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DEORE ER EN: ’ \ twisty Karl Hat antialts Ra gf atatt chad a) BAR PANNE aeg he MH 4 A aan iM) ODE spond) RUM. eH ify! 1 Ai i) ; f IHN EN Wet ’ sna ORR) ‘N TER le hal Healt. eb iit ei Woy ‚je el 4 ELIERE N A Are i} ald i ny He 7 de 9 nes 4 tag alt tty died un u 1 ii M J se manly hr N 44 Pat Ip: vi 0 ne i) MOREE Rt ha johny CW, OT) oie a} : * MYR TEER TU) PIC BON ECK HER DRK ENG Zi 4 4 ‘ ad in RR AH yi Nt LEN, a ‘ Hy ‘ aan % ah EN ERROR RN) art as ONE Done CH ae A rs WEN An DER IC EI X) O40, 7 008 Oe ie! ih AR Wy by Wea vue yeaa var Se . wy} aae 4 a4 1A 4 44 ne Var oi AK DERRICKHIEN EN UG? “ we Art) SOUS STERNEN Cc eer ie) ann ve oy aN “ Ay * Sven ate OLD HI u His iy ahs BE ji Ken! WLRIT EIN ee Lan) .. aA} Ka Hi ) it. ih Bi sib in ION i; aie tin i Se 4 brie) at ee ieatilon ie A He Dena Bit Hi i Hata ey) la Yu rt es a is KENT F “ ‘i eae 1 men Men ii iia ee i Bi iit i: sn tea UR CAN Rah DIESE Ih se “u chu Winds yy) iy Hats i i ay aay N un et Ki My i iy . } en j kl tin Ay inn) is A HN N Klllane) er) ela: Hie ae e Hoes) et jene Mi ged Mt teats Wai of with eine a My us! Hai at ‘ u “rm ‘yi ’ DR Wehe i a 6 tare ae his N a ii ar ma a bei me Kuh Ba Fah 9 8 ae in st N a vite Hass th i IE) in _ nl Hy Rio ey aR «ite Py mcnar rina itd tH N Eu : un AS Ma i rn % HH nee ahs by = Ha r ane aitethe tie iret i rt A = ett „ Tale N) pent vant Shh a IV m it i er i Aye ui His aL abd for iit pe by 7} nat HEN oa t. att 1 iin iPibse sin sdır We ny ma rk Ha BMA KH Hark He ie a NR le) Behr tel, ate Ha N “ om zeta opti itt, alii sina seat iia sett ine HERREN, ne fr Nie I Hein Ku ÄRA se Dana it ae N Hai it bie tbs eth aya wit eat Whi {N Hi HH nl 1 iY He it ee Hr KR HH sia a ie eK . ih fo nis lignan af seed ey iu): ies myth Ar 4 HESSEN eed Mj Chat Hits ike apie " i 4 we as HH Lj ii 4 a I RER ” BE Be i id Kent, oe J sana fa - tai Pate 5 RR = nail + IA EN v8, = aK HS ' Ni Hu (an wa I: BLATT De rt Hy 1 + ar ay ’ 4 aes 14 IN " ‘eh > eh N . “43 b AN | N SZ i , Ww N N ds N \ D IN = : N wi, > TAE FLOWERING PLANTS OF AFRICA Tot FLOWERING PLANTS OF AFRICA ANUANALY TICAL, KEY .[O THE GENERA OF AFRICAN PHANEROGAMS PRv THONNER LATA RYE EW YOR OTANICAR WITH 150 PLATES AND A MAP DOULAW 8,69, LTR: 37 SOHO SQUARE, LONDON IGIS PT MAI Dts On OITA Ho ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PATER} { . N ‚car Z rs } SR ı ti vi { as fe ROU AR Sb athe. thing ae PREFACE HE flora of Africa being now comparatively well known, the author of the present work considered the time opportune to present to the public an analytical key for determining in an easy way the generic name of every phanerogamous plant growing wild, whether indigenous or naturalized, or cultivated upon a large scale within the geographical limits of Africa including the islands. The names and limits of the genera and families adopted in this work are those accepted in ENGLER & PRANTL’S “ Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien,”’ the most recent work containing the description of all genera of flowering plants, and its supplement “‘ Genera Siphonogamarum ” by DALLA TORRE & HARMS. j As the present work is intended for the use not only of botanists, but also of colonists and travellers in Africa, who take an interest in botany, I have used, wherever it was possible, as distinctive characters, those which are visible to the naked eye in a plant in flower, being careful, however, not to deviate too much from the natural system. Besides the diagnostic characters of the genera, I have also indicated the approximative number of the species described to the end of the year 1910, their geographical distribution, their uses, and their more important synonyms. As to the terms used in indicating the geographical distribution of African plants, “ North Africa” (including North-west- and North-east Africa) means all northern extratropical Africa, “ South Africa ” (including South- west- and South-east Africa) southern extratropical Africa, “‘ tropical Africa ”’ Africa within the tropics, including all islands, whereas the continent of Africa within the tropics including only the small islands in the proximity of the coast, is designated by “ Central Africa.” The present work was originally published in German under the title ‘‘ Die Bliitenpflanzen Africas” (Berlin, R. Friedlander & Sohn, 1908). A new edition being desirable, I have preferred the English language, and I am indebted to Dr. A. B. RENDLE, of the British Museum, for revising my translation. The plates were drawn by the Vienna artist JOSEPH FLEISCHMANN from herbarium specimens kindly lent from the collections of the Hofmuseum at Vienna and the Jardin botanique de l’Etat at Brussels by their respective keepers Dr. A. ZAHLBRUCKNER and Dr. E. DE WILDEMAN. Drawings already published have been used for a few plates only; these are duly indicated. FRANZ THONNER. VIENNA (AUSTRIA), September 1913. Ween SOT! tots iss Rs Jase Ak sup tee: xa ve‘ 6 Rah ae A ll. ye Hr Gyahig 4% ~ A 2 “J yee es 2 wae sid + gett tes leet BF a tas tk Sof BRHAGE ALIAS eute ng Daicmi Bzyutty oe AES bn wg « [3 » 4ieif...3i% “Br yo 5 at: IE wre te biter i) iy | OT ali, PS es | athe a Ihre il Dina ‚ort N ei Der Age Piatt ci Paria ts, pepe sj Gr ig debate + SEES HERR eee ir Ber: BUN ar RAR; atid ite prow 5 ori : ai: ; ; SUE ı we KO RE fhe 3h bits! ep In Falle - | RRAHIRTR ty page ‘Manse. tn an: Sy Gpagest ial: ur ats at Wera 2. AAA MIAH ‘ Kind I sed “. Ku; B Tee's sf « Sout I N ern a Pr, DD N 9s as ary Ae ana: 2078 m r x MAELORT HATA 19 of tee elite tye oceyaerte aie Ce ao Babe ler ‘Ke ENTE} visti I iE a Gira en : 4 Wiis A Sa ee : Pate. Jae ses sz oa rays trasclepgs DER ni hed; A ee ‘Shug Ad ac H * ‘m lave hruricsd: 3/0 ae “Pepe a és er4its ns a = sr TH + Hey ph Ir“: Yurkrich 144 merk ay, aa we N an, BEE eltvod N ee ae war ‘aks Wwe 2588 aha sw ee Bi. Bi: ; Sista: cosa Er era te AR contest iy c Ben 9 TER mee ver ege MAE vod Rios nas: be rr’ IRE aod gest tt AS > x LIST OF PRINCIPAL WORKS CONSULTED A. ENGLER & K. PRANTL, Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien (Leipzig, 1889—1908). C G. DE Datta Torre & H. Harms, Genera Siphonogamarum (Leipzig, 1900—1907). A. ENGLER, Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien, 6. ed. (Berlin, 1909). — Das Pflanzenreich (Leipzig, 1900—1910). — Monographien afrikanischer Pflanzenfamilien und -gattungen (Leipzig, 1898—1904). -— Die Vegetation Afrikas (Berlin, 1908—1910). G. BENTHAM & J. D. HookER, Genera plantarum (London ,1862—1883). J. D. Hooker & B. D. Jackson, Index Kewensis plantarum phanerogamarum (Oxford 1895—1908). A. DE CANDOLLE, Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis (Paris 1824—1873). C. S. KuntH, Enumeratio plantarum (Stuttgart, 1833—1850). G. WALPERS, Repertorium botanices systematicae (Leipzig, 1842—1847). — Annales botanices systematicae (Leipzig, 1848—1868). A. & C. DE CANDOLLE, Monographiae phanerogamarum (Paris, 1878—1896). H. BAILton, Histoire des plantes (Paris, 1867—1895). TH. DurRAND & H. Scuinz, Conspectus florae Africae (Bruxelles, 1895—1898). R. DELILE, Flore d’Egypte (Paris, 1810). E. BotssiErR, Flora orientalis (Basel, 1867—1888). P. ASCHERSON & G. SCHWEINFURTH, Illustrations de la flore d’Egypte (Le Caire, 1887). E. SICKENBERGER, Contributions a la flore d’Egypte (Le Caire, 1901). E. DURAND & G. BARRATTE, Florae Libycae prodromus (Genéve, 1910). J. A. BATTANDIER & TRABUT, Flore de l’Algerie (Alger, 1888—1910). — Flore de l’Algerie et de la Tunisie (Alger, 1902). W. TRELEASE, Botanical observations on the Azores (St. Louis, 1897). R. T. Lowe, A manual flora of Madeira (London, 1868). PH. BARKER-WEBB & S. BERTHELOT, Phytographia Canariensis (Paris, 1836—1840). J. Pirarp & L. Proust, Les iles Canaries (Paris, 1908). D. OLIVER & W. T. THISELTON-DYER, Flora of tropical Africa (London, 1868-1910). J. MILDBREAD, Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der deutschen Central-Africa-Expedition ; Botanik (Berlin, 1910). A. ENGLER, Die Pflanzenwelt Ostafrikas (Berlin, 1895). A. RIcHARD, Tentamen florae Abyssinicae (Paris, 1847). R. Prrotta, Flora della colonia Eritrea (Roma, 1903—1908). J. A. Grant & D. OLIVER, The botany of the Speke and Grant expedition. (London, 1872—1875). W. PETERS, Naturwissenschaftliche Reise nach Mozambik (Berlin, 1862—1864). Tu. Sim, Forest flora and forest resources of Portuguese East Africa (Aberdeen, 1909). J. B. BALrour, Botany of Socotra (Edinburgh, 1888). H. Forses, The natural history of Socotra and Abdelkuri (Liverpool, 1903). F. VIERHAPPER, Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Flora Siidarabiens und der Inseln Socotra, Semha und Abdelkuri (Wien, 1907). J. A. SCHMIDT, Beiträge zur Flora der kapverdischen Inseln (Heidelberg, 1852). J. A. GUILLEMIn, S. PERROTET, & A. RıcHARD, Florae Senegambiae tentamen (Paris, 1830—1833). J. PaLısor BEAuvoıs, Flore d’Oware et de Benin (Paris 1804). W. J. Hooker, Niger flora (London, 1849). vii WORKS CONSULTED H. PosecGutn, Essai sur la flore de la Guinée frangaise (Paris, 1906). Tu. DURAND & E. DE WILDEMAN, Matériaux pour la flore du Congo (Bruxelles, 1897— 1901). E. DE WILDEMAN & TH. DURAND, Contributions a la flore du Congo (Bruxelles, 1900). — — Reliquiae Dewevreanae (Bruxelles, 1901). — — Illustrations de la flore du Congo (Bruxelles, 1898—1904). — — Plantae Thonnerianae Congolenses (Bruxelles, 1900). E. DE WILDEMANn, Etudes sur la flore du Katanga (Bruxelles 1902—1903). — Etudes sur la flore du Bas- et du Moyen-Congo (Bruxelles, 1903—1910). — Mission E. Laurent (Bruxelles 1905—1907). — Notice sur des plantes utiles ou interessantes de la flore du Congo (Bruxelles 1903—1906). — Plantae novae horti Thenensis (Bruxelles, 1904—1910). — Companie du Kasai (Bruxelles, 1909). Tu. & H. Duranp, Sylloge florae Congolanae (Bruxelles, 1909). W. P. HıErn, Catalogue of the African plants collected by Welwitsch (London, 1896—1901). O. WARBURG, Die Kunene-Sambesi-Expedition (Berlin, 1903). J. €. Mettts, St. Helena (London, 1875). A. GRANDIDIER & DRAKE DEL CASTILLO, Histoire naturelle de Madagascar (Paris, 1886— 1902). P. Baron, Compendium des plantes malgaches (Paris, 1g0I—19g06). J. PaLacky, Catalogus plantarum Madagascariensium (Prag, 1906). J. G. BAKER, Flora of Mauritius and the Seychelles (London, 1877). J. B. Barrour, Flora of the Island of Rodriguez (London, 1879). J. DE CorpeEmoy, Flore de l’ile de la Réunion (Paris, 1895). A. VoELTzkKow, Die von Aldabra bis jetzt bekannte Flora und Fauna (Frankfurt, 1902). W. Harvey, The genera of South-African plants, 2. ed. (Capetown, 1868). W. Harvey, O. W. SONDER &.W. THISELTON-DYER, Flora Capensis (London, 1859— 1910). W. Harvey, Thesaurus Capensis (Dublin, 1359— 1863). H. Borus & A. H. Worırey-Dop, A list of the flowering plants of the Cape peninsula (Capetown, 1903). Tu. Sim, The forests and forest flora of the Colony of the Cape of Good Hope (Aberdeen, 1907). J. M. Woop, Handbook to the flora of Natal (Durban, 1907). — Natal plants (Durban, 1898—1910). H. Scuinz, Beiträge zur Kenntniss der afrikanischen Flora (Genéve, 1892—1908). — Die Pflanzenwelt Deutsch-Siidwestafrikas. (Genéve, 1896—1900). A. ZAHLBRUCKNER, Plantae Pentherianae (Wien, 1900—1905). CHALLENGER Report on the scientific results of the voyage of H.M.S. ‘‘ Challenger ’ (London, 1885). H. SCHENK, Vergleichende Darstellung der Pflanzengeographie der subantarktischen Inseln (Jena, 1905). LINNEAN Society, Journal. Botany. (London, 1857—1910). KEw GARDENS, Bulletin of miscellaneous information. (London, 1892—1910) W. Curtis, The Botanical Magazine (London, 1793—1910). W. J. & J. D. Hooker, Icones plantarum (London 1837—1y10). B. SEEMANN & J. BriTTEN, The Journal of Botany (London 1853—1910). A. ENGLER, Botanische Jahrbiicher fiir Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeo- graphie (Leipzig, 1881—1¢10), — Notizblatt des königl. botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin (Leipzig, 1897— 1910). K. SCHUMANN & F. FEDDE, Just’s botanischer Jahresbericht (Leipzig, 1873—Ig1o). F. FEDDE, Repertorium novarum specierum regni vegetabilis (Berlin, 1906— 1910). WORKS CONSULTED ix BOTANISCHES CENTRALBLATT (Leiden, 1880—1910). Soci&t& BoTANIQUE DE FRANCE, Bulletin (Paris, 1854—1910). Socıkt£ LINNEENNE DE Paris, Bulletin (Paris, 1889—1899). Muséum D’HISTOIRE NATURELLE, Bulletin (Paris, 1895—1910). G. BEAUVERD, Bulletin de l’herbier Boissier, 2me série (Genéve, 19g01—1908). R. PıROTTA, Annuario del istituto botanico di Roma (Milano, 1885—1908). — Annali di Botanica (Roma, 1904—1910). SOCIEDADE BROTERIANA, Boletim (Coimbra, 1883—1910). LinpDLey & TH. Moore, The treasury of botany (London, 1884). C. Wırrıs, A manual and dictionary of the flowering plants and ferns, 3. ed. (Cam- bridge, 1908). WIESNER, Die Rohstoffe des Pflanzenreichs, 2. Aufl. (Leipzig, 1900). . DRAGENDORFF, Die Heilpflanzen (Stuttgart, 1898). Lewin, Lehrbuch der Toxikologie, 2. Aufl. (Wien, 1897). MACMILLAN, A handbook of tropical gardening and planting (Colombo, 1910). . Wooprow, Gardening in the tropics (Paisley, 1910). . Voss, Vilmorin’s Blumengärtnerei (Berlin, 1896). . MoLoneEy, Sketch of the forestry of West Africa (London, 1887). H. HorLanD, The useful plants of Nigeria (London, 1908). . SADEBECK, Die Kulturgewächse der deutschen Kolonien (Jena, 1899). L. DE LAnEssan, Les plantes utiles des colonies frangaises (Paris, 1886). . NIEDERLEIN, Ressources végétales des colonies francaises (Paris, 7902). . SEBIRE, Les plantes utiles du Senegal (Paris, 1899). . CHEVALIER, Les vegetaux utiles de l’Afrique tropicale francaise (Paris, 1905— 1910). . HECKEL, Les plantes utiles de Madagascar (Paris, 1910). . Cuoco, Fauna e flora medica ed industriale della colonia Eritrea (Napoli, 1897). DE FicArLHo, Plantas uteis da Africa portugueza (Lisboa, 1884). OHHbBPamwns>sEnnon u w . D. Jackson, A glossary of botanic terms, 2. ed. (London, 1905). TABLE OF CONTENTS KEY TO THE FAMILIES "Gymnospermae . Monocotyledoneae . Apetalae. PAGE I 2 6 Choripetalae.. 5°". ae Sympetalae. . KEY TO THE, GENERA I. CYCADALES. . Cycadaceae II. CONIFERAE. . Taxaceae . 3. Pinaceae avi Is, 16. £7. 18. 19. 20. III. GNETALES. . Gnetaceae . PAGE 69 79 79 7ı IV. MONOCOTYLEDONEAE. Pandanales. . Typhaceae. . Pandanaceae . . Sparganiaceae. Helobiae. . Potamogetonaceae . Naiadaceae . Aponogetonaceae . Scheuchzeriaceae . . Alismataceae . . Butomaceae . Hydrocharitaceae Triuridales. Triuridaceae Glumiflorae. Gramineae. Cyperaceae Principes. Palmae Spathiflorae. Araceae er Lemnaceae Pa LO ELA: . 119 43: 44- Farinosae. . Flagellariaceae . Restionaceae . . Mayacaceae . Xyridaceae . Eriocaulaceae . . Rapateaceae . . Bromeliaceae . . Commelinaceae . Pontederiaceae . Cyanastraceae. Lilitflorae. . Juncaceae . . Lihaceae 33- 34: . Velloziaceae . Taccaceae . . Dioscoreaceae . Iridaceae . Haemodoraceae Amaryllidaceae Scitamineae. . Musaceae . . Zingiberaceae . . Cannaceae . Marantaceae . Microspermae. Burmanniaceae Orchidaceae V. DICOTYLEDONEAE. ARCHICHLAMYDEAE. Verticillatae. . Casuarinaceaes is 01s ake PAGE . 119 . 119 . 120 u AIR 5 %er i; Xe 3 122 . 123 A 2 RE 2 PER . 134 . 135 - 139 . 139 "246 . 140 - 145 . 146 - 147 . 148 . 149 . 150 +. L6G 46. 47- 48. 49. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. GER 73- 74- 75- 76. Pıperales. Piperaceae. Salicales. Salicaceae . Myricales. Myricaceae . . Juglandales. Juglandaceae. . Fagales. . Betulaceae . Fagaceae Urticales. . Ulmaceae . . Moraceae . . Urticaceae. Proteales. Proteacese.'".. . > Santalales. . Santalaceae . Opiliaceae . . Grubbiaceae . Olacaceae . : . Octoknemataceae. . Loranthaceae . . Balanophoraceae . Aristolochiales. . Aristolochiaceae . . Rafflesiaceae . Hydnoraceae . Polygonales. Polygonaceae . Centrospermae. Chenopodiaceae Amarantaceae. Nyctaginaceae Cynocrambaceae . Phytolaccaceae Aizoaceae . Portulacaceae. . Basellaceae Caryophyllaceae . Ranales. Nymphaeaceae . . TABLE OF CONTENTS 161 A LOZ 162 162 163 =103 . 164 103 #270 Pees OF 106. 107. 108. 109. IIo. Tin. HE2. 1723. 114. ITS. I16. 207: 118. IIQ. 120. Ceratophyllaceae. . . Ranunculaceae . Berberidaceae . Menispermaceae . Anonaceae. . Myristicaceae . . Monimiaceae . Lauraceae . . Hernandiaceae Rhoeadales. . Papaveraceae . . Capparidaceae . Cruciferae . . Rescdaceae . Moringaceae Sarraceniales. . Nepenthaceae. . Droseraceae Rosales. . Podostemonaceae. . Hydrostachyaceae . Crassulaceae . Saxifragaceae . . Pittosporaceae . Cunoniaceae . Myrothamnaceae . 100. IOI. 102. 103. 104. 105. Bruniaceae Hamamelidaceae . Platanaceae Rosaceae . Connaraceae Leguminosae . Pandales. Pandaceae. Geramnales. Geraniaceae Oxalidaceae Tropaeolaceae. Linaceae Humiriaceae Erythroxylaceae . Zygophyllaceae Cneoraceae Rutaceae Simarubaceae . Burseraceae Meliaceae . Malpighiaceae. Polygalaceae . . . xii 127: 122. 123. 124. 125. 126. 127. 128. 129. 130. 13T; 132. 133. 134. 135. 136. 137. 138. 139. 140. 141. 142. 143. 144. 145. 146. 147. 148. 149. 150. 151. 152. 153. 154. 155. 156. 157. 158. 159. 160. 161. 162. 163. 164. 165. 166. Dichapetalaceae . Euphorbiaceae Callitrichaceae Sapindales. Buxaceae . Empetraceae . Coriariaceae Anacardiaceae Aquifoliaceae . Celastraceae Hippocrateaceae . Salvadoraceae. . Icacinaceae Aceraceae . Sapindaceae Melianthaceae. Balsaminaceae Rhamnales. Rhamnaceae . Vitaceae Malvales. Elaeocarpaceae Chlaenaceae Tiliaceae . Malvaceae Bombacaceae . Sterculiaceae . Scytopetalaceae Parietales Dilleniaceae Ochnaceae. Theaceae Guttiferae . Dipterocarpaceae Elatinaceae Frankeniaceae Tamaricaceae . Cistaceae Bixaceae x Cochlospermaceae Winteranaceae Violaceae . Flacourtiaceae Turneraceae Passifloraceae Achariaceae Caricaceae. Loasaceae . Begoniaceae Ancistrocladaceae TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE . 309 . 309 : 324 . 324 . B25 925 aaa . 220 . 329 ET 4332 338 339 - 335 342 - 343 - 343 « 345 » 347 - 347 . 348 . 350 Fe - 354 357 . 358 « 359 . 360 . 360 - 363 - 363 » 363 . 364 - 365 . 365 300, . 366 . 366 . 367 973 - 374 . 370 Se RON 7 9377 . 378 167. 168. 169. 170. LT. 172; 172% 174. 175. 176. 177: 178. 179. 180. 181. 182. 183. 184. 185. 186. 187. 188. 189. 190. 191. 192. 193. 194: 195. 196. 197. 198. 199. 200. 201. 202. 203. 204. Opuntiales. Cactaceae mern Myrtiflorae. Geissolomataceae. Penaeaceae Oliniaceae . Thymelaeaceae Elaeagnaceae . Lythraceae Sonneratiaceae Punicaceae Lecythidaceae Rhizophoraceae Alangiaceae Combretaceae. Myrtaceae . Melastomataceae . Oenotheraceae Halorrhagaceae Cynomoriaceae Araliaceae . Umbelliferae . Cornaceae . METACHLAMYDEAE. Ericales. Clethraceae . . Ericaceae . Primulales. Myrsinaceae Primulaceae Plumbaginaceae . Ebenales. Sapotaceae Hoplestigmataceae Ebenaceae Styracaceae Contortae. Oleaceae Loganiaceae Gentianaceae . Apocynaceae . Asclepiadaceae Tubiflorae. Convolvulaceae Hydrophyllaceae . Borraginaceae Umbelliflorae. - 386 - 30% . 392 - 397 . 401 . 414 er «OL, < Ee . 419 . 420 . 421 . 424 . 424 : as . 425 i 427 . 429 . 432 . 441 « 457 . 462 . 463 205. 206. 207. 208. 209. 210. 2UT. 202. 213. 214. 205: 216. 217: Verbenaceae Labiatae Solanaceae Scrophulariaceae Bignoniaceae Pedaliaceae Martyniaceae . Orobanchaceae Gesneraceae Lentibulariaceae . Globulariaceae Acanthaceae Myoporaceae . STATISTICAL TABLE GLOSSARY OF BOTANICAL TERMS ABBREVIATIONS OF AUTHORS’ NAMES List oF POPULAR NAMES ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS INDEX , TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE . 467 . 470 . 481 . 483 « 495 . 498 500 . 500 500 . 501 . 502 . 502 . 515 . . Plantaginales. . Plantaginaceae Rubiales. . Rubiaceae. . Caprifoliaceae . Valerianaceae . Dipsacaceae Campanulatae. . Cucurbitaceae 224. 225. 226. Campanulaceae Goodeniaceae . Com positae . re} 27, 39: 37- un au2Ww DB H LIST: OF IPEATES Cycadaceae. Encephalartos Lemarinelianus De Wild. et Dur. . Pinaceae. Calli tris cupressoides (L.) Schrad. Pandanaceae. Pandanus candelabrum Beauv. . Potamogetonaceae. Potamogeton javanicus Hassk. . Aponogetonaceae. Aponogeton leptostachyus E. Mey. . . Alismataceae. Limnophyton obtusifolium (L.) Miq. . Hydrocharitaceae. Ottelia alismoides (L.) Pers... . . . . . Gramineae. Chloris Gayana Kunth . ... .. . . . Cyperaceae. Kyilinga alba Nees Er ee eee ee ae [ bammae.. Raplmarläutentu De lWild.).2 er Geen eme ie es . Avaceae. Amorphophallus gratus (Schott) N. E. Brown . . Restionaceae. Restio compressus Rottb.. . . . . . Xyridaceae. Xyris augustifolia De Wild. et Dur. . . Eriocaulaceae. Mesanthemum radicans (Benth.) Koern. . Commelinaceae. Aneilema beninense Kunth . . Juncaceae. Prionium serratum Drege . Liliaceae. Dracaena Perrotetii Bak. . Amaryllidaceae. Crinum abyssinicum Hochst. . Velloziaceae. Barbacenia aequatorialis Rendle . . Dioscoreaceae. Dioscorea dumetorum ean Dax . Iridaceae. Lapeyrousia Fabricii Ker . . Musaceae. Strelitzia Reginae Banks ex Ai, SER FR EEE . Zingiberaceae. Aframomum Laurenti (De Wild. et Dur.) K. Schum. . . Marantaceae. Clinogyne arillata K. Schum. : . Orchidaceae. Listrostachys vesicata Reichb. f. . Piperaceae. Piper guineense Schum. . 28. Salicaceae. Salix Safsaf Forsk. . Myricaceae. Myrica conifera Burm. f. . Ulmaceae. Yrema guineensis Schum. . . Moraceae. Dorstenia elliptica Bureau . Uyticaceae.- Fleurya :aestuans’Gaud. „=. ..,.... . Proteaceae. Leucospermum conocarpum R. Br.. . . . . Loranthaceae. Loranthus capitatus (Spreng.) Engl.. Santalaceae. Osyris tenuıfolia Engl. . Opihiaceae. Oyilia amentacea Roxb. . 1. “nu ae Olacaceae. Olax Durandii Eng.. . Arisiolochiaceae. Aristolochia bracteata Retz . Polygonaceae. Oxygonum sinuatum (Hochst. et Steud.) Ba et ies . Chenopodiaceae. Traganum nudatum Del. . Amarantaceae. Achyranthes angustifolia Benth. . Nyctaginaceae. Pisonia aculeata L. . Aizoaceae. Trianthema pentandrum L. . Portulacaceae. Talinum cuneifolium Willd. . Caryophyllaceae. Polycarpaea linearifolia DC. . Ranunculaceae. Anemone vesicatoria (L. f.) Pratt . Menispermaceae. Cocculus Leaeba DC. . Anonaceae. Anona senegalensis Pers. . Myristicaceae. Pycnanthus Kombo (Baiil.) Warb. To face page 70 71 72 73 74 100. 101. 102. 103. IO4. LIST OF PLATES . Monimiaceae. Glossocalyx longicuspis Benth . Lauraceae. Ocotea bullata (Burch.) Benth. . . Papaveraceae. Trigonocapnos curvipes Schlecht. . Cruciferae. Heliophila amplexicaulis L. f. . . . . . Capparidaceae. Polanisia hirta (Klotzsch) Sond. . Resedaceae. Oligomeris glaucescens Cambess. . . Drosevaceae. Drosera Burkeana Planch. . Podostemonaceae. Tristicha alternifolia Tul. . . Hydrostachyaceae. Hydrostachys multifida A. Juss. . Crassulaceae. Kaianchoe laciniata DC. . : . Saxifragaceae. Brexia madagascariensis Thouars . Pittosporaceae. Pittosporum viridiflorum Sims . . Cunoniaceae. Weinmannia Hildebrandtii Baill. . . Bruniaceae. Raspalia microphylla (Thunb.) Brongn. . Hamamelidaceae. Trichocladus ellipticus Eckl. et Zeyh. . Rosaceae. Parinarium congoense Engl. rt . Connaraceae. Connarus Smeathmanni DC. . . Leguminosae. Bauhinia macrantha Oliv.. . Geraniaceae. Monsonia biflora DC. . Oxalidaceae. Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC. . Linaceae. Hugonia acuminata Engl. . . Erythroxylaceae. Erythroxylon pictum E. Re . Zygophyllaceae. Balanites aegyptiaca Del. selrutaceac.. Agathosma ciliata. Link. “I. nenne . Simarubaceae. Irvingia Barter: Hook. f. . Burseraceae. Pachylobus edulis G. Don . . Meliaceae. Trichilia retusa Oliv. Malpighiaceae. Acridocarpus macrocalyx Enples 3 . Polygalaceae. Securidaca longepedunculata Fresen. . Dichapetalaceae. Dichapetalum leucosepalum Ruhl. . Euphorbiaceae. Phyllanthus floribundus Muell. Arg. . . Anacardiaceae. Lannea Schimperi (Hochst.) Engl... . . Celastvaceae. Elaeodendron croceum (Thunb.) DC.. . . Hippocrateaceae. Salacia Dusenü Loesen. . . . . . Icacinaceae. Apodytes dimidiata E. Mey. . . . . Sapindaceae. Deinbollia pycnophylla Gilg . Meiianthaceae. Bersama abyssinica Fresen. . . Balsaminaceac. Impatiens capensis Thunb. . . Rhamnaceae. Ventilago leiocarpa Benth.. . Vitaceae. Cissus cirrhosa (Thunb.) Planch. . . Chlaenaceae. Leptochlaena multiflora Thouars. . . Tiltaceae. Grewia occidentalis L. . Malvaceae. Pavonia praemorsa Willd. . Bombacaceae. Bombax lukayensis De Wild. et fu . Sterculiaceae. Dombeya Bruceana A. Rich. 27 Pitas Done . Scytopetalaceae. Rhaptopetalum ses Engl. . Dilieniaceae. Tetracera alnifolia Willd. . Ochnaceae. Ochna Hoepfneri Engl. et Gilg. . Theaceae. Visnea Mocanera L. f. . Guttiferae. Allanblackia floribunda Oliv. Elatinaceae. Bergia suffruticosa (Del.) Fenzl Tamaricaceae. Tamarix senegalensis DC.. . . . . Cistaceae. Cistus heterophyllus Desf. . Violaceae. Rinorea gracilipes Engl. Flacourtiaceae. Flacourtia Ramontchi L’ Her. XV To face page . 209 + 210 27 . 214 . 215 . 228 229 230 23T 4232 « 233 - 234 - 235 Xvl LIST OF PLATES To face page 105. Turneraceae. Wormskioldia: lobata: Urb. . 1.4.4.0. em. 2374 106; Passifloraceae, Adenia lobata (Jacq.) Engl... +... « a0 2). 2) ee 107, Bepgoniaceae, Begonia Favargeri Rechinger,.. 2. 8.) 20050). 0 Wr 108... Penaeaceae.. Sarcocolla squamosa (L.) Kunth’... 03) “RERERERTE. ose 109. Thymelaeaceae. Lachnaea filamentosa (L. f.) Gilg. . . . . . . . . 382 120..Lyihracese. Nesaea floribunda Sond. .):).)) Hisense) ee ER 110. Lecythidaceae. Barringtonia racemosa (L.) Blume. .0)o9).9 ) Era 112. Rhizophoraceae. Weihea africana Benth. te is RT: Saas se 113. Combretaceae. Combretum racemosum Beauv. . . . . . . . «+ « «» 390 114. Myrtaceae. Eugenia natalitia Sond. . . TUNES oa 115. Melastomataceae. Dissotis capitata (Vahl) Singh: 5 re N Pe 116. Oenotheraceae. Jussieua linifolia Vahl . u, u ee. es Dr 117. Halovrhagaceae. Laurembergia repens Berg... i. Sw 118. Araliaceae. Cussonia spicata Thunb. Au ER re. Ve ai 119. Umbelliferae. Annesorrhiza capensis Cham: et Schlechtd. . ti’ et 120. Evicaceae. Philippia Chamissonis Klotzsch 5), 25.95. =) 2) wa) JO) 121. Myrsinaceae. Maesa lanceolata Forsk. . wk ee > Oe 122. Primulaceae. Ardisiandra sibthorpioides Bote ; (oo oh Sa 123. Plumbaginaceae. Dyerophyton africanum (Laas O. Ktze. DE 124. Sapotaceae. Mimusops Kümmel Bruce.) untl ar Sa 3 125. Ebenaceae.’ Maba buxifolia (Rottb.) Pers. 46) Val...) sono 2 424 126. Oleaceae.. Schrebera alata Welw...) ..! Zr fu Ta Jan Jo to 127, Logantaceae. Nuxia Autunesii Gilg „u. m yey we). oc a 128. Gentianaceae. Chironia transvaalensis Gilg . .. .ı. una „OrZEiEHEn 129. Apocynaceae. Clitandra Arnoldiana De Wild. . . . . u. 000 12, 440 130. Asclepiadaceae. Tacazzea venosa (Hochst.) Decne. . . . + . 202 u 44 131. Convolvulaceae. Jacquemontia capitata Don‘... sane dooce: A 132. Borraginaceae. Cordia senegalensis Juss. pene oP Pe READ. - SR 133. Verbenaceae. Clerodendron formicarum Guerke. =. . 2.0. 5s 2.) ge 134. Labiaiae. Plectranthus madagascariensis Benth, . . . . 2 . . . . 471 135. Solanaceae. Discopodium penninervium Hochst. . . . . . . . . 482 136. Scrophulariaceae. Chaenostoma Burkeanum (Benth.)) Wettst.n ’ .. oi. ıc Sg eee 137. Bignontaceae. Kigelia aethiopica Deene .' „1... na ee On 138. Pedaliaceae. Sesamum angolense Welw.. . fH. ede N ae 139. Ovobanchaceae. Cistanche lutea Link et Motnrg: oki. oo... EEE 140. Gesneraceae. Streptocarpus Cooperi Clarke . . . . 9. 6.0. „no 4 GE 141. Lentibulariaceae. Utricularia livida E. Mey.. . . Jhentl. ts A 142. Acanthaceae. Justicia matammensis (Schweinf.) ieee (opal. a) 9 143. Plantaginaceae. Plantago palmata Hook. f. PSE ANAM 144. Rubiaceae. Pavetta lasiorrhachis K. Schum. | . °°...) 2 You Ve 145. Caprifoliaceae. Viburnum rugosum Pers. . 1... min. re 146. Valertanaceae. Valeriana capensis Vahl .. .. „U lan m em) 2 147. Dipsacaceae. Cephalaria rigida (Spreng.) Schrad. . . . . . . . « « 534 148, Cucurbitaceae. Momordica Charantia L.. ». -..07. 9.7 wee =. 149. Campanulaceae. Lightfootia subulata L’Her. . 2. mn oo 150. Compositae. Wernonia Baumii ©. Hoffm. . . . . . . . . . + + 545 MAP MAP OF AFRICA, I: 49,000,000, with list of floral regions and provinces, Qty o4 perma. 2, omg a; se N Anonacoty, le doreae 16 Faz Dcoty Ledo anrcticllanslere 33: ur peta Ahan ) 3 or Sam pet afetalae. 54. chenipıtalae. 188 fete” Pre, TAMILILES LIBRARY EW yore EMBRYOPHYTA SIPHONOGAMA (PHANEROGAMAE) I. Ovules naked, borne on a floral axis without carpels, or on open carpels without a stigma. Perianth simple or none. Flowers unisexual. Stem woody. [Subdivision GYMNOSPERMAE. | CNHI) se sift 2 Ovules encased in the ovary formed by stigma-bearing Se and nearly always closed to the top, rarely (Resedaceae) open above. [Subdivision ANGIOSPERMAE]. . . . 5 2. Leaves pinnately compound or dissented, konnen a crown a he for of the stem. Stem simple or scantily branched towards the top. Juice muci- laginous. Perianth none. Stamens with numerous pollen-sacs. Embryo with 2 more or less connate cotyledons. [Class CYCADALES. | 1. Cycadaceae. Leaves undivided, scattered along the branches of the stem, rarely (Gneta- ceae) leaves 2, arising from the top of an undivided turnip-shaped stem and sometimes splitting lengthwise. Stamens with ı—9 pollen-sacs. arias youn 2—T5 free: cotyledons: . 2. 0lanıe nenn 8 3. Perianth present. Juice not resinous. Leaves not needle-shaped. Shrubs. iGlasstGNETALES. hol . . . . 4& Gnetaceae. Perianth absent. Juice resinous, ah, an so, but then leaves needle- shaped. Leaves needle- or scale-shaped. [Class CONIFERAE.|. 4 4. Seeds overtopping the fleshy or rudimentary carpels and surrounded by a fleshy aril. Carpels withiovulee . . . . . . .a& Taxaceae. Seeds concealed between the carpels, without an aril. Carpels usually with Zon more.ovulesalarien. +). . Jus) <> ae Bi Pinaeeae. 5. (1.) Embryo with a single england tadats Unditidied Vascular bundles scattered in the stem. Leaves usually parallel-veined (net-veined in many Araceae Dioscoreaceae and Taccaceae and a few Hydrocharitaceae Liliaceae and Orchidaceae), generally narrow entire and sessile with a dilated base. Flowers usually 3-merous. [Class MONOCOTYLEDO- PEA ly oe 2 flavin 1 6 Embryo with 2 Soiededlere bared ln ees one =? Alert cotyledon or undivided. Vascular bundles of the stem nearly always disposed in a cylinder. Leaves usually net-veined, rarely sessile with a dilated base and a narrow entire blade. Flowers usually 4- or 5-merous. [Class DIESEL BEDONRAR: TI awilvorl 1a. ats sok Ver wre A MAR 1 1 1932 IO. Ne 12. 13. MONOCOTYLEDONEAE . Perianth wanting or rudimentary, that is, reduced to small, hypogynous, free or partially-united scales, rarely ee replaced by sepaloid appendages of the connective . . : 7 Perianth well developed, calyx- or corolla- like or N: of La and corolla, rarely (Eriocaulaceae and 1 or. wanting in the female flowers . . > ; 15 . Flowers in the ae: of ee or more or a ang Be (a in spikelets consisting of one or several flowers and one or several empty glumes and nearly always arranged in spikes, racemes, panicles, or heads. Land-, marsh-, or freshwater-plants. Carpel solitary, with a single basal or laterally attached ovule. . . . Bo. Flowers in spadices with a fleshy rachis aad rend by one or several spathes, more rarely solitary or in glomerules, heads, or spikes; in the latter case (Potamogetonaceae) saltwater plants. . . . 9 . Embryo enclosed in the lower part of the albumen. Seed and ovule atta at the base, free from the pericarp and the wall of the ovary. Style 1, with I—3 stigmas. Anthers usually affixed at the base. Sheaths of the cauline and inner radical leaves closed all round, usually without a ligule. Stem usually triangular solid and without nodes. 17. Cyperaceae. Embryo outside the albumen, at its base. Seed and ovule attached laterally, but often near the base, usually adnate to the pericarp or the wall of the ovary. Style 1, with 1—6 stigmas, or styles 2. Anthers usually affixed at the back. Sheaths of the leaves nearly always split on one side and ending ina ligule. Stem usually cylindrical and hollow between the nodes. 16. Gramineae, . Plants without differentiation into stem and leaves, consisting of small floating leaf- or granule-like shoots. Flowers 2—3 together in cavities of the shoots, |... . . . . 20. Lemnaceae. Plants differentiated ind jem and ee TER . Jian Flowers solitary or in glomerules in the axils of the donee Carpel solitary. Naias, 9. Naiadaceae. Flowers in spikes, spadices, or heads, rarely (Potamogetonaceae) solitary or in glomerules, but then several separate carpels. . . . . . IZ Male flowers in panicles, female in heads or spadices. Flowers dioecious. Leaves narrow, usually serrate or prickly. Stem usually woody. Pandanus, 6. Pandanaceae. Male or all flowers solitary or in spikes, heads, or cymes. . . 12 Flowers in globose heads. . . . . Sparganium, 7. Sparganiaceae, Flowers solitary or in spikes, spadices, or cymes. . . 13 Ovaries several, separate, rarely ovary solitary, and eed marine eich very rarely freshwater-plants with hermaphrodite flowers. If flowers in spadices or spikes, then hermaphrodite or polygamous with I or several one-ovuled ovaries. ap i5 . . . 8 Potamogetonaceae. Ovary solitary. Land-, marsh-, or ey -plants; the latter with uni- 14. 15. 16. I7: 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 33 24. MONOCOTYLEDONEAE 3 sexual flowers. Flowers in spadices, unisexual, rarely raat but then with a several-ovuled ovary. . . 30 1 Ce) Eee Flowers monoecious ; male inflorescence, at least Se young, separated from the female by a deciduous spathe. Flowers usually surrounded by hairs. Ovule I, pendulous. Seed-coat not fleshy. Typha, 5. Typhaceae. Flowers hermaphrodite or unisexual ; if monoecious, then male inflorescence in uninterrupted connexion with the female, or separated from it by an empty interval or by barren flowers, but not by a spathe. Seed-coat re ie We ome a TENT Ie LG LG.tA6% 20 wile 19! y Argeeae, Pease eoUpenOn mim Wir. li rif do dane ao oy ao! tr 6 Ovary inferior or half-inferior. . . RAT te. 37 Carpel solitary or carpels connate an eee a ar As or slightly lobed ovary. _. ? Oh ee ANDY Ue Te Carpels several, ans or reine Sal ai ie N ht 133 Perianth calyx-like, sometimes slightly coloured, but firmly Speman or leathery, or differentiated by size or coalescence into an inner and an outer whorl of segments, all of which are sepaloid. . . . 18 Perianth corolla-like or consisting of outer le and inner Be seg- emits „N. 25 Leaves folded in the Hil suis ecptently ia Nee into Tene ly or BE: disposed segments, rarely only 2-cleft. Stem woody, but sometimes very short. Flowers in spadices or panicles with spathes. 18. Palmae. Leaves undivided, rarely divided, but then not folded and springing from a herbaceous stem. . . ss Hnshag, 4 ITS Sins Flowers in spadices with a ne ee sometimes a ten of the stem. Are i re ony tS Yin ‚SeiWsltasel arıri9: " Aracaae: Flowers not in Pearce Jar Sad egos) eit apo Bnet) 20 wor Do Stamen I. Ovule I, erect. Stigmas several. Flowers solitary or in glomerules in the axils of the leaves. . . . Natas, 9. Naiadaceae. Stamens2—6.. . . . ee ee Anthers turned outwards. ne Eh I a: er: in a cell and with several sessile stigmas. Flowers hermaphrodite. Seeds exal- buminöus...\ ..) 9: at Ree Triglochin, 11. Seheuchzeriaceae. Anthers turned es ‘gate albuminous. . . An222 Anthers I-celled. Flowers unisexual, in spikelets Bl el in spikes or panicles. Perianth dry. Stamens 2—3. Ovary with ı pendulous ovule.in eachicell. 5 .: ». . . 22. Restionaceae. Anthers 2-celled. If flowers octal ead in ee then perianth not Ba DES een. T. iC Boa rang ron an SOU We ae! 323 Flowers monoecious, in heads surrounded by an involucre. Ovary with I pendulous ovule in each cell. . . . . . . 25, Eriocaulaceae. Flowers hermaphrodite, polygamous, or dioecious. . . -. - + + 24 Style 1 with 3 long and thin stigmas. Perianth dry. Leaves linear. 31. Juncaceae. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. ST; 32) 33. 34. MONOCOTYLE DONEAE Style 1 with 3 thick or short stigmas or with a single stigma, or styles 3. Perianth usually herbaceous... « «. . 32.: Liligeene; (17.) Perianth corolla-like. Usually BERN sa and embryo or its radicle placed next to the hilum, more rarely ovules straight and embryo or its radicle remote from the hilum, and then albumen fleshy or carti- laginous. ) 2 Se Perianth hind into tee and EN Ovules straight. Embryo small, remote from the hilum. Albumen more or less mealy . . 31 Seeds with mealy albumen. . . NT Seeds with fleshy or cartilaginous afbiiinent thes" a Ovules 2 or more in each ovary-cell. Seeds with a ee ess enclosed in the albumen. . . . . . . 29. Pontederiaceae. Ovule I in each ovary- cal Bde cee a small embryo appressed to the albumen... Perianth white or yellow. . . ... . .. . „ein OR Perianth-segments free or nearly so. Anthers opening lengthwise. Stig- mas 3. Fruit a berry. Stem climbing. Leaves scattered, ending in tendrils. Flowers in panicles. . . Flagellaria, 21. Flagellariaceae. Perianth-segments united below into a tube. Anthers opening by apical pores. Stigma I. Fruit a capsule. Stem erect. Leaves all radical. Flowers inheads. . . . . . Maschalocephalus, 26. Rapateaceae. Stamens 3. Ovule ı in each ovary-cell. Perianth yellow. 33. Haemodoraceae. Stamens 6 or more, rarely 3, but then ovules 2 or more in each ovary-cell. 30 Anthers opening at the apex. Stamens affixed to the perianth. Ovary adnate to the perianth at the base. Ovules numerous in each cell. Perianth blue. Leaves linear or lanceolate. Walleria, 34. Amaryllidaceae. Anthers opening lengthwise, rarely at the apex, but then stamens (at least some of them) and ovary free from the perianth. . . 32. Liliaceae. (25.) Ovary 2—3-celled. Fertile stamens 2—6. . 28. Commelinaceae. Ovary I-celled, sometimes with incomplete partitions. Ovules numerous. Fertile stamens 3. Flowers in heads, short spikes, or umbels. . . 32 Sepals 3, subequal. Anthers opening by a terminal lid. Staminodes none. Stigma I. Leaves scattered. Flowers in umbels. Mayaca, 23. Mayacaceae. Sepals 3, very unequal, or2. Anthers opening by longitudinal slits. Stami- nodes 3. Stigmas 3. Leaves all radical. Flowers in heads or spikes. Xyris, 24. Xyridaceae. (16.) Leaves divided. Woody plants. Seeds albuminous. 18. Palmae. Leaves undivided. Herbaceous plants. . . - 34 Plants without green colour, growing upon mould. Tene reden . scales. Perianth of 6 petaloid segments. Seeds albuminous. Sciaphila, 15. Triuridaceae. Plants of green colour, growing in the water. Leaves well developed. Perianth of 6 segments differentiated into sepals and petals, or of I—3 segments. Seeds exalbuminous. we Et ee a 35. 36. 37: 38. 39. 40. 4l. 42. 43. 45. MONOCOTYLEDONEAE 5 Perianth consisting of I—3 coloured segments. Aponogeton, 10. Aponogetonaceae. Perianth consisting of 6 segments more or less distinctly differentiated into sepals and petals, red in the female flowers only of 3 greenish seg- a [RI |: «gO Ovules numerous, covering tie hen inner le er the cael 13. Butomaceae. Ovules 1—2, rarely more, and then all inserted at the upper suture of the ER aaa NG BU 2 07 ooo 182) eAlligurdtiaceac. fee SamensnasRlowersumegularya lv. ud Samen lern 20138 Stamens 2—18. Flowers usually regular. iR: „HL Staminodes small or wanting. Ovary I-celled spin numerous ovules. Style adnate to the filament. Seeds exalbuminous. Leaves usually with longitudinal nervation. . . IR 44. Orchidaceae. Staminodes, at least some of them, berä- le Ovary I-celled with a single ovule or more frequently 3-celled. Seeds albuminous. Leaves with pinnate nervation. . . a eh te Pete Anthers 2-celled. Sepals united shales Fioßere rien 40. Zingiberaceae. Anthers ı-celled. Sepals free. Flowers asymmetrical . . . 40 Ovules several or many in each ovary-cell. Seeds with straight Surkiafe, Beaistalkmotsthickened. . . : . . . Canna, 41. Cannaceae. Ovules solitary in each cell. Seeds with curved embryo. Leaf-stalk thick- ened towards the apex or throughout its whole length. 42. Marantaceae. mens nsuallvegeu sa gultvo Laredo rl) ag Stamens 5—18, usually 6. . . . TR, Perianth-segments sepal-like or the nates Shake ies inner peter ae Ovary I-celled, sometimes incompletely 6-celled. Seeds exalbuminous. Water PLANS Wr u W 4 . . . . 14 Hydrocharitaceae. Perianth-segments setts stale: Ovary usually 3-celled. Seeds albuminous. Land- or marsh-plants. . . diel EEE Stamens opposite the outer peranth Setiels: cite opening outwards or laterally. ae . . . 88 Iridaceae. Stamens alternating with the: sited or ite all perianth-segments. Anthers opening inwards or laterally. ae . 44 . Leaves well developed, green. Inner Bernie abdul ine the outer. Anthers lengthwise. Stigmas 3, linear, or stigma Smile. (hiss hee) <% na TR 33. Haemodoraceae. Leaves scale-like, not green, a wei: devalapeti and green, but then inner perianth-segments much smaller than the outer or wanting, anthers provided with an enlarged connective and opening transversely, and Suanasaxstorbandithieck...n.. mals nn 43. Burmanniaceae. Ovary incompletely 6—15-celled with 6—15 stigmas, more rarely completely 1-celled with 3 stigmas. Perianth consisting of calyx and corolla, more 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. Tz 52. 53: 54. MONOCOTYLE DONEAE rarely only of 3 petal-like segments. Water-plants with submerged or floating leaves. . . . . 14 Hydrocharitaceae. Ovary 3-celled, rarely I- ls. but ee aaa 6. Perianth usually of 6 petaloid segments. Land-plants. . . 1s a Ovary I-celled. Style umbrella-shaped, 6- oped! Pathe 36. Taccaceae, Ovary 3-celled . . . scomiowre A Ovules in each ovary-cell 2, one ahve the ether, Flowers unisexual, regular. Stem climbing. Eike . . . . 387, Dioscoreaceae. Ovules in each ovary-cell 1, 2 aa by eu or more.. Flowers hermaphrodite, rarely unisexual but irregular. . . ke (a Perianth distinctly differentiated into a atid cotta Leaves toothed. Inflorescence spadix-like. . . . . . Ananas, 27. Bromeliaceae. Perianth more or less corolla-like. . . . . 49 Flowers distinctly irregular, in fascicles usually RER in ae or racemes. Stamens 5, rarely 6. Seeds with more or less mealy albumen. Leaves with pinnate nervation. Tallplants. . . . . . 989. Musaceae. Flowers regular or nearly so. Stamens 6 or more. Seeds with fleshy or cartilaginous albumen. Leaves nearly always with longitudinal nerva- ond. -0; iain Se: . os, Flowers er, ia, No bulb or tuber ; Ai a Short woody trunk. Placentas much projecting, thickened, shield-shaped. Barbacenia, 35. Velloziaceae. Flowers in umbels, spikes, racemes, or panicles, more rarely solitary, but then underground stem a bulb ora tuber. Placentas not much projecting and thickened. ees . Ovary half-inferior, with 2 pasa erde in een en aac opening at the apex. Seeds with a large embryo adjoining the albumen. Flowers in racemes or panicles. . . . . Cyanastrum, 30. Cyanastraceae. Ovary inferior, rarely half-inferior, but then with more than two ovules in each cell. Seeds with a small embryo enclosed in the albumen. 34. Amaryllidaceae. (5.) Perianth wanting or simple or consisting of a calyx and a choripetalous corolla; petals, if present, free, more rarely cohering at the apex or in the middle, but free at the base. [Subclass ARCHICHLAMYDEAE. | 58 Perianth consisting of a calyx and a sympetalous corolla ; petals more or less united, at least at the base. [Subclass METACHLAMYDEAE or SYMPETALAE.| (05-4 er Es Perianth wanting or esse: adit is, N, En eh more detrei of 2—7 somewhat dissimilar ones without a distinct differentiation into sepals and petals. [APETALAE.] . . ie VU RE eee Perianth differentiated into calyx and corolla, more eared consisting of 8 or more slightly dissimilar segments not distinctly separated into sepals and petals. [CHORIPETALAE.] . . P er Perianth absent in the hermaphrodite nd fatale duvet but sometimes replaced by bracteoles. Ovary naked.. 22 2 EEE ee 59. 60. 61. 62. 64. 65. 66. APETALAE 7 Perianth present in the hermaphrodite and female flowers. . . . 69 . Ovary completely ı-celled. . . . ID. Re PISS Be Ovary 2—4-celled, at least in its lower half. aS SRO SO 2.3768 . Ovule solitary, rarely (Balanophoraceae) ovules3. . . . . . . 57 Ovules numerous, rarely (Caswarimaceae) 2: .». 6. 22 63 =Owule basal or attached bya basalfunicle. . 3. =. 0. 2 ni... 88 Ovule apical or adnate to the wall of the ovary. N C2 aa arlene tan Bla Vanuatu ceria. 59 Ovule incurved or inverted. Stil ries: ; 61 Flowers in fascicles, the male with a renal. Stamens I—5. Seay Ee Fruit dry. Seed albuminous. . . weh 54. Urticaceae. Flowers in spikes, the male without a a but sometimes with 2—6 bracteoles. Stamens 2—-12. Fruit succulent. . . 0-00 Flowers unisexual. Stigmas 2, thread-like. Fruit a de ceed exal- buminous. Trees, shrubs, or undershrubs. Leaves without stipules. Myrica, 48. Myricaceae. Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous, more rarely unisexual, but then leaves stipulate. Fruit a berry. Seed with copious albumen. 46. Piperaceae. Ovule incurved. Stigmas 2—5. Seed with curved embryo. Flowers usually in glomerule-, or spike-like cymes. : 67. Chenopodiaceae. Ovule inverted. Stigmas I—2. Seed with straight embryo. Flowers usually in heads..... .... doradhlcoe rein 22. , 1 COMPOSTS: Leaves well-developed, ee Green plants. Ovule solitary, free. 53. Moraceae. Leaves scale-like. Coloured (not green) herbaceous plants. 62. Balanophoraceae. . (56.) Ovules 2, ascending, straight. Male flowers with a 2-parted perianth. Stamen I. Fruit a nut. Trees or shrubs. Leaves whorled, scale-like. Male flowers in spikes, female in heads. Casuarina, 45. Casuarinaceae. Ovules numerous, inverted. Male flowers without a perianth, but some- times with a disc. Fruit a capsule. Leaves well developed. Flowers in spikes or catkins. . . ee, ee =i RN OM. Flowers with a disc ee Kendreh by oak Stamens 2 or more. Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, entire toothed or lobed, stipulate. 47. Salicaceae. Flowers without a disc. Stamen I (or stamens 2 with united filaments.) Aquatic herbs. . . . . „ Hydrostachys, 94. Hydrostachyaceae. (55.) Ovary 2-celled at the base, with I ovule in each incomplete cell. Styles 2. Stamens 4. Trees or shrubs. Flowers in spikes or catkins. 50. Betulaceae. Ovary completely 2—4-celled. CAIUS) OO MDT OV ee) Ovules solitary in each ovary-cell. Sil. EV Ovules 2 or more in each ovary-cell. Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite. Male flowers without a perianth. ..-. > .+ 2... SoU “ide 68 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73- 74- 75: APETALAE Ovary 2—3-celled. Ovules with a double coat. . 122. Euphorbiaceae. Ovary 4-celled. Ovules with a single coat. Styles 2. Stamen 1. Male flowers without a perianth. Fruit a drupe. Herbs. Leaves opposite. Callitriche, 123. Callitrichaceae. Ovary 2-celled with 2 ovules in each cell. Style ı, with 2 stigmas. Sta- mens 2. Fruit anut. Leaves pinnate, exstipulate. Fraxınus, 197. Oleaceae. Ovary 3—4-celled with numerous ovules in each cell. Styles 3—4. Stamens 3—8. Fruit a capsule or a schizocarp. Leaves undivided, stipulate. Myrothamnus, 99. Myrothamnaceae. (54:)* Ovary superior or nearly-so.. . Wi WR, nee. 7% Ve Ovary inferior’to halfinferior. . VW an oie Ovary 1, entire or lobed. . . . een _ Ovaries 2 or more, distinct or united at the Babe only: . | 3°). Ovary I-celled, sometimes incompletely chambered. ee Ovary completely or almost completely 2- or more-celled. . . . . 118 OleT. "ar, WE RT FI ERIS I Ree Ovules 2 or more. GB J OF (ae Ovule erect or ascending or ach br a Be Fantele: - . nn --Ovule'pendulous or'descending.” 2. 2 OO N RT Ovmle Straight. 2.0 uP Pe See Ee N EP Ovule incurved or inverted. NE os Ay td ae | . | Cae Style ı or none; stigma solitary or stigmas 2 or more, soitientiats at the base. ul: oe a A = 76 Styles 2—4, free or united at the ER pe tnt Con at he bale Stamens’ 450: 200) RE) OSD Sak a a Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous. Stigma sessile, 2-lobed. Seed 76. 77: 78. 79: 80. with fleshy albumen. Shrubs or trees. Leaves without stipules. Exocarpus, 56. Santalaceae. Flowers unisexual, rarely polygamous, but then herbs and stigma peni- later), a, 00 0 ml ee ee Je Leaves exstipulate. Stamens 2—12. Stigmas 2. Seed without albumen. Myrica, 48. Myricaceae. Leaves stipulate, rarely exstipulate, but then stigma 1. Stamens 1—s5. 78 Stamens straight in bud. Juice milky. Trees. . . 53, Moraceae. Stamens incurved in bud. Juice not milky. . . . 94. Urticaceae. Leaves simple, entire toothed lobed or cleft, with a stem-clasping sheath at the base. Seed with copious mealy albumen. 66. Polygonaceae. Leaves compound, exstipulate. Stamens 5. Seed without albumen. Pistacia, 127. Anaeardiaceae. (74.) Ovule incurved. Embryo en curved; albumen usually hit: ; fod ner A Ovule inverted. Boa Baiah or we SO ; aliens usually fleshy or wanting. oe en wl) en Algtäbkrn spiced | hee aaron 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. gl. 92. APETALAE 9 Perianth-segments 6, petal-like, free. Stamens 8—10. Style 3—4-cleft. Flowers dioecious. Spiny trees. . . Didierea, 134. Sapindaceae, Perianth-segments I—5. N Bin Perianth with valvate and folded TS Ci loben ER in fruit. Stamens hypogynous, united at the base. . . . 69. Nyetaginaceae, Perianth with imbricate or open aestivation, rarely with valvate not folded aestivation ; in the latter case deeply divided. . . . ur Stamens I—1IO, perigynous, rarely (Queria) 10, fe ukiehe +Sié tiles present, rarely absent, and then leaves opposite and styles 2—3. 75. Caryophyllaceae. Stamens I—5, hypogynous or nearly so, rarely distinctly perigynous, but then stipules wanting and leaves alternate or styler. . . . . 84 Stamens as many as the perianth-segments or one less (3—5), alternating with them, hypogynous. Flowers hermaphrodite. . . . . 85 Stamens as many as the perianth-segments or one less, but opposite to them, or considerably fewer, or in greater number. Leaves without sti- See SMU BY sate, SR petits Thm kt TL ERENTO Flowers in cymes, 5-merous. Perianth membranous. Embryo hooked, Leaves whorled, usually stipulate. . . Adenogramma, 72. Aizoaceae, Flowers in spikes or racemes, with bracteoles. Perianth herbaceous. Embryo nearly ring-shaped. Leaves alternate, usually exstipulate. 71. Phytolaccaceae. Perianth more or less scarious or papery. Seed albuminous ; embryo ring- or horseshoe-shaped. Flowers with bracteoles. 68. Amarantaceae. Perianth more or less herbaceous or membranous. Stigmas 2—5. 67. Chenopodiaceae. PMP tmalaten ee lie nette ee + Aa. Kenne Br ıves ezätipulafe. 1:.,.%... a Aten una bs: BE Leaves opposite, undivided. ans en Sees albuminous. 75. Caryophyllaceae. Leaves alternate. Seed exalbuminous. . . . . . 103. Rosaceae. Stem herbaceous. Flowers in heads, unisexual. Stamens as many as and alternate with the perianth-segments. Stigmas 2 in the female Manvers... Seediexalbuminous. +... ea 226. Compositae. ae, an Be et DO Perianth with imbricate aestivation. Stamens numerous, free or nearly so. Seed exalbuminous. ur Calophyllum, 149. Guttiferae. Perianth with valvate aestivation. Cedi eek re ee on Stamens attached to the perianth, as many as its segments, 4, rarely 5; filaments free. Seed exalbuminous. . . ... linet) ~ 92 Stamens free from the perianth, as many as its secede or more often in greater number ; filaments more or less united. Seed albuminous. 93 Stamens opposite the perianth-segments. Flowers in spikes or heads. 55. Proteaceae. Io 93. 94. 95- 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. IOI. IO2. 103. 104. 105. APETALAE Stamens alternate with the perianth-segments. Flowers solitary or in Eascicles to) . . . Elaeagnus, 172. Elaeagnaceae. Stamens 5—1I5 ; sien na at the base only. Anthers opening laterally. Perianth 5-toothed. Style slender. Seed without an aril ; embryo large. . . . . . Pisonia, 69. Nyetaginaceae. Stamens very numerous or en the filaments united throughout- their length. Anthers opening outwards. Perianth 2—4-, rarely 5-lobed. Seed with an aril; embryo small. . . . . . 82. Myristicaceae. (733) Grule straightienin. oe sli bite pods whee +1 Ovule incurved or inverted. yer ae . ees Perianth 4-parted. Stamens 4. Seed without es Stradi or trees. Flowers in spikes or heads. . . . . . . 55. Proteaceae. Perianth g—12-parted. Stamens ae Seed with a thin albumen. Herbs. Flowers solitary or in pairs in the axils of the leaves. Ceratophyllum, 77. Ceratophyllaceae. Lasves stimmlate. ee Leaves exstipulate. . » . Je RiEEE Leaves compound, but sometimes ah one N bale A tightly enclosed by the perianth. Seed exalbuminous. Herbs, undershrubs, or shrirbs.. ., % = ee Leaves simple, but ie (Moraceae) dissected. . . rss Anthers 3—4-celled. Seed albuminous. Macaranga, 122. Euphorbiaceae. Anthers 2-celled. Seed usually exalbuminous. . . =. 190 Flowers solitary or in fascicles. Stamens straight in Mr bua Shrubs or trees.. Juice not milky. . . . . . . 52. Ulmaceas: Flowers in spikes, racemes, panicles, or pty or inserted upon a dilated and often concave receptacle, rarely in fascicles, but then stamens bent inwards in the bud. Shrubs or trees with a milky juice or herbs. 53. Moraceae. Anthers opening by valves. Perianth-segments 4 or 6. Seed without albumen. Treesorshrubs. . .. . . . ..,. 84& Tia Anthers opening by longitudinal slits. . . . ea Stamens numerous. Flowers unisexual. Seed a copious ae albu- men: Irees or shrube. . . . . '. «|. « :83, Mops Stamens 8-10. . . 2 Style simple. Seed en a A see nat a ene alban or with- out albumen. 4 . . . 171. Thymelaeaceae. Styles 2. Seed with a paged embryo and mealy albumen. Flowers in Panes. ee. . . . Galenia, 72. Aizoaceae. (72.) Ovules basal or peed upon a central placenta.''. "7 aaa Ovules parietal or suspended from the apex of the cell. . . . 108 Perianth of 2—3 minute scales. Ovules numerous, inserted upon a central placenta. Water-plants. . . . . . . 98. Podostemonaceae. Perianth of 4—5 segments. 1. 2 RE A Flowers unisexual or polygamous, 4-merous. Ovules 2. Stigma 1. 106. 107. 108. 109. Ilo. Bae II2. E13: MITA. 115. 116. APETALAE II Seeds without albumen ; embryo straight. Shrubs. Leaves alternate. Empleurum, 115. Rutaceae, Flowers hermaphrodite. Seeds with mealy albumen ; + co more or memrcurvea. . Usually herbs. il. aie in. 108 Leaves alternate. Stamens 5. nen ELIOT ehh 68. ienntititncsad. Leaves opposite or whorled. . . . vi MER LOT Stigma I, rarely stigmas 2, and then deine 2—4. Sichieas 5 or more, perigynous. . . . . . 2, Aizoaceae, Stigmas 3—5, more dean: 25 ae teh Bere numerous or stamens I—3. 75. Caryophyllaceae. (103.) Ovules 2, suspended side by side from the apex of the cell or from a central placenta. Fruit drupaceous, usually one-seeded. . . I0g Ovules 2, one above the other, or more than 2, affixed to one or more BI ralplacentasstie She? 2 Wiis vs iar che ah I TEN LLZ Stamens as many as, and alternate with the perianth-segments. Leaves. exotpuiate. ty “Tru . . . 182. Teacinaceae. Stamens as many as, and rose the a segments, or in greater PMT ets Mer SRENZBER we Ae ees! DEN EN , TIO Flowers hermaphrodite. Leaves exstipulate. . . . 59. Olacaceae. Flowers unisexual. Leaves stipulate. . . os Stamens very numerous. Perianth 4—5- bail Flowers en Guya, 159. Flacourtiaceae. Stamens 2—8, rarely more, but then perianth 6—8-parted. 122. Euphorbiaceae. Ovules 2 or more, attached to a single placenta. Stamens more or less perigynous. Fruit a legume. Leaves compound or reduced to the dilated foot-stalk, usually stipulate. . . . . 105. Leguminosae. Ovules 3 or more, attached to 2 or more placentas, rarely to a single one, but then fruit a berry and leaves simple and undivided. . . . II3 Bile ctoaplenon a sessile Stigma speech ys ee ey LE Styles, style-branches, or sessile stigmas 2 or more. . . . . . II6 Perianth-segments imbricate in bud. Stamens 10 or more. Ovary Seceme. sserlscalbuminous... - 23%, + 159. Flacourtiaceae. Perianth-segments valvate in bud, more rarely imbricate, but then ovary stalked. Seeds exalbuminous. EEE Ar asl) te ie ES Stamens more or less perigynous. Ovary sessile or short-stalked. Perianth-segments valvate in bud. Leaves exstipulate. Seeds with straight embryo. sh»! . . . . 178. Lythraceae. Stamens hypogynous, more arent perigynous, but then ovary long- stalked and leaves stipulate. Seeds with curved embryo. 87. Capparidaceae. Ovary at first open at the apex. Styles or sessile stigmas 3, free. Stamens 10— 30. Perianth 5—6-cleft about halfway down. Seeds exalbumin- ous ; embryo curved. . . . . . Ochradenus, 89. Resedaceae. 117. II8. 119. 120. I2I. I22. Te: 124. 126. 127. 128. APETALAE Ovary closed. Stamens 4 or more; if 10 or more, then perianth deeply divided. war. . A Stamens as many as piaianitl re 403th MN RE by a corona. Styles 3, free or united at the base. . . . 161. Passifloraceae. Stamens more than perianth-segments, 6—40. Shrubs or trees. 159. Flacourtiaceae. (71.) Ovules:solitary.mveach ovary-cell.:. 6.5.0 2 0.) | ow FE @vules'2 or more in each ovary-cell. ......... On Ovules erect or ascending. 1) tod. glo sion 1 - N Me Ovules pendulous or descending. . . . TR Style 1, with 1—3 stigmas. Stamens Sede BEER the dist or at its edge. Flowers polygamous or unisexual. Seeds albuminous. Leaves pinnate, exstipulate. LO . . . 134. Sapindaceae. Styles 2—10, free or united Bela? Gud albuminous, rarely exalbumin- ous, but then leaves stipulate. Leaves undivided or lobed. . . 121 Perianth-segments 3 or 6. Stamens 3. Flowers unisexual or polygamous. Dwarfishrabss | iediiee: il) eo thesen lem one ve WD. Perianth-segments 4—5. Stamens 4 or more. . . Br 12; Seeds with straight embryo. Fruit drupaceous. Safes a united below. Stamens 4—5, perigynous. Perianth valvatein bud. Shrubs. Leaves stipulate, alternate... . . . . . 187, Rhamnaceae. Seeds with curved embryo and mealy ee Fruit dry, rarely baccate. Herbs or undershrubs, rarely shrubs, but then leaves exstipulate. 123 Flowers solitary or in cymes. Herbs or undershrubs. . 72. Aizoaceae. Flowers in spikes Or racemes. . . ., u. 71. Phytolaccaceae. Stamens Dypaßyuous, „3.20.01 200.2 at nnn Stamens perigynous. . . ..” eee . Flowers hermaphrodite. Ben. Men 4. SOP 2, 47-00 ©, Ovary-cells 2. Seeds exalbuminous ; embryo curved. Herbs. Leaves exstipulate; . 9. BET Lepidium, 88. Cruciferae. Flowers unisexual, key hetmankhüdit: but then perianth-segments 5, ovary-cells 5, and leaves stipulate.. . . en: Flowers unisexual. Leaves simple or a come Ovary Ustallyis-celledy ry’. . . . . «122. Euphorbiaceae. Flowers hermaphrodite, Earl kürserhat but then leaves pinnate and ovary surrounded by large scales. Ovary 5-celled. Leaves compound, stipulate. Jee . . . . 118. Zygophyllaceae. Flowers unisexual or ran Berian of the male flowers consisting of calyx and corolla, that of the female and hermaphrodite flowers simple, valvate in bud. Stamens 5. Styles 2. Fruit capsular. Embryo straight. Leaves stipulate. Trichocladus, 101. Hamamelidaceae. Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth simple. Leaves exstipulate. . . 128 Style and stigma simple. Embryo straight. Shrubs. Leaves alternate. 171. Thymelaeaceae. 129. 130. 737, 132. 133, 134. 135. 136. 137. 138. 139. 140. 141. APETALAE I> Styles or stigmas 2—5. Embryocurved. . . . . 72. Aizoaceae.. (118.) Flowers unisexual or eg Seen ROIS 2. or. 19G Flowers hermaphrodite. . . se 236 Stamens 2. Ovary 2-celled wich, 2 alles in ER cell, Style I, with 2: stigmas. Perianth 4-partite. _ Flowers polygamous. Leaves opposite, pinnate, exstipulate. Trees. . . . . Fraxinus, 197. Oleaceae. - Stamens 3 or more, rarely 2, but then flowers unisexual. Leaves simple or digitate, rarely pinnate, but then alternate. . . His. ESI Leaves with a pitcher-shaped appendage. Style absent ; aa 4-partite. Ovary 4-celled with numerous ovules in each cell. Nepenthes, 91. Nepenthaceae.. Leaves without pitchers. Style present. . . ; 42° 132 Style 1, with 2—6 stigmas. Seeds EEE alternate, without stipules.. . . 2.00 134: Sapindaceae. Styles 2 or more, free at the bass, RE the apex, or throughout. 13: Perianth-segments valvate in bud, united below. Filaments united. 144, Sterculiaceae.. Perianth-segments imbricate or open in bud, rarely valvate, but then free and filaments also free. . . . 3) ba pease Ovules with ventral raphe, 2 ina eal: eat TER opening septicidally and loculicidally. Leaves usually stipulate. 122. Euphorbiaceae.. Ovules with dorsal raphe. Shrubs or trees.. . . 4 du E35 Flowers monoecious. Stamens 4—6. Ovary 3- and ih 2 ovules in each cell. Fruit a loculicidal capsule. Leaves opposite, without. Shipnlesig . IT... a RER UN AU. 2245 Baxaeeae, Flowers dioecious or ringe: Stamens 10 or more. Fruit a berry Gre drapes; Leavessalternaten I Ian: 159. Flacourtiaceae.. (129.) Perianth-segments free or ws so. Stamens Be, or nearly so. 4 Fey? Sy, Perianth-segments ae Eriitegl nie ih perigynous. . I42 Stem herbaceous or woody at the base only. . . . «. . . . 138 Stem woody throughout its length. . . . Gh SPO Perianth-segments 2—3. Stamens I—4. Water RE 93. Podostemonaceae. Perianth-segments 4—5. Land-plants. Seeds with curved embryo. 139 Perianth-segments 4. Stamens I—6. Ovary-cells 2. Style 1. Seeds exalbuminous. Leaves exstipulate. . . . . . 88. Cruciferae. Perianth-segments 5. Ovary-cells 3—7. Styles 3—7. Seeds albuminous. Leaves stipulate. ae Innere av. TZ. Alzosepae; Ovary long-stalked. ee EURER 2—4, valvate or imbricate in bud ; in the latter case stamens 4—8. Seeds exalbuminous ; embryo sed, euietecs . . . 87, Capparidaceae. Ovary sessile or short- alked. Eaton Ioormore. Seeds albuminous ; embryo straight. aye eT + 3 ar AT (ET ge Perianth-segments 5, valvate in Ende a 141. Tiliaceae.. 14 142. 143. 144. 145. 146. 147. 148. 149. 15I. 152: 153. APETALAE Perianth-segments 3—8, imbricate or open in bud. 159. Flacourtiaceae, (136.) Styles or sessile stigmas 2—5. Seeds albuminous ; embryo curved. 72. Aizoaceae. Style 1 or a sessile stigma. Seeds exalbuminous or with a straight em- Beyer THON, TI ALD fA Stigmas or stigma-lobes I—2. Ovules numerous in each ovary-cell. 144 Stigmas or stigma-lobes 4. Ovules 2—4 in each ovary-cell. Flowers 4-merous. Leaves opposite, stipulate. . . N a Stamens 1—16. Ovary sessile or short- ssatead: Penbiegh straight. Leaves without stipules. . . BEIN 173. Lythraceae. Stamens very numerous. Ovary ehe alle Embryo curved. Leaves alternate, with small stipules. . . Maerua, 87, Capparidaceae. Perianth with valvate aestivation. Stamens 4. Ovules ascending, at least the lower ones. Seeds exalbuminous. . . 169. Penaeaceae. Perianth with imbricate aestivation. Stamens 8. Ovules pendulous. Seeds albuminous. . . . . Getssoloma, 168. Geissolomataceae. (7o))Ovules:solitary in each carpel. . . . =... -°5 iss Ovules 2 or more in each carpel. AR mel) Ovules erect, incurved. Perianth regular, 4— sep Seeds with a curved embryo and mealy albumen. Leaves undivided, without SUDBIES} BE: .) re Ovules pendulous or —— laterally, farely rich Bie then perianth irregular and strap-shaped or surrounded by an epicalyx. . . 149 Flowers in spikes or racemes. Fruit succulent, baccate. ae 71. Phytolaccaceae. Flowers in cymes. Fruit dry. WERL. . . . 72, Aizoaceae. Perianth-segments free or nearly so. (Geajnené hypogynous. . 150 Perianth-segments obviously united, at least in the female flowers. Sta- mens usually perigynous... .-... . : . 1.002 ee . Flowers unisexual. Stamens as many as Berta segments. Fruits fleshy, drupaceous. . . . . . . . 80. Menispermaceae. Flowers hermaphrodite or palecenioes Stamens usually more than perianth-segments. Fruits usually dry. . . 78. Ranunculaceae. Leaves undivided, exstipulate. Shrubs or trees. Flowers unisexual. Stamens 10 or more. Seeds with copious albumen. 83. Monimiaceae. Leaves more or less deeply divided or compound, stipulate. Seeds 'with- out albumen. ! oh AR a FE Perianth of 6 free enie imbricate in bud. Stamens numerous, free. Herbs. Leaves floating, peltate, exstipulate. Brasenia, 76. Nymphaeaceae. Perianth 4—8-lobed, valvate in bud. Stamens 4 or more, united at the base. Trees. Leaves stipulate. . . . . . 144. Sterculiaceae, (69.) Ovary ı-celled.ns3.- . 0.0 . 154 Ovary, at least after fertilisation, kömpletdhr or alas eomigläreih 2- or a a en. _ 154. 155 156. . 157: 158. 159. 160. 161. 162. 163. 164. 165. APETALAE I5 a na ee en a 15 Ovules 2or more. . . Ne #00 Ovule erect, ascending, Sttarheil oer an ee ie, or adnate to the ovary-wall. . . . BE nn. tar . 156 Ovule pendulous or ne) ar EN POR BE PREC? Ovule adnate to the ovary-wall. Style simple; stigma entire. Stamens as many as and opposite the perianth-segments. Perianth valvate in bud. Leaves without stipules. Shrubs growing upon trees. 61. Loranthaceae. Ovary free from the ovary-wall. Trees or shrubs growing on the ground, or herbaceous plants. . . su. svat? Deren Ovule straight. Embryo leid, lasers unisexual. Stamens as many as and opposite the perianth-segments or more. ‘ 158 Ovule incurved or inverted. Embryo curved, more rarely strich but then stamens as many as and alternating with the perianth-segments. 159 Stamens I—5. Leaves simple or digitate, stipulate. 54. Urticaceae. Stamens numerous. Stigmas 2. Trees. Leaves pinnate, exstipulate. Juglans, 49. Juglandaceae. Ovule inverted. Stamens as many as and alternating with the perianth- segments. Seeds exalbuminous ; embryo straight. 226. Compositae. Ovule incurved. Stamens as many as and opposite the perianth-segments or more. Seeds albuminous ; embryo curved. Herbs. . . 160 Flowers unisexual. Perianth-segments 2—4, valvate in bud. Stamens Io—30. Stigma I. Fruit drupaceous. Cynocrambe, 70. Cynoerambaceae, Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth-segments 5, imbricate in bud. Sta- mens 5. Stigmas 2—5. Fruit opening by a lid or bursting irregu- PEL coo ety bas] v5 1... pega Bla Bra Lid atc LOE Style short, with eae EN Leaves alternate, exstipulate. Flowers in spike- or panicle-like inflorescences. . Beta, 67. Chenopodiaceae. Style long, with 2 short stigmas. Leaves opposite, linear, stipulate. Flowers in heads. . . . . Sclerocephalus, 75. Caryophyllaceae. (155.) Ovule straight. Style simple. Stamen 1. Flowers polygamous. Reddish-brown herbs, parasitic upon roots. Leaves reduced to scales. Cynomorium, 184. Cynomoriaceae. Ovule incurved or inverted. Green plants. Leaves well developed. 163 Flowers unisexual or polygamous. Stamens as many as and opposite the perianth-segments or fewer. . . . rat TOR Flowers hermaphrodite. Stamens as many as ind iterate with the perianth-segments or more. Leaves exstipulate. . . ane? 266 Anthers opening = longitudinal slits. Flowers unisexual. eaves stipu- ae eae ae a | he eS. Moraecse. Anthers opening iy ER Leaves“exstipulate u, nen. \ 23165 Flowers unisexual. Leaves penninerved. Hypodaphnis, 84. Lauraceae. Flowers polygamous. Leaves palminerved. Gyrocarpus, 85. Hernandiaceae. 16 166. 170. 171. 172. 173. 174. 175. APETALAE Stamens 2. Styles 2. Embryo straight. Leaves radical. Gunnera, 183. Halorrhagaceae. Stamens 3—5. Styles 4, or a single style. Embryo curved. Leaves PitermAses a a ORs o_o 2254) Ovules 2—5. 20 22.2: 2.0 wa BRU ob We 0). aa Ovules numerous. . . . |e . Ovules adnate to the ovary- wally Stnmtins athe Shrubs parasitic on the stem of trees. . . . . 61, Loranthaceae. Ovules free from the ovary- BR Pauls: growing on the ground or parasitic upon roots. . . ; J an . Ovules suspended from the apex a he ovary- shel Stamens 8—1I0, rarely 4—5. Seeds exalbuminous. Shrubs or trees. Flowers in spikes, racemes, or heads „x. paves 179. Combretaceae. Ovules inserted on a central, seiieeiines subparietal, placenta. Seeds albuminous. . . . 170 Styles 4. Ovules 4. Steiktens, 4. Periahtli et the mite flowed ook of calyx and corolla. Herbs or undershrubs. . Laurembergia, 183. Halorrhagaceae. Style 1. Perianth of all flowers simple. ur 2 Ve Stigma 6—10-lobed. Stamens 5. Albumen rikn ite Shrubs or trees. Octoknema, 60. Octoknemataceae. Stigma entire or 2—5-lobed. . . . ER Stamens 8, twice as many as the perl Beenden " Bmibepe with inferior radicle. Shrubs. Leaves opposite. Grubbia, 58. Grubbiaceae, Stamens 2—6, as many as, or fewer than, the perianth-segments. Embryo with superior radicle or undivided. . . . Stem and leaves or scales green. Embryo ssid: 2 ae 56. Santalaceae. Stem and leaves not green ; stem herbaceous ; leaves scale-like. Flowers unisexual, in spikes or heads.. Embryo without cotyledons. 62. Balanophoraceae. (167.) Placentas apical. Style wanting. Stamens 3—4, united. Flowers hermaphrodite. Stem herbaceous, not green, bearing neither leaves ORECHIOR N PM Hydnora, 65. Hydnoraceae. Placentas parietal. Style present. Stem bearing leaves or scales. 175 Filaments united, 8 or more. Style 1. Embryo without cotyledons. Herbs. Leaves scale-like, not green. Flowers unisexual. i 64. Rafflesiaceae. Filaments free. Embryo with 2 cotyledons. Shrubs or trees. Leaves welldevelapeds un int gD rk en Sa . Flowers unisexual. Perianth 4—5-parted. Stamens 4—5. Style I. Grevea, 96. Saxifragaceae. Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth 7—8-parted. Stamens numerous. Styles 2—3. - + + + + « « Bembicıa, 159. Flacourtiaceae. Wife 178. 179. 180. 181. 182. 183. 186. APETALAE 17 53.) OnmlesSolitary mm, each jovary-cell.’ „ua 0. 8 Erz ori Morera each ovaryzelli.. 1. oa. nalen . BR BE erect or@seendmseh line NE ee IE Ovules pendulous or descending. . . . YA E . 180 Leaves opposite or whorled. Perianth RR like. oe -cells and styles 2. Embryo curved. . . : . . . 219. Rubiaceae. Leaves alternate. Perianth calyx- sitters N straight. 137. Rhamnaceae. Perianth wanting in the male flowers. Stamens 4. Ovary almost com- pletely 2-celled. Seeds exalbuminous. Shrubs. Leaves stipulate. Corylus, 50. Betulaceae. Perianth present in all flowers. Seeds albuminous. Herbs or under- shrubs, rarely shrubs or trees, but then, as usually, leaves exstipu- Ba a BOSE hh SEAN NERCH DLR. ZEN a A RE Flowers in umbels or as ir in whorls, and then leaves stipulate. Perianth-segments 5, alternating with as many stamens. Ovary-cells and styles 2. Seeds with horny albumen ; embryo small. 186. Umbelliferae, Flowers solitary or in axillary fascicles or in spikes. Leaves exstipulate. Perianth-segments 4, rarely 3 or 5. Seeds with fleshy or mealy albumen. Memo or undershrubs ! : ..2 % RER LU Se ee Flowers hermaphrodite. Seeds witha Mites embryo and mealy albumen. Teavessundivided. ' . . : :° . +. . Teiragonia, 12. Aizoaceae. Flowers unisexual or polygamous. Stamens 2, 4, or 8. Seeds with a straight embryo and fleshy albumen. Leaves, at least the lower ones, : Meeply divided se), 20. 2°58", Myriophyllum, 183. Halorrhagaceae. (177.) Ovules* 2 in each ovary-cell. Styles 3—6. Perianth-segments more or less united. Flowers unisexual, spicate. Leaves stipulate. SreessOr shrubs: °F" 2. aie 51. Fagaceae. Ovules numerous in each ovary- eT ER: egal 2—6, but then style 1 and flowers hermaphrodite. PURE TECHN RRL ewe Te! is Oy . Perianth-segments obviously united below. Seeds albuminous. Leaves without Stipules. . *.)>". 290 FEUER ID EEO EIE LSS OTL EG TOS Perianth-segments free or uber so: PN exalbuminous. . . . 186 . Flowers unisexual, in terminal spikes racemes or panicles. Perianth regular. Fruit a berry. Embryo without cotyledons. Herbs. Leaves scale-like, not green. - ee Cytinus, 64. Rafflesiaceae. Flowers hermaphrodite, er or fascicled in the axils of the leaves. ‘Perianth irregular. Stamens adnate to the style. Fruit a capsule. Embryo with 2 cotyledons. Leaves well developed, green. Aristolochia, 68. Aristolochiaceae. Flowers unisexual, in cymes. Perianth irregular. Stamens numerous. Styles 2—6, free or united at the base. Leaves stipulate. Begonia, 165. * Begoniaceae. B 18 187. 188. 189. 190. 191. 192. 193. 194. 195: 196. 197. 198. Igg. 200. CHORIPETALAE Flowers hermaphrodite, solitary or in racemes or heads. Perianth cegular. - Style 1, undivided.**; u $f / . Gel) . Stamens 3—6. Leaves stipulate. Herbs. j Ludwigia, 182. Oenotheraceae. Stamens numerous. Leaves exstipulate. Trees or shrubs. 176. Lecythidaceae. (53.) ‘Ovary stiperior or nearly so... u... Sinn oe Ovarytinteriotr to half-inferior. . . . . . . « + See Ovary'r, entire or lobed. . (2°. m Ovaries 2 or more, separate or united at thé babe sally: [i ae Ovary I-celled, sometimes with incomplete partitions or containing one or more empty rudimentary cells besides the fertile one. . . . IgI Ovary completely or almost completely 2- or more-celled, the partitions sometimes not quite reaching the apex ; or one cell only fertile, the others empty but well developed. . . 7%. . 9. > 2) Fe Ovule 1. Ba eo Ne) va ai eek od ie ao ee ee rr Ovules 2 or more. earn ks: Ye « 5 4h on oom oe oe ae Ovule erect or ascending or atiaghed by.a basal funicle. . Ts Omule pendulous „or descending...) . ©... +) nnn Leaves stipulate. Sepals5. . . 9. + sonne. Su Leaves exstipulate. eR re a er Basar, entire, 3 :, . . 195 Stigma I, five-lobed, or RE 2—3. Be on more or gre dis- tinctly perigynous. Flowers regular. Leaves undivided. . . 197 Flowers regular. Corolla with imbricate or contorted aestivation. Sta- mens 4—5, hypogynous. Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite, undivided. ‘ Dovera, 131. Salvadoraceae. Flowers irregular, rarely regular, but then leaves alternate and corolla with valvate aestivation or stamens more than 5. Stamens more or less. distinctly perigynous. . ,4)/ c6).() @-.,s5,.0 Were ae ee Style basal or nearly so. lie Jiostroie lee ee eee enn Style terminal or nearly so. Stamens 9—10. . . 105. Leguminosae. Stigma 5-lobed. Calyx valvate in bud. Seeds exalbuminous. Shrubs OP TPe6S; cu. is ua Maesopsis, 137. Rhamnaceae. Stigmas 2—3. RER an, . . . . 75, Caryophyllaceae. Sepals 2, free or nearly so. . . ee sae Sepals 3—7, free or more or less ua or an shine calyx. ii. 2am Flowers unisexual. Stamens 8—10. Style 3—4-cleft. Trees. Leaves undivided. e wee. Uw Oe. UN N Didiered, 184) “Samindacenas Flowers hermaphrodite. Stamens 2—7. Herbs or shrubs. . . 200 Corolla regular. Stamens 4—7, free or nearly so. Style 3-parted. Embryo large, curved. Shrubs. Leaves undivided. Portulacaria, 73. Portulacaceae. 201. 202. 203. 204. 205. 206. 207. 208. 209. CHORIPETALAE IQ Corolla irregular. Stamens 2, three-cleft (or 6, united in 2 bundles). Style simple. Embryo small. Herbs. Leaves dissected. 86. Papaveraceae. Stamens numerous. Style I. Corolla with imbricate or contorted aestivation. Leaves opposite. Shrubs or trees. Calopayllum, 149. Guttiferae. Stamens 1—10, rarely more, but then styles 3 or corolla with valvate nian ee calucin soserwo.t- x edurule slim - 202 Stamens as many as the petals, 4, opposite and adnate to them. Stigma 1. Calyx entire or toothed. Petals 4, valvate. Shrubs or trees. 55. Prrteaveae. Stamens as many as and alternate with the an or fewer or more numerous. Ex Ua, N ar re 20 Stigmas or stigma-lobes I—2. ae 2,4, or 6. Sale 4. Petals 4. Flowers hermaphrodite. Seeds with curved embryo. Herbs or under- shrubs, rarely shrubs... . . 2,90, = 88. "Grusilerae, Stigmas or stigma-lobes 3, rarely es: I, but then fertile stamens ros 5, or, more. ohrabs or. trees:* „N. a tie 12. SOA Flowers in axillary clusters, hermaphrodite. A en petals valvate in bud. Petals hooded. Stamens 8—10, with 4-celled anthers (or 16—20 united in pairs). Style and stigma simple. Hua, 144. Stereuliaceae. Flowers in panicles. Petals not hooded. Stamens neither with 4-celled anthers nor united in pairs. . . . « . . 127, Anacardiaceae. (192.) Leaves stipulate. Stamens 9-10. . . . . . - + + 206 Leaves exstipulate, rarely (Polygalaceae) stipulate, but then stamens Ste fag eR DE ETO tind, SHES OTT a AR RL GELS 207 Flowers irregular. Stamens more or less perigynous. Style simple. 105. Leguminosae. Flowers regular. Stamens hypogynous. Styles 3—4, free or partly united. Trees, shrubs, or undershrubs. Erythroxylon, 112. Erythroxylaceae. Flowers distinctly irregular, hermaphrodite. Stamens 8; filaments united ; anthers opening 2 a pore. Style 1. Shrubs or trees. Leaves undivided. 2 AR „202. Securidaca, 120. Polygalaceae. Flowers regular or nearly so, rarely distinctly irregular, but then unisexual or with Io stamens. Anthers opening by longitudinal slits. . . 208 Flowers unisexual. Stamens as many as and opposite the petals or more. Leaves simple or digitate. . . . 80. Menispermaceae. Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous, rarely (Anacardiaceae) unisexual, but then stamens alternating with the petals or leaves pinnate. . 209 Stamens distinctly perigynous, 4,8,or 10. Style simple ; stigma entire. Leaves undivided. Shrubs. . . . . . ~- 171. Thymelaeaceae. Stamens hypogynous or nearly so, rarely (A acardiaceae) distinctly perigynous, but then stigma lobed and leaves pinnate. . . . 210 210. 2II. 212. 213. 214. 27. 216. 319: 218. 219. 220. CHORIPETALAE Stamens as many as and opposite the petals, 4—5. Calyx little developed, entire or obscurely toothed. Shrubs. Leaves undivided. 57. Opiliaceae. Stamens as many as and alternate with the petals or more. Calyx dis- tirictly developed, : . wel. ; . .—— . Ovules erect or ascending. . . ee oe a Ovules pendulous, descending, or Hoeeaet oe . Disc outside the stamens, sometimes one-sided or broken up into several glands. Leaves alternate, compound, rarely simple and then stamens Peete ge eb ss ON ee RR ENG Se nn Disc or separate glands within or between the stamens or wanting, rarely outside the stamens, but then leaves simple and stamens 4—6. . . 277 Flowers hermaphrodite. Petals 5. Stamens 4—5. Ovary 4-celled. Seeds with abundant albumen ; embryo straight. Bersama, 135. Melianthaceae. Flowers unisexual or polygamous. Seeds without albumen; embryo more or less curved. Se a tee PTR fo AM Petals and stamens daypogynous. . . . . . . . . —— Petals and stamens more or less perigynous. Leaves simple, stipulate. MOR OE ECCS wg la a es Sepals 3. Petals 3 or 6. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, undivided, exstipulate,... .. aon a bobo bid ae haare ar no er tes ce penpals. 4,08 5,.tarely 2... Petals: 35.5... Ya er. ae Sepals valvate in bud. Stamens numerous. Anthers opening outwards. Ovary many-celled. Styles numerous. . . . . 81. Anonaceae, Sepals imbricate or open in bud. Stamens 3. Anthers opening laterally. Ovary 2—9-celled. Style 2—9-cleft. Flowers unisexual or polygam- ous. : ae Le ee ee ask ee pe 125. Empetraceae. Sepals Se ates in bud, 5. Petals with contorted aestivation. Filaments united. Stigmas several. Leaves simple, stipulate. . . . . 281 Sepals imbricate in bud, rarely valvate, but then only 2. Leaves exstipu- ie terre mr an Phere Pa tek ee Anthers I-celled. Fertile stamens numerous. Ovary 3- or more-celled. Deedsvalbuminous, Hi. «airs race deb). « AD. Me Anthers 2-celled. Fertile stamens 5, rarely more, but then ovary 2-cellea and iseeflsvexalbuminous:n ) ia «17%. cu bos sl. 144, Sterculiaceae. Stamens numerous. Leaves opposite, undivided. Shrubs or trees. 149. Guttiferae. Stamens 2—10. Stigmas I—2. Leaves alternate. . . . . . 283 . Leaves pinnate. Shrubs or trees. Stigma 1. 118. Meliaceae. Leaves simple. Herbs or undershrubs, rarely shrubs. Embryo RE EN PRO IT MS a? ee a nt ys lark ae 284. 285. 286. 288. 289. 290. 291. 292. 293. 294. 295. 296. CHORIPETALAE 27 Sepals 4. Petals 4. Stamens 2—6. Glands present between the sta- fens . LUE 4 BRINAE, N onc Ss. ‘Cruciferae, Sepals 5. Petals 3—5. Stamens 5—10, united at the base. Limeum, 72. Aizoaceae. (277.) Flowers irregular. Petals 4—5. Stamens 10—20. Ovary 2- celled. Style basal. Stigma I. . . Parinarium, 103. Rosaceae. Flowers regular. Petals 4—8. Stamens 4—8. Style terminal or nearly EHLERS Sire! nehtimern.. .° + 200 Petals, stamens, and carpels 8 each. . Dirachma, 107. Geraniaceae. Fetais ~4—5. "Stamens 4—5. -Carpels 2—5. ©.) =... 287 . Calyx with valvate aestivation. Stamens opposite the petals. Style 1, with a more or less deeply divided stigma, or several styles. 137. Rhamnaceae. Calyx with imbricate or open aestivation. Stamens alternate with the petals. Style 1, with an entire or lobed stigma. 129. Celastraceae. BER lers UWNISex idl: ote) bee ec Pee eee ip WEN Ae eG Miowers bermaphrodite or polygamous. . .- . 3 «+ 3 «203 Leaves simple. Ah ln BR RR) Ban yore ABA T EAST 6, Leaves compound. Shrubs or es iA blo union 2a ae RE BEE 0 Sepals 2—3, united below, valvate in bud. Petals 5, with contorted aestivation. Stamens numerous. Ovary 2-celled. Style wanting ; stigma lobed. Shrubs or trees. . . Carpodiptera, 141. Tiliaceae. Sepals, at least in the female flowers, 4—6, sometimes almost wholly united. ER en ee an Ovary slightly sunk in the N 2-celled. Styles 2. Stamens 5. Anthers opening by valves. Sepals and petals valvate in bud. Shrubs. Trichocladus, 101. Hamamelidaceae. Ovary wholly superior, usually 3-celled. Styles usually 3. Anthers Doenme.by lonsitudinal slits: . ...re au. te te fet, tame 202 Ovules straight. Stigmas sessile or nearly so. Stamens 10. Calyx- limb nearly entire. Fruit drupaceous. . Panda, 106. Pandaceae. Ovules inverted... 4. . . . . =. + . .. 122. Euphorbiaceae. Leaves stipulate. Ovary surrounded by scales. Fruit capsular. Spiny shrubs. ow ew we as 6 Neoluederitzia, 113. Zygophyllaceae. _ Leaves exstipulate. Fruit usually drupaceous. . 127. Anacardiaceae. 288.5 blowers: distinctly. irregular}: iirecibuw. const nme ae =, 295 lawersreculanomgicarlyses |. acoisrileica aunkakey Krug «298 Leaves compound. Receptacle expanded into a disc or elongated into a stalk. Filaments free. Trees or shrubs. . . 127. Anacardiaceae. Leaves simple, undivided. Receptacle small. . . . 330.1 06 Stamens 10. Shrubs or undershrubs. . . . . 119. "Malpighiaceae. BE cr ee a En nn Nae 28 297. 299. 300. 301. 302. 393. 304. 308. CHORIPETALAE Filaments free. Anthers opening by two longitudinal slits. Petals 5, perigynous. Style 1; stigmas 3. Climbing herbs. Tropaeolum, 109, Tropaeolaceae. Filaments united. Anthers opening by an apical pore. Petals hypogy- NOHS:. {5° Ws ' ; ; . . . 120. Polygalaceae. . (294.) Stamens as many as the ivi or PR or more numerous, but less LET MR for Rage (ie EO a © u ni 2. Stamens twice as many as the petals or in greater Ber rarely (Thy- melaeaceae) as many as the petals, but then 8—10. . . . . .« 305 Filaments all united below. Fertile and sterile stamens together as many as the petals, 4—6. Disc not distinctly developed. Leaves un- divided. Ba. ee «| Filaments free or es Mm Das. ee Stamens all fertile. Seeds albuminous. . . . . 110. Linaceae. Stamens partly sterile (2 fertile, 3 sterile). Seeds exalbuminous. Cottsia, 119. Malpighiaceae. Anthers opening by apical pores. Petals and stamens 5, slightly perigy- nous. Ovary 3-celled. Style simple; stigma 3-lobed. Seeds with abundant albumen. Undershrubs. Leaves rolled inwards when young, undivided, bearing glandular hairs. . . Roridula, 147. Ochnaceae, Anthers opening by longitudinal slits. Seeds with Clase albumen or WiLbombatiye se. X u. Stamens 6, rarely 2 or 4. Styler. Sepals 4. Petals 4. Embryo ‘nas Herbs or undershrubs, rarely shrubs. Leaves simple. 88. Cruciferae. Stamens 5, rarely 4, but then styles 4 and leaves pinnate. Shrubs or RECS. «eee EP OE he, hig 2 DI Flowers 4-merous. Disc within the stamens. Leaves pinnate. 116. Simarubaceae. Pipwers aemierous. UE ee ee Disc within the stamens. Ovary 3- or 5-celled. Styles or sessile stigmas Gi eaves simple, |!) 2ER, BG, 127. Anacardiaceae, Disc outside the stamens. Ovary 2-celled. Stylesimple. Leaves pinnate. Filicium, 134. Sapindaceae. . (298.) Filaments free. Shrubs or trees, rarely undershrubs. . . 306 Filaments united into a tube, at least at the base. . . „W312 . Disc present, more or less ring-, cushion-, or cup-shaped. . . . 307 Disc wanting. Leaves undivided:ciuijiin vy! ati eo ae . Flowers polygamous, 4—5-merous. Leaves compound, exstipulate. 127. Anacardiaceae. Flowers hermaphrodite, rarely polygamous, but then 3-merous. . . 308 Leaves with glandular dots, compound, exstipulate. Ovary 3—5-celled. Bevieseiinpiciy «(eis 2: Ah 2a le eaves witnout dots, 40. ...i. a ve =e a 25) Gio eee eee 309. 310. STE. 313, 313. 314. 315. 316. 317: 318. 319. =< CHORIPETALAE 29 Leaves stipulate, pinnate with I—2 pairs of leaflets, more rarely simple and undivided, and then stigma 3-parted. Ovary 3—5-celled. Style simple: picts.) . . 2.113. Zygophyllaceae, Leaves rarely ee Bak bien aie ade and stigma entire or 2-lobed. 116. Simarubaceae. Sepals united into a minute, entire or toothed calyx. Petals 4—6, valvate in bud. Ovary 3—4-celled. Seeds with abundant albumen. 59. Olacaceae. Sepals free or united at the base only. Seeds without albumen. . . 311 Petals 5, imbricate in bud. Ovary 2—3-celled. 119. Malpighiaceae. Petals 8 —5, scale-like, valvate in bud. Sepals free, petaloid. Ovary 4—5-celled. . . . . . . Octolepis, 171. Thymelaeaceae. (305.) Stamens numerous, Anthers opening by one slit. Calyx with valvate aestivation. Seeds with curved embryo. Leaves simple, Bumukiter,. es 5 ww aA Malvaceae, Stamens twice as many as ee N 6—12, rarely (Malpighiaceae) a few more (II—15). Anthers opening by two slits. Calyx with imbricate STEM CS EVOL [Yaniil) MS Me NONE. NED ZT Style 1, undivided with a single stigma or with two or more stigmas contiguous at the base. . . N om aged Styles 2—5, free or more or we. eee pith I pa (not contiguous) SEeiidos a Stamens.-10,, Farely LIE I. 5, toy aust Woe se 36 Leaves compound, exstipulate. Seeds without albumen. 118. Meliaceae. Bee simple, undivided. © stamens, IO. 5's, .s0 leo ee we ot BTS Ovary 5-celled. Disc present. Seeds albuminous. Trees. Leaves ex- smipnulate.: .., . yee Saccoglottis, 111. Humiriaceae. Ovary 2—3-celled. oe Pentti Shrubs or undershrubs. . . 316 Seeds albuminous. Flowers in axillary fascicles. Leaves alternate, SRIpUAtes 4's the . . . Nectaropetalum, 110. Linaceae. Seeds exalbuminous. Flowers 4 in racemose inflorescences, rarely solitary. Sepals usually with glands on the outside. 119. Malpighiaceae. Styles and ovary-cells 5. Herbs or undershrubs, rarely shrubs. ae 108. Oxalidaceae. Styles and ovary-cells 2—4. Trees or shrubs, rarely undershrubs. Leaves EPIC Oot e SE PR STIER, EEO” YO fe et OTS Flowers solitary or in fascicles. Petals with a scale on the inside. Styles or style-branches 3—4. Fruit a drupe. Seeds usually albuminous. Leaves alternate, stipulate. . . Erythroxylon, 112. Erythroxylaceae. Flowers in racemose inflorescences. Sepals usually with glands on the outside. Styles or style-branches 2—3. Seeds exalbuminous. 119. Malpighiaceae. Ba -Onules2iin each ovary-céllii-.. ii. PY. aa). 320 BIRIGE 316: more in each ovary-cell) oy. ee + 389 30 320. 324. 329. 330. S31. 332. CHORIPETALAE Style 1, undivided, or 2 or more styles united to the base of the stigmas, or I sessile stigma. . . aide. boi » ole Dein Styles 2 or more, free or united Beis: but not up to the fos of the stigmas, or 2 or more free sessile stigmas. . . 2 Ups syle Uo" So . Stamens as many as or fewer than the IE a Stamens’ more: than the-petals.' .' i) 2%, 720 IP) JE Zee . Stamens as many as and opposite to the petals. . . . . . . 323 Stamens as many as and alternate with the petals, or fewer. . . . 325 3. Stamens 10. Ovary Io-celled. Herbs. Leaves opposite. Augea, 113. Zygophyllaceae. Stamens 3—7. Leaves alternate. . . oe ew | Petals with valvate aestivation. Filaments free: Ovary 2-celled. Fruit oj 29 8 uae er oe : . . . 138. Witaceae. Petals with imbricate- Boeri aestivation. Filaments more or less united. Ovary 3-ormore-celled. Fruit acapsule. 144. Sterculiaceae. BS. Slames 2M. eg) a a te ee oe Stamens 5. . Sek, oo RNS Sal... gen . Sepals 2—4. Petals Ge Sepals 5. Petals 2—5. . . 2 2 . Leaves marked with glandular eis at Dr at ih edges. Stipules wanting. . . ee Ve Leaves without ler core Se we ne pe rr . Leaves simple, undivided. Flowers hermaphrodite. Disc cushion- shaped. Stigmas 3. Fruit separating into 3 drupe-like, 2-celled meri- carps. Seeds with curved embryo. Chamaelea, 114. Cneoraceae. Leaves compound, more rarely simple, but then fruit not drupe-like. 115. Rutaceae. Leaves stipulate. Ovules usually erect. Corolla imbricate in bud. SPURS OT INECS. ee ee nn Leaves exstipulate. Ovules usually pendulous. Ovary 2-celled or transversally septate. Flowers hermaphrodite. a ise present, ...... 0. - . . . . 129, Celastraceae. Disc wanting. Flowers a Ovary 2-celled. Azima, 131. Salvadoraceae. Leaves opposite. Petals valvate in bud. Receptacle without glands. Shrubs or trees. . . . . . 197, Oleaceae. Leaves alternate. Petals ee in Bia. Receptacle provided with glands. Herbs or undershrubs, rarely shrubs. . . 88. Cruciferae. (326.) Anthers opening outwards. Stamens 3. Disc present. Ovary 3-celled. Seeds exalbuminous. . . . . . 180. Hippocrateaceae. Anthers opening inwards. Disc reduced to separate glands or wholly wanting. Ovary 5-celled. Stigmas 5. Seeds albuminous. 107. Geraniaceae. 333: 334- 335- 336. 337: 338. 339- 340. 341. 342. 343. 344. 345. 346. CHORIPETALAE 31 825.) Pilaments united, atleast,atıthe base... ..... .. + . 334 Filaments free. . ai, cet T pre teal eet Trae 3 Filaments united nearly to the apex. Petals with valvate aestivation. Stigma I. Leaves pinnate, exstipulate. Quivistanthe, 118. Meliaceae. Filaments united only at the base. Petals with imbricate or contorted aestivation. Leaves stipulate. i Wee 335 Petals with contorted aestivation. Stigma I. Seeds with an aril. Shrubs. Leaves undivided. . . . Phyllocosmus, 110. Linaceae. Petals with imbricate aestivation. Stigmas 5. Seeds without an aril. 107. Geraniaceae. Leaves gland-dotted, exstipulate, but sometimes with axillary spines. 115. Rutaceae. Leaves not dotted, simple, stipulate. Dl We Sit) Brite. 937 Calyx with valvate aestivation. . . . Triumfetta, 141. Tiliaceae. iaivecomith: imbricate “or/openiaestivationy 950 01)... smuiie. 338 Calyx large. Ovules pendulous. Seeds exalbuminous. Leaves alternate. Dichapetalum, 121. Dichapetalaceae: Calyx small. Ovules erect, more rarely pendulous, but then leaves opposite, at least those of the flowering branches. 129. Celastraceae. (321.) Stamens fewer than twice as many as the petals, 5—8. . . 340 Stamens twice as many as the petals, or more. . =. .. 04.343 Flowers unisexual or polygamous. Disc outside the stamens. Stamens 8, rarely 5—6; in the latter case ovary 3-celled. Ovules ascending, at least one of them, or horizontal. Shrubs or trees. . . . . 341 Flowers hermaphrodite. Stamens 5—7. Ovary 2- or 5-celled or trans- versally septate. Herbs or undershrubs, rarely shrubs. . .. . 342 Ovary 2-celled. Leaves opposite, lobed. Acer, 133. Aceraceae. Ovary 3-celled. Leaves alternate, pinnate. . . . 134. Sapindaceae. Sepals 4. Petals4. Stamens 6. Ovary 2-celled or transversally septate. Stigmas I—2. Leavesexstipulate. . . . . . 88. Cruciferae. Sepals 5. Ovary 5-celled. Stigmas 5. Leaves stipulate. 107. Geraniaceae. (539), Stamens twice as,many- as the,petals. : ......«, = 344 Stamens more than twice as many as the petals. . . . .....359 Bern ti) a Laide ea kissctite ueeuases 13 345 Filaments evidently united, at least at the base. . . . 2... 354 Mae wall valvate Bestivation; jj 7 chris - ialuanen excuse, - 346 Buy: with,imbricate. aestivation, 9:5 issues ota mem | » B49 Leaves gland-dotted, without stipules, but sometimes with axillary spines. 115. Rutaceae. Leaves not gland-dotted, usually with stipules. . . . . - - 347 32 347. 348. 349- 350. 351. 352. 353: 354- 355: 356. 357: 358. CHORIPETALAE Leaves opposite or whorled, undivided, stipulate. Petals valvate in bud. Stamens perigynous. Shrubs or trees. . . 177. Rhizophoraceae. Reaves | Bark resinous. Leaves rarely dotted. Ovules BER dk or ee attached. Fruit Te -like, but sometimes dehiscing. Seeds exal- buminous. . . . . . 117. Burseraceae. Bark not resinous. “eaves mane ee Ovules usually ascending. 115. Rutaceae. (344.) Sepals valvate in bud, united below. Leaves stipulate. . . 355 Popalsuimbricate in bud. '. 0. yt... te ee Leaves opposite or AR Petals toothed or slit, valvate in buat 177. Rhizophoraceae,. Leaves alternate. Petals nearly always imbricate in bud. 144. Sterculiaceae. Stigmas 5. Ovary lobed. Sepals and petals imbricate in bud. Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves simple, stipulate. . . 107. Geraniaceae. Stigmas I—3. Shrubsortrees. . . : RNIT Leaves stipulate, undivided. Petals with igetdepocin aestivation. Disc wanting, . . . k 182,8 . . » 110. Linaceae, Leaves exstipulate. ana T, ar or lobed. i Lie RRO? SR Leaves simple, undivided. Ovary 3-celled. Disc wanting. Asteropeia, 148. Theaceae. Leaves compound, more rarely simple, but then ovary 4—20-celled. Disc usually present. . . . . . . . . . 118, Meliaeeae. 359. 360. 361. 362. 363. 364. 365. 366. 367. 368. 369. 370. 371. 372. 373. 374- 375. CHORIPETALAE 33 (343.) Petals with valvate aestivation. Trees or shrubs. . . . 360 Petals with imbricate or contorted aestivation. . . Doan) ae Sepals free. Petals and stamens hypogynous. Addons: opening by an a@picalepore. . . . . . Elaeocarpus, 139. Elaeocarpaceae. Sepals united below. Betas and stamens more or less perigynous. An- thers opening by two longitudinal slits. . . iSO Calyx entire or nearly so. Leaves-alternate. . 145. Scytopetalaceae. Calyx more or less deeply divided. Leaves opposite or whorled. 177. Rhizophoraceae. em znuth walvate destivauion. 2 disp, fs) aha eo Calyx with imbricate aestivation. . . thy cat SSB Leaves exstipulate, undivided, opposite. ee EEE or hori- zontal. Seeds exalbuminous. . . . . . . 149. Guttiferae. Leaves stipulate. Petals5. . . Milan ee Filaments free. Anthers opening by two a 2. aks AT Tillaceae: mente ewucitiy unwed: ee IT . 305 Binthers opening bya single slit, . ... 2. wt. 142. Malvaceae. Anthers opening by two slits. Stigmas 3 or 5. Dombeya, 144. Stereuliaceae. Stem herbaceous: or woody at the base. 2. 0:02) W720, ..367 Stem woody throughout. Leaves undivided. . . . Vrgvi) 308 Sepals and petals with contorted aestivation. Ovary 3- elle Stigmas I—3. Fruit opening loculicidally. Leaves entire. 154. Cistaceae. Sepals and petals with imbricate aestivation. Stamens I5. Ovary 5- celled. Stigmas 5. Fruit opening septicidally. Leaves stipulate. 107. Geraniaceae. US als i merasi ears: | eset 1.309 Leaves exstipulate.... . . en schiuela cw O70 Sepals 3, surrounded by a 3—5- Hocker et Disc cup-shaped. Peiiiag@enmiscent. . '.. oa. Sarcochlaena, 140. Chlaenaceae. Sepals 5. Disc wanting. Fruit indehiscent. 150. Dipterocarpaceae. Leaves alternate. Ovules pendulous. . . . . . 148. Theaceae. Leaves opposite. Ovules ascending or horizontal. 149. Guttiferae. (320.) Stamens as many to twice as many as petals, 4—I2. . . . 372 Stamens more than twice as many as petals. . . . . . . + 382 Braments iree. : . . REP ee te fi Filaments obviously natiad. at aise at ‘ae N, BE OE 7 Stipules present, but sometimes very small and backtdlbes: reat a4 Stipules wanting, but axillary spines sometimes present. . . . 376 Leaves opposite or whorled. Flowers hermaphrodite. Stamens 8—1Io. 98. Cunoniaceae. Leaves alternate. . . Au bP era), BU Style 1, 2—3-cleft, with nee ided Beanie Stamens 5. Disc present. Sepals imbricate in bud. Petals usually 2-cleft. Fruit a drupe or nut. Seeds exalbuminous. . . . Dichapetalum, 121. Diehapetalaceae. c 34 376. 377: 378. 379. 380. 381. 382. 384. 385. CHORIPETALAE Styles 2, 3, or 5, free or united at the base, usually 2-cleft. Flowers unisexual. Fruit usuallya capsule. . . . 122. Euphorbiaceae. Leaves with glandular dots. Petals 4—5. Stamens as many or twice as many. Be en te. os oN, Leaves without glandular dots, lobed, opposite. Petals 5. Stamens 8, inserted at the inner edge of the disc. Ovary-cells and style-branches 2. Acer, 133. Aceraceae. Flowers unisexual. Stamens as many as and alternate with the petals. Leaves alternate, undivided, stipulate. Hr 122. Euphorbiaceae. Flowers hermaphrodite, rarely polygamous. . . : Ba. Sepals valvate in bud, united below. Leaves AM se 144. Sterculiaceae. Sepals imbricate in bud. . . . 3 i) a ee A Petals with a callosity or scale on the wide, Ovary-cells and styles or style-branches 3—4. Stamens 10. Flowers solitary or in fascicles. Leaves undivided, stipulate. Shrubs or trees. 112. Erythroxylaceae. Petals without an appendage on the inside. Ovary-cells and styles or style-branches 5, more rarely 3—4, but then stamens 4—5 or flowers imwacemes Or panicles. 2... stp iss) N 4) vel pet Ovary lobed, 5-celled. Styles 5. Stamens 10. Fruit a capsule. Herbs or undershrubs, rarely shrubs. Leaves alternate, usually compound. 108. Oxalidaceae. Ovary entire. Stamens 4—5 or 10; in the latter case styles 3 or fruit Bu idmupe:! Leaves simple; undivided. > (s20'% 7 77a Ovary-cells and styles or style-branches 3. Stamens Io. Flowers in panicles. Leaves alternate, exstipulate. Small trees or climbing shrubs. Pts ans VS eke ae Asteropeia, 148. Theaceae. Ovary-cells and styles or style-branches 5, rarely 3—4, but then stamens 4—5 or flowers in cone-like racemes. . . . . . 110. Linaceae. (272,) Leaves Stipulate, alternate. . .,. „u . «+. Peereserstipilate. yf sl ay cat Sl eet | | rn . Calyx imbricate in bud, 4-partite. Stamens 10. Filaments free or united at the base. Anthers turned outwards, 2-celled. Flowers mmgestial. “ .. 2:0 ee i ed 3 re Anthers t-celled (one half only developed). Filaments united. Seeds albuminous ; embryocurved. . . . . . . . 142. Malvaceae. Anthers 2-celled (both halves developed, but sometimes finally con- fluent). ee eg Ge ahs a Ne) i nnn a Filaments united at the base or wishes up. Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous. . . j bibs 144. Sterculiaceae. Filaments free or united a the Baer in ies latter case flowers unisexual. 141. Tiliaceae. 386. 387. 388. 389. 390. 391. 392. 393- 394. 395- 396. 397: CHORIPETALAE 35 Leaves opposite, undivided. Ovules ascending or horizontal. Seeds ee an hee 1498 Gnttiferac: Leaves alternate: us... WEE ten cs 387 Sepals 2. Petals 4—5, Mardis in pid de ments free. Anthers 2- celled. Disc cup-shaped. Ovary 2-celled. Ovules ascending. Style Es two-cleit. ı.;-aur;. au Talinella, 73. Portulacaceae. Sepals 5. Disc wanting. are 3—5-celled. Ovules pendulous. Styles error united. atthe base... "0.1.2 ye er ee ee 388 Flowers unisexual, in glomerules. Petals in the male flowers 3, valvate mm bud. Anthers 4-celled. . ..,. Junodia, 122. Euphorbiaceae. Flowers hermaphrodite, in panicles. Petals 5, imbricate in bud. Anthers Beleus . !.. . N oa ge 6 RE, ENERCEAR, (319.) Style 1, dran with a ir stigma or with two or more stig- mas contiguous at the base, or one sessile stigma. . . . . . 390 Styles 2 or more, free or united below, but not to the base of the stigmas, Bons morestreessessile sieması J, -. 6.6 u nt 2430 Stamens fewer than twice as many asthe petals. . . ... . . 301 Seammensiwice as.many as the petalsormore. . . . ..: + = 404 Peewee: Stamens DYDOogynous, nase oe Vt ce a 547302 Petals, and usually also the stamens, more or less perigynous. Leaves undivided. 3 a EEE RER GER we els BOO Stamens 7—9, free. Sepals 3 or 5, petals 5, both with contorted aestivation. Flowers regular. Leaves entire. . . 154. Cistaceae. a ee De a tee see ET oe ls arten Was Pate hey « SOG Ovary 2-celled. Stamens 6, rarely 2 or 4. Sepals 4, petals 4. Recep- tacle with glands. Leaves simple, without stipules, but often with auricles at the base. he: Kurses u 988. , Griciferae. Ovary 3- or more-celled. alllens ia N A eect bd hen yaaa manera 07.) Sepals valvate in bud, united below. Filaments Fame, united. Disc wanting. Leaves stipulate. . . a ar me ax: 2 5 Sepals imbricate or open in bud, free or ae so, Een evidently united, but then leaves Ra Filaments free; anthers sometimes Peet | po AF ates BONE ITIE Be. OR VME INN ER SG Anthers opening by I slit. Leaves palmately compound. Trees. Ceiba, 143. Bombacaceae. Anthers opening by 2 slits or pores. Leaves simple. 144, Stereuliaceae. Anthers united, opening at the apex. Stamens 5. Disc wanting. Petals 3 or 5. Sepals 3 or 5, one of them spurred. Herbs. Leaves undivided, exstipulate. . . Impatiens, 136. Balsaminaceae. Buliersäfree, opening lengthwise. 1.2 wo wails salva.) - 397 Flowers irregular. Stamens usually fewer than the petals. Disc present. Ovary 4—5-celled. Albumen abundant. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, pinnate. . . . . . Melianthus, 135. Melianthaceae. 36 398. 399. 400. 401. 402. 403. 404. 405. 406. 407. 408. CHORIPETALAE Flowers regular. Stamens as many as the petals. Albumen scanty or mentees SS ee i eee lw) le RO Disc present. Leaves stipulate, usually opposite or compound. 113. Zygophyllaceae. Disc wanting. Staminodes in bundles alternating with the fertile stamens. Sepals united below. Leaves exstipulate, alternate, undivided. Thomassetia, 148. Theaceae. (391.) Calyx with valvate aestivation. Seeds exalbuminous ; embryo SUROIPE. es .; . . . . 478, Lyihrasese: Calyx with imbricate or open N i ety es rn Stem herbaceous. Leaves without glandular dots, exstipulate. Sepals 4. Petals 4. Stamens 6. Ovary 2-celled. Subularia, 88. Cruciferae. Stem woody. Stamens 3—5, very rarely 6—8, but then sepals 5 and Betas ee wan et ke ee wo age, A ee eae Leaves with glandular dots, alternate, exstipulate. Stamens 5—8. Ovary 2—3-celled. Seeds exalbuminous. Heteropyxis, 180. Myrtaceae. Leaves without glandular dots. Stamens 3—5. Ovary 3—7-celled. 402 Leaves opposite, rarely alternate and then, as usually, stamens 3. Stamens inserted upon the disc. Filaments dilated. Ovary 3-celled. Seeds. exalbuminous. 2 . . . 180.- Hippocrateaceae. Leaves alternate. Bun: 4—5, Sees below the edge of the disc. Seeds albuminous. . . er Leaves stipulate. a 3—5- celled: Fruit a peers Seeds with an aril. ee . . . 129. Celastraceae. Leaves exstipulate. Ovary 5—7- elle Fruit a drupe. Seeds without an aril. PuLern = OF 2 ee Brexia, 96. Saxifragaceae. (390.) Stamens twice as many as the petals... . .: « «» 9) Stamens more than twice as many as the petals. . . . . . « 416 Petals and stamens hypogynous. . . ii de, EEE Petals, and usually also the stamens, perigynous. Leaves undivided. 413 Filaments united in a tube, at least at the base. . . AO Filaments free, rarely (Rutaceae) united in several Bunde . | apes Sepals valvate in bud, very rarely at first imbricate ; in this case many ovules in each ovary-cell and leaves undivided. Disc wanting. Leaves stipulate. 00. wot we 9. os oo. (44 Stereniiggaga Sepals imbricate in Ome Ovules few in each ovary-cell, rarely many, but then leaves pinnate.. Disc usually distinctly developed. Leaves exstipulate. Shrubs or trees.) „on. 1. v0). “Bs aMfeliaceaee Ovary distinctly stalked, entire. Seeds exalbuminous ; embryo curved. 87. Capparidaceae. Ovary ssessilehor nearlyiso:. 6 2... 7a ce Se a 409. 410. 4II. 412. 413. 414. 415. 416. 417. 418. 410. 420. 421. 422, CHORIPETALAE 37 Calyx with valvate aestivation. Disc wanting. Leaves stipulate. 141. Tiliaceae. Calyx with imbricate, contorted, or open aestivation. . . . . . 410 Calyx with contorted aestivation. Disc wanting. Leaves undivided. Seeds albuminous ; embryo curved. . . . . . 154, Cistaceae. Calyx with imbricate, not contorted, or with open aestivation. Disc Eine eushion-, orcup-shapeds ii! ZU a Pee. er. 4a Disc outside the stamens. Flowers usually irregular. Seeds with a copious albumen and straight embryo. Shrubs or trees. ; 135. Melianthaceae. lise witnin the stamens.’ Flowers’ regular. 82 OU 42 Leaves with translucent dots, exstipulate. . . . 115. Rutaceae. Leaves without dots, stipulate. . . . . . 118. Zygophyllaceae. (405.) Anthers opening by 1—2 apical pores. Leaves opposite or whorled, exstipulate.. . . Ft 181. Melastomataceae. Anthers opening by 2 Korkeaeüctihat slits. Erin ale ARTE Calyx with valvate äestivation.‘ . . . „ . .. .173 .Lyihraceae, Calyx with imbricate aestivation. Stamens 10. Ovary 3-celled. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, exstipulate. . . : a 2 5 ALG Flowers polygamous, without bracteoles. Calyx age take ne free. Anthers attached by the base. Fruit indehiscent. Leaves with Hanslücent dots. - '., '. B Psiloxylon, 180. Myrtaceae. Flowers hermaphrodite. Ei adasıy divided. Anthers attached by the back. Fruit dehiscing loculicidally. Leaves without dots. Asteropeia, 148. Theaceae. Petje cialis, and stamens hypogynous. . „0. 27... =. 417 Petals, and usually also the stamens, perigynous. . . . . . 433 Stipules present, but sometimes minute and caducous. . . . . 418 Stipules wanting, but axillary spines sometimes present. . . . . 428 Calyx with valvate, closed, or open aestivation. . . . . . « 419 Calyx with imbricate or contorted aestivation. . . . 2... « 425 Corolla with valvate aestivation. . . A SN ee ar AZU Corolla with imbricate or contorted aration. ae . 421 Petals toothed or laciniate. Anthers opening by a ee Bare or slit Sr the apex. Trees. Leaves undivided. Elaeocarpus, 139. Elaeocarpaceae. Petals entire or emarginate. Anthers opening by 2 pores or slits. 141. Tiliaceae. Ovary distinctly stalked. Stigma usually sessile. Petals with im- bricate, not contorted aestivation. Seeds exalbuminous. 87. Capparidaceae. Ovary sessile or nearly so. Petals usually with contorted aestivation. 422 Anthers I-celled, opening by I slit or pore. Filaments united. Petals Anthers 2-celled, opening by 2, rarely confluent slits or pores. . . 424 38 423. 424. 425. 420. 427. 428. 429. 430. 431. 432. 433. 434. CHORIPETALAE Leaves simple. Flowers with an epicalyx. Filaments united to the apex ornearly so. Pollen-grainsspiny. . . . . . . 142. Malvaceae, Leaves palmately compound. Flowers without an epicalyx. Filaments united below. Pollen-grains smooth or nearly so. Trees. 143. Bombacaceae, Filaments more or less united. Staminodes present. 144. Stereuliaceae, Filaments free, rarely el united at the base, but then staminodes absent. sh . 141. Tiliaceae. (418.) Calyx and clint ay ance ein Petals 5—6. Ovary sessile or nearly so. Seeds albuminous. Leaves undivided. 426 Calyx and corolla with imbricate, not contorted aestivation. . . 427 Disc present. Ovulesinverted. . . . . . . 140. Chlaenaceae. Disc absent. Ovules usually straight. . . . . . 154 Cistaceae. Ovary sessile, 2—3-celled. Style awl-shaped. Ovules ascending. Seeds with copious albumen. Flowers regular. Leaves undivided. Sphaerosepalum, 156. Cochlospermaceae, Ovary stalked. Seeds without albumen. . .. . 87. Capparidaceae. (417.) Leaves all radical, floating, peltate. Petals numerous. Ovary 6- or more-celled. Stigmasessile. Seeds albuminous ; embryo straight. Nuphar, 76. Nymphaeaceae. Leaves cauline and radical or all cauline, not floating. Petals 4—5. 429 Leaves opposite. Calyx with valvate, open, or imbricate, not contorted aestivation. Filaments usually united in several bundles. Seeds exalbuminous. : . . . 149. Guttiferae. Leaves alternate, more are (Ciena EN but then calyx and corolla with contorted aestivation, filaments free, and seeds albumin- ae omar a ee MEET Me a he Leaves compound, with 1—3 leaflets, translucently dotted. Sepals united below. Ovary sessile, 5- or more-celled. Seeds exalbuminous. 115. Rutaceae. Leaves simple, undivided, not dotted, rarely digitate or dotted, but then ovary stalked. Feed Ses alg. pelt a her Al = plac Ovary stalked. Sins eine sessile. Disc usually present. Seeds exalbuminous. : . . . 87. Capparidaceae. Ovary sessile. Disc a ee RER an Flowers regular. . 432 Sepals and petals with contorted aestivation. Ovules usually straight. Seeds albuminous. . . . . . 154. Cistaceae. Sepals and petals 5, with cues en Be aestivation. Ovules inverted or incurved. Trees or shrubs. . . . . 148. Theaceae. (416.) Calyx with valvate, closed, or open aestivation. . . . . 434 Calyx with imbricate or contorted aestivation. Leaves undivided. 438 Corolla with valvate, calyx with open aestivation. Ovary 3—8-celled. Seeds albuminous. Leaves alternate, undivided. Trees or shrubs. 145. Scytopetalaceae. 435. 436. 437. 438. 439. 440. 441. 442. 443. 444. CHORIPETALAE 39 Corolla with imbricate or open aestivation ; in the latter case calyx val- vate. Seeds exalbuminous, rarely with scanty albumen, but then leaves disitateih) ı,. \% a = Die 4.1.4498 Anthers opening By a ER slit Filaments united. Ovary 5—10- celled, slightly sunk in the receptacle. Petals 5, with contorted aestiva- tion. Seeds albuminous. Leaves digitate, stipulate. Trees. 143. Bombacaceae. Anthers opening by 2 slits. Seeds exalbuminous. Leaves undivided, rarely digitate, but then ovary stalked and 2-celled. . . . . 436 Ovary stalked, 2-celled. Embryo curved. Leaves alternate. 87. Capparidaceae. Ovary sessile. Embryo straight. Leaves undivided, Ra oppo- ee nea .wicton atid. Bunde Schal ace . 437 Ovary 2—6-celled. . . . . tihissrrts “473, BE htaccae) Ovary 10—20-celled. Ovules ee: upon the dissepiments. Petals linear. Trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite, exstipulate. Sonneratia, 174. Sonneratiaceae. Calyx and corolla with contorted aestivation. Petals 5—6. Disc pre- sent. Ovary 3-celled. Style present. Trees or shrubs. Leaves alter- nate, not peltate. ee . . . 140. Chlaenaceae. Calyx and corolla with ee ke contorted aestivation. Petals numerous. Disc wanting. Ovary 6- or more-celled. Style wanting. Herbs. Leaves all radical, floating, peltate. Nymphaea, 76. Nymphaeaceae. (389.) Stamens as many or twice as many as the petals, 3—10. . . 440 SFAmens DIMELOUS, iu 2.00 ew LE ELDER 775° Petals and stamens perigynous or inserted at ne ts of an hypogynous disc. Stamens 8 or Io. Styles free. Seeds albuminous. . . 441 Petals and stamens hypogynous. Disc wanting. . . . . . 442 Stem herbaceous. Leaves usually radical or alternate and exstipulate. Placentas thick jap os, » . . . Saxifraga, 96. Saxifragaceae. Stem woody. Leaves a pdbite or whorled, stipulate. Ovules in two rows. 98. Cunoniaceae. Leaves opposite or whorled, undivided, stipulate. Filaments free. Styles free. Seeds exalbuminous. Herbs or undershrubs. 151. Elatinaceae. Leaves alternate or all radical. . : . ana ne: AS Sepals united below, valvate in bud. rel siatiiase, 144, Sterculiaceae. Sepals free or nearly so, imbricate in bud. . . . . . . . « 444 Ovary-cells and styles 5. Petals with contorted aestivation. Seeds albuminous. . . . . . 108. Oxalidaceae. Ovary-cells and oe, or Atel: See 3; «eStamens)10./, ‘Trees: or Be heaves undivided. .... lofwss. or more-celled, at least a the time of flowering (sometimes incompletely septate in the bud). 604 NT aS i ae re eh PR = EERSTE eer am Sn nT Age Te 5 >50 SYMPETALAE 555. Ovule erect or ascending. . . . A OL er Ovule pendulous or descending. Style he. as ee 556. Style 1, entire or cleft at the top into 2 or more stigmas (or branches stigmatose on the inside). . . . eee? Styles 3—5, free or united at the base. STEUER 5, Said a: petals. 563 557. Stamens free from the corolla or inserted on its base. . . . . 558 Stamens inserted on the upper part or near the middle of the corolla. 561 558. Corolla (or corolla-like sites with valvate or folded aestivation. Leaves exstipulate. . . : . . . . 69. Nyetaginaceae. Corolla with imbricate or open acctibeediohs in the latter case leaves stipulate. Stamens as many as the divisions of the corolla. . . 559, 559. Flowers 5-merous. Stigmas 3. Herbs. Leaves opposite, stipulate. Cometes, 75. Caryophyllaceae. Flowers 4-merous. Stigma I. . . rast os «loa eee 560. Flowers unisexual, solitary or in fascicles. Seeds albuminous. Herbs. Leaves all radical, exstipulate. N Litorella, 218. Plantaginaceae. - "Flowers hermaphrodite, in racemes or panicles. Seeds exalbuminous. Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite, stipulate. Salvadora, 131. Salvadoraceae. 561. Stamens fewer than the divisions of the corolla, 4. Leaves whorled. Shrubs. a: . . . 205. Verbenaceae. Stamens as many as ‘hs EN of fig ss BD : 562 562. Stamens alternating with the divisions of the corolla (or the ‘petaiga staminodes). Seeds albuminous. . . . . . 68. Amarantaceae. Stamens opposite the divisions of the corolla (or petaloid perianth), 4. Stigma I. Seeds exalbuminous. Leaves alternate. Shrubs or trees. 55. Proteaceae. 563. (556.) Sepals 2. Anthers turned outwards. Styles 3. Seeds with curved embryo; ,. . ~ «5,2, rd ass Sepals 5. Anthers turned he Styles 5. Seeds with straight embryo, 3, . . . . 192. Plumbaginaceae. 564. Petals in the male ders ie Aneed below, in the female I—2, free. Sepals in the male flowers 4, in the female 1—2. Stamens 4—10, with united filaments. . . . . . . 80. Menispermaceae. Petals united below in the Ronee As both sexes, or flowers hermaph- rodite. ane . . ae 565. Stamens fewer ian ihe a of er or RN 4. Anthers opening by a transverse slit. Flowers 5-merous, irregular. Seeds albuimitious. °.. . : ee Stamens as many as or more tien the atlas of Re corolla, renal (Ericaceae) fewer, but then only 3. . . Seay 566. Ovary 1-celled from the beginning. Stigma 2- acted ‘yaa aati and then corolla-lobes very unequal. . . . . 215. Globulariaceae. Ovary originally 2-celled, one cell becoming rudimentary. Stigma entire. Corolla-lobes almost equal. . . . Microdon, 208. Serophulariaceae. 567. 568. 569. 570. 571. 572. 573: 574. 575: 576. SYMPETALAE 51 Stamens as many as and opposite the divisions of the corolla (or corolla- like perianth), 4, inserted on the upper part or near the middle of the ‘corolla. Corolla valvate in bud. Seeds exalbuminous. 55. Proteaceae. Stamens as many as and alternate with the divisions of the corolla, or fewer or more numerous, inserted on the base of the corolla or free from Stamens Io, perigynous. Anthers opening by two longitudinal ofits. Flowers regulaf. . . . .'. . «. . :. > £71. Thymelaeaceae. Stamens 3—8, hypogynous. . . 440.569 Flowers regular. Sepals 3—4. Corolla- tobi 3-4. rare opening by two pores or slits. Seeds albuminous.. . . . . 189. Ericaceae. Flowers irregular. Sepals 5. Corolla-lobes 3 or 5. Stamens 8. Anthers opening by a single pore or slit. Seeds exalbuminous. Securidaca, 120. Polygalaceae. SRA Me TSF SOR Re NS DE eae Ovules 3 or more. SANE Ny URAN EST BT FIN PURE elle, 578 Stamens 4, fewer than the divisions of the seedltlé Flowers irregular. Deaves'opposite. . . . . pi. 72 Stamens 3 or more, as many as or more uk Hie rin of tie solle: 573 Anthers opening by pores. Fruitadrupe. Seeds exalbuminous. Climbing shrubs. Flowers in clusters. . Afromendoncia, 216. Acanthaceae. Anthers opening by longitudinal slits. Stigmas 2. Fruit a capsule or nut. Seeds albuminous. Prostrate herbs. Flowers solitary. Linariopsis, 210. Pedaliaceae. Stamens as many as the divisions of the corolla, 4—5. Leaves simple, entire toothed ‘or lobed. - Flowers regular. . . sv 2. 594 Stamens more than the divisions of the corolla, rarely the same number, but then, as usually, leaves compound. . . . . . . . . 576 Stamens opposite to the divisions of the corolla. Calyx with valvate, corolla with contorted aestivation. Ovules ascending. Leaves stipu- Tameroac-} .” . . . Waltheria, 144. Stereuliaceae. Stamens alegnnditing: seb he divisions of the corolla. Leaves exstipu- late. a ae a ; Peete Gest hs ee, Ovules erect. Style 2-parted, rable he ia ibn herbs. Calyx with imbricate, corolla with valvate or folded aestivation. 202. Convolvulaceae. Ovules pendulous. Style simple or wanting. Shrubs or trees. 132. Icacinaceae. Stamens more than the divisions of the corolla, but fewer than twice as many, 4—7, usually 6. Anthers opening by pores. Corolla 4-lobed. Leves whorled, undivided, linear. . . . Salaxis, 189. Ericaceae. Stamens as many or twice as many as the divisions of the corolla, or more. Leaves alternate. Sad STE? ee Ren et ite ag Pe ae ae mn ree 52 377: 578. 379: 580. 581. 582. 583. 584. 585. 586. 587. SYMPETALAE Corolla regular, 5-partite, with imbricate aestivation. Stamens 10, five of them sometimes sterile. Ovules erect, straight. Shrubs or trees. Leaves compound, exstipulate. Flowers in panicles or racemes. Connarus, 104. Connaraceae. Corolla regular, with valvate aestivation, or irregular. Ovules inverted. Leaves usually stipulate. . . . . . .« 105. Leguminosae. .(570.) Ovules basal or inserted upon a ae central placenta. . . . 599 Ovules parietal. oh a EG Deas ie. le ec Ovules 3, pendulous. Style simple. Fertile stamens as many as and opposite the corolla-lobes, 5—6, or fewer, 3. Flowers regular. Fruit a drupe. Trees, shrubs, or undershrubs. Leaves alternate. Olax, 59. Olacaceae. Ovules 3, ascending, or more. . . ER .. ... Style 3-cleft. Stamens more than ee Den Er rarely a 8. Sepals 2. Corolla-lobes 5. Herbs or undershrubs. 73. Portulacaceae. Style simple or 2-cleft, rarely (Caryophyllaceae) 3-cleft, but then sepals corolla-lobes and stamens 5 each. . . . 2 Stamens as many as and opposite the divisions of the corolla, 3-7. Style simple. Te «ghee, See Stamens as many as fad limes with he is of sae For or PET or more numerous. . . A ER ee Fruit a capsule. Herbs or ee jot art re Primulaeaae! Fruit a nut, berry, or drupe. Shrubs or trees, very rarely herbs or under- shrubs. Leaves alternate, gland-dotted. . . . 190. Myrsinaceae. Stamens! 5.--Flowers-tegullar., ausisi ik ol) an Hoey eo ee Stamens 2, 4,008. : suliunceeiewotd-» Deuts 1 hosted Sa Leaves opposite, stipulate. Corolla deeply divided, with imbricate aestivation. Styles ı or 3. Herbs or undershrubs. 75. Caryophyllaceae. Leaves alternate, exstipulate. Styles I—2. :. 202. Convolvulaceae. Stamens 4, free from the corolla, or 8. Flowers regular, 4-merous. Stigma I. Seeds albuminous. Low shrubs. Leaves. whorled, narrow. 189. Erieaceae. Stamens 4, inserted on the corolla-tube, or 2. . |: 1706 Be Anthers opening by a transverse slit. Stamens 2. Style ee u 2 or 5. Corolla distinctly 2-lipped. Leaves alternate or all radical. Hexbsar serie . . . 214, Lentibulariaceae. Anthers opening = N needs slits. Style present. Ovules 4. Leaves opposite or whorled. reise att rn le .Wenienacemm (578.) Ovules attached to a single placenta. Style simple. Stamens as. many as or more than the divisions of the corolla. Leaves alternate, compound or reduced to the dilated petiole. 105, Leguminosae. Ovules attached to two or more placentas. . . 2 we «» « «+ 58% 588. 589. 590. 591. 592. 593- 594- 595: 596. 597: 598. 599. SYMPETALAE 53 Style simple or 2-cleft. . . . "gig fs A a Style 3—10-cleft. Flowers inet or yet a Ba a OOS Fertile stamens fewer than the divisions of the corolla, I—4. . . . 590 Fertile stamens as many as’ or more than the divisions of the corolla. 395 Fertile stamen 1, staminodes 3. Corolla-lobes 4. Stigma 2-cleft. Herbs. Leaves opposite, undivided. ss Sf «ys ee ape. DOOHWANACERS, Fertile stamens 2 or 4. . . . HERUM) „Eh eur, SOX Fertile stamens 2. Herbs or ee Leaves undivided. Flowers remapde (io COLI DIS SIIB „.E Slagon,. .d arxtulwellaio. 592 BEE (RUN CHE HAUEN JINEDIDOS MOYER. TIRING AOI . 594 Seeds 4, with thin albumen. Fruit a capsule with a drupaceous rind Ovules 4—ı6. Stigma 2-parted. Staminodes 3. Martynia, 211. Martyniaceae. Seeds numerous, without albumen. Ovules numerous. . . . . 593 Disc wanting. Ovary and fruit ovate. Placentas little projecting. Staminodes none. Small water-plants. Leaves opposite. Dintera, 208. Serophuiariaceae. Disc rarely wanting,and then ovary and fruit linear or oblong and placen- fos much projecting. . ~. » . » .« .lellaseng2k3..-Gesneraceae. Placentas 2. Fruit a berry or nut. Seeds exalbuminous. Shrubs or trees. Leavescompound. . . . . . . . 209. Bignoniaceae. Placentas 4. Fruit a capsule. Seeds albuminous. Herbs without green colour. Leaves scale-like. Flowers irregular. 212. Orobanchaceae. (589.) Stamens as many as the divisions of the corolla, 3—8. . . 596 Stamens more numerous than the divisions of the corolla, 7 or more. Shrubs or trees. . . a - 2 OO Style stigmatose beneath the N aa 2- ER apex. Placentas 2. Corolla with contorted aestivation. Flowers regular or nearly so, 5-, rarely 4-merous. Juice milky. “= . . . 200. Apocynaceae. Style stigmatose at the apex or between the apical lobes. Juice not TOME: ss ; RE; Leaves and stem lo; green cae: ee ee ee scale- like. Flowers irregular. Stamens 4. Placentas 4. 212. Orobanchaceae. Leaves green, rarely (Gentianaceae) without green colour, but then flowers ear Seimens 5 and placenlas 2. 2.» 2 © ss, « « 596 Leaves alternate, without stipules. Stem woody. Bark resinous. Flowers regular, 5-merous. Stigma I. Pittosporum, 97. Pittosporaceae. Leaves opposite or whorled, rarely alternate or all radical, but then stem EN a LE be ke ode Mr lee a iia i alias Stem woody. Leaves opposite or whorled, usually stipulate. Flowers MORE te te EN kee. Op alingeae. 54 600. 601. 602. 603. 610. 612. SYMPETALAE Stem herbaceous or woody at the base only, rarely throughout, but then flowers 5-merous. Leaves exstipulate. . . 199. Gentianaceae. Stamens 7—18, with united filaments. Placentas3—5. . . - . 601 Stamens 23 or more, with free filaments. Leaves undivided. . . 602 Sepals 3. Corolla-lobes 4—6. Stamens 7—9 or 14—18. Anthers opening outwards. . . . . Cinnamosma, 157. Winteranaceae, Sepals 4—5. Corolla-lobes 4—5. Stamens 8—10. Anthers opening inwards or laterally. dns « + « 2A . Meligoeas, Corolla-lobes 6. Sepals 3. ben a styles very short. Placentas numerous, confluent. Albumen abundant, ruminate. 81. Anonaceae. Corolla-lobes 11—14.. Sepals 2—4. Filaments and styles long. Placentas 2, two-cleft. Albumen scanty, uniform. Hoplestigma, 194. Hoplestigmataceae. (588.) Stamens as many as the corolla-lobes, 3—5. Fruit a capsule. Herbs or undershrubs. . . . . . . . +. 162. Achariaceae. Stamens twice as many as the corolla-lobes, 10. Fruit a berry. Trees. Carica, 163. Carieaceae. gga Owary)ascelteds un, Due Ley YO Lela We 2 @waey?3--ersmore-celled. «© : 5 « « « alarm 00 ee “Ovules solitary’ in-each ovary-cell. 2 2.7.0 ee Ow@es? or Höre ineach-ovary-cell. „. „me Oo) Oa ee . Ovules erect or ascending. . . . ER oh, FOEEEEE Ovules pendulous, descending, or eae ee eerie sramiens 2 or 40°. u. 200.20 So ee . Pertile stamens 5 or 6... ... 0.0 2 = | nnn . Seeds borne on a hook-like outgrowth of the funicle, exalbuminous. Fruit kapsular.": 5. ...0...216. Aeanthaceae. Seeds not on a AG bi: fike br of the funicle. 205. Verbenaceae. . Stamens opposite the divisions of the corolla. Anthers opening out- wards. Sijgemai. Trees orshrubs. . <<... 193. Sapotaceae. Stamens alternate with the divisions of the corolla. Anthers opening Ravers, Ge he sn RE See ed ha ge ae, - oe Stigma 1. Corolla with imbricate or contorted aestivation. Seeds exalbuminous. Herbs. Leaves alternate, exstipulate. Rochelia, 204, Borraginaceae, Stigmas 2. Corolla with valvate aestivation. Seeds albuminous. Trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite or whorled, stipulate. Gaertnera, 219. Rubiaceae. EB BörtiiesStamens®z..0r 40. u. 4 ew OO ee Fertile stamens 5 or more. . . Stic, ee, One Saree). Ti Stamens 4, free from the corolla. Corolla regular or nearly so, 2—4- lobed. Seeds with abundant albumen. . . . . 189. Ericaceae, Samensinspsted on the corolla. . . 2. Ss A Serra ee 613. 614. 615. 616. 617. 618. 622. 623. 624. SYMPETALAE 55 Corolla scar-ous, regular, 4-lobed. Stamens 4. Stigma ı. Fruit opening by alid. Seeds albuminous. . . Plantago, 218. Plantaginaceae. Corolla not scarious, more or less irregular, rarely regular, but then sta- a ie eis Lay nx, OLS Corolla regular. Stamens 2, alternating with the ovary-cells. . Disc wanting. Seeds with scanty albumen. Shrubs. Leaves compound, . but sometimes with a single leaflet. . . Jasminum, 197. Oleaceae. Corolla more or less irregular, rarely regular, but then stamens 4. Leaves Serb alas #592... anluyyis) Aeel.o rom esowoll Bing Flowers regular. Stamens 4. Anthers opening by two slits. Style 2- cleft. Fruit capsular. Seeds exalbuminous. Low shrubs. Leaves alternate, „u pds; Wellstedia, 204. Borraginaceae. Flowers more or less ki Leaves opposite or whorled, rarely alternate, but then anthers opening by a single slit or pore. . . 616 Leaves alternate, at least the upper ones. Anthers opening by a single slit or pore. Seedsalbuminous. . . . 208. Serophulariaceae. Leaves opposite or whorled. . . . See LIT eee Ley Fruit a capsule. Seeds borne on a hook- like process of the funicle, exal- buminous. . . . . . 216. Acanthaceae. Fruit a drupe or a aut: Sec Abi ona aa like process of the funicle, albuminous. Stamens 4. Anthers opening by two slits. Herbs. 205. Verbenaceae. (611.) Flowers distinctly irregular. Stamens united at the base with one another and with the corolla. Anthers opening by a single pore. 120. Polygalaceae. Flowers regular or nearly so. Anthers opening by two slits or pores. 619 . Flowers unisexual. Stamens free from the corolla. 122. Euphorbiaceae. Flowers hermaphrodite. Leaves undivided. . . . 2 020 . Calyx and corolla of 2—4 divisions each. Stamens 68, free from the corolla or nearly so. : : - . « 189. Erieaceae. Calyx and corolla of 5 N N Sa 5, attached to the corolla ; ponents hee. Stiemas 27 ,:.. 2.00 2... O0 Apoeynaceae. Boss @aniles 2: in each. cell of th owary. ui. maria (salam. ash b) ya. 022 (nes dor more in each. cell ofthe QvaT yt fp acs vt scuwmai eden & O8@ rtanen5 23. |. 27500 N nee Selber comedian dence, 023 Fertile stamens 4—30. . . DR 27 Flowers regular. Stamens 2, ee an ihe ovary-cells, ehr Be Disc wanting. ; =” wins’ pike. a) Oleacede, Flowers more or less m asien sacl regularly alternating with Be ON ATY-COUS eee ah ing ak Biase Tere 0 Leaves stipulate, alternate. Style 2-cleft. Petals 2-cleft. Seeds ex- albuminous. Trees or shrubs. . Lapura, 121. Dichapetalaceae. Leaves exstipulate, opposite or whorled, rarely alternate, but then, as el Alvaysuasisde, simple, ana wile yeep «we ee CORR 56 625. 626. 627. 628. 629. 630. 631. 632. 633. 634. 635. 636. 637. 638. SYMPETALAE Seeds borne on a hook-like outgrowth of the funicle, exalbuminous. 216. Acanthaceae. Seeds not on a hodk: like outgrowth of the funicle, albuminous. 208. Scrophulariaceae. (620) Biestale stdmensia, zumal ren an alte lee Bortile sstamdns 75-30. .iuudic lasse .ıllun chen’ sank Gemella With wudivasichs.. .. '. 2/9 nel am egy Ara we Be Corolla with 5 divisions. ote lupe #59) io soe. SEE Flowers more or less bcreeuite Seeds exalbuminous. Leaves opposite or whorled, without stipules. element.» 216. Acanthaeere. Flowers regular. Seeds albuminous. . . al) « QM Corolla scarious, regular. Stigma entire. Reue opening ass a lid. va es SESE Ty Arena | 20°/ heclowle ae 218. Plantaginaceae. Corolla not scarious. . . eat en Leaves: alternate. Styles or Ehe 2. Ovules erect 202. Convolvulaceae. Leaves opposite or whorled. Shrubs or trees. wit, u. +.) done ae Leaves provided with stipules or connected at their eG: by ‘rasa lines or ridges. . . . . . 198. Loganiaceae. Leaves without either selec or a lines or ridges at their base. 197. Oleaceae. Leaves alternate, at least the upper ones. Flowers regular or nearly so. Corolla white. Stigma entire or HOPE Fruit a drupe. Seeds albuminous. . . . . +. 217. .Myoporaceae. Leaves opposite or ed. rarely ae upper ones alternate, but then flowers irregular, stigma 2-partite and fruit a capsule ornut. . . 633 Seeds with scanty albumen. Plants with glandular hairs. 210. Pedaliaceae. Seeds without albumen. . . - 2 =. ... . 216. Acanthaceae, can ee nn Stamens 8—30.. . . . + Style (or styles) en Monet the Uhichädei die sometimes pai apex. Corolla with contorted aestivation. . . 200. Apocynaceae. Style (or styles) stigmatose at the apex or between the apical lobes. 636 Leaves opposite or whorled, stipulate or connected by transverse lines or ridges. Shrubsortrees.. . . : . . . 198. Loganiaceae, Leaves alternate. . . ae Ovules erect. Corolla epee or Heine mE usa folded in bud. 202. Convolvulaceae. Ovules pendulous. Styles or stigmas 2. Corolla lobed, but imbricate in bud, or deeply divided. Shrubs or trees. . . Nas ic 638 Leaves stipulate. Flowers in axillary cymes or rl Fruit a drupe. Dichapetalum, 121. Dichapetalaceae. Leaves exstipulate. Flowers in terminal spikes or heads. Fruit a capsule. Lonchostoma, 100. Bruniaceae. 639. 640. 641. 642. 643. 644. 645. 646. 647. 648 649. SYMPETALAE 57 Stamens 8. Style 1. Flowers hermaphrodite. Salaxis, 189. Ericaceae. Stamens 10—30. Styles 2. Flowers unisexual or polygamous. Euclea, 195. Ebenaceae. eiiRertilestamens I 40m. una. len ud Ne eur), OFL Pevelemetamens 15-=10, aie nalen low UA. rem. 658 Be: smote Or less Intepular.i.ain.. (fallen 2» Banana. 642 Flowers regular. . . ~ « pa baeulévab yisomiails tenysll (652 Leaves opposite or En hiyYiess balictioa-dity -clieto> (2.0: 643 Leaves alternate, at least the upper ones. . . . 648 Leaves provided with stipules or connected at ber Bar ne ee limesoor ridges. Shrubs ortrees. . . . . . 198. Loganiaceae. Leaves rarely with stipules or transverse lines or ridges at their base, ete mers Or undersmubss 12. 20 0. aus: me Denen. O44 Becus with distinctly developed albumen... ... .. se) « ,.:045 Seeds with very scanty albumen or without any. . . . . . . 646 Seeds with funicles provided with a wart-like outgrowth. Placentas remaining attached to the beaked and recurved valves of the capsule. Disc not distinctly developed. Calyx deeply divided. Corolla-lobes 5, with descending aestivation. Anther-halves not confluent. Stigma lobed. Flowers in spikes. . ‘. ©. . . . 216. Acanthaceae. Seeds without an outgrowth from the finierd or without a funicle. Placen- tas usually separating from the valves of the capsule. Disc more or less distinctly developed. iam, ; 208. Scrophulariaceae. Seeds with scanty albumen. Plants vith glandular hairs. Stamens 4. 210. Pedaliaceae. Seeds without albumen. . . rar. an Seeds borne on a large hook-like An of the Ba rarelyon a u cushion-shaped one, and then herbs. Fruit a capsule, the valves bearing the split dissepiment. Ovules usually few. Leaves simple. 216. Acanthaceae. Seeds not on a hook-like outgrowth of the funicle, more or less distinctly winged or marginate. Fruit a capsule, the valves usually separating from the more or less dilated dissepiment, or a nut or berry. Ovules numerous. Stamens 4. Leaves usually compound. Shrubs or trees. . 209. Bignoniaceae. (642.) Corolla with valvate or folded aestivation. Partition of the ovary usually placed obliquely to the median plane of the flower. 207. Solanaceae. Corolla with imbricate, not folded aestivation. Partition of the ovary usually placed transversely to the median plane of the flower. . 649 Fruit a drupe. Ovules in each ovary-cell 4—6, in pairs placed one above the other. Stigmaı. Stamens 4. Anther-halves confluent at the apex. Shrubs. ee . . . Oftia, 217. Myoporaceae. Fruit a capsule, at or becky: re usually numerous. . . . 650 58 650. 651. 652. 653. 654. 655. 656. 657. 658. 659. 660. SYMPETALAE Seeds exalbuminous, usually horizontal and winged. Ovules numerous. Stigmas 2. Stamens 4. Shrubs or trees. Leaves usually compound. 209. Bignoniaceae. Seeds albuminous. Leaves simple, but sometimes dissected. . . 651 Albumen very thin, nearly membranous. Stigmas or stigma-lobes 2. Stamens 4. Plants with glandular hairs. Lower leaves opposite. 210. Pedaliaceae. Albumen distinctly developed. . . . . . 208. Serophulariaceae. (641.) Corolla with contorted aestivation. Stamens 4. . . . . 653 Corolla with valvate or imbricate, not contorted aestivation. . . 654 Style stigmatose below the apex. Mostly shrubs or trees. 200. Apocynaceae. Style stigmatose at the apex or between the apical lobes. Fruit a septi- cidal capsule. Herbs or undershrubs. . . . 199. Gentianaceae. Corolla scarious. Stamens 4. Disc wanting. Stigma 1. Fruit dehis- cing by a lid. Flowers in spikes or heads. Plantago, 248. Plantaginaceae. Corolla not scarious. Fruit dehiscing lengthwise or indehiscent. 655 Anthers with confluent halves, opening by a transverse slit. Disc more or less distiactly developed. . . . ..., 208. Serophulariaceae. Anthers with distinct halves, opening by two longitudinal slits or apical pores. cme le ax?) Sux Sia ee . 656 Leaves alternate, simple, but sometimes dissected. Corolla usually folded in bud. Partition of the ovary usually placed obliquely to the median plane of the flower. Ovules generally numerous. 207. Solanaceae. Leaves opposite or whorled, rarely alternate, but then compound. Corolla not folded. Trees, shrubs, or undershrubs. . . . . . 657 Leaves provided with stipules or connected at their base by transverse lines or ridges, simple, opposite or whorled. Ovules usually numerous, 198. Loganiaceae. Leaves without either stipules or transverse lines or ridgesat their base, Ovules 3—4 in each ovary-cell. Discnone. . . . 197. Oleaceae. 040.) (Leaves Opposite or WhOrled. 3. Ss. u 0 Be og en i Ae ere Leaves provided with stipules or connected at their base by transverse lines or ridges. Shrubs or trees. . . . . . 198. Loganiaceae. Leaves without stipules, but sometimes connected by transverse lines ; in this case herbs or undershrubs. Stamens 5. . . . 660 Corolla with imbricate, not contorted aestivation. Style stigmatose at the entire apex. Fruit a berry. Shrubs growing upon trees. Dermatobotrys, 208. Serophulariaceae. Corolla -with,.contonted aestivations meta ae Ale ee 661, 662. 663. 664. 665. 666. 667. 668. 669. 670. 671. 672. 673. SYMPETALAE 59 Style stigmatose at the apex or between the apical lobes. Fruit a septi- cidal capsule. Herbs or undershrubs. . . . 199. Gentianaceae. Style stigmatose below the apex. Mostly shrubs or trees, 200. Apocynaceae, Corolla with valvate or folded aestivation. . . . 2 . . . . 663 Corolla with imbricate or contorted aestivation. . . rE S665 Stamens free from the corolla. Herbs. Lightfootia, 224. FREI, Stamens:attächeditothecorolla. . ...-eit. «Js. - una pant Oe Corolla almost entire, somewhat irregular. Trees. Humbertia, 202. Convolvulaceae. Corolla lobed, rarely almost entire, but then herbs or undershrubs. 207. Solanaceae. Corolla with contorted aestivation. Style stigmatose beneath the thick- ened and sometimes 2-lobed apex. . . . . . 200. Apocynaceae. Corolla. with imbricate, not contorted aestivation. Style (or styles) stigmatose at the apex or between the apical lobes. . . . . . 666 Styles 2, free or united at the base. Disc wanting. Corolla regular Seeds albuminous ; embryo straight. Herbs or undershrubs. 203. Hydrophyllaceae. Ce MUN GLVAGeK ohre ys iaurcisy balertbolystora iil kilos zetuvt®. 667 Seeds winged, exalbuminous. Fruit a loculicidal capsule. Stigmas 2. Corolla slightly irregular. Shrubs. . . . .- 209. Bignoniaceae. ees ema wired, albummous. . . . obndw aelebsidsoeesrg - 668 Seeds with straight embryo. Fruit a capsule opening lengthwise. Stigma I. Corolla slightly irregular; tube short. . 208. Serophulariaceae. Seeds with curved embryo. Fruit a capsule opening by a lid, or a berry. Anthers opening by two longitudinal slits. . . . 207. Solanaceae. poem Ole Lin each ovary-cell. „ . 0. sa alniunilar. 670 Ovules 2 or more in each ovary-cell. . . . na, 083 Stamens as many as and alternate with the dire of the corolla, or PECTS br ots: ; aad O75 Stamens as many as ste or the ME Di the Se, ormore. 679 Flowers unisexual, regular. Corolla divided almost to the base. Disc wanting. Fruit a drupe. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate. Ilex, 128. Aquifoliaceae. Flowers hermaphrodite, rarely polygamous. . . . . . . . 672 Anthers opening by an apical pore. Stamens 5. Ovary 3-celled. Flowers RCRA Ags yb os sens) ans onshore a patent ede, Polygalaceae. Anthers opening by two longitudinal slits sometimes confluent at the apex + in-the latter case ovary 4-celled. 4 4). male) ey ws - 673 Stamens free from the corolla or scarcely adhering to it, 4. Flowers regular. BE . . . 189. Ericaceae. Stamens evidently bits chel to ibe rae Bi a EEE 60 674. 675. 676. 677. 678. 679. 680. 681. 682. 683. SYMPETALAE Corolla scarious, 4-lobed, regular. Stamens 4. Disc wanting. Stigma I. Ovules pendulous or laterally affixed. Fruit opening by a lid. ied 218. Plantaginaceae. Corolla not scarious . . 2% ee Corolla with valvate or folded aestivation, regular. Stamens 5. Leaves alternate. . . . . . nn . . « « 202, Convolvulaceae. Corolla with imbricate or contorted aestivation. . . . . . . 676 Stamens as many as the divisions of the corolla. Ovules with the micro- pyle directed upwards. Leaves, all or the upper ones, alternate, un- divided. Inflorescences cymose, usually one-sided and coiled when esa ee Me ES TL OES AE AIT {OT 204. Borraginaceae. Stamens fewer than the divisions of the corolla, rarely the same number, but then ovules with the micropyle directed downwards and leaves opposite Br> whorled.. „Age 20) - 00 Ar, Oe Leaves alternate, at least the upper ones, undivided. Corolla regular, 5-lobed. Stamens 4. Anther-halves confluent at the apex. Ovules righ SS the micropyle directed upwards. Fruit a drupe. Shrubs. Myoporum, 217. Myoporaceae. Leaves opposite or whorled, rarely alternate, but then corolla 2-lipped. Ovules with the micropyle directed downwards. . . . 678 Ovary deeply divided, more rarely slightly lobed, and hie as sian fruit dry. Inflorescence composed of sometimes one-flowered cymes arranged in false whorls. be . . « 206. Labiatae. Ovary entire, rarely slightly lobed, agi ehe fruit succulent, drupaceous. Inflorescence usually of the racemose type. . . 205. Verbenaceae. (670.) Anthers I-celled, opening by a single slit. Stamens numerous. Calyx with valvate, corolla with contorted aestivation. Leaves simple, Senat ee wee eee et Se I VRE er deg 142, Malvaceae. anthers’ 2-celled: +. 7. TOPOS i RE OTe 6 6 eae Styler, undivided. . . . . a A AN Styles 2 or more, free or ey. En ee Tr a oe Stamens more than the divisions of the corolla, ge Fruit a capsule or nut. Leaves undivided, exstipulate. . . . . 189. Ericaceae. Stamens as many as or more than the divisions of the corolla; in the later case, "12 Gr more, Fruit a berry. ... . « «, wc Corolla with valvate aestivation. Stamens 5. Leaves pinnate. Leea, 138. Vitaceae. Corolla with imbricate aestivation. Leaves undivided. 193. Sapotaceae. Flowers hermaphrodite. Sepals free. Corolla 5-partite. Stamens Io. Ovary lobed, 5-celled. Styles 5, free. Herbs or undershrubs, rarely shrubs. FUTTER , J, >. 208. “Oxalidaegma: Flowers unisexual or Sheet aan hermaphrodite, but then sepals united below and oväry-cells twice as many as the styles. . . . 684 684. 685. 686. 687. 688. 689. 690. 691, 692. 693. 694. 695. 696. SYMPETALAE 61 Leaves exstipulate, undivided. Shrubs or trees. Flowers solitary or in cymes, axillary. Corolla with contorted or valvate aestivation. 195. Ebenaceae, Leaves stipulate, rarely exstipulate, but then herbs or undershrubs, and corolla with imbricate, not contorted aestivation. Flowers in racemes Bmıcles, unisexzual ; . u a. 122. Euphorbiaceae. mles 2, ineach ovary-cell.. 2 i 6s ae 0. 2 ce. te 086 Ovules 3 or morein each ovary-cell. . . . ae Ya OL Stamens as many as and alternate with the ne of the paca or EE a . 087 Stamens as many as acl ende the dinkens as the cavolla. or more. 693 Stamens a , ; HS ORE Stamens 5—7, ee Te lealnceae) 2—3 de Par segs OSE Corolla irregular, 5-lobed. Seeds with scanty albumen. Herbs. . Leaves opposite, lobed, stipulate. . . . . Pretrea, 210. Pedaliaceae. Corolla regular, 4-lobed or 4-parted. Seeds with abundant albumen Leaves opposite and exstipulate, or alternate. . . . . . . 689 Flowers unisexual. Corolla deeply divided. Fruit a drupe. Ilex, 128. Aquifoliaceae. Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous. Fruit a capsule or nut. . 690 Stamens free from the corolla or slightly adhering to it at the base. 189. Ericaceae. Stamens evidently attached to the corolla-tube. Plantago, 218. Plantaginaceae. Ovary 4—8-celled. Disc wanting. Corolla deeply divided. Flowers unisexual. . . . . . . Zlex, 128. Aquifoliaceae. Ovary 3-celled. ee eee ENTE ee Cg Corolla folded in the bud. Ovules erect. Seeds albuminous. Ipomoea, 202. Convolvulaceae. Corolla not folded in the bud. Ovules pendulous. Stigmas 3. Seeds exalbuminous. Shrubs or trees. Leavesstipulate. 121. Dichapetalaceae. (686.) Stamens as many to twice as many as the divisions of the cor olla. oe oa ep OOF Stamens more sa ee as many as ie Anes af the corolla. 698 Leaves stipulate, alternate. Sepals united below, valvate in bud. 144. Sterculiaceae. Leaves exstipulate, rarely (Oxalidaceae) stipulate, but then sepals free and in Bud... u ew oe Ss aw ee a a EA” gs Seyler; undivided... . . OU Fn leds ee et «IO Styles 2—8, free or partially ae drehe a aye: Gor Stamens 8—1io ; filaments united ; anthers opening fg Me longitudinal slits. 118. Meliaceae. Stamens 4—8 ; filaments free, rarely u but then anthers opening by apical pores. Leaves undivided. . . . . . . 189. Ericaceae. 62 697. 608. 699. 700. TOT. 793- SYMPETALAE Sepals free. Corolla deeply divided. Stamens 10. Filaments united in a cup at the base. Styles 5. Herbs or undershrubs, rarely shrubs. Leaves alternate. Flowers hermaphrodite. . . 108. Oxalidaceae. Sepals united below. Filaments free or united in several bundles. Shrubs OF Wee 5 A . . . . 195. Ebenaceae. Leaves exstipulate, undivided. Style 2-8 free or united at the base. Shrubs or trees. . . . . . 195, Ebenaceae. Leaves stipulate, rarely exstipulate, “but then style 1, undivided. 699 Corolla with valvate aestivation. Style simple. Shrubs or trees. Leaves undivided. nt . . . 145. Seytopetalaceae. Corolla with contorted, cali with vaivate aestivation. ... ..ı zn Anthets celled. . . . «. 3% leer | =» 1 Antheis 2eelied. . . . . . . . © 144, Stereuliaceae. (685.) Stamens as many as ee siete with the divisions of the corolla, Or tewer. 5, . ee Stamens as manyas atidl dpposite the divBions i be ‘oral, or more. 708 . Stamens fewer than the divisions of the corolla, 4. Flowers irregular. Albumen scanty. . . . eu 6») oes Stamens as many as the divisions i the a 22.0 Me Anthers opening by a transverse slit. Stigma ı. Ovary 3-celled. Leaves whorled. Shrubs. . . . . . Bowkeria, 208. Serophulariaceae. Anthers opening by two longitudinal slits. Stigmas 2. 210. Pedaliaceae. . Carolla with valvate or folded aestivation. . . . . . . |. « 705 Corofla with imbricate or contorted aestivation. . . . . . .« 706 . Leaves opposite or whorled. Calyx and corolla with valvate aestivation. Ovary 5—7-celled. Embryo straight. Shrubs. Roussea, 96. Saxifragaceae. Leaves alternate. Corolla with folded aestivation. Embryo curved. 207. Solanaceae. . Stamens free from the corolla or adhering to it at the base. 189. Ericaceae. Stamens attached on the middle or the upper part of the corolla-tube. 707 . Fruit a capsule. Disc wanting. Stamens 4. Leaves without stipules. Plantago, 218. Plantaginaceae. Fruit a berry or a drupe. Leaves opposite or whorled, provided wıth stipules or connected by transverse lines at the base. Shrubs or trees. 198. Loganiaceae. 1708.) Stamehs 3-12. ., 4) a ee ee Stamens’niinerous” . 10 WI eee EIER BEER UM Tr . Flowers unisexual. Fruit a berry. Trees or shrubs. . . . . 