneuvers. Oxygen saturation and heart rate of patients (N=10) were measured, by pulse oximeter, before and after suctioning followed by prompt reinstitution of mechanical ventilation. Nonsignificant differences between pre and post suction values suggest that mechanically ventilated patients with mean baseline saturation values of 92.58 + 3.06 (SD) percent may not require supple- mentation maneuvers. 11:30AM MED-10 Bronchodilator - Induced Decreases in Airway Resistance Measured with the Puritan Bennett 7200a Microprocessor Ventilator - A Preliminary Study. CHARLES J. GUTIERREZ, James A. Haley Veterans Administration Medical Center, Dept. of Respiratory Care/PFL, 13000 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612. Aerosolized bronchodilators are frequently adininistered to critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation. Periodic bedside quantitation of decreased airwa\ resis- tance following an aerosolized bronchodilator is essentia! in longitudinally moni- toring improvements in the response of airways. Using the PB 7200a ‘icroprocessor Ventilator, ten Static Mechanics maneuvers were performed on patients (N=8) before end after aerosolization of Alupent. Significant (p < .005) decreases were found in airway resistance. A protocol was developed for longitudinally monitoring bronchodialor - induced changes in airways of patients supported by the PB 7200a. FRIDAY 11:45AM CRUMMER 222 BUSINESS MEETING: Medical- Sciences ORLANDO AVE. COLONIAL DR. 50 EAST-WEST EXPY. LOCAL AREA MAP For campus map, see inside cover.