710 Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous. . . » VE . Flowers monoecious. Calyx subentire. Corolla bei the hile towers with a long tube, of the female ones with free petals. Staminodes 712. 713. 714. 715- 716. rT" 718. 719. 720. 721. 723- SYMPETALAE 63 absent in the female flowers. Ovary sessile. Style short. Stigmas 5. Leaves lobed. - . . % . « Cylicomorpha, 168. Carieaceae. Flowers dioecious. Calyx of free sepals. Corolla with a short tube. Staminodes present in the female flowers. Ovary shortly stalked. Style long. Stigma 1, lobed. Leaves undivided. Cercopetalum, 87. Capparidaceae. . Styles 5, free. Stamens ro, united at the base. Calyx with imbricate, corolla with contorted aestivation.. . . . . 108. Oxalidaceae. Style 1, simple or divided ; in the latter case calyx with valvate aestiva- tion. el IDEE COTTA) 13%, ie Leaves ststiplate, undivided. lin En, 189. ricaceae. Leaves stipulate. soni with valvate or lose, corolla with contorted aestivation. ais 39 OA Anthers I-celled, opening by a single shit, twisted, ei Teig insieste! wies... .. „200... Ceiba, 143. Bombacaceae. Anthers 2- Aelled, opening by tito slits or pores. 144, Sterculiaceae. (708.) Corolla of numerous divisions. Styles 5. Leaves without stipules. Se ea wi WF. Yogtiias ewlow). \Orygea; 72; Altöacbae. Corolla of 5 is, alte Kerala vesveol .. „rl 275 Corolla with valvate sestivation. ruf or trees. 145. Scytopetalaceae. Corolla with imbricate or contorted aestivation. . . . . . . 716 Calyx with valvate or closed, corolla with contorted aestivation. Leaves Stipulate:| 2.5 |. ADs. Si Calyx with imbricate elaton A es estirulaen dig Shrubs Bere u 80 | 9tR volo ns Su Sk. VISISE je ah. Saint). 710 Anthers 2-celled. . . . SIE una 144. Stereuliaceae. Anthers 1I-celled. Blaents united: Exnbcpls curved? Mitar) ne Leaves palmately Ir A Trees. . . . . 143. Bombacaceae. Leaves simple. A? . . . . 142. Malvaceae. Stamens 15. Style si, with 5 seitteanlan, Albumen abundant. Ficalhoa, 189. Ericaceae, Stamens more than 15. Albumen scanty or wanting. 148. Theaceae. (552.) Style I, or styles 2 or more, united at the base or apex. . . 72I Styles 2 or more, entirely: free. -. -. °°. LM tw Stamens numerous. Filaments united. efits I- eat Ovaries 5 or more. Calyx with valvate, corolla with contorted aestivation. Leaves PILE. es -. ». ou et PRR 142. Malvaceae. Stamens 2—5. fa _ ese phi. sry. 722 . Fertile stamens 2 or 4. Ovaries 4, one-ov led, Blowers usually irregular. Leaves usually opposite or whorled. . . . . . 206, Labiatae. Fertile stamens 5. Flowers usually regular. . . . - . . . 723 Ovaries 4, one-ovuled. Style or style-branches stigmatose at the apex or between the apical lobes. Disc present. Leaves, at least the upper 64 724. 725. 726. 727- 728. 729. 730. SYMPETALAE ones, alternate. . . rt 204. Borraginaceae, Ovaries 2, rarely 3 or 5, very Br 4, ete then 2-ovuled. Style or styles stigmatose beneath the thickened apex. Leaves usually opposite. 724 Stylar head with 5 gland-like pollen-carriers alternating with and adhering to the anthers. Styles 2, united at the top. Pollen-grains cohering. Disc wanting. t Be 201. Asclepiadaceae. Stylar head without ER carriers, an sometimes adhering to the anthers. Styles partially or wholly united. Pollen-grains free. 200. Apoeynaceae. Styles 2. Ovaries 2 or 4. Ovules together 4. Stamens 5. Corolla with folded or valvate aestivation. Herbs. 202. Convolvulaceae. Stylesis,orımnre, Ovaries 3,07. moreiti“ zuin) ln soe Sepals 2—3. Corolla-lobes 3—6. Stamens 6. or. more. Albumen abundant, ruminate. Shrubs or trees. Leaves undivided, exstipulate. 81. Anonaceae. Sepals 4 or more, rarely 3, but then stamens 3. Albumen scanty or wantigbr shat +} aolvse ..-aotabreth.cucrarete-lb slid. Ve Flowers unisexual. Ovules solitary in each ovary. Fruits indehiscent. Trees. Leaves alternate, lobed, .stipulate. Platanus, 102. Platanaceae. Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous. Ovules 2 or more in each ovary, rarely solitary, but then leaves opposite. Fruits dehiscent. Leaves exstipulates;; har ello .terole ic. ol coher (he. ye Ovules 2 in each ovary. Fe 5-merous. Leaves alternate, pinnate. simsbstorvtrees.'l lex c. : . . . 104, Connaraceae. Ovules numerous, rarely I—2 in chi ovary, but then leaves opposite and undivided. Herbs or undershrubs, rarely shrubs. 95, Crassulaceae. (551.)-Ovany i: single;«ia-celledy ian Arsen. hallas- 1. Stee 5. Flower-pairs with small, thickened, almost gland-like scales inserted above the bracts and the 2-keeled bracteoles which usually accompany the bracts. a 6 Flower-pairs without end Ale ees Bo ihe dads art bracken 8 6. Ovary and fruit smooth, the latter fleshy. Leaves having the larger half all on the same side. Herbs with a simple stem. Inflorescence panicle-, very rarely spike-like. — Species 13. West Africa. Some have edible fruits. (Under Phrynium Willd. or Phyllodes Lour.) Sareophrynium K. Schum. Ovary and fruit covered with pointed protuberances, the latter dry. Leaves having the larger half some on the right, some on the left side. Under- shrubs or climbing herbs with a branched stem. Inflorescence spike- like. 2 eae 7. Fruit dehiscent, a En N a, Seeds with an aril. Flower-pairs without a bracteole. — Species I. West Africa. (Under Trachyphrynium Benth.) » only er’ wo seg Hybophrynium Kr Schum MARANTACEAE. FLOW. PL. AFR. Pl. 25. J. Fleischmann del. Clinogyne arillata K. Schum. A Flowering branch.’ B Flower. ORCHIDACEAE. FLOW. PL. AFR. J. Fleischmann del. Listrostachys vesicata Reichb. fil. A Plant in flower. B Flower. C Flower in longitudinal section (the spur cut off near the base) Pi. 26. 42. MARANTACEAE — 43. BURMANNIACEAE I49 Fruit indehiscent, covered with large protuberances. Seeds without an aril. Flower-pairs with a bracteole. — Species 6. West Africa. Trachyphrynium Benth. 8. Inflorescence springing from the root-stock and separated from the I-leafed stem, spike-like. Inner staminodes, at least one of them, equalling the outer. — Species I. Equatorial West Africa. (Under Calathea Mey.) . 2... Afrocalathea K. Schum. Inflorescence Keith the a een very short stem or its Dranches, . ». =. a, 6) 9. Inner staminodes es “ii the ante. De Theowed one sia a strap- shaped appendage. Bracts enclosing 2—4 sessile pairs of flowers each. Inflorescence head-like. Stem branched. — Species I. Equatorial West Africa (Gaboon). EN}. 4 ia; sf) ey Ataghidia an Inner staminodes smaller shan the mm at ist Io 10. Sepals very unequal. Fruit dry, indehiscent, ink a addins In- florescence consisting of 2—3 spikes. Bracts enclosing one pair of flowers each, persistent. — Species I. Equatorial Africa. Used in the preparation of salt. (Under Clinogyne Benth. or Donax Lour.) Halopegia K. Schum. Sepals subequal. Bracts usually enclosing 2—-4 pairs of flowers each. Ir II. Inflorescence head-like. Bracts persistent. — Species 2. West Africa. (Under iGalathea Mey)! ir 1%). sonar oie. Phrynium, Willd, Inflorescence raceme- or panicle-like. Bret deciduous. — Species 25. West Africa, Upper Nile, and Island of Réunion. Some species yield starch or fibre. (Donax Lour., including Marantochloa Griseb.) (Plate 25.) te ieee Phy. AT ers: Are Clinogyne Salisb. ORDER MICROSPERMAE SUBORDER BURMANNIINEAE FAMILY 43. BURMANNIACEAE Herbs. Leaves narrow or scale-like. Flowers solitary or in cymose, usually spike-like inflorescences, regular or nearly so, hermaphrodite or polygamous. Perianth-segments 3 or 6, petaloid, united below. Stamens 3, opposite the inner perianth-segments, or 6. Ovary inferior, I- or 3-celled. Ovules numer- ous, inverted. Style 3- or 6-cleft. Fruit dry, dehiscing by slits or irregularly. Seeds albuminous ; testa loose. — Genera 4, species I5. Tropical and South Africa. 1. Anthers erect, opening transversely, 3. Style long, with 3 stigmas. [Tribe Bernt. I N. See sek ee Tee Anthers recurved, opening lengthwise. Style short. [Tribe THIS- MIEARB fiery h PN WR en 2. Ovary I-celled. pilates Zt af Klik, . Gymnosiphon Blume Ovary 3-celled. — Species 10. Tropical and South Africa. Burmannia L. I50 43. BURMANNIACEAE — 44. ORCHIDACEAE 3: Corolla regular. Stamens 3; connective without an appendage. Stigma 3-parted.—Species I. West Africa (Cameroons). Oxygyne Schlecht. ‘Corolla irregular. Stamens 6; connective with an appendage. Stigma 6-toothed. — Species 2. West Africa (Cameroons). (Under Thismia lt oe Ol. ie. anmalıtgtr Afrothismia: (Engh), Saliieent, SUBORDER GYNANDRAE FAMILY 44. ORCHIDACEAE Leaves with longitudimal nerves. Inflorescence of the racemose type. Flowers irregular. Perianth more or less corolla-like or distinguished into calyx and corolla, one of the petals or segments (the lip) distinctly differing from the others. Receptacle usually continued beyond the ovary and forming the column upon which the stigma and the anther are inserted. Fertile stamen I, belonging to the outer whorl. Staminodes sometimes present. Ovary inferior, I-celled, with numerous parietal ovules. Stigmas or stigma-lobes 3, one of them rudimentary or transformed into the rostellum, to which the pollen-masses adhere. Seeds very small, exalbuminous ; embryo imperfectly ‚developed. — Genera 96, species 1600. (Plate 26.) 1. Pollen-masses with basal, stalk-like appendages, which adhere to the sticky, gland-like appendages of the rostellum. Root thickened into tubers. [Tribe OPHRYDEAE.] . ... viol -g Pollen-masses with apical appendages or il aapendais ale; . Anther reflected, forming an angle with the column. Lip with 2 spurs or without a spur, but sometimes saccate or bearing appendages on the No iy. | eh . ¢ 3 Anther erect, ee the same coe as wae conan vara sliebeh teflected, but then Iip..with one spur odo 14 3. Lip partly adnate to the column, usually bearing on ie upper ie a ies appendage. Petals broad, converging and usually cohering with the middle sepal into a hood. [Subtribe CORYCIINAE. | a Lip free from the column, inserted at its base, rarely shortly adnate to it, but then petals not as hee tl into a hood. [Subtribe saty- RIINAE.] : Sei iets | 4. Lateral sepals united near Hy to the: apex. — Species 10. crn Africa, Coryeium Swartz Pateral sepals wee.” . O°)" ; PY... SPORTING 5. Lateral sepals ay or NR = Gracies 30. Southern and tropical Africa. é a EIS GE ee ey Disperis Swartz Lateral sepals flat. oo pares ea ee 6 6. Column short. Lip broad ait che vie. Connective dilated. — Species 15. South Africa. (Including Ommatodium Lindl.) Pterygodium Swartz Column long. Lip clawed. Connective not dilated.—Species 8. South Africa (Cape Colony). ED NET Caen EEE Io. Er 12. 13. 14. TR, 16. u 44. ORCHIDACEAE I5I . Lip posticous (uppermost), produced behind into a pair of descending spurs or sacs. — Species 90. Tropical and South Africa. Some are used in medicine. re Aviceps Lindl. and Satyridium Lindl.) Satyrium Swartz Lip usually anticous, not meine but sometimes with a sac-like cavity. 8 . Odd sepal spurred or gibbous. . -, al. SQ awl. 9 Odd sepal neither spurred nor ae Vene ah) . 2°73 penigiore:.or lesscsaccatesat thelibase:: antun) alt slo sedlalisueb i Lo Pe Maen sod. lite lass ala soul cwlledan. rab! . IT Lip very small, adnate to the column. Stem rather rigid. Leaves in the middle of the stem.—Species 9. South Africa and mountains of the tropics. as, ' . 202. Brownleea Harv. Lip rather large, free kön he eilirmni Stem very flexible. Leaves at the base of the stem. — Species 6. South Africa (Cape Colony). (Wider Disa Berg). rn, » 20.00. Sehizodium Lindl. Rostellum with 2 distinet glands, to which the pollen-masses are attached ; side-lobes exceeding the middle-lobe. — Species 110. Southern and tropical Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants. (Including Penthea Lind.) .. ENT: ae Disa Berg Rostellum with one gland ; sides In, jpi Has! not exceeding the meee -fonntess te EIERN as le Fa ad, Pe cs La at © Stigma 2-parted. Rostellum with 3 narrow, subequal lobes. — Species Io. South Africa to Nyasaland. (Under Disa Berg). Herschelia Lindl. Stigma entire. Rostellum more or less hood-shaped, large. — Species 15. South Africa. (Under Disa Berg). . . . Monadenia Lindl. Petals much narrower than the odd sepal, kneed. Lip kidney-shaped. Stigma not extended in two branches. — Species I. South Africa (Cape Colony). (Under Disa Berg). . . u 0,0. Forlleara Lindl. Petals and sepals subequal. Stigma Ba 2 erect, linear branches. — Species z. South Africa (Cape Colony). . . . . Pachites Lindl. (2.) Stigma extended into two, ea elongated processes. [Subtribe HABENARIINAE.| . . LEERE 3 Stigma not extended into processes, ler flat. Column very short. 21 Stigmatic processes short, adnate to the lip. Rostellum small, not pro- longed into anther-channels. Column very short.—Species 10. Tropics. (Under Habenaria L. or Platanthera Rich.) . . . Peristylus Blume STETTEN SS Wr hu Ce WERE 0 TERN at ee is el Bee ota it eg a LO Column long, curved. Rostellum not prolonged into anther-channels. Perianth subglobose. pesca I. Mascarene Islands. Aerostylia Frapp. Column sbort yi Fh « : ea Er Rostellum or stigmatic processes 2- “cleft, eae of the aba not enclosed by a channel, but prolonged into solid processes. — Species 7. Central Africa. (Under Habenaria Willd.). . .- . Roeperocharis Reichb. 18. IQ. 24. 44. ORCHIDACEAE Rostellum and stigmatic processes entire, the former prolonged at the base into two Jateral anther-channels. . . . . 2 2 . . 18 Antherreflected; 1 Stigmaibroad. u. wuiiwuisel). en mob Anther erect. Stigma more or less slender. . . . 7 a Middle-lobe of the rostellum exceeding the side- slate lity lia entire, with a long spur. Petals broad.—Species 1. Southern West Africa. (Under Habenaria Willd.) . . . . . . Barlaea Reichb. fil. Middle-lobe of the rostellum equalling he side-lobes. Lip oblong or broader, usually lobed.—Species 40. Tropical and South-east Africa. (Cynosorchis Thouars, including Amphorchis Thouars, Hemiperis Frapp., and Camilleugenia Frapp.) . - . . . . Cynorehis Thouars . Stigmatic processes diverging at a right soe Spur short.—Species I. North-west Africa. (Tinea Biv.) . . . . .Neotinea Reichb. fil. Stigmatic processes nearly parallel—Species 210. (Including Bonatea Willd., Platycoryne Reichb., and Podandria Rolfe). Habenaria Willd. . (14.) Glands of the rostellum enclosed in I—2 pouches proceeding from the rostellum and persisting when the site are removed. [Subtribe SERAPIADINAE.] . . ir ae Glands of the rostellum er ay the processes ai the nen or naked, rarely covered by a thin pellicle proceeding from the rostellum and car- ried away with the glands upon removal. [Subtribe GYMNA- DENIINAE. | : wiiteci watt - Uepsialtes eee . Glands enclosed in 2 poets noun Lip not spurred, usually convex gibbous and hairy. — Species 10. North Africa. The tubers yield medicaments (salep) and mucilage. . atta tony Ophea Glands enclosed in a common pouch... a ur. 71 «water 4a beng eee . Glands 2, free. Lip spurred. — Species 20. North Africa. The tubers yield medicaments (salep) and mucilage . . . . . . Orehis L. Glands united into one. . . 2 ae Connective distinctly elongated. Rosen N Loin Lip not spurred; middle-lobe entire. — Species 4. North-west Africa. They yield medicaments and mucilagee . . . . . Serapias L. Connective not or scarcely elongated. Rostellum conical at the apex. Lip spurred, rarely without a spur, but then with a 2-cleft middle- lobe. rey is . 7 ee . Lip with a long spur And ie Feen ee the eee: sisi 3- lobed, flat in the bud.— Species 1. North-west Africa (Algeria). It yields medicaments and mucilage. (Under Orchis L.) Anacamptis Rich. Lip with a short spur or without a spur, with unequal lobes, bent inwards or rolled upin the bud. . . . ee: . Middle-lobe of the lip very long, strap- Shane, spirally weed in ae bud. — Species I. North-west Africa N. (Under Aceras R. Br. or Ortiig TH) ios, 0% lo. . . Himantoglossum Spreng. Middle-lobe of the lip misder die jokoe 2-cleft, bent over the anther in the bud. — Species 2. North Africa. (Including Barlia Parl.) Aceras R. Br. 29: 28. 29. 30. 3 32. 33 34. 36. 37: 44. ORCHIDACEAE 2 (21.) Glands of the rostellum transversely connate. Rostellum narrow. Stigmatic surface small. Basal appendages of the pollen-masses short. Column short. Lip with a short spur.—Species 40. Tropical and South Africa. (Including Bucculina Lindl., Deroemeria Reichb. fil., Monotris Lindl., Saccidium Lindl., Scopularia Lindl., and Tryphia Lindl.) Holothrix L. C. Rich. Glands of the rostellum free. . . ik 5,28 Glands large, surrounded by a thin nails, hie at from the rostellum and is removed together with the glands. Lip with a very short spur. Flowers very small. — Species I. Island of Réunion. Herminium L. Glands naked, rarely enclosed by processes of the anther, but then small. 29 Petals clawed ; blade deeply concave, fringed. Lip fringed, not spurred. — Species 4. South Africa. (Including Hallackia Harv.) Huttonaea Harv. Petals not clawed, flat or slightly concave. . . havrer i. 30 Rostellum forming a narrow fold between the ek elle; rn IGE Rostellum broad, triangular, placed below the anther-cells. . . . 33 Column short. Stigmatic surfaces convex. Lip shortly or not spurred. Flowers yellow or white.— Species 5. South Africa and southern East Africa. )(Schizochilas Sond.) .. . . . . +. Gymnadenia R. Br. Column long. Stigmatic surfaces concave. . . 32 Petals partly adnate to the column. Lip not Signi Beans il Del: subequal. — Species I. South Africa. (Under Brachycorythis Lindl.) Neobolusia Schlecht. Petals inserted below the column. — Species 25. Tropical and South Africa. (Including Schwartzkopffia Kraenzl., under Platanthera Rich.) Brachyeorythis Lindl. Pie pe ilsisctisevete chaideioiem@ rl) Dennis? 134 Lip without aspur. . . ee carge Lip 3-lobed, the side-lobes inilezed) covering the maith oi the spur. — Species 3. Madagascar. . . . . . Bieornella Lindl. Lip 3-lobed, with erect or lie Site Toben or undivided. . . 35 . Lip fringed. Anther-cells approximate and parallel. — Species 2. South Africa. ? . . . Bartholina R. Br. Lip entire or RE okkhieer es Aixefgcnis — Species 20. The tubers yield medicaments (salep) and mucilage. (Including Gennaria Parl., under Habenaria Willd.) . . . . . . . Platanthera L. C. Rich. Lip 3-lobed. Column with 2 basal staminodes. Basal appendages of the pollen-masses very short.— Species 3. South Africa and southern East Africa. ’ . . . Stenoglottis Lindl. Lip undivided. (Bkiteitens hen diskisiet a her — Species 2. Mada- gascar and Mascarenes . . . . . « Arnottia A. Rich. (I.) Pollen-masses soft, granular. peel usually per ER and withering. Inflorescence terminal. Leaves rolled up in the bud, with overlapping edges. Usually terrestrial herbs. [Tribe NEOTTIEAE] . . . 38 38. 39. 40. 41. 43. 44. 45. 44. ORCHIDACEAE Pollen-masses firm, waxy. Anthers usually deciduous. Inflorescence lateral, more rarely terminal, but then leaves folded lengthwise in the bud. . J 13553 Anther eek hia eeathy ER the een or abled and incum- bent upon the rostellum. Pollen-masses granular or powdery. Rostel- lum not distinctly notched after the removal of the pollen-masses, or not distinctly cohering with them. . . 39 Anther about equalling the rostellum, erect, sale ner but then pollen-masses divided into a number of large angular sections. Rostel- lum usually distinctly notched after the removal of the pollen-masses. 47 Lip distinctly articulated into 2—3 portions placed one behind the other. Anther erect. [Subtribe CEPHALANTHERINAE.] . . . . . . 40 Lip not distinctly articulated, embracing the column. Anther more or less cum bent!!!) at. | SO A eto ES Lip produced into a spur. Leaves replaced by scales. Plants of a violet colour.—Species 2. North-west Africa (Algeria). Limodorum L. C. Rich. Lip not distinctly spurred. Leaves perfectly developed. . . . . 4I Lip saccate at the base ; the terminal portion oblong and enclosed by the connivent sepals. — Species 1. North-west Africa (Algeria). Cephalanthera L. C. Rich. Lip concave, but not saccate at the base ; the terminal portion broad and projecting between the spreading sepals. —Species 4. North-west Africa and northern East Africa. (Helleborine Hill). Epipactis L. C. Rich. . Sepals and petals united below. Leafless herbs. [Subtribe GASTRO- ee Sepals and petals free . . es ge Sepals and petals united high up, very EN ee pace Per 2 gib- bosities at the base. Column short. Anther incumbent. Root-stock branched. Flowers large, in few-flowered spikes. — Species 1. West Africa (Cameroons). . . een Gastrodigck. Br. Sepals and petals united at ihe hase ily subequal. Lip spatulate, not gibbous. Column long. Anther suberect. Rootstock tuberous, spindle-shaped. Flowers very small, in many-flowered racemes. — Species 1. West Africa (Cameroons). . . . „Auxopus Schlecht. Stem climbing. Seed-coat crusty or winged. [Subtribe VANILLINAE.] 45 Stem erect. Seed-coat membranous, not winged. [Subtribe PoGo- NIUINAE] 2. SR LAS §, 2). E ae Lip adnate to the dentine: Fruit fleshy. Söadi oN iii Usually leafy plants. — Species 15. Tropics. Two of the species (especially V. planifolia Andr.) are cultivated for their fruits, which are used as condiments and for the preparation of perfumes. Some species are used as ornamental plants. . . 2... . . Vanilla Swartz lip not adnate to the column. Fruit dry. Beads winged. Leafless plants. — Species 1. Comoro Islands... . . . . . Galeola Lour. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53- 54. 44. ORCHIDACEAE 155 Lip spurred or saccate. Column short. Leaves wanting.—Species I. West Africa (Cameroons). (Under Epipogon Gmel.) Galera Blume Lip neither spurred nor saccate. Column long. Leaves stalked, usually separated from the flowering stem.— Species 10. Tropics to Transvaal. (Including A fostellis Thouars, under Pogonia Juss.) Nervilia Gaud. (38.) Pollen-masses divided into a moderate number of rather large, angular segments. Leaves not folded lengthwise. [Subtribe PHYSURINAE.] 48 Pollen-masses not divided into several large segments. . . . . 53 Pollen-masses connected with the glands of the rostellum by a strap-shaped stalk detached from the tissue of the rostellum. . . ot. 49 Pollen-masses or their a aa directly to tHe adits of the FOStEMUMAION TE, nun, AED | 50 Column with 2 narrow, erect arms. Sana sassy ised 6 the middle. Lip with two protuberances at the base and with a two-lobed blade. - == 4. West Africa, Madagascar, Comoro Islands. Cheirostylis Blume ~Column without erect arms, but sometimes auricled. Sepals free. — Species 9. Tropical and South-east Africa. (Including Monochilus Blume). s . . Zeuxine Lindl. Lip similar to tiie wane Seins, able Shey concave. Stigmas free, erect, one on each side of the rather long rostellum. —Species 2. Mada- gascar and Mascarene Islands. . . . . . Gymnochilus Blume Lip distinctly differing from the other petals. . . . aus, Sr Column long. Sepals connivent into a tube at the Babe Dip with an oblong blade. — Species 6. Comoro Islands, Seychelles, Natal, West Africa. BEI 7, AMATI. BIER THs PLEO I Platylepis A. Rich. Goltimn: short. 6 2600. ‘ ates Stigma with a papillose prahGnebance on Sieh ae Lip duberted at the base, with a distinctly limited broad blade. — Species 3. Mascarenes, Seychelles, Comoro Islands, and Cameroons. . . . Hetaeria Blume Stigma simple. Lip not tubercled, but sometimes hairy at the base ; blade not distinctly separated, undivided, bent back at the tip. — Species 3. Mascarene Islands and Madeira. Used as ornamental plants. Goodyera R. Br. (47.) Leaves firm, folded lengthwise. Flowers in panicles. Lip narrow below, broadened above. Pollen-masses affixed to a slender stalk arising from the rostellum ; gland peltate. —Species 2. Tropics. (Corym- bis Lindl.) [Subtribe TROPIDINAE.]) . . . Corymborehis Thouars Leaves soft, not folded, sometimes scale-like. Flowers in spikes. . 54 Sepals and petals united into a long tube. Lip uppermost, with 2 lateral appendages. Column elongated, two-winged. —Species 1. West Africa. [Subtribe CRANICHIDINAE.] . . . . . - Manniella Reichb. fil. Sepals and petals free or almost so, suberect. Lip below. Inflorescence one-sided. — Species 2. North-west Africa (Algeria). [Subtribe sPIRAN- Fein (eee ass io, Paap ade! yi Spree. ©: Rıchz 56 57: 58. 29: 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 44. ORCHIDACEAE . (37.) Inflorescence terminal. Leaves folded lengthwise before expansion. 56 Inflorescence lateral. . . . . ee a . Pollen-masses 8, without an REN Lip saccate at the base. Leaves jointed at the upper end of the sheath. Inflorescence head-like. — Species 1. Madagascar and Seychelles. [Tribe GLOMEREAE.] Agrostophyllum Blume Pollen-masses 2—4. . ia Column extended ei into a fade för ming with sie sae Pr the perianth a chin or spur. Pollen-masses attached to a short, sometimes scarcely perceptible stalk arising from the rostellum. IE epipbytic plants. PESbBSHsPOLYSTACHYEAE].ı. cosh: so ee Column not extended into a foot. Pollen: -masses an appendages. Sepals and petals usually bent backwards. [Tribe LIPARIDEAE.] 61 Lip spurred, 3-lobed. Pollen-masses 2, grooved. Leaves not jointed, linear. Joints of the stem swollen. — Species 6. South Africa. (Under Eulophia R. Br.) Pa Be a Acrolophia Pfitz. Lip not spurred. Leaves ud in 43 . 59 Lip undivided. Chin weakly developed. Column Khost ai ere Stem slender. — Species 1. German East Africa. . . Neobenthamia Rolfe Rip aHlabed. ese.) 3 :_N6R Lateral sepals forming with the cate a eels devalonas chin. Side-lobes of the lip embracing the column. Column slender. Stem slightly thickened. — Species 6. Tropical and South-east Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants. . . . . . . Ansellia Lindl. Lateral sepals forming with the column a ale developed chin. Side- lobes of the lipsmall. Column short and broad. Stem usually thickened into pseudo bulbs. — Species120. Tropical and South Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants. (Including cash Lindl. 4 Polystachya Lindl. Anther erect. Leaves not jointed. . . outta Anther inclined to horizontal. . . 63 Anther adnate to the rostellum ; cells ande a ging, or laterale Column long. — Species 1. West Africa. . . . . Orestia Ridl. Anther deciduous, opening inwards. Column a Lip uppermost.— Species 4. West Africa and Comoro Islands. ‘ Mierostylis Nutt. Leaves not jointed. Lip more or less distinctly clawed. Column slender.— Species 30. Tropical and South Africa. . . . Liparis L..C. Rich. Leaves jointed between sheath and blade. Lip not distinctly clawed. 64 Stem with pseudobulbs. Leaf-blade horizontally flattened. — Species I. Mascarene Islands. (Cestichis Thouars, under Liparis Rich.) Stichorehis Thouars Stem without pseudobulbs. Leaf-blade placed vertically, fleshy. Lip uppermost, concave at the base.— Species 1. Tropics. Oberonia Lindl. (55.) Leaves with convolute praefoliation (i.e. rolled lengthwise in the bud, one edge overlapping the other). Stem not swollen, or several joints of the stem equally thickened. Mostly terrestrial herbs. . . . 66 60. 67. 68. 60. 70. aL. 73: 44. ORCHIDACEAE 157 Leaves with conduplicate praefoliation (i.e. folded together along the mid- rib in the bud, their edges being applied to each other without over- lapping). Mostly epiphytic herbs. wat: BA Pollen-masses 2—4, without appendages, Sache to ne aiahids of the rostellum by a stalk produced from the latter. Leaves usually jointed. [Tribe CYRTOPODIEAE.] ae EGE Pollen-masses 8, appendaged, without a shale proaueed Hoi the Bereit Leaves usually continuous. [Tribe PHAIEAE.| SAERTRNE QUT E77 Lip produced into a spur or pouch atthe base. . . . . . . . 68 Lip without aspuror pouch. . . . . 69 Sepals narrower and less coloured than ie ate er eseckad) Petals erect or spreading. — Species 90. Tropical and South Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants. . . . . . . Lissochilus R. Br. Sepals and petals equal or nearly so, spreading. — Species 130. Tropical and South Africa. Some species yield medicaments (salep) and mucilage or serve as ornamental plants. ur Cyrtopera Lindl. and Ortho- chilus Hochst.) lach Me Enlophla..R.: Br. Column with 2 basal lobes orte upon Mike base of the lip. — Species 4. East Africa Bras. ise et) Bteroglossaspis Reichb. fil. Column without Saal Er TE Lip and lateral sepals inserted on the feat oe the Col he ae with a narrow, the latter with a broad base. — Species 1. Madagascar. Eulophiella Rolfe Lip inserted on the foot of the column, the lateral sepals on the margin of the ovary, both with a narrow base. — Species 1. Madagascar and Mascarene Islands. The pseudobulbs yield mucilage. Cyrtopodium R. Br. Leaves jointed at the upper end of the sheath. Inflorescence 2—3-flowered. Lip slightly saccate. Colum rather long, with short, roundish wings. Pollen-masses affixed to a single appendage. — Species 2. West Africa. Used as ornamental plants. (Under Pachystoma Reichb. fil.) Aneistrochilus Rolfe Leaves not jointed. Inflorescence usually he A wns Lip clasping the column or adnate to it, usually spurred. . . Me . Lip adnate to the column ; blade spreading, 3—4- SWS Chain sided _- Species 9. Tropical and South Africa. Some are used as ornamental BEINEN). mel >; 7. ae, © Calanthe: R.' Br. Lip free, clasping the citar or iieadlyy concave at the base. Column slender. — Species 7. Madagascar and neighbouring islands, West Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants or yield dye-stuffs. Phaius Lour. (65.) Leafy stems with indeterminate apical growth; side-shoots weakly developed or wanting. Inflorescences or solitary flowers axillary. Epiphytes without pseudobulbs. Lip continuous with the base of the column. [Tribe SARCANTHEAE, subtribe AERIDINAE.] . . 74 74. 75: 76. 77: 78. 79: 80. 81. 44. ORCHIDACEAE Leafy stems with determinate apical growth ; annual shoots arising later- ally at their base and forming a sympodium. Mostly epiphytes with pseudobulbs. Lip more or less distinctly articulated with the foot of the golumns;tt .=i |. \ nic Ip ei eee ora ol Lip not spurred. Sepals and ei: long er narrow, spreading. Pollen- masses without an appendage. Leaves broad.— Species 2. Island of Reno naalwi as. codon Deo lenges, 4 See Yan sparzed.'... \.,.34 1.0 irre NA wn TS Lateral sepals inserted on the foot of the column, forming a chi) Lip entire, smooth, shortly spurred. — Species 10. Madagascar and neigh- bouring islands, Cameroons. Some are used as ornamental plants. Aeranthus Lindl. Lateral sepals inserted on the apex of the ovary. Column not prolonged a IB. et BUR van 28 A Pollen-masses upon a Fe sometimes 2 cleft or almost imperceptible Be, lt Pi Pollen-masses with 2 ER high are ere digemaet or : ane by the ol NE I I al, u CE PR te Stalk of the pollen-masses 2-cleft. — Species Io. Bee: and the neighbouring islands, West Africa. (Including Ancistrorhynchus Finet, Dicranotaenia Finet, and Monixus Finet, under Angrecum Thouars). Aerangis Reichb. fil. Stalk of the pollen-masses simple. . . 9. = en... Stalk of the pollen-masses broadened above or a sometimes almost imperceptible. Lip with a long and thin spur. — Species 120. Tropical and South Africa. Some are used as ornamental or medicinal plants. (Including Lepervenchea Cord., Radinocion Ridl., and Rhaphi- dorhynchus Finet). . . . . . . Angreeum Thouars Stalk of the pollen-masses TELE hee ne uate 8 Te be) ie Lip hood-shaped, entire, covering the column. Sepals and petals conni- vent.— Species 1. West Africa (Cameroons). (Under Angrecum Thou. Or sacccraorum Blume). . . ... ao. Calyptrochilus Kraenzl. Lip not covering the column. . . pee Lip directed upwards. Flowers den Be N en 4. Mada- gascar and neighbouring islands, Equatorial East Africa. Used as ornamental plants. (Under Saccolabium Blume). Acampe Lindl. Lip directed downwards. — Species 3. Madagascar and neighbouring islands, West Africa. Used as ornamental plants. Saeeolabium Blume Pollen-masses affixed to the surface of two oblong scales. Lip entire, with a long spur.— Species 20. Madagascar and neighbouring islands, West Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants. (Under Angrecum Ihau.) fe. ops ‘ I ERRTE Macroplectrum Pfitz. Pollen-masses nn to en a scale-like, but sometimes very short Staats ade: ART oem > seth Stee eee 82. 83. 84. 85. 86, 88. go. 91. 44. ORCHIDACEAE 159 Gland of the rostellum covered by scales. Petals 2—4-lobed. Lip with a long spur, a clawed 3—5-lobed middle-lobe, and incurved sickle- shaped side-lobes. — Species 1. Madagascar and Mascarenes. Cryptopus Lindl. Gland of the rostellum without scales. . . . cpatinik «83 Lip with a short, conical spur ; side-lobes embracing be en — Species 9. Madagascar and neighbouring islands. (Aeonia Lindl.) Oeonia Lindl. Lip with a long, thread- or club-shaped spur. . . OT RB 84 Sepals unequal, the lateral much longer than the radile one, united with the petals above. Lip ar 3-cleft. Stem climbing. — Species I, 4 German East Africa; ./ . . . „ Angrecopsis Kraenzl. Sepals and petals subequal, free. . . EEE Sepals and petals erect. Lip entire. Pollen: -masses re very short stalks. — Species 1. Island of Réunion. (Pectinaria Cord., under Angrecum Thou. Macroplectrum Pfitz. or Mystacidium Lindl.) Ctenorchis K. Schum. Sepals and petals spreading. . . «- ‘86 Column bent backwards. Stalks of the a masses ae bs a com- mon gland.— Species 70. Tropical and South Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants. (Plate 26.) . . . Listrostachys Reichb. fil. Column straight. Stalks of the pollen-masses usually attached to two separate glands.— Species 40. Tropical and South Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants. (Including Gussonia A. Rich.) Mystacidium Lindl. . (73.) Pollen-masses 2, grooved, with a large transverse appendage at the base, attached to the gland of the rostellum by a broad stalk. Lip usually large. Pseudobulbs formed by several internodes, rarely by a single one or wanting. [Tribe CYMBIDIEAE.] . ... . 88 Pollen-masses 4, rarely 2, without an appendage and usually without a stalk. Lip usually small. Pseudobulbs formed by a single internode, Pete Reed 76 oe ss 92 Lip distinctly spurred. ae ee ee Lipnokdistmetlyspüsted, .. . . Kin GO . Pollen-masses grooved. Stem with a ed re 5. Madagas- car and Mascarenes. (Under Eulophia R. Br.) . Eulophiopsis Pfitz. Pollen-masses not grooved. Stem without pseudobulbs.—Species I. Madagascar. . . .. . Lemurorchis Kraenzl. Pollen-masses attached td Hs NN of the stalk. Stem slender, without pseudobulbs, many-leaved.— Species 1. Madagascar. Used as an ornamental plant. . . . . . Grammatophyllum Blume Pollen-masses attached to a common stalk without processes. Stem with more or less distinct pseudobulbs. . . . ET Pseudobulbs enveloped by the sheaths of the jean es rise below and upon them. — Species 4. Madagascar. Used as ornamental plants. Cymbidium Swartz 160 44. ORCHIDACEAE — 45. CASUARINACEAE Pseudobulbs bearing leaves at the top only, hence not enveloped by sheaths. Lateral sepals forming with the foot of the column a distinct chin. — Species 2. Madagascar. Used as ornamental plants. Grammangis Reichb. fil. 92. Pollen-masses attached to a scale-like stalk. Lip spurred, 3-lobed.—- Species 2. West Africa. Used as ornamental plants. (Under Eulophia R. Br.) [Tribe MAXILLARIEAE.] . . . . Eulophidium Pfitz. Pollen-masses without a stalk, rarely with a linear stalk. Lip small, not distinctly spurred, usually entire. [Tribe BOLBOPHYLLEAE.] 93 93. Pollen-masses with a stalk. Lateral sepals somewhat longer than the dorsal one. Flowers in racemes. Stem creeping. — Species 3. West Africa. (Under Bolbophyllum Thou. or Polystachya Lindl.) Genyorchis Schlecht. Pollen-masses without a stalk. .. 2.7. Wr WER SE 94. Lateral sepals much longer than the dorsal one, free at the base, united towards the tip. Inflorescence almost umbel-like. — Species 1. Mada- gascar, Mascarenes, East Africa. Used as an ornamental plant. (Under Bolbophyllum Thou.) a . . . Cirrhopetalum Lindl. Lateral sepals shorter or somewhat ae than the dorsal one or equalling it, free or almost so. Flowers in spikes or racemes, rarely solitary. 95 95. Lateral sepals much shorter than the dorsal one. Inflorescence with a dilated, almost leaf-like rachis. — Species 40. Tropical and South-East Africa. Some species are used as ornamental plants. Megaelinium Lindl. Lateral sepals about as long as or longer than the dorsal one. Inflorescence with a cylindrical rachis.—Species go. Tropical and South-East Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants. (Bulbophyllum Thou.) Bolbophyllum Thouars CLASS V. DICOTYLEDONEAE SUBCLASS ARCHICHLAMYDEAE (APETALAE AND CHORIPETALAE) ORDER VERTICILLATAE FAMILY 45. CASUARINACEAE Trees or shrubs. Leaves scale-like, whorled, united into a sheath. Flowers unisexual, the male in spikes, the female in heads. Perianth of the male flowers consisting of two scales, in the female absent. Stamen ı. Anther opening by two longitudinal slits. Ovary r1-celled. Ovules 2, ascending, straight. Style very short, with 2 thread-shaped stigmas. Fruit dry, inde- hiscent, enclosed by woody bracteoles. Seed 1, without albumen. Embryo straight ; radicle superior. PIPERACEAE. PLOW. PL. AFR, J. Fleischmann del. Piper guineense Schum. A Fruiting branch. B Part of the female spike with two flowers and their bracts. C Female flower cut lengthwise PR 2 SALICACEAE. FLOW. PL. AFR. Pl. 28. J. Fleischmann del. Salix Safsaf Forsk. AFruiting branch. B Part of a flowering branch C Male flower. D Female flower cut lengthwise. EFruit. F Seed cut lengthwise. 45. CASUARINACEAE — 40. PIPERACEAE — 47. SALICACEAE 161 Genus I, species 2. Spontaneous in Madagascar and the neighbouring islands, cultivated in other tropical countries. The wood (beaf-wood) and the bark are used, the latter for tanning and dyeing and in medicine. Casuarina Rumph. ORDER PIPERALES FAMILY 46. PIPERACEAE Flowers in spikes. Perianth none. Stamens 2—6. Ovary I-celled. Ovule I, basal, straight. Fruit a berry. Seed with a copious albumen and a small embryo.—Genera 3, species 80. Tropical and South Africa. (Plate 27.) I. Stigma I, sometimes penicillate. Flowers hermaphrodite. Leaves ex- stipulate. Herbs.—Species 65. Tropical and South Africa. Some yield vegetables or condiments or are used in medicine. Peperomia Ruiz & Pay. Stigmas 2—5. Leaves stipulate or sheathing at the base. Usually i An. Me Pes lf. ee. 2 2. Flowers hermaphrodite. Spikes axillary, arranged in an umbel. Stipules united into a sheath. Shrubs.—-Species 1. Tropics. Yields edible fruits containing an aromatic oil and is also used in medicine. (Under Pia Cane. ie poate [Ore izoo.-..) 7 Heckeria Kunth Flowers unisexual or polygamous. Spikes leaf-opposed. — Species 17, two of them only in cultivation. Tropical and South Africa. Some species vield spices (pepper) or are used in medicine. (Including Cocco- bryon Klotzsch and Cubeba Miq.) (Plate 27.) Piper L. ORDER SALICALES FAMILY 47. SALICACEAE Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, entire toothed or lobed, stipulate. Flowers in spikes or catkins, dioecious, without a perianth. Disc cup-shaped or reduced to scales. Stamens 2 or more. Anthers opening by two longi- tudinal slits. Ovary I-celled, with two or more parietal placentas. Ovules _ inverted. Stigmas 2—4, sessile or nearly so. Fruit capsular. Seeds with a basal tuft of hairs, without albumen; embryo straight.—Genera 2, species 20. (Plate 28.) Disc cup- or urn-shaped. Stamens 4—30. Bracts jagged. Leaves, at least those of the uppermost branches, broad (ovate or broader). Buds terminal and lateral, covered by several scales. — Species 6. North and East Africa. They yield timber, dyes, and medicaments. “ Poplar.” Populus L. Disc reduced to one or several scales or teeth sometimes cohering at the base. Bracts entire. Leaves narrow or rather broad (linear to ovate). Buds lateral, covered by a single scale. — Species 15, two of them only naturalized. They yield timber, plaiting-, stuffing-, and tanning-materials, and medicaments. “ Willow.” (Plate 28.) . . . . ~. Salix L. L 162 48. MYRICACEAE — 49. JUGLANDACEAE — 50. BETULACEAE ORDER MYRICALES FAMILY 48. MYRICACEAE Trees shrubs or undershrubs. Leaves undivided, without stipules. Flowers in simple or compound spikes,-unisexual, without a perianth, but usually with 2—6 bracteoles. Stamens 2—12, usually 4. Anthers opening by two longi- tudinal slits. Ovary t-celled. Ovule I, erect, straight. Styles 2, united at the base, thread-shaped, stigmatose on the inside. Fruit a drupe. Seed with a thin coat and a straight embryo, without albumen. (Plate 29.) Genus I, species 25. Tropical and South Africa, Canary Islands, Azores. They yield bark for tanning, wax, and edible fruits, and are also used in’ “medicine, . 24.27 265 10 dr. RE 2 VIEL a ORDER JUGLANDALES FAMILY 49. JUGLANDACEAE Trees. Leaves alternate, unequally pinnate, without stipules. Flowers in spikes or catkins, monoecious, with bracteoles which are adnate to the ovary in the female flowers. Perianth 3—4-parted. Stamens numerous. Anthers opening by two longitudinal slits. Ovary inferior, I-celled. Ovule 1, basal, straight. Styles 2, united at the base, stigmatose lengthwise. Fruit a drupe with an incompletely septate stone. Seed lobed, with a thin coat, without albumen. Genus I, species 2. Cultivated in North Africa. They yield timber, tans and dyes, edible fruits (walnuts), oil, sugar, and medicaments. Juglans L, ORDER FAGALES FAMILY 50. BETULACEAE Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, undivided, stipulate. Flowers monoe- cious, in spikes or catkins, with a perianth of bract-like segments or without a perianth. Stamens 4. Ovary 2-celled at the base. Ovules solitary in each cell, descending, inverted. Styles 2. Fruit a nut. Seed I, exalbuminous, with a membranous coat.—Genera 2, species 2. Extra-tropical regions. (Under CUPULIFERAE.) Male flowers without a perianth, with 2-parted filaments and hairy anthers. Female flowers with a small perianth and a jagged involucre free from the bract but adnate to the fruit. Fruit large. Female spikes bud- shaped, solitary. Leaves folded at the mid-rib in the bud.—Species I (C. Avellana L., hazel). Cultivated and naturalized in North-west Africa. Fruits edible. [Tribe CORYLEAE.] . . Corylus Tourn. Male flowers with a 4-parted perianth, simple filaments, and glabrous anthers. Female flowers without a perianth, enclosed by a 5-parted involucre formed by the connate bracts and bracteoles. Fruit small. Female spikes cone-shaped, at length woody, arranged in racemes. Leaves BLOW. PL. AFR. J. Fleischmann del. A Fruiting branch B Male inflorescence. MYRICACEAE. Myrica conifera Burm. fil. C Male flower. D Group of fruits. E Female flower. F Ovary cut lengthwise. G Fruit, H Fruit cut lengthwise ULMACEAE. FLOW.’PL."AFR. Pl. 30. J. Fleischmann del. Trema guineensis Schum. A Flowering branch. B Male flower cut lengthwise. C Female flower cut lengthwise. D Fruit cut lengthwise. 0. BETULACEAE -— 5I. FAGACEAE — 52. ULMACEAE 16 a) = folded along the side-nerves in the bud.— Species 1 (A. glutinosa L., alder). North-west Africa, also naturalized in South Africa. Yields timber and bark for tanning. [Tribe BETULEAE.] Alnus Tourn. FAMILY 51. FAGACEAE Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, undivided lobed or pinnately cleft, stipulate. Flowers in spikes or catkins, monoecious. Perianth-segments 4—7, bract-like, more or less united. Stamens 4—20. Ovary inferior, 3—6-celled at the base. Ovules 2 in each cell, descending, inverted. Styles 3—6. Fruit a nut surrounded by a cup-shaped involucre. Seeds without albumen.— Genera 2, species 9. Extra-tropical regions. (Under CUPULIFERAE.) Male flowers in fascicles arranged in erect spikes. Female flowers in clusters of 3, surrounded by an involucre. Filaments long. Styles 6, thread- shaped. Fruit enclosed in a prickly involucre. Leaves serrate.—Species I (C. vulgaris Lam., chestnut). North-west Africa. Yields timber, bark for tanning, and edible fruits from which starch and oil are prepared. Castanea Tourn. Male flowers in simple, pendulous catkins. Female flowers each surrounded by an involucre. Filaments short. Styles 3, rarely 4—5, flattened. Fruit seated in a scaly, cup-shaped involucre.— Species 8. North-west Africa ; one species also introduced into South Africa. They yield timber, cork, tanning and dyeing materials, chemical and medicinal drugs, starch,and fodder ; some have edible fruits. “Oak.” . Quereus L. ORDER URTICALES FAMILY 52. ULMACEAE Trees or shrubs. Juice not milky. Leaves simple, stipulate. Flowers axillary, solitary or in cymes. Perianth simple, with 3—8 segments. Stamens as many as and opposite the perianth-segments, rarely more, straight in the bud. Anthers opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, I-celled, very rarely (Ulmus) 2-celled. Ovule 1, pendulous, inverted. Styles or stigmas -I—2. Fruit anutoradrupe. Seed with a membranous coat and with scanty albumen or without albumen. — Genera 5, species 35. (Under URTICA- CEAE.) (Plate'3o.\ I. Stamens twice or thrice as many as the perianth-segments. Stigma I. Flowers dioecious. Perianth much enlarged in fruit. Leaves opposite Species I. Abyssinia. [Subfamily BARBEYOIDEAE. | Barbeya Schweint. Stamens as many as the perianth-segments. Stigmas 2. Flowers monoe- cious polygamous er hermaphrodite. Leaves alternate. . . 2 2. Fruit a compressed, winged nut. Embryo straight; cotyledons flat. Flower-clusters in the axils of scale-like bracts. — Species I (U. cam- pestris L., elm). North-west Africa. Yields timber, bast, tanning and dyeing materials, and medicaments. [Subfamily ULMOIDEAE. | Ulmus L. 164 52. ULMACEAE — 53. MORACEAE Fruit a more or less globular drupe. Embryo curved ; cotyledons folded or rolled inwards. Flower-clusters or solitary flowers usually in the axils of the leaves. [Subfamily CELTIDOIDEAE. | 6 ted Se 3. Stipules united. Leaves entire, penninerved. Spiny shrubs. Flowers unisexual. Perianth-segments of the male flowers valvate in the bud. Embryo with narrow cotyledons.— Species 4. Tropical and South Africa. < +» «© » + er... Johipetdeme Planch SE ErzuE Stipules free. Leaves usually 3-nerved. Spineless shrubs or trees. Flowers usually polygamous. Perianth-segments imbricate in bud, atleastattheapex. . . Pew se ye 4. Embryo with narrow Be Perianth-segments imbricate at the apex only. Flowers almost sessile. — Species 10. Tropical and South Africa. Some species yield timber, fibre, tanning and dyeing materials, and medicaments. (Sonia Commers.) (Plate 30.) Trema Lour. Embryo with broad cotyledons. Perianth-segments imbricate. Stigmas feathery. Upper flowers upon long stalks. — Species 20. Some of them yield timber, bast, tanning and dyeing materials, oil, medicaments, and edible Trmts. ~ Nettle-tree”. „ . ..Lu.. , i FAMILY 53. MORACEAE Juice usually milky. Leaves stipulate. Flowers unisexual. Peiianth simple or wanting. Stamens as many as and opposite the perianth-segments or fewer, I—6. Anthers opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary I-celled. Ovule I, pendulous, inverted or curved, rarely erect and straight. Styles I—2. — Genera 26, species 260. (Under URTICACEAE or ULMACEAE.) (Plate 31.) I. Stamens of the male flowers bent inwards in the bud, subsequently bent backwards. Ovule pendulous. Leaves folded in bud. Stipules not leaving a stem-clasping scar. [Subfamily MOROIDEAE.] . . 2 Stamens of the male flowers straight from the beginning. . . . . 14 2. Flowers in lax cymes consisting of one female flower and several male ones. Perianth with a distinct tube. Stamens 4. Style 2-cleft. Trees. Leaves undivided. — Species 1. Madagascar. (Tribe FATOUEAE.) Bleekrodia Blume Flowers arranged in spike- raceme- or head-like inflorescences or collected upon flattened receptacles. . . . 3 3. Flowers on flattened and more or less na ee van in spike-like inflorescences : in the latter case, as usually, male and female flowers in the same inflorescence. Stamens I—4, usually 2. [Tribe DORSEENEAE.] .. .°5. & . . a Flowers in spike- raceme- or head-like, un en (containing only male or only female flowers), rarely female flowers solitary. Sta- mens 4.1. Trees: or shrubs.i;. 1... oS; je 4. Flowers in false spikes containing male na kabel A or male ones only. Perianth 4-partite. Stamens 4. Trees. Leaves undivided.— Species I. East Africa. tteaiinlaarte bites’ a Sloetiopsis Engl. Hlowers on flattened receptacles, . . 0. 1.0.02 2 ee MORACEAE. PLOW, PL. AFR: Pl: 33 RE — 5, N .\ Dorstenia elliptica Bureau A Plant in flower. B Inflorescence. C Inflorescence cut lengthwise. D Young male flower. E Older male lower. F Female flower cut lengthwise. J. Fleischmann del. URTICACEAE. FLOW. PL. AFR. Pl. 32. J. Fleischmann del. Fleurya aestuans Gaudich. AFlowering branch, B Male flower, C Older female flower. D Pistil cut lengthwise. E Fruit cut lengthwise. 10. Ir. 53. MORACEAE 165 . Inflorescences unisexual, the lateral containing many male flowers, the middle one a single female flower. Receptacle covered on the outside by imbricate bracts. Male flowers with a 3—4-partite perianth and 3—4 stamens. Female flowers without a perianth. Trees or shrubs. Leaves undivided. — Species 2. Central Africa. Mesogyne Engl. Inflorescences bisexual, containing many male flowers and one or several female ones, usually provided with bracts on the margin only. Perianth 2-lobed or wanting. Stamens 2, rarely I or 3. . 6 . Receptacles top-shaped, subsequently cupular, DEREN many re Ba and a single central female flower. Pericarp membranous. Shrubs. Leaves undivided. — Species 5. Central Africa. Trymatococeus Poepp. & Endl. Receptacles expanded, often divided into linear segments, bearing many male flowers and several female ones. Pericarp crusty within, fleshy outside. Herbs or low shrubs. — Species 50. Tropies. Some are poisonous or used medicinally. (Plate 31.) . . . . Dorstenia L. . Female flowers solitary, axillary ; male flowers in spike-like inflorescences. Perianth 4-toothed. Trees. Leaves undivided.— Species 1. Island of Réunion. Used medicinally. [Tribe STREBLEAE | Maillardia Frapp. & Duchartre Female flowers in spike- or head-like inflorescences. . . . . . 8 . Female flowers in head-like, but sometimes elongated (oblong) inflores- cences, the male in spike- raceme- or head-like ones. Style simple, with a thread-shaped stigma, rarely with an abortive side-branch. Tees iiber BROUSSONETIEAE. | rd u DEREN Sg Female and male flowers in spike-like Mick Perianth of the female flowers divided to the base. Style 2-parted, with thread-shaped, equal or subequal stigmas. [Tribe MÖREAE.]) . . . 9. 57922 . Maie flowers in head-like inflorescences. Perianth of the flowers 4-lobed. Spinous plants. — Species I. East Africa and Madagascar. It yields a dye-wood and edible fruits. (Under Plecosperm:ım Trecul) Cardiogyne Bur. Male flowers in spike- or raceme-like inflorescences. . . . . . . IO Male flowers in lax, raceme-like inflorescences. Spinous plants. Leaves entire. Perianth of the female flowers deeply 4-cleft, persistent and enclosing the fruit. — Species I. Cultivated in North Africa. The wood is used for joiners’ work, the leaves as food for silkworms. Maelura Nutt. Male flowers in dense, spike-like inflorescences. Spineless plants. . . II Perianth of the’female flowers deeply 4-cleft or 4-parted. Fruit wholly, or for the greatest part, enclosed by the perianth. Leaves undivided. — Species 2. Central Africa. They yield timber. Chlorophora Gaud. Perianth of the female flowers shortly toothed. Fruit overtopping the perianth. Leaves usually lobed. — Species 1 (B. papyrifera Vent., paper-mulberry). Cultivated in North Africa. Used for making paper ; the fruit is edible. . . - . = . =. +. +. Broussonetia Vent. 160 14. 16. EI: 18. 53. MORACEAE 2. Stipules united. Leaves entire, with numerous transverse nerves. Ovary subglobose. Seed with leaf-like, folded cotyledons. Shrubs. — Species 2. Madagascar. ar toby sight. rd etePaehyifveniigeas Stipules free. ise ! ee . Leaves entire, Dem RE ae core RR without albumen ; embryo with thick cotyledons Trees. — Species 2. Madagas- er, alun. : . . . . Ampalis Boj. Leaves footed 3- ee at the ER Oral ovoid or subglobose. Seed with copious albumen. — Species 3. Cultivated and naturalized in various regions. They yield timber, food for silkworms, edible fruits (mulberries), dyes, and medicaments. - . . Morus L. (I.) Ovule erect, straight. Trees. Leaves iolded 4 in the bud. Stipules leaving an annular scar. (Subfamily CONOCEPHALOIDEAE.] 15 Ovule pendulous, curved or inverted. Woody plants with the leaves rolled inwards in the bud, or herbaceous plants. . . . hi . Leaves divided into 1I—15 segments. Male flowers in ice heads arranged in cymes; perianth with a distinct tube. Stamen 1. Female flowers upon a flattened, ovate receptacle. Style long. — Species I (M. Smithii R. Br.). West Africa to the Upper Nile. Yields timber (co1k-wood) and edible fruits. The aerial roots contain much water. Musanga R. Br. Leaves undivided, 3-lobed, or 5—7-parted. Male flowers in false spikes or heads arranged in cymes; perianth divided quite or nearly to the base. Stamens 2—4. Female flowers in globose or subglobose false heads. Style short. — Species 8. Central Africa. Some species yield timber or edible fruits. AGE . . . Myrianthus Beauv. Flowers in cymes arranged in Arne or ae Fruit dry. Herbs. Leaves palmately lobed or dissected. Stipules free. [Subfamily CANNABOIDEAE. | J isl |.. 2cmarinupsdse 10 ise Flowers upon a globe-, club-, disc-, or cup-shaped receptacle. Herbs with undivided, lanceolate, penninerved leaves, or more frequently shrub: or trees. Leaves undivided or lobed, coiled in the bud. Stipules usually united and leaving a Be scar. Ba ARTO- CARPOIDEAE. | Lo 'ARS oa hh Stem twining. Leaves Be doit or sii upper ones undivided. Female flowers in catkins. Embryo spirally twisted, with narrow coty- ledons. — Species I (H. Lupulus L., hop). Cultivated in the extra- tropical regions. It is used for making beer, as a vegetable and a fibre- plant, and in medicine. . . . « » Humklzzz Stem erect. Leaves opposite N alikiinaike ane dissected. Female flowers in panicles. Embryo curved, with broad cotyledons. — Species 1 (C. sativa L., hemp). Cultivated in various regions. It yields fibre, oil, and an intoxicating drug (hashish). . . . . Cannabis Tourn. Flowers enclosed within a pouch-shaped, usually bisexual receptacle pro- vided at the top with a small opening surrounded by bracts. Embryo curved. Shrubs or ‘trees. — Species 160. Some of them yield timber, 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 53. MORACEAE 167 bast-fibres, bark for clothing, india-rubber, shellac, vegetables, medica- ments, and edible fruits (especially the figs, from F. carica L.) which are also used for making brandy and a substitute for coffee. Some species are poisonous or serve as ornamental plants. [Tribe FICEAE.] Ficus L. Flowers collected on a globe-, club-, disc-, or cup-shaped receptacle. 19 Receptacles more or less cup-shaped, containing many male flowers and a single central female one. Stamen 1. Embryo straight. [Tribe BROSINGEAR Yl. und addy. FERNER: Receptacles of two kinds, some ei tale ale fica es) the others only female or many female intermixed with several male. Shrubs o1 IBRES.) 20s : 4722 Perianth Beides are Gaon 8 or ee — Species 3. Equatorial West Africa. (Including Cyatanthus Engl.) Seyphosyce Baill. Perianth not distinctly developed. Ovary immersed in and adnate to the Recemtacie.. Lreesi. = OR Receptacles covered with Dee es on er hal ne Male flowers with, female without bracts. — Species 2. West Africa (Congo). Bosqueiopsis De Wild. & Dur. Receptacles bearing bracts on the margin only. Female flowers with. male without bracts. — ER 6. Tropics. Some yield timber and dye-stufis. By . . . . Bosqueia Thouars Male flowers on a ae or concave NR Pa numerous bracts on the edge or the whole surface ; female floweıs on a similar receptacle or solitary. [Tribe OLMEDIEAE.] al «foo ; avel 23 Male flowers on a globular or club-shaped wa ne: Bd at the base only and between the flowers, or destitute of bracts ; female flowers on a more or less globular receptacle. [Tribe ARTOCARPEAE.] 24 Male inflorescences many-flowered, discoid; female 1-flowered. Male flowers with, female without a perianth. — Species 3. Central Africa. Poisonous, used medicinally, and yielding timber and fibre. Antiaris Leschen. Male and female inflorescences many-flowered, more or less concave. Male flowers without, female with a perianth. — Species 2. Cultivated in the tropics. Yielding india-rubber. . . . «. Gastilloa Cerv. Inflorescences without bracts at the base. Eildyfete monoecious. Stamen I. — Species 2. Cultivated in the tropics. They yield timber, bark used for making cloth, bast-fibres, mucilage, starch, edible fruits, and medicaments. ‘* Breadfruit tree.’ ind Artocarpus Forst. Inflorescences with some bracts at the base. Flowers dioecious. Stamens i). : z h : 25 . Female flowers Bei ey i Eu rows * very RR bracts or perianth-segments, not intermixed with male flowers. — Species I. Equatorial West Africa (Cameroons). . . Aecanthotreeulia Engl. 168 53. MORACEAE — 54. URTICACEAE Female flowers surrounded by subequal bracts and intermixed with some male flowers. — Species 9. Tropics. Some species have edible seeds from which also oil and meal are prepared. . . . Treeulia Decne. FAMILY 54. URTICACEAE Juice not milky. Leaves usually stipulate. Flowers unisexual, rarely ‚Parietaria) polygamous Perianth simple, with I—5 segments, sometimes wanting in the female flowers. Stamens in the male flowers as many as per- ianth-segments. Filaments broadened at the base, bent inwards in the bud. Anthers attached by the back, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary r-celled. Ovule I, erect or ascending, straight. Style ı or o. Fruit indehiscent. Seed with a thin coat and a straight embryo, usually albuminous. — Genera 20, species 150. (Plate 32.) I. Stamen 1. Perianth of the male flowers entire or divided in 2—3 segments, of the female entire 4-toothed or wanting. Stigma linear. Herbs or undershrubs, rarely shrubs. Hairs not stinging. Stipules free. [Tribe FORSKOHLEAE.), ©.» . os hud Alena CR, "1 Se Stamens 2—5. UM, 4 2. Flower-clusters without an ini ite et siietihdiä en woolly a Female flowers with a perianth. -— Species 4. South and East Africa. ‘Didymowoxa E.Mey.) . . . . . . . Australina Gaudich. Flower-clusters with an involucre ER usually surrounded by woolly hairs. Female flowers withouta perianth . . . 3 3. Involucral bracts free or united at the base ui Stem wor Herb undershrubs or shrubs. — Species 5. . . . «| Forskoblea L. Involucral bracts united high up. Stem biclbauic Herbs or undershrubs. — Species 5. Tropical and South Africa. Droguetia Gaudich. 4. Stipules absent. Leaves alternate, entire. Plants without stinging hairs. ‘Female flowers in glomerules surrounded by an involucre ; perianth 4- cleft. [Tribe PARIETARIEAE.] aA Ae Stipules present, very rarely rudimentary, but ae bodied ton tied: Lot ie . Stem herbaceous. Flowers polygamous. Stigma spatulate and recurved. — Species 8. Some are used in medicine. “‘ Pellitory.” Parietaria Tourn. Stem woody. Flowers unisexual. Stigma linear. — Species 1. Canary | > En SERIE Gesnouinia Gaudich. 6. Plants with stinging nats, very Hardly (Fleurya) almost glabrous, and then stigma linear-oblong and shortly papillose and perianth of the female flowers 3—4-partite. Perianth-segments of the female flowers 4, rarely I—3. Embryo with orbicular cotyledons. [Tribe ae Fi Plants without stinging hairs.' , ©. IH) sr GOR um JOT are 7. Fruit straight. Stigma penicillate. Leaves opposite. Herden — Species 10. They yield material for spinning and paper-making and are used as pot-herbs and in medicine. ‘“‘ Nettle.” ; . Urtiea Gaudich. Fruitepaques © Leaves alternates) wiga hw TT 0 en eee Cn Io. 70 I2. 14. 15. 16, 54. URTICACEAE 16g . Stigma more or less capitate. Perianth surrounding the fiuit fleshy. Shrubs or trees, rarely undershrubs. — Species 20. Tropical and South-East Africa. 102.04. mise nn Enno “aii oft MrdvwGatidich. Stigma linear or ations Ane “Dimas eslugiie. tat ui. 9 . Perianth of the female flowers reduced toa single, sometimes 2-parted, large segment, more rarely consisting of 2 unequal segments. Herbs with punctiform cystoliths. — Species 3. Tropics. Girardinia Gaudich. Perianth of the female flowers with 4 segments, of which r—2 are some- enue tanye en OUR Pe | 10 Cystoliths linear. Annual herbs. Fruit gibbous, as long as or longer than the perianth. — Species 7. South and Central Africa. They yield fibre and fish-poison. (Plate 32.) ete. <8 2 etry Gaudich: Cystoliths punctiform. Perennial herbs or woody plants. . . . . II Fruit as long as or longer than the perianth, smooth. — Species 3. Central Africa. (Urticastrum Heist.) Seer. Laportea Gaudich. Fruit much shorter than the membranous perianth. Shrubs. — Species 6. Madagascar, Mascarenes, East Africa. . . . Obetia Gaudich. (6.) Stigma penicillate. Perianth of the female flowers 3-partite, rarely 4—5-partite or rudimentary, free from the ovary. Embryo with orbicular or ovate cotyledons. Cystoliths linear. Herbs or under- shrubs, rarely shrubs; in this case leaves penninerved. Stipules eunnates. | iribey PROCRIDEAB). . : . 2, Se Stigma filiform, rarely capitate and somewhat hae y, ge nigh shrubs with 3-nerved leaves and perianth shortly toothed and adnate to the ovary. Perianth of the female flowers 2—4-toothed, entire, or wanting. Embryo with elliptical or oblong cotyledons. Cystoliths usually punctiform. Mostly woody plants. «| Inıbe BOEHMERIEAE.|. . - -% ., . ...10 . Leaves opposite, but sometimes the ines consisting of Ara leaves. Herbs. per PER a es Leaves alternate or Slicneare j.e., one ies oF saan pair very small, SM le oi Ah) cou wo ay Led Ec ‘a a I Sass Flowers on a disc- or bell-shaped receptacle. — enecites D, ae Lecanthus Wedd. Flowers in glomerules arranged ir panicles. — Species 35. Tropics. Some are used as vegetables or textile plants. (Adicea Rafin.) Pilea Lindl. Flowers on an expanded receptacle.. Perianth-segments of the female flowers linear or lanceolate. Herbs. Leaves unequal-sided. — Species G5 .cxsbrOpics.o 05.4 ep ser orl) a cp 18, Stigma persistent. Periantl surrounding the fruit neither winged nor ribbed. Leaves toothed. — Species 7. Tropical and South Africa. Two of them (especially B. nivea Hook. & Arn., ramie or Chinese grass- cloth plant) are cultivated as textile plants . . . Boehmeria Jaqu. Stigma decidous. Perianth surrounding the fruit usually winged or ribbed. Leaves usually entire. — Species 10. Tropical and South Africa. ; ... « Pouzolzia Gaudich. Ig. Stigma fliform, PER, — FE 3. Madagascar and Mascarenes. Pipturus Wedd. Stigma capitate, more or less penicillate. — Species 1. Abyssinia. Debregeasia Gaudich ORDER PROTEALES FAMILY 55. PROTEACEAE Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, rarely (Brabeium) whorled. Stipules none. Flowers in heads, spikes, or racemes. Perianth with 4 petaloid, valvate segments, usually surrounded by excrescences of the receptacle. Stamens 4, opposite the perianth-segments. Anthers opening inwards. Ovary superior, 1-celled. Ovule I, ascending and inverted, more rarely pendulous and straight, very rarely ovules 2. Style simple, with a small stigma. Fruit a one-seeded nut or drupe. Seed exalbuminous. — Genera 13, species 400. Southern and tropical Africa. (Plate 33.) I. Stamens inserted at the base of the perianth-segments ; anthers stalked. Perianth regular, divided to the base. Floweis unisexual or poly- gamous. [Tribe PERSOONIEAE.] gO ee at 2 Stamens inserted on the middle or the upper part of ie parent en: anthers usually sessile. Perianth more or less > divided, but rarely*to'the base. [Tribe PROTERBAET 2..:..= 3 . Receptacle with a short cupular excrescence at the base. oOutile sect aus: Fruit a drupe. Flowers in fascicles arranged in racemes. leaves whorled, undivided. — Species 1. South Africa. The fruits are edible and used as a substitute for coffee. . . . . Brabeium L. Receptacle with 4 scale-like excrescences at the base. Flowers in spikes arranged in racemes. Leaves alternate, 2-lobed. — Species 1. Madagas- car. The wood is used for torches, the seeds yield oil. Dilobeia Thouars 3. °F lowers:unisexual, ‘regulary ii: anna weil. ett lap Flowers hermaphrodite . . . . oto Mer eee 4. Male flowers in spikes or racemes, RER in bee Bracts narrow. — Species 3. South Africa. re eier sro A N PROTEACEAE. PLOW. PL. AFR. J. Fleischmann del, Leucospermum conocarpum R. Br. A Flowering branch. B Flower laid open. C Perianth-segment and stamen. PIL 33, LORANTHACEAE. FLOW. PL. AFR. Pl 34. 1 \ Ie \) — u Fr Ten ae — —- — J. Fleischmann del. Loranthus capitatus (Spreng.) Engl. A Flowering branch. B Flower. C Lower part of the flower cut lengthwise. D Anther. Or 6. NI 240% aT. awe 55. PROTEACEAE I7I Male and female flowers in heads. Bracts broad. -— Species 75. South Africa. Some species yield timber or medicaments; the silvery- haired leaves of the silver-tree (L. argenteum R. Br.) also form an article of commengenOATATYVAR «© .0¢-¥IIMAF - Leueadendron Herm. . Flowers regular or almost so, disposed in heads which are sometimes reduced to a single flower. Perianth-segments united below, free and recurved above . NR re |G Flowers distinctly irregular. Perianth-segments more or less united, except the hindmost, which is separated from the others . . . II Leaves, at least the inferior, more or less divided . . . . 202. 7 eevee allzunaividen many? ares yılzol ar. morn . Heads arranged in sometimes very short spikes, 4-flowered. Ovary glabrous or almost so. Fruit sessile. — Species 15. South Africa. (Nivenia R. Br.) ibe Gar ot vue, Parancmils Salish: xe Knight Heads solitary or arranged in corymbs or heads, usually many-flowered. Ovary hairy, usually woolly or hispid. Fruit short-stalked. — Species Orme oon Algic ab year el Serruria Salisb. . Heads solitary, 4- or more-flowered. Fruit sessile. — Species 20. South Africa. (Including Orothamnus Eckl.) . . . . . Mimetes Salisb. Heads arranged in spikes, racemes, or umbels, 1—6-flowered. Fruit with a BOLE Stalk WEA SIU AIS Le?) BAT eens? EL | 9 . Flowers somewhat irregular. Stigma lateral, or very oblique, or seated in the centre of a disc-like expansion of the style-apex. Heads in lax spikes or racemes. — Species 25. South Africa . Spatalla Salisb. Flowers regular. Stigma terminal or nearly so, conical or club-shaped. Io Style more or Jess lateral, not constricted at the base. Perianth-tube 4-angled. Inflorescence cylindrical. — Species 5. South Africa Spatallopsis Phillips Style terminal, constricted at the base. Perianth-tube short, not 4-angled. Inflorescence globose. — Species 12. South Africa. Sorocephalus R. Br. (5.) Anterior perianth-segments separating above. Anthers oblong or ovate. Style deciduous. Fruit glabrous. Flowers in sometimes oblong heads, usually yellow. — Species 40. South and East Africa. Some species yield timber and bark for tanning. (Plate 33.) Leucospermum R. Br. Anterior perianth-segments united almost to the top into a lip. Anthers linear. Style persistent. Fruit covered with dense hairs. . . . 12 Flowers in spikes or racemes. Anthers obtuse. — Species 15. Tropical and South-east Africa. Some species yield timber. Faurea Harv. Flowers in heads. Anthers usually with a prolonged connective — Species 130. South and Central Africa. Some species yield timber, bark for tanning, or medicaments. (Leucadendron I..). . Protea L. 172 56. SANTALACEAE ORDER SANTALALES SUBORDER SANTALINEAE FAMILY 56. SANTALACEAE Terrestrial plants, sometimes parasitic on roots. Leaves undivided, ex- stipulate, sometimes scale-like. Flowers regular. Perianth simple. Stamens 3—6, as many as and inserted on the perianth-segments, equalling them or shorter. Anthers stalked, 2-celled.- Ovary inferior, rarely almost superior, ı-celled. Ovule 1, basal, or ovules 2—5, pendulous from the apex of a central or subparietal placenta. Style simple cr wanting. Fruit indehiscent. Seeds without a testa, with copious fleshy albumen ; radicle of the embryo superior. — Genera 6, Species 140. (Plate 34.) r. Ovary superior. Ovule 1. Style absent; stigma 2-lobed. Stalk of the fruit fleshy. Shrubs or trees. — Species I. Madagascar. Used medicinally. [Tribe ANTHOBOLEAE.] . . . Exocarpus Labill. Ovary interior. Ovules 2—5. Style present . rind view: 2 2. Perianth-tube above the ovary coated by adisc on the inside, or wanting. Placenta thick, straight. Ovules recurved. Stigma 3—4-parted or 4—5-lobed. Fruit a drupe. Shrubs. [Tribe OSYRIDEAE.] . 3 Perianth-tube above the ovary not coated by a disc on the inside. Placenta thin, usually flexuous. Ovules straight. Stigma entire or obscurely 2—3-lobed. [Tribe THESIEAE.] en a oe ee 3. Leaves, at least most of them, opposite. Flowers in panicles which are sometimes composed of false umbels, 4—6-merous, hermaphrodite or polygamous. Stigma 4—5-lobed. Embryo with very short cotyledons. — Species 2. South Africa. They yield timber and tanning material. (hosocarpus A.) JOG), Wa Re Oe RE gee Colpoon Berg Leaves alternate. Flowers in false umbels, which are often arranged in racemes, or the female and hermaphrodite solitary, 3—4-merous, dioecious or polygamous. Stigma 3—4-partite. Embryo with long cotyledons. — Species 8. North and East Africa to Natal. Some species yield fragrant wood (African sandalwood), tanning and dyeing materials, and medicaments, ‘(Plate 34:)" . . 2. "TE JOSyERSEE 4. Flowers dioecious. Perianth-tube above the ovary very shortly cam- panulate ; segments usually with a tuft of hairs in the male flowers. Anther-halves elliptical. Style short. — Species 6. South Africa. . Thesidium Sond. Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth-tube above the ovary campanulate or cylindrical; segments with tufts or rows of hairs. Anther-halves usually oblong.’ Style long or’rather shorty: “2-2/9 o DENE 5. Fruit a drupe. Flowers axillary, solitary or in glomerules. Undershrubs- — Species7. EastandSouth Africa . . . . Osyridicarpus A.DC- Front aut. — Species 120°). "nu a SANTALACEAE. PLOW. PL. AFR. J. Fleischmann del. Osyris tenuifolia Engt. A Flowering branch. B Male flower. C Male flower from above. D Male flower cut lengthwise, OPILIACEAE. FLOW. PL. AFR. Pl. 36: Ps ELBA AINE ER vd Ü) N e Bl EN J Fleischmann del. Opilia amentacea Roxb. A Flowering branch. B Flower. C Flower cut lengthwise 57% OPILIACE Al — 58. GRUBBIACEAE — 59. OLACACEAE 173 FAMILY 57. OPILIACEAE Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, entire. Flowers in spikes racemes or umbels, regular, hermaphrodite. Calyx (or calyx-like excrescence of the re- ceptacle) entire or obscurely 4—5-toothed. Petals (or perianth-segments) 4—5, free. Stamens equal in number and opposite to them, free or adnate at the base. Disc present. Ovary superior or nearly so, I-celled, with a thick central placenta. Ovule 1, pendulous from the apex of the placenta, with no coat. Style simple. Fruit succulent. Seed without a testa; albumen abundant ; embryo large, with superior radicle. — Genera 2, species 15. (Under OLACINEAE) (Plate 35.) Axis of the inflorescence with cushion-shaped swellings at the base of the pedicels. Flowers in short racemes or umbels. Receptacle broad, cupular. Disc lobed. Petals with inflected tips. Filaments short. Anthers broad. — Species 5. Central Africa. Rhopalopilia Pierre Axis of the inflorescence without swellings. Flowers in racemes. Receptacle small. — Species 10. Central Africa to Delagoa Bay. (Groutia Guill. & Perr., including Urobotrya Stapf). (Plate 35.) . . . Opilia Roxb. FAMILY 58. GRUBBIACEAE Shrubs. Leaves opposite, narrow, entire, leathery. Inflorescences axillary, cymose. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite. Perianth 4-partite, with sepaloid, valvate segments. Stamens 8, almost free from the perianth. Anthers 2-celled. Ovary irferior, I-celled or at first incompletely 2-celled Ovules 2, pendulous from a central or subparietal placenta, straight, with no coat. Style simple; stigma 2-lobed. Fruit a drupe. Seed 1, with a thin testa and fleshy albumen; embryo straight, with inferior radicle. (Under SANTALACEAE or HAMAMELIDACEAE) Genus I, species 4. South Africa (Cape Colony). . . . Grubbia Berg FAMILY 59. OLACACEAE Shrubs or trees, rarely undershrubs. Leaves entire. Flowers regular. Calyx usually small. Petals or corolia-lobes 3—6, nearly always valvate in bud. Anthers opening by 2 longitudinal slits. Ovary superior or nearly so, rarely half-inferior or almost inferior, I-celled, usually septate at the base, rarely 2—5-celled to the top. Ovules 1—5, pendulous from the apex of a usually free placenta, inverted. Style simple Fruit indehiscent. Seed I, with a small embryo and abundant albumen. — Genera II, species 70. Tropical and South Africa. (Plate 36.) I. Ovary superior, I-celled, sometimes septate at the base. Ovules 2—3, DO Pind Kat tina Te a» ler yew = 3 Ovary superior, I-celled with 4—5 ovules, or completely or nearly com- pletely 3—4-celled, or more or less inferior. Ovules with I—2 coats. 5 174 59. OLACACEAE 2. Filaments united into a lorg tube. Stamens 4—5, as many as and opposite the divisions of the corolla. Disc 4—5-lobed. Calyx enlarged in fruit. Flowers in racemes or panicles. [Tribe APTANDREAE.] . . . 3 Filaments free or nearly so. [Tribe OLACEAE.| . . . 4 . Flowers 4-merous, unisexual. Ovules 2. Calyx es not Bi at the time of maturity. — Species 1. West Africa. Aptandra Miers Flowers 5-merous. Ovules 3. Calyx splitting into 3 segments at the time of maturity. — Species 2. Equatorial West Africa. They yield timber and oily seeds which are also used in medicine. Ongokea Pierre 4. Ovules 2. Stamens 5—Io. Calyx not enlarged in fruit. — Species 6. West 88) Africa. : . . . Ptyehopetalum Benth. Ovules 3. Se er in an Bea are fertile. Calyx enlarged in fruit. — Species 40. Tropics. Some species yield timber. (Plate 36.) ee ae 2 ps a 5. Stamens as many as af opposite he Boies pee aes or nearly so. [Tribe ANACOLOSEAE.] u 5 > OU AO Stamens 2—4 times as many as mi ara Ovaky er completely or almost completely 3—4-celled. . . JUN A 6. Ovary superior, septate at the base, with 4—5 suites, Flowers 5-merous, in panicles. — Species 1. Island of Mauritius. . Stolidia Baill. Ovary inferior or half-inferior. Flowers in axillary spikes racemes or TaScicleS . ow: hes op sp no | oon 7. Flowers 6-merous. Calyx entire or toothed. Ovary very incompletely 2-celled. Ovules 2. — Species 1. Madagascar. Anacolosa Blume Flowers 4—5-merous. Ovary completely or almost at Sige 3—4- Rei: Ovules 3—4 . 8. Flowers 4-merous. ei: en a vane 4- ier Fruit a drupe. — Species 2. Equatorial West Africa. Strombosiopsis Engl. Flowers 5-merous. Calyx deeply divided. Ovary 3-celled. Fruit a berry. — Species 7. Central Africa. (Including Lavalleopsis Van Tiegh.) Strombosia Blume g. Stamens 3—4 times as many as the petals, 12—20. Calyx entire, not enlarged in fruit. Juice resinous. — Species I. Equatorial West Africa. Yields timber and edible oily seeds. [Tribe COULEAE.] Coula Baill. Stamens twice as many as the petals, 8—12. Calyx 4—6-toothed. Juice not resinous. Be 4 yy ieee |) FP Anthers globose. Ovary incompletely 3-celled. Style short. Petals 5 -6. Calyx much enlarged in fruit. Leaves with milky juice. — Species 3. West Africa. [Tribe HEISTERIEAE.] Heisteria Jaqu. Anthers linear. Ovary almost completely 3—4-celled. Style as long as the ovary. Petals 4—5. Calyx not enlarged in fruit. Leaves with watery juice. — Species 3. Tropical and South-East Africa. They yield fragrant wood, bark for tanning, edible fruits, and oily seeds, and are also used in medicine. [Tribe XIMENIEAE.| Ximenia Plum. IO. ~ OLACACEAE, FLOW. PL. AFR. J. Fleischmann del. Olax Durandii Engl. A Flowering branch. B Branch of another specimen. C Flower cut lengthwise, PLOW. FIA AEE. J. Fleischmann del. A Plant in flower. ARISTOLOCHIACEAE. Aristolochia bracteata Retz. B Flower. C Lower part of the flower (the ovary cut lengthwise). Pl. 38 60. OCTOKNEMATACEAE —6I. LORANTHACEAE 17 VI FAMILY 60. OCTOKNEMATACEAE Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, undivided, without stipules. Flowers in axillary racemes. Petals 5, valvate in bud. Stamens 5, opposite the petals ; filaments short. Disc obscure. Ovary inferior, I-celled, with a free filiform placenta and 3 pendulous ovules. Style divided into 3—5 two- cr three-cleft lobes. Fruit woody, surrounded by the fleshy ıeceptacle. Seeds with a thin coat ; embryo minute, situated at the apex of the 8-furrowed albumen. (Under OLACACEAE.) Genus I, species 3. Equatorial West Africa. . . Octoknema Pierre SUBORDER LORANTHINEAE FAMILY 61. LORANTHACEAE Shrubs, parasitic upon trees. Leaves undivided, exstipulate, sometimes scale- like. Perianth simple, with 2—6 valvate segments, often surrounded at the base by a calyx-like outgrowth of the receptacle. Stamens as many as and opposite the perianth-segments and inserted on them. Ovary inferior, with I --4 indistinctly developed ovules. Style and stigma simple. Fruit succulent. Seeds albuminous. — Genera, 4, species 300. (Plate 37.) 1. Receptacle with a calyx-like outgrowth surrounding the base of the perianth. Flowers usually hermaphrodite. Anthers usually stalked and opening by two longitudinal slits. Style more or less filiform. Leaves well-developed. — Species 250. Tropical and South Africa. Some are used medicinally. (Plate 37). [Subfamily LORANTHOIDEAE. | LORANTHUS L. Receptacle without a calyx-like outgrowth. Flowers unisexual. Anthers sessile. [Subfamily VISCOIDEAE.] SAN ii 1. 52 2. Anthers adnate to the perianth ; cells several or many, opening by pores. Placenta basal. Flowers in clusters of 3 or more. — Species 59. Some of them yield bird-lime or are used medicinally. ‘‘ Mistletoe.” [Tribe VISCEAE.] mae if, 2 Risen T Anthers seated on the yaaa) Bit: xe ae to it ; cells I—2, opening by m or transverse slits. Placenta eh Leaves scale- ig re EN wn ee are ace ff 2. Anthers I-celled, opening ey a tray erse ee Perianth of the male flowers 2—5-parted, of the female 2-parted. Flowers dioecious, solitary. — Species I. North-West Airica. [Tribe ARCEUTHOBIEAE. | Arceuthobium Marsch. Bieb. Anthers 2-celled, opening by 2 longitudinal slits. Perianth 3-parted. Flowers monoecious, disposed in rows. — Species 5. Madagascar and neighbouring islands. (Bifaria Van Tiegh.) [Tribe PHORADEND- REAE.] 3% Giardia tdoxs San am? Korthalsella Vam: Tiegh. 176 62. BALANOPHORACEAE — 03. ARISTOLOCHIACEAE SUBORDER BALANOPHORINEAE FAMILY 62. BALANOPHORACEAE Succulent herbs without green colour, parasitic on roots, upon which their root-stock is seated. Leaves reduced to scales. Flowers in spadix-like spikes or heads, red, unisexual. Perianth in the male flowers of 3—6 segments, in the female 3-lobed or wanting. Stamens as many as and opposite the perianth- segments, sometimes one of them abortive. Ovary inferior or naked, I-celled. Ovules 1—3, pendulous from a central placenta or from the apex of the cell or adnate to the wall of the ovary, without coats. Style simple, sometimes very short ; stigma entire or lobed. Fruit adrupe. Seed without a testa ; albumen copious ; embryo small, apical, undivided. — Genera 4, species 6. Tropical and South Africa. 1. Fertile stamens 2. Female flowers with a 3-lobed perianth. Ovules 3. Stigma 3-lobed, borne on a long filiform style. Spadices oblong, solitary. — Species 2. South Africa. [Subfamily MYSTROPETALOIDEAE. | Mystropetalon Harv. Fertile stamens 3 or more. Female flowers without a perianth, but the base of the style sometimes surrounded by a tubular outgrowth of the receptacle, Stigma entire or sessile: ..7 1... «. St) 7 2. Stamens free. Anthers globose, many-celled. De 3. Stigma sessile. Spadices panicled. Root-stock not resinous. — Species 1. South and East Africa. [Subfamily SARCOPHYTOIDEAE.| Sarcophyte Sparrm. Stamens united. Anthers 2—4-celled. Ovule 1. Style and stigma simple. Spadices solitary. Root-stock resinous. [Subfamily BALAN- OPHOROIDEAE. | ae an are enn 3. Anthers 3—6, linear, 4-celled. Oui fear Ovule adnate to the wall of the ovary. Perianth-segments of the male flowers linear. Spadices hemispherical. — Species 2. Tropics. [Tribe LANGSDORFFIEAE.] Thonningia Vahl Anthers numerous, 2-celled. Ovule free, pendulous. — Species I. Comoro Islands. [Tribe BALANOPHOREAE.] . . . Balanophora Forst. ORDER ARISTOLOCHIALES FAMILY 63. ARISTOLOCHIACEAE Leaves alternate, entire or lobed. Flowers axillary, solitary or in clusters, irregular, hermaphrodite. Perianth simple, corolla-like, with a distinct tube. Stamens 5—24, adnate to the style. Anthers opening outwards or laterally by longitudinal slits. Ovary inferior, 4—6-celled. Ovules several or many in each cell, pendulous descending or horizontal, inverted. Style or stigma 6-lobed. Fruit capsular. Seeds with a small embryo and copious albumen ~ (Plate 38.) Genus I, species 30. Some are used medicinally . . Aristolochia L 64. RAFFLESIACEAE — 65. HYDNORACEAE — 66. POLYGONACEAE 177 FAMILY 64. RAFFLESIACEAE Parasitic herbs, partly immersed in the tissue of the plants upon which they grow. Leaves reduced to scales. Flowers terminal, solitary 0° in rac mes, regular, unisexual. Perianth-segments 4 or more. Stamens 8 or more; fila- ments united intoa column. Ovary inferior, I-celled with 4 or more parietal placentas, or several-celled with axile placentas. Ovules numerous. Style simple ; stigmas situated beneath its thickened apex. Fruit a berry. Seeds minute, with a hard testa, oily albumen, and undivided embryo. — Genera 2, Specteow (CYLTINACEAE.) Ovary I-celled, with usually 4 slightly projecting parietal placentas. Ovules inverted. Anthers affixed beneath the thickened apex of the staminal column, opening by transverse slits. Perianth-segments free. Flowers solitary. — Species 1. Southern West Africa (Angola). (Under Apodanthes Poiteau). [Tribe APODANTHEAE.] Pilostyles Guill. Ovary more or less completely 6- or more-celled ; placentas parietal, but much projecting, sometimes uniting in the middle. Ovules straight. Anthers laterally affixed to the thickened apex of the staminal column, opening by longitudinal slits. Perianth-segments united below. Flowers in spikes, racemes, or panicles. — Species 3. North and South Africa and Madagascar. They have edible truits and are used medicinally. [Tribe CYTINEAE.| ee En a 2 EINER ICYERNUS: IL, FAMILY 65. HYDNORACEAE Fleshy, herbaceous, leafless root-parasites with a creeping root-stock Flowers solitary, regular, hermaphrodite. Perianth simple, fleshy, tubular, with 3—4 (very rarely 5) valvate segments. Stamens as many as and alternate with the perianth-segments, inserted in the tube; filaments united; anther-cells numerous, linear, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary inferior, I-celled, with many placentas hanging down from the top of the cell. Stigma sessile. Fruit succulent. Seeds with a hard testa, copious albumen, and undivided embryo. (Under CYTINACEAE). Genus I, species 8. Tropical and South Africa. Some are edible or Be ame 02.0... Aayanora Thunb. ORDER POLYGONALES FAMILY 66. POLYGONACEAE Leaves alternate, undivided or pinnately cleft, provided at the base with a stem-clasping sheath. Flowers regular. Perianth-segments 3—-6. Stamens 4—50. Ovary superior, I-celled. Ovule 1. Styles 2—4, free or united at the base. Fruit a nut. Seed with an abundant, mealy albumen and a usually lateral embryo. — Genera 9, species 120. (Plate 39.) M 178 Is eo 66 POLYGONACEAE Stamens as many as perianth-segments, 6,rarely 4; occasionally fewer than perianth-segments, and then stamens 4—5 and perianth-segments 5—6 in the male, 6 in the female flowers ; in this case stem herbaceous and flowersmonoecious. [Subfamily RUMICOIDEAE, Tribe RUMICEAE.] 2 Stamens more than perianth-segments, rarely equal in number, but then 5. Herbs or undershrubs with hermaphrodite or polygamous flowers, or shrubs. per 3 . Perianth at the 8 an ot Ari, fables hate as tnd fruit. Flowers unisexual. Annual herbs. — Species 2. North and South Africa, also naturalized in the Mascarene Islands. . Emex Neck. Perianth at the time of maturity more or less membrenous, not tubular and not clasping the fruit very tightly. — Species 45. Some are used as vegetables, for tanning and dyeing, or in medicine. “ Dock.” Rumex L. . Seed with ruminate albumen. Shrubs with 5, 7 —10, or 20 —50 stamens. [Subfamily COCCCLOBOIDEAE.) 2.0 20. Jigen. Oe ee Seed with homogeneous albumen. Herbs or undershrubs, more rarely shrubs with 6 or 12—18 stamens. [Subfamily POLYGONOIDEAE.| 5 . Flowers unisexual. Perianth-segments 4 or 6, the outer deciduous. Stamens 20—50. Erect shrubs or trees. — Species t. West Africa. [Tribe TeeCAMIOPAR.|. ....,;.,.. . . . Symmeria Benth. Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth- Serie 5, united at the base into a tube becoming two-winged in fruit. Stamens 5—10. Mostly climbing, tendril-bearing plants. — Species 3. West Africa. [Tribe COCCOLO- Pe cy . . . Brunnichia Banks . Stem woody, ruhige beteoe shall, »Stäiehs 6 or12—18. Filaments united at the-base. [Tribe ATRAPHAXIDEAE.] ..-.... DRS Stem herbaceous or woody at the base only. Stamens 8, more rarely 5—7. Filaments free, but sometimes inserted on a ring-shaped disc. FEIBEPOLYGONBAR.] . ..,.: ‘. er. . Perianth-segments 4, the inner much ae in fruit: Stamens 6, the outer with a callosity at the base. Stigmas 2. Fruit glabrous. Embryo lateral. Leaves ovate or orbicular. — Species 1. Egypt. Atraphaxis L. Perianth-segments 5—6, not enlarged in fruit. Stamens 12—18, with a hairy appendage at the base. Stigmas 4. Fruit bristly. Embryo axile. Leaves linear or subulate. — Species 1. North Africa. Calligonum L. . Ferianth-segments of the hermaphrodite and female flowers united below into a narrow tube. Flowers polygamous. — Species 17. Central and South Africa. Some are used as vegetables and for making bread. (Including Raphanopsis Welw.) (Plate 39.) . . Oxygonum Burch. Perianth-segments not united below into anarrow tube. . . . . 8 . Seed with broad, folded cotyledons. Perianth shorter than the fruit. Leaves cordate. — Species I (F. esculentum Moench, buckwheat). Cultivated as a cereal or fodder-plant. (Under Polygonum L.) Fagopyrum Gaertn. POLYGONACEAE. FLOW. PL. AFR. Pl. 39 J. Fleischmann del Oxygonum sinuatum (Hochst. and Steud.) Benth. and Hook, A Fruiting plant. B Flower cut lengthwise. C_Fruit cut lengthwise. CHENOPODIACEAE. FLOW. PL. AFR. Pl. 40. Cy J. Fleischmann del. Traganum nudatum Del. A Flowering branch. B Part of a fruiting branch, C end of branch. D Flower with bracts and bracteoles. E Flower cut lengthwise, 66. POLYGONACEAE — 67. CHENOPODIACEAE 179 Seed with narrow, not folded cotyledons. — Species 50. Some are poison- ous, others serve as ornamental, medicinal, or fodder-plants, or yield tanning and dyeing materials. MIT eh WATCH Sn} . Polygonum I. ORDER CENTROSPERMAE SUBORDER CHENOPODIINEAE FAMILY 67. CHENOPODIACEAE Stem erect, ascending, or prostrate. Leaves exstipulate, sometimes wanting. Flowers inconspicuous, greenish. Perianth simple, of I—5 imbricate segments, herbaceous or membranous, persistent, rarely wanting. Stamens as many as and opposite the perianth-segments or fewer, inserted on the receptacle or the base of the perianth. Anthers attached by the back, opening inwards or laterally by longitudinal slits, curved inwards in the bud. Ovary superior, rarely (Beta) half-inferior, ı-celled. Ovule I, on a basal funicle, curved. Stigmas 2—5. Fruit dehiscing by a lid or indehiscent. Seed with a curved, peripheral embryo. — Genera 26, species 120. (SALSOLACEAE.) (Plate 40.) I. Embryo spiral . Albumen Me or Bus in two parts bv the em- GVO.” or. BO, PR. Embryo more or > ring- or ers ca or folded reece Albu- men wholly or partly enclosed by the embryo, rarely wanting. . EL 2. Bracteoles small, scale-like. Perianth herbaceous or fleshy. as thread-shaped, papillose all round. Leaves glabrous, fleshy. — Species Io. Some are used as vegetables or for making soda. (Including Chenopodina Moq., Lerchia Hall., Schanginia C. A. Mey., Schoberia C. A. Mey., and Sevada Moq.) [Tribe SUAEDEAEF.] . Suaeda Forsk. Bracteoles equalling or exceeding the perianth. Perianth usually mem- branous. Stigmas papillose on the inside. Leaves usually hairy. [Iribe SALSOLEAE. | ta ARE EIERN 3. Seed horizontal. Disc usually inconspicuous. [Subtribe SODINAE.] . 4 Seed vertical. Disc usually lobed. /Subtribe ANABASINAE.] ; 6 4. Perianth 5-lobed, hardening to the top and wingless in the fruit. Biaments flattened. Disc inconspicuous. Embryo in a conical spiral. Shrubs with continuous branches and alternate leaves. — Species 2. North Africa to the Sahara. (Plate 40.) ee alas Leone Del, Perianth 4— 5-parted or of 4—5 free segments, not hardening or at the base only and furnished with a horizontal wing in the fruit. Re 1 tas . Branches jointed. Leaves scale-like, opposite, connate in pairs. Shrubs. Perianth-segments free. Anthers blunt. Disc lobed, enlarged in the fruit. Embryo in a flat spiral. — Species 2. North Africa. Haloxylon Bunge Branches continuous. Disc usually inconspicuous. — Species 20. Some of them are used as vegetables or in medicine or furnish soda. “ Salt- wort.” (Including Caroxylon Thunb.). . . . . . Salsola 1... nr 180 6. 10. EI, I2. 13; 67. CHENOPODIACEAE Perianth of 2 inner and 3 outer segments of which two are in front andone behind. Fruiting perianth winged, not hardened. Seed compressed dorsally. Flowers solitary, more rarely in clusters, and then branches jointed and leaves opposite. . . . ji Perianth of 3 inner and 2 outer segments ei Ww hist one is in noe anid one behind. Fruiting perianth more or less hardened. Seed compressed laterally. Branches continuous. . . . . te ee . Branches jointed. Leaves opposite, sometimes Eee to scales. Fila- ments awl-shaped. Style short. — Species 5. North Africa and Nubia. Some yield soda or are used medicinally. Anabasis L. Branches continuous. Leaves alternate. Spinous shrubs. Flowers solit- ary. Filaments flattened ; connective pointed. Style long. Pericarp membranous. —Species1. North Africa. . . . . . Noaea Mog. . Perianth-segments united at the base, wingless in the fruit, but oneof them sometimes produced into a prickle. Style long. Shrubs. - Perianth-segments free, winged in the fruit, at least some of them. Style short. Disc lobed. Leaves alternate. Flowers in clusters. . . 10 Leaves opposite. Flowers in pairs, hermaphrodite. Disc indistinct. — Species 1. Sahara. - + « we ele). Nucularla Boe Leaves alternate. Flowers in clusters, polygamous. Disc lobed. — Species 2. North Africa and Northern Central Africa. Cornulaca Del. Inner perianth-segments not winged in the fruit. Stamens with a 2-lobed ccnnective. Shrubs. — Species 1. North Africa. (Under Halogeton OA vu, 2 RT ARE Agathophora Fenzl Inner and outer perianth- RE en in the fruit. Stamens with a blunt connective. Herbs. — Species 1. North-West Africa (Algeria). Used as a vegetable or for making soda. . . Halogeton C. A. Mey. (1.) Branches more or less distinctly jointed. Leaves little developed, glabrous. Flowers in clusters, usually of 3, arising in the axils of ‘scale-like bracts or apparently sunk in hollows of the rachis. and col. lected in cone-shaped inflorescences. Stamens ı—2. [Tribe SALICORNIEAE.) 7 ; + pee Branches continuous. Leaves mel semen sane nae Flowers solitary or in clusters, more rarely in spike-like inflorescences. Stamens 3—5, more rarely I—2. +e hn, at uate Ga) en er La Bractsand upper leavesalternate . ;.-_.. 4: UA ba hnaqemul he Bracts and upper leaves opposite . . . . 14 Perianth slightly flattened from the side, 4—5- arbeit a ay a wing-like border. Stamens 2. Ovule with a short funicle. Micropyle of the ovule and radicle of the embryo inferior. Low shrubs. — Species zei Nest Africa (Algeria).. . "20. TE Kalidium Moa. Perianth flattened from the back, 3-toothed, without a wing-like border. Ovule with a long funicle. Micropyle and radicle superior or ascending. — Species2. North Africa to Nubia. Yieldsoda . Halopeplis Bunge 14. 16, #7; 18, 67 CHENOPODIACEAE I8I Bracts free, peltate, deciduous. Perianth 3-parted. Stamen 1, inserted in front. Ovule on a long, curved, almost ring-shaped funicle. Mic- ropyle and radicle superior. Shrubs. — Species ı. North Africa to Eritrea. Yields soda. . . . . Haloenemum Marsch. Bieb. Bracts united, persistent ; flower-clusters apparently sunk in hollows ot the branch-joints. Perianth 3-—4-toothed or -cleft. Stamen 1, inserted behind, or stamens 2. Ovule on a short funicle. Micropyle and radicle interior ERLITTEN m #0 . Seed smooth or tubercled ; embryo curved ; REN aba Rd lateral. Stamens 2. Stigmas 2. Shrubs. — Species 3. North and Central Africa. They yieldsodaandare used in medicine. Arthroenemum Mog. Seed hairy; embryo folded together; albumen scanty and central or wanting. — Species 4. Sea-coasts. They yield soda and are used in DeDene. . “. . AR ur Salicornia L. Flowers unisexual, ee se a a few hermaphrodite, of two kinds, the male and hermaphrodite with a 3—5-parted perianth and without bracteoles, the female without a perianth, but with 2 sometimes nnited or 2-parted bracteoles. Stamens 3—5. Leaves glabrous, mealy or cottony, usually hastate. [Tribe ATRIPLICEAE.| . 17 Flowers hermaphrodite, sometimes intermixed with similar unisexual ones, all with 4—5 perianth-segments. : A218 Bracteoles small, narrow, free, unchanged in the Suiting Stäbe, not en- closing the fruit. Flowers monoecious. Stamens 5. Shrubs. — Species 2. South Africa and St. Helena. . . . . Exomis Fenzl Bracteoles large, broad, usually united and RER TEN completely en- closing the fruit. . . 18 Bracteoles united nearly to ae ah en in the Be Se ee prolonged into 2—4 prickles. Flowers dioecious. Stigmas 4—5. Stem and leaves glabrous. Herbs. — Species I (S. oleracea L., spinach). Cultivated in the extra-tropical regions. It serves as a vegetable ; the seeds are sometimes used for making bread. . . . Spinaeia L. Bracteoles free and herbaceous, or more or less united, but not nearly to the top, and at length hardened. Stigmas 2—3. Stem and leaves clothed, when young, with bladdery hairs, afterwards mostly with a close minute whitish pubescence. — Species 20. Some are used as vegetables, for making soda, in medicine, or as ornamental plants. ‘“‘Orache.” (In- cluding Obione Gaertn.) ete roa aerate: Atripex L. . Ovary half-inferior. Perianth-segments cima at in the fruit. Fruit dehiscing by a lid. Herbs with a fleshy taproot. Bracteoles usually present. —— Species 3. North Africa and Cape Verde Islands ; one of them (B. vulgaris L., beet) also cultivated in South Africa and Mada- gascar. The latter species yields sugar, vegetables, fodder, and a substitute for coffee and tobacco. [Tribe BETEAE. | Beta L. Ovary superior. Fruit indehiscent, rarely dehiscing by a lid, but then perianth-segments spreading in the fruit. . . . . . . . 20 ‘182 67. CHENOPODIACEAE 20. Flowers with bracteoles, solitary. Perianth membranous, unchanged in the fruit; segments erect. Stigmas 2. Ovule on a long funicle. Pericarp membranous. Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves subulate, rigid, pungent. — Species 1. North-West Africa (Algeria). [Tribe POLYCHEMEAE,.|. 0 ein. « 6° an “SSR Flowers without bracteoles. ~o ee Ne 21 21. Perianth 4—5-lobed, membranous. Leaves narrow, clothed with thin hairs. [Tribe CAMPHOROSMEAE.] un 22 Perianth 5-parted, rarely 4-parted or 5-lobed, more or fas “het besBORE. Leaves usually broad and clothed with bladdery hairs... . . . 25 to NO . Perianth unequally 4-toothed, scarcely changed in the fruit. Stamens 4. Seed erect. Embryo horseshoe-shaped. Flowers in spikes. Un- dershrubs. — Species 1. North Africa. Used medicinally. Camphorosma L. Perianth 5-toothed, 5-lobed, or 5-cleft. Stamens 5. Seed nearly always horizontal. Embryo ring-shaped. Flowers solitary or in clusters, areas ol the Ica VES. oe ne a ee 23 23. Fruiting perianth unchanged and unappendaged. Undershrubs. — Species a. North and South: Africa... „u. . . . Chenolea Thunb. Fruiting perianth winged, gibbous, or eee Lat Pte 24 24. Fruiting perianth gibbous or prickly. — Species 2. North Africa. (Ech- inopsılon Moq., under Chenolza Thunb. or Kochia Roth) . Bassia All. Fruiting perianth with one or several wings. — Species 3. _ South Africa to Hereroland and North Africato Nubia. . . . .. Kochia Roth 25. Fruit not enclosed in the perianth, dehiscing with alid. Perianth-segments spreading, linear-oblong. Stamens 5, much shorter than the perianth. Stigmas 2, short. Leaves elliptical or lanceolate, entire, glabrous. Undershrubs. — Species 1. North-West Africa (Algeria). Oreobliton Durieu & Mog. Fruit wholly or partly enclosed in the perianth, indehiscent. Leaves usually broad, toothed, and mealy or glandular-hairy. — Species 25. Some of them yield edible seeds, dyes, and medicaments, or are used as vegetables or ornamental plants ; several are poisonous. “* Goosefoot.”’ (Including Blitum L. and Roubieva Moq.) [Tribe CHENOPODIEAE.] Chenopodium L. FAMILY 68. AMARANTACEAE Leaves without stipules. Perianth more or less dry, simple, of I—5 im- bricate segments. Stamens as many as and opposite the perianth-segments or fewer. Anthers attached by the back, opening inwards by two longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, I-celled. Ovules erect or suspended from a basal funicle, curved. Fruit dehiscing by a lid or indehiscent. Embryo surrounding the mealy albumen. — Genera 32, species 200. (Plate 41.) Be EEE Co wa Io. . Ovule erect. Radicle of the Eye ein ie ents £6 or united 68. AMARANTACEAE 183 . Anthers ı-celled. Ovule 1. Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves opposite. Inflorescences head- or shortly spike-shaped. [Subfamily GOM- PHRENOIDEAE, tribe GOMPHRENEAE. | Anthers 2-celled. [Subfamily AMARANTOIDEAE.|. Stigma I, capitate. Fertile stamens alternating with FP reainodes, Species 7. Some are used as ornamental plants, others are noxious weeds. (Including Telanthera R. Br.) [Subtribe FROEHLICHINAE. | Alternanthera Forsk. Stigmas 2—4, subulate. [Subtribe GOMPHRENINAE. ! 3 Filaments entire. — Species I. Central Africa. (BwaldRenus R. Br.) Iresine L Filaments fringed, toothed, or 3-parted. — Species I. Tropical and South East Africa. A weed, sometimes used as an ornamental plant. Gomphrena L, ER. Morydetr: | [Tribe AMARANTEAET 0% 0 min fbr, 5 Ovules 2 or more, very rarely ovule 1, erect ; in this case filaments united below into a membranous tube and flowers hermaphrodite. [Tribe CELOSIEAE.] 32 in aring at the base. Flowers unisexual, polygamous, or hermaphrodite but intermixed with sterile ones. Leavesalternate. [Subtribe AMARAN-- TINAE. | ee ere rs et TO OTIS aes EQ 6 Ovule pendulous. Radicle o! the embryo cree [Subtribe AcHY- BANTHINAE: (Pt? . N A art 9) . Perianth spreading. Pannen ren ar ine) pine Sehe ey Fruit a berry. Shrubs. Flowers polygamous, in spikes or racemes. — Species i eanaky islands i. . . sROOEE, DARI 54 Bosia L. Perianth erect. Herbs or Hae aie Baaniı, DER IR | REE 7 . Flowers unisexual or polygamous ; no sterile ones. Filaments free. — Species 20. Some of them have edible seeds or are used as vegetables, in medicine or as ornamental plants. (Including Albersia Kunth, Am- blogyna Rafin.,and Euxolus Rafin.) . . . . . Amarantus L. Flowers hermaphrodite. Partial inflorescences consisting of one fertile and two sterile flowers . . ae ees. 8 . Sterile flowers comb-shaped. Pilädentei frees ‘Style short ; stigma 2- lobed. — Species 1. Tropical and North Africa. Used as a vegetable Digera Forsk. Sterile flowers wing-shaped. Filaments united at the base. Style long ; stigmas 2.-— Species 1. Northern East Africa (Somaliland), Pleuropterantha Franch. . Flowers solitary in the axil of each bract. ert | Poh u ER Flowers in clusters of two or more ; usually some of thew perils PAL 620 Spurious staminodes (sterile processes) interposed between the fertile Starmens-?-* JR tLe ergs re ee Ryd © DON MED. SEEN Spurious staminodes en ABER Swe es BY RT I4. 15. 16. 18. 19. 68. AMARANTACEAE . Perianth densely covered with silky or woolly hairs . . . .......12 Perianth glabrous or scantily hairy . . os 2, Perianth-segments firmly leathery, silky- ficlenss 3-nerved. Shrubs. Leaves alternate, fleshy. — Species 1. South Africa to Damaraland. (Under Sericocoma Fenzl) Mi sa . . . Calicorema Hook. fil. Perianth-segments more or less a Ba 13 . Branches jointed. Leaves very small, opposite, ovate, ee ees shrubs. — Species 1. Southern West Africa (Hereroland). Arthraerua Schinz Branches continuous. . nia ee Perianth-segments silky, more or mee icles map ee; at the base, ı-nerved. Flowers small. Ovary hairy. Stigma capitate. — Species 8. Southern and Central Africa. . . . Sericocoma Fenzl Perianth-segments woolly, not thickened. Flowers very small, in dense spikes. — Species 10. Some are used as vegetables or as ornamental plants. (Ouret Adars.) - Jes ybeene 0oe0 000 Spurious staminodes minute, narrow, acute, unappendaged. Perianth- segments brownish-red, stiff-leathery, large, oblong, 3-nerved. In- florescence head-like, ovoid. Leaves usually alternate. Undershrubs. — Species I. Southern West Africa (Angola and Congo). Mechowia Schinz Spurious staminodes more or less a fringed or appendaged. Leaves opposite. . . . eae Spurious ete ieales: ee pete Hee ae De en erent; oblong, blunt, thickened below. Flowers erect, spicate. Leaves small, sessile, linear-oblong. Herbs. — Species 1. Southern East Africa. (Under Pandiaka Hook. fill). . . . . . Argyrostachys Lopr. Spurious staminodes fringed at the top or prolonged into appendages. Perianth-segments pointed. Flowers usually bent downwards.. . I7 . Perianth-segments red or yellow, elliptical, hardened at the base, faintly I—5-nerved. Shrubs or undershrubs. — Species 7. Central Africa to Bel st aa Centema Hook. fil. Perianth-segments white green or brown, lanceolate, stiff-leathery, usually 3-ribbed. — Species 30. Some of them yield a substitute for soap or are used in medicine. (Including PT Moq. and Pandiaka Moq.) (Plate 41.) alt , a Achyranthes L. (10.) Stamens I—2. Perianth- ee 3— SE REN. woolly, I- nerved. ..Herbs, — Species 1.;, .Tropies, i, rs. Nothosaerua Wight Stamens 4—5. . . 4 Outer perianth-segments a Apihed N aie ales ais 3-nerved. Style slender. Shrubs. — eas 2. Northern East Africa (Somali- land). ink nr: Chionothrix Hook. fil. Outer perianth- ni ER or scantily hairy, with 3 strong ribs. Flowers greenish. — Species 15. Central and South East Africa. (In- cluding Psilostachys Hochst.) . . . . . . ~~ Bsilotriehum Blume AMARANTACEAE. MEOW. PL. APR: Pl. 41. J. Fleischmann del. Achyranthes angustifolia Benth. A Flowering branch. B Branch of the inflorescence. C Flower cut lengthwise. FLOW, PL-ALF RK. NYCTAGINACEAE, Pl, 42 J. Fleischmann del. A Branch with inflorescences. B Male flower. Pisonia aculeata L. C Female flower. D Female flower cut lengthwise. wise. G Group of fruits. EFruit. F Fruit cut length- 20. 2I. 22. 23. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 68. AMARANTACEAE 185 (9.) Spurious staminodes interposed between the stamens. . . JE Pimnmousestamiinees wena ks al Rr Ad or us 226 Spurious staminodes small, entire. Ovary hairy. Either perianth ciothed with long silky hairs or leaves alternate. . . 5 ote Spurious staminodes usually quadrate and ered more telly narrow, but then perianth not clothed with long silky hairs and leaves (as nearly always) opposite. 23 Ovary with a horn-like selibpenities ge = Relies a Ba anil Bi es (Under Semcocoma Fenzl\aw's 45.0.) .20.3.%. Cyphocarpa Lopr. Ovary without a horn. (See 14.) >). Donner. -celled, Stale’ 2 atlas ER Stem glabrous. — Species 4. South Africa... Aerosanthes Eckl. & Zeyh. Stamens 8, rarely Io, but then ovary 3—5-celled, styles 3—5, and stem hairy or warty. Ovules pendulous, 1 in each cell. — Species 20. South Africa to Angola. ie arte, wine > scr. cr equine 18. (11.) Petals (or petaloid 4 SEs numerous. Stamens numerous. Ovary 4—20-celled, with many basal or parietal ovules. Fruit a capsule. — Species 330. Some of them have edible fruits or seeds or serve as vegetables, as ornamental or medicinal plants, or for making soda et HIE . . . Mesembrianthemum L. Petals (or petaloid Leadon none. peor: 2—8-celled with one pen- dulous ovule in each cell, or ovary I-celled. Fruit a nut or drupe. Leaves alternate. ; eee 19. Ovary I-celled. Styles 4, IB of Phen Hee bee the isis a without a stigma. — Species I. South-west Africa (Namaland). Anisostigma Schinz Ovary 2—8-, very rarely 1-celled. Styles as many as ovary-cells. — Species 35. Southern and Central Africa. One species (7. expansa Murr., New Zealand spinach) is cultivated as a vegetable in various regions. Tetragonia L. SUBORDER PORTULACINEAE FAMILY 73. PORTULACACEAE Herbs or undershrubs, rarely shrubs. Flowers regular or nearly so, her- maphrodite. Sepals 2, free or united at the base, imbricate in the bud. Petals 4—6, free or united at the base, falling off very early. Stamens as many as and opposite the petals, or fewer, or more numerous. Ovary usually superior and I-celled. Ovules basal or affixed to a free central placenta, curved, the micropyle lateral or inferior. Style 2--8-cleft or -parted, rarely (Portulaca) undivided. Fruit a capsule or a nut. Seeds albuminous ; embryo more or less curved. —- Genera 6, species 35. (Plate 44.) 1. Ovary inferior or half-inferior. Ovules numerous. Frui! dehiscing by a lid. — Species 12. Some are used as vegetables, fodder-, medicinal, or ornamental plants. “ Purslane.”” [Tribe PORTULACEAE. ] Portulaca L. Ovary superior. Fruit oo by valves or indehiscent. [Tribe CAL- ANDRINIEAE.]:-«) .;:. /ostsTsv08 Te 2. Ovary 2-celled with 2 ovules in sell ol \ Styledbhanalaee 2. Stamens numerous. Shrubs. — Species 2. Madagascar. Talinella Baill. Ovary I-celled with I, 3, or many ovules. Style-branches3. . . . 3 AIZOACEAE, PLOW. PL. AFR. Pl. 43. J. Fleischmann del. Trianthema pentandrum L. A Flowering"branch. B Flower. C Flower cat lengthwise. D Mericarp cut lengthwise. PORTULACACEAE. FLOW. PL. AFR. Pl. 44. J. Fleischmann del. Talinum euneifolium Willd. A Flowering branch. B Flower cut lengthwise. C Fruit. D Seed. 73. PORTULACACEAE — 74. BASELLACEAE — 75. CARYOPHYLLACEAE IQI 3. Ovule 1. Stamens 4—7. Petals reddish. Fruit indehiscent. Shrubs. — Species 3. South Africa. Used as ornamental or fodder-plants. Portulacaria Jacq. Ovuies 3 or more. Stamens 3 or 8—30. Fruit 3-valved. Herbs or under- shrubs Sa SOS ee eee 4. Ovules 3. Stamens 3. Corolla 5-clefi, slightly irregular, white. Calyx persistent. — Species 1. North Africa and subantarctic islands. Used SS] a ne u eed ae ee ee Montia L. Ovules numerous. Stamens 8—30. Corolla of 5 free or almost free petals, regular. Calyxdeciduous. . . rae 5. Stipules present, but sometimes reduced to a Ben a ae see slightly curved. — cnt 15. South Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants. . . ; . . Anacampseros L. Stipules absent. Embryo ring- edt ‘panicle of the seed with an appendage. — Species 4. Central and South Atrica. Used as vege- nee AT AY) ee Ye) Cp ENT Talinum Adans. FAMILY 74. BASELLACEAE Glabrous, twining herbs. Leaves alternate, broad, entire. Flowers in spikes racemes or panicles, regular, hermaphrodite. Sepals 2, adnate to the corolla at the base. Corolla 5-cleft or 5-parted, imbricate in the bud, per- sistent. Stamens 5, opposite the corolla-lobes and affixed to them at the base. Filaments straight or bent outwards in the bud. Anthers 2-celled, turned outwards. Ovary superior, I-celled. Ovule 1, basal, curved; micropyle inferior. Style 3-partite. Fruit indehiscent. Seed albuminous; embryo curved or spirally twisted. — Genera 2, species 4, Tropics. (Under CHEN- OPODIACEAE or PORTULACACEAE.) Flowers sessile, in spikes or panicles. Filaments broadened below. Stigmas entire. Pericarp membranous. Seed subglobose. Embryo spiral. — Species 3, two spontaneous in East Africa and Madagascar, the third cultivated in various tropical countries. They are used as vegetables, inmedicine,andasdye-plants. . . . tid a ial Basella L. Flowers short-stalked, in racemes. Pilates thread-shaped. Ben ferked. Pericarp somewhat fleshy. Seed sublenticular. Embryo semi- circular. — Species 1. Cultivated in various regions and naturalized in the Mascarene Islands. Used as a vegetable or an ornamental plant. Boussaingaultia H. B. & K. SUBORDER CARYOPHYLLINEAE FAMILY 75. CARYOPHYLLACEAE Herbs or undershrubs, rarely shrubs. Leaves undivided. Perianth usually separated into calyx and corolla. Stamens I—10. Ovary I-celled or incom- pletely 2—5-celled, superior, rarely (Sclerocephalus) half-inferior. Ovules on 192 75. CARYOPHYLLACEAE basal or central placentas, with a distinct funicle, curved or inverted. Seeds albuminous ; embryo usually curved. — Genera 45, species 280. (Including PARONYCHIEAE or ILLECEBRACEAE, ALSINACEAE, and SILE- NACEAE.) (Plate 45.) r ae Sepals free or united up to the insertion of the stamens. Petals not distinctly clawed, sometimes wanting. Receptacle concave or small and rather flat. [Subfamily ALSINOIDEAE.|] . ..... 2 Sepals united beyond the insertion of the stamens. Petals present, usually clawed. Receptacle stalk-like or small and flat. Styles free. [Sub- family SUGENOIDEAE.|« ... » « » « » .» » #9) . nn . Fruit indehiscent or irregularly bursting at the base, rarely at the top. Ovule 1, rarely ovules 2, and then sepals 5. Petals usually scale-like or wanting. Leaves ‘lala rarely exstipulate: in the latter case SEVIS Ay cle ee ae Fruit opening from ite ‘Ne be teeth or valves. Ovules numerous, rarely 2, and then sepals 4, very rarely ovule 1; in this case leaves exstipulate and styles 3. Petals usually perfectly developed. . . . . . 16 . Flowers in clusters of 3, the middle one hermaphrodite, the side flowers male or rudimentary. Stamens nearly hypogynous. Style 1. Ovule one. Embryo almost straight. Leaves opposite, stipulate. {Tribe PTER- Poses Tae OO 10 Sen Bt ee: Flowers all’alike, Stamens perigynous:’? 2" U i Se . Stamens 2—3. Staminodes and petals absent. Sepals 5. Stigmas 3. Clusters of flowers on a rather thin stalk, with entire involucral bracts. Shrubs. — Species 1. Canary Island. . . . Dieheranthus Webb Stamens 4—5. Clusters of flowers with pinnately divided involucral beats, ees, «og! se en ee . Sepals 4. Petals and staminodes none. Stamens 4. Stigmas 2. Clusters of flowers on a much broadened and hollow stalk. — Species I. North a nee BR | co Ee a Sepals 5. Petals or staminodes 5. Stamens 5. Stigmas 3. Clusters of _ flowers on a rather thin stalk. — Species 1. Northern East Africa to Egypt. ble trai iiss haw? ea rer dap tee: > A . Leaves exstipulate. Petals none. Styles 2. Ovule x. Herbs. Leaves opposite. — Species 3. North Africa, Abyssinia, and South Atrica. [Tribe SCLERANTHEAE. ] ce . . » ‚Seleranthus7iz Leaves stipulate. [Tribe PARONYCHIEAE. je la Ma 7 vile. 5. . LION ALA SE eae Oe” Ovules 2. Dee bo a En Er. . SE . Style-branches, stigmas, or stigma-lobes 2, very rarely T, and then style very short. ii 9 Style- Ehaliches, stignhas;: or satiate Jobs 3 ar fately 15 ‘but ten style BIEGEN, Cag ko VS ey CELA top, Det oa anes ro. TEs 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 75. CARYOPHYLLACEAE 193 . Stem woody, shrubby, nodose. Bracts brown. Sepals mucronate. Petals 5, thread-shaped. Style elongated. Stigmas 2. — Species 1. Island‘of Socotra, .... . cate Lochia Balf. fil. Stem herbaceous, raiely woody f ie ye in the latter case sepals obtuse) )™.. iP PANO Flowers in Kanne ad ee oe N Sepals prickly beneath the tip. Petals wanting. Ovary adnate below to the calyx- tube. Fruit bursting at the top. — Species 1. North Africa and Cape Verde islands... .°>.. ».. . . . . Selerocephalus Boiss. Flowers in fascicles; involucre nd ricky. Petals thread-shaped or wane. “Ovary tree. .. . ; LT Sepals blunt, green. Style very mente: en 2: Einbrro curved. Stipules small. — Species 19. North and South Airica, Abyssinia, Cape Verde Islands. Someareusedinmedicine. . . . Herniarial. Sepals more or less hooded, with a dorsal point beneath the tip. . . 12 Seed with a straight embryo. Stigma I, entire or 2-lobed, nearly sessile. Stamens 5. Petals thread-shaped. Sepals white. Leaves in false whorls ; stipules very small. — aoe I. North-west Africa. Used in melee. Bau ee Ilecebrum L. Seed with a curved Abb ae I, ee lobed, or more frequently stigmas 2. Stipules large or rather large. — Species 15. North Africa and northern Central Africa. Some are used in medicine or yield a substitute for tea... . . A Parcnychia Juss. Sepals awned. Petals awl- abe Style el with 3 stigmas. Low shrubs with knotty branches. Leaves narrow. — Species 1. North Africa. ARERTEN DRIN, . . . Gymnoearpos Forsk. Sepals blunt. Petals scale-like. Style fens with I stigma, or short with ersnigmias. Herbst H5W, hove iy 14 Style long, with I stigma. Tete sible? aval — aa I. Island of Socotra. Bal Levine, a Balt fil. Style short, with 3 SEES De ap or alternate, narrow. — Species 3. North and South Africa and mountains of East Africa and Madagascar." "Wi, 74 tar eS Corrigiola L. (7.) Petals 5. Stamens 5. ee sel. Leaves linear, fleshy. — Species aa Nubia, PU )")"! Y; . . . .Sphaeroecoma Anders. Petals none. Stamens I—2. Pane straight or almost so. Leaves lanceolate, flat. — Species 2. South and Central Africa. Pollichia Soland. (2.) Styles united below. [Tribe pe Sap et lett deed aad AT Styles free from the base. . . Pe RASS 20 Sepals 4, concave, minutely tostiied: petals none. Stamens 3. Ovules few. Style short; stigmas 2. Flowers solitary, axillary, with two bracteoles. Leaves very small, densely crowded. — Species 1. Island of Kerguelen. bat Ae ae Celtis PEN. Lyallia Hook. Sepals 5. Stamens3—s. Ovulesnumerous. Stigmas3ori1.. . . 18 194 18. IQ. 20. 2I. 22. 24. 25. 26. 75. CARYOPHYLLACEAE Petals none. Sepals keeled, entire. Stamens 3. Leaves linear. Stipules dark red at the base. — Species 1. North-west Africa (Algeria). Ortegia Loefl. Postals. 5, ait . mateo Petals 2-parted. — BE scies T: Tropigät anid South aie Drymaria Willd. Petals entire, notched, or 2-toothed. . . . 20 Sepals with a tooth on each side. Leaves i aha Semel a up into bristles. — Species 1. North Africa. wi tetods Loeflingia L. Sepalsentire. . . gh eee Sepals keeled. Style oat 3- alee ~~ ~ Species 5 rk are u med- icinally. a ai Polyearpon Loefl. Sepals rounded on the beet Siyle Be or rather long. — Species 25. Some are used medicinally. (Polycarpia Webb, Polia Lour., including Robbairea Boiss.) (Plate 45.) . . . . . . Polyearpaea Lam. (16.) Leaves with scarious stipules. Ovules numerous. [Tribe SPER- GULEAE} x: 45 saltie - cemeee. tec. ee sop of aeeen 29. 30. 31. 32° 33- 34. 35: 36. 37: 38 75. CARYOPHYLLACEAE 195 Styles as many as the sepals, 4—5. eee UT ip), ‚User IR ae Styles fewer than the sepals, 2—4, veryrarely5. . . . : Styles opposite the sepals. Stamens 8. Fruit opening at the 15 by 8 recurved teeth. Leaves lanceolate. — Species 1. North Africa (Under Cerastium L.). . . . . 22.202. Moenchia Ehrh. Styles alternating with the sepals. Stamens 4, 5, or Io. Fruit opening boithe-basein 4-5 walveay vun F OMSL SI ero” Lo. aE Stamens as many as and alternating with the sepals. Petals none. — Species 2. Subantarcticislands. . . . . . Colobanthus Bartl. Stamens as many as and opposite the sepals, or twice as many. Leaves subulate. — Species 7. North Africa, high mountains of Central Africa and subantarctic islands. Some are usedasornamental plants. “ Pearl- WOLFE. 1), HINDAL 7 eae Fi ED Sagina L. Styles 2. Ovules 2—4. Vey 2—4. Sandie 4. Fruit opening to the base in 2 valves. Seeds 1—2. Leaves subulate. — Species 5. North- west Africa. . . 20770 ‚E91. Styles 3—5, rarely 2, but kin. (es such Send more than 4. Sepals nearly always 5. . . . . . a FRE © Valves of the fruit entire, as many as sets. — "oäakks 8. North Africa and northern East Africa. (Including Minuartia L., under Arenaria L.) Alsine Wahlenb. Valves of the fruit 2-toothed or 2-parted ; in the latter case apparently twice as many as styles. . . . . : sin aleted 34 Seeds with an appendage at the hilum. Fttbides white. — Species 2. North-west Africa. (Under ArenariaL.) . . . . Moehringia L. Seeds without an appendage. Stamens Io. — Species I0. North Africa and northern Central Africa. “Sandwort.” . . . Arenaria L. (r.) Calyx with an odd number of ribs. Petals usually with contorted aestivation. Styles or stigmas 2. [Tribe DIANTHEAE.]. . . 36 Calyx with an even number of ribs. Petals usually with quincuncially- imbricateaestivation. Stylesorstigmas 3—5. [Tribe LYCHNIDEAE. | 4I Calyx with scarious stripes between the lobes and with 5—35 ribs.. . 37 Calyx without scarious stripes, with 555 ribs . . . . . . + 38 Seeds peltate; embryo nearly straight. Leaves linear. — Species 2. North Africa. (Including Dianthella Clauson) . . Tunica Scop. Seeds reniform ; embryo curved. Leaves lanceolate, oblong, elliptical, or ovate.— Species 2 North-east Africa to the Island of Socotra. The roots are used in medicine and as a substitute forsoap. .Gypsophila L. Petals with scales at the base of the blade, which are sometimes reduced to hairs. Calyx not surrounded by bracts. . . ns) Petals without scales at the base of the blade, but isudlly with a winged a ee 196 75. CARYOPHYLLACEAE 3a. Flowers small. Calyx tubular, 15-ribbed. Petals notched ; scales small or reduced to hairs. Stamens 5—ıo. Fruit linear. Seeds with an anterior hilum and a eee ilies Leaves linear. — Species I. North Africa, N disah: Velezia L. Flowers rather large. Calyx 15—25- peers Petals with wing-like out- growths on the claw and with scales at the base of the blade. Stamens ro. Seeds with a lateral hilum and a curved embryo. Leaves lanceolate. — Species 4. North Africa. They are used as ornamental or medicinal plants and yield also asubstitute for soap. ““ Soapwort.” . Saponaria L. 40. Calyx ventricose, acutely angled, with 15—25 ribs, not surrounded by bracts. Petals minutely toothed. Fruit ovoid. Seeds with a lateral hilum and a curved embryo. — Species I. North Africa. The roots are used as a substitute tor soap. (Under Saponaria L.) Vacearia Medik. Calyx tubular, with 35—55 ribs, surrounded by two or more bracts at the base. Seeds with an anterior hilum and a straight embryo. — Species 25. North and South Africa and mountains of Central Africa, Many of them are used as ornamental plants or for the preparation of Feine, 02 Pink)’; „200 ee ashi ye sieh oot lane 41. (35.) Styles 5, alternating with the ey Ovary and fruit completely I-celled. Petals without scales at the baseofthe blade. . . . . 42 Styles 5, opposite the sepals, or 3—4. Stamens10. . . . . . . 43 42. Petals with a two-winged claw. Stamens Io. Styles hairy. Ovules numerous. — Species I. North Africa, also introduced into South Africa. The seeds are poisonous and used in medicine. “ Corncockle.” (Githago Desfont., under Lychnis L.) . . . . +. Agrostemma L. Petals with a wingless claw. Stamens 5. Styles glabrous. Ovules few. — Species 3. Northern East Africa and Cameroons. Uebelinia Hochst. 43. Ovary and fruit completely I-celled. Calyx more or less inflated, I0—20- ribbed. Petals with scales at the base of the blade. Fruit opening by 6—10 teeth. Seeds tubercled. — Species 6. North-west and South Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants, or asa substitute for soap. (Under :Lychmts L.), .., -.6 gad) nein |» oy Melandryum. Rees Ovary and fruit divided into cellsat the basen. . 2.2 2 . . + 44 44. Fruit a berry. Calyx shortly and widely bell-shaped. Petals greenish- white, with a recurved 2-cleft blade provided with two scales at its base. Styles 3. Stem climbing. Leaves ovate or oblong. — Species I. North-west Africa hi SEN Cucubalus L. Fruit a capsule, opening ee more Be eifiohkes 75. North and South Africa and mountains of Central Africa. Some are used as a sub- stitute tor soap, as vegetables, in medicine or as ornamental plants. (In- cluding Eudianthe Rohrb ) Joa Sit te Felt Silene L CARYOPHYLLACEAE. BLOW, PL. AFR Pl. 45. J. Fleischmann del. Polycarpaea linearifolia DC. A Plant in flower. B Flower cut lengthwise. C Fruit. D Seed. RANUNCULACEAE. FLOW. PL. AFR. Pl. 46. J Fleischmann del Anemone vesicatoria (L. i.) Prantl A Leaf. B Inflorescence. C Flower cut lengthwise. 76. NYMPHAEACEAE — 77. CERATOPHYLLACEAE — 78. RANUNCULACEAE 197 ORDER RANALES SUBORDER NYMPHAEINEAE FAMILY 76. NYMPHAEACEAE Aquatic herbs. Leaves floating, undivided, usually peltate. Flowers solitary. Sepals 3 or more. Petals 3 or more. Stamens numerous. Anthers opening inwards by longitudinal slits. Carpels 6 or more, distinct or united below into a many-celled ovary. Stigmas free or partly united. Fruit in- dehiscent or bursting irregularly. Seeds albuminous. — Genera 3, species 20. 1. Carpels separate, few-ovuled. Sepals 3. Petals 3. Flowers red, axillary. Leaves ovate, without stipules. — Species I. Southern West Africa (Angola). Used medicinally. ca Michx.) [Subfamily CAB- UMBONDEAE.| .... 4.0... PER Brasenia Schreb. Carpels united, at least on the a many-ovuled. Sepals 4—5. Petals numerous. [Subfamily NYMPHAEOIDEAE.| . . . 2 2. Sepals 4. Ovary more or less free from the calyx, but ee % the corolla and the stamens. Seeds with an aril. Leaves with a stipule. Leaf- and flower-stalks with 4—7 large air-canals. — Species 20. Used as ornamental and fodder- plants; the root-stock and the seeds are edible and yield a drink, medicaments, and a dye. “ Water-lily.” (Castalia Salisb.) [Tribe TETRASEPALEAE.] . Nymphaea Smith Sepals 5. Petals smaller. Flowers yellow. Ovary free. Seeds without an aril. Leaves without stipules. Leaf- and flower-stalks with many small air-canals. — Species 1. North-west Africa (Algeria). Used as ornamental plants, as fodder, and for the preparation of a drink. (Nym- phaca Salisb.) [Irbe NUPHAREAE.|] . . . . Nuphar Smith FAMILY 77. CERATOPHYLLACEAE Branched submerged aquatic herbs. Leaves whorled, deeply divided into forked, linear segments. Flowers solitary or in pairs in the axils of the leaves, without bracteoles, unisexual. Perianth simple ; segments 9—12, subequal, united at the base, greenish or whitish. Stamens 12—16, inserted upon a con- vex receptacle ; anthers opening outwards. Ovary superior, I-celled. Ovule 1, pendulous, straight. Style simple; stigma entire, grooved. Fruit a nut. Seed with a thin albumen ; embryo with a large, many-leaved plumule. weemusetosametey zaltiisile oro! .olt he) anal Fil Ceratophyllum L. SUBORDER RANUNCULINEAE FAMILY 78. RANUNCULACEAE Herbs, undershrubs, or shrubs. Leaves usually divided. Perianth simple or consisting of a calyx and a corolla of free petals, hypogynous or nearly so. Stamens usually numerous. Anthers opening by longitudinal slits. Carpels 198 78. RANUNCULACEAE superior, solitary or separate, rarely (Nigella) united. Ovules inverted. Seeds with a straight embryo and copious albumen. — Genera II, species 140. (Plate 46.) 1. Carpels containing each a single perfect ovule and sometimes some rudi- mentary ones, separate, indehiscent. [Tribe ANEMONEAE.]. . 2 Carpels containing several perfect ovules each, dehiscing at the suture. 7 2. Petals with a pit or scaleat the baseorthemidde. . . . . . . 3 Petals without a pit or scale, or wanting. Ovulependulous. . . 4 3. Ovule pendulous. Carpels arranged in a spike. Sepals with a one spur, yellowish. Petals narrow. Stamens few. Pericarp without a hardened layer. Small herbs. Leaves radical, undivided, linear. — Species 2. North-west Africa. Poisonous plants. ““Mousetail.” Myosurus L. Ovule ascending. Pericarp with a hardened layer. — Species 50. Many of them are poisonous, some are used as ornamental or medicinal plants. (Including Ceratocephalus Pers. and Ficaria Dill.) . . Ranuneulus L. 4. Ovary and fruit with 1—3 longitudinal veins or without veins. Ovule with.a'single’chal: 3... Z aps Ovary and fruit with 4 or more I or Be. veins. Ovule with 2 coats. Leavesalternateorallradical . . . . . haa 5. Leaves opposite. Herbs or more frequently climbing shrubs. Per segments 4—8, petal-like, usually valvate in the bud. — Species 40. Many of them are RAT ; some are used as ornamental or medicinal Digetier > ni) aba - +, « _ Glomatisae Leaves radical and N or the Peper whorled. Herbs, rarely low shrubs. Perianth-segments 4—20, imbricate in the bud. — Species 15. North, South, and East Africa. Several are poisonous ; some are used as ornamental or medicinal EY (Including Knowltonia Salisb.) (Plate 46.) (ee . . . Anemone L. 6. Perianth simple, of 3—5 ne ne ee, upon a flat receptacle, marked with longitudinal veins. Flowers in racemes or cymes. — Species 4. Poisonous plants, used for dyeing and in medicine. Thalietrum L. Perianth of 5 sepals and 5—ı6 petals. Carpels inserted upon a cylindrical receptacle, marked with transverse veins. Flowers solitary, terminal. — Species 4. North Africa. Poisonous, also used in medicine and as ornamental plants. . . . „srl „udohisscl, 7. (1.) Perianth consisting of 5 or more er ‘a 5—8 red, not glandular petals. Stamens united at the base, slightly perigynous. Carpels several, separate, fleshy. Outer coat of the ovules longer than the inner. — Species 1. North-west Africa. Poisonous and used as an orna- mental and medicinal plant. [Tribe PAEONIEAE.) Paeonia L. Perianth consisting of 5 petal-like, usually blue sepals and r1—8 glandular petals (nectaries). Stamens free, hypogynous. Carpels not fleshy. Outer coat of the ovules as long as or shorter than the inner. [Tribe HEELEBORBABN ye yiuinwe eediak conan vilener exo EE en nn. 78. RANUNCULACEAE — 79. BERBERIDACEAE 199 eee reaver) wenansey ee. eee DE 3 SIRT Tante 0 YE Perianth irregular. Petals 1—4, usually 2. . . , ero 9. Petals 5, large, with a long spur. Carpels Ulparale. Peaves ternately dissected; segments broad. Tall, perennial herbs. — Species 1. North- west Africa. Used as an ornamental as and in medicine. ‘‘ Colum- Diners Sa Aquilegia L. Petals 8, small, Rois distivictly gonida Earbeks more or less united. Leaves pinnately dissected ; segments narrow. Low annual herbs. — Species 6. North Africa. Some (especially N. sativa L.) yield con- diments and medicaments, others serve as ornamental plants. Nigella L. to. Petals with a long claw, enclosed by the sepals. Upper sepal erect, helmet- shaped. Flowers yellow. — Species 1. North-west Africa (Morocco). Poisonous and used in medicine. F . . Aconitum L. Petals sessile, projecting beyond the sepals. ‚Uber sepal spreading, spur- shaped. — Species 18. North and East Africa. Some are poisonous or used in medicine or as ornamental plants. “ Larkspur.” Delphinium L. FAMILY 79. BERBERIDACEAE Leaves alternate or all radical. Flowers in racemes, hermaphrodite. Sepals 4—9, more or less petal-like and yellow, at least the inner ones. Petals (nect- aries) 4—8. Stamens 4—6, free. Anthers turned inwards, opening by valves. Ovary superior, I-celled. Ovules 2 or more, basal or inserted along the ventral suture. Stigma I. Fruit a capsule or a berry. Seeds with a straight embryo and copious albumen. — Genera 3, species 6. North and East Africa. I. Stem woody, shrubby. Leaves undivided. Inflorescence terminal. Flow- ers 6-merous. Fruit a berry. — Species 4. North and East Africa. They yield timber, tanning and dyeing materials, fish-poison, medica- ments, and edible fruits which are also used for the preparation of drinks and contectionery. ‘‘ Barberry.” [Tribe BERBERIDEAE.] Berberis L. Stem herbaceous, low. Leaves dissected. Inflorescence lateral. Fruit a Gapsiie. wiitipe PPLIMEDIBAR |. 8. ey PE 2. Flowers 4-merous. Ovules many, inserted Moa ir Fein suture. Fruit openirg by two valves. Seedswith an aril. — Species1. North- EST ER ces Epimedium L. Flowers 6-merous. Ovules few, eh, fend het irregularly. Seeds without an aril. — Species 1. North-west Africa. The tubers are used in medicine and as a substitute for scap. . . . . Leontice L. FAMILY 80. MENISPERMACEAE Stem usually woody and twining. Leaves alternate, undivided, palmately lobed or digitate, nearly always exstipulate. Flowers small, unisexual, nearly always dioecious, mostly in racemes or panicles. Sepals usually 6. Petals 200 80. MENISPERMACEAE usually 6, smaller than the sepals, sometimes absent. Stamens generally as many as and opposite the petals. Anthers opening by slits. Carpels 3—30, separate, more rarely solitary. Ovule 1, pendulous or laterally affixed, half- inverted with superior micropyle, sometimes accompanied at first by a second which is soon suppressed. Fruits drupaceous. — Genera 27, species 100. (Plate 47.) 1. Sepals 4 in the male flowers, I—2 in the female. Petals of the male flowers 2—4, united below, of the female 1—3. Stamens united. Carpels ROBERN ies. s 2 Sepals 6—24, rarely (Stephania) in ithe Pete, pea ete ats Petals free or wanting. Carpels 3—30, free, rarely (Stephania) solitary. . 3 2. Female flowers with 1 sepal and 1 petal, rarely with 2—3 petals, in cymes. Leaves broad. Usually high-climbing plants. — Species 12. Tropical and South Africa. Some are used medicinally. . . Cissampelos L. Female flowers with 2 sepals and 2 petals, solitary or in pairs. Leaves usually narrow. Low-growing plants. — Species 4. South Africa. (Under Cissampelos L.) : . . . Antizoma Miers 3. Sepals 6—8, usually 6, rarely in the female Nase 3A unse men = Ve Sepals 9—24. é > 4. Sepals 6—8 in sie rales ripen en in ihe Females RE aba in length. Petals 2—4. Carpels solitary. — Species 5. Central and South Africa. (Including Homocnemia Miers and Perichasma Miers) Stephania Lour. Sepals 6—8 in bothsexes. Petalsusually6. Carpels3—6.. . . . 5 5. Sepalsnearly equalinlength. . . rs Sepals very unequal in length, the ay an Inch eer than the inner. i 7 6. Petals none. arte eee a i payee igen ee Stigmas thick, entire. — Species 5. Central Africa. (Including Ropalandria Stapf) . . . . . .. Dioscoreophyllum Engl. Petals 6. Anthers opening De Stigmas lobed. Leaves lobed. — Species 2. Tropical and South-east Africa. Used medicinally. “Calumba-root.” . . a Iatrorrhiza Miers 7. Petals 3. Stamens 3. N ER Re the middle. Anthers opening by a transverse slit. Flowers in spreading panicles. Leaves sinuated or dissected. — Species 3. Equatorial West Africa. Syntriandrium Engl. Petals 5—8, usually 6, rarely (Tiliacora) 3, but then stamens 6—9 and leaves undivided, very rarely (Penianthus) petals wanting. . . . 8 8. Stamens 15—30. Filaments united. Anthers opening outwards by a transverse slit. Carpels 4—6. Inner sepais united nearly to the top. Male flowers fascicled, female solitary. -— Species 2. Central Africa to Delagoa Bay. . . 5 ven Seat Ud WUE Seca Epinetrum Hiern Stamers 3—9, usually 4 ers La Wit boc Selene oe g. Filaments free or united at the base 2 lass > beulnite Filaments, at least the inner ones, united to the middle or beyond rt Io. Ts I2. ee 14. 15. 16. 17. 80. MENISPERMACEAE 201 Anthers. opening by 2-2 tramsverse slits.ı . 10.1.9 111. stets ee de ET Anthers opening by 2 longitudinal slits af. er: Anthers opening by two slits. Staminodes in thd Ge an 6 or 0. Stigmas entire. Fruits ovoid, reniform, or globular; scar of the style nearly basal. Endocarp ribbed. Seeds with a scanty uniform albumen and thick-fleshy cotyledons. Flowers in fascicles sometimes arranged in racemes. — Species 5. Tropics to Delagoa Bay, Sahara and Egypt. They yield dyes, drinks, and medicaments. (Cebatha Forsk.) (Plate 47.) Coceulus L. Anthers opening by one slit. Fruits ‘ore or elliptical ; scar of the style nearly terminal. . . . sd) 052 Anthers opening by a slit across ‘the apex. Stamtinodes in Se female flowers 6 oro. Stigmas entire. Endocarp smooth. Seeds exalbuminous, with fleshy cotyledons. Stem erect. Leaves lanceolate to ovate, penninerved. Flowers in glomerules or false umbels. — Species 2. West Africa. (Including Heptacyclum Engl.) . . Penianthus Miers Anthers opening by a semicircular slit on the inside. Staminodes 3. Stigmas 3-cleft. Endocarp spiny. Seeds with a ruminate albumen and thin leaf-like cotyledons. Stem climbing. Leaves cordate-ovate, 5- nerved. Male flowers in spreading panicles, female in racemes. — species 4.5 /West African!) i. |: . . . Kolobopetalum Engl. Anthers opening laterally, almost Rande: Carpels 3.° Leaves cordate- ovate, palmately 5—7-nerved. . . . 14 Anthers opening inwards. Leaves eee 3- eee ee or penni- nerved. ; 15 Leaves deeply Rardaté ht ne le Styles a mie * the fe male flowers 6.— Species 1. Northern Central Africa. Tinospora Miers Leaves slightly cordate. Styles none. Filaments united at the base. — Species 7. Tropical and South-east Africa. . Desmonema Miers Leaves palmately 3-nerved, oblong. Carpels 3. Seeds straight. — Species 1. Madagascar. (Under Cocculus DC.) . Orthogynium Baill. Leaves peltate or penninerved. Seeds curved. . . . . 16 Leaves peltate. Flowers in racemes. Filaments free, dit creel publocarp tubercled, hairy. Cotyledons thin, leaf-like. — Species 1. West Africa (Cameroons). (Under Tinospora Miers). . . . Platytinospora Diels Leaves lanceolate to ovate, not peltate. Carpels 6 or more. Staminodes in the female flowers none. Fruits with a basal style-scar ; endocarp smooth or wrinkled. Cotyledons thick, fleshy. — Species 12. Central Africa. (Including Glossopholis Pierre. under Limacia Lour.) Tiliacora Colebr. (9.) Outer stamens free, inner united to the middle. Carpelsg; scar of the style basal. Seeds spirally twisted, without albumen. Leaves oblong or lanceolate. Flowers in panicles. — Species 1. Madagascar. Spirospermum Thouars Outer and inner stamens more or less united. . . . . . - . . 8 18. 19. 20. 2I. 23. iS) Un 26. 27. 28. 80. MENISPERMACEAE Outer stamens united at the base, inner up to the anthers. Anthers opening lengthwise, the inner laterally, the outer inwards. Carpels 3; endocarp spiny. Leaves cordate-ovate. Flowers fascicled in racemes. — Species 1. West Africa. (Miersiophyton Engl., under Chasman- thera Miers) . . . . . Rhigiocarya Miers Outer and inner stamens ahiteg ‘0 the ze orcbeyond.- ">. Da aa Anthers opening by a semicircular slit. Carpels 3; stigmas 3-cleft. Endocarp spiny. Flowers in panicles. (Sec 12.) Kolobopetalum Engl. Anthers opening by two longitudinal slits. Endocarp smooth, wrinkled, or tubaerdied. 12 1. 2.0 BGA Denise) SOE AC MD STOP Carpels 6—30. Scar of the style basal. Cotyledons fleshy. Anthers opening inwards. (See: 16.) BERNIE WiYAsy Tiliacora Colebr. Carpels 3. Scar of the style terminal. Flowers fascicled in racemes. . 21 Petals unequal. Style none. Leaves undivided. (See 14.) Desmonema Miers Petals subequal. Stamens 6. Styles short. Stigmas cleft. Leaves broadly cordate. — Species 2. Central Africa. One species has edible tubers. wT & . . . Chasmanthera Hochst. . (3.) Inner sepals intel wei ® he ips NYO? Ut Sao) HERZ Inner sepals free or nearlyso. . . iol, UST TREE Stamens 6—9. Filaments united at ie bie taeilttiers opening length- wise. Flowers solitary or in pairs. — Species I. West Africa. Synelisia Benth. Stamens 315—3¥. Filaments united throughout their whole length. Anthers opening transversely. Male flowers fascicled, female solitary (See 8.) Er „ad POS, te BIBDIO) Epinetrum Hiern : Petals none. . . J) Qh aS qil MORE ID engi) SS Petals 3—9, usually 6 Lb URS, 27 . Stamens 3. Filaments united. Adıthers opening ser ene tra slits. Carpels 3—4. Scar of the style near the base of the fruit. Leaves broad-cordate. Flowers in fascicled an — Species 2. West Ba. 20, - 2... Syrrheonema Miers Stamens 3, with tree -flladnelits, or 56, Anthers cpening by sometimes confluent longitudinal slits. Scar of the style terminal or lateral. . 26 Carpels 3. Styles absent. Stigmas peltate. Anthers opening by con- fluent slits. Stem erect. Flowers in glomeruies. (See 12.) Penianthus Miers Carpels 6 or more. Styles present. Stem climbing. Flowers in lax cymes or in panicles. — Species 12. Tropics. (Including Pycnostylis Pierre, Rameya Baill., and Welwitschiina Engl.) Triclisia Benth. Petals 9. Stamens 21. Carpels 12. — Species x. West Africa. Sphenocentrum Pierre Pots. 3620). rg, Seg alone, 20 Angldo, . soe kdaeOte.Colebr. SUBORDER MAGNOLIINEAE. FAMILY 81. ANONACEAE. Shrubs or trees. Leaves undivided, without stipules. Flowers usually hermaphrodite. Sepals 3, rarely 2, usually valvate in the bud. Petals 3—6, fiee or united at the base. Stamens hypogynous, 6 or more, usually numerous rarely (Bocagea) 3. Anthers nearly always turned outwards. Carpels 3 or more, separate, more rarely united and forming a one- or many-celled ovary. Ovules irverted. Fruit usually a berry. Seeds with a copious, ruminate albumen and a small embryo. — Genera 27, species 240. (Plate 48.) 1. Carpels whorled and united, forming a I-celled ovary with parietal placen- eeCUsPabe MONODOREAE.) im N Bar aa Dei 2 Carpels spirally arranged, free, more rareıy united, and then forming a IMmany-cellediOwany. cieciaeise! „beine sacl. une |. 3 2. Petals unequal, free or the outer united below, EINER with a wavy margin. — Species 15. Tropics to Delagoa Bay. The seeds of some species are used as condiments and in medicine. . . Monodora Dun. 204 81. ANONACEAE Petals equal, more or less united below, not wavy at the margin. — Species 15. Tropics. (Under Monodora Dun.) . . Isolona (Pierre) Engl. . Petals 6, the inner greatly exceeding the outer. Carpels 4—6, with united stigmas; ovules 6—10 to each. Trees with long-haired branches. Flowers in panicles. — Se 5. West Africa (Cameroons). [Tribe MEAUSEAE.) : sm. cats } sciosid Piptostigma Oliv. Petals 6, about equal in length, or the inner 7; or petals 34... . 4 . Petals thick, more or less distinctly jointed into an inferior hollow portion and a superior flat or thickened one, erect or connivent, rarely spreading, valvate in the bud, very rarely (Anona) the inner imbricate at the apex. [Tribe STEOPBARET On 2 Petals thin or rather thin, rarely thick, not jointed and usually spreading, but sometimes hollow or with a short claw appressed to the stamens. IO . Carpels united in fruit. Ovule 1. Styles oblong. Petals 3, alternate with the sepals, or 6. — Species Io, six of them spontaneous in tropical and South-east Africa, 4 cultivated in various regions. They yield cork-wood, fitre, gum-lac, tans and dyes, poisons, medicaments, a substitute for tea, and edible fruits (custard-apple, sour-sop, and others) from which also drinks are prepared. (Plate 48.) [Subtribe ANONINAE. ] Anona L. Carpels free till maturity. [Subtribe xYLoPIINAE.] . «ne . Ovules solitary. . . ee eek p eg enn Ovules 2 or more to each ea Petals6. . .., „. 0 . Petals 3, opposite the sepals. Stigmas sessile. Trees with a yellow bark and yellow hairs. — Species 3. Central Africa. They yield timber, dyes, and medicaments. (Under Xylopia L.) . . Enantia Oliv. Petals 6, the outer greatly exceeding the inner. Stigmas borne upon linear styles. — Species 6. Equatorial West Africa. (Under Oxymuitra Blume) . « JAABDAROKA: ..14, Steianthera, (Oliv.) Engl. & Diels . Carpels containing numerous ovules or seeds, coiled spirally when ripe and contracted between the seeds. Trees. — Species 1. German East Africa. . . » 223 2.22.00 « « Polyeeratocarpus Engl. & Diels Carpels containing 2—8 ovules or 1—8 seeds, straight or slightly curved MECN TPC, 10 «nme 5 and Daun hol Mt} rer aoe Se eee . Petals spreading, subequal. Ovules 2. Stalks of the inflorescence and the fowers usually thickened and hooked. Mostly climbing or scrambling shrubs. — Species 18. Tropics to eee Bay. Some have edible fruits or are used in medicine. . . . . Artabotrys R. Br. Petals suberect or connivent, the inner Pe and triangular above. Sepals more or less united. Receptacle usually concave. Ovules 2—8, inserted along the ventral suture. Styles long. — Species 30. Tropics. Some yield timber, spices (guinea-pepper), and medicaments. (Bylegicram P. Briile cc: of bom ei aguidtined a5 best rte Xylopia L. LO. IR. I2. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. :I8; 10. 20. 8I. ANONACEAE 205 (4.) Petals tranversely folded, at least in the bud, united at the base, subequal. Carpels 3—12, hairy; ovules numerous ; styles 2-cleft. — Species 6. Tropics. [Tribe HEXALOBEAE.] . Hexalobus A. DC. Petals not folded, usually free. [Tribe UVARIEAE.] . . . . . ı Petals valvate in the bud. Carpels free. [Subtribe UNONINAE.] . . 12 Petals, at least the inner ones, imbricate in the bud. [Subtribe uvar- IINAE.| : . on aS Petals 3—4. Sees or ee Hope Zi, Cinheriine ai the Ser not or scarcely prolonged. Carpels and ovules numerous. Flowers uni- Sema eye HT, 9 73 Petals 6. Sepals 3. Odinective usually en Heyahld Janne anther- Bells. eed eeTOe Tr Petals 3, thick. Bigwes in cutest ene hate sie old wood, the female somewhat iarger than the male. Trees. — Species 1. Equator- jar West Africa (Congo). 2°." age one. ’Dhonnera De! Wild. en ol etqses) ol). bas ziswo wt) of ss bis? 14 Petals free. Flowers in clusters springing from the old wood, the female much larger than the male. Trees. — Species 2. Equatorial West Aelricann.) * . . .. Tetrastemma Diels Petals united Bee Blas een a the female about as large as the male. Shrubs. — Rs I. Equatorial West Africa (Cameroons)... ». ar) es ‚Uvarliopsis Engl. Petals in I row, rather ev! Shane 12, six of them sometimes sterile. Anther-cells ovate. Carpels numerous, I-seeded. — Species 2. West Pumicas(eongo)ert uteleios Aluldr Mohn sivos Monanthotaxis Baill. Petals in 2,T0W8 ı . |. : ua, 10 Outer petals spreading, inner aller and ee SLES 30. Tropical and South-east Africa. (Including Clathrospermum Planch.) Popowia Endl. Outer and inner petals spreading or erect. bike of Stamens 3—6 ; connective ovate, roland above, nit, N dilate Gar: pels 3, one-seeded. — Species I. xi ania . . Boeagea St. Hil. Stamens numerous. . . on eee vat ee Le Stamens with an eerie N Ovules several. Style short. Fruit slightly constricted between the seeds. Trees. Flowers in axillary clusters. — Species 1 (C. odorata Hook. f. & Thoms., Ylang- Ylang). Cultivated ir the tropics for its fragrant flowers, which yield a perfome.; .) 2,34. 2... Cananga Rumph Stamens with a eanedtee or camesied sonnestive Er . IQ Style long. Ovules 2. Peduncles thick and u} Grdning shrubs. Scere) means | FRIIS Py le he Artabotrys R. Br. Style short or wanting. . . dr 5, Ovules 1—2 to each carpel, ee Bae: ana ee raate Kreta between the seeds, and young branches leaves and flowers glabrous or clothed with simple hairs. Carpels usuallynumerous. . . . . + «+ 21 206 81. ANONACEAE — 82. MYRISTICACEAE Ovules 10—30 to each carpel, rarely 8, but then fruits not constricted between the seeds, and young branches leaves and flowers clothed with stellate hairs. Carpels usually few. dire qc. 2s 21. Fruit-carpels with a single seed appressed to the pari or with 2—8 seeds, and ‘then constricted between them. Style present. Flowers hermaphrodite. — Species 9. Tropics. . . . . Unona L. f. Fruit-carpels with a single seed not appressed to the pericarp, or with 2 seeds without a distinct constriction between them. Ovules I—2. — Species 8. Tropics. Several species yield timber. Polyalthia Blume 22. Sepals small. Plants covered with stellate hairs. — Species 2. Central Africa. (Under Unona L. f.) . . . Meiocarpidium Engl. & Diels Sepals large. Plants covered with simple hairs,or glabrous. — Species 3. Central Africa... en een. VvaziastrumsEngl: 23. (11.) Ovules I—2 in each rel una cect omas) dedwostod les Ovules numerous in each carpel. . . . 0), ool. 1a Te 24. Carpels united as to the ovary and sunk in the receptacle, numerous, one- seeded. Flowers unisexual, with two large bracteoles enclosing the bud. Sepals 3, small. — Species 2. Equatorial West Africa. (Under Anna). ... ine Anonidium Engl. & Diels Carpels free. Flowers TERROR BL Er N BP zn AM 25. Sepals large, leathery, cohering in the bud. Outer et ovate, scarcely larger than the inner. Receptacle- rather flat. Carpels 6—9, one- ovuled ; styles linear. Shrubs. — Species 1. Southern East Africa. (Under -Umona Lith. 00 © TTS! Cleistochlamys Oliv. Sepals small, membranous. Outer en oblong, larger than the inner. Receptacle convex. Carpels usually 2-ovuled ; stigmas usually sessile. — Species 9. West Africa. (Under Oxymitra Benth.) Cleistopholis Pierre 26. Carpels united, at least in fruit, numerous. Petals much overlapping in the bud. Flowers on dwarf shoots, with a thick stalk and two large bracteoles enclosing the bud. Plants covered with stellate hairs. — Species 2. Equatorial West Africa. Pachypodanthium Engl. & Diels Carpe Tee rn te 2 + 2 SERIE EEE 27. Stigmas lanceolate ; margin not rolled inwards, or at the base only. Carpels about 10. Sepals triangular. Petals lanceolate, united at the base, greatly exceeding the calyx. — Species 1. East Africa. (Asteran- thopsis O. Ktze., under Uvaria L.) . . Asteranthe Engl. & Diels Stigmas truncate; margin rolled inwards all round. Petals usually free. — Species 55. Tropical and South-east Africa. Some species yield edible fruits, dyes, or medicaments. . . . . . Wvarial. FAMILY 82. MYRISTICACEAE. Trees or shrubs. Leaves entire, penninerved, without stipules. Flowers dioecious. Perianth simple, 2—5-, usually 3-lobed. Stamens 2—40; fila- 82. MYRISTICACEAE 207 ments more or iess, usually wholly, united; anthers 2-celled, turned outwards. Ovary superior, I-celled ; ovule I, ascending, inverted; stigma I. Fruit fleshy, usually dehiscent. Seed with an aril; albumen copious ; embryo small. — Genera 9, species 25. Tropics. (Plate 49.) I. Stamens 30—40 ; filaments united at the base. Style distinctly developed. Aril very small. Inflorescence head-like. — Species 1. Madagascar. Mauloutehia Warb. Stamens 2—24; filaments wholly united. Style very short or absent. Arıl distinctly developed. . . . 2 2. Flowers with a bracteole at the base of the Ei en in racemes or panicles, or the female solitary. Anthers 8—24. Fruit ovoid, dehiscent. Aril slit. Albumen ruminate. Embryo with spreading cotyledons. — Species 2. Cultivated in several tropical islands. The seeds (nutmeg) and the arils (mace) are used as spices and medicaments and for the preparation of perfumes; the pericarp is edible. Myristica L. Flowers, at least the male, without bracteoles. Anthers2—10.. . . 3 3. Flowers rather large, stalked, in cymosely arranged fascicles. Perianth funnel-shaped. Anthers 4—10, somewhat shorter than the united filaments. Fruit very large, subgiobose, indehiscent. Aril entire. Albumen ruminate. Embryo with spreading cotyledons. Lateral nerves of the leaves not forked, joined by distinct arches close to the margin ; transverse veins faint. — Species 3. West Africa. They yield timber and oil. (Including Ochocoa Pierre). SeyphocephaliumWarb. Flowers very small, in fascicles or heads, which are sometimes arranged in racemes or panicles. Fruit ovoid or elliptical, dehiscent. Embryo with suberect cotyledons. Say 4. Flowers in simple. fascicle- or feda. like ide EN Anthers 3—4. Aril almost entire. Albumen not ruminate. Leaves with forked lateral nerves and distinct transverse veins. — Species 4. West Africa. They yield timber. . . . . . Staudtia Warb. Flowers in heads or fascicles, which are cerned in racemes or ae Ari shew „UN Pegasus WO, 2 5 5. Flowers stalked, in dastivdlgsdn Anthers 2—7. Albumen curnmates! Lateral nerves of the leaves not distinctly confluent at the Er waives, 6 Flowers sessile,inheads.. . . . AAT 7 6. Partial inflorescences supported bake an cae ce ene cup- shaped. Anthers 3—5. Albumen with a cavity in the centre. — Species 4. West Africa. They yield timber and oil. Coelocaryon Warb. Partial inflorescences without an involucral disc. Perianth funnel- or pitcher-shaped. Albumen solid in the centre. — Species 1. Cultivated insibextvopics. Theseedsyidldafat. . . . . . Virola Aubl. 7. Heads distinctly stalked. Perianth obovoid or Fe shaped. Anthers 2—4, shorter than the filaments. Albumen ruminate. Lateral nerves of the leaves joined by arches near the margin. — Species 5. West 208 82. MYRISTICACEAE — 83. MONIMIACEAE Africa and Upper Nile. They yield timber and oil. (Under Myristica Ey Neeete ag Se OO Re Heads sessile or nearly so. Perianth cupular. Anthers 3—10. Alhumen maior. | Te, oe Pn ee oe ae 8. Heads large, distant on thie ae ofa tego Anthers 3—4, as long as or somewhat shorter than the filaments. Leaves whitish below ; lateral nerves joined by arches distant from the margin ; transverse veins faint. — Species 1. German East Africa. (Under Brochoneura Warb.) Cephalosphaera Warb. Heads arranged in dense racemes or panicles. Antbers 4—10, usually longer than the filaments. Leaves with forked lateral nerves and nearly as strong transverse veins. — Species 4. Madagascar. The seeds are used as a condiment and yield a fat. (Under Myristica L.) Brochoneura Warb. FAMILY 83. MONIMIACEAE Trees or shrubs. Leaves undivided, without stipules. Flowers unisexual. Perianth simple, 3—6-lobed. Stamens Io or more. Carpels solitary or several and then separate at the time of flowering, often sunk in the receptacle. Ovule 1. Seeds with a small embryo and fleshy albumen. — Genera 6, species 30. (Plate 50.) 1. Anthers opening by valves. Stamens numerous. Carpels 4 or more sunk in the receptacle. Ovules erect. Perianth irregular, strap~ shaped. Leaves alternate. Flowers solitary or in clusters. — Species 3. West Africa. (Plate 50.) [Subfamily ATHEROSPERMOIDEAE, tribe SIPARUNEAE.] . . . . . . Glossoealyx Benth. Anthers opening by longitudinal rn pendulous. Periantb regular ornearlyso. [Subfamily MONIMIOIDEAE.]. . ..... 2 2. Receptacle (floral axis) small. Perianth-segments of the female flowers falling off singly. Stamens numerous. Carpel 1. [Tribe TRIMEN- BEAD. Jae iiiacig 11.12.20 306 Gy wel .aglninet) (0.406 an sree Receptacle large, cup- or urn-shaped, at length bursting. Perianth falling off entire and lid-like, or little developed and ren, Carpels severalor many. . . . elie ful it lo copa 3. Perianth of the male flowers RR... beyond the stamens. Flowers on long stalks, in lax racemes. Leaves alternate. — Species 2. Equator- ial West Africa (Cameroons). . . . . . Chloropatane Engl. Perianth of the male flowers concealed by the stamens. Flowers on short stalks, in dense racemes. Leaves opposite. — Species 3. Tropical and South Africa. They yield timber. (Including Paxiodendron Engl.) Xymalos Baill. 4. Receptacle cup-shaped, subsequently spreading, not enclosing the carpels. Perianth falling off as a whole, lid-like. Stamens 10—12. Anther- halves confluent above. Leaves opposite. Flowers solitary or in MYRISTICACEAE. FLOW. PL. AFR. J. Fleischmann del. Pyenanthus Kombo (Baill.) Warb. A Part of a flowering branch, B Male partial inflorescence. C Male flower, D Fruit, the pericarp cut lengthwise. Pl. 49. MONIMIACEAE. FLOW. PL. AFR. Pl. 50. J. Fleischmann del. Glossocalyx longicuspis Benth. B Female flower. C Female flower cut lengthwise. D Carpel (the ovary cut lengthwise). A Flowering branch. 83. MONIMIACEAE — 84. LAURACEAE 209 clusters, monoecious. — Species 1. Madagascar. (Under Mollinedia Ruiz & Pav.) [Tribe MOLLINEDIEAE.] . . Ephippiandra Decne. Receptacle narrowly pitcher-shaped, subsequently increasing in size and enclosing the carpels. Perianth little developed. Stamens numerous. Anther-halves separate. [Tribe MONIMIEAE.] . . .. . 5 5. Stamens with a gland on each side. Carpels few, not sunk in the receptacle- Shrubs. Leaves opposite. Flowers in cymes, dioecious. — Species 4. Madagascar and the reighbouring islands. They yield timber and medi- Bananen Otc wee meee in Lp ti in i253.) ‘Monimia Thouars Stamens without glands. Carpels numerous, sunk in the receptacle. — Species 20. Madagascar and the neighbouring islands. Some species yield timber, dyes, or medicaments. (Ambora Juss.) Tambourissa Sonn. FAMILY 84. LAURACEAE Trees or shrubs. Leaves undivided, without stipules, sometimes scale-like. Flowers regular. Perianth of 4 or 6 segments. Fertile stamens 4—14, peri- gynous. Anthers opening by 2—4 valves. Ovary superior, very rarely (Hypodaphnis) inferior, 1-celled. Ovule 1, pendulous, inverted. Style simple. Seed exalbuminous ; embryo straight. — Genera 15, species 75. (Plate 51.) I. Anthers 2-celled. [Subfamily LAUROIDEAE.|. . . . . . . 2 Anthers 4-celled. [Subfamily PERSEOIDEAE.|. . . . . . . II 2. Anthers all turned inwards, 8—14, usually 12. Perianth 4-cleft. Flowers in umbels, dioecious or polygamous. Leafy shrubs or trees. — Species 2. North Africa. They yield timber, oil, perfumes, spices, and medica- ments, and are also used as ornamental plants. “ Laurel.” [Tribe eA Ue es A ore dekh hati etek arte MR Laurus L. Anthers partly (the outer) a inwards, partly outwards, 4—12, usually 9. Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous, usually panicled. . . 3 3. Stem thread-shaped, twinirg, parasitic. Leaves reduced to minute scales. Perianth 6-cleft, the outer segments much smaller than the inner. Fertile stamens 9. — Species 4. Southern and tropical Africa. Some are used medicinally. [Tribe CASSYTHEAE.]. . Cassytha L. Stem shrub- or tree-like. Leaves perfectly ag Perianth with 6, tarely 4, subequalserwents . 7 N. - - I date ie Ni 4. Receptacle accrescent, cupuliform, enclosing the fruit. Perianth-segments 6. Fertile stamens 9, rarely 12. [Tribe CRY¥PFOCARYEAE,.|.. 5 Receptacle scarcely or not accrescent, not enclosing the fruit. [Tribe SBOLLONENDERAR |i Ilse “oe Bee > nn > ae 5. Fruit incompletely 6-celled. Pericarp adnate to the PER AR but free from the seed. Cotyledons 6-lobed. Leaves penninerved. — Species 8. Madagascar. They yield timber, oil, condiments, and medicaments. (Agathophyllum Juss.) . . - 2 nn. Ravensara Sonn. o ro. Id. 12. 13. 84. LAURACEAE Fruit completely I-celled. Pericarp easily separable from the receptacle, but adnate to the seed. — cert. 10. Madagascar, South and East AlrTeR. u: ? . . . Cryptoearya R. Br. . Perianth 4-parted. Fertile s stamens 4. Shrubs: Leaves linear-lanceolate. — Species 2. Madagascar... . . . Potameia Thouars Perianth 6-parted or 6-cleft. Fertile stamens Pre, » 0 (tiv 2 ome . Fertile stamens 6, each with 2 et Flowers in racemes. — Species I. Madagascar. . . . . . Berniera Baill. Fertile stamens 9, rarely % all or the ane ones without glands. Flowers in, panicdes..; sine siowened oloaeee PASTE? re 8 . Stamirodes within the fertile stamens none. Filaments abe or obovate, the inner ones each with 2 oblong, wholly adnate glands. — Species 3. Equatorial West Africa (Cameroons). They yield timber. Tylostemon Engl. Staminodes within the fertile stamens present. Inner fertile stamens with. 2 roundish. glands-at them base:! ili mV! „una eae . Perianth persistent. Leaves herbaceous. — Species 1. Canary Islands and Madeira. Yields timber. . . . . . . Apollonias Nees Perianth deciduous. Leaves leathery. — Species 20. Tropics. Some species yield timber or edible seeds. (Afrodaphne Stapt, Hufelandia Nees, Nesodaphne Hook., under Tylostemon Engl.) Beilschmiedia Nees (1.) Anthers 9—ı4 (usually 12), all turned inwards. Flowers dioecious, in umbels. — Species 2. Naturalized in the Mascarenes and Seychelles. They yield timber, a fat, and medicaments. asiaslieke Jaqu.) [Tribe LITSEEAE.] thas ER Litsea Lam. Anthers 9, the outer a ee “ne inner renden Flowers her- maphrodite or polygamovs, usually in panicles. [Tribe CINNA- MOMEAR I, a sie Staminodes very small and awl-shaped or SAE PRES accrescent. Flowers usually polygamous. . . ae Staminodes well developed, thickened at “Phe apex. ee scarcely or not accrescent. Flowers usually hermaphrodite. . . . . . 13 ‘Anther-valves side by side. Ovary inferior. — Species I. West Africa (Cameroons). (Under Ocotea Aubl.) . . . . Hypodaphnis Stapf Anther-valves in superposed pairs. Ovary superior. — Species 15. Tropical and South Africa, Canary Islands, Azores. They yield timber, fat, coidiments, and medicaments. (Including Mespilodaphne and Oreo- daphne Nees). (Plate 51.). . . . . Ocotea Aubl. Leaves trinerved. Perianth-segments falling ‘hai after the time of flowering. — Species 2 (C. zeylanicum Breyn, cinnamon, and C. cam- phora Nees & Eberm., camphor). Cultivated in the tropics. They yield timber, spices, and drugs for industrial and medicinal uses. Cinnamomum Blume Leaves penninerved; Perianth persisting or falling offas a whole.. . 14 FLOW. PL. AFR. LAURACEAE, J. Fleischmann del. Oeotea bullata (Burch.) Benth. A Flowering branch. B Male flower cut lengthwise. C Stamens. DStaminode. E Female flower cut lengthwise. fruits. G Young fruit cut lengthwise. Pi F Group of 51. PAPAVERACEAE. FLOW. PL. AFR Pig J. Fleischmann del. Trigonocapnos curvipes Schlecht. A Flowering branch. B Flower. C Petals (a the upper_ 4 one of the lateral, c the lower). D Bundle ol stamens (the third anther not visible). E Pistil (the ovary cut lengthwise), 84. LAURACEAE — 85. HERNANDIACEAE — 86. PAPAVERACEAE 2II 14. Perianth yellow, with oblong segments, deciduous. Fruit large, greenish. — Species I (P. gratissima Gaertn., avocado-pear). Cultivated in the tropics. It yields edible fruit, from which also a fat and a dye are prepared, and is used in medicine. . . . . . Persea Gaertn. Perianth white, with ovate segments, persistent. Fruit small, blackish. — Species 1. Canary Islands and Azores. Yields timber. (Under ern a un u AA DIA NUN Phoebe Nees FAMILY 85. HERNANDIACEAE Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, palminerved, without stipules. Flowers in panicles, regular, hermaphrodite polygamous or monoecious. Perianth 4—1I0-parted. Fertile stamens 3—5, alternating with the inner perianth- segments. Anthers 2-celled, turned inwards, opening by valves. Ovary inferior, 1-celled. Ovule 1, pendulous, inverted. Style and stigma simple. Seed exalbuminous. Embryo with folded or coiled cotyledons. — Genera 3, species 7. Tropics. (Under LAURACEAE or COMBRETACEAE.) 1. Flowers without bracteoles, polygamous. Perianth very small. Stigma capitate. Fruit with 2 terminal wings. Cotyledons spirally twisted. Trees. Leaves undivided or lobed. — Species 1. East Africa, Angola, Madagascar. Yields timber. [Subfamily GYROCARPOIDEAE. | Gyrocarpus Jaqu. Flowers with bracteoles, which sometimes form an involucre, hermaphrodite or monoecious. Perianth rather small. Stigma discoid and more or less lobed. Cotyledons more or less folded or crumpled. [Subfamily BERSNSNERDIDEREN] ce a ew we ce ls ee ee 2 2. Flowers hermaphrodite. Periantb 10-parted. Fertile stamens 5, with 2 scales at the base. Fruit with 2—4 lateral wings. Climbing shrubs. Leaves digitate. — Species I. Southern West Africa (Angola). Dligera Blume Flowers monoecious, the female surrounded by a cupular, truncate or lobed, ultimately inflated involucel. Perianth of the male flowers 6—8-parted, of the female 8—ıo-parted. Fertile stamens 3—4. Trees. Leaves undivided. Partial inflorescences surrounded by an involucre of several bracts, and consisting of a female flower and two or more male. — aah. 5uerlroepics. ane ee timber and are used in Hreaicme, 20! « SELDEN AD, ay en PALS Hernandia L. ORDER RHOEADALES SUBORDER RHOEADINEAE FAMILY 86. PAPAVERACEAE Herbs. Leaves more or less lobed or divided. Flowers hermaphrodite. Sepals 2, very rarely 3. Petals 4, very rarely 6, free, hypogynous. Antbers opening by slits. Ovary superior, 1-celled or incompletely 2- or more-celled. 212 86. PAPAVERACEAE Ovules parietal, curved or inverted. Fruit a capsule or a nut. Seeds with a small embryo and a copious, oily albumen. — Genera II, species 50. (In- cluding FUMARIACEAE.) (Plate 52.) I. Petals, at least one of theni, prolonged into a spur. Stamens 2, tripartite (or 6 in two bundles) ; the middle segment of each stamen bearing a two-celled anther, the lateral ones a one-celled. Juice not milky. (Subfamily FUMARIOIDEAE.|. . . oe aa al Petals not spurred. Stamens 4 or many, all wit belted onthe : 2. Ovary with 3 or more ovules. Fruits, at least some of them, dehiscent, 3- or more-seeded. — Species 9. South and North Africa and high mountains of Central Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants. (Including Cysticapnos Adans.). . . ae Corydalis DC. Ovary with 1—2 ovules. Fruit en I—2-seeded. Seeds not anpendaged, ., .., Nadım me run re. ah a N} 25 3. Ovary with 2 ovules. Fruit 2-seeded, compressed, with 3 nerves on each side. Leaves fleshy. — Species I. North-west Africa (Algeria). Sareocapnos DC. Ovary with ı ovule. Fruit ı seeded, compressed but I-nerved on each side, or triquetrous, or globular... ete 2 2 um 4. Fruit triquetrous, pendulous. Superior petal helmet-shaped, inferior spoon-shaped, lateral ones clawed. Stem climbing. — Species I. South Africa (Cape Colony). (Plate 52.) . Trigonocapnos Schlecht. Fruit globular or compressed, erect. — Species 15. North, South, and East Africa; also naturalized in West Africa and the Mascarene Islands. “ Fumitory.” (Including Discocapnos Cham. & Schlechtend. and Platycapnos Bernh.) EEE EEE U 5. Stamens 4. Petals 3-cleft. Placentas and styles 2. Juice not milky. — Species 7. North Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants. [Subfamily HYPECOIDEAE.) . . REN Hypecoum L. Stamens numerous. [Subfamily PAPAVEROIDEAE.] . 235) nnn . Juice not milky. Flowers solitary. Petals yellow. Placentas 2. Stigma subsessile, with 4 spreading lobes. Fruit linear, 10-ribbed, 1-celled, 2-valved to the base. Seeds unappendaged. — Species 1. Naturalized in the Canary Islands. Fodder-plant. [Tribe ESCHSCHOLTZIEAE. } Hunnemannia Sweet Juice milky. Placentas 4 or more, more rarely 2, but then stigmas or stigma-lobes only 2, or at least partlyerect.. . . 7 7. Stigmas (or style-branches) 2, alternating with the 2 placemat aa bea upor a short, but distinct style: Ovary and fruit linear. Seeds ap- pendaged. Flowers in umbels, yellow. Juice reddish-yellow. — Species 1. North-west Africa. Poisonous and used medicinally. “ Celandine.” [Tribe CHEEIDONIEAE.| . . Chelidonium L. Stigmas (or style-branches) 3 or more, rarely 2, as many as and opposite to the placentas or more numerous, sessile or nearly so. [Tribe PAPA- VEREAE:T vitsigungon, lola gayi yb: aii VG Da ON 86. PAPAVERACEAE — 87. CAPPARIDACEAE 213 8. Fruit linear, dehiscing to the base. Placentas, stigmas, and fruit-valves 2—4. Juice yellow. . . . 9 Fruit oblong, ovoid, or globular, den near es as raider or a , Placentas, stigmas, and fruit-valves 4—16.. . N 10 9. Petals yellow or reddish-yellow, twisted in the ped Style pee in 2 erect and 2 spreading lobes. Fruit with a false partition. — Species 2. North Africa and Cape Verde Islands. Used as ornamental or medicinal plants; the seeds yield oil. . . . . ». « . Glaueium Juss. Petals violet or red, crumpled in the bud. "Style ending in 2—4 connivent lotes. Fruit 1-celled. — Species 4. North Africa. Used as ornamental Bauen. =. . . . . Roemeria Medik. Io. Stigmas in the sinuses sere the eee style-lobes. Petals yellow or whitish. Fruit oblong, usually bristly. Juice yellow. — Species 1. Naturalized in Tropical and South Africa. Used as an ornamental and medicinal plant ; the seeds yield oil. bw Arsın dts Argemone L. Stigmas radiating upon a disc-like expansion of the style-apex. Ovary in- completely septate. Juice white. Buds nodding. — Species 12. North and South Africa, Abyssinia, and Cape Verde Islands; also cultivated in various regions. Some species are poisonous or are used as ornamental, medicinal, or dye-plants. P. somniferum L. yields opium, oil, and edible.seeds:,|-‘-Poppy’”?)3 «<2 .'2-. Papaver L. SUBORDER CAPPARIDINEAE, FAMILY 87. CAPPARIDACEAE Leaves alternate, simple or digitate. Flowers solitary or in racemes or umbels, usually irregular. Petals wanting or free, usually 4, rarely (Cercopet- alum) united at the base. Disc ring- or scale-like, rarely tubular. Ovary superior, usually stalked. Ovules 4 or more, rarely (Dipterygium) I—2, curved, usually parietal. Seeds reniform, exalbuminous. Embryo curved, with folded or coiled cotyledons. — Genera 20, species 260. (Plate 53.) 1. Fruit succulent, baccate, indehiscent, rarely at length dehiscing in two valves to which the placentas remain attached. Embryo coiled. Shrubs or trees. [Subfamily CAPPARIDOIDEAE.| . . . 202 Fruit dry, capsular and usually siliquiform, rarely ate like, bey curved. Herbs or undershrubs, rarely shrubs or trees. . . . + 14 2. Calyx-tube distinctly developed. Stamens very numerous. Ovary with along stalk. [Tribe MAERUEAE.] . . . 3 Calyx-tube indistinct or wanting, rarely is peanctlay sical peed, putt then stamens Io and ovary witha very short stalk. [Tribe CAPPARIDEAE)} 4 3. Calyx bursting transversely. Petals none. Stamens inserted upon a convex receptacle. Placentas 6—10. — Species 10. East Africa, Madagascar and Mauritius. . . . . . Thylaehium Lour. Calyx bursting lengthwise. Stamens alba inserted upon an elongated, stalk-like receptacle. Placentas 2—4. — Species 50. Some of them 214 87. CAPPARIDACEAE yield timber, vegetables, or medicaments. (Including Niebuhrıa DC. and Streblocarpus Arn.) . . . ae Maerua Forsk. 4. Calyx-tube distinctly developed. Pete none. Stamens about 10. Disc and androphore wanting. Ovary with a very short stalk. Placentas 2. Leaves digitate. —Species2. South Africa. . . Bachmannia Pax Calyx-tube indistinct or wanting. Petals present, more rarely ae but then leaves undivided. . . . 5 5. Receptacle produced behind into a tube- or x Hoag Sunes appear "Sta- mens 4—8, inserted upon a stalk-like androphore. Leaves undivided. — Species 20. Tropical and South Africa. Some are used in medicine. (Including Schepperia Neck.) . . . . . . Cadaba Forsk. Receptacle produced into scale-like amposnitalres or unappendaged. Sta- inens rarely upon a distinct stalk-like androphore, and then iertile and sterile stamens together I0 ormore.. . . Lilt a 6. Petalsnone. Stamens without a distinct andcophore eats undivided. 7 Petals 4or more. Ovulesnumerous. . . 9 7. Ovary 2-, rarely 3-celled, with 2 ovules in sich cell, step pall upon a nue stalk. Stamens numerous. Disc cup-shaped, crenate. Sepals 3, rarely 2 or 4, united at the base. — Species 6. Central Africa. Courbonia Brongn. Ovary I-celled, sometimes incompletely 2-celled. Ovules 6 or more. mepals 4, rarely 5. ° 5. ies ae Te ur ne ee ota nnn 8. Disc cup-shaped, crenate, accrescent. Stamens numerous. Ovules numerous. Stigma 4-lobed.—Species3. West Africa. Buchholzia Engl. Disc ring-shaped. Stamens 6—20. Ovules A—ı2. Stigma entire. — Species 30. Central Africa, northern South Africa, and Sahara. The fruits and roots of some are eaten or used medicinally. Boseia Lam. 9. Flowers dioecious. Sepals 5. Petals 5, united at the base. Stamens 10—13, borne upon a short androphore. Ovary 5-celled, with axile ovules. Leaves undivided. —- Species 1. West Africa. Cercopetalum Gilg Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous, very rarely dioecious, but then stamens numerous. Flowers nearly always 4-merous . . 10 10. Stamens inserted on an elongated stalk-like androphore, ante in ee bundles, one of which contains 5—9 fertile, the other as many sterile stamens. Petals 4. Placentas 2. Leaves ternately compound. — Species. Hast Africa...) )¢. .% Cladostemon A. Br. & Vatke Stamens inserted on a very short androphore or without an androphore II tr. Petals very unequal, two much larger than the others, wing-like. Stamens 5—7. Placentas 2. Leaves ternately compound. — Species I. West Africa. Used as an ornamental plant. (Pieropetalum Pax) Euadenia Oliv. Petals not very unequal. Stamens 8 or more: in. 2 J) won un re 12. Petals open in aestivation, with a long claw ; sepals imbricate or open. Stamens upon a short androphore bearing scales within. Ovary upon a J. Fleischmann del, FLOW. PL. AFR 99 Por EN \ Heliophila amplexicaulis L. fil. CRUCIFERAE. i BEN Pl. 53 NT NV) un a a D% = X\ 5 N \ ip A Plant with inflorescences. B Flower cut lengthwise. C Ovary cut lengthwise. DFruiting branch E Seed cut lengthwise, CAPPARIDACEAE. FLOW. PL. AFR. Pl. 54. J. Fleischmann del. Polanisia hirta (Klotzsch) Sond. A Branch with flowers and fruits, B Flower cut lengthwise. C Anther, D Ovary cut lengthwise, E Seed, 13. 14. 16. 18. 10. 87. CAPPARIDACEAE 215 long gynophore, I- or incompletely 2-celled, with 2 placentas. Leaves ternately compound. — Species 6. Tropics. Some species yield timber, Bible ‘frit sorimedicaments:: .. a we ee . Crataeva L. Petals imbricate in aestivation ; sepals usually valvate. Disc and an- drophore little developed or wanting. . . 4-4 cite ee Leaves ternately compound, rarely simple and mips ah ane then petals numerous. Petals clawed. Ovary with a long stalk, 1-celled. — Species 25... Central Afmicayy ori... -.. +). Mitehiea R. Br. Leaves simple, undivided. Petals 4, very ic 5. — Species 50. Some of them yield timber, salad, condiments (capers from C. spinosa L.), edible fruits, and medicaments ; some are poisonous. Capparis L. (r.) Fruit indehiscent, winged, I-seeded. Petals 4. Stamens 6. Ovary with a very short stalk, 1-celled. Ovules 1—2. Style short. Under- shrubs. Leaves undivided. — Species 1. Egypt and Nubia. [Sub- family DIPTERYGIOIDEAE.| . . - . . . Dipterygium Decne. Fruit dehiscing by 2 or more valves. Ovulesgormore . . . . . I5 . Fruit I-seeded, dehiscing by many valves. Sepals 2. Petals5. Stamens 40—60. Ovary sessile, 1-celled. Ovules 4—6. Style long. Shrubs. Flowers fascicled. — Species 2. East Africa. [Subfamily CALYP- TROTHECOIDEAE.| . . . pe Calyptrotheca Gilg Fruit several- or many-seeded, Ae ieee s 2 valves which separate from the persistent placentas. Sepals 4. Petals 4. Ovules numerous. [Subfamily CLEOMOIDEAE.| . . . Da Sl at CT Calyx-tube distinctly developed. Petals ER Stamens 10—12, borne upon a short androphore. Ovary with a long stalk. Herbs. Leaves ternately compound. -- Species 2. East Africa. (Under Cleome L.) Chilocalyx Klotzsch Calyx-tube none. us re = EY . Stamens inserted upon a staik- rae A 6, all eae ware stalked. Herbs. Leaves digitate. — Species 1. Tropical and South Africa and Egypt. Yields vegetables, condiments, and medicaments, and is also used as an ornamental plant. (Pedicellaria Schrank) Gynandropsis DC. Stamens inserted upon the receptacle, which is not prolonged into a ERMAN OLUTION C err Sekt N ls ante LO Stamens numerous or intermixed with staminodes. Herbs. Leaves digitate. — Species 20. Some of them are used as vegetables. (In- cluding Dianthera Klotzsch and Tetratelia Sond., under Cleome L.) (Plate 53.) ; ERREGT 2, Oe SN 5 FT a Polanisia Rat. Stamens 4—6, all forte: fee 2 pe Ta a FR A ie Disc reduced to 4 small AR Ovary sessile. Style long. Trees. Leaves undivided. —Species1. Northern East Africa (Somaliland). Cleomodendron Pax Disc ring- or saucer-shaped, sometimes produced into scales. Herbs or undershrubs. — Species 30. Some of them are used as ornamental or Detekalenläantsy tis irs. Va SB Boe N. Cleome L. 216 88. CRUCIFERAE FAMILY 88. CRUCIFERAE Herbs or undershrubs, rarely shrubs. Leaves alternate, rarely the lower opposite, simple, but often divided, without stipules, but frequently with auricles at the base. Flowers without bracteoles, usually in racemes, regular or nearly so, hermaphrodite. Sepals 4. Petals 4, rarely 0. Stamens 6, of which 4 are longer, rarely 2—4, hypogynous, rarely subperigynous. Glands at the base of the stamens more or less developed. Ovary superior, I—2-celled or transversely septate, very rarely 3-celled. Ovules parietal, curved. Style simple, with 1—2 stigmas. Fruit dry, usually 2-valved. Albumen scanty or wanting. Embryo curved. — Genera 88, species 420. (Plate 54.) 1. Hairs, all or some of them, branched, at least at the base. Stigma more developed above the placentas than between them. [Tribe HESPERI- N ee ee a ne. Hairs simple or wanting. . . Nes eghlaeestinre ws ute 2. Fruit at least 4 times as long as boa eee ar a > Fruit less than 4 times as long as toil or broader Mele Ee u: 19 3. Fruit-valves with a horn-like appendage. Radicle of the embryo accum- bent U, 4 Fruit-valves han an Soptideae! bit ie Bevis sometime: apa 7 4. Fruit-valves with a basal appendage. Seeds margined. Style appendaged at the base. Petals violet. Lateral sepals gibbous at the base. Herbs covered with glandular tubercles. — Species 1. North Africa. Lonchophora Dur. Fruit-valves with an apical appendage. Seeds not margined. Petals white, yellow, or red. Plants without glandular tubercles. . . . 5 . Fruit-valves with a forked appendage. Petals pink. Leaves linear, entire. Undershrubs. — Species I. ae Islands. Parolinia Webb Fruit-valves with an entire appendage. . . i 6. Fruit-valves with a blunt appendage below the apex. Petals red. Leaves oblong or ovate, smuate or toothed. Undershrubs with star-shaped ans, species 5. ‘Cast Alarm ve va, Diceratella Boiss. Fruit-valves with a pointed appendage at the apex. Petals white or yellow. Leaves linear. Herbs with 2-cleft hairs. — Species 1. North ATIC. Uy SIN Notoceras R. Br. 7. Lateral glands ode’ ee) one on wg side of the lateral stamens. Stigmatic lobes usually long and erect, but sometimes united. . . 8 Lateral and median (anterior and posterior) glands present, sometimes blended into a ring. Stigmatic lobes hia short and spreading or indistinctly developed. . . . Se wet te. Lb) Pe 2 8. Plants covered with glandular bupentel Style with a dorsal gibbosity ; stigma not sharply limited. Seeds flat ; radicle accumbent. — Species 15. North, East, and South Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants or in medicine. “Stock.” . RR Matthiola R. Br. Plants without glandular tubercles. Sa more or less sists limited at the base . un IO. IT. 12, 13. 14. 15. 16. 77: 88. CRUCIFERAE 217 . Longer filaments united to the top. Sepals connivent. Petals linear, white or pink. Seeds minute, in two rows. Bracts leaf-like. Leaves divided into narrow segments. — Species I. North-east Africa (Egypt). Leptaleum DC. Longer filaments free or slightly cohering.. . . . . . . . . 10 Seeds thick; radicle incumbent. Fruit-valves more or less convex. Petals white or pink. — Species 10. North Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants. win Maresia agp . . Maleolmia R. Br. Seeds flat ; radicle accumbent. ee 3 3 use % LI Fruit-valves convex, with a En middle- -nerve, RR, between the seeds. Sepals saccate at the base. Petals pink. Hairs stellate. -- Species 3. North Africa. (Under Farsetia Desv. or Malcolmia R. Br.). Eremobium Boiss. Fruit-valves flat, sometimes keeled. . . . ; ary tag us6.H22 Fruit-valves projecting inwards between the pede) thick, obtusely angled. Stigma acutely 2-lobed. Sepals erect. Petals pink. — Species 3. North and East Africa . . Wing, - % Moreitia DC. Fruit-valves not projecting between the a alla), HIRE. EZ Petals purple, narrow. Sepals erect, not saccate. Stigma dciteny 2-lobed. Seeds winged. Leaves narrow. Hairs 2-cleft. — Species 13. East and North Africa. Some are used medicinally. . . Farsetia Desv. Petals white, rarely yellowish, reddish, or bluish. Fruit-valves with a faint middle-nerve. Seeds in one row.— Species 15. North, East, and South Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants. “ Rock-cress.” Arabis L. (7.) Median glands 4. Style 2-lobed ; stigma dilated, not ee limited. Fruit-valves convex or keeled. . . . SE: Median glands 2, usually confluent with the RE ones sth a ring. Style short, truncate or somewhat depressed at the apex; stigma pany sliseply limited. kei aac. 26 Seeds flat; radicle accumbent. — Species 4. North ae Used as ornamental plants or in medicine. “ Wallflower.” (Including Dr- chroanthus Webb). . . . ». . . Cheiranthus L. Seeds thick; radicle incumbent. — Giese 5. North Africa to Abyssinia. Some are used as ornamental plants or in medicine. Erysimum L. Partition of the fruit with two bundles of fibres; valves with a strong midrib. Radicle incumbent. Petals yellow. Leaves pinnatipartite. — Species 4. North Africa to Abyssinia. (Under Sisymbrium L.). Deseurainia Webb & Berth. Partition of the fruit without bundles of fibres. Petals white, rarely yellowish, reddish, or bluish. “il -parsceouk aie iy ded ey Fruit-valves flat, with a faint middle-nerve. Seeds in one row; radice aceumbent. (See 13.). . . ion J oie E Fruit-valves more or less convex, with a jemaas ie nerve. o/s). 18 218 18. 10. 20. 2I. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 88. CRUCIFERAE Seeds with an accumbent radicle, in 2 rows. — eure I. South Afrıca. (Under) Avabts. Ti). 0%. une 30 SIE Seeds with an incumbent radicle, BB in I row. — Species 2. East, South, and North Africa, and OR Verde Islands. (Under Arabis L. or Sısymbrium L). - - - ©“ ltzaila 10, Stenophragma Celak. (ay) Erait a-seeded: «>... inadlaumul »alsibaı.- ; Kolb Fruit 2- or more-seeded. . . . zu ity EEE Sepals petal-like. Petals reddish. Glands none. Ovary 3-celled. Style very short. Fruit elliptical, much compressed. Shrubs. — Species 1. South Africa (Cape Colony), . . . . . Sehlechteria Bolus Sepals not petal-like. Petals yellow or whitish. Glands present. Ovary 2-celled. Fruit orbicular. Herbs. seta tects se RRS Filaments with a tooth-like appendage. Style none. Fruit flat, without a partition. Radicle accumbent. Fruit-stalk bent back. Leaves linear. Hairs star-shaped. — Species 2. North Africa. . . Clypeola L. Filaments not appendaged. Style thread-shaped. Fruit thick, with a rudimentary partition. Radicle incumbent. Fruit-stalk erect or spreading. Cauline leaves sagittate. Hairs 2—3-cleft. — Species I. North Africa. Used medicinally. (Vogelia Medik.) . Neslia Desv. Fruit 2+=4-seeded. + fiis-x) Bck wwe tier “bs nell > we ier Ms Pruitemany-seeded: atl agriniBorer beer dts oie”. DAMS Tio, Pa Petals yellow. . . EBENE WOLLEN. VISIBLE A Petals white or zorkliähre KUH ; DD EITE 26 Sepals, at least the lateral, saccate at the vom Filewedts witout an appendage. Stigma 2-lobed. Fruit with laterally compressed, boat- shaped valves and a linear partition. Seeds 2—3; radicle incumbent. Shrubs. Leaves entire. Flowers solitary, axillary. — Species I. Isar of Sodomacl! sat’ shi’ Ruin) wilaveir. Lachnocapsa Balf. Sepals not saccate. Herbs or undershrubs. Flowers in spikes or race- MICS. © me ew ww RISE, I se Median and lateral glands present. Filaments without an appendage. Stigma 2-lobed. Fruit winged, 4-celled, indehiscent. Seeds 4; funicle very short. Embryo spirally twisted; radicle incumbent. Plants covered with glandular tubercles. Leaves toothed. — Species I. North Africa. Used medicinally. . . . Es Bunias L. Median glands absent. Filaments usually appendaged: Stigma obscurely lobed. Frvit dehiscing in two valves. Embryo not spiral; radicle accumbent. Plants without glandular tubercles. — Species 13. North and South Africa. Some are used in medicine or as ornamental plants. (Including Meniocus Desv.). «56 ww es Alyssum L. Fruit-valves with a large, wing-like appendage near the top, projecting inwards between the seeds. Style long. Seeds 4. Leaves toothed. — Species 1. North Africa. ‘“‘ Rose of Jericho.” . . Anastatica L. Fruit-valves without an appendage. . . . . «© 5» «© «© «© «| 27 27. 28. 20. 30. 31. 32. 33- 34. 35. 88. CRUCIFERAE 219 Fruit-valves boat-shaped, laterally compressed ; partition narrow. Stigma sessile. Seeds 4. — Species 2. North Africa. {Including Hinter- hubera Reichb. and Hornungia Reichb.) . . . . Hutchinsia R. Br. Fruit-valves flat or convex, dorsally or not compressed ; partition BREImH. oo Oe). : 2 oi Jat.) Se Fruit-valves strongly convex; partition thick, woody. Fruit elliptical, tapering into the style. Seeds 2. Median glands wanting. Flowers short-stalked. — Species 1. North-west Africa (Algeria). Euclidium R. Br. Fruit-valves flat or slightly convex ; partition thin, membranous... . 29 Median glands wanting. Partition of the fruit without fibres. Fruit orbicular. Spinous undershrubs. — Species I. North-west Africa. (ender Alyssum L.) . 2.0... ....,... Pülöltichumt. A, Mey, Median and lateral glands present. Partition of the fruit with scattered fibres. — Species 6. North and South Africa, Cape Verde Islands, and St. Helena. Some are used as ornamental or medicinal plants. (Koniga Adans., under Alyssum L.) ee 2, 2 cs oA Des, LS ees Se a a ee ie TE el re a et kok cold hel tay as os GOA Sepals, at least the lateral, saccate at the base. Shorter filaments with a tooth- like appendage. Fruit elliptical, flat. Seeds numerous, winged. — SpeciesI. North-east Africa (Egypt). (Under Farseiia Desv.) Fibigia Medik. Pe RSAC ALC ee an ae ee, eR a? LBZ Filaments, at least some of them, with an appendage, more rarely without, but then, as usually, seeds 2—8. Fruit-valves marked with a mid-rib at the base. (See 25.) ET est) BE Alyssum IL. Filaments without an appendage. Seeds Io or more. Fruit-valves with iene) extendlins’todke top. 7. 2. 3 Fruit ovate or elliptical, with rather flat valves and a faint middle-nerve. Radicle accumbent. — Species 5. North-west Africa. Some are used as ornamental or medicinal plants. (Including Evophila DC.) Draba L. Fruit obovate or pear-shaped, with very convex valves and a strong middle- nerve. Radicle incumbent. Leaves sagittate. — Species 3. North Africa. They yield oil and medicaments. . . . Camelina Crantz Petals red. Stigma 2-cleft. Seeds winged. Hairs 2-cleft. (See 13.). Farsetia Turr. Petals white. Stigma entire or notched. Seedsnot winged. . . . 35 Valves of the fruit flat or slightly convex, with a faint middle-nerve ; partition broad. Radicle accumbent. Leaves undivided. (See 33.) Draba L. Valves of the fruit boat-shaped ; partition narrow. Radicle incumbent. 36 220 30. 38. 39. 40. 4I. 42. 43- 44. 45. 88. CRUCIFERAE Fruit broadened or notched at the apex. — Species 1. North Africa and northern East Africa, also naturalized in South Africa and the islands of St. Helena and St. Thomas. Used medicinally. | ‘‘ Shepherds purse.” Capsella DC. Fruit rounded or pointed at the apex. (See 27.).. Hutehinsia R. Br. . (1.) Stigma equally developed all round. Style-apex entire, rarely notched at right angles to the placentas. Cotyledons usually folded or twisted. [iribe- 'THELYPODIRAE.].. 144,0. S148 Stigma more developed above the ea a Mer Ehen Style- apex entire or 2-lobed....Tribe-SINAPEAE;].:(: =, 4 „1. Sei Fer Fruit at least 4 times as long as broad. ant ae —S Fruit less than 4 times as long as Lg Cotyledons a folded or spirally twisted. . . . ar haga Fruit without a partition, Elane. ih. convex, ai va es, Emeede coat spongy. Cotyledons neither folded nor twisted ; radicle accumbent. Leaves roundish. — Species 1. Island of Kerguelen. Used as a veget- able and in medicine. . . .»«, , Pringlea. Hook, al. Fruit with a partition. Coe Folded or twisted; radicle incum- bent. he OL he A Sepals connivent, the Darren er a ie Bee "Petals white. Fruit oblong. Seeds flat. Cotyledons twice inflected lengthwise. Leaves reniform-cordate. — Species 1. South Africa (Cape Colony). Chamira Thunb. Sepals erect, not saccate. Gotglbauke rolled inwards or folded trans- versely. Rt 41 Seeds turgid, spree by ree es ates Eruik “ee Petals blue or red. Leaves linear. — Species 1. South Africa (Cape Colony). Carponema Sond. Seeds flat, not separated by transverse partitions, but the fruit often con- stricted between the seeds. — Species 60. South Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants. (Plate 54.) . . . . Heliophila L. Fruit ıI-seeded. Seed winged. Leaves thread-shaped. — Species I. South Africa (Cape Colony), . . . . . . Palmstruckia Sond. Fruit 2- or more-seeded. UNTERE KR re Fruit dehiscent, rather flat, with er more "hati 2 sen, (See 41.) Heliophila L. Fruit indehiscent, 2-seeded. Leaves linear or lanceolate. . . . . 44 Fruit compressed dorsally ; valves with elevated ridges radiating from the centre. Style long. Seeds flat; cotyledons folded. Petals red. — Species 2. South Africa (Cape Colony). . Cycloptyehis E. Mey. Fruit compressed laterallv ; valves ventricose ; dissepiment very narrow. Style short. Seeds subglobose ; cotyledons involute. Petals yellow or red. — Species 2. South Africa (Cape Colony). Braehyearpaea DC. (37.) Fruit at least 4timesaslongasbroad. . . . By: : Fruit less than 4 times as long as broad, or broader than ln Zi ae 40. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 54. 55: 88. CRUCIFERAE 221 Fruit traansversely divided into two or more fertile cells. Cotyledons folded ; radicle incumbent. [Subtribe BRASSICINAE.} . . . . 47 Fruit not transversely septate, but sometimes produced into a seedless beak. Pe VN Se, ental rae, shoes SQ Seerarwiunne tmansversecells (jOINtS)s Wann. ete cay) whe es en 48 Fruit with 3 or more transverse cells. ni Ara: 56 Upper joint of the fruit 3— 4-seeded, flat. Seeds oblong. Petals yellow. Undershrubs. — Species 1. North-west Africa (Morocco). Hemicrambe Webb een OMe uit TBECMe dN a eye ew 8 AQ ve Mat usually rnerved. GN Prim ely nahen 50 EEE ee oe WU ee BE Sepals connivent, the lateral saccate. Petals violet. Stigmatic lobes long, erect, connate. — Species 7. North Africa. . Morieandia DC. Sepals spreading, not saccate. Stigmatic lobes short. Leaves pinnati- partite. — Species 10. North Africa, northern Central Africa, and Island of St. Thomas; one species also naturalized in South Africa. The seeds of some species are used as acondiment. . .Diplotaxis DC. Beak of the fruit flat, sharp-edged. Valves usually 3-nerved. . . . 52 Beak of the fruit cylindrical or conical, terete or but slightly flattened. . 53 Petals red. Lateral sepals saccate. Seeds ovoid. Fruits erect. Leaves dissected. — Species 2. North Africa. (Under Erucaria Gaertn.) Reboudia Coss. & Durieu Petals yellow or whitish with violet veins. Seeds globose. Leaves lyrate. — Species 5. North Africa, one species also cultivated in the Mascarene Islands. The white mustard (S. alba L.) yields salad, oil, condiments, and medicaments. (Under Brassica L.) . Sinapis L, . Lower joint of the fruit indehiscent, narrower than the upper one, 3—4- seeded. Petals yellow. Lateral sepals saccate. — Species 1. North- west Africa. (Under Rapistrum Desv.) . . . Cordylocarpus Desf. Lower joint of the fruit dehiscing in two valves, as broad as the upper one, rarely narrower, but then petals violet. URL 54 Seeds globular, sometimes slightly flattened. Cotyledons 2-lobed. Petals yellow or white, sometimes with violet veins. — Species 25, five of them only cultivated or naturalized. Some species yield vegetables, salad, oil, condiments, or medicaments, especially B. oleracea L., cabbage, B. campestris L., rapeseed, B. Napus L., turnip, and B. nigra Koch, black mustard. (Including Melanosinapis Schimp. & Spenn.) Brassica L. Seeds ovoid or oblong. Leaves pinnatipartite. . . . . . . . 55 Fruit-valves net-veined with a strong midrib. Cotyledons truncate. Sepals spreading. Petals white or yellow. — Species 6. North and East Africa. (Including Hirschfeldia Moench, under Brassica L.) Erucastrum Pres] 222 56. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 88. CRUCIFERAE Fruit-valves with several longitudinal nerves. Sepals connivent. Petals violet. — Species 4. North Africa. (Including Hussonia Coss.) Erucaria Gaertn. Seeds pendulous. ar ne a a Seeds partly (the upper Pade ere ER u AR; ee . Fruit flat or 4-angled. Stem very tHe Leaves radical. Flowers solitary, axillary. — Species 3. North-west Africa. (Raffenaldia RE EN a SE ea RE Cossonia Durieu Fruit turgid. Stem branched. Leaves radical and cauline. Flowers racemose. — Species 2, one spontaneous in North Africa and naturalized in South Africa, the second (R. sativus L.) cultivated and naturalized in various regions. The latter yields salad, oil, and medicaments. Mhaden (Raphanus L.) Wi, ng ya. Rhaphanus L. Lower joint of the fruit I-celled, indehiscent, 1—4-seeded. Hispid herbs. Leaves lyrate, the upper toothed. Flowers, at least the lower, subtended by bracts. — Species 4. North Africa to Nubia. Enarthrocarpus Labill. Lower joint of the fruit 2-celled lengthwise, usually dehiscing in two valves, 4—12-seeded. Almost glabrous herbs. Leaves dissected. Flowers without bracts. (See 55). . . . . Eruearia Gaertn. (46.) Fruit I-seeded, flat, winged, 6-nerved, indehiscent. Stigma sessile. Radicle incumbent. Petals yellow. Leaves undivided. — Species 5. North Africa. Woad (J. tinctoria L.) yields a dye, other species are used Menicmally. ie ge, wy we Kal wee on ks ee Fruit 2- or more-seeded. a eg Ce ee ae u Fruit-valves flat, but sometimes with a prominent midrib. . . . . 61 Eruiiyalves convex. or keeled, .. u.a io gs a, Stigmatic lobes long, erect, sometimes connate. Median glands none. Radicle incumbent ; cotyledons folded. Lateral sepals saccate. Petals Wiolet-or purple. Glabrous. plants; ... 12,08. „eu Jos. 5! Liebe) ve Stigmatic lobes short or not developed. Median, sometimes confluent, glands besides the lateral ones present, rarely only the latter, but then radicle accumbent. Radicle accumbent or incumbent; in the latter case cotyledons flat, rarely folded, but then sepals not saccate. . 63 Seeds broadly winged, in a single row. Fruit broadly linear. Petals with a broad claw. Shrubs. Leaves linear-oblong, sessile, entire. — Species I. North-west Africa (Algeria). (Including Oudneya R. Br.) Henophyton Coss. & Durieu Seeds narrowly or not winged. Fruit narrowly linear. Herbs or under- shrubs. Leaves undivided, the upper stem-clasping, or pinnately Aigen See 50.) 1% 72.0000» 1%... Moricandia DC. Radicle of the embryo incumbent. OS usually in2 rows. Leaves, at least.tbe lawer, pinnately divided..\“-\ 4 ailuslandd «cod joel. om Radicle of the embryo accumbent. Seeds usually inasinglerow . . 65 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 88. CRUCIFERAE 223 Seeds oblong. Cotyledons not folded. Sepals converging or erect, the lateral saccate at the base. Petals purple or violet. — Species 2. North Africa. ? ; Ammosperma Hook. fil. Seeds ovoid or loben € otytedons folded. Fruit-valves I-nerved, Sepals erect or spreading, not saccate. (See 50.). Diplotaxis DC, Fruit-valves without distinct veins, opening elastically. Fruit linear or linear-lanceolate. Seeds in a single row, oblong or elliptical, not winged. Sepals not saccate. Leaves usually pinnately divided. — Species 8. Some of them are used as salad or in medicine. ‘‘ Bittercress.” Cardamine L. Fruit-valves with distinct veins, not elastic. Fruit linear. Leaves usually Renee hee? COTTAM EP ts RRNA?) EDO IN a 66 Fruit-valves with a faint midnerve. Seeds in a single row. (See 13.) Arabis L. Fruit-valves with a prominent midnerve. Seeds in two rows, ovoid. Sepals spreading. Petals white. Leaves undivided. (See 18.) Turritis L. (60.) Median glands absent. Fruit-valves with a prominent midnerve. Cotyledons convex or folded; radicle incumbent. Sepals erect or converging. Petals yellow or violet. Glabrous plants. . . . . 68 Median and lateral glands present, sometimes blended into a ring, rarely (Nasturtium) median glands absent, but then fruit-valves with a faint or scarcely visible midnerve. Sepals erect or spreading. Petals white or yellow, sometimes with red or violet veins. . . . sar SHE! Side CL Petals violet. Stigmatic lobes long, erect, sometimes Hs se Cotyle- dous-Tolded. -(Seé.50.) .._.. . . . Morieandia DC. Petals yellowish. Stigmatic ines at or le Seeds in a single row, oblong. Cotyledons convex. Leaves undivided. — Species I. North Africa to Nubia. Used as a vegetable. . Conringia Heist, Radicle of the embryo accumbent. Sepalsnotsaccate. . . . . 70 Radicle of the embryo incumbent ; cotyledons usually folded... . . 71 Fruit-valves with a strong midnerve. Seeds in a single row. Petals yellow.— Species 3. North, East, and South Africa, also naturalized in the Be Islands. Used as vegetables, salad, or fodder. “ Winter- CEN Ra aa. > al: | Barbarea, R.. Br: Fruit-valves eile a ant a ws as to the top. Seeds usually in two rows. — Species I5. Some of them (especially N. officinale R. Br., watercress) yield salad, condiments, and medicaments. (In- un. MIP A OCOD.) „u fi . . . Nasturtium R. Br. Cotyledons not folded. Fruit not at valves with I—3 strong ribs. Glands confluent intoaring.. . SEAN Amts? -erslivand.ı. 72 Cotyledons folded. Fruit usually ee PMT RIO Biggs) Zo Style-apex truncate beneath the stigma. Seeds striate. Petals white. Leaves broad-cordate, toothed. — Species 1. North-west Africa. Used medicinally. (Under Szsymbrium L.) . . Alliaria Adans. 224 73- 74- 75: 76. 78. 79 80. 81. 88. CRUCIFERAE Style-apex notched beneath the stigma. Petals usually yellow. — Species 25. Some are used as vegetables or in medicine. (Including Kibera DC. and Nasturtiopsis Boiss.: . . N‘: Sisymbrium L. Fruit with a flat, sharp-edged beak, dchieuie in two valves. Seeds globular. Herbs with lyrate leaves. . . 74 Fruit with a cylindrical or conical, terete or slightly en Beck or without a beak. . . . i Nee Fruit-valves with a single ates apatites nerve. Seria = 2 rows. Sepals converging. Fruits erect, pressed against the stem. — Species 4. North Africa and northern East Africa. The seeds are used as a condi- ment or in medicine. (Including Rytidocarpus Coss.) . Eruea Lam. Fruit-valves with 3 longitudinal nerves. Seeds in I row. Sepals spreading. (See 52.). . . ety Sinapis L. Seeds oblong. Fruit- ee ih a ee re Lateral sepals saccate. Petals yellow. Undershrubs. Leaves undivided. — Species 6. Madeira and Cape Verde Islands. (Under Brassica L.) Sinapidendron Lowe Seeds globular, sometimes slightly flattened. Herbs . . . . . 76 Fruit indehiscent, spongy. Leaves lyrate. (See 57.) . Rhaphanus L. Fruit dehiscing in two valves. (See 54.) . . _. + |.» Brassil . (45.) Fruit indehiscent, transversely divided ‘ato 2—7 cells i the lowest cell sometimes seedless. . . a Be Fruit not transversely Su but ee named fa a "oodles beak. 3 le De oe Pe. Fruit 3—7- Be A flat. ‘Style rather long. Bei Sala in each cell, pendulous. Sepals erect or connivent, the lateral saccate. Stem very short. Leaves radical, lyrate. Flowers solitary, axillary. ico Ny Ons > oa « « « « » Gossonla Lese Fruit 2-jointed. Eis racemose. . . + aes Fruit compressed, the lower joint with a eet an the upper with an erect seed. Stigma sessile.. Radicle accumbent. Lateral sepals saccate. Petals pale-violet or rose-coloured. — Species 1. North Africa. Used medicinally. Et eat . . .” “Cakile Gaeram Fruit not essentially compressed. Radicle meh N folded. Petals white or yellow. . . . a Upper joint of the fruit with a partition: a an eae seed ; Be joint 1—2-seeded or seedless. Sepais spreading. Leaves pinnatipartite. — Species 7. North Africa ; one species also naturalized in South Africa. (Including Ceratocnemon Coss. et Balansa, Didesmus Desv., Otocarpus Durieu, and Rapistrella Pomel). . . . . . . Rapistrum Desv. Upper joint of the fruit without a partition, one-seeded ; lower joint seedless. Sepals not saccate. Petals white. . . . JO Upper joint of the fruit tubercled, beaked. Seed erect or pancho from the top of the cell. Cotyledons not lobed. Sepals suberect. Filaments not toothed. Leaves lobed. — Species 2. North-west Africa. (In- cluding Kremeria Coss.). oe hr) «othe Mine iia ns 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 88. CRUCIFERAE 22 ca Upper joint of the fruit ribbed or smooth, not beaked. Seed pendulous from the long, ascending funicle. Cotyledons 2-lobed. Sepals spreading. — Species 7. North and East Africa. Some are used as vegetables (sea-kale). BUBEN ET, er, Crambe L. (77.) Fruit prolonged into a Breda Heat pena rca ea Petals yellow, eriiareed with violet veils. . - s . .° . . « . , . 8% Fruit not distinctly beaked. SAE ART, 1.407 Fruit indehiscent, I- or 3- N with a a perfect EN and Ei rudimentary one below it. Seed Di Herbs. Leaves toothed, lopedsorcleftwe. .. ©. ey OA Fruit dehiscing in 2 valves, Sorahlelke or ‘incompletely 2- ae eae 2 or more seeds, but the seed of one cell sometimes rudimentary (in this case shrubs). Seeds globose or nearly so. Cotyledons folded. . . . 85 Fruit I-celled, with an oblique, sword-shaped beak. — Species 1. North- east Africa (Egypt). . . . . . Sehimpera Hochst. & Steud. Fruit 3-celled, with a broad, ri chambered beak. — Species I. North- Eu atsiea (Algeria) «| ithe wenvan, - 5 eri ait Saupe Us Des Fruit with 2 seeds. Longer filaments sited in pairs. Small shrubs. Leaves entire. —Species1. North-west Africa. . . . . Vella L. Fruit with 6 or more seeds. Filaments free. Herbs. Leaves divided, atleastsomeofthem.. . . , sugise. 86 Fruit with 6—8 seeds and a leaf-like ital. Fe twice 2 pins hdl dis- sected. — Species 1. North Africa. . . . . Carrichtera Adans. Fruit with many seeds and a sword-shaped beak. Leaves lyrate or un- Een (see get) Isle Petncarion nahen ats ote) oe ried Lam Peemeenitatscedene nh! Lo Atity rg) Hund. „mode yon ryic., 88 Fruit 2- or more-seeded. . . . ra bar Sib es LO Se. ‚OT Fruit slightly or not compressed, atid; with a crusty rind. Seed globular. Cotyledons folded; radicle incumbent. Petals white. Filaments without an appendage. Glands confluent. Radical leaves pinnately divided. Fruit-stalks spreading-erect. — Species 1. North-west Africa Ba). i ae ee “ee « Calepina Adans. Fruit much sighted” Pextes mamadel” no A cB hat tt i ay ord 1) Sepals petal-like. Petals rose-coloured. Filaments without an appendage. Glands wanting. Ovary 3-celled. Fruit elliptical. Radicle accum- bent. Shrubs. Leaves entire. (See 20.) . . Sehlechteria Bolus Sepals not petal-like. Glands present. Ovary 2-celled. Herbs or under- BES: . .’% ee ER YET : ie OO Petals rose-coloured. ee filaments with a tooth: like appendage. Median glands wanting. Apex of the style truncate beneath the stigma. Fruit discoid, winged. — Species 2. North-west Africa (Algeria). Used as ornamental plants. Pee . . . Aethionema R. Br. Petals yellow. Filaments Ser tan an med. Median and lateral glands confluent into a ring. Apex of the style more or less 2-lobed P 226 oI. 92. 93- 94. 95- 96. 88. CRUCIFERAE beneath the stigma. Fruit with 6 longitudinal nerves. Fruit-stalks bent downwards. (See 59.) NEE (87.) Fruit 2-seeded. ME N. Fruit 4- or more- N ie an gg Fruit much compressed Cas the Bade ae N a soon ve partition and flat, net-veined valves. Seeds horizontal, winged ; radicle accumbent. Lateral sepals saccate. Petals pale-violet. Leaves pinnatisect. — Species 1. North-east Africa (Egypt). . . Ricotia L. Fruit compressed from the side, and then with a narrow partition, or not compressed ; ‘partition well developed... .„. „0... © N. See Fruit distinctly compressed laterally, .. "ven... . A Prom noe distinctly compressed, ,.. . ns u WS Fruit moderately compressed, with a lanceolate or elliptical partition, opening by 2 valves. Seeds pendulous; radicle incumbent, rarely obliquely accumbent ; cotyledons inserted behind the bend of the embryo. Petals white, more rarely yellowish or wanting. — Species 20. Some of them (especially Z. sativum L., garden-cress) yield salad, oil, and medicaments. . . . u." Sepia Fruit strongly compressed, With sb there hate 0 Seeds horizontal, inserted in the middle of the cell. Radicle short, accum- bent ; cotyledons inserted behind the bend of the embryo. Petals yellow. Median and lateral glands present. — Species 6. North Africa. Some are used medicinally. . . . . . . Biseutella L. Seeds pendulous from the top of the cell. Petals, when present, white pedtioriviolety!. ‚Anl o.qeilehwiwetecbDos chen; Yugce WW Radicle incumbent ; cotyledons inserted behind the bend of the embryo. Style very short. Fruit reniform, wrinkled, indehiscent. — Species 7. Some of themare used medicinally. (Senebiera Poir.) Coronopus Gaertn. Radicle accumbent ; cotyledons inserted at the bend of the embryo. Style distinctly developed. Fruit ovate. Outer petals larger than the mner. Median glands wanting. — Species 4. North-west Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants or in medicine. “ Candytuft.” Iberis L. . Fruit dehiscing by two valves, globular, prickly, with a pierced partition. Style subulate, with short, blunt lobes. Seeds globose, with a thread- shaped funicle. Radicle incumbent; cotyledons folded, inserted at the bend of the embryo. Sepals erect. Petals yellow. Herbs. Leaves pinnatisect. — Species I. North-west Africa. Suceowia Medik. Fruit indehiscent, with a thick partition. Style conical. Seeds with a very short funicle... .. . ae oe. VE . Fruit angular-subglobose, a Style very short, with short lobes. Seeds oblong. Radicle obliquely accumbent ; cotyledons inserted behind the bend of the embryo. Sepals spreading. Petals yellow. Herbs. Leaves pinnately divided. — Species I. North-east Africa DEE net, +, + le, Ao eo o>, a, AOE 88. CRUCIFERAE 227 Fruit ovoid. Style rather long, with long lobes. Radicle incumbent ; cotyledons folded, inserted at the bend of the embryo. Sepals erect. Petals rose-coloured. Spinous shrubs. Leaves undivided. — Species 2. Nautica ntOWNUDIA. «sil la Tomtlacgas as dtr. 1 Zillat Forsk: 99. (91.) Fruit compressed from the back or not compressed ; hence partition Proramsrtne ruby he RRO A AOI me OE US, 500 Fruit laterally compressed ; partition narrower than the fruit. . . . 104 too. Seeds 4, in a single row, flat, with a long free funicle ; radicle accumbent. Fruit with a soon vanishing partition ; valves flat, without a distinct median nerve; style very short. Lateral sepals saccate. Petals violet. Only two lateral glands present. Leaves pinnately dissected. Fruit-stalks bent downwards. (See 92.). it. eo I. Seeds more than 4, nearly always in two rows. Fruit with a persistent Brenn enals Hot Saccate, . ee MeN em „ 10% tor. Seeds flat, winged. Funicle adnate to the partition at the base. Radicle incumbent ; cotyledons folded. Fruit with a stalk-like appendage at the base; valves slightly convex. Petals rose or violet. Leaves undivided or lobed. — Species 2. North Africa. Used medicinally. Savignya DC. Seeds turgid or flat but not winged. Funicle free. Radicle accumbent. Peete Or yellow.’ 9. NE OR Haan fae fet» 102 102. Fruit-valves with a very faint median nerve not reaching the top, or without a distinct median nerve, convex. Seeds turgid. Style-apex lobed. Median and lateral glands developed. (See 70.) Nasturtium R. Br. Fruit-valves with a distinct median nerve reaching the top. Median PE UAE, MES ed ony sk LN Se ete ALS. OLDR A 103 103. Fruit-valves distinctly convex. Seeds turgid. Style-apex truncate beneath the stigma. Petals white. Filaments curved. — Species I. Naturalized in the Island of St. Helena. (Under Cochileariu L.) Kernera Medik. Fruit-valves rather flat. Style-apex lobed or depressed beneath the stigma. Glands 4. Leaves undivided. (See 33.). . . Drabal. 104. (99.) Median and lateral glands present. Sepals erect. Fruit winged. Style long. Seeds numerous. Radicle incumbent ; cotyledons folded. Leaves undivided. Eee”. ORS er Mics ieee. se 105 Median glands absent. Style short, rarely long, but then radicle ac- cumbent. Cotyledons not folded...» vs. = «u. er 92.5100 105. Petals white, with dark veins. Fruit obcordate. Style-apex shortly and obtusely lobed. Hispid herbs. — Species 1. North-west Africa. Psychine Desf. Petals violet or red. Fruit ovoid. Style-apex distinctly and acutely lobed. Glabrous herbs. — Species 1. North Africa and Abyssinia. Schouwia DC. 228 88. CRUCIFERAE — 89. RESEDACEAE 106. Stamens more or less perigynous. Petals white. Seeds 4—6. Cotyledons inserted behind the bend of the embryo. . . ei, Stamens hypogynous. Cotyledons inserted at the pend ef the eibrfo: 108 107. Filaments with an appendage at their base. Fruit winged above. Style short. Seeds 4. Radicle accumbent. Leaves lanceolate, ovate, or pinnatipartite. — Species 2. North-west Africa. Used as vegetables. Teesdalia R. Br. Filaments without an appendage. Fruit not winged. Style absent. Seeds 6. Radicle incumbent. Leaves linear. — Species 1. High mountains of East Africa. . . . . . Subularia L. 108. Filaments, at least the longer ones, AB a mM like appendage. Lateral sepals saccate at the base. Petals rose-coloured. Style short. Radicle incumbent. Flowers in racemes. (See go.). . . Aethionema R. Br. Filaments without an appendage. Sepals not saccate.. . . cae cele) 109. Flowers solitary in the axils of the radical, undivided feos Petals rose-coloured. Fruit-valves wingless, separating from the laterally dilated placentas. Seeds 6. Radicle incumbent. — Species 2. North- west Africa. Used as ornamental plants. . . Ionopsidium Reichb. Flowers in racemes. Fruit-valves separating from the narrow or thickened but not dilated placentas, or fruitindehiscent.. . . . . . . IIO 110. Fruit-valves not winged. Fruit oblong or ovate. Petals white. Leaves pinnately divided. (See 27.) . . . . . . Hutehinsia R. Br. Pramevalves: wire: 37 107 SY Ra Mn BS Il eS! IT Ne t11. Radicle accumbent. Petals white or rose. Leaves undivided. — Species 6. North Africa and Abyssinia. Used medicinally. ‘‘ Penny-cress.” Thlaspi L. Baele,meumbent. , .. N Te SE IEEW RE 112. Fruit oblong or elliptical. Stigma sessile. Petals white or yellow. Leaves undivided. — Species 2. North-west Africa (Algeria). (In- cluding Pastorea Tod.) . . . . « . „ Bivonaea DC. Fruit obcordate. Stigma borne upon a short style. Funicle free. Petals white See 36... re N ne = GRR SUBORDER RESEDINEAE FAMILY 89. RESEDACEAE Leaves alternate, stipulate. Flowers in terminal spikes or racemes, irregular. Sepals 4—8. Petals 2—8, free, rarely 0. Disc hypogynous, one-sided, rarely wanting. Stamens 3—40, free or united at the base. Carpels 2—6, superior and usually stalked, open at the top, distinct or united and then forming a I- celled ovary. Ovules inverted. Stigmas sessile. Seeds reniform, exalbumin- ous, with a curved embryo. — Genera 6, species 45. (Plate 55.) 1. Carpels 5—6, distinct or cohering at the base mies Petals 5. Leaves I ON 5) at oni a RESEDACEAE. BELOW. PL.AFR. J. Fleischmann del. Oligomeris glaucescens Cambess. A Flowering branch, B Flower, C Petal. D Stamens. E Ovary cut lengthwise and ac art of a branch with clusters of leaves. ross, F Fruit. G Seed cut lengthwise, DROSERACEAE. FLOW. PL. AFR, Pl. 56. J. Fleischmann del. Drosera Burkeana Planch. A Plant in flower. B Flower, C Petal. D Flower without the corolla (the calyx cut lengthwise), E Style. F Older flower. G Older flower cut lengthwise. H Seed 89. RESEDACEAE — 00. MORINGACEAE — QI. NEPENTHACEAE 229) Carpels 2—4, united at least to the middle, forming a 1-celled ovary open at the top with parietal placentation ; if er united to the middle only, then petals 4. . . I «hewilee 2. Carpels with a single ende a A; in ae en of the cell, stellately spreading when ripe. Shrubs. — Species 1. North-west Africa (Algeria). . . . . Astrocarpus Neck. Carpels with 2—3 fasal El, Herbs u ~ Species 3. North and Central mivics, . & ; ER. Caylusea St. Hil. 3. Petals none. Genate 6. Man. al hypogynous. Stigmas 3. Fruit berry-like, closed at the top. Shrubs. Leaves linear. — Species 5. North Africa and northern East Africa. . . Ochradenus Del. Petals 2—8. Fruit capsular, openatthetop.. . . IG STG 4. Petals 2. Disc wanting. Stamens 3—1O0, EES Ovary sessile. Stigmas 4. Herbs or undershrubs. — Species 6. South Africa and North Africa to Nubia. (Plate 55.). . . . . Oligomeris Cambess. Petals 4—8. Disc present... . . : Reo t 5. Petals perigynous, 6—8. Stamens . ee numerous. Disc double. Stigmas 2—3. Shrubs. — Species 2. North Africa and northern Hast Aftica. «+, / . . . Randonia Coss. Petals hypogynous, te Bistiens a OR Ovary stalked. Herbs or undershrubs. — Species 30. North Africa and northern East Africa ; one species also introduced in South Africa. Some species (especially R. luteola L.) yield a dye, oil, and medicaments, others (especially R. odorata L.) are used as ornamental plants and in perfumery. “ Mignon- ette 7 Uneluding Futeolaloum.), aueh tryeysl te Reseda L. SUBORDER MORINGINEAE FAMILY 90. MORINGACEAE Trees. Leaves alternate, pinnate. Stipules gland-like or wanting. Flowers in panicles, irregular, hermaphrodite. Petals 5, perigynous, imbricate in bud. Fertile stamens 5, perigynous, alternating with 5 staminodes. Anthers I- celled, turned inwards. Ovary short-stalked, I-celled, with 3 parietal placen- tas. Ovules numerous, pendulous, inverted. Style simple. Fruit capsular. Seeds exalbuminous ; embryo straight. (Under CAPPARIDACEAE.) Genus I, species 6. Five species spontaneous in northern East Africa, Madagascar, and Egypt ; the sixth (M. oleifera Lam., horse-radish-tree) cultivated and sometimes naturalized on the coasts of the tropics. This species yields gum, fibre, tanners’ bark, fodder, vegetables, oil, con- Giiciite ale medicaments. © . un Moringa Juss. ORDER SARRACENIALES FAMILY 91. NEPENTHACEAE Shrubs or undershrubs. Leaves alternate, undivided, terminating in a pitcher. Flowers regular, dioecious. Perianth-segments 4. Stamens 4 or 230 QI. NEPENTHACEAE — 92. DROSERACEAE — 93. PODOSTEMONACEAE more, with united filaments; anthers 2-celled, opening outwards. Ovary superior, 4-celled. Ovules numerous, axile, inverted. Stigmas 4, sessile, 2-lobed. Fruit a loculicidal capsule. Seeds with a straight, axile embryo and fleshy albumen. Genus I, species 2. Madagascar and Seychelles. Used as ornamental Be Bitcher plant.” -. Yor. te nn Nepenthes L. FAMILY 92. DROSERACEAE Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves usually covered with glandular hairs and rolled up in the bud. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite. Calyx 4—8-lobed or -parted, imbricate in bud. Petals 4—8, usually 5, free, clawed, imbricate or contorted in aestivation. Stamens 4—20, as many as or more than the petals, hypogynous or nearly so, free. Anthers usually turned outwards, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, I-celled. Ovules numerous (10 or more), inverted. Styles or style-branches 2—5. Fruit a loculicidal capsule. Seeds albuminous, with a small embryo. — Genera 3, species 15. (Plate 56.) I. Stamens 10—20. Styles 5, free, with capitate stigmas. Ovules basal or nearly so. Undershrubs. Leaves linear, glandular-hairy, rolled up in the bud. Flowers in corymbs. — Species 1. North-west Africa (Morocco)... . . Drosophyllum Link Stamens 4—8. Si8es or dt che geben with not much thickened stigmas. Ovules parietal Herbs. . . . I Ce 2. Blade of the leaves jointed to the stalk, folded eile ide! ae by bristles, without glands at the edges. Leaves whorled. Flowers solitary, axillary. Stamens 5. Styles 5, free, with branched stigmas. Ovules few, affixed at the middle of the placentas. Floating water- plants. — Species I. Upper Nile. . ... : Aldrovanda L. Blade of the leavesnot jointed, flat, rolled up in the bud, bearing long-stalked glands at the edges. Ovules numerous. — Species 13. Southern and tropical Africa. Some species are used in the preparation of liquors and in medicine. “Sundew.” (Plate 56.) wit) shivers fh BIOS ORDER ROSALES SUBORDER PODOSTEMONINEAE FAMILY 93. PODOSTEMONACEAE Aquatic herbs resembling mosses or algae. Flowers solitary or in cymes, usually enclosed when young in a spathe, hermaphrodite. Perianth of 2—3 minute scales, rarely larger and 3-parted. Stamens I—4, hypogynous. Anthers opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, I—3-celled, with a central placenta. Ovules numerous, sub-sessile, inverted. Fruit capsular. Seeds exalbuminous. — Genera 9, species 25. Tropical and South Africa. (Plate 57.) BLOW. PL. AFR. PODOSTEMONACEAE. J. Fleischmann del. Tristicha alternifolia Tul. A Plant in flower. B Flower. C Flower cut lengthwise, HYDROSTACHYACEAE, | FLOW. PL. AFR. Pl. 58. J. Fleischmann del. Hydrostachys multifida A. Juss. A Plant in flower. B Male flower with its bract. C Female flower, and ovary cut lengthwise, D Fruit. E Seed, 03. PODOSTEMONACEAE —- 94. HYDROSTACH YACEAE 231 1. Flowers without a spathe, regular. Perianth 3-parted. Stamen 1. Ovary 3-celled. Styles 3. Leaves undivided. — Species 5. Tropical and South Africa. (Plate 57.) [Tribe TRISTICHEAE.] Tristicha Thouars Flowers at first enclosed in a spathe, irregular. Perianth of 2, rarely of 3 small scales. Stamens 2—4. Ovary 1—2-celled. Styles 1-2. JS GCSB BUEN iGk 3 (2) Si. ei Air eo ne 2. Style ı, very short; stigma entire. Ovary I-celled. Stamens 3--4; filaments free or nearly so. Stem elongate. Spathe close to the flower. — Species 1. Southern West Africa (Angola). [Tribe MARATHRE- a eS er oly ns GAMES ©: AR, he Angolaea Wedd. Styles 2, free or united at the base. Faiiwieas 2, rarely (Winklerella) 3, but then filaments united about halfway up. [Tribe PODOSTE- BEER N BERNIE irr Seo TR Ce ER Naat ED) CUTE OE SP ON PE 22 oli amr ilaments frée'or nearly so!’ Ovarystalkedi i) NT meg Filaments obviously united. a IE 03 EEE 2 DM OR NOMS 4. Fruit with unequal valves, the persistent late 5-nerved, the deciduous one 3-nerved. Stem little branched. Leaves linear or the lower with two teeth at the base. — Species 1. West Africa (Cameroons). Ledermanniella Engl. Fruit with two equal, se linear, 5-nerved valves. Stem much branched. Leaves divided in 2—5 narrow segments. — Species 2. West Africa. Used as salad. Li uw 215199 Dieraeanthus Engl. 5. Ovary and fruit I-celled, the latter with somewhat unequal valves. Flowers drooping. — Species 4. Central and South Africa. Used as salad. (Including Isothylax Baill.) . . . . . . . Sphaerothylax Bisch. Ovaryiand fruit 2-celledi In. 0. vn SEs RAG 6 ‘6. Fruit with unequal valves, one of which falls off, ana with prominent ribs. Pollen-grains united in pairs. — Species 1. Madagascar. Podostemon Mich. Fruit with equal valves.. . . BEIN en 30, ORION 9 7. Fruit smooth, without distinct be Pollen-grains separate. Flowers drooping. — Species 3. Southern Central Africa. (Leiocarpodicraea Engl., under Dicraea Thouars). . . . . . ~~ Leiothylax Warm. Fruit with prominent ribs. . . nie. dlil-alsac 8 8. Fruit 2-toothed at the top, with Het: ON one of them or both falling off. Pollen-grains separate. — Species 1. West Africa (Cam- eroons). hong . . . Winklerella Engl. Fruit with persistent ve Pollen: >: united in pairs. — Species 9. Tropics. (Under Podostemon Mich.) . . . . . Dieraea Thouars FAMILY 94. HYDROSTACHYACEAE Aquatic herbs. Stem tuberous. Leaves with a sheath and a ligule. Flowers in spikes, bracteate, without a perianth, dioecious. Stamen I, with separated 32 94. HYDROSTACH YACEAE — 95. CRASSULACEAE anther-halves (or 2 with united filaments), hypogynous. Anthers turned outwards. Pollen-grains united in groups of 4. Ovary I-celled, with 2 parietal placentas. Ovules numerous, inverted. Styles 2. Fruit capsular. Seeds exalbuminous. (Under PODOSTEMONACEAE.) (Plate 58.) Genus I, species 15. Tropical and South-east Africa. Hydrostachys Thouars SUBORDER SAXIFRAGINEAE FAMILY 95. CRASSULACEAE Herbs or undershrubs, rarely shrubs. Stem and leaves usually succulent. Leaves without stipules. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite. Petals 3—20, free or united below, hypogynous or nearly so. Stamens as many or twice as many as the petals. Filaments free. Anthers turned inwards. Carpels as many as the petals, free or united at the base, usually with a scale-like append- age. Ovules numerous, rarely (Crassula) I—2 in each carpel. Fruit-carpels follicular. Seeds with a very scanty albumen or without albumen. — Genera 10, species 400. (Plate 59.) I. Petalsfreeornearlyso. . . ee Petals united below into a en ets PR: u wirst toe 2. Stamens as many as the sepals or petals, 3—9, usvally 5. Sepals free or nearly so. Petals white or reddish. Leaves opposite. — Species 180. Some of them are used as ornamental or medicinal plants. (Including Bulliarda DC., Dinacria Harv., Helophytum Eckl. & Zeyh., and Tillaea Ly) mae Hiss. Crassula L. Stamens twice as many as 5 the ak hardly (Sadetin) equalling the sepals in number, but then leaves alternate. . . eiiiset{ tion Br 3. Flowers 4—5-merous, very rarely Re ae free or nearly so. Leaves usually scattered. — Species 25. North Africa and high mountains of East Africa. Some species are used as vegetables or as medicinal or ornamental plants. . . . a wilde Sedum L. Flowers 6—20-merous, very rarely 5-merous. Sonal: more or less united. Leaves usually rosulate.. . . a u AT re 4. Scale-like appendages of the BR Da ie Petals linear- lanceolate, inconspicuous, reddish or yellowish. — Species 10. North- west Africa. (Petrophyes Webb) . . . .. Monanthes Haw. Scale-like appendages of the carpels small or wanting. Petals lanceolate, brightly coloured. — Species 70. North Africa and northern Central Africa. Some are used as ornamental or medicinal plants. “ House- leek.’’ (Including Aeonium Webb, Aichryson Webb, and Greenovia Webb & Berth.) SATAN -b0>VINS Sempervivum L. 5. Flowers 4-merous. Leaves opposite. . . =. « » «, a sn Plowéets 5-—-O-MMerous. way, a ck es oe one eke ey en CRASSULACEAE. FLOW. PL. AFR; J. Fleischmann del. Kalanchoe laciniata DC. A Flowering branch. B Flower cut lengthwise. C Cross-section of carpels. D Fruit. E Seed. Pl. 59. SAXIFRAGACEAE, FLOW. PL. AFR. Pl. 60. J. Fleischmann del. Brexia madagascariensis Thouars A Flowering branch. B Flower cut lengthwise. C Cross-section of ovary. 95. CRASSULACEAE — 96. SAXIFRAGACEAE 233 6. Calyx clett nearly to the middle, large, inflated. Corolla urn- or almost bell-shaped. Stamens 8. Carpels not diverging. Stigmas capitate. Undershrubs. — Species 5. Tropical and South Africa. Some are used as ornamental or medicinal plants. (Crassuvia Comm.) Bryophyllum Salisb. Calyx divided to the middle or beyond, usuallysmall. . . . . . 7 7. Calyx divided to the middle, small, bell-shaped. Corolla tube- or bell- Shaped ; segments short and broad, triangular to orbicular. Stamens 8. Carpels diverging. Stigmas capitate. — Species 15. Madagascar. (Under Kalanchoe Adans.) . . Br Kitehingia Bak. Calyx divided nearly to the base, Laer daly to the middle, but then corolla with oblong, elliptical, or ovate segments. Corolla usually salver-shaped, with spreading segments. Stigmas obliquely truncate. — Species 45. Tropica! and South Africa. Some yield an aromatic resin or are used in medicine. (Plate 59.) . . . Kalanehoé Adans. 8. Stamens twice as many as the sepals or petals, 10, rarely 12. — Species 40. Some of them are used as ornamental or medicinal plants. (Including Echeveria DC., Mucizonia DC., Pistorinia DC., and Umbrlicus DC.) Cotyledon L. Stamens as many as the sepals or petals, 5, rarely6. Leavesopposite. 9 g. Calyx as long as the corolla-tube, bell-shaped, divided to about the middle. Corolla bell-shaped, yellow. Small, stiff, glaucous herbs. — Species I. South, Africa. .I2 . . . Grammanthes DC. Calyx shorter than the onthe faba. dade nearly or quite to the base. Corolla funnel-shaped. Thick, succulent herbs or undershrubs. — Species 4. South Africa. Used as ornamental plants. Roehea DC. FAMILY 96. SAXIFRAGACEAE Petals 4—5, free or united below. Stamens as many or twice as many as the petals, perigynous or epigynous. Anthers opening by two longitudinal slits. Ovary 1—7-celled. Ovules numerous, inverted. Seeds with copious albumen, rarely (Montinia) without albumen. — Genera II, species 25. (Including GROSSULARIACEAE.) (Plate 60.) I. Stem herbaceous. Styles 2—-5, free. [Subfamily SAXIFRAGOIDEAE.| 2 Stem woody, rarely (Berenice) herbaceous above, but then style simple. Leaves without stipules. Placentas parietal or septal. . . . . 3 2. Calyx with valvate aestivation. Stamens 5. Ovary inferior, 1-celled, with 2—3 placentas suspended from the apex of the cell. Leaves opposite, entire. — Species 4. Tropical and South Africa and Egypt. Vahlia Thunb. Calyx with imbricate aestivation. Stamens 8—10. Ovary 2—5-celled, with the placentas attached to the dissepiments. — Species 9. North Africa and Abyssinia. Some species are used as ornamental or medicinal Ba iC RSS Ce a a ara ek ne eae Saxifraga L. 234 35 96. SAXIFRAGACEAE Stamens 8—10. Ovary inferior or half-inferior, completely or incom- pletely 2—5-celled. Styles 2—5, free or united at the base. Corolla with valvate aestivation. Outer flowers of the inflorescence often barren with enlarged sepals. Leaves opposite. — Species I (H. Hortensia DC.) Naturalized in several] islands (Madeira, St. Helena, Réunion). An ornamental plant. [Subfamily HYDRANGEOIDEAE.| Hydrangea L. Stamens 4—5. Stylesı—2. .. . EN: . Ovary I-celled, inferior. Style simple with 2 stigmas, or styles 2. Fruit a berry. Leaves alternate. Flowers hermaphrodite. — Species 2. North-west Africa (Algeria). One of them (R. Grossularia L., goose- berry) yields edible fruit, from which also a drink is prepared. (In- cluding Grossularia A. Rich.) [Subfamily RIBESOIDEAE.| Ribes L. Ovary 2—7-celled, rarely I-celled, but then leaves opposite and flowers unisexual. [Subfamily ESCALLONIOIDEAE.| . ..... 5 . Ovary I-celled, inferior. Ovules 8—ıo. Style simple; stigma 2-lobed. Flowers unisexual. Leaves opposite. — Species I. Madagascar. Grevea Baill. Ovary 2—7-celled. “ote simple with an entire or pe ge stigma, or a-partedsynnt 20% in . Ovary superior, 5—7- soäflech Style settle with a 5—7- we: stigma. Fruit a berry er-deupe. fis: IR? . 3 010) 0 a Ovary inferior or half-inferior, 2—4- PR; Style site? with an entire stigma or 2-parted. Fruit a capsule. Leaves altenate.e . . . 8 . Sepals persistent. Petals united at the base, campanulately connivent, rolled back at the tip. Stamens inserted between the lobes of the disc. Anthers opening outwards. Ovary pyramidal. Fruitaberry. Embryo shorter than the seed. Climbing shrubs. Leaves opposite. Flowers solitary or in few-flowered clusters. — Species I. Mascarene Islands. Roussea Smith Sepals deciduous. Petals free, blunt. Stamens inserted on the margin of the disc. Anthers opening inwards or laterally. Ovary ovoid. Fruit a drupe with a woody, I-celled stone. Embryo as long as the seed. Low trees. Leaves alternate. Flowers in umbel-shaped cymes. — Species 2. East Africa, Madagascar and Seychelles. The fruits are edible. (Venana Lam.) (Plate: 60) sata tate ite Brexia Thouars . Ovary 3—4-celled. Style 1, simple. Petals | 5, united at the base. Seeds linear-oblong. Undershrubs. Leaves serrate. Flowers in panicles. — Species I. Island of Réunion. 8 PIG sg Berenice Tul. Ovary 2-celled. Styles 2, free or united at the base (sometimes also at the top; when young). ‘Shrabsorttees. 0° 27 ea LITT ee .. Ovary inferior. Flowers 4-merous, unisexual. Petals imbricate in bud. Seeds winged, exalbuminous. Leaves entire. Male flowers panicled, female solitary. — Species 1. South Africa. . . . Montinia Lf. PITTOSPORACEAE. LOW. PL. AFR. Pie, J. Fleischmann del. Pittosporum viridiflorum Sims A Flowering branch. B Flower cut lengthwise. C Cross-section of ovary. D Fruiting branch. E Fruit. F Seed cut lengthwise. CUNONIACEAE. FLOW. PL. AFR. J. Fleischmann del. Weinmannia Hildebrandtii Baill. A Flowering branch. B Flower cut lengthwise C Cross-section of ovary. D Fruit. E Seed. Pl. 62. 96. SAXIFRAGACEAE — 97. PITTOSPORACEAE — 08. CUNONIACEAE 235 Ovary half-inferior. Flowers 5-merous. Petals valvate in bud. Seeds albuminous. Leaves glandular-serrate. Flowers in panicles or in Bee ee eu 5 Anti era een +2 an oO 10. Sepals subulate. Petals ovate. Filaments thin. Seeds oblong. Shrubs with thin branches. Flowers small, polygamous. — Species 2. South Africa and southern East Africa . . lye Choristylis Harv. Sepals lanceolate to ovate. Petals linear or oblong. Filaments thick. Trees with thick branches. Flowers rather large. --- Species I. Island Peet ns hs ddan ck er Kenia te Forgesia Comm. FAMILY 97. PITTOSPORACEAE Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, undivided, exstipulate. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite. Sepals 5, free or nearly so. Petals 5, free or united below. Stamens 5, hypogynous. Disc none. Ovary superior, sessile or short-stalked, ı-celled or incompletely 2—5-celled. Style simple; stigma entire or lobed. Ovules numerous, ascending or horizontal, inverted, with a single coat. Fruit a loculicidal capsule. Seeds with a hard albumen and a small embryo situated near the hilum. (Under SAXIFRAGACEAE.) (Plate 61.) Genus I, species 35. Tropical and South Africa and Canary Islands. Some are used as ornamental plants. . . . . . Pittosporum Banks FAMILY 98. CUNONIACEAE Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite or whorled, stipulate. Flowers in spike-, raceme-, or panicle-like inflorescences, hermaphrodite. Sepals 4—5, free or united at the base. Petals 4-5. Stamens 8—1o, inserted beneath the disc. Ovary superior, 2—3-celled ; ovules 2 or more to each cell. Styles 2—3, free. Fruit capsular. Seeds albuminous. — Genera 3, species 17. South Africa, Madagascar and neighbouring islands. (Under SAXIFRAGACEAE.) (Plate 62.) 1. Calyx valvate in bud. Petals 3-cleft or 3-toothed, shorter than the calyx. Disc perigynous, deeply 4—5-lobed. Connective acuminate. Ovary 2-celled, with 2 pendulous ovules in each cell. Trees. Leaves of 3 leaflets. Stipules free. Flowers in panicles. — Species 1. South Africa (Cape Colony). . ae ee Platylophus Don Calyx imbricate in bud. Disc 8—ro-lobed. Stipules united in pairs. Flowers in clusters arranged in spikesorracemes.. . . . - + 2 2. Disc perigynous, adnate to the base of the ovary. Stamens 10. Ovary 2-celled, with numerous ovules. Seeds compressed, with a narrow wing. Leaves compound, with 3 or more leaflets. — Species I. South Africa. Yields timber. Le ee ER» Cunonia L. Disc hypogynous, free from the ovary. Seeds hairy. — Species 15. Mada- gascar and the neighbouring islands. Some species yield timber, tans, dyes, and medicaments. (Plate 62.) . . . . . Weinmannia L. 236 99. MYROTHAMNACEAE — 100. BRUNIACEAE FAMILY 99. MYROTHAMNACEAE Balsamiferous shrubs. Leaves opposite, folded fan-like, undivided, stipulate. Flowers in spikes, dioecious, without a perianth. Stamens 3—8; connective produced into a point ; anthers attached at the base, opening by lateral slits ; pollen-grains cohering in groups of four. Ovary lobed, 3—4-celled. Ovules numerous, inverted. Styles 3—4, free, short and thick, with broadened stigmas. Fruit capsular or separating into 2—4 nutlets. Seeds with copious albumen. (Under HAMAMELIDEAE or SAXIFRAGACEAE.) Genus I, species 2. Tropical and South Africa. The resin is used as a fumigant and in medicine. (Including Myosurandra Baill.) Myrothamnus Welw. FAMILY 100. BRUNIACEAE Undershrubs or shrubs. Leaves alternate, small, undivided, without stipules, rarely (Staavia) with gland-like stipules. Flowers in heads, more rarely in spikes or racemes or solitary, hermaphrodite, 5-merous, very rarely 4-merous. Calyx with imbricate or open aestivation. Petals free or united below, imbricate in bud. Stamens as many as and alternate with the petals. Anthers opening inwards by longitudinal slits. Ovary inferior or half-inferior, rarely (Lonchostoma) almost superior, I—3-celled. Ovules 1—4 in each cell, pendulous, inverted. Style 1—3. Fruit a capsule or nut. Seeds with a copious albumen and a minute embryo next the hilum. — Genera 12, species 55. South Africa. (Plate 63.) I. Anthers linear or oblong, with parallel, wholly adnate cells. Petals clawed, the claw without distinct glands. Ovary and receptacle (calyx-tube) glabrous. Style I, with 2—3 punctiform stigmas. [Tribe AUDOUINI- EAE.} gs Ee een OS TEE cS ace 2 Anthers sagittate or cordate, with partly free and divergent cells. [Tribe BRUNIEAE.]. te ll aera 4 2. Ovary 3-celled. Ovules 6. Stigmas 3. Connective prolonged beyond the anther-cells, strap-shaped. Receptacle obconical. Petals red. Flowers in head-like spikes. Bracteoles 7—10. — Species 1. Cape MOY. ck ee kM we ee ee ae ee pe en Ovary 2-called or later on I-celled. Ovules 4 or 8. Stigmas 2. Con- nective not prolonged. Fruit a I-seeded nut. Flowers solitary or in (lhc i ao... 5 me, Bee UY I 3. Ovary inferior. Receptacle obconical or cupular. Sepals hairy, deciduous. Petals lanceolate. Flowers solitary. — Species 5. South Africa. Thamnea Soland. Ovary half-inferior. Ovules 4. Receptacle globular-urceolate. Sepals glabrous, persisting in fruit. Petals obovate, white. Flowers in racemes. Bracteoles 6. — Species1. Cape Colony. Tittmannia Brongn. FLOW. PL. AFR. J. Fleischmann del. BRUNIACECAE. Raspalia microphylla (Thunb.) Brongn. C Cross-section of ovary. A Flowering branch B Flower cut lengthwise. Pl. 63. HAMAMELIDACEAE. Pi. FLOW. PL. AFR. i J. Fleischmann del. Trichocladus ellipticus Eckl. and Zeyh. A Flowering branch. B Flower cut lengthwise (the petals cut off excepting one). C Cross-section of ovary. Io. II I00. BRUNIACEAE 237 . Anthers sagittate. Petals sessile or with a glandless claw. Ovary 2- celled with 2 ovules in each cell. Fruit consisting of 2 dehiscing parts. Flowers in spikes. ite eA, Oe as 5 Anthers cordate. Petals iaired, the tae ith 2 add Suk aaa 6 . Petals with the claws united into a tube. Sepals, anthers, and ovary hairy. Ovarv almost superior. Bracteoles 2. —- Species 3. Cape Pram aes ni. enchostoma Wickstr. Petals sessile, free. Flowers glabrous. Sepals very short. Ovary almost inferior. Styles free. Bracteoles 4—8.—- Species 3. Cape Colony. Linconia L. . Ovary I-celled. Ovule 1. Style and stigma simple. Glands at the base of the petals crest-like. Flowers hairy. Fruit indehiscent. 7 Ovary 2-celled. Styles 2, or a single style with 2 stigmas. Arne 4 the base of the petals tubercle- or pouch-like. . . . Ye Oe: . Sepals short and broad, triangular. Stamens curved Wes ik shorter than the petals; anthers shortly cleft. Flowers solitary, axillary, spicately arranged. Bracteoles thread-shaped. — Species I. Cape Colony. (Under Berzelia Brongn.) . . . . . Mniothamnea Oliv. Sepals awl-shaped. Stamens curved chiara longer than the petals ; anthers deeply cleft. Flowers in heads. Bracteoles club- or spoon- shaped. — Species g. South Africa. . . . . Berzelia Brongn. . Fruit one-seeded, usually indehiscent. . . . em AS Fruit consisting of two dehiscent, usually one- Ac parts ie in a reger Ehre > . Receptacle obconical. Sepals united beyond he. ovary. Petals short, with a very short, 2-tubercled claw. Stamens shorter than the petals, equal. Anthers adnate, shortly cleft. Style short and thick, kneed. — Species 8. South Africa. (Under Brunia L.) Pseudobaeckea Nied. Receptacle cylindrical. Sepals free above the ovary. Petals long, with a long claw bearing a 2-lobed pouch. Stamens longer than the petals, unequal, the anterior longer. Anthers versatile, deeply cleft. Style long or rather long, almost straight. Ovules 2 in each cell. Flowers in heads. — Species 4. South Africa. . . a ee RR Fe Style 1, short and thick ; stigmas 2, obliquely uidinal, slightly thickened. Anthers pointed at the apex. Receptacle rather long. Sepals united beyond the ovary. Petals oblong, shortly clawed, 2-tubercled at the base. Bracteoles thread-shaped. — Species 9. South Africa. Staavia Thunb. Styles 2, free or more or less cohering, but then long and thread-shaped ; stigmas simple, terminal. Anthers rounded at the apex. . . II Sepals united beyond the ovary, triangular. Petals oblong, with a er claw bearing two tubercles at the base. Styles free, kneed above. Bracts broad, shorter than the flowers. Bracteoles linear. — Species 8. South Africa. (Under Berardia Sond.) (Plate 63.) Raspalia Brongn. 238 100. BRUNIACEAE — IOI. HAMAMELIDACEAE — 102. PLATANACEAE Sepals free above the ovary, linear. Petals strap-shaped, with a long claw bearing two tubercles in the upper part. Styles more or less cohering, long, almost straight. Bracts narrow, longer than the flowers. Bract- eoles spatulate or sickle-shaped. — Species 5. South Africa. (Berardia POUT. au 01 is ded ges a Dikerara Baill. FAMILY 101. HAMAMELIDACEAE Trees or shrubs. Leaves undivided, stipulate. Flowers in heads or head- like spikes, 4—5-merous. Petals narrow, sometimes wanting in the female flowers. Fertile stamens as many as and alternating with the petals, some- times accompanied by staminodes. Filaments free. Anthers opening by lateral slits or by valves. Ovary 2-celled. Ovules I in each cell, pendulous, inverted. Styles 2, free. Fruit capsular. Seeds with a straight embryo and thin albumen. — Genera 3, species 20. Tropical and South Africa. (Plate 64.) 1. Flowers unisexual, rarely polygamous, 5-merous. Staminodes none. Anthers ovoid, opening by valves. Shrubs. Stipules short and narrow. Flowers in many-flowered heads. — Species 3. South and East Africa. (Plate 64.) OE hue Ee) Ken". ©. “gr RICO ne Flowers hermaphrodite, usually 4-merous. Sepals short. Ovary inferior Calmosteormeeme. “Sa tas feo eee se wn be ie ne 2. Staminodes none. Anthers opening by longitudinal slits. Trees. Flowers in many -flowered heads, 4-merous. — Species 1. Madagascar. Franchetia Baill. Staminodes as many as and alternate with the stamens. Anthers oblong. Shrubs. Stipules long and broad. Flowers in 3—8-flowered head-like spikes. — Species 15. Madagascar and Comoro Islands. Some species yield timber and medicaments. . . . . « Dieoryphe Thouars SUBORDER ROSINEAE FAMILY 102. PLATANACEAE ; Trees. Leaves alternate, palmately lobed ; stipules connate. Flowers on a thickened receptacle in spicately arranged globose heads, monoecious. Sepals 3—8, free, hairy. Petalsthe same number,nearlyhypogynous. Stamensasmany as and alternating with the petals; connective peltate ; anthers opening in- wards or laterally by longitudinal slits. Carpels the same number, free. Ovules solitary, pendulous, straight. Fruit consisting of achenes densely crowded in a head. Seed with scanty albumen ; cotyledons linear. Genus I, species 2. Cultivated in North Africa as avenue-trees. They also yield timber. “ Plane.’ int Week ls «cas eee I03. ROSACEAE 239: FAMILY 103. ROSACEAE Leaves alternate, stipulate. Receptacle (floral axis) more or less concave, saucer-, cup-, urn-, or tube-shaped, in the male flowers sometimes very small. Stamens curved inwards in the bud, usually numerous. Anthers opening inwards by longitudinal slits. Carpels superior, solitary or free, or inferior and then more or less united. Ovules inverted. — Genera 32, species 230. (In- cluding AMYGDALACEAE and POMACEAE.) (Plate 65.) I. Ovaries 1—10, inferior (adnate to the concave receptacle) and usually connate. Petals 5 Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous. . . 2 Ovaries (or ovary) superior, free from the receptacle, but sometimes tightly 2 ESS TH CRS A GPE SS ee eae eee: meee er TO 2. Stem herbaceous. Leaves lobed or dissected.. Petals yellow. Stamens ro. Carpels 1I—10, one-ovuled. Fruiting receptacle dry. [Subfamily NEURADOIDEAE.| . . . 3 Stem woody. Petals white or an reas Py Fruiting He Eee succulent. [Subfamily POMOIDEAE. | 3. Flowers small, with a persisting epicalyx. Carpels Io. oe. pe: = — Species 2. North Africa to Nubia, German South West Africa. Neurada 1. Flowers large. Epicalyx none. — Species 6. South Africa. Grielum L.. 4. Carpels 2—5, distinct from each other on their inside, 2-ovuled. Fruit small. Endocarp bony. Leaves undivided. — Species 3. North- west Africa (Algeria). Used medicinally. . . . Cotoneaster Medik. Carpels 2—5, united as to the ovaries, or carpel I. alow 5 5. Carpels 3—5, incompletely divided in two cells each ; henge eis SE as many as the style-branches and containing a single ovule each. Fruit small. Endocarp membranous. Petals narrow. Leaves un- divided. Flowers in racemes. — Speciesı. North-west Africa (Algeria). Used as an ornamental plant. . . . . . . Amelanchier Medik. Carpels not divided, containing 2 or more ovuleseach. . . . . . 6 6. Ovules and seeds more than 2 to each carpel (or ovary-cell). Carpels 5. Fruit large. Endocarp cartilagineous. Seed-coat mucilagineous. Leaves undivided. —- Species I (C. vulgaris Pers., quince). Cultivated in North and South Africa and in some tropical islands. The fruit is edible and used for the preparation of confectionery and in medicine. (Under Pvrus L.) Sa ae . . . . Cydonia Tourn. Ovules and seeds I—2 to each RN for extent? ee Beye OT 6.07 7. Fruit with a bony endocarp and a mealy mesocarp. Ovules 2, one: of them sterile and covering the fertileone. . . TEN «2 Fruit with a membranous, ere -like, or eaieetucans endocarp. Carpels 2—5. . 9 8. Style furrowed. Re I sBinoliein, Zi edie ee Dee reer: 10—15. Flowers in racemes. Leaves undivided, persistent. — Species fe deine foie Ki LUO VOT EAA wide 2, Ghamaemeles Landi: 240 10. IT: I2. 13. 14: IO3. ROSACEAE Style not furrowed. Embryo with flat cotyledons. Leaves usually lobed or divided and deciduous. — Species 5. North-west Africa. They yield timber, tanners’ bark, edible fruits (medlars) and medica- ments and are also used as ornamental plants (hawthorn). (Including Crataegus L.) PDE ONE 3 2 EEO) OO u . Carpels projecting above the re; Heise cells of the fruit reaching to the cavity at its top. Styles 5, free. Fruit with a membranous endocarp. Seeds very large, with thick cotyledons. Leaves un- divided, persistent. — Species I (E. japonica Lindl., loquat). Culti- tivated in North Africa and some tropical islands for its edible fruits. (Under Photinia Lindl.) a. Pixon tha! BERN FA Eriobotrya Lindl, Carpels completely enclosed in the receptacle; hence cells of the fruit not reaching to its top. Leaves usually deciduous. — Species 8, of which 6 are growing wild in North Africa, the other two (P. communis L., pear, and P. Malus L., apple) cultivated in North and South Africa and Madagascar. ° They yield timber, tanners’ bark, and edible fruits, from which also drinks and medicaments are prepared. Several species are used as ornamental plants. (Pyrus L., ne Malus Tourn. aid Sorbus L.). a Re ens Er ur Pirus Tourn. (1.) Carpels 2 or more, with I—2 aoe Be; rarely carpel 1, with a single ovule. Flowers regular. [Subfamily ROSOIDEAE.]. . . ıı Carpel 1, with 2 ovules, sometimes more or less completely 2-celled or one ovule abortive; in this cases flowers distinctly irregular. Fruit a drupe. Shrubs or trees. Leaves undivided. Mere ee Receptacle of the female flowers deeply concave, tube- or oe tightly enclosing the carpels, especially in fruit. . . . . are Receptacle flat, convex, or moderately concave (cup- or saucer-shaped), not tightly enclosing the carpels. Carpels 5 or more. Stamens numer- Cua dials A! OSS 2. Sle betnedre nie ie A Carpels numerous. Ovules pendulous. Stamens numerous. Petals 4—6, large, red white or yellow, imbricate in bud. Sepals imbricate. Flowers hermaphrodite. Receptacle becoming succulent in fruit. Shrubs. Leaves pinnate. — Species 10. North Africa and Abyssinia; also naturalized in several tropical islands. Used as ornamental plants, and in the preparation of perfumes and medicaments; some have edible firuitsc; (Tribe ROSEAE] 7%, ee FOR Carpels 1—4. Petals small, yellow or an or wanting. [Tribe SAN- GUISGRBEAE E86 ised Bie piri. Vids En Perianth consisting of an epicalyx, a calyx, sural a corolla. Carpels 2—4. I4 Perianth consisting of calyx and corolla, or of epicalyx and calyx, or of the Calye my. wos cae a ew ee Pe we tye Oe SR ee Flowers hermaphrodite. Epicalyx of 5—6 small segments. Petals broad. Stamens 10—12. Shrubs. Leaves pinnatipartite. Flowers in racemes. — Species I. South Africa. .° . . .. Leueosidea Eckl. & Zeyh. 15. 16. 17. 18. IQ. 20. 2I. IO3. ROSACEAE 24I Flowers polygamous-dioecious. Epicalyx of 4—5 large segments. Petals narrow. Stamens 20. Trees. Leaves pinnate. Flowers in panicles. — Species I. East Africa. Used medicinally. (Brayera Kunth) Hagenia Gmel. Perianth consisting of a corolla and a calyx surrounded by several rows of hooked bristles. Stamens Io or more. Styles 2, subterminal. Herbs. Leaves pinnate. Flowers in spikes. — Species 1. North and South Africa. Yields tanning and dyeing materials, and is also used in medicine. RE 72 Se Agrimonia L. Perianth consisting of a he en an destinies: or only of acalyx. . 16 Epicalyx of 4—5 segments alternating with the sepals. Stamens 1—5. Ovules ascending. Styles basal. Stigmas capitate. Leaves lobed or digitate. — Species 25. Some of them yield tanning and dyeing materials and medicaments. ‘‘ Lady’s mantle.” (Including Aphanes Dep oven) te. belong baat oy itgory 5.00: 2lsAkehinmillk «Js. Epicalyx none. Stigmas more or less penicillate . . . . . . 41 Flowers hermaphrodite or monoecious; in the latter case receptacle of the male flowers resembling that of the female. Leaves pinnate. Flowers wf Spikes or heads: WH mn} u] RB QUA ET, DOB Suk) 18 Flower dioecious. Stamens numerous. irre of the male flowers very small. Shrubs or tres. . . ue. anodes 20 Receptacle armed with hooked bristles, at least in fut. Flowers herma- phrodite. Stamens 2—5. Herbs or undershrubs. — Species 3. South tet = sceemmecHeMy ee hee 2. 05: pe hye Acaena Vahl HEBEN GL u se eee ee Ed 2 Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous. Fruiting receptacle dry, not coloured, wrinkled and pitted or winged. Herbs. — Species 10. North Africa, one species also introduced in South Africa. Some species yield tans, dyes, and medicaments, or are used as potherbs, (Einer Peru.) bs Se... 1, +. »» Sangulsorba L. Flowers monoecious. Fruiting receptacle somewhat fleshy, coloured, smooth. Stamens numerous. Spinous shrubs. — Species I. North Africa. Used medicinally. (Sarcopoterium Spach) . . .Poterium L. Leaves pinnate, with several pairs of leaflets. Flowers in spikes. Fruit- ing receptacle somewhat fleshy. — Species 2. Canary Islands and Madeira +... Ma Bencomia Webb Leaves ee eae lowers An are, Fruiting receptacle carti- laginous, rarely somewhat fleshy. — Be, 40. South Africa and southern Central Africa . . . uns Glilfora L. (11.) Filaments narrowed towards the eg Petals 5, white. Ovules 2. Styles terminal. Ripe carpels dry and indehiscent. Herbs. Leaves pinnatisect. Flowers in panicles. — Species 1. North-west Africa (Algeria). Used as an ornamental plant. (Ulmaria Tourn., under Spiraea L.) [Tribe FILIPENDULEAE]. . . . . Filipendula L. Q 23. 24. 26. NO NI 103. ROSACEAE Filaments broadened at the base. Sepals valvate in bud. Carpels usually inserted on an elevated receptacle. [Tribe POTENTILLEAE]. . 22 . Carpels with 2 ovules each, drupe-like when ripe. Style subterminal. Epicalyx none. — Species 30. Many of them yield edible fruits, from which also drinks are prepared ; some are used as ornamental plants, for tanning, and in medicine. “‘ Bramble.” [Subtribe RUBINAE. } Rubus L. Carpels with 1 ovule each, nut-like when a Epicalyx nearly always BResent:. . -. il, ttt 23 Ovule ascending. Ste rise ers Herbs. adie leaves pinnatisect. — Species 4. North and South Africa ; one species also naturalized in St. Helena. They yield tanning and dyeing materials and medicaments. “‘Avens.” [Subtribe DRYADINAE.] . . . Geum L. Ovule pendulous. Style deciduous. [Subtribe POTENTILLINAE.] . 24 Ripe carpels on a greatly enlarged, coloured, and succulent receptacle. Petals white. Herbs. Leaves usually trifoliolate. — Species 5. Culti- vated in various regions ; one species also growing wild in the Azores, Madeira, and the Canary Islands. They yield edible fruits (strawberries), dyeing and tanning materials, and medicaments . . . Fragaria L. Ripe carpels on a slightly or not enlarged, not coloured, dry (sometimes spongy, but not succulent) receptacle. Flowers hermaphrodite. — Species 10. Some of them yield tanning and dyeing materials, or serve for the preparation of ink and medicaments, or as ornamental plants. Potentilla L. . (10.) Style terminal or nearly so. Ovules pendulous. Flowers regular. [Subfamily PRUNOIDEAE.] . . . Poe Style basal. Ovules erect. [Subfamily CHRYSOBALANOIDEAE. T Vee Petals sepaloid. Flowers in racemes. — Species I. Central and South-east IRA u = . . . Pygeum Gaertn. Petals petaloid. — BR: SIX na ean NH in North Africa, the others, as well as the former, cultivated in various regions. They yield timber, tanners’ bark, gum, oil, medicaments, and edible fruits (plums, cherries, apricots, peaches, almonds), from which also drinks and confectionery are prepared. Several species are used as ornamental plants. (Including Amygdalus L., Armeniaca Juss., Cerasus Juss., and Pesce TOU.) ee ee ee re Prunus L. . Flowers almost regular. Stamens 10 or more. Carpel inserted at or near the base of the bell- or funnel-shaped eas tos [Subtribe CHRYSOBALANINAE.] . . A on ee Flowers distinctly irregular. Feine static 3—20, all on one side of the flower. Carpel inserted at or near the upper margin of the more or less tubular receptacle. [Subtribe HIRTELLINAE.] . . . . . . 29 . Receptacle swelling on one side; carpel slightly excentrical. Stamens 10o—15. Fruit with a 3-angled stone. Flowersinracemes. — Species 2. Madagascar and Mascarenes. Used medicinally . . Grangeria Comm. ———— FLOW. PL. AFR, J. Fleischmann del. ROSACEAE, Parinarium congoense Engl. A Flowering branch, B Flower cut lengthwise. C Flower from above. D Unripe fruit. CONNARACEAE. FLOW. PL. AFR. Pl. 66. J. Fleischmann del. Connarus Smeathmannii DC. A End of branch with voung fruits, B Flower, C Flower cut lengthwise. D Fruit. E Seed with aril. 103. ROSACEAE —- 104. CONNARACEAE 243 Receptacle not swelling on one side ; carpel central. Stamens numerous. Fruit with an irregularly 5-angled stone. Flowers in panicles. — Species 3. Central Africa. They yield tanning and dyeing materials, oil, medicaments, and edible fruits (cocoa-plums). . . Chrysobalanus L. 29. Filaments united in a long strap. Anthersro—z0. Ovary completely ı-celled. — Species 17. Central Africa. Some species yield timber (Griffonia Hook. fil.) . . . » Hd RAN sly: Acioa Aubl. Filaments free or united at the base edle sed b Rao 30. Receptacle prolonged above into a scale-like apes Böstens 6—7. Ovary completely ı-celled. Stipules large. — Species 3. West Africa. Magnistipula Engl. Receptacle without a scale-like appendage. Stipules small. . . . 31 31. Ovary completely 1-ceiled. Fertile stamens 3—10. Fruit 1-seeded. — Species 3. East Africa and Madagascar . . .. . Hirtella L. Ovary completely or incompletely 2-celled. Fertile stamens 10—20. Fruit usually 2-seeded. — Species 25. Tropical and South Africa. Some of them yield timber, tanners’ bark, medicaments, and edible fruits, from which also oil, glue, and an inebriating drink are prepared. (Parinarı AubBhoufPlateses)eson Berube Gona-nellow alt. ok Parinarium Juss. FAMILY 104. CONNARACEAE. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, pinnate, but sometimes with 3 leaflets only, exstipulate. Flowers in fascicles racemes or panicles, regular, herm- aphrodite or polygamous. Calyx 5-cleft or 5-parted. Petals 5, free, rarely slightly united, imbricate in the bud. Stamens 5—10, free or united at the base. Carpels I—-5, free, superior. Ovules 2 to each carpel, erect or ascending, straight. Ripe carpels dry, dehiscing by a longitudinal slit, rarely indehiscent, usuallv solitary. Seeds with an aril often adnate to the testa. — Genera 12, species 140. Tropical and South Africa. (Plate 66.) I. Sepals imbricate in the bud. Seeds exalbuminous. [Tribe CON- NAREAB: ...%. .. adc Att WOES, Ss ne Sepals valvate in the bud. Weld, albuntliriiee: ke Io. Carpels 5. FRribeENESTIDEAELT te riss pas: 2708 2. Ripe carpel indehiscent, nearly RER 2- Alakatı Er wi a large, adnate aril. Calyx hardened in fruit. Petals greatly exceeding the sepals. Stamens 10, very unequal, surrounded by a disc. Carpel 1. Flowers in clusters, springing from the old wood. — Species 3. Equa- torial West Africa (Gaboon). (Anthagathis Harms). Jollydora Pierre Ripe carpel (or carpels) dehiscing lengthwise, usually I-seeded. . . 3 3. Fruit-carpels narrowed at the base into a distinct stalk. Seeds attached to the ventral suture, with a free aril. Calyx not enlarged in fruit. — Species 18. Central Africa. Some are used medicinally. (Plate 66.) Connarus L Fruit-carpels not stalked. Seeds attached at their base. Carpels (at the tame OL flowering) ghee). LENO OLS EBT od 244 Un 6. 107 II: IO4. CONNARACEAE . Calyx scarcely or not enlarged in fruit, small, usually flaccid 5 Calyx conspicuously enlarged and hardened in fruit, leathery to woody Stamens Io. Carpels 5 6 . Leaves trifoliolate. — Species 25. Tropics. EEE are ee N > Agelaea Sol. Leaves pinnate, with several pairs of leaflets. Stamens ro. Carpels 5. Styles 2-cleft at the apex. Calyx persistent. — Species 7. Tropics. Some are poisonous. (Under Rourea Aubl.) Byrsocarpus Schum. & Thonn. Calyx tightly clasping the fruit, herbaceous at the time of flowering. Styles short ; stigmas capitate. Seeds with very convex cotyledons. — Species 40. Tropics. Some are poisonous or used in medicine. Rourea Aubl. Calyx not clasping the fruit. Stamens very unequal. Styleslong . 7 . Stem twining. Inflorescence paniculate. Calyx leathery at the time of flowering. Seeds with flat cotyledons. — Species 2. Equatorial ‘West ‘Aiiricad rng „des other Seah eian in? om dur bls: Paxia Gilg Stem erect. Inflorescence racemose-fasciculate. Anther-halves distant from one another, the pollen-sacs placed crosswise. — Species 1. Equa- torial. West’ Africa. (faundea Gilg). . 2 2. - Yaundea Gilg . (1.) Ripe carpel indehiscent, not stalked, with a crusty pericarp. Seeds enveloped by a thin aril. Carpelı. Stamens 5—7, alternating with as many glands. Calyx deeply divided, persistent, but not enlarged in fruit. Low trees. Leaves unifoliolate. Flowers in clusters. — Species 2. West Africa. . . . . . Hemandradenia Stapf Ripe carpel (or carpels) adbiedia Be eraaıta Sy TAT . Receptacle prolonged into a stalk-like androphore. Sepalsred, free. Petals yellow, clawed, with 2 glands above the claw. Styles long. Erect shrubs. — Species 1. Northern West Africa (Liberia). Dinklagea Gilg Receptacle not prolonged. Petals without Er Mostlv climbing shrubs Je 7% . .LAAHAAK a Sepals united to the ae; diate Angie Petals linear, four times as long as the calyx, rolled inwards at the tip. Stamens very unequal. Styles long; stigmas lobed.—Species6. West Africa. Spiropetalum Gilg Sepals free or nearly so. Petals not more than twice as long as the calyx. Styles short ; stigmas capitate » We - oes Fruit-carpels ala on the inside, short: hhainad on jee outside, pro- longed into a stalk at the base. Seeds without a distinct aril, but with a fleshy testa. Embryo long and narrow. Petals longer than the calyx. — Species 10. West Africa. . . abs. Manotes Sol. Fruit-carpels covered with long stiff hairs on ih inside and usually also on the outside. Seeds with a very small adnate aril at the base. Petals as long as or shorter or somewhat longer than the calyx. Stamens subequal. — Species 30. Tropical and South Africa. Some are used TICULAR ent 2%, ee ae Cnestis Juss. —— I05. LEGUMINOSAE 245 FAMILY 105. LEGUMINOSAE Leaves usually compound and stipulate. Anthers 2-celled. Ovary superior, 1-celled. Ovules inserted at the ventral suture. Style simple, but sometimes with a tooth near the apex. Stigma entire. Fruit I-, 2-, or transversely several-celled, opening in two valves or along the ventral suture, or separating transversely in two or more joints, or indehiscent. — Genera 261, species 3300 (FABACEAE, including PAPILIONACEAE, CAESALPINIACEAE and MIMOSACEAE.) (Plate 67.) I. Petals valvate in bud. Flowers regular. Leaves twice pinnate, rarely (Acacia) reduced to the broadened stalk. [Subfamily MIMOSOIDEAE. | 2 Petals imbricate in bud or wanting. Flowers more or less irregular (some- times nearly regular.) . . 128 2. Calyx with imbricate nn Undsuad ER iia PARKIEAE], 3 Calyx with valvate aestivation. . . 4 3. Flowers in long spikes, yellowish. Fertile Te 5, a ones IO—I5. — Species 3. West Africa. They yield timber, oil, and edible seeds (oyala-seeds) . . ._. he. Pentaclethra Benth. Flowers in globular or club- a Den Fertile stamens 10. — Species 7. Tropics. They yield timber, tanners’ bark, vegetables, medica- ments, edible fruits, from which a drink is prepared, and oily seeds, which are also used as a condiment,a substitute for coffee, a fish-poison, and for improving bad water... sie pees ORI ce Br. 4. Stamens as many or twice as many as the petals : fears cary Stamens more than twice as many as the petals. Trees or Snake a 28 5. Anthers without glands. [Tribe MIMOSEAE.]. . . 6 Anthers crowned, at least in the bud, by a sometimes near atta: Stamens ‘Toys... 9 6. Fruit dehiscing by two ee an le hoch he! peters Sun Petals united below . . . 907 Fruit dehiscing by two valves ale ot iat separate Pee the N or indehiscent . 8 7. Fruit and seeds slightly 4- ‘analed: the lends anki Petals ed My amens 8—10. Herbs or undershrubs. Flowers in heads. — Species 1. West Ania... = ed ane Aaııla : Sehranckia Willd. Fruit and seeds flat. — Species 20. estes to Egypt, one species naturalized. Some yield timber or medicaments or serve as ornamental matte). i. up Mimosa L. 8. Fruit broadly u Seeds place. farisvetselly. Petals free, white. Stamens 10. Ovary stalked. Unarmed shrubs or trees. Flowers in heads. — Species I (L. glauca Benth.). Naturalized in the Tropics. It yields timber, fodder, edible fruits, ornamental seeds, and medicaments. Leucaena Benth. Fruit narrowly linear. Seeds placed obliquely or longitudinally. — Species 7. One of them naturalized in the Tropics, the others natives of Mada- gascar. Seeds used as ornament. (Acuan Medik.) Desmanthus Willd. 240 IR: I2. 14. 15. 16. 18. I05. LEGUMINOSAE . Seeds albuminous. [Tribe ADENANTHEREAE.]. . . . . . 10 Seeds exalbumimous,....[Tribe PIPTADENIBAE.] .;,.. 4.1.02, 110 1000.00 . Flowers in heads aa sure Jake te beten eatin 2 ee Flowers in spikes or racemes . . BER Arti 12 Flowers partly (the upper) Loki partly (the PR en or neuter. Ovary stalked. Ovules numerous. Fruit obliquely-oblong, opening by two valves. Herbs or undershrubs. Stipules membranous, cordate. — Species I. Tropics. Used as a vegetable. Neptunia Lour. Flowers all hermaphrodite. Ovary sessile. Ovules 1—2. Fruit sickle- shaped, indehiscent. Shrubs. Stipules spinous, recurved. — Species zanlSauth Africa; o.uniyan seit. Xerocladia Harv. Flowers partly (the upper) haihnepnreies and yellow, partly (the lower) neuter and white or red. Fruit not winged. Shrubs or trees. — Species 12. Tropical and South Africa. Some species yield ebony-like wood and medicaments. (Cazlliea Guill. & Perr.) Diehrostachys DC. Flowers partly hermaphrodite, partly male or female, or all hermaphrodite ; no teutemmowers: Trees. una ran [Abe (OK . Fruit winged or distinctly 4-angled, transversely septate, ads I4 Fruit neither winged nor distinctly 4-angled 2° .. 2 2 MP) N 2776 Fruit 2-winged. Ovary stalked. Flowers sessile. — Species 1. Mada- gascar and Mauritius . . Kg Gagnebina DC. Fruit 4-winged or 4-angled. Guy ARE or Et so. Flowers stalked. I5 Fruit 4-winged. — Species 3. Central Africa. They yield timber, a substitute for soap, poison, and medicaments. . Tetrapleura Benth. Fruit 4-angled. Leaves with 4—5 pairs of pinnae.—Species I. Central rn Re . . . . . Amblygonocarpus Harms Fruit distinctly com In LWO valyes., .. ies ints 06 0072. ie EZ Bruit. indehiscent... ı owe , S94 a . Seeds few, very flat, winged, with a fone 1 ah — Be 3. Equa- torial West Africa . . . . . Newtonia Baill. Seeds numerous, thick, red. were numerous. — Species I (A. pavo- mina L.). Naturalized in the tropics. It yields timber, gum, dyes, medicaments, and edible oily seeds, which are also used as ornaments. Adenanthera L. Calyx large, tube- or urn-shaped, with ovate, acute teeth. Stamens inserted at the base of the petals. Leaves with one pair of pinnae and several pairs of very large oblong leaflets. Spikes arranged in panicles. — Species 1. Equatorial West Africa (Cameroons). Yields timber and medicaments. . . . . . Calpocalyx Harms Calyx small, bell-shaped, with ste Se Stamens free. Leaves with 2—5 pairs of pinnae and small or rather small leaflets. — Species 3. North and Central Africa. They yield timber and edible fruits. (In- cluding Anonychium Benth.) ... «+ +» « «~~ Prosopis L. 19. 20. 2I. 22. 33. 24. 25. 26. 105. LEGUMINOSAE 247 (9.) Flowers in heads. Ovary sessile, with many ovules. Fruit trans- versely septate. Trees. — Species 5. Tropics. They yield timber and a substitute for soap. (Under Parkia R.Br.) Xylia Benth. Blowersin spikes orracemes. Shrubs or trees.) gi: = 408 0, | 20 De Ehe mia aj! OF memenarcralionistalsediin ad nis et at u 23 Calyx saucer-shaped, cleft to the middle. Petals free. Disc cupular, thick. Fruit large, elliptical, I-celled. Seeds winged, with a long funicle. Trees. Leaves with I—2pairs of pinnae. Spikes panicled. — Species 1. Equatorial West Africa. Yields timber. Fillaeopsis Harms Calyx bell-shaped, shortly toothed. Disc inconspicuous or wanting . 22 Petals obviously united below. Fruit I-celled, opening in two valves. — Species 13. cl ae to et Bay. Some species yield ebony-like sree a | : . . . . Piptadenia Benth. Petals free or nearly so. Fruit with thick, persistent sutures, the valves splitting transversely into one-seeded joints. Endocarp separating from the exocarp and persisting round the seeds. Shrubs. — Species 10. Tropical and South Africa. Some species (especially E. scandens L. with fruits attaining a yard in length) yield soap-bark, fibre, vegetables, fish-poison, and edible oily seeds which are also used in medicine and as ornaments. (Gigalobium P.Br., Pusaetha L.) . . Entada Adans. Disc cupular, thin. Ovary stalked. Seeds winged. Trees. Leaves with one pair of pinnae. Flowers with a very short stalk. — Species I. Equatorial West Africa. Yields timber. (Including Cyrtoxzphus Harms) Cylieodiseus Harms Disc inconspicuous or wanting. Ovary sessile or nearly so. Shrubs. Menveswitla-—rarpalrs Or pinnae: 26 ae NO a ke 24 Calyx-teeth more or less unequal. Buds oblique. Fruit woody, trans- versely septate, opening in two valves. Leaves with 3—6 pairs of pinnae. — Species 1. German East Africa... . . Pseudoprosopis Harms Calyx-teeth equal. Fruit leathery, with persistent sutures, the endocarp separating from the exocarp. Leaves with 6—12 pairs of pinnae. — Species 5. South Africa and southern Central Africa. They yield fish-poison and are used in medicine. . Elephantorrhiza Benth. (4.) Filaments free or the inner united into a ring. Petals white or yellow — Species 80. They yield timber, fibre, soap-bark, gum (especially from A. Senegal Willd., Verek), tanning and dyeing materials, perfumes, oil, and medicaments ; some are used as ornamental plants. (Including Vachellia Arn.) [Tribe ACACIEAE.] te yy + ACACIA Willd. Filaments united into a tube, at least at the base. Petals white or red. Flowers in heads. Unarmed plants. [Tribe INGEAE.] . . . 26 Fruit strongly curved or coiled, thick, leathery, separating into one-seeded joints or indehiscent. Petals united beyond the middle. Trees. — 248 27. 28. 29. 30. 37% 32. 33- I05. LEGUMINOSAE Species 3. Tropics; one species naturalized. They yield timber, gum, tanning and dyeing materials, edible fruits, and medicaments. Pithecolobium Mart. Fruit straight or nearly so. . . Oa Fruit dehiscing elastically. Petals EN to ah middle, “Shrubs, en Species 5. Tropics. They yield timber, gum, and medicaments, and are used also as ornamental plants. . 20.200... Calliandra Bentl:. Fruit dehiscing in two straight and thin, not elastic valves, or indehiscent. Petals united to the middle or beyond. — Species 45. Tropical and South-east Africa ; several species also cultivated in Egypt. Some species (especially A. Lebbek Benth.) vield timber, tanners’ bark, gum, condiments, and medicaments, or serve as ornamental plants. (In- mudine Zyeia Benth.) oy wii ser beuak oe ne Albizzia Durazz. (1.) Petals r—6, the posterior one (the one next the placenta) inside of all in the bud, not forming a papilionaceous corolla, or wanting altogether. Embryo usually with a ileus radicle. [Subfamily CAESALPINIOI- DEAE: | 7.200. 7 «| ee Petals 5, the posterior Bude in He ae ee a Bd corolla. Sepals united below. Stamens 10, more rarely 5—9. Embryo usually with an inflexed radicle. Leaves simple, unifoliolate, digitate, or once pinnate. [Subfamily PAPILIONATAE.| . . . . . 104 Calyx undivided or shortly lobed in the bud, usually more deeply divided at the time of flowering . . . 7430 Calyx, already in the bud, divided ER u u Bed: or FR 52. BAG Stamens I—Io. Corolla of 5 petals, nearly regular. Trees or shrubs. 31 Stamens 16 or more. Corolla of 6 petals, or of a single petal, or wanting. Calyx undivided in bud. Leaves imparipinnate or unifoliolate. Trees. [Dobe SWARTZ THAR Wn Wales, +. 1% ; . ee Leaves undivided, 2-lobed, 2-parted, or of 2 leaflets. Tribe BAUHI- N Dial RP a eee EEE Leaves pinnate, with many ae Pe EN „lg Ovary and fruit with a very long stalk, the fruit bed Ovules few. Style short. Stamens 10. Petals red. Calyx 5-lobed, imbricate in bud. Climbing shrubs. Leaves undivided, penninerved or faintly trinerved. — Species 3. West Africa. (Bandetraea Welw.) Griffonia Baill. Ovary and fruit with a short or rather short stalk, the fruit not turgid. 33 Receptacle (calyx-tube) very long. Petals yellowish. Stamens Io, partly sterile. Leaves undivided, ovate or elliptical. Racemes many-flowered. — Species I. Madagascar. (Under Bauhinia L.). . Gigasiphon Drake Receptacle (calyx-tube) not very long. — Species 40. Tropical and South Africa, and Egypt. Some species yield timber, fibre, tanning and dyeing materials, edible roots, oily seeds, and medicaments, or serve as ornamental plants. (Plate 67.) . . . . Bauhinia L. EE 35: 37: 38. 39. medicaments, and serve also as garden- or hedge-plants. 105. LEGUMINOSAE 249 . Leaves once pinnate, with a terminal leaflet. Calyx campanulate, subequally 5-lobed. Petals subequal, white or red. Ovules numerous Fruit opening by two valves. Shrubs. Flowers solitary or in racemes. — Species 8. Madagascar and East Africa. . . . . Cadia Forsk. Leaves twice pinnate. [Tribe DIMORPHANDREAE.] . . . . 35 Ovary sessile or nearly so. Ovules 2. Style very short. Fruit with a thin, leathery rind, indehiscent. Seeds suborbicular. Flowers in spikes. -- Species 2. Central Africa to Transvaal. They yield gum it, Zw 'U Burkea Hook. Ovary stalked. ea more then 2. Rose with a thick, leathery rind. Flowers in racemes. Trees. aes 36 . Calyx-lobes unequal. Petals with a long es ae itd a Ber connective. Style long. Fruit long, wavy, indehiscent. Leaflets small. —- Species 1. Madagascar and Seychelles. Brandzeia Baill. Calyx-lobes subequal. Stamens with a glandless connective. Style short. Fruit oblong, dehiscing by two valves. Seeds oblong. Leaflets large. — Species 5. Tropics. They yield timber, tanning and dyeing materials, medicaments, and poisons especially used in ordeals. ‘“* Sassy Bear rerllaea Guill. & “Perr ) soln. oe! . Erythrophioeum Afz. (30.) Corolla of 6 petals, almost regular. Stamens 16—18. Ovary sessile. Ovules 2. Leaves unifoliolate. — Species 2. West Africa to the Great Lakes. They yield timber. . . . . . Baphiopsis Benth. Corolla reduced to a single petal or wanting. a stalked. Ovules more than 2. Leaves pinnate. ne a eg ERO Receptacle (calyx-tube) very short, almost une Beate I. Fruit linear. — Species 2. Tropics. Yielding timber. (Younatea Aubl.). Swartzia Schreb. Receptacle bell-shaped. Petals none. Fruit ovate. — Species I (C. africana Lour.). Central Africa. Yields timber, gum, edible fruits, and medicaments. wie UNSER Cordyla Lour. (29.) Leaves, at least some of ie. ice pinnate. [Tribe CAESAL- BUN AR ath let PApa ae VECO LS METER 2 ELA Leaves all once pinnate, rarely saint Bie eve Ae AP! 152 . Common petiole very short, ending in a spine ; a en the pinnae very long, flattened, leaf-like ; leaflets very small. Stipules spinous. Trees or shrubs. Calyx imbricate in bud. Petals 5, subequal, yellow. Stamens 10. Ovules numerous. Fruit linear, tardily dehiscing or indehiscent. Seeds oblong, placed lengthwise, albuminous. — Species 2 one of them a native of South Africa, the other naturalized in the tropics They yield timber, bast for paper-making, a substitute for coffee, and Parkinsonia L. Common petiole distinctly developed ; rachis of the pinnae not leaf-like. 41 41. Stem herbaceous or woody at the base only. Petals 5, subequal, yellow. Stamens Io. Ovules numerous. Fruit dehiscing by two valves, 250 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 48. 49. 105. LEGUMINOSAE membranous or thin-leathery. Seeds transverse, ovoid, exalbuminous. — Species 3. South Africa and southern Central Africa (Melano- SHC AIGA ie. oe . . . Hoffmannseggia Cav. Stem woody throughout, a or ak u AT sit? ee Flowers sessile, in elongate panicled spikes. Calyx rity with semiorbi- cular lobes. Petals 5, equal, oblong, much exceeding the calyx. Stamens 10, unequal. Anthers basifixed. Ovules 2—3. Trees. — Species I. West: Africa (Cameroons). 7.217. ww." . Stachyothyrsus Harms Flowers more or less stalked, in racemes or panicles. . . va Flowers polygamous. Calyx slightly imbricate in bud. Petals 35) subequal, white or greenish. Stamens 6—10. Seeds transverse, albu- minous. Trees. Leaves without stipules. — Species 2, one a native of Central Africa, the other naturalized in North Africa. Used as hedge- plants and yielding timber. WS BRITE. | Ty 209% Gleditschia L Flowers hermaphrodite. Stamens 0. . . . „u i ae Petal I, greenish-yellow. Calyx valvate in bud. Geile very numerous. Styles long. Trees. — Species I. Madagascar. . . Aprevalia Baill. Peak gt) I ae Filet a2 zu a Din et . U0 = Sepals united high up, excepting one, valvate in Bid: Petals unequal, red. Ovules numerous. Fruit straight, turgid, dehiscing by two valves. Seeds transverse. Trees. Bracts coloured. — Species I. Madagascar. Used as an ornamental plant. . . . Colvillea Boj. Sepals free above the receptacle . . . ee Sepals valvate in bud. Petals yellow or ee Ovules numerous. Style thread-shaped. Fruit dehiscing by two valves. Seeds transverse, oblong, albuminous. Trees. Stipules indistinct. Flowers large. — Species 3. Tropics: also cultivated in various regions. Ornamental plants. “Flame-tree.” . . mie Poineiana L. Sepals imbricate in bud. Seeds PR NR Al) be 5 2 A ME . Ovule 1, very rarely ovules 2. Seed 1, placed ee Fruit winged at the top, indehiscent. Petals subequal, white or yellow. Spinous climbing shrubs. Flowers small. — Species 1. Abyssinia. (Cantuffa Gmel.). Ley erm eT TLC ERY Mm i Ovules 2 or. more. Seeds placed transversely. . . . . . 2102.48 Fruit woody, not winged, 2-seeded, opening by two valves. Ovary short- stalked, 2-ovuled. Stigma peltate. Stamens hairy at the base. Petals unequal. Receptacle oblique. — Species 2. German East Africa. (Under Pelfophorum Vog,.). ius 5 hein ats ns os 2 ap Bussen Elana Fruit .membrangus or, leathery... ns ss ihe) ur + beaut Kunden A Fruit winged at both sutures, indehiscent. Stigma broad-peltate. Fila- ments hairy at the base. Petals subequal, yellow. Trees. — Species I. Central Africa and northern South Africa... . . Peltophorum Vog. Fruit winged at one suture only or not winged. Stigma small, sometimes CORGAIVE rin ee Sanfonebs siz. «ape 50. 51. 52. 53- 54. 55- 56. IO5. LEGUMINOSAE 25I Fruit winged, indehiscent. Receptacle (calyx-tube) very obiique. Petals subequal, yellow. Stamens bent downwards. — Species 5. West Africa and Madagascar . . ah, Mezoneurum Desf. Fruit not winged. Receptacle an very le Sslken a, Fruit membranous, lanceolate, dehiscing in the middle af ee valves. Seeds oblong. Sepals subequal. Petals oblong, subequal, yellow. Stamens erect, hairy at the base. Ovary short-stalked. Ovules 2—3. Trees. — Species 1 (H. campecheanum L.). Cultivated in the tropics. Yields timber (log-wood), dyes, gum, and medicaments, and serves also as a garden- and hedge-plant wir: LT: Haematoxylon L. Fruit leathery, dehiscing at the sutures or indehiscent. Seeds ovoid or globose. Petals yellow or red. Stamens bent downwards. Ovules few. — Species 10, of which 7 are natives of tropical and South Africa, 3 naturalized there as well as in Egypt and Madeira. They yield timber, tanning and dyeing materials, oily seeds, and medicaments, and are also used as garden- and hedge-plants. (Including Guilandina L.). Caesalpinia L. (39.) Anthers attached by the base or nearly so, rarely by the back, and then opening by apical pores. Seeds en albuminous. [Tribe SFASSIENF. |... .. ae ar Anthers distinctly stacked Re the pack: cane by Toner slits. Seeds usually exalbuminous. Treesorshrubs. . . . . . . 58 Petals 1—2 or 0. Ovules 2—3. Fruit indehiscent, 1-2-seeded. Trees. Leaves unequally 2 ee vere Ce Pen reed RE Petals3—5 .. . cus AA he bee Stamens 2—3. — Eh 10. Mropies They ‘yea Aalen and edible fruits from which an intoxicating drink is prepared. . Dialium L. Stamens 8--ı0. Petals none. — Species 1. East Africa. Yields timber. Andradia Sim Petals 3, narrow, yellow. Fertile stamens 2; anthers opening by a ter- minal pore. Staminodes 3, petaloid. Ovules 4—5. Trees. Leaves unequally pinnate. — Species I. Equatorial West Africa. Yields timber. geet are ts . . . . . . . Distemonanthus Benth. Petals 5. Stamens roe Eats Wee 50 Sepals 4. Petals unequal, red. giinicas lass some ‚of heit with cohering anthers. Ovules 2. Fruit 4-winged. Leaves unequally pinnate. — Species I. Equatorial West Africa. (Oligostemon Benth.) Duparquetia Baill. Sepals >.. Leaves.equally pinnate or simple. . PUR Uitte 57 . Leaves simple, undivided. Stamens 10. Filaments thickened above. Anthers opening below the top. Ovules few. Fruit fleshy, with transverse partitions. Trees. — Species 2. Madagascar. Baudouinia Baill. Leaves pinnate. — Species 40. They yield timber, gum, tanning and dyeing materials, fish-poison, medicaments (especially senna-leaves), 58. 60. 61. 62. ‘63. 64. 65. 66. I05. LEGUMINOSAE fodder, vegetables, edible fruits, and a substitute for coffee ; several species are used as ornamental plants. PIG APO, Cassia L. (52.) Ovules 2, rarely 3 or 1, occasionally in some flowers 4. Ovary or its stalk usually free at the base of the receptacle, more rarely adnate tot: Tribe CYNOMETREAE.]. 00+ „Wim eee Ovules 4 or more, occasionally in some flowers only 3. Ovary or its stalk usually adnate to the receptacle by the back. Leaves pinnate. [Tribe AMBERSTIBAR) .; . SON TRONAD SS „In, Pegi) nee ge ee ne ge ee ate ge | 22) . . Pa EEE BR eh eee Sepals 6, very small ang unequal. Stamens 6. Ovary sessile. Shrubs. Leaves pinnate. Bracteoles large. —Species 1. Southern West Africa SED Dee oR aa RR ioe eer Poel ee Dewindtia De Wild. Sepals 4—5. Stamens 8—ıIo or 4. Trees. Leaves abruptly pinnate. Bractenles small or wanting, - 2 2 ,* +» s |. ———_—_—— Sepals 5, distinctly imbricate in bud. Stamens 10. Ovary sessile. Stigma acute. Bracteoles present. — Species 2. West Africa (Cameroons). They yield timber. (Under Coparba Mill. or Hardwickia Roxb.) Oxystigma Harms Sao id Ais : : Stamens 4, inserted on the aca of a Se ‘like ee cleft on one side. Sepals imbricate in bud. Ovary nearly sessile. Bracteoles present. — Species I. West Africa (Cameroons). . . . Stemonocoleus Harms Bramens 8100. 2.0.02 LPR OR Ee SS, UE re Ovary sessile. Fruit sessile, drupe-like, indehiscent. Bracteoles present. — Species 3. Central Africa. They yield timber, fragrant resin, arrow-poison, and medicaments. The fruits of one species are edible, of another poisonous. “ Dattock.” . . «+ Detarium Juss Ovary stalked. Fruit stalked, oblique, ait a leathery rind, dehiscing by two valves. Bracteoles none. — Species 9. Central Africa. They yield timber, a resin (copal) used for making ornaments lacs and varnishes, dye stuffs, medicaments, and edible seeds. (Coparba Mill.) Copaifera L. Petals 1—2. Bracteoles large. Trees. Leaves pinnate. . . . 65 Betalsisa Yan iy col ap ES oS Wiwo . {RR Stamens 3. Sepals 4, small, scale-like. Petals 1, orbicular. — Species 10. GantwalnAiiica, 8. ww Ra... Cryptosepalumr Denen Stamens ae ren ON lerne Ae oe liarına. N RUE Sepals reduced to minute teeth or ae Leaves with a single pair of leaflets. — Species 1. Equatorial West Africa. . Aphanocalyx Oliv. Sepals 5, three of them very small, the other two larger and connate. Petal1,spatulate. Filaments united at the base, excepting one. Leaves with many pairs of leaflets. — Species 2. West Africa. Monopetalanthus Harms 67. 68. 69. 70. IT, 72. 74. 75: 76. 77- 105. LEGUMINOSAE 253 Fertile stamens 3. Ovules 3. Bracteoles large. Trees. — Species 20. Central Africa. Some species yield timber. (Vowapa Aubl.) Macrolobium Schreb. Fertile stamens 10, rarely (Cynometra) more. hee rer OG Besser unequal), „Leaves pinnate, „ar. une oye reee. apieauece 69 Petals equal or nearlyequal. . . . . en Corolla of ı large and 4 very small petals. Becentacke Act cup-shaped. Bracteoles minute. Leaves with I—2 pairs of leaflets. — Species 1. Equatorial West Africa. . . RER Perea Eurypetalum Harms Corolla of 3 large ard 2 small ta er NER ee ke: VO Bracteoles petal-like. Receptacle cup- or en AT: — Species 4. West Africa. (Under CynometraL.) „ . . Hymenostegia Harms Bracteolss sepal-like, hairy outside, equalling the bracts. Receptacle fvnnel-shaped. Sepals 4. Shrubs. Leaves with 3—4 pairs of Jeaflets.. — Species I. West Africa . . a Map: Loesenera Harms Sepals 5, very unequal, the lowest very tiers, Receptacle very short Trees. Leaves pinnate. — Species 1. Madagascer. Cymbosepalum Bak. Sepals 4—5, equal or nearlyequal. . . . GS LL Receptacle (calyx-tube) long and narrow. Sine 4. Stalk of the ovary iver veagnate to tie recepragice “es EEE 5 0 9 Receptacle short ard usually broad . . . 1 Benth), BAROSE . Bracteoies large, petaloid, enclosing the bud. er with a thick disc on one side. Shrubs. Leaves pinnate, with 2—4 leaflets. — Species 1. West Africa (Cameroons.) . . . Plagiosiphon Harms Bracteoles small, not enclosing the bud, or wanting. Leaves simple SemiGtiaveeNicl ilaity leanete . 200000 tee ee ee ee FG Leaves simple. Shrubs. — Species 2. West Africa (Cameroons). Zenkerella Taub. Leaves abruptly pinnate. Trees. — Species 1. West Africa (Cameroons). The bark is used as a condiment. . .... Seorodophloeus Harms Ovule 1. Stalk of the ovary obliquely adnate to the receptacle. Sepals 4.. Trees. Leaves simple. — Species 1. East Africa. Podogynium Taub. Orrules 2, rarely 3.. Leaves abruptly,pinnate . 9. 2. sets. 76 Filaments united into a ring at the base, unequal, hairy. Sepals5. Ovary glandular. Trees. Leaves with 3—6 pairs of leaflets. Flowers in terminal, many-flowered racemes. — Species 1. East Africa. Stuhlmannia Taub. Bee tree. > Bracteoles none . uw a. 0m nee 57 Flowers in panicles. Sepals short. Petals white. Filaments hairy at the base. Fruit flat, lanceolate, opening by two valves. Trees. — Species I. South Africa (Cape Colony). Yields timber. Umtiza Sim Flowers in racemes or corymbs. Sepals usvallylong . . . . . 78 254 78. 79: "80. 81. 83. 84. 105. LEGUMINOSAE Flowers in terminal, few-flowered corymbs. Filaments hairy at the base. Fruit flat, ovate, beaked, opening by two valves. Low, glandular shrubs. — Species 1. East Africa (Somaliland). The seeds ar: edible. Cordeauxia Hemsl. Flowers in racemes springing from the axils of the leaves or from the old 2! ct Se ee ies ae 8) Fruit lanceolate, flat, pirstiny in the middle of the es but remaining closed at the sutures. Sepals 5. Corolla yellow. Filaments erect, hairy at the base. Stalk of the ovary free. Trees. (See 51.) Haematoxylon L. Fruit more or less ovate and turgid, opening in two valves. Filaments usually glabrous. — Species 20. West Africa and Madagascar. Some species yield timber and resin (copal). TE Cynometra L, (58.) Petals reduced to minute scales or wanting. Trees. . . . 81 Petals Wemmmeveroped (ARNIS... 6.) ts. Se Te See Br; Bracteoles large, enclosing the bud, persisting during the time of def Calyx consisting of I—5 scale-like sepals, or en by a Io-lobed disc, or wanting altogether . . 82 Bracteoles small, not enclosing the GHG, eattiiie off early Calyx are 4—5 well-developed sepals: . . . ME; . Disc fleshy. Petals 5, awl-shaped. REN! a Stipules oa con- Hate. = species A. West Attica. ae eu OS Didelotia Baill. Disc none. Stamens 10—20, more or less united at the base. Ovules few. Fruit oblong or linear, opening in two valves. Seeds exalbuminous. — Species 20. Central Africa. The seeds cf some species are eaten and the- bark is used as a substitute for cloth. (Under Didelotia Baill.) Brachystegia Benth. Sepals 5. Petals 0. Stamens 5. Disc expanded. Ovary in its centre, subsessile. Ovules numerous. Style very short; stigma peltate. Fruit linear, indehiscent. Seeds albuminous. Leaves equally pinnate. Flowers polygamous-dioecious. Bracteoles very small, deciduous. — Species I (C. Sıliqua L., carob-tree). North Africa. The fruits are edible, and used as fodder and for preparing brandy and medicaments ; the seeds serve as a substitute for coffee . . . . Ceratonia L. Sepals 4. Stamens 8—10. Discnotexpanded.... . . . . . 84 Petals 5, scale-like. Stamens 10. Leaves equally pinnate. Flowers in panicles. — Species 12. Central and South Africa. They yield timber, gum, and edible seeds from which meal is prepared. (Theodora Medik.) Schotia Jaqu. Poerais mone: 4 5 ET I oT) a . Stamens 8, alternatingly unequal. Ovary sessile. Ovules numerous. Leaves unequally pinnate. Flowers in compound racemes. Bracteoles linear. — Species 1. Equatorial West Africa (Gaboon). Hylodendron Taub. 86. 87. 88. 89. go. ol. 93- 94- 105. LEGUMINOSAE 255 Stamens Io, rarely 8, but then equal in length. Ovary short-stalked. Sener ame Seay eats ater Wee AD G6 Stamens unequal, 10. Fruit oblong, winged, indehiscent. Seeds pen- dulous. Leaves equally pinnate. Flowers in simple racemes. — Species 1. Madagascar L RP) Ay Apaloxylon Drake Stamens equal in length. Fruit Base: blaue to orbicular, dehiscing in two valves. Leaves unequally pinnate. — Species 5. Central Airica to Delagoa Bay. (Apalatoa Aubl.) HEN EMO Crudia Schreb. (80.) Well developed petal I ; sometimes 2—4 rudimentary petals in addition. Trees. . . u 88 Well developed petals 3—6. plähnge Arab pinn Hie. PER BE SV gs Petal sessile. Sepals 4. Leaves abruptly pinnate. NUMA ES (5, Bo Petal with a long claw. en BERN NS RRM A AIGA Sago Receptacle minute. Sepals scale-like. Petal orbicular. Stamens 3, short. Ovary with a short stalk. Ovules 4. Stigma truncate. Brac teoles large, enclosing the bud, persistent at flowering. (See 65.) Cryptosepalum Benth. Receptacle rather large, narrowly top-shaped. Sepals large, coloured. Petal oblong. Stamens 10, long. Ovary with a long stalk. Ovules numerous. Stigma capitate. Bracteoles falling off early. — Species 3. West Africa. They yield timber and an aromatic resin. Daniella Benn. N aes (RAPA AR AS RENE no OPM tee ree ae | 001 OF Fertile stamens 5—I0. . . RR Bracteoles enclosing the phil’ persists kt lower Petal folded together in the bud. Flowers small or middle-sized. (See 67.) Macrolobium Schreb Bracteoles shorter than the bud, falling off during the time of flowering. Receptacle elongated. Sepals 4. Fruit oblong. Flowers rather large. — Species I. Madagascar and neighbouring islands. It yields timber, edible seeds, and medicaments. (Under Afzelia Smith). Intsia Thouars . Fertile stamens 6—8. Sepals 4. Bracteoles shorter than the bud. Seed with an aril. — Species 4. Central Africa to Delagoa Bay. They yield timber ; the aril is edible, the seeds are poisonous and used medicinally. IE Es ap Iaisid Ehouarsye wet EEE , Afzelia Smith Fertile stamens 5 or 10. Sepals usually 5. Petal folded in bud, whitish. Bracteoles enclosing the bud. — Species 15. Central Africa. The wood and the bark are used, the latter for making cloth. Berlinia Soland. (87.) Sepals 6—7. Petals 6, subequal. Fertile stamens 6—8, barren ones 4—7. Trees. — Species 1. East Africa. . Englerodendron Harms et Ra Erg Sepals 5. Trees. BE ERBE RE TITPNIO DER ATE RN IS IR eae Se RE aa a a) qep79 MG Jo als SINR T „srg6 96. 97- 98. 99. IOO. IOI. 102. 103. 104. 105. LEGUMINOSAE 5. Petals more or less unequal, white or yellowish. Stamens 5 or 10. Fruit dehiscent. Bracteo:es enclosing the bud. (See 92.) Berlinia Soland. Petals subequal, red. Stamens 10. Fruit winged, indehiscent. Seeds pendulous. — Species 1. Madagascar - » +, | Bathiaea Drake Fertile stamens 3. Petals unequal, 3 of them larger than the other two. Ixess; . sabes $e Sn dione tig © homed ole Se Fertile stamens 10 or more. > veto ene Filaments united nearly half their Pert sup Petals het or red-striped. Fruit indehiscent. Leaves with many pairs of leaflets. Bracteoles narrow, falling off early. — Species 3. Tropics. They yield timber, tanning and dyeing materials, edible fruits from which drinks and medicaments are prepared, and oily seeds . . . Tamarindus L. Filaments free. Fruit dehiscent. Bracteoles large, enclosing the bud. CS yf) an - eee Macrolobium Schreb. Stamens numerous, Prine fi ae me Anthers linear. Petals subequal. Bracteoles enclosing the bud. Trees. — Species 1. West Africa. Polystemonanthus Harms Stamens, ta. ji... .. slonertiss cowertet Ark lay ieee Bracteoles large, ins ne pid. wre. io ips Bracteoles small, not enclosing the bud, falling off aay rte a Petals very unequal, 3 large, 2 very small. Filaments united at the base. Ovules numerous. Leaves with several pairs of leaflets. Flowers in panicles. — Species 3. West Africa. They yield timber and resin. (Under Daniela Benn.) : . Des ease Cyanothyrsus Harms Petals subequal. Ovules few. Shrubs. Leaves with 1—2 pairs of leaflets. Flowers in racemes. Bracteoles petaloid. (See 73.) Plagiosiphon Harms Filaments, excepting one, united high up. Petals pink, narrow; blade passing gradually into the claw. Sepals unequal, subvalvate in bud. Receptacle very short. Flowers in racemes or panicles. Leaflets 7—9, alternate. — Species 1. Equatorial West Africa. Tessmannia Harms Filaments free or united at the base. „ler rs his Petals sessile or nearly so, subequal, red. ER ea 2—16 pairs of leaflets. Flower in panicles. (See 84.) . . . . Sehotia Jacq. Petals with a long or rather long claw. Trees. iR TE Sepals slightly imbricate. Petals subequal. Filaments, ee one, united at the base. Leaves with 1—4 pairs of leaflets. Flowers large, in racemes. — Species 7. West Africa to the Great Lakes. Baikiaea Benth. — Sepals much imbricate. Petals white. Filaments free. Ovules few. Leaves with one pair of leaflets. Flowers in panicles. — Species 2. Tropics. They yield timber and resin (copal) which is used for turnery and carving and for making lacs and varnishes. (Under Hymenaea L.) Trachylobium Hayne (28.) Filaments free or nearly so. . Shrubs or trees. „| u fee Filaments, all or all excepting one, united into a tube or sheath. . 126 105. 106. 107. 108. 100, ETT. II2. 113} 105. LEGUMINOSAE 257 Stamens 4-5. Filaments very short. Anthers attached by the base, opening at the top; 2-3 of them united. Ovary 4-winged. Ovules 2. Stigma terminal. Calyx-lobes 4, unequal. Petals 5, shorter than the calyx, unequal, red. Leaves pinnate. (See 56.) Duparquetia Baill. Stamens 8—10. [Tribes SOPHOREAE and PODALYRIEAE] . . 106 Leaves simple and undivided or unifoliolate. Corolla papilionaceous. 107 Leaves pinnate or palmately trifoliolate . . . ls. rEg Calyx shortly toothed, not slit. Corolla whitish : ak of the keel slightly cohering. Ovules few. Shrubs with arched or climbing branches. Stipules ovate or lanceolate. Flowers in racemes or panicles. Bracteoles large, enclosing the flower, persistent. — Species I. West Africa. : ul Dalhousiea Grah. Calyx shortly ed but Gare as Me Ane expands, on one or both sides, or deeply clett. Bracteoles not ies the flower, rather large but deciduous, or small . . . . sin Seg Os Calyx shortly toothed, but deeply slit in one or = Corolla white or yellow ; petals of the keel free or nearly so. Ovules few. . . 109 Calyx subequally 4—5-cleft. Stipules awl-shaped or wanting . . IIo Anthers longer than the filaments. Ovary long-stalked. Calyx slit on one side. Corolla white : petals of the keel free. Fruit long-stalked, falcate-ovate, turgid. Seeds oblong, with a thick aril. Flowers in panicles. Bracteoles small. — Species 1. West Africa. Leucemphalus Benth. Anthers shorter than the filaments. Ovary nearly sessile. Fruit com- pressed. Seeds ovate or orbicular. — Species 50. Tropical and South- east Africa. Some of them yield timber (camwood), dye-stuffs, or edible fruits. (Including Bracteolaria Hochst.) . . . Baphia Afz. . Petals of the keel free. Flowers in a ae racemes. — Species I. Mvest Alkıca ”.))\. ae Ormosia Jacks. Petals of the keel ated lowers ieee or in 2—4-flowered fascicles. III Corolla yellow ; keel shortly beaked. Fruit compressed. Leaves sessile, without stipules. Flowers solitary. — Specics 10. South Africa. The leaves are used as a substitute for tea or as a medicament. Cyelopia Vent. Corolla red or reddish-white ; keel blunt. Ovary sessile. Fruit turgid. Leaves short-stalked, with deciduous stipules. Hairy plants. — Species Cite SOHtihrAkkica ~~ ** . . . Podalyria Lam. (106.) Leaves palmately ae ed ao gg Leaves pinnate FW] Be I SETS Petals subequal, yellow, nad Gt the ie vilted Ov ary ke or nearly so. Fruit oblong, not septate. Erect shrubs. Leaves sessile, leathery, exstipulate. Flowers solitary, axillary, with bracteoles. (See III.) Cyelopia Vent. Petals of the keel free. Ovary stalked. Fruit linear. Leaves stalked, stipulate. Flowers in racemes. ee Vide Ae. ee R 115. 116. 177. 118. TIO. 120% IO5. LEGUMINOSAE . Standard shorter than the wings. Petals yellow... Fruit septate between the seeds. Erect shrubs. Leaves herbaceous; stipules connate. Flowers without bracteoles. — Species 2. North Africa. Poisonous andumeadiamal fi. swe ee ea Anagyris L. Standard as long as or longer than the wings. Petals clawed, yellowish- white. Climbing shrubs. Leaves leathery. Flowers with small, de- ciduous bracteoles. — Species 3. West Africa. (Giganthemum Welw.) Camoénsia Welw. Corolla nearly regular; petals subequal . . . N a) Corolla papilionaceous ; petals conspicuously ul ee least one of them (the standard) very different from the others . . . . . 118 Petals entire. Anthers linear. Ovules more than 2. (See 34.) Cadia Forsk. Petals 2-lobed or 2-cleft. Anthers ovate. Ovules I—2. . . .117 Petals shortly lobed. Ovary short-stalked. Leaflets 9—11. Flowers in racemes. — Species 1. Northern East Africa (Somaliland). Dieraeopetalum Harms Petals deeply : left. Ovary long-stalked. Leaflets 13—19. Flowers in panicles. — Species 2. Equatorial West Africa (Gaboon). Amphimas Pierre Petals Of the Reel united: „ u" u, a pugs Di ee ee en Petals of the heel ree: 7 ys ety = oa ole on pce ce Petals long-clawed, red. Ovary sessile. Ovules few. Fruit com- pressed, not winged, leathery, dehiscing in two valves. Trees. Flowers in racemes. Bracteoles none. — Species 1. South Africa and St. Helena. Yields timber and is used as an ornamental plant. Virgilia Lam. Petals short- or not clawed, white yellow or violet. Ovary more or less distinctly stalked. Fruit tardily or not dehiscing. . . . . . 120 . Fruit compressed, winged at the upper suture, membranous. Calyx-lobes unequal. Petals yellow ; those of the keel curved. Flowers in racemes. Bracteoles none. — Species 9. South and Central Africa. Calpurnia E. Mey. Fruit terete or nearly so, constricted between the seeds, 4-winged or wingless, leathery woody or fleshy. — Species 6. Tropical and South- east Africa. They yield timber, dye-stuffs, and medicaments, and are also used as ornamental plants. FREE Bee): Sophora L. Standard broad-oblong or narrow-ovate, ae and auricled. Calyx very shortly toothed. Filaments slightly united at the base, excepting one, Ovary long-stalked, hairy. Style very short, almost straight. Ovules numerous. Trees. Flowers in panicles. — Species I. Mada- gas¢at,.:{Under Cadia Forsk.) . . . . Pseudocadia Harms Standard broad-ovate or orbicular. Ovary short-stalked or almost Sessile, .,- nal me le une er Re ae OLE ea I22. 12% 124. 125. 126. 127. 128. 129. 130. 105. LEGUMINOSAE 259 Calyx shortly toothed or entire. Stigma terminal. Fruit almost terete, constricted between the seeds. sO Es | ih BR ; Bay deepbr Clelt. Frit Hat." 2 © tae Stalk of the ovary obliquely adnate to the butted bavahienie (c calyx-tube). Standard suborbicular, slightly exceeding the other petals. Filaments free. Flowers in racemes arising from the old wood. — Species 5. Central Africa. ahs bee Angylocalyx Taub. Stalk of the ovary not dehräte to the (elaine Style curved at the apex. Flowers in terminal racemes or panicles. (See 120.) Sophora L. Ovule 1. Stigma terminal. Flowers in racemes. Leaflets 5-7. — Species I. East Africa. N . 20.0... Platycelephium Harms Ovules 2 or more. Leaflets 7—1 " De a) Dane AMP 5 Stigma terminal. Corolla blue. Flowers in racemes. Leaflets curved and pointed. — Species I. South Africa. . . Bolusanthus Harms Stigma lateral. Corolla red or green. Flowers in panicles. — Species 2 West Africa. They yield timber. . . . . -. Afrormosia Harms (104.) Filaments all, or the alternate ones, broadened at the apex. [Es- Pesci iripe aot EA alanis \A5NGiic. ewig aa Sowa 27 Filaments not broadened at the apex. . . OI DO D47 Filaments ara i.e., all united into a tube or salah at least when young. ‘ pleeyass a8 Filaments diadelphous, i.e., vical seta: a Sheti neh one, which is free from the others, at ee at the base, but sometimes connate with them in the middle or slightly cohering with them at the very base . 131 Leaves equally pinnate or reduced to the broadened stalk, usually ending in a tendril or bristle. Stipules large, leaf-like. Flowers solitary or in racemes, without bracteoles. Petals short-clawed. Anthers all alike. Ovary more or less distinctly stalked. Style-apex bearded on the inner face. Fruit opening by two valves. Herbs. — Species 35. North Africa and the mountains of the tropics. Severai species yield edible tubers or seeds, vegetables, fodder, medicaments, or perfumes : some are poisonous or used as ornamental plants. (Including Orobus L.) Lathyrus L. Leaves unequally pinnate, digitate, or unifoliolate. Style glabrous . 129 Leaflets minutely toothed, 1 or 3, very rarely more. Stipules adnate to the leaf-stalk. Flowers solitary or in racemes. Calyx-lobes long, subequal. Petals short-clawed Anthers usually of two kinds. Ovary more or less distinctly stalked. Fruit dehiscing by two valves. — Species 60. North Africa and on Some are used as vegetables or ii medicme. - ., eS, Ononis L. Leaflets entire. Stipules i or ae For ers in heads or umbels, sometimes almost solitary. Petals long-clawed. Anthers all alike. Fruit not or tardily dehiscing. : 130 Ovary sessile. Ovules 2. Fruit Mine Be EB ute ines shortly or not beaked, slightly 4-angled, spirally coiled. Silky herbs. 260 136. 105. LEGUMINOSAE Flowers in umbels, very small, reddish-yellow, without bracteoles. — Species Teauyesmias S.C oe RO Helminthocarpum A. Rich. Ovary more or less distinctly stalked. Fruit enclosed by the calyx or slightly protruding ; in the latter case beaked. Flowers in heads or nearly solitary. — Species 12. North Africa and Abyssinia. Some species (especially A. Vulneraria L.) are used as fodder-, dyeing-, medi- cinal-, or ornamental] plants. (Including Cornicina Boiss., Dorycnopsis Boiss., and Physanthyllis Boiss.) axe ae Anthyllis L. . (127.) Keel beaked. 2 ie ee Seay as Keel blunt or somewhat pointed . . . . . «hee . Ovary short-stalked. Ovules 2. Calyx dees BR a divided. Corolla yellow. Fruit spirally coiled, flat, margined, indehiscent. Herbs. Lowerniost leaves simple, with adnate stipules, upp2r pinnate, without stipules. Flowers in few-flowered heads. -- Species r. North Africa. (Circinus Medik.) . «6. : Hymenoearpos Savi Ovary sessile. Ovules more than two. we more or less unequally divided. Flowers solitary or in umbels . .. . sur lich Se . Leaves simple, undivided. Stipules adnate to the leatstalk. Upper calyx-teeth united high up. Petals long-clawed, yellow. Fruit spirally coiled, almost terete, ribbed. Herbs. — Species 5. North Africa and Abyssinia. „eea Ar Seorpiurus L. Leaves pinnate, Ne are ee ige Ki Mplrcume jointed! (se Ich ans Bl IR ee ON SER Fruit not jointed. Herbs or undershrubs. I, DENE BE Ee . Joints of the fruit and seeds curved. Fruit more or less flattened, with the upper edge notched at each seed. Corolla yellow. Leaves with 5 or more leaflets. — Species 9. North Africa. . . . Hippoerepis L. Joints of the fruit and seeds straight, oblong. Fruit not or slightly flattened. Leaves with 3 or more leaflets, stipulate. — Species 12. North Africa. Some species are poisonous or used as ornamental or el plants, NETT NIT BE Ss Coronilla L. Leaves with many leaflets. Stipules small, membranous. Corolla yellow. Fruit flat, slightly curved. Seeds quadrate. Glabrous herbs. — Species 1. North Africa. (Bonaveria Scop., Securidaca Gaertn.). Securigera DC. Leaves with 4—5 leaflets, of which the ı-—2 lowest have usually the appearance of stipules. Stipules very small or wanting. Keel gibbous on each Side." Seeds globular or lenticulans 2. „Zi, is swale ee . Fruit longitudinally 4-winged or 4-angled. — Species 5. North Africa. Used as fodder or as vegetables. (Under Lotus L.) Tetragonolobus Scop. Fruit neither 4-winged nor 4-angled. — Species 50. Some of them are used as vegetables, fodder, or ornamental plants. (Including Heine- kenia Webb, Lotea Medik., and Pedrosia Lowe). . . . . Lotus L. 138. 139. 140. I4f. 1412. 143. 144. 105. LEGUMINOSAE 261 (131.) Petals, at least the lower, adnate below to the staminal tube Standard oblong or ovate. Erect or prostrate herbs. Leaves pinnate or palmate ; leaflets 3—5, usually toothed. Stipules adnate to the leafstalk. Flowers solitary or in umbels, heads, or spikes. — Species 70. North and South Africa and mountains of Central Africa. Many of them are used as fodder or in medicine. “Clover ” . Trifolium L. Petals free from the staminal tube. Leaflets entire, rarely toothed, but then more than 5. Stipules usually free or wanting. . . a Leaves unifoliolate, stipellate ; stalk winged. Flowers in apices! Calyx- lobes unequal. Uppermost stamen free at the base, but united with the others in the middle. Ovary sessile. Ovules 3—4. — Species 4. Central Africa. (Under Desmodium Desv.) Droogmansia De Wild. Leaves pinnate, digitate, or reduced to the usually broadened stalk . 140 Leaves equally pinnate or reduced to the stalk. Leaflets entire. Stipules leaf-like. Flowers solitary or in racemes. Ovary more or less dis- tinctly stalked. Style-apex broadened and bearded. Fruit 2-valved. Seeds with an outgrowth near the hilum. Herbs or undershrubs. . I4I Leaves unequally pinnate or digitate. Ovary sessile or nearly so . 142 Style-apex laterally compressed with reflexed edges, hence grooved above. Corolla white or red ; wings adhering to the keel. Herbs with tendrils. Leaflets 2—6. — Species 3. North Africa, also cultivated in the tropics. They yield fodder and edible seeds (peas), from which also Starch ie prepared. . . . Pisum L. Style-apex compressed dorsally, il RS Lane Bent downwards or straight. (See 128.) smi ae heise F445 Sa Stem woody throughout. oe! unequally pinnate. Flowers in racemes or fascicles. Upper calyx-teeth united for the greatest part. Corolla red or violet ; wings slightly adhering to the keel; standard with a callus at the base. Fruit linear, flat. — Species 15. Tropical and South-east Africa. The seeds of some species are used as a fish- poison. : Alssiers Mundulea DC. Stem ete or ene at le Hi ae Ipelieaah url 143 Flowers in racemes. Calyx-teeth unequal. Corolla blue; standard suborbicular, with a callus and two auricles; keel somewhat longer than the wings and the standard. Uppermost stamen cohering with the others at the base. Style-apex bearded. Ovules 2. Twining under- shrubs. — Species I. Equatorial East Africa (Kilimandjaro). Spathionema Taub. Flowers solitary or in umbels or heads . . . Ly. ae EAN Leaflets toothed. Stipules leaf-like. Flowers De € orolla white or blue. Fruit ovate to oblong, turgid, 2-valved. — Species 2. North Africa and Abyssinia ; one species also cultivated in Angola. They yield edible seeds (chick-peas) and are used medicinally. Cieer L. Leaflets entire. Flowers in umbels or heads, rarely solitary, but then corolla yellow. "a Se Pe ee BE 3. 146. 147. 148. 149. 150. I5I. E53: 154. IO5. LEGUMINOSAE 5. Leaflets numerous. Leaf-stalk long. Flowers very small, in heads. or umbels. Keel nearly straight. Fruit jointed. — Species 6. North Africa and high mountains of Central Africa. Some are used as fodder. “ Birds-foot.” (Including Arthrolobium Desy.) . . . Ornithopus L. Leaflets 3—5, the lower usually stipule-like. Leaf-stalk short or BE RE Go |e fs betes ee OC Corolla yellow ; standaıd suborbicular, with a long claw. Fruit jointed. Undershrubs with long silky hairs. Stipules small. Flowers solitary or 2—3 together in the axils of the leaves. — Species I. North-west Africa (Algeria). (Ludovicia Coss.) . . . . . Hammatolobium Fenzl Corolla white or red; standard oblong or ovate, short-clawed ; wings coherent towards the apex, longitudinally folded or transversely gibbous ; keel gibbous on each side. Fruit continuous, terete, 2-valved. Stipules very small or wanting. — ne 6. North Africa. (Includ- me Bonijeaniä Reichb.J>’aT {2 20] . . . Doryenium Vill. (126.) Anthers of two kinds, five shorter and Fa hept by the back, the others longer and attached by the base, or the alternate ones rudi- ER rs | ee age ee ars, ae ao et Binthers all-alike Tr ee ee mk gl. =, ee Leaves digitate, unifoliolate, simple, or wanting. [Tribe GENISTEAE.] 149 Leaves pinnate, but sometimes with three leaflets . . . . . . 195 Uppermost stamen free or nearly so. “ae rn Uppermost stamen united with the others into a ae or sheatt . 2 Stem herbaceous or woody at the base only. Leaves stipulate.. . I5I Stem woody throughout. Leaves usually exstipulate BT . 154 Keel with a straight beak. Anthers bearded. Stigma (ieee Fruit linear. Leaves simple, sessile. Flowers in axillary racemes. — Species 2. Southern West Africa. (Under Indigofera L.. Rhynehotropis Harms Keel with a spirally twisted beak or without a beak. Anthers not bearded. Stigma terminal. Leaves unifoliolate or digitate ec: N. . Keel spirally beaked. Fruit oblong. Flowers opposite the leaves, solitary or 2—3 together. Bracteoles 2. — Species 2. South Africa to AIR te, ee a ieee . . . Bolusia Benth. Keel curved inwards, not pened Flower in axillary or terminal inflorescences. Bracteoles none sn |e EL Due ee ln N... Keel somewhat pointed. Ovules several. Fruit linear. ate digi- tate. Corolla reddish. — Species 1. East Africa. Parochetus Hamilt. Keel blunt. Ovule 1. Fruit ovate. Gland-dotted plants. — Species 60. Some are used as ornamental or medicinal plants. . . Psoralea L. Keel with a lateral gibbosity or spur. Anthers distinctly unequal. Leaves simple hoe „».J; 9 ee ae anos ak oad | oe Keel without a ee popentieee Anthers nearly equal . . . 156 155. 156. 157. 158. 159. 160. I6I. 162. 163. 164. 165. 105. LEGUMINOSAE 263 Keel beaked. Corolla yellowish-green, shorter than the calyx. Ovule I. Flowers in small terminal heads. — Species 1. South Africa (Cape Colony) sae . . . Lathriogyne Eckl. & Zeyh. Keel blunt. Corölla = cr le longer than the calyx. — Species 10. South Africa. . . . . . Amphithalea Eckl. & Zeyh. Corolla blue, red, or RN Dee I. Leaves unifoliolate or digitate, stipulate. (See 153.) aut: : „ins @Psoralea. L. Corolla yellow. Ovules 2 or more. pares pie, exstipulate. . 157 Calyx-lobes very unequal, the lowest very large and petaloid. Standard ovate or oblong; wings oblong. Inflorescence surrounded by large bracts. — Species 4. South Africa. . . J seed tedldpariasL. Calyx-lobes about equal. Standard eur. wings dbiaasn, Bracts not very large. — Species I5. South Africa. . . Priestleya DC. (149.) Filaments united into a sheath which is slitabove . . . . 159 Filaments united into a tube which is closed allround. . . . . 180 Style bearded or ciliate on the inside towards the apex. . . . . 160 mivie elabrous inside... 4. « „ray cal, TOI Fruit flat, oblong or ovate, stalked) aka er Shrubs. Leaves trifoliolate. — Species I. Island of Socotra. Priotropis Wight & Arn. Fruit turgid. — Species 220. Tropical and South Africa and Egypt. Some yield fibres, dyes, vegetables, and medicaments, or serve as orna- mental plants. DE ed Mcp aie. ns Anus ae CRetalaria ; L. Ovule 1. SR Ue A ay Se ae es ERLERNTE 9 Ovules 2 or more. vem rarer ara ne Sale E03 Leaves stipulate. Flowers ebracteolate, blue pink or white. Keel incurved. Fruit indehiscent. Seeds without an outgrowth at the hilum, adhering to the pericarp. Gland-dotted plants. (See 153.) Psoralea L. Leaves exstipulate. Flowers bracteolate, red yellow or white. Keel almost straight, gibbous at each side. Fruit dehiscing by two valves. Seeds with an outgrowth at the hilum. Silky-hairy shrubs. Leaves simple, sessile. Flowers usually in pairs in the axils of the leaves. — Species 8. South Africa. . . . TIER Coelidium Vog. Leaves simple and undivided or et usually exstipulate. . 164 Leaves digitate, with 3, rarely 5—7 leaflets, usually stipulate. . . 171 Calyx-lobes distinctly unequal, the I—3 lowest usually narrower than the rest Ait peer) saa Midas a WAM. LO5 Calyx-lobes about emul. 20 Se Sle BA At. 260 Petals adnate at the base to the siesta teibel sell wings auricled at the base; keel with a blunt spur at each side. Ovules 2. Shrubs clothed with long hairs. Leaves stalked, linear. Flowers axillary. Bracteoles leaf-like. — Species 1. South Africa (Cape Colony). Walpersia Harv. Petals free from the staminal'tube .. „in we ee ed 106 264 166. 167. 168. 160. 170. IYI: 172. 174. 105. LEGUMINOSAE Petals red, long-clawed, glabrous. Fruit ovate, turgid. Prostrate undershrubs clothed with long reddish-brown hairs. Leaves imbricate sessile, lanceolate. Flowers in short racemes. — Species I. South Africa (Cape Colony) Sn; . . . KEuehlora Eckl. & Zeyh. Petals yellow, rarely white or ed. but then short-clawed and leaves Bee... . : la Ta aie Leaves in tufts of 3 or more, ae De, RER — Species 150. South BEER: /. Ch We Aspalathus L. Leaves scattered, Kai Petals collins ae linear or lanceolate, more or less flattened ....,.:.%. = ithe? ema «> bony RE Plant hairy. Leaves Sith: — Sechs u] ARO Seddon DC. Plant glabrous. — Species 30. South Africa. Some are used medicin- ally » toe ete Us, ART : . +... 4 Rafnia Dagas: Leaves more or less distinctly stalked, narrow, usually thread-shaped. Flowers in racemes, yellow. Fruit linear. Funicle very short. — Species 25. South Africa. 2... 210270 2.2. Lebeckia-Thnwab: Leaves:;sessile. 1. 2a Hay : eh, CLC Gr Leaves many-nerved, flat, stiff Calyx 5-cleft, with pungent segments. Corolla yellow; standard villous. Fruit linear or lanceolate, slightly flattened. — Species 15. South Africa. . . . . . Borbonia L. Leaves one- or few-nerved, usually thread-shaped and in tufts. Fruit obliquely-ovate or -lanceolate. Funicle filiform. (See 167.) Aspalathus L. (163.) Calyx 2-lipped, the upper lip 2-toothed or 2-parted, the lower 3-toothed or 3-parted. Corolla yellow. Fruit linear . . 092 Calyx not 2-lipped , all segments Se or the 4 upper ones united in pastiche he „1 ht aa Keel longer than ae ard a ‘ta wings. Caen oe two-lipped- Fruit flat, somewhat constricted and with thin partitions between the seeds, not glandular. Undershrubs. Leaves exstipulate. Flowers solitary. Bracteoles small. — Species 4. South Africa. Dichilus DC. Keel shorter than the standard. Leavesstipulate.. . . „7. 2173 . Fruit glandular-hairy or viscid, flat, usually constricted between the seeds. Calyx tubular, usually shortly two-lipped. Shrubs or under- shrubs. Flowers in spikes or racemes. Bracteoles mostly leaf-like. — Species 12. South Africa. . . « Melolobium Eckl. & Zeyh. Fruit hairy, but not glandular. Calyx deeply two-lipped. Standard suborbicular. Bracteoles usually small. -— Species 60. (Tephro- thamnus Sweet, including Macrolotus Harms) Argyrolobium Eckl. & Zeyh. Calyx-lobes distinctly unequal, the upper 4 united in pairs, the lowest Seppakateand Marrow. . ie Poa. ee. oe Calyx-löbes about equal... >. “duh Jane el) Gold one 175. 176. 177, 178 370. I8o. 184. 105. LEGUMINOSAE 265 Keel and style straight. Standard spatulate. Bracteoles bristle-like. — Species 3. South Africa. (Pleiospora Harv.) Phaenohoffmannia O. Ktze. Keel and style curved inwards. Bracteolesnone. . . . . . . 176 Fruit flattened, repeatedly folded and twisted from side to side. Corolla yellow; keel exceeding the standard. Stigma oblique. Herbs. Flowers in racemes. —- Species 1. South Africa (Cape Colony). Listia E. Mey. Fruit slightly flattened or turgid, straight or curved. (See 168.) Lotononis L. Fruit winged, flat, ovate or oblong, stalked, indehiscent. Petals long- clawed, yellow ; keel exceeding the standard. Ovary stalked. Ovules few. Shrubs. Flowers in racemes. — Species 7. South Africa. egarevaribhanb:) IND ty. 19.702082. 0% Wiborgia Thunb. Fruit not winged. Ovules'usually numerous. . - . „8. . 178 Fruit ovate, 1—3-seeded. Corolla white, yellowish, or red; standard with a long claw, clothed with long hairs. Shrubs. Flowers in spikes or heads, without bracteoles. — Species 10. South Africa. Buchenroedera Eckl. & Zeyh. Pearinear lanceolate, or oblong «A. un. 5. went. .. 179 Seeds with a very short funicle. Fruit linear. Corolla yellow. Shrubs or undershrubs. Leaves a Flowers in terminal racemes. (See 169.) ee eae a dhe Lebeckia Thunb. Seeds with a long funicle. Fr uit ea or slightly inflated. Leaves usually stipulate. "Se ln ee Lotononis L. (158.) Ovule 1. Fruit ovate, indehiscent ; pericarp adhering to the seed. Gland-dotted plants. Stipules stem-clasping. Corolla blue, rose, or white. Bracteoles none. (See 153.) . - . . . Psoralea L. ee et rer ER Sralyz:2-hppedi.;s- ,. Benet blir ee ee RE Calyx subequally 5- packed or hie rete Leaves I- or 3-foliolate. . IQI . Calyx deeply 2-lipped. a: Au ES Calyx slightly 2-lipped. Leaves I—3 folate or er ER u EES . Leaves reduceed to scales or spines. Spinous shrubs. Calyx and corolla yellow. Fruit oblong or ovate, 1—4-seeded. — Species 6. North Africa ; one species (U. europaeus L.) also natura.ized in South Africa, the Mascarenes, and St. Helena. This species is used as a garden- or Bere nlant and furnishes a dye-stuff, fodder, and a substitute for tea. Furze.” : i Da en lan; Leaves digitate, with 2—9 Nailers, Pe a) cocky a sae Leaflets 5—9. Stipules adnate to the leafstalk. Keel beaked ; wings cohering at the apex. — Species 10. North and Central Africa. They yield manure, fodder, vegetables, medicaments, and edible seeds which 266 186. 187. 189. 190. IOI. 105. LEGUMINOSAE serve also as a substitute for coffee ; several species are used as orna mental plants. re: Lupinus L. Leaflets —4. Stipules usually free. Wingsfree.. . . . . . 185 5. Leaflets 2 or 4, very rarely 3. Lateral calyx-lobes much shorter than the others. Fruit jointed, bristly or spiny, indehiscent. Herbs or under- shrubs. — Species 3. Tropical and South Africa. Used as fodder. Zornia Gmel. Leaflets 3. Fruit not jointed, dehiscing by two valves.. . . . . 186 Fruit covered with glandular tubercles or hairs. Seeds without an outgrowth at the hilum. Corolla yellow; keel curved inwards. Shrubs. — Species 7. North and Central Africa. . Adenoearpus DC. Fruit not glandular, but usually hairy. Alk . 187 Seeds with an outgrowth at the hilum. Shrubs. — Species 15. North Africa. Some are poisonous or are used as ornamental or medicinal plants. (Including Sarothamnus Wimm., Spartocytisus Webb, and Telane Medik.). tiie. ine) en lee. it + Seeds without an outgrowth at the hilum. Herbs or undershrubs, rarely shrubs. Corolla yellow. (See 173.) Argyrolobium Eckl. & Zeyh. 3. (182.) Calyx sheath-like, split on one side after flowering. Corolla vellow; keel and wings adnate below to the staminal tube ; keel acuminate, curved inwards; wings obovate. Stigma oblique. Fruit linear. Seeds without an outgrowth at the hilum. Shrubs or trees. Leaves unifoliolate, without stipules. — Species I (S. junceum L., Spanish broom). North Africa. Yields fibres and medicaments and is used as an ornamental plant. . . . . . Spartium L. Calyx not sheath-like. Keel obtuse or free from the staminal tube. . 189 Seeds with an outgrowth at the hilum. Fruit linear or oblong, flat. Petals free from the staminal tube. Shrubs. (See 187.) Cytisus L. Seeds without an outgrowth at the hilum. . .5. 9. . Wow Keel distinctly curved inwards ; wings and keel free from the staminal tube ; standard suborbicular. Fruit linear or oblong, flat, covered with glandular tubercles or hairs. Shrubs. Leaves trifoliolate, with small stipules. Flowers in racemes, yellow. (See 186.) Adenoearpus DC. Keel straight or nearly so, blunt, gibbous at each side ; wings and keel usually adnate to the staminal tube ; the former oblong ; standard ovate. Fruit usually inflated. Shrubs or undershrubs. — Species 40. North Africa. Some species yield fibres, dyes, and medicaments, or serve as ornamental plants. (Including Retama Boiss.) Genista L. (181.) Calyx deeply divided. Ovary more or less distinctly stalked. Leaflets minutely toothed. Stipules adnate to the leaf-stalk. (See Sea Abed dled ie + 0) decipher ieee se Ononis L. Calyx shortly toothed. Filaments not broadened above. Ovary sessile of neatly so:, sieaflets entire... we yh) pened sie ee 192. 103. 194. 195. 196. 197. 108. 199. 105. LEGUMINOSAE 267 Calyx obscurely toothed, coloured. Corolla yellow, free from the staminal tube. Fruit thickened or winged at the upper suture. Seeds without an outgrowth at the hilum. Spinous shrubs. Leaves digitate, without stipules. Flowers solitary or in fascicles. — Species 3. North Africa. Used; medicinally.) 0. .3.... MA Calycotome Link Calyx distinctly toothed. Corolla ee rites Base et ekOS Petals with a long claw, blue or violet ; wings and keel adnate at the base to the staminal tube. Fruit oblong, glandular-hairy. Seeds without an outgrowth at the hilum. Spinous shrubs. Leaves tri- foliolate on the young branches, unifoliolate on the older. Flowers solitary or in fascicles. Bracteoles small, leaf-like. — Species I. North Africa (Algeria). Used medicinally. . . . Erinacea Boiss. Petals with a short claw or sessile, free from the staminal tube. Seeds with an outgrowth at the hilum. Unarmed plants. Leaves tri- Biere Plowers in zacemes.or panieles., ., ... lit - 111794 Keel shorter than the standard. Corolla red or violet. Fruit linear, many-seeded. Shrubs. Bracteoles bristle-like. — Species 1. South Africa (Cape Colony). . . . 2... Hypoealyptus Thunb. Keel longer than the ED coral red or white. Fruit ovate- lanceolate, few-seeded. Undershrubs. — Species 1. South Africa enti ety ee le a OU auac:a, Leddigesia: Sims. ae weicamencomally ninnate... En dl uate ROH >. 196 Leaves unequally pinnate. . . aD Fel Pee a (om LOY Leaflets 4. Flowers solitary or in Een Calyx with a long, narrow tube and unequal lobes. Corolla yellow or whitish ; keel beaked. Filaments all united. Ovules 2—3. Fruit oblong, inflated, con- tinuous within, indehiscent, ripening beneath the soil. Stem her- baceous. — Species I (A. hypogaca L., ground-nut). Cultivated. The seeds are edible and yield oil; the leaves are used as a vegetable or as fodder. PH Nt Rit Eintr ).+, „zeücsnche Arachis L. Leaflets numerous. Flowers in racemes. Calyx with a wide tube, truncate or with subequal lobes. Keel blunt or somewhat pointed. Filaments united, excepting one. Ovules numerous. Fruit linear, with transverse partitions. — Species 15. Tropics to Natal and Egypt. Some species yield timber, fibre, fodder, or medicaments, or serve as garden- or hedge-plants. . . . . . . . . Sesbania Pers. es, ens Mail, uelptevalh) ehe = .(- 290 Leaflets numerous. Rebate: 26. Ses ee ene ain hr, 208 Peedi: RERUNS: FFE tah) <3 | 5s | tee peg ash eren nies 23%), e899 Bra EGU ELIPIEIS. ui drei Leterme oe 201 Filaments all united. Corolla red ; standard unappendaged ; kee 3 A straight, blunt, shorter than the wings. Style short and thick. Flowers very small. Twining herbs. — marae 3. Tropical and South-east Africa. Used, medicinally... ... . . | Teramnus Swartz 268 20I. 202. 203. 204. 205. 206. 105. LEGUMINOSAE Filaments united, excepting the uppermost, which is free at least at the base. Standard auricled at the base ; keel curved. Flowers large or rathefdarge... << . umge Th » S260 . Uppermost stamens free at ite Bat but united with the athe at the middle. Corolla red ; keel somewhat shorter than the wings. Twining shrubs. — Species 1. Tropics. . "2. “Dloeléd EVBRE ans Uppermost stamens free throughout. Coretta red or yellowish-green ; keel as long as or longer than the wings. — Species 20. Tropics. Some of them yield poisons, medicaments, vegetables, fodder, and dyes, or serve as ornamental plants. (Sétizolobium P. Br.). Mucuna Adans. Stipules free, stem-clasping, Corolla red, blue, or white; keel blunt. Ovule 1. Fruit ovate, indehiscent. Gland-dotted plants. (See 153.) Psoralea L. Stipules adnate to the leaf-stalk. Corolla red or yellow; keel usually beaked.: “Qvules*2' or amore. 2°": REN: Leaflets toothed. Calyx with a tube Er: ein segments. Fruit dehiscing by two valves, usually terete. (See 129.) . Ononis L. Leaflets entire. Calyx with a thread-shaped tube and unequal segments, four of which are connate. Corolla yellow. Ovules 2—3. Base of the style persistent. Fruit flat, separating in two joints or indehiscent. Herbs. Flowers usually intermixed with feathery bristles. — Species 5. Tropical and South Africa. . . . '. . Stylosanthes Swartz (197.) Stem woody. Corolla white or red ; wings free. Stamens diadel- phous at the base, at first monadelphous at the middle. Ovary stalked. Style hairy at the apex. Fruit flat. — Species 1 (R. Pseudacacia L.). Naturalized in North Africa. Yields timber and medicaments and is used as an ornamental plant. The bark and the leaves are poisonous. Robinia L. Stem herbaceous. Corolla blue, yellow, or whitish. Ovary sessile. . 204 Filaments united, excepting one, or all united into a sheath split above. Wings free. Fruit oblong or ovate, flat or constricted between the seeds. — Species 2. North Africa. They yield medicaments (liquor- ice), dyes, and material for papermaking. ARE Glycyrrhiza L, Filaments all united into a closed tube. Wings slightly adhering to the keel. Style glabrous. Fruit linear, subterete. — Species 1. North Africa (Algeria). Used as an ornamental, medicinal, or fodder-plant. “Goats rue.” a ORL he Bay bo SAR a (147.) Leaves abruptly pinnate. {Especially tribe VICIEAE.] . . 206 Leaves imparipinnate, digitate, unifoliolate, simple, or wanting. . . 220 Calyx distinctly two-lipped, the upper lip entire or shortly 2-toothed, the lower one entire, 3-toothed, or 3-parted. Corolla yellow ; standard ~ suborbicular. Fruit jointed. Flowersin racemes. ... . . . 207 ° ‘Calyx equally or subequally toothed or divided, or entire. . . . . 210 | va 207. 209. 210. 211. 212. 213. 105. LEGUMINOSAE 269- Bracts very large, imbricate, hiding the flowers and fruits. Bracteoles none. Flowers very small. Filaments all united. Ovules 2. Herbs. Stipules produced at the base into a spur-like appendage. — Species 9. Central Airica.)) ..-,. - . «+.» Geissaspis Wight & Arn. Bracts not hiding the fa ee small aa deciduous. Bracteoles eselite | Festi.) os re 208 . Fruit enclosed by the salaieed ae WE. oF eier all en, Ovules more than two. — Species 30. Tropical and South-east Africa. (Damapana Adans: including Koischya Endl.) .. - . . . . Smithia Ait. Pewartuchhexceedine. the calyx. ja. le 2. er ke Vai. 200) Ovary sessile. Uppermost stamen free. Keel obtuse. Fruit ring- shaped or spirally twisted, flat, glabrous except at the shortly spinous. sutures, 2-valved. Herbs. Leaves with 2—4 pairs of leaflets. Stip- ules spurred at the base. Bracts not ro: — Species I. West -. Africa. Ey . . . Cyeloearpa Afz. Ovary stalked. Feat ante en or spirally twisted; in the latter case covered with glandular hairs. — Species 60. Tropical and South Africa. Some species (especially the ambatch, A. Elaphroxylon Taub.) yield cork-wood, fibre, and medicaments. (Including Her- miniera Guill. & Perr.) |... . ... . Aeschynomene L. Style hairy, usually bearded ee Fruit more or less flattened,,. I-celled, 2-valved. Seeds with an outgrowth near the hilum. Herbs. PraeecoeumMalnentary. or Wanting. . ... fie nalen ee EI Style glabrous. . . Gee Mach bier’ Staminal tube lan ely eee 5: i Pau tA Stik es, EDAD). EARS Staminal tube evenly truncate. . . KT ed Meas Style bearded on the inner face. lowe iat Corolla bluish-white ; keel somewhat pointed. Uppermost stamen free. Ovary almost sessile. Ovules 2. Seeds flat. — Species 3. North Africa; also cultivated in northern Central Africa. The seeds of L. esculenta Moench (lentils) are used as food, for the preparation of starch, and in medicine. (Under Ervum L.) EN he Yee Lens’ Gren. “te Goode: ' Style hairy all round or on the back only ; in the latter case flowers large or middle-sized. Seeds globose or slightly flattened. — Species 40. North and East Africa ; some species also naturalized in South Africa and the Mascarene Islands. They yield fodder, edible fruits and seeds (especially beans from V. Faba L.), and'medicaments ; some are used as. ornamental plants. “ Vetch.” ne Ervum L. and Faba Tourn et. li ee © Misia L. Style-apex en ea, ih ‘hs margins ‘heat upwards, hence grooved above. Ovary subsessile. Ovules more than 2. Corolla white or red; keel blunt. Uppermost stamens free at the base. Leaves with 1—3 pairs of leaflets. (See 141.). . . . Pisum L. Style-apex compressed dorsally, with the margins straight or bent down- ei said 270 214. 215. 216. 217. 218. 219. 220. 221. 222. 105. LEGUMINOSAE Stamens 9. Calyx-teeth very short. Corolla white or pink; standard adhering to the staminal tube at its base ; wings oblong, shorter than the keel. Shrubs or undershrubs. Leaves ending in a bristle. Bract- eoles present. — Species 6. Tropical and South Africa. Several species (especially A. praecatorius L.) yield fibres, poisonous ornamental seeds (crab-eyes), and: medicaments. . . . . . . | 0.) AIS Stamens 10. BER I EN NIEREN Pe Connective of the stamens et in a small point, a gland, or a tuft of hairs. Keel gibbous or spurred on each side. Fruit transversely chambered, opening by two valves. Herbs undershrubs or shrubs, clothed with appressed hairs fixed at the middle. Bracteoles none. — Species 320. Tropical, South, and North-east Africa. Several species yield a dye (indigo), or are used in medicine or as ornamental plants. Indigofera L. Connettive-without an appendage. „nl. (si) a ne Fruit indehiscent, not jointed. Calyx-teeth obscure or wanting. Standard auricled at the base ; petals of the keel free. Alternate filaments with a scale at the base. Trees. Leaflets alternate. — Species 1. Mada- gascar. . . . . Xanthocereis Baill. Fruit dehiscent or eine ehe fndershiBe or shrubs’- ', See Fruit jointed, dehiscing on one side or indehiscent. Corolla yellow ; standard orbicular. Stamens usually all united. (See 209.) Aeschynomene L. Fruit not jointed, dehiscing by twovalves. . . ... . «. « « 218 Fruit transversely septate. Bracteoles bristle-like, deciduous. Upper- most stamen free. (See 196.). : . . Sesbania Pers. Fruit longitudinally septate or I-celled. We Me to the keel . 219 Fruit 1-celled, compressed. Petals with a short claw. .Herbs. Leaves ending in a bristle or a tendril. Bracteoles none. (See 212.). Vicia L. Fruit 2-celled, rarely I-celled but then turgid. — Species 70. North and East Africa to Transvaal and the Cape Verde Islands. Several species yield fodder, tragacanth-gum, manna-like exudations, or edible seeds which are also used as a substitute for coffee. (Including Acan- thyllis Pomel, Erophaca Boiss., and Phaca L.) . . . Astragalus L. (205.) Leaves unifoliolate, simple, or wanting. . . . . . . . 221 Leaves digitate or pinnate, with 3 or moreleaflets . . . . . . 251 Deavesexstipulateor wanting!) . © {SU Ceo ani, ee Ue they mr coring Die rer . 224 Branches leaf-like. Leaves usually wanting. Trees. Curette sed Pit turgid, indehiscent. — Species 5. Madagascar. They yield timber. (Including Neobaronia Bak.) . . . . «~~. ~~ Phylloxylon Baill. Branches not leaf-like. Leaves present. Shrubs. Corolla yellow. Fruit flat, dehiscing by two valves. Seeds with an outgrowth near the BER PP Re Eo rs) ee — 223. 224. 225. - 226. 227. 228. 229. 231. 232. 105. LEGUMINOSAE 27% Flowers in heads surrounded by large imbricate bracts. Lowest calyx- lobe very large, petaloid. Standard ovate or oblong; wings oblong. (See 157.) ua Pea ae N ae Liparia L. Flowers solitary or in racemes, a or Heiss with small or medium- sized bracts. Lowest calyx-lobe equalling or slightly exceeding the others. Standard suborbicular ; wings obovate. Bracteoles bristle- likeies(S@eB57i})ec - ı- Sb dis ws Priestleya DC. Stem herbaceous or woody at sh nage N 225 Stem woody throughout. 241 Uppermost stamen united with the Se at ees in on er Date 226 Uppermost stamen free from the others throughout or at the base. 229 Ovule 1. Ovary sessile. Style slender. Calyx-teeth long and pointed. Petals shortly clawed. Fruit enclosed by the calyx, ovate, indehiscent. Flowers I—3 in the axils of the leaves. — Species 6. South Africa (Cape Colony)... . El 5 Hallia Thunb. Ovules 2 or more. Fruit Being Br ir valves! ae E27 Style bearded. Ovary more or less distinctly stalked. ja with an aril. Leaves reduced to the broadened or tendril-bearing petiole. (See. 128.) Bee eens meee on OL S| PE #17 11 5 31122183 piyvleraiamtous.,.. Leaves.unifoliolate.. 2... value mie ce de) | 2) 228 Style short and broad. Ovary sessile. Petals red, long-clawed. Fruit compressed. Leaflets entire. Stipules awl-shaped. Flowers very small, in axillary racemes. — Species 5. Central Africa to Transvaal. Microcharis Benth. Style awl-shaped. Ovary more or less distinctly stalked. Calyx deeply divided. Petals short-clawed. Leaflets toothed. Stipules adnate to the leaf-stalk. Flowers 1—3 in the axils of the leaves. (See 129.) Ononis L. Uppermost stamen united with the others in the middle, at least when young, free at the base, later sometimes free throughout. . . . 230 Uppermost stamen free from the base or nearly from the base. 234 Bremer iafenre UHR OT OO seb) TREU OFC gem Fruit not jointed. 232 Upper calyx-lobes separate. Wings small; standard subsessile. Ov ary stalked. Ovules r—3. Leaflets without stipels. Flowers in axillary, few-flowered racemes, with small bracteoles. — Species 5. Nileland and Island of Socotra. . . ee St iavermersDC. Upper calyx-lobes more or Tex paver Wines oblong, adhering to the keel. Ovules 2 or more. Leaflets usually with stipels. — Species 40. Tropical and South Africa. Some are used as ornamental, medicinal, or textile plants. (Meibomia Moehr.). . . . Desmodium Desv. Flowers very small, in pairs in the axils of the leaves, with minute bract- eoles. Fruit. oblong, with a membranous pericarp, indehiscent. Leaflets without stipels. — Species 2. South Africa to Angola. Sylitra E. Mey. iS) NI i) D Oo w 236. 237- 238. 239. 105. LEGUMINOSAE Flowers not very small, in usually terminal or leaf-opposed racemes. Fruit with a more or less herbaceous pericarp, dehiscing by two valves. 233 . Flowers with rather large bracteoles, violet. Ovary shortly stalked. Stigma penicillate. Fruit 4-winged, septate. Stem twining. Leaflets with stipels. Stipules spurred. — Species 4. Tropics. The roots and the fruits are used as vegetables. (Botor Adans.) Psophocarpus Neck. Flowers without bracteoles. Ovary sessile. Fruit flat. Leaflets without stipels, usually with numerous parallel side-nerves. — Species 130. Some of them yield dyes, poisons, and medicaments. (Cracca L., including Pogonostigma Boiss. and Reguienia DC.) Tephrosia Pers. . Connective of the stamens ending in a small point, a gland, or a tuft of hairs. Keel straight or slightly curved. Fruit with transverse par- titions. Plants clothed with appressed hairs fixed by the middle. . 235 Connective without an appendage. Hairs rarely affixed by the middle. 236 . Keel beaked. Anthers bearded at base and apex. Style boat-shaped below. Ovules 4—6. Fruit short-stalked, turgid. (See 151.) Rhynehotropis Harms Keel blunt or somewhat pointed, gibbous or spurred on each side. Style thread-shaped. Fruit sessile or nearly so. (See 215.) Indigofera L. Ove aco mie. klin Ein) me BEESEE- Dre Me Ovules 2 or more, 7 . ne ee Leaflets with stipels. Flowers in racemes, with broad bracteoies. Calyx- lobes narrow, subequal. Fruit dehiscing by two valves. — Species 2. Madagascar. I 5 ia, CN ee Leptodesmia Benth. Leaflets without stipels. Leaves gland-dotted. Fruit indehiscent ; peri- carp .adnate.to. the seed. (See. 153) ov «yiier. Maine Psoralea L. Ovules 2.. -Corolla»usually yellow... J jeijsadetceeiie: Je ap oe Ovules 3: onmore.”, Corolla usually red. rs: 1 WE sayin = ee Seeds oblong, without an outgrowth at the hilum; hilum linear, the funicle affixed at its apex. Upper calyx-lobes separate or shortly united. Standard oblong or obovate. Erect or decumbent, rarely twining plants. — Species 55. Tropical and South Africa. The roots of one species are used in making beer. Hime astasn ae Eriosema DC. Seeds orbicular or reniform, with a more or less distinct outgrowth at the hilum ; hilum orbicular or oblong, the funicle affixed at or nearly in the middle. Upper calyx-lobes more or less united.. Standard orbicular or obovate. Twining or decumbent, more rarely erect plants. — Species 100. Tropical and South Africa and Egypt. (Dolicholus Medik.) Rhynchosia Lour. 240. Calyx-lobes long, stiff, very unequal, the two upper ones united high up. Style thread-shaped, glabrous. Fruit jointed, indehiscent. Leaves unifoliolate, usually stipellate. Stipules membranous. Flowers small, 241. 242. 243. 244. 245. 246. 247. 105. LEGUMINOSAE 273 in racemes, with bracteoles. — ue g. Tropical and South Africa. (Fabricia Scop.). - . . Alysicarpus Neck. Calyx-lobes subequal. Sister isso Dan towards the apex. Fruit not jointed, dehiscing by two valves. Seeds with a small aril. Leaves reduced to the broadened or tendril-bearing petiole. Stipules leaf-like. Flowers without bracteoles. (See 128.) . Lathyrus I. (224.) Filaments all united into a tube a on one or on both sides, Bracteoles present. . . . ; 2 242 Filaments united into a tube, eae one Re is es at a at the Ba 3h bolic. bushnate ;: uu) .240 Ovary sessile. Ovules numerous. Se RER EN F ruit jointed. Seeds oblong. Shrubs, usually erect. Flowers in few-flowered racemes. — ‚Species IO. ie (Diphaca Lour., including Arthro: carpum Balt. f.) th. a feo 3 > et *#Ormocarnum Beauv. Ovary stalked. Ovules 2—3. Anthers basifixed. Fruit not jointed, indehiscent. Seeds reniform. ‘Trees or climbing shrubs. Flowers in cymes arranged in many-flowered raceme- or panicle-like inflorescences. — Species 65. Tropical and South-east Africa. Some species yield timber (Senegal-ebony) and gum-resin. ER P.Br., including Ecastaphyllum Rich.) . . . : i”. “oo Dalbergia ET: f£, Uppermost stamen united with the fie in the middle, at least when young. Soe fs ere ey ee Uppermost stamen ees Ba, en ; ah tek, WESER Fruit jointed, indented at one or at both gies Lanes usually warb sstipels. (See 231.).. .. ; . . . .„ Desmodium Desv. Fruit not jointed, very thinly or ict Kae opening by two valves. Standard clawed, suborbicular. Ovary sessile. Stigma usually hairy. Leaflets usually with numerous parallel side-nerves and without stipels. Bracteoles none. (See 233.) . . . . Tephrosia Pers. Connective of the stamens ending in a gland, a point, or a tuft of hairs. Keel straight or slightly curved. Fruit transversely septate. Shrubs with appressed hairs fixed by the middle. Bracteoles none. . . 246 Connective without an appendage. Hairsrarely fixed bythe middle. . 247 Fruit separating into joints. Petals red, clawed. Ovules numerous, Leafstalk not jointed at the apex. — Species 1. Mascarene Islands. Bremontiera DC. Fruit not jointed, dehiscing by two valves. Standard sessile or short- clawed ; keel gibbous or spurred on each side. (See 215.) Indigofera L. Bracteoles present. Trees. Petals yellow, more rarely white marked with violet ; those of the keel free or slightly cohering. Ovules 2—4. Fruit compressed, more or less winged, indehiscent. — Species I5. Tropical and South Africa. Several species yield timber (rose-wood) - and a resin (kino) used for tanning and dyeing and for medicinal purposes, also edible fruits and seeds. . . . . Pterocarpus L. Bractenles wanting!) Shrubsistyh „ulm se betoe) won ml. 248 S 274 248. 240. 250. 254. 105. LEGUMINOSAE Ovule 1. Petals blue, red, or white; standard short-clawed; keel curved. Fruit ovate, indehiscent ; pericarp adhering to the seed. Gland-dotted plants. Stipules stem-clasping. (See 153.) Psoralea L. Owules;:2‘orvmores. Berl . . aninaulah „batotu: lon Ovules 3 or more. Petals red. Fruit subterete, constricted between the seeds, indehiscent. Spinous shrubs. Racemes with the rachis ending in a spine. — Species I. Egypt and Nubia. The resinous exudations (Persian manna) are used for food and in medicine. Alhagi Desv. Ovules 2. Petals red or yellow; standard auricled at base. Fruit dehisemeuby two valves.ict& . 2curiiiet miu) .. lene ME Fruit compressed. Seeds with a linear hilum. (See 239.) Eriosema DC. Fruit turgid. Seeds with a short hilum. — Species 5. Tropical and South-east Africa. Used for dveing and in medicine. (Moghania Boe. ed ZUBE kee gol Flemingia Roxb. az Leaällets 3. '. .. ROU RT SOEs, 2) Ur Leaflets 4 or more IB DO WORT [0 BANG Ki Se . Leaves digitate. I Nie, ahd. Sale oe eaves pinnate: . .v. a ate : os eee . Uppermost stamen united w ith the iis into a N or SR Ovules numerous. Bracteoles bristle-like. . . . 3 eee Uppermost stamen free from the others, at least at Ehe ER Merge Filaments united into a closed tube. Seeds with an outgrowth at the him, Herbs er hairy Shrubs... /0s<).axs ca, ee Filaments united into a sheath split above. wee PR: an outgrowth at the hilum. Glabrous undershrubs, shrubs, or trees. . . . . 256 . Calyx-lobes unequal, the upper approaching in pairs. Standard spatulate ; wings obliquely ovate. Anthers slightly unequal. Fruit ovate- lanceolate, dehiscing by two valves. Tall shrubs with brownish hairs. Flowers in head-like spikes. (See 175.) Phaenohofimannia O. Ktze. Calyx-lobes subequal. Standard ovate or oblong ; wings narrow ; petals of the keel scarcely cohering. Fruit linear or lanceolate, dehiscing at the upper suture. Decumbent herbs. Flowers very small, solitary or in short racemes. — Species I. Central Africa. . . Rothia Pers. 250. Keel longer than the standard. Fruit ovate-lanceolate, few-seeded. Undershrubs. (See 194.) . .. . chit Loddigesia Sims Keel shorter than the standard. Fruit er many-seeded. Shrubs BE IreeS.. HSBB- TOA un U are a Hypocalyptus Thunb. 257. Uppermost stamen united with the others in the middle, at least when young. d usr [eee ee een (ethene Uppermost ee oe Bracteoles absent;,, (5). ) «esa nee a ee 28. Petals, at least the four lower ones, adnate below to the staminal tube. Fruit not jointed, scarcely dehiscent. Herbs. Leaflets usually 250. 260. 262. 263. 267. 105. LEGUMINOSAE 275 toothed. Stipules adnate to the leafstalk. Flowers solitary or in spikes, heads, or umbels. Bracteoles absent. (See 138.) Trifolium L. Petals free from the staminal tube. Ovary sessile. Fruit flat. Leaflets SOME No DANOAOtA) Som Air SNe (lly. suey ye eye 1.259 Flowers very small, solitary or in pairs in the axils of the leaves, with small bracteoles. Petals yellowish. Fruit oblong; pericarp mem- branous. Undershrubs. (See 232.) : . . . . Sylitra E. Mey. Flowers not very small, in racemes, without bracteoles. Petals usually red. Fruit dehiscing by two valves ; pericarp more or less herbaceous. (See 233.) MEN, KR Rt isis Tépliresia ‚Pers. Connective of the stamens satis in a er a tuft of hairs, or a small point. Keel gibbous or spurred on each side. Fruit transversely septate, dehiscing by two valves. Plants with appressed hairs-fixed Peete middie. See 205)... we Indigofera L. Momicctiverwitiout alappendape., . - |. = - - +. + 1. 261 . Ovule 1. Keel curved. Fruit ovate, indehiscent ; pericarp adhering to the seed. Gland-dotted plants. (See 153.) . . . Psoralea L. ee as a ot wt 20 Ovules 2. Petals free from the staminal tube; standard auricled at base. Fruit turgid, I-celled, 2-valved. Shrubs. (See 250.) Flemingia Roxb. Ovules 3 or more, rarely 2, but then lower petals adnate to the staminal tube. Wings exceeding the keel. Herbs. Stipules adnate to the eat rast eo ole 203 Petals, at least the four lower ones, adnate to the staminal tube. Keel blunt. Ovules 2—8. Fruit scarcely dehiscent. (See 138.) Trifolium L. Petals free from the staminal tube, red. Keel somewhat pointed, curved. Ovary sessile. Ovules numerous. Fruit dehiscing by two valves. Flowers solitary. (See 153.) . . . . ~~ Parochetus Hamilt. . (252.) Leaflets with stipels. [Especially tribe PHASEOLEAE.|. . 265 DEE Eon Bere ease LINE ET. BLO . Stem herbaceous or woody at the baseonly. . . . 2 2... « 266 premmmoccy tirouenout: . . . . ... 0... iy e . Uppermost stamen united with the others from zon base. Flowers small, red, in racemes, with the rachis not thickened. — Species 20. Tropical and South-east Africa ; one species (G. hispida Maxim., soy- bean) only cultivated. The latter yields edible oily seeds. . Glycine L. Uppermost stamen free or almost so, or united with the others in the VOLTS TERS TL ge ee ee TORE i ae gees Uppermost stamen, at least when young, free at the base, but united with theiathers inthe middle... 1. -)., + + heweastet i. jou) BTS Staminal tube Slit: fea u Fe en up into several joints. Shrubs. Bracteoles persistent. (See 242.) Ormocarpum Beauv. Staminal tube closed. . Fruit not jointed, opening by two valves. Herbs OrıundershrabsihnBrakteelesiabsenti) 1... Hure Selions . 313 Connective of the stamens ending in a small point. Ovary sessile. - Cor- olla red ; keel blunt. Fruit slightly 4-angled, transversely septate. Stipules bristle-like. Flowers small, in racemes, without bracteoles. —Species2. GentrabAfriea. . J „02 0m u. Cyamopsis DC. Connective without an appendage. Ovary stalked. Calyx deeply divided. Standard suborbicular. Leaflets minutely toothed. Stip- ules adnate to the leaf-stalk. (See 129.) . . . . . Ononis I. Bracteoles present. Calyx-teeth subequal. Wings short. Ovary Sra rea OMERERIESCHERNE Bok hh) eilt tee! Dene Tlic neo). 375 Bracteoles absent. Kip . ie" +4316 Keel beaked. Standard EN REN ips eanticek stamen free. Fruit opening by two valves. Seeds subglobular. Twining shrubs. Rachis of the raceme thickened at the insertion of the pedicels. (See Au irren „20. Strongylodon Vog. Keel not beaked. Sitcrindette ERROR ne Uppermost stamen at first united with the others in the middle. Fruit breaking up into several joints. Seeds reniform. Erect undershrubs. (See 231.) Taverniera DC. Petals, at least the lower ones, adnate to the staminal tube. Herbs. Leaflets usually toothed. Flowers solitary or in spikes, heads, or umbels. (See 138.) 3 Morde 2 tole: Teikellım:T% Petals free from the staminal tube. . . . tir! TE Connective of the stamens produced into a da a — or a tuft of hairs. Keel straight or slightly curved inwards, gibbous or spurred on 282 318. 319. 322. 105. LEGUMINOSAE each side. Fruit transversely septate. Plants with appressed. hairs fixed by the middle. (See 215.) 5 midtown hepa cindigoioiiae Connective without an appendage. : ur i ee Ovule 1. Corolla red, blue, or white ; sanmied aa Fruit REN indehiscent ; pericarp adhering to the seed. Gland-dotted plants. Stipules stem-clasping, not adnate. \Bracts membranous. (See 153.) Psoralea L. Ovules 2 or more, rarely ovule 1, but then fruit more or less curved or coiled, corolla usually yellow, standard almost sessile, and stipules adnate to the leafstalk. . . . 2 0 lee Uppermost stamen, at least when Keine aie bial ihe others in the middle. Corolla red or white ; standard suborbicular, clawed ; wings adhering to the keel. Stigma usually hairy. Fruit dehiscing by two valves. Leaflets entire, usually with numerous parallel side-nerves. Flowers in terminal or leaf-opposed racemes, more rarely in axillary racemes or clusters. Bracts distinctly developed. (See 233.) Tephrosia Pers. Uppermost stamen free from the base, rarely united with the others in the middle, but then standard oblong or ovate, sessile or nearly so, corolla usually yellow, fruit not or tardily dehiscent, leaflets usually toothed, stipules adnate to the leafstalk, inflorescence axillary, and bracts minute oriwantings 5.) gibi, Amanala Si) Jo AV . Ovules 1—2. Jeatonoss ulbatle luv. ish deol. bat Rio Ovules more than 2. ABS é 5. . Calvx-lobes very unequal, he upper we: a Shall ER» the side ones small, the lowest the longest, enlarged after flowering, scar- ious. Corolla reddish-yellow ; standard auricled at base. Fruit falcate-ovate, enclosed by the calyx, I-seeded, 2-valved. Twining undershrubs. //(See';293.)!. «uni-zln), .caeie Salüscylisiarige Calyx-lobes about equal, but the upper ones sometimes more or less united, not or scarcely enlarged after flowering. . . ." 322 Fruit dehiscing by two valves, more or less N aa or nearly so. Upper calyx-teeth usually more or less united. Standard auricled at base. Leaflets usually entire. . . aes Fruit not or very tardily dehiscing, turgid or cite to Brei exceeding the calyx. Upper calyx-teeth scarcely or not united. Leaflets usually toothed. Stipules adnate to the leafstalk...!! „u ar sun) 324 3. Seeds orbicular or reniform, with a more or less distinct outgrowth at the hilum ; hilum orbicular or oblong, the funicle attached in the middle or nearly so. Standard orbicular or obovate. T'wining or decumbent, rarely erect plants. (See 239.) . Rhynehosia Lour. Seeds oblong, without an outgrowth at the hilum; hilum linear, the funicle attached at its apex. Upper calyx-teeth not or shortly united. Standard oblong or obovate. Erect or decumbent, rarely twining plants “(Ste 2gqivia our video Eriosema DC. 105. LEGUMINOSAE 283 324. Fruit straight, globular or ovoid, thick, wrinkled. Flowers in slender, more or less spike-like racemes, yellow, rarely white. Herbs. — Species 10. North Africa and Abyssinia ; several species also natural- ized in South Africa. Used as fodder or in medicine. Melilotus Juss. Fruit more or less curved (sickle- or kidney-shaped) or spirally coiled, usually flattened. Flowers in short racemes or in heads. — Species 35. North Africa to Abyssinia and South Africa; several species also naturalized in the Mascarene Islands. Some of them (especially M. sativa L., lucern) are used as fodder, or medicinal plants, and for making paper and brush-wares, others are noxious as burs. Medicago L. 325. Upper calyx-lobes more or less, sometimes entirely united. Corolla yellow. Standard suborbicular, auricled at base. Fruit linear or oblong, constricted between the seeds, dehiscing by two valves. Leaf- lets entire, gland-dotted. . . . a hee sh Seo nace. 326 Upper calvx-lobes not or scarcely nied Standard oblong or obovate. _ Fruit dehiscing at the upper suture or indehiscent, rarely tardilv dehiscing by two valves. Leaflets usually toothed. Stipules adnate meetin .eremianesiitse geoluic « vari. otéltca [928 326. Upper calyx-lobes shortly united. Keel exceeding the wings. Fruit oblong, curved, turgid, 1-celled. Seeds with an outgrowth at the hilum. Viscid, twining herbs or undershrubs. — Species 1. South Africa and Madagascar. . . CIC Fagelia Neck. Upper calyx-lobes united for the Weder Bat or entirely. Fruit com- eeuicdhtranswersely’septäte. ., » . rt st ae 327 327. Fruit oblong, blunt or shortly pointed. Seeds with an outgrowth at the hilum. Herbs or undershrubs. Stipules persistent. Flowers in fascicles or short racemes. — Species 2. Madagascar and Mascarenes. (Under Atylosia Wight & Arn.) . Cantharospermum Wight & Arn. Fruit linear, ending in a long point. Seeds without an outgrowth at the hilum. Style broadened in the middle and towards the apex. Erect shrubs or undershrubs. Stipules deciduous, awl-shaped. Flowers in EHE PUKE U Frenzel IE Cajanus DC. 328. Flowers in long, more or less spike-like racemes. Ovules few. Fruit oblong to globose, thick, ig indehiscent, I—-3-seeded. Herbs. (See 324.) pee . . . Melilotus Juss. Flowers solitary or in nore racemes, etic, or ruisitiels eB. * 2 320 329. Fruit linear or oblong, straight or slightly curved. Herbs. — Species 25. North Africa, Nile-land, and South Africa. T. foenumgraecum L. is cultivated for its seeds, which are used as food, fodder, vermin-poison, in medicine, and in the manufacture of cloth; it is also used asa vegetable. wears . . . Trigonella L. Fruit spirally twisted, more Peay saute or satebniey -shaped. (See 324.) Medicago L. 330. 333: 334- 338. IC5..LEGUMINOSAE (251.) Stem herbaceous or woody at the base only. . . . . 0.0. 331 Stem woody throughout. . . . > orp OG ea . Uppermost stamen united with the othets i the ‘hia at least idl young. . ie ya Uppermost stamen sie the Hahn x mee at ea ee : Tene . Filaments united into. a closed tube, at least when young. Corolla red, blue, or white. Fruit dehiscing by two valves. . . . . . . 333 Filaments united into a sheath split on one or both sides. Corolla yellow, sometimes veined with red. Fruit breaking up into joints, more rarely indehiscent. . . . . sth Aree mr Seer eet eee Stem twining. Leaflets 5—7, EBD, Bracteoles present. Upper- most stamen finally separating from the others. (See 266.) Glycine L. Stem erect or decumbent. Leaflets not stipellate. Bracteoles absent. Uppermost stamen remaining united with the others. . . . . 334 Leaflets 5—7. Stipules bristle-like. Corolla red; standard. sessile ; wings free. Connective ending in a short point. Fruit septate. (See 313.) ot yileeew etofiset.. ervley et. ed. «ree ee Leaflets numerous. Stipules semi-sagittate. Corolla blue or white ; standard short-clawed; wings adhering to the keel. Connective without an appendage. Fruit ı-celled. (See 204.) . . Galega L. . Fruit enclosed by the enlarged calyx, folded, with 2 or more flat joints. aly 2-lipped. .(See 208.)..-.. .. . ZA EINE 9. . Standard clawed. Wings adhering to the keel. Ovules several or many, very rarely only 2. Stigma usually penicillate. Fruit linear, rarely oblong or ovate, dehiscing by two valves. Leaflets usually with many parallel side-nerves. Flowers white or red, in terminal or leaf-opposed racemes, rarely in axillary fascicles or racemes; in this case ovules numerous. Bracteoles absent. (See 233.) Tephrosia Pers. Standard nearly sessile. Wings short. Ovules 1—3. Fruit oblong to orbicular, indehiscent, very rarely dehiscing by two valves. Flowers in axillary spikesorracemes. . . . . , ner A Calyx-lobes much longer than the tube, cj Pees red; keel adhering to the staminal tube. Fruit enclosed by the calyx, oblong or ovate. Unarmed, hairy plants. Stipules connate. — Species 2. Nofth Africa, . . 3 . ote «a abenuseL. Calyx-lobes as long as or sien ban the setae it projecting beyond the calyx, hemispherical or spirally twisted. — Species ro. North 339. 340. Gs. 342. 343: 344. 345. 346. 105. LEGUMINOSAE 285 Africa and Abyssinia. Sainfoin (O. sativa Lam.) is cultivated in various regions for fodder, sometimes also as a medicinal or ornamental plant. and Of » 2002... Onobrychis Gaertn. Style bearded Tahisttiovise tow ee the igs Fruit 2-valved. . . . 340 Style glabrous above or penicillate round the stigma. . . O IY Sas Style thread-shaped, bearded on the outside or all round. Calyx-teeth subequal. Petals red or white, clawed; standard exceeding the wings and the keel. Seeds kidney-shaped, with a filiform fünicle. Flowers in racemes. — Species 40. South Africa to Angola. Some are used medicinally. (Coluteastrum Heist.) . . . . . Lessertia DC. Style flattened, bearded on the inner side. . . . 5 dir ser ‘Calyx-teeth unequal, the two upper ones united high up. Corolla blue or white. Seeds without an outgrowth at the hilum. Leaflets usually stipellate. Bracteoles persistent. “(See’274.)) . . . Clitoria L. Calyx-teeth about equal. Seeds with a small aril covering the hilum. Leaflets not stipellate. Bracteoles rudimentary or wanting . . 342 Staminal ‘tube obliquely truncate. Keel somewhat pointed. Ovary almost sessile. Ovules 2. Aril ovate or oblong. Flowers small, bluish-white. (See 212.) . . „14, “Lens-Gren: & Godr. Staminal tube evenly truncate. Keel shoutet than the wings, usually blunt. Ovules 3 or more. Aril usually linear. (See 128.) Lathyrus L. Connective of the stamens bearing a gland, a point, or a tuft of hairs. Fruit transversely septate, 2-valved. Plants with appressed hairs fixed by the middle. (See 215.) : . . . Indigofera L. Connective without an appendage. Hairs vatelyy fixed by the middle . 344 Leaflets stipellate, 5—7. Flowers in terminal racemes, without bracteoles. Fruit jointed, enclosed by the calyx; joints ovate, slightly flattened. — Species I. Central Africa. Used as an ornamental and medicinal (nul U1 A Sa Leona > ISTH Witte: Desa, Leaflets not ari penade. Bruit jointed, “with orbitedée or quadrate flattened joints, or not jointed. . . . EN 345 Fruit breaking up into joints, flat. Wings BEE, auricled, shorter than the scarcely clawed standard. Flowers in axillary racemes, with bristle-like bracteoles. —- Species 12. North Africa. Some are used as fodder- or ornamental plants... . . u, SF Metysarum L. Fruit not jointed, usually septate ers IR, er? Lar gre Fruit sessile, linear, flat, longitudinally 2-celled, inlichiscent the valves boat-shaped with a wavy and toothed keel. Hairy herbs. Leaflets emarginate. Stipules adnate to the leafstalk. Flowers in axillary spikes or fascicles, bluish or whitish. — Species 1. North Africa and Abyssmia, OWL joey 2) Bisermila&l: Fruit not flat and weit wavy aia fothed ak tardily dehiscent. (See 219.) SPONSE VASEN PIE OPM BNS oa Astragalus L. 349: 350. 35% 352. 353: 354- 355: 105. LEGUMINOSAE . (330.) Uppermost stamen united with the others from the base into a tube usually split in one or two places, rarely (Dalbergia) wanting. . 348 Uppermost stamen free from the others, at leastat the base. . . . 354 . Fruit breaking up into two or more joints, very rarely reduced to a single ovate, not winged joint. Calyx usually two-lipped. Corolla yellow or white, sometimes with red siti or veins. Standard suborbicular. Erect shrubs... .. «+; nr ne oe Fruit not jointed, indes more or Fe Eee winged cana not winged but curved. Ovules few. Trees or climbing, very rarely erect. shrubs. w:- .. 7, . a rere Fruit enclosed by the lan a folded, jointed. Seeds 2 or more, reniform or orbicular, flat. Calyx two-lipped. Racemes short. Bracteoles persistent. (See 208.) Arineldier tise cst 217 REG Fruit much exceeding the calyx. . . . 22 2 | taupe Joints of the fruit 2 or more, oblong, ieee striate. Ovary sessile, with several or many ovules. Racemes few-flowered. Bracteoles persistent. (See 242.) RT RER Ormocarpum Beauv. Joints of the fruit quadrate to ee not striate. Ovary usually Stalker zafäre 200.),:,.:*. sen eh eee re Aeschynomene L. Staminal tube closed all round. Calyx subtruncate, very shortly or obscurely toothed. Wings adhering to the keel. Leaflets opposite — Species 15. Tropics. Some are poisonous. (Deguelia Aubl., including Lepioderris Dunn) . . urtiate er ADBERR Staminal tube split in one or two places. Bann usually alternate. . 352 Anthers attached by the base, with erect cells opening by a short apical slit, or with divergent cells opening lengthwise. Calyx-lobes unequal. Ovary stalked. Seeds kidney-shaped. Flowers in copious panicles composed of cymes. (See 242.) . in ma 4 I DEKeIa ee Anthers attached by the back, opening By parallel longitudinal slits. Fruit more or less oblique or curved. . . es) tn Bracteoles persistent. Calyx bell-shaped, eee at base. Corolla violet ; standard silky outside. Ovary stalked. Ovules r—2. Fruit thick-leathery, crescent-shaped, not winged. Seed 1, kidney-shaped. Small spiny trees. —Species1. West Africa. Drepanocarpus G. F. Mey. Bracteoles deciduous. Calyx more or less top-shaped at the base. Corolla yellow, more rarely white marked with violet; standard glabrous, Ovules 2—6. Fruit membranous or leathery, hardened in the middle, more or less distinctly winged. (See 247.) . . . Pterocarpus L, (347.) Uppermost stamen united with the others in the middle, at least when young. . . bs pals inte ae ee Uppermost stamen free Canepa naa, BAER a, ocd Td ot a Wings free from the keel. Ovules more MR two. Fruit 2-valved. Leaflets usually with stipels. . . <>) tee Wings adhering to the keel. Leaflets ih pation ioe ey | - A ap Saceoglottis Mart. FAMILY 112. ERYTHROXYLACEAE Shrubs or trees, rarely undershrubs. Leaves entire, stipulate. Flowers solitary or in clusters, regular, hermaphrodite, rarely polygamous. Sepals 5, imbricate in bud. Petals 5, free, with a callosity or an appendage on the inner face, imbricate or contorted in aestivation. Stamens 10. Filaments united at the base. Anthers opening by two longitudinal slits. Ovary 3-, rarely 4-celled, usually a single cell fertile. Ovules r—2, pendulous, inverted. Styles or style-branches 3, rarely 4. Fruit a drupe. Seeds with fleshy albumen, rarely without albumen; embryo straight. — Genera 2, species 40. Tropical and South Africa. (Under LINACEAE.) (Plate 71.) Petals scarcely clawed, provided with a longitudinal callosity. Filaments united into a ring. Ovary with 3—4 two-ovuled cells. Fruit 3—4- celled. Leaves opposite. sects 2. — Species I. Equatorial West Afticad « ohls . . . Aneulophus Benth. Petals distinctly a sai a nate, > RN scale. Filaments united into a cup. Ovary with I fertile one-ovuled cell and 2 empty ones. ERYTHROXYLACEAE. LOW. PL: AFR, PL J. Fleischmann del. Erythroxylon pietum E. Mey. A Flowering branch. B Flower cut lengthwise. C Petal from within. D Stamen from front and back. E Cross-section of ovary, F Fruit. G Fruit cut lengthwise. ZYGOPHYLLACEAE, FLOW. FL: APR Pl. 72 J. Fleischmann del. Balanites aegyptiaca Del. A Branch with flowers and young fruits. B Part of branch with spines. C Flower cut lengthwise. D Ovary and disc cut length- wise. E Cross-section of ovary. F Fruit. G Fruit cut lengthwise. II2. ERYTHROXYLACEAE — II3. ZYGOPHYLLACEAE 293 Fruit 1-celled. Leaves alternate. Stipule 1. — Species 40. Tropical and South Africa. Some species yield timber or medicaments. (Plate Pay) Tees a RED ae ern Erythrexylen: P. Browne FAMILY 113. ZYGOPHYLLACEAE Leaves stipulate. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite, rarely (Neoluederitzia) dioecious. Petals 4—5, free, rarely wanting. Stamens I—3 times as many as the petals. Filaments usually with an appendage at the base. Anthers ‘attached by the back. Ovary superior, 3—10-celled, lobed angled or winged. Style simple, rarely (Seetzenia) styles 5. — Genera 12, species 90. (Plate 72.) I. Fruit drupaceous, one-seeded. Seeds without albumen. Ovary 3—5- celled with r pendulous ovule in each cell. Filaments without an appendage. Corolla yellowish-green. Leaves alternate, simple and undivided or of 2 leaflets. Shrubs or trees. RR I BALANI- TOIDEAE and NITRARIOIDEAE.| . . . 2 Fruit capsular or separating into several nutlets, sev orale or many oot Leaves opposite, at least the lower ones, more rarely all alternate, but Eben dissected or pinnate with many leaflets. oo) u. een. 2. Fruit with a very thick endocarp. Ovary 5-celled, surrounded by a cupular disc; ovules attached at the top of the cells. Style rather long ; stigma I. Stamens Io. Petals oblong. Sepals hairy. Leaves with two leaflets. Spiny plants. — Species 3. Central Africa, Sahara, Egypt. They yield timber, fish-poison, vegetables, medicaments, oily seeds, and edible fruits which are also used as a substitute for soap and for preparing a EP ERS drink. “ Zachun-oil-tree.”’ (Agialid Adans.) (Plate 72.) ; ET Balanites Del. Fruit with a thin ee, opening anal as a teeth at the top. Ovary 3-celled ; ovules attached near the middle of the cells. Style very short ; stigmas 3, converging. Stamens usually 15. Petals concave, induplicate-valvate in bud. Sepals fleshy, imbricate in bud. Leaves simple, undivided, fleshy. — Species 2. North Africa and northern Central Africa. They yield soda and edible fruits which are said to be ineberatıne. °° Nitre bushes 215 vevpeeec ceri ge . .. Nitraria, L. 3. Leaves pinnately dissected or irregularly many- cleft, alternate. Filaments without an appendage. Ovary 3—4-celled with several or many ovules in each cell. Seeds albuminous. Herbs. [Subfamilies TET- RADICLIDOIDEAE and PEGANOIDEAE.| . . . ores oe Leaves undivided, unifoliolate, digitate, or pinnate, sonal opposite. Ovary 4—1I0-, usually 5-celled. [Subfamily ZYGOPHYLLOIDEAE.) 5 4. Leaves pinnately dissected. Flowers small. Calyx 3—4-toothed. Petals 3—4, obovate. Stamens 3—4. Ovary deeply lobed, the lobes in- completely 3-celled, 6-ovuled. — Species 1. North-east Africa. Tetradiclis Stev. 204 II3. ZYGOPHYLLACEAE Leaves irregularly many-cleft. Flowers rather large. Sepals 4—5, linear. Petals 4—5, oblong. Stamens 8—15. Ovary slightly lobed, with undivided, many-ovul-d cells. — Species 1. North Africa. The seeds are used medicinally, as a condiment, and for dyeing. Peganum L. 5. Leaves unequally pinnate or digitate, rarely unifoliolate ; in the latter case disc indistinct and ovules ascending. [Filaments without an appendage. Ovary 5-celled with I—2 ovulesin each cell. . . .- 6 Leaves equally pinnate or undivided, rarely reduced to the stalk. Disc distinctly developed. Ovules pendulous. . . . .. . .„ „7.8 6. Leaves alternate, with 4—6 pairs of leaflets. Flowers dioecious. Ovary surrounded by strap-shaped scales. Spiny shrubs. — Species 1. South- weszsAfrica (Namaland). =... + @yeeaere . Neoluederitzia Schinz Leaves opposite, with I or 3 leaflets. Flowers hermaphrodite. Herbs or undershrubs. . . . a EN 7. Calyx valvate in bud. Petals none. Disc 5-lobed. Stamens 5. Ovule I in each ovary-cell, pendulous. Styles 5, with capitate stigmas. Pros- trate undershrubs. Leaflets 3. — Riche 2. South and North-east muibicd, . -. : - "u « » , Seetzenia as. Br. Calyx imbricate in pha Petals Er rose lat or yellowish. Disc obscure. Stamens 10. Ovules 2 in each ovary-cell, suspended from ascending funicles. Styler; stigma simple. — Species 15. North Africa, northern Central Africa, and South-west Africa. Some are used medicinally. Fagonia Journ. 8. Leaves alternate, abruptly pinnate, with 6—8 pairs of leaflets. Flowers large. Sepals saccate at base. Corolla yellow. Disc lobed, with 5 glands projecting into the sacks of the sepals. Stamens Io, unap- pendaged. Ovary 5-lobed, with 2 ovules in each cell. Shrubs. — Species I. East Africa (Somaliland). SHES es! Kelleronia Schinz Leaves opposite, at least the lower ones. u B Sn 9. Ovary 1o-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell. Calyx valvate in bud. Petals narrow, 3-cleft. Disc cupular, 1o-toothed. Stamens Io, with awl- shaped appendages at the base. Fruit winged. Seeds exalbuminous. Erect, succulent herbs. Leaves undivided, club-shaped. — Species I. South Africas”. |’. Eee ti me Augea Thunb. Ovary 4---5-celled. Beles be in ‘bia a Lede SM aril Io. Ovary-cells with one ovule in each. Style long ; stigma club-shaped. Disc 5-lobed, with five 3-cleft scales opposite the sepals. Stamens 10, appendaged. Fruit capsular. Seeds exalbuminous. Shrubs. — Species I. - South Africa, .- si.“ : > Br 0 -Sisyndite E> Mey. Ovary-cells with 2 or more eral in dich SOOTY , aE IT. Ovary-cells later on transversely chambered, 3—5- Lopate Style very short, with a large stigma. Disc thin, lobed. Fruit separating into nutlets, bristly or warty, usually with outgrowths. Seeds exalbuminous. Herbs. Flowers cymose, 5-merous. — Species 12. Some of them have edible seeds or serve as ornamental or medicinal plants . Tribulus Tourn. II3. ZYGOPHYLLACEAE — TI4./CNEORACEAE — II5. RUTACEAE 295 Ovary-cells undivided. Style awl-shaped, with a small stigma. Disc fleshy. Filaments usually appendaged. Fruit capsular. Seeds al- buminous. Flowers solitary or in pairs, whitish or yellowish. — Species 55. Some of them yield soda, edible seeds, medicaments, or poison. Zygophyllum L. FAMILY 114. CNEORACEAE Shrubs. Leaves alternate, simple, entire, gland-dotted, without stipules. Flowers in cymes, 3—4-merous, hermaphrodite, with an elongated receptacle. Petals free, imbricate in bud. Stamens 3—4, alternating with the petals ; filaments without.an appendage. Ovary 3—4-lobed, 3—4-celled. Ovules 2 in each cell, one above the other, pendulous, curved. Style simple ; stigmas 3. Fruit separating in. two 2-celled drupes. Seeds with a curved embryo and fleshy albumen. (Under SIMARUBACEAE.) Genus I, species I. Canary Islands. Used medicinally. (Under Cneo- Rete ee ays eet Br er ee eG RaMaelea Tour: FAMILY 115. RUTACEAE - Leaves gland-dotted, at least at the margin, rarely (Empleuridium) without dots. Petals free, rarely (Empleurum) wanting. Disc usually present. Anthers versatile, opening inwards or laterally by longitudinal slits. Embryo rather large, the radicle turned upwards. — Genera 33, species 320. (Including AURANTIACEAE and XANTHOXYLEAE.) (Plate 73.) I. Fruit dehiscent and more or less dry. Carpels, at least when ripe, more or less separate, rarely only one present. [Subfamily RUTOIDEAE.| 2 Fruit indehiscent and more or less fleshy. Carpels usually united, even when ripe, rarely only one present. Shrubs or trees. Leaves com- ‘pound, but sometimes with a single leaflet. A) it Hh. 24° IQ 2. Stem herbaceous or woody at the base al Billige Hvabmirodite Corolla yellow. Stamens 8—ı10. Ovules 2, or more frequently more than 2 in each carpel. Seeds albuminous ; Rn curved. [Tribe RUT- BA SA aia SO 3 Stem woody. Eoli green, ane ted” or Later Carel (Empleurum) wanting. Fertile stamens 3—5, ad (Pelea) 8 Ovules 2 in each Barpel. sna” ©. - +. Hapa Alırslte. ..Aol sivte 4 3. Carpels 2, with 5—6 old in sans lowed 4-merous. Petals entire. Seeds spiny. Undershrubs. Leaves undivided or 3-parted. — Species 2. German South-west Africa (Hereroland) and Island of Socotra. Thamnosma Torr. Carpels 4—5. Seeds tubercled. —- Species 8. North Africa and northern Central Africa. Some species yield condiments and medicaments. “ Rue.” (Including Desmophyllum Webb and Haplophyllum Juss.) Ruta L. 4. Seeds albuminous. Corolla greenish or whitish. Leaves usually com- pound. [Tribe XANTHOXYLEAE.] Hisibers bps 515 poms Bes 296 NI 9. IO. II. I2. 115. RUTACEAE Seeds exalbuminous, Corolla white, red, violet, or wanting. Leaves simple, undivided:: [Tribe DIOSMEAE: Jun. nn Jr en Stamens 8—10. Carpels 4—5. Trees. Leaves alternate, undivided. Flowers polygamous. — Species 1. Madagascar. (Under Melicope Poet. lOO ide orl unihsliolate,, Relea Stamens 3—5; : SARODASORWE “eee Ew Atcment: wirbopkee Leaves opposite. Flowers unisexual. Carpels 4—-5. Styles united. Seeds oblong. Unarmed plants. — Species 15. Madagascar and neighbouring islands. Some are used medicinally. . Evodia Forst. Leaves alternate. Carpels I—5. Styles free or united above. — Species 30. ‘fropical and South Africa. Some species yield timber, vegetables, condiments, and medicaments. (Including Pierota P. Br., under LANTNOLVININ: LZ hens The ee oa : manhsück Fagara L. . Carpels 1—2. Fertile stamens 4. en EBD or polygamous. Shrubs. [Subtribe EMPLEURINAE.] . . .. , ree Carpels 4—5. Fertile stamens 5. Flowers Heike hr or pol 9 . Flowers dioecious. Sepals united at the base. Petals 4. Disc 4-lobed. Anthers roundish, without terminal glands. Leaves needle-like, three- edged, without glandular dots. — Species 1. South Africa (Cape Goloiiiy): 15. xiGheeaeiinsen: . . . Empleuridium Sond. Flowers polygamous-monoecious. ee united beyond the middle. Petals wanting. Disc none. Anthers oblong, with a gland at the top. Ovary beaked. Stigma entire. Leaves linear-lanceolate, flat, gland- ular-serrate. — Species I. South Africa (Cape Colony). Used medicin- ally. Tus : .. . Empleurum Soland. Endocarp TER TORE at the a and separating from the tubercled exocarp at the margins only. Seeds with thick cotyledons. Ovules one above the other. Ovary with a long and thin stalk. Stam- inodes linear, glandulose. Trees. — Species 2. East and South Africa. [Subtribe CALODENDRINAE. | . o. . . . . Calodendron Thunb. Endocarp separating from the exocarp. Seeds with flat cotyledons. Ovules usually side by side. Shrubs. [Subtribe DIOSMINAE.|. . IO Staminodes 5. ale robes -atibwidedote) uilleio diy bo Staminodes none. . } glete7 .2@<~¢ 2anoniste slots | Appa Style long. Stigma snail Re en es 159 . DER Style short or rather short. Stigma capitate or discoid. In fidresnanie terminal,» ver I 13 Petals clawed. Rete cit elabatins pitts adil ER ira BE. Staminodes petaloid, with hairy claws. Disc crenate or lobed. Carpels 2—4. Flowers in terminal umbels or heads, rarely solitary and axillary. — Species 100. South Africa (Cape Colony). Some are used as orna- mental or medicinal plants. (Plate 73.) . . Agathosma Willd. Petals subsessile, glabrous. Carpels 5. Flowers solitary or in cymes in the axils of the leaves. — Species 20. South Africa (Cape Colony). Some are used medicinally. . . 27. . . . . Barosma Willd. 13. 14. IR. 16. 19: IS. IQ. 20. 2I. II5. RUTACEAE 297 Petals with a very short, glabrous claw. Anthers ending in a stalked gland. Staminodes exceeding the fertile stamens. Disc lobed. Ovary covered with stalked glands. Flowers rather large. — Species 25. South Africa (Cape Colony). Several species are used as ornamental or medicinal plants, or as a substitute for tea . . Adenandra Willd. Petals with a long or rather long, usually channelled or bearded claw. Anthers with a sessile gland or withoutagland. . . . . . . m4 Petals channelled: inside, glabrous. Anthers bearing a sessile gland. Staminodes adnate below to the petals or enclosed by their channelled claw. Ovary glabrous. Leaves alternate. — Species 6. South Africa (Cape Colony). Some are used as ornamental or medicinal plants. Coleonema Bartl. & Wendl. Petals not channelled, usually with a hairy claw. Stamens short. Stamin- odes very small. — Species 15. South Africa (Cape Colony). Aemadenia Bartl. & Wendl. Style long. Stigma small. Petalswithahairyclaw. . . . .-°.. 16 Style short or rather short. Stigma capitate. Filaments glabrous. . 17 Disc 5-parted. Filaments and style hairy. Carpels 5. Flowers solitary or in clusters, white. — Species I. South Africa (Cape Colony). Phyllosma Bolus Disc entire, urn-shaped. Filaments glabrous. Carpels 3—5. — Species Io. South Africa (Cape Colony). . . Maerostylis Bartl & Wendl. Petals sessile, obovate, glabrous. — Species 15. South Africa (Cape Colony). -Some/are used medicinally) „ei... adie Diosma L. Petals clawed» hairy within. Wid¥ .ileogs se. soni ilinae . 18 Petals oblong or lanceolate, slightly exceeding the calyx. Anthers with a terminal gland. Flowers very small. —- Species 6. South Africa (Cape Colon, ur AO Hin Cus. 4, Buchaetis “Barth '& Wendl. Petals obovate. (See 14.) . . . . ... Aemadenia Bartl. & Wendl. (1.) Fruit a drupe. Flowers usually unisexual. Stigma sessile or nearly so. [Subfamily TODDALIOIDEAE, tribe TODDALIEAE.] . . 20 Fruit a berry. Flowers usually hermaphrodite. , [Subfamily AURAN- TIOIDEAE, tribe AURANTIEAE. | 27 Fruit ı-celled. Seed x, exalbuminous. Ovary I-celled. Petals im- bricate in bud. Leaflets 1—3. [Subtribe AMYRIDINAE.] . . . 21 Fruit 2—7-celled or consisting of 2—4 carpels cohering at the base only, I—3 of them sometimes abortive. Ovary 2—7-celled. . . . « 22 Flowers hermaphrodite. Fertile stamens 10. Disc cup-shaped. Style long, with a minute stigma. Ovule 1. — Species 1. Equatorial West Africa (Cameroons) . . . . . . . +. Eriander H. Winkl. Flowers dioecious. Fertile stamens 4—5. Disc ring-shaped. Style short, with a broad stigma. Ovules 2. — Species 18. Tropical and South Africa. (Under Toddalia Juss.) . . . . ~~ Teelea Del. 298 22. 24. 25. 27. 28. 29. 30. II5. RUTACEAE Carpels almost free when ripe, some of them rudimentary. Seeds ex- albuminous. Ovary distinctly 2—4-lobed. Stamens 4. Petals valvate in bud. Leaves digitate. [Subtribe ORICIINAE.] . . . . . 23 Carpels united up to maturity, forming a 2—7-celled fruit. Ovary not or obscurely lobed. Petalsimbricatein bud. !Subtribe TODDALIINAE.] 24 Carpels 2, one of them rudimentary at maturity. Seeds with equal cotyle- dons. Ovary almost glabrous. Petals oblong. Flowers in racemes. — Species 1. Equatorial West Africa (Gaboon).. . Diphasia Pierre Carpels 4, of which 1—3 are rudimentary at maturity. Seeds with unequal cotyledons. Ovary very hairy. Petals oval. Flowers in panicles, uni- sexual. — Species 4. West Africa. . . . . . . Oricia Pierre Fruit with 2-seeded cells. Seeds albuminous. Flowers 4-merous. Trees. Leaves digitate, with 5 leaflets. — Species 1. Equatorial West Africa (Gaboon).3: 1...) sabe eek of A eo Ang Fruit with TI-seeded cells. Flowers unisexual. Leaves digitate with 3 leaflets, rarely pinnate with 7—9 leaflets. . . N VE aa le stamens as many as the petals. Flowers 5-merous. Seeds albumin- ous ; embryo curved. Climbing shrubs. Leaves digitate. — Species I. Tropics. Yields condiments and is used in medicine. (Cranzia Schreb.) Toddalia Juss. Fertile stamens twice as many as the petals. Flowers 2—4-merous. Embryo straight or almost so "WA ernAS a a . Filaments awl-shaped. Flowers 4-merous. Seeds exalbuminous. Shrubs. Leaves digitate. — Species I. East Africa. . Toddaliopsis Engl. Filaments flattened. Seeds albuminous. — Species 30. Tropical and South Africa. Some ae a timber and medicaments. (Under Loddalia Juss.), , 14.5 opt Ss Vepris Comm. (19.) Ovary 2—5-celled, with I—2 nie in each cell. Stamens twice as many as the petals. [Subtribe LIMONIINAE.] . . Uk) ee Ovary 5- or more-celled, with 4 or more ovules in each cede Leaves with I—3 leaflets. [Subtribe ciTRINAE(]'. oye WER ‚OR, VOR Ovules solitary in each ovary-celly Zi, aw pov erie ool oe ae as) Ovules two or more in each ovary-cell. Unarmedplants . . . . 39 Flowers solitary or in groups of three in the axils of the leaves, 3-, rarely 4-merous. Calyx toothed. Seeds usually with unequal and lobed cotyledons. Spiny shrubs. Leaflets 3, unequal. — Species 1. Cul- tivated in the tropics. Yields timber, pees flowers, and edible fruits. ey et Re ee EHE RE . . . Triphasia Lour. Flowers in racemes or panicles, 4—5-merous. Calyx lobed or more deeply divided. Leafstalk winged. — Species 10. Tropics. They vield timber, edible fruits, oily seeds, and medicaments. . Limonia L. Style very short, not jointed with the ovary. Leaves unifoliolate. — SPERSFTAHW est) Africa. i- -.eaniite A FR Glyeosmis Correa Style long or rather short, jointed with the ovary. Leaves unequally pinnate. Ses ttl Bere ae. one eae RUTACEAE. meow. PL, AFR. J. Fleischmann del. Agathosma ciliata Link G Cross-section of ovary. F Flower cut lengthwise. E Staminode. H Fruit. D Stamen. C Petal. A Flowering branch. B Flower. SIMARUBACEAE. FLOW. PL. AFR. Pl. 74. J. Fleischmann del. Irvingia Barteri Hook. fil. A Flowering branch. B Flower cut lengthwise. C Cross-section of ovary. II5. RUTACEAE —-II6. SIMARUBACEAE 299 31. Filaments awl-shaped. Petals 5, linear lanceolate or oblong. Flowers Species 1. Cultivated and naturalized in the tropics. rather large. Yields timber, fragrant flowers, and medicaments . . . Murraya L. Filaments broadened below. Petals 4-5, elliptical or roundish. Flowers rather small. —- Species ©. Central and South Africa. Some are used medicinally. (Including Myaris Presli. . . . . Clausena Burm. 32. Ovary with 4—8 ovules in each cell. Anthers oblong. Pericarp leathery. . Seed-coat white, leathery. Leaves leathery. — Species 4. Cultivated ; also naturalized in the tropics. They serve as ornamental plants and afford wood, fragrant flowers, and edible fruits (especially oranges and citrons) from which drinks, medicaments, and perfumes are prepared. Citrus L. Ovary with numerous ovules in each cell. Anthers linear. Pericarp hard.. Leaves.with 3 leatlets. . . ; tole nw. 33 33. Stamens 10. Seed-coat smooth. Lede edict — ann I. Region abıthe pueatylakesnwvisin.i sp 209. 2eBalsamoeitrus Stapf Stamens numerous. Seed-coat woolly and sticky. Leaves herbaceous. — Species I. West Africa. Yields timber and is used in medicine. Aegle Correa FAMILY 116. SIMARUBACEAE Shrubs or trees. Leaves simple or pinnate, not gland-dotted. Flowers in spikes racemes or panicles, regular. Sepals 2—5. Petals 3—9, free. Disc usually present. Anthers versatile, opening inwards by longitudinal slits. Carpels free or united and then forming a several-celled ovary. Ovules I—2, pendulous or laterally attached. Seeds with a very thin albumen or without albumen. — Genera 16, species 40. Tropical and Ssuth Africa. (Under hk MM AGBAE:) h(Plate: 74.) I. Carpels 5, free, 2-ovuled. Disc indistinct. Stamens 5—1r0, without an appendage. Corolla yellow. Fruit drupe-like. Embryo curved, with a large radicle. Shrubs. Leaves undivided. — Species 1. Tropics. ‘Subfamily SURIANOIDEAE.! . . . BAT Suriana L. Carpeis united at least by the base or he apex of the style, ı-ovuled. Disc distinctly developed. Embryo with a very short radicle. [Sub- Pape y SIMARUBOIDEAR.T yey) 42.20 °2 Lesh cet Oa AR 2 2. Filaments witha scale-like appendage at the base. [Tribe SIMARUBEAE} 3 maiciamients without a scalaat the,base,. .. + BaeKMoedll Soreonenr. 9 3. Stamens 6-—14, twice as many as the petals. Anthersoblongoroval . 4 Stamens 15—18, thrice as many as the petals or more. Anthers linear. Ovaries 5. Style x. Corolla red. Trees. Leaves ag [Sub- tribe MANNIINAE.] . .... yf tafe PS 4. Ovaries and style-tips united. Fruit a eee: w ith . 4—5 stones. Embryo curved. Shrubs. Leaves compound. — Species 2. Central Africa. [Subtribe HARRISONIINAE.] . . . . .. Harrisonia (R.Br.) Juss. 300 6. 8. \D 140 IT. I2. 13. II6. SIMARUBACEAE Ovaries free. Styles united. Fruit A of 1—5 nuts or drupes. [Subtribe SIMARUBINAE.| . Siow? are] Diez . Leaves undivided. Flowers in BE lg 3—5-lobed, imbricate in bud. Petals with contorted aestivation. Filaments with a minute scale at the base. Style long; stigma small, entire. Fruits woody. Trees. — Species 2. Madagascar. Used medicinally. Samadera Gaertn. Leaves pinnate. Flowers in racemes or panicles. . . . . . . 6 Calyx 5-parted, imbricate in bud. Petals 5, with contorted aestivation. Filaments with a short scale. Style long; stigma slightly 5-lobed. Leaflets lanceolate, acuminate. — Species I. West Africa. Yields arrow-poison and is used in medicine. . . . . . . Quassia L. Calyx 2—4-lobed or -cleft. Petals with imbricate aestivation. Filaments with along scale. Styleshort. Flowers in panicles. ee ; . Calyx 4-, rarely 5-lobed. Petals 4, rarely 5. Fruits tS ieh oblong or obovate. — Species 3. Equatorial regions. The seeds yield a fat. (Under Quassia L.) meaty Odyendea (Pierre) Engl. Calyx at first closed, later on unequally 2—4-cleft. Petals 5, rarely 6—9. Stigma 5-parted. Fruits drupe-like. — Species 4. Central Africa. They yield timber, oily seeds, and medicaments. . Hannoa Planch. Calyx shortly lobed. Anthers shorter than the filaments. Ovaries united below. Leaflets with a spoon-shaped appendage at the tip. — Species I. West Africa (Cameroons) . . Pierreodendron Engl. Calyx deeply divided. Anthers longer than the filaments. Ovaries free. Leaflets with an awl-shaped pet at the tip. — Species 1. West Altea? > . . . . Mannia Hook. fil. . (2.) Stamens pee BER give ae as to the ovaries or as to the styles. Flowers usually polygamous. rere ee Stamens §—10. Fruit drupe-like. Trees. . . a Sepals 3. Petals 3. Stamens 6. Carpels 2, Saite at the böse Stigma subsessile, discoid. Fruit 2-celled, winged. Leaves undivided. — Species I. Seychelles. [Tribe SOULAMEEFAE.} Soulamea Lam. Sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels 4. Stigma small. Leaves pinnate. II Ovaries and styles free or united at the base only. Petals short. Fruit consisting of 4 drupes. Rusty-hairy plants. — Species 5. Central Africa. Used medicinally. [Tribe PICRASMEAE.] Brucea J. S. Muell. Ovaries united ; styles free. Petalslong. Fruit separating into 4 leathery mericarps suspended from a central column. — Species 5. Central Africa. ' [Tribe KIRKIEAE.]).. 7. . . . Kirkia Oliv. Carpels free for the greater part. Leaves pin — Species I. Mada- gascar. Poisonous. . . . t,o BörrieranCburchee Carpels wholly united. Leaves u Flowers hermaphrodite . 13 Stigma 2-parted. Ovary 2-celled. Disc ring-shaped, lobed. Anthers oblong. Flowers solitary or in clusters in the axils of the leaves. — Species 1. South Africa. (Under Nectaropetalum Engl.) Peglera Bolus II6. SIMARUBACEAE — II7. BURSERACEAE 301 Stigma entire. Disc cushion-shaped. Anthers ovate. Flowers in pan- ielesziidiiribe IRVINGIEAE. ].. . . .. a tas er 14. Ovary 4—5-celled. Fruit broader than long, melden 4—-5-celled, with a thin fleshy layer. — Species 3. Equatorial West Africa. ) Klainedoxa Pierre Ovary 2-celled. Fruit oblong, I—2-celled. . . ... . oe 15. Fruit much compressed, broadly winged all round, E erliei 2-seeded, with a thin fleshy layer. — Species 2. Sr West Africa. (Under Iröingia\ Hook. fil.) . . .. . . Desbordesia Pierre Fruit slightly compressed, not Sheed: I- sealled, ı-seeded, with a thick fleshy layer. — Species 5. Central Africa. They yield timber, edible fruits, and oily seeds (dika). (Including /rvingella van Tiegh.) (Plate ec plone (eee) Bic me Mote. er kryingia Hook. fil. FAMILY 117. BURSERACEAE Trees, rarely shrubs. Bark resinous. Leaves usually pinnate. Flowers panicled, regular, mostly polygamous. Perianth consisting of a calyx and a corolla of 3—5 free petals. Stamens twice as many as the petals, inserted on the margin or the outside of the disc, rarely within. Anthers versatile, opening inwards by longitudinal slits. Ovary 2—5-celled. Ovules 2 in each cell, pendulous or attached laterally. Style simple or wanting ; stigma lobed. Fruit drupe-like, but sometimes dehiscent. Seeds exalbuminous. Embryo with a superior radicle and usually folded or twisted cotyledons. — Genera 7, species 160. Tropical and South Africa. (Under TEREBINTHACEAE). (Plate 75.) I. Receptacle concave; tube-, cup-, or urn-shaped; sepals, petals, and stamens inserted at its upper rim. Sepals 4 and petals 4, valvatein bud. Ovary 2—3-celled. Fruit drupaceous, but dehiscent, with a 2—3-celled stone ; one cell only fertile. — Species 110. Tropical and South Africa. Several species yield timber and odorous resins (especially myrrh) which are used for preparing varnish, incense, and medicines. Some are also used as hedge plants. (Balsamea Gled., Balsamodendron Kunth, including Hemprichia Ehrenb. and Hitzeria Klotzsch). Commiphora Jacq. Receptacle flat or convex, usually bearing a free disc, outside of which the sepals and petals are inserted. Leaves pinnate. Trees... . . 2 2. Flowers 3-merous. Petals valvate in bud. Fruit with a 2—3-celled stone, indehiscent, sometimes only one cellfertile.. . . . . . 3 Flowers 4—5-merous. Fruit with 2—5 stones. . . ; 5 3. Fruit depressed, obliquely hemispherical, broader than Tesi, With” a itera style and 1—2 fertile cells; endocarp thin, mesocarp rather thick. Embryo with a short radicle and thick, pinnately divided cotyledons. Stamens inserted outside the thick disc. Ovary 3-celled; one cell sterile. — Species 6. Equatorial West Africa. They vield timber, 302 II7. BURSERACEAE — 118. MELIACEAE edible fruits, and medicaments. (Under Pachylobus Don or Sanliria Blume)... .“.u. AL /HE adrSantiriopms EEE Fruit oblong, ovate, or RR hand Herth. ‚Bsllaa-Fr en 4. Fruit with 2 cells, one of which is sterile, and with a terminal style or style-scar ; endocarp thin crusty, mesocarp thick fleshy. Embryo with a long radicle and thick, much divided cotyledons. Ovary 2-celled. Sepals united at the base. — Species 13. West Africa. They yield timber, resin, and edible oily fruits (safu). (Under Canarium L.) (Pistev75:)..- . .. : ; . . . Pachylobus Don Fruit with 3 cells, two of them RER sie endocarp usually thick, woody or bony ; mesocarp usually thin. Embryo with a short radicle and slightly divided cotyledons. Ovary 3-celled. Sepals united high up. — Species 13. Tropics. Some species yield timber, resin (elemi) used in medicine and manufacture, and edible oily fruits and seeds. Canarium L. 5. Disc situated outside the stamens. Petals 5, imbricate in bud. Ovary 5-celled. Fruit top-shaped, with 5 stones, dehiscent. — Species I. Equatorial West Africa. Yields timber and an aromatic resin. Aucoumea Pierre Disc, situated: inside the stamens... >... 6s. Slsisy atte epee 6. Petals 4—5, valvate in bud. Ovary 4—5-celled. Fruit globular or ovoid. Species 4. Madagascar and Mascarenes. They yield timber and resin. (Marignia Comm.) . . . «0. .-Prothim? Bürm. Petals 5, imbricate in bud. Ovary 2—3- a Fruit with 2—3 stones, dehiscent. Flowers hermaphrodite. — Species 15. Central Africa. The resin of several species (frankincense) is used as an incense and in medicine; - [apse are? re , onli. | pono OB FAMILY 118. MELIACEAE Trees or shrubs. Leaves without stipules, usually pinnate. Flowers regular, mostly panicled. Petals 3—6, usually free. Stamens as many or more frequently twice as many as the petals. Filaments usually united. Anthers 2-celled, opening inwards or laterally by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, usually 2- or more-celled. Ovules inverted. Style simple or wanting ; stigma entire or lobed. — Genera 23, species 150. (Including AITONIEAE, CEDRELEAE, and PTAEROXYLEAE.) (Plate 76.) I. Filaments free. Ovule rt in each ovary-cell. Seeds winged. Leaves pinnate. [Subfamily CEDRELOIDEAE.!. . ..... . 2 Filaments more or less united into a tube... | 6 6542) lesoceepa) fer 2. Ovary and fruit 2-celled. Petals 4. Stamens 4. — Species 2. South and East Africa. They yield timber (sneezewood). Ptaeroxylon Eckl. & Zeyh. Ovary and fruit 5-celled. — Species 1. Madagascar. . Cedrelopsis Baill. BURSERACEAE. FLOW. PL. AFR. Pl. 73. }. Fleischmann del. Pachylobus edulis G. Don A Flowering branch. B Male flower cut lengthwise. C u D Female flower cut lengthwise. E Staminode. F Cross-section of ovary. MELIACEAE. FLOW. PL. AFR. Pl. 76. J Fleischmann del. Trichilia retusa Oliv. A Flowering branch. B Flower. C Flower cut lengthwise. D Anther. IO. 118. MELIACEAE 303 Seeds winged. Ovules 4 or more, rarely 2 in each ovary-cell. Stamens S8—r1o. [Subfamily SWIETENIOIDEAE.| ...... . 4 Seeds not winged. Ovules I—2, rarely 3—8 in each ovary-cell or on each placenta. [Subfamily MELIOIDEAE. | ae thar oH Ovules 2 in each ovary-cell. Ovary 5-celled. cele small. Disc wanting. Anthers 10, seated between the teeth of the staminal tube. Leaves whorled, undivided. Flowers in panicles. — Species 2. West Pubrigas yierital ss ; Alk: Pynaertia De Wild. Ovules 4 or more in at ovary- et Be Dinnate!. = 5 Ovules 4 in each ovary-cell. Disc shortly stalk-shaped. ama tube campanulate, the mouth crenate and with short teeth bearing the anthers. Petals imbricate in bud. — Species 7. Central Africa. Lovoa Harms Diler.0 onumore inedchpvary-cell. yalasp.ı = fins) -jlasaeP--e . 6 . Ovules 6 in each ovary-cell. Ovary sessile. Disc none. Staminal tube entire at the mouth, or with short teeth bearing the anthers. Petals with imbricate aestivation. Flowers 5-merous. — Species 2. Southern Wiest/ Aftiea:] A.320-/) .. . . . Wulfhorstia C. DC. Ovules 12 or more in en ovary KENT: (Bktals with contorted aestiva- tion. eR 7 Disc shortly stalk- ee Annkerenl Sich ‘he EN tube I lougheadinal ridges. Seeds winged below. Leaflets entire. — Species 15. Central Africa. They yield timber, gum, and a dye-stuff. (Including Lezoptyx Pierre, under Swietenta L.) iy Entandophragm3;CHDC. Disc cup- or cushion-shaped, not connected with the staminal tube by longitudinal ridges. . . et a BEN #5 Disc cup-shaped. Fruit ables: Seeds about 5 in each cell of the fruit, winged below. — Species I. Central Africa. Yields timber and gum. (Under Cedrela L) . . . . . +. + Pseudocedrela Harms Disc cushion-shaped. Flowers 4-merous. Fruit globose. Seeds numerous in each cell, winged all round. — Species 7. Tropics. They yield timber (African mahogany), tanning bark, gum, and medicaments. Khaya Juss. (3.) Ovules more than 2 in each ovary-cell. Ovary 4—5-celled. Anthers 8—10, inserted between the lobes of the staminal tube. Seeds large, pyramidal ; seed-coat woody orcorky. . . . EI TA Ovules I—2 in each ovary-cell or on each placenta. Sa onal or medium- sized ; testa crustaceous, leathery, parchment-like, or membranous. II Flowers 4-merous. Staminal tube with 2-toothed lobes. Seed-coat corky or spongy. Radicle of the embryo lateral. Leaves pinnate, with 1—3 pairs of leaflets, or simple. Panicles rather small, lax, few- flowered. — Species 3. Tropics. They yield timber, tanning bark, and oily seeds. (Under Carapa Aubl.) . . . Xylocarpus Koen. Flowers 5-merous. Staminal tube with entire lobes. Ovules 6—8 to each ovary-cell. Seed-coat woody. Radicle superior. Leaves pinnate, 304 ° 13. £4. 15. r6. 17, 118. MELIACEAE with many pairs of leaflets. Panicles very large, many-flowered. — Species 4. Tropics. They yield timber, oily seeds, and medicaments. Carapa Aubl. Ovary 2—3-celled, rarely I-celled with 2—3 ee ae Stamens 6-— waite, Mi J . ERE eae Ovary 4—20- Mele dl N ter on I- le Sieh 4—5 pldcenbel dt pel Anthers inserted below the mouth of the staminal tube, entirely or almost included. Disc stalk-like or wanting. Seeds exalbuminous. Leaflets 6—25. . . UB) 23 Anthers inserted a siete upper lies of find staliteied ibe, or at the top of its lobes, or in the notches between them. . . Be Leaflets serrate. Flowers 5-merous. Anthers irfserteib at the base of the lobes of the staminal tube. Disc none. Ovary septate. Stigma 2—3-parted. Fruit a I-seeded drupe. Radicle of the embryo ex- serted. — Species I. East Africa. Yields timber, oily seeds, and medicaments. (Under MeliaL.) . . . . +. Azadirachta Juss. Leaflets entire. Stigma discoid. Fruit a 2- or more-seeded capsule or berry. Radicle included. — Species 7. West Africa. Yield timber. (Including Bingeria A. Chev. and Heckeldora Pierre). . Guarea L. Filaments united at the base only, 2-toothed at the top; anthers inserted between the teeth. Petals 5, valvate in bud. Fruit a berry or drupe Seeds albuminous. Leaves 3-foliolate. — Species 2. Madagascar and Comoro Islands. . . . . . . . Cipadessa Blume Filaments united high up, Ereiy ( Tyidittia) at the base only, but then fruit &Capsule and'seeds exalbuminoiis. I. os 2 IG 407 DAR as Ovary I-celled, adnate to the staminal tube. Stigma sessile. Anthers inserted at the rim of the almost entire staminal tube. Disc stalk-like. Flowers 4-merous. Leaflets usually 5. -— Species I. Madagascar. Symphytosiphon Harms Ovary 2—3-celled. . . . « SAGA UD SL a Flowers solitary, axillary, are i in Sika! oor Io, iiserted at the tips of the teeth of the staminal tube. Disc ring-shaped. Style long. Fruit capsular, subglobose. Seeds with 3 narrow wings and with fleshy albumen. Small shrubs. Leaves with a narrowly winged stalk and 3 woolly leaflets. — Species I. Southern West Africa (Angola). Used medicinally. (Nelanaregam Adans.) Naregamia Wight & Arn. Flowers in panicles, rarely in racemes. Leaves with 5 or more leaflets, rarely with 3, but then seeds exalbuminous. . . . . „ee 51717 Leaflets 5—7, toothed, clothed with stellate hairs; leafstalk winged. Anthers 10, inserted between the lobes of the staminal tube, which are divided in filiform segments. Disc ring-shaped. Style short. — Species 1. West Africa (Cameroons). The bark is eaten and used medicinally. Pterorhachis Harms Leaflets entire, very rarely toothed, but then anthers 8, inserted at the entire mouth of the staminal tube. Seeds exalbuminous. . . . 18 18. IQ. 2I. 22. 23. 24. 25. IIS. MELIACEAE 305 Fruit a berry or a drupe. Seed-coat crustaceous. Staminal tube entire or shortly toothed. — Species 15. Tropical and South Africa. Some of them yield timber, tanners’ bark, and medicaments. (Including Ohara Ge) u: me =. Keberzia Sparm. Fruit a capsule with a leathery oy Seed-coat thin-leathery. Staminal tube usually more or less deeply divided. — Species 35. Tropical and South Africa. Some of them yield timber, dyes, oily seeds, and Backeaments „„(BläteZ69).. 4. data ee. sey), richilia L. (1r.) Leaves simple, undivided. Flowers solitary or in cymes or racemes. minnticapsilam jaccdsalbuminatisads tc. boticuly sath „aeg loca 20 Leaves pinnate. Flowers in panicles, racemes, or cymes.. Stamens: iimueaarmats htey.ho tii! abs Met aih or elon wry iar. vhs 2I . Stamens united at the base only, 8. Disc cup-shaped. Stigma small. Flowers solitary. —- Species I. South Africa. (Aztonia Thunb., Larrutma ©.sKtze))’ ~ f . . >. Nymania Lindb. Stamens united high up, A, oe ring- ered: or absent. Stigma usually thick. — Species 50. Tropical and South Africa. Some are used medicinally. (Including Calodryum Desv., Grevellina Baill., and Quivisia Comm.) a ana ee Touizraea L. Leaves twice pinnate, with usually serrate leaflets. Anthers 10—12, inserted between the teeth of the staminal tube. Fruit a drupe. Seeds with scanty albumen. — Species 4, two natives of Central Africa, the others (especially M. Azederach L., beadtree or Persian lilac) cultivated as ornamental plants and sometimes naturalized. They yield timber, gum, oil, and medicaments, and are also used for the preparation of meer lhe mults-are’poisomons. Si c! Teens 15. Flowers distinctly irregular. Calyx eat a ee edna! ‘Petals fringed. Mericarps with a 3-parted side-wing.—Species 2, one a native of West Africa, the other one naturalized in the Mascarene Islands. Ornamental plants. (Gaertnera Roxb.) . . . . '. . Hiptage Gaertn. Flowers more or less regular. Calyx Ryley Re, small glands or without glands. Petals entire. Mericarp with a stellate, many-parted side- wing. — Species I7. Madagascar, East and South-east Africa. Tristellateia Thouars SUBORDER POLYGALINEAE FAMILY 120. POLYGALACEAE Leaves simple, entire. Inflorescence racemose, bracteolate. Flowers ir- regular. Sepals 5, the two inner usually petal-like. Petals 3—5, more or less adnate to the staminal tube, the lowest more or less concave and boat-shaped. Stamens 5—8. Filaments more or less united. Anthers attached by the base, at length one-celled, opening towards the apex. Ovary superior, I—3-celled. Ovule ı in each cell, pendulous, inverted. Style simple or 2-cleft, usually curved and flattened. — Genera 6, species 240. (Plate 78.) I. Petals 5, all well-developed, ines Da Stamens 5. a 2—3- celled. Br... ere hin Petals 3, 4, or 5, ito: of Syhickl are rudimentary ee gi 8. Ovary 1—2-celled. ee. 3 2. Petals unequal, clawed, the ddwest BR ei Schale pi Fruit a drupe. Seeds ellipsoid. — Species 3. West Africa. They yield timber, edible fruits, and medicaments. . . . . Carpolobia Don Petals subequal, sessile, the lowest not boat-shaped. Stigma puncti- form. Fruit anut. Seeds globose. — Species 4. West Africa. (Under Carpolobia Don) . . ..:9 2," RAtroxime Stapr 3. Ovary I-celled ; a second ER cell Kuthetiihet present. Stigma entire or lobed. Sepals unequal. Concave petal with an appendage. Stamens 8. Fruit a winged nut. Seeds without an aril, exalbuminous. Shrubs or trees. — Species 3. Central and South Africa. They yield bast-fibres, soap-bark, oily seeds, and medicinal drugs; the roots are said to be poisonous. (Lophostylis Hochst.) (Plate 78.) Securidaca L. Ovary 2-celled. Fruit acapsuleoradrupe . . „PC re 4. Sepals subequal. Concave petal with an dppeddebes käme 7, rarely 8. Style almost straight. Fruit a capsule. Seeds with an aril, al- buminous. — Species 60. South Africa to Nyasaland. Muraltia Neck. Sepals unequal, the two inner usually wing-like. . . . ae 5. Fruit a drupe. Seeds albuminous. Style almost Haiti ‘Starters 73 rarely 8. Filaments united quite or nearly to the top. Concave DICHAPETALACEAE. FLOW. PL. AFR. Pl. 79. Jj. Fleischmann del, Dichapetalum leucosepalum Ruhl. A Flowering branch. B Flower C Flower cut lengthwise. D Cross-section of ovary. EUPHORBIACEAE. FLOW. PL. AFR Pl. 80. J. Fleischmann del. Phyllanthus floribundus Mull. Arg. A Flowering branch. B Male flower. C Stamens and disc. D Fruit. E Female flower cut lengthwise. F Cross-section of ovary. 120. POLYGALACEAE — 121. DICHAPETALACEAE — I22. EUPHORBIACEAE 309 petal with an appendage. Shrubs. — Species 1. South Africa (Cape Colony). The fruits are edible. (Mundtia Kunth). Mundia Kunth Fruit a capsule. Stamens $, rarely 6 or 7. — Species 170. Some of them yield fibres or fat from the seeds, others serve as ornamental or mearcmmar plants, Millkwort.” . . . 2...) Polygala L. SUBORDER DICHAPETALINEAE FAMILY 121. DICHAPETALACEAE Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, undivided, stipulate. Inflorescence _cymose. Sepals 4—5, imbricate in bud. Petals 4—5, usually 2-cleft. Disc present, but sometimes reduced to separate glands. Stamens 5, sometimes only 2—3 fertile. Anthers opening inwards. Ovary 2—3-celled, usually superior. Ovules 2 in each cell, pendulous, inverted; raphe ventral. Style 2—3-cleft or undivided with 2—3 stigmas. Fruit a nut or drupe. Seeds I—2, exalbuminous. — Genera 2, species 75. Tropical and South Africa. (CHATELETIACEAE.) (Plate 79.) Petals unequal, united below into a long tube, 2-cleft, imbricate in bud. Sepals united below, unequal. Fertile stamens 2—3. Disc semi- annular. — Species 2. Central Africa. . . . . . Tapura Aubl. Petals equal, free or united at the base, rarely higher. Fertile stamens 5. -—— Species 75. Tropical and South Africa. Some are poisonous. (Chailletia DC.) (Plate 79.) . . . . . Diehapetalum Thouars SUBORDER TRICOCCAE FAMILY 122, EUPHORBIACEAE Flowers unisexual. Stamens hypogynous, rarely (Bridelia) perigynous. Anthers 2-celled. Ovary superior or naked, usually 3-celled. Ovules solitary in each cell, or 2 side by side, pendulous, inverted ; raphe ventral ; micropyle usually covered by an outgrowth of the placenta. Fruit generally separating into 3 dehiscing mericarps. Seeds usually albuminous ; embryo axile, radicle superior. — Genera 122, species 1200. (Including DAPHNIPHYLLA- CEAE.) (Plate 8o.) I. Ovule ı in each ovary-cell. [Subfamily CROTONOIDEAE.| . . 2 Ovules 2 in each ovary-cell. Juice not milky. [Subfamily PHYLLANTHOI- DEAE] ..: ... BO 2. Inflorescence consisting Br rl ee the. a of a single flower and containing one female flower and several or many male ones surrounded by a lobed involucre with glandular appendages. Petals none. Stamen ı. Ovary 3—4-celled. Juice milky. [Tribe EUPHORBIEAR. : .. |. 3 Inflorescence not consisting of Sarl gules ences ng like a Eee FE camer SAUREN A nn came eg a eee ee 310 3. Io. Jar, I22. EUPHORBIACEAE Male flowers with a cupular, entire or 3—6-lobed perianth. Female flowers with a 3—4-toothed or -cleft perianth. Treesorshrubs.. . 4 Male fewer without a pertanth. . 3. 3). 0.060 era SE Involucre of the partial inflorescences split at one side and consisting of 4 or more bracts. Ovary 3-celled. Style 3- or 6-cleft. Trees. — Species 3. Tropics. Poisonous and used medicinally. . . Anthostema Juss. Involucre closed all round and consisting of 4 bracts. Ovary 4-celled. Style 4-parted. — Species 3. Equatorial West Africa. Dichostemma Pierre Involucre of the partial inflorescences with unequal lobes and with an appendage, in the axil of which the glands are inserted. Shrubs. — Species 2. Madagascar. . . . . . . Pedilanthus Neck. Involucre with equal lobes, but Eh E surrounded by a one-sided 15016 a SA Me he en Involucre irregular, with a single gland sometimes embracing the partial inflorescence and split at one sideonly.. . . . eee Involucre regular, with several glands sometimes sites into a ring or os Pe, ee eS eee Involucre with a’ narrow gland not enveloping the partial inflorescence. Female flowers with a perianth. Bracts subtending the involucres united high up. Spiny shrubs. — Species 1. East Africa. Stenadenium Pax Involucre with a broad gland enveloping the partial inflorescence. Herbs. 8 Female flowers with a perianth. Bracts subtending the involucres united at the base. — Species 2. East Africa. (Under Monadenium Pax). Lortia Rendle Female flowers without a perianth. Bracts subtending the involucres united high up. — Species 10. Central Africa. . . Monadenium Pax . Glands of the involucre united into a ring or cup. — Species 10. Tropical and South-east Africa. Some are poisonous. . . Synadenium Boiss. Glands:of the involucre separate, „nl: Yo eat Br ve bere A Fruit a drupe. — Species I. West Africa. (Under Euphorbia L.) Elaeophorbia Stapf Fruit a capsule. — Species 320. Many of them are poisonous, some yield timber, gum, rubber, oil, and medicaments, or serve as garden- or mage-plants. Spurge. MN ALKENE TO, Euphorbia L. (2.) Filaments bent inwards in the bud. Calyx 4—6-partite, imbricate or subvalvate in bud. Corolla present, at least in the male flowers. Inflorescence spike- or raceme-like. Leaves and young shoots clothed with scales or stellate hairs. — Species 100. Tropical and South Africa. Several species are poisonous, some yield gum-lac, incense-wood, oil, and medicaments, or serve as ornamental plants. {Tribe CROTON- 9) i, a et ee sg) fy, Filaments straight in the bud ee COR dee o>) 3. 2 I2: 13: 14. 15 16. ry: 18. 19. I22. EUPHORBIACEAE SEE Calyx of the male flowers with valvate or closed aestivation. [Especially Pepe AG MEA ELE AM seit in ware os! selec ae ER Calyx of che male flowers with imbricate or open aestivation. . . . 59 Pomouceaneseniinithednale flowensis jody alu iweilllie «ioe. i. IG Corolla absent in the male flowers. . . - 24 Petals of the male flowers more or less ana, an Re cup- shaped or wanting. Style-branches 2. Flowers dioecious. Hairy undershrubs, shrubs, or trees. 15 Petals of the male flowers free from each alles bi une (Caperonia) adnate to the staminal tube; in this case rasen pistil club- shaped and style with many branches. . ET Petals united high up. Calyx bursting lat as i 5 glands alternating with the petals. Stamens 12—20. Rudimentary pistil absent. Climbing shrubs with reddish-brown hairs. Leaves 3—7- nerved. Flowers in» panicles. — Species 5. West Africa. Fibre- yielding plants. . . ‘ . . Manniophyton Muell. Arg. Petals united at the Be dale Calpe 4—5-parted. Stamens 4—5. Undershrubs or trees... Se alah s, 276 Flowers 4-merous. Anthers raed are. En Aes the stamens. Trees. Leaves 3-nerved. Young shoots with rusty-brown _ hairs. Flowers in panicles. — Species 1. West Africa (Cameroons). Schubea Pax Flowers 5-merous. Anthers turned outwards. Glands alternating with the stamens; a cupular disc also present within them. Undershrubs. Young shoots with white hairs. Flowers in axillary clusters. — Species 1. East Africa (Somaliland). . . . . « Gilgia Pax Style many-cleft. Rudimentary pistil of fhe Soh flowers club-shaped. Stamens 5—10, united below. Petals adnate to the staminal tube. Disc indistinct. Flowers in racemes. Herbs or undershrubs, usually hispid. — Species 9. Tropics. Several species yield fibre. Caperonia St. Hil. Style 2—4-cleft. Rudimentary pistil of the male flowers 2—3-cleft or wanting. . . é ao 1 Stem herbaceous or ude at ie I sale Hains or ey) Flowers in racemes, monoecious. Male flowers without a disc. — Species7. North- ern and tropical Africa. Some are poisonous or yield dyes and medica- ments. “ Turnsole.”” (Tournesolia Scop.) . . Chrozophora Neck. Stem woody. Male flowers usually with a disc reduced to separate glands. 19 Young branches and leaves clothed with scales. Inflorescence spicate or racemose. Flowers dieocious. Stamens 15—20. — Species 12. West Africasusa: . . . . Crotonogyne Muell.Arg. Young branches = ER Be downy, or clothed with star-like hairs. Inflorescence spicate, racemose, or paniculate; in the two fommer:cases stamens 6-14. iyi. ale treu «- bsilee pe 920 I22. EUPHORBIACEAE 20. Young branches and leaves clothed with 2-cleft or star-like hairs. Trees. 22. D WwW 28. 29. Leaves palmately nerved. Flowers in panicles, monoecious. Stamens 8—20.. Fruit a drupe. — Species 2. Cultivated and naturalized in the tropics. They yield timber, gum-lac, tanning bark, dye-stuffs, and edible oily seeds (“candle-nuts”) . . . . . Aleurites Forst. Young branches and leaves clothed with simple hairs, or glabrous. Shrubs. Inflorescence spicate or racemose, more rarely as ie but then leaves pinnately nerved. Fruitacapsule . . . 21 . Flowers in panicles, dioecious. Calyx 2—3-partite in edhe chides AörEre 4-partite in the female. Corolla in the female flowers falling off very early, or wanting. Stamens numerous, free. Male flowers without a rudimentary pistil. Branches downy, at least when young. — Species 2. West Atrica (Cameroons) MC” ARE IT. Aly FRWIGEOTRETR Flowers in spicate or racemose inflorescences. Stamens 6—13.. . 22 Flowers monoecious. Calyx 5-partite. Stamens 10, united at the Bese Anthers attached by the back. Male flowers without a rudimentary pistil. Branches glabrous. — Species I. Madagascar and Comoro Islands. ge :ishies* wech stoves’ end Sera TT 0.80 Flöwersdioeeious, 92!) 6 234480 DOs, BIT. AOTo D1. Oi . Branches glabrous. Anther-halves suspended from the connective. — Species 2. West Africa and Comoro Islands. . Agrostistachys Dalz. Branches hairy. Styles 2-cleft. Leaves stalked. — Species 2. East Atriea,!b 20 . 0) 2b HokearPaz 24. (13.) Styles ea to eat the middle or befand , COQU URS Si Styles free or united at the base only. . . . «| isc) ee Styles united nearly to the top into a usually Ha orig 1 ee Styles united about to the middle, undivided. Ovary 3-celled. te SR . Calvx of the female flowers entire or shortly toothed. Anthers 3—4-celled. Ovary I—2-, rarely 3-celled. Trees or shrubs. — Species 50. Tropical and South Africa. (Including Mappa Juss.) . . Macaranga Thouars oF of the female flowers 4—12-partite. Anthers 2-celled. Ovary 3--4-,rarely5-celled. . . . . SIE 7. Flowers dioecious. Calyx of the male fewer 4 EN ‘Dey 4-celled, winged. Style rather long, columnar, with a 4-lobed stigma. Seeds with an outgrowth at the hilum. Trees. — Species I. West Africa (Cameroons). 1) SOP OAL SUR Qui, OR a etracarpi diene Flowers monoecious. Calyx of the female flowers 5—12-, rarely 4-partite. Seeds usually without an outgrowth. . . . . NS 26 Calyx of the male flowers 3-partite, of the female aa AR teak Stamens 3, with united filaments. Ovary 3-celled. Style united into a globose body. Climbing shrubs. Flowers in spikes. — Species I. Mada- gascar. . . . . . Sphaerostylis Baill. Calyx of the male Bowers por: patti schen 430° ner. SO sae Stamens 4—6. Rudimentary pistil of the male flowers columnar. Ovary 3-eelled. - Trees or shrubs, with stellate hairs. Leaves undivided, 30. 31. 32: 33- 34. 35. 36. 37: 38. I22. EUPHORBIACEAE 313 palmately nerved. Flowers in spikes. — Species 1. Madagascar and Comoro Islands. (Including Niedenzua Pax) . Adenochlaena Baill. Stamens 8—30, inserted upon an elevated receptacle. Rudimentary pistil none. Shrubs or undershrubs, usuaily climbing. . . . . 30 Flowers in cymes surrounded by two large, brightly coloured bracts. Anther-halves parallel. Style columnar. — Species 15. Tropical and South Africa. Some are used for un in medicine, or as ornamental plants. halinı <3 . . . Dalechampia L. Flowers in racemes, a conspicuous Br satel Anther-halves spreading. Climbing plants. Leaves undivided. — Species 5. Central and South er ala en: ta has pag Plukepetia: L. Stem herbaceous or woody at the base only, usually climbing, often with stinging hairs. Stamens 3, rarely more. — Species 45. Tropical and South Africa. Some are used medicinally. (Including Ctenomeria ha tiy.j0%7 0! 5, en ae Sree Be vs Stem woody Uhronbhene Stamens numerous, free. — Species 20. Tropics. The fruits of some species are used for tanning. . . Pyenocoma Benth. (24.) Filaments repeatedly branched. Anther-halves numerous, separate, globose. Tall herbs or shrubs. Leaves palmately lobed. Flowers monoecious. — Species I (R. communis L., castor-oil-plant). Spon- taneous in the tropics, naturalized in other parts of Africa. An orna- mental plant ie ak fibre, fodder, and poisonous oily seeds used in mrecicrmme, „+. 2 ULB], Rese. 6S eelRieinus Jc. Filaments not ehe er har. Dede. ST rg Anther-halves plainly separate, oblong or linear, often twisted. Filaments 6—20, free. Styles free, usually divided. Trees or shrubs.. . . 34 Anther-halves contiguous or nearly so, oblong toglobular. . . . . 35 Bracts of the female flowers leaf-like. Sepals of the female flowers 3—5, small. Stamens usually 8. Disc none. Male flowers spicate, female spicate, paniculate, or solitary. — Species 80. Tropical and South Africa. Some are used as ornamental or medicinal plants. . . Acalypha L. Bracts of the female flowers small. Sepals of the female flowers 4—6, broad. Disc absent in the male flowers, flat and lobed in the female. Flowers spicate. — Species 4. West Africa. . . . . Mareya Baill. Anthers 2-celled, at least after opening. . . eta so, AO Anthers 3—4-celled, even after opening. Trees or chee 5 Anther-halves oblong, attached lengthwise or above the middle. . . 37 Anther-halves ovoid or globose, attached by the base or the tip, rarely in RENTE At (a, PR NEE ER ia ne ayaa SO Prien 3:0. = Rrees OF SHTUDS) „Kine 9-41 ae ost Rp GAS SERDALKGN ale gph Tan al ah Ark u. are ed Calyx valvate in bud. Stamens 5—10; filaments united throughout. Rudimentary pistil exceeding the staminal tube. Styles very short, 2-lobed. Trees. Leaves 3-foliolate. Flowers in panicles, monoecious. 314 I22. EUPHORBIACEAE — Species 2. Cultivated in the tropics. They yield rubber (para-rubber): (Sephomta*"Sciireb.) . . . . .. + . Hevea Aubl. Calyx closed in bud. Stamens exiting Gikiitinkts free or united at the base only. Styles distinctly developed. Leaves simple, undivided. 39 39. Male flowers with a rudimentary pistil. Stamens 6—10. Filaments free, bent twice. Styles divided into many branches. Flowers monoecious. Shrubs with stellate hairs. . . 2 5 pithy? a 7 00 Male flowers without a rudimentary oil; Filaments united at the base. Styles undivided or with 2 branches. Flowers usually dioecious. . 41 40. Sepals of the female flowers 6, entire, united halfway up. Styles free. — Species 1. Island of Socotra. (Under Cephalocroton Hochst.) Cephalocrotonopsis Pax Sepals of the female flowers pinnately dissected. Styles united at the base. — Species 8. East Africa to Transvaal, Madagascar, and German South-west Africa. . . . . . Cephaloeroton Hochst. 41. Styles at first united, finally files Sebi with an outgrowth at the hilum. Glabrous shrubs. Leaves 3—5-nerved at the base. Male inflorescences catkin-like, springing from the old wood. — Species 5. Tropics. Some yieldidye-stuffs,,. ‚iur. oo: . . . Lepidoturus Baill. Styles free or nearly so. Seeds bith an AT Male inflorescences spike- or panicle-like, axillary. . . : 094 Dae 42. Styles united at the base, two-cleft. eh le Be, — Species 2. Madagascar. u Orfilea Baill., under Alchornea Swartzjkm. Hltıy, : . . . Lautembergia Baill. Styles free, Rieiviied: — Splaches; 10. Ries to Delagoa Bay. Some of them yield dye-stutis. . . . . . . Alehornea Swartz 43. (37.) Styles laciniate. Ovary nearly aortas Disc in the male flowers consisting of glands situated outside the stamens, in the female in- distinct. Sepals 5. Trees. Leaves penninerved, without stipules. Flowers dioecious, the male in clusters arising from the old wood, the female in axillary racemes. — Species I. East Africa. Crotonogynopsis Pax Styles two-cleft or undivided, but usually ciliate within. Ovary usually hairy. Disc indistinct in the male flowers. Sepals 2---4, very rarely 5. Flowers in spikesiör panicles. 0st. ‘fea: mern N. MRS HERE TWOSSIEEE, ge gl oe om vies on cae et an ee Styles undivided. EN DE IO GWE tees a, "S15 ee 45. Flowers dioecious, in panicles. Calyx of the male flowers 2-partite. Disc indistinct. Plants clothed with stellate hairs. Leaves palminerved. — Spezies, Central’ Airicayv ary yon, Neoboutonia Muell. Arg. Flowers monoecious, all or the female in spikes. Calyx of the male flowers 4—5-partite. Disc distinctly developed in the female flowers. Trees. Leaves penninerved. . . 46 46. Disc of the female flowers Sach Styles | dalek rent ae short. Stipules lanceolate, persistent. — Species 1. West Africa. Necepsia Prain 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. ou D 53- 54. 55: 122. EUPHORBIACEAE 315 Disc of the female flowers cupular. Styles awl-shaped. Leafstalk very short. Stipules awl-shaped, deciduous. Spikes unisexual. — Species r. Madagascar. (Under Alchornea Swartz) . . . . . Palissya Baill. Calyx of the male flowers 2-partite. Stamens numerous. Styles thickish, united at the base. Shrubs. Leaves narrow, penninerved. Flowers in axillary spikes, monoecious. -— Species 1. Equatorial West Africa. Neopyenocoma Pax Kalyzorthermale flowersi3——5-partite u 2... wol land u) Vo 1148 Flowers in leaf-opposed spikes, monoecious. Calyx 4-partite. Styles 4. Stem herbaceous. Leaves broad. — Species 2. Southern West Africa MAmbeland).1l-i.)4: = ic = oh tape Pseudotragia Pax Flowers in axillary or terminal ee or len Stem woody. . . 49 Leaves narrow, penninerved. Flowers monoecious, in spikes. Calyx of the male flowers 3-partite. Styles thin. — Species I. Central BEIHICE. pec tis . . . -Argomuellera Pax Leaves broad, vllminarved. Figwets ey dioecious. — Species IO. Tropical and South Africa. (Including Echinus Lour.) Mallotus Lour. (36.) Anther-halves attached at the middle. Stamens 6—12. Calyx 5-partite. Ovary 3-celled. Styles 3, united at the base, 2-cleft. Herbs. Flowers in cymes. — Species 8. South Africa. (Including Para- denocline Muell. Arg.) . . . . . Adenocline Turcz. Anther-halves attached at the pace or the HR Styles undivided or many- nr, Ina ales Yu pee OE Anther-halves Attached v ithe top, De entlous. eins downwards. Styles 2, rarely 3, undivided. Herbsor undershrubs.. . . . . 52 Anther-halves attached at the base, erect, spreading upwards . . . 54 . Stamens 8&—20. Disc of the female flowers reduced to two scales. Calyx 3-partite. Leaves opposite. — Species 3. North Africa; also intro- duced in South Africa. Used as dye-plants, pot -herbs, and in medicine. RAD ee np ee ts.) yO RIALS. Le, Stamens 2—7. Discnone. Flowers monoecious. Leaves alternate. . 53 Calyx of the female flowers 3-partite. Stamens 2—3. Leaves narrow, entire. Flowers in clusters. — Species I. South Africa. Seidelia Baill. Calyx of the female flowers reduced to a single scale or absent. Stamens 4—7. Leaves broad, more or less toothed. Flowers in racemes. — Species 2. South Altica. . . . . . . . Leidesia Muell. Arg. Stem herbaceous. Flowers monoecious. Calyx of the female flowers imbricate in bud. Stamens 3—10. Disc of the female flowers reduced to 3—4 linear scales. Ovary Fe Styles undivided. — Species Ben Cenerab Atıca. . | .. . *„. "Mierocoeca Benth. Stem woody. Flowers HE ears vage monoecious, but then calyx of the female flowers valvate in bud. Ovary 2—3-celled. . . . . 55 Styles undivided. Disc of the female flowers entire or lobed. Stamens 5 or more, usually numerous. — Species 25. Tropical and South Africa. 316 56. 57: 58. 59: 60. DE 62. I22. EUPHORBIACEAE Several species yield timber or are used in medicine. Claoxylon Juss. Styles many-cleft. Stamens 3—12. Flowers dioecious. Shrubs. Stip- RAR ew. ony Fe SUT 14a) Eee Disc of the female flowers consisting of numerous, more or less ciliate scales; also 3 staminodes present. Sepals of the female flowers broad. Ovary 3-celled. Fruit a 3-celled capsule. Female flowers in pendulous spikes. — Species I. Southern West Africa. . . Poggeophyton Pax Disc of the female flowers consisting of 2 narrow scales; no staminodes. Fruit a drupe. Female flowers in clusters. — Species 8. Central a lice 6... VEREIN Erythrococea Benth. (35.) Disc of the female flowers formed of 3 petal-like scales. Styles recurved, appressed to the ovary, united at the base, 2-cleft. Ovary 3-celled. Stamens 3. Anthers 4-celled. Flowers dioecious, the male ones in spikes, the female solitary or 2—3 together. Leaves pinnately nerved. — Species 3. West Africa. Yielding timber. Hasskarlia Baill. Disc absent. Styles erect or aaa Flowers in spikes, racemes, or paureres.) Slay f ER N NET THE Calyx of the iemale [yeaa 3—5- alte. Stamens numerous. Anthers 4-celled. Ovary 2—3-celled. Styles long and thin, 2-parted. Seed- coat leathery. Trees or shrubs. Inflorescence spicate or racemose. — Species 3. Central Airiea:.7.'* 2 eae Cleidion Blume Calyx of the female flowers entire or cone toothed. Connective not prolonged. Ovary 1—2-, rarely 3-celled. Styles undivided, usually short and thick. Seed-coat crustaceous. Leaves usually palmately nerved. (See °26.) 70 im yrs epee, OS ie 0)! Weearane Ar 112.) Corolla present in the male Gowers...) . >... -.s N, 2 one Corolla absent in the male lowers . .. 3 yn a 7 Flowers in corymb- or panicle-like inflorescences composed of cymes, nearly always monoecious. Stamens 5 or more, all or the outer opposite the petals, all or the inner united below. [Tribe JATROPHEAE.]. 61 Flowers solitary or in clusters or panicles, dioecious. Stamens free, but often inserted on a stalk-like process of the receptacle. Shrubs or mees...| Tribe CLULY ELAR. | i. se kare won toy) ye Flowers dioecious. Petals free. Stamens 16—17, the five outer nearly free, the inner irregularly united. Seeds without an outgrowth. Leaves undivided. — Species 2. East Africa. . . . . Neojatropha Pax Flowers monoecious. Stamens in 2—6 whorls, usually 8—r1o. Seeds with an outgrowth at the hilum. — Species 50. Central and South Africa ; two species cultivated and naturalized in the tropics. Several species yield gum, oil, and medicaments ; some are poisonous or used as garden- or hedge-plants. . . NS Be all cote fie pope wos 3p | kata Stamens 5. Male flowers with a rudimentary pistil. Petals free. Flowers solitary or in clusters in the axils of the leaves. Leaves undivided. . 63 63. 64. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 22. EUPHORBIACEAE 317 Stamens 12 or more. Male flowers without a rudimentary pistil. Flowers in panicles. ably RO Stamens opposite the RAS, ER upon a ut RER, free. Fruit a drupe. — Species 1. West Africa . . .... Mierodesmis Planch. Stamens opposite the petals, inserted upon a stalk-like receptacle. Fruit a capsule. — Species 40. South and Central Africa. Some are used as Oraamiental plants. 2: del ana 1...) » a 43 Cluytia L. Petals free. Stamens free. Fruit a capsule. ee undivided, pin- nately nerved. Shrubs. — Species 1. Equatoriai West Africa (Congo). Mildbraedia Pax Petals united below. Fruit adrupe. Leaves lobed or dissected, palmately eavecatetne base, | Tresor lim, arm aaa. Hyde altered 2p 765 . Leaves lobed. — Species 1. Madagascar. . . . . Givotia Griff. Leaves dissected. — re 3. West Africa. Yield timber and fat from Een Seeds. cys mAh“. fan eas Rieinodendron Muell. Arg. (59.) Stamens I—4, ral more, and then ovary many-celled. Disc little developed or wanting. Male flowers without a rudimentary pistil. Style-branches undivided. [Tribe HIPPOMANEAEF.] . . . . 67 Stamens 5 or more. Ovary 2—4-celled. Style-branches two-cleft or lobed. Sepals 4—8. Shrubsortrees.. . aon Acker, Stamens 8 or more. Calyx cup-shaped, diane eee Ovary many- celled. Style columnar, many-branched at the top. Fruit a capsule. Trees. Inflorescence spicate; bracts adnate to the rachis throughout their whole length, at first enclosing the flower-buds. Flowers monoec- ious. — Species I (H. crepitans L., sandbox-tree). Naturalized in the tropics. Ornamental tree, yielding oil and medicaments; the fruits are used as sand-boxes ; the juice is poisonous. sees aa Hura &: Stamens I—4. Ovary 2—4-celled. Bracts adnate to the rachis of the ‘inflorescence by their base only. . . . 768 Stamens I—3, the filaments entirely or et ER BEER Sfirdbs or trees. Flowers monoecious. . . . 69 Stamens 2—4, the filaments free or ited at the re ken Sayles free or united at the base. Ovary 2—3-celled.. . . . . «ee Calyx 3-lobed. Stamens 1—3; filaments free at the top, äntentive not broadened. Ovary 3—4-celled. Styles united high up. Fruit a cap- sule. Seeds with a large outgrowth at the hilum. Flowers in panicles. — Species 3. Central Africa. . . apts, Maprounea Aubl. Calyx 4—5-parted. Stamens 2—3 ; ee united into a short column. Anthers turned outwards. Ovary 2—3-celled. Fruit a capsule or a drupe. Seeds without an outgrowth. . . . ya KANTE Calyx-segments broad. Connective broadened, a united high up. Flowers in panicles. — Species 2. Tropics. Omphalea L. Calyx-segments narrow. Connective not broadened. Styles free or united at the base. Flowers in spikes. — Species 2. Central Africa. Excoecariopsis Pax 318 71. 72. 73- 74. 78. I22. EUPHORBJACEAE Calyx of the male flowers 2—3-toothed or -lobed. Inflorescence terminal. Bracts with two glands. Flowers monoecious. . . 72 Calyx of the male flowers 2—5- vi Fruit a capsule wifi a petals central column. . . R 73 Ripe carpels separating ER a 3- a corte! BE 2 Be an outgrowth. — Species 10. Tropical and South Africa. They yield timber ; one species (S. sebiferum Roxb.) is cultivated for its oily seeds. (Including Conosapium Muell. Arg.) . . . . Sapium P. Browne Ripe carpels separating from the base of the pericarp, leaving no central column. Seeds with an outgrowth at the hilum. — Species 5. Tropical and South Africa. Some are poisonous. . . . Stillingia L. Seeds with an outgrowth at the hilum. Flowers monoecious. Inflor- escences terminal or terminal and lateral. Leaves alternate. — Species 3. Central Africa. (Cnemidostachys Mart.) . . Sebastiania Spreng. Seeds without an outgrowth at the hilum. Flowers usually dioecious. Inflorescences usually lateral. — Species 20. Tropical and South Africa. Some are poisonous or are used as ornamental plants. (Including Taenosapium Muell. Arg.) . . . HEINE at Excoecaria L. (66.) Flowers in racemes, monoecious, with a disc. Sepals of the male flowers evidently united below. Stamens 10, free. Leaves palmately divided, sometimes alternating with undivided ones. — Species 3. Cultivated in the tropics. M. Glaziovii Muell. Arg. yields rubber, M. utilissima Pohl and M. dulcis Pax (cassava or mandioc-plants) furnish vegetables, medicaments, and edible roots, from which meal, starch (tapioca), and a spirituous drink are prepared. Manihot Adans. Flowers in glomerules, dioecious, rarely monoecious, but then without a disc. Sepals of the male flowers free or nearly so. Leaves undivided. (TrbetGELONTBA EB itt soos Sa). Lt A . Sepals 5. Filaments free. Male flowers without a disc and without a rudimentary pistil. — Species 6. Tropical and South Africa. {Cerato- phorus Sond., including Suregada Roxb.) . . . . Gelonium Roxb. Sepals of the female flowers 7—8, the inner petaloid. Filaments united. — Species 1. West Africa. . . . . . Chaetoearpus Thwait. . (t.) Calyx of the male flowers with diode aestivalion. Stamens 5—7. Male flowers with a rudimentary pistil. Shrubs ortrees.. . . . 77 Calyx of the male flowers with imbricate or open aestivation. . . . 81 . Petals absent. Disc none. Styles 2, undivided. Ovary-cells 2, each with an incomplete partition. — Species 1. West Africa. Martretia Beille Petals small. Disc outside the stamens. Styles sug Ovary-cells undivided. [Tribe BRIDELIEAE.] . . . > 2 Deas Ovarv 2-celled. Siyles 2. Stamens borne upon a Abed androphore. Leaf-veins of the third order almost parallel. . . . vlna Eee Ovary 3-celled. Styles 3. Disc of the female flowers cup- maar Fruit a capsule. Leaf-veins of the third order netted. inn er ed hoe 80. 81. 82. 84. 85. 86. 87. I22. EUPHORBIACEAE 319 . Disc of the female flowers bottle-shaped, enclosing the ovary to the top. Inflorescence paniculate. — Species I. East Africa. (Under Bridelia Willdejiowac... - . . « .Neogoetzea. Pax Disc of the female ee cate “thie ata cup-shaped, adhering to the calyx, the inner consisting of 5 scales. Fruit usually a drupe. — Species 25. Tropical and South-east Africa. Some species yield dye-stuffs. (Including Gentilia Beille) . . . . . . . Bridelia Willd. Receptacle of the male flowers elevated, niece a short androphore. — Species 10. Tropics. ote . . . Cleistanthus Hook. Receptacle not prolonged into an deenbess; Flowers clustered, dioecious. — Species 1. Madagascar and Comoro Islands. . Stenonia Baill. (76.) Anthers 4-celled, even after opening, numerous. Filaments united. Male flowers with 5 sepals and 3 valvate petals. Ovary 3—4-celled. Styles 3, undivided. Carpels enlarging and separating after the time of flowering. Downy shrubs. Leaves without stipules. Flowers in axillary glomerules. — a I. South-east Africa. [Tribe JUN- SBEBAH]. . . ce. een: Pax Anthers 2-celled, at least after opening. . ct 82 Seeds with a very small embryo. Fruit an hlene sun, y desea 2-celled. Styles 2, undivided. Male flowers with 9—ı8 free, central stamens, without a disc and without a rudimentary pistil. Corolla none. Flowers dioecious, in racemes. Trees. — Species I. West Africa. [Tribe DABEINIPHYLLEAE! .. .. .. .. #.ion/dieDaphaiphyium Blume Seeds with a large embryo. Ovary-cells and styles usually 3; if 2, then stamens 2—-6 or er a central disc. [Tribe PHYLLANTH- BABsK' + 2% } MPAA he 83 . Corolla present, at eset in ehe Ban ersot one sen...) Lop hesd)) en 84 Monol st ahisentrds. and fico me. iaaei. ill Mion ‘05 Stamens 8—ıo. Anthers opening N Sandie. pail ete carpels 4—5. Flowers dioecious, in see aes Trees. — Species I. Souti Africa. Yields timber. . . . . . . . Heywoodia Sim Stamens 4—5. [Subtribe ANDRACHNINAE. 3 ars a} ics 85 Flowers 3-merous, dioecious. Petals exceeding the nal in the male flowers, absent in the female. Male flowers without a rudimentary pistil. Stamens 6, each surrounded at the base by a gland; anthers opening transversely. .Ovary 4—5-celled. Shrubs. Flowers in glo- merules. — Species 1. East Africa (Somaliland). . Briechettia Pax Flowers 4—6-merous. Male flowers with arudimentary pistil . . . 86 Ovary 5-celled. Styles 5, two-cleft. Disc cup-shaped, lobed in the male flowers, entire in the female. Stamens inserted upon a short androphore. Petals exceeding the sepals. Flowers fascicled, monoecious. Shrubs. — Species 1. Seychelles. (Under Savia Willd.) . . Wielandia Baill. Ovary 3-celled. Styles or sessilestigmas3. . . . . . 2 9s « 87 Smmes very, Short, dndivideditwiowe scenic). worl .x yo oo B88 Spyies wellievelapned,two-eft., . 5 „hebivihng olpre sauna. 90 320 88. 80. 90. gl. 92. 94. 122. EUPHORBIACEAE Flowers monoecious, in spikes or fascicles. Petals short. Rudimentary pistil 3-lobed. Stigmas thick. Seeds solitary in each cell, exalbuminous, with thick-fleshy cotyledons. Trees or shrubs. — Species 6. Tropics. Amanoa Aubl. Flowers dioecious, in panicles. Fruit a loculicidal capsule. Trees. . 89 Panicles terminal. Petals small. Disc of the male flowers of separate glands. Rudimentary pistil obconical, flattened at the top. Seeds with a spongy coat, scanty albumen, and flat cotyledons. — Species 2. Equatorial regions. . . . 03737 Megabaria Pierre Panicles axillary. Petals large. Biss pr ae male flowers cupular. Rudi- mentary pistil narrowed above. Seeds with copious albumen. — Species 1. Equatorial West Africa. . . . . Centroplacus Pierre Stamens inserted upon a prolonged, stalk-like receptacle. Petals shorter than the sepals. Disc and ovary densely woolly. Seeds with scanty albumen and folded cotyledons. Shrubs. Flowers dioecious, the male ones fascicled, the female solitary. — Species 1. South Africa. Lachnostylis Turcz. Stamens inserted upon a receptacle which is not stalk-like. . . . . Of Stamens inserted upon the disc. Seeds exalbuminous, with folded cotyle- dons. Trees or shrubs. Flowers in fascicles. — Species 1. Equatorial West Africa. (Pentabrachium Muell. Arg.) . . . Actephila Blume Stamens inserted inside the disc round the rudimentary aa Seeds with copious albumen. . . niga Male flowers without a corolla, BE 4 weh BR és RER Female flowers with 2 sepals and 5 petals. Flowers dioecious, the male in glomerules, the temale solitary. Shrubs or trees. — Species I. West Aamaca (Congo)! «xe gac m . . . . Neochevaliera Beille Male flowers with a corolla, rarely wwithoue but then with 5 sepals and 5 stamens. Flowers dioecious, the male in sare racemes or panicles, or monoecious. . . ; J eID Ve, 2 . Lobes of the disc sikenrmtias Be A BRNO Flowers monoecious, in glo- merules or the female solitary. Shrubs. — Species 8. Madagascar and neighbouring islands. (Under Savia Willd.). . Petalodiseus Baill. Lobes of the disc opposite the petals. Male flowers in spikes, racemes, or SE RE a learn Lebens «ite a Flowers monoecious. Anther-halves adnate lengthwise. Rudimentary pistil of the male flowers columnar or 3-partite. Styles short. Herbs, undershrubs, or shrubs. — Species 6. . . . . . Andrachne L. Flowers dioecious. Anther-halves at first suspended from the thick con- nective. Rudimentary pistil thick, usually obovate. Styles long. Shrubs or trees. — Species 9. West Africa and Madagascar. Thecacoris Juss. . (83.) Leaves digitate. Male flowers in glomerules, with a 5—8-partite calyxs’ Trees. >: [Subtribe. BISCHOFIINAB, ] (Wick mm ea Leaveswimplerundivided..' „ u „Alwin Jay ie ee 122. EUPHORBIACEAE 321 96. Leaflets 1—3. Flowers monoecious. Stamens 14—15. — Species I. Southern West Africa (Angola)... . . . . . Aristogeitonia Prain Leaflets 5—7. Flowers dioecious. Stamens 4—10.. . . se GY 97. Leaves opposite. Leaflets stalked. Fruit a capsule. — Sestcics I. West Africa. Yields timber (African teak) . . . . . Oldfieldia Hook. Leaves alternate. Leaflets sessile. Male flowers with a 6—8-cleft calyx ‘and 6—8 stamens. Female flowers solitary, with 3 bracteoles, a disc consisting of 6—7 scales, a 2-celled ovary, and 2 short, thick, undivided styles. Fruit a drupe. — Species I. Southern West Africa (Angola). Paivaeusa Welw. 98. Leaves opposite or whorled. Flowers dioceious, the male in fascicles or panicles, the female solitary. Stamens numerous. Disc none. Fruit acapsule. Trees. [Subtribe Eee PL (098 Leaves alternate. . . ; RN. TOO 99. Sepals 2—5. Stamens iicebted upon a alle rik recente Styles united high up. — Species I. Southern East Africa (Mosambic). Yields timber. er . . . Androstachys Prain Sepals 5—12. Stamens RER upon a flat receptacle. Styles united at the base only. — Species I. South Africa (Cape Colony). Fruit poisonous. ‘Hyaenanche Lamb.) . . . . Toxicodendron Thunb. 100. Male flowers in catkins, spikes, racemes, or panicles, more rarely in heads or umbels with a calyx-like involucre. Flowers dioecious, [Subtribe ANTIDESMINAE.] . . . EOL Male flowers in axillary len ee or ag! ne mes, eal in umbels without an involucre. . . ar Er ror. Male flowers in umbels or heads with a ge like savohiede fenele solitary. Male flowers without a disc, but with a rudimentary pistil. Stamens 4—5. Ovary 2—4 celled. Styles branched. Fruit fleshy, indehiscent. Trees. — Species 30. Tropics. Some yield timber or edible fruits. Uapaca Baill. Male flowers in spikes racemes or panicles without aninvolucre. . . 102 102. Ovary I-celled.. Fruitadrupe. Treesorshrubs. . . . « « -« 103 Ovary 2—5-celled. . . . Pe ta? ee 103. Styles 3, 2-lobed. Male Howes ith a a eae 2—5. — Species 25. Tropical and South-east Africa. Some yield timber and dye- SEINES: 267 N, ©L Se SR Antidesma L. Style 1, undivided. Male ern alle ae a dae >» HEHE Io4. Sepals in the male flowers 3—5. Stamens 3—5. Dis of the female flowers ring-shaped. — Species 2. Madagascar. . Cometia Thouars Sepals in the male flowers 6—8. Stamens numerous. Disc none. — Species I. Equatorial West Africa. The seeds yield oil. Plagiostyles Pierre 105, Ovary 2-celled. Male flowers with a rudimentary pistil. Trees or Shrumes 2" th7'a, KEN Of OR KETTE BET DS 20 Dae VE Ovary 3-, rarely Be coated. Hl a Ce ts Lea ea a eS x 322 106. 108, Log. IIO. LET. 121.2, II3. II4. 115, II. I22. EUPHORBIACEAE Ovary and fruit winged. Styles long, undivided. Disc none. Stamens 4—6. — Species 12. Central and South Africa. . Hymenocardia Wall. Ovary and fruit not winged. Styles short. . . . SRRAREDE . Disc in the male flowers consisting of 5 scales, in the Sanaa cup-shaped,, entire. Stamens 5. Fruit one-seeded. — Species 4. West Africa and Upper Wale: ie, sss Sy bapa Maesobotrya Benth. Disc, especially in the fae ec ‘little developed or absent. Styles shortly lobed. Fruit several-seeded. — Species 10. West Africa. Baccaurea Lour. Disc indistinct or wanting. Styles short, very shortly lobed. (See 107.) Baccaurea Lour. Disc distinctly developed. Stamens 4—5.. . . . . 109 Disc entire or nearly so. Styles undivided, united high up. N Redigiaene pistil salver-shaped. Shrubs. — Species 1. Equatorial regions. Baccaureopsis Pax Disc lobed or divided. Styles more or less deeply two-cleft. . . . IIO Stem ‘herbaceous.or woody at the base only.. Stipules hair-like. Flowers very small. Rudimentary pistil salver-shaped. Styles free, thick, 2- cleft. — Species 5. Central Africa. . . Cyathogyne Muell. Arg. Stem woody. Rudimentary pistilnot salver-shaped. . . . .» . III Stipules large, kidney-shaped. Inflorescence springing from the old wood. Seeds with an aril. -— Species 5. West Airica. (Under Maes- obotrya Benth.) . . « ig =e F Staphysora Pierre Stipules not kidney-shaped. Fiswers a merous. Anther-halves at first suspended from the thickened connective. Styles long. (See 94.) . | Thecacoris Juss. (100.) Styles or sessile stigmas much broadened, sometimes wholly united. Flowers dioecious. Disc present. Fruit indehiscent. Trees or shrubs. [Subtribe DRYPETINAE.] . . ee Styles or style-branches rather ‘ina or Board at the apex brite [Sub- tribe PHYLLANTHINAE.] . . ; A ahi? PIEIS Stamens 3. Ovary I- celled. Sn Hella nearly sessile. Disc cup- shaped in the male flowers, ring-shaped in the female. Sepals unequal. — Species I. West Africa. 2 een. en | SED Stamens 4 OL MOLe::. „na wins ee ue SR 2 Fruit I-seeded. Ovary 1—2-celled. Stamens usually 4. — Species 4. Gentral Africa. . .:.. EEE Drypetes Vahl Fruit 2—4-seeded. Mette Sac eElled. Ber usually numerous. — Species 20. Tropical and South Africa. . . . Cyelostemon Blume Male flowers with a rudimentary pistil and a disc usually divided into glands: iu. . er Male flowers than! a ie aah eRe 00) Tht fae ot tel Receptacle of the male flowers prolonged into an androphore. Stamens 56, Shrubs)undershrubs, or herbs. Fan «ip Ye. 6 ri: 118. IIQ. I20. 12T: 122. EUPHORBIACEAE 323 Receptacle not prolonged into an androphore. Disc of the male flowers divided into glands alternating with the sepals, rarely entire. Seeds without an outgrowth at the hilum. Shrubsandtrees. . . . . 118 Disc of the male flowers nearly entire, of the female divided into 5 glands alternating with the sepals. Fruit a drupe. Seeds with an outgrowth at the hilum. Shrubs. Male inflorescence many-flowered. — Species 3 Wentrval Africa. .. . . . . Pseudolachnostylis Pax Disc of the male flowers . Er or led into 5 glands opposite the sepals. Fruit a capsule. Seeds without an outgrowth at the hilum. Flowers imonoecivus, fascicled. — Species 4. Central Africa. Cluytiandra Muell. Arg. Disc of the male flowers slightly lobed. Styles undivided. Flowers monoecious, large. Stipules large. — Species 1. German East Africa. Zimmermannia Pax Disc of the male flowers deeply lobéd or divided. Styles two-cleft. Flowers usually dioecious. . . abs A Aa ale Anthers opening outwards. Disc of Hie ee Howe lobed. Seeds grooved on the ventral faee ;- testa thick ; embryo curved. — Species 8. Tropical and South Africa. Some yield timber. (Under Securinega ie . . . . Fiueggea Willd. Anthers opening er or erly Di of the female flowers un- divided. Seeds not grooved ; -testa thin ; embryo straight. — Species 6. Some of them yield.timber. ... »- . . . . Securinega Juss. Disc present. (ys. hs 8 AR UL Ai Do Disc absent. Shrubs or fiel: ara POR TIERE Dise of the male flowers consisting er er: gares adınale below to the sepals which consequently appear much thickened. Stamens 3. Fila- ments very short, united. Anthers opening outwards. See 2-cleft. Flowers monoecious. Herbs or undershrubs. — Species I. Madagascar and neighbouring islands. . . . . Agyneia Vent. Disc of the male flowers not adnate to the sepals ; hence sepals not much Bee am Te wae K-SRN IT LL ES IA AU EIER 2. Stamens 2—10. Styles usually two-cleft. — Species 80. Tropical and South Africa ; one species naturalized in Egypt. Some of them serve as garden- or hedge-plants or yield timber, tanning and dyeing materials, edible fruits, and medicaments. Cae Cieca L. and Pleiostemon Sand.) (Plate 80.) . . . „u, .. Phylanthus L. Stamens 12—18. Disc many- “ebed or idly pected Styles 3. Shrubs Gerthecsy Shieh ZIEL a Lia hee . Flowers monoecious. SE 5. Hise Ihe Sal ar or notched, flattened. — Species 1. Madagascar and Comoro Islands. Humblotia Baill. Flowers monoecious with 6 sepals, or dioecious with 5. Disc deeply divided. Styles two-cleft. Stipules gland-like. — Species 2. Equator- ial West Africa. . . » 2.2.2020... Lingelsheimia Pax 324 I22. EUPHORBIACEAE —— 123. CALLITRICHACEAE — 124. BUXACEAE 124. Flowers monoecious. Calyx 6-lobed. Stamens 3; filaments united ; anthers opening outwards. Male flowers in glomerules. — Species I. Naturalized in the Mascarene Islands. (Melanthesopsis Muell. Arg.) Breynia Forst. Flowers dioecious. Calyx 5-parted. Stamens 5 ; filaments free ; anthers opening inwards. Male flowers in umbels. — Species 1. Madagascar. Leptonemea Juss. FAMILY 123. CALLITRICHACEAE Herbs. Leaves opposite, simple, entire. Flowers solitary or in clusters in the leaf-axils, minute, without a perianth, but sometimes with two bracteoles, monoecious. Stamens I. Anther 2-celled. Ovary 4-celled. Ovules solitary in each cell, pendulous, inverted, with a single coat and a ventral raphe. Styles 2, free, awl-shaped. Fruit separating into 4 drupe-like mericarps. Seeds albuminous ; embryo axile. (Under HALORRHAGIDACEAE.) Genus I, species 6. North and South Africa and high mountains of Central Airica ; one species also naturalized in Madagascar and the Mascarene Islands... = ehpueit bold waber, heul ink» Alk Tua WE ORDER SAPINDALES SUBORDER BUXINEAE FAMILY 124. BUXACEAE Shrubs or trees. Juice not milky. Leaves opposite, simple, entire. Flowers in lateral fascicles heads or spikes, regular, monoecious. Perianth simple, of 4 segments in the male flowers, of 4—6 in the female. Disc absent. Stamens 4, opposite the sepals, or 6. Filaments free. Anthers 2-celled. Ovary superior, 3-celled. Ovules 2 in each cell, pendulous or nearly so, inverted, with dorsal raphe. Styles 3, free, short and thick, undivided, persisting in fruit. Fruit a loculicidal capsule. Seeds albuminous ; embryo axile, straight. — Genera 3; species 8. (Under EUPHORBIACEAE.) 1. Stamens 4; filaments long. Male flowers with a rudimentary pistil. Perianth of the female flowers of 4—6 segments. — Species 6. The box (B. sempervirens L.) is used as a garden-plant and yields wood and medicaments ; another species affords arrow-poison. [Tribe BUXEAE. ] Buxus L. Stamens 6; filaments very short or absent. Male flowers without a rudimentary pistil. Perianth of the female flowers of 4 segments. [Tribe STYLOCEREAE.] S098 eee’ s 2 2. Flowers in fascicles, the male on long pedicels, very small. Leaves nar- rowed into a long point. — Species I. Central Africa. Macropodandra Gilg Flowers in groups of 3, nearly sessile, not very small. Leaves brant or slightly pointed. — Species I. South-east Africa. . Notobuxus Oliv. 125. EMPETRACEAE — 126. CORIARIACEAE — 127. ANACARDIACEAE 325 SUBORDER EMPETRINEAE FAMILY 125. EMPETRACEAE Low shrubs. Leaves alternate, sometimes almost whorled, undivided, grooved on the under surface, without stipules. Flowers solitary or in heads, bracteolate, unisexual or polygamous. Sepals3. Petals3ornone. Stamens 3, hypogynous, opposite to the sepals, free. Disc absent. Ovary superior, 2—9- celled. Ovules solitary in each cell, erect, inverted, with ventral raphe. Style branched. Fruit a drupe. Seeds without an outgrowth at the hilum, albu- minous. Embryo axile; radicle turned downwards. — Genera 2, species 2. North and South Africa. Flowers, at least the male, crowded in terminal heads. Ovary cells, style- branches, and fruit-stones 2—5. Style with linear branches. — Species I. Canary Islands and Azores. The fruits are used as a condiment and Bi medicine: 0 ste « „ „un. GCorema, Don Flowers solitary, on fear ent: en cells, style-branches, and fruit-stones 6-—9. Style with broadened branches. — Species 1. Island of Tristan da Cunha. The fruits (crawberries) are eaten and used for preparing drinks and medicaments. ER ARE Empetrum L. SUBORDER CORIARIINEAE FAMILY 126. CORIARIACEAE Shrubs. Leaves opposite, simple, entire, 3-nerved, without stipules. Flowers in racemes, hermaphrodite or polygamous. Sepals 5, imbricate in bud. Petals shorter, fleshy, enlarged after flowering. Stamens 10. Anthers opening inwards. Carpels 5, distinct. Ovule I in each carpel, pendulous, inverted, with dorsal raphe. Fruit with a crustaceous rind, indehiscent. Seeds with scanty albumen. Genus I, species I. North-west Africa. Poisonous and used for tanning ER Mert area ttre LET, AREIEITF Boy STATE, Pe Genatia. L. SUBORDER ANACARDIINEAE FAMILY 127. ANACARDIACEAE Trees or shrubs. Juice resinous. Leaves usually alternate, without stipules. Flowers in panicles, usually polygamous. Corolla present, rarely (Pistacia) absent. Ovary superior, 1—5-celled. Ovules solitary in each cell, inverted, with dorsal raphe. Fruit usually a drupe. Albumen oi the seeds scanty or wanting. -— Genera 29, species 250. (TEREBINTHACEAE.) (Plate 81.) I. Carpel 1. Style simple, lateral; stigma entire. Funicle basal. Fertile stamen I, rarely 5. Leaves simple, entire. Trees. [Tribe MAN- GIBEREAEB.jieyit) .: ad urn Carpels 2—5, sometimes wa of fslvens Seabed itu: Style simple with a lobed stigma, or more or less deeply divided, or several free styles. Fertile stamens 3 or more. Leavesusuallycompound. . . . . 5 326 D (68) ST 127. ANACARDIACEAE . Stamen ı. Filament broad. Calyx 4-lobed. Petals 4. Disc one-sided. Leaves lanceolate, — Species 2. West Africa. The fruits are edible. (Under Mangifera L) . - - eek Fegimanra Pierre Stamens 5—10, but usually 1 only ker: “Petals eee . Fertile stamens 5. Calyx bursting irregularly. — Species 1. Madagascar. The juice is used for preparing varnishes and medicaments. Gluta L. Fertile stamen I, usualiy accompanied by 4 or 9g sterile ones, which bear Smiatanthers. Calyx 5-partite., MU Sor Or. Sn . Stamens and staminodes together 5. Disc cushion-shaped. Fruit egg- shaped, with a fleshy pericarp and a slightly thickened stalk. Leaves lanceclate. — Species I (M. indica L., mango-tree). Cultivated in the tropics. Yields timber, gum, tanning and dyeing materials, edible fruits from which a spirituous drink is prepared, starch from the seeds, and medicaments. Bf ax : . . Mangifera Burm. Stamens and staminodes together 10. ‘Disc nee Fruit kidney- shaped, with a resinous pericarp and a much thickened, fleshy stalk. Leaves obovate. — Species I (A. occidentale L., cashew-tree). Culti- vated in the tropics. Yields timber, gum, tanning and dyeing materials, oil, vermin-poison, edible seeds and fruit-stalks from which vinegar and brandy are prepared, and medicaments. . . . . Anacardium L. . (1.) Ovary with 1 fertile cell and sometimes I—2z empty and usually rudimentary ones, rarely (Protorhus) with 3 fertile cells; in this case stamens:5 and leaves simple, [Tribe RHOIDEAE.] ..,...). eee Ovary with 3—5 fertile cells. Stamens 6—15 and leaves compound, rarely stamens 5 and leaves simple, but then lan and styles 5. KRiibes3SBONDIEEAR nn. pe ee . Perianth simple, consisting of I—2 ae in ae matey ae 2—5 in the female flowers. Stamens 3—5. Style 3-cleft. Leaves compound. — Species 5, one of them only cultivated. North Africa and northern East Africa. They yield timber, tanning and dyeing materials, resins (mastic and turpentine) which are used industrially, in medicine, as fumigatories, masticatories, or condiments, and for preparing spirituous drinks, also edible oily fruits and seeds (pistachio-nuts) and various medicaments. Pistacia L. Perianth consisting of a calyx/and a'corollay) 0). .° i el Se : Style I, undivided, rarely (Mieronychia) shortly cleft at the tons or a slightly lobed sessile stigma. . . 2 1 RSS Styles 3, free or united at the base, oe bei be ah adnate to the Ovaty, Dr 3 free sessile stigmas. },. A EMO. i.) MEIN Tr leayessimple, undivided.). sr). Rie er un Ahle VE Leaves compound, pinnate. . . . IV ie . Stamens 6—10, twice as many as the Be Dr En I fertile and I sterile cell. Style absent. Trees with small flowers. — Species 2. Madagascar and Seychelles. . . . . . Campnosperma Thwait. Stamens 4—5, as many as the petals. Ovary I-celled. Style present. Io Io. IT. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. I27. ANACARDIACEAE 327 Corolla of the male flowers equalling the calyx. Disc broad, fleshy. Fila- ‘ments thread-shaped. Ovary and fruit much compressed. Style short, undivided, with a 3-lobed stigma. Shrubs. Leaves serrate. Flowers small. Female inflorescence finally with broadened branches and hardened bracts. — Species 1. South Africa (Cape Colony). ceoricaras Willd.) 0... ee Laurophyllus Thunb. Corolla much exceeding the calyx. Digs cup-shaped. Filaments broad. Ovary and fruit slightly compressed. Style long, shortly 3-cleft at the top. Trees. Leaves entire. Flowers rather large. — Species 1. Madagascar. . . 2 a: Mieronychia Oliv. Receptacle deeply a oe pees aia stamens distinctly perigynous. Calyx valvate, corolla imbricate in the bud. Stamens 5—10. Ovary sessile. Style thin. Fruit dry, indehiscent. — Species I. West AEE ICAI whl . . .- Thyrsodium Benth. Receptacle flattish or convex ; hone foatale and stamens hypogynous or nearly so. Style thick or role li ad Met - 12 . Petals imbricate in the bud; sepals imbricate. Sima 4—5, as many as the petals. Ovary and fruit with a compressed stalk. Stigma sessile. Fruit sickle-shaped, dry, indehiscent. — Species1. Madagascar. Faguetia March. Petals valvate in the bud. Stamens 5—20, usually more than petals. Ovary and fruit sessile, the latter drupaceous. — Species 20. Tropics. Some species yield timber, gum, and edible fruits. Sorindeia Thouars (7.) Ovule basal or suspended froma basal funicde. . . . . . . 14 Ovule suspended from the top or the flank of the cavity. . . . . 16 Ovule subbasal, ascending. Styles lateral, thread-shaped. Ovary com- pressed. Stamens 5, alternating with 2-cleft scales. Petals of the male flowers longer, of the female shorter than the sepals. Sepals lanceolate, enlarged in the fruit. Flowers dioecious. Leaves pinnate; stalk winged. Sasbaces bk. Sauth Almica. . ) +»... 1«:.4.»,,,, Lexostylis: Spreng. fil. Ovule suspended from the basal funicle. Styles terminal. Flowers polygamous. . . 125718 Endocarp crusty or Do elle eae feo ie mesocarp. Seed- coat thin. Leaves alternate, usually compound. — Species 100. Some of them yield timber, tanning and dyeing materials (sumac), condiments, medicaments, and edible fruits ; others are used as ornamental plants. Rhus L. Endocarp leathery, not separating from the mescarp. Seed-coat thick. Leaves undivided, narrow, with numerous parallel side-nerves. — Species 18. Tropical and South Africa. Some yield timber. (Anaphren- mae, Mey.) oe... ooh eet ce et Meera Meise, Leaves simple, undivided. Spite eM ee hs U. 000 Leaves compound, trifoliolate or pinnate. . . . 7 eee Filaments broadened. Ovary I-celled. Ovule af nie eesti Styles sickle-shaped, united at the base, with capitate stigmas. Fruit trans- ww D [02] IS. IQ. 20. 21. 23. 24. I27. ANACARDIACEAE versely oblong ; endocarp very thin. Embryo with thick cotyledons. — Species 1. Madagascar. Used medicinally. . . . Baronia Bak. Filaments awl-shaped. Ovary usually 3-celled. Ovule attached at the top of the cell. Stigmas sessile. Fruit oblong; endocarp woody. Leaves opposite or nearly so, with numerous parallel side-nerves. — Species 10. Madagascar and South-east Africa. Some species are poisonous or used medicinally... . . . . . . Protorhus Engl. Leaflets 3, toothed. Stamens 5. Ovary compressed. Styles lateral, thread-shaped. Fruit winged ; endocarp very thin, mesocarp resinous. Shrubs. — Species I. South Africa. . . Smodingium E. Mey. Leaflets 5 or more. Stylesmoreorlessterminal.. . . . . «. « IQ Stamens 4—5. Fruit with a crusty endocarp, a fibrous mesocarp, and a fleshy exocarp. Embryo with a short radicle. — Species 30. Central Africa. Some have edible fruits. (Emiliomarcelia Hel. et Th. Dur.) Trichoscypha Hook. fil. Stamens 10. Fruit with a hard endocarp, an oily mesocarp, and a parch- ment-like exocarp. Embryo with a long radicle. Shrubs. — Species 2. Cultivated in North Africa, the Cape Verde Islands, and the Mascarenes. They yield timber, resin used industrially and medicinally, tanning and dyeing materials, vinegar, syrup, and medicaments. Schinus I. (5.) Stamens 5, as many as the petals. Disc consisting of 5 scales. Styles 5. Leaves simple, undivided. — Species 2. West Africa. Spondianthus Engl. Stamens 6—15, twice as many as the petals or more. Leavescompound. 21 Petals valvateiin bed." '. be See Aue US aC Be Petalsimbricate in bud.'. : It MU S94, AT er MP . Flowers dioecious, 4-merous. Petals lanceolate, with inflexed tips. Male flowers with a sterile ovary and a simple style. Leaflets 3, serrate. — wpetics “I, “Tquatorial East’ Alien pin Spondiopsis Engl. Flowers polygamous, usually 5-merous. Petals oblong ovate or elliptical, finally recurved. Styles in the female and hermaphrodite flowers 4—5, free. Leaflets 5 or more, usually with a marginal nerve. — Species 4, two of them growing wild in equatorial West Africa, the others culti- vated in the tropics. They yield timber, gum, tanning material, medica- ments, and edible fruits from which a spirituous drink is prepared. (Including Antrocaryon Pierre). : - . . Spondias L: Sepals free. Stone of the fruit with 3—4 lids at the top... . _. Peaster OTIess United... wy sn a plete ret ape oe Flowers dioecious, 3—4-merous. Anthers subglobose, versatile. Seeds oblong, terete. — Species 2. Central Africa. The fruits are edible. (Under Spondias L.). . «. . . 0.12.02. ,..Pseudospondias Engl Flowers polygamous, 4—5-merous. Anthers oblong, continuous with the filament. Ovary-cells and styles usually 3. Seeds club-shaped, some- ns ANACARDIACEAE. FLOW. PL. AFR. PL. 8 J. Fleischmann del. Lannea Schimperi (Hochst.) Engl. A Flowering branch. B Male flower. C Male flower cut lengthwise. D Older female flower cut lengthwise. E Fruit. CELASTRACEAE, FLOW. PL. AFR. Pl. 82. J. Fleischmann dei. Elaeodendron A Flowering branch. B Flower cut lengthwise. eroceum (Thunb.) DC. C Cross-section of ovary. D Fruit, E Seed cut lengthwise. 127. ANACARDIACEAE — 128. AQUIFOLIACEAE — 129. CELASTRACEAE 329 what compressed. — Species 5. Tropical and South Africa. They yield timber, gum, dyes, oil, medicaments, and edible fruits and seeds from which a spirituous drink is prepared. . . Selerocarya Hochst. 25. Flowers 3-merous, dioecious. Fruit I—2-seeded. Leaflets numerous. — Species 2. West Africa. They yield timber and edible fruits (blood- plunıs). nenn: we a eh OIRALOStARRIS Hook. fil. Flowers 4—5-merous. . . Ho IHRER ; 26. Flowers 4-merous. Fruit ar I- Pied ae eee Aa deiner he ers 27 Flowers 5-merous. Fruit 2—5-seeded. Leaflets 5 or more. Se pals ürnitechat the-base only. . . . pea. Blei 27. Sepals united high up. Petals ae be al a Style simple, club-shaped. Flowers in panicled fascicles. Leaflets numerous, alter- nate. — Species I. West Africa (Cameroons). Nothospondias Engl. Sepals united at the base only. Petals obovate. Disc 8-crenate. Styles 3—4. Stone of the fruit with 1—2 fertile cells bearing a lid at the top and with 2—3 sterile cells. Seeds I or 2; in the latter case leaflets 3. — Species 30. Tropical and South Africa. Several species yield timber, bark used for making cloth, gum, edible fruits, and medicaments. (Calesiam Adans., Odina Roxb., including Lanneoma Del.) (Plate 81.) Lannea Rich. 28. Male flowers with a narrow disc and 3 styles. * Stone of the fruit with 2 fertile and 2 sterile cells. — Species I. South Africa. Harpephyllum Bernh. Male flowers with a broad disc and 5 styles. Ovary 5-celled. Stone of the fruit with 3—5 fertile cells. Panicles spike-like. — Species 5. Mada- gascar and Mascarenes. They yield timber, resin, and edible fruits: Seipeeemspondias IL.) 3 wur eee Poupartia Comm. SUBORDER CELASTRINEAE FAMILY 128. AQUIFOLIACEAE Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, entire toothed or lobed. Flowers regular, dioecious. Calyx 4—7-cleft. Petals 4—7, united at the base, im- bricate in bud. Stamens as many as the petals, hypogynous. Anthers 2- celled, opening inwards by longitudinal slits. Disc none. Ovary superior, 4—8-celled. Style short or absent; stigma lobed. Ovules solitary in each cell or two side by side, pendulous, inverted, covered by a cupular expansion of the funicle. Fruit a drupe with 4—8 one-seeded stones. Embryo minute, at the apex of the albumen (ILICINEAE.) Genus I, species 5. They yield timber, bird-lime, tea, and medicaments. The holly (1. Aguifolium L.), with poisonous fruits, is also planted as a pascenstemhedea-plant.......) m sau aan \he Dex TE. FAMILY 129. CELASTRACEAE Shrubs or trees. Leaves simple, stipulate. Flowers regular. Sepals 4—5, imbricate or open in bud. Petals 4—5, free, imbricate in bud. Disc present. 330 I29. CELASTRACEAE Stamens as many as and alternating with the petals. Filaments free. Anthers opening by two longitudinal slits sometimes confluent at the top. Ovary superior, but sometimes sunk in the disc and adnate to it, 2—5-celled, rarely (Pleurostylia) 1-celled. Ovules 1—8 in each cell, inverted. Style I or o. Seeds usually albuminous. Embryo axile, with leaf-like cotyledons. — Genera 15, species 160. (Plate 82.) TE D Fruit a loculicidal capsule. Seeds with an aril. [Subfamily CELAS- BEIIDEAR.] 0 '. Si ie Mies Ue eset h > ex on Fruit a drupe or a nut. “Seeds: withoutan aril. “2. 5". So eee . Leaves opposite, at least those of the flowering and fruiting branches. Un- armed shrubs, “Ovules'2:1n each oyary-cell. "..., Go. |... se Leaves alternate. TN pt. ey Se . Petals spreading. Disc thick. Anthers opening by I slit. Ovary-cells and stigmas 4—5. Seeds envejoped by a red aril. Leaves elliptical. — SpeciesI. North-west Africa (Algeria). Yields timber and medicaments and serves as an ornamental plant ; the fruits are poisonous. ‘“‘ Spindle- tree,” u Een Moe Petals erect. Disc thin. Anthers opening by 2 slits. Ovary-cells and stigmas 3. Seeds with a white, wing-like aril. Leaves lanceolate. — Species I (C. edulis Forsk.). Central and South Africa. The wood and the leaves are used, the latter for chewing and for preparing a tea and medicaments. (Methyscophyllum Eckl. & Zeyh.) . Catha Forsk. . Flowers in axillary racemes or umbels, or more frequently solitary or in clusters and inserted upon the leaves, 5-merous. Ovary-cells and stigmas 5, very rarely 3-——4. Seeds with a laciniate aril. Unarmed shrubs or trees, — Species 7. Madagascar. (Under Celastrus L.). Polyeardia Juss. Flowers in axillary fascicles or cymes. Ovary 2—3-celled, very rarely 4—5reelleds" FAGVALIOUUGE EL TGA. 2 2 | . Ovules 3—6 in each cell of the ovary. Disc thick, almost hemispherical, ribbed, red. Seeds enveloped by the aril. Spiny shrubs. — Species 2. South Africa. (Under Celastrus L.) . . . . Putterlickia Endl. Ovules 2 in each cell of the ovary. Ovary 2—3-celled. Disc not hemis- phericale tava) . eto thule elvie ieee . Fruit with usually wing- ike EP isies Seeds with a gaping aril. Ovary usually ribbed. Stigmas 2—3. Disc 5-lobed or 5-parted. Flowers 5-merous. Unarmed shrubs or trees. Leaves entire. — Species 9. south Africa. . ". . . . Pterocelastrus Meissn. Fruit without apipenaneant ip cst ribbed. | Disc faintly lobed, not ribbed. — Species 8c. Some of them yield timber, rubber, or medica- ments. (Including Scylophyllum Eckl. & Zeyh., under Celastrus L.) Gymnosporia Wight & Arn, . (I.) Fruit broadly winged, with a leathery rind. Flowers 4-merous. Stamens inserted within the disc. Anthers opening outwards. Ovary x LO. IT. 14. I29. CELASTRACEAE 331 2-celled, with I erect ovule in each cell. Stigma ı, small. Shrubs. Leaves opposite, entire. Inflorescences terminal and axillary. — Species 1. Madagascar. [Subfamily TRIPTERYGJOIDEAE. | Ptelidium Thouars Fruit not winged. Stamens inserted on the edge or outer face of the disc. Anthers usually opening inwards. [Subfamily CASSINIOIDEAE.|. 8 Ovary 1I-celled.. Ovules 2—8, erect. Stvle lateral. Stigma peltate. Flowers 5-merous. Fruit with a thin endocarp and a thin-fleshy mesocarp. Seeds with copious albumen. Leaves opposite. — Species 5. East and South Africa and Malagasy Islands. (Including Cath- astrum Turcz.) u. en ans Pleufostyliay Wight »& Arn. Ovary 2—4-celled, with 1—2 ovules in each cell. Style terminal, rarely Na as lnmbgeln delle) 2 Bee WdE. BEE LEEREN EEE En TEE EEE BEE BE Ovules pendulous. Flowers 5-merous. Fruit a drupe. Glabrous shrubs. Upper leaves opposite, broad. — Species I. South Africa (Cape Colony). Micids tunber * (Under Gassine 1.) >... (ww. "Maurocenia L. ee mean. MM Sm AO Stigma entire. Anthers turned inwards. Petal-like staminodes usually "present. Flowers hermaphrodite. Leaves opposite, unequal, the lower lanceolate, the upper oval. Trees. — Species ı1. Isle of Réunion. Herya Cordem. Stigma 2—4-lobed, very rarely entire, but then anthers turned outwards. Poval-ee Stammmedes memes. fo TS) TEIL Flowers in short racemes, unisexual, 4-merous. Stamens inserted at the margin of the thin disc; filaments strap-shaped. Fruit almost dry. Glabrous shrubs. Leaves opposite. — Species 1. South Africa (Cape Colony). (Under Elaeodendron Jacq.) . Lauridia Eckl. & Zeyh. Flowers solitary or in fascicles or cymes ; usually hermaphrodite . . 12 Leaves alternate. Flowers 5-merous. Fruit almost dry. — Species 20, Tropical and South Africa. (Under Cassine L. or Elaeodendron Jacq.) Mystroxylon Eckl. & Zeyh. eaves opgusre or pie:upper alternate. . Ya = 4 = “a, EZ Pericarp neither fleshy nor hardened. Seeds exalbuminous. Anthers opening outwards. Glabrous shrubs. Leaves more or less distinctly toothed. — Species 3. South Africa and Madagascar. (Under Schrebera ey Me... ee Hartoeia, Thumb. Pericarp more or less fleshy or hardened. Seeds albuminous. Anthers usually opening inwards. . i MS be ng 14 Pericarp fleshy. Leaves opposite. — Species 10. South Africa. Cassine L. Pericarp dry. —- Species 17. Tropical and South Africa. Some species yield timber, dyes, edible fruits, and medicaments. (Under Cassine L.) (Plate 82.) a ann DERART 9 PElaeödeniton Jacq, 332 I30. HIPPOCRATEACEAE — I3I. SALVADORACEAE FAMILY 130. HIPPOCRATEACEAE Shrubs or trees. Leaves simple. Flowers regular. Calyx 5-partite, im- bricate in bud. Petals 5, free, inserted below the disc. Stamens 3—5, inserted upon or within the disc. Filaments free, strap-shaped. Ovary 3-celled, with 2—10 inverted ovules in each cell. Style 1 oro. Fruit drupaceous or capsular or separating into several mericarps. Seeds exalbuminous. — Genera 3, species 110. Tropical and South Africa. (Under CELASTRINEAE.) (Plate 83.) I. Stamens 5. Anthers opening inwards by a transverse slit. Disc in- distinct. Ovules 6—8 to each ovary-cell. Leaves opposite, serrate. — Species 4. West Africa. .. «. . . Campylostemon Welw. Stamens 3. Anthers opening outwards. Disc distinct. . . . . 2 2. Fruit drupaceous. Petals imbricate in bud. Flowers usually in fas- cicles or in fascicled cymes. — Species 60. Tropical and South Africa. Several species yield rubber or edible fruits. (Plate 83.) . Salacia L. Fruit capsular or separating into several mericarps. Anthers roundish. Leaves opposite. Flowers usually in simple cymes. — Species 50. Tropics to Delagoa Bay. Some are used medicinally. (Including Helictonema Pierre) os. «0... ww cs) la ie» oe) Hippperam FAMILY 131. SALVADORACEAE. Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite, simple, entire, with minute stipules. Flowers solitary or in spikes racemes or panicles, regular. Calyx 2—4-cleft. Petals 4, very rarely 5, free or united at the base, with imbricate or contorted aestivation. Stamens as many as and alternate with the petals; sometimes 4—5 staminodes also present. Ovary superior, I—2-celled. Ovules I—2 in each cell, erect, inverted. Style simple, short. Fruit a berry or a drupe. Seeds exalbuminous ; embryo with the radicle turned downwards. — Genera 3, species 6. I. Flowers dioecious. Petals 4, free, narrow. Filaments free from one another and from the corolla. Glands between the stamens absent. Ovary 2-celled. Shrubs with 2—® spines in the axils of the leaves. — Species 2. Tropical and South Africa. Used medicinally. (Monetia L’ Hér.) hai > ; tn Azima Lam. Flowers hei Bee or BEINEN. Hila united together or to the corolla. Glands between the stamens nearly always present. Ovary I-celled. Unarmed shrubs or trees. . Jc Pr 2. Petals free, narrow. Filaments united at the Bake’ Anthers oblong. -— Species 3. East Africa. ae timber. (Including Platymitium Wal) /. ee. ge nr. als Daksraiiite: Petals united at the ese hadi 4. filaments free. Anthers ovoid or globose. --- Species 1 (S. persica Garcin). North-east and Central Africa to Delagoa Bay. Yields edible iruits and medicaments; the twigs are used as tooth-brushes. . . . . . . Salvadora Garcin HIPPOCRATEACEAE. FLOW. PL. AFR. J. Fleischmann del, Salacia Dusenii Loesen. A Flowering branch. B Flower from above. C Flower cut lengthwise. D Cross-section of ovary. Ph. 83. ICACINACEAE. FLOW. PL. AFR J. Fleischmann del. Apodytes dimidiata E. Mey. A Flowering branch. B Flower cut lengthwise, C Fruit. D Fruit cut lengthwise, Pl. 84. eee 132. ICACINACEAE 333 SUBORDER ICACININEAE FAMILY 132. ICACINACEAE Trees or shrubs. Leaves entire toothed.or lobed, without stipules. Flowers regular, 4—5-merous. Stamens as many as the petals or perianth-segments and alternate with them. Anthers opening hy 2 longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, I-celled. Ovules 2, pendulous, inverted, with dorsal raphe. Style 1 oro. Fruit a drupe. Seed 1, with a thin testa, without an aril. — Genera TO, species 00. Tropical and South Africa. (Under OLACINEAE.) (Plate 84.) 1. Pericarp warty or spiny on the inner face. Embryo equalling the albumen. Climbing or twining shrubs. Leafstalk terete. {Tribe PHYTO- GRENFAR.) . ..... : iP Mobi yal 2 Pericarp smooth or an on he ne Weis en AR Ta 2. Perianth simple, 3—5-parted. Stigma sessile. Leaves palminerv = 3 Perianth, at least in the female flowers, consisting of a very small calyx and a corolla of united petals. Leaves penninerved. . 5 3. Flowers solitary or in pairs in the axils of the leaves, hermaphrodite. Stem tuberous, with slightly twining branches. Leaves undivided, wavy at the margin. — Species I. East Africa (Somaliland). Trematosperma Urban Flowers in heads or spikes, dioecious. oF ee geet ne: 4. Flowers in heads arranged in spikes or ated Se Perianth of the male flowers 3-lobed. — Species 3. West Africa. . Polycephalium Engl. Flowers in spikes. Perianth usually Ae | — Species 15. Tropical SIKNSOHER AlTlca. 3°): ante: Pyrenacantha Hook. 5. Calyx minute. Corolla not amarea in the fruit. Flowers in spikes arising from the lower part of the stem. Leaves oval. — Species I. Madagascar. . . . . .. Endacanthus Baill. Calyx distinctly Aevaloned, at least’? in fie female flowers. Corolla enlarged in the fruit. > a Say ala BAGS 6. Calyx of the male abwers 5 4oothed! Pera 2 iinents rather long. Anthers linear. Flowers in spikes at the nodes of the older branches. Leaves lanceolate. — Species 1. West Africa (Cameroons). Stachyanthus Engl. Calyx of the male flowers indistinct or wanting. Petals 4. Filaments short. Anthers ovate. Flowers in spikes or heads. -— Species 7. West Africa. . . > Chlamydocarya Baill. 7. (r.) Flowers dioecious, en a core a united petals, with or without a calyx. Stamens with flat filaments ; anthers opening inwards. Embryo nearly equalling the albumen. Climbing shrubs, usually with tendrils. Leaves opposite. Flowers in panicles. — Species 6. Tropics. [Tribe ED DEARLY you. . . . Iodes Blume Flowers hermaphrodite or poy aan rally Under but then with a calyx and a corolla of free petals, or without a corolla, and the anthers opening outwards. Embryo usually much shorter than the albumen. 334 ee) IO. ET, I2. 13. 14. 15. f TO. 132. ICACINACEAE Trees or erect, rarely climbing shrubs ; in the latter case leaves alternate or flowers in spikes. [Tribe ICACINEAE.] „_ . 0. . 2 . Flowers unisexual, dioecious. Calyx 5-partite. Petals minute and free, or wanting. Anthers turned outwards. Ovary with a ring-shaped appendage at the top. Trees. Leaves alternate. Flowers in panicles. — Species 2. Madagascar and neighbouring islands. Grisollea Baill. Flowers hermaphrodite or ie ae Perianth consisting of a calyx andacorolla. . . . x har. „win JUNE . Petals free. Sepals usually one high BB, N ae Petals more or less united. Sepals usually united at the bake ais -* Embryo nearly aslongasthealbumen.. . . . . . . . . . II Embryo much shorter than the albumen... Sr wr paul age 12 Petals bearded within. Disc present. Style gi stigma small or shield- shaped. Fruit with a crusty endocarp. Embryo with flat cotyledons. Shrubs with ascending or somewhat twining branches. — Species 7. Tropics. Some have edible fruits or seeds. . . . . leaeina Juss. Petals not bearded within. Disc absent. Fruit with a woody endocarp and a fleshy mesocarp. Embryo with folded cotyledons. Climbing shrubs. — Species 2. Equatorial West Africa. The fruits and seeds are eaten and used medicinally. . . . . . . . Lavigeria Pierre Stem climbing. Flowers in spikes. Petals eis outside. Disc present. Ovary without swellings. Style terminal; stigma slightly lobed. — Species 6. Tropics. . . . . . Desmostachys Planch. & Miers Stem erect, tree-like. Flowers in fascicles or panicles. Ovary with 2 swellings. Style lateral. = Ce : RE Pe: Flowers in axillary fascicles. Filaments end Be ae usually with two narrow swellings at the top. — Species I2. Central Africa. (Under Apodvies Mey.) . . . . . Rhaphiostyles Planch. Flowers in terminal panicles. ne awl-shaped. Ovary with two broad swellings on the ventral face. — Species 19. Tropical and South Africa. Several species yield timber or edible fruits. (Plate 84.) Apodytes E. Mey. Petals united at the base or nearly tothe middle. . . . . . „ os a Petals united beyond the middle. „Us = eur are Aide tes Seu Petals imbricate in the bud. Style short. Leaves opposite. Flowers in repeatedly forked cymes. — Species 4. South Africa and Madagascar. Cassinopsis Sond. Petals valvate in the bud. Style long. Leaves alternate. Flowers in few-flowered fascicles or panicles. — Species 9. Central Africa. (In- cluding Alsodetidium Engl.) pS he Alsodeiopsis Oliv. Petals imbricate in the bud. Sepals and stamens unequal. Disc in- distinct. Stigma sessile. Leaves opposite, -elliptical. Flowers in panicles. — Species 1. Madagascar. . . . . . Tridianisia Baill. Petals walvaieinithe bud. ..., (oso emda] »«btewduo. ein soe 132. ICACINACEAE — 133. ACERACEAE — 134. SAPINDACEAE 335 17. Petals bent backwards at the tip. Disc thick. Style short. Leaves opposite, lanceolate. Flowers in few-flowered axillary cymes. — Species x. West Africa (Congo). . . . . Aerocoelium Baill. Petals bent inwards at the tip. Disc absent. Leavesalternate. . . 18 18. Sepals united at the base only. Filaments adnate to the corolla-tube throughout their whole length, without appendages. Style long, filiform. Ovary and fruit without a swelling. — Species 5. Tropics. Leptaulus Benth. Sepals united high up. Filaments free from the corolla, with two tufts of hairs at the apex. Style short, conical. Ovary and fruit with a laterai swelling. Flowers in head-like cymes. — Species I. West PCA es ee. ast 6 Ce eS | asianthera. Beauv. SUBORDER SAPINDINEAE FAMILY 133. ACERACEAE . Treesorshrubs. Leaves opposite, palmately lobed, without stipules. Flowers in terminal corymbs, regular, polygamous. Sepals 5, free. Petals 5, free. Stamens 8, very rarely 4 or 12, perigynous, inserted on the inner edge of the thick disc. Filaments free. Ovary superior, 2-lobed and 2-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell. Styles 2 or a single style with 2 branches or stigmas. Fruit winged, splitting into 2 mericarps. Seeds exalbuminous. (Under SAPINDACEAE.) Genus I, species 4; North-west Africa. They yield timber, tanning bark, and sugar, and;serve as ornamental plants. “ Maple” . . Aeer L. FAMILY 134. SAPINDACEAE Trees or shrubs, rarelv (Cardiospermum) herbs or undershrubs. Leaves alternate, usually compound... Flowers in racemes or panicles, rarely solitary or in clusters, polygamous, rarely unisexual. Petals 4—5, mostly witha scale on the inner face, or absent. Stamens 4—24, usually 8, inserted within the disc, rarely upon it ; sometimes disc indistinct. Anthers opening inwards by 2 longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, 2—8-, usually 3-celled, sometimes not quite completely septate or with a single fertile cell, frequently lobed. Ovules I—2, rarely (Cossignia) 3 in each ovary-cell, curved. Style 1, undivided, rarely cleft. Seeds exalbuminous ; embryo usually curved. — Genera 51, species 200. (Including DIDIEREACEAE.) (Plate 85.) _I. Ovary with 1 fertile cell and sometimes 2 sterile ones. Ovule 1. Style 3—4-cleft. Stamens 8—10, inserted on the edge of the ring-shaped disc. Petals .4., Sepals 2. Flowers dioecious. Leaves undivided. deciduous. Spiny trees. ~- Species 6. Madagascar. Some species yield timber. (Including Alluaudia Drake). [Tribe DIDIEREAE.] Didierea Baill. 336 134. SAPINDACEAE Ovary with 2-—8 fertile cells. Stamens inserted within the disc, rarely upon it (Pistaciopsis) or no distinct disc present (Dodonaea) ; in both tnese tases petals wanting: . ne ee eee 2. Ovulerin eachcelloftheovary. . . ne Ovules 2, very rarely 3, in each cell ofthe ovary. . . . 2 ee Le) . Ovule pendulous. Ovary 2-celled. Style undivided, with 2 decurrent stigmatic lines at the apex. Stamens 5. Disc regular. Petals 5, small. Sepals 5, slightly imbricate in bud. Fruit succulent, indehiscent. Seeds without an aril. Embryo with pinnately cut cotvledons. Branches and leaves with a resinous coating. Leaves equally pinnate, with a winged rachis. —- Species 2. Equatorial East Africa and Madagascar. ‘ Filieium Thwait. Ovule erect ‘Or ascending. Stamens usually 8. . . . 2.202.004 4. Flowers irregular, with a one-sided disc. Petals4. .. . . . . . 5 Flowers regular or nearly so, with a complete disc. Petals 5 oro. Leaves exstipulate, equally pinnate, rarely unequally pinnate (Pistaciopsis) or simple Pabpea).' 1 Weide Bro A VERE 2 See To 5. Leaves stipulate, unequally pinnate with 5 leaflets or twice ternate. Herbs or undershrubs or climbing tendril-bearing shrubs. Petals with a crested, and hooded scale. Stamens 8. Ovary 3-celled. . 31D FA Leaves exstipulate, simple trifoliolate or equally pinnate. Trees or shrubs without tendrils. Seeds withodat‘an aril, „Hamm II 6. Stem herbaceous or woody at the base only. Fruit capsular, inflated, witha membranous rind. Seeds without an aril. — Species 5. Tropical and South Africa, one species (C. Helicacabum L.) also naturalized in North Africa. They yield fodder, vegetables, oil, and medicaments, and serve also as decorative plants. ‘ Heartseed.” . Cardiospermum L. Stem woody, climbing, bearing tendrils. Fruit capsular, not inflated, with a leathery or woody rind, or separating into mericarps. Seeds with amore orless distinct aril . . JONI “DRS 0 7. Leaves twice ternate. Fruit 3- Winsen Ba separating into 3 nutlets. — Species 1. Madagascar... . 2 3 0S, 10 OR eramre SCHE Leaves pinnate. Fruit wingless, dahin — Species 1. Tropics. Poison- ous and yielding fibres and medicaments. . . . . . Pautiiinia L. 8. Leaves simple or trifoliolate. Sepals 4, broadly imbricate in bud. Petals with a crestless, notched or 2-parted scale. Stamens 8. Ovary deeply lobed. Fruit of 1—3 drupes. — Species 50. Tropical and South Africa. Some species yield timber, edible fruits, and medicaments. una ociimsaeita En)? \ © OR. Re 0), MLFIER Allophyllus L. Leaves‘abruptly pinnate. Sepals 5:01. #24 8 pie, ee ee g. Sepals free, broadly imbricate in bud. Petals witha notched scale. Stamens 8. Fruit separating into 3 mericarps. Seed-coat hard. — Species 3. Naturalized in the Mascarenes and Seychelles. The wood and the fruits (soap-berries) are used; the latter afford a substitute for soap, Io. ag 12. a I4. 15. 16. “ay. 18. 134. SAPINDACEAE 337 mucilage, oil, poison, and medicaments ; the seeds serve as ornaments and tor making buttons and rosaries. (Including Dittelasma Hook.) Sapindus L. Sepals more or less united, narrowly imbricate or valvate in bud. Fruit humoeweaiariened, indehiscent. . . . ..« » 2 .« « 10 Calyx shortly bell- or top-shaped ; sepals united at the base only. Petals with a 2-crested scale. Stamens6-—-8. Pericarp crustaceous or leathery. II Calyx deeply urn-shaped or almost globular; sepals united high up. Pericarp more or less fleshy. . . an EZ Disc obliquely cupular. Ovary 2- Belladı EUR a in Hi Petals with a very broad scale. Shrubs. Leaflets 10. — Species I. Madagas- Basar. 6. . . . Plagioseyphus Radlk. Disc not Eule Os 3- led ee 4—8. — Species 7. West Africa. (Under Erioglossum Blume) . . . . . Paneovia Willd. Stamens 12—15. Petals sessile; scale adnate below by the margin, bearing a short crest. Ovary 6—S8-celled. Trees. Leaflets 10—12. — Species I. West Africa a . . . Glossolepis Gilg Stamens 6—8. Petalsclawed. . . . . er Maar: » FQ Scales of the petals adnate below by the margins, ee an incurved crest; claws elongate. Calyx subglobose, shortly toothed. Ovary 7-celled. Trees. Leaflets numerous. —- Species I. West | Africa (Cameroons). . . . . . Radlkofera Gilg Scales of the petals ne br a de more rarely free. Ovary 3—4- celled, rarely 7—8-celled, but then petals with a free and crestless scale. SpeciesIo. West Africa. Somehaveediblefruits. Chytranthus Hook. fil. bc lee ei ae ME ae ed le, 5 Petals ipfesent. ..hi.. 0% 2...28 Sepals 4—6, united at the hen aul, Bee or en Alesis in iia 4 350 Sepals 5, united high up. i 19 Stamens 4. Ovary 2- alledt es 4. er ih ars der Ss. — Species 1. Madagascar... . . . 2.2... Crossonephelis Baill. Stamens 5—8. Ovary 3-celled. legend niece = 7 Flowers in racemes or panicles. Sepals 4—5, hairy outside. Stamens 7—8. Seeds without an aril. Leaves with 4—6 leaflets. — Species 2. Central Africa. etre . . « . Melanodiseus Radlk. Flowers in clusters. en: a rarely 6—7, bu then seeds with an aril. hang sie) » IB Stamens inserted ede. he pee Barmen Mack at exceeding the calyx; anthers linear. Sepals par hairy above. Seed 1, with an aril. Leaves abruptly pinnate, with 4—r0 leaflets. — Species 2. East Birica. (i... .): . . . . Haplocoelum Radlk. Stamens inserted & the ei ar fies a Bi; Alain. long, much exceeding the calyx ; anthers oblong or oval. Sepals 5. Leaves with a narrowly winged rachis. — Species 4. Central Africa. . Pistaeiopsis Engl. Y 338 19. 20. 2I. 22. 23. 24. 26. I34. SAPINDACEAE Sepals imbricate in bud, finally slashed. Stamens 8—10, bent twice in the bud. Ovary 3-celled. Seeds with an aril; embryo almost straight. Trees. Flowers in axillary racemes or panicles. — Species 2. Central Africa. Flowers fragrant, used for preparing an aromatic water. Lecaniodiseus Planch. Sepals'valvatein bud. ‘“Stamens8.. : . 740.0 3 °° WIE Pee Ovary 2-celled. Fruit indehiscent. Seeds with an aril . . . . 21 Ovary 3-celled. ... .,,. I Fruit covered with wart- see piotatberaneds Hel Aes frie the seed- coat. — Species I (L. chinensis Sonn.) Cultivated in the tropics and naturalized in the Mascarene Islands. It yields timber, edible fruits, and medicaments. (Under Nephelium L. or Euphoria Commers.) Litehi Sonn. Fruit covered with soft spine-like processes or glabrous. Aril adnate to the seed-coat. — Species I (N. lappaceum L., Rambutan). Cultivated in the tropics. It yields edible fruits and fat-containing seeds. (Under Euphoria Comm.) . . 7,5, Nephelium T. Früit dehiscent. Seeds EN an ai, dys cup-shaped. Flowers in axillary panicles. — Species 1. Mascarene Islands. Yields timber (iron-wood), edible fruits, and oily seeds. (Under Nephelium L..) é Stadmannia Lam. Fruit indehiscent. Seeds without an aril. Calyx top-shaped. Flowers in racemes or panicles springing from the older parts of the stem. — Species 3. Central Africa. . . . . . Plaeodiseus Radlk. (14.) Calyx 5-lobed ; lobes open or neh imbricate in bud. Stamens EGS EME . OP BP LTR NOTTS TERMS | OR Sa Calyx 5-parted. . . . eT Calyx urn-shaped. Petals ie Beate Anica by cence ei indehiscent, 3-lobed, with a leathery pericarp. Seeds without an aril. Inflorescences arising from the older branches. Leaves pinnate. (See 13.) Chytranthus Hook. fil. Calyx cup- or saucer-shaped, small. Petals with a scale adnate by the margins, or with a free scale, or without a scale. Fruit dehiscent. Seeds with an aril. mug 25 . Petals hairy, Wahn! a scale or le the atadwed margins > re into small scales. Ovary lobed. Pericarp leathery. Leaves simple, un- divided, oblong. — Species 4. East and South Africa. They yield timber, edible fruits, and oily seeds. (Under Sapindus L.) . Pappea Eckl. & Zeyh. Petals with a free scale or with a scale adnate by the margins. Leaves PINMAREIG 7.0. Ta, ee Petals with a scale miei pe bie margins, he Kanal: shaped. Disc clothing the base of the calyx. Filaments hairy. Fruit 3-angled, almost glabrous. Inflorescences axillary. — Species 5. Central Africa. Some yield timber. (Under Blighia Koen.) . . Phialodiseus Radlk. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 33- 34. I34. SAPINDACEAE 339 Petals with an almost free, notched scale. Disc free. Filaments glabrous. Fruit almost globose; pericarp crustaceous or woody, hispid on the outside, woolly within. — Species 3. West Africa. Yielding timber. Eriocoelum Hook. fil. mah sends marrowly anbricate in bud.) SUR A ie in 02028 Sepals broadlyimbricateinbud. . . . . 33 Stamens 5. Petals hooded, without scales. Disc 5- aha ae 2- celled. Fruit indehiscent, with a crustaceous pericarp. Seeds with an aril. Leaves with numerous leaflets. Inflorescences arising from the older parts of the stem. — Species 1. Madagascar. Pseudopteris Baill. Be RI ee ot, of a bd hppa ee 20 Stamens 6-—7. Petals hairy, with r—2 scales adnate by their edges. Ovary 2-celled. Fruit compressed, dehiscent, with a cartilagineous endocarp. Seeds with an adnate aril. Leaves with 4—II pairs of leaflets. Flowers in terminal panicles. — Species 3. Central Africa. Aporrhiza Radlk. Stamens 8—10. . . ee A ee are So Ovary 2-celled. Fruit TEN Stamens Gai Aarts ba) 220877737 Ovary 3-celled. Fruit tardily dehiscent. Stamens 8—ro. Petals fur- nished at the base witha scale adnateateachside.. . . . . . 32 Leaflets in 3—4 pairs, toothed, pellucidly dotted, beset with scaly glands when young. Fruit 2-lobed, with a fleshy pericarp. Seeds without an aril. — Species 1. South Africa (Cape Colony). (Under Sapindus L.) Smelophyllum Radlk. Leaflets in 5 pairs, entire, beset with stellate hairs. Fruit with a crust- aceous pericarp. Seeds with a free aril. — Species I (EF. Longana Lam.). Cultivated in the tropics and in Egypt and naturalized in the Mascarene Islands. Yields timber and edible fruits. (Under Nepheliuin other a, ee cn eve eg ee ep horia Commers, . Petals saccate at the base. Stamens 8, rarely ro. Fruit large, bluntly 3-angled. Seeds enveloped at the base by an adnate aril. — Species 3. West Africa. The aril is poisonous when unripe or over-ripe, but edible when ripe, and used for preparing oil and medicaments ; from the fragrant flowers an aromatic ee is prepared. “ Akee-tree.”” (Under Cmpania Pay or . sell Blighia Koen. Petals funnel-shaped. a: 348, Seeds enctesea in the fleshy testa. Leaflets in 4—6 pairs, toothed. — Species 3. West Africa. Lyehnodiseus Radlk. (27.) Stamens 5. Ovary 2-celled. Fruit compressed, dehiscent, with a spongey pericarp. Seeds with a free aril. — Species 1. Madagascar. Tinopsis Radlk. LE TER vo Ai 3 Nr Stamens 8.'° . . Ba ee d beh. S20 ait eaten Stamens 1o—24. Seeds isnot an Ben Me ee 340 38. 39: 40. 4I. 42. 43. I34. SAPINDACEAE . Leaves twice pinnate. Petals small. Fruit ı-celled, indehiscent, with a crustaceous pericarp. Seeds with amembranous aril and a crustaceous testa.-— Species 10. Madagascar and East Africa. Maephersonia Blume Leaves Gmcepugmare.. . . 6 ew it Fe . Petals with 1 scale. Seeds without an aril; testa RER leathery, or crustaceous. wi 17 Petals with 2 scales, bball formes By ilies anata ie fen edges, rarely (Molinaea) without scales. Seeds with an aril, rarely (Sapindus) without, but then witha bonytesta. . . . oye et On . Leaflets prickly toothed, in several pairs. Stem shrubby. Inflorescences springing from the older parts of the stem. Petals with a hooded scale. Disc cup-shaped, crenate. — Species 1. Madagascar. Cotylodiseus Radlk. Leaflets entire. Stem tree-like. Fruit lobed. pene na Leaflets in 2 pairs. Fruit drupaceous, not separating Er mericarps. Seeds with a thin testa; embryo nearly straight. — Species I (A. senegalensis Radlk.). Central Africa. It yields timber and edible fruits which are also used as a substitute for soap ; the seeds are poison- ous. (Under Sapindus I.) . . . . . . . Aphania Blume Leaflets in 3 or more pairs. Fruit ER into 2--3 berry-like meri- carps. Seeds with a leathery testa. — Species 20. Tropical and South Africa. Some have edible fruits. (Plate 85.) Deinbollia Schum. & Thonn. Petals with large scales. Ovary 2-celled. Fruit capsular. — Species 10. Madagascar. (Under Cupania L., Jagera Blume, or Ratonia DC.). Tina Roem. & Schult. Petals with small scales or without scales. Ovary 3-celled. . . . . 40 Petals very small, with 2 linear scales at the base. Filaments bent twice in the bud. Shrubs. Leaflets in 6—ıIo pairs. — Species 1. Mada- gascar. . . . . .. Eriandrostachys Baill. Petals small or Fake Ike, an a margins bent inwards at the base or without any'appendage. Usuallytrees.. . . . J s «© = ‘41 Seeds with an aril and a crustaceous testa. Fruit winged, capsular. — Species 8. Madagascar and Mascarenes. Some species yield timber and medicaments. (Under Cupania L.).. . . . Molinaea Comm. Seeds without an aril; testa bony. Fruit not winged, drupaceous or separating into mericarps, (See 9.) . = . 4% Sapindus L. (34-.) Petals without a scale. Stamens 10. Ovary 3-celled. Fruit cap- sular, bristly. Climbing shrubs clothed with rust-coloured hairs. Leaflets in 3—4 pairs, toothed. — Species 1. West Africa. (Under Corama L) . ... . . . Laceodiseus Radlk. Petals with a scale. Treen or eres ene LU ‚298 Ovary entire. Stamens IO—ıI2. Leaves without enden — ‘rece : East Africa. (Under Deinbollia Schum. & Thonn.) Camptolepis Radlk. SAPINDACEAE. mLOW. PL. AFR. J. Fleischmann del, Deinbollia pyenophylla Gilg C Male flower cut lengthwise ae autre have fallen off). D Older female flower cut lengthwise. eaf, A Inflorescence. B Male flower. MELIANTHACEAE. FLOW. PL. AFR. Pl. 86. J. Fleischmann del, Bersama abyssiniea Fresen. C Flower without the perianth, D Cross-section of ovary. E Group of fruits. Fruit. G Seed with aril. H Seed cut lengthwise. A Flowering branch. B Flower cut rs a ae 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 51. 134. SAPINDACEAE 341 Ovary lobed or divided. Stamens 12—24. Leaves with sunken glands. Besen arte Iinto,mericarps. SE NN ae Fruit winged; pericarp leathery. Ovary 2-celled. Stamens 20—24. Sepals densely clothed with silky hairs. Leaflets 4, with conspicuous veins. — Species I. Island of Mauritius. The seeds contain oil. Hornea Bak. Fruit not winged ; pericarp fleshy. (See 38.) Deinbollia Schum. & Thonn. (2.) Flowers irregular. Petals 4. Disc one-sided. Ovary 3-celled. Fruit eapsular. u . EN AR ce AO Flowers regular or My: so. ie 5oro. Disc complete or indistinct. 48 Petals with a long claw and a crisped scale, red. Disc cup-shaped. Sta- mens 8. Ovary stalked. Fruit inflated, bursting irregularly. Seeds with a red, bony testa and a spiral embryo. Shrubs. Leaves un- equally pinnate with a winged rachis and 11—13 leaflets. — Species 2. South Africa and Madagascar. . . . . . Erythrophysa E. Mey. Petals with a short claw and without a scale. Disc flat. Ovary sessile. Fruit opening regular!y. Seeds with a leathery or crusty testa. Leaves with 3—10 leaflets clothed with stellate hairs. . . . ae ae Eee ter Stamens 5—6. Fruit with septifragal dehiscence. Bcbiys spirally twisted. Leaves unequally pinnate, with 3—7 leaflets. — Species 2. Madagascar and Mascarenes. Yielding timber. . Cossignia Comm. Stamens 8. Fruit with loculicidal dehiscence. Embryo curved. Leaves equally pinnate, with 6—10 leaflets. — Species 3. Tropics. (Majıdea IN) On (A Se . . Harpullia Roxb. Petals present. Stamens 8. Ovary 3- elle Leaves RN pin- nate. A ee Be ee ee ae Pe tent 449 Petals absent. pe: : «ge oS ene ee > ) apie Disc somewhat one- adit Petals green or yellowish. Fruit capsular. Leaves with 8—1o leaflets. (See 47.) . .° . . Harpullia Roxb. Disc equal-sided. Petalsredorreddish. . . . P idly Vas GO . Leaves with 4—6 leaflets. Petals with the margins a ol at the base. Fruit capsular, 3-celled. — Species 1. Madagascar. Conchopetalum Radlk. Leaves with S—ı4 usually serrate leaflets along a winged rachis. Petals minutely toothed. Fruit indehiscent, leathery, usually 1-celled. — Species 1. South Africa. . . . . Hippobromus Eckl. & Zeyh. Disc indistinct. Stamens 5—15, usually 8. Ovary 2—6-, usually 3- celled. Stigma lobed. Fruit capsular, 2—6-celled. Embryo spirally twisted. Leaves usually simple. — Species 4. Tropical and South Africa. They yield timber, medicaments, and edible fruits; the beaten branches are used as torches. Si javna vi cBodenaé@a. EL. Disc distinctly developed. Stamens 4—5. Ovary 2-celled. Fruit in- dehiscent, usually drupaceous and I-celled. Embryo not spiral. Leaves pinnate. Br eapAveR: Ani GLE: RIO oe eae 342 I34. SAPINDACEAE — 135. MELIANTHACEAE 52. Flowers 4-merous. Leaves unequally pinnate. Tall trees. — Species I. Southern West Africa (Angola) . . . .. . Zanha Hiern Flowers 5-merous. Leaves equally pinnate. . . nu 6 ne 53. Calyx slightly lobed. Seeds with a thin testa and ae radicle. Leaflets elliptical, entire. Flowers in panicles. — Species 1. West Africa. Talisiopsis Radlk. Calyx deeply divided. - . . TE ae Ken “elena 54. Stamens alternating with the Be Stigma 2-lobed. Seeds with a thin testa and short radicle. Leaflets oval, crenate. Flowers in few- flowered cymes. — Species I. East Africa. The seeds are edible. Dialiopsis Radlk. Stamens opposite to the sepals. Stigma entire. Seeds with a leathery testa and long radicle. Leaflets lanceolate oblong or elliptical, entire. Flowers in panicles. — Species 1. Mascarene Islands. It yields timber, edible fruits, and medicaments. (Under Hippobromus Eckl. & Zeyh. Oa IMERLOCCA"L.) . 2, Ze en, Doratoxylon Thouars SUBORDER MELIANTHINEAE FAMILY 135. MELIANTHACEAE Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, unequally pinnate or simple and un- divided. Flowers in racemes, more or less irregular, hermaphrodite. Sepals 4—5, free or united at the base, imbricate in bud. Petals 4—5, imbricate in bud, sometimes cohering in the middle. Stamens 4—1r0, inserted within the disc. Anthers opening lengthwise by lateral slits. Ovary superior, 4—5-celled. Style simple ; stigma entire or lobed. Fruit a capsule. Seeds with a straight embryo and copious albumen. — Genera 3, species 30. (Under SAPINDACEAE) (Plate 86.). I. Leaves simple, undivided, exstipulate. Flowers almost regular. Disc equal-sided, with 10 processes. Petals sessile. Stamens 10. Ovary 5- celled, with numerous ovules in each cell. Capsule septicidal. — Species 3. South Africa. [Tribe GREYIEAE.) Greyia Hook. & Hary. Leaves pinnate, stipulate. Flowers more or less irregular. Disc one- sided. Petals clawed. Stamens 4—5. Ovary usually 4-celled. Ovules I—12 in each cell. Capsule loculicidal. [Tribe MELIANTHEAE.] 2 2. Sepals very unequal. Petals 4, rarely 5, cohering in the middle, shorter than the sepals. Disc pouch-shaped. Stamens 4. Ovules 4—ı2 in each ovary-cell. Seeds without an aril. — Species 5. South Africa ; one species also naturalized in the Canary Islands. The latter serves as an ornamental plant and is said to render honey poisonous. Melianthus L. Sepals nearly equal. Eee 5, free, longer than the sepals. Disc semi- orbicular. Ovules solitary in each ovary-cell. Seeds with an aril. — Species 20. Central and South-east Africa. (Including Natalia Hochst.) (Plate 86.) en WOME) Uae yey ues ee Ve EEE BALSAMINACEAE, PLOW. PL. AFR, J. Fleischmann del. Impatiens capensis Thunb. A Flowering branch, B Flower cut lengthwise. C Ovary cut lengthwise, D Fruit, E Seed cut lengthwise, PI. RHAMNACEAE. FLOW. PL. AFR. Pl, 88 J. Fleischmann del. Ventilago leiocarpa Benth. AFlowering branch. B Flower cut lengthwise. CSepal. D Petalexpanded. E Younger and older stamen. F Fruit. G Lower part of the fruit cut open. 136. BALSAMINACEAE — 137. RHAMNACEAE 343 SUBORDER BALSAMININEAE FAMILY 136. BALSAMINACEAE Succulent herbs. Leaves herbaceous, undivided, penninerved, without stipules. Flowers solitary or in clusters or racemes, without bracteoles, irregular, hermaphrodite. Sepals 3, rarely 5, imbricate in bud, the hindmost more or less distinctly spurred. Petals 3 or 5. Stamens 5; filaments short and broad ; anthers united, turned inwards, opening towards the apex. Disc none. Ovary superior, 5-celled. Ovules 3 or more, in the inner angle of each cell, pendufous, inverted, with dorsal raphe. Style 1; stigmas ı or 5. Fruit succulent, dehiscing elastically. Seeds exalbuminous. (Under GERANJA- CEAE.) “(Plate 87.) Genus I, species 100. Tropical and South Africa. Some are used as orna- mental plants (balsams), others yield dyes, medicaments, or edible oily seeds. (Including Trimorphopetalum Bak.) . . . . Impatiens L. ORDER RHAMNALES FAMILY 137. RHAMNACEAE Shrubs or trees, rarely (Helinus) undershrubs. Leaves undivided, stipulate, more rarely (Phylica) exstipulate. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite or poly- gamous. Receptacle more or less cup-shaped. Sepals 4—5, valvate in bud. Petals 4—5 or 0. Stamens as many as and alternate with the sepals. Anthers opening by 1—2 slits. Disc within the stamens, sometimes indistinct. Ovary 2—4-celled, sometimes not quite completely septate, rarely (Maesopsis) I-celled. Ovules solitary in each cell, basal, inverted. Style undivided or cleft. Seeds with a large, straight embryo. — Genera 18, species 140. (Plate 88.) moOvany superionomalmostso:n.: +i hodelfepteaite Galan ety 2 Ovary inferior or half-inferior. . . -. 9 2. Ovary I-celled. Stigma 5-lobed. Epa one- Be a Leaves opposite or nearly so, penninerved. — Species 2. Equatorial regions. The fruits are edible. (Including Karlea Pierre) . Maesopsis Engl. Ovary completely or almost completely 2—4-celled. Stigma 2—4-lobed, OL shields. nto. rodis way. deals: Febr apres 3 3. Anthers opening outwards. Sepals with a far projecting ledge on the inside. Disc ring-shaped. Style undivided, with a 2-lobed stigma. Leaves opposite or nearly so, crenate, with 2 side. Flowers in axillary spikes or in terminal panicles. — Species I. Abyssinia. . . . . . Lamellisepalum Engl. Anthers dehiscing date or Vet Flowers solitary or in cymes, rarely in racemes or panicles, but then style 2—4-cleft or with 3 stig- MAGS 05"). 7 eine, A 4. Leaves 3-, more fg PR and on die nee Style 2—4-cleft. Fruit wingless, fleshy, indehiscent, with a 1—4-celled stone. — Species 10. Some of them yield timber, tanning and dyeing materials, gum-lac, food for silk-worms, medicaments, and edible fruits (jujubes) from which 344 Io. EF: 13. 137. RHAMNACEAE a sort of bread and a beverage are prepared; others have poisonous fruits ; some are used as hedge plants. . . . . Zizyphus Juss. Leaves penninerved. oe! eee weer er . Flowers in terminal panicles, 5-merous. Stigmas 3. Fruit with 3 stones. Shrubs with spiny branches. Leaves opposite. — Species 1. North- ern East Africa. The fruits are edible. . . . Sageretia Brongn. Flowers in axillary inflorescences. . . ee 0. . Receptacle united with the fruit for the er ar Fruit with 2—4 indehiscent stones. Seeds not grooved. Disc thick. Spines in the axils of the leaves. — Species 3. Tropical and South Africa. (Adolia Er . . . Seutia Brongn. Receptacle free nae the ae i jig Brenton part. Disc thin, rarely thick, but then spines, as usually, wanting... ee Fruit with ı two-celled stone. Disc thick. Style 2- eth: Flowers 5- merous. Leaves alternate. — Species 1. East Africa. The fruits are edible. u if ks coment gay Berchemia Neck. Fruit with 2-—4 stones. Tee aes ee «= ae Fruit with a red skin and a woody stone ring er 3 elastically dehiscing portions. Seed-coat crustaceous, shining. Flowers 5-merous. Leaves alternate. — Species 1. Madagascar. . Maerorhamnus Baill. Fruit with 2—4 leathery or thin-woody, scarcely or not dehiscing stones. Seed-coat thin. — Species 17. North, East, and South Africa. They yield timber, dyes, a substitute for hop, fish-poison, and medicaments. x Buckthörn. 2 17.3 Igor Wein. ipp WE eon Coe (r.) Ovary half-inferior. DT. (pei Goo AIR Ct VERF Ovary ‘infefior!)) 5": A \ eee ol Cage Style simple ; stigma 3- nee eaves Denninedveni serrate or evenune I Style2—4-ceft. . . . 4. song PERE m Ovary incompletely 2—3- elle! 7 gold Fruit drüpacseng I- celled, r—2-seeded. Trees. Leaves opposite or nearly so. Flowers in axillary, raceme-like cymes. (See2.) . . . . Maesopsis Engl. Ovary completely 3-celled, 3-ovuled. Fruit separating into 3 dehiscing mericarps, 3-seeded. Shrubs. Leaves alternate. Flowers in axillary and terminal cymes or panicles. — ar I. South Africa and St. Helena: 9. © . . . Noltia Reichb. . Leaves 3—5-nerved er the elie: altertiaté: Fruit a drupe. Stem erect or decumbent. wi MTADIAR DL CI WON. Br Leaves penninerved. Bea but. aan or a capsule}! 2272 ee Fruit with a horizontal wing ; epicarp leathery, endocarp woody. Leaves 3-nerved, serrate; stipules transformed into spines. Flowers in axillary and terminal, raceme-like cvmes. — Species 1. Cultivated and naturalized in Algeria. Used medicinally and as a hedge-plant. Paliurus Juss. Fruit not winged; epicarp fleshy, endocarp horny woody or leathery. (See 4.) u ASU SISO) SEE STAMOS Patty Zizyphus juss. 14. 16. I7: 18. 10. 137. RHAMNACEAE — I38. VITACEAE 345 Ovary 2-celled. Style 2-cleft. Fruit with a long wing-like appendage, dry, ı-seeded, indehiscent. Climbing shrubs. Leaves alternate. — Species 3. Madagascar and neighbouring islands, West Africa. They yield fibres, tanning and dyeing materials, and medicaments. (Plate 88.) Ventilago Gaertn. Ovary 3-celled. Style 3-cleft or 3-parted. Fruit not winged, 3-seeded. Erect or almost erect, hairy shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite. Flowers in lateral inflorescences. — Species 6. Tropics. Lasiodiseus Hook. fil. . (9.) Style simple, sometimes very short, with 1—3 stigmas. Fruit separat- ing into 3 dehiscing mericarps. Seed-coat hard. Hairy plants. Leaves alternate, entire, nearly always exstipulate. Flowers solitary or in spikes, racemes, or heads. — Species 80. South Africa, southern Central Africa, Madagascar and the ae See islands. Some are used as ornamental plants. . . . : - siti. „gie L. Style 2—4-cleft. Leaves stipulate. Phase in cymes sometimes arranged in false spikes or racemes, very rarely flowerssolitary.. . . . . I6 Receptacle top-shaped, not prolonged beyond the ovary. Fruit separating into 3 elastically dehiscent mericarps. Erect shrubs or low trees. Leaves alternate, 3-nerved at the base, serrate. Flowers in axillary cymes. — Species I. East and South-east Africa, including the islands. Colubrina Brongn. Receptacle prolonged beyond the ovary. . . . . Se ay Stem tree-like. Leaves opposite, entire, BE en beneath. Flowers in axillary cymes. Anthers dehiscing by longitudinal slits which are confluent at the apex. Fruit separating into dehiscent mericarps ; epicarp somewhat iia — Species 1. Island of St. i: ne . . Nesiota Hook. fil. Stem shrubby, halt: ee or iran ck Lewes alternate. Flowers in axillary and terminal inflorescences; .: «+ . \. mn. ur, 16 Stem not climbing, without tendrils. Leaves few, lanceolate, entire. Flowers solitary or in few-flowered cymes. — Species I. South Africa Peecchanaland), . « : . 6. 22 We pa, eee, Lonel: Stem climbing, bearing tendrils. Leaves oval. Flowers in usually many- flowered cymes, false spikes, or panicles. Mericarps 3, separating from mecorareolonin. “2.00% . ri en ee es, PLO Flowers in cymes. Disc entire. Fruit wingless; mericarps dehiscing elastically. Leaves entire, I — Species 3. Tropical and =, Nu pau. Tor Au ER Er Jos) Helis E. Mey. Flowers in false spikes or racemes. Bee ae lobed. Fruit 3-winged ; mericarps dehiscing by a narrow slit or indehiscent. — Species 22. Tropics. Some are used medicinally. a Se 5 as Gouania L. FAMILY 138. VITACEAE. Shrubs or trees, usually climbing, rarely (Cissus) herbs or undershrubs. Leaves alternate, stipulate. Flowers regular, in cymose inflorescences. Calyx 346 138. VITACEAE small, entire or lobed. Petals 3—7, sometimes cohering at the base or at the apex, valvate in bud. Stamens as many as and opposite to the petals, inserted outside the hypogynous, sometimes indistinct disc. Anthers opening inwards by two longitudinal slits. Ovary 2—S-celled, seated upon the disc or more or less sunk in it. Ovules solitary in each cell or two side by side, ascending, inverted, with ventral raphe. Style simple, sometimes indistinct. Stigma entire or 2—4-lobed. Fruit a berry, usually septate. Seeds with a bony or crustaceous testa and a fleshy or cartilaginous, more or less ruminate albumen enclosing a small straight embryo. — Genera 5, species 200. (AMPELIDEAE.) (Plate 89.) 1. Filaments united with one another and with the petals. Ovary 3—8- celled, with 1 ovule in each cell. Erect shrubs or trees, without tendrils. Leaves I—3 times pinnate. — Species 3. Tropics. They yield veget- ables, edible fruits, dyes, and medicaments, and serve as ornamental plants. [Subfamily LEEOIDEAE | . .. . 1) Sea, Filaments free from each other and from the petals. or 2-celled, with 2ovulesin each cell. [Subfamily VITOIDEAE.) . . . 3... 2. Flowers polygamous-dioecious. Petals 5, cohering at the of and falling off together. Disc 5-lobed. Style very short, conical. Seeds pear- shaped, with two pits on the ventral face. Climbing shrubs. Leaves more or less distinctly 3—-5-lobed. Inflorescences paniculate, often with tendrils. — Species 1 (V. vinifera L., grape-vine). North Africa, also cultivated in other regions. It yields edible fruits, also used for preparing wine vinegar and brandy, oily seeds, and medicaments. Vitis Tourn. Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous-monoecious. Petals usually spread- ing at the time of flowering, very rarely cohering at the top, but then only 4. Seeds more or less egg-shaped.. . . . a 3. Style short-conical or wanting. Petals usually 5. ‘Disc ring-shaped. Seeds egg- or boat-shaped. Climbing shrubs. Inflorescences with tendrils. — Species 30. Tropics. Some have edible fruits. (Under Cissus L. or Vitis Tourn.) . . . . +. +. + Ampeloeissus Planch. Style filiform or columnar, Panay rather long. Inflorescences mostly without tendrils. . . . oo 4. Petals 5 or 6, very rarely 4 or 7, FPEEMAEY haus er Disc adnate to the ovary. Style usually short. Climbing shrubs. Inflorescences compact. — Species 15. Central and South Africa. (Under Cissus L. ore Vens{lourn:) ; u...» ul sleeker ee „Bhoisissus plane 5. Petals 4, not thickened. Disc usually saucer-shaped, 4-lobed and adnate to the ovary at the base only. Style usually long. — Species 150. Tropical and South Africa and Egypt. Some of them yield edible fruits or tubers, mucilage, or medicaments. (Under Vitis Tourn.) (Plate 89.) Cissus L. VITACEAE. PLOW .PL.AFR. J. Fleischmann del. Cissus cirrhosa (Thunb.) Planch. A Flowering branch. B Fruiting branch. C Male Flower, the corolla cut lengthwise. D Stamens. Ovary cut across. G Fruit. H Fruit cut lengthwise. E Ovary cut lengthwise. CHLAENACEAE, PLOW. PE, ade Pl. go. J. Fleischmann del. Leptochlaena multiflora Thouars A Flowering branch. B Flower cut lengthwise. C Cross-section of ovary, 139. ELAEOCARPACEAE — 140. CHLAENACEAE 347 ORDER MALVALES SUBORDER ELAEOCARPINEAE FAMILY 139. ELAEOCARPACEAE Trees. Leaves undivided, stipulate. Flowers in axillary racemes, regular, hermaphrodite or polygamous. Sepals 4—6, valvate in bud. Petals 4—6, hypo- gynous, free, flat at the base, toothed or fringed at the apex, valvate in bud. Stamens numerous, inserted upon a cushion-shaped receptacle. Filaments free. Anthers linear, 2-celled, opening by a terminal pore. Ovary superior, 2—5- celled. Ovules 2 or more in the inner angle of each cell, inverted, pendulous, with ventral raphe, or one of them ascending. Style simple. Fruit a drupe ' with a septate stone. Seeds albuminous ; embryo straight. (Under TILI- ACEAE.) Genus I, species 15. Madagascar, Mauritius, and Socotra. Elaeoearpus L. SUBORDER CHLAENINEAE FAMILY 140. CHLAENACEAE Trees or shrubs, rarely climbing. Leaves alternate, simple, entire, stipulate. Flowers solitary or in panicles, regular, hermaphrodite, each flower or pair of flowers usually surrounded by an involucre. Sepals 3 Petals 5—6, free, hypogynous, with contorted aestivation. Disc ring- or cup- shaped, rarely 5-parted or indistinct. Stamens Io or more, inserted within the disc or at its edge. Filaments free or united below with the disc, very rarely in 5 bundles. Anthers roundish, opening by 2 sometimes confluent longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, 3-celled, with 2 or more ovules in each cell. Style simple; stigmas ı or 3. Fruit a capsule or a nut. Seeds with a leathery testa and copious albumen. — Genera 7, species 25. Madagascar. (Under TERNSTROEMIACEAE.) (Plate 90.) 1. Involucre large, calyx-like, 3—10-lobed or many-parted. Sepals 3. Disc cupular. Ovules 2—4 in each ovary-cell, pendulous.. . . . .. 2 Involucre not calyx-like, either 2-parted or shortly cup-shaped or in- distinct or wanting ; in the two former cases ovules numerous in each ovary-cell. StamensiI2ormore. . . a | 2. Involucre consisting of numerous densely a ee en Se numerous. Ovules 2 in each ovary-cell. Fruit a capsule. — Species 5. Madagascar. Used medicinally. (Sarcolaena Thouars) Sareochlaena Thouars Bieluereienpshaped;löbed, dry...) „wald fel of Fin te 3 3. Stamens 10. Ovules 2 in each ovary-cell. Involucre 6-toothed. Fruit a one-seeded nut. — Species 7. Madagascar. (Leptolaena Thouars). (Plate go.) Mani; ¢/ls) raten. Lepteshiaena: THanars Stamens numerous. Fruit a capsule. — Species 4. Madagascar. Xerochlamys Bak. 348 140. CHLAENACEAE — I4I. TILIACEAE 4. Involucre cup-shaped, enlarged in fruit. Sepals 5, the two outer some- what smaller than the others. Disc consisting of 5 scales. Filaments united in 5 bundles. Ovules many in each ovary-cell, descending. Fruit a nut. — Species I. pang: (Sclerolaena Bak., Xyloolaena eh tnd he ery . . . Xylochlaena Baill. Involucre of two Pace or Abts eel hen or wanting. Sepals 5, the two outer much smaller than the others, or 3. Disc ring- or cup-shaped. Filaments not unitedin bundles... . . ee . Ovules many in each ovary-cell, descends. Traun enclosing two flowers, usually consisting of two laciniate bracts enlarged in fruit. Sepals 3. Disc cup-shaped. Fruit a capsule splitting to the base. — Species 5. Madagascar. (Schizolaena Thouars). Schizochlaena Thouars Ovules few in each ovary-cell. Involucre rudimentary or wanting. . 6 6. Ovules axile, descending. Outer stamens inserted on the inside of the disc. Fruit a capsule dehiscing at the top only. — Species 4. Madagas- car. (Rhodolaena Thouars). . . . . Rhodochlaena T'houars Ovules basal, ascending. Sepals 5. Outer stamens inserted at the edge of the ring-shaped disc. Stigma 3-lobed. — Species 1. Madagascar. (Evemolacna Bay ia | Sige Palio tes Eremochlaena Baill. SUBORDER MALVINEAE FAMILY 141. TILIACEAE Leaves toothed or lobed, more rarely entire or deeply divided. Stipules present. Flowers regular. Calyx valvate in bud. Petals entire or notched at the apex, rarely (Grewia) wanting. Stamens hypogynous, IO or more, rarely 5—9, free or united in 4—10 bundles. Anthers 2-celled, the cells some- times confluent at the top. Ovary superior, completely or almost completely 2- or more-celled, rarely (Christiania) deeply divided. — Genera 18, species 260. (Plate 91.) 1. Sepals combined into an entire, crenate, or 2—6-lobed calyx. Petals with contorted aestivation. Stamens numerous. Anthers roundish, opening by usually confluent, longitudinal slits. Style 4—5-parted or wanting. Ovules 1---2 in each ovary-cell. Trees or shrubs. Leaves cordate. Flowers panicled. [Tribe BROWNLOWIEAE.]. . . 2 Sepals free or nearly so. Anthers 2. by separate slits or by pores. Style simple; ih f Woo) neg 2. Ovary 2-celled, with ı rules in eae can "hend sessile, petal-like, lobed. Calyx 2—3-lobed. Flowers dioecious. Fruit 4-winged. — Species 2. East Africa and Madagascar. . . . . . Carpodiptera Gris. Ovary 4—-6-celled. Styles 4—6, free or united atthebase . . . 3 3. Flowers dioecious or polygamous. Calyx 3—4-lobed. Filaments | at the base. Ovary 5—6-parted. Stigmas horizontal, laciniate. Fruit with one-seeded cells. — Species 2. Tropics. Christiania DC. Io, 16 I4I. TILIACEAE 349 Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx 5—6-cleft. Ovules 2 in each ovary-cell. Stigmas twisted, almost entire. — Species 1. Madagascar. Speirostyla Bak. . Petals with a gland at the base, rarely (Grewia) petals wanting. Receptacle nearly always prolonged into a more or less stalk-like androphore. Anthers roundish. [Tribe GREWIEAE.]. . . Wk it aS Petals without a gland at the base. Receptacle ee ee like, rarely (Corchorus) somewhat prolonged. Anthers linear or oblong, rarely eee ceee eT goal.) Bee Perens ital. re} aobaiifag!s wa . Flowers dioecious or polygamous. Stamens 10. Ovary 3—5-celled, with numerous ovules in each cell. Leaves elliptical. Inflorescence raceme- like. — Species I. West Africa (Congo). Pentadiplandra Baill. Flowers hermaphrodite. Stamens numerous, rarely (Tviwmfetta) 5—IO, but then ovary-cells with 2ovulesineach.. . . . ana 246 . Fruit a spinv nut or schizocarp. Herbs or edle, rarely shrubs. Flowers in cymes, yellow. Stigma lobed. Ovules 2 in each ovary- cell. — Species 50. Tropical and South Africa. Some species yield fibres, vegetables, or medicaments. wire iot «tet. Balgmfetta L. Fruit an unarmed nut or drupe. Shrubs or trees. . . 7 . Fruit few-seeded, usually fleshy. Ovary 2—5-celled, ane nal 2 ovules in each cell. Filaments free. —- Species 140. Tropical and South Africa and the Sahara. They yield timber, fibre, edible fruits from which drinks are prepared, and medicaments. (Plategı.) Grewia L. Fruit many-seeded, fibrous. Ovary 4—10-celled, with numerous ovules ineachcell. Petals 4—5, small. Trees. . . pa tits 8 . Flowers 2—3 together surrounded by an involucre a es bracts. File ments free. Ovary 6—S8-celled.. . . . 9 Flowers without a distinct involucre. Einen En al the fe. Stipules.cleft.. s«))- 3 ve, CEO . Involucral bracts 3, ART. 3 es A 8- ler; Fottit with 8 furrows. Stipules awl-shaped. — Species I. West Africa. The seeds are used as a substitute for coffee. . . . . Duboseia Bocq. Involucral bracts 4, enclosing 2 flowers. Petals 4. Ovary 6 —7-celled. Fruit with 6—7 ribs. Stipules large, oblique. — Species I. West Africa (Cameroons). . . . Diplanthemum K. Schum. Ovary and fruit 4—5- Salted Bani Knien Seeds winged. — Species I. WestAfriea. . . . 0.0. 0... Desplatzia Bocq. Ovary and fruit 8—IO- calieal Fadi ha or globose. — Species 3. Equa- torial West Africa. Used medicinally. (Grewiopsis De Wild. & Dur.) Grewiella ©. Ktze. (4.) Anthers linear, surmounted by a two-tipped or scale-like appendage. Stamens numerous. Ovary 6—-10-celled, with 3 or more ovules in each cell. Shrubs or trees. [Tribe APEIBEAE.! . . . 12 Anthers without an appendage at the top, rarely surmounted = a aus point. Ovary 2—5-celled, rarely 6-celled. [Tribe TILIEAE.). . 13 350 I2. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. I4I. TILIACEAE — I42. MALVACEAE Petals 4, white, shorter than the calyx. Filaments united in 4 bundles. Anthers with a two-tipped appendage. Ovary 6-celled. Fruit globular, spiny. — Species 2. West Africa. (Including Acrosepalum Pierre). Ancistrocarpus Oliv. Petals 4—5, yellow, equalling the calyx. Filaments almost free. Anthers with a scale-like appendage. Ovary 8—ro-celled. Fruit spindle- shaped, many-celled. — Species 5. Tropics. Some are used for dyeing and in medicine. Fy ISDN] Glyphaea Hook. fil. Staminodes 5 or more. Shrubs-or trees. .:..:.. "Il. Vo." eee Staminodes none. Ok, 17 Staminodes 5, within the stamens. Anthers ending in a short point. Petals 5, white. Ovary 5-celled with 2 ovules in each cell. Stigma 5-parted. Leaves undivided, oblong or oval. — Species 3. Central Africa. + os Hans a male ca Mes) FEB: Oeee En KRAFT Cistanthera K. Schum. Staminodes numerous, outside the stamens. Ovary 4—6-celled, with 3 or more ovules in each cell. u RER, CA ees 15 Fertile stamens 7—ı0. Anthers linear. Petals 4—5, violet. Fruit oblong, prickly, not winged. — Species 3. West Africa to the Great Lakes. They yield fibre. age Honekenya Willd. Fertile stamens numerous. Petals 4, white or yellow. . . . . . I6 Petals white. Ovary 4-celled. Fruit globose, prickly. — Species 6. South and East Africa and Madagascar. S. africana L. is used as an ornamental, medicinal, and textile plant. . . . Sparmannia L. f. Petals yellow. Ovary 5—6-celled. Fruit oblong, with bristly ciliate wings. — Species 1. Equatorial West Africa. Yields fibre. Cephalonema K. Schum. Stem woody, shrubby. Leaves 6—7-parted. Sepals united at the base, bearing a small horn at the top. Petals 5, notched at the top or minutely toothed, shorter than the sepals. Stamens very numerous. Ovary 5—6- celled with 2 ovules in each cell. — Species 1. East Africa. Ceratosepalum Oliv. Stem herbaceous or woody at the base only. Leaves undivided. Sepals free. Petals yellow. Ovary 2—5-celled, with more than 2 ovules in each cell. Fruit more or less elongate, not prickly. — Species 30. Tropical and South Africa and Egypt ; one species also cultivated in other parts of North Africa. Some of them yield fibre (jute), vegetables, and Kedicaments. “num “ha pace te ee ney an CU) cpt een FAMILY 142. MALVACEAE Leaves simple, stipulate. Calyx valvate in bud. Petals 5, adhering to the staminal tube, with contorted aestivation. Stamens numerous; filaments united into a tube; anthers I-celled ; pollen-grains large, prickly. Ovary superior, sessile, 3- or more-celled, or many distinct ovaries. Ovules inverted. Seeds albuminous ; embryo curved. —- Genera 21, species 300. (Plate 92.) TILIACEAE. PLOW. PL. AFR Bl. Or J. Fleischmann del. Grewia occidentalis L. A Flower'ng branch. B Flower cut lengthwise. C Ovary cut lengthwise. DFruiting branch. E Fruit. F Cross-section of fruit. FLOW. PL, APE. J. Fleischmann del. A Flowering branch. MALVACEAE. Pavonia praemorsa Willd. B Flower cut lengthwise. C Anther. D Fruit. E Mericarp cut lengthwise. Pl. 92. D On IO. I42. MALVACEAE 351 Carpels in several rows placed one above the other, one-seeded, indehiscent, falling singly. Staminal tube beset with anthers to the top. Flowers with an epicalyx of 3 bracteoles. Herbs. — Species 3. North Africa. Used as ornamental and medicinal plants. [Tribe MALOPEAE.] Malope L. Carpels placed side by sideinone plane. . . elurhial: 22 Style-branches 10, twice as many as the ovary- ER Ovules solitary in each cell. Staminal tube truncate or minutely toothed at the top. Fruit splitting into mericarps. [Tribe URENEAE.] . > Style-branches as many as the ovary-cells, or asimplestyle. . . . 5 Ss) Flowers without an epicalyx, but inflorescence with an involucre. Carpels opposite to the petals. ai herbs. — Species 2. Tropics. Yielding eter. Ete Me . . .. « Malachra L. Flowers with an Sieadys es 5 or more Biiclbtes RE aa ED Mericarps covered with hooked bristles, indehiscent. Carpels alternating with the petals. Epicalyx of 5 bracteoles. Leaves glandular beneath. — Species 2. Tropical and South Africa ; one species only cultivated. Used as oe ud textile Plants tor PEN SIUDEOIEN N. Mericarps winged, tubercled, or with I—3 awns, een smooth. Leaves without glands on the under surface. — Species 25. Tropical and South Africa. Some of them are used as ornamental, medicinal, or textile plants. (Malache Vogel). (Plate 92.) . . . Pavonia L, . Fruit splitting into mericarps. Carpels 5 or more. Style cleft. Staminal tube loaded with antherstothetop. [Tribe MALVEAE.] . . . 6 Fruit capsular, loculicidal. Staminal tube beset with anthers on the outer face, truncate or minutely toothed at the top. [Tribe HIBISC- SPUN Sry Prt, Ada rss os. anna fo SER Segoe se ER Bemrwereett Witt Tr Ovulesı 00 000 75 0 Pi ey Carpels with 2 or more ovules, sometimes transv sary oni [Subtribe BEL INAR. |, 2000 ee ne ae SEN ara un u BE . Ovule pendulous. Stigmas terminal. Epicalvx absent. — Species 20. Some of them yield fibre, fodder, tea, and medicaments. [Subtribe PRPANAB .. ...,,: ‘ TEE Ovule ascending. Ber iouattg ee ee MALVINAE. | 8 . Style-branches bearing the stigma at the thickened, capitate apex. Shrubs or undershrubs. — Species 20. Tropical and South Africa. Some of them are used as ornamental or medicinal plants. . Malvastrum A. Gray Style-branches pointed, bearing the stigmaontheinnerface. . . + 9 . Epicalyx consisting of 3 free bracteoles or wanting. Central column of the fruit overtopping the mericarps. — Species 15. Some of them are used as ornamental or medicinal plants. “ Mallow.” . . Malva L. Epicalyx consisting of 3—9 bracteoles united below. . . . « + + 10 Central column of the fruit overtopping the mericarps. Epicalyx 3—6- cleft. — Species 12. North Africa; one species also introduced into II. I2. 12. I4. In, TO, 17. I42. MALVACEAE South Africa. Some are used as ornamental or medicinal plants. (Including Navaea Webb & Berth. and Saviniona Webb & Berth.) Lavatera L. Central column of the fruit not overtopping the mericarps. Epicalyx 6—-9-cleft. Herbs. — Species 7. North and South Africa, Mascarene Islands, and St. Helena. Several species yield fibres, dyes, mucilage, and medicaments, or serve as ornamental plants. (Including Alcea L.) Althaea L. Carpels completely or nearly completely divided into two compartments by a transverse partition. Style-branches capitate at the top. Ovules 2—3ineachcarpel. . . . wil ae Carpels without a partition. Style er ale Hhigtiah dae or club- shaped. A ieee te Le Flowers with an al a 3 Pe Secolas Petals red. Carpels numerous. Mericarps with 2 prickles at the back. Prostrate herbs. Leaves lobed. —Speciesi. South Africa ; naturalized in the Island of Madeira. Modiola Moench Flowers without an epicalyx. Petals yellow. Carpels 5. Mericarps beaked. Shrubs or undershrubs. Leaves undivided. — Species 3. iEropıes. > dihey yieldsfibres, wn. ais. . . . Wissadula Med. Flowers with an epicalyx of 3 bracteoles. € weer numerous ; ovules 2—-3 in each. — Species 5. South Africa. Used as nea plants. Gnclidins ;Shbaeromg Harv) 9.) . . «.-, Sphaeraleea St. Hil. Flowers without an epicalyx. Ovules 3—-9 in each carpel. — Species 30. Some of them yield fibres, medicaments, and a substitute for coffee, or serve as ornamental plants. . . ER Akutilon Gaertn. (5.) Style split into long or rather long ante Ovary 5-celled. Seeds kidney-shaped. ee oe) al, ey rn Style split into very short, erect ee ties i or ae a r Ovules solitary in each carpel. Stigma capitate. Epicalyx of 7—10 bracteoles. — Species a. Tropical and South Africa. Kosteletzkya Presl Ovules 2 or more in each carpela\? oi : Be Ovules 2 in each carpel. Epicalyx consisting ots 3 eae pabdihe bracteoles. Shrubs. — Species 1. East Africa. . . Jo. 7. SORTE ia Ovules 3 or more in each carpel. Epicalyx coddigaie of 3 or more narrower bracteoles or wanting. — Species 130. Some of them yield timber, fibres, dyes, perfumes, oil, vegetables, condiments, and medicaments, or serve as ornamental plants. (Including Abelmoschus Medik., Lagunaea Cav., and Paritium St. Hil.) . . J eto. FERDIERRSE Epicalyx of partly united bracteoles. C ige dad divided. Be 5- celled. Leaves small, undivided. . . ; ‘ . 36 Epicalyx of free bracteoles. Calyx not äschiy dee ne. . Epicalyx 5-parted, large. Calyx 5-parted. Trees. Leaves ovate. — Species 1. Madagascar. . . . . . Maerocalyx Cost. & Poisson I42. MALVACEAE — 143. BOMBACACEAE 353 Epicalyx r1-toothed. Calyx 2-parted. Corolla yellow. Shrubs. Leaves reniform or orbicular. — Species I. East Africa. Symphyochlamys Guerke 19. Epicalyx of 3 large, cordate bracteoles. Ovary 5-celled. Seeds woolly. Species 5, three of them growing wild in Central and South Africa, the others (cotton-plants) cultivated in various regions. They yield cotton, oil, dyes, vegetables, and medicaments. . . . . . Gossypium L. Pica, Ol small of narrow beaeteolea u a 2 ER. » « 20 20. Calyx sprinkled with black dots. Ovary 3—4-celled. Fruit readily dehiscing. Cotyledons not dotted. Shrubs or undershrubs. — Species 7. Central and South Africa. (Fugosia Juss.) Cienfuegosia Cav. Calyx not dotted. Ovary 5-celled. Fruit not or hardly dehiscing. Seeds _ woolly. Cotvledons usually marked with black dots. Trees or shrubs. Leaves undivided. — Species 5. Tropics to Delagoa Bay. They yield timber, fibres, dyes, and medicaments. N Pnespesia’ Corr. FAMILY 143. BOMBACACEAE Trees. Leaves digitate, stipulate. Flowers solitary or fascicled, hermaph- rodite, without an epicalyx.. Calyx with valvate, closed, or open aestivation. Petals 5, adhering at the base to the staminal tube, with contorted aestivation. Stamens 5 or more, united below. Anthers I-celled. Pollen-grains smooth or almost so. Ovary superior or nearly so, 5—10-celled, the cells opposite to the petals. Ovules numerous in each cell, ascending or horizontal, inverted. Style simple. Fruit a capsule or a nut. Seeds with a scanty albumen and a curved embryo with folded or coiled cotyledons. — Genera 3, species 13. Tropics. (Under MALVACEAE or STERCULIACEAE.) (Plate 93.) I. Stamens 5. Anthers twisted. Calyx lobed. Stigma capitate. Fruit leathery, woolly within, dehiscent. — Species 1 (C. pentandra Gaertn., silk-cotton-tree). Central Africa; naturalized in Madagascar and the Mascarenes. Yields timber, bast, tanning materials, wool for stuffing, oil, condiments, vegetables, and medicaments. (Eriodendron DC.) Ceiba Gaertn. Pramas unienaisss 6°02) DIR SPW SOR” DOL pear) FI ‚22 2. Calyx truncate or irregularly 3—5-cleft, with open or closed aestivation. Stigma 5-partite or capitate. Fruit hairy within, dehiscent. — Species 6. Central Africa. They vield timber, wool for stuffing, and medicaments (Including Pachira Aubl.) (Plate 93.) . . . . . Bombax L. Calyx 5-cleft, with valvate aestivation. Stigma 5—10-partite. Fruit woody, filled with pulp, indehiscent. Flowers solitary, pendulous. — Species 6. Tropics. They yield wood, fibres, tanning materials, vegetables, oil, condiments, and medicaments. The pulp of the fruits and the seeds are edible; from the former a drink is prepared. “ Baobab.” Adansonia L. Z 354 144. STERCULIACEAE FAMILY 144. STERCULIACEAE Leaves. alternate, stipulate, rarely (Hua) exstipulate. Sepals more or less united, valvate in bud, rarely (Cotylonvchia) at first imbricate. Petals 5, with contorted, rarely (Hua) valvate aestivation, sometimes adnate to the staminal tube, or rudimentary, or wanting. Stamens as many as the sepals or more, Filaments usually more or less united. Anthers 2-celled, rarely (Triplochiton) 1-celled. Ovary superior, 3- or more-celled, or several free ovaries, rarely ovary I—2-celled. Ovules inverted, usually 2 or more to each carpel. — Genera 28, species 470. (Including BUETTNERIACEAE and TRIPLOCHITONACEAE.) (Plate 94.) I. Flowers unisexual or polygamous, without a corolla. Filaments united. Male flowers without staminodes. Styles free at the base or throughout. Trees. abe STERN We PG. | ne, “u 3 Flowers hermaphrodite, rarely PORT but ee as nearly always, provided withacorolla. . . . x : ‘ +. See bo . Carpels numerous, in several rows. a 6—8, mee or brown. Anthers numerous, arranged in a ring. — Species 2. West Africa. Octolobus Welw. Carpels 3—12, in a single row. Calyx-lobes 4—5. 2. 2. . ww 03 3. Anthers arranged irregularly, crowded in a head, numerous. Seeds albumimous. Sn te we te EN Anthers‘arranged inating. .. Si. ae ee ee 4. Calyx tubular, red. Ovules 2 in each carpel. Fruit with a membranous rind, one-seeded, dehiscing before the time of maturity. Leaves un- divided. — Species1. West Africa. Yields fibre. (Under Sterculia L.) Firmiana Marsigli Calyx campanulate. Ovules more than 2 in each carpel. Fruit with a woody or leathery rind, dehiscing at maturity. — Species 25. Tropical and South Africa. Some species yield timber, fibre, gum (African tragacanth), vegetables, edible fruits, oily seeds, and medicaments. (Including Eribrema Pierre). rim. #4 mm ein.) OREM 5. Anthers 4—5, inserted below the apex of the staminal column. Ovules 2 in each carpel. Calyx shortly lobed. Ripe carpels woody, winged, indehiscent. Seeds exalbuminous. — Species 3. Tropics. They yield timber, bark for tanning, and medicaments. . . . . Heritiera Ait. Anthers 8 or more, rarely 5, but then inserted at the apex of the staminal column. Ovules 3 or more in each carpel. Ripe carpels dehiscent. 6 6. Seeds winged, albuminous. Leaves undivided. — Species 4. | Central Africa, (Under Sterculia' Ll.) . . 7.2 200%... Pterygota Endl. Seeds wingless, exalbuminous. — Species 45. Central and South-east Africa. Some species yield timber, vegetables, and edible seeds (cola- nuts) which are also used medicinally. (Edwardia Rafin.) Cola Schott | BOMBACACEAE. moOW. PL.AFR Pl. 03. J. Fleischmann del. Bombax lukayensis De Wild. and Dur. A Flowering branch, B Flower-bud cut lengthwise (the anthers cut off excepting one). C Anther. PEOW oF EL. STERCULIACEAE. AFR. J. Fleischmann del. Dombeya Bruceana A. Rich. A Flowering branch. B Flower cut lengthwise. C Cross-section of ovary. 94: “I IO. IT. 13. T4. IS. I44. STERCULIACEAE 355 . (1.) Petals minute or wanting. Stamens 5, free or almost free. Ovary 3—5-celled, with 3 or more ovules in each cell. Shrubs. — Species 1. Madagascar. [Tribe LASIOPETALEAEF.] . . Keraudrenia Gay Petals distinctly developed. . . . . 8 . Carpels distinct, surrounded by 5—10 Sea ike seathinibtes fiibted in the bud. Stamens ro—30, inserted upon a raised receptacle, free. Fruit winged. Trees. Flowers panicled. [Tribe MANSONIEAE.] 9 Carpels not surrounded by petal-like staminodes. Anthers 2-celled. . 10 Calyx spathe-like. Petals oblong, with a gland at the base. Stamens 10, inserted upon a long androphore. Staminodes Io, oblong-linear, glabrous. Leaves toothed. Panicles terminal, many-flowered. — Species 1. West Africa. Yieldstimber. . . . Achantia A. Chev. Calyx 5-parted. Petals obovate, without glands. Stamens 30, upon a short androphore. Staminodes 5, ovate, downy. Leaves _ lobed. Panicles lateral, few-flowered. — Species 1. West Africa. Yields timber. re le iar Triplochiton K. Schum. Petals or their lower are Honda. Me ea Se Petals or their lower part flat or slightly borne Sa eameennck one of BEREIT Le OEDErS Hat. „ann Te te ES DE i ER Ovary I-celled, with a single ovule. Stamens united in pairs. Staminodes none. Petals clawed, with a spur-like appendage. Trees. — Species I. Equatorial West Africa. The bark and the seeds are used as condiments. Hua Pierre Ovary 2- or more-celled, with two or more ovules in each cell. [Tribe BUETTNERIEAE.] Be. 5 eee ty 12 Staminodes absent. Fertile es ng uiid = the BusE Sepals at ‘ first imbricate. Petals with a saucer-shaped claw and a lanceolate blade. Ovary 5-celled, with numerous ovules. Shrubs. Leaves undivided. Flowers in racemes. -— Species I. West Africa (Congo). Cotylonychia Stapt Staminodes present. . . . ee Ark AR aren ee LE ES Stamens united in pairs or Bündiee. Shrubs or trees. [Subtribe OCIDATE. |]. se me i NE eT cee ER 1} Stamens united below in a ring or Habe. anthers solitary between the barren lobes. Petals with a blade. Ovdies 2—-3 in each ovary-cell. [Subtribe BUETTNERINAE.] . . . ve the eS Pay Petals with a blade above the hood. Gvitie?4 numerous in eae ovary- cell. TR. a AN es) DB Petals without a bladb. ee: A eh en Pens tee, ip EO Petals with a 2-parted blade. Staminodes short. Fruit with a woody, prickly rind, dehiscent. Cotyledons coiled. Trees. Leaves serrate. Flowers in panicles. — Species I. Cultivated in the tropics, naturalized in the Mascarene Islands. Yields timber, fibre, a mucilage used for clarifying sugar, fodder, edible fruits, and medicaments. Guazuma Plum. 356 144. STERCULIACEAE Petals with an entire blade. Staminodes long. Fruit with a leathery rind, indehiscent. Cotyledons wrinkled. Leaves entire or sinuate. Flowers in cymes. — Species 3 (chiefly Th. Cacao L.). Cultivated in the tropics. The seeds are used for the preparation of cocoa, chocolate, and cocoa- butter, the pericarp for making a ER, They yield also fibres and are used in medicine. : reat Theobroma L. 16. Staminal tube bell-shaped. Aether in ae aa clusters of 3. Stam- inodes Az leai-like, bent outwards. Shrubs. — Species 10. West Bea. „2 . . . . Seaphopetalum Mast. Staiminal tube ring- hana Ra dr upon oe filaments. Stam- inodes in bundles, thread-like. — Species 10. Central Africa. Leptonychia Turcz. 17. Petals clawed, adhering to the cupular staminal tube. Anthers sessile or nearly so. Seeds exalbuminous. —— Species 13. Tropics. Buettnera L. Petals sessile, free from the annular staminal tube. Anthers stalked. Seeds albuminous. — Species 2. Madagascar. . Ruelingia R. Br. 18. (10.) Stamens and carpels inserted on a long gynophore. Petals unequal, one of them hooded, red, deciduous. Stamens in bundles of 3 alternating with staminodes. Ovary 5-celled with 3—5 ovules in each cell. Trees. — Species I. Comoro Island. Yields timber. [Tribe HELICTER- SAAS, |. Euer oj. ad foe, Lae Stamens and carpels sate on a very eho gynophore or without a gynophore. Petals equal or ig it flat or aid convex, not NGOUEE sn) 56 a sr =. 19. Fertile stamens 5; BE. maine or Patines: Betas deciduous, usually slightly oblique. [Tribe HERMANNIEAE.] .. . 20 Fertile stamens 10 or more, rarely (Melhania) 5, but then alternating with long staminodes. Filaments united at the base. Petals usually very oblique and persistent. [Tribe DOMBEYEAE.] . . . . 22 20. Filaments free, broadened at the base or above the middle. Ovary 5- celled, the cells alternating with the petals. Ovules 3 or more in each cell. Seeds reniform ; embryo curved. Herbs, undershrubs, or small shrubs. — Species 190. South and Central Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants. (Including Mahernia L.) [Subtribe HERMANNINAE. | Hermannia L. Filaments united below, not broadened above. Ovary 5-celled, the cells opposite to the petals, or I-celled. Ovules 2 in each cell. Seeds ellip- tical; embryo straight. [Subtribe MELOCHINAE]. . . sc BE 21. Ovary I-celled. Style 1, simple; stigma penicillate. —_ Sa 2. Tropi- cal and South Africa and Canary Islands. Used medicinally. Waltheria L. Ovary 5-celled. Styles or style-branches 5. — Species 5. Tropics; one species only naturalized. They yield fibres, vegetables, and medica- ments. (Including Altheria Thouars) . . . . . . Melochia L. 144. STERCULIACEAE — 145. SCYTOPETALACEAE 357 22. Staminodes wanting. Ovules 2 in each ovary-cell. Shrubs or trees. 23 Staminodes 2---8, usually 5. . 24 23. Ovary-cells and styles5. Anthers 20. Fruit with loculicidal dehiscence. — Species r. Island of Mauritius. . . ee et AST Line), Ovary-cells and styles 10. Anthers 20—30, associated in 5 bundles. Fruit with loculicidal and septicidal dehiscence. -— Species 1. Island of Beulen. | eee | ee + a Rulzia Cav, 24. Fertile stamens 5. Ovary 5- coiled. Braticoles 3, persistent. Herbs, undershrubs, or low shrubs. — Species 30. Tropical and South Africa. Melhania Forsk. Fertile stamens 19 or more. Bracteoles deciduous or wanting. . 1345 Ovary almost completely 2-celled with 1 ovule in each cell. Petals slightly oblique, deciduous. Bracteoles remote irom the flower. U:idershrubs. = species 3... Bast Africa,: . 5 „nr Harmsia’K.’Schum. Ovary 3—I0-, usually ane with 2 or more ovules in each cell. Trees oS .; % : ; : Sete eh AG 26. Ovules 2 in each ovary- sed, - el Bact apical and South Africa. Some species yield timber, fibres, and medicaments, or serve as orna- mental plants. ia Assonia Cav. and Xeropetalum Del.) (Plate D UL Of) ear sce 2. rks . . Dombeya Cav. Ovules 3 or more in each ovary- A Stele eee Fe pie 27 27. Bracteoles palmately cut. Petals falling off together with the staminal tube. Leaves linear. — Species 1. Madagascar and Mascarenes. Cheirolaena Benth. Bracteoles entire or wanting. Petals persistent. — Species 8. Madagascar Een LO RN Trochetia DC. SUBORDER SCYTOPETALINEAE FAMILY 145. SCYTOPETALACEAE Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, undivided. Flowers in fascicles, racemes» or panicles. Calyx entire or lobed. Petals 3—16, free or almost free, valvate in bud, more rarely wholly united. Stamens numerous, slightly perigynous. Anthers attached by the base. Ovary superior, rarely half-inferior, completely or almost completely 3—8-celled. Ovules 2 or more in each cell, pendulous, inverted, with dorsal raphe. Style simple. Seeds albuminous. — Genera 5, species 40. West Africa. (RHAPTOPETALACEAE, under OLACINEAE.) (Plate 95.) 1. Ovules 2 in each ovary-cell. Anthers usually opening by longitudinal slits. Corolla furrowed in the bud, subsequently separating into 5 or more petals. Fruit one-seeded. Seeds usually without a crown of hairs. Flowers in axillary or terminal racemes or panicles. [Tribe OUGANGUIBAR TH 7,7. Pet 3 as (eee. et) SP ae Ovules 6 or more in each ovaıy- cell. hed ewats usually opening by apical pores. Corolla not furrowed in the bud, sometimes subsequently 358 145. SCYTOPETALACEAE — 140. DILLENIACEAE separating into 2—5 petals. Seeds usually with a crown of hairs. Flowers in fascicles or cymes, usually on the old wood. [Tribe RHAP- TOPETALEAE.|. EEE A ws secu fonie: Siereeal Eee 2. Flowers in racemes. Stigma usually lobed. Fruit a drupe. Albumen ruminate. — Species 9. West Africa. . . . . Seytopetalum Pierre Flowers in panicles. Stigma entire. Fruit a capsule. Albumen uniform. —Species1o. West Africa. (Including Egassea Pierre) Oubanguia Baill. 3. Ovary almost supericr to half-superior. Fruit a one-seeded drupe. Albu- men ruminate. — Species 5. West Africa. (Plate 95.) Rhaptopetalum Oliv. Ovary superior. Fruit a several-seeded capsule. Albumen uniform.. 4 4. Fruit long, with 2 fertile and 2 sterile cells. — Species 2. Equatorial West Africa (Cameroons). . STEN Pierrina Engl. Fruit short, with 4—-6 fertile cells. —- Ds eae I = West Africa. (Including Erythrobyzis Pierre)... ._. 5 sw es a ), BE ORDER PARIETALES SUBORDER THEINEAE FAMILY 146. DILLENIACEAE Shrubs or trees. Leaves undivided. Sepals imbricate in bud, persistent in fruit. Petals imbricate in bud. Stamens numerous, hypogynous. Anthers adnate. Carpels 2 or more, free or united at the base of the ovarial portion. Ovules erect, ascending or horizontal, inverted, with a ventral raphe. Fruit dry. Seeds with an aril; albumen abundant; embryo minute, straight. — Genera 3, species 25. Tropics. (Plate 96.) 1. Filaments much broadened at the top. Anther-halves short, diverging below, opening lengthwise. Aril laciniate. Leaves hispid, penninerved with parallel side-nerves, exstipulate. Flowers in panicles. — Species 20. Tropics. The stem of several species (especially 7. alnifolia L., water-tree) secretes much watery juice when cut across. (Plate 96.) KEribe TETRAQERAEB.) . 2 euler os . ‘ste ..detracena L. Filaments not conspicuously broadened. aes halves long, parallel. 2 2. Stamens crowded at one side of the flower. Anthers opening by long- itudinal slits. Carpels 2, free. Ovules I—3. Leaves opposite, oblong, one-nerved or faintly net-veined. Flowers in racemes. -— Species 2. Madagascar. . . oy verti tty del pbeniis:, Ammer, Stamens equally distipaien: all rag Aare opening by apical pores sometimes prolonged downwards into slits. Carpels 5 or more, united at the base. Ovules numerous. Leaves penninerved, with parallel side-nerves, usually stipulate. — Species 3. Madagascar and neighbour- ing islands. They yield timber. (Wormia Blume) . . Dillenia L. SCYTOPETALACEAE. FLOW. PL. AFR. PL, J. Fleischmann del. a Rhaptopetalum sessilifolium Engl. A Part of flowering branch. B End of branch. C Flower cut lengthwise. D Stamen. E Cross-section of ovary. DILLENIACEAE. FLOW. PLYAFR. Pl. 96: J. Fleischmann del. Tetracera alnifolia Willd. A Flowering branch. B Flower cut lengthwise (most of the stamens cut ofl) C Anther. 147. OCHNACEAE 359 FAMILY 147. OCHNACEAE Leaves alternate, undivided, usually stipulate. Flowers in racemes or panicles, rarely solitary, hermaphrodite. ‘Sepals free or nearly so, imbricate in bud. Petals free, with imbricate or contorted aestivation. Stamens hypogynous or nearly so. Anthers adnate, 2-celled, usually opening by apical pores. Receptacle usually prolonged into a gynophore. Carpels almost free, but with a common style, or united. Style undivided or cleft. Ovules with a ventral raphe. Embryo of the seeds rather large. —- Genera 7, species 150. Tropical and South Africa. (Plate 97.) 1. Fertile stamens 5. Petals usually white or red. Seeds albuminous. RU ACCES MCS. Eee ET eee > Fertile stamens 10 or more; no staminodes. Petals usually yellow. Seeds exalbuminous. Shrubsor ites... ee... CO 2. Anthers opening by apical pores. Staminodes absent. Ovary 3-celled with ı pendulous ovule in each cell. Leaves glandular. Flowers in racemes. — Species 2. South Africa (Cape Colony). Roridula L. Anthers opening by longitudinal slits. Staminodes present. Ovary I- celled or 3-celled at the base, with numerous parietal ovules. [Tribe RNa OU RACE Pe tink ee anne a ee 3. Staminodes in one row, 5, petal-like, adnate below to the fertile stamens: Flowers in cymes. — Species 2. West Africa. . . Vausagesia Baill. Staminodes in two rows, the 5 inner petal-like, free, but de into a tube, the outer numerous, thread-shaped. Flowers usually solitary. — Species 2. Tropical and South Africa. Used medicinally. Sauvagesia L, 4. Ovary I, one-celled or two-celled at the base, with numerous basal ovules. Style 2-cleft. Stamens numerous, in 3—5 indistinct rows. Sepals enlarged and wing-like in fruit: Fruit a woody capsule. — Species I (L. alata Banks). Central Africa. Yields timber, oily seeds, and medicaments. (Tribe LOPHIREAE.) . . . . Lophira Banks Ovaries 3—15, free, with one ovule in each and with a common style. Stamens in 2—3 rows. Sepals not wing-like. Fruit a drupe or con- sisting of several drupes. [Tribe OURATEEAE.} . . «ss . 5 5. Stamens numerous, in 3 rows. Filaments as long as or longer than the anthers. — Species 80. Tropical and South Africa. Some species yield timber or dye-stuffs. (Plate 97.). . ie oe . “Se Ochna L. Stamens 10, in 2 rows. Filaments shorter than he anthers or wanting. 6 6. Anthers borne upon distinct filaments, oblong, smooth, opening by longi- tudinal slits or by apical pores which later on are prolonged into slits. Ovules, seeds, and embryo curved. Flowers in few-flowered clusters. — species 3.) East Amica.) ; . . ... Braekenridgea A. Gray Anthers subsessile, linear, ns or warty, opening by apical pores. Flowers in many-flowered panicles or racemes. — Species 60. Tropics. feonmnig Schreb:). - » = « spel eshte «oT. Ouratea Aubl. 360 148. THEACEAE — 149. GUTTIFERAE FAMILY 148, THEACEAE Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, undivided, without stipules. Sepals 5, free or united at the base, imbricate in bud. Petals 5, free or united below, with imbricate or contorted aestivation. Stamens Io or more, rarely (Thom- asselia) 5. Ovary superior or almost so, 2—5-celled, with 2 or more ovules in each cell. Fruit a capsule or anut. Albumen scanty or wanting. — Genera 6, species12. Tropicsand Canary Islands. (TERNSTROEMIACEAE.) (Plateg8.) I. Flowers in cymes or ap Fruit a capsule. [Tribe ASTEROPEI- N 9 sf TEE ee Flowers solitary or in pairs in Ki ee Sr ‘he ee wet 4 2. Fertile stamens 5, alternating with staminodes Ce are ti in 5 bundles. Ovary 5-celled. Flowers in long-stalked, axillary clusters. — Species 1. Seychelles... . ~ .» 2. DEOMASSBEE IE Fertile stamens 10 or more. Flowers in ee Er 3 3. Stamens 10—15, united at the base. Anthers versatile, red Ward. Ovary 3-celled. Sepals enlarged and wing-like in fruit. Low trees or climbing shrubs. — +e 6. 2 Me (Including Rhodoclada Bak;) San; . . . Asteropeia Thouars Stamens numerous. ‘OW: ary fee celia. ht with 5 wing-like ribs. Tall trees. Inflorescence terminal, scantily branched. — Species 1. Mad- agascar. Yields timber. RR . . . Nesogordonia Baill. 4. Anthers versatile, turned outwards. Statens numerous, the outer ones united at the base. Ovules 4—6 in each ovary-cell. Fruit a capsule. Seeds wingless, exalbuminous ; embryo straight. — Species 2. Culti- vated and occasionally naturalized in the tropics. One of them (TA. sinensis L.) is the tea-plant, the other (Th. japonica L., camellia) is an ornamental plant and yields wood and oily seeds. (Including Camellia Ls). abe: THEEAE.) sir inet een bas dootsln ee Anthers adnate. Fruit a nut. Seeds albuminous; embryo curved. f‘Tribeul ER NSTROEMIEAB eee! sail). etnogigk born A 5. Ovules 2—3 in each cell, axile, descending. Styles 3. Fruit half-inferior. — Species 1. Canary Islands. It has edible fruits and is used in medicine and as an ornamental plant. (Plate 98.) . . Visnea L. f. Ovules many in each cell, attached to a pendulous placenta. Style 1, simple. — Species 1. West Africa. . . . . . Adinandra Jacks. FAMILY 149. GUTTIFERAE Leaves opposite, rarely whorled, undivided.” Flowers regular. Vetals with imbricate or contorted aestivation. Stamens numerous, hypogynous. Ovary superior. Seeds exalbuminous. — Genera 16, species 180. (Including CLUST- ACEAE and HYPERICINEAE.) (Plate 99.) I. Ovary-cells and styles numerous (17—24): Ovules 2 in each cell, one ascending, the other pendulous. Filaments free. Shrubs. — Species I. Seychelles g= 2 Musa Ip Dis DIBWON Vogt Medusagyae Bars Ovaryieells I—I2; Styles I—5: pian ana ol MIO RENOWN) ae OCHNACEAE. FLOW. PL. AFR. Pl. 97. J. Fleischmann del. Ochna Hoepfneri Engi. & Gilg A Inflorescence. B F'ower cut lengthwise (most of the stamens cut off). C Fruiting branch. D Mericarp. THEACEAE. FLOW, PR:AFR, Pl. 98. J. Fleischmann del. Visnea Mocanera L. f. A Flowering brench. B Flower. C Flower cut lengthwise. D End of a fruiting branch. E Young truit. F Young fruit cut lengthwise. D I49. GUTTIFERAE 361 . Styles 3—-5, free or united below. Sepals 5. Embryo with distinct, not very thick cotyledons. [Subfamily HYPERICOIDEAE . | 3 Style 1, undivided or cleft at the top, or I sessile stigma. Shrubs or trees. 7 . Fruit a berry or a drupe. Carpels 5. Seeds not winged; cotyledons longer than the radicle. Petals usually woolly within. Stamens in Povudies, “Siraps orgrees. [lribe VISMIBARP TE Fruit a capsule, rarely a berry, but then carpels 3. Petals glabrous with- . Fruit a drupe. Ovules 2—3 in each ovary-cell. Stamens in bundles of 3—5. — Species I (H. paniculata Lodd.). Tropics. Yields timber, dyes, edible fruit from which a drink is prepared, and medicaments. (Harungana Lam.) ee ee Haronga Thouars Fruit aberry. Stamens in are! of ade te oes a CS . Ovules I—2 in each ovary-cell. Embryo with ir twisted cotyledons. Flowers in terminal, umbel-like cymes. -—— Species 35. Tropics. Some are used medicinally... . . . . . Psorospermum a Ovules 3 or more in each ovary- a Eitlhrr o with semiterete cotyledons Flowers in panicles. — Species 6. Central Africa. (Caopia Adans.) Vismia Vell. Fruit dehiscing septicidally and loculicidally. Seeds with a long wing. Embryo with a very short radicle and longer cotyledons. Ovary 3- celled, with 2 ovules in each cell. Stamens in 3 bundles. Petals with a basal appendage. Shrubs. — Species 2. Madagascar. [Tribe CA TO VEN. Mines, Camb. Fruit dehiscing septicidally, rarely indehiscent. Seeds without a distinct wing, but sometimes keeled. Embryo with the cotyledons usually shorter than the radicle. — Species 35. Some of them yield wood and medicaments, or serve as ornamental plants. (Including Andvosacmum All. and Triadenia Spach). [Tribe HY PERICEAE. ] Hypericum L. (2.) Style very short or wanting. Fruit a berry. Seeds usually with an aril. Embryo undivided. [Subfamily CLUSIOIDEAE, tribe GAR- GINJEAE | hp %« use AP 8 Style distinctly loc. Sands nilly ee an nl "APRES EL): Oe Ba © Ovary incompletely 5-celled with numerous parietal ovules in each cell. Flowers unisexual. Sepals 5. Petals 5. Stamens in 5 _ bundles. Anthers opening by longitudinal slits. Seeds with an aril. — Species 4. Central Africa. The seeds yield a fat. (Including Stearodendron Baph)ybrPlatergg:) barn „ui; : . . . Allanblackia Oliv. Ovary completely 2—12-celled wi I—2 axile ovules in each cell. Flowers Bentapktoditeor.polyvgamous.kipıma lan iz ara 629 Ovary with 2—3 two-ovuled cells, sometimes each cell subsequently divided into two incomplete, one-ovuled compartments. Sepals 2. Petals 4. Filaments united at the base. Seeds without an aril. Flowers in clusters, rarely solitary. — Species 12. Madagascar and West 362 10: 321% 14. 15. 149. GUTTIFERAE Africa. They yield timber, dyes, and edible fruits. (Calysaccion Wieht)ga2@1001% lien WI. sr Ochrocarpus Thouars Ovary with one-ovuled eel, Seeds with an aml...) eh me) alyie IO Sepals 2. Petals 4—7. Filaments free. — Species 4. Madagascar. (Including T'simatimia Jum. et Perrier), . . . . . Rheedia IL. Sepals 4—5, rarely 2, but then filaments united in several bundles. Petals 4—5. — Species 60. Tropical and South Africa. Some species yield timber, gum-resin (gambodge), dyes, edible fruits, fat-containing seeds, and various medicaments, among which are the false cola-nuts. (Including Xanthochymus Roxb.) . . . 5. . EEE Ovary 5-celled, with several or many ovules in ee cell. Style 5-cleft. Sepals 5. Petals 5. Stamens united in 5 bundles or in a tube. Fruit a berry. Embryo undivided. [Subfamily MORONOBOIDEAE.| 12 Ovary 1—¥4-celled with 1—2 ovules in each cell, surmounted by a simple style with an entire or 2—4-parted stigma, rarely (Hvpericum) ovary 5-celled and style or stigma 5-cleft, but then fruit a capsule and embryo with distinct cotyledons... . RR +. re . Stamens in 5 bundles consisting Ki numerous Baten: ce Sepals nearly equalling the petals. — Species 3. West Africa. The fruits of the tallow-tree (P. butyracea Sabine) yield a fat. . Pentadesma Sabine Stamens united in a tube, the lobes of which bear 3—¥4 anthers each. Sepals much smaller than the petals. Disc cupular. — Species 15. Madagascar and West Africa. S. globulifera L. f. yields timber and a resin used industrially and medicinally ; other species afford edible fruits, oily seeds, tood for silkworms, and medicaments. (Including Chrysopia Thouars). . vn". . . . Symphonia L. 1. . Sepals 2—4. Stamens free or u ne at the base. Ovary I—4- celled with 1-—2 ovules in each cell. Fruit a drupe. Embryo with a very short radicle and thick-fleshy cotyledons. [Subfamily CALOPHYL- CREA Ech: 0 ME Ta 15439 ER ee eee BES Bepals. 5:7 7.85 ; GEISTIGE Mioy Sty ee Ovary I-celled, with a Eee Bad dactie: Fleshy mesocarp thin. Flowers in racemes or panicles. —- Species 6. Madagascar and East Africa. They yield timber, resin, oil, fish-poison, and medicaments. Calophyllum L. Ovary 2-—4-celled, with altogether 4 ovules. Flowers solitary or in clusters. — Species 2, one growing wild in West Africa, the other (M. americana L.) cultivated in the tropics and naturalized on the Cape Verde Islands. The latter species vields timber, resin, medicaments, and edible fruits (mammee-appies), which are also used for preparing drinks. Mammea L. Ovary I-celled, with a single pendulous ovule. Filaments united at the base in 5 bundles, further upwards in a tube. Fruit a drupe Embryo with a verv short radicle and thick cotyledons. — Species I. West Africa. [Subfamily ENDODESMIOIDEAE.| Endodesmia Benth. Ovary 2 ed „ 15. Madagascar and neighbouring islands and East Africa. . . . . . Erythrospermum Lam. Stamens 20 or more, a ‘whites oblong or linear. Style 3---4- cleft: or'-patiea reas tae rel OL +! SE > Saeed ZN 37 29 PER Flowers hermaphrodite. Style 3, free. Fruit a few-seeded, loculicidal capsule. Low trees. Leaves Wa Flowers in spikes. —- Species T. Equatorial West Africa. . . . i - Pyramidocarpus Oliv. Flowers unisexual or polygamous. Style I, with 4 branches. Fruit a many-seeded, septicidal capsule. Tall trees. Flowers in racemes. — Species 2. Equatorial West Africa. (Cerolepis Pierre). Camptostylus Gilg (I.)" Petals ipresent. HOvary Tecelled 7 2 Lames a ee Petals absent, Sepals 3--6, very rarely 78... es EI 6 ee Petals more than sepals, unappendaged. Stamens numerous. Ovary superior. « 2 a Me. DE eee hee. 2 Petals as many aswsepals, „ai Kara fate} ee Stamens collected in bundles opposite to the petals and alternating with 8 glands inserted at the margin of the receptacle. Calyx 4-partıte. Petals 8. Ovules few, suspended from the upper part of the placentas. Styles 3—4. Flowers in axillary spikes. — Species 1. West Airica. Dissomeria Benth. Stamens not in bundles. Receptacle without glands. Ovules numerous, parietal. Style 1, simple cleft or 2-parted. [Tribe ONCOBEAE.] 10 Sepals wholly or partly united, when young, with valvate aestivation. Siyle sımple: 9 hist ioe Te eee Sepals free or nearly so, with “uhbiitahe ee ee Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous, in few-flowered racemes. Calyx hood-shaped. Petals 5. Filaments free, thread-shaped. Placentas 2—3. Fruit a capsule. — Species 1. Madagascar. Prockiopsis Baill. Flowers dioecious, in fascicles or abbreviated spikes or racemes. Calyx of 3 sepals. Petals 6—7. Stamens in 2 rows, the outer longer and with broadened, incompletely united filaments. Placentas 3—5. — Species 5. Central Africa... ,° 3°") ogee ~=Buehnerodendron|Guerke 22: T4. En, 16. 17. 18. 19. I59. FLACOURTIACEAE 369 Flowers hermaphrodite. Sepals 3. Petals g—12. Anthers attached by _ the back, vary and fruit winged. Style long, 2-cleft at the top, with small stigmas. Shrubs. Leaves serrate, stipulate. Flowers in the axils of undeveloped leaves, towards the ends of the branches, — Species San West Alien; 3. ser hialn Sl ut N PoggeaGuerke Flowers polygamous or unisexngl, Retake 4-—-I2.. . A Ye . Style very short, with 2—4 recurved stigmas. Anthers Hire hed by BE back near the base. Sepals 3. Petals 5—7. Fruit winged. Shrubs. Leaves entire, stipulate. Flowers in spikes. — Species 1. East Africa. Grandidiera Jaub. Style thread-shaped, simple or 3—7-cleft. Anthers attached by the base. Fruit not winged. Flowers solitary or in fascicles or racemes. .. . 14 Flowers rather small, in racemes. Stigma inconspicuous or slightly branched. Placentas 3. Seeds few. Leafstalk jointed. Branches with- out spines. — Species 6. Central Africa. (Under Oncoba Forsk.) Lindackeria Presl Flowers large. Placentas4ormore. . . 15 Stigma (or style-apex) not thickened, heey ied or en into several branches. Fruit dehiscing incompletely ; seeds numerous, minute. Leafstalk jointed. Branches without spines. — Species 15. Central Africa. Some have edible fruits or serve as ornamental or medicinal plants. (Under Oncoba Forsk.) . . . Caloncoba Gilg Stigma thickened or divided into many branches. Leafstalk not jointed. ‘Flowers solitary or 2—3 together. . . 16 Branches without spines. Fruit ovoid, hanteedt Ama; BY PER, RE seeds few, large. — Species 10. Tropical and South-east Africa. Bate species have edible fruits or serve as ornamental or medicinal plants. (Under Oncoba Forsk.) . . . . . . . Xylotheea Hochst. Branches spinous. Fruit globose, er with many placentas and numerous seeds. —- Species 2. Central Africa. Used medicinally ; the fruits are edible and used for making ornaments. Oneoba Forsk. (8.) Petals 5, each with a scale-like appendage at the base. Sepals valvate in bud. Stamens 10o—12. Anthers opening at the top. Ovary super- ior. Styles 2—5. Flowers dioecious, in axillary cymes. Shrubs. —- Species 6. South and East Africa. {Tribe PANGIEAE.] Kiggelaria L. Petals without scales at the base. Anthers opening lengthwise. . . 18 Receptacle (flower-tube) bearing a cupular or filamentous corona at its margin. Petals 5. Ovary superior. Seeds with an aril. [Tribe PAROPSIEAE-.} GON, News... 10 Receptacle without a corona, Bi ee eat bande. ie me Sel Anthers peltate, 4-celled. Stamens numerous, perigynous. Corona short- tubular, entire. Ovules 6, apical. Styles 3, long. Stigmas not thick- ened. Low trees. Leaves entire, stipulate. Flowers in elongated axillary spikes or racemes. — Species 3. West Africa. Soyauxia Oliv. 2A 37° 20. 2I. 22. 23. 24. 26. 28: I59. FLACOURTIACEAE Anthers cordate, 2-celled. Ovules parietal. Stigmas thickened. Flowers solitary or in fascicles or terminal panicles... . . . . . . . 20 Ovules 2 on each placenta. Styles 3. Stamens 5. Filaments broadened and united below. Corona many-parted. Flowers in terminal panicles. Bracts with two large glands at the base. — Species I. West Africa (Liberia). (Under Paropsia Nor). . . . . Androsiphonia Stapf Qvules'5or'more on each placenta, u. 11.197.138 Bin. „|, er Style I, simple. Stamens numerous. Corona double. Flowées sessile, in the axils of the leaves or by the side of them, enveloped by imbricate bracts. Fruit indehiscent. Branches with swellings inhabited by ants. Leaves stipulate. — mani? 4. West Africa and region of the Great Lakes. YS sels N. el Banter ia Styles 3—5, free or united He the deel? Flowers:stalked. | :.)' „TE Corona double, the outer slit into narrow segments, the inner ring-shaped. Stamens 8—10. Leaves toothed. Flowers solitary, axillary. — Species 6. Equatorial West Africa. . . . . . . .. Paropsiopsis Engl: Corona simple, Stamiens 5’0r many.;, „N. . 2. 3)" 3. Flowers in panicles. Corona divided into thread-like segments. Stamens 5. Filaments flat. Styles 5. — Species 1. Madagascar. Hounea Baill. Flowers solitary or few together in the axils of the leaves. Filaments thin, thread-like. Fruit dehiscent. Leavestoothed. . . . 24 Stamens 5. Flowers rather small. Leaves with glandular cache at the base of the blade. — Species 10. Tropics. Some have edible fruits. Paropsia Nor. Stamens numerous. Flowers large. Leaves with glands at the base of the stalk. — Species 4. West Africa. (Under Paropsia Nor.) Smeathmannia Soland. . (18.) Inflorescences springing from the midrib of the leaves, cymose. Ovary superior, many-ovuled. [Tribe PHYLLOBOTRYEAE.] . 26 Inflorescences axillary or terminal. . . . . >| ee Stamens 5. Anthers linear. Petals 5. ee toni: — Species I. Equatorial West Africa. —. . . . . Moquerysia Hua Stamens numerous. Anthers Auch or ER Petals 3 5:...22 mee . Style 1, shortly 2-cleft. Anthers oval or elliptical. Flowers solitary or in . pairs. Leaves large, serrate. — Species 1. Equatorial West Africa. Phylloelinium Baill. Styles 3, free or united below. Petals 3—4. Flowers in glomerules. . Leaves very. large. — Species 2.. Equatorial West Africa. . Phyllobotryum Muell. Arg. Stamens singly or in bundles opposite to the petals. Ovary half-inferior, ‘more rarely superior. Fruit a capsule. [Tribe HOMALIEAE.] . 29 »2./$tamensS ntimerous, not collected in bundles. Ovary superior. Fruit a (O qbai208 [Tribe SCOLOPIEAEW I 2-- eu va lb powlye . 33 £ - 29. 30. _ Styles 2—6, or style single and 2 31. 98: 34. 35- 36. I59. FLACOURTIACEAE 373 Flowers dioecious. Stamens g9—15. Ovary superior. Placentas 3, with ı—2 ovules each. Styles 3. Leaves palminerved. Flowers in spikes or spike-like panicles. — Species 4. East and South Africa. Trimeria Harv. Flowers hermaphrodite. ul, SERIE EEE gee, Se Style 1, simple, with a capitate en Ovules 4. Stamens 5. Flowers in axillary cymes. — Species 1. South-east Africa. Gerrardina Oliv. a 31 Ovary superior. Ovules numerous. Styles 3—6, free. Siemens 5—5, nearly hypogynous. Seeds woolly. Leaves stipulate. Flowers in panicles. — Species 5. Madagascar and East Africa. (Including Bivinia Tul.) ba BES SNA IOERRY 3 Calantica Tul. Ovary half-inferior. Seeds not sol. WEHT, au au 32 Style 1, thick, 4—6-cleft at the apex. Ovules numerous. Stanicils 12—18. Petals scarcely larger than the sepals. Flowers in spike-like panicles. Leaves exstipulate. — Species 2. West Africa. . Byrsanthus Guill. Styles 2—6, thread-shaped, free or united at the base, rarely beyond ; in the latter case stamens 4—8 or petals considerably larger than the sepals. Petals persistent. — Species 50. Tropical and South Africa. Some species yield timber. (Including Blackwellia Comm.) Homalium Jacq. . Sepals united below. Petals with contorted aestivation. Anthers attached by the base. Placentas 5—7. Ovules numerous. Styles 5—7, united at the base. Leaves ending in two tendrils. Flowers in cymose panicles. — Species I. West Africa (Congo). . . . . Dioncophyllum Baill. Sepals free. Anthers attached by the back. Placentas 2— 4. Style 1, simple. Leaves stipulate, without tendrils. . . . 34 Ovary stalked, incompletely 3-celled at the base, 6- ee ¢ ndimedive not prolonged. Sepals 5, imbricate in bud. Petals larger than the sepals. Flowers in compound racemes or panicles. Leaves penni- nerved. — Species 1. Southern West Africa (Angola). Marquesia Gilg Ovary sessile or nearly so, completely I-celled. Connective usually pro- longed. Sepals valvate or slightly imbricate in bud. Petals similai to the sepals. Flowers solitary or in racemes, rarely in panicles. Leaves 3—5-nerved at the base. — Species 12. Tropical and South Africa. Some species yield timber or serve as ornamental plants. (Phoberos Tour), >... 1 . . +. Seolopia Schreb. (7.) Ovary iin I- lei, it 2—3 aa placentas. Styles 2—3. Stamens numerous. Sepals 7—8, petaloid. Inflorescences head-like. — Species I. ee [Tribe BEMBICIEAE.] DBembieia Oliv. Ovary superior. . . rar 30 Receptacle with thread- or Serie N Sieb ae Wien append- = Stamens 5 or more. Ovary I-celled, with 2—4 parietal placen- tas. Hub) 237 Beedle Br ets Siiids or Ret a ring- hand en but without _ thread- or strap-shaped appendages, or without any appendages . 39 372 159. FLACOURTIACEAE 37. Stamens 15—20. Styles 4. Sepals 4, unequal. Flowers unisexual, solitary, axillary. — Species 1. Equatorial West Africa (Cameroons). Trichostephanus Gilg Stamens 5—ı2. Style 1, simple or cleft at the top. Fruit a capsule. Seeds hairy or arillate. Leaves stipulate, an gland-dotted. [Tribe BASPARTEAF.] . 003 any ? ot re 38. Flowers in terminal panicles, EEE ct duated AR? Seeds with a minute aril. — Species 1. Equatorial West Africa (Cameroons). Ophiobotrys Gilg Flowers solitary and axillary or in axillary tascicles or heads, herma- phrodite. Stamens 6—12. — Species 20. Tropics to Delagoa Bay. Some species yield timber or are used in medicine. (Gzitdonia Plum.) Casearia Jacq. 39. Stamens collected in 5—8 bundles alternating with the sepals. Sepals glandular, valvate in bud. Placentas 3—6, parietal, with numerous ovules. Styles 3—6. Fruit a capsule. Seeds woolly. Leaves entire or crenate, stipulate. Flowers in racemes, hermaphrodite. (See 31.) Calantiea Tul. Stamensnotinbundles. . . . le iw Jon eier An or 40. Anthers 10—-15, linear, large, nighceasiin: Calyx very small, imbricate in bud. Placentas 2, parietal, bearing 2 ovules each. Styles 2. Fruit a nut. Seeds very large, arillate, exalbuminous. Embryo with a minute radicle and very unequal cotyledons. Shrubs. Leaves without stipules. Flowers in racemes or panicles, dioecious. — Species 2. Madagascar and neighbouring islands. Used medicinally. Physena Thouars Anthers short and broad, more or less oval. Seeds albuminous. . . 41 41. Ovary 2- or more-celled, with 2— 4 subbasal ovules in each cell. Style 1, simple. Stamens numerous, surrounding a thick disc. Fruit a prickly nut. Seeds ruminate within. Stipules connate. Flowers in cymes, hermaphrodite. — Species 5. Madagascar. (Ropalocarpus Boj.) Rhopalocarpus Bo]. Ovary t-celled, sometimes incompletely, very rarely completely 2- or more-celled, with parietai or axile ovules; if ovary 2- or more-celled, then styles 2-—8, free or united at the base, and fruit a berry or a drupe. Seeds notruminate. [Tribe FLACOURTIEAE.]. . . «i 42 42. Ovary incompletely, very rarely completely 2- or more-celled. Styles 2—S, free or united at the base. Receptacle bearing a disc or free glands . 43 Ovary completely 1-celled. Style usually 1. Stamensnumerous.. . 44 43. Flowers dioecious. Stamens 10—25, alternating with glands. Placentas with 1—6 ovules each. Fruit a berry. Stipules minute, deciduous. — Species 17. Tropical and South Africa. Some have edible fruits. (Dovyalis Arn, & Mey., including Aberia Hochst.) Doryalis Arn. & Mey. Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous. Stamens numerous, surrounded by a ring-shaped disc. Placentas with several or many ovules each. 159. FLACOURTIACEAE — 160. TURNERACEAE 373 Fruit a drupe with several stones. Stipules wanting. — Species 7. Tropics to Delagoa Bay. They vield timber, edible fruits (Indian plums), and medicaments, and serve also as hedge-plants. (Plate 104.) Flacourtia Juss. 44. Flowers dioecious or polygamous, in cymes. Receptacle expanded into a disc. Stamens with short filaments and introrse anthers. Style very short, simple or 2—6-cleft. Ovary with a single placenta and 2 ovules. Fruit a drupe. Stipules minute. — Species I. Island of Reunion. Yields timber and condiments. . . . Ne Fo Guyea Frapp. Flowers hermaphrodite. Receptacle ende, rarely with a disc. Bucher style Gistmetly deveroped.2 Wi. ZU N WW, ag 45. Receptacle expanded into a glandular-toothed disc. Sepals 5—6, oblong, imbricate in bud. Placentas 2—4. Style filiform, 2—4-cleft at the apex. Stipules none. — Species 2. East Africa (Sansibar), Madagascar and neighbouring islands. They yield timber and are used in medicine. Ludia Lam. Receptacle without a disc and without glands. Sepals 4—5, roundish, eyes uno: Fie ae. OR ee en eu 46. Sepals 3, valvate in bud. Anthers attached by the base. Placentas 3. Styles 3, free, filiform ; stigmas not thickened. Stipules linear. Flowers in racemose inllorescences. — Species 6. Madagascar. . Tisonia Baill. Sepals 4—5, imbricate in bud. Anthers attached by the back near the base. Placenta 1. Style none; stigma peltate. Fruit a berry. Flowers solitary or in clusters. — Species 5. Madagascar and neighbour- ing islands, East and South-east Africa. Some species yield edible fruits, a substitute for tea, and medicaments. (Aphloia Benn.) Neumannia Rich. FAMILY 160. TURNERACEAE Leaves alternate, simple. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite. Sepals 5, furnished with a gland or a callosity, imbricate in bud, deciduous, Petals 5, with contorted aestivation. Stamens 5, alternating with the petals. Filaments free. Anthers versatile, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, 1-celled with 3 parietal placentas. Ovules inverted. Styles 3, often divided. Fruit a loculicidal capsule. Seeds arillate, pitted, with a large embryo and copious albu- men. — Genera 7, species 20. Tropical and South Africa. (Plate 105.) I. Sepalsfreeornearlyso. . . . Te Skaten DZ Sepals united below into a distinct ahi. HISESG alarm Sonatas 2. Stigmas nearly entire. Sepals with ovate glands. Petals white. Fruit dehiscing throughout its whole length. Aril formed of long hairs. Trees with simple hairs. Leaves stipulate, with two glands on the stalk. Flowers pendulous, solitary or in clusters of 3, bracteolate. — Species I. Mascarene Islands. . . . . . . Mathurina Balf. fil. 374 16G. TURNERACEAE — 161. PASSIFLORACEAE Stigmas many-cleft. Fruit dehiscing from the top to the middle. Aril one-sided, crenate. Leaves without glands at the base, but sometimes with small glands at the margin. Flowers erect, solitary or in cymes. Species 3. Madagascar and South Africa. (Including Erblichia Seem., under Zummera L.) . - sews . . . Piriqueta Aubl. 3. Calyx-tube with very numerous RN very Pe nerves. Stamens inserted at the base of the tube. Stigmas entire or obscurely notched. Areas of the seed-coat without holes. Glandular shrubs. Stipules minute. Flowers solitary, erect, bracteolate. — Species 2. East Africa. Loewia Urban Calyx-tube with 10—15 nerves. Herbs or undershrubs, une shrubs or trees, but then stigmas divided. . . . . | 4. Calyx-tube Io-nerved, with hemispherical ae or N any appendage on the inside. Areas of the seed-coat with one hole in each or without a hole. Flowers solitary or in fasciclesor heads. . . . 5 Calyx-tube I5-nerved, furnished with linear ledges within. Areas of the seed-coat with two holes in each. Flowers in one-sided racemes. Hairy herbs. Leaves without stipules. . - : 2... sh. er ss 5. Sepals thin-membranous, colourless. Petals inserted at the base of the calyx-tube. Stigmas many-cleft. Ovules 9. Fruit pendulous. Aril entire. Herbs. Leaves without glands. Flowers solitary. — Species 2. Madagascar. (Under Turnera L.). . . . . . Hyalocalyx Rolfe Sepals herbaceous, green. Petals inserted at the mouth of the calyx-tube. Fruit erect. Aril crenate or lobed. — Species 2, one a native of Madagas- car, the other naturalized in the Mascarene Islands. Turnera L. 6. Petals inserted below the mouth of the calyx-tube, provided with a scale at their base. Stamens arising from the base of the tube. Fruit linear. Seeds in one row. — Species 8. Tropical and South-east Africa. (Plate Ur Mi ae ; Wormskioldia Schum. & Thonn. Petals inserted at ite aah Br the calyx-tube, unappendaged. Stamens adnate to the tube at their base. Fruit oblong or oval. Seeds in several rows. — Species 3. East Africa. (Under Wormskioldia Schum. & Thom.) so... 0.0.0. »°_.. Streptopetalum: Eiornes FAMILY 161. PASSIFLORACEAE Usually tendril-bearing plants. Leaves alternate. Flowers regular. Sepals 4—6, imbricate in bud. Petals as many, free, imbricate in bud, more rarely wanting. Receptacle produced into a corona which is sometimes divided into separate scales, rarely without any appendage. Stamens 4—I0, as many as and alternate with the petals or twice as many. Anthers opening by two longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, I-celled, with 3, rarely 4—5 parietal placen- tas and numerous inverted ovules. Seeds arillate, with a pitted or furrowed testa and a fleshy albumen. — Genera 8, species 75. (Plate 106.) TURNERACEAE. wLOW. PL. AFR. Pl. 105. Ree Oe J. Fleischmann del. Wormskioldia lobata Urb. A Whole plant. B Flower cut lengthwise. C Cross-section of ovary, D Seed with anl. E Seed cut lengthwise. PASSIFLORACEAE. FLOW. PL. AFR. Pl. 106. az A > 1 ee J. Fleischmann del. Adenia lobata (Jacq.) Engl. A Flowering branch, B Tendril. C Male flower cut lengthwise. D Cluster of fruits. I6I. PASSIFLORACEAE 375 I. Leaves compound: 2—3-foliolate or pinnate. Shrubs. Flowers herma- phrodite. Stamens 5—10, free from the short gynophore. Anthers attached’ by theback... . « |. SAARI SR 6 + agian Wee Leaves simple : entire, toothed, age or cleft. 2 Re ae © . Corona formed of numerous threads springing from the base of the calyx. Petals 4—5, resembling the sepals. Stamens united at base. Style 3—5-cleft. Ovules numerous. Fruit a capsule. Stem climbing. Leaflets in 1—2 pairs. Flowers in cymes. — Species 6. West Africa anc Madapascar.. 2, 2) <0!) sw.) 2. Deidamia Thouars Corona none, but a disc within the stamens present. Petals 5, much exceeding the sepals. Fertile stamens 5, free, alternating with 5 stam- inodes. Style simple. Ovules 107—ı2. Leaflets in 4—5 pairs. Flowers in panicles. — Species 1. East Africa. . . . . Donaldsonia Bak. . Fertile stamens twice as many as the sepals or petals, 6—8. Corona formed of one row of threads. Ovary almost sessile, with 4 placentas and 4 subsessile stigmas. Shrubs. — Species 1. South-east Africa. Schlechterina Harms Fertile stamens as many asthesepalsor petals. . . . . .. . 4 . Fertile stamens alternating with as many staminodes. Flowers her- mrapreditel:sRetalsig not ylesimplesj..fets arts fs <5 leh tat =a Fertile stamens not alternating withstaminodes.. . . . . . . 6 . Calyx-tube saucer-shaped. Sepals ovate. Petals ovate, larger than the sepals. Corona formed of one row of threads. Staminodes tooth- shaped. Ovary seated in the centre of the disc. Stigma entire. Climb- ing, tendril-bearing shrubs. Leaves oblong. — Species 1. Northern WestrAlrica. de" . . . Crossostemma Planch. Calyx-tube bell- or ae) taped’ Sepals oblong. Petals linear-oblong, much smaller than the sepals. Corona none. Staminodes awl-shaped. Anthers affixed by the back, near the base, and surmounted by a prolonged, awl-shaped connective. Stamens free from the short gyno- phore. Stigma 3-lobed. Fruit a berry. Erect herbs without tendrils. Leaves linear-lanceolate. — Species 1. Southern West Africa. Machadoa Welw. . Stamens adnate to the gynophore. Anthers affixed by the back, at first turned inwards, later on outwards. Styles 3 or style single and 3-cleft. Corona present. Flowers hermaphrodite. Fruit a berry. — Species 8. One of them a native of Madagascar, the others cultivated and sometimes naturalized in the tropics and the Canary Islands. They yield edible fruits, drinks, and medicaments, and serve as ornamental Plante. = Passion-fower.'”.... ..; niet rien achat uk in SUE Stamens free from the gynophore, or no gynophore present. Anthers affixed by the base or between its lobes, opening inwards or laterally. Meat weapsnle, rarely aberrys,-.\ 5 (4 + = = + ‘. 27 ses ag 376 I6I. PASSIFLORACEAE -— 162. ACHARIACEAL 7. Flowers hermaphrodite: Calyx-tube saucer-shaped. Corona triple. Style 3-cleft. Herbs or undershrubs. Flowers in 2—3-flowered cymes. — Species 15. Central and South Africa. (Including Basananthe Peyr.) Tryphostemma Harv. Flowers unisexual, rarely hermaphrodite or polygamous, but then without a corona. Petals 4—6. Corona simple, double, or wanting, Leaves with 1—3 glands at the base. — Species 40. Tropical and South Africa. Some are poisonous, others have edible fruits or are used in medicine. (Modecca Lam., including Echinothamnus Engl., Jaeggia Schinz, Keramanthus Hook. fil., Ophiocaulon Hook. fil., and Paschanthus Burch.) (Plate 106.) ern. ee eer FAMILY 162. ACHARIACEAE Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves alternate, undivided or lobed, without stipules. Flowers regular, 3—5-merous, monoecious, solitary or fascicled, axillary, the male sometimes in racemes. Sepals free, at least in the female flowers, imbricate or open in bud. Petals united below, imbricate in bud. Stamens as many as and alternating with the corolla-lobes, affixed to the corolla. Anthers adnate, opening inwards. Receptacle produced into a corona formed of 3—5 scales which are inserted at the base of the corolla and alternate with the stamens. Ovary superior, sessile or short-stalked, ı-celled, with 3—5 parietal placentas bearing 2 or more inverted ovules each. Style 3—10-cleft. Fruit a capsule. Seeds with a sometimes adnate aril, a pitted or wrinkled testa, a copious albumen, and a straight embryo. — Genera 3, species 3. South Africa. (Under PASSIFLORACEAE.) I. Stem twining. Leaves 5—7-lobed. Flowers 4—5-merous, the male in racemes, the female solitary. Sepals of the male flowers linear. Stamens inserted at the base of the corolla. Anthers cohering. Corona formed of linear or oblong scales. Ovary short-stalked, oblong. Style-branches twice as many as placentas. Fruit linear. Aril adnate to the wrinkled testa. — Species I. South Africa. . . . . . Ceratiosicyos Nees Stem erect or underground. Leaves 3-lobed or undivided. Flowers solitary or fascicled. Stamens inserted in the tube or at the throat ofthe corolla. Aril free from the pittedtesta.. . . . 2 2. Aboveground stem erect or ascending, woody at the a Leaves 3- lobed. Flowers 3—4-merous. Sepals oblong or ovate, free. Anthers with a broad connective. Ovary sessile, subglobose. Ovules few, usually 6—8. Style-branches twice as many as placentas. — Species I. Cape Colony. : A . . . . Acharia Thunb: Aboveground stem Vallkins Gere canted Flowers solitary, 5- merous. Sepals linear, adnate to the corolla. Stamens inserted at the throat of the corolla. Anthers with a narrow connective. Ovary short-stalked, oblong. Ovules numerous. Style-branches as many as placentas. Fruit elliptical. — Species 1. Cape Colony. Guthriea Bolus 163. CARICACEAE — 164. LOASACEAE — 165. BEGONIACEAE 377 SUBORDER PAPAYINEAE FAMILY 163. CARICACEAE Trees with a milky juice. Leaves alternate, usually crowded at the top of the stem, palmately lobed or divided, without stipules. Flowers, at least the male ones, panicled, 5-merous, unisexual or polygamous. Petals united below, with contorted aestivation. Stamens 10, inserted in the tube of the corolla. Anthers turned inwards, with a prolonged connective. Ovary superior, I- or 5-celled. Ovules numerous, parietal, inverted. Style simple with 5 stigmas, or 5- to many-cleft. Fruit a berry. Seeds albuminous, with a double coat, succulent outside, woody within. — Genera 2, species 3. Tropics. (PAPA YACEAE, under PASSI FLORACEAE.) Filaments free. Ovary tI-celled. Stigmas branched. Stem unarmed, simple or scantily branched. — Species 1 (C. Papaya L., papaw-tree). Cultivated and sometimes naturalized in the tropics. It yields edible fruits, medicaments, and substitutes for soap and tobacco. The juice of the stem is poisonous, that of the leaves is used for rendering meat fender (Papaya Toum.) << 2... „NR . ¢ ..@Camiea L. Filaments united below. Ovary 5-celled. Stigmas undivided. Stem branched, prickly. — Species 2. Central Africa. (Under Jacaratia Masern Sastsioi erllsuns | eipssiotey = de> Oylieomeorpha Urban SUBORDER LOASINEAE FAMILY 164. LOASACEAE Shrubs. Leaves alternate, toothed or lobed, without stipules. Flowers in cymes, regular, 5-merous, hermaphrodite. Sepals open in bud, becoming wing-like after flowering. Petals shorter, free, concave, with imbricate or contorted aestivation. Stamens numerous, collected in 5 bundles opposite to the petals, alternating with glandular scales bearing each two staminodes on their inner surface. Ovary inferior, unequally 2-celled, the larger cell with two ovules, the smaller with one. Ovules descending, inverted. Style simple or 3-cleft. Fruit dry, indehiscent. Seeds exalbuminous ; embryo straight. Genus I, species1. South Africa. . . . . . . ~ Kissenia R. Br. SUBORDER BEGONIINEAE FAMILY 165. BEGONIACEAE Leaves alternate, simple or palmately compound, usually oblique, stipulate. Flowers in cymes, monoecious. Perianth simple, of 2—5, very rarely 6—g free segments. Stamens numerous. Anthers basifixed. Ovary inferior, completely or almost completely 2—6-celled, usually winged. Placentas attached to the inner angle of the cells or to the partitions. Ovules numerous, inverted. Styles 2—6, free or united at the base, usually cleft. Fruit a capsule, rarely a berry. Seeds very numerous, minute, with a striate or netted testa, exalbuminous. (Plate 107.) 378 165. BEGONIACEAE — 106, ANCISTROCLADACEAE — 167. CACTACEAE Genus I, species 110. Tropical and South Africa. Some species are used as ornamental or medicinal plants or as vegetables. (Including Mezierea Gouda ae Gites: + + + te ddr ool oxi jie SUBORDER ANCISTROCLADINEAE FAMILY 166. ANCISTROCLADACEAE Climbing, tendril-bearing shrubs. Leaves alternate, undivided, with small, deciduous stipules. Flowers in racemes or panicles, regular, hermaphrodite. Sepals unequal, imbricate in bud. Petals 5, united at the base, with con- torted aestivation. Stamens 10, rarely 9. Filaments united at the base, short. Anthers basifixed, opening inwards by longitudinal slits. Ovary inferior, I-celled. Ovule I, basal, half-inverted. Style simple with 3 stigmas or 3-cleft. Fruit a nut surmounted by the enlarged, wing-like sepals. Seeds with a thin testa, a repeatedly folded albumen, and a straight embryo. (Under DIPTEROCARPACEAE.) Genus, 1, species 2,,.,West-Aftica,|; 2% pret) eurer Ancistrocladus Wall. ORDER OPUNTIALES FAMILY 167. CACTACEAE Succulent plants with a thickened, usually jointed and spiny stem. Leaves mostly scale-like, often deciduous. Flowers solitary or in clusters, hermaphrod- ite. Perianth of 8 or more segments not distinctly differentiated into sepals and petals. Stamens numerous. Anthers opening inwards or laterally. Ovary inferior, I-celled, with several parietal placentas. Ovules inverted. Style simple, with several stigmas. Fruit a berry. Seeds albuminous ; embryo curved. — Genera 5, species 13. 1. Leaves well-developed. Stem not jointed. Spines not barbed. Perianth wheel-shaped. Ovules few, not enveloped by the short funicle. Cotyle- dons intertwisted. — Species 1. Naturalized in the Mascarene Islands. A decorative and medicinal plant. [Subfamily PEIRESKIOIDEAE, tribe PEIRESKIEAE] . >. 00 0) 3.2000 woh «yp pets» Beiroskiu eae Leaves scale-like or absent. Stem more or less copiously jointed. Cotyle- dons motsiintertwisfed. 1 en ain alle ar sy soy & . Plants destitute of barbed spines. Joints of the stem elongated. Ovules not enveloped by the funicle. [Subfamily CEREOIDEAE.]. . . 3 Plants bearing barbed spines, at least upon the fruit. Joints of the stem short, more or less ovoid. Perianth regular, more or less wheel-shaped. Ovules enveloped by the funicle. [Subfamily OPUNTIOIDEAE, tribe D OBUNTIEAE.] Br 11 aut re 3. Perianth funnel- or salver-shaped, with obviously united segments. Ovules numerous, on long funicles. Terrestrial plants. — Species I. Culti- vated and sometimes naturalized in various regions. A decorative plant with edible fruits. [Tribe ECHINOCACTEAE.] Cereus Haw. BEGONIACEAE. PLOW. PL. AFR. PREIS J. Fleischmann del. Begonia Favargeri Rechinger A Aboveground part of the plant. B Male flower cut lengthwise. C Anther from front and back. D Female flower cut lengthwise. E Cross-section of ovary. F Seed. PENAEACEAE. FLOW. Pb. AFR. Pl. 108. J. Fleischmann del. Sarcocolla squamosa (L.) Kunth A Flowering branch. B Flower in longitudinal section and bracteole. C Anther. D Transverse section of ovary. 167. CACTACEAE — 168. GEISSOLOMATACEAE — 109. PENAEACEAE 279 Perianth wheel-shaped, of free or nearly free segments. Ovules few, on short funicles. Epiphytes. — Species 7. Tropical and South. Africa. (Under Hariota Adans.) [Tribe RHIPSALIDEAE.] Rhipsalis Gaertn, 4. Stamens much exceeding the perianth. Seed-coat leathery. Stem without spines. Flowers red. — Species I (N. coccinellifera S. Dyck). Culti- vated and sometimes naturalized, especially in the Canary Islands. It is used for rearing the cochineal insect and as a vegetable. (Under Opuntia Haw.) . . shad Se Nopalea S. Dyck Stamens shorter than the aid, Seed: coat hard. — Species 3. Culti- vated, especially in North Africa. They yield edible fruits (prickly pear) from which also dyes, drinks, medicaments, and sugar are prepared ; one species is used for rearing the cochineal insect... . . Opuntia Haw. ORDER MYRTIFLORAE SUBORDER THYMELAEINEAE FAMILY 168. GEISSOLOMATACEAE Shrubs of heath-like appearance. Leaves opposite, undivided, stipulate. Flowers solitary, axillary, regular, 4-merous, hermaphrodite, surrounded by 6—8 unequal bracteoles. Calyx-tube short. Sepals petal-like, imbricate in bud. Petals none. Stamens 8, perigynous, unequal. Anthers versatile, short, with a narrow connective, opening inwards by two longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, 4-celled. Ovules 2 in each cell, pendulous, inverted, the raphe turned outwards. Style 1. Stigmas 4. Fruit a loculicidal capsule. Seeds with a small outgrowth at the hilum, a smooth testa, a fleshy albumen, and a large straight embryo. (Under PENAEACEAE.) Genus I, species 2. South Africa. . . . Geissoloma Lindl. & Kunth FAMILY 169. PENAEACEAE Shrubs or undershrubs of heath-like appearance. Leaves opposite, entire, with sometimes gland-like stipules. Flowers solitary or in pairs in the axils of the leaves or in terminal spikes or heads, with 2 or 4 bracteoles, regular, 4- merous, hermaphrodite. Calyx-tube long. Sepals petal-like, red or yellow, valvate in bud. Petals none. Stamens 4, perigynous, alternating with the sepals. Anthers adnate, with a thickened connective, opening inwards by two longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, sessile, 4-celled. Ovules 2 or 4 in each cell, all or the lower ones ascending, inverted, the raphe turned outwards. Style simple with a 4-lobed or 4-parted stigma, or 4-cleft. Fruit a loculicidal capsule. Seeds exalbuminous. Embryo with very small cotyledons. — Genera 5, species 35. South Africa. (Plate 108.) I. Ovules 4 in each ovary-cell, two of them ascending, two descending. Ovary and style cylindrical. Style simple. [Tribe ENDONEMEAE.] . 2 Ovules 2, very rarely 4 in each ovary-cell, all ascending. Flowers in the axils of crowded leaves or bracts. Bracteoles2. [Tribe PENAEEAE.] 3 380 169. PENAEACEAE — 170. OLINIACEAE —- 171. THYMELAEACEAE 2. Flowers in the axils of coloured bracts, crowded in terminal spikes or heads. Bracteoles 2. Filaments much shorter than the anthers. Anthers turned inwards in the bud; cells equalling the connective. — Species I. Cape Colony. (Under Endonema Juss.) - Glischrocolla A. DC. Flowers in the axils of foliage-leaves, not crowded. Bracteoles 4. Fila- ments nearly as long as or longer than the anthers. Anthers turned outwards in the bud; cells much shorter than the connective. Seeds with an outgrowth at the top. — Species 2. Cape Colony. Endonema A. Juss. 3. Ovary and style 4-angled or 4-winged. Ovules 2 in each cell. Stamens very short. — Species 20. Cape Colony. (Including Stylapterus Juss.) Penaea L. Ovary and style cylindrical. Stylesimple. . . . ge toa 4. Calyx-tube short, oblong-oval, somewhat longer than the ee Stamens slightly exceeding the calyx-tube ; filaments short. Ovules 2 in each cell. — Species 6. Cape Colony. (Under Sarcocolla Kunth). Brachysiphon A. Juss. Calyx-tube long, cylindrical, much longer than the sepals. Stamens much exceeding the calyx-tube; filaments long. Anthers-cells almost equalling the connective. — Species 5. io Colony. Used as ornamental plants, (Pie LOB) er mm tis eee Ge Sareocolla Kunth FAMILY 170, OLINIACEAE Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite, entire, without stipules. Flowers in terminal cymose inflorescences, regular, 4—5-merous. Calyx petaloid, white or red. Petals much smaller than the sepals, white, valvate in bud. Fertile stamens 4—5, opposite to the petals, usually alternating with scale-like stam- inodes. Anthers nearly sessile, with a large connective. Ovary inferior, 3—5-celled. Ovules 2—3 in the inner angle of each ovary-cell, inverted, the raphe turned outwards. Style simple; stigma entire. Fruit a drupe. Seeds exalbuminous ; embryo with folded cotyledons. (Under LYTRHACFAE, MELASTOMATACEAE, or RHAMNACEAE.) Genus I, species 7. South and Central Africa. Some species yield timber. Olinia Thunb. FAMILY 171. THYMELAEACEAE Leaves entire, without stipules. Flowers 4—5-merous. Sepals petaloid. Petals usually present. Stamens as many as and opposite to the petals, 4, or twice asmany, 8or1o. Anthers opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, 1—5-celled. Ovule ı in each cell, pendulous, inverted, with a ventral raphe. Style simple ; stigma entire. Fruit a drupe or a nut. Embryo large, straight. — Genera 17, species 250. (Plate 109.) I. Receptacle flat. Sepals free. Petals none, but 4—10 scales placed singly or in pairs opposite to the sepals. Stamens 8—10, hypogynous. Ovary Lo) I7I. THYMELAEACEAE 381 4—5-celled. Low trees. Leaves alternate, dotted beneath. Flowers solitary or fascicled. axillary, white. — Species 7. West Africa. (In- cluding Makokoa Baill.) [Subfamily OCTOLEPIDIOIDEAE, tribe BETOPE EME AB KEIN Sivek Heol 30 2) Oetolepis Oliv. Receptacle concave. Sepals united. Stamens perigynous. Ovary I—2- BE AED Te a et. 2 . Ovary 2-celled, surrounded by a disc. Petals none. Stamens S—1O. Fruit a drupe. Shrubs. Leaves alternate. Flowers in umbels, yellowish-green. — Species 10. Tropical and South Africa. [Sub- family PHALERIOIDEAE, tribe PEDDIEAE.] . . Peddiea Harv. Ovary I-celled. [Subfamily THYMELAEOIDEAE| . . . . . 3 . Petals present, usually smaller than the sepals and 2-parted, sometimes united into a ring. N 4 Petals none, but Köbhektihiks 8c or more 2 deans Ein Ahead Bel the stamens, and usually alternating withthem. Stamens8—10. . . 9 . Calyx-tube constricted and jointed above the ovary, the upper part falling off after flowering. Fruit with a membranous exocarp. [Tribe GNIDIEAE.] Sal: ek Calyx-tube not jointed, 2% in ns or An Off as a u Fruit with a hard or fleshy exocarp. Stamens 8&—ı0. [Tribe DICRANO- BEPIDBEARU WEIN 2... 0... Ä ET a TG . Stamens 4, ae in the upper part of the ul u nearly sessile, with a broadened connective. Petals thick-fleshy, surrounded by hairs. Shrubs or undershrubs. Leaves small, leathery. Flowers solitary or in pairs in the axils of the leaves. — Species 25. South and Bentral Alrıca, We. 3, fa I a aa ERNANNT Stamens 8 or Io, in two Ben: very distant from each other and inserted in the upper part of the calyx-tube and at the throat. Trees, shrubs, or undershrubs. Flowers in heads, more rarely arranged spike-like in the axils of the upper leaves. — Species 125. Southern and tropical Africa. Some species are used as ornamental, medicinal, or textile plants. (Including Arthrosolen Mey. and Lasiosiphon Frees) Gnidia L. . Petals united intoaring. Stamensıo. Shrubs... . . 1. © »© «© 7 Petals free, 2-partite. Leaves herbaceous. . . = « a . Petals united into a nearly entire ring. Ovary short- stalked, surrounded at the base by a cup-shaped or slashed disc. Flowers in few-flowered axillary clusters or in short terminal racemes. — Species 6. Central Africa to Delagoa Bay. . . . ol 495 Synaptolepis Oliv. Petals united into a slashed ring. ae sessile. Disc none. Flowers in long-stalked spikes or heads. —- Species 2. Madagascar and Comoro Islands. tie Uiaroa wins od) le Sdyonkget sfiiegiienedaphne Haill; . Flowers 4-merous. Petals thickish, almost erect. Staminal whorls remote from each other. Anthers nearly sessile, slightly exserted. Disc none. Ovary sessile, hairy. Style included. Shrubs. Leaves op- Io. 108 I2. 13. 14. 15. I7I. THYMELAEACEAE posite. Flowers in terminal umbels. — Species 1. East and South-east Aftica. «aris . . . . Englerodaphne Gilg Flowers 5-merous. Petals cet REN Staminal whorls approximate. Anthers more or less exserted. Disc cup-shaped. Ovary short-stalked. Style long. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate. Flowers solitary or in pairs, axillary. — Species 25. Central Africa. . Dieranolepis Planch. . (3.) Stamens 10, inserted at or below the middle of the long, narrowly funnel-shaped, not jointed calyx-tube at the same level. Filaments short, unequal in length. Anthers included. Corona none. Disc ring- or saucer-shaped. Ovary sessile. Style short. Twining shrubs. Leaves opposite or nearly so, leathery. Flowers in axillary clusters, greenish-yellow. — Be 2. West Africa. [Tribe CRATEROSI- PHONHARB. ss . . . Craterosiphon Engl. & Gilg Stamens inserted at the kunst or the upper part of the calyx-tube;; in the latter case calyx-tube wide or jointed. [Tribe DAPHNEAE.] . . 10 Calyx-tube bearing in its upper part a corona of 8 or more scales, jointed above the ovary, the lower part persistent in fruit. Flowers 4-merous. Filaments thread-like. Anthers exserted. Ovary sessile. Fruit dry. Shrubs. Leaves small, leathery, sometimes needle-shaped. . . . II Calyx-tube without a corona, but sometimes the ovary surrounded at the base by a disc or byseveral glands. . . . ; 12 Flowers solitary, white or reddish. Sepals Sail in oli Comme inserted in the middle of the calyx-tube. — Species 5. South Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants. . . . Cryptadenia Meissn. Flowers in fascicles or heads. Corona inserted next to the throat of the calyx, and formed of 8 scales which alternate with the stamens. — Species 20. South Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants. (Plate 109.) Lachnaea L. Calyx-tube constricted and jointed above the ovary, the upper part, rarely the whole calyx, falling off after flowering. . . 13 Calyx-tube not jointed, persistent in fruit or falling off as a ae the segments sometimes falling off singly. Filaments and style short. Flowers 4-merous. . . . + EEE Filaments very short. Sa hue CE N Piet minute or “wanting. (See 5.) < „ - ee er Filaments long. Staminal whorls appresm rarely somewhat distant, but then disc distinctly developed. Shrubs. . . . 14 Flowers 5-merous. Segments of the calyx much shorter A: ihe tut Disc saucer-shaped, lobed. Ovary hairy. Fruit dry. Seeds without albumen. Flowers in terminal heads. — Species 6. South Africa and Madagascar. Some are used as ornamental plants. Dais L. Flowers 4-merous. Segments of the calyx nearly as long as the tube. Disc none. Ovary glabrous. Seeds with a copious albumen. Leaves opposite. Flowers solitary and axillary, or in terminal spikes. . . 15 Fruit fleshy. Calyx-tube short, urn-shaped. — Species I. South Africa. Chymococea Meissn. THYMELAEACEAE. FLOW. PL. AFR. Pl 100. J. Fleischmann del. Lachnaea filamentosa (L. fil.) Gilg A Flowering branch. B Flower cut lengthwise (the hairs are omitted). LYTHRACEAE, FLOW. PL. AFR. Pl, 110. i A Y¥s N) J. Fleischmann del. Nesaea floribunda Sond. A Flowering branch. B Flower without the petals, eut lengthwise, C Petal. D Cross-section of ovary. I7I. THYMELAEACEAE — 172. ELAEAGNACEAE — 173. LYTHRACEAE 383 Fruit dry. — Species 7. South Africa. Some a yield dyes or serve as ornamental plants. ne |. ‘Passerina L. 16. Disc hypogynous, consisting of Gan a 4, ties or partly united, narrow, almost thread-shaped scales. Calyx-tube long; segments deciduous. Ovary hairy. Shrubs or trees.,, Flowers in terminal racemes or spikes, hermaphrodite. — Species 1. Naturalized in the Mascarene Islands. Ornamental plant. . . . Wikstroemia Endl. Eee minute and rine-Shaped, or wanting. „u »...'5. 0 aulensecmenle! 17 17. Fruit a drupe. Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx-tube long. Stigma large. Shrubs or trees. Flowers in heads, racemes, or panicles. — Species 4. North Africa. Poisonous plants yielding bast-fibres, tanning and dyeing materials, and medicaments ; they also serve as ornamental Ban un. - 5 4 ate Daphne L. Fruit a nut. Disc none. actin A ke? Herbs, undershrubs, or shrubs. Leaves alternate. Flowers solitary or fascicled, axillary. — Species 10. North Africa. Some species are used as medicinal or RESIST Rae et me aie aie whi Thymelaea Endl. FAMILY 172. ELAEAGNACEAE Shrubs or trees, covered with scaly hairs. Leaves alternate, entire, without stipules. Flowers in axillary fascicles or racemes, 4-merous, very rarely 5—8- merous, hermaphrodite or polygamous. Calyx white or yellow within, valvate in bud. Petals none. Stamens perigynous, as many as and alternate with the sepals. Filaments very short. Anthers attached at the back, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, but tightly enclosed by the concave re- ceptacle, I-celled, with a single erect and inverted ovule. Style simple, long ; stigma entire, capitate. Fruit a nut enclosed by the succulent calyx-tube. Seed with a hard coat and scanty albumen or without albumen; embryo straight, with a minute radicle and thick, fleshy cotyledons. Genus I, species 2. Naturalized in North Africa and the Island of Mauritius. Ornamental plants yielding timber and medicaments. “‘ Oleaster.” Elaeagnus L. SUBORDER MYRTINEAE FAMILY 173. LYTHRACEAE Leaves entire, usually stipulate. Flowers 3—8-merous, hermaphrodite. Sepals valvate in the bud. Petals inserted at the throat of the calyx, usually crumpled in the bud, sometimes absent. Stamens nearly always inserted below the petals. Anthers fixed by the back. Ovary superior, completely or in- completely 2—6-celled. Ovules numerous in each cell, attached at the inner angle, ascending, inverted, with ventral raphe. Style simple or wanting ; stigma entire or 2-lobed. Fruit dry. Seeds exalbuminous ; embryo straight. — Genera I2, species 90. (Plate IIO.) I. Partitions of the ovary incomplete above ; placentas not continuing into Aeerstyica [Ich LYE REAR Ss st oi Zahn Issue Yan 22 384 to w I73. LYTHRACEAE Partitions of the ovary complete ; placentas continuing into the style. Flowérs regular. [Tribe NESAEEFAE.]. . zung Ininsunaeıo Zu Flowers distinctly irregular. Sepals 6. Petals 6—7, unequal. Stamens 10—14, usually rz. Disc present. Placenta finally protruding from the bursting ovary and calyx-tube. Leaves opposite or whorled. — Species 1. Naturalized in the Mascarene Islands. Ornamental plant. Cuphea P. Browne Flowers regular or: almost so: U GP", 10 s09°9R SRE 0 STUDIE ZEN Stem herbaceous or woody at the base only. Leaves not dotted. Seeds Ret WIR ae a ee ts URN eee ee Stem woody. Leaves opposite, marked with black dots, rarely without dots, but then seeds with athick wing. Stylelong. . . . 1. . @ Fruit indehiscent, membranous, not striate. Seeds very numerous. Flowers 6-merous. Calyx-tube hemispherical or broad-campanulate, with appendages at the apex. Sepals herbaceous. Stamens as many as the sepals. Ovary 2-celled. Style very short. Flowers solitary, axillary, with whitish bracteoles. — Species1. North Africa. Usedasa vegetable. RER ee, Peplis L. Fruit dehiscing by 2—4 ares or En BERN ersely or irregularly ; in the latter cases flowers 4-merous andcymose. . . . . . «. 5 Fruit bursting transversely or irregularly, membranous, not striate. Seeds very numerous. Flowers 4-merous. Sepals herbaceous. Sta- mens as many or twice as many as the sepals. Flowers in axillary cymes, with whitish bracteoles. — Species 15. Tropical and South Africa and Egypt. Some are used medicinally. . . . . . . Ammania L. Fruit dehiscing longitudinally in 2—4 valves... . . . . . . 4 6 . Fruit marked with dense, sometimes very faint, tranverse veins. Sepals usually membranous. Stamens as many as the sepals or fewer. Gla- brous plants. Flowers solitary or umbellate and axillary, or in terminal spikes or racemes, bracteolate. — Species 20. Tropical and South Africa. (Including Quartinia Endl., Rhyacophila Hochst., and Sz/- FORTE Bellardi)..: „un PR . . s+,» Rotaigae Fruit without transverse veins. Calyx-tube ar. rarely campanulate, with appendages at the top. Flowers solitary or paired in the leaf- axils, rarely in spikes or racemes of cymes (false whorls). — Species 8. North, East, and South Africa. Some are used as ornamental or medicinal, plants =... some © html ys oy peut tastes tricot Tpke ean . Stamens 6. Calyx-tube top-shaped. Sepals membranous. Ovary nearly completely 2-celled. Flowers in DR —- Species I. Ole Afriea. «io cs . . . Galpinia N. E. Brown Stamens 12—18. Blower a OFIMTACEMES. belo 30 line see . Calyx-tube tubular. Petalssmall. Stamens ı2. Ovary nearly completely 2-celled. Fruit bursting irregularly or remaining closed. Seeds not winged. Flowers in racemes. — Species 2. East Africa and I73. LYTHRACEAE — I74. SONNERATIACEAE 385 Madagascar. They yield tanning and dyeing materials and serve as ornamental plants. . . . » . . « . Woodfordia Salish. Calyx-tube campanulate or Earanlar, Ovary very incompletely 3—4- celled. Fruit opening transversely. Seeds with a thick wing. Flowers solitary or in pairs m the leaf-axils. — Species 2. Madagascar and East Africa. They serve as vegetables. . . . . Pemphis Forst. 9. (1.) Stamens 5—6, opposite to the petals and adnate to their base. Calyx- tube expanded. Sepals lanceolate. Ovary 2-celled. Ovules in a single row. Low trees. Flowers in il — Species I. South-east Altiean(Natal).., % 1405 « . . « Rhynchoealyx Oliv. Stamens 4—23, inserted below fs setae or petals wanting. Ovules in two or more rows. Herbs, undershrubs, or shrubs. ee Lb eurodo 10. Calyx-tube top- or saucer-shaped, without appendages. Sepals 4. Sta- mens inserted near the petals, singly or in clusters of 2—-3 opposite the sepals. Fruit bursting irregularly or remaining closed. Seed-coat with a spongy thickening at the top. Shrubs. Leaves opposite. Flowers in panicles. — Species I (L. inermis L.). Tropical and North Africa. Yields a dye (henna) and is used in perfumery and medicine. (Including Bere ee ue a el el ba | els fr OE HE. Calyx-tube bell-, urn-, or cup-shaped. Sepals 4—8. Stamens remote from the petals, or petals wanting. Fruit opening by 4 valves or by a lid. Seed-coat not specially thickened. Flowers in cymes or umbels. . II 11. Calyx-tube winged. Sepals 4. Petals none. Stamens 4, alternating with the sepals. Anthers finally kidney-shaped. Fruit opening by 4 valves. Style persisting upon the placentas. Shrubs. Leaves opposite. Flowers in axillary, 2—4-flowered umbels. — Species 1. Island of Mauritius. . . . ... ,. Tetrataxis Hook. fil. Calyx-tube not winged. eat at first opening by a small lid, later on splitting towards the base. Style persisting upon a valve or falling off. Herbs, undershrubs, or low shrubs. Flowers in sometimes head-like cymes. — Species 40. Tropical and South Africa. (Plate 110.) Nesaea Comm. FAMILY 174. SONNERATIACEAE Trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite, entire, not dotted, without stipules Flowers solitary, without bracteoles, regular. Sepals 6—7, fleshy, valvate in bud. Petals 6—7, linear, occasionally wanting. Stamens numerous, peri- gynous. Filaments bent inwards in the bud. Anthers fixed by the back, kidney-shaped, opening inwards by longitudinal slits. Ovary almost superior, with 10—20 somewhat incomplete cells not reaching the top. Ovules very numerous, attached to the partitions, inverted. Style simple ; stigma enéire. Fruit succulent, indehiscent or bursting irregularly. Seeds curved, exalbumin- ous, with a hard coat and a straight embryo. (BLATTIACEAE, under LYTHRACEAE.) Genusı,speciesI. East Africa, Madagascarand neighbouring islands. Yields edible fruits, condiments, and medicaments. (Dlatti Adans.) Sonneratia L. f. 2B 386 175. PUNICACEAE — 176. LECTYHIDACEAE FAMILY 175. PUNICACEAE Trees or shrubs. Leaves undivided, without stipules. Flowers solitary or in clusters of 2—5 at the ends of the branches, regular, hermaphrodite. Sepals 5—8, red, fleshy, valvate in bud. Petals as many, red or yellow, im- beicate and crumpled in the bud. Stamens numerous, curved inwards in the bud. Anthers fixed by the back, opening inwards by longitudinal slits. Ovary inferior or half-inferior, with several cells, which are usually arranged in 2—3 whorls placed one above the other. Ovules numerous, at first basal, afterwards parietal, inverted. Style simple ; stigma I. Fruit a berry. Seeds exalbumin- ous, with an outer fleshy and an inner horny coat ; embryo straight, with twisted cotyledons. (GRANATEAE, under LYTHRACEAE.) Genus I, species 2. One of them growing wild in the Island of Socotra, the other one (P. Granatum L., pomegranate) cultivated and naturalized in northern and tropical Africa. The latter serves as an ornamental plant and yields wood, tanning and dyeing materials, medicaments. and edible fruits, from which also a drink is prepared. Punica L FAMILY 176. LECYTHIDACEAE Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, undivided, without stipules. Flowers solitary or racemose, hermaphrodite. Sepals 2—5. Petals 4—6, adnate to the staminal tube, imbricate in bud, or wanting. Stamens numerous, united at the base, curved in the bud. Anthers versatile, usually basifixed, opening by longitudinal slits. Disc within the stamens, ring-shaped. Ovary inferior, 2—20-celled, with 2 or more inverted ovules in each cell. Style simple. Fruit indehiscent. Seeds exalbuminous. — Genera 4, species 15. Tropical and South- east Africa. (Under MYRTACEAE.) (Plate 111.) I. Petals and.staminodes absent. Sepals 3—5, usually 4. Stamens almost free. Disc obscure. Ovules numerous in each cell, inserted in a vertical ring round a shield-shaped placenta, horizontal, the micropyle turned outwards. Stigmas 4. Fruit a drupe. Leaves clustered. Flowers solitary, axillary. — Species 4. Madagascar and Mascarenes. Yielding timber. [Subfamily FOETIDIOIDEAE. | Foetidia Comm. ‘Petals or staminodes present. Stamens obviously united at the base. Disc distinct. Ovules inserted in rows on slightly thickened placentas, horizontal with the micropyle turned inwards, or ascending, or pendu- lous. Flowers racemose, rarely solitary, but then leaves scattered. . 2 2. Sepals 5. Petals 0. Stamens and staminodes united to different heights, in 4 concentric rows, the inner row partly fertile, the rest barren. Anthers 1-celled. Disc thick. Ovary 5—20-celled. - Style short; stigmas 5. Seeds 5 or more. Flowers solitary or 2—3 together, axillary. Leaves scattered. — Species 5. Central Africa. They yield timber and edible , fruits. [Subfamily NAPOLEONOIDEAE.| . . Napoleona Beauv. ‘Sepals 2—4. Petals 4—-6. Stamens all fertile or the innermost barren, all united to the same height. Anthers 2-celled. Disc ring-shaped. LECYTHIDACEAE, FLOW. PL. AFR. Pl LH; J. Fleischmann del. Barringtonia racemosa (L.) Blume Al.caf. B Inflorescence, C Flower cut lengthwise (the stamens cut off near the middle). D Anther. E Cross-section of ovary. (A from Curtis Botanical Magazine, pl. 3831.) RHIZOPHORACEAE. PLOW PL. AER. Phare J. Fleischmann del. Weihea africana Benth. A Flowering branch. B Flower cut lengthwise (some anthers cut off). C Cross-section of ovary. 176. LECYTHIDACEAE — 177. RHIZOPHORACEAE 387 Ovary 2—4-celled. Style long; stigma I, entire or 2—4-lobed. Seeds I—4. Flowers in racemes. Leaves clustered. [Subfamily PLAN- Ce Coen aeal Ts sick el a whmsirectincs)aban2 tg 3. Ovary long, winged. Ovules inserted along the inner angle of the cells or in the middle of the partitions. Fruit a nut. Embryo with distinct cotyledons. Bracteoles in the middle of the long pedicels. — Species 2 WestiAirica...;.:.. ing.» «,\Petersia Welw. Ovary short, ovate. Ov ges suspe dine d Ae the apex of the inner angle of the cells. Fruit a one-seeded drupe, Embryo undivided. Bract- eoles at the base of the pedicels. — Species 5. Madagascar and neigh- bouring islands. East and South-east Africa. They yield timber, tanning bark, vegetables, oil, fish-poison, and medicaments, and serve also as ornamental plants. (Plate rrr.) . . . Barringtonia Forst. FAMILY 177. RHIZOPHORACEAE Trees or shrubs. Leaves undivided. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite or polygamous. Sepals valvate in bud. Petals free, induplicate-valvate in ‘bud, usually lobed or fringed. Stamens perigynous or epigynous, twice as many :aS the petals or more, rarely (Anisophyllea) some of them barren. Anthers ‘opening inwards by longitudinal slits. Ovary completely or incompletely 2—6-celled. Ovules 1—2 in the inner angle of each cell, pendulous, inverted. ‘Seeds usually germinating in the still attached fruit. — Genera IO, species 45. ‘Tropical and South Africa. (Plate 112.) I. Styles 3—4. Ovary inferior, with I ovule in each cell. Stamens 6—8, several of them sometimes barren. Flowers 3—4-merous, polygamous. Fruit a drupe. Seeds exalbuminous. Leaves alternate, exstipulate. DSabiamily ANISOPHYLLOIDEAE.]. «s,s Bass felled <2 ur? Style 1. Ovary with 2 ovules in each cell. Fruit a berry or a capsule. Seeds albuminous. Leaves opposite or whorled, stipulate. [Subfamily HERSFHOBROINDEAR.] it. 3.) «aoa eee ate tel oe be fe a a 2. Flowers in few-flowered spikes or racemes. Fruit I-seeded. — Species 7. Tropics. They yield timber and edible fruits. Anisophyllea R. Br. Flowers in spikes arranged in racemes. Style ovate. Fruit 2—4-seeded. — Species I. Equatorial West Africa (Gaboon). Yields edible, oily seeds. Poga Pierre 3. Ovary inferior or half-inferior. Placentas usually passing into the style. Ovules without appendages. Petals yellow, brown, red, or greenish. Stamens twice as many as the petals. [Tribe GYNOTROCHEAE.] 4 Ovary superior or nearly so. Placentas not reaching to the base of the style. Ovules with appendages. Petals 4—6, toothed or split, usually mhites 7/| TribesMACARISIEAE.] md Cm]. oe IBA 4. Ovary inferior. Receptacle (flower- tab) deeply concave, bell- or funnel- shaped, distinctly prolonged above the ovary. Petals 5--14. Calyx crowning the fruit. . . x STETTEN WA NER 388 177. RHIZOPHORACEAE Ovary half-inferior. Receptacle slightly concave, saucer-shaped, scarcely prolonged above the ovary. Petals 4—6. Calyx at the base of the fruit. Seeds germinating in the still attached fruit. Plants with aerial roots. Flowers with an involucre of two bracteoles, arranged incymes.. . 6 Receptacle funnel-shaped, prolonged above the ovary into a long tube. Flowers 8—14-merous. Petals red or brown, 2-lobed, with thread-like appendages. Antesepalous stamens curved sideways at the base, becoming opposite to the antepetalous. Disc obscurely lobed. Ovary 2—4-celled. Seeds germinating in the still attached fruit. Flowers solitary. — Species I. Tropical and South-east Africa. Yields timber and bark used for tanning and dyeing. . oi SO Braemera Lan Receptacle bell-shaped, prolonged above the ovary into a short tube. Flowers 5—8-merous. Petals yellowish, irregularly lobed. Ante- sepalous stamens not opposite to the antepetalous. Disc usually double. Fruit 1- or 3—6-celled. Seeds germinating after the fruit has fallen. Flowers with an involucre of two bracteoles, arranged in cymes. — Species 2. Madagascar. . . . . . . Carallia Roxb. Flowers 4-merous. Petals entire, yellowish or green. Anthers with numerous cells (pollen-sacks). Disc obscurely lobed. Ovary 2-celled. Stigma 2-lobed. — Species 2. Tropical and South-east Africa. They yield timber, tanning and dyeing materials, and medicaments. “ Man- grove.” . . BEE Sones . one Rhizophora L. Flowers 5—6-merous. Petals 2-lobed, brownish. Anthers with 4 cells. Disc deeply lobed. Ovary 3-celled above, 1-celled below. Stigma entire. — Species I. Tropics. Yields timber and tanning bark. Ceriops Arn. Ovary 2—4-celled, adnate to the receptacle by the broad base. Leaves Opposites 3 nt 2 000 un. cee Be PER, Er. Ovary 5-celled, sessile or short-stalked. Stamens 10. Flowers 5-merous, in few-flowered inflorescences. Seedswinged.. . ... .. 9Q Disc distinctly 8—15-lobed. Stamens 1o—15. Stigma entire. Placentas reaching the middle of the ovary only. Flowers in many-flowered inflorescences, frequently in glomerules. — Species 10. Tropical and South-east Africa. (Under Cassipourca Aubl.) Daetylopetalum Benth. Disc not distinctly lobed. Stamens 10—30. Stigma 2—4-lobed. Placen- tas reaching the base of the style. Fruit fleshy. Seeds with an aril. Flowers with an involucre of two bracteoles, solitary or in few-flowered inflorescences. — Species 18. Tropical and South-east Africa. (Plate EIB cre iy [yyitien tes) =p fain ehe ashes 2 le Ovary sessile. Tall trees. Leaves whorled. — Species 2. West Africa. Anopyxis Pierre Ovary short-stalked. Low trees. Leaves opposite. — Species 3. Mada- BAasCcaL. Sl) Ss Gece oy os dy Se) a eee ee | oe SLUT BEREITEN EN 178. ALANGIACEAE — 179. COMBRETACEAE 389 FAMILY 178. ALANGIACEAE Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, undivided, without stipules. Flowers in axillary cymes, regular, hermaphrodite. Calyx 6—10-toothed. Petals 6—-10, free or slightly cohering at the base, narrow, valvate in bud. Stamens as many as the petals and alternate with them, or more. Filaments short, free or nearly so, hairy. Anthers long, adnate, opening inwards or laterally by two longitudinal slits. Disc cushion-shaped. Ovary inferior, I-celled, rarely 2-celled. Ovule I in each cell, pendulous, inverted, with a ventral raphe. Style simple; stigma lobed. Fruit a drupe. Seed with a large central embryo and fleshy albumen. (Under CORNACEAE.) Genus I, species 2. Tropics. Used medicinally. (Including Marlea Roxb. and Siylidium Lour.) a WI eee Ra Lan. FAMILY 179. COMBRETACEAE Trees or shrubs, rarely undershrubs. Leaves entire, without stipules. Flowers in spikes heads or panicles, regular or nearly so, 4--6-merous. Petals free or wanting. Stamens usually twice as many as the sepals. Anthers versatile. Ovary inferior, rarely half-inferior, 1-celled. Ovules 2—3, rarely 4—6, pendulous from the apex of the cavity, inverted. Style simple. Fruit a one-seeded drupe or nut, rarely incompletely dehiscent, usually angled or winged. Seeds exalbuminous. — Genera 12, species 330. Tropical and South Africa. (Plate 113.) I. Ovary half-inferior. Petals 5. Stamens Io. Ovules 2, with a short funicle. Fruit dorsally compressed, dry, indehiscent. Embryo with very thick, almost hemispherical cotyledons. — Species 2. West Africa. (Subfamily STREPHONEMATOIDEAE.| . . Strephonema Hook. fil. Ovary inferior. Ovules usually with a long funicle. Fruit winged, angled, laterally compressed, or terete. Embryo with flat, folded, or twisted cotyledons. [Subfamily COMBRETOIDEAE.| . . . .. . 2 . Flowers with bracteoles adnate to the ovary, arranged in spikes or racemes. Sepals persistent. Petals 5. Cotyledons twisted. ‘Tribe LAGUN- CULARIEAE.] Ie en er At a ee ee TA 4 Flowers without bracteoles. Sepals deciduous, rarely persistent, but faomiawersan Heads, ! Dal peogoly Mh S27, ONS ZWAR EVA . Leaves opposite. Flowers sessile. Stamens 10. Ovules 2; funicle short. — Species 1. Coasts of West Africa. Yields timber, tanning and D Oo dyeing materials, and medicaments. . . . lLaguneularia Gaertn. Leaves alternate. Flowers stalked. Ovules 4—6 ; funicle long. — Species I. Coast of East Africa and Madagascar. . . Lumnitzera Willd. 4. Petals 4—5, rarely none ; in this case, as usually, leaves opposite. Flowers mostly hermaphrodite. Funicle usually tubercled. Cotyledons flat or folded, more rarely twisted. [Tribe COMBRETEAE.| . . .) 5 Petals none. Leaves alternate, rarely almost opposite. Flowers mostly polygamous. Sepals deciduous. Funicle usually smooth. Cotyledons twisted. Trees or erect shrubs. [Tribe TERMINALIEAE.| . . Io 390 5: 6. IO. ah) 179. COMBRETACEAE Petals absent. Sepals5. . . iv... Petals present, sometimes minute, rabisly als; bert Ieee depkls 4. True Calyx campanulate, divided down to the ovary, wing-like in fruit. Cotyle- dons twisted. Climbing shrubs. Flowers in panicled spikes. — Species: I. Madagascar. DEIN AP COR Uy, D IE, alive git ee Calyx tubular-campanulate, lobed or cleft, net-veined, corolla-like, de- ciduous. Fruit woody. Cotyledons flat. Flowers in heads or short spikes. — Species 9. Madagascar. (Under Combretum L.) Calopyxis Tul. . Flowers ebracteate, arranged in heads which are subtended by 4 involucral bracts. Sepals persistent. Petals 5, strap-shaped. Stamens 10. Ovules 4—6. Fruit elongate, spindle-shaped, obscurely 5-angled, clothed with long hairs. Erect shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite, dotted. — Species I. Central Africa. Used medicinally. Guiera Adans. Flowers bracteate, arranged in spikes or racemes. Sepals deciduous. Fruit winged br'angled>: » = weluklluie os Inn Wine ser nnn . Flowers polygamous (hermaphrodite and male). Fruit 2-, rarely 3—4- winged, indehiscent. Trees or erect shrubs. — Species 5. Central Africa to Delagoa Bay. (Under Combretum L.) . Pteleopsis Engl. Flowers hermaphrodite. Fruit 4—5-winged or 4—5-angled. . . . 9 . Calyx-tube above the ovary very long and thin, filiform ; style adnate to it. Ovules 3—4. Flowers 5-merous. Fruit dehiscing at the top along the 5 angles. Climbing shrubs. Lower leaves alternate, upper opposite. — Species 3. Tropical and South-east Africa. Used as ornamental or medicinal ‚plants... .) «p< A wea Une To- 1s Quisqualis = Le Calyx-tube not elongate-filiform. ae 2—3; funicles equal in length. Fruit indehiscent. Leaves opposite or whorled, sometimes intermixed with alternate ones. — Species 230. Tropical and South Africa. Some: species yield timber, gum, tanning and dyeing materials, arrow-poison, medicaments, and fatty seeds} several serve as ornamental plants. (Including Cacoucia Aubl., Campylochiton Welw., Campylogyne Welw., and Porvrea Comm.) (Plate 113.) esfostamicl © trend bye Ona nem tenes (4.) Flowers and fruits in globose heads. Receptacle (calyx-tube) pro- longed above the ovary into a stalk. Calyx-lobes 5, reflexed. Ovules 2. Fruits erect or spreading, flat, 2-winged, produced into a long beak ; pericarp corky. Shrubs. — Species 1. Central Africa. Yields timber,, dyes, a substitute for soap, and medicaments. . . . Anogeissus Wall. Flowers and fruits in sometimes ovate, usually panicled spikes. Receptacle: not much prolonged. Fruit not long-beaked but sometimes acuminate ; pericarp leathery or drupaceous.. . . . urn ae "ae Fruits crowded in a cone, bent downwards, ai 2-winged, acuminate ; pericarp leathery. Flowers in short panicled spikes, 5-merous. Calyx- lobes erect. Ovules 2. — Species 2. Central Africa. They yield. timber, tanning materials, and medicaments. . . Conocarpus Gaertn. COMBRETACEAE. BEnOW. PL. APR. Pl. 113. J. Fleischmann del. Combretum racemosum Beauv. A Part of a flowering branch. B Flower cut lengthwise C Fruit. D Cross-section of fruit. MYRTACEAE. FLOW. PL. AFR. Pi. 114. J. Fleischmann del. Eugenia natalitia{ Sond. A Flowering branch. B Hermaphrodite flower cut lengthwise (most of the anthers having fallen oft). C Cross-section of ovary D Male flower cut lengthwise (most of the anthers having fallen off). E Fruit. F Seed cut lengthwise. 179. COMBRETACEAE — 180. MYRTACEAE 391 Fruits not crowded in a cone; pericarp fleshy or leathery outside, bony ‘within. Flowers in usually long, often panicled spikes. Funicle smooth. Leaves usually crowded at the ends of the branches. — Species 80: Tropical and South Africa. Some species yield timber, resin used for fumigating, tanning and dyeing materials, food for silk-worms, edible oily seeds, and medicaments ; others are used as ornamental plants. Terminalia L. FAMILY 180. MYRTACEAE Trees or shrubs. Leaves undivided, gland-dotted, without stipules. Flowers regular, 4—5-merous. Calyx with imbricate, open, or closed aestivation. Petals free and imbricate in bud, or united into a hood. Stamens usually numerous. Anthers opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary usually inferior or half-inferior, 2—5-celled, the cells sometimes incomplete at the top. Ovules inverted. Style simple; stigma entire, rarely (Psiloxylon) 3—4-parted. Seeds exalbuminous. — Genera Io, species 85. (Plate 114.) I. Fruit a capsule or a nut. Embryo straight, with large cotyledons. Trees. (Subfamily LEPTOSPERMOIDEAE, tribe LEPTOSPERMEAE.]. 2 Fruit a berry. Ovary inferior or half-inferior. Stamens numerous. Leaves opposite. [Subfamily MYRTOIDEAE, tribe MYRTEAE.] . 5 2. Calyx entire or nearly so. Petals united into a hood falling off as a whole. Stamens numerous. Ovary inferior. .Leaves of older trees mostly alternate. — Species 3. Cultivated and naturalized in various regions. They yield timber, bark for tanning, an astringent resin (kino), and an ethereal oil used in. perfumery and medicine. [Subtribe EUCALYPTINAE.| .. . PINZON DAFT Hifealyptus “L Her, Calyx with 5 lobes. Potaists! froß: rE CE II 73 3. Stamens numerous. Ovary inferior or half- irdren Leaves opposite. — Species 1. South Africa. [Tribe METROSIDERINAE.) Metrosideros Banks Stamens 5—10. Ovary superior. Leaves alternate. . . . . . 4 4. Stamens 5—8. Stigma I, entire. Flowers in terminal panicles. — Species ai) South Africa: ees iv DIFODL, Heteropyxis Harv. Stamens Io. Stigmas 3—4. Flower in axillary clusters. — Species 1. Mascarene Islands. Yields timber. {Fropiera Hook. fil.) Psiloxylon Thouars 5. Embryo with a short radicle and large, fleshy cotyledons. Flowers usually 4-merous. Sepals separate or indistinct. Ra 2-, steve 3-celled. [Subtribe EUGENIINAE.] . . 6 Embryo with a long, curved = and ihobter‘ or somew hat ieee cotyledons. Flowers usually 5-merous. Petals free. [Subtribe “ MYRTINAE.] . . ar DR ig. “10, HUOMY BME 6. Ovary in the centre of the reset Calyx-tube contrasting distinctly with the pedicel, not or slightly prolonged above the ovary. Petals ' 392 180. MYRTACEAE — I8I. .MELASTOMATACEAE free, —- Species 40. Tropical and South Africa. Some species yield timber, bark used for tanning, edible fruits, and medicaments. (In- cluding Chloromvrtus Pierre). (Plate rr4.) . . . . Eugenia L. Ovary in the upper part of the receptacle. Calyx-tube gradually narrowed into the pedicel, usually much prolonged above the ovary. . . . 7 >. Petals free, falling singly. Stamens inserted upon a distinct disc. Sepals comparatively large. — Species 8, of which 6 are growing wild in Mada- gascar and the Mascarenes, the other two cultivated and sometimes naturalized in the tropics. They yield timber, bark used for tanning, spices (cloves from /. caryophyllus Nied.), medicaments, and edible fruits ; some are used as ornamental plants. (Including Caryophyllus L., under. Zusanıa ls) + Geena vied zuosnın->Jambosarlt: Petals more or less cohering, usually falling off together. Staminiferous disc none. Sepals usually small. -— Species 25. Tropical and South Africa. They yield timber, tanning and dyeing materials, spices, medicaments, and edible fruits. en Wi Acmena DC., under Eugenia Da Vy [6 eee Ru) Syzygium Gaertn. &. Placentas in the upper ae of ae ovary-cells, bearing I—6b ovules each. Ovary 2-celled. Calyx divided already in the bud. Seeds 1—2, with a membranous coat ; embryo spirally twisted, with minute cotyledons. — Species 2. Cultivated and naturalized in the Mascarene Islands. They yield timber, an aromatic oil, spices (allspice), and medicaments, and serve also as ornamental plants. . . . „0.00% Pimenta Lindl. Placentas in the middle of the ovary-cells, EEE numerous ovules each. Ovary completely or incompletely 3—5-, rarely 2-celled. Seeds numer- ous, with a horny coat ; embryo curved, not spiral. . .. . . . 9Q g. Calyx already divided into segments in the bud. Ovary and fruit com- dons. — Species 1 (M. communis L., myrtle). North. Africa and Abyssinia, also naturalized in St. Helena. It is used as an ornamental plant and yields tanning bark and an oil employed in perfumery and medicine. . . error are Calyx closed in the bl Misting en Ovary and fruit usually 4—5-celled. Embryo with minute cotyledons. — Species 2. Cultivated in the tropics. They yield timber, bast used for paper-making, tanning and dyeing materials, vegetables, edible fruits (guavas), and medicaments. Psidium L. FAMILY 181. MELASTOMATACEAE Leaves opposite or whorled, undivided, usually with 3—rr longitudinal nerves, not dotted, without stipules. Flowers regular or nearly so. Petals perigynous or epigynous, free, usually with contorted aestivation. Stamens perigynous or epigynous, twice as many, rarely as many as the petals. Fila- ‚ ments inflexed in the bud. Anthers 2-celled, turned inwards, usually with an I8l. MELASTOMATACEAE 393 enlarged connective and opening at the top by 1—2 pores or short slits. Ovary generally inferior or half-inferior. Ovules numerous. Style simple; stigma entire. Seeds exalbuminous. — Genera 33, species 280. Tropical and South Africa. (Plate 115.) I. Ovary I-celled, inferior. Ovules 6—20, inserted upon a free central placenta. Fruit a berry. Seed ı, large. Calyx entire or 4-lobed. Petals white or blue. Stamens twice as many as the petals. Anthers short, with a posterior appendage, opening in front by two longitudinal slits. Shrubs or trees. Leaves penninerved or obscurely trinerved. (Subfamily MEMECYLOIDEAE, tribe MEMECYLEAE.]. . . 2.20.02 Ovary completely 2- or more-celled. Ovules numerous, inserted upon axile placentas. Seeds numerous, small. (Subfamily MELASTOMA- TOIDEAE. | A> LIM IOD) Poi a SUR.) eM 4713 2. Connective of the stamens lengthened at the base. Petals reddish. Flowers in terminal fascicles. Stem and inflorescence bristly. — Species 1. East Africa. ee . . . Warneckea Gilg Connective of the stamens not lengthened at the base, but spurred at the back. Petals white or blue. Flowers in axillary inflorescences, more rarely in terminal, many-flowered cymes. Stem and inflorescence glabrous. — Species 60. Tropical and South-east Africa. Some species yield timber, dyes, medicaments, and edible fruits. . . Memecylon L. 3. Seeds strongly curved or spirally coiled. Fruit usually a membranous, 4—5-valved capsule with a convex, usually bristly summit. Con- nective of the stamens unappendaged behind, but furnished with two spurs or gibbosities in front, rarely quite unappendaged. Calvx-lobes usually large and alternating with bristles or small teeth. Tribe EC LCA Il od gies Stent near TR Zr A tii wd Seeds straight or slightly curved, rarely strongly curved, but then fruit bursting irregularly or indehiscent and connective gibbous before and behind. Connective usually appendaged behind, or before and inane Went. A fiicuc sya asl ee cee Ls Baetsiacheok. G27 4. Stamens of two kinds, the larger with the connective distinctly lengthened at the base and furnished with two spurs or bosses, the smaller ones with a not or slightly lengthened connective. Shrubs or trees. . . 2. 5 Stamens equal in shape, but sometimes unequalin length. . . . . §& 5. Connective of the smaller stamens unappendaged, of the larger with two bosses. Calyx-tube glabrous ; teeth very short. Fruit with a membran- ous skin, bursting irregularly. Low shrubs. Flowers in terminal pan- icles. — Species 2. West Africa. . . . . . Dinophora Benth. ‘Connective of all stamens provided with 2 spurs or bosses. Calyx-tube usually hairy. Fruit with a membranous skin, but dehiscing in 4—5 valves, or with a leathery or fleshy skin... 2.0202 2000. 6 6. Calyx without accessory teeth. Connective of all stamens lengthened at the base and provided with 2 awns. Fruit 4—5-valved. Rough- 394 Io. TI. 12. 13. 14. ISI. MELASTOMATACEAE hairy shrubs or trees. Flowers in terminal panicles. — Species 20. Madagascar. . . . . + Diehaetanthera Endl. Calyx with accessory teeth sass the sepals. Connective of the smaller stamens not or scarcely lengthened... . . 2 - «© «© ee 8g . Fruit bursting irregularly or remaining closed; skin leathery or fleshy. Flowers 5—7-merous. Shrubs with rough branches and bristly leaves. — Species 1. Seychelles... . . . Melastoma Burm. Fiuit opening by 4—5 valves ; A Aiea Se or leathery. Ovary adnate to the calyx-tube by 4—5 longitudinal partitions. Flowers 4—5- merous. Hairy, usually bristly herbs undershrubs or shrubs. — Species 50. Central and South Africa; one species also naturalized in the Mascarene Islands. An intoxicating drink is prepared from the roots of some species. (Including Argyrella Naud.) (Plate 115.) Dissotis Benth. . Connective with two spur-like appendages. Ovary half-inferior. Flowers in terminal cymes or panicles. . . „u SU LET SET Connective with two bosses or without any EI ON at RER . Stamens unequal in length. Connective much lengthened = the base. Flowers 4-merous. Calyx-lobes broadly rounded. Ovary with 4 bristles at the top. Shrubs. — Species 1. Equatorial West Africa. Barbeyastrum Cogn. Stamens equal in en Connective not or slightly lengthened at the Dane. se oo et) RSS Ce Connective ehiettienta ‘at hae pale: Flowers 4-merous. Calyx-tube pitcher-shaped, glabrous. Calyx-lobes 4, very short. Petals yellow. Shrubs. — Species I. Madagascar. . . . . Amphorocalyx Bak. Connective not or scarcely lengthened at the base. Calyx-tube bell-shaped. Calyx-lobes rather large. Shrubs with pink petals, or herbs. . . II Flowers 4-merous. Calyx without accessory teeth. Shrubs. Leaves. 5—ıI-nerved. — Species 2. Madagascar. . .” Dionychia Naud. Flowers 5-merous . Calyx with 5 bristle-like accessory teeth alternating with the sepals. Herbs. Leaves 3-nerved. — Species 4. Madagascar. Rhodosepala Bak. Calyx with accessory teeth or bristles alternating with the eure Stamens. equalinlength. Ovary with bristlesatthetop . . ites. Calyx without accessory teeth or bristles. Petals red or “white, Ovary more or less adnate to the calyx-tube. . . . nsimtzgz Ovary free. Flowers 4-merous. Calyx-tube REN or oa hairy. Petals yellow. Connective not lengthened at the base, obscurely tubercled. Erect herbs. IT lowers terminal, solitary or ternate. — Species1. West Africa... . . i . . Nerophila Naud. Ovary more or less adnate to the ru ee Calys- -tube usually hairy. Petalsusuallyred.. . . . 20 head Anthers smooth, oval-oblong. Gone more or ae leupihlanedl and provided with two bosses at the base. Herbs. Flowers in cymes. — Species 2. Tropics. (Under Osbeckia L.) . Antherotoma Hook. fil. 16. 18. 19. 20. 2I. I8I .MELASTOMATACEAF 395 Anthers with a wavy surface, linear, rarely broader, but then connective not distinctly lengthened at the base. — Species 20. Tropical and South- east Africa. Some species are used as ornamental or medicinal plants. Osbeckia L. . Anthers linear. Connective not or scarcely lengthened at the base, provided with two bosses in front. Stamens usually unequal in length. Calyx- tube bristly. Shrubs. — Species 15. Tropics. Some species yield edible fruits and medicaments. . . . . . . . Tristemma Juss. Anthers ovoid. Connective lengthened at the base, unappendaged. Sta- mens equal in length. Ovary glabrous at the top. Herbs. Flowers Bela) ainingas 16 2omva ml Beene leur ghocw aie 16 Flowers 4-merous. Calyx-tube hairy. Ovary inferior. Flowers terminal. — Species I. West Africa. (Under Guyonia Naud.) Afzeliella Gilg Flowers 5-merous. Calyx-tube glabrous. Ovary half-inferior. — Species mamnvest Adrical-..vien end eat ea it 20s \Guyonia,Naud. . (3.) Fruit bursting irregularly or remaining closed ; skin fleshy or leathery, rarely membranous. Connective furnished with appendages in front and behind, rarely only in front. [Tribe DISSOCHAETEAE. | + ES Fruit opening by 3—6 valves; skin membranous, rarely leathery. Con- nective usually furnished with appendages only behind. . . . . 25 Connective with two iu in front, nn behind. Stamens equal Ofnearly’so. . . 19 Connective with two nts or ala: in a a I—2 behind; Galy X- lobes tooth-shaped, bristle- ee or wanting. Flowers in cymes, umbels, or panicles. . . . 20 Calyx distinctly 5-lobed. dunes? very or eyassan at the fies Fruit a berry. Herbs. Flowers solitary. — Species 1. West Africa (Cameroons) . . . . . Tetraphyllaster Gilg Calyx obscurely lobed. Ghnsieciite ch olensi at the base. Fruit a capsule with a membranous skin. Shrubs or trees. Flowers in panicles. — Species 5. West Africa. . . . . . . . Sakersia Hook. fil. Stamens distinctly unequal, the connective of the longer ones lengthened at the base and furnished with 1 spur behind and 2 in front, that of the shorter ones also with one spur behind but none in front. Flowers 5-merous. Calyx-tube top- or urn-shaped ; lobes short, alternating with accessory teeth. Petals red. Ovary adnate up to the middle. Shrubs. Flowers. in terminal, few-flowered cymes. — Species 3. West Africa. Diceliandra Hook. fil. Stamens equal or nearly so, rarely very unequal, but then the connective of all with 2 appendages in front and usually not lengthened at the Pr Sw} Ne... te ee Stamens distinctly unequal. Flowers 4-merous. Calyx-tube constricted above the ovary, saucer-shaped at the top, entire or nearly so. Climbing shrubs. Lower leaves alternate, upper whorled. Flowers at the base: 396 D i) 24. 25. 20. ISI. MELASTOMATACEAE of the stem in many-flowered globose inflorescences composed of cymes. — Species 1. Equatorial West Africa (Gaboon) Myrianthemum Gilg Stamens equal or subequal, rarely (Medinilla) distinctly unequal, but then calyx-tube not much constricted and inflorescence not many- flowered and springing from the baseofthestem. . . . . . . 22 . Connective of the stamens lengthened at the base and furnished with a spur in front and a boss behind. Flowers 5-merous. Ovary wholly adnate. Shrubs. Flowers in terminal, few-flowered cymes. — Species I. Equatorial West Africa (Cameroons). . . . . . Preussiella Gilg Connective with 2 spurs or bosses in front and 1—2 behind. . . . . 23 . Stem woody, shrubby. Flowers in cymes or panicles. Ovary adhering to the calyx-tube entirely or by several dissepiments. — Species 25. Tropics. Some are used as ornamental or medicinal plants. Medinilla Gaud. Stem herbaceous or woody at the base only. Leaves opposite; side- nerves nearly perpendicular to the main nerves. Flowers 5-merous, in terminal umbels or panicles. Connective with 2 bosses in front and one behind. ! 4.5. vie Il edad). Iuohkrt vio whee. basded Bee Flowers in panicles. Petals subacute. Ovary in its lower half adhering to the calyx-tube by dissepiments. Style without scales at the base. Fruit bursting irregularly. Seeds curved. — Species I. Central Africa. Phaeoneuron Gilg Flowers in umbels. Petals acuminate. Ovary adhering to the calyx-tube to above the middle. Style surrounded at the base by 5 scales. — Species. ‚East Africa. . :... = , 2/)s)...,. 2oloig Orthogtg Regie (17.) Fruit and ovary cylindrical or angled, convex at the top. Stamens equal; connective appendaged behind only, more rarely without any appendlagerv [Tribe OXYSPOREAE.]: = 2.4 ROINEnR Fruit and usually also the ovary angled or winged, broad a flat or concave at the top, rarely (Calvoa) slightly convex, but then the connective appendaged in front or in front and behind. [Tribe SONERILEAE.] 29 Stem herbaceous or hali-shrubby, erect. Leaves large. Flowers in umbels, large, red, 5-merous. Calyx-tube angled ; lobes long. Petals produced into a thread-like point. Connective with a thick spur and two glands. Ovary crowned by 5 scales. —- Species I. Fast Africa. Petalonema Gilg Stem shrubby, more rarely half-shrubby, but then decumbent and bearing smallleaves. Flowersincymesor panicles. . . . TO ee . Stem half-shrubby, decumbent. Connective shortly sro at the base, tubercled or obscurely spurred behind. — Species 1. Madagascar. Phornothamnus Bak. Stem shrubby. Connective not prolonged. . . . 3 a 2; . Calyx-limb divided into 4 large lobes without accessory teeth. Co onnective unappendaged. Ovary adhering below to the calyx-tube by several MELASTOMATACEAE, FLOW. PL. AFR. Pl. 115. J. Fleischmann del. Dissotis capitata (Vahl) Hook. fil. A Flowering branch. B Flower cut lengthwise. C Cross-sect.on of ovary. D Fruit. E Seed. OENOTHERACEAE. FLOW. PL. AFR Pir, J. Fleischmann del. Jussieua linifolia Vahl A Plant in flower. B Flowering branch of a taller Bann, Be Flower cut lengthwise. D Cross-section of ovary. E Fruit. eed. I8I. MELASTOMATACEAE — 182. OENOTHERACEAE 397 dissepiments and crowned by 4 bristle-like scales. — Species 1. Mada- Beer...» . oe), „„ Rousseauxia DC. Calyx-limb entire or NR Be. with 5 accessory teeth. Ovary adhering to the calyx-tube ali round. — Species 20. Madagascar. Veprecella Naud. 29. Connective of the stamens appendaged behind only, not or shortly prolonged atthe, base, . _.«.. 11. ae a Connective of the athens ee. in fbn or ae Behind, or un- appendaged. Flowers 5-merous. . . oe yA. 32 30. Stamens unequal in length. Herbs with a thickened root-stock. Leaves cordate, g-nerved. — Species 2. Central Africa. Cineinnobotrys Gilg Stamens equal in length. Flowers 5-merous. . . mi. 31 31. Calyx almost entire. Ovary crowned by 5 scales. Erect ar with glandular hairs. Leaves lanceolate. Flowers in umbels. — Species 1. Bast Africa... - ä . . „21. Urotheea, Gilg Calyx 5-toothed. Bayes ee a very Ba stem and cymose flowers, or climbing shrubs. — Species 15. Madagascar. Some are used as nregtal,plants. oh iiss eps ll mhahmerite men Nest. Naud, 2. Stamens distinctly unequal ; connective of the longer ones lengthened at the base, furnished with 1—2 bosses or spurs in front, spurred or un- appendaged behind. — Species 8. West Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants. . . . . . Amphiblemma Naud. Stamens equal or nearly so ; ee not or shortly lengthened at the base, usually provided aes a scale in front, rarely also with a boss behind. — Species 9. Central Africa. . . . . . Calvoa Hook. fil. Se) FAMILY 182. OENOTHERACEAE Leaves undivided or pinnately cleft. Flowers solitary or in spikes, heads, racemes, or panicles, 2—6-, rarely 4-merous. Sepals valvate in bud. Petals free, rarely (Ludwigia) absent. Stamens as many or twice as many as the sepals. Anthers opening inwards by longitudinal slits. Ovary inferior or half- inferior, completely or almost completely 2—6-celled. Ovules inverted. Style simple. Seeds exalbuminous.—Genera 10, species 40. (ONAGRACEAE, including HYDROCARYACEAE.) (Plate 116.) 1. Ovary half-inferior, 2-celled, with one pendulous ovule in each cell. Flowers 4-merous. Fruit top-shaped, woody, indehiscent. Floating herbs, with filiform branched side-roots and broad radical leaves. — Species 2. The seeds are edible and are used for preparing meal and medicaments. saWater Chestnut.” [Tribe TRAPEAE] .- .' dasl.wollı /Trapa L. Ovary inferior, 2-celled with one ascending ovule in each cell, or more frequently 3—6-celled with numerous ovules. . . . 2 2020.02 2. Flowers 2-merous. Receptacle prolonged above the ovary in the shape of a stalk. Petals white or reddish. Stamens 2. Ovules and seeds 2. Fruit an ovoid nut with a leathery rind, covered with hooked 398 182. OENOTHERACEAE bristles. Herbs. Leaves opposite. Flowers in racemes. — Species I. North Africa. [Tribe CIRCAEEAE.] nur tler WB) SOEBEN Flowers 3—6-merous. Stamens 3—12. Ovules and seeds numerous. Feaitacapenle or afberge in, OANA Uh? NS Ae 3. Flowers with bracteoles, regular. Receptacle (calyx-tube) not prolonged beyond the ovary. Calyx persistent. Petals yellow or white, rarely absent. Fruit loculicidal and’ septicidal. Herbs or undershrubs. Stipules present, but Br minute and caducous. [Tribe JUSSIEU- OF ..* Sa FE iin Flowers without brac Elis, 4-merous. Receptacle more or less prolonged above the ovary; if obscurely prolonged, then flowers somewhat irregular with red petals. Calyx deciduous. Stamens 8. Fruit loculicidalor indekiseent. 1 Jreavow) visvO", satis Meomuk TAB 4. Stamens 3—6. — Species 5. (Including /snardia L.) . . Ludwigia L. Stamens 8—ı2. Petals 4—6. Epigynous disc pyramidal or cushion- shaped. — Species 10. Some of them are used medicinally and for dyeing. (Plate 116.) DI eT BOI, > ZUNINZ, ZONEN 5. Stem woody. Leaves stipulate. Flowers regular. Calyx coloured, with a long tube. Petals red or violet. Stamens unequal. Fruit a berry. — Species 1. Naturalized in some tropical countries. An ornamental plant: "Mribe FUCHSIPAB I. ow © nad, 19 Fuchsia L. Stem herbaceous or woody at the base only. Leave exstipulate. Fruit a leap mot VL a TOR 941% ya . 151/P9 ‚AOIBBIGEEE ‘6. Calyx-tube short, bell-shaped. Petals usually ee Stamens unequal in length. Fruit linear with a membranous rind. Seeds with a tuft of hairs.. “(bes PTbOBIEAL.|s. Vi. Sap. . > Mrs Calyx-tube long, funnel-shaped or cylindrical. Calyx-lobes reflexed. Flowers regular. Petals usually yellow. Stamens subequal. Stigma 4-partite. Seeds without a tuft of hairs. [Tribe ORNOTHEREAE.] 8 7. Flowers somewhat irregular, large. Calyx-tube scarcely prolonged beyond the ovary. Petals red, spreading. Stamens in one row, bent down, broadened at the base. Style bent down, hairy at the base. Stigma 4-partite. — Species 1. Canary Islands. Yields tea and medicaments, and serves as a vegetable and as an ornamental plant. (Under Epilob- ium L.) mslyzazaalıber; . . . Chamaenerium Spach Flowers regular, usually small. Calyx: -tube shortly bell-shaped above the ovary. Stamens in two rows, erect. Style erect, glabrous. — Species 15. Some of them are used as ornamental or medicinal plants. MwWallow-herb.”’ .. u. (.s)4:P oak E ID) Tpilebium i 8. Calyx-tube funnel-shaped, rather short (as fee as or shorter than the lobes). Petals red or white. Fruit club-shaped, stalked, keeled at the angles, with a more or less woody rind. Seeds with an elongated funicle. Leaves pinnatifid. — Species 2. Naturalized in North and South Africa. Ornamental plants. (Under Oenothera L.) . . Xylopleurum Spach 182. OENOTHERACEAE — 183. HALORRHAGACEAE 399 Calyx-tube cylindrical, long. Petals yellow. Fruit obscurely angled, with amore orlessmembranousorleatheryrind. . . . . . . 9g g. Seeds horizontal, sharply angled, with a thick coat. Leaves dentate. — Species 2. Naturalized in North and South Africa. Ornamental plants ; 3 one species (O. biennis Scop.) has edible roots. (Under Oenothera L.) Onagra Tourn. Seeds ascending, rounded, egg-shaped, with an appendage at the top. Leaves sinuate-dentate or pinnatifid. — Species 2. Naturalized in North and South Africa and some tropical islands. Ornamental plants. © Evening primiosANO.TTLLINEMV .@S0RO . . Oenothera Spach SUBORDER HALORRHAGINEAE FAMILY 183. HALORRHAGACEAE Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves undivided, lobed, or pinnately divided, without stipules. Flowers solitary or in fascicles spikes or panicles, small, regular, 2—4-merous. Petals free or in the female flowers wanting. Stamens I—8. Anthers attached by the base, opening laterally by two longitudinal slits. Ovary inferior, I-celled with a single ovule or with 4 ovules, or 4-celled with one- ovuled cells. Ovules pendulous, inverted. Styles or sessile stigmas 2 or 4. Fruit a nut, drupe, or schizocarp. Seeds albuminous ; embryo straight. — Genera 3, species 15. (Plate 117.) I. Ovary I-celled with a single ovule. Styles or sessile stigmas 2. Sepals 2. Petals 1—2, or more frequently wanting. Stamens I—2. Fruit a drupe. Seed with a very short embryo. Terrestrial plants. Leaves radical, kidney-shaped, crenate. Flowers in spikes or panicles. — Species I. East and South Africa and Madagascar. Used medicinally. [Subfamily GUNNEROIDEAE.| . . . . . . . Gunnera L. Ovary I-celled with 4 ovules, or 4-celled. Styles or sessile stigmas 4. ' Sepals 4, sometimes scarcely perceptible in the female flowers. Petals 4 or in the female flowers absent. Stamens 2—8. Seeds with a long embryo. [SubfamilyPHALORRHAGOIDEAE;)> . balf.-). 9 vine ek ies) 2 2. Ovary I-celled, sometimes incompletely 4-celled. Stamens 4. Fruit one- seeded, dry and indehiscent. Terrestrial plants. Leaves undivided. Flowers in axillary clusters. — Species 9. (Serpicula L.) (Plate 117.) ~ [Tribe HALORRHAGEAE.] .. 2. . . Laurembergia Berg Ovary 4-celled. Fruit 2—¥4-seeded, usually separating into mericarps. Aquatic plants. Leaves usually pinnately divided. Flowers solitary .. and axillary or in terminal spikes. — Species 5. North, South, and Kast Africa and Madagascar. [Tribe MYRIOPHYLLEAE. ] . Myriophyllum L. 490 184. CYNOMORIACEAE — 185. ARALIACEAE SUBORDER CYNOMORIINEAE FAMILY 184. CYNOMORIACEAE Reddish-brown, fleshy herbs, parasitic upon roots. Leaves scale-like. Flowers in terminal spadices, polygamous. Perianth of I--5 narrow seg- ments. Stamen I. Anther versatile, turned inwards, 2-celled. Ovary inferior, r-celled. Ovule 1, pendulous, almost straight. Style simple ; stigma entire, Fruit anut. Seed albuminous ; embryo small, without cotvledons. Genus I, species 1. North Africa. Used medicinally. Cynomorium Mich. ORDER UMBELLIFLORAE FAMILY 185. ARALIACEAE Shrubs or trees. Leaves usually stipulate. Inflorescence composed of umbels, racemes, heads, or spikes. Flowers 4-——16-merous. Calyx entire or shortly toothed, imbricate or open in bud. Petals free, valvate in bud, or united into a cap. Stamens as many as petals or more. Anthers versatile, opening by two longitudinal slits. Ovary inferior or half-inferior, crowned by a disc (stylopod), 2- or more-celled, rarely (Polyscias) 1-celled. Ovules solitary in each cell, pendulous, inverted, with ventral raphe. Fruit indehiscent. Seeds albuminous. — Genera 8, species 75. (Plate 118.) 1. Stem climbing by means of small aerial roots. Leaves entire or lobed, without stipules. Flowers in umbels, 5-merous ; pedicels not jointed. Stamens 5. Ovary 5-celled; style le rt a berry ; endocarp membranous. Seeds with ruminate albumen. — Species 1 (H. Helix L., ivy). North Africa. Used as ornamental and medicinal plants; the fruits are poisonous. . . 3 Pee ee om Stem without adhesive roots. L eaves Haile or digitate, rarely undivided or lobed, but then ovary 2—4-celled and style 2—4-parted. Fruit a drupe or a nut; Bee leathery, crustaceous, cartilaginous, or pony.) Oe), See eg 2 2. Leaves an HALL. or cane Stipules awe me devel- oped. Pedicels not jointed. . . . . Mh - Leaves pinnate. Stipules indistinctly avap or w eit si with uniform albumenp# STE enameld DIMEUR SR OSS PS 3. Ovary 2-, rarely 3—4-celled. Styles short, free or united below. Stylopod convex or conical. Petals 5, free. Stamens 5. FEndocarp crustaceous. Albumen usually ruminate. Flowers in spikes or racemes, rarely in umbels. —- Species 25. Tropical and South Africa. (Including See- mannaralia Viguier). (Plate 118.) TA SUR INe Cussonia Thunb. Ovary 5—1r5-celled. Petals 5—15, usually united in the shape of a cap. Albumen uniform. Flowers in umbels or heads, rarely in racemes. Leaves digitate.. „| 4) Oe erinnere 1 OTS TKE DEN 4. Stamens as many as the palais — Species 13. Tropics. (Including Astropanax Seem., Heptapleurum Gaertn., and Sciadophyllum P. Browne) Schefflera Forst. HALORRHAGACEAE. PLOW. PL. AFR. J. Fleischmann del. Laurembergia repens Berg A Flowering branch. B Male flower cut lengthwise. C Female flower cut lengthwise. D Young fruit. E Young fruit cut length- wise. ARALIACEAE, Pi. 118. LOW. PL. AFR. + I J. Fleischmann del. Cussonia spicata Thunb. B Flower-bud. C Flower-bud cut lengthwise. D Inflorescence. A Leaf. 185. ARALIACEAE — 186. UMBELLIFERAE 401 Stamens twice as many as the petals. Petals 5, cohering in the shape of a cap. Ovary 8—1r0-celled. Flowers in spicately arranged heads. — Species im Seychelles. . . renee. Geopanax Hemsl. 5. Flowers in umbels or racemes with sentinel pedicels, very rarely in spikes or heads. Ovary-cells and styles or style-branches I—10. Stamens as TEE alist RE eee. CG Flowers in umbels; pedicels not jointed. Ovary-cells and styles or . style-branches 1o—15. Leaves unequally pinnate with entire leaflets 7 6. Styles present, usually free and filiform. Seeds smooth or folded on the surface. — Species 30. Tropics. (Including Cuphocarpus Decne. et Planch. and Tieghemopanax Viguier, under Panax L.) Polyscias Forst. Styles absent ; stigmas 2, seated upon the conicalstylopod. Ovary 2-celled. Pericarp with 8 oil-channels. Seeds 4-lobed. Trees. Leaves un- equally pinnate with entire leaflets. Flowers in panicled umbels. — Species 1. Madagascar. (Under Panax L.) . Seiadopanax Seem. 7. Petals free or cohering at the tip. Stamens as many as the petals, I10—15 ; filaments flattened. Styles awl-shaped. Trees. — Species 4. Madagas- car and the neighbouring islands. . ... . . '. Gastonia Comm. Petals united throughout their whole length. Stamens numerous ;_fila- ments awl-shaped. Style none; stigma 2-cleft. Shrubs. — Species I. Seychelles. CIO) 7) yy Wake By mdakıngiarklemsi. FAMILY 186. UMBELLIFERAE Mostly herbs with a jointed stem. Leaves alternate, rarely (Drusa) opposite, usually dissected and with a sheathing stalk. Flowers in umbels or heads, rarely in spikes or in racemed false-whorls, regular or the outermost flowers of the inflorescence somewhat irregular, usually hermaphrodite. Calyx-limb usually faintly developed or wanting. Petals 5, free, usually bent inwards at the tip and therefore apparently notched or 2-lobed, valvate or slightly imbricate in bud. Stamens 5, alternating with the petals. Ovary inferior, 2-celled, rarely one cell only fertile, very rarely ovary 3-celled. Ovules solitary in each cell, pendulous, inverted, with ventral raphe. Styles 2, free, arising from a more or less distinctly 2-lobed disc (stylopod), rarely (Lagoecia) style simple. Fruit dry, usually separating into 2 mericarps attached to the 2-parted, more rarely 2-cleft, simple, or obsolete carpophore. Pericarp ribbed and usually traversed by oil-channels commonly situated in the furrows between the primary ribs which as a rule enclose vascular bundles. Seeds with an adnate testa, a horny albumen, and a small embryo with flat cotyledons. — Genera 92, species 410. (APIACEAE.) (Plate 119.) I. Fruit with a woody rind, without a free carpophore. Oil-channels wanting, more rarely small and situated beneath the primary ribs. Seeds rather flat on the inner face. Petals straight, rarely bent inwards at the point and thread-shaped. Flowers in solitary or fascicled simple umbels or in racemed false-whorls, rarely (Hermas) in compound umbels. Leaves un- divided, lobed, or 3-parted. [Subfamily HYDROCOTYLOIDEAE.) . 2 2C 402 186. UMBELLIFERAE Fruit with a membranous or leathery rind, rarely (tribe Coriandreae) with a woody one, but then oil-channels situated on the inner surface of the mericarps and seeds deeply grooved on this side. Flowers usually in compound dimbels,... . . . alyelinist ME TEE . Fruit much compressed laterally, al a very narrow commissure and a much projecting dorsal angle. Oil-channels very narrow or wanting. Calyx-limb indistinct or shortly toothed. Petals with a ae point. ligbe ALY DROCOTYLEAE JUN HF « 32 SER Fruit compressed from front to back, with a Bread commissure. [Tribe MULINEAT. 1... «05 Te eee . Mericarps with 5 ribs, fa marg et ones contiguous. Flowers herma- phrodite. Petals valvate in bud. Leaves roundish, stipulate. — Species 15. Some are used medicinally. . . . . Hydrocotyle L. Mericarps with 7—g9 ribs connected by a network of veins, the marginal ribs divergent. Flowers polygamous. Petalsimbricate inbud. Leaves exstipulate. — Species 20. Southern and tropical Atrica. Some are used medicinally. (Under Aydrocotvie L.) . . . . Centella L. . Fruit slightly compressed, not winged, with faint ribs. Oil-channels more or less obvious. Calyx-teeth narrow. Petals elliptical or lanceol- ate, with a straight point. Herbs forming cushion-shaped tufts. Leaves 3-cleft or 3-parted, alternate. Flowers in terminal simple umbels. — Species 1. Island of’ Kerguelen. . 9.5. . 4% «, Azorella Daa Fruit much compressed, winged. Oil-channels obscure or absent. Calyx- teeth large or wanting. Leavesundividedorlobed . . . 5 . Wings of the fruit arising from the marginal ribs and covered ath parka prickles. Seeds not furrowed. Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx-lobes wanting. Petals elliptical, with a straight point. Flowers in simple umbels arising at the forks of the stem. Leaves usually opposite, clothed with barbed bristles. — Species 1. Canary Islands. (Under Bowlesta, Ruiz eter Bav.) icy 4% jie Je] + (RUSS Wings of the fruit arising from the a ribs. Fruit netted or wrinkled on the back. Seeds angular-furrowed. Flowers polygamous. Calyx-lobes broad-lanceolate, petal-like in the male flowers. Petals awl-shaped, with the point bent inwards. Flowers in compound umbels. Leaves alternate, tomentose beneath. — RER 5. South Africa (Cape Colony). . Hl a...0,, », Hermasıl: 2.) Styles,2, Sure Be a ring- ba Mich m and rather long, rarely a single style. Fruit covered with scales, prickles, or tubercles. Carpophore adnate or wanting. Oil-channels under the primary ribs, scattered, or wanting (none in the furrows). Calyx-lobes large. Petals with the point bent inwards. Flowers in umbels heads or spikes, which are simple or arranged in heads or cymes. [Subfamily SANICULOID- BAI. sus fr 7 Styles 2, arising on the as ai a more or pe ated digs (str Carpophore usually free. Oil-channels in general only in the furrows Io. KT. IZ. 13. 186. UMBELLIFERAE 403 of the fruit. Flowers nearly always in compound umbels. [Subfamily APIOIDEAE.|]. . . DANCE . Ovary with I perfect and ı ee del tha tadker neh or IE a rudimentary ovule ; in the latter case flowers dioecious and fruit with faint secondary ribs and without oil-channels. Oil-channels indistinct or wanting ; in the former case style single. [Tribe LAGOECIEAE.] 8 Ovary with 2 perfect cells and ovules. Styles 2. Flowers hermaphrodite or monoecious-polygamous. [Tribe SANICULEAE.] . Style ı. Oil-channels present. Flowers hermaphrodite, in simple tülhbels with pinnately divided involucral bracts. Leaves pinnatipartite. — Species 1. North-east Africa (Cyrenaica). . . . . Lagoecia L. Styles 2. Oil-channels absent. Flowers dioecious, in compound umbels or in umbels arranged in heads, with undivided involucral bracts. Leaves lobed. — Species 3. South Africa (Cape Colony). Used medicinally. Arctopus L. . Flowers polygamous, in umbels arranged in cymes. Ovary and fruit clothed with hooked prickles. Fruit more or less globose, without dis- tinct ribs, but with many large and small oil-channels. — Species 2. North and South Africa and mountains of the tropics. Used medicinally. Sanicula L. Flowers hermaphrodite, in heads or spikes. Ovary and fruit clothed with scales or tubercles. Fruit ovoid, with several large and many small oil- channels or without distinct oil-channels. . . . 10 Flowers in few-flowered heads with a 2-ranked ae * Ne Io bracts, without bracteoles beneath the single flowers. Calyx-limb membranous. Fruit with thick and warty primary ribs. Oil-channels indistinct. Leaves undivided. — Species 8. South and Central Africa. Alepidea Laroch. Flowers in many-flowered heads or spikes with an involucre of several or many, usually prickly bracts, and with a bracteole under each flower. Calyx-teeth stiff. Fruit without distinct ribs, scaly. — Species 15. North and Central Africa. Some are used as vegetables or in medicine. Eryngium L. (6.) Secondary ribs between the primary ribs of the fruit distinctly de- veloped, similar to, or larger than the primary ribs, more or less dis- tinctly winged or beset with rows of prickles. . . . . . .-. I Secondary ribs slightly prominent or wanting. . . RUE Secondary ribs, at least some of them, winged Sri ekEnied [Tribe BASBRPTDERAR.FFFIE:. 13 Secondary ribs not distinctly az wilt daset with prickles, more ae with bristles or tubercles. . . . ty (8 Fruit much compressed from front to pacts Sends flat or Here so on the inner face. : [Subtribe THAPSIINAE.] . . I4 Fruit scarcely or not at all compressed, broadly ae PT Oil- channels also under the primary ribs. Seeds See oe on the inner face. [Subtribe ELAEOSELINAE.] . . . SERIEN 404 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 2I. 186. UMBELLIFERAE Secondary ribs with a narrow or indistinct wing. Oil-channels only under the secondary ribs, narrow. Petals white, slightly notched. — Species 3. Cape Verde Islands. Used medicinally. . . . . Tornabenea Parl. Secondary ribs with a broad wing. Petals entire. . . eee Primary ribs very prominent. Oil-channels also under ee ie ribs. Petals white or reddish. — Species 2. Island of Madeira. The roots are edible. (Including Monizia Lowe, under Thapsia L.) Melanoselinum Hoffm. Primary ribs slightly prominent. Oil-channels only under the secondary ribs. Petals yellow. — Species 3. North Africa. Used medicinally. Thapsia L. Fruit with 4 wings, contracted at the commissure. Oil-channels distant. Petals narrow, yellow. — Species 5. North Africa. Used medkinally. Elaeoselinum Koch Fruit with 8 wings and a broad commissure. Oil-channels nearly con- tiguous. Petals broad, white, — earire I. North-west Africa (Algeria). (Under Elaeoselinum Koch) die » hatowd <1) Margotia, Boiss: (12.) Albumen deeply grooved on the inner face of the seeds. [Tribe SCANDICINEAE, subtribe CAUCALINAE.] . . ee. Albumen slightly grooved or flat on the inner face of the Be BE: Albumen rolled in at the edge. Commissure narrowed. Primary ribs prickly. Secondary ribs with 1—3 rows of prickles. Oil-channels obvious. Umbels of 2—6 rays. — Species 5. North Africa and moun- tains of the tropics. Used medicinally. (Including Turgenia Hoffm.) Caucalis L. Albumen flabzat, the edges i» cn leds i> 1 29 Fruit with a broad commissure (plane ® cancion of am ep, De ribs covered with short bristles. Secondary ribs with 2—3 rows of prickles. Oil-channels large. Umbels of 5—8 rays. — Species I. North Alnca..). (Under ‚Dausus-L,) » piconet oplsteiace il Orlaya Hoffm. Fruit with a narrowcommissure. . . . «| 20 Secondary ribs prominent, rounded, warty. Oil- Roe aaa Bie” of many rays. — Species 2. North-west Africa. Ammiopsis Boiss. Secondary ribs scarcely prominent, prickly. Primary ribs ciliate. Oil- channels large. Umbels of 6—12 rays. — Species 9. North and South Africa and mountains of Central Africa. (Under Caucalis L.) Torilis Adans, Fruit somewhat flattened laterally and narrowed at the commissure, Secondary ribs clothed with bristles. Seeds slightly grooved on the inner face. Calyx-teeth long, awl-shaped, unequal. Petals oblong, white or pink. Umbels of 3—5 rays. — Species I (C. Cyminum L.). North Africa, also cultivated in East Africa. The fruits serve as a condiment and a medicament. ous. eh wulıa) + 4.9) »_Suminumds Fruit flattened from front to back. Calyx-teeth short. | [Tribe DA UGB i: liye, ler re ne use calls’ alerts 186. UMBELLIFERAE 405 22. Secondary ribs clothed with white bristles. Primary ribs nearly glabrous. 23. 24. 26. a; 29. Petals white. Umbels opposite to the leaves, with 2—4 rays. — Species 1. North Africa. The fruits serve asa condiment. (Under Daucus L.) Ammodaucus Coss. & Dur. Secondary ribs beset with one row of long prickles. Primary ribs clothed with short bristles. — Species 20. North Africa to Abyssinia ; one species naturalized in Tropical and South Africa. Some species (especi- ally D. Carota L., carrot) yield vegetables, gum-resin, and medicaments. Daucus L. (II.) Seeds very concave or marked with a canis furrow on the inner hace: U, u, ee | Seeds flat, ek concave, or ae convex on he inner N De. 44, Flowers polygamous, the sessile hermaphrodite ones surrounded each by several stalked males. Petals white. Style long. Fruit nearly always one-seeded. Ribs indistinct. Albumen rolled in at the edge. [Tribe BEHINOPHORFAR] . 2°" ie ee Flowers of the primary mabe meh) but rin arranged, or hermaphrodite. Fruit nearly always 2-seeded. . . . 26 . Ovary of the hermaphrodite flower adnate to the pedicels of the as which subsequently form a woody cup around the fruit. Oil-channels solitary in each furrow. — Species r. North Africa. The root is edible. Echinophora L. Ovary of the hermaphrodite flower not adnate to the pedicels of the male ; no cup around the fruit. Oil-channels 2—3 in each furrow. — Species I. Abyssinia. . . ; 4: Pyenoeyela Lindl. Leaves undivided, Aue: Gays Kee koothenl Petals yellow or yellowish- green. Fruit laterally compressed. — Species 25. North and South Africa. Some are used medicinally. . . . . Bupleurum Tourn. Leaves, at least the lower ones, dissected. . . Ben N, 27 Fruit linear or da [Tribe SCANDICINEAE, subtribe SCANDI- CINAE.| : : : SAD Me ool), San >28 Fruit ovoid, oe or Bieibboge sh Ae hacen 0 Fruit beaked. Oijl-channels very narrow, aeanila in re furows and under the primary ribs. .°.*. 2 : 29 Fruit not beaked. Oil-channels et tread Bee Bette Kesıs ane notched at the tip. 1. 2.2”. Pees ST Fruit with a long beak. Ribs obtuse. Chiys Mr (aathed: Petals entire and not or shortly bent inwards at the tip. Umbels of few rays. — Species 3. North Africa. Used medicinally... . . . Seandix L. Fruit witha short beak. . . . £ „30 . Fruit cylindrical, broadened at the pide wit hott Hine in ithe raves part. Calyx not toothed. Petals narrow, entire and not or shortly bent inwards at the tip. — Species 3. North and East Africa. One of them, the chervil (A. Cerefolium Hoffm.) is grown as a pot-herb and also used medienallys 4 5). 2 +. 3 2 3 + #°"Anthriseus’ Holim. 406 186. UMBELLIFERAE Fruit oblong, hispid, with broad and obtuse ribs. Calyx toothed. Petals broad, bent inwards and notched at the tip. Involucral bracts numerous. — Species 2. North-west Africa. (Under Athamantha L.) Tinguarra Parl. 34. Fruit without distinct ribs, oblong, somewhat flattened from front to back, clothed with long hairs. Oil-channels solitary in the furrows, narrow ; besides two larger ones at the commissure. Calyx-teeth awl-shaped. Petals minute, white. — Species 1. North-west Africa. (Under Cewcais 1.) . - . . . Chaetosciadium Boiss. Fruit with distinct ribs. ‘Calegie dert rabid rene 32: 32. Fruit with thread- or keel-shaped ribs. Oil-channels fia or rabies Pr Root tuberous. . 0) 8 ay he ER FE Fruit with broad and steilen ol Ep od ribs. Oil-channels large,,. solitary in the furrows. Root not tuberous. . . Se 33. Leaf-segments linear. Umbels of 10—20 rays. Iderläige redneedl toa single bract or wanting. Involucels of many bractlets. Oil-channels numerous. — Species I. North-west Africa. (Geocaryum Coss. et Dur., under Chaerophyllum L.) . .« . . . Conopodium Koch Leaf-segments lanceolate or ovate. Umbels of 5—10 rays. Involucre and involucels of 1—4 bracts. — Species I. North-west Africa. (In- cluding Balansaea Boiss. et Reut., under Chaerophyllum L. or Bunium Kochieow oo. . . . . Biasolettia Koch 34. Fruit conical, clothed with iss or shin prickles. Umbels few-flowered. — Species I. North-west Africa. (Under Chaerophyllum L.) Physocaulis Tausch. Fruit cylindrical, glabrous. — Species 3. North Africa. One species is poisonous. . . At Chaerophyllum L. 35. (27.) Pericarp RER Ribs slekkiy pratednelay or obscure. Oil-channels only at the commissure. [Tribe CORIANDREAEF,] .. . 36 Pericarp not woody. Oil-channels also on the back of the fruit, or all indistinet; [Tribe :SMYRNIEAE] - 4.2... > 3 Be. ; 36. Fruit biglobose, much broader than long, BESTEN en ätetin ribs. Commissure small, perforated. Mericarps separating when ripe. . Calyx not toothed. -— Species 2. North Africa. The fruits serve as a con- diment. st fun.» Bifora Hoffm. Fruit a or hl Art urdandet than tons, with wavy ribs. Commissure large, not perforated. Mericarps not separating. Calyx toothed. — Species I (C. sativum L.). North Africa, also cultivated and natural- ized in Central Africa. The fruits are used as a condiment and for pre- paring an aromatic oil. . . . . . . Coriandrum L. 37. Pericarp much thickened: corky, spongy, or ‘lier Ribs broad, more or less roll-shaped, sometimes confluent. . . . “vee oe Pericarp not much thickened. Ribs narrow, Bad, a sometimes obscure. Fruit laterally compressed, with a narrow commissure, more ordessihiulgliose.. se.) os ee er a een eee 38. 39. 40. Al. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 186. UMBELLIFERAE 407 Ribs of the fruit confluent ; furrows hardly perceptible. Fruit ovoid, glabrous or hairy. Oil-channels numerous. Albumen rolled inwards. Calyx not toothed. Petals yellow. Leaf-segments linear. — Species 3. Pomiewesnusuerioin |. i. “emo so. Cachrys L. Ribs of the fruit separated ; furrows distinctly visible. Calyx toothed. 39 Ribs of the fruit broad and rounded, roll-shaped ; furrows very narrow, each with several oil-channels. Fruit slightly or not compressed, hairy. Albumen curved. Petals white. Leaf-segments broad. — Species 2. North-west Africa. . . 4) i da Mmacvdaris. Koch Ribs of the fruit slender, more or less He shaped ; furrows not very narrow. Albumen rolledinwards. Leaf-segmentsnarrow . . . 40 Fruit covered with blisters, broad-cordate, laterally much compressed. Oil- channels I—3 to each furrow. Seeds loosely enclosed by the pericarp. Petals white. Leaf-segments oblong. — Species I. East Africa. Trachydium Link Fruit smooth or covered with tubercles or hairs. Oil-channels numerous. Petals yellow. Leaf-segments linear. — Species 3. North-west Africa. Used medicinally. Tate .. . . Hippomarathrum Lindl. Oil-channels replaced by a lies oil-layer. Fruit ovoid. Pericarp thick. Ribs thick, wavy or crenate. Albumen curved. Calyx not toothed. Petals white, shortly inflexed. — Species 2. North Africa, Abyssinia, and South Africa. Poisonous and used medicinally. ““ Hem- Mae 70 0%. RT oR eR Pe AS Genin, Oil-channels ne Fruit cordate. Pericarp thin. Ribs thin. Petalslonginflexed. . . . WAZ Oil-channels solitary in the ae Alkranses re rae toothed. Petals white. — Species I. North Africa. Physospermum Cuss. Oil-channels 2 or more in each furrow. Root tuberous. . . By ai NAF Oil-channels 2—3 in each furrow. Albumen curved. Calyx ae toothed. Petals white. Involucre wanting. — Species 1. North-east Africa (Cyrenaica). (Under Conopodium Koch). . . . .Sealigeria DC. Oil-channels numerous. Albumen rolled inwards. Petals yellow. — Species 2. North Africa. They yield vegetables and medicaments. Smyrnium L. (23.) Marginal ribs of the mericarps much more prominent than the dorsal and more or less distinctly winged. Mericarps and seeds much com- pressed from front to back. [Tribe PEUCEDANEAE.]. . . . 45 Marginal ribs of the mericarps similar to the dorsal. Mericarps and seeds slightly or not compressed. [Tribe AMMINEAE.] . . . . . 57 Nerves (vascular bundles) of the marginal ribs next to the edge of the mericarps, distant from the seed. . . . Ne a Ra Nerves of the marginal ribs situated at their Bi near the hadi ge Marginal wings of the mericarps much thickened at theedge. . . . 47 Marginal wings of the mericarps slightly or not thickened at the edge or Homeismmetly developed... CP BUS SL aes Oe HO IST SO 408 47. 45. 49. 50. 51. Un DL 186. UMBELLIFERAE Mericarps without dorsal ribs. Oil-channels only in the marginal ribs. Petals white. — Species I. South Africa. (Pappea Sond. & Harv.) Choritaenia Benth. & Hook. Mericarps with filiform dorsal ribs. Oil-channels also on the back of the Mmericagps vi ee. . 2) 06.) Sete ioe See Thickened margin of the mericarps gibbous. Oil-channels very thin. Calyx toothed. Petals white, 2-cleft. — Species 2. North Africa. They yield vegetables and medicaments. NEN Oras Thickened margin of the mericarps slightly uneven. Oil-channels dis- iii hin as cl a Ge Marginal wings of the mericarps traversed lengthwise by a broad oil- channel. Petals yellow, turned or rolled inwards at the top. — Species 7. East and North Africa. EHER SER 0 - Malabaila Hoffm. Marginal wings of the mericarps not traversed by an oil-channel. Petals white, hairy. — Species 1. North-east Africa (Egypt). . (Under Herac- VI Tes) EEE Ef; Oil-channels not extending to the base of the mericarps, usually ending at the middle in a club-shaped swelling, solitary in the furrows. Dorsal ribs slightly prominent. Marginal wings membranous. Calyx toothed. Petals deeply emarginate, usually white. Involucels of many bractlets. — Species 2. North Africa and Abyssinia. They yield edible roots, fodder,and medicaments. . . «| „niet“ 2) 92). (TORReIe Oil-channels, at least some of them, extending to the base of the fruit. Calyx rarely toothed. Petals slightly or not emarginate, yellow greenish Orrecedeh, un sn... Oe) SEO IR ROQE OT E Leaves once pinnatisect. Flowers mostly hermaphrodite, only those of the uppermost lateral umbels male. Petals broad, much rolled in. Marginal wings of the mericarps membranous. Oil-channels solitary in the furrows, rarely in pairs. — Species 2. One growing wild in South Africa, the other cultivated in North Africa. Root edible. “ Parsnip.” (Under Peucedanum L.) oe ke gees ene | 5 ee Leaves repeatedly pinnatisect. Flowers polygamous, those of the lateral umbels male. Petals narrow, shortly bent inwards. Disc broad. Marginal wings of the mericarps thickish or indistinct. — Species fo. North and East Africa. Several species yield a gum-resin (African ammoniacum) used industrially and medicinally, others serve as veget- ables'or as ornamental plants. . . . « » . +», SOeuaeuee . (45.) Dorsal ribs of the mericarps very prominent. Marginal ribs more or less thickened. Oil-channels solitary in each rib and solitary or wanting in the furrows. Umbels opposite to the leaves, of few rays. Petals white. — Species 4. North and South Africa. Some have edible roots. (Krubera Hoffm., including Sclerosciadium Koch). Capnophyllum Gaertn. Dorsal ribs of the mericarps slightly prominent, more or less filiform. . 53 53: 54. 55: 56. 37- 58. 59: 60. ©1. 186. UMBELLIFERAE 409 Marginal ribs of the mericarps thickened, corky. Oil-channels solitary in the furrows. Calyx toothed. . . . Bi ES Marginal ribs of the mericarps not thickened, sehr nic a Petals yellow. Leaf-segments broad. — Species 1. Canary Islands. Astydamia DC. Petals white. Leaf-segments narrow.— Species 1. Egypt. Duerosia Boiss. Oil-channels numerous. Marginal wings thick. Disc broad. Petals yellow, not or shortly bent inwards. Flowers polygamous, in the lateral umbels male. — Species 1. North Africa. (Under Ferula L.) Ferulago Koch Oil-channels I—3 in each furrow. Petals much bent or rolled inwards. Flowers mostly hermaphrodite, only those of the a lateral umbels sometimes male. . . . Series +56 Fruit moderately compressed, with a narrow nl wing. Oil-channels solitary in the furrows. Calyx not toothed. Petals broad and rolled inwards at the tip, vellow. Umbels without an involucre. — Species I. (A. graveolens L., dill). North Africa, also cultivated and naturalized in Central and South Africa. Used as a pot-herb. (Under Peucedanum Baker} . . . Anethum Tourn. Fruit much ah Arch a Enke ak broad marginal wing. Petals narrowed and much bent inwards at the tip. — Species 50. Some of them have edible roots or are used in medicine. (Including Bubon L., Imperatoria Tourn., and Lefeburia A. Rich) . . . Peucedanum L. (44.) Fruit compressed from front to back or not compressed ; com- missure (plane of junction of the mericarps) broad. Ribs usually prominent : wing-like, keeled, or broad, more rarely filiform. [Subtribe ae] Bear Gi). So, Cal MR. m ttle s. Krebs Fruit compressed laterally; commissure more or less narrowed. Ribs usually slender, filiform, ne keel- or wing-like. [Subtribe CARINAE.| . . Eu Ded Be N tg) 5 Ribs of the fruit very Sröhident: Keil: or BEER 0% BT re Fe 3 Ribs of the fruit slightly ale ai filter Of DEOAA: ST 2), sehen, {PLO Ribsrwine-like. 5°... PEACE RER: - 89-0 lee rake, CO Ribs keel- orridge-like. . . . . : 62 Oil-channels numerous. Leaves 2—5 thes res see — SilectiS 1. North Africa. “Lovage.” (Under Meum Jacq.) Ligustieum L. Oil-channels solitary in the furrows. . . RER VAN OF Marginal wings of the fruit thin. Dorsal wings either ur or partly wing-like, partly filiform. Mericarps usually unequal. Calyx toothed. — Species 10. South Africa. Some of them have edible roots. (In- cluding Stenosemis E. Mey.) (Plate 119.) Annesorrhiza Cham. & Schlechtd. Marginal wings of the fruit thick. All wings equal, membranous or spongy. Mericarps equal. Leaves 2—3 times pinnately dissected. — Species 2. South Africa. (Under Selinum L.) . . . . « . Cnidium Cuss. 410 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 186. UMBELLIFERAE Oil-channels numerous, crowded around the seed. Pericarp thickened, spongy. Fruit egg-shaped. Calyx toothed. Petals narrowed and rolled in at the tip, white. Undershrubs. Leaves fleshy, with narrow segments. Involucre and involucels of many bracts. — Species I. North Africa. Used as a pot-herb. “ Samphire.” Crithmum Tourn. Oil-channels solitary in the furrows, rarely (Seselt) accompanied by a second channel in each furrow oroneundereachrib. . . . . . . . 63 Calyx toothed. Petals white orreddish. Involucelpresent . . . 64 Calyxmot toothed.!'. .„ ER ACERS me RUE Fe Stem woody, shrubby. Petals elliptical, entire, with an inflexed point. Fruit oblong, not compressed, glabrous. Disc depressed. Leaves once or twice dissected. — Species 2. South Africa. Polemannia Eckl. & Zeyh. Siem'herbaceots..- A EEE oe Patera. keene) at Petals lanceolate or elliptical. Disc biglobose. Fruit narrowly bottle- shaped, compressed from front to back, hairy. Involucre present. Leaves thrice dissected. — Species 2. Canary Islands. Todaroa Parl. Petals broad-cordate. Disc conical or flattened. Fruit oblong or oval. 66 Seeds concave on the inner face. Fruit cylindrical, with warty or bristly ribs. Oil-channels solitary in the furrows. Disc conical. Styles long, with broad stigmas. Flowers hispid. Involucre present. Leaves. twice a, with broad Ba segments. — Species 3. Central linge: 2... 2 . . . Physotriehia Hiern Seeds flat on the inner ee N asa yas repeatedly pinnatisect and with narrow segments. — Species 7. North and South Africa. Some are used in medicine. (Including Libanotis Crantz) . . Seseli L. Involucels and involucre wanting. Petals yellow. Disc conical. Pericarp- not essentially thickened. Leaves with linear segments. — Species 2. North Africa and Abyssinia, one species also naturalized in other regions. They yield vegetables, condiments, perfumes, and medicaments, and serve also as ornamental plants. “Fennel”. . . Foeniculum L. Involucels of a few bracts. Petals white or greenish-white. Pericarp. thickened. Leaves with oblong, lanceolate, or elliptical segments. . 68 Involucre of a few bracts. Petals oblong, greenish-white. Disc conical. Fruit oblong; furrows narrow. — Species I. Madagascar. Used medicinally, . . . . 5 Worum sett bt ven PHellolanhiune: Involucre absent. Petals obovate, white. Disc flattened. Fruit ovoid ; furrows broads — Species I. North-west Africa. Poisonous and used medicinally. “ Fools parsley.” . . oe wok ht OURS SEE (58.) Ribs of the fruit broad and ara Carpophore none. Oil- channels solitary in the furrows. Calyx-teeth large. Petals obovate, white. Involucels of many bracts. — Species 10. North and South Africa. Some are poisonous or userd in medicine. . . Oenanthe L. Ribs of the fruit slender, filiform. Carpophore present... . . . . 70 70. ZU: 72. 74. 75: 76. 77: 78. 186. UMBELLIFERAE 4II Oil-channels numerous, scattered. Fruit linear-oblong. Pericarp not considerably thickened. Seeds somewhat grooved on the inner face. Calyx-teeth short. Petals yellow. Involucre and involucels of many bracts. Leaves with broad segments. — Species I. North Africa. (Brignolia Bertol.) . . . . . . Kundmannia Scop. Oil-channels solitary in the sie: more rarely accompanied by a second in each furrow or one under each rib. Petals whiteorreddish. . . 71 Seeds flat on the inner face. Calyx toothed. Petals broad-cordate. Maeeiaapressed..,, (See 66.)..;. hina ifen celle Tabea: siey.-\. Seseli. L. Seeds grooved on the inner face. Fruit oblong, hairy. Disc conical. In- volucre present. Leaves thrice dissected. BR Pont lux 11-72 Oil-channels in the furrows and under the ribs of the Bike Seeds with a keel in the middle of the groove on the inner face. Calyx toothed. — Species 4. North Africa. Used medicinally. . . Athamanta L. Oil-channels only in the furrows. Calyx not toothed. Rays of the umbels thickened. — Species 2. East Africa. rg Diplolophium Turcz. . (57.) Leaves undivided, entire, rarely (Heteromorpha) toothed to dissected, and then some ribs of the fruit wing-like. . . . an JA Leaves, at least some of them, toothed to dissected. Ribs of on fruit filiform, rarely keeled but not wing-like. . . . ait = 7 Flowers in heads. Calyx toothed. Petals greenish- tary Gasnnahors none; mericarps closely cohering. Ribs thickened, corky. Oil- channels solitary in each furrow, faint or obscure. — Species 2. North- West, ALICE. fe.) 5: . . . Hohenackeria Fisch. & Mey. Flowers in compound REN Petals BAR or yellowish-green. Car- pophore free,,...,. |. ; tar ING „75 Calyx toothed. Mericarps Be one 2- RER dhe other 3-winged. Oil-channels solitary in the furrows. Shrubs or trees. — Species 3. Central and South Africa. (Zranchetella O. Ktze.). Heteromorpha Cham. et Schlechtd. Calyx not toothed. Mericarps and ribs equal. . . . As Helps, 76 Petals much inflexed and 2-lobed at the tip. Disc conical, enue Fruit oblong, with thick and very prominent ribs. Oil-channels solitary in each furrow. Undershrubs. Leaves stalked, cordate-orbicular, leathery. Umbels of few rays, involucrate. — Species r. Island of Socotra. Nirarathamnus Balf. Petals rolled in and entire or slightly notched at the tip. Disc flat, entire. Leaves usually sessile. (See 26.) . . . . . Bupleurum Tourn. Oil-channels solitary under each rib, none in the furrows. Calyx toothed. Petals white, withalonginflexed point. Involucre and involucels of many bracts. — Species 7. South Africa. Lichtensteinia Cham. & Schlechtd. Oil -channels in the furrows, sometimes also under theribs. . . . . 78 Fruit linear or oblong, at least twice as long as broad. Ribs slender. Bas whiten reddish.” 3 Ss cals PRA War. don. its 79 Brgeevoind,zloboseor, biclobose. ,/\./ .... lan hoyien Wied Ate 83 412 79- 8o. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 186. UMBELLIFERAE Fruit linear or linear-oblong. Oil-channels solitary in the furrows. Disc broadened at the base, with a wavy margin. Calyx-teeth distinctly ' developed. Petals white, 3—5-nerved, notched. Involucre and in- volucels present. — Species 1. North Africa. Used medicinally. ; Falearia Host. Fruit oblong. Calyx-teeth minute or wanting. . . ‚1158 Mericarps with 5 ribs at the back and near the margin and 2 Snialler ones on the inner face. Oil-channels solitary in the furrows and under the ribs, very narrow. Disc reduced to a swelling of the base of the styles. Umbels panicled. Involucre wanting. Involucels of few bracts. — Species 1. West Africa (Cameroons). (Lereschia Boiss., under AnthriscusL.) . . . .. . 20... Cryptotaenia DC. Mericarps with 5 ribs only. Oil- eharitieté only in the furrows. Disc broadened at the base, with a wavy margin. Umbels terminal and aber eR zijn) I A Se REED NT Involucre of many large dissected bracts. Petals une 2-lobed. Oil-channels solitary in the furrows. — Species 5. North and Central Africa. Used medicinally ; one species has edible roots. . Ammil. -Involucre of usually few entire bracts or wanting. Petals equally notched. : . : ; CONSE N Root-stock tuberous. Oil- nahe I—3 in eat. fant Embryo with a single cotyledon. — Species 6. North Africa. The tubers are edible. (Including Diaphycarpus Calestani, partly under Carum L.) Bunium L. Root-stock not tuberous. Oil-channels solitary in each furrow. Embryo with 2 cotyledons. — Species 7. North Africa, Abyssinia, Madagascar, ‘ and South Africa; one species (C. Carvi L., caraway) also cultivated elsewhere. The fruits of this species are used as a condiment and for preparing an aromatic oil’; eaten in large quantities they are poisonous. Other species yield edible roots or medicaments. (Including Selinopsis Coss/et ‘Dur., partly under Bunium L.) . . .:. « . Cana Oil-channels numerous, narrow. Ribs filiform. Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves dissected or the lowerlobed.. . . . SA Oil-channels solitary in each furrow, rarely (Rewiibavbus) 3, Hapue but then shrubs and upper leaves undivided. NIIDER TUE NE Calyx toothed. Petals white. Tnveliere and in Fbhekis large, persistent. — Species 7. Central and South Africa and Egypt. Some are used as vegetables. (Including Berula Koch). . . OO SS Calyx not toothed. Involucre and involucels Hey wanting. — Species 25. The fruits of P. aniswm L., anise, serve as a condiment; other species are used in medicine. (Including Reutera Boiss.) Pimpinella L. Pericarp densely bristly or warty. Ribsfiliform.. . . . . . . 86 Penicarp smooth’ or wrinkled not hairy eh) 9} fi OR Calyx toothed. Petals deeply notched, white. Fruit tubercled upon the ribs, not hairy. Herbs. Leaves twice or thrice pinnately dissected with very narrow segments. —- Species 7. South and North Africa and 87. 88. 89. go. 91. 92. 95- 186. UMBELLIFERAE 413 Island of Socotra ; one species also naturalized in the Mascarene Islands. Some species yield condiments. (Tragiopsis Pomel, under Carum L. BIePiwenDis IL.) cat's), sata: asia rachypermum Link Calyx entire. Petals not notched, white or greenish. Undershrubs. Radical leaves once or twice pinnately dissected, cauline reduced to the sheath. Umbels of few rays. — Species 10. North and South Africa. (Deverra DC.) FR aie ose Gs Piiuranthos Viv. Carpophore entire or shortly cleft at ei top. Ribs very prominent. Oil- channels large. Calyx not or obscurely toothed. Petals greenish- white, straight or shortly inflexed at the tip. Involucre of 1—3 bracts or wanting. — Species 7. One of them (A. graveolens L., celery) is used as a pot-herb, as a salad, or in medicine. (Including Helosciadium Kochy\. .. rere) Cag! ae Carpophore split on to ine achte or hevonet Wee ee 2.08 Oil-channels extending down to the middle of the fruit and boy. there in a club-shaped swelling. Calyx entire. Petals white, broadly in- flexed and deeply notched at the tip. Leaves with broad segments. — Species 1. North Africa. Used mediemally. .". . i) Sison L. Oil-channels extending down to the base of the fruit. Calyx toothed, more rarely entire, but then petals yellow and not notched. . . . 89 Calyx not or obscurely toothed. Petals yellow, yellowish-green, or some- Mart Teco much intlexed at Ulett. Pie ieee sy. «OO Mays dıstneilyitoothed. © "S48 vets WOE Ribs of the fruit prominent, filiform. Oil RE and ee 2—3 times pinnately dissected. — Species 2. North Africa ; also naturalized in tropical and South Africa. One species (P. sativum Hoffm., parsley) is used as a pot-herb. (Under Apium L. or Carum L.). Petroselinum Hoffm. Ribs of the fruit scarcely prominent or indistinct. Oil-channels narrow. Leaves 4-times pinnately dissected. — Species 1. North Africa and Abyssinia. (Under Carum L.) LD eB CRAB, Ridolfia Moris. Ribs of the fruit very prominent. Oil-channels narrow. Petals shortly inflexed at the tip, white or greenish. Umbels involucrate. — Species 3. South Africa, St. Helena, and Canary Islands. One species is used for preparing an intoxicating drink. (Glia Sond., under Lichtensteinia Cham c& Schiechta& je 16 2 181,32 . . Ruthea Bolle Ribs of the fruit slightly dent, Petals aah inflexed at the tip, rarely shortly inflexed, but then red. . . . 2.2.09 Mericarp with 9 faint ribs. Petals dark-red, ne Bor inflexed at the tip. — Species 1. Madagascar. . . . . . Anisopoda Bak. Mericarps with 5 filiform ribs. Petals white or ER much inflexed athe TID, yan . te ‘ ; u, ea Petals white, Be ae a an bc cm an a transverse fold beneath the notch. Herbs. Umbels without an involucre. — 414 186. UMBELLIFERAE — 187. CORNACEAE — 188, CLETHRACEAE Species 4. North and South Africa. (Under Carum L., Petroselinum Hoffm., or Seseli L.) Pe BOY OD a Ptychotis Koch Petals yellow, entire. Undershrubs or shrubs. — Species 3. South Africa (Cape Colony). . . . . . . .' . ‘Ritytlearpas*Sond FAMILY 187. CORNACEAE Shrubs or trees. Leaves undivided, without stipules. Flowers regular. Calyx entire or toothed. Petals 4-5, free or cohering at the base. Stamens as many as the petals. Ovary inferior, 2—4-celled, with 1 pendulous ovule in each cell. Fruit a drupe. Seeds albuminous; embryo long. — Genera 4, species 6. Tropical and South Africa. 1. Ovary 4-celled. Micropyle turned outwards. Style simple; stigma 4-parted. Anthers oval. Petals broad. Flowers 4-merous, herma- phrodite, in cymose panicles. Leaves opposite, toothed. — Species I. South Africa. Yields timber. [Subfamily CURTISIOIDEAE. | Curtisia Ait. Ovary 2—3-celled. Micropyle turned inwards. Style and stigma simple, or styles 2—3. Flowers 4-merous, but unisexual, or 5-merous. [Sub- family CORNOIDEAE. | op Sel oie ul Coan cis eee 2 2. Petals imbricate in bud. Filaments short, thread-shaped. Flowers hermaphrodite, 5-merous, in racemes sometimes arranged in panicles. — Species 3. Madagascar. [Tribe GRISELINIEAE.] Melanophylla Bak. Petals valvate in bud. Flowers unisexual, 4-merous. [Tribe CORN- EAE. ] eee, ee ee, ee 3 3. Style simple. Filaments thread-shaped. Anthers ovate. Petals ovate. Fruit with a 2-celled stone. Flowers in umbel-like cymes. Leaves opposite. — Species I. Equatorial East Africa (Kilimandjaro). Cornus L. Styles or sessile stigmas 2. Filaments very short, rather thick. Anthers oblong. Petals oblong. Fruit with two t-celled stones. Flowers in panicles. Leaves alternate. — Species 1. Madagascar. — Kaliphora Hook. fil. SUBCLASS METACHLAMYDEAE (SYMPETALAE) ORDER ERICALES FAMILY 188, CLETHRACEAE Low trees. Leaves alternate, undivided. Flowers in terminal racemes or panicles, without bracteoles, regular, hermaphrodite. Calyx 5-parted, im- bricate in bud, persistent. Petals 5, free, hypogynous, deciduous. Stamens 10, hypogynous. Anthers turned inwards, shortly beaked at the base, opening by PLOW. PL. AFR. Om pi ML) oe 4 i SE a Kee J. Fleischmann del. ALeaf. B Inflorescence. UMBELLIFERAE, Annesorrhiza capensis Cham. & Schlechtd. Pb. IIg. C Flower cut lengthwise. D Petal. E Group of fruits. F Fruit. G Cross-section of a mericarp. ERICACEAE. FLOW. PL. AFR. Pl. 120, J. Fleischmann del. Philippia Chamissonis Klotzsch A Flowering branch. B Flower cut lengthwise. C Anther. D Fruit. E Fruit cut across. F Seed. 188. CLETHRACEAE — I89. ERICACEAE 415 two short slits at the top ; pollen-grains separate. Disc none. Ovary superior, 3-celled. Ovules numerous, axile, inverted. Style 3-cleft at the top. Fruit a loculicidal capsule. Seeds with a lax testa, a fleshy albumen, and a short embryo. (Under ERICACEAE.) Genus I, species I. Island of Madeira. Yields wood especially used for making walking-sticks, and serves as an ornamental plant. Clethra L. FAMILY 189. ERICACEAE Undershrubs, shrubs, or trees. Leaves undivided, usually narrow. Flowers solitary or in umbels racemes or panicles, regular or nearly so, hermaphrodite. Calyx 4—5-cleft or -parted, persistent. Petals united below, with imbricate or contorted aestivation. Stamens 3—15, usually twice as many as the petals, free from the corolla or almost so, rarely (Ficalhoa) distinctly inserted on the corolla- tube. Anthers turned inwards, usually opening towards the top; pollen- grains united in groups of four. Disc more or less distinctly developed. Ovary usually superior, I—5-celled. Ovules axile or solitary, inverted or almost so. Style simple. Seeds with copious albumen. — Genera 17, species 720. (In- cluding VACCINIACEAE.) (Plate 120.) I. Ovary inferior, adnate to the calyx-tube. Corolla deciduous. Stamens 8—1o0. Fruit a many-seeded berry. — Species 8. Azores, Madeira, East Africa to Transvaal, and Madagascar. Some have edible fruits. [Subfamily VACCINIOIDEAE, tribe VACCINIEAE.] Vaccinium L. Ovary superior, free from the calyx, but sometimes (Salaxis) adnate to the Eorolla-tuberaläthebaser rt. DA (PY ates eda el ay) pel 4k 2. Flowers 5-merous, rarely 6-merous. Corolla deciduous. Stamens IO-—I5 inserted at the base of the corolla. Ovules numerous in each ovary- cell. Fruit a capsule without a persistent central column, or a berry. Trees or tall shrubs. Leaves alternate or subopposite, oblong or lanceol- ate. Flowers in racemes or panicles. [Subfamily ARBUTOIDEAE.| 3 Flowers 4-merous, rarely 2—3-merous, very rarely (Erica) 5-merous, but then low shrubs with fascicled flowers. Corolla usually persistent. Stamens 3—8, rarely 10o—12. Fruit a capsule, usually with a persistent central column, or an achene. Undershrubs or mostly low shrubs, very Karel. teCess Wier! |’ 5 3. Anthers attached below vee apex, prov sted Sit bah spur- ne nee Filaments broadened at the base. Disc distinctly developed. Ovules axile. Fruit a mealy berry with a warty skin. — Species 2. North Africa. They yield tanning materials, medicaments, and edible fruits, and serve as ornamental plants. ‘ Strawberry-tree.’’ [Tribe ARBUT- AS FEO .. Arbutus L. Anthers attached bie a es warehene ae Disc indistinct. Ovules subbasal. Fruit a loculicidal capsule. [Tribe ANDROMED- 416 189. ERICACEAE 4. Corolla shortly urn-shaped, deeply 5-lobed. Stamens 15, in groups of three, inserted in the corolla-tube. Filaments glabrous. Stigma finally 5-parted. Seeds ovoid. Trees. Leaves serrate. — Species 1. Southern West Africa (Angola). . . Lu), Ficalhoa Hiern Corolla tubular or funnel-shaped, 5—6- WSbahbd: Stamens 10—12, inserted singly at the base of the corolla-tube. Filaments hairy. Stigma entire. Seeds oblong. Leaves entire. — Species 7. Tropics. Some of them are poisonous or yield wood and medicaments. . . . Agauria DC. 5. Fruit dehiscing septicidally, many-seeded. Corolla shortly toothed, deciduous. Stamens 8. Anthers longer than the filaments, without appendages, opening by terminal pores. Ovary-cells many-ovuled. Small shrubs. Leaves alternate, elliptical. Flowers in terminal racemes. — Species I. Azores. Used as an ornamental plant. [Sub- family RHODODENDROIDEAE, tribe PHYLLODOCEAE. | Daboecia Don Fruit dehiscing loculicidally or indehiscent, rarely septicidal, but then few- seeded and enveloped by the persistent corolla. Corolla usually per- sistent after the time of flowering. Leaves usually whorled and linear. (Subfamily ERICOIDEAE. | His Sue DNB 6. Ovary with a single ovule in each cell, a, ih ee ov ail, but then 1—2-celled.. [Tribe SALAXIDEAE. }. YET SST ee Ovary with 2 or more ovules in each of its 3—8 cells. [Tribe ERICEAE.] 12 7. Stigma large, cupular or discoid. Bracteoles rudimentary or wanting. Corolla-lobes 4 . . AP GIO VALS SIN, vc GUS Pe Stigma small, capitate or RN fans and bracteoles usually 3. . IO 8. Style short, included in the corolla-tube. Stamens 6—8. Calyx unequally 4-cleft or 4-parted. — Species 15. South Africa. (Including Coc- cosperma Klotzsch, Lagenocarpus Klotzsch, and Lepterica N. E. Brown). Salaxis Salisb. Style long, exserted. Stamens 3—-5. Calyx 3—4-toothed or -cleft. . 9 9. Anthers much exserted. Calyx 4-toothed. Bract 1. — Species 1. South Africa. (Under Syndesmanthus Klotzsch). . Codonostigma Klotzsch Anthers included or slightly exserted. Bracts none. — Species 20. South Africa. (Including Covlostigma Klotzsch). . . Seyphogyne Brongn. 10. Corolla 2-lobed. Calyx 2-lobed or 4-toothed. Stamens 4. — Species 9. South Africa. (Including Aniserica N. E. Brown) Sympieza Lichtenst. Corolla 4-lobed. Calyx 4-toothed to 4-parted. DIS QRC |G Alone eee 11, Calyx shortly toothed, usually thickened. Stamens 3—4. Ovary I—2- celled. — Species 50. South Africa. (Including Anomalanthus Klotzsch and Syndesmanthus Klotzsch) . . Simochilus Hook. & Benth. Calyx divided to the middle or beyond. Stamens. 4—8. — Species 40. South Africa. (Including Acrostemon Klotzsch, Eremiopsis N. E. Brown, Grisebachia Klotzsch, Hexastemon Klotzsch, Platycalyx N. E. Brown, Thamnus Klotzsch, and Thoracosperma Klotzsch). . Eremia Don 189. ERICACEAE — 190. MYRSINACEAF 417 12. (6.) Stamens 4: “Fruit few-seeded, loculicidal. .” . :. 2... 13 -* Stamens 8, very rarely 6,7,10,0r12. . . Wr u ke 13. Calyx-lobes unequal, one of them somewhat latger than’ the others! Disc distinctly developed. Bracts and bracteoles none. — Species 6. Tropi- ear’ ana South Africa.) ."". : sree Ericinella Klotzsch Calyx-lobes equal. Disc Hide. Biäctg and bracteoles 3. — Species #30, * Tropical and South Africa,’ . : Blaeria L. 14. Flowers with 4 bracts and bracteoles. Cais Pirhledacd, 4-parted nearly " to the base, slightly exceeding the deeply 4-cleft corolla. Anthers spurred, opening by ‘longitudinal slits. Fruit dehiscing septicidally, few-seeded. — Species 1 (C. ‘vulgaris ‘Salisb., ling). North-west Africa (Morocco and Azores). Yields tanning and dyeing materials, medicaments, and food for bees. . . earner Calluna Salisb. Flowers with 1—3 bracts and bracteoles or Gero any. Fruit dehiscing loculicidally, usually many-seeded. . . . . IBM: 15 15. Calyx-lobes unequal, the lowest larger than tHe? tree Bre and | bracteoles none. Disc rudimentary: Stigma broad. Flowers terminal. —— Species 45. Se and South Africa. Some are used medicinally. u Eh ER 2 eee, ons Philippia Klotzsch Calyx-lobes equal. ee ana bracteoles nearly always present. Disc usually distinctly developed. . .. ee cy EO 16. Calyx much longer than the corolla, two Lop the beMients including the other two. Anthers opening by loculicidal slits. — Species 1. South - Africa (Cape Colony). (Under Erica L.). . . . Maenabia Benth. Calyx nöt much longer, usually shorter than the corolla. — Species 480. South Africa, East Africa to Comoro Islands, and North Africa. Many species are used as ornamental plants, some yield wood or dyes. (In- Berne Peniapera”Klätzsch). ©" Heath.” = LORD 20 Doe ErTea"L. ORDER PRIMULALES FAMILY 190. MYRSINACEAE Trees or shrubs, rarely (Afrardisia) herbs. Leaves alternate, undivided, gland-dotted, without stipules. Flowers in racemes panicles umbels or heads, regular, 4—5-, very rarely 6—7-merous. Petals white or red, rarely yellow or green, usually united below. Stamensas many as the petals, opposite to them, inserted on the corolla! Anthers opening inwards, more rarely near the apex. ‘Ovary superior, rarely {M aesa) half-inferior, 1-celled, with a free central, usually ‘globular placenta. Ovules several or many, inverted or half:inverted. Style ‘simple or wanting ; stigma entire or lobed. Fruit a berry, a drupe, or a nut, Seeds with copious albumen. - Embryo with a long radicle and small an "— Genera 10, species 130. (Plate 121.) 5 ir 1. Ovary inferior or half-inferior. Ovules’ seated upon the surface of the ei placetita. © Fruit several-seeded. Petals united below, white.” Stigma " - broadened. Shrubs.‘ Flowers in racemes or panicles. — Species 10. 2D 418 I90. MYRSINACEAE Tropical and South Africa. Some are used medicinally. (Plate 121.) [Subfamily MAESOIDEAE.) . . ni Maesa Forsk. Ovary superior. Ovules sunk into Ye en Fruit one-seeded. (Subfamily MYRSINOIDEAE.) . . . . . PT ee . Ovules in several rows. Petals free, pink. Flowets hermaphrodite, 5-merous, in short racemes. Stigma punctiform. Filaments long. — Species 1. Madeira and Canary Islands. (Under Ardisia Swartz or Myrsine L.) [Tribe ARDISIEAE.] . . . . MHeberdenia Banks Ovules in a single row. Petals united below, more rarely free, but then flowers dioecious and stigma peltate. [Tribe MYRSINEAE.] . . 3 . Ovules numerous, about ten. Anthers opening by a single pore at the apex. Sepals unequal-sided. Petals united below. Filaments short. Stigma punctiform. Trees. Flowers in panicles, dioecious, 5-merous. — Species6. Madagascar. (Under Ardisia Swartz). Monoporus A.DC. Ovules few. Anthers opening by twoslitsor pores. . . . . . . 4 . Stigma punctiform. Style thin. Flowers hermaphrodite, 5—7-merous. Petals united below. Filaments short, free or nearlyso.. . . . 5 Stigma more or less dilated. Stylethick. . . . . 2 eee . Sepals and petals with imbricate, not contorted Be yt petals white, equal-sided. Trees or tall shrubs. Leaves entire. Flowers sessile _ or nearly so, in heads or umbels arising from lateral dwarf-shoots. — Species 1. Madeira and Canary Islands, (Under Myrsine L.) Pleiomeris A. DC. Sepals and petals with contorted aestivation ; petals red, unequal-sided. Herbs, undershrubs, or shrubs. Flowers in axillary umbels or racemes, 5-merous. — Species 10. West Africa. (Under Ardisia Swartz). Afrardisia Mez . Petals free or nearly so. Filaments usually free. Flowers unisexual. — Species 25. Tropical and South-east Africa. Some are used medicinally. (Samara. L., Pattara Adare) 2.2.0722 Embelia Burm. Petals obviously united Below... 0... un... -», we» oe. 6 . Filaments wanting. . . - 5 4 Filaments distinctly Er more or Se ER, "Style ad af, 9 . Style wanting. Flowers in umbels upon sometimes imperceptible dwarf- shoots. — Species 10. Tropical and South Africa. (Under Myrsine L.) Rapanea Aubl. Style present. Flowers in axillary racemes or panicles. — Species 10. Mascarene Islands and doi (Under Ardista Swartz or Icacorea a Kia Badula Juss. . Flowers dioecious, in ae arising Bee tea shoots. Petals imbricate in bud. Anthers free. — Species 2. Tropical and South Africa and Azores. They yield timber and are used as ornamental, medicinal, or fodder plants. = rate. SERIE Flowers hermaphrodite, in a en racemes or panicles. — Species 55. Madagascar and neighbouring islands. . Oneostemon A. Juss. MYRSINACEAE PLOW. PL..AFR. J. Fleischmann del. Maesa lanceolata Forsk. AFlowering branch. B Flower cut lengthwise. C Fruiting branch. D Fruit, E Seed. F Seed cut lengthwise. PRIMULACEAE. FLOW: PL! AFR, Pl. 222 J. Fleischmann del. Ardisiandra Sibthorpioides Hook. A Flowering branch. B Flower cut lengthwise. C Seed D Seed cut lengthwise. IQI. PRIMULACEAE 419 FAMILY 191. PRIMULACEAE Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves undivided or lobed, without stipules. Flowers solitary or in umbels racemes or panicles, without bracteoles, 3--7-merous, hermaphrodite. Petals usually united below, with imbricate or contorted aestivation. Fertile stamens as many as the petals and opposite to them. Ovary usually superior, I-celled, with a free central placenta. Ovules several or many, half-inverted. Style simple; stigma entire. Fruit a capsule. Seeds with ventral hilum ; albumen fleshy ; embryo small, axile. — Genera IT, species Mate 122.) i. Ovary inferior or half-inferior. Corolla white, 5-cleft, reguiar, imbricate in bud, with 5 scales at the throat. Ovules numerous. Flowers in terminal racemes or panicles. Leaves alternate. — Species 2. Used as mecemeoes. |Tmbe SAMÖLEFAE.]. . "Zen. Samolus L. Ovary superior. . . RE: a ee ee cele eas Sit) 2. Corolla irregular, red. eae prickly. Ovules 5. Flowers in terminal racemes. Leaves alternate, linear, prickly toothed. — Species I. North Africa. Used medicinally. [Tribe CORIDEAE.] . Coris L. Pacollareewmar Calyx not prickly!’ ZN, ek See 3. Corolla-lobes bent back, with contorted aestivation, er or white. Ovules numerous. Stem tuberous. Leaves radical, stalked, broad. Flowers solitary, radical. — Species 4. North Africa. Used as ornamental or medicinal plants ; the tubers are poisonous. [Tribe CYCLAMINEAE.] Cyclamen L. Corolla-lobes erect or spreading. Stem not tuberous. . . . . . 4 4. Corolla with contorted aestivation. [Tribe LYSIMACHIEAE.| . . 5 Corolla with imbricate, not contorted aestivation. {Tribe ANDRO- EN ee as, ae Ee OR eee a ae oe ee ee eG 5. Corolla smaller than the calyx. Flowers solitary in the axils of the leaves. 6 Corolla larger than the calyx; petalsunitedbelow. . . . . . . 8 6. Petals 3, free. Fruit 2-seeded, opening in 3 valves. Leaves opposite. — Species r. Naturalized in the Canary Islands. (Under Asterolinum Binks Hotmse |. Bee .nsstemesnkkanhuhet + leklers, of. El. Petals 4—5, united below. Fruit many-seeded. . . . . . . . 7 7. Corolla-tube short. Fruit opening by a lid. Leaves alternate, at least the upper ones. — Species I. North and East Africa. Centuneulus L. Corolla-tube long. Fruit opening by 4—5 valves. Leaves opposite. — Species 2. North and East Africa. . . Asterolinum Link & Hofimsg. 8. Fruit opening by a lid. Corolla red or blue. Flowers solitary, axillary. — Species 20. Some of them yield a fish-poison or medicaments, or serve as ornamental plants. ‘“ Pimpernel.”’ . . . Anagallis L. Fruit opening by valves. Corolla usually yellow or white. — Species 12. North, South, and East Africa and Madagascar. Some are used as ornamental or medicinal plants. (Including Lubinia Vent.) Lysimachia L. 420 IQI. PRIMULACEAE —- 192. PLUMBAGINACEAE g. Stamens with an acuminate connective, inserted at the base of the corolla. Corolla white, about as long as the calyx, bell-shaped, deeply cleft, ciliate. Flowers solitary or 2-—-3 together in the axils of the leaves. Leaves alternate, stalked, cordate, lobed. Stem creeping. — Species I. Mountains of Central Africa. (Plate 122.) 20 Ardisiandra Hook. Stamens with an obtuse connective, inserted in the tube of the corolla. F ‘lowers terminal, solitary or in umbels or whorls. Leaves radical. Stem erect, sometimes very Shotts, ut, Io 10. Corolla smaller than the calyx, bell-shaped, ih a eo Gb a, or reddish, Flowers in umbels. Leaves elliptical, subsessile. — Species I. North Africa. Used medicmallye ..., oot. du _Androsace L. Corolla larger than the calyx, salver-shaped, with a long tube. Leaves spatulate. — Species 2. North Africa and Abyssinia. Used as orna- mental or medicinal plants. “ Primrose” ke. Primula L. FAMILY 192. PLUMBAGINACEAE Herbs, undershrubs, or shrubs. Leaves undivided. Flowers in spike- head- or panicle-like inflorescences, regular or nearly so, 5-merous, herma- phrodite, bracteolate. Calyx with valvate or open aestivation, usually folded. Petals more or less clearly united, with contorted aestivation. Stamens as many as the petals and opposite to them. Anthers turned inwards. Ovary superior, r-celled. Ovule 1, suspended from the basal funicle, inverted, with superior micropyle. Style or style-branches 5. Seeds with a straight embryo and mealy albumen. — Genera 7 7, species 90. {Plate 123.) I. Styles united high up. Stamens generally free from the corolla. In- florescence usually simple ; each flower with 2 bracteoles, which usually bear no flowers in their axils. [Tribe PLUMBAGINEAE.] 5 Styles free or united at the base only. Stamens attached to the corolla. Inflorescence composed of cymes ; each flower with 1—2 bracteoles, one of which bears a flower in its axil. {Tribe STATICEAE.] . . . 4 . Sepals glandular, evidently united below. Corolla salver-shaped. Stamens free from the corolla. Undershrubs. — Species 9. Some of them yield arrow-poison, tanning materials, or medicaments, or serve as ornamental Dlants.. ‘. '. 2% ee ri Plumbago L. - Sepals without Kaas dic or ne she a Seh us BE 1468) a 3. Stamens inserted in the middle of the corolla-tube. Corolla salver-shaped, pink or violet. Inflorescence capitate. — Species2. Abyssinia. Ceratostigma Bunge Stamens free from “the corolla. Corolla funnel-shaped. Inflorescence spicate-paniculate. — Species.3. Central and South Africa. (Vogelia Lam.) (Plate 123.) . .. . Dyerophyton O. Ktze. . Stamens inserted in the raider of the corolla-tube. Styles united nearly halfway up. Corolla blue, with a long tube. Undershrubs. — Species 3. North Atrica. (Bubania Gir.) ..... . ..:,„ . Limoniastrum Moench ‚Stamens.inserted at the base of the corolla. . . . 2 2 2 20.5 D > FLOW. PL. AFR. J. Fleischmann del. PLUMBAGINACEAE. Dyerophyton africanum (Lam.) O. Ktze. A Flowering branch. B Flower cut lengthwise. C Ovary cut lengthwise. 1: 123, SAPOTACEAE. FLOW. PL» AFR. Pl 723 J. Fleischmann del. Mimusops Kummel Bruce A Flowering branch. B Flower cut lengthwise. C Petal, stamen, and staminodes. D Petal from outside. E Anther from outside. F Cross-section of ovary. IQ2. PLUMBAGINACEAE — 193; SAPOTACEAE 421 5. Stigmas capitate. Styles tubercled. . Fruit opening by alid. _ Inflorescence panicuiate. Herbs. -—- Species 1 North Africa. Yields tanning and dyeing materials and medicaments, and serves as an ornamental plant. . Goniolimon Boiss. Rmmnasevindrcalor filiform; . SEP se Hite cicormslit AG 6. Styles hairy. Petals almost free. Fruit bursting all round at the base. Inflorescence capitate. Leaves usually linear. — Species 10. North Africa. Some are used as ornamental or medicinal plants. “ Thrift.’’ ) Armeria Willd. Styles glabrous. Fruit opening with a lid, or bursting irregularly, or remaining closed. Inflorescence paniculate. — Species 60. North Africa, northern Central Africa, and South Africa. Some species are used for tanning or as ornamental or medicinal plants. (Limonium aS ayia Kari. en BS PARA han See: I. ORDER EBENALES SUBORDER SAPOTINEAE FAMILY 193. SAPOTACEAE Trees, rarely shrubs. Leaves entire. Flowers solitary or in clusters in the leaf-axils.or on the trunk, Calyx imbricate in bud. Petals united below, imbricate in bud. . Stamens as many as the petals and opposite to them, or more. Anthers .opening lengthwise. Ovary superior, completely or almost com- pletely 2- or more-celled. Ovules solitary in each cell, more or less curved, the micropyle turned downwards. - Style simple. Fruit a berry. — Genera 19, species 150.. (Plate 124.) 1. Petals with two sometimes laciniate or minute dorsal appendages, rarely withoneonly. [Tribe MIMUSOPEAE.] . . . rn, 2 Petals without dorsal appendages. [Tribe PALAOUI EAE. N A 2. Fertile stamens as many as the petals, 6; staminodes none. Appendages of the petals small, toothed. Flowers hermaphrodite. Seeds exalbum- inous, affixed by a broad, lateral hilum. — Species 1. ' Seychelles. | Northea Hook. fil. Fertile stamens as many as the Re 6--8, but alternating with as many staminodes,ormore. . . distves fallen deave'g 3. Fertile stamens more than ‘ies as many as the petal Fruit 1-seeded. — 2 aie 3. RE and Mascarenes. Yielding timber. Labourdonnesia Boj. Fertile stamens as many, rarely twice as many as the petals. — Species 60. Tropical and South Africa. Some species yield timber, tanning-bark, a resin (balata) similar to guttapercha, edible fruits, fat-containing seeds, fish-poison,: and. medicaments. (Including Baillonella Pierre, Dumoria A. Chev., Imbricaria Commers.; Labramia A.DC.;. and Tieghemella Bietre): ie(Platel 124)». 1.6. Weta yo SRH AT Mimusops L. 422 4. 5. 6. Io. Anke I2. 193. SAPOTACEAE Fertile stamens as many as petals. [Subtribe sIDEROXYLINAE. | ee. | ARTEN more than petals. 2. ae eee Staminodes none, rarely 1i—4, small. . . . . . 2... 3. 6 Staminodes 5 or more. . . .. “EE Filaments with a leaf-like re Table brown at the te of the branches ; stipules linear. Flowers in clusters springing from older branches. — Species 1. Madagascar. . . Cryptogyne Hook. fil, Filaments without a leaf-like appendage. . . 7 . Anthers converging around the style, oblong. Piatients sancti to the long corolla-tube at their base. Sepals free. Endocarp separating and enveloping the 5 seeds. Seeds exalbuminous. Shrubs with long, reddish brown, undivided hairs. Leaves lanceolate, with 2 pouch-shaped auricles at the base of the blade; side-nerves numerous, somewhat distant, connected by numerous transverse veins. — Species1. Equator- ial West Africa (Gaboon) . . RE Er Delpydora Pierre Anthers not converging. Leaves not ad Hairs usually 2-parted. 8 . Seeds albuminous. Primary side-nerves of the leaves usually approximate. — Species 20. Central and South Africa. Some species yield timber or edible fruits. . . Warn Chrysophyllum L. Seeds exalbuminous, any AN! 5-lobed. Primary side-nerves of the leaves somewhat distant. Trees. . . 9 . Sepals free or nearly so. Tube of the corolla jeer hadi the sehtiehte! Anthers opening inwards or laterally. Leaves oblong or ovate ; primary side-nerves straight and connected by numerous transverse veins. — Species 6. Central Africa. They yield timber. . Malacantha Pierre Sepals obviously united at the base. Tube of the corolla as long as or shorter than the segments. Anthers opening outwards. Leaves lanceolate or elliptical ; primary side-nerves arched, connected by a net- work ‘of veins.: >: a el Csrolla-tube as long as the Teall. Ovules attached below the middle. — Species 6. Central Africa. Some have edible fruits. (Under Side- roxvlon L.) wen Sersalisia R. Br. Corolla-tube shorter ‘hin the velit one! ‘ Ovailes attached by the middle or above it. Leaves lanceolate ; stipules linear. — Species 4. Central Africa. They yield timber, edible fruits, and oily seeds. Pachystela Pierre (gy Ovary 2-—6-Celléd. 25’ ef i181, EB SOTWT AGH? SER BIST BSR Er Ovary 8—12-celled. . . . a a ur Ir Fer Filaments much longer than the snide ea mice linear. Pace long. Ovules attached above the middle. Corolla with a short tube and . harrow segments. Seed I, with a very scanty albumen. Trees. Leaves lanceolate, stipulate. —- a 4. West Africa. (Under Sideroxylon 1 a al oa iim F ER Bakerisideroxylon Engl. Filaments about as Yon as or slightly longer than the anthers. Ovules attaumed by the middle or below Wt.) : rte 2s). Ae 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 193. SAPOTACEAE 423 Sepals united to above the middle. Anthers opening inwards. Staminodes lanceolate or ovate. Styles very long, with a very small stigma. Seeds exalbuminous. Trees. Leaves lanceolate. — Species 3. Central Africa. (Including Stironeurum Radlk.) . . . Synsepalum A. DC. Sepals free or united at the base. Anthersopeningoutwards. . . . 14 Staminodes awl-shaped. Ovary 2—4-celled. Seeds 2—4, connate, albu- minous. Spiny trees. Leaves lanceolate. — Species 1. Morocco. Yields timber (iron-wood) and oil. . . Argania Roem. & Schult. Staminodes more or less petal-like, or short and broad. Ovary usually 5-celled. Seeds separate or solitary. . . oy ety KS Staminodes more or less petal-like. Seeds abnhuinnee. uh leaf-like cotyledons. — Species 20. Tropical and South Africa, Canary Islands, and Madeira. Some species yield timber, edible fruits, or medicaments. (Including Calvaria Commers. and Sapota A.DC.) . . Sideroxylon L. Staminodes small, broad. Seeds exalbuminous, with thick cotyledons. (See 10.) . F Sersalisia R. Br. Calyx 5-—6- ‘sited: Gérétla age öked" Dany 10—12-celled. Ovules attached by the base. Fruit 4—12-seeded. Seeds ovoid, compressed, with a narrow hilum, albuminous. Flowers solitary. — Species 1 (A. Sapota L., sapodilla-plum). Cultivated in the tropics. Yields a guttapercha-like resin, edible fruits, and medicaments. (Under Sapota a 110918) - Achras L. Calyx 8—10- erde, Oo ce cleft « or pet Oral 8—10-celled. Ovules attached by the middle. Fruit 1—¥4-seeded. Seeds globular, with a broad hilum, exalbuminous. Flowers in clusters, clothed with rusty-brown hairs. — Species 1 (B. Parkii Kotschy). Central Africa, Yields timber, a guttapercha-like resin, edible fruits, and a fat (shea- butter) from the seeds. (Bassia L.) . . . Butyrospermum Kotschy (4.) Sepals 5, unequal, spirally arranged. Fertile stamens 15, 20, or more ; staminodes 5 or more. Ovary g-—-30-celled. Style cone- or club- al [Subtribe OMPHALOCARPINAE.]. . . pags. TS Sepals 4 or 6, nearly equal, whorled. Stamens 12 or 16, all featites Anthers opening outwards. Style awl-shaped. [Subtribe ILLIPINAE.] . . IQ Stamens 15, united in 5 bundles. Anthers opening outwards. Ovary to-celled. Style club-shaped. Petals 5, white. Sepals red. Flowers solitary or few together in the axils of the lower, sometimes fallen leaves. — Speciesi .Equatorial West Africa (Cameroons). Tridesmostemon Engl. Stamens 20 or more, free. Anthers opening inwards. Style cone-shaped, Flowers springing from the old wood. — Species 13. West Africa. They yield timber and a sort of guttapercha. Omphalocarpum Beauv. Sepals 4. Petals 8. Stamens 16. Ovary 10—12-celled. Seeds albumin- ous. — Species I. Cultivated in the tropics. Yields guttapercha. Payena A,DC. Sepals 6. Petals 6. Stamens 12. Ovary 6-celled. Seeds exalbuminous. — Species 2. Cultivated in the tropics. Yielding guttapercha. Palaquium Blanco 424 194. HOPLESTIGMATACEAE.— I95. EBENACEAE SUBORDER DIOSPYRINEAE ; FAMILY 194. HOPLESTIGMATACEAE - Trees. Leaves alternate, undivided, without stipules. Flowers in terminal panicles. Calyx closed in the bud, subsequently cleft into 2—4 lobes. Corolla with a short tube and 11—14 imbricate segments. Stamens 23—34, inserted in the tube of the corolla. Anthers opening lengthwise. Ovary r-celled with 2 much projecting placentas. Ovules 4, pendulous inverted. Styles 2, united at the base, with roundish stigmas. Fruit a drupe with 2 empty cavities. Seeds with a large embryo and scanty albumen. (Under FLA- COURTIACEAE.) | Genus I, species 2. Equatorial West Africa. . . Hoplestigma Pierre FAMILY 195. EBENACEAE Trees or shrubs. Leaves entire, without stipules. Flowers u or in cymes in the leaf-axils, regular. Petals united below, with contorted, rarely valvate aestivation. Stamens as many as the petals and opposite to them, or more numerous, inserted at the base of the. corolla-tube. Filaments free or united in bundles. Anthers basifixed, 2-celled. .Ovary. superior, . sessile, 2—16-celled. Ovules 1—2 in each cell, pendulous, inverted. Styles 2—8, free or united at the base. Seeds with a copious, cartilaginous albumen and an axile embryo. — Genera 6, species150. Tropicaland South Africa. (Plate 125.) I. Corolla with valvate aestivation. Stamens about 30.. Flowers 4-merous, dioecious, the male in cymes, the female solitary. — Species 1. Mada- gascar. . - ORTES TEL Tetraclis Hiern Corolla with Doro TR or 4 fan tases ce 2. Stamens 2—3, with hairy filaments a En urn Corolla 3—4- lobed. Flowers dioecious. Fruit. oblong or. ovoid. Leaves oblique at the base. — Species 1. West Africa. . . . Rhaphidanthe Hiern Stamens 4 or more, very rarely 3, but then filaments glabrous and anthers oblong or lanceolate. .-. „=... u. Fra Se ee 3. Stamens in a single row, 4—I4, 10. ae usually herma- phrodite, 5-, rarely 4-, 6-, or 7-merous. Ovary 4—10-celled with ı ovule in each cell. Pericarp leathery. — Species 20. South and Central Africa: Some species yield timber. . . ee sa Royena L. Stamens in 2 or more rows, very rarely in a ae row, but then only 3. Flowers unisexual, rarely polygamous. Pericarp usually fleshy. . 4 4. Ovary 3-celled with 2 ovules, or 6-celled with 1 ovule in each cell; in the latter case female flowers with staminodes. Flowers 3-merous, more rarely 4—6-merous. Stamens usually 9, glabrous. Leaves alternate. — Species 20. Tropical and -South-east Africa. Some species yield timber, edible fruits, and medicaments. (Plate 125.) Maba Forst. ı Ovary 4- or 8—16-celled, rarely 2- or 6-celled ; in the latter case female flowers without staminodes. Flowers. 4—7-, very rarely 3-merous. Stamens naially, 12-20. er eur cishoaorlie ee alee EBENACEAE. PLOW, PL. AFR. Pl. 125. CH J. Fleischmann del. Maba buxifolia (Rottb.) Pers. A Flowering branch, B Male flower cut lengthwise. C Female flower cut lengthwise. D Cross-section of ovary, E Fruit. F Seed OLEACEAE FEOWYPE-MER, Pl. 126. J. Fleischmann del. Schrebera alata Welw. A Flowering branch. B Flower cut lengthwise. C Group of fruits. D Fruit cut lengthwise. E Fruit cut across. 195. EBENACEAE — 196. STYRACACEAE — 197. OLEACEAE 425 5. Staminodes usually absent in the female flowers. Ovary 2-celled with 2 ovules, or 4—6-celled with one ovule in each cell. Calyx not, enlarged after flowering. Fruit fleshy. Stamens 1o—30.— Species 35. Central and South Africa. Some species yield timber or edible fruits. Euelea L. . Staminodes usually present in the female flowers. Ovary 4—16-, usually 8-celled, with 1 ovule in each cell. Calyx. most frequently enlarged after flowering. Stamens usually 16. — Species 75. Tropical and South-east Africa. They yield timber (ebony), tanning and dyeing .materials, mucilage, edible fruits (date-plums), fish-poison, and medica- ments. (Including Thespesocarpus Pierre). . . Diospyros Dalech. FAMILY 196. STYRACACEAE ‘Trees. Leaves alternate, undivided, without stipules. Flowers solitary or in pairs in the leaf-axils, clothed with stellate hairs, hermaphrodite. Calyx closed in the bud, splitting subsequently into 2 or’ 3 segments. — Petals 5, free, fleshy, whitish-yellow. ‘Stamens tro, free. Anthers’ basifixed, pointed, opening by 2 longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, I-celled. Ovules 6, basal, inverted. Style simple. Fruit dry, indehiscent. ~Seed 1, with a crusty-woody testa and a ‘copious, horny albumen. Embryo 'axile, large, straigiit, with a short radicle and thin cotyledons. “Genus I,’ species I. Equatorial West Africa (Cameroons). aft tangs Afrostyrax Perkins & Gilg ORDER CONTORTAE SUBORDER OLEINEAE FAMILY 197. OLEACEAE Shrubs or trees, rarely undershrubs. Leaves exstipulate, usually opposite. Flowers regular. Stamens 2, alternating with the carpels, rarely 3—4, inserted on: “the corolla, if the latter is present. Disc none. Ovary superior, rarely (Fraxinus) naked, 2-celled, rarely 3—4-celled. Ovules I—4, usually 2, in each cell, inverted. Style simple ; stigmas I—2. Seeds with a straight embryo. — Genera II, species 120. (Including JASMINEAE.) (Plate 126.) I. Seeds erect or ascending, the radicle turned downwards.. F ruit 2-parted, but sometimes one half only developed. Corolla conspicuous, white or yellow, with 5—6, more rarely 7—12 or 4imbricate segments ; in the latter case anthers opening inside. Shrubs or undershrubs. [Subfamily JASMINOIDEAE, tribe JASMINEAE.] . .. . (i anew e Seeds pendulous or descending, the radicle turned at: ol Fruit not 2-parted. Petals 4 oro, rarely 5—8; in this case petals valvate in bud or stem tree-like. _ Anthers opening laterally, very rarely inside, but then petals valvate in bud. [Subfamily OLEOIDEAE.| . . . 3 2. Fruit a capsule. Sepals linear. Corolla bell- or wheel- ee hs a short tube and 5—6 segments. ‚Anthers opening laterally. Ovules 2—4 in each ovary-cell. Undershrubs. _ Leaves simple, undivided or pinnatifid. — Species 3. South Africa. Menodora Humb. & ‚Bonpl. 426 10. 197. OLEACEAE Fruit a berry. Corolla salver-shaped. Anthers opening inside. Shrubs. Leaves compound, with 1—7 leaflets. — Species 60. Some of them are used in perfumery and medicine or as ornamental plants (jessamine). Jasminum L. . Fruit a linear or lanceolate winged nut. Seeds with fleshy albumen. Ovules 2 in each ovary-cell. Corolla absent. Flowers unisexual or polygamous. Leaves pinnate. Trees. — Species 4. North-west Africa. They yield timber, tanning and dyeing materials, and medica- ments. “Ash.” [Tribe FRAXINEAE.]. . . . . Fraxinus L. Fruit a capsule, a berry, ora drupe. Corolla present. . . . . . 4 . Fruit a capsule. Albumen very scanty or absent. Ovules 4 in each ovary-cell. Corolla with a long tube and 4—8 imbricate lobes. Flowers in panicles. Trees. — Species 15. Central and South Africa. (Nathusia Hochst.) (Plate 126.) [Tribe SYRINGEAE.] . Schrebera Roxb. Fruit a berry or a drupe. Ovules 2 in each ovary-cell. Corolla with a short tube or without a tube, and with valvate, rarely imbricate segments; in the latter case shrubs with spicate or racemose flowers. Leaves undivided. [Tribe OLEINEAE.] “jive slyte 2beiroent Ale . Petals free or united in pairs, with valvate aestivation. . . . . . 6 Petals all united at the base. . Flowers in axillary and terminal iene racemes. Maken with a long radicle. — Species 1. Canary Islands and Madeira. Yields timber. (Piccoma DC.) cee Pa ts Notelaea Vent. Flowers in axillary or terminal Smpabnd: racemes. Embryo with a short radicle. — Species 10. Tropical and South-east Africa. Some species wield timber. \(Mayepea Aub) Hee as Linociera Swartz . Corolla with imbricate aestivation. Flowers in axillary simple spikes or racemes. Shrubs. — Species 4. North Africa. They yield timber and medicaments, and serve also as ornamental plants. . Phillyrea L. Corolla with induplicate-valvate aestivation . . > ee . Corolla globular. Seeds exalbuminous, with thick cbiyledanss Flowers in axillary and terminal simple racemes, more rarely solitary or in clusters. Trees. — Species 6. Madagascar and Mascarenes. Some have edible fruits. ny . . Noronhia Stadtmann Corolla not globular. Seeds Sith | a aesny albumen and flat ae Flowers in compound racemes or in clusters. . . 9 . Corolla-tube very short ; segments narrow, bent ents at hie margins. Sepals free or nearly so. Anthers opening outwards. Flowersin clusters. Low trees. — Species I. Southern Central Africa. . Dekindtia Gilg Corolla-tube not very short. Sepals united high up. Anthers opening inwards or laterally. Flowers in compound racemes. . . . . IO Fruit a berry with a membranous or crustaceous endocarp, 2 cells, and 2—4 seeds. Inflorescences terminal. Shrubs. — Species 1. Naturalized in North Africa. Serves as an ornamental or hedge plant; also the wood is used; the berries are poisonous. “ Privet.” Ligustrum L. 197, OLEACEAE — 198. LOGANIACEAE 427 Fruit a drupe with a bony, woody, or crustaceous endocarp and 1, rarely 2 seeds. Inflorescences usually axillary. — Species 15. Some of them, especially the olive (O. europaea L.), yield timber, edible fruits, oil, and medicaments, or serve as ornamental plants. . . . . . Olea L. SUBORDER GENTIANINEAE FAMILY 198. LOGANIACEAE Shrubs or trees. Juice not milky. Leaves opposite or whorled, entire, rarely toothed or lobed; stipules well developed or reduced to a transverse ridge or line connecting the leaf-stalks. Calyx-!obes 4—5. Petals 4—16, united below. Stamens as many as or fewer than the petals, inserted on the corolla. Ovary superior, completely or incompletely 2-, rarely 4-celled, with 2 or more inverted ovules in each cell. Style simple or 4-cleft. Seeds album- inous. — Genera 14, species 240. Tropical and South Africa. (Plate 127.) 1. Glandular hairs present. Corolla-lobes 4, imbricate in bud. Stamens 4. Stylesimple. (Subfamily BUDDLEIOIDEAE.| . . .. . 2 Glandular hairs absent. [Subfamily LOGANIOIDEAE.|} . .. . 8 2. Anther-halves cohering above, divergent below. Anthers projecting beyond the corolla-tube, Filaments inserted at the throat of the corolla. Style long; stigma small. Ovary incompletely 2-celled. Fruit a capsule. Flowers in terminal panicles. Stipules reduced to a transverse line. Capitate tips of the glandular hairs consisting of several cells. — Species 30. Tropical and South Africa. Some species yield timber. (Plate 127.) ; ows Nuxia Lam. Anther-halves separate. Style “Shek with a Mtisigle stigma, rarely rather long, but then flowers in racemes. Capitate tips of the glandular hairs consisting of 2cells. . . . nisgexq-aeki : 3 3. Anthers distinctly projecting et the le: Ki. Filaments inserted at the base of the corolla-tube. Ovary 2-celled. Fruit a capsule. Flowers in many-flowered, terminal panicles. Stipules reduced to a transverse line. Trees. — Species 4. South Africa and Madagascar. Chilianthus Burch. Anthers concealed within the corolla-tube or scarcely projecting. . . 4 4. Style long. Ovary 2-celled. Fruit a capsule. Flowers in terminal simple racemes. Stipules reduced to a transverse line. Shrubs. — Species 2. South Africa and southern Central Africa. . Gomphostigma Turcz. Style short. Flowers in capitate, racemose, or panicled inflorescences com- pose@efeymes: Wii, NM, ‘ier 24 SUAE . 5 5. Ovary cornpletely or incompletely 4- Lada. Sl salver- AR Fruit a globular drupe. Flowers in terminal panicles. Stipules reduced to a transverse line. — Species 2. Madagascar. (Under Buddleia L.) Adenoplea Radlk. Ovary completely or incompletely 2-celled. . . . . . . . . 6 428 -» 198. LOGANIACEAE 6. Fruit a globular drupe. Seeds with a small embryo. . Ovary completely 2-celled. Corolla salver-shaped. Inflorescences lateral, racemiform. Leaves toothed, with foliaceous stipules. — Species 2. Madagascar. Adenoplusia Radlk. Fruit an oblong berry or an oblong orovatecapsule.. .-. . . . 7 7. Fruit a berry. Seeds with a comparatively large embryo. Ovary in- completely 2-celled. Corolla salver-shaped. Inflorescences capitate. Shrubs. — Species 7. - Madagascar and the neighbouring islands. Nicodemia Ten. Fruit a capsule. Seeds with a small embryo. — Species 18. Tropical and South Africa. Some species yield timber, dye-stuffs, a substitute for soap, and medicaments, or serve as ornamental plants. Buddleia L. 8. (1.) Style 4-cleft. Ovary 2-celled with 2 ovules in each cell. Corolla funnel-shaped, 4—5-lobed, imbricate in bud. Stamens 4—-5. Fruit a capsule. Leaves entire. Stipules Paes or united into a sheath. [Tribe GELSEMIEAE. ] “Style simple. Ovules with several or many earaee in sack ‘ent Bla with 2, but then corolla valvate in Bud tue), tr ar 9. Flowers in few-flowered cymes enclosed by two tbe invoruerae bracts united at the base. Stameris unequal in length. — Species 6. Central Africa.’ (Under Mostuea Did) . . . . Coinochlamys Anders. Flowers without an involucre. — Species 25. Tropics. Mostuea Didr. 10. Corolla with imbricate or contorted aestivation ; segments 5-16. Stamens the sameiinumber. . . . . Hal ogee nT Ze Corolla with valvate aestivation ; séainents 4-28, ~Stamens the same in number or fewer. Stipules ec to a transverse line. Inflorescences terminal and lateral. DR. FIR RER 11. Calyx with 4, corolla with 10—I6 es Anithers To and narrow. Disc present. Ovary 4-celled below, 2-celled above. Fruit a berry. Inflorescences terminal. — Species 20. Tropical and South Africa. Some species have edible fruits or are used in medicine. [Tribe FRA- GRA AR ie ala olte vss Anthocleista Afz. Calyx and corolla with 5 ep, na bach, Anthers short. Ovary 2- celled. Fruit a capsule. Inflorescences lateral. — Species 10 Mada- gascar and Mascarenes. Some Ihr yield timber. [Tribe LOGAN- TEA Bide 0: orsra e 0... Geniostoma Forst. 12. Calyx-segments very ae one 2 om much larger than the others and petal-like. Corolla salver-shaped, 4-lobed. Stamen I: Ovary 2- celled with numerous ovules. Fruit acapsule. Seeds winged. Climbing shrubs. — Species 1. West Africa. [Tribe ANTONIEAE.] ; Usteria Willd. Calyx-segments nearly equal. cia 4—5. er betel ae 13. Corolla tubular, red. Ovules 2—3 in each ovary- iG Fruit a capsuie. Leaves whorled, linear. Flowers few, terminal or arising in the upper leaf-axils. Shrubs. — Species 1. South Africa. . Retzia Thunb. LOGANIACEAE. moOW. PL.AFR. J. Fleischmann del. Nuxia Autunesii Gilg A Flowering branch. B Flower (from which the anthers have fallen off excepting one) cut lengthwise. C Flower cut iengthwise. PL Ra: D Ovary GENTIANACEAE, FLOW. PL. AFR. Pl. 12 J. Fleischmann del., Chironia transvaalensis Gilg A Flowering branch. B Flower cut lengthwise. C Stamen. D Cross-section of ovary. E Fruit. F Seed. 009 . 198. LOGANIACEAE ‘— 199. GENTIANACEAE 429 ! «Corolla salver-, bell-, or wheel-shaped, usually white. Ovules’ several or many in each ovary-cell. Fruit a berry. Leaves opposite, 3—5- nerved — Species 110. ‘Tropical and South Africa: Some species vield timber, poisons, and medicaments ; some have poisonous, others edible fruits and'seeds, which are also used for preparing alcohol. (In- cluding Brehmia Harv. and /gnatia L. f. N [Tribe STRYCHNEAE.] Stryehnos L. FAMILY 199. GENTIANACEAE Herbs or undershrubs, rarely shrubs. Leaves undivided, sometimes reduced to scales ; stipules absent or replaced by a transverse ridge or line connecting the leaf-stalks. Flowers regular, rarely (C anscora) somewhat irregular. Petals united below. Stamens as many as the petals, and alternating with them, 3-8, sometimes one only fertile. Ovary superior, 1-celled with 2 or 4 parietal placentas, or 2-celled with axile placentas. Ovules numerous. Style simple with 1—2 stigmas. rarely (Erythraea) 2-cleft. Fruit a capsule, rarely a nut or (Chironia) a berry. Seeds minute, albuminous. — Genera 23, species 250. (Plate 128.) I. Corolla with induplicate-valvate aestivation, 5-partite, white or yellow. Pollen-grains compressed from one side. Ovary I-ceiled, with little intruding placentas. Stigma 2-partite. Leaves alternate or all radical, broad-cordate. [Subfamily MENYANTHOIDEAE. | rset! 2 Corolla with contorted or imbricate aestivation. Pollen-grains not com- pressed from.one side. Leaves opposite or whorled or nearly so. [Sub- family GENTIANOIDEAE.| . . ..... . SR TOUTS 2. Stem erect. Leaves slightly cordate at the base, ovate, kei]. Flowers panicled. Fruit opening by 4 valves at the top. — Species 1. South Africa (Cape Colony). Used medicinally. . . . . Villarsia Vent. Stem floating or creeping. Leaves deeply cordate at the base. Flowers ._fascicled. Fruit bursting irregularly or remaining closed. — Species 9. .Tropical and South Africa. Some have edible roots or serve as ornamental or medicinal plants. . «. . . Limnanthemum Gmel. 3. Stem and leaves reddish. Leaves reduced to scales. Flowers solitary, terminal. Corolla salver-shaped, 5-lobed, yellow or blue. Anthers included. Pollen-grains with a single pore. Ovary. I-celled. Stigma entire. Ovules straight. Seeds with» a very scanty albumen. — ‘Species 2. West Africa. (Under Voyria Aubl.) [Tribe LEIPHAIM- BABA u 99 2 . 0 „0 Leiphaimos Cham. & Schlechtd. Stem and leaves green. weave well developed, rarely very small, but then flowers in cymes. Pollen-grains with 3 pores. Ovules inverted. Seeds with copiousalbumen.. . . . . Bun OA 4. Pollen-grains connected in groups of four, desea on the sivitade: Calyx 4-toothed, with a winged tube. Corolla funnel-shaped, 4lobed. Fila- ‘ments inserted on the‘upper part of the corolla-tube, winged at the base. 43° Io. II. 12. 199. GENTIANACEAE Ovary 1-celled. Stigma 2-partite. — Species 1. West Africa. Used medicinally. [Tribe HELIEAF.] . . . . . Schultesia Mart. Pollen-grains separate. [Tribe GENTIANEAE.}] . . . . . «. § . Ovary completely 2-celled. Pollen-grains verysmall. . . . . . 6 Ovary I-celled, sometimes ial 2-celled. Pollen-grains rather large: ı: 6 ss 9 . Anthers opening ri BER, pores high are Fars pa Dre into slits, without glands, exserted. Filaments inserted at the throat of the corolla or somewhat lower. Corolla violet, pink, or white, with a short and wide tube. Calyx winged. — Species 12. Tropics. Used as orna- mental plants. . . . eS Exasım I. Anthers opening by roiipttuiditial shite. Hearty aways with I—4 small glands at the base or the apex. Corolla a with a more or less elongated tube. . . gl «ete nn . Anthers projecting beyond the era cae Filaments inserted in the sinuses between the corolla-lobes. — Species 80. South Africa and tropics. Some are used medicinally. Poe C25) SS GaGa, ae Anthers concealed within the corolla- tube. Filaments inserted in the corolla- tube. Flowers5-merous. . . . oes . Filaments inserted in the lower part of the role " Cal not winged. Small plants with small flowers. — Species 1. South Africa (Cape Colony). (Under Sebaea R. Br) . . . . . Lagenias E. Mey. Filaments inserted in the middle or the upper part of the corolla-tube, Calyx winged. Flowers rather large. — Species 30. Tropical and South Africa. (Parasia Rafın., including Exochaenium Griseb., under Sebasa R. Br.) +.) +. . . . Belmontia E. Mey. . Ovary divided into saints calls by hd intrusion of the placentas. Stigma more or less distinctly 2-lobed. Stamens5. . . . . . I0 Ovary completely one-celled with little intruding placentas... . 12 Anthers more or less twisted after flowering. Pollen-grains ee — Species 6. North Africa and northern Central Africa. Used as medicinal or ornamental plants. . . . . . Erythraea L. C. Rich. Anthers erect or bent back after re Pollen-grains tubercled or netted. Calyx with small scaleson theinside.. . . . ; II Corolla yellow ; tube short, glabrous within. Anthers oxtentads plete grains tubercled. Leaves stem-clasping. Flowers in many-flowered panicles with large bracts. — Species I. Canary Islands. Ixanthus Griseb. Corolla white or red ; tube long, with 5 small scales on the inside. Anthers | included. Pollen-grains netted. Flowers solitary or in few-flowered cymes. — Species 9. Madagascar. Some are poisonous or are used in medicine. . .. tn: Tachiadenus Griseb. Corolla with I—2 Bioaulos octane PR: the base of each segment ; tube very short. Stamens 4—5. Pollen-grains tubercled. — Species 35. Tropical and South Africa. Some are used medicinally. Sweertia L 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. IQ. 20. 199. GENTIANACEAE 431 Corolla without nectaries, but sometimes with scales at the insertion of the stamens. Pollen-grains smooth or dotted.. . . . ae aS Corolla with distinctly unequal segments and ira more rarely contorted aestivation, white or red. Stamens 4, inserted at different heights on the corolla-tube, usually one only perfect. Pollen-grains smooth. Stigma 2-lobed. — Species 3. Tropics. Used medicinally. Canscora Lam. Corolla. with equal or subequal segments and contorted aestivation. . 14 Fertile stamen I, staminodes 3; all inserted in the sinuses between the corolla-lobes. Pollen-grains smooth. Corolla yellow, with a short tube. Stigma 2-lobed. Stem 4-angled or winged. Leaves very small, decurrent along the stem. Flowers in dense cymes. - Species I. Southern West Africa (Angola). (Under Canscora Lam.) Schinziella Gilg Fertile stamens 3—8, rarely more. . . a pe. res Flowers 6—8-merous, rarely Lhe eae Cordilk Yale. with a short tube. Pollen-grains smooth. Stigma 2-parted with deeply notched branches. Flowers in lax cymes. — Species 2. North-west Africa. Used as ornamental or medicinal plants. . . . . . Chiora IL. Flowers 3—5-merous. Stigma entire or 2-parted with entire branches. 16 Flowers 3-merous. Sepals very unequal. Corolla with a long tube, usually blue. Stamens inserted at the throat ; filaments with a swelling at the base. Stigma 2-parted. Flowers crowded in heads. — Species 3. Southern Central Africa. . . I Fe Gilg Flowers 4—5-merous. Sepals not very nee er FRE Flowers 4-merous. Anthers ovate, rarely oblong. Pollen-grains smooth. Herbs. SOIT um. wolsd. Bettis 2hatske Flowers 5-merous. eat eier or dank 0 du) SRL cob Stamens inserted below the middle of the corolla- ER Calyx 8-—12- ribbed. Corolla with a narrow tube. Stigma 2-lobed. Dwarf herbs. Flowers solitary or paired in the leaf-axils, sometimes forming racemes or corymbs. — Species 8. Central Africa. . . Neurotheca Salisb. Stamens inserted at the throat of the corolla. Anthers ovate Flowers STE US eee “lag Flowers in dense a ewe hd 16 din “andl oz sige’ the middle. Corolla with 4 scales at the throat. — Species 10. Central and South Africa. Some are used medicinally. . . Faroa Welw. Flowers in lax cymes. Coralia without scales at the throat. Dwarf herbs; ic.) is 1 « 20 Stem much Be tied. Calyx deals EN Garde si a long tube and broad lobes. Stigma 2-parted. — Species ı. North-west Africa (Algeria). . . 4 Cicendia Adans. Stem not or lie Sched, ae ee peated. Corolla with a rather long tube and narrow segments. Stigma entire or notched. — Species 1. North-west Africa. . . . Mierocala Link & Hofimsg 432 100. GENTIANACEAE — 200. APOCYNACEAE 21. Filaments with a double scale at the base, inserted at the middle of the corolla-tube. Anthers included, not twisted. Pollen-grains smooth. Cordlla-tube long. Stigma entire. Flowers small, in axillary! fascicles. Herbs. — Species 3. Tropical and South-east Africa. Used ‘medicinal- ly. (Hippion Spreng.) . .: ae tan Enicostemma Blume Filaments without a scale at the ase. Anthers usually exserted and twisted after flowering. Flowers in usually lax cymes or solitary . 22 22. Stigma 2-lobed or 2: “patted. Pollen-grains medium-sized, smooth. Herbs. ow) ,, . seh RD Erythraea L. C. Rich. Stigma entire. Polten-gräins very mae dotted. Corolla-tube rather ite Pees er 2a, DV 23. Calyx with blunt, not Pose probe Glands between calyx and corolla present. Corolla red. Stamens inserted at the throat of the corolla. Hairy shrubs. Flowers large, in terminal cymes. — Species 1. South Africa (Cape Colony).. Used as an ornamental plant. Orphium E. Mey. Calyx with pointed, usually keeled segments. Glands between calyx and corolla absent. — Species 40. South Africa, southern Central Africa, and Malagasy Islands. Some species serve as ornamental plants. (In- cluding Plocandra E. Mey.) (Plate 128.) . . . Chironia L. FAMILY 200. APOCYNACEAE . Usually woody plants. Juice milky. Leaves. entire, usually penni- nerved with closely arranged, parallel primary side-nerves, generally opposite. Flowers with bracteoles, usually panicled, regular or nearly so, 5-, very rarely 4-merous, hermaphrodite. Calyx imbricate in bud, usually deeply divided. Petals united below, with contorted aestivation. Stamens as many as the petals, inserted in the tube or at the throat of the corolla. . Filaments free, short. Anthers opening inwards by two longitudinal slits, sometimes.adhering to the stigma.. Pollen granular. Ovary superior, more rarely half-inferior, I—2- celled, ‘or 2, rarely (Pleiocarda) 3—5 separate ovaries. Ovules 2 or more in each cell, rarely solitary, pendulous, inverted.. Style simple or divided at the base, thickened at the apex, bearing the stigmas on the under-surface of the thickened part (stigmatic or stylar head), and sometimes two-lobed above it. Seeds usually albuminous and provided with a wing or a tuft of hairs. — Genera 61, species 450. (Plate 129.) . Stamens closely connected with the stigmatic head.’ Anthers. nologies - at the base into empty tails. Corolla-lobes usually overlapping to the right. Fruit dry, dehiscent. Seeds usually with a tuft of hairs. [Sub- family ECHITIDOIDEAE. | PD, : i eas hy Stamens free or loosely cohering with the eeigtiiatic Heal Anthörs without ‘tails, full of pollen to the base, more rarely prolonged into tails, but then fruit fleshy and most frequentlyindehiscent. Corolla-lobes usually over- lapping to the left. Seeds usually without a tuft of hairs. {Subfamily “"PEUMEEROTIDERE.) 60-6 «40 7h 8D | Cote To. 200. APOCYNACEAE 433 . Anthers projecting beyond the mouth of the corolla-tube. [Tribe PAR- SONSIEAE.)] Auer 3 Anthers ‚entirely or for the ee par ed klin the cope tutie PiribesECHITIDEAE.) . . ss 7 . Calyx without glands; segments blunt. Searle siti, a very a tube without scales ; segments overlapping to the right. Filaments twisted around the style. Disc cupular, irregularly crenate. Twining shrubs. — Species 1. West Africa (Congo). . . . . . Dewevrella De Wild. Calyx with glands on the inside. Disc 5-lobed or wanting. . . >. 42 . Disc 5-lobed. Calyx with 5—ıo glands. Corolla white, sails 5—10 confluent scales at the throat; segments overlapping to the right. Seeds glabrous. Trees or erect shrubs, glabrous. — Species 1. Northern West Africa. : ay haat CR pee peor and Disc absent. Seeds tains yee oh) CAKE TUE . Calyx with pointed segments anda 10—20 Pe Corolla glabrous at the throat ; segments unequal-sided, overlapping to the right. Seeds with a terminal and a smaller basal tuft of hairs. Twining shrubs. — Species 3. West Africa. ; a es Isonema R. Br. Calyx with blunt segments a pues eee Corolla nearly always with scales at the throat ; segments overlapping to the left. Erect shrubs ii in 0 cate IS Biers Aen ae Kia . Flowers small. Seeds covered all over with long hairs densest at the base. — Species 5. West Africa. (Under Wrightia R. Br.) Pleioceras Baill. Flowers rather large. Seeds provided at the base with a deciduous tuft of hairs. —Species3. South-east Africaand Madagascar. Wrightia R. Br. . Leaves alternate. Stem succulent. Flowers subsessile. Calyx without glands, with subulate or lanceolate segments. Corolla usually funnel- shaped ; segments overlapping to the right. Ovary er so Laie Leaves opposite or whorled. Stem woody. . Leaves with 2 or more spines at their base or in their ging is 5-lobed or replaced by 2—5 glands. Seeds with a tuft of hairs at the apex. — Species 15. Madagascar, South Africa, and Angola. Pachypodium Lindl. Leaves and stem without spines. Corolla red. Disc none. Seeds with a tuft of hairs at either end. Flowers large, in few-flowered cymes. — Species 13. Central and South Africa. Some species yield an arrow- poison. (Idaneum O. Ktze.) . . . Adenium Roem. & Schult. . Corolla with separate or confluent scales at the throat. . . . Io Corolla naked at the throat, but sometimes with scales or weilnbs lower downinthetube. . . 16 Scales at the throat of the eoroita dnited into a tübalar; I5- lerlärte corona. Corolla salver-shaped, the segments overlapping to the left. Calyx with- out glands. Ovary superior. Seeds with a basal tuft of hairs. Erect shrubs. Flowers small. — Species ı. East Africa. Stephanostema K. Schum. 2E 434 11T, I2. 8 14. 15. 200. APOCYNACEAE Scales at the throat of the corolla free or slightly united at the base. Corolla- segments nearly always overlapping to the right. Ovary almost superior EL RERRE ER Yd wie) Jeo ao SRG ; u Oe Corolla salver-shaped with 5 entire scales at the throat. ‘Calyx without glands, rarely with 5 small glands within. Filaments inserted on the lower part of the corolla-tube. Disc cup-shaped, 5-lobed or 5-parted. Twining shrubs. Leaves opposite, without axillary glands. Flowers small. — Species 12. Tropical and South-east Africa. Oneinotis Benth. Corolla funnel-shaped, with 5 divided scales at the throat. hee with usually numerous glands within. Discnone. . . . . 4 12 Corolla with laciniate scales at the throat, and with broad, not t tailed seg- ments, white or red. Anthers with a tailed connective. Mericarps at first cohering, subsequently divergent. Seeds with an apical tuft of hairs. Erect shrubs or low trees. Leaves whorled, narrow, densely veined. Flowers large. — Species 1 (N. Oleander L.). North Africa. A poisonous plant yielding wood and medicaments and used as an ornamental plant. . . . N ecb ahos-~ Nerium L. Corolla with bipartite scales at ene throat, aa with usually tailed segments. Mericarps divaricate, ultimately spreading horizontally. Seeds with a basal tuft of hairs and a long apical awn. Leaves usually opposite, with axillary glands. — Species 35. Tropical and South Africa. Some species yield vegetable silk, poisons, and medicaments, or serve as orna- mental plants. (Including Roupellia Baill. and Zygonerion Baill.) Strophanthus P. DC. Corolla bell-, pitcher-, or funnel-shaped, usually small and with scales in the tube. Calyx-segments with 3—5 glands or without glands at the base. Twining shrubs. . . . a RT | Sgt ae Corolla salver-shaped and more or ea Pe eta at the mouth, usually large and without scalesinthetube.. . . . . .* DR Calyx and corolla very large; corolla white, with a Daran tube, the segments short and overlapping to the right. Filaments thickened above. Anthers acuminate. Disc cupular, lobed. Stigmatic head conical. Leaves with distant nerves and axillary glands. Flowers in terminal cymes. — Species 1. Naturalized in Madagascar. Eeaumontia Wall. Calyx and corolla small or medium-sized ; in the latter case corolla-segments long. Leaves with distant nerves but without ih or with closely set nerves and with axillary glands. . . . of ye Hee Corolla-segments overlapping to the left ; pegs very Bo with Io longi- tudinal ridges. Anthers very shortly tailed. Disc none Ovules 4 in each carpel. Leaves closely nerved, with small, axillary glands. — Species 2. Equatorial West Africa. . . . Pyenobotrya Benth. Corolla-segments overlapping to the right. Disc cupular. Ovules numer- ous in each carpel. Leaves remotely nerved, without axillary glands. 16 200. APOCYNACEAE 435 16, Anthers with blunt, reflexed tails at the base and a small, feathery mucro at the apex. Corolla white or yellow ; tube with 5 longitudinal ridges inside, without scales or swellings. Stigmatic head spindle-shaped, with 2 narrow lobes. Seeds with an apical tuft of hairs. — Species 5. West Africa and equatorial Lake-region. One species yields rubber. Motandra A. DC. Anthers with pointed, almost straight tails at the base and without an apical mucro. Corolla-tube Din with scales or ne above the insertion ofthe stamens. . . . u ie: iy 17. Flowers in dense axillary cymes, inconspicuous. € a ee as long as or shorter than the tube, broad. Stigmatic head conical, crowned by a 2-cleft point. — Species 5. Central Africa. . . . Zygodia Benth. Flowers in terminal and axillary panicles or corymbs, more rarely in few- flowered cymes. Corolla-lobes as long as or longer than the tube, usually narrow. Stigmatic head campanulate. Seeds with an apical tuft of hairs. — Species 20. West Africa and Madagascar. One species yields rubber. (Including Codonura K. Schum., Guerkea K. Schum., and Perinerion Baill.) Sere eT RATT aioe, tater, naka? EIER ER 18. Calyx with 5 glands inside the oe Disc none. Twining shrubs. Stipules “sally present: . . . h N: Calyx with numerous glands hata the Babe Free! NBS or trees. Sulpules absent, .... 2. 9 . worse re", 19. Ovary I, entire, more or less ie 2- SIGE — Re: I. West Africa. (Under Alafia Thouars). ‘ : Holalafia Stapf Ovaries 2, free. — Species 15. Tropics. (rnb Ectinocladus Benth.) Alafia Thouars 20. Corolla-lobes overlapping to the left. Calyx with unequal segments. Disc absent. Ovary 1, two-celled. — Species 1. Madagascar. Ochronerium Baill. Corolla-lobes overlapping to the right. Disc present. Ovaries 2, free. 21 21. Flowers in many-flowered, axillary cymes. Corolla fleshy, white or yellowish ; segments not folded in the bud. Stigmatic head ovoid. Mericarps oblong or spindle-shaped. Seeds with a feathery, basal awn. — Species 3. Central Africa. One of them (F. elastica Stapf, Ireh-tree) yields rubber (Lagos-rubber). (Under Kickxia Blume) Funtumia Stapf Flowers solitary or in few-flowered fascicles. Corolla not fleshy, usually red; segments folded lengthwise in the bud. Stigmatic head oblong. Mericarps linear. Seeds with an apical tuft of hairs. — Species 30. Madagascar and East Africa. Some of the species yield timber and rubber. ae . . Masearenhasia A. DC. 22. (1.) Carpels united throughout thett wröle we eu ARDUI- REAR Henn, 23 Carpels only partly ee ovaries wholly PES or in hea en me lanl! styles usually free at the base. [Tribe PEOMIERREAT] 29 033 436 200. APOCYNACEAE 23. Ovary t-celled, sometimes incompletely 2-celled. [Subtribe LANDOL- PER eine ee ee Ovary completely 2-celled. [Subtribe MELODININAE.] WE 24. Corolla funnel-shaped, large, yellow ; tube cylindric below, much widened above. Disc ring-shaped. Calyx without glands. Stamens inserted somewhat below the mouth of the corolla-tube. Fruit a woody, spinous, 2-valved capsule. Seeds winged, with fleshy albumen. Erect shrubs. — Species 1. Naturalized in the tropics. An ornamental and medicinal SE Fee fre ete ne AR Si ee REES Allamanda L. Corolla salver-shaped ; tube more or less cylindric. Disc none. Fruit MPU eo a tae) LS RL DO URS» DO han 25. Anthers tailed at the base. Stamens inserted in the middle of the corolla- tube. Calyx small, with 5 small glands within. Ovary incompletely 2-celled. Style short. Seeds with fleshy, ruminate albumen. Erect shrubs or trees. — Species 5. West Africa. Used medicinally. (Iboga 2,2209 ee a . . . Tabernanthe Baill. Anthers not tailed. Calyx small and without glands inside, or large and with numerous glands within. Seeds with horny albumen. Twining shrubs, more rarely erect shrubs or undershrubs. . . . . . . 26 26. Stamens inserted near the mouth of the corolla-tube. Style long, usually hairy. Calyx without glands. — Species 35. Central Africa. Some species yield rubber and edible fruits. (Including Sclerodictyon Pierre) Carpodinus R. Br. Stamens inserted near the base or the middle of the corolla-tube. Style short or rather short, usually glabrous. . . . . . 2 7 ps 27. Calyx large, with numerous filiform glands within, spreading or bent back in the fruit. Corolla fleshy. Placentas much projecting. Pericarp woody. Flowers in terminal panicles. — Species 1. West Africa (Congo). (Under Landolphia Beauv.) RANGE: Vahadenia Stapf Calyx small, without glands on the inside. . ee 28. Flowers in axillary, or axillary and terminal cymes. Ovules 12—1I6 ; placentas much projecting. Glabrous plants. — Species 25. Central Africa. Several species yield rubber. (Including Aphanostylis Pierre and Cylindropsis Pierre). (Plate 129.) . . Clitandra Benth. Flowers in terminal panicles or corymbs sometimes overtopped by barren shoots and then apparently lateral. — Species 45. Tropical and South Africa. Several species yield rubber, dyes, and edible fruits, from which drinks are prepared. (Pacourea Aubl., including Ancylobothrys Pierre and Vahea Lam.) . . . . . . . Landolphia Beauv. 29. (23.) Carpels cohering along the ventral suture only. Ovules numerous, in several rows. Stigmatic head glabrous. Stamens inserted in the upper half of the corolla-tube. Fruit usually of 2 spreading berries. Trees. Leaves opposite, with numerous axillary glands. Flowers in 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35- 36. 37: 200. APOCYNACEAE 437 terminal false umbels. — Species 1. West Africa. (Under Taber- REN. OS.) RE Picralima Pierre Bunels woolly connate. Fruit entire iy tee. rg 230 Ovules numerous in each cell, in several rows. Disc none. Stamens inserted in the lower half of the corolla-tube. Calyx without glands. Fruit a capsule. Seeds ciliate. Erect shrubs. Leaves whorled. — Species 1. Madagascar. . . f FHS Craspidosperma Boj. Ovules I—Ioin each cell, in one or en A nr” N Cw OK Stamens inserted in the lower half of the corolla-tube. Anthers linear. Calyx-tube with many glands inside. Disc ring-shaped Stigmatic head cylindrical. Unarmed, climbing shrubs.—Species 1. West Africa (ongo)pieii es. ite Cyclocotyla Stapf Stamens inserted in the upper half atl fire urate tube. Stigmatic head crowned by a hairy point. Fruit a berry. Leaves opposite, with a few axillary elands or without glands.: 1. 1 2a, u ii. 32 Stem unarmed, erect, woody. Bark bitter, poisonous. Inflorescences axillary. Ovules 1—2 in each ovary-cell. — Species 4. Tropical and South Africa. They yield arrow-poison and are used as ornamental plants. (Toxicophloea Harv.) . . at. Acocanthera Don Stem spinous. Bark not bitter nor ne Inflorescences terminal or pseudo-axillary. — Species 12. Tropical and South Africa. Some species yield timber, edible fruits, and medicaments, or serve as hedge plants. (Arduina Mill., Carandas Adans) . .. . Carissa L. Beianles 2 6in each Carpel. 1,5%. Vo PO aT TEN 34 Baar ormiote in each carpel. :: “>. RIM ie, RUE. 42 Placentas much projecting. Fruit drupaceous. Trees or shrubs. [Sub- tribe CERBERINAE.] . . VRR. Placentas little projecting. BR io Be acie 2 Er left. Leaves opposite or whorled. [Subtribe RAUWOLFIINAE.] AR re Corolla without scales at the throat ; segments overlapping to the right. Calyx-segments blunt, imbricate in bud. Anthers pointed. Leaves opposite or: whorled. — Species 1. Madagascar and neighbouring islands. Yields timber, dyes, and medicaments. ’ Ochrosia Juss. Corolla with scales at the throat ; segments overlapping to the left. Calyx- segments pointed. Leavesalternate. . . . i Sen GG Calyx with many glands. Corolla yellow. Disc HERE, Ovules 2 in a carpel. — Species 1 (Th. Hal Juss.). Cultivated in the tropics. mre seeds yield:oil. 2% u" oThevetia L. Calyx without glands. Corolla vine or en Disc absent. Ovules 4 minavearpels ti...) WEB helzı ner 39 Calyx-segments TR at a — imbricate in bud, persistent. Corolla-tube slightly widened at the throat. Anthers blunt. Pericarp not fibrous. — Species 1. Madagascar. Yields timber and poison. Tanghinia Thouars 438 38. 39: > © 4I. 42. 43. 200. APOCYNACEAE Calyx-segments narrowed at the base, open in bud, deciduous. Corolla- tube constricted at the throat. Anthers pointed. Pericarp fibrous. — Species 1. Madagascar and DEE islands. Yields oil, poison, and medicaments... . . . «ose Corberay TA Ovules 4—6 in a carpel, in two rows. Disc abd lane of the calyx obscure or wanting. Seeds with ruminate albumen. Leaves remotely-nerved, usually whorled. — Species 4. Madagascar. (Gynopogon Forst.) Alyxia R. Br. Ovules 2—4 in a carpel, in one row. Seeds with uniform albumen or without albumen. Leaves usually closely-nerved. . . . a Disc distinctly developed, cup-shaped. Calyx without glands at the base. Stigmatic head short-cylindrical with a membranous margin at the base. Fruit drupaceous. Seeds with a fleshy albumen. Leaves with numerous axillary glands, usually whorled. — Species 25. Tropical and South Africa. Some species yield timber and medicaments. Rauwolfia L. Disc obscure or wanting. Anthers pointed. Leaves with hardly per- ceptible axillary glands or without glands. . . . 6. as, 0. Calyx with glands at the base. Stigmatic head elliptical, en in a 2- cleft point. Fruit berry- or nut-like. Seeds with a cartilaginous albu- men. Trees. Leaves opposite. Flowers in terminal panicles. — Species. 2/1 Genial Amiea:t. "cr Bang? Ft Hunteria Roxb. Calyx without basal glands. . . . ; | A ar Stigmatic head depressed-capitate, sais in a 2- cleft aie Carpels 2. Mericarps leathery or woody, dehiscent. Seeds winged, exalbuminous ; embryo with kidney-shaped cotyledons and a short radicle. Leaves opposite. Flowers in terminal panicles. — Species 5. Central Africa. One species yields a kind of rubber or resin used as a varnish. Diplorrhynehus Welw. Stigmatic head oblong-ellipsoid, without a distinct point. Carpels 2—5. Mericarps berry-like. Seeds not winged, with cartilaginous albumen ; embryo with oblong cotyledons and a long radicle. Flowers in axillary, rarely pseudo-terminal fascicles or panicles. — Species 13. Central Africa. One species yields a kind of rubber, another a poison. Pleiocarpa Benth. (33-) Calyx with glands at the base. Fruit succulent, usually indehiscent. {Subtribe TABERNAEMONTANINAE. | Ba x helanas us, a7 0 2.5 Ur COS Calyx without basal glands, rarely (Holarrhena) the inner sepals with glands, the outer without. Fruit aig usually dehiscent. [Subtribe ALSTON- IINAE. | ee 77° ue Stigmatic head with a (ually ring- shaped appendage at the Bae Per: more or less sagittate.. . es Stigmatic head without a all Eee is ihc shortly 2-lobed at the base. Sepals free or nearly so. Corolla-lobes overlapping to the left. i re rene. ree eee Re 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 200. APOCYNACEAE 439 . Sepals united high up, obtuse, usually deciduous. Stamens inserted above the middle of the corolla-tube. Anthers deeply sagittate. Disc usually distinctly developed. Inflorescences terminal. — Species 15. Tropical and South-east Africa. (Orchipeda Blume, Piptolaena Harv., under Tabernaemontana L.). . . . 2 «+. « . Voaeanga Thouars Sepals free or nearlyso. . . ; ” AS Corolla-lobes overlapping to tts ie Sianians Geerted in the middle of the corolla-tube. Anther-halves pointed at the base. Disc adnate to the ovary for the greatest part. Ovules about 9 in a cell, in two rows. Mericarps striped, dehiscent. Shrubs. Leaves exstipulate. Flowers small. — Species ı. East Africa. Used medicinally. Schizozygia Baill. Corolla-lobes overlapping to the left. Disc free or wanting. Leaves SuDuktleer. oo. : 2.20 Corolla-tube slightly Bidet abate the on of the en hithers obtusely 2-lobed at the base. Disc ring-shaped. Shrubs. Flowers large, white. — Species 6. West Africa. (Under Tabernaemontana L.\ Callichilia Stapf Corolla-tube gradually narrowed above the insertion of the stamens. Anthers distinctly sagittate. Disc wanting. . . 47 Corolla-tube slender or widened at the base ; stamens indeed near tts ne Climbing shrubs. Leaves without ie glands. — Species 8. West Africa to the Great Lakes. (Under Tabernaemontana L.) Gabunia K. Schum. Corolla-tube widened and bearing thestamens at the middle. Trees or erect shrubs. Leaves usually with numerous axillary glands. — Species 35: Tropical and South Africa. Some species yield timber, fibres, rubbet edible fruits, or medicaments, or serve as ornamental plants; some are poisonous. (Under Tabernaemontana L.) Conopharyngia Don Corolla bell- or funnel-shaped ; tips of the lobes not bent inwards in the bud. Disc ring-shaped, adnate to the ovary. . . 49 Corolla salver-shaped ; tips of the lobes bent ee in En aan ee 1150) ae . 50 Narrow part of ihe fe ihe Hine a er nal nor ns an involucre. Undershrubs with a creeping root-stock. — Species I. Equatorial West Africa (Cameroons) . . . Caloerater K. Schum. Narrow part of the corolla-tube long. Bracts large, forming an involucre. Erect or twining shrubs. — Species 2. Equatorial West Africa (Gaboon). Crioceras Pierre Stigmatic head globose, entire, without an apical point. Mericarps 3- winged, not or tardily dehiscent. Erect shrubs. Axillary glands and stipules present. Flowers small, in terminal few-flowered cymes. — Species 1. Equatorial West Africa. (Under Tabernaemontana L.) Pterotaberna Stapf Stigmatic head oblong, crowned by a 2-cleft point. . . . . . «. 5I 440 51. 52. 53. 55- 56. 57: 200. APOCYNACEAE Anthers linear, on short but distinct filaments. Axillary glands and stipules present. — Species 2, one a native of Madagascar, the other naturalized in the tropics. Ornamental plants. (Under Tabernae- montana Tay 9h. eC Be Ervatamia Stapf Anthers oblong or ovate, sessile. Aal glands and stipules absent. — Species 2. West Africa. youn: ee R. Br. or Picralima Pierre) . . cer Polyadoa Stapf (42.) Disc Ailiibed to two 3a aa with the carpels. Ovules in two rows. Herbs or undershrubs. Flowers solitary, axillary. . . 53 Disc ring-shaped or wanting. Shrubsortrees. . . . . . . . 54 Stamens inserted at the middle of the corolla-tube ; filament inflexed ; connective broadened, hairy. Stigmatic head with 5 tufts of hairs. Corolla blue. — Species 2, one a native of North-west Africa, the other naturalized there and in the Islands of St. Helena and Ascension. Used as ornamental and medicinal plants. ‘‘ Periwinkle.” ._/» Wines LT. Stamens inserted in the upper part of the corolla-tube ; filament very short, oblong; connective glabrous, not broadened. Stigmatic head glabrous. Corolla white or pink. — Species 3; two natives of Madagascar, the other one naturalized in Tropical and South Africa. They are used as ornamental and medicinal plants. (Under Vinca L.) Lochnera Reichb. . Disc distinct, wavy, adnate to the ovary. Corolla funnel-shaped. Stamens inserted below the middle of the corolla-tube. Anthers with long, curved tails. Erect shrubs. Leaves opposite. — Species 2. East atica.~ „Ole TEs . . . Carvalhoa K. Schum. Disc obscure or absent. Corolla Bie a tea Anthers with short tails or without tails. . . . . e x aay Ovary half-inferior. Style very es Cav iobes bie ‘Siac inserted in the lower part of the corolla-tube. Seeds winged. Leaves alternate, exstipulate, without axillary glands. Erect shrubs or trees. — Species 3. Cultivated and sometimes naturalized in the tropics. They yield timber, perfumes, medicaments, and edible fruits, and serve also as ornamental plants. (Plumeria Willd.) . . . . Plumiera L. Ovary superior. Leaves opposite or whorled. . . . . . . . 56 Corolla with a short ventricose tube and with 5 scales at the throat. Ovules in two rows. Mericarps keeled or winged, long cohering. Twining shrubs. Leaves opposite. — Species 5. Madagascar. Some are poisonous or yield rubber and medicaments. Plectaneia Thouars Corolla with a long, cylindric tube slightly widened at the insertion of the stamens, without scales, but sometimes with hairs or with a continuous ring at the throat. Ovules usually in threeormorerows.. . . . 57 Corolla with a tubercled ring at the throat. Stamens inserted in the upper part of the corolla-tube. Stigmatic head conical, with a membranous APOCYNACEAE, FLOW. PL. AFR, . 129. tage y iv, NG ag Sit Seana ; AR) 2 (a er AB % dus \ Sr A J. Fleischmann del Clitandra Arnoldiana De Wild. A Flowering branch, B Flower C Flower cut lengthwise. D Cross-section of ovary, ASCLEPIADACEAE, FLOW. PL. AFR Pl. 136 J. Fleischmann del. Tacazzea venosa (Hochst.) Decne. A Flowering branch. B Flower cut lengthwise (a erences b Bela eetrien)e C Corolla-segment and corona-lobes, D Fruit. Deed. 200. APOCYNACEAE — 201. ASCLEPIADACEAE 441 margin at the base. Small trees. Leaves opposite. Flowers in terminal, many-flowered panicles. — Species 1. Madagascar. Stephanostegia Baill. Corolla without a ring, but sometimes with a crown of hairs at the throat. 58 58. Corolla-lobes overlapping to the right. Calyx-segments narrow. Stamens inserted in the lower part of the corolla-tube. Seeds with an apical tuft of hairs. Trees or erect shrubs. Leaves opposite, herbaceous, exstipulate. — Species 6. Tropics. Some of them yield timber or medicaments. oats A I ne ee Oar nena R.Br. Corolla-lobes overlapping to the left 59 59. Stamens inserted at the base of the corolla-tube. Anthers with short, pointed tails at the base. Twining shrubs. Leaves opposite, stipulate. without axillary glands. (See 46.) . . . . Gabunia K. Schum, Stamens inserted at the middle or in the upper part of the corolla-tube. Pe EMACOURTAILEC,: 4... 134 Kir po Rect, af). OO 60. Stamens inserted about the middle of the corolla-tube. Anthers acuminate. Stigmatic head elliptical. Seeds winged. Twining shrubs. Leaves opposite. Flowers in lateral, few-flowered cymes. — Species 2. Mada- Bascat and Comoro Islands.. . . _.S#ajclaret Ellertonia Wight Stamens inserted in the upper part of the corolla-tube. Erect shrubs. Leaves whorled. Flowers in terminal cymesor panicles... . . . 61 61. Ovules in two rows. Corolla yellow, glabrous at the throat ; lobes auricled at the base. Seeds winged. Leaves with few or obscure side-nerves. Flowers in few-flowered cymes. — Species I. South Africa. Yields timber and an aromatic oil . . . . . . Gonioma E. Mey. Ovules in 3 or more rows. Seeds hairy. Leaves with numerous side- nerves. Flowers in many-flowered, whorled panicles. — Species I. Central Africa. Poisonous and yielding cork-wood, a guttapercha-like resin, and medicaments. “ua ae zer, ge Alstonia R. Br. FAMILY 201. ASCLEPIADACEAE Stem usually twining and woody at the base. Juice mostly milky. Leaves simple, without stipules, usually opposite, sometimes reduced to scales. Flowers with bracts and bracteoles, regular, hermaphrodite, 5-merous. Sepals free or nearly so, imbricate in bud. Petals united below, with contorted or valvate aestivation. Stamens 5, usually adnate to the style. Filaments short or wanting. Pollen-grains united in waxy masses or in granules of 3—5 grains. Corona formed of appendages of the petals or stamens, rarely wanting. Disc none. Ovaries 2, free, superior, rarely half-inferior, with many pendulous inverted ovules on a ventral placenta, very rarely (Emicocarpus) with I—2 ovules. Styles 2, united above into a thickened, sometimes 2-parted head bearing on its under surface 5 stigmatic dots and on its flanks between the anthers 5 small, usually horny bodies (‘ pollen-carriers ’’) to which the pollen is 442 201. ASCLEPIADACEAE attached. Fruit of one or two follicles. Seeds usually with a tuft of hairs and scanty albumen. Embryo with flat cotyledons and a short radicle.— Genera 118, species 1100. (Including PERIPLOCACEAE), (Plate 130.) 1. Pollen in loosely cohering granules formed of 3—5 grains each. Pollen- carriers spoon- or trumpet-shaped, consisting of the concave blade holding the pollen, the stalk, and the adhesive gland at its base. Fila- ments usually free. [Subfamily PERIPLOCOIDEAE, tribe PERI- PROCEA®.).4, . .. ie 2s) Jee Pollen of each anther-half closely aides Mie I—2 waxy masses. Pollen- carriers not spoon- or trumpet-shaped, consisting of a central body and two lateral, rarely obsolete arms (“ caudicles ”) to which the pollen- masses are attached. Filaments nearly always united or wanting. [Subiamily CYNANCHOIDEAE.] .3 2.0.0: 4. See 2. Corona inserted on the stamens or at their base. . . : 3 Corona inserted on the corolla remote from the Make. ‘pat re decurrent nearly to theinsertion ofthestamens. . . . . . .. 16 3. Corona consisting of free scalesorthreads.. . . . 2 eb Corona consisting of scales or threads united at their ia ut dA ee 4. Goronaindistinct, consisting of minute scales...) ost a ew Goronmdisiinctly developed. .- = iit 2) ol@G Dk) See eee 5. Corona adnate to the filaments. Corolla-lobes oval. Anthers ovate- oblong. Leaves lanceolate. Flowers in dense, long-stalked cymes or panicles. — Species 2. East Africa. (Including Macropelma Schum. and Sacleuxia Baill.). . . aid, ME Gymnolaema Benth. Corona free from the filaments. Gnialia lolies linear-oblong. Anthers linear-oblong. Leaves orbicular. Flowers in lax cymes. — Species 1. Equatorial East Africa. . . Baseonema Schlecht. & Rendle 6. Corolla with valvate or almost valvate aestivation, divided nearly to the base. Calyx without glands. Corona-lobes broad, contiguous, usually with a linear, 2-cleft dorsal appendage. Stem twining. Leaves cordate, connected by a toothed stipular sheath. Inflorescences axillary. — Species 2. Central and South-east Africa. Used medicinally. Chlorocodon Hook. fil. Corolla with distinctly contorted aestivation. Sepals alternating with glands, very rarely without, but then stem erect. 7. Anthers hairy. Corona-lobes thread-like, sometimes bavealdued at ‘the base or cleft at the top. — Species 5. Some of them yield fibre, rubber, poison, or medicaments. (Including Parquetina Baill. and Socotora Patios atl gi os ana Waa OE Bey enlarz Periploca L. Anthers glabrous. a ah rarte to bei a 8. Stem woody, twining. irileh MRS, es ae axillary or on axillary dwarf-shoots. Corolla white, rotate, divided nearly to the base. Corona-lobes thread-like, 3-cleft. — Species 1. Equatorial East Africa. (Pleurostelma Schlecht., under Tacazzea Decne.) Schlechterella K. Schum. IO. LI, TZ 23. 14. 15. 201. ASCLEPIADACEAE 443 Stem herbaceous or woody at the base only, usually erect ; underground part tuberous. Corolla with a distinct tube, rarely divided nearly to the base, but then inflorescences terminal. — Species 30. Central and South Africa. Several species yield rubber. (Raphionacme Harv., including Gonocrypta Baill., Kompitsia Cost. et Gall., and Mafekingia Baill.) 0s 0.2 . de lan Raphiacnid Harv. . (3.) Corona indistinct, ee of minute scales. Corolla dark purple. Seeds hairy all round. Leaves oblong-cordate, connected by a large toothed stipular sheath. Flowers in axillary panicles. — Species 1. Equatorial West Africa. (Including Perithrix Pierre). Batesanthus N. E. Brown murpemeicimemy developed.’ x. ON PUR Gayo” To Corolla with valvate or almost valvate aestivation. . . . . . . II Corolla with distinctly contorted aestivation . . 13 Corona-lobes united high up, usually 10. Anthers with a leaf- like ie age at the top. Pollen-carriers at first hooded, subsequently spreading reniform. Flowers in axillary cymes. — Species 7. Madagascar and Mascarenes. Used medicinally. (Including Baroniella Cost. et Gall.) Camptocarpus Decne. Corona-lobes united at the base only, lanceolate, 5. Anthers with a small appendage or without any. Pollen-carriers spatulate or spoon-shaped. PE kw ee eg ee Corona-lobes rather blunt. Anthers ending in a membranous, trigonous appendage. Stigmatic head 5-angled. Flowers in few-flowered axillary cymes. — Species I. Island of Rodrigues. : Tanulepis Balf. fil. Corona-lobes tailed. Anthers without an appendage. Stigmatic head conical. Flowers solitary or 2—3 together. — Species I. Madagascar. Symphytonema Schlecht. Miners hairy. (See 7.) .. . ae Periploca L. Anthers glabrous. Corona- En 5, HER or Kerr Bde nd 14 Stigmatic head flat, 5-lobed. Corona-lobes shortly and ee two- cleit at the top. Corolla yellow. Flowers small, in axillary panicles. Leaves lanceolate. — Species 1. Madagascar. Harpanema Decne. Stigmatic head short-conical. Corona-lobes entire or divided into 2—3 BEE EERADENES. 5)» alien pri et ee RE ky Corona-lobes provided with 2 lateral teeth at the base ; no a ioteles within them. Pollen-carriers with an oval, entire Sa Ae Corolla greenish. Flowers large, in terminal cymes. Leaves oblong-obovate. — Species I. South-east Africa. (Under Raphionacme Harv,) . Chloroeyathus Oliv. Corona-lobes without basal teeth; 5 small lobules within them. Pollen- carriers with a notched blade. Flowers small, in axillary cymes or panicles. — Species 15. Central and South-east Africa. Some species are used medicinally, one of them produces a kind of rubber. (Including Fehtobaetia Harv.) (Plate 130.) «<./siltyle « Tacazzea Decne. 444 20I. ASCLEPIADACEAE 16. (2.) Corolla-tube as long as or longer than the segments. Corona-lobes awl-shaped. . . . 3 ee ke VRS Ss) elie Pe Corolla-tube shorter than ie rei ; ai ale 17. Sepals linear, without basal glands. Corolla ERLERNT wi scales at the throat. Anthers hairy, with a tailed connective. Ovary superior. Mericarps cylindrical, smooth. Leaves linear or lanceolate. — Species 2. South Africa::... . . . . Eetadium E. Mey. Sepals oval, with numerous baal dds Corolla funnel-shaped, red or violet, with scales in the tube. Anthers with an acute appendage. Ovary half-inferior. Mericarps ribbed lengthwise or winged. Leaves oblong to ovate. — Species 2. Madagascar and Mascarenes; also cultivated in Central Africa. They yield rubber, poison, and medica- ments, and serve as ornamental plants. . . . . Cryptostegia R. Br. 18. Corona double, the outer of 5 triangular, the inner of 5 obcordate scales. Filaments rather long. Anthers with a bristle-like point. — Species I. Central Africa. Sa a LS Ee Shes teeta Omphalogonus Baill. Coronasimple. . . RB: ı9. Corona-lobes 2-cleft, a er a Rolle, Ate chase Sepals acuminate, with toothed glands at the base. Anthers ending in a long, awl-shaped appendage. Leaves broad-ovate. Flowers in many- flowered panicles. — Species 1. Island of Socotra. (Socotranthus O. Kies UR eT: va Cochlanthus Balf. fil. Corona-lobes ave or 8 Bete uber hy 2 jell ee © 20. Corona-lobes three-cleft or broadened at i 2 elie eee Corona-lobes entire, not broadened at the base. . . 23 21. Filaments united below. Stigmatic head flat. aia bee ihres shaped. Erect shrubs or undershrubs. Leaves whorled or alternate, linear. Flowers in axillary cymes. — Species 1. Southern West Africa (Angola). (Under Tacazzea Decne.) . Ben Decne. Filaments free. Stigmatic head short-conical. . . . 22 22. Sepals blunt, with basal glands. Corolla bell-shaped, with narrow se Corona-lobes thread- or spindle-shaped. Erect shrubs. Leaves in clusters, linear. Flowers solitary. — Species 1. Island of Socotra. Mitolepis Balf. fil. Sepals pointed. Corona-lobes usually 3-cleft. Herbs or undershrubs ; underground part of the stem tuberous. Flowersincymes. (See 8.) Raphiacme Harv. 23. Corona-lobes short and broad, arising from the very short corolla-tube opposite the segments. Stem twining. — Species 1. Madagascar (Under Pentopetia Decne.) . . . . Pentopetiopsis Cost. & Gall. Corona-lobes long and narrow ay ied 01a 24. Corona-lobes thread-shaped. Sepals pointe Blowerd in BE 128 Corona-lobes club-shaped. Corolla bell- or wheel-shaped. . . . . 26 25. Corolla wheel-shaped. Anthers with a short mucro. Erect tuberous shrubs. Leaves whorled. — Species 1. Madagascar. Ischnolepis Jum. & Perr. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 201. ASCLEPIADACEAE 445 Corolla funnel-shaped. Anthers with a long ciliate process. Twining shrubs.— Species 10. Madagascar. Used medicinally ; one species yields rubber. (Under Tacazzea Decne.). . . Pentopetia Decne. Corona-lobes arising from the sinuses between the corolla-segments. Corolla bell-shaped, with oblong segments. Leaves opposite. Flowers in terminal and axillary cymes. — Species 1. South-east Africa to Lake Ngami. (Under Cryptolepis R. Br.) . Stomatostemma N. E. Brown Corona-lobes arising from the corolla-tube below the sinuses. . . . 27 Sepals pointed, lanceolate. Corolla bell-shaped with long and narrow seg- ments. Filaments unitedat the base. Pollen-carriers with an orbicular blade. Erect shrubs. Leaves in clusters. Flowers solitary or in pairs. — Species ı. South-west Africa to Angola. (Under Cryptolepis R. Br.) Curroria Planch. Sepals blunt. Corolla wheel-shaped. Pollen-carriers with a linear or oblong blade. Leaves scattered. Flowers in sometimes few-flowered mean panicles, (io... 42 \\. fo en > Corolla with long and narrow segments, beaked i in bud. Filaments united at the base. Anthers almost erect. Pollen-carriers linear. Stem twining. Inflorescences lax. — Species 15. Tropical and South Africa. One species yields a dye. (Including Acustelma Baill.). Cryptolepis R. Br. Corolla with oblong, rather short segments, hence not beaked in bud. Filaments free. Anthersinflexed. Pollen-carriers with an oblong blade. Stem usually erect. Inflorescences dense. — Species 10, Central and South Africa. (Under Cryptolepis R. Br.) . . . Eetadiopsis Benth. (r.) Pollen-masses contained in the lower part of the anthers, pendulous from the arms of the pollen-carriers. [Tribe ASCLEPIADEAE.] . 30 Pollen-masses contained in the upper part of the anthers and attached to the pollen-carriers in an erect, mae” or horizontal, rarely (Tylophora) an almost pendulous position. . . sin siljie’ -boiaidg- 2laqed: 73 Corona obscure or wanting. [Subtribe ASTEPHANINAE.| . . . . 31 Corona distinctly developed. . . . a: Pe: ©! Corolla shortly lobed, urceolate, hairy within, Calyx without glands. Corona arising from the corolla-tube or wanting. Filaments short. Stigmatic head conical, notched. Mericarps thin or rather thin. Twin- ing shrubs. Leaves narrow. Flowers of medium size, in usually many-flowered cymes or umbels. — Species 10. South Africa. Microloma R. Br. Corolla deeply divided. Corona arising from the staminal tube or wanting ; in the latter case filaments none and flowers small. . . . . « 32 . Anthers sessile or nearly so. Corona-lobes alternating with the anthers or wanting. Corolla campanulate or urceolate, glabrous or tubercled within. Stigmatic head moreor less conical. Mericarps thick or rather thick. Shrubs or undershrubs. Flowers small, in usually few-flowered 446 201. ASCLEPIADACEAE cymes. —- Species 10. Southern and tropical Africa. (Including Haemax E. Mey. and Microstephanus N. E. Brown) . . Astephanus R. Br. Anthers stalked. Corona-lobes opposite to the anthers. Leaves oval. 33 33. Stigmatic head beaked. Calyx glandular. Corolla campanulate. Small shrubs. Flowers in few-flowered, sessile cymes or fascicles. — Species I. Northern East Africa. . . . . . . +. Podostelma K. Schum. Stigmatic head truncate or slightly convex. Corolla campanulate or rotate. Twining herbs or undershrubs. Flowers in racemosely arranged, umbel-like cymes. — Species I. East Africa. (Under Tylophora R. Br.) Tylophoropsis N. E. Brown 34. (30.) Corona inserted on the corolla, free from the staminal tube, but sometimes approximate to it. [Subtribe GLOSSONEMATINAE.] . . 35 Corona, at least the inner, inserted on the staminal tube. . . . . 43 35. Corona double, the outer ring-shaped, the inner of 5 lanceolate scales. Anthers sessile. Calyx glandular within. Corolla rotate or widely campanulate, glabrous within, with valvate aestivation. Twining herbs or undershrubs. Flowers conspicuous, in umbels or racemes. — Species 2. Central Africa and Egypt. Used as vegetables, as ornamental plants, and in medicine. . . po.) Oxystelka RB Corona simple. Corolla with bakortri weetivatn! O29? A 36. Corona-lobes united about tothe middle. . . . ~§ 59 Corona-lobes free or united at the base only. Statin tale Bren or Reale. FESS BONE RIVA LAC ARES Re da ae pee , age 37. Sepals blunt. Corolla rotate, yellowish ; segments velvety within, with distinctly contorted aestivation. Corona of Io lobes, the alternating 2-cleft. Anthers without an apical appendage. Stigmatic head with 5 small points at the angles. Twining shrubs. Leaves wanting. Flowers small, in few-flowered umbels. — Species 2. Madagascar. Vohemaria Buchen. Sepals pointed, with numerous glands within. Corolla almost campan- ulate ; segments glabrous within, with subvalvate aestivation. Corona of 5 lobes. Staminal column long. Stigmatic head flat or slightly concave, 5-lobed. Mericarps short and thick. Erect shrubs. Leaves lanceolate. Flowers in many-flowered cymes, — Species I. Nile-lands and Sahara. Used medicinally, (Under Cynanchum L.) Solenostemma Hayne 38. Corona inserted at the base of the corolla. ‘Flowers in few-flowered Gymes; 9). Ses | Corona inserted Ba Bick sinuses re ihe ee eee a P glands at the base. Flowers in umbel-like inflorescences. Erect herbs. . 41 39. Corolla-tube longer than the segments. Calyx without glands inside. Corona-lobes strap-shaped, gibbous outside. Twining shrubs. — Species I. Naturalized in the island of Madeira. Araujia Brot. Corolla-tube shorter than the segments. Herbs or undershrubs. . . 40 40. 4I. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 201. ASCLEPIADACEAE 447 Calyx without glands inside. Corona-lobes petal-like. Twining under- shrubs. — Species 2. West Africa. . . . Prosopostelma Baill. Calyx with 5 glands inside. Corona-lobes not petal-like. Mericarps thick, prickly. Erect or procumbent, downy or cottony plants. — Species 7. Central Africa, Sahara, and Egypt. Glossonema Decne. Corona-lobes bristle-like, curved. Corolla with linear divisions. Stigmatic head elongate-conical. Leaves linear. Flowers solitary. — Species I. Northern East Africa. (Under Glossonema Decne.) Conomitra Fenzl Corona-lobes broad. Corolla with lanceolate or ovate divisions. Leaves lanceolateoroblong. . . . . ‘ Pete eee 72 Stigmatic head elongate-conical, 2- cleft, ois ee the anther- appendages. — Species ı. South Africa. (Under Parapodium E. Mey.) Rhombonema Schlecht. Stigmatic head obtuse-subconical, not projecting beyond the anther- appendages. — Species 2. South Africa. . . . Parapodium E. Mey. (34.) Corona-lobes united more or less, usually high up. Corolla with contorted,rarely with valvate aestivation. [Subtribe CyNANCHINAE.] 44 Corona-lobes free or nearly so. Corolla with valvate or almost valvate aestivation. Erect or procumbent herbs or undershrubs, rarely twining or shrubby. [Subtribe, ASCLEPTARINAB Er bee nen. BO Corona double. . . . 45 Corona simple, but eh ich al a ei ki or withinthelobes. . . . SH Sauk ares. CHE Leaves reduced to scales or a re Flowers i ‘engi or AoE lielee! Twining Cepeormmpentishrubs.,; 11, Ueli: Del Haren 440 leaves well developed. . |... re Corolla shortly lobed or cleft to the andre with alla aestivation. Outer corona cupular, entireorlobed. . . . otto. 47 Corolla divided beyond the middle, with ER wectabliiain’ small, wiitejer yellow. |... 0.01% re er THO Ae ae Corolla shortly lobed, large, red. Oust corona entire or obscurely lobed. Stigmatic head 2-lobed. — Species 1. Madagascar. Platykeleba N. E. Brown Corolla cleft to the middle. Outer corona distinctly lobed. Stigmatic head entire. — Species 1. Madagascar. Decanemopsis Cost. & Gall. Outer corona of 5 long lobes united below, awl-shaped above. Corolla yellow. Mericarps very ae — Species 2. Madagascar and Mauritius. Used medicinally. . . aire Decanema Decne. Outer corona short, ring- or cup- ahaped, Kr or shortly lobed. — Species 8. Tropical and South Africa. The stem and the milky juice of some species are edible or used medicinally ; they also yield resin. (Including Sarcocyphula Harv.) . . . 0% bit A Sareostemma R. Br. Outer corona lobed ; lobes of the inner sen eh Sepals lanceolate, with glands at the base. Corolla white or greenish, woolly. Twining shrubs. 448 50. 5I. 52. 53- 54. 55: 56. 57: 20I. ASCLEPIADACEAE Leaves broad-cordate. Flowers in many-flowered panicles. — Species. 5. Used as medicinal and fibre-plants. (Pergularia L.) Daemia R. Br. Outer corona nearly entire. Leaves linear, oblong, or ovate. Flowers in few-flowered umbels or fascicles. . . . BD Sepals lanceolate, without glands. Stigmatic head with a pis at : the top and surrounded by a short 5-lobed cup. Erect shrubs. Leaves linear. — Species 1. East Africa... . . or Diplostigma K. Schum. Sepals elliptical, with minute glands at ais base. Stigmatic head without a distinct boss. Twining herbs or undershrubs. — Species 4. Tropics. Used medicinally. hr a Pentatropis Wight & Arn. (44.) Corona much lower than the stamens. su. (304.9 Corona equalling or exceeding the stamens. . . \ TE Corona fleshy, crenate. Stigmatic head antike, ap Mericarps linear. Erect herbs with a tuberous root-stock. Flowers in terminal panicles. — Species 1. West Africa (Congo)... Nanostelma Baill. Corona membranous, lobed. Stigmatic head with a be or beak. Twining or procumbent undershrubs or shrubs. . . . N ae Corolla campanulate. Corona-lobes alternating with the anthers. Stig- matic head with a long, 2-lobed beak. Twining undershrubs. Leaves small. Flowers axillary, solitary or in few-flowered cymes. — Species I. Madagascar. . . aed: Pleurostelma Baill. Corolla rotate. Suen head ith a ‘anes or a short beak. Twining-or procumbent shrubs. Leaves none. Flowers in umbels. (See 48.) . Sarcostemma R. Br. Corona very large, campanulate, corolla-like. Stigmatic head conical. Corolla campanulate ; lobes rolled back at the edge. Twining shrubs. Flowers in axillary umbels. — Species 3. Central Africa. (Under Cynanchum. L). Senat un, Perianthostelma Baill. Corona ‘not corollazlike. , iw Joi bhint a. Does. reine Corona with concave or laterally compressed lobes. Herbs or under- shrubs:is fos 41k jj. aa Corona with flat, but combats ee Toben; or ei si ea Corona-lobes obviously united below, concave, Io. Stigmatic head pyramidal. Sepals blunt, without glands. Flowers solitary or in pairs. Leaves linear. — Species 1. South Africa. (Under Cynanchum L.) Flanagania Schlecht. Corona-lobes nearly free. Stigmatic head rounded or produced into a boss at thetop. Sepals pointed, with small glands at the base. Flowers in umbels or racemes. Stem twining. . . SMR rk Corolla with broad divisions. Corona-lobes with an infeed apical ap- pendage. Leaves broad. Flowers in racemes or panicles. — Species 5. South and Central Africa. Some have edible fruits. Pentarrhinum E. Mey. Corolla with narrow divisions. Corona-lobes laterally compressed. Flowers in few-flowered umbels. (See 50.) . . Pentatropis Wight & Arn. 58. 59: 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 201. ASCLEPIADACEAE 449 Staminal column long. Corona-lobes I0—15. Sepals lanceolate-oblong, with basal glands. Corolla rotate. Erect shrubs. Leaves cordate- ovate. Flowers in racemes. —» Species 2. East Africa. (Under Cynanchum L. or Vincetoxicum Moench). Sehizostephanus Hochst. Staminal column short or wanting. . . - 59 Sepals subulate, with solitary glands at the bate Kerala a E or urceolate ; lobes pointed, fleshy at the sinuses. Corona entire or 5- lobed. Stigmatic head lengthened, mushroom-shaped. Erect herbs. Leaves linear. Flowers small, in umbel-like inflorescences. — Species 2. Madagascar. . . . . . Pyenoneurum Decne. Sepals lanceolate or ane. Howe in bel, or raceme- like inflorescences. — Species 40. Some of them yield fibre, poison, or medicaments. (Including Cynoctonum E. ote a Endl., and Vincetoxicum Moench); 1... rs Cynanchum L. (43.) Corona-lobes feat concave, more or less hood-shaped. Erect Plants: .).. . RETRO NEO 2 OL Corona-lobes flat or ee flat, sauteed past EN N is ea OD Pollen-carriers with very large, broad and concave arms. Stigmatic head more or less ruminate. Sepals pointed, with numerous basal glands. Corolla rotate. Corona-lobes not spurred. Herbs. Leaves narrow. Inflorescences umbel-like. — Species 10. Central and South Africa. (Under AsclepiasL.) . . . .. Stathmostelma K.Schum. Pollen-carriers with narrow and flat arms. Stigmatic head not ruminate. 62 Corona-lobes with a recurved spur at the base and two teeth at the apex. Anthers stalked. Stigmatic head depressed. Sepals pointed, with many glands at the base. Corolla green outside, red within. Mericarps inflated. Leaves broad. Flowers large, in panicles. — Species 2. Central and North Africa. They yield a kind of rubber, bast-fibre, vegetable silk, poison, and medicaments, and serve as ornamental plants. Calotropis R. Br. Corona-lobes not spurred. . . . 7 Corona lobes with a more or less Her fies ne arising cit the cavity. Sepals pointed, with solitary or paired glands at the base. Corollarotate. Mericarpsthick. Herbsor undershrubs. Inflorescences umbel-like. — Species 40. Central and South Africa ; besides one species naturalized in the tropics. Some species yield rubber, fibre from the bark, vegetable silk from the hairy seeds, or medicaments ; several serve as ornamental plants. . . . . . . Asclepias L. Corona-lobes without an appendage in the oe but sometimes with scale- or tooth-like appendages at the base... 64 Corona-lobes without appendages or alternating ith ny teeth. Sepals pointed, with basal glands. Stigmatic head usually flat. — Species IIo. Some of them yield vegetable silk or medicaments, or serve as ornamental plants. (Including Krebsia Harv. and Pachycarpus E. Mey., under PSMIEPRAS Ly) Yen st ent ET, . . . Gomphoearpus L. 2F 450 201. ASCLEPIADACEAE Corona-lobes with rather large scale-like appendages at the base. Sepals without basal glands. Herbs. Flowers small, in umbel-like inflores- oe. a a a a, rr ee ae ee 65. Corona-lobes curved inwards, attached to the stamens only by their basal appendages. Stigmatic head with a boss at the top. Leaves ovate. — Species 3. South and Central Africa. . . . | Woodia Schlecht. ' Corona-lobes erect-connivent, inserted on the stamens. Stigmatic head elevate-conical, 2-lobed. Sepals blunt. Corolla campanulate; seg- ments with recurved tips. Leaves linear. — Species I. South Africa. (Under Schizoglossum E. Mey.) . . . . Stenostelma Schlecht. 66. (60.) Corona of 3 rows of 5 lobes each ; those of the middle row 3-lobed or 3-parted. Corolla rotate; segments narrowly overlapping in the bud. Sepals with basal glands. Flowers in few-flowered umbels or corymbs. Erect or more frequently procumbent herbs or undershrubs. . . . 67 Corona ‘simple. 0 “u. m ee eh cee Oe ha) be ee 67. Ovules I—2 in each carpel. Mericarps triangular, ending in three spines. « Seeds glabrous. Branches long. Leaves palmately 5—7-lobed. — Species I. South-east Africa (Delagoa Bay). (Lobostephanus N. E. Brown. « « « « « « . .Emieocarus K. Schum. & Sehlemun Ovules 3 or more in each carpel. Branches short. Leaves linear-filiform or linear-hastate. — Species 5. South Africa.. . Eustegia R. Br. 68. Corona-lobes petal-like, coloured, larger than the corolla-lobes, spatulate. Divisions of the corolla usually rolled back. Sepals with many glands at the base. Stigmatic head flat or short-conical. Erect herbs with a tuberous root-stock. Leaves narrow. Flowers in umbels. — Species 6. Central Africa. ae ee eee eee Margaretta Oliv. Corona-lobes' not petal-like.. , jot! „ui dis deve Db 69. Corona-lobes very thick and fleshy, more rarely moderately fleshy, and then without an appendage and without a.keel or with a single keel on the inner face, but sometimes alternating with small teeth. Stigmatic head low. ’ Erect: plants. X. aT..m gu ST oO) Se Corona-lobes thin, rarely somewhat fleshy, but then with 2 keels or I—2 appendages on the inner face. Herbs or undershrubs. . . . . JI 70. Stem woody. Leaves narrow, with minute bristles in their axils. Flowers in sometimes very short racemes. Sepals with basal glands. Corolla campanulate, cleft to the middle or beyond ; segments woolly within. — Species I. Central Africa. Used medicinally. . Kanahia R. Br. Stem herbaceous or woody at the base, tuberous under ground. Flowers in umbels. Corolla divided nearly to the base. — Species 45. Central and South Africa. Some species have edible tubers or are used in medicine. (Including Glossostelma Schlecht.) . Xysmalobium R. Br. 71. Corolla shortly lobed or cleft half-way down. Sepals with glands at the base. Corona-lobes gibbous within. Stigmatic head truncate or umbon- 72. 73: 74. 75: 76. 77: 201, ASCLEPIADACEAE 451 ate. Stem twining. Flowers large, in axillary umbels or racemes. Bea, . eed ERDE) A a ee DR. Keys Corolla deeply ed ER eat, DE Stigmatic head produced much Hey ithe batters to a ish baak 2-lobed at the apex. Corona-lobes linear. Corolla-segments narrow. Sepals awl-shaped, without glands. Flowers in lateral cymes or racemes. Leaves linear. Twining herbs or undershrubs. — Species 1. South Africa. (Oncinema Arn.). . . . . . Glossostephanus E. Mey. Stigmatic head not or slightly Horn Been the anthers. Sepals with glands at the base. Flowers in umbels. Stem erect, rig! pro- Cumipent, >... 73 Stigmatic head ab: Siapbal foe abe er ee ea with a transverse ridge or a short scale on the inner face. Sepals lanceolate, with solitary glands. Inflorescences many-flowered. Leaves linear. — Species 5. South Africa and Southern East Africa. (Including Peri- glossum Decne.). . . are Cordylogyne E. Mey. Stigmatic head truncate or demikaled wr usually umbonate. . . . 74 Inflorescences terminal. Sepals with many glands at the base. Corolla white, with long hairs on the edges of the segments. Connective fringed. Corona-lobes purple, with two linear appendages at the base, but without keels. Leaves narrow. — Species 1. South Africa. Used as an Ornamental plant: -. -. ©. anes Fanninia Harv. Inflorescences lateral or terminal atid arra Corona-lobes usually with 2 keels on the inner face. — Species 120. South and Central Africa (Including Be E. Mey., Lagarinthus E. Mey., and Mackenia Harv.). a : . . . Sehizoglossum E. Mey. (29.) Pollen-masses 2 in ich ated: half (4 on each pollen-carrier), very small. Pollen-carriers very small, broad, pale, rather soft. Anthers with a more or less fringed appendage at the top. Corona, at least the inner, arising from the stamens. Flowers small, in axillary cymes or terminal panicles. [Tribe SECAMONFAE.] wire? 76 Pollen-masses solitary in each anther-half (2 on each SGllshE RN Pollen-carriers hard, horny, toate of a dark colour. [Tribe TYLO- Pere A ... OVA) SENG. 78 Pollen-carriers with well or narrow arms. Chrolle yellow, urceolate, with short triangular lobes. Sepals oval. — Species 1. Madagascar. Yields rubber. a, audits Secamonopsis Jum. Pollen-carriers with short fe reel or indistinde arms. Corollarotate. 77 Stem erect, shrubby. Flowers in few-flowered cymes. Corolla adnate to the ovary at the base; segments very long, spatulate. Corona- lobes 5, filiform. Pollen-carriers without distinct arms. — Species I. Madagascar. Poisonous. . \ Menabea Baill. Stem twining or procumbent, Peele or alklährubby) — Species 45. Tropical and South Africa. Some are used medicinally. (Including Pozocarpus Wight et Arm.) . . "N Seeamone R. Br. 452 78. 79: 80, 8x. 82. 83. 84. 85. 201, ASCLEPIADACEAE Anthers with a distinct, membranous, flat or inflated appendage at the apex. Corolla usually with contorted’ aestivation. [Subtribe MARSDE- NIINAE.] . . 79: Anthers with a very ct RER: or a pet ER or ir any appendage at the apex. Corolla nearly always with valvate aestivation. [Subtribe CEROPEGIINAE. ] nee Corona absent. Sepals blunt, with solitaan Sana: Shrubs.. .... or ze Corona present... . . 2. 1 Inflorescence I—3-flowered. ale ae BB within ; segments. overlapping to the right. Stigmatic head obtuse-conical. Mericarps short, thick, covered with longitudinal ridges. Branches erect or pro- cumbent, downy. Leaves fleshy, linear. — Species 1. South Africa (Cape Colony.) . . ee tei» s Jhyssolobium FE. Mey: Inflorescence many- ae te. Sepals unequal. Corolla-segments over- lapping to the left. Apical appendages of the anthers ciliate-laciniate. Stigmatic head hemispheric or conical. Mericarps long, smooth. Branches twining, glabrous. — Species 1. Madagascar and Mascarenes. Trichosandra Decne. Corona arising from the corolla below its sinuses and consisting of 5 scales. Sepals blunt. Corolla campanulate. Twining, hairy shrubs. Leaves ovate. Flowers small, in umbels. — Species 1. Tropical and South Africa. Yields fibre. rae ie . . . . Gymnema R. Br. Corona, at least the inner, arising aie die anche, REN Corona double. Twining shrubs. Leaves herbaceous. . . BB. : Corona simple ; lobes in one row, but sometimes furnished ich) ae ontheinnerface. . . . he Outer and inner corona on RR oe Senta ahaa A Co . of5scaleseach. Sepals linear-lanceolate. Flowers in few-flowered umbel- like cymes. — Species I. Southern East Africa. Swynnertonia S. Moore Outer corona arising from the corolla, the inner from the stamens. . 84 Sepals lanceolate. Corolla with contorted aestivation. Inner corona ring-shaped,slightly lobed. Pollen-masses horizontal. Flowers in pan- icles. — Species 1. Equatorial West Africa. | Oneostemma K. Schum. Sepals ovate or subulate. Corolla with valvate or almost valvate aestiva- tion. Inner corona of oblong lobes. Pollen-masses erect. Flowers in globose, axillary, we stalked, partly sessile umbels. — Species 2. West Africa; . ’. Sage? ved Anisopus N. E. Brown Corona-lobes united En up, ie numerous. Anthers with a large inflated appendage. Pollen-masses flat and thin. Pollen-carriers very small, without distinct arms. Sepals lanceolate, with small solitary glands. Corolla rotate. Herbs with a tuberous root-stock. Leaves narrow. Flowers solitary or in fascicle- or corymb-like cymes. — Species 10. Southern and Central Africa. Some have edible tubers. Fockea Endl. Corona-lobes free or united at the base, 5, but sometimes appendaged. 86- 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. gl. 92. 201. ASCLEPIADACEAE 453 Corona-lobes with a narrow appendage on the inner face. Sepals lance- olate, with solitary glands. Corolla salver-shaped. Mericarps thick. Twining shrubs. Flowers in dense umbels or racemes. — Species 3. Tropical and South Africa. (Prageluria N. E. Brown, under Pergularia a ha all de es zum Telosma Coville Corona-lobes ehe an ep on ihe inner face, but sometimes with a small, usually tubercle-like appendage at the base of the back. 87 Corona-lobes united at the base, linear, erect. Sepals lanceolate, without glands. Corolla with linear segments recurved from the base. Stig- matic head truncate. Mericarps slender. Erect herbs with a tuberous rootstock. Leaves linear. Flowers in fascicles. — Species 1. South- east Africa to Rhodesia. The tubers are edible. Maeropetalum Burch. Corona-lobes free or nearly so. Twining plants, rarely erect shrubs or Ber wrcioue e tuberous rootstock. . , „aut eee ls ee ye. OO Corona-lobes spreading, linear. Sepals lanceolate, without glands. Corolla rotate. Stigmatic head flat or umbonate. Mericarps thick, villous. Twining, tomentose shrubs. Leaves elliptical. Flowers in cymes. — Species 1. Madagascar. a sare Pervillaea Decne. Corona-lobes spreading and tubercle- stage or erect, orconverging. . 89 Pollen-masses very small, disc-shaped. Corona-lobes short, usually tubercle-like. Sepals pointed, with solitary glands. Corolla rotate. Stigmatic head more or less flattened and usually provided with a central boss at the top. Mericarps slender. — Species 25. Tropical and South Africa. Some are used medicinally. Tylophora R. Br. Pollen-masses large or rather large, a ERETFDEE: Mericarps TOTALS tluck?s. .... ., .- zul ...90 Filaments united .at the base, Fa Stigmatic a Eee into a long beak. Ovary glabrous. Sepals oblong or ovate, with solitary glands. Corolla campanulate. Twining shrubs or undershrubs. Leaves leathery. Flowers in racemes or panicles. — Species 3. West Africa. (Under Secamone R. Br. or Toxocarpus Wight et Arn.) Rhynchostigma Benth. Filaments united uptotheanthers.. . . hg ees (QE Anther-appendages cohering into a long om 5 Stigmtic head beaked. Ovary hairy. Sepals elliptical, with solitary glands. Corolla cam- panulate, with linear segments. Twining shrubs. Leaves elliptical, herbaceous. Flowers in panicles. — Species 1. East Africa. (Under Marsdenia»R.\Br.).- .. . EN Traunia K. Schum. Anther-appendages not cohering inte a ER bey ib uri Ws" 92 Sepals large, without glands. Corolla funnel- or iver anager - tube widened below. Stigmatic head conical. Twining shrubs. Leaves leathery. Flowers large, in umbels. — Species 5. Madagascar. They are used as ornamental plants, and the hairs of the seeds as vegetable RT te ey es ee ta te SLO o> Stephanotis’ Thouars 454 201. ASCLEPIADACEAE Sepals small, usually with glands. Leaves herbaceous. Flowers small or of moderate size. — Species 17. Tropical and South Africa. Some species yield rubber or serve as vegetables. (Including Dregea E. Mey. and Pterygocarpus Hochst.) writ -. .» | Marsdenia R. Br. 93. (78.) Stem cactus-like, thick and fleshy, sith 4 or more angles or rows of tubercles, usually low. Leaves more or less rudimentary or wanting. Flowers solitary or in fascicles, fleshy. Sepals pointed, with solitary glands. Corolla-segments very rarely coherent at the tip. Stigmatic head flat or ending in a small boss. . . . 94 Stem herbaceous or woody, rarely (Ceropegia) abe ‘oa thet ah or obscurely 3-angled and corolla-segments cohering at the tip, at least when young. . . . 106 94. Branches divided by en Ane bearers a Bm several- ranked areas, not spiny nor bristly. Corolla rotate or campanulate, cleft to the middle. Corona-lobes 5 or Io, united at the base. — Species 7. East, Africa. . . . . . Eehidnopsis Hook. fil. Branches angled or tubercled, but ob divided into areas, usually spiny BEDTIELV.. . . 0. “ = ed ee 95. Branches with more a 6 ae or rows ee Haller hee with 6; in this case with 3-partedspines.. . . 2. 06 Branches with 4, more rarely with 5 or 6 angles or rows a uber Spines. or other appendages of the tubercles simple. . . . <, DR 96. Spines 3-parted. Flowers solitary or in pairs, large. Cotati mane or funnel-shaped, shortly lobed. Corona double, the outer divided into Io filiform segments terminating in knobs. — Species 2. South Africa and southern West Africa. (Tavaresia Welw.) . . Decabelone Decne. Spines simple or absent. Corolla saucer- or cup-shaped. Outer corona of 5 two-lobed or two-parted pointed lobes or indistinct. . . . . 97 97. Tubercles of the stem united into continuous angles, spiny. Flowers large. Corolla slightly lobed.—Species 10. South and Central Africa. Hoodia Sweet Tubercles of the stem not confluent. Flowers rather small. Corolla lobed to about halfway. — Species 12. South Africa and southern Central Africa. alle FR Trichocaulon N. E. Brown 98. Corolla-segments cohering at the tip. Corona double. —- Species 5. South Africa. Usedas vegetables. : ... « « 5» +4) so Peetinaria Ham Corolla-segments'free:at the tip. + eiid@ilic siggs< . als Vans ee 59: Corona simple, of §lobes..j.) slime zunsuı sii Vs Corona double or triple. . . . ro eee 100. Sepals large. Corolla Ne ee iR -way Bee hairy, inside red mottled with yellow. Corona-lobes thick, without a dorsal crest :— Species I. South Africa to Damaraland. (Huerniopsis N. E. Brown). Heurniopsis N. E. Brown Sepals small. Corolla rotate or campanulate, divided to beyond the middle. Corona-lobes with a dorsal tranverse crest at the base. — Species.00je South Africa. . .... "2... .: ‘Plaranthms toe IOI, 20I, ASCLEPIADACFAE 455 Third (outermost) corona corolla-like, arising from the base of the corolla- tube. Corolla nn hairy. — Species I. South Africa (Cape Colony). . . RaDIER Diploeyathus N. E. Brown Third (outermost) corona net enrvllis like, arising from the throat of the 102. 103. 104. 105. 2706. 107. corolla, or wanting. . . 4 chi DEIOR Second (intermediate) corona As spe eutite: third jontemntoss) ring- shaped. Corolla rotate. — Species 20. South Africa to Lake Ngami. Some are used as ornamental plants. - . . . . . Duvalia Haw. Second (intermediate or outer) corona ring- or cup-shaped and more or lessdeeply divided. . . . . ED AU... ;T03 Corolla with accessory teeth bei the labs, era more or less distinctly lobed or cleft. — Species 30. South and Central Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants. (Huernia R. Br.) Heurnia R. Br. Corolla without accessory teeth between thelobes. . . . . . . 104 Corolla campanulate with broad lobes or rotate; in the latter case (as usually) outer corona divided to the base. Stem with soft spines or teeth, or without any. Flowers usually large, solitary or in pairs, more rarely in clusters. — Species 100. South and Central Africa. Some are used as ornamental or medicinal plants. (Including Podanthes Decne.) Stapelia L. Corolla campanulate with narrow lobes or rotate; in the latter case outer corona nearly entire or more or less deeply divided, but not to the DASE. +052. 2. VERE LOS Inner dass chen pent ingens aie Died " He 4s beset with short spines on the back; outer short, united at the base. Corolla purple-brown, rotate, cleft half-way down, bearing club-shaped hairs. Flowers very large, solitary or in pairs. Stem with hard, usually brown spines. — Species 2. Northern East Africa. Editheolea N. E. Brown Inner corona-lobes not broadened at the tip. Flowers of moderate size. Stem with soft, green spines or teeth. — Species 30. Some of them are used as ornamental plants, or as vegetables, others are poisonous. (Including Apteranthes Mik. and Boucerosia Wight et Arn.) Caralluma R. Br. (93.) Corolla tubular, rarely funnel- or salver-shaped; tube long and narrow, usually widened at the base ; lobes usually cohering at the tip, at least when young. Flowers large or of moderate size, very rarely small. Herbs or undershrubs. An ER at. ET Corolla rotate or campanulate; tube SH or anne: Bee but wide ; Ines sarely cohering at the tip. „insel ger pases re 21) pkg Calyx without glands at the base. Corona of 5 lobes. Anthers with a small appendage at the apex. Flowers in few-flowered umbel-like cymes. ‘Species 3. South Africa and southern Central Africa. (Barrowia Decne,)y... ER Orthanthera Wight Calyx with ands at the bast Corolle more or less tubular; lobes cohering at the tip, at least in bud. Corona double, rarely simple, but then anthers without an apicalappendage.. . . -. - - ~ 108 456 108. 109. IIO. ITT, a II2. II4. 115. 116. 201. ASCLEPIADACEAE Corona double, the inner with short lobes. Anthers with a small ap- pendage at the apex. Mericarps constricted between the seeds. Twining plants with a tuberous rootstock. Leaves heart-shaped. Flowers long- stalked, in fascicles arranged in racemes or panicles. — Species 8. South and East Africa. . . . er Riocreuxia Decne. Corona double, the inner with a übe or simple. Anthers without an apical appendage. Mericarps not constricted. Flowers solitary or in fascicles, umbels, or racemes ; if in fascicles arranged in racemes or panicles, then short-stalked. — Species go. Tropical and South Africa and Canary Islands. Some species have edible tubers or stems, or serve as*ormamental plants. 5 rent hg er Ceropegia L. Corona of 5 lobes inserted on the corolla en the sinuses, sometimes with an inconspicuous fleshy ring at the base of the staminal column. Anthers sometimes with a short apical appendage. Corolla hairy. Sepals ovate, without glands. Shrubs, sometimes leafless. Flowers small. — Species 6. Tropics, Sahara, and Egypt. Some species yield BEER RI gr a . . . Leptadenia R. Br. Corona inserted on tits en NDR wall Ni Tee Corona simple.’ HOME aL i WERTE SER Corona double ortriple.. . . . ‘ ©... Corona of 10 lobes united below. shpat with wands at t the base. Corolla almost rotate, deeply divided. Stigmatic head depressed. Erect herbs. Leaves broad. Flowers very small. — Species I. South-east Africa (Natal). (Under Brachystelma R. ae . Aulostephanus Schlecht. Coronaof5freelobes. . . . Si IO ee Corolla rotate. Sepals with Bre at the eee Pollen-masses minute, orbicular. Stigmatic head with a boss at the top. Twining plants. ERST RETTEN Na Tylophora R. Br. Corolla campanulate or wii dee urn “re herbs or undershrubs. 113 Sepals lanceolate, with glands at the base. Corolla with contorted aestivation. Stigmatic head flat. Leaves oblong or elliptic. — Species 4. Central and South Africa.. . . .. . Sphaerocodon Benth. Sepals without glands. Corolla with valvate aestivation. Leaves linear. — SECIS LO, SOUTH Atrica, a cae Me Sisyranthus E. Mey. Corona 3-ranked, the outermost lobes reflexed, the others erect, the inner- most the largest. Corolla campanulate, deeply divided. Twining plants. Flowers in racemes, on long pedicels. — Species 1. Equatorial West Africa (Cameroons). . . . . . Neosehumannia Schlecht. Corona 2-ranked. Erect or procumbent herbs or undershrubs, rarely twining; but then flowers in fascicles, «5. vey . a0 ee Inner corona-lobes broad, shorter than the outer. . . . . . . II6 Inner corona-lobes narrow, longer than the outer. . . . . . . 118 Outer corona cupular, entire ; inner of 5smalllobes. Corolla campanulate, blackish-red, hairy within, with valvate aestivation. Flowers solitary, 201. ASCLEPIADACEAE — 202. CONVOLVULACEAE 457 small. Leaves linear. — Species 1. Southern West Africa (Amboland). Craterostemma K. Schum Outer corona divided into 10 lobes. Flowers usually fascicled.. . . 117 117. Corolla rotate, with valvate aestivation. Stem branched. Flowers small. — Species 2. South Africa. (Under Anisotome Fenzl or Bra- chystelma R. Br.). . . svse ted Decaceras Harv. Corolla rotate-campanulate, wi ce aestivation. Stem simple. — Species 5. South and East Africa. (Under Brachystelma R. Br. or Tenarıs E.Mey.) . . . . . . . Lasiostelma Benth. 118. Outer corona-lobes 5, entire or 2- Sb eth oe ila OG NR i Outer corona-lobes 10, free from each other or ae so. Pollen-masses disciform. Flowers solitary, fascicled, or umbellate. . . . . .123 11g. Corolla campanulate. Roots spindle-shaped. Stem erect. Flowers solit- ary or fascicled. — Species 6. South Africa. (Under Brachystelma R. Br., Dichaelia Harv., or Lasiostelma Benth.) Brachystelmaria Schlecht. Corolla rotate, Roots fibrous, somewhat fleshy. . . . . ... I20 120. Stem erect, arising from a tuber. Leaves linear. Flowers usually in racemes or panicles, rather large. Corolla-segments linear. Anthers usually with a short appendage at the apex. — Species 5. Central and SOUR ONICHA: . : . BR Tenaris E. Mey. Stem prostrate or anes ieee SEE or ovate. Flowers solitary or in fascicles or pseudo-umbels. Anthers without anappendage. . I2I 12I. Leaves ovate. Flowers solitary or in pairs, small. Corolla yellow, with ovate segments. Stem prostrate, springing from a tuber. — Species I. South Africa. (Under Brachystelma R. Br.) Tapeinostelma Schlecht. Leaves cordate. Flowers in fascicles or pseudo-umbels. . . . . 122 122. Stem prostrate. Flowers small. Corolla-segments oblong-linear. Inner corona-lobes subulate. — Species 2. South Africa. (Lophostephus Harv.) # EN Anisotome Fenzl Stem twining. haere corona- cFöpe sbreas or linear-oblong. — Species 2. moder Atriea.% . . . Emplectanthus N. E. Brown 123. Outer corona-lobes erect. Chrank: -segments cohering at the tip. — Species 15. South Africa. (Under Brachystelma R. Br.) . Dichaelia Harv. Outer corona-lobes spreading. Corolla-segments free at the tip. — Species 35. South and Central Africa. Some have edible tubers. (Including Micraster Harv.) . | AAR IY Brachystelma R. Br. ORDER TUBIFLORAE SUBORDER CONVOLVULINEAE FAMILY 202. CONVOLVULACEAE Leaves alternate, simple, sometimes dissected or reduced to scales, exstipulate, rarely (Ipomoea) stipulate. Flowers regular, rarely slightly irregular, usually hermaphrodite. Sepals 5, rarely 4, persistent. Petals united into a 5-angled, 5-lobed, or 5-cleft, rarely a 4-lobed corolla, usually with plicate-valvate aestiva- 458 202. CONVOLVULACEAE tion. Stamens as many as and alternating with the corolla-lobes, inserted om the corolla. Anthers 2-celled, opening inwards or laterally by longitudinal slits. Disc within the stamens, sometimes indistinct. Ovary superior, I—4- celled, sometimes deeply divided. Ovules I—4 in each cell, rarely (Hum- bertia) more, erect, inverted. Styles I—2, sometimes 2-cleft. Seeds albumin- ous ; embryo with folded cotyledons. — Genera 34, species 450. (Plate 131.) 1. Plants without green colour, parasitic, Stem herbaceous, twining. Leaves. reduced to scales or wanting. Flowers small, in fascicles. Corolla imbricate in bud, usually with scales at the throat. Ovary completely or incompletely 2-celled, with 4 ovules. Embryo twisted, without cotyledons. — Species 25. Some of them are noxious weeds, several are used medicinally. ‘‘ Dodder.” [Tribe CUSCUTEAE.} Cuseuta L. Plants of green colour. Corolla plicate or valvate in bud, rarely (Cressa) imbricate, but then stem shrubby. Embryo se tay or slightly curved, with 2 cotyledons. . . , Bas oe 2. Calyx minute. Ovary I-celled with 2 ae Styles 2. Fruit I-seeded, ripening underground. Creeping herbs. Leaves kidney-shaped. Flowers solitary. — Species1. Abyssinia. (Nephrophyllum A. Rich.) Hygrocharis Hochst. Calyx distinctly developed. . . . „NE 3. Ovary lobed or divided. Ovules 4. Styles : 2% RR ra. the lobes. of the ovary. Sepals more or less united below. Flowers solitary. Creeping or prostrate herbs. [Tribe DICHONDREAE.] . . . 4 Ovary entire. Sepals free, rarely (Rapona) united below, but then ovules 2, style 2-cleft, fiowers in panicles, andstem twining.. . . . . . 5 4. Ovary and fruit 2-lobed. Corolla deeply cleft, yellow. Sepals nearly free. Leaves kidney-shaped. — Species 1. Tropical and South Africa, also- naturalized in the Island of Madeira. . . . . Diehondra Forst. Ovary and fruit 4-parted. Corolla slightly lobed. Sepals evidently united’ below. — Species 4. South Africa and Abyssinia. . Falkia L. f. 5. Styles 2, free or united below. . . ee Style 1, undivided; stigmas 2, RR at the re ora hiaete stigma. 16. 6. Flowers in axillary or terminal and axillary racemes or ar Twining shrubs. [Tribe PORANEAE.]. . . . if Flowers solitary ,in axillary cymes, or in terminal ame or BERN Ovules 4. [Tribe DICRANOSTYLEAE.]. . . . . Ten 2S 7. Sepals united below, not enlarged in the fruit. Corolla entire, with plicate aestivation. Filaments broadened and hairy at the base. Disc large, cup-shaped. Ovary incompletely 2-celled, with I ovule in each cell. Style 2-cleft at the top, with capitate stigmas. — Speciesı. Madagascar. Rapona Baill. Sepals free. Corolla more or less lobed. Disc small. Ovary 1—2-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell. Style deeply 2-cleft or divided to the base. 8: 202. CONVOLVULACEAE 459 8. Sepals unequal, the two outer ones much enlarged in the fruit. Corolla deeply lobed. Disc cup-shaped. Ovary I-celled. Ovules 2. Style 2-cleft ; stigmas linear or oblong. — Species 1. Equatorial West Pesieav@eemeroons)... .. +» vss eine Dipteropeltis Hallier Sepals about equal. Disc ring-shaped or indistinct. Ovary completely or incompletely 2-celled. Ovules 4. Style divided to the base ; stigmas Eee ES a i a re i a ee lei elites kg g. Inflorescence composed of racemes. Bracts surrounding the fruit much enlarged. Corolla deeply lobed, induplicate-valvate in bud. Ovary incompletely septate. Stigmas peltate. — Species 2. West Africa. Neuropeltis Wall. Inflorescence composed of fascicles. Bracts not much enlarged in the fruit. Stigmas capitate. — Species 2. East Africa. . . Porana Burm. to. Flowers dioecious. Sepals enlarged in the fruit. Corolla roti cleft. Stigmas horse-shoe-shaped. Shrubs withsmallleaves. . . 9 Mee Bf Flowers hermaphrodite. . . . nities Ze nth ee 11. Sepals of the female flowers distinctly ee ns outer Eurer larger than the inner. Flowers usually 4-merous. — Species 4. Northern East Africa, 6. Be ts! > obi ee ee Hildebrandtia Vatke Sepals nearly stile Flowers 5-merous. Styles united at the base. Seeds 2. Branches stiff. — Species 2. Northern East Africa. Cladostigma Radlk. 12. Stigmas filiform, 2-parted. Erect herbs or undershrubs. Leaves small. — Species 4. Tropical and South Africa. Me psa Evolvuius L. Stigmas globose or peltate, usually entire. Shrubs. . . . . . . 13 13. Anthers and stigmas projecting beyond the corolla-tube. Sepals subequal. Corolla small, cleft to the middle, imbricate in bud. Fruit I-seeded. Prostrate or ascending small shrubs. Leaves small. Flowers in terminal spikes. — Species 1. Tropical and North Africa. Used medicinalix...anz 3 >> . oe Cressa L. Anthers and stigmas nal in ithe pai tube. Corolla folded in bud. acetone _ 14. Corolla ae af ee eek Meehan PR: glabrous, broadened at the base and usually toothed on each side. Stigmas more or less peltate. Fruit 4-seeded. Erect or procumbent, small shrubs. Leaves small. — Species 20. Tropical and South Africa. (Under Dreueman. Br..." ie 10 a ee Seddera Hochst. Corolla large or medium-sized. RER not toothed, but usually hairy at the base. Stigmas more or less globose. Twining shrubs. Leaves large or of moderate size. Flowers solitary or in axillary cymes or terminal panicles. Spe. o oa CRESS Mae SIO RARE he ike ES 15. Sepals herbaceous or leathery, subequal, or the inner et smaller, not enlarged after flowering. Corolla funnel-shaped. Fruit 4-seeded. — Species 10. Tropics. (Under Breweria R. Br.) . Bonamia Thouars 460 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 2I. 22. 23. 202. CONVOLVULACEAE Sepals membranous or scarious, the inner much smaller than the outer, enlarged after flowering. Corolla bell- or pitcher-shaped. Fruit I- seeded. — Species 12. Tropics. (Under Breweria R. Br.) Prevostea Choisy (5.) Flowers in axillary racemes. Outer sepals much larger than the inner, together with the 3 bracteoles much enlarged in the fruit. Corolla small, deeply lobed. Anthers exserted. Disc cushion-shaped. Ovary I-celled. Ovules 2. Stigma ı. Twining herbs. Leaves cordate. — Species 2. Madagascar.. . . WAR, Cardiochlamys Oliv. Flowers solitary or in axillary, kormetittids raceme-like cymes, rarely in terminal spikes or panicles. Ovules 4or more . . Nie 17 Ovules numerous. Stigmas 2. Filaments curved ; witht ale ex- serted. Corolla entire. Flowers solitary. Trees. — Species 1. Mada- gascar. Yields timber. . ei Humbertia Lam. Ovules 4—6. Herbs, underübk; or en RENTE EL Pollen-grains smooth. Corolla usually gradually widened from below upwards and without well defined midpetaline areas. Anthers included. Ovules 4. [Tribe CONVOLVULEAE.] . . A aa Pollen-grains spinous. Corolla irregularly BER seth 5 Ib midpetaline areas limited by prominent nerves. . . . . . . 26 Ovary I-celled, sometimes with an incomplete partition... . . . . 20 Ovary 2-celled, rarely (Merremia) 4-celled . . . . . . . aR Stigmas globose. Sepals lanceolate, unequal, not enlarged after avert: Corolla bell-shaped, shortly lobed. Stamens unequal. Fruit one- seeded, indehiscent. Prostrate herbs. Leaves lobed. — Species I. East Africa (Somaliland). . . . AIR, Hyalocystis Hallier Stigmas ovate or oblong, flattened. Pruitiä! -seeded, 4-valved. . . . 2I Sepals unequal. Corolla bell-shaped, entire. Twining herbs. Leaves ovate-cordate. Bracts small. — Species 1. Tropical and South-east Africa. (Shutereia Choisy). : . . Hewittia Wight & Arn. Sepals about equal. Corolla slightly Toben; Twining or prostrate herbs. Leaves sagittate or hastate. Bracts large, leaf-like. — Species 5. North, South, and East Africa. Some of them have edible root- _ stocks or serve as ornamental or medicinal plants. (Under Convolvulus Peer inte, 2 eh UTR ig Calystegia R. Br. Stigmas filiform. Disc present. ‘Corolla funnel-shaped without well- defined midpetaline areas. — Species 70. Some of them yield an essential oil used in perfumery or serve as ornamental or medicinal plants. “ Bind-weed.” (Including Rhodorrhiza Webb et Berth.) Convolvulus L. Stigmas elliptic, disciform, or globose. . . . . . TRE as Stigmas elliptic or disciform. Disc indistinct or spusitingt Corolla with well-defined midpetaline areas, blue, more rarely white or reddish. Sepals not decurrent on the pedicel, usually subequal. Herbs or under- 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 202, CONVOLVULACEAE 464 shrubs. — Species 5. Tropical and South Africa. Some are used as. wepetablesu. “(Plate 13%.) ) la a ates Jacquemontia Choisy Stigmas more or less globose. Corolla white or yellow. . . . . . 24 Sepals very unequal, the outer much larger than the inner and decurrent on the pedicel, herbaceous. Corolla tubular-funnel-shaped, entire, hairy outside, with well-defined midpetaline areas. Disc obscure. Twining herbs. Leaves oblong. — Species 1. Tropical and South-east Africa... (Under Ipjomoca. L.)... asf . . . Aniseia Choisy Sepals nearly equal, usually leathery or RE ehe . 25 Fruit opening by alid. Flowers large. Sepals much enlarged in the fruit. Corolla without sharply limited midpetaline areas and without dark lines. Twining herbs. Stem usually winged. Leaves broad. — Species 6. Tropics. Some are used ee (Under Merremia Dennst. or Ipomoea L.) . » Gah ers Opereulina Manso Fruit opening by A ehren, + Cecile bell-shaped ; midpetaline areas usually marked with 5 dark-violet lines. Stem rarely winged.—Species 25. Tropical and South Africa. Some species yield fodder and a substi- tute for coffee. (Under Convolvulus L.or Ipomoea L.) Merremia Dennst. (18.) Fruit fleshy, mealy, or dry, and then with a woody or crusty rind, indehiscent. Ovary 2—4-celled. Stigmas globose or elliptical. Disc cupular. Shrubs. [Tribe ARGYREIEAE.] A ga BF Fruit dry, with a membranous leathery or parchment-like ad dehiscing by 4—6 valves, rarely (Ipomoea) indehiscent. [Tribe IPOMOEEAE.] 29: Fruit fleshy or mealy. Corolla more or less bell-shaped. Stigmas I—2, globose. Stem twining. Leaves cordate. — Species 2. Naturalized in the Mascarene Islands. Ornamental plants. . . . Argyreia Lour. Fruit dry. Corolla funnel- or en Stigmas 2, globose or elliptical. . . bas cade Fruit with a woody oan I- Beds ei en sis alaurane — Species ro. Central and South Africa and Canary Islands. (Including Legendrea Webb, under Ipomoea L.) . . . . . Rivea Choisy Fruit with a crustaceous rind, 4-celled, 4-seeded, enveloped by the adnate. sepals. Seeds large, brown-velvety. Ovary 4-celled. Corolla funnel- shaped. Stem twining. Leaves cordate.—Species4. Tropics. (Under Argyreia Lour., Rivea Choisy, or Ipomoea L.) . Stietoeardia Hallier Filaments with a large scale at the base within. Corolla shortly lobed. Disc cupular. Ovary 2-celled. Ovules 4. Stigma capitate, 2-lobed. Twining herbs. Leaves usually lobed. Flowers in N cymes. 30 Filaments without a scale at the base. . . REN SC. Sepals distinctly unequal. Corolla bell- fee Fruit 2 ae Seed- coat granular. Flowers medium-sized. — Species I. East Africa. Lepistemonopsis Dammer Sepals nearly equal. Corolla pitcher-shaped. Fruit 4-valved. Seed-coat smooth. Flowers small. — Species 2. Central Africa. Noxious to Gene at Enns ran ee Dita. > Laer LTR solange: 462 202. CONVOLVULACEAE — 203. HYDROPHYLLACEAE 31. Stigmas 2, oblong or linear. Corolla funnel-shaped, white red or violet. Seeds hairy. Plants with star-shaped hairs. — Species 20. Central and South-east Africa. . . . TER Astrochlaena Hallier Stigmas I—3, more or less capitate. Plants without star-shaped hairs. 32 32. Pedicels club-shaped, becoming large and fleshy in the fruit. Sepals - cartilaginous, pointed or awned. Corolla very large, regular, salver- shaped, white or violet. Ovary 2-celled. Stigma biglobose. Seeds glabrous. Twining herbs. Leaves cordate or lobed. — Species 2. Naturalized in the tropics. Ornamental and medicinal plants; the young seeds are edible. (Under Ipomoea L.) . Calonyction Choisy Pedicels not much thickened in the fruit. . . 7 33. Anthers and stigmas projecting beyond the serie. sabes ‘Ovary 4-celled. Corolla scarlet, medium-sized, salver-shaped, usually somewhat irregular. Sepals herbaceous, ending in a short point. Seeds glabrous or downy. Twining herbs. Leaves cordate, lobed, or pinnately dissected. Flowers in cymes. — Species 2. Naturalized in the tropics and in South Africa. Ornamental plants. (Under Ipomoea L.) nae Quamoclit Tourn. Anthers and stigmas usually concealed within the corolla-tube. Ovary 1—3-celled, rarely 4-celled, but then corolla not scarlet and salver-shaped. Corolla regular. — Species 220. Some of them (especially the sweet potato, I. Batatas Lam.) yield edible tubers from which also starch and brandy are prepared, besides vegetables, fodder, and medicaments, others are used in preparing rubber, for fixing sand-dunes, or as orna- mental plants. (Including Batatas Choisy and Pharbitis Choisy). Ipomoea L. SUBORDER BORRAGININEAE FAMILY 203. HYDROPHYLLACEAE Erect herbs or undershrubs. Juice not milky. Leaves alternate, herbaceous, undivided, without stipules. Flowers solitary or in cymes or panicles, regular, hermaphrodite. Sepals united at the base, narrow, imbricate in bud. Corolla more or less bell-shaped, 5—ı2-cleft, imbricate in bud. Stamens as many as and alternating with the corolla-lobes, inserted on the lower part of the corolla- tube, equal or subequal in length. Anthers attached at the back, opening inwards by two longitudinal slits. Disc none. Ovary superior, completely or almost completely 2-celled, with numerous descending, inverted ovules in each cell. Styles 2, free or partly united. Fruit a capsule opening by 2—4 valves or irregularly. Seeds with a small, straight embryo and copious albumen. — Genera 2, species 8. Tropical and South Africa. Flowers 5-merous. Corolla blue. Styles free. Placentas free from the pericarp. Seed-coat wrinkled. Glandular-hairy or glabrous plants. — Species 6. Tropics. [Tribe HYDROLEEAE.] . . . Hydrolea L. Flowers 8—ı2-merous. Corolla white or yellow. Styles united below. Placentas attached to the valves of the fruit. Seed-coat bladdery. Spinous plants. — Species 2. South Africa to Damaraland. [Tribe PEt Oem te 8 ee: CONVOLVULACEAE. PLOW. PL. AFR. Ph, 137. J. Fleischmann del. Jacquemontia capitata Don A Flowering branch. B Flower cut lengthwise. C Fruit (without the calyx). D Seed. BORRAGINACEAE, FLOW. PL. AFR. J. Fleischmann del. Cordia senegalensis Juss. A Flowering branch. BF lower cut lengthwise. CAnther. D Cross-section of ovary. E Group of fruits. F Fruit cut lengthwise. 204. BORRAGINACEAE 463 FAMILY 204. BORRAGINACEAE Leaves, at least the upper ones, alternate, undivided, without stipules, usually hairy. Inflorescences usually raceme- or spike-like, cymose, one-sided, and rolled back when young. Flowers 4—7-merous, mostly 5-merous, her- maphrodite. Petals united below, with imbricate or contorted aestivation. Stamens as many as and alternating with the corolla-lobes, inserted on the tube or the throat of the corolla. Anthers opening inwards by longitudinal slits. Disc more or less distinctly developed. Ovary superior, sessile, usually lobed, 4-celled, rarely 2-celled. Ovule ı in each cell; micropyle superior. Style 1, undivided or 2—4-cleft, rarely (Coldenia) 2 free styles. Fruit a drupe or a schizocarp formed of 2—4 dry and indehiscent nutlets, rarely (Wellstedia) acapsule. Seeds erect or horizontal ; testa membranous ; albumen scanty or wanting. — Genera 37, species 370. (ASPERIFOLIACEAE.) (Plate 132.) I. Style inserted at the apex of the ovary. Fruit usually succulent drupe- like and entire. : 2 Style inserted between fi site of the BEER NE N or 2—4- a ovary. Fruit dry, of 2—4 nutlets. Flowers 5-merous. Herbs or undershrubs, rarely shrubs. [Subfamily BORRAGINOIDEAE.| . 9 2. Style twice 2-cleft ; stigmas 4. Ovary entire. Fruit a drupe with a I—4- celled stone. Trees or shrubs. — Species 40. Tropical and South Africa and Egypt. They yield timber, fibre, edible fruits, and medica- ments. (Plate 132.) [Subfamily CORDIOIDEAE. | 3 Cordia L. Style undivided or 2-cleft, rarely 2 free styles; stigmas I—2. Fruit a drupe with 2—4 stones or a schizocarp mh fe into several nutlets, rarelyacapsule. . . . xp er 3. Style with a stigmatose ring bay the rt or 2- ie apex. BS apeaniily HELIOTROPIOIDEAE.) . . . Sts char Style without a stigmatose ring below the apex. Owiiry Se ef A 4. Fruit more or less fleshy, drupe-like, with 2—4 stones. Seeds with a more or less copious albumen. Shrubs or trees. — Species 7. Tropical and South Africa.“ "Used medicinally’ “°° Tournefortia L. Fruit dry, of 2—4 nutlets. Seeds with a scanty albumen. Herbs or undershrubs, rarely shrubs. — Species 60. Some of them are used as vegetables or as ornamental or medicinal plants. (Including Messer- schmiedia DC.) BE EN 0 Heliotropium L. 5. Ovary 2-celled. Style 2-cleft. Fruit a capsule. Flowers 4-merous. Shrubs. — Species 1. Island of Socotra. . . Wellstedia Balf. fil. Ovary completely or incompletely 4-celled. Fruit a drupe. (Subfamily EHRETIOIDEAE.| . . nn EVEN in =. 6 6. Style simple with an entire or jobed BER, Sarah 16 meter. 27% Style 2-cleft or 2 free or almost freestyles. . . 2 + een 8 7. Anthers globose. Leaves orbicular. Inflorescence dense, spike like. — Species 1. East Africa (Somaliland). . . . .- Poskea Vatke Anthers oblong. Leaves oblong. Inflorescence loose, corymb-like. — Species 1. West Africa. Seb ket eto bu he. eis) Mare, 464 8. Io. II. I2. zB, 14. 15. 16. 204. BORRAGINACEAE Style 1, two -cleft. Shrubs or trees. — Species 30. Tropical and South Africa. Some species yield timber, edible fruits, or medicaments. Ehretia L. Styles 2, free or nearly so. Anthers included. Prostrate herbs. Flowers solitary, axillary. —- Species 1. Central Africa. Used medicinally. Coldenia L. . (1.) Ovary 2-celled, 2-ovuled. Nutlets 2, adnate to the columnar re- ceptacle by the ventral face. — Species 1. North-west Africa. [Tribe HERPAGONELLEREN I EEE Rochelia Reichb. vary Wicelled, 4-ovuled. RE ION ON Flowers more or less irregular. Corolla funnel-shaped, with an oblique limb and more or less unequal lobes. Stamens usually unequal in leneth. - [Tribe BCHIBPAR MT RIEF oer ee. 5 (nnn IS TSEIUAT.. coe. Met At oe | hn sos en NE Calyx-segments 5, distinctly unequal, or 4. ER bane 2 in the tube of the corolla. Low shrubs or undershrubs. . . ee Calyx-segments 5, equal or subequal. Stamens me the corolla. Nutlets seated upon a flat receptacle.. . . Calyx-segments 5, one of which is very small, or 4. Corolla 2-lipped. Nutlets laterally attached to the conical receptacle. Stems and leaves clothed with white bristles. — Species 1. North Africa to Nubia. Echiochilon Desf. Calyx-segments 5, one or two of them smaller than the others. Corolla almost regular. Nutlets seated upon the flat receptacle. — Species 3. Central Africa. (Under Lobostemon Lehm.) . Leurocline S. Moore Style entire with an entire or shortly lobed stigma, Filaments usually with a hairy scale at the base. Corolla almost regular. — Species 50. South Africa. . 4, ey in Lobostemon Lehm. Style 2-cleft at the apex. ee ae a scale at the base. — Species 45. North Africa and northern Central Africa, one species also natural- ized in South Africa. Some of them are used as ornamental, medicinal, or dye-plants. “Buglos.” . . . BR > 10 HERRIN (10.) Nutlets inserted on a flat or very slightly convex receptacle (gyno- base. . = Nutlets inserted on an KR more or eles deonititin or satienaas receptacle [epmienese)s.0 1... eis. ER ee Surface of attachment of the nutlets flat or slightly convex, rarely some- what concave and then small. [Tribe LITHOSPERMEAE.] . . 16 Surface of attachment of the nutlets concave and large, usually with a prominent ring-like margin. [Tribe ANCHUSEAE.] . . . . 22 Ovary 2-lobed. Nutlets 2, two-celled. Glabrous or papillose plants. Corolla yellow. Anthers acuminate.— Species 3. North-west Africa. Used as ornamental or medicinal plants. . . . . Cerinthe L. Ovary 4-lobed. Nutletst—4,one-celled.. . . 2. 1. 1. 2. 1. Y 17. 18. 19. 20. 2I. 22. 23. 25. 204. BORRAGINACEAE 465 Corolla with contorted aestivation, blue red or white. Inflorescence with bracts at the base or without bracts. — Species 15. North and South Africa and mountains of soho Africa. : Used as ornamental or medicinal plants. ‘‘ Forget-me-not.’ oka Ey ‘ea Myosotis L. Corolla with quincuncially imbricate dastivn idem: Bund) 2S Ee Anthers ending in along point. Stigmaentir. . . . . . . . Ig Anthers blunt or shortly pointed. . . . . 20 Anthers oblong, with a very long point. Fame: ER a gorehs shaped appendage at the back. Corolla-lobes long. — Species 1. Island of Socotra... : « . . Cystistemon Balf. fil. Anthers linear- take, Füsse vi an appendage at the back. Corolla-lobes very short. Corolla yellow, white, or red. — Species 4. North Africa. Used as ornamental, medicinal, and dye-plants. (In- cluding Podonosma Guerke) . . . + Iuoairw Onosma L. Corolla-tube with a glandular ring at the ee Corolla yellow or violet. Style 2—4-cleft. — Species 5. North Africa and northern Central Africa. Some species are used as ornamental or dye-plants. Arnebia Forsk. Corolla-tube without a glandular ring. : 21 Corolla with long and dense hairs, but! without sales x the eitout. Fila- ments as long as the anthers. Stigma I, almost entire. Low shrubs or undershrubs. — Species 2. East Africa (Somaliland). Sericostoma Stocks Corolla with hollow scales, folds, or thin hairs at the throat. Stigmas 2, more or less distinct. — Species 15. South, North, and East Africa. Used for dyeing and in medicine. ‘“ Gromwell.” Lithospermum L. (15.) Calyx shortly lobed or cleft half-way down, enlarged in the fruit. Corolla-tube cylindrical, with scales on the inside. Style simple with a 2-parted stigma, or 2-cleft. — Species 5. North Africa. Nonnea Medik. Calyx deeply divided. Stigma usually entire. . . rer. as Corolla rotate ; tube short, bearing hollow scales on theii inner sta Fila- ments appendaged on the back. — Species 2. North Africa. They are used as pot-herbs or as ornamental or medicinal plants. ‘“ Borage.” Borrago L. Corolla more or less tubular. Filaments unappendaged onthe back. . 24 . Corolla without hollow scales at the throat, but sometimes with small scales in the lower part of the tube. — Species 2. North Africa. They yield adye and medicaments. . . . . . . Alkanna Tausch. Borellawitß hollow scales at the throat...) ....0elle Urt. = 200 0,25 Corolla with long narrow scales at the throat ; lobes very short. — Species 2. Naturalized in North Africa. They serve as vegetables or as medicinal or dye-plants. “Comfrey.” . . . . Symphytum L. Corolla with short scales at the throat. — Species 15. North Africa to Abyssinia and South Africa. Some species serve as vegetables or as 2G 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 3E. 32. 33. 204. BORRAGINACEAE ornamental or medicinal plants. ‘ Alkanet.’’ (Including Stomotechium Lehmidn4 ..>1 tf oy Anchusa L. (14.) Tips of the philets consideralily EN above their surface of attachment. [Tribe ERITRICHIEAE.] B- 15% 27 Tips of the nutlets scarcely or not projecting above ress stb af sitach- ment, [Tribe CYNOGLOSSEAE.]... . 21T Surface of attachment of the nutlets at least half as lan as their ventral BIITRASE. .. {2+ ST Surface of a kanent a the aitlaih PEEBERERR: ee Evo half their ventral surface. Prostrate herbs. . . . ee Nutlets beset with hooked bristles, newally inarehatil, — BR 7. North and South Africa. Some are used medicinally. (Echinospermum Swartz)... ©... sd Lappula Moench Nutlets without paces biel, ae matted: — Species I. North-west Africa. (Megastoma Coss. et Durieu) . . . . Eritriehium Schrad. Surface of attachment of the nutlets not margined ; nutlets keeled on the back. Calyx much enlarged in fruit. — Species 1. North-west Africa. Used for dyeing and in medicine... . . .. . Asperugo L. Surface of attachment of the nutlets surrounded by a prominent margin. Calyx slightly enlarged in fruit. . . . 30 Surface of attachment of the nutlets deliiaecoieche: srl a slices pro- jecting margin. — Species I. Naturalized in the Mascarene Islands. Bothriospermum Bunge Surface of attachment of the nutlets deep-concave, with a toothed margin. — Species I. Egypt... <1 pas! Gastrocotyle Bunge (26.) Nutlets attached to the east towards their apex, saccate at the base. Calyx slightly enlargedinthe fruit. . . . i) 32 Nutlets attached to the receptacle by almost their whole inner Sundern 34 Corolla-segments erect, blue or red. Anthers projecting beyond the corolla-tube. Stigma capitate. Inflorescence compact. — Species 2. Ort „Africa... | a>) .s90k8 N ui « Solenanthus Ledeb. Corolla-segments rat ; ihbe stant Anthers concealed within the corolla-tube.... . ©. Ee Nutlets distinctly concave on the Ba BER an inflezen margin. Corolla white or blue, with a very short tube. — Species I. Naturalized in North Africa. An ornamental plant, also used in medicine. Omphalodes Moench Nutlets nearly flat on the back. Stigma broadened. — Species 20. Some of them are poisonous or used medicinally. “ Houndstongue.” Cynoglossum L. 34. Calyx much enlarged after flowering, enclosing the fruit. Corolla without distinct scales within. Anthers prolonged at the apex into a long, usually twisted appendage, Inflorescence bracteate. Lower leaves opposite. — Species 20. Tropical and South Africa, Sahara, and Egypt. Some are used medicinally. (Borraginoides Boerh., Pollichia Medik.) Trichodesma R. Br. 204. BORRAGINACEAE — 205. VERBENACEAE 467 Calyx not or slightly enlarged after flowering. Corolla with scales inside. Anthets unappendaged. Leaves alternate. . . . . .° . . 35 35. Corolla wheel-shaped, with 10 scales or swellings at the base of the tube, white or yellowish. Anthers short, blunt, projecting beyond the corolla- tube. Nutlets 1—3. — Species 1. South Africa. Tysonia Bolus Corolla funnel-shaped, without scales or swellings at the base of the tube. 36 36. Anthers projecting beyond the corolla-tube, oblong or linear. Style long. Corolla yellowish-red. Nutlets smooth, with an entire margin. — Species I. North-west Africa. (Mattia Schult.) . Rindera Pall. Anthers concealed within the corolla-tube. Style short. Corolla blue or wesen Species 3: Egypt. . ven Paracaryum Boiss. SUBORDER VERBENINEAE FAMILY 205. VERBENACEAE Leaves opposite or whorled, very rarely alternate, simple or compound with 1—7 leaflets, without stipules. Flowers nearly always more or less irregular, hermaphrodite or polygamous. Sepals more or less united below. Petals 4—8, usually 5, united below, imbricate in bud, the foremost inside. Stamens 4, usually in two pairs of unequal length, alternating with the corolla-lobes, rarely 2 or (Tectona) 5—6. Filaments free. Anthers opening inwards by two longitudinal slits. Disc more or less distinctly developed. Ovary superior, sessile, entire or slightly lobed, completely or incompletely 2- or 4-celled, rarely (Duranta) 8-celled, sometimes only I cell fertile. Ovules solitary in each complete or incomplete cell; micropyle turned downwards. Style terminal or nearly so, simple or 2—4-cleft. Seeds with straight embryo. — Genera 27, species 340. . (Plate 133.) I. Flowers in racemose (centripetal) u racemes or heads. Ovules basal, Mivertied, .ı 15.) © e202 Flowers in cymose (nadie aes or Sata vues aden laterally or at the apex, straight or half-inverted. . . . 2. 0.0. I5 2. Seeds albuminous. Fruit dry. Ovary 2-celled; one cell sometimes rudimentary. Stamens 4. Leaves whorled, densely crowded, linear. Low shrubs. [Subfamily STILBOIDEAE. | . SIUM) „uno et zZ Seeds exalbuminous. Leaves usually opposite. [Subfamily VERBENOI- Be ee An ee zZ 3. Corolla two-lipped, 5-lobed. SEATS ADE OAS) a NE We” | Al Corolla regular or nearlyso.. . . er WG 4. Calyx slightly two-lipped. Upper lip of the ail fat. WAateS halves parallel, free. Leaves in whorls of three. — Species 1. South Africa. Xeroplana Briq. Calyx regular. Upper lip of the corolla slightly convex. Anther-halves divergent below, confluent at the apex. Leaves in whorls of four. — Species 1. South Africa (Cape Colony). x Eurylobium Hochst. 468 5. Io. IT; I2. 13. 205. VERBENACEAE Calyx two-lipped. Anther-halves divergent below, confluent at the apex. Stigma entire. Corolla 5-lobed. — Species 1. South Africa (Cape Colony). . .. - . «; » v2 202.5; Buihystachyas AD Calyx regular or nearly so. Anther-halves parallel. . . . . . . 6 . Corolla 4-lobed, with a wide tube. Calyx 5-parted. Stigma 2-lobed. Fruit dehiscing by 4 valves. — Species 1. South Africa. Campylostachys Kunth Corolla 5-lobed, with a narrow tube. Fruit indehiscent. — Species 5. Be AirIcd. . |g ee Be : Stilbe Berg . Flowers in racemes. ‘Corolla a *5- eo. Stamens 4. Fruit fleshy, Shrubs. [Iribe CITHAREXYLEAF.] . , 3. pee Flowers in spikes or heads. Stamens 4 with more or less parallel anther- halves, or 2... Ovary 2- or 4-celled.. . 2%... 45) We . Racemes few-flowered. Anther-halves divergent. Ovary 4-celled. Style- apex 2-cleft. Fruit with 2 stones. — Species 2. Islands of Madagascar and. Sacotta:.ts,.is . . . Coelocarpus Balf. fil. Racemes many- tee] ER parallel. Ovary 8-celled. Style- apex 4-cleft. Fruit with 4 stones. — Species 1. Naturalized in various- regions. An ornamental and hedge-plant with edible fruits. Duranta L. . Ovary 2-celled. Ovules 2. Fruit two-celled or separating into 2 one- celled mericarps. Seeds 2, very rarelyı. [Tribe LANTANEAE.]. 10 Ovary 4-celled. Ovules 4. Fruit separating into 2 usually two-celled, or into 4 one-celled mericarps. Seeds 4, very rarely 2. Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla unequally 5-lobed. Stamens 4. Herbs or undershrubs. . 14 Perfect stamens 2. Anther-halves spreading as Calyx 5- ribbed and 5-toothed. 2 BR an Perfect stamens 4. Sites halves ehe Mr aD su re: Ovary and fruit with an anticous and a posticous cell or stone. Corolla 2-lipped. Shrubs. — Species I. Cape Verde Islands. Ubochea Baill. Ovary and fruit with two lateral cells or stones. — Species 6, one of them only naturalized. Tropics. Used as ornamental or medicinal plants. (Valerianodes Medik.) . . nnd Stachytarpheta Vahl’ Calyx long, tubular, 5-ribbed, 5- sania Corolla 5-lobed. Fruit dry. Herbs or undershrubs. — Species 20. South and Central Africa. Bouchea Cham. Calyx short, 2—4-ribbed or without ribs. Corolla unequally 4—5-lobed. 13: Calyx 2—4-lobed, two-ribbed. Corolla 4-lobed. Fruit dry. — Species- 17. Some are used as ornamental or medicinal plants; one of them (L. citriodora Kunth) yields also an aromatic oil and serves as a substitute- for tea. (Including Zapania Scop.) . . . 208 24 clidippiaae Calyx entire or toothed. Fruit fleshy. — Speeis 10, 7 natives of Central and South Africa, 3 naturalized there and on the Canary Islands. Some- of them are used as ornamental or medicinal plants. . . Lantana L.. 205. VERBENACEAE » 469 ‘14. Fruit separating into 2 usually two-celled mericarps, enveloped by the enlarged and more or less inflated calyx. — Species I. East and South Africa. [Tribe PRIVEAE.] (19 Z ve % Priva Adans. Fruit separating into 4 one-celled ürieas, surrounded by the not or scarcely enlarged calyx. — Species 4, two of them natives of North and East Africa and naturalized in other regions, the others naturalized in various countries. They are used as ornamental and medicinal plants and for preparing an aromatic oil. “ Vervain.” [Tribe EUVERBEN- EAE.] Mar ‚3 Verbena L. 5. (I.) Ovules ehchfliihe froth ie töy of a ifn dattrall 4-winged placenta, straight. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla white or yellow, nearly equally 4-cleft. Stamens 4. Anthers exserted. Fruit dehiscing by 2 valves, one-seeded. Shrubs or trees. — Species 2. Shores of tropical and South-east Africa and Egypt. They yield timber, tanning material, and medicaments. [Subfamily AVICENNIOIDEAE.] Avicennia L. Ovules parietal or axile, laterally attached, half-inverted. Fruit dehiscing by 4 valves or indehiscent, usually separating into mericarps. . . 16 16. Fruit a 4-valved capsule. Ovary incompletely 4-celled. Style divided ‘into 2 awl-shaped branches. Stamens 4. Anther-halves spreading horizontally. Shrubs or trees. Leaves with 7 leaflets. — Species I. Madagascar. [Subfamily CARYOPTERIDOIDEAE.] Varangevillea Baill. Fruit a drupe, a nut, or a schizocarp, indehiscent or Fin into meri- leaps. ‚Tür, YB) 17 17. Ovary echtrpiekäig or iteorpleiäigen 2- cele. Dale 2. Seaifiens 4. Anther-halves parallel, with an appendage at the base. Calyx Io- ribbed, 5-toothed. Fruit I—2-celled, indehiscent, I—2-seeded. Seeds albuminous. Herbs. Flowers solitary or in false spikes. {Subfamily CHLOANTHOIDEAE, tribe ACHARITEAE.] . . . ee 18 Ovary completely or incompletely 4-celled. Ovules 4. Fruit 2—4-celled or separating into 2—4 mericarps. Seeds exalbuminous. Shrubs or trees!’ [Subfamily VITICOIDEAE.} °° 22298 unsm, 5 Day ea TG 18. Calyx distinctly enlarged in the fruit. Corolla 4-lobed ; tube included. Anthers included. Stigma entire. Fruit with a thin rind, I-celled or unequally 2-celled. Flowers in false Er I—3 in each bract. — Species 2. Madagascar. . . y9V. Acharitea Benth. Calyx scarcely or not enlarged in fe fruit. Carolla 5-lobed ; tube exserted. Anthers slightly exserted. Fruit with a somewhat fleshy rind, incom- pletely 2-celled. Flowers solitary or in clusters of 2—5 in the axils of the leaves. — Species I. Island of Rodrigues. . Nesogenes A. DC. 19. Flowersregular. Stamens 4—6,equal. Fruitadrupe. Leaves undivided. 20 Flowersmore orlessirregular. Stamens 4,in two pairs of unequallength. 21 20. Flowers 4-merous. Calyx shortly toothed, unchanged in fruit. Stamens inserted on the upper part of the corolla-tube. Fruit with 3—4 stones. Shrubs. Leaves toothed. Cymes axillary. — Species 1. Island of Réunion. [Tribe CALLICARPEAE.] „u Vs, Callicarpa L. 470 205. VERBENACEAE — 200. LABIATAE Flowers 5—6-merous. Calyx cleft halfway down, inflated in fruit. Stamens inserted on the lower part of the corolla-tube. Fruit with a 4-celled stone. Tall trees. Leaves entire. Cymes arranged in a terminal panicle. — Species 1 (7. grandis L., teak). Cultivated in the tropics. Yields valuable timber, tanning bark, oil, and medicaments. [Tribe TECGTIONEAE.) . . - ee eae 21. Flowers solitary, axillary. ake arated ot + Sea Flowers in cymes or inflorescences composed of cymes. Style-apex or stigma 2-cleft.. . . : ao Og 22. Calyx 2-parted. Anthers N eh cole _ Spa 2. East Africa. (Under Holmskioldia Retz). . . . Cyclocheilon Oliv. Calyx 5-cleft. Anthers exserted. Stigma 2-parted. Pedicels partly transformed into spines. — Species1. Central and South Africa. (Under Clerodendron L.) . . . oe + gab Kalaharia Baill. 23. Fruit with 2 two-celled or 4 one- elien or Anthers exserted. Corolla 5-lobed. Leaves undivided or lobed. [Tribe CLERODENDREAE.] 24 Fruit with a single, 2—4-celled stone. [Tribe VITICEAE.] . . . 25 24. Calyx rotate ; tube very short, enclosing the fruit ; limb spreading, entire or obscurely lobed, coloured, much enlarged in fruit. Corolla with a curved tube and an oblique limb. — Species 4. East Africa and Mada- gascar. Used as ornamental plants. (Under Clerodendron L. or Cyclonema Hochst.) . . . rg Holmskioldia Retz Calyx campanulate or tubular, not ch a in fruit. — Species 130. Tropical and South Africa and Egypt. Some species are used as orna- mental or medicinal plants. asia Cyclonema Hochst. and Siphon- antha L.) (Plate 133.) ; bas Clerodendron L. 25. Corolla 4-lobed, small, white blue or rei Leaves undivided. Species 20. Tropics. Some of them yield timber, condiments, or medicaments. . . Sai «To ls tele Premna L. Corolla 5-lobed. Calyx 5- and or ‘ee colait. - alle .. 20 26. Seeds with a membranous border. Fruit on N Leaves undivided. — Species 1. Madagascar . . . . Adelosa Baill. Seeds without a membranous border. Fruit nie septate. Leaves usually compound with 3—7 leaflets. — Species 100. Some of them yield timber, vegetables, edible fruits, or medicaments. Vitex L. FAMILY 206. LABIATAE Stem usually 4-angled. Branches and leaves opposite or whorled, very rarely alternate. Leaves simple, without stipules. Flowers in cymose false- whorls, usually more or less irregular. Calyx with open aestivation. Corolla more or less distinctly two-lipped and 2—6-lobed, more rarely regularly 4-cleft, imbricate in bud, the foremost lobe inside. Stamens 4, usually in two pairs of unequal length, or 2, inserted on the corolla. Filaments usually free. Anthers. opening inwards by slits. Disc present. Ovary superior, 4-lobed or 4-parted, 4-celled. Ovules solitary in each cell, basal, inverted, rarely lateral and half- VERBENACEAE, Pr. 333: BEOW.PL.AFR. J. Fleischmann del. Clerodendron formiearum Guerke inhabited by ants. ings g branch. B Flower cut lengthwise. C Cross-section of ovary. D Leaves with swell werin: A Flo LABIATAE. FLOW. PL. AFR. Pl. 134. J. Fleischmann del. Plectranthus madagascariensis Benth. A Flowering branch. B Flower. C Flower cut lengthwise. D Fruit. E Seed. 206. LABIATAE 471 inverted or curved ; micropyle turned downwards. Style inserted between the lobes of the ovary, simple or 2-cleft, rarely (Cleonia) 4-cleft. Fruit separating into 4 nutlets, rarely (Prasium) drupe-like. Seeds without albumen or with a very scanty albumen. — Genera 70, species 1200. (Plate 134.) I. Nutlets with a large, lateral surface of attachment. Ovary slightly lobed, rarely to the middle ; style more or less terminal. Stamens ascending. Corolla 2-lipped, with a 3-lobed lower lip, or 1-lipped. [Subfamily AJUGOIDEAE.| ... . Pisnd a2 Nutlets with a small, basal or suhbasal ane a TEUER Ovary deeply lobed or divided ; style springing from between the lobes. . 5 2. Nutlets smooth. Ovary deeply lobed ; style springing from between the lobes. Disc equal-sided. Stamens 2. Anthers ı-celled. Calyx 2- lipped, ıı-nerved. Corolla blue or white, 2-lipped; tube glabrous within ; lower lip with a strongly concave middle lobe. Shrubs. Leaves linear. — Species 1. North Africa and Cape Verde Islands. Yields an aromatic oil which is also used medicinally, and serves as an ornamental plant. ‘‘ Rosemary.” [Tribe ROSMARINEAE.] Rosmarinus L. Nutlets wrinkled. Ovary slightly lobed; style terminal. Stamens 4. Anthers 2-celled ; cells divergent or divaricate, sometimes confluent at tne top. |Iribe ATJUGEAEN 5 % igs a an ental 3. Calyx 2-lipped, with entire lips, inflated in sae een red or violet, 2-lipped, with a short erect upper lip. Nutlets oblong, furnished with a large shield-shaped wing on the back. Leaves entire. — Species 20. Central Africa to Transvaal. Some are used medicinally. Tinnea Peyr. & Kotschy Calyx equally or somewhat unequally 5-toothed. Nutlets rounded on the back, wingless. a: 4 4. Corolla 1-lipped, all its lobes Mice “apr sabe the A _- u 35. North, East, and South Africa. Some species are used as ornamental or medicinal plants. “‘Germander.” . . re Teuerium L. Corolla 2-lipped, with a short upper lip. — specie 9. North Africa, north- ern Central Africa, Madagascar, and South Africa. Some species are used as ornamental or medicinal plants. “ Bugle.” . . Ajuga Il. 5. Nutlets drupe-like, with a fleshy mesocarp and a crustaceous endocarp. Calyx subequally 5-cleft. Corolla white or pink, 2-lipped; upper lip entire, lower 3-cleft ; tube included, hairy within. Stamens 4, ascending. Style-branches subequal. Shrubs. False whorls two-flowered. — Species I. North Africa. [Subfamily PRASIOIDEAE. | Prasium L. Nutlets dry, but the fruiting calyx sometimes succulent, berry-like. . 6 6. Seeds more or less horizontal; radicle curved. Nutlets more or less depressed-globose. Calyx 2-lipped ; lips entire, one of them bearing on its back a scale-like appendage and falling after flowering. Corolla 2-lipped ; lower lip usually entire ; tube exserted. Stamens 4, usually ascending, the anticous with I-celled, the posticous with 2-celled anthers. Disc prolonged into a stalk-like gynobase. Style-branches unequal, — 472 206. LABIATAE Species 10. Tropical and North Africa. Some are used as ornamental or medicinal plants. “ ee ies Eebsinuly SCUTELLARIOI- DEAR ails Ina ir 2a: ©; wl Seutellaria L. Seeds erect; radicle straight. Calyx persistent in the fruit. Disc not prolonged into a'stalk. . . . dis 29 7. Disc divided into lobes placed one to the FREE “Calyx 13—I5- nerved. Corolla blue or violet; upper lip 2-cleft, lower 3-parted. Stamens 4, included, more or. less bent downwards. Anther-halves confluent at the apex. Stigmas flattened. Nutlets with a dorsal- subbasal point of attachment. — Species 15. ‘North Africa and northern Central Africa. Some of them yield an essential oil used in the prepara- tion of perfumes, varnishes, and medicaments, or serve as ornamental or medicinal plants, or for keeping off insects. “‘ Lavender.’’ [Sub- family LAVANDULOIDEAE.)| . . . ir Gu 19; Lavandula L. Disc entire or divided into lobes alternating With the ovary-lobes. Nutlets with a basal or a ventral-subbasal point of attachment. . . . . 8 8. Stamens descending upon the lower lip or the lower part of the corolla, or lying upon it. Anther-halves spreading, confluent at the apex. Corolla distinctly, rarely obscurely 2-lipped ; lower lip nearly always entire. [Subfamily OCIMOIDEAE, tribe OCIMEAE.] „1 i a Stamens ascending or projecting straight forwards. Corolla 2-lipped with a 3-lobed lower lip, or subequally 4-cleft. [Subfamily STACHYOIDEAE|]. | 34 9. Lower lip of the corolla entire, flat or slightly concave, somewhat exceeding the upper one; upper lip 3—4-lobed or -cleft. Stamens 4. [Subtribe MOSCHOSMINAE.| . . ERBEN nn Lower lip of the corolla or i orale ar SR concave: saucer-, pouch-, or boat-shaped. . . . Te ul DE : : 20 10. Corolla included in the calyx, eae with short, connivent A ve sessile. Style included, entire. Calyx 2-lipped, the upper lip with decurrent margins, much enlarged in the fruit. Shrubs. False whorls 6-flowered, spicately arranged. — Species 2. East Africa (Somaliland). Hyperaspis Briq. Corolla not included and globose. Anthers on EBEN developed fila- BDEBIS, |, 0. ‚mie ae Moyen cede oe 11. Corolla obscurely two-lipped, 4-lobed, very Set tutes, concealed within the corolla-tube. — Species 1. Central and South-east Africa. (Under Ocimum L.) . . . . Endostemon N. E. Brown Corolla distinctly a iemeii Se obscurely two- es but 5-lobed. Anthers projecting beyond the corolla-tube. . . 12 12. Calyx two-lipped ; margins of the upper > fiécnionank a the tobe Inflorescence spike- or raceme-like. . . sqilss sae Calyx two-lipped, but the margins of the tien iit nol denibapees or sub- equally 5-toothed. ren Lonadlerd.cgithy age 200,’ LABIATAE 473 13!’ Style-apex entire or obscurely notched. Filaments free, unappendaged. mat 9 omy, 14. Ps. 6. 17. 18. 19. 20. ' Corolla-tube projecting beyond the calyx. Bag (oo Fr aie ae ee Style-apex two-cleft or distinctly notched. . . . Me ES Upper lip of the calyx much enlarged and wrapped wena the other teeth in the fruit. Corolla-tube slightly projecting. Disc almost equal- _ sided. Shrubs. —Species3. East Africa. . Erythrochlamys Guerke Upper lip of the calyx not more enlarged in the fruit than the rest. Disc one-sided. — Species 75. wig and South Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants. . . . ui aia Ree Orthosiphon Benth. Filaments of the lower pair of stamens united halfway up, all unappendaged. — Species 9. Central and South Africa. (Under Ocimum L. or Orthosiphon Benth.) . . . Pea as Hemizygia Briq. Filaments free or the lower ones sHontiy united at the base ; the upper ones usually kneed, toothed, or crested near the base. — Species 75. Tropical and South Africa. Several species (especially O. Basilicum L., sweet basil) are used as pot-herbs, as medicinal or ornamental plants, as a substitute for tea, and for preparing an essential oil. (Including Becium oa creck it abolition. ; tt: iets} Ocimum LT. Style-apex entire or nearly so. Bilazg cul ” the lower pair of stamens united nearly to the top. Corolla-tube exserted. Fruiting calyx sub- equally 5-toothed. Shrubs. False whorls 2—6-flowered, spicately arranged. Flowers medium-sized. — Species 7.: South Africa. Syncolostemon E. Mey. Style-apex two-cleft. Filaments free. Herbs or undershrubs. False whorls 6—many-flowered and spicately arranged, or collected in heads Blowers, smailas ı.. ch Alta u: Brote False whorls arranged in dense heads. Calyx ovate-campanulate at the time of flowering ; fruiting calyx tubular, two-lipped, without transverse ribs at the base. — Species 50. Tropical and South-east Africa. Acrocephalus Benth. False whorls arranged in spikes. Fruiting calyx ovate-campanulate, more rarely tubular, but then with transverse ribsat the base. . . . . 18 Fruiting calyx ovate-campanulate with a shortly 3-toothed upper lip and an entire lower lip. False whorls 6—10-flowered. — Species 2. Central Afmieas 50. . . . Platostoma Beauv. Fruiting calyx wath a 2—4- sdonthedl kower =. or subequally 5-toothed. . IQ Fruiting calyx tubular, usually transversely ribbed at the base. False whorls many-flowered. — Species I5. Tropical and South-east Africa. Geniosporum Wall. Fruiting calyx ovate-campanulate. — Species 12. Tropical and South-east Africa. (Basilicum Moench, including Iboza N. E. Brown) Moschosma Reichb. (9.) Lower lip of the corolla abruptly bent downwards, short, saccate, narrowed at the base. Stamens 4. Herbs. — Species 6, two of them 474 206. LABIATAE only naturalized. Tropical and South-east Africa. Used medicinally ; the seeds of one species yield oil. (Maesosphaerum P. Br.) [Subtribe HYPTIDINAE.| . . . Ne Hyptis Jacq. Lower lip of the corolla not MERRE RR eey entire, exceeding the upper lip. Upper lip 3—4-lobed or entire. [Subtribe PLECTRAN- THINAE.} . . Pe Pe 21. Fertile stamens 2. in whitish or violet. Fruiting sat MN Shrubs. False whorls 2—4-flowered. -— Species I. Tropical and South-east Africa. The fruitsare edible. . . . Hoslundia Vahl Fertile stamens 4, . Fruiting,calyx dry. ++: 4.) sale 4) ts fe Sen 22. Filamentsfre. . . 7 2 Filaments united at the base ote a ee Bi ora sual anh behind. 27 23. Fruiting calyx bursting by a circular slit near the base. — Species 50. Central and South Africa. Some species are used as ornamental plants. (Including Icomum Hua). . . . . . Aeolanthus Mart. Fruiting calyx not bursting by a Eon slit hear the base:- »: (Use 24. Fruiting calyx tubular-elongate and curved or coiled, expanded at the base, constricted at the middle, subequally 5-toothed. Disc one-sided. Herbs or undershrubs. — Species 3. Madagascar and South Africa. (Under Plectranthus L’Her.) . . . . 2... Burnatastrum Brig. Fruiting calyx not tubular-elongate Si eurwed: iR VID TEE 25. Fruiting calyx bladdery-inflated, membranous, net-veined. Corolla pink ; upper lip almost entire. Disc equal-sided. False whorls many-flowered, arranged in racemes. Shrubs. — Species I. Central Africa. Alvesia Welw. Fruiting calyx notinflated. . - . =. EN DE a 26. Fruiting calyx with 5 subequal, subulate, Hibia: — spinous teeth. Disc almost equal-sided. Corolla blue or violet. False whorls arranged in spikes. Herbs. — Species 40. Tropical and South-east Africa. Pyenostachys Hook. Fruiting calyx with subequal but not rigid-subulate teeth, or two-lipped. Disc one-sided. — Species 160. Tropical and South Africa. Some species have edible tubers or serve as ornamental or medicinal plants or for keeping off insects. (Including Germanea Lam. and Symphostemon Welunw)ci(Plate 134). |. #2: 2:0 w=» Bleeiranikus Piss 27. Staminal tube slit open behind. Herbsorundershrubs.. . . . . 28 Staminal tube closed. MALE WEIHER REN LE cent aedenios cy ize 28. Calyx-lobes orbicular, much enlarged in the fruit, membranous, net-veined. Corolla-tube abruptly bent downwards; upper lip entire. Disc almost equal-sided. | Style-apex 2-cleft. Stem ascending. Leaves fleshy. False whorls 6-flowered, aggregated in panicled racemes. — Species I. East Africa. . . . . Capitanya Schweinf. Calyx-lobes ovate or nas sisal eluted in the fruit. Upper lip of the corolla 4-toothed or 4-lobed. Stem erect. False whorls in lax racemes. 29 29. 30. 31. 32. 33- 35- 36. 206. LABIATAE 475 Calyx distinctly 2-lipped. Corolla-tube abruptly bent downwards. Disc one-sided. Style-apex 2-cleft. False whorls of 6 or more flowers. — Species 5. Central Africa. (Under Plectranthus L’Hér.) Solenostemon Schum. & Thonn. Calyx subequally 5-toothed. Corolla-tube straight or slightly curved. 30 Corolla-tube curved, gibbous at the base. Disc nearly equal-sided. Style- apex notched. Leaves alternate, sometimes almost opposite or whorled. False whorls in terminal racemes. (See 26.) . . Plectranthus L’Her. Corolla-tube straight, not gibbous at the base. Disc one-sided. Style-apex two-cleft. Leaves opposite. False whorls 1—2-flowered, in axillary racemes. — Species 2. Central Africa.. . . . Englerastrum Brig. Calyx with an ovate, not much prolonged upper lip and narrower, acumin- ate lower teeth, little changed in fruit. — Species r10. Tropical and South Africa. Some have edible tubers or serve as ornamental or medicinal plants. . . rn, Coleus Lour. Calyx with a much Be upper Ins Habs or a RR - Filaments shortly united at the base. Fruiting calyx not bursting ; lower teeth suborbicular. Leaves oblong-lanceolate. Inflorescence dense, paniculate. — Species I. West Africa. Anisochilus Wall. Filaments united halfway up. Lower calyx-teeth acute. Leaves cordate Be ot 5000 ET le) A Inflorescence lax, panicle- or corymb-like. Leaves ovate. Fruiting calyx much ae ventricose, bursting at the base. — Species 3. West Africa. „ . vo ga ee tgs, oso Negmpellera Bria: Inflorescence dense, raceme- nee Leaves oblong-lyrate. Calyx-teeth nar- row. — Species 1. West Africa. . . . . . . Leocus A. Chev. . (8.) Anther-halves linear, usually separated by an enlarged connective. Stamens usually2. . . an eee ree) 3 Anther-halves oblong, ovate, or Riihnce Stamens usually 4... oso i BF Fertile stamens 4, the lower pair longer. Anthers with a very small connective and separate halves divergent below. Corolla obscurely 2-lipped ; tube slightly exserted, hairy at the base within. Calyx I3—15-nerved, with 5 subequal acuminate teeth. Shrubs. False whorls few-flowered. — Species I. Naturalized in the Island of Réunion. (Mahya Cordem.) [Tribe HORMINEAE.] . . . Sphacele Benth. Fertile stamens 2, with a lengthened connective. Calyx 2-lipped. . . 36 Anthers with both halves fertile, parallel, and attached to a short con- nective. Disc equal-sided. Corolla almost regular, 4-lobed. Shrubs. False whorls many-flowered. — Species 1. Abyssinia. Yields con- diments and medicaments. [Tribe MERIANDREAE.] Meriandra Benth. Anthers with one half only fertile and attached to one branch of the long connective, the other half abortive or wanting. Disc more or less one- sided. Corolla 2-lipped. — Species 80. Some of them yield condi- 476 206. LABIATAE ménts, medicaments, and a substitute for tea, or serve as ornamental plants, Sage.’ ‘(Tribe SALVIEAE.} “eo... 0 Salvia: 37. Anther-halves globose or ovate, spreading horizontally and usually con- | fluent at the apex, flat after opening. Stamens 4. Calyx subequally 5-toothed,' [Tribe POGOSTEMONEAE. 2°. oe ty gs - Anther-halves oblong or ovate, not flat after opening. . 103.8 38. Filaments unequal, the lower pair longer, glabrous. Kntheribalten tardily confluent. Disc one-sided. Corolla slightly 2-lipped, the upper lip ‘somewhat concave and notched, the lower 3-lobed. Herbs or under- shrubs. False whorls many-flowered. — Species 3. East Africa. ‘in Elsholtzia Willd. Filaments equal. Anther-halves confluent at an early stage. Disc almost equal-sided. Corolla subequally 4—5-lobed. | P x) a 39. Filaments bearded. Disc columnar, truncate. Coles eh Ma Corol- ‚la-lobes 4. Herbs. — Species 1. Southern East Africa. Pogostemon Desf. Filaments glabrous. Disc with 4 glands. Calyx-teeth unequal. Corolla- lobes 5. Shrubs or trees. False whorls 6—10-flowered, in paniculately arranged spikes. — Species 3. Madagascar. . Tetradenia Benth. 40. Stamens 4, the upper (posticous) pair longer than the lower, all parallel and ascending under the upper lip of the corolla. Calyx 13—15-nerved, subequally 5-toothed. Herbs. [Tribe NEPETEAE.] . . .. zz Stamens 4, the lower longer than the upper, or all equal, or only 2 present. 42 41. Anther-halves parallel or nearly so. Disc almost equal-sided. Corolla | white, with a much projecting tube. Leaves 3-partite. — Species I. Madeira and Canary Islands; naturalized in South Africa. Used as an ornamental plant. . . . . . Cedronella Moench Anther-halves spreading. — Species I 5, North and Central Africa. Some are used as ornamental or medicinal plants. . . . . Nepeta L. 42. Stamens and styles enclosed in the corolla-tube. Stamens 4, in two unequal pairs, the lower sometimes with rudimentary anthers. Anther- halves spreading. Style-apex entire or shortly and obtusely lobed. Calyx 5—r0-nerved, subequally 5—Io-toothed. Corolla 2-lipped ; tube not or slightly projecting beyond the calyx. [Tribe MARRUBI- |. Ll nl Neg eer Stamens and styles a the ner fripedliee sdowhts piojeecu beyond the corolla-tube, very rarely enclosed in it, but then anther-halves more or less parallel or calyx distinctly wer Corolla-tube usually projecting beyond the calyx. 3 1 aan 43. Nutlets truncate at the apex. Cilys IO—II- aller Upper lip of the corolla slightly convex. Anthers all fertile, those of the lower stamens larger ; halves confluent. Disc equal-sided. Herbs or undershrubs. — Species 6. South Africa and southern Central Africa. Acrotome Benth. 206. LABIATAE 477: Nutlets rounded attheapex. . i Tee Be 44. Anthers all fertile, the halves early eben a apex. ‚Falsa whorls of 45. 46. 48. 49. flowers axillary. Herbs. — Species 9. North Africa and Cape Verde Islands. Some are used medicinally. ‘‘ Hore-hound.”’ Marrubium L. Anthers of the upper stamens 2-celled, those of the lower nearly always abortive or rudimentary. Disc equal-sided. Calyx 5-toothed. Upper lip of the corolla nearly flat. Leaves undivided. — Species 20. North Africa. Some are used ee RBRIREHE Leucophae Webb et Berti). 8.01: u Sideritis L. Corolla distinctly is aioe Hits a convex, more or less helmet- -shaped upper lip. Stamens 4, in two pairs of unequal length, ascending under the upper lip of the corolla. [Tribe STACHYEAE.]. . ... . 46 Corolla two-lipped with a rather flat upper lip, or more or less regular. Leaves undivided. [TribeSATUREIEAE.] . . . san AGO Calyx compressed from front to back, Io-nerved, distinctly 2- Aaa upper lip 3-toothed, lower 2-cleft, bent towards the upper and closing the mouth of the calyx after flowering. Corolla blue, violet, red, or white ; tube exserted, widened above; upper lip entire, lower 3-lobed. Fila- ments with an appendage at the apex. Anther-halves separate, diver- gent. Herbs. False whorls 6-flowered, in dense racemes, with im- bricate bracts. [Subtribe BRUNELLINAE. ] F REN: Calyx more or less equally 5—-ıo-toothed, ag Eee but the lower lip not closing the mouth of the calyx. a LAMIINAE.]. . 48 . Corolla-tube narrow pel midlet ia the check? visions in! mb blue or violet; midlobe of the lower lip two-cleft. Disc one-sided. Style-apex 4 daft. Nutlets very slimy when wet. Bracts narrow, awned. — Species I. North-west Africa. . . . . . . Cleonia L. Corolla-tube wide, narrow at the throat, with a ring of hairs or scales within ; midlobe of the lower lip concave, toothed. Disc equal-sided. Style- apex 2-cleft. Nutlets not or slightly slimy when wet. Bracts broad. — Species 2. North Africa and Cape Verde Islands; one species also: naturalized in the Mascarene Islands. Used medicinally. (Prunella L.) Brunella L. Style-branches very unequal, the posterior much shorter than the anterior. Anther-halves spreading, finally confluent at the apex. Corolla white, yellow, or red ; upper lip very hairy. Herbsorundershrubs. . . 49 Style-branches equal or nearly equal, rarely distinctly pip but then the upper lip of the corolla almost glabrous. . . : x ob ee Upper lip of the corolla much longer than the ini one. Onlin with 8—10 unequal, usually stiff teeth. Disc equal-sided. Leaves toothed. — Species 30. Tropical and South Africa. Some are used as ornamental or medicinal plants. . . . .» Leonotis Pers. Upper lip of the corolla as Engage asor de an thelowerone. . . 50: 478 50. 51. 52. 53: 54. 55: 56. 57: 206. LABIATAE Upper lip of the corolla laterally compressed ; tube with a ring of hairs inside. Corolla red or yellow. Calyx 5-toothed. Disc equal-sided. False whorls 6- or more-flowered, axillary. — Species 4. North Africa. Used as ornamental or medicinal plants. . . . . . Phiomis L. Upper lip of the corolla not laterally compressed ; tube included. Corolla white or red. — Species 90. Tropical and South Africa and Egypt. Several species are used medicinally ; others are noxious weeds. (In- cluding Lastocorys Benth.) . . . . . . . . LeueasR. Br. Nutlets 3-angled, with a truncate apex. Leaves toothed or divided. . 52 Nutlets more or less egg-shaped, witha rounded apex. . . . . ~ 55 Style-branches very unequal. Calyx two-lipped with entire lips. Corolla red, with a much exserted tube. Small shrubs. — Species 1. East Africa (Somaliland). (Under Tinnaea Peyr. et Kotschy). Renschia Vatke Style-branches almost equal. Calyx 2-lipped with spiny-toothed lips, or subequally 5-toothed. Upper lip of the corolla hairy. Herbs. . . 53 Calyx-limb broadened, two-lipped, with 5—10 spiny teeth. Corolla white ; tube included, furnished with a ring of hairs inside, slightly widened above. Anther-halves spreading. Disc equal-sided. — Species I. North Africa (Tunisia). . . . . . Moluecella L. Calyx-limb not broadened, subequally A reed pee ic) ents orred. 54 Calyx-teeth spinous. Corolla-tube slightly widened above. Disc equal- sided. — Species 2. One a native of North Africa, the other naturalized in the Mascarene Islands. Used medicinally. ... te, Leonuras I Calyx-teeth unarmed. Corolla-tube ventricose above. Anther-halves finally spreading. — Species 8. North Africa and Abyssinia. Some species are used medicinally. “ Deadnettle.” . . . Lamium L. Nutlets densely clothed with scales at the apex. Corolla-tube glabrous within ; upper lip short, slightly concave, notched or two-lobed, glabrous or downy. Anther-halves usually confluent at an early stage. Disc equal-sided. Herbs. Leaves toothed. — Species 15. Tropics. Achyrospermum Wall. Nutlets not scaly. Anther-halves not or tardily confluent. . . . . 56 Anthers of the posterior stamens with one half, of the anterior with both halves developed; halves placed transversely. Disc equal-sided. Corolla-tube with a ring of hairs inside ; upper lip short, slightly concave, entire, glabrous or very scantily hairy. Calyx equally 5-toothed. Herbs. — Species 2. Mascarene Islands. Used medicinally. Anisomeles R. Br. Anthers all with both halves rn a = of the corolla more or essary: (hi cleie cia ij en eee Calyx funnel-shaped, ro- BEE 2- ippeds upper ae entire or 3-toothed, lower much larger, entire or 4-toothed. Corolla-tube with a ring of hairs inside; upper entire, densely hairy. Anther-halves finally 58. 59: 61. 62. 63. 206. LABIATAE 479 spreading. Disc equal-sided. False whorls many-flowered. Shrubs or undershrubs. — Species 8. Central Africa and Egypt. Otostegia Benth. Calyx equally or subequally toothed, very rarely iat ge with a 3- toothed upper and a 2-cleft lowerlip. . . . JENA Calyx funnel-shaped, Io-nerved, subequally feeds: Corolla white or red ; tube with a ring of hairs inside ; upper lip notched, densely hairy. Anther-halves finally spreading. Leaves toothed. — Species 7. North, East, and South Africa. Some species are used medicinally. Ballota L. Calyx tube- or bell-shaped, 5—10-nerved. — Species 80. Some of them are used as ornamental or medicinal plants, others are poisonous for cattle. (Including Betonica L.) . . . eT Stachys L. (45.) Stamens ascending under the upper lip “of the corolla, more or less arched. Corolla two-lipped. Herbs or undershrubs. [Subtribe MELISSINAE.] . . : EI ya 10 G0 73199 60 Stamens projecting atraiant foteratael than: 73 sito / 63 . Stamens 2. Anthers with 2 confluent halves, or with a fertile ada a rudi- mentary half, or one half only developed. Style-apex unequally two- cleft. Calyx 13-nerved, two-lipped. Corolla-tube shortly exserted, glabrous within. False whorls few-flowered. — Species 3. North Africa. Ziziphora L. Stamens 4. : ; =. 68 Corolla-tube seechiling-reflened? at ‘te roids, dlabfous rienlen Corolla white or yellowish. Calyx 13-nerved, two-lipped. Style-apex cleft into two subequal, awl-shaped branches. Leaves toothed. False whorls few-flowered. — Species 1. North Africa. Used as an orna- mental and medicinal plant. “Balm.” . . . . . . Melissa L. Corolla-tube straight or slightly curved... . O68 Calyx inflated in the fruit, 15—20-nerved, eg 5. Ist Corolla red; tube included, glabrous within. Style-apex cleft into two equal, awl-shaped branches. Undershrubs. Leaves entire. False whorls 4—6-flowered. — Species 1. North-west Africa (Algeria). (Under Barmreia LL.) 2TR oe: . . . . Saeeoealyx Coss. Calyx not inflated, 10o—15- ine Cobelli tube exserted. — Species 45. Some of them are used as pot-herbs (savory), as a substitute for tea, or as medicinal or ornamental plants. (Including Calamintha Moench, Clinopodium L., and Micromeria Benth.) . . . . . Satureia L. Calyx 15-nerved, equally 5-toothed. Corolla blue, barely N or white, 2-lipped, with an included tube. Stamens 4, in two pairs of unequal length, ascending at the base, divergent and projecting straight forwards towards the apex. Shrubs. Leaves entire, narrow. False whorls 6- or more-flowered. — Species 1. North-west Africa (Morocco). Used as an ornamental plant and for preparing perfumes and medicaments. [Subtribe HYSSOPINAE.] . . dake Bill }OGRaaepus aL. Calyx 1o—13-nerved. Stamens diveraent dag projecting straight forwards fmithe base] 201 10 po gps ga ge Beep No. igcoscey na PUB... 64 480 206. LABIATAE 64. Corolla two-lipped ; upper lip notched or 2-cleft, lower 3-cleft. Stamens 4, in two pairs of more or less unequal length. [Subtribe THYMINAE.] 65 Corolla equally or subequally 4-cleft ; tube included. Stamens 4, about equal in length, with ie halves, rarely only 2. Herbs. [Subtribe MENTHINAE.]) . . an ia 65. Calyx more or i“ Bitinctvas 2- lipped De iin “ro 11%. Senn Calyx equally 5-toothed. . . . 68 66. Upper lip of the calyx entire or pete a 3- hoothedi loves Hie slightly 2- toothed, almost entire, or rudimentary. Anther-halvesspreading. Herbs. Bracts suborbicular. — Species I (M. hortensis Moench). Cultivated and sometimes naturalized in North Africa. Used as a pot-herb, for the preparation of an essential oil and a kind of snuff, and in medicine: “ Marjoram.” (Under OriganumL.) . . . . Majorana Moench Upper lip of the calyx 3-toothed, lower 2-cleft. . . . . . . . & 67. Calyx-tube much compressed from above, 13-nerved. Corolla pink; tube exserted ; upper lip 2-cleft. Anthers with a small connective and spreading halves. Style-apex unequally 2-cleft. Shrubs. False whorls 6-flowered, in heads. — Species ı. North Africa. (Under Thymus L.) Coridothymus Reichb. fil. Calyx-tube more or less cylindric, not or slightly compressed. Anthers with a thick connective. Style-apex equally or subequally 2-cleft. — Species 20. North Africa and Abyssinia. Some species yield condi- ments, medicaments, and an essential oil, or serve as ornamental plants. “ Thyme.” ° cia G0) TE 68. Corolla-tube more or ee een ori palit Anthers exserted, with spreading halves. Style-apex unequally 2-cleft. Herbs. — Species 5. North Africa. They yield condiments, medicaments, and an essential oil. . . . . . Origanum L. Corolla-tube not projecting Bey ine ale, gAnth die with parallel halves. Shrubs. — Species 9. Madeira and Canary Islands. Bystropogon L’Her. 69. Stamens 2. Anther-halves finally spreading. Calyx equally 5-toothed, glabrous within. Nutlets truncate at the apex. Leaves toothed. False whorls many-flowered, axillary. Bracteoles small. — Species I. North Africa. Used medicinally. . . . . . . . Lycopus L. Stamens 4. . Nutlets round at theapex... 1: sc.) 6) jos) oa Se ge 70. Calyx equally 4-toothed, hairy within; teeth with an awn-like process. on the back. Stem decumbent. Leaves linear. False whorls axillary, many-flowered. Bracteoles large, as long as the flowers. — Species I. North-West Africa. Used medicinally. . . . . . Preslia Opiz Calyx equally or subequally 5-toothed ; teeth without an awn-like process on the back. Bracteoles small. — Species 9. North Africa, northern Central Africa, and South Africa, also naturalized in Madagascar, its. neighbouring islands, and St. Helena. Some species (especially M. piperita L., peppermint) yield condiments, medicaments, insectifuges, and an essential oil used as an aromatic or for medicinal purposes ; several serve as ornamental plants. “Mint.” . . . Mentha L. 207. SOLANACEAE 481 SUBORDER SOLANINEAE FAMILY 207. SOLANACEAE Leaves alternate, sometimes in pairs, simple, but sometimes (Solanum) dissected. Flowers solitary or in cymose inflorescences, 5-merous, very rarely 4- or pleio-merous. Corolla of united petals, usually regular or nearly so, mostly folded lengthwise in the bud. Stamens as many as the divisions of the corolla and alternating with them, rarely some of them rudimentary. Anthers turned inwards. Disc usually distinct. Ovary superior, 2—4-, rarely 5- or more-celled, usually 2-celled with the partition oblique to the median plane of the flower, rarely (Capsicum) incompletely septate. Ovules axile, usually numerous, inverted. Style simple; stigma usually 2-lobed. Fruit a berry or a capsule. Seeds albuminous. — Genera 16, species 220. (Including ATROPACEAE.) (Plate 135.) I. Fertile stamens fewer than the corolla-lobes, 2, rarely 4. Corolla violet or yellow, tube- or funnel-shaped ; lobes 5, club-shaped, alternating with entire or 2-lobed appendages. Ovary 2-celled. Fruit a capsule. Seeds with straight embryo. Herbs. Leaves undivided. Flowers panicled. — Species 2. Central Africa. They yield fish-poison. [Tribe SAL- EIGEOSSIDEAER:] I". <> *. . . Sehwenkia L. Fertile stamens as many as the beeline ines & REES EEE Br TS 2. Ovary 3—5-celled. Embryo much curved. Leaves entire, toothed, or lobed. Flowers solitary, large. . . 3 Ovary 2-celled, rarely incompletely 2- led or many- en IR a tion. Ki ee We ne mere: a Basha. Oe 4 3. Ovary-cells and placentas unequal. Calyx ae. with obcordate segments, enlarged after flowering and enveloping the fruit. Corolla blue, regular, bell-shaped. Fruit a berry. Herbs. — Species1. Natur- alized in various regions. An ornamental and medicinal plant. (Penta- gonia Heist.) [Tribe NICANDREAE.] . . . Nicandra Adams Ovary-cells and placentas equal, 4. Calyx tubular, 5-lobed, deciduous excepting the base. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a long tube. — Species 5, one of them only naturalized. They yield poisons, dyes, intoxicants, and medicaments, and serve as ornamental plants. ‘‘ Thorn-apple.” (Including Brugmansia Pers.) [Tribe DATUREAE.] . Datura L. 4. Seeds with a straight or slightly curved embryo, usually thick. Corolla with a long tube and a comparatively narrow limb. Flowers in cymes or cymose panicles. Leaves undivided. [Tribe CESTREAE.] . 5 Seeds with a strongly curved embryo, flat. [TribeSOLANEAE.] . . 6 5. Fruit a berry with one or few large seeds. Ovules few in each ovary-cell. Stamens inserted at or below the middle of the corolla-tube. Flowers incymes. Trees or shrubs. — Species 2. Naturalized in several islands. Ornamental and medicinal plants. [Subtribe CEsTRINAE.] Cestrum L. 2H 482 ro. bE. 207. SOLANACEAE Fruit a capsule with many small seeds. Ovules many in each ovary-cell. Stamens inserted in the lower part of the corolla-tube. Flowers in cymose, raceme- or panicle-like inflorescences. Herbs or undershrubs. — Species 5. Cultivated and sometimes naturalized in various regions. They yield tobacco (especially from N. tabacum L. and rustica L.), lamp-oil, vermin-poison, and medicaments, and serve as ornamental plants. [Subtribe NICOTIANINAE.]. . . . Nicotiana L. . Fruit a capsule opening by a lid. Calyx sadjenedl in the fruit. Corolla widely funnel-shaped, 5-lobed, imbricate in bud, white or yellow with red or violet veins. Herbs. Leaves alternate, undivided or lobed. Flowers solitary, axillary. — Species 8. North and Central Africa. They are poisonous and yield oil and medicaments. “ Henbane.”’ [Subtribe HYOSCYAMINAE.] . . . . . Hyoseyamus L. Fruit a berry, indehiscent or at Tenge bursting irregularly. Corolla tubular, campanulate, orrotate.. . . 7 . Anthers attached at the middle of the Hark Corelle Cana 5- cleft. Root thick. Stem very short. Leaves radical, undivided. Flowers solitary, axillary. — Species 2. North Africa. Poisonous and used in medicine and Bes “Mandrake.” [Subtribe MAN- DRAGORINAE.] . . RE Mandragora Juss. Anthers attached at be Hise or the saad part of the back. Stem well developed. Leavesalternate. . . . 4 0, SoA . Corolla tubular or campanulate ; limb narrow ja Ben to the tube. Calyx not or slightly enlarged in the fruit. Flowers Tell or in clusters. Leaves undivided. [Subtribe LYCIINAE.]. . yO Corolla rotate or campanulate ; limb broad. rsubitiibe SOLANINAE. 1 ‚2 . Corolla irregular, with an oblique limb, violet, folded in the bud. Stamens inserted at the base of the corolla-tube ; filaments short, as long as or shorter than the anthers. Fruit almost dry. Herbs. Leaves lobed. Flowers in pairs in the leaf-axils. — Species x. North-west Africa (Algeria). ' Used medicinally.) 7ersPate. WAR kG Triguera Cav. Corolla regular. Fruit succulent. igh Ped, hae el a Corolla-tube narrow; lobes ‘rinitaate in Bad: Stamens inserted at or below the middle of the corolla-tube. Shrubs or trees. — Species 25. Some of them are poisonous; several species are used as hedge- Plants or in “medicines POR uEe EEE Lyeium L. Corolla-tube wide. Fruit globose. . . . . le See Calyx 5-lobed. Corolla brownish-green, aiddentateer valvate in bud. Stamens inserted above the middle of the corolla-tube. Shrubs. Flowers in clusters. — Species I. Mountains of Central Africa. (Plate 135.1, . . . . Diseopodium Hochst. Calyx 5- Ice, elle bianauen pole or dull-red, campanulate, imbricate in bud. Stamens inserted at the base of the corolla-tube ; filaments long. Herbs. Flowers solitary. — Species I (A. Belladonna L., dwale). North-west Africa we Poisonous and yielding oil and medicaments. . . . ; UN es ks sh aes Atropa L. SOLANACEAE, FLOW. RL. AFR. J. Fleischmann del, Discopodium penninervium Hochst. A Flowering branch. B Flower, C Flower cut lengthwise. D Cross-section of ovary, Pl, 13 I: SCROPHULARIACEAE. FLOW. PL. AFR. Pl. 136. a 24 [ B 3/2 J. Fleischmann del. Chaenostoma Burkeanum (Benth.) Wettst. A Flowering branch. B Flower cut lengthwise, C Stamens. D Ovary cut lengthwise. E Ovary cut across. 207. SOLANACEAE — 208. SCROPHULARIACEAE 483 12. Anthers cohering or opening by apical pores. Corolla rotate or widely campanulate. Calyx not or slightly enlarged in the fruit. Flowers usually in cymose, umbel-, raceme-, or panicle-like inflorescences. — Species 150; three of them (S. tuberosum L., potato, S. Melongena L., egg-plant, and S. Lycopericum L., tomato) only cultivated. Several species yield edible fruits or tubers, from which starch sugar and alcohol are prepared, also tanning and dyeing materials, a substitute for soap, a means to coagulate milk, and various medicaments ; others serve as vegetables or as ornamental or hedge-plants; some are poisonous. (Including Lycopersicum Mill. and Normania Lowe). Solanum L. Anthers free, opening by Se eta slits. Leaves entire, toothed, or Sned.s.; os 22,3 719 13. Corolla narrowly es ke er re et and inflated in the fruit. Flowers in clusters. Leaves undivided. Shrubs. — Species 6. Poisonous and used medicinally ; the sap coagulates milk. (Physaloides Moench) BR. x ee Withania Pauq. Corolla rotate or very widely AR 12176 Hwee SUMEAGY. soy.) «| 84 14. Calyx entire or with 5 small teeth, usually but slightly enlarged in the fruit. Corolla white. Filaments longer than the anthers. Fruit slightly fleshy. Herbs or undershrubs. — Species 6. Cultivated and sometimes naturalized in various regions. The fruits (chillies) serve as condiments or medicaments. ‘“‘ Cayenne pepper.” . . Capsicum L. Calys5-lobed, much enlarged in'the trait. ee TS 15. Calyx spreading under the fruit. Corolla white. Shrubs. Leaves un- divided, covered with dense hairs. — Species 1. Island of St. Helena. Melissea Hook. Calyx inflated and enclosing the fruit. Corolla white, yellow, or violet. Herbs. — Species 6 ; three of them natives of Central and South Africa, the others cultivated and sometimes naturalized in various regions. They yield edible fruits and medicaments. ‘‘ Winter-cherry.” Physalis L. FAMILY 208, SCROPHULARIACEAE Leaves without stipules. Flowers hermaphrodite, usually irregular. Petals 4—5, united below, imbricate, not folded in the bud. Stamens 2—5, usually 4. Disc present. Ovary superior, 2-celled, the partition placed transversely to the median plane of the flower, rarely I-celled or (Bowkeria) 3-celled. Ovules inverted or half-inverted. Style simple or 2-cleft. Seeds albuminous with a straight or slightly curved embryo, rarely (Dintera) exalbuminous. — Genera 107, species 1150. (Including SELAGINEAE.) (Plate 136.) I. Posterior lobes or upper lip of the corolla overlapped in the bud by one or both of the lateral lobes. [Subfamily RHINANTHOIDEAE.}. . 2 Posterior lobes or upper lip of the corolla overlapping the lateral lobes PME E Bricht: «| + > ey eher, ROVER LOGO VOR oF 45 484 i 3 Io. 208. SCROPH ULARIACEAE Corolla 2-lipped with a helmet-shaped upper lip and a 3-lobed lower lip, Stamens 4. Anther-halves separate. Fruit capsular, loculicidal. Herbs. Leaves well developed. Flowers in leafy spikes or racemes. [Tribe RHINANTHEAE. | 3 Corolla 2-lipped with a flat upper i or r lipped wth only. 3 dictine! iohers or subequally 4—5-lobed. . . . eisen Slee Upper lip of the corolla with reflexed margins. dies 4-lobed. Seeds numerous, ribbed. Leaves undivided. — we a I. Azores. Eye- BEER PO, 2. Euphrasia L. Upper lip ofthe En with strait marpinss AU OVP AS Yee . Calyx 5-lobed, slit in front. Corolla yellow. Capsule oblique, narrow: Leaves Bnnately divided. — Species 1. North-west Africa (Algeria)- “ Lousewort.”’ x Se eee Pedicularis L- Calyx 4-lobed. Capsule Etralghit ee bate! toothed, orlobed. . 5 . Ovules few, pendulous. Corolla yellow or red. Capsule broad. Seeds ribbed. — Species 10. North Africa. Some are used medicinally. Aumaen Barisıa L.) 0 YM tie =) gee els Odontites Pers. Ovules many, horizontal. a ie . Placentas thin. Seeds few, large, with wing-like ribs. Capsule broad. Corolla blue or red. — ia 8. Central and North-west Africa. CS al 1. En > Bartschia L. Placentas thick. Seeds numerous, email "Carola yellow or.red.. „az . Seeds ribbed. Capsule broad. — Species 2. North and South Africa, Abyssinia, and Island of Reunion. (Trixago Stev., under BartsiaL.) Bellardia All. Seeds smooth. Capsule narrow. — Species 3. North Africa. (Eufragia Brıseb;, junder; Bartsia :L,) 208 sshd A, nt Parentucellia Viv. . (2.) Anther-halves separate, sometimes one of them rudimentary or one only developed. Stamens 4, more or less unequal, rarely (Strigina) 2 only fertile. Corolla with a distinct, usually long tube. Calyx-teeth about as long as or shorter than the tube. [Tribe GERARDIEAE.] 9 Anther-halves confluent at the apex, more rarely separate, but then corolla- tube very short and stamens nearly equal or reduced to twa, or calyx- teeth much longer than the tube. [Tribe DIGITALEAE.] . . 36 . Anthers 1-celled (with one half only developed) in allstamens. . . . IO Anthers 2-celled (with both halves developed), at least in two of the stare but one cell (or half) sometimes smaller than the other and barren. . 17 Corolla almost 1-lipped, with only 3 distinct lobes; tube curved ; limb narrow, convex. Calyx 5-cleft. Red-coloured, fleshy, parasitic herbs. Leaves reduced to scales. Flowers in terminal spikes. — Species 5. South Africa. . . . . Hyobanche Thunb. Corolla regular or land, distinctly s—siobed Green herbs with well developed leaves. . . . el u) binkods A Ti. 12, 13. 14. ae. 16. 17. 18. 70. 20. 21. 208. SCROPHULARIACEAE 485 Corolla subequally 5-lobed, blue red or white; tube straight or slightly curved. Calyx tubular, 4—5-toothed. Capsule opie oblong or ovate. Leaves undivided. . . . . ? re 21 Corolla more or less distinctly 2-lipped ; lobes under HOHEN, I4 Calyx 2-lipped, 4-lobed, 5-nerved. Stamens inserted in the tee part of the corolla-tube. Lower leaves opposite, upper alternate. — SpeciesI. Southern East Africa. . . . . » EylesiaS Moore Calyx subequally 4—5-toothed, 7—IO0- nerveel na da 13 Calyx 7—9-nerved, 4-toothed. Stamens inserted in the upper A of the corolla-tube. Leaves all opposite. — Species 3. West Africa. (Under Buchnera L). : . . Spresctoee Stellularia Benth. Calyx Io-nerved, usually 5- Be == re 60. Tropical and South mene tomcnnerd L.) °°... .. ita fee Buechnera L, Corolla-tube abruptly curved at or above fe middle. Calyx tubular. Capsule straight, oblong or ovate. Leaves undivided. . . . . 15 Corolatube straight or gradually curved... . «». « » «, « 16 Placentas thin. Ovules few, 9 Stem prostrate. — Species 3. East AItIea3R. 4: ae. Cyeniopsis Engl. Placentas thick. Orle numerous, Be: Stem erect. — Species 30. Tropical and South Africa and Egypt. Some are noxious weeds. Striga Lour. En tubular, 5-toothed. Capsule ellipsoid, straight, not beaked. — Species 12. Central and South Africa. . . . Cyenium E. Mey. Calyx campanulate, 5-cleft. Capsule usually oblique and beaked, rarely globose and not beaked. — Species 25. Tropical and South Africa. Rhamphicarpa Benth. (9.) Anther-halves (anther-cells) very unequal, one of them fertile, the other barren (without pollen) or almost so. . . 3892 HOTT | ‚IE Anther-halves equal or subequal, both of them aie A PLES Pee erie like, yellow of reddish. u Car Yi 9S ie egies ed EO iveaves well developed, green... eo, tae ri Corolla with a narrow limb, red. Barren anther-cell very small. — Species 2 Madagascar. . . OHR une ma ten an va AL i TEE DE Corolla with a broad limb. Barren anther-cell usually long. — Species 30, Southern and tropical Africa. (Aulaya Harv.) . . MHarveya Hook, Fertile stamens 2, inserted at the throat of the corolla ; barren ones filiform. Corolla with a long curved tube and a 2-lipped limb. Leaves undivided. eaopeciesx:'.,. Bast Africa. 4... JRR Re ano. Sirigina Engl. Fertile stamens 4. . - - Sec Anthers partly with, partly His of theta without a barren cell. Corolla- tube long, inflated. Stem erect. Leaves undivided. . . . . 22 Anthers all with a barren cell, which in two is sometimes very small; in this case stem climbing. Herbsorundershrubs. . . .-. . . 23 486 208. SCROPHULARARIACEAE 22. Anthers of the lower (anterior) stamens I-celled, those of the upper stamens with a fertile cell opening by a longitudinal slit and a spur-like sterile cell. Corolla nearly regular. Mostly shrubs. — Species 1. East Africa (Somaliland). . . . . . . Ghikaea Schweinf. & Volk. Anthers of the lower stamens with a cleft connective bearing at one end a fertile cell, which opens by an apical pore, and at the other a disc-like appendage ; those of the upper stamens ı-celled. Corolla 2-lipped. Herbs or undershrubs. — Species 7. East Africa. Pseudosopubia Engl. 23. Anthers with a minute, nearly imperceptible barren cell. Corolla violet ; tube slightly exceeding the calyx. Calyx enlarged in the fruit. Stem erect, with spreading branches. Leaves undivided. — Species I. Southern West Africa. . . se Hiernia S. Moore Anthers, at least those of the sneer sae with a distinctly developed barren cell. re Be | 24. Barren anther-cells of the eae Re Haha‘ Heaps iin ELCs of the shorter awn- or worm-shaped. Corolla pink or violet ; tube exceed- ing the calyx. Calyx enlarged and inflated in the fruit. Climbing undershrubs. — Species 2. Central and South-east Africa. Buttonia Mac Ken Barren anther-cells distinctly developed in all stamens, but sometimes unequal in length. Calyx scarcely changed in fruit. Herbs. . . 25 25. Anthers cohering all together or in pairs. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a broad limb. Stem erect. — Species 25. Tropical and South Africa. Sopubia Hamilt. Anthers free. Corolla more or less bell-shaped, with a rather narrow limbs ohig nt gah. . yea 26. Corolla-tube RER basi ee Stem aan eo undivided, broad, coarsely toothed. — Species I. West Africa. Thunbergianthus Engl. Corolla-tube equalling the calyx. Stem erect. Leaves pinnately divided. — Species I. Southern West Africa (Angola). Baumia Engl. & Gilg 27. (17.) Corolla-tube short, about equalling the calyx. . . . . .. . 28 Corolla-tube long, distinctly exceeding the calyx.. . . x ae 28. Calyx becoming woody in the fruit. Anthers See ah unequal halves. Undershrubs. — Species 1. Island of Socotra. Xylocalyx Balf. Calyx not woody in the fruit. Herbs. . . ei: 29. Calyx scarcely changed in the fruit. Capsiie 4- A) Noniphre plants. Stem thin. Leaves linear. Inflorescence lax. — Species 3. Tropies. (Including Gerardianella Klotzsch). . Mierargeria Benth. Calyx more or less enlarged and inflated in the fruit ; if but slightly changed, then parasitic plants with thick stems and usually broad or scale-like leaves. — Species 30. Tropical and South Africa. (Including Alectra Thunb. and Velvitsia Hiern) . 2. ern entes 5): Melasma Berg 30. 31. 32. 33: 34. 35- 36. 37: 38. 39- 40. 208. SCROPHULARIACEAE 487: Anther-halves unequal, one of them somewhat shorter or narrower. . 31 Anther-halves equal... . . . ie tees tye beg Anther-halves nearly equal, one of hati deinetiNHE intial: than the other. Filaments very unequal. Ovules numerous. Stem herbaceous. Flowers without bracteoles. — Species I. Southern Central Africa and Transvaal. Gerardiina Engl. Anther-halves distinctly unequal, one of them narrower. Stem woody, atleast atthe base. . . . AL RE IPE OG. FEA! ES PRIA Se co Corolla with a very long tube da a very narrow limb, white. Ovules 2—4 in a cell. Shrubs. — Species I. Madagascar. Leueosalpa Scott Elliot Corolla with a rather broad limb. Ovules numerous. — Species 3. South Africa and island of Socotra. (Bopusia Presl) . Graderia Benth. Stamens nearly equal in length. Corolla-tube rather short. Stem her- baceous. ‘ : : oe ea ie et he ae EEE Stamens distinctly N eran ih, are ; ae clo as Flowers solitary or in clusters, axillary. Calyx 5- cleft. Corolla blue. Capsule 4-valved. — Species I. South Africa. Charadrophila Marloth Flowers in spikes or racemes. Corolla yellow. Capsule 2-valved. — Species 1. Madagascar.. . . . . Seymeria Pursh Calyx-teeth very short. Corolla bell- et a shrubs. — Species I. Madagascar. (Raphispermum Benth.) . . Rhaphispermum Benth. Calyx-teeth distinctly developed, pointed. Corolla funnel-shaped. Hairy shrubs. — Species 2. Madagascar and neighbouring islands. Radamaea Benth. ESS A Er En ke > PLT Sania NG SV, SUT se ot | i eS eect int tO Corolla-tube long, thin, curved. Corolla white. Stamens included; anther-halves confluent. Capsule loculicidal and septicidal, many- seeded. Shrubs. Leaves alternate, linear. — Species 3. Canary and Cape Verde Islands and Socotra. . . . . . Campylanthus Roth Corolla-tube short or rather short. Stamens long. — Species 30. Some of them yield salad, a substitute for tea, and medicaments, or serve as ornamental plants. ‘‘ Speedwell.”’ 3 . « Veronica L. Corolla-tube very short. Stamens 4—8, Hr ei inlength. . . 39 Corolla-tube long. Stamens4,unequal. . . . . . rey | Anther-halves confluent at the apex. Stamens 4—5. Corolla 5-parted, white. Calyx 5-parted. Capsule loculicidal, many-seeded. Erect undershrubs. Leaves alternate, narrow. — Species 1. Naturalized in West Africa and in the Seychelles. Used medicinally and as a sub- stitute for tea. stirs: led) tet” ea duis im Gaprariay&. Anther-halves separate. . .. .- £ J) .:yvlis . 40 Calyx 4-parted. Corolla white, ite 4 as Sides 4. Capsule septicidal; seeds numerous. Erect undershrubs. Leaves opposite 488 41. 42. 43. 45. 46. 47. 208. SCROPHULARIACEAE or whorled, subsessile, narrow. — are I. Naturalized in the tropics, Used medicinally ae . . Seoparia L. Calyx 4—8-cleft. Corolla ie or Soe Par te § usually 5, segments. Capsule loculicidal; seeds not numerous. Creeping herbs. Leaves alternate, stalked, broad. — Species 3. Azores and Canary Islands, Mauritius, and high mountains of Central Africa. Used as ornamental plants. . . 0.01% »)'Sibthorpia L. Anther-halves En Coral ith, a ioe cylindrical tube and a two- lipped limb. Leaves oper Flowers in spikes or racemes. — Species I. Sahara. . . . . . Lafuentea Lag. Anther-halves confluent at the apex. Tones alternate. . ay Corolla with a cylindrical tube and a broad, slightly 2-lipped fe blue or violet. Capsule 4-valved. Lowherbs. Flowers in terminal racemes. — Species 1. Algeria. Used as an ornamental plant. . Erinus L. Corolla with a funnel- or bell-shaped tube more or less widened above. Tall herbs, undershrubs, orshrubs. . . . EN Stigma 2-lobed. Corolla yellow or red, 2- Poet aware in terminal racemes. — Species 6. North Africa; one of them also naturalized in the island of Réunion. Poisonous tants used medicinally and as ornamental plants. “ eee ars: Callianassa Webb et SGD LI) uvstens dale . im et DIOR Stigma entire. Flowers’ in nn! Has“ or in alata fascicles. Leaves broad. Undershrubs. ... - 44 . Anthers protruding beyond the Lae te Hike Corolla RE Calyx- segments glume-like, fringed or ciliate. Flowers in terminal heads. — Species 1. South Africa. . . ©. « « .. „ Glumicalyx Hiera Anthers concealed within the corolla- tbe Flowers in axillary fascicles. — Species 1. Island of Socotra. . . . . . . Camptoloma Benth. (1.) Leaves all alternate. Corolla almost regular. Anther-halves confluent at the apex. Ovules many in each cell of the ovary. Fruit a septicidal, many-seeded capsule. [Subfamily PSEUDOSOLANEAE.| . . . 46 Leaves, at least the lower, opposite or whorled ; more rarely all radical or alternate ; in the latter case corolla distinctly irregular or ovules and seeds solitary in each cell. [Subfamily ANTIRRHINOIDEAE.]. . 50 Corolla with a long tube, funnel-shaped, blue or red. Stamens 2 or 4. Flowers solitary, axillary, sometimes forming leafy racemes. Leaves undivided. [Tribe APTOSIMEAF.] . . . 49 Corolla with a short or very short tube, bell- or en han Stambus 4 or 5. Flowers in ‘ge racemes, or panicles. [Tribe VERBASC- DAR. .2) 291. a1 Stamens 2. Fruit pinta ae Hedhs with ladiblar iusih, = “Species 10. Central and South Africa, Sahara, and Egypt. Some are used medicin- ally. (Including Doratanthera Benth. and Gerardiopsis Engl.) Anticharis Endl. Stamens 4, but two of them sometimes sterile. . . . . . . - 48 48. 49. 50. 57T, 32. 53- 54. 55- 56. 57: 58. 208. SCROPHULARIACEAE 489 Fruit pointed. Stamens all fertile. Herbs or undershrubs. — Species 5, South and Central Africa. . . . . Peliostomum E. Mey. Fruit blunt. Shrubs. — Species 25. Catan and South Africa. Aptosimum Burch. Stamens 4. — Species 18. Central and North Africa. Some are used as ornamental or medicinal plants. . . . sos.” Celsia L. Stamens 5. — Species 17. North Africa and Babelscinh East Africa; two of the species also naturalized in South Africa and in the Mascarene Islands. They yield fish-poison and medicaments, and serve as orna- mental plants. “ Mullein.”. . “ara « Verbascum L, (45.) Ovules and seeds solitary in ehe zit és the ovary ‘a fruit. Fruit indehiscent. Stamens 2 or 4. Anther-halves confluent. Flowers in spikes, more rarely in heads or panicles or solitary. Leaves entire, toothed, orlobed. [Tribe SELAGINEAE.] ace ann, cee). 5I Ovules and seeds two or more in each cell, usually numerous. am siohn56 Corolla 4-lobed, deeply slit in front. we entire or ery Stamens 4. Flowers in spikes. . . sora 52 Corolla 5-lobed, not slit at one tata le willen 3 or & ER with 2 segments. . . rar: AS Calyx slit open in eek PRE: or oti edl Bein — ES 30. South Bnd.Geutsal> Africanı:. . - « . . . Hebenstreitia L. Calyx divided into two narrow cana ak — Species 10. South ig or 1} . . . Disehisma Choisy Fertile stamens 2. iCeivaties fone sure. sie 5-lobed. Fruit I- seeded. Shrubs. Flowersinspikes. . . . A . 54 Fertile stamens 4. Corolla-lobes more or less AN - wlamuss Sterile stamens present. — Species I. South Africa. "Gosela Choisy Sterile stamens absent. — Species 3. South Africa. Agathelpis Choisy Calyx subequally 5-toothed, adnate at the base to the bract. Fruit I- seeded. — Species 5. South Africa. . . . . . Mierodon Choisy Calyx with 5 segments, free from the bract, or with 2—3 segments. Fruit 2-seeded. — Species 160. Southern and tropical Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants. (Including Walafrida E. Mey.) . Selago L. (50.) Corolla two-lipped with concave, bladdery-inflated lips and a very short tube. Stamens 2.—Species1. Naturalized in the Canary Islands. An ornamental plant. [Tribe CALCEOLARIEAE. | Calceolaria L. Corolla two-lipped with flat or convex lips, or nearly regular. . . . 57 Corolla spurred or saccate, presi acer Calyx 5-parted. Fruit a cap- sule. (te Pr > Corolla neither ER nor ae ten ieh ebbous, iad then calyx 5-lobed or 3-parted. . . Ein RE Corolla without a distinct tube. nCapeall BER hire 2 or 4 eh Herbs. [Tribe HEMIMERIDEAE.] . ikapkiı . I 58 Corolla with a distinctly developed pile Stamens 4. [Tribe ANTIR- BLIEB. (va u. Leave app sementine. bear 490 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 208. SCROPHULARIACEAE Corolla yellow, 4-cleft, usually with two pouches and two teeth at the base of the lower lip. Stamens 2. Flowers solitary, axillary. — Species 4. South Africa... .ı . . . . Hemimeris Thunb. Corolla red or blue, 5- -15b84. ‘Stanteae 4 but two of them sometimes sterile. “wel . 60 Flowers turned pe N By ve the un the BER Corolla scarlet, with two shallow pits at the base. Stamens subequal, all fertile, glabrous. Anther-halves confluent at the apex. Flowers solitary, axillary. — Species. South Africa. Used as an ornamental plant. Alonsoa Ruiz & Pav. Flowers very rarely turned upside down ; if so, then anthers hairy. Corolla with I—2 pits, pouches, orspursatthebase. Stamensunequal. . 61 Lower lip of the corolla ventricose and gibbous at the base. Stamens all fertile. Anther-halves separate, spreading. — Species 2. Naturalized in Madagascar. . . . . . Angelonia Humb. & Bonpl. Lower lip of the corolla kick 2 = pouches, or spurs, very rarely with one only. Anther-halves confluent at the apex. — Species 45. South Atrial? 2 % . . Diaseia Link & Otto Throat of the care dba by a nsesj ep Be Herbs or under- shmubai 434 79, IL 0 AS RTT or eee Pe re ke corollacren: ee OEL Sn re EEE Corolla spurred at the base. Anther-halves separate. . . . . . 64 Corolla ventricose, but not spurred at the base. . . On A Ae Corolla with a long spur. Cells of the capsule opening Er 2—5 teeth or valves. Leaves pinnately nerved. Flowers in terminal spikes or racemes. — Species 40. North Africa ; one of the species also naturalized in South Africa. Some yield vermin-poison or medicaments, or serve as ornamental plants. “ Toadflax.’” . . . . . . Linaria Juss. Corolla with a short spur. Flowers solitary, axillary. . . OF Corolla violet. Cells of the capsule opening by 3 teeth or a Seeds oblong. Creeping herbs. Leaves palmately nerved. — Species I. North Africa. Used as an ornamental and medicinal plant. (Under Linaria Juss.) . . . . . Cymbalaria Baumg. Corolla white, yellow, or re Stldlenadh Cells of the capsule opening by lids. Seeds ovoid. Leaves pinnately nerved. — Species 17. North Africa and northern Central Africa ; one of the species also naturalized in South Africa. (Under Linaria L.) . . . . Elatinoides Wettst. . Anther-halves separate. Capsule opening by 2 or 3 toothed pores. — Species 6. North Africa and northern Central Africa; one of the species also naturalized in South Africa and Mauritius. Some are used as ornamental or medicinal plants. ‘‘ Snap-dragon.” Antirrhinum L. Anther-halves confluent at the apex. A fifth, sterile stamen present. Capsule with unequal cells, opening irregularly. Seeds ribbed. Flowers. small, axillary. — Species 3. Northern East Africa and Comoro Islands. Sehweinfurthia A. Braun 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 2 73: 74. 75- 208. SCROPHULARIACEAE 491 Corolla-tube with 2 pits or pouches at the base ; lobes subequal. Anther- halves confluent. Capsule 4-valved. Shrubs. Leaves alternate, broad. Flowers solitary, axillary, yellow. — Species I. South Africa. Colpias E. Mey. Corolla-tube with ı pit, pouch, or spur. Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves nee. cir, clout, | (oe arrtingt Des Anther-halves separate. Corolla-tube long. eine wäh unequal cells. Flowers solitary, axillary. — per 4. North Africa. (Under Linaria ins» . . . Chaenorrhinum (DC.) Lange Anther-halves paadient at the apex, Hug ties 69 Corolla-tube long. Capsule opening by oy N pores. Flowers in racemes. Radical leaves rosulate. — Species 5. North Africa and Abyssinia. (Simbuleta Forsk.) . . . . . . Anarrhinum Desf. Corolla-tube short. Capsule opening by 2 or 4 longitudinal valves. . 70 Corolla with a 2-lobed upper and a 3-lobed. lower lip. Capsule globose, 4-valved. Seeds with a tight testa. — Species 7. Tropical and South AUEICH! 1). ‘site. Dielis) Benth: Corolla with a 4- Habed upper nd an iret es donee lip. Capsule compressed, 2-valved. Seeds with a loose testa, girt with a membranous wing. — Species 50. South Africa and southern Central Africa. Some are used epsomamental\plants. : 17,171, . 0 02.0, Nemesia Vent. (57.) Flowers in cymes or in cymose ae or fascicles ; occasionally solitary with two bracteoles on the pedicel ; in this case ee or trees. Anther-halves usually confluent. Fruit a m capsule or a berry. [Tribe CHELONEAE.] Meet seh) : pk! Flowers solitary or in heads, spikes, racemes, or racemose eres Stamens 2307'4.4 Fruit@capsule. ; Herbs. or undershrube} 4,159 2b Mare SI Stem herbaceous or woody at the base only. Corolla with a ventricose tube and a narrow limb. Fertile stamens 4; a fifth, sterile stamen distinctly developed, usually scale-like. Anther-halves confluent. Fruit a cap- sule. — Species 20. North Africa and northern Central Africa. Some are used medicinally. . ... . . . Serophularia L. Stem woody throughout. The fifth pir tes minute or wanting, rarely ot | & Siontigg Corolla-tube short ana ing Starten 2 or - _ Anther- les confluent arbeapesy Fruit acapsule: N. cs 6. ne Re. A Corolla-tube long and narrow. Stamens4or5. . re Calyx 3-parted, the posterior segment 3-toothed. Carella ellen or white. Fertile stamens 2. Anther-halves divergent. Capsule 4-valved, many- seeded. Leaves whorled. Flowers solitary or 2—3 together in the leaf-axils. — Species I. South Africa. . ae, « Ixianthes, Benth. Calyx 5-lobed or 5-parted, with nearly equal segments. Fertile stamens 75 Calyx 5-lobed, valvate in bud. Corolla yellow, with a 2-parted upper lip. Capsule 4-valved, few-seeded. Leaves opposite, tomentose beneath. 492 76. 77: 78. 79: 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 208. SCROPHULARIACEAE Flowers in axillary and terminal, many-flowered cymes. — Species I. South Africa. Yields timber. . . - . . . Anastrabe E. Mey. Calyx 5-parted, imbricate in bud. Corolla with a 2-toothed upper lip, Anther-halves nearly parallel. Capsule 2—3-valved, many-seeded. Leaves nearly always whorled. — Species 6. South Africa. Bowkeria Harv. Fertile stamens 5. Corolla-lobes equal. Fruit a berry. Epiphytic shrubs. Flowers in axillary clusters. — Species 1. South-east Africa. Dermatobotrys Bolus Pormme etamens 4. . :. u « RAN 3 Ue ee Anther-halves divergent. Corollared. Leavesglabrous. . . . . 78 Anther-halves parallel or nearly so, separate. . . . 79 Leaves scale-like. Fruit a capsule. — Species I. Naturalzed in the Seychelles. Ornamental plant. . . . . Russelia Jacq. Leaves well developed. Fruit a berry. — Se 5. Tropical and South Africa." The trüits'"are- edible#7 ORS +. oy ,DP’Oellee > Anthers protruding beyond the corolla-tube. Borölla red. Fruit a two- valved capsule. — Species 2. South Africa. Used as ornamental plants! iyo, JE SO phygelias Eu Anthers concealed ae the eave. ae: Fruit a 4-valved capsule or a berry: . „ertBlg LETTS iO er Corolla red, shantly exceeding ‘ate nee Fruit a berry. — Species 2. South" Afriea. 7% . 20.0.0. Teedia Rudolphi Corolla yellow or violet. Era a ap — Species 2. South Africa. Freylinia Pangelli (71.) Anther-halves completely confluent; hence anthers apparently I-celled. Calyx 5-parted or 2-lipped. [Tribe MANULEAE.] . . 82 Anther-halves separate or confluent at the apex only, rarely completely confluent, but then calyx subequally 5-lobed. [Tribe GRATIOLEAE.] gI Calyx 2-lipped or 2-parted. . . OSG, 7 Fe Calyx subequally 5-parted. ance fo UTES DOS Fr Anthers 4, unequal, or 2. — Species Bo. South Africa. Zaluzianskia Schmidt Anthers 4, equal. — Species 20. South Africa to Damaraland. Polyearena Benth. Corolla-tube very short. . . ME Sn ae Corolla-tube distinctly Ges stay tn Fi JRC 7 Corolla 2-lipped. Capsule 2-cleft. Flowers solitary. tea all radical. (See ony ee OR pe: . . . Diaseia Link & Otto Corolla nearly regular. Capsule gesteht Flowers in racemes. Leaves opposite. — Species 2. South Africa. (Under Sutera Roth) Sphenandr@ Benth. Corolla more or less distinctly 2-lipped. Capsule opening by pores or trafisVetee ants TFA? ove, DODISEE PA FR AS ONR U Fr 87. 88. 89. 90. gl. 92. 93. 94. 95- 96. 208. SCROPHULARIACEAE 493. Corolla nearly regular or slightly a Bar opening lengthwise, septicidal. . . ler. 188 Flowers solitary. Shen: ik — Eteccies: I. Natureltied in the island of St. Helena. An ornamental plant. (Lophospermum Don) Maurandia Ort. Flowers in racemes. Stem erect. (See 69.) . . Anarrhinum Desf. Stigma 2-lobed. Corolla-tube curved. Leaves cleft or dissected. — Species I. Egypt and Nubia. (Jamesbrittenia O. Ktze.) Sutera Roth. Siemarjentire, «Leaves entire,or toothedigna dh hie ceive . 89 Bracts adnate to the pedicels. — Species 20. South Africa. Phyllopodium Benth. Brackstreesrom,the'pedicels.. ı sei!» 90 Calyx open or nearly open in the bud, ie ay narrow bls or without bracts. Corolla-tube nearly always straight. Flowers in compound, rarely in simple racemes. — Species 35. South Africa to Angola. (Nema Berg). : . . Manulea L. Calyx imbricate in the bud or sapeenandesh rae axial bracts. Flowers solitary or in usually simple spikes, racemes, or heads, — Species 120. South and Central Africa and Canary Islands. Some are used as ornamental, medicinal, or dye-plants. (Including Lyperia Benth., under Sutera Roth). (Plate 136.) . . ... Chaenostoma Benth. emerertilestamens 2. . 2.042. Bhunlrkeilsihalt ae detrei) 092 Fertile stamens 4,rarely3. . . . a ether eouliniizedts ntecl ag Staminodes none. Flowers minute, ne re ubahkınhı 63 Staminodes2. Ovary 2-celled. Corolla 2-lipped, 5- debe: tinsel pant y-4O8 Ovary I-celled. Style very short. Stamens inserted in the upper part of the corolla-tube. Corolla 2-lipped, 5-lobed. Calyx 5-parted. Leaves ovate. Aquatic herbs. — Kg I. Southern West Africa (Damaraland) . . . . Dintera Stapf Ovary 2-celled. Style dictiants der tad ser. Corolla 4-lobed or sub-equally 5-lobed. . . Anke Calyx 5-parted. Corolla wiles ‚Siansehs ae in ithe lower part of the corolla-tube. Leaves linear or oblong. — Species I. Mascarene Islands. : . . Bryodes Benth. Calyx 5-toothed. ori 5- sheds lern BEN — Species I. Egypt. Peplidium Del. Staminodes inserted at the throat of the corolla. Anther-halves spreading. — Species 20. ar and South Africa. (Including Bonnaya Link et. Otto) in. . . .. Dlysanthes Rafın. Staminodes inserted in the fibe i he crete Anther-halves parallel or nearly so... << since. 196 Leaves lobed or te es in racemes. ie be of the corolla with a 2-cleft middle-lobe. Aquatic herbs. —Species1. Madagascar. Hydrotriche Zucc. Leaves entire. — Species 10. Central Africa. . . Dopatrium Hamilt.. 494 208. SCROPHULARIACEAE 97. (91.) Stamens inserted at the throat of the corolla. Anther-halves parallel. Corolla white, unequally 3—5-lobed. Creeping herbs. Leaves broad, palmately nerved, gland-dotted. Flowers solitary. — Species I. West Africa. . . . . . . Hydranthelium H. B. & Kunth Stamens, all or two of ian, inserted i inthe tube of the corolla. . . . 98 98. Stamens inserted in the tube and at the throat of the corolla. . . . 99 Stamens inserted in the tube of the corolla. . . . alte Lee 99. Sepals free, broad. Corolla slightly irregular, hits! The fifth, sterile stamen filiform. Prostrate herbs. Leaves very small. Flowers solit- ary. — Species 1. Island of Réunion. . . . Allocalyx Cordem. Sepals united below. Corolla 2-lipped. Lower stamens with a tooth- or bristle-like appendage at the base. . . . 100 100. Calyx without wings or prominent angles, ek Lanterns BER seg- ments subequal. — Species 17. Tropics. Some are used medicinally. (VandelliaL) . - . : . «. . . . Lindernia All, Calyx winged or with very regen REN SEE oy JL OX tor. Calyx subequally toothed. Anterior stamens PER nt a the base. Stem usually leafless. — Species 15. Central and South Africa. Craterostigma Hochst. Calyx 2-lipped. Anterior stamens not sharply bent at the base. Stem leafy. — Species 8. Tropical and South Africa. Some are used as ornamental or medicinal plants. lite Dates 102. Anther-halves separate, not contiguous. Corolla 2-lipped.. . . . 103 Anther-halves contiguous orconfluent. . . . MOTE Fs | soho 103. Sepals united high up. Fruit 2-valved. Stem Be or ascending. — Species 8. Northern East Africa and Egypt. Lindenbergia Lehm. Sepals united at the base only. Fruit 4-valved.. . . . . . . 104 104. Placentas winged and connate in the fruit. Glabrous water- or marsh- plants. — Species 6. Central Africa. Some are used medicinally. (Ambulia Lam., Stemodiacra P. Browne) . . . Limnophila R. Br. Placentas not winged, usually separate. Corolla blue. Glandular- pubescent land-plants. — Species I. „Central Africa. Stemodia L. 105:* Sepals united'kighiup. - noldu.ın enul zurecht iuhslloıg ers Sepals united at the base only. . . . . ‚usa 106. Corolla 2-lipped. Anther-halves separate or Rare at the top. Ovary completely septate. Leaves opposite. — Species 3. Two of them indigenous in tropical and South Africa, the third naturalized in the Azores. Used as ornamental plants . . . . . Mimulus L. Corolla nearly regular. Anther-halves completely confluent. Ovary septate at the base only. Leaves all radical. Flowers axillary. — Species 5. Southern and tropical Africa and Egypt. Limosella L. 107. Sepals very unequal. Anther-halves separate. — Species 10. Tropics, South Africa, and Egypt. Some are used as ornamental or medicinal plants. (Moniera P. Browne, including Herpestis Gaertn. and Bramia Bine » und er BRD 208, SCROPHULARIACEAE — 209. BIGNONIACEAF 495 Sepals nearly equal. Anther-halves confluent at the top. Corolla 2- lipped. .- ., 5 oe DOM aig owed ,» 108 108. Sepals broad. ri ne or ern Stamens, at least the anterior exserted ; filaments with an appendage at the base. Flowers in racemes, rather large. — Species 1. Central Africa. Artanema Don Sepals narrow. Stamens included; filaments without an appendage. Flowers solitary, very small. — Species 4. East Africa. Stemodiopsis Engl. FAMILY 209. BIGNONIACEAE Shrubs or trees. Leaves usually opposite and compound, without stipules. Flowers usually large and panicled, more or less irregular, hermaphrodite. Sepals united below. Petals united below, imbricate in bud. Stamens inserted on the lower part of the corolla, 4, in two pairs of unequal length, the fifth sterile, rarely all 5 fertile. Anthers opening by two longitudinal slits, rarely (Colea) by one. Disc present. Ovary superior, I—2-celled. Ovules numerous, in two or more rows, inverted. Style simple; stigmas 2. Fruit a capsule with the valves usually separating from the partition, or a nut or berry. Seeds usually placed transversely and margined or winged, exalbuminous. — Genera 2I, species 90. Tropical and South Africa. (Plate 137.) I. Fruit a capsule. Seeds winged. Ovary completely 2-celled. [Tribe RA ET Da ee te ne Eat gt Reig, Te Eg - Fruit a berry or nut. Seeds not winged, but often margined. Ovary cylindric, 1-celled or incompletely, rarely (Colea) completely 2-celled. Fertile stamens 4. Stem erect. [Tribe CRESCENTIEAE.] . . 14 2. Fertile stamens 5. Anthers exserted, with parallel halves. Calyx 5- toothed. Ovules few, in two rows. Erect, spiny shrubs. Leaves fascicled. Flowers solitary orinclusters. . . 3 Fertile stamens 4. Leaves pinnate, very rarely (Siepeclobivem) ‘alifole- ate. ee : 4 3. Calyx bilan: slit on one site! with nat testi ‘Corolla white) wut a long tube. Capsule slightly compressed, with prickly warts. Leaves undivided. — Species 1. South Africa and southern Central Africa. Catophractes G. Don Calyx bell-shaped. Capsule much compressed, smooth. — Species 9. Tropical and South Africa. . . . . . . Rhigozum Burch. 4. Stamens projecting beyond. the dorallas bi. Anther-halves divergent or Sivarieate?) Flowers in racemes or:panicles. . . ‚=... wm . 5 Stamens concealed within the corolla-tube. . . £ 6 5. Calyx spathe-like, slit on oneside. Seeds ade wing. Bega: bentets entire. — Species 3. Central Africa. They yield timber, edible seeds, and medicaments, and serve as ornamental plants. “ African tulip- frees ved. SHARE Spathodea Beauv. Calyx bell-shaped, al 5- | Seeds with a narrow wing. Twining shrubs. Leaflets serrate. — Species 3. Central and South Africa. Used as ornamental plants. (Under Tecoma Juss.) Teeomaria Fenzl 496 209. BIGNONIACEAE 6. Anther-halves parallel. Calyx ener -like, split down one side. Trees. Flowers panicled... . . . RE nn Anther-halves divergent or en msi EUER: 7. Basal (cylindric) part of the corolla-tube hiote rk of each cell in 2 rows. Fruit 2-celled; valves boat-shaped. — Species 1. West Africa. Yields timber and medicaments. . . Newbouldia Seem. Basal part of the corolla-tube long. Ovules of each cell in more than two. rows. Fruit 4-celled; valves flat. Leaflets entire. — Species I. Madagascar. . . . ah AB: cate mls 5 Dolichandrone Fenzl 8. Inflorescences lateral, bts springing from the old wood. Anther- halves usually divergent. . . . er a Inflorescences terminal. Anther-halves eect ee rere g. Flowers solitary or incymes. Calyx tubular, 5-toothed. Corolla distinctly 2-lipped ; tube curved. Disc conical. Ovules of each cell in two rows. Climbing shrubs. — Species 1. Madagascar. Perichlaena Baill. Flowers in panicles. Calyx bell-shaped, unequally 3—5-cleft. Corolla not distinctly 2-lipped. Ovules of each cell in several rows. Trees. 10 10. Calyx-tube narrow, leathery. Corolla campanulate-funnel-shaped. Disc saucer-shaped. Fruit with leathery, keeled valves. Leaves glabrous, crowded at the end of the branches. — Species 2. Madagascar. Kigelianthe Baill. Calyx-tube wide. Corolla ventricose-campanulate, curved. Disc cushion- shaped. Fruit cylindric, twisted. Leaves tomentose beneath. — Species 2. Central Africa. (Ferdinandia Seem., under Heterophragma DE.).4:2i4 sete ae : . . Fernandia Baill. 11. Flowers in racemes or Seite: Calyx ander bell-shaped, 5-toothed. Connective of the stamens broadened, leaf-like. Ovules of each cell in two rows. Erect shrubs. Leaflets serrate. — Species 1. Naturalized in Central Africa. An ornamental plant. (Under Tecoma Juss.) Stenolobium D. Don Flowers in panicles. Connective not leaf-like. . . x2 12. Ovules arranged in 2 rows in each cell. Calyx bell-shaped or “nals truncate or unequally 2—5-lobed. Fruit with a spongy partition. Trees. — Species 6. ah They yield timber, gum, and medica- PSA HU . . . . Stereospermum Cham. Ovules arranged in 438 rows in eich cell. re Be SR ae 13. Ovules in 4 rows in each cell. Calyx spathe-like, split ee one side. Fruit with a winged partition. Trees. — Species ro. Central Africa. Some species yield timber. (Under Dolichandrone Fenzl) Markhamia Seem. Ovules in 8 rows in each cell. Calyx bell-shaped, inflated, equally 5-toothed. Climbing shrubs. — Species 2. Central and South-east Africa. (Under Pandorea Endl. or Tecoma Juss.) . . . . . Podranea Sprague BIGNONIACEAE. FLOW. PL. AFR. Pl. 137. J. Fleischmann del, Kigelia aethiopica Decne. A Leaf. B Inflorescence. C Flower cut lengthwise. D Ovary cut lengthwise. E Ovary cut across. F Fruit. PEDALIACEAE. FLOW. PL. AFR. Pl. 138. J. Fleischmann del. Sesamum angolense Welw. A Flowering plant. B Flower cut lengthwise. C Lower part of the flower cut lengthwise. DStigma. E Cross-section of ovary. 14. rs. 16. ig 18. 10. 20. 209. BIGNONIACEAE 497 (r.) Ovary completely ı-celled. Calyx bell-shaped, bursting irregularly. Corolla red or orange, ventricose-campanulate, irregular. Anther- halves parallel or divergent. Fruit with a thick rind. Trees. Leaves pinnate. — Species 12. Tropical and South Africa. Some species yield timber or medicaments. (Kigelkeia Rafın.). (Plate 137.) Kigelia DC. Ovary completely or incompletely 2-celled. . 2 2. . . 1.) 95 Leaves simple, undivided. Ovary 2-celled nearly tothe apex. . . . I6 Leaves pinnately compound or reduced to the winged leaf-stalk. Flowers a ld Vlas, ee MDA Mar Dart. BO Leaves with a pair of spines at their base. Flowers solitary or in clusters, axillary or springing from the old wood. Calyx pouch-shaped, unequally 2—5-lobed. Corolla regular, long funnel-shaped. Anther-halves divari- cate. — Species 2. Madagascar. . . . . . Paracolea Baill. Leaves without spines at the base, but the Test sometimes becoming spine-like. Flowers in terminal racemes or panicles. Calyx bell shaped, 5-toothed. Corolla more or less irregular, bell- or bell-funnel- Rees! ea STE Ra REHAU Loy ee eg Leaves herbaceous ; leaf-stalk hardening into a spine. Flowers in panicles. Corolla irregular. Anther-halves divaricate. — Species 1. Madagascar. Phylloctenium Baill. Leaves leathery, resinous ; leaf-stalk not hardening into a spine. Flowers in racemes. Corolla almost regular. Anther-halves divergent, pen- dulous. — Species 1. Madagascar. (Under Tabebuia Gomez). Zaa Baill. Leaves reduced to the jointed and winged leaf-stalk bearing sometimes I—3 terminal leaflets. Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla slightly irregular. Anther-halves divaricate. D'sc saucer-shaped. Ovary septate at the base. Fruit succulent. — Species 7. Madagascar and neighbouring islands. Some species yield timber and edible fruits or serve as orna- mental plants. (Arthrobhyllum Boj.) . . . . Phyllarthron DC. Leaves pinnate, opposite or whorled. . . . 2 «2. «© © « «+ YQ Calyx long tubular, 5-toothed. Corolla funnel-shaped, nearly regular. Anther-halves divergent. Disc ring-shaped. Ovary 2-celled nearly to the apex. Inflorescences terminal. — Species 3. Madagascar. Siphocolea Baill. iiiemiomtiahaned:):::, , . ER Dora Onna merY. “Ze Calyx subequally 5-cleft. Corolla regular, almost barrel-shaped, red. Anther-halves divaricate. Disc saucer-shaped, crenate. Trees. In- florescences terminal. — Species 1. Madagascar. Rhodocolea Baill. Calyx 5-toothed or unequally cleft. Corolla more or less irregular, bell- funnel-shaped. Fruit dry. — Species 25. Madagascar and neighbouring islands. Some species have edible fruits. . . . . .Colea Boj. 21 498 210. PEDALIACEAE FAMILY 210. PEDALIACEAE Plants with glandular hairs. Leaves opposite, at least the lower ones,. simple. Flowers irregular, hermaphrodite. Calyx 5-partite. Petals 5, united below, imbricate in bud. Stamens inserted on the lower part of the corolla-tube, the 4 fertile in pairs of unequal length, the fifth sterile, small, awl-shaped. Ovary superior, 2—8-celled with 2 or more axile ovules in each cell, rarely (Linariopsis) I-celled with 2 basal ovules. Style 1, long, with 2 stigmas or stigmatic lobes. Fruit a capsule or a nut. Seeds with a straight embryo and thin albumen. — Genera 14, species 65. (Plate 138.) 1. Flowers in terminal, raceme- or umbel-like cymes. Shrubs or small trees. Ovary 2—4-celled with numerous ovules in each cell. Fruit acapsule. 2° Flowers solitary or in fascicles in the axils of the leaves, with glands at the base of the pedicels. Herbs, rarely (Pretreothamnus) shrubs, but then ovules 3 in each oyary-tell um... ud altsde ohne are A 2. Inflorescences umbel- or fascicle-like. Glands at the base of the pedicels none. Corolla-tube moderately long, funnel-shaped, neither spurred nor curved. Anthers included ; halves divergent, pendulous. Disc slightly one-sided. Ovary-cells not or very incompletely chambered. Fruit beset with hooked bristles. Seeds narrowly winged. Leaves large, broad, long-stalked, lobed. Spines none. — Species 6. Madagascar. (Under Harpagophytum DC.) . . . . . Unearina (Baill.) Stapf Inflorescences raceme-like. Glands at the base of the pedicels presente: Corolla-tube very long, cylindrical, spurred or curved. Ovary-cell. nearly completely chambered. Leaves small, partly replaced by Spines. : 0 (gems, EEE ge ee ee 3. Corolla spurred. Anthers scarcely exserted, with parallel halves. Disc one-sided. Stem much thickened at the base. — Species 6. Central Aiea. Sites > . . . Sesamothamnus Welw. Corolla not ica with an 5. Siiketl tube, yellow. Anthers exserted, with divergent halves. Disc equal-sided. Stem not much thickened. Species I. Southern West Africa (Damaraland). Sigmatosiphon Engl. 4. Ovary and fruit ı-celled. Ovules 2, erect. Seed ı. Calyx-lobes very unequal. Corolla violet ; tube widened from the base, almost straight. Anther-halves parallel. Disc equal-sided. Stem prostrate, hairy. Leaves undivided. Flowers solitary. — Species 1. Southern West Africa (Angola). Used medicinally. . . . . Linariopsis Welw. Ovary and fruit 2—4-celled. Ovules2ormoreineachcell.. . . . 5. 5. Ovary and fruit 2-celled, with undivided cells. Ovules descending or horizontal. Leaves toothed, lobed, or divided. Flowers solitary. . 6 Ovary and fruit 2—4-celled, each cell ai or Bean divided into twochambers. . . na. Fu °: Io. II. I2. 13. 210. PEDALIACEAE ~ 499 . Ovules 2 in each cell of the ovary. Ovules 8 or more in each cell of the Fine ethers BR by long slits. Disc one-sided. Succulent, prostrate herbs. . . 9 . Fruit 4-winged, without spines. Anther-halves tenner KR by short slits. Disc one-sided. Corolla yellow or red. Stem tuberous at the base. — Species 15. Central and South Africa. Pterodiscus Hook. Fruit wingless, bearing or or tubercles, Corolla yellow. Succulent 7) ee .. ‘ Unt 8 . Fruit with a large spine te fi babe ty Sack amide. — Be % East Africa and Madagascar. Yields vegetables and is used in medicine. Pedalium Royen Fruit without large spines at the base, but with small spines or tubercles on the flanks. Seeds We, — Species I. East Africa. (Under Pedalium Royen) ; un Pedaliophytum Engl. . Ovules 8 in each cell of fhe ovary. Corolla yellow ; tube deeply saccate at the base. — Species I. South-east Africa. . Holubia Oliv. Ovules numerous in each cell of the ovary. Corollared ; tube not or slightly saccate at the base. Fruit with several rows of recurved spines. — Species 3. South and Central Africa. Noxious weeds. ‘ Grapple Peer" (oucaria Burch.) .- vee eee Harpagophytum DC. Ovules 2—3 in each chamber of the ovary, Se or one ascending, the other descending. Fruitanut. . . . vy ars Ge Ovules numerous in each chamber, at least in the larger ones, ER or horizontal. Fruitacapsule.. . . AREA hs: 12 Ovules 2 in each of the 4 chambers of mea ovary. Fruit with 2 wie in the middle. Corollared. Trailing herbs. Leaves lobed. — Species I. fiegmtcal ane. South Africa... “Gi tee. « 5 Proifea J. Gay Ovules 3 in each chamber Shrubs. — Species 1. Northern East Africa (Somaliland). . . . . . . Pretreothamnus Engl. Cells of the ovary and fruit LH. in size and containing an unequal number of ovules or seeds. Corolla violet or white. Fruit with 2—8 spines or tubercles at the base ; only the larger cell dehiscent. Erect herbs. Leaves toothed or lobed. Flowers usually in cymes. —Species Se Centra Africa to Namaland:}).. . % < t,4../Hegeria[. Gay Cells of the ovary and fruit equal. Flowers solitary... . he Fruit with two horns or spines at the apex. Corolla red, ae ey or yellow. — Species 5. Central and South Africa. Some are used as ornamental or medicinal plants. . . . . . . Ceratotheca Endl. Fruit without horns nor spines. Sorelle red or white. — Species 20. Central and South Africa ; one species (S. indicum L.) also cultivated in Egypt and Madagascar. The seeds of this and a second species are used as food or as a condiment and for preparing meal and oil ; some species yield dyes or medicaments or serve as ornamental plants. (Plate 138.) Sesamum L. 500 211. MARTYNIACEAE — 212. OROBANCHACEAE — 213. GESNERACEAE FAMILY 211. MARTYNIACEAE Erect, hairy herbs. Leaves broad, undivided. Flowers in racemes, with large bracteoles, irregular, hermaphrodite. Calyx unequally 5-lobed, slit in front. Corolla obliquely campanulate, two-lipped, 5-lobed, red. Fertile stamens 2, inserted on the lower part of the corolla-tube, included ; staminodes 3. Disc regular. Ovary superior, I-celled, with 2 two-cleft parietal placentas. Ovules 4—16, descending, inverted. Style I, long, with 2 stigmas or stigma- lobes. Fruit ending in two horns, 8-ribbed, 4-chambered and 4-seeded, opening loculicidally at the apex; exocarp leathery, endocarp hard. Seeds with a straight embryo and thin albumen. (Under PEDALINEAE.) Genus I, species I. Naturalized in Madagascar and Mauritius. An ornamental and medicinal plant. . . . . . . +. Martynia L. FAMILY 212, OROBANCHACEAE Parasitic herbs destitute of green colour. Leaves reduced to scales. Flowers in terminal spikes or racemes, irregular, hermaphrodite. Calyx 2—5-toothed or consisting of two entire or 2-toothed segments or sepals. Corolla 4—5- lobed, imbricate in bud. Stamens inserted on the tube of the corolla, 4, in two pairs of unequal length. Anthers opening lengthwise. Ovary superior, I- celled, with 4 parietal placentas. Ovules numerous, inverted. Style simple. Fruit a loculicidal capsule. Seeds with a pitted testa, a copious albumen, and an undivided embryo. — Genera 2, species 30. North and Central Africa. (Plate 139.) Calyx 5-lobed, with blunt or rounded, nearly equal lobes. Corolla almost equally 5-lobed. Bracteoles adnate to the calyx. — Species 6. North and Central Africa. (Under Phelipaea E. Mey.) (Plate 139.) Cistanche Hoffm. & Link Calyx 2—5-toothed with pointed teeth, or consisting of two entire or 2- toothed segments or sepals. — Species 25. North and East Africa ; two species also naturalized in South Africa. Some are used as veget- ables or as medicinal or ornamental plants, others are noxious weeds. “ Broomrape.” (Including Phelipaea E. Mey.) Orobanche (Tournef.) G. Beck FAMILY 213. GESNERACEAE Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves undivided, without stipules. Flowers irregular, hermaphrodite. Sepals united below. Petals united below, im- bricate in bud. Fertile stamens 2. Disc present. Ovary superior, I-celled, with parietal placentas, sometimes incompletely 2—4-celled. Ovules numerous, inverted. Style simple. Fruit a capsule. Seeds exalbuminous; embryo straight. — Genera 6, species 65. Tropical and South Africa. (CRYTAND- REAE.) (Plate 140.) OROBANCHACEAE. FLOW. PL. AFR. Pl. 130. J. Fleischmann del. Cistanche lutea Link & Hoffmsg. AStem. B Inflorescence. C Flower laid open. D Anther. E Stigma. F Ovary cut lengthwise. G Ovary cut across GESNERACEAE, FLOW. PL. AFR. Pl. 140. J. Fleischmann del. Streptocarpus Cooperi Clarke A Whole plant. B Flower laid open. C Anther (from front and back), D Cross-section of ovary. E Fruit. 213. GESNERACEAE — 214. LENTIBULARIACEAE 501 . Fruit linear, loculicidal or follicular. Disc equal-sided, sometimes in- CO 9 AMT a ont). as riesen au Fruit oblong, ovate, or -elobose, Disc one-sided, rarely (Saintpaulia) equal-sided..: ......,. ei +>, \le| ah irvemes 9 eee . Fruit twisted. — Species 50. Tropical and South Africa. Some are used as ornamental rey (Plate 140.) (Tribe STREPTOCAR- PEAE.] anal. . . Streptocarpus Lindl. Fruit not twisted. — Ernie 5. West Africa and Madagascar. (Roettlera Vahl, including Tvachystigma C. B. Clarke) [Tribe DIDYMOCAR- PEAE.] eS ae . . . . Didymocarpus Wall. . Fruit globose, opening a Calyx shortly toothed. Corolla blue or white. Posterior stamens fertile. Inflorescence capitate. Leaves few. — Species 2. West Africa. [Tribe BESLERIEAE.] Epithema Blume Fruit ovate or oblong, opening lengthwise. . . . . . . . . 4 . Fruit loculicidal or follicular. Leaf single. — Species 2. West Africa. (Including Carolofritschia Engl.) [Tribe KLUGIEAE.] Acanthonema Hook. fil. Fruit septicidal. Leavesseveral. [Tribe RAMONDIEAE.; . . . 5 . Corolla white, lobed. Disc one-sided. Anthers oblong. Ovary completely I-celled, glandular-hairy. Stigma entire. Stem creeping. Leaves alternate. — Species1. East Africa... . . . . Linnaeopsis Engl. Corolla blue or violet, cleft. Disc equal-sided. Anthers ovoid or sub- globose. Ovary incompletely 2—4-celled, hairy. Stigma 2-lobed. Stem erect or ascending. Leaves opposite or all radical. — Species 4. East Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants. Saintpaulia Wendl. FAMILY 214. LENTIBULARIACEAE Rootless herbs with pitcher-leaves. Flowers solitary or in spikes or racemes, irregular, hermaphrodite. Calyx 2- or 5-parted. Corolla of united petals, 2- lipped, spurred or saccate. Stamens 2, attached to the base of the corolla. Anthers 1-celled. Ovary superior, I-celled, with a free central placenta. Ovules several or many, inverted. Stigma sessile, entire or unequally 2-lobed. Fruit a 3—many-seeded capsule. Seeds exalbuminous. — Genera 2, species 65. (Plate 141.) Calyx subequally 5-partite. Land- or marsh-plants. Pitcher-leaves tubular with two spirally, twisted arms. Flowers in few-flowered racemes, with 2 bracteoles each. — Species 3. South Africa and southern Central PETIA WS we hose ie 2.2 unenlises St./ Tak Calyx 2-partite or of 2 free sepals. Pitcher- leaves bladder-like, ovoid or globose. — Species 60. Some of them are used as ornamental, medicinal, or dye-plants. “ Bladderwort.” (Plateıgı.) . . . Utrieularia L. 502 215. GLOBULARIACEAE — 216. ACANTHACEAE FAMILY 215. GOBULARIACEAE Shrubs: Leaves alternate, undivided, without stipules. Flowers in heads or spikes, irregular, hermaphrodite. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla 2-lipped, 5- lobed, usually blue: Stamens 4, in two pairs’of unequal length, attached to the corolla. .Staminodes none. Anthers turned inwards, 2-celled, opening by a transverse slit. Disc present, usually gland-like. Ovary superior, I- celled. Ovule 1, pendulous, inverted. Style simple ;. stigma entire or 2-lobed. Fruit dry, indehiscent. Seed albuminous; embryo straight, the radicle turned upwards. — Genera 3, species 6. North Africa, Cape Verde Islands, and Socotra. (Under SELAGINEAE.) 1. Flowers in spikes. Corolla scarcely exceeding the calyx; lobes of the upper lip similar to those of the lower. — Species 1. Island of Socotra. Pose Cockburnia Balf. Flowers in heads. Corolla distinctly exceeding the calyx; lobes of the upper lip much shorter than those of the lower. . . 2 2. Heads axillary. Corolla-tube slit open between the lobes af the Be lip. — Species 2. Madeira, Canaries, and Cape Verde Islands. (Under Globularia L.) u 1 ees . . . Lytanthus Wettst. Heads terminal. Corolla-tube not an — Spee 3. :North Africa. Weed inercmally. TER ees es . .. . Globularia L. SUBORDER ACANTHINEAE FAMILY 216. ACANTHACEAE Leaves opposite or whorled, simple, without stipules, usually dotted with cystoliths. Flowers more or less irregular, 4—5-merous, hermaphrodite. Petals united below. Fertile stamens 2 or 4. Disc usually present. Style simple. Stigma entire or 2-lobed, rarely 4-lobed. Ovary superior, 2-celled, rarely (Afromendoncia) 1-celled. Fruit a loculicidal capsule, the valves bearing the split dissepiments, more rarely a drupe. Seeds 2 or more, mostly exalbum- inous; funicle usually with a hook-like outgrowth. — Genera 106, species 1100. (Plate 142.) ; I. Fruit a 1—2-celled, 1—2-seeded drupe. Funicles small, without an out- growth. Ovary 1—2-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell. Stamens 4, with 2-celled anthers. Corolla with contorted aestivation. Calyx minute, enveloped by two large bracteoles. Flowers solitary or in clusters in the leaf-axils, rarely in terminal racemes. Leaves not dotted with cystoliths. Bese, shrubs. [Subfamily MENDONCIOID- ja ty leo hair alia i a En Fruit a 2-celled, 2- or more- ER ae Funicles with a tubercle- or hook-shaped Ne or thickened throughout their length. Ovary erremem. se se a eerie 2. Ovary I-celled. Fruit abiediatt or ovate: : Plöwets in axillary clusters. — Species 6. Tropics. ate Liraya Pierre, under Mendoncia MEANY ons . .« « . . . . Afromendoneia Gilg Ovary 2-celled, at en hea VOUNE. 6, es So Ve ee LENTIBULARIACEAE, PLOW. PL. AFR: PLTAS. J. Fleischmann del. Utricularia livida E. Mey. A Plant in flower, B Flower. C Pistil and calyx cut lengthwise. ACANTHACEAE FLOW. PL. AFR. J. Fleischmann del Justicia matammensis (Schweinf.) Lindau A Plant in flower (most of the corollas having fallen off). B Flower. C Flower cut iengthwise, lengthwise (withcut the seeds). D Stamen, E Fruit cut 216. ACANTHACEAE 503 3. Flowers solitary, axillary. Leaves ovate. Corolla-tube curved, gibbous | below. Fruit globose. — Species 1. West Africa (Congo). Gilletiella De Wild. & Dur. Flowers in axillary clusters or in terminal racemes. Leaves oblong. — Species 2. Madagascar. . . . . + Monachochlamys Bak. 4. {Funicles short and thick, without a iets outgrowth. Seeds and ovules 2 in each cell. Seeds globular, with a lateral hilum. Fruit beaked at the apex. Stamens 4; anthers 2-celled. Corolla nearly regular, with contorted aestivation. Calyx enclosed by two large bracteoles. Leaves not dotted with cystoliths. Shrubs or climbing herbs. [Sub- family THUNBERGIOIDEAE.| . . . 5 Funicles with a large hook-shaped or a na A pad EEE in the latter case seeds and ovules6or moreineachcell. . . . . 6 -5. Anthers opening by pores. Stigma two-lobed. Calyx truncate. Corolla slightly two-lipped. Flowers in racemes. Climbing shrubs. — Species 2. Madagascar and southern East Africa. (Under Thunbergia L. f.) Pseudocalyx Radlk. Anthers opening by longitudinal slits. — Species roo. Tropical and South Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants. (Including Hexacentris Nees) eve . . . Thunbergia L. f. 6. Funicles small, with a minute vain like ander Seeds and ovules 6 or more in each cell. Seeds globose, with a lateral hilum, albuminous. Fruit beaked, rarely only pointed at the apex. Calyx unequally 4—5- parted. Corolla obscurely 2-lipped, with ımbricate, not contorted aestivation. Anthers. 2-celled. Disc indistinct. Herbs. Leaves not dotted with cystoliths. Flowers in spikes. ee oa NELSONIOI- DEAE.| . . el te 7 Funicles with a Beet Hike BC ÜUSTIRRER ee (Synnema) thickened with an obscure outgrowth, but then corolla with contorted aestivation and leaves dotted with cystoliths. Seeds with a basal or subbasal hilum, exalbuminous, usually flat. Fruit usually prolonged into a stalk at the base, rarely beaked at the top. [Subfamily RCANTHOIDEAE,|: 4) o fata uleo Moth leper eee > 9 7. Sepals 5, unequal, almost free. Stamens 4. Ovules in each cell numerous, in 3—4 rows. Fruit not distinctly beaked. — Species I. Central Africa. (Ebermaiera Nees, Zenkerina Engl.). . . Staurogyne Wall. Sepals 5, two of them united nearly to the top. Stamens 2. Ovules in each cell 6—10, in tworows. Fruit beaked. . . . all 8. Flowers with bracteoles. Stalk of the inflorescence ee with im- bricate bracts. Leaves radical or alternate. Stem erect, usually very short. — Species 1. Central Africa. (Tubiflora Gmel.) Elytraria Vahl Flowers without bracteoles. Stalk of the inflorescence without bracts or wanting. Leaves opposite. Stem procumbent or ascending. — SERIES ATOPICS. |: 2 00 ee Re. ASIEN anes 504 Q. 12), II; 12. 13. I4. 15. 16. 17. 216. ACANTHACEAE Corolla with contorted aestivation. Anthers 2-celled. Seeds usually haltyı re + ee Corolla with ibecate Naot ook EN Sa ne gla- Prous: coe ee ES zul, ne 2) Corolla nt I- or 2- ge N Corolla nearly regular. . . EN u. Fertile stamens 2. Corolla- ee ne be thin, Fruit contracted into a stalk. Seeds 2 in each cell. Flowers in Pere — Species I. Equator- ial East Africa (Uganda). . . . . . .» . Eranthemum L. Fertile stamens 4, rarely 2, but then, as kn seeds more than 2 in each cell of the fruit. Ovules 4 or more in each ovary-cell. [Tribe HYGROPHILEAE.] ei ee hr ET an ER Corolla 1-lipped, 5-lobed; tube cylindrical. Calyx equally 5-toothed. Stamens 4. Anthers not spurred. Ovules 4—8 in each cell of the ovary. Shrubs. Flowers in panicles. — Species 5. Central Africa. Some of them yield fish-poison or serve as ornamental plants. (Including Eremomastax Lindau). . . . . . . . Paulowilhelmia Hochst. Corolla 2-lipped. „inte Sale Anon Punkte ont eet caer ere Fertile stamens 2 ; the anterior stamens sterile. Calyx 5-partite. Corolla red or violet ; tube short, with a transverse fold. Ovules numerous. Herbs or undershrubs. Flowers in panicles, racemes, or spikes. — Species 20. Tropics. Some are used as ornamental plants. Brillantaisia Beauv. Fertile stamens 4, rarely 2, but then the posterior stamens sterile or want- mat. di age pA eee! +. ala ere 2 oe Funicles of the seeds with an indistinct, cushion-shaped RAIDER Ovules. numerous. Stamens 2—4. Calyx 5-partite. Flowers solitary or in axillary cymes. Herbs. — Species 6. Central Africa. (Cardanthera Ham.)ır.nile . 200.2... Synnema Benth. Funicles of the ei it a de fond: -shaped outgrowth. Stamens 4, approximate in pairs, each decurrent uponacommon fold. . . . 15 Stem woody. Flowers in axillary cymes. Calyx equally 5-partite. Anthers spurred, rarely only pointed at the base. Ovules 4—6 in each cell of the ovary. — Species 4. East Africa. Mellera S. Moore Stem herbaceous. Anthers not spurred. . . . - i ne Flowers in axillary clusters, intermixed with spines. Calyx 4-partite. Ovules 4—6 in each ovary-cell. — Species 2. Central Africa. Used for making salt. (Under Hygrophila R. Br.) . . Asteracantha Nees Flowers solitary or in spineless clusters or panicles. — Species 20. Tropical and South Africa. Some are used medicinally. (Including Nomaphila Blume) N a 2 5. + ea IR (10) Fruit distinctly compressed from front to back, contracted into a short stalk, 2—4-seeded. Ovules I—2 in each ovary-cell. Stamens 4, united in pairs and decurrent at the base. [Tribe PETALIDIEAE.] 18 18. 10. 20. 2I. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 216. ACANTHACEAE 505 Fruit more or less terete or 4- Re [Tribes RUELLIEAE and STROB- LLANTEFÄR.] . ., 22 Ovary-cells 1-ovuled. BR Py Cale & „left or rh ehe "lowes in axillary clusters. Bracts oblong, about as long as the calyx ; bract- eoles smaller. — Species 8. Central Africa. Disperma C. B. Clarke Ovary-cells 2-ovuled. Bracts or bracteoles large. . . sinh tle Calyx-segments 4 owing to the complete or nearly ER union of the two anticous segments. Flowers solitary or in short lateral inflores- cences. — Species 18. Tropics. (Under Petalidium Nees). Pseudobarleria T. Anders. Calyx-segments 5, almost free. 5 ee er ere ee Calyx-segments very unequal, the posticous much larger, bract-like. Inflorescences spike-like, composed of cymes. — Species 15. Tropical and South Africa. Some are used medicinally. (Aetheilema R. Br., Micranthus Wendl., Phaylopsis Willd.) . . . . Phaulopsis Willd. Calyx-segments nearly equal . . ET VERWERTEN: Stigma entire, capitate. ehr Blunt Flowers in terminal false umbels. — Species 1. Madagascar. . . . . Zygoruellia Baill. Stigma unequally 2-lobed, filiform. ater halves eyed or tailed below. Flowers solitary or in cymes. — Species 5. West and South Africa, Petalidium Nees (17.) Ovules 2 in each VIERTE Fruit contracted into a stalk, 2—4- Sn . ee ee 2.0, 28 Ovules 3 or more in ovary- Ask Pili 3 30 Fertile stamens 2. Corolla-tube long and narrow throughout 4 re 24 Fertile stamens 4. : x 5 25 Calyx divided nearly a the aes an orange. Ann capitate or oblong, more or less 2-lobed. Fruit ellipsoid, contracted into a short stalk, usually 2-seeded. Flowers in heads, spikes, or panicles. Bracteoles nearly as long as the calyx. — Species 5. Central Africa. Used as ornamental plants. Saha . . Lankesteria Lindl. Calyx divided to the middle or somewhat Fever. Corolla white. Stigma entire, oblong-linear. Fruit linear, contracted into a long stalk, usually 4-seeded. Flowers solitary or few together in the leaf-axils. Bracteoles much shorter than the calyx. — Species 4. South and East Africa. (Under Calophanes Don). . . .. » Chaetacanthus Nees Filaments free fromthe base. . . a Ah Filaments united in pairs at the bare si ee in hes form of two Tidees., . 5 Si tee Calyx shortly ned. Cae ants with a wee en De very small. Flowers solitary, axillary. Bracteoles very small and narrow. — Species 2. Northern East Africa. . . . . Satanoerater Schweinf. Calyx deeply divided. Flowers in racemes or panicles. Bracteoles large, membranous. — Species 15. Central Africa. (Including Stylarthropus Be, eo tn een We eng SEINE 506 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33- 34- 35. 36. 216. ACANTHACEAE Staminal ridges confluent, hence all stamens inserted upon a common fold. Anther-halves blunt. Fruit oblong ovoid or globose, 3—4- seeded. Flowers solitary or in spikes. — Species 4. Madagascar. Strobilanthes Blume Staminal ridges separate. Flowers solitary orincymes. . . . . 28 Calyx 5-cleft. Anther-halves usually tailed. Fruit linear, 4-seeded. — Species 30. Tropical and South Africa. inte au Don, including Phillipsia Rolfe). A he . . Dysehoriste Nees Calyx 5-parted. Anthers Hine. Fruit oblong or ültslicht? vB 29 Fruit 2-seeded. Pollen-grains ovoid, with longitudinal ribs. Brake shrubs. — Species I. Southern East Africa. Strobilanthopsis S. Moore Fruit 4-seeded. Pollen-grains globular, prickly. — Species 8. Tropics. (Under Dischistocalyx T. na . . . Acanthopale C. B. Clarke (22.) Fertile stamens2. . . . oe ce a ec a er Fertilestamens4.. . ; a Ovules 3—6 in each an Se ah a nearly 2-lipped; tube short, wide, funnel-shaped. Flowers several together in the leaf-axils. Shrubs. — Species 2. Madagascar. (Under Ruttya Filey sos . . . «. . . Forsythiopsis Bak. Ovules I0 in Beh Mary: Ai oe solitary. Herbs. — Species I. Madagascar. . . . . . Ruelliola Baill. Filaments free from the Baal! anthers ih a fertile and a rudimentary half. Calyx 5-lobed. Corolla white. Ovules 3—4 in each ovary-cell. Flowers in spikes or heads. — Species 3. West Africa. (Physacanthus Benth.) St . . . Haselhoftia Lindau Filaments united in pairs at sine babe irren in the form of two ridges. Anthers with both halves fertile: Calyx 5-cleft or 5- Pool or AR Staminal ridges confluent. Anthersnottailed. . . . BREIT Staminal ridges separate. . . . : if ing Ver Corolla long funnel-shaped. lowers in ne oie? — Species I. Island of St. Thomas. (Under Paulowilhelmia Hochst.) Heteradelphia Lindau Corolla tubular. Flowers in spike- or head-like inflorescences. — Species 5. . Central Atrica, 7; é . . «+ Hemigraphis Nees Anther-halves of the anterior en at “tease one of them, tailed at the base. Calyx-segments subequal. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a short and wide tube. Flowers in panicles. — Species 15. Tropics. (Includ- ing Epiclastopelma Lindau) . . » » . Mimulopsis Schweinf. Anther-halves without an appendage at the base, rarely (Ruelliopsis) all tailed, and then calyx-segments unequal and flowers solitary. . 36 Stigma 2-lobed. Ovules 3—4 in each ovary-cell. Disc cup-shaped, toothed. Anthers exserted. Corolla red. Flowers solitary. Leaves crowded at the end of the branches. Glabrous shrubs. — Species I. Madagascar. . . . . . . Camarotea Elliot Stigma entire or Erde with asall tooth. eh a hen ae 37. 38. 216. ACANTHACEAE 507 Flowers in spike- or head-like inflorescences. Calyx-segments usually very unequal. Bracteoles very small. — Species 9. Central Africa. (Dischistocalyx T. Anders.) . . . . . Distichoealyx T. Anders. Flowers solitary or in neither spike- nor head-like cymes or panicles. . 38 Leaves one-sided (with unequal halves) and usually very unequal in size, entire. Flowers solitary. Bracteoles very small. Calyx-segments subequal, very long. Corolla red or blue, with a long cylindrical tube. Anthers included. — Species 2. Equatorial West Africa. ) Endosiphon T. Anders. '. Leaves equal- pad or nearly so, about equalinsize. . . 39 39. 40. 43 42. 43. Pollen-grains with many longitudinal ribs. Anthers iol Pad, Gait, segments. unequal. Corolla funnel-shaped. Flowers solitary. Bract- eoles small. Leaves linear, entire. Shrubs. — Species 3. East and South Africa. . . . . Ruelliopsis C. B. Clarke Pollen-grains netted or pied Yun not tailed. — Species 30. Tropical and South Africa. Some are used as ornamental or medicinal plants. (Including Dipteracanthus Nees) . . oak it akgellia L. (9.) Corolla with imbricate, not ascending RR 2-lipped or nearly regular. Filaments free. Anthers, at least those of the anterior stamens, 2-celled. Ovules I—2 in each cell, rarely( Crabbea) 3—4. Fruit not distinctly contracted into a stalk. [Tribe BARLERIEAE.] 41 Corolla with imbricate, ascending aestivation.. . . 48 Calyx 4-parted, one of the segments sometimes shortly foaghed: na 2, more rarely 4, exserted. Disc cup-shaped. Stigma-lobes 2, subequal, sometimes nearly confluent. Flowers. in cymes, spikes, racemes, or heads. — Species 120. Tropical and South Africa and Egypt. Some are used as ornamental or medicinal plants. (Including Somalia Oliv.) Barleria L. Calyx 2- or 5-parted. Stamens 4, included. Disc ring-shaped or indistinct. 42 Calyx 2-lipped or 2-parted. Corolla folded in the bud, nearly regular, with short triangular lobes. Anthers of the posterior stamens 1-celled. Disc indistinct. Stigma entire. Inflorescence spike- or head-like. — Species 12. Tropics. (Including Leucobarleria Lindau) Neuracanthus Nees Calyx 5-parted. Corolla not folded. Anthers 2-celled, rarely those of the posterior stamens I-celled, but then corolla eke Disc zmesHapel. .. . .. 43 Flowers surrounded by 4 ies bile fit ihe narrow prdctebles, Corolla-lobes spreading, pink. Anthers 2-celled. — Species 1. Mada- eascar. \(Pertblema DC.) '': 9. LAA Lt Boutonia DC. Flowers not surrounded by united bracts, Kay but without bracteoles, or in spike- or head-like inflorescences. Corolla two-lipped. . Bracteoles surrounding the flowers 4, large, exceeding the calyx. Flowers in head-like cymes, very small, stalked, intermixed with bracts. Corolla 508 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 216. ACANTHACEAE white. Anthers with equal halves. Ovary hairy above. Ovules 2 in each cell. Stigma unequally 2-lobed. — Species 1. Madagascar. Warpuria Stapf Bracteoles.aminute.or absent...» .ij:sspeytehiyte 11: +: Flowers solitary, axillary. Stamens approximate in pairs. Anthers all 2-celled. Be with two almost equal lobes. — Species 2. South Africa. «©. . . . Glossochilus Nees Flowers in seiko: or eee like ie Stigma entire or very unequally 2-lobed, rarely almost equally 2-lobed, but then anthers partly z-£elled. |. sy) .0! he Oa Vanihadhiet sien Stamens approximate in pairs. Anther-halves unappendaged, inserted nearly at the same level. Calyx-teeth pointed. Ovary and style glabrous. Ovules 2—4 in each ovary-cell. Fruit narrow-oblong, 4—8-seeded. Inflorescence se — Species 10. South and Central MIRCEA, . . Crabbea Harv. Stamens not Mane eer in pate vnlhveds all with one half inserted lower than the other, or the posterior with one half only developed. Ovules I—2 in each ovary-cell. Fruit 2—4-seeded. . . . . . 4 Anterior calyx-segments united halfway up. Corolla violet. Anthers of the anterior stamens with unappendaged halves inserted at the same level; those of the posterior stamens with one half only developed. Stigma with 2 minute, subequal lobes. Flowers in few-flowered spikes. — Species t. Northern East Africa (Somaliland). Lindauea Rendle Anterior calyx-segments nearly free. Anthers of all or only the anterior stamens with one half inserted lower than the other. Stigma entire. — Species 30. Central Africa. (Including Volkensiophyton Lindau). Lepidagathis Willd. (40.) Corolla 1-lipped, 3—5-lobed; in place of the upper lip a slit. Stamens 4. Anthers 1-celled. Ovules I—2 in each ovary-cell. Flowers. in spikes; [Tribe ACANTHEAE | . 7, 120,200 200 2 Corolla 2-lipped or nearly regular. . . . . ee De Calyx 4-parted. Corolla white or blue, rarely ade 4 tube short. Leaves usually prickly. . . Caer. ern eT Calyx 5-parted. Leaves rab til el eee he) tay? en Corolla-tube of moderate length. Sepals free. Filaments very short. Bracts small ; bracteoles much larger. Leaves undivided. — Species I. Equatorial East Africa (Uganda). . . . Crossandrella C. B. Clarke Corolla-tube very short. Bracts large, imbricate, usually prickly ; bract- eoles small and narrow or wanting. . . . .. . 5 NEE Anterior filaments with a process near the top. Ovary with two elandulär pits at the apex. Stigma-lobes 2, equal. Corolla-tube nearly globular. Fruit more or less contracted at the base. Seeds hairy. — Species 60. Tropical and South Africa and Egypt. Some are used as vegetables or in medicine ; others are noxious weeds. . . . . Blepharis Juss. 52. 53: 54. 55: 56. 37: 58. 59: 216. ACANTHACEAE 509 Anterior filaments without an apical process. Ovary without glandular pits at the top. Corolla-tube Nea nee Fruit not or scarcely contracted atthe base. . . + Dor ais re aa Stigma with 2 almost equal rete Disc oblique. ob aug glabrous. Spikes stalked. — Species 15. Some of them are used as ornamental or medicinal plants. . . . a 7 . Aeantime ©. Stigma with very unequal robes or a Disc indistinct. Seeds bristly, usually 2. Spikes sessile. Bracts ending in 3—5 spines. — Species 7. South Africa. . . . . . Aecanthopsis Harv. Calyx-segments dnesman ine deserter hitch broader than the anterior, 2-nerved, often toothed. Corolla red or yellow; tube very long. Anthers included. Seeds hairy. Bracteoles usually as long as the calyx. — Species 17. Tropical and South Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants. . . . . . Crossandra Salisb. Calyx-segments subequal, the ste as tinal as or a little broader than the anterior, one-nerved, rarely many-nerved and then sometimes toothed. Anthers more or less exserted. Seeds not hairy. Bracteoles shorter than the calyx. . . OL 5 Corolla-tube long. Anthers blunt. Wine ‘hig Benit ae) contracted at the base. — Species 8. Tropics. (Including Butayea De Wild. and Pleuroblepharis Baill., under Sclerochiton Harv.) Pseudoblepharis Baill. Corolla-tube short. Anthers pointed. Disc small. Fruit slightly con- tracted at the base. — Species 4. Central and South Africa. Selerochiton Harv. (48.) Corolla nearly regular, often obscurely two-lipped. Ovules 2 in each ovary-cell. Flowers in spikes, racemes, or panicles. . . . 56 Corolla distinctly 2-lipped. . . . . Oa gett EA TEE SNORE Fertile stamens 2. Staminodes usually present. "ehe 5-parted. [Tribe a ehr Dal be AS A ee ee 7. Fertile stamens 4. : nes Re eae ri 3 Anthers I- ARTEN C aia saat subulate. arate tube cylindrical, not widened above. Seeds I—2, nearly smooth. Shrubs. Flowers in panicles. — Species 1. Northern East Africa (Somaliland). Ruspolia Lindau Anthers 2-celled. Seeds 4, rarely fewer. . . A were Corolla-tube funnel-shaped, much widened cs ie nearly smooth. Flowers in racemes, white. Shrubs. — Species 1. Natal. Used as an ornamental plant. (Under Asystasia Blume). . . Maekaya Harv Corolla-tube cylindrical, scarcely widened above. Seeds wrinkled. — Species 12. Tropics. Some are used as ornamental plants. (Under Evanthemum L.) . . . . . . Pseuderanthemum Radlk. Anthers I-celled, cohering. Fri Hat contracted into a stalk. Flowers in spikes. — Species 1. Madagascar. . . Stenandriopsis S. Moore Anthers 2-celled. Fruit contracted at the base into a long stalk. [Tribe PE EPEAT A A 2000 510 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 216. ACANTHACEAE Calyx 5-lobed, with broad segments. Sterile stamen present. Stigma- lobes unequal. Shrubs. Flowers in racemes. Bracteoles none. — Species 4. West Africa. (Scytanthus T. Anders.) Thomandersia Baill. Calyx 5-parted, with narrow segments. Sterile stamen absent. Stigma- lobes,subequal. . Seeds; 4... Bracteoles present... .. §..»/{ 2) selina, SurkıE Anther-halves of the longer stamens elliptical, one inserted much lower than the other ; those of the shorter stamens suborbicular and divergent. Flowers in panicles. — Species 1. Equatorial West Africa. Filetia Miq. Anther-halves oblong, nearly parallel and inserted at about the same level... + wellaw ey fot hllammer | sharia, Merten oun Disc laterally 2-lobed. Bracts long. Flowers in spikes. — Species 2. East Africa. (Under Asystasia Blume). . . . Parasystasia Baill. Disc not 2-lobed. Bractsshort. . . . 63 Pollen-grains prickly, not striped. Ks Shorts) BU. at the base. Flowers in panicles. — Species 1. East Africa. Asystasiella Lindau Pollen-grain striped, not prickly. — Species 20. Tropical and South Africa. Some of them are used as vegetables or as ornamental or medicinal plants. . . . . Syn se „rAsystasia’ Blume (55.) Ovules 3—6 in each ovary- th Fertile stamens 2, staminodes none. Anthers 2-celled. Herbs. Flowers in panicles. — Species 1. Natural- ized in the Mascarene Islands. Used medicinally. [Tribe AND- ROGRAPHIDEAE.]. . . ‘ae Andrographis Nees. Ovules I--2 in each ovary-cell. [Tribes ‘GRAPTOPHYLLEAE, ODON- TONEMEAE, ISOGLOSSEAE, and JUSTICIEAE.] . . „7.65 Fertile stamens 4." Anthers'2-celled. . . "HN. ee Fertilestamens2.. . . ee htt ne Corolla-tube long, rest Anther-halves pointed at the base. Leaves- ovate or elliptical. Flowers in terminal cymesor panicles. . . . 67 Corolla-tube rather short and wide. Leaves oblong or lanceolate. . . 68 Stigma entire. Stamens inserted a little below the throat of the corolla. Bracteoles small. — Species I. Central Africa. (Siyasasia S. Moore, under Asystasia Blume) . . . . . Isochoriste Miq. Stigma 2-lobed. Stamens eared in ae Feel of the corolla-tube. Bracteoles large. — Species 2. Madagascar. . . Foreipella Baill. Anther-halves blunt at the base. Stamens inserted at the throat of the corolla. Posterior stigma-lobe tubercle-shaped. Calyx-segments un- equal. Seeds oblong. Flowers crowded in the axils of the leaves. Bracts and bracteoles narrow, clothed with red hairs. — Species I. Madagascar. . . a See Synchoriste Baill. Anther-halves pointed at the De raps and bracteoles broad. . 69 Inflorescences axillary, cymose, borne on a long stalk. Bracts incised. — Species I. Madagascar... . . . . . . . Podorungia Baill. _—— un 70. 71. 22. 73. 74. 75- 76. 77: 78. 79. 216. ACANTHACEAE 5ır Inflorescences terminal, racemose, the lower flowers solitary in the leaf-axils. Pedicels 4-winged. Seeds 2, roundish. — Species 1. Madagascar. Chlamydacanthus Lindau (65.)Staminodes 2. Fruit contracted into a long stalk. Bracts and Brasteolessmäll. ... .. .. anti Va Staminodes none, rarely DER Basho! $F oon es Anthers projecting far beyond the corolla-tube ; ern a Ri; heights, pointed at the base. Calyx short. Cole red; tube long, funnel- shaped. Shrubs. Flowers panicled. — on I. Naturalized in West Africa. An ornamental and medicinal plant. Graptophyllum Nees Anthers slightly projecting, with one half only developed Er 7 Anthers pointed. Corolla red ; tube short and wide. Flowers in cymes or panicles. — Species 5. East and South Africa and Madagascar. Ruttya Harv. Anthers blunt. Corolla yellow ; tube long, ventricose. Flowers solitary or in cymes. Shrubs. — Species 4. Island of Socotra. Ballochia Balf. fil. BE ör-gelled, Dlünit. |. mr ue le Gt CoRR OR ie rw can T Bee ealledl., aR mae RSS See pn 1 oS Lb NA Te Re ry ey St REP Stigma 2-lobed. . . . 76 Flowers in cymes each ie ceed heise ae eed, in Ehe or fascicles. Bracteoles exceeding the calyx. Calyx scarious. Woolly shrubs. —Species2. Madagascar. . . . . . . Lasiocladus Boj. Flowers in spikes or panicles, with free bracts. Corolla-tube very long and narrow. — Species 9. Tropics. . . . . . Brachystephanus Nees Corolla-tube very short, bell-shaped. Stamens eeded in the lower part of it. Fruit contracted into a long stalk. Flowers in panicles. — Species I. Equatorial West Africa (Cameroons). Oreaeanthus Benth. Corolla-tube not very short, cylindrical or funnel-shaped. Stamens inserted in its upper part oratthethroat. . . . OO RR ra 7, Flowers in spikes. Bracteoles equalling the calyx. Coralia funnel-shaped. Fruit contracted into a long stalk. — Species 2. Central Africa. Monotheeium Hochst. Flowers in cymes, heads, or panicles. Bracts usually united. Bracteoles exceeding the calyx. Calyx scarious. Fruit contracted into a short stalk or not contracted. . . : neve tele Calyx deeply two-lipped, Gomis & En Carolia Maser shaped. Fruit without a stalk. Flowers panicled. — Species 1. Madagascar. Amphiestes S. Moore Calyx regular or nearly so, 4—5-lobedor-parted.. . . . . . + 7Q Calyx 4-parted. Flowers in umbellately ek al cymes. — Species 2. Madagascar and Comoro Islands. . . .. .« Periestes Baill. Calyx 5-lobed to 5-parted. — ae 70. pene and South Africa. Some are used in medicine. : . «. «. » Mypocstes R. Be 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 216. ACANTHACEAE (73.) Anther-halves inserted at unequal heights. . . . oe ee Anther-halves inserted at the same level, unappendaged at the Se Be a Anther-halves, both or the lower one, prolonged at the base into a spur- or tail-like appendage. . . -, *) Anther-halves blunt or Bone RR a tetas mucro, but neither spurred nor tailed. . . . ° + ae Corolla-tube barrel-shaped, widened eae ie ey ee short. Calyx- segments very long and narrow. Stamens erry in the middle of the corolla-tube. Upper anther-half without a spur. Disc cup-shaped. Fruit contracted into a long stalk. Shrubs. Flowers panicled, red. Bracts and bracteoles small. — Species 2. Island of Socotra. Trichocalyx Balf. fil. Corolla-tube cylindrical or narrowly funnel-shaped. . . . ... 83 Corolla-tube very long, much longer than the limb. Herbs or under- shrubs. Flowers solitary or 2—3 together in the axils of the leaves. Bracts narrow. . . ot tes tag N Corolla-tube short or rather hört: reais ME ee - © Corolla very large, red. Stamens inserted in ie upper BER of the corolla- tube. Leaves lanceolate. — Species I. South-east Africa. (Under Siphonoglossa Oerst.). . . re Aulojustieia Lindau Corolla medium-sized. Stamens peer taliet in the lower part of the corolla- tube. Leaves elliptical to orbicular. — Species 3. South and East Attica. (Under Jason Lalo ution. CPE, Siphonoglossa Oerst. Disc cup-shaped. Stamens inserted at the throat of the corolla. Pollen- grains with several longitudinal rows of tubercles sometimes replaced by patches. Partition of the fruit not separating from the valves at maturity. — Species 160. Tropical and South Africa and Canary Islands. Some of the species are used as ornamental, medicinal, or dye-plants. (Including Adhatoda Nees, Dianthera L., Gendarussa Nees, Monechma Hochst., and Rhytiglossa Nees). (Plate 142.) Justicia L. Disc ring-shaped. Pollen-grains usually without tubercles. . . . 86 Calya-SEEMEBIS Aine vs, mrcn:| josey spade Piepl a) Konkurs Sehe (ie Mbre ak an Calyx-segments 5. . . os A Flowers in spikes LEG in lee aa s; the a a the branches. Fruit contracted into a short stalk. Shrubs. — Species 1. Madagascar. Corymbostachys Lindau Flowers in axillary spikes. Fruit contracted into a rather long stalk. Herbs. —Species 5. Madagascar and West Africa. (Under Justicia L.) Anisostachya Nees FIoWer In panicles. . a „u. a ee, 2 Fe Flowers in spikes. N ere Stem woody, shrubby. le Hund ie Bare very narrow. Corolla blue. Anther-halves both spurred. Fruit contracted into a short stalk. — Species 1. Equatorial West Africa (Cameroons). (Under Justicd L) . 3) .. 274 wen . ""Salvıacanthus Ginga 90. gI. 92. 93- 94. 95. 96. 216. ACANTHACEAE 513 Stem herbaceous. Inflorescences abundantly branched. Bracts broad. Lower anther-half spurred, the upper not. Fruit contracted into a long stalk. — Species 6. Tropical and South Africa. (Under Justicia L.) Rhaphidospora Nees Stem woody, shrubby. Calyx 5-cleft, scarious. Corolla large, red. — Species 4. East Africa and Madagascar. (Under Macrorungia C. B. Ne De EEE Sympleetochilus Lindau Stem herbaceous... 3 : oy GE Stamens inserted at the soiled of the nae Calyx membranous. Parti- tion of the fruit separating from the valves at maturity. Flowers small. Bracts broad, in 4 ranks, whereof two enclose no flowers. Bracteoles large. — Species 9. Tropits: 259, os tig a EID NCES Stamens inserted in the lower part of tiie NE tube. Partition of the fruit not separating from the valves. — Species 10, Central Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants. (Under Justicia L.) Nieoteba Lindau (81.) Corolla-tube bell- or ae wide throughout or much widened EIVE. oi. 003 Corolla-tube Spin arical narrow Abid a or eklig widened ove "G5 Anther-halves inserted at slightly unequal heights. Corolla-tube some- what shorter than the limb. Pollen-grains ovoid, with several rows of patches. Disc lobed. Fruit oblong or club-shaped. Flowers in spikes or panicles. — Species 18. Tropical and South Africa. (Under Adhatoda Nees or Justicia L.) . . . . . . Duvernoya E. Mey. Anther-halves inserted at very unequal heights, more rarely at slightly unequal ones, but then corolla-tube as long as or longer than the limb. Pollen-grains more or less globose, nearly smooth. Herbs or under- SOE Se ve 4.5 Vek) yeti ee Agate EN eee Ng, fog tye 3. Ue oc nee Flowers in cymes. Corolla-tube long. Stamens inserted at its middle. Anther-halves inserted at slightly unequal heights. Stigma 2-lobed. Fruit oblong, without a distinct stalk. Seeds 2 fertile and 2 sterile. Leaves sessile, lanceolate. — Species 1. Madagascar. Melittacanthus S. Moore Flowers in racemes or panicles. Fruit contracted into a stalk. — Species 40. Tropical and South Africa. . . . . . Isoglossa Oerst. Corolla-tube short, much shorter than the lips. Anther-halves inserted at slightly unequal heights. Shrubs. . . . mites? rt oe Corolla-tube long or rather long ; upper lip pie! or shortly toothed. Preeeushaped: 1 „el... . 98 Upper lip of the corolla deeply cleft. igs ja tee Were Disc cup- shaped. Leaves broad, ec -sided. Flowers in panicles. — Species I. Madagascar. . . . . Populina Baill. Upper lip of the a ehr or shöhtlg ‘eared! Disc ring-shaped. Piogers in sulkesscr fascicles, MP MiG d es) ee, te 50 2K 514 210. ACANTHACEAE 97. Bracts very small, shorter than the calyx. Calyx-segments nearly free, 3-nerved. Stamens inserted at the throat of the corolla. Partition ‚ of the fruit not mee re from the valves. — Species 5. Central Altea cee 4 el Mea). va Anisotes Nees. Bracts large, as long as or ‘Ione that the calyx. Stamens inserted in. the corolla-tube. Partition of the fruit separating from the valves at maturity. — Species 5. Tropical Africa to Transvaal. (Macrorungia yemonsIaree),. . , . . . Himantochilus T. Anders. 98. Bracts small. Anther- ie en at slightly unequal heights. Fruit. oblong, narrowed into a long stalk. Shrubs, usually climbing. Flowers. in panicles. — Species 6. Tropical and South Africa. Some are used as ornamental or medicinal plants. . . . . . Rhinaecanthus Nees Bracts large. Fruit narrowed into a short stalk. Herbs. . . . . 99- 99. Bracts not opposite in pairs. Corolla small. Anther-halves inserted at slightly unequal heights. Pollen-grains globose, with 6 pores and several longitudinal rows of raised dots. — Species 3. Equatorial West Africa. . . . . . . Chlamydocardia Lindau. Bracts opposite in pairs enn ys united at the base, enclosing I—2 flowers. Pollen-grains ovoid, smooth, with 3 pores and 3 bands. . 100 100. Stamens inserted at the throat of the corolla. Fruit oblong; partition. not separating from the valves. — Species 10. Tropical and South Africa. Some are used as ornamental or medicinal plants. Peristrophe Nees. Stamens inserted in the corolla-tube. Fruit ovate; partition separating from the valves at maturity. — Species 30. Tropical and South Africa. (Diabedium. Koenig). on „1 hp dir tes, woes Glee) eo Chipberaas aaa 101. (80.) Corolla-tube much widened above, long, curved; lower lip rolled in. Stamens inserted at the throat of the corolla. Shrubs. Flowers in long terminal spikes or racemes, reddish-yellow. Bracts and bracte- oles very small. — Species I. Island of Socotra. (Ancalanthus Balf. N es on oe . . . Angkalanthus Balf. fil. Corolla-tube ol or Melty en above. Stamens inserted in the corolla-tube. Bracts not very small. . . . . -LOgs 102. Corolla-tube rather short, about equalling the an ver esta 2. Inflorescence spike-like. Bracts large. Bracteoles small or wanting. 103 Corolla-tube long. Fruit contracted into alongstalk.. . . . .1og 103. Flowers solitary in the axil of each bract. Bracteoles linear. Fruit subglobose, contracted into a short stalk. — Species 5. Central Africa. (Under Ecbolium Kurz). . . . . . Sehwabea Endl. Flowers 2—3 in the axil of each eh Brechetes bristle-like or wanting. . Shrubs. — Species 3. Central Africa. (Under Dicliptera Juss.) Megalochlamys Lindau 104. Bracts broad. Bracteoleslong. Fruit flat. Seeds 2. Shrubs. Flowers in spikes. — Species 15. Tropical and South Africa. Some are used 216. ACANTHACEAE — 217. MYOPORACEAE — 218. PLANTAGINACEAE 515 medicinally, 14 nj vl) age an gr eo Rehelam Kurz Bracts narrow. Seeds 4. . Carper. N a NDR ID. TOR 105. Flowers in one-sided spikes. Bracts small. Shrubs. — Species 1. Naturalized in the Canary Islands. . . . Anisacanthus Nees Flowers in panicles. Bracts long. Herbs. — Species 1. Equatorial Pree anIGg se FOS SYS) SB IDEE NE. * Sehauéfia Nees. SUBORDER MYOPORINEAE FAMILY 217. MYOPORACEAE Shrubs. Leaves alternate, at least the upper ones, undivided, without stipules. Flowers solitary or in pairs in the leaf-axils, without bracteoles, regular or nearly so, hermaphrodite. Sepals 5, united at the base, imbricate or open in the bud. Petals 5, united below, white, imbricate in the bud. Stamens 4, inserted on the corolla tube, in two pairs of slightly unequal length. Anthers 2-celled, the cells confluent at the top, opening inwards by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, 2—4-celled. Ovules I—6 in each cell, pendulous from the apex of the partition, inverted, with a thick funicle. Style simple ; stigma entire or 2—4-lobed. Fruit adrupe. Seeds albuminous ; radicle of the embryo superior. — Genera 3, species 4. Southern and tropical Africa. I. Corolla salver-shaped. Ovary 2-celled. Ovules in each cell 4—6, in pairs placed one above the other. Stigma oblong, oblique. Fruit with a 1—2-celled stone. — Species 2. South Africa. . Oftia Adans. Corolla bell-shaped. Ovules in each ovary-cell solitary or two side by side. NOT Me GOMER TN) Hee DES eh SO Ge ST EGS © AS IGE 2 Pir EE Ne _ 2. Calyx-segments linear. Corolla slightly irregular. Ovary 2-celled. Stigma capitate. Fruit with 4 stones. — Species I. West Africa. Zombiana Baill. Calyx-segments lanceolate. Corolla regular. Fruit with a 2—4-celled stone. — Species I. Mascarene Islands. . . Myoporum Banks & Sol. ORDER PLANTAGINALES FAMILY 218. PLANTAGINACEAE Herbs, undershrubs, or shrubs; in the latter case leaves opposite. Leaves sessile, entire toothed lobed or pinnately cleft, without stipules. Flowers solitary or in spikes or heads, with broad bracts, without bracteoles, small, regular, 4-merous. Calyx of united sepals. Corolla scarious, of united petals, with imbricate aestivation, sometimes 2-toothed. Stamens 4, inserted on the tube of the corolla and alternating with its lobes. Filaments long, bent in- wards in the bud. Anthers large, versatile, opening by two longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, 2—4-celled, sometimes one cell only fertile. Ovules axile, half-inverted. Style simple; stigma entire, filiform. Fruit dry, opening by a lid or remaining closed. Seeds with a fleshy albumen ; embryo straight or nearly so. — Genera 2, species 40. (Plate 143:) 516 218. PLANTAGINACEAE — 219. RUBIACEAE Flowers monoecious, the male solitary, the female at their base, solitary or several together ; the latter with a bag-shaped, 2—4-toothed corolla. Ovule 1. Fruit indehiscent, I-seeded. — Species I. Azores. Litorella L. Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous, in 2- or more-flowered spikes or heads, all with a 4-lobed corolla. Ovules 2or more. Fruit dehiscent, 2- or more-seeded. — Species 40. Some of them yield food for cattle and birds, vegetables, medicaments, soda, and a mucilage. “ Plantain.” PRNate TAS.) . era ea a Ses the nl De ORDER RUBIALES FAMILY 219. RUBIACEAE Leaves opposite or whorled, entire, provided with sometimes leaf-like sti- pules. Flowers regular or nearly so, but sometimes with a curved corolla- tube. Petals united below. Stamens as many as the corolla-lobes, inserted on the corolla, free. Anthers opening by two longitudinal slits, rarely (Argos- tema) by I—2 apical pores. Ovary inferior, rarely (Gaertnera) superior, usually 2- or more-celled. Ovules inverted. Style 1, or several styles united at the base. — Genera I50, species 1900. (Plate 144.) I. Ovules solitary in each ovary-cell. [Subfamily COFFEOIDEAE.] . . 2 Ovules two or more in each ovary-cell. [Subfamily CINCHONOIDEAE.] 81 2. Ovules pendulous or descending ; pretties superior. Radicle of the embryo superior. . . See ea Se N ee Ovules ascending ; ne hartes RS of the embryo inferior. 30 3. Corolla with imbricate, sometimes contorted aestivation. Shrubs or were, ee Corolla with Salate ake tan ala Ti 4. Corolla with contorted aestivation. a 2- Re Sun with copious albumen. Flowers in fascicles or panicles, rarely solitary. [Tribe ALBERTEAR "7. "; ee Corolla with imbricate, not REN, BOAR. ote’ te ee a rr 5. Corolla curved, tubular, hairy within. Calyx 5- Bartité I—4 of the segments much enlarged after flowering. Anthers hairy. Style much exserted. Flowers in terminal panicles. . . . 76a Corolla straight. Calyx- gi not enlarged, a all enlarged after Howerine, . 5 : rt, 6. Calyx with ı enlarged SE Corolla han at “the Bae A at the throat. Stamens inserted at the throat of the corolla. Anthers bearded at the base. Style-apex 2-cleft. — Species 1. Madagascar. Nematostylis Hook. fil. Calyx with 2—4 enlarged segments. Stamens inserted in the corolla- tube. Style-apex entire. — Species 5. Madagascar and Natal. (Ern- estimeyera O. Ktze.) ‘oo: 18» ar wise, + 4s) Alberta Ea cMeg: PLANTAGINACEAE, BELOW. PL.AFR. Pi. 14: Qo J. Fleischmann del. Plantago palmata Hook. fil. A Plant in flower. B Flower with a bracteole (without the anthers). C Flower cut lengthwise. D Cross-section of ovary. RUBIACEAE. FLOW. PL, AFR. J. Fleischmann del. Pavetta lasiorrhachis K. Schum. A Flowering branch. B Flower cut lengthwise (two corolla-lobes cut off). C Anther. D Cross-section of ovary. E Group of fruits. F Fruit. IO. EI. 12. 22; 14. 15. 16. 219. RUBIACEAE 517 . Flowers solitary or in pairs. Calyx-segments enlarged in the fruit. Corolla glabrous at the throat. Anthers included. Style long, glabrous, two-cleft at the apex. — Species 6. Central Africa. Psilanthus Hook. fil, Flowers in fascicles or aie Calyx-segments not enlarged in the aaa WII Pie eee dir frolon'’s, 8 . Flowers in terminal Ahaiih Corolla hairy at the throat. Anthers erSertee > Style downy above, Shrubs. igor gi Qiu. nel... g Flowers in axillary fascicles or panicles. . . . xia IO . Calyx shortly lobed. Corolla white, fap chanel, RA cleft. Style- apex 2-cleft. — Species r. East Africa. . Lamprothamnus Hiern Calyx deeply divided. Corolla yellow, salver-shaped, 4-cleft. Style-apex entire. — Species I. Equatorial West Africa (Cameroons). Exechostylus K. Schum. EV u, EEE en TER: SEE ealabransınv:) skiing a Be somo brstel. ni. zweit 12 Calyx 4-toothed or truncate. Style-apex 2-cleft. Albumen of the seeds ruminated. Bracteoles 4, one pair united into a cup. — Species 10, Fropaesiici Lorre . . . Polysphaeria Hook. fil. Calyx 5-toothed or 5- Sa, äntkeis Sisertodh: Style-apex entire. Albu- men of the seeds uniform. Bracteoles free. — Species 13. Tropics. Cremaspora Benth. Style short, with 2 long stigmas. Sepals free above the ovary. Corolla salver-shaped, glabrous at the throat. Anthers included. Trees. Flowers subtended by 2—3 set of bracteoles. — Species 1. Island of Stsibomas:! +) ii : Belonophora Hook. fil. Style long, with 2 short suena or itt asinglestigma. . . . 13 Style-apex 2-lobed. Corolla sapere at the throat, but sometimes Hairy bellows verry is Bi ae Style-apex entire, pies shee IO- head, Flores 5. merous. Anthers more or less exserted. Rt en een Ne Flowers 4-merous. uk free above the ovary. Corolla salver-shaped. Anthers included. Flowers surrounded by 4 pairs of bracteoles. — Species I. West Africa (Togoland). . . . Kerstingia K. Schum. Flowers 5-merous. Sepals united above the ovary. Corolla funnel- shaped. Anthers exserted. — Species 4. West Africa. Aulacocalyx Hook. fil. Corolla bell-funnel-shaped, glabrous at the throat. Stipules very narrow. Species 2. East Africa... . . . . Heinsenia K. Schum. Corolla bell-wheel-shaped, hairy at We throat. Stipules broad. — Species 3. East and South-east Africa. . . . Rhabdostigma Hook. fil. (4.) Flowers in heads. Calyx 4-toothed. Ovary 2-celled. Fruit separat- ing into two leathery nutlets. Seeds with a thick aril and copious albumen. — Species 3. West Africa, Madagascar, Natal. Cephalanthus L. 518 17. 18. 19. 20. 2I. 22. 23. 219. RUBIACEAE Flowers in forked cymes. Ovules with a thickened funicle. Fruit a drupe. Seeds with scanty albumen or without albumen. Sg GUETTARDEAE. .!. - 17 Calyx deciduous. Corolla save en isicfnd. Oral 4—9- celled. Fruit globose; cells of the stone curved. — Species 1. East Africa, Madagascar and neighbouring islands. Used as an ornamental plant and.ıin medicine, „lol Sera gawol- Guettarda Blume Calyx persistent. Corolla funnel-shaped. Anthers somewhat exserted. Ovary 2—8-celled. Fruit oblong. — Species 5. Madagascar and neighbouring islands. They yield timber and medicaments. (Under Guettarda Blume) STAGED . . . . Antirrhoea Comm. (3.) Flowers in terminal or Beriind we? lateral heads. Ovary I—2-celled. Fruit dry, of 1—2 nutlets. Herbs. Stipules united. Baath KNOX- ~TRATOMG Vinge. « A oly ye tame Flowers in. lateral cymes, a or tn. Alan 2—many-celled. Fruit fleshy, drupe-like. Shrubs or trees, rarely (Pachystigma) herbs, but then ovaryi3-<-5-célledi:: rg 2. coloslomd + ein en Ovary I-celled. Sepals 1—2. Corolla bluish, funnel-shaped, 5-lobed. Anthers included. Leaves whorled. Flowers connate in pairs, without bracteoles. Stipules undivided. — Species 1. Southern West Africa (Angola)? 2) ..%. . «.. Calanda K. Sciam Ovary 2-celled. Leaves RR ER "Stipules lacerated or bristle-like. 20 Calyx with awl-shaped, not enlarged segments. Corolla violet, salver- shaped, with 4 lobes bearded at the apex. Anthers exserted. Disc tubular. Stigma 2-lobed. Mericarps dehiscing lengthwise. — Species I. Equatorial. West Africa (Cameroons). Paragophyton K. Schum. Calyx with some of the segments enlarged and leaf-like. Corolla with long hairs at the throat. Mericarps dehiscing transversely or indehiscent. 21 Mericarps separating from a central column, dehiscing transversely. Calyx-segments 4,-one of them enlarged. Corolla-lobes 4. Anthers included. Stigma 2-lobed. Heads in panicles. — Species I. West Africa (Togo)... . . . . . Baumannia K. Schum. Mericarp: without a central ae on, — Species I5. Tropical and South Africa. (Including Holocarpa Bak.) . Pentanisia Harv. Ovary-cells and fruit-stones 20—30. . Flowers RR 4-merous. Corolla white or yellowish, glabrous within. Anthers included or nearly so. Seeds with scanty albumen. Shrubs. — Species I... Madagascar and Seychelles... . . . . =~. Timonius Rumph. Ovary-cells 2—10. Fruit-stones I—Io. Seeds with copious albumen. (Tribe VANGUERIEAE.] . 2. 23 Stem herbaceous. Leaves whorled. Ovenyle: 3—5- nad: Stigma lobed. — Species 20. Central and South-east Africa. (Fadogia Schweinf.) Pachystigma Hochst. Steritwoddy. Leaves opposite; + nu H.R +) Re 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 219. RUBIACEAE 519 Inflorescences fascicle-like or reduced to a single flower, surrounded by an ‘involucre of two bracts united at the base. Calyx truncate or shortly Earned Corolla hairy at the throat..." <3". « Mapa ae 25 Inflorescences without an involucre. . . . . sh ay cere Style deeply 4—5-cleft. Flowers in 6—12-flowered eae 8 or heads. Trees. — Species 1. Island of Rodrigues. . Seyphochlamys Balf. fil. Style simple, with a capitate stigma. — Species 10. Mascarene Islands and Madagascar. They yield timber. . . .. « Pyrostria Comm. Corolla curved, tubular. Calyx-segments 5, narrow. Anthers- sessile. Ovary 5-celled. Stigma ge — Species 6. Central Africa to WeesOdt Bayes. Ihe. » . . . Aneylanthus Desf. Corolla straight. Stigma event or 2- cher 32 dy Ui Cty. 427 Ovary 2-celled. Flowers small. et truncate or ehr Bee + 28 Ovary 3—6-celled. . .. . .) .28 Stigma peltate, 2-toothed or 2- cleft. Corolla wihite, hi at "the throat. Shrubs. Leaves stiff-leathery. Stipules united at the base. Flowers in clusters. — Species Io. Central Africa and Seychelles. Some species yield dye-stuffs. . . . . . . . Craterispermum Benth. Stigma capitate, entire. — Species 120. Tropical and South Africa. Some of them have edible fruits and are used in medicine. (Canthium ar OS CS RO eee eee te «ee OER Flowers large, in many-flowered panicles, polygamous. Calyx deeply divided, exceeding the corolla. Anthers exserted. Ovules with a broadened funicle. Stigma hemispherical or mushroom-shaped. — Species 10. Central Africa to Delagoa Bay. . . . Cuviera DC. Flowers small. Stigma capitate, cylindrical, or truncate. — Species 70. Tropical and South Africa. Some have edible fruits or are used in PHOGICIIC OA stag m '< Magee Nae ie ne re oe Vansuesia, ass (2.) Ovules inserted on the partitions of the ovary, but sometimes near PNET DASE. tens : ; \ a ash walt! «uae Ovules inserted at the ae of the ovary- saallay sca with. valvate aestivation. Stipules unlike the leaves; 1... 11413. ‚wmsnasibuun . 54 Corolla with contorted aestivation. Fruit succulent. Shrubs or trees. Stipules small. Flowers solitary or in cymes. [Tribe IXOREAE.] 32 Corolla with valvate aestivation..-+2.1g/0.. Stoo paige. 38 Ovules attached to placentas arising near the base of the partition of the ovary. Ovary 2-celled. Stigma spindle-shaped. Corolla glabrous - at the throat. Flowers 5-merous, in head-like cymes. Seeds with ruminated albumen. Climbing shrubs. — Species 20. Tropics. Rutidea DC. Ovules attached to placentas arising near the middle of the partition. 33 33. Corolla with a ‘curved tube, 5—7-lobed. Calyx-teeth indistinct. Anthers * included. Ovary 2-celled. Style with two unequal stigmas. Flowers 520 34. 35- 36. 37- 38.7 39. 40. 219. RUBIACEAE terminal, solitary or in groups of 3, surrounded by an involucre. Trees. ——. Species ZT. Madagascar, .. «i 04, 2.000.04s Pleurocoffea Baill. Corolla withimatraient tube... ait ori 02 wein: nicely «shel Flowers with an epicalyx. Style 2—6-cleft. . . . 2.35 Flowers without an epicalyx, an Se 2- cleft or pee Ovarpesel . tie Er RE Flowers in terminal corymbs, 4-merous. nie et 2-partite. Corolla glabrous at the throat. Fruit globose. — Species 5. Mascarene Islands. They yield timber, and are used in medicine. Myonima Comm. Flowers in axillary fascicles, 5—8-merous, hermaphrodite. Ovary 2- celled. — Species 50. Tropics; one species also cultivated in Madeira. Several species (especially C. arabica L. and C. liberica L.) yield coffee, oil, medicaments, a substitute for tea, and timber ; some are used as ornamental plants. (Including Solenixora Baill.) . . . Coffea L. Calyx entire. Corolla-tube short, glabrous at the mouth. Stamens 5. Style-branches 2, linear, ending in a cone. Shrubs. Stipules united. Flowers in axillary, few-flowered cymes. — Species 1. Madagascar. (Buseria Dur) . . = esac Leiochilus Hook. fil. Calyx toothed. Corolla- tube fone? Staten 4, rately 5. Flowers in usually terminal and many-flowered cymose corymbs. . . . . 37 Bracts at the base of the lowest branches of the inflorescence connate into a sheath. Style-apex entire or shortly 2-toothed. — Species 120. Tropical and South Africa. Some have edible fruits or serve as orna- mental or medicinal plants. (Plater44.) . . . . . . Pavetta L. Bracts at the base of the branches of the inflorescence not connate into a sheath. Style-apex 2-cleft. Leaves leathery. Stipules not united. — Species 60. Tropics. Some are used as ornamental plants or in medicine. , BE (31.) Stem woody. Shpuiks ai? andre a into a sheath. Flowers in heads, connate by their ovaries. Calyx truncate or with small teeth. Ovary 4-celled. Ovules inserted in the inner angle near the base. Style 2-cleft. Fruit formed of connate drupes. — Species 6. Tropics. They yield timber, dyes, mucilage, condiments, and medicaments. [Tribe MORINDEAE.] . . . . . Morinda L. Stem herbaceous or woody at the base, rarely (Gaillonia) throughout, but then flowers solitary or in cymes or spikes. Stipules more or less lacerated or leaf-like. Ovary 2—3-celled. . . . - 39 Stipules similar to the leaves; hence leaves EEE ey Style 2-cleft or 2-parted, with head- or club-shaped stigmas. Fruit indehis- cent ; seed adnate tothe pericarp. [Tribe GALIEAE.| . . . . 40 Stipules unlike the leaves, toothed slashed or crowned by bristles, united at the base. Ovules inserted near the middle of the partitions of the ovary... JAribe,SPERMACOCEAE ]..: sctancislty 6+ bo diotots | adtiive) ae Corolla funnel-shaped. . . . Be: Corolla wheel- or bell-shaped. er Tait ect, or eine oes ae 41. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 219. RUBIACEAE 521 ' Calyx-limb distinctly developed, 4—6-cleft. Corolla pink orlilac. Stamens 4. Flowers in heads. Stem er — Species I. North Africa. Yields a dye-stuff. . . . » . . Sherardia Dill. Calyx-limb indistinct or wanting, ac of ‘ tree minuteteeth.. . . 42 . Flowers in spikes. Corolla-lobes with an inflexed appendage. Stamens 4—5. Ovules attached at the base of the partition of the ovary. — Species 7. North Africa. Used medicinally. . . Crucianella L. Flowers in sometimes head-like cymes. Stamens 4. Ovules attached near the middle of the partition. — Species 5. North-west Africa. They (especially A. odorata L., woodruff) yield dyes, vermin-poison, condiments, and medicaments, or serve as ornamental plants. Asperula L. Flowers subtended by a large involucral bract, in few-flowered, axillary cymes. Stamens 3—4. Ovary with a fertile and a sterile cell. — Species: 2e North Africa. 5: Po 2 Roop ee ay on CA Stev. Flowers without an involucral bract. . . . Jaa GCG Sh AN ee Pedicels connate in threes, thick, spinous, En: the fruit. Flowers axillary, polygamous-monoecious. Corolla 3-lobed in the male flowers, 4-lobed in the female and hermaphrodite. Fruit dry, one-seeded. — Species 2. North Africa and northern East Africa. Vaillantia L. Pedicels not connate and either not spinous or not enclosing the fruit. . 45 Fruit fleshy. Stamens 5, rarely 4. — Species 10. Some of them yield dyes and medicaments. ‘‘ Madder.” . . „22. ee I. Fruit dry. Stamens 4, rarely 3. — Species 6b. Söhne of them yield dyes, condiments, or medicaments. (Including Aspera Moench) Galium Tourn. (39.) Ovary 3-celled. Style 3-cleft. Fruit separating into 3 nutlets. Calyx-limb 5—6-partite. Corolla-lobes 4—5. Flowers in terminal heads. — Species 1. Naturalized in East and South Africa. Used in medicine. (Richardia Bartl.) . . . . . . . Riehardsonia L. Mere CONC, nen ce be eet eR RMP OE, Fruit indehiscent, not separating into mericarps. Flowers solitary or three together in the axilsoftheleaves.. . . . 2 . . . « 48 Fruit dehiscent or separating into mericarps. . . . 49 Pericarp corky. Flowers rather large. Calyx-lobes 4. Corolla eae funnel-shaped, 4-lobed, hairy at the throat. — Species 2. South Africa and Madagascar. They yield dye-stuffs. . . . Hydrophylax L. f. Pericarp bony. Flowers small. Calyx-lobes 7—8. Corolla salver-shaped, 5-lobed. Style 2-cleft. — Species 1. Madagascar. Gomphocalyx Bak. Fruit separating into indehiscent mericarps. . . .- . 20 « «+ + 50 Fruit dehiscent. Inflorescences head-like. . . . vides parte. eine Pericarp very thin, adnate to the seed. Low rohe Leaves linear or subulate, stiff. Flowers solitary or in cymes or spikes. — Species 6. North Africa and northern Central Africa. . . Gaillonia A. Rich. 322 5I. 52 53. 54. 55. 56. 57: 58. eu 219. RUBIACEAE Pericarp thick or rather thick, not adnate to the seed. Herbs or under- shrubs. — Species 12. ‘Tropical and South Africa. Diodia Gronov. Fruit opening by a lid. -Calyx-lobes 4. — a 2. Central and South Africa. Used medicinally. . . » . . . Mitracarpus Zuce. Fruit opening lengthwise. . . .- 52 Fruit splitting upwards from the sated remaining painted at the apex. Calva lobes 4. Corolla long funnel-shaped. Stamens inserted on the limb of the corolla. Style-apex capitate, shortly 2-lobed. — Species 2. East Africa. (Under Spermacoce Dill.) . . . Hypodematium A. Rich. Fruit splitting downwards from the apex, remaining entire at the base. 53 Fruit with only one valve opening, the other remaining attached to the partition. Calyx-lobes 4. Corolla shortly funnel-shaped. Stamens inserted at the base of the corolla-tube. — Species 1. Comoro Islands. (Spermacoceoides O. Ktze.) . . . . « » Spermacoee Dill. Fruit with both valves opening and acorn at the apex: — Species 45. Tropical and South-east Africa. Some are used medicinally. (Tardavel Adans., including Octodon Thonn., under Spermacoce Dill.) Borreria G. W. Mey. (30.) Stamens inserted at the base or on the lower part of the corolla-tube ; filaments long; anthers versatile. Flowers usually unisexual. Seeds with fleshy albumen. Leaves having a bad smell when rubbed. [Tribe ANTHOSPERMEAE.].. . . age one Stamens inserted at the mouth or on he eter Hert of the corolla-tube. Flowers usually hermaphrodite. . . Ä u RE Style and stigma entire. Flowers solitary, eg SA polygamous. Fruit a nut or separating into two nutlets. — Species 3. South Africa. Carpacoce Sond. Style 2-cleft or 2-parted.. . . . © Style shortly 2-cleft. Flowers ae A TEEN Corolla-lobes 3-lobed. Anthers included. Fruit a drupe. Shrubs. — Species I. _ Naturalized in the Mascarene Islands. A medicinal and ornamental Dani . % "un. +, +* . ‚SOFlSSa urn: Style deeply 2- eng ins A an ke Sr; Ovary änd fruit with empty cavities een the two wee Bit hence apparently 3—5-celled. Fruit separating into nutlets. Flowers axillary, dioecious. — Species 6. South Africa. (Ambraria Cruse). Nenax Gaertn. Ovary and fruit 2-celled without conspicuous empty cavities. . . . 58 Stem herbaceous, prostrate. Flowers axillary. Corolla-lobes erect. Fruit a drupe. — Species 2. Island of Tristan da Cunha. Used as orna- mental plants. a ann Nertera Banks & Sol. Stem woody, ‘at least at {be tise Fruit capsular or separating into mericarps. : : Se ee Flowers axillary, soley or in Ella rately in en panicles ; in this case undershrubs with entire stipules and dioecious, 4-merous flowers. — Species 35.° Southern and tropical Africa... . .- Anthospermum L. 61. 62. 63. ‘64. 65. 66. 67. 219. RUBIACEAE 523 Flowers in terminal or terminal and lateral cymes or panicles. Under- shrubs with 3—6-parted stipules, or shrubs with undivided stipules and monoecious flowers. . . 60 . Calyx 4-toothed. . Fruit warty. Stipules 2 reihen Undeiaioe — Species2. South Africa. . . . . Galopina Thunb. Calyx 5-toothed in the male Aötwerke 2- conned in the female. Flowers polygamous-monoecious. Fruit smooth. Stipules entire. Shrubs. — Species I. Madeira amd Canary Islands. «> ouisibouz it BRbyllis. L. (54.) Style deeply. 2-parted. Fruit a capsule or a schizocarp. Leaves formemmentiibbed (1s) 3-75) vilosen ai va yiiilee wiellixseraroD 62 Style cleft, toothed, or entire. Fruit a a rarely a berry or a schizo- warped nis ner 64 Stem climbing, aod: Süpnis eiitirp, rigs in plemnitial and lateral cymes. Anthers included. Style-branches twisted. Fruit with a . fragile rind. — Species 10.; Tropics. Some are used medicinally. (Including Lecontea A. Rich. and Siphomeris Boj.) [Tribe PAED- MPs Adela Dalry Wit erh .doowl) edi. de /eRaeileria“ 1, Stem erect or prostrate. Stipules toothed or slit, connate. Flowers in terminal fascicles or spikes, rarely axillary, 5-merous. Anthers exserted. . Fruit separating into two nutlets. . . . Jot. 63 Flowers polygamous. Calyx-lobes nearly al: Conall lobes recurved. Ovary and style hairy. Shrubs. Stipules toothed. Flowers in terminal, head-like fascicles. — a I. South Africa. (Under Anthospermum L) . - - 5 ser‘ »Gideyllis.E, Mey: Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx- tech very unequal, some of them leaf- like. Corolla-lobes spreading. Ovary and style glabrous. Stipules slit. Flowers axillary or in terminal spikes or heads. — Species 9. Tropical and South Africa. nude „arte Oilophora»Zuce: Fruit dry, separating into two mericarps. . .. 22220 00.)..65 Fruit succulent, berry- or drupe-like. . . . Hie t6.. £66 Filaments rather long. Mericarps without a Er. F lowers solitary. — Species ı. Seychelles. . . 2. Neoschimpera Hemsl. Filaments none. Mericarps Een from a cleft carpophore. Flowers in cymes. — Species 1. Comoro Islands. . . Cremocarpus Boiv. Seeds with fleshy albumen. Flowers hermaphrodite. Corolla funnel- . shaped. Ovary 2—3-celled.. Style 2—3-toothed. Shrubs, having a ‚ bad smell when rubbed. Flowers in terminal or terminal and lateral cymes! 1!) . Dior Sayer Rei ail 92 . Seeds with horny pinfrtent "Plants without a strong smell, rarely exhaling a bad smell when rubbed ; in this case inflorescences axillary and style 4—12-cleft. [Tribe PSYCHOTRIEAE.] 2. 0s ws a) 68 Flowers in terminal fascicles, 4-merous. Corolla with a long tube and ‘spreading lobes, glabrous at the throat. Anthers distinctly exserted. Style-apex thread-shaped, 2-cleft. Fruit a drupe. — Species 3. North- west Africa. Used medicinally. - . . . . «. . Putoria Pers. 524. 219. RUBIACEAE Flowers in terminal and lateral cymes, 5—7-merous. Corolla with a rather short tube and erect lobes, hairy at the throat. Anthers scarcely exserted. Style-apex thickened, 2—3-lobed. Fruit a berry. Leaves linear. — Species 1. Canary Islands. . . . . . Plocama Ait. 68. Ovary superior. Style 2-cleft at the apex. Stamens 5, inserted on the corolla-tube. Anthers included. Shrubs or trees. Flowers in terminal panicles or heads. — Species 25. Tropics. Some yield timber or are used in medicine. oo Bhosteh vise bes toiehc hh). Gast Ovary interior. i 69. Flowers axillary, soliteash or in BERN See Re basis or a Shrubs. or small trees. . . . 70 Flowers in terminal or lenin me aa many- sfictdered RR hermaphrodite. . . ~ oa „5 eek ae 70. Ovary-cells and style- epee or ER ZabGion wie din Ans EEE Ovary-cells and style-branches or stigmas 4—I2. . . . ae 2S 71. Anthers exserted. Calyx 5-partite. Corolla hairy within ah the base, glabrous at the throat. Seeds with ruminated albumen. Flowers in heads surrounded by an involucre. — Species I. Equatorial West Africa (Gaboon) . . „20.2 Peripeplus Pierre Anthers included. Calyx 4- pera or {fein entire. Flowers solitary or inglomerules. . . . . J2 72. Calyx with 4 segments TE wiki hi teethi Covell funnel- shaped. Anthers with a short cap caer at the apex. Flowers solitary, — Species 2. Madagascar. . . . .„ Hymenoenemis Hook.fil. Calyx nearly entire. Corolla ivell Stace eee unappendaged. Fruit with a single stone. Flowers in clusters. — Species 3. Madagascar. Saldinia A. Rich. 73. Leaves at first decussate, subsequently spreading in one plane, with many thin transverse veins. Stamens inserted at the throat or on the limb: of the corolla. — Species 15. Tropics. . . . . Lasianthus Jack. Leaves always decussate, without conspicuous tranverse veins. Stamens. inserted in the tube of the corolla. Flowers hermaphrodite. — Species. 7. Madagascar and neighbouring islands. Used medicinally. Psathura Comm. 74. Inflorescences capitate, surrounded by an involucre. Ovary-cells and | style-branches 2—4. . . lei Star‘) . |, acer Inflorescences without an kiuniiohe do; Be; - 75. Corolla with a curved tube, 6-lobed, ey Chios. ee lobed. Ovary-cells and style-branches 3. Shrubs. — Species I. East Africa. Megalopus K. Schum. Corolla witha straight tube.. . . . 76 76. Seeds grooved on the ventral face. — Grom 18. Gane Kaah (Under Oragordilayy ® 4a) .. . . Cephaélis Swartz Seeds flat on the ventral es eee ei Leaves long-stalked, heart- or kidney-shaped. — Species 13. Tropics.. . . Geophila Don. 78. 79: 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 219. RUBIACEAE 5125 ° . Corolla-tube curved. Anthers included. Ovary-cells and style-branches 2. Seeds convex-concave. Shrubs or trees. — Species 20. Tropics. (inderiPsychottia L.) wail... foe et» > ee Casalia) Blume Bericht. . -» - eww eo Nwibem re Fruit with a 5—7-celled stone. Ovary-cells and style-branches 5—7. Corolla salver-shaped, hairy at the throat. Anthers half-exserted. Shrubs or trees. Stipules 3-pointed. Flowers in corymbs. — Species 2. East Africa and Madagascar. . . . . Triainolepis Hook. fil. Fruit with 2—5 stones. Ovary-cells and style-branches or stigma-lobes N na A Pr at 0 4.198 Seeds flat on the ventral face. Calyx elongate. le Ba -shaped, hairy at the throat. Anthers included. Herbs. Inflorescences capit- ate. — Species I2. Central Africa. . Triehostachys Benth. & Hook. De eroavedon\the ventral faceirarıa. 4: \Comtethek teens Siena Seeds with a ruminate albumen. Corolla salver-shaped, hairy at the throat. Anthers half-exserted. Shrubs. — Species 50. Tropical and South Africa. (Under Psychotria L).. . . . . Grumilea Gaertn. Seeds with a uniform albumen. — Species 200. Tropical and South Africa. (Myrstiphyllum P. Br., including Uragoga L. partly).. . Psychotria L. (r.) Corolla with imbricate, sometimes contorted aestivation. Shrubs or Ve nu 0 EEE TER TRETEN IE REN: - Corolla with valvate ehe Ta ; ee Corolla with imbricate, not a ee A are 2-celled. Style simple. Inflorescences head-like. [Tribe NAUCLEEAE.] . 83 Corolla with contorted aestivation.. . . EEE TG Ovaries ofeach head connate. Fruits fleshy, nee a . 84 Ovaries separate. Fruits dry, separate, opening by two valves or ee up into two mericarps. . . EB: Inflorescences surrounded by es wv Er defied ee bracts. — Species 10. Madagascar and Mascarene Islands. Breonia A. Rich. Inflorescences without involucral bracts. — Species 3. Tropics. They yield timber, edible fruits > oie ree arrow-poison, and medica- ments. Era: . . Sareocephalus Afzel. Ovules 2—3 in En: Sea oa‘ Calyx 43 -toothed. Fruit separating into two nutlets. (See 16.) . . . Cephalanthus L. Ovules 6 or more in each ovary-cell. ca x 5- sabes or 5-parted. . . 86 Ovules 6—8 in each ovary-cell. Flowers bracteolate, in glomerules col- lected in heads. Stem erect. — Species 1. Madagascar. Paracephaélis Baill. Ovules numerous in each ovary-cell. Flowers ebracteolate, in heads. . 87 Fruit separating into two 2-valved mericarps. — Species 2. Madagascar. They yield timber, dye-stuffs, edible fruits, and medicaments. Nauclea L. Fruit opening by two valves. Stem climbing by hooks. — Species 2. Tropics. (Ourouparia Aubl.) . » . . =. « . Unearia Schreb. 526 219. RUBIACEAE 88. (82.) Fruit opening by 4 valves, leathery. Corolla salver-shaped ; tube 89. gI. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97: glabrous within. Style much exserted, 2-lobed at the top. Flowers in panicles. — Species 2. Central Africa. They yield timber and are used in medicine. . . . . . Crossopteryx Fenzl Fruit bursting irregularly or ai ee usually berry-like. [Tribe GARDENTPAE.) . ins. hs Sera ai. el ee Ovary : I-celled, sometimes incompletely 2- or more-celled. Anthers inefuded or slightly exserted. » {70°92 Dur UN a Ovary completely 2—5-celled. . . . N 2 ie . Ovary I-celled throughout its whole = but the er sometimes much projecting and approximate in the centre. Style simple and entire or two-toothed at the apex. Flowers 5—II-merous. . . . gI Ovary 2-celled in its lower or upper half. Style 2-cleft. Flowers 4—5- merous, ‘axillary. faye oes X ; Oe ee Stipules glume-like, imbricate. Stem climbing. oe in terminal cymes. Calyx 5-parted, with awl-shaped segments. Corolla salver- shaped, glabrous within. Style very long. Stigma 2-lobed. Fruit globose. — Species 3. Central Africa. Used as ornamental plants. Maerosphyra Hook. fil. Stipules not glume-like. — Species 45. Tropical and South Africa. Some species yield timber, dyes, edible fruits, or medicaments, or serve as ornamental plants. (Including Genipa L. partly.) . . Gardenia Ellis Calyx 4-parted, with an epicalyx. Corolla salver-shaped. Stamens inserted in the corolla-tube. Seed-coat leathery. Flowers solitary or in pairs. — Species 4. Mascarene Islands. . . Fernelia Comm. Calyx 5-toothed, without an epicalyx. Corolla funnel-shaped. Stamens inserted at the throat of the corolla. Seed-coat fibrous. Flowers in panicles. — Species 5. West Africa. . . . . Pouchetia A. Rich. (89,) Ovary e—3-celled. sn Sg pa ee en ge ® he Ovarya Stelle. 0.0 es te! fap gel am fac 13 70 Ovules 2—3 iu each Ovary-Cel ne a ge Ovules 4 or more in each ovary-cell. . . se es res Ovules attached to thick, fleshy placentas, and more or less sunkinthem. 96 Ovules attached to thin placentas, not sunkinthem.. . . . . . 99 Style entire or shortly toothed at the apex, far exserted. Flowers in terminal corymbs. — Species 40. Tropical and South Africa. (Chomelia L., Webera Schreb., including Coptosperma Hook. fil.) Tarenna Gaertn. Style more or less deeply cleft. Anthers exserted. . . . ann OF Flowers in terminal and lateral panicles. Corolla salver- ions Piagetian ascending from the base of the ovary-cells. — Species 1. Madagascar. Yields an essential oil used in perfumery and medicine. Santalina Baill. Flowers axillary, solitary or clustered. Corolla funnel-shaped.. . . 98 . Flowers solitary or 2—3 together, without an epicalyx. Calyx deeply lobed. — Species 3. East and South Africa. . Empogona Hook. fil. ‘ 99. 100. IOI. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. Io8. 219. RUBIACEAE 527 Flowers fascicled, with an epicalyx of 2—6 bracteoles united at'the base. — Species 60. Tropical and South Africa. (Including Bunburya Meissn., _ Diplocrater Benth. & Hook., Diplospora DC., and Kraussia Harv.) ’ Triealysia A. Rich. Style entire or shortly toothed at the apex. Corolla funnel-shaped. . 100 Style cleft at the apex or further. _Anthers exserted. Inflorescences lateral... 6... «, se) ete ae 3: Da “aoe Flowers in terminal a, Anthers included. Seeds solitary. — Species I. East Africa... . . . . . Enterospermum Hiern Flowers in axillary fascicles. A exserted. — Species I. East ICH, welirecs) 6 ; any? on Yves the ‚ultzuar .aoeggeon: Hiern Flowers solitary or Be on Eat, shoots, appearing before the leaves. Calyx-teeth awl-shaped. Corolla funnel-shaped. Seeds without an ‚aril; albumen .uniform. — Species 3. Central. Africa. Feretia Del. Flowers in cymes, appearing with the leaves. Calyx-teeth minute. Corolla wheel-shaped. Seeds with an aril; albumen ruminate. — Species I. Basti; Africa: „4. sEbaM.- Galiniera Del. . (94.) Style entire or sharity lobed or ha at. Hea pee u, ds ee. Og Style more or less deeply cleft. at aut SORE: NOES inet.) TES Calyx-segments large and De, with Ebähte, sometimes contorted aestivation. Corolla pret within. Anthers included. Flowers her- maphrodite. . . „ul AEE. EOF Calyx-segments small or narrow, Ber open est ahi in (voor, 205 Flowers solitary or in pairs in the leaf-axils. Corolla bell-shaped, hairy within the base, glabrous at the throat. — Species 5. Central Africa. (Sherbournia Don) . . . . . . Amaralia Welw. Flowers in terminal cymes. Corolld ie — Species 25. Central and South-east Africa. . - . . . . ~~ Leptaetinia Hook. fil. Eioweis amsBztal.,.ı 7060. m. -RURASHONOD Su. Defeat, 108 Beeeinsnaphradite: “=. oft (ri pay ee re nie, EG Flowers in terminal cymes. Calyx entire or minutely toothed. Stamens inserted at the throat of the corolla. Trees. — Species 1. Madagascar. Byrsophyllum Hook. fil. Flowers solitary or paired in the leaf-axils, or in axillary panicles. Calyx lobed or divided. Shrubs. . . . sarah, 107 Flowers in panicles. Calyx shortly ete stats Seeriea at the base of the corolla-tube; connective with a leaf-like appendage. Stem climbing. —Species2. West Africa. . . . .« Atractogyne Pierre Flowers solitary or in pairs. Calyx deeply divided. Stamens inserted at the throat of the corolla, without an appendage. Stem erect ; branches thickened and hollow at the nodes. — Species 1. Equatorial West Africa (Cameroons). . . . « « Epitaberna K. Schum. Inflorescences terminal or terminal he Jateraleincecady, "wol aha TOR Dale lateral u... el ARBEITE SERE 528 109. IIO. FFT. II2. IT3. II4. 115. 116. 117. II®. 219. RUBIACEAE Style much projecting beyond the corolla-tube. Flowers in cymose corymbs. (See 96.) . . . . Tarenna Gaertn. Style not or slightly projecting heysadd the were tube: | ei wie Corolla-tube as long as or slightly longer than the limb. Calvx-segments awl-shaped. Anthers included. Style hairy. Flowers in clusters, yellowish-red. — Species 1. South Africa. Yields timber. Burchellia R. Br. Corolla-tube considerably longer than the limb. — Species 85. Tropical and South Africa. Some species yield timber, poison, a substitute for soap, dyes, or medicaments, or serve as ornamental plants. (Including Genipa L. partly, Mitriostigma Hochst., and Stylocoryne Cav.) Randia Houst. Seed-coat membranous or leathery. (Seerro.) . . . Randia Houst. Seed-eeat febreus, Io) «fai -s. gic ne, my . Wr Corolla-tube slightly longer than the limb. Stamens inate in the tube, included. Fruit with a leathery rind. Flowers in fascicles. — Species 2. Madagascar. (Including Tamatavia Hook. fil.) Chapeliera A. Rich Corolla-tube considerably longer than the limb. Stamens inserted at the throat, exserted. Fruit a berry. Flowers in corymbs. — Species 35. Central and South Africa. Some have edible fruits or serve as orna- mental plants. se ; eos») „IRRE: (r02.) Inflorescences eviaes Guiles aie in each ovary-cell. . . II4 Inflorescences terminal or terminal and latenel Ovules numerous in each ovary-celli 52:2. sieht feardndada ‚send Sir RE Placentas thick. he a eine. Carola total Bis TRa SE Placantas thin. - + \Iausulorurtlaanliote) Sumalaıinmoha Sehumanniophytan Harms (81.) Fruit a berry or a nut with a leathery skin. Seeds numerous, small ; testa netted or dotted. [Tribe MUSSAENDEAE.] . . . 125 Fruit a capsule or a schizocarp, rarely (Oldenlandia) an achene or nut with a membranous or crustaceous skin. a 2-celled, rarely (Penta- carpaea) 5-celled. Flowerssmall. . . . a ee Corolla-tube short. Style entire or toothed at the apex. Shrubs or trees. Inflorescences without an involucre. . . Shan ea Kal rt Corolla-tube long. Style more or less deeply ae oy ae teeny RER Flowers in terminal clusters. Calyx 5-parted. Ovary 2-celled. Twining shrubs. —- Species 1. Southern West Africa (Angola). Justenia Hiern Flowers in axillary inflorescences. Calyx 4—7-toothed. . . . . 127 Corolla urn-shaped. Anthers slightly exserted. Ovary 2-celled. Flowers solitary or in pairs. — Species 2. West Africa. Pauridiantha Hook. fil. Corolla wheel- or funnel-shaped. Anthers included. Ovary 4—7-celled. Flowers in panicles or heads. — were 20. Tropics. Some species Velden te 4... . 2... Urophyllum Wall. Flowers in terminal panicles. ei 5-toothed or 5-lobed; one of the segments in several flowers of each inflorescence leaf-like enlarged and brightly coloured. Stamens inserted at the throat of the corolla. Ovary 2L 530 129. 130. 131. 132. 133. 134. 135. 136. 137. 219. RUBIACEAE 2-celled. Shrubs or undershrubs. — Species 30. Tropics. Some are used as ornamental, medicinal, or dye-plants. (Including Spallanzania DC.) Mussaenda L. Flowers in axillary inflorescences... : ee Inflorescences head-like and simi 7 a pares more or less bell- shaped involucre of united bracts. Stamens inserted in the corolla- Een. a Inflorescences with an ee ee of FR Ro or age an involucre. I3I Calyx deeply divided ; segments at first awl-shaped, subsequently some or all broadened and leaf-like. Ovary-cells and style-branches 5. Fruit globose. Erect herbs. — Species 1. Equatorial West Africa. Temnopteryx Hook. fil. Calyx cleft about halfway down ; segments ovate. Fruit ovate or oblong. Shrubs. — Species 4. Central Africa. . . . . . Stipularia Beauv. Stamens inserted in the middle of the corolla-tube. Calyx deeply divided ; segments enlarged, leaf-like. Ovary 5-celled. Decumbent herbs. — Species I. West Africa. . -. . . Pentaloncha Hook. fil. Stamens inserted at the mouth of the Surat tube or somewhat below it. Shruks. „Di; 132 Corolla funnel- ae Cale aeaphe idee: Der cup- N, Or cells and style-branches 2. Flowers in clusters springing from the base of the stem. Erect, glabrous plants. — Species 1. Equatorial West Africa (Cameroons). . . . . . . Eepoma K. Schum. Corolla tube- or salver-shaped. Hehe: erat twining plants. — Species 35. Tropics. Mths? ake . « . » Sabicea AubE (124.) Seeds winged, numerous. Het a ae Ta or shrubs. Stipules entireor.tootheds. 1.7. sas suf sh Hatte u Seeds wingless. Herbs, undershrubs, or shrubs. “ [Tribe OLDEN- LANDIEAE.] EN ce ASL Pe aes oer oe Flowers in heads, 5-merous. . . a) Et hy alc cee Ae Flowers in panicles. [Tribe CINCHONEAE.] ee Calyx entire or shortly toothed. Stigma hood- Enpeck — Species 4. Central Africa. They yield timber, dyes, and medicaments. (Mamboga Blanco, Stephegyne Korth., under NaucleaL.) . . .Mitragyne Korth. Calyx cleft about to the middle. Stigma head- or club-shaped. — Species 4. Centraland South Africa. Yielding timber. . . . Adina Salisb. Placentas shortly adnate to the partition of the ovary and more or less distinctly stalked. wip! oi ge Bavpdopence mamma ache cco Keen teenie Ee nn 138. 130. 140. ' I4I. 142. 143. 144. 145. 219. RUBIACEAE ASE Piacentas adnate to the partition of the ovary throughout their whole length or almost so. . . . tens (EAL Flowers unisexual or polygamous, 5- -merous. Gaon hes unappendaged. Fruit globose. Shrubs. — Species 20. Madagascar and neighbouring islands. Some species yield dyes or medicaments; several are poisonous. Danais Comm. Flowers hermaphrodite. Corolla-lobes usually with a thread- or club- shaped appendage on the back. Fruit oblong or linear. Trees. . 139 Anthers concealed within the corolla-tube. Flowers 4-merous. Corolla urn-shaped. Fruit loculicidal. Leaves opposite. — Species 1. West Africa. Used medicinally. . . . . . Pseudocinchona A. Chev. Anthers projecting at least partly beyond the corolla-tube. Corolla-lobes appendaged. Flowers usually 5-merous. . . MFC, 140 Fruit loculicidal. Corolla usuallv funnel- apa —- Gneden 3. West Bea. . . . Corynanthe Welw. Fruit septicidal. Cl urn- or ‘bell- shaped. Leaves whorled. — Species 3. West Africa. They yield timber and medicaments. (Under Corynanthe Welw.) . . . . . . . ~~ Pausinystalia Pierre Fruit loculicidal. Calyx-segments subulate, deciduous. Corolla-lobes erect. Style shortly lobed. Trees. Leaves herbaceous. Stipules glandular-toothed. Bracts partly petal-like. — Species 8. Tropics. Hymenodictyon Wall. ot seplicidal. .. .. . .. 3 > ra E42 Fruit splitting downwards ior fhe apex. Caine Pants lanceolate, leaf-like, deciduous. Corolla violet. — Species 4. Madagascar. Schismatoclada Bak. Fruit splitting upwards from the base. Calyx-segments persistent. Corolla pink or yellowish. Stamens of the long-styled flowers inserted in the middle of the corolla-tube, those of the short-styled at its mouth. Placen- tas thick. — Species 3. Cultivated in the tropics. They yield medica- ments (especially quinine). . . . . . . . Cinehona L. (133.) Ovary 5-celled. Stigmas 5. Bierce ® inserted a little above the base of the corolla-tube. Corolla salver-shaped, with a long tube. Calyx-segments unequal. Flowers in panicles. Herbs. — Species I. Southern West Africa (Angola). . . . . . Pentacarpaea Hiern Ovary 2-celled. Stigmas I—2. . . . 144 Placentas club-shaped, ascending from fhe bese of the ovary- delist few- ovuled. Shrubs or undershrubs. Flowers in terminal cymes, 4- ZUETOUS. 5). * EN eee, | ea ge > Placentas attached Au the we He ee ovary.. . i. eh Calyx-segments distinctly unequal, one or several of een considerably enlarged. Corolla tubular or funnel-shaped. Stamens inserted in the corolla-tube. Fruit bursting irregularly. Stipules lacerated. — Species 15. Tropics. (Under ee IR . . . Dirichletia Klotzsch Calyx-segments equal. ae Bee aed Aa bw ee 2: 532 146. 147. 148. 149. 150. I5I. 152. 153. 219. RUBIACEAE Calyx inversely umbrella-shaped, membranous at the base of the segments. Corolla salver-shaped. Stamens inserted at the throat of the corolla. Fruit opening loculicidally. Leaves linear. — Species 1. Madagascar. Carphalea Juss. Calyx not inversely umbrella-shaped, with 4 lobes alternating with small teeth. Corolla tubular. Stamens inserted in the corolla-tube. Leaves ovate. — Species I. Island of Socotra. . . . Placopoda Balf. Calyx-segments distinctly Bhai et usually one of them much en- er a. a sht ASH ah ys. tr, nia Calyx-segments equal or a ee Se a yt te : - oat a Corolla glabrous at the throat. Style 2-lobed. Fruit loculicidal, with a persistent and a deciduous valve. Herbs. Flowers in cymes. — Species 10. Central Africa. ; » «vol. os MineetacAizer Corolla hairy at the throat. Style 2- left, Jo 2. able, sn Flowers in spikes. Fruit with septicidal and loculicidal dehiscence. Undershrubs. — Species 12. Tropics. . . . . . Otomeria Benth. Flowers in fascicles, cymes, or panicles. Fruit with loculicidal dehiscence. 150 Corolla red or violet. Stamens inserted in the upper part of the corolla- tube. Herbs or undershrubs. Stipules divided into awl-shaped or bristle-like segments. — Species 35. Tropical and South Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants. (Newrocarpaea R. Br.) Pentas Benth. Corolla yellow or white. Stamens inserted at the throat of the corolla. SELHBE Gr TrEBSatAfSee TAB), a ee Mussaenda L. Stamens inserted in the lower part of the corolla-tube. Anthers con- verging above or cohering into a tube, opening at the top. Corolla rotate. Style simple, with a capitate stigma. Fruit opening with a lid or irregularly. Herbs. Stipules undivided. Flowers in spike- or umbel-like cymes. — Species 2. Central Africa. . . Argostema Wall. . Stamens inserted in the upper part of the corolla-tube or at its mouth. Anthers neither converging nor cohering, opening lengthwise. . . 152 Flowers in racemes, 5-merous. Calyx-segments linear. Corolla white, funnel-shaped; tube rather short. Anthers included. Placentas spindle-shaped. Style 2-cleft. Creeping herbs. — Species 1. East Ga... ioe hes were . . . «+ Dolichometra K. Schum. Flowers solitary or in sometimes capitate or scorpioid cymes, often collected in false racemesor panicles) . | . . . . '. « + 153 Flowers in one-sided cymose inflorescences, 5-merous. Stamens inserted in the corolla-tube, included. Placentas filiform. Style-branches spatulate. Fruit narrow, compressed, few-seeded, with septicidal and loculicidal dehiscence. deat herbs. Stipules lanceolate. — Species I. Central Africa. some . . . . Hekistocarpa Hook. fil. Flowers in head-like or lax, nett one- RN cymes, orsolitary. . . . 154 CAPRIFOLIACEAE. Pl: T45: PEOW. PL. AFR: J, Fleischmann del. Viburnum rugosum Pers. C Lower part of the flower cut lengthwise. D Fruit. E Cross-section of fruit. B Flower. A Flowering branch, VALERIANACEAE. PLOW. PL. AFR. Pl. 146. J. Fleischmann del. Valeriana capensis Vahl A Aboveground part of the plant. B Flower. C?Anther. D Flower cut lengthwise (without the anthers), E Stigma, F Fruit. Seed cut lengthwise. 219. RUBIACEAE — 220. CAPRIFOLIACEAE 533 154. Flowers 5-merous. Corolla shortly funnel-shaped. Anthers included. Style 2-cleft. Fruit opening loculicidally at the apex. Herbs. Stipules entire or toothed. Flowers in lax cymes. — Species 1. Tropical and South-east Africa. (Under Oldenlandia Plum.) Pentodon Hochst. Flowers 4-merous, very rarely 5-merous, but then BR or in pairs Dr siyie simple. . .... 0 eens 155. Fruit opening by a lid, few- ER Flssserd 4-merous. c orolla rotate. Placentas globose, with 3—4 ovules. Undershrubs. Flowers in terminal fascicles. — Species 1. Northern East Africa (Somaliland). Mitratheea K. Schum. Fruit opening lengthwise or remaining closed. — Species 120. Some of them yield vegetables, dyes, or medicaments. (Including Hedyotis L. and Pentanopsis Rendle). . . . . . . +. Oldenlandia Plum. FAMILY 220. CAPRIFOLIACEAE Leaves opposite. Flowers hermaphrodite. Sepals 5, united below. Petals 5, united below. Stamens 5, inserted on the corolla. Ovary inferior. Ovules axile, pendulous. Fruit a berry or a drupe. Seeds with a straight embryo and fleshy albumen. — Genera 4, species 15. North and East Africa. (Plate 145.) 1. Ovary 1-celled when fully developed. Ovule 1. Style very short, 3- parted. Anthers turned inwards. Flowers in corymbs, regular, at least the inner ones. Fruit a drupe with a I-seeded stone. Shrubs or trees. Leaves entire, toothed, or lobed. — Species 4. North Africa. They yield timber and medicaments or serve as ornamental plants, so especially the guelder-rose (V. Opulus L.) and the laurustinus (V. tinus L.); the latter has Ba fruits. (Plate 145.) [Tribe VIBUR- oe coe 7%. «. gi Bt Ovary 2—5-celled. Ortes. 2 or more. Brit a drupe with 3—5 stones or a several-seeded berry. 1 Arte 5 REED 2. Ovary with 1 ovule in each cell. Style very aed: lest Anthers turned outwards. Corolla rotate. Flowers regular, in panicles or corymbs. Fruit a drupe. Leaves pinnately dissected. — Species 4. North and East Africa ; one species (S. nigra L.) only naturalized. The latter yields wood, pith, oil, edible fruits, and medicaments ; another species is poisonous. “ Elder.” [Tribe SAMBUCEAE.] Sambucus L. Ovary with 2 or more ovules in each cell. Style long. Anthers turned inwards. Flowers more or less irregular. Fruit a berry. Leaves entire, toothed, or lobed. Shrubs. [Tribe LONICEREAE.] . . 3 3. Ovary 2—3-celled. — Species 6. North-west Africa. Some are used as ornamental or medicinal plants. ‘“‘ Honeysuckle.” . . Lonicera L. Ovary 5-celled. . Fruit many-seeded. — Species 1. Naturalized in the Azores. An ornamental plant.. . . . . . . Leycesteria Wall. 534 221. VALERIANACEAE — 222. DIPSACACEAE FAMILY 221. VALERIANACEAE Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves opposite or all radical, without stipules. Inflorescence cymose. Calyx not distinctly developed at the time of flowering. Petals 5, united below. Stamens 1—3, attached to the corolla-tube. Anthers turned inwards. Ovary inferior, with 3 cells, two of which are empty and sometimes rudimentary. Ovule 1, pendulous, inverted. Style simple; stigma entire or 3-parted. Seed exalbuminous ; embryo straight. — Genera 4, species 35. (Plate 146.) I. Stamen ı. Corolla spurred. Calyx-limb developing into a feathery pappus crowning the fruit. Fruit I-celled. — Species 5. North Africa. Used as ornamental plants. a. . . . . Centranthus DC. Stamens 2—3. Corolla not spurred, but became gibbous. . x} 6 ee 2. Stamens 2, more rarely 3, two of which are united. Corolla 2-lipped ; tube long, with a minute gibbosity near the base. Calyx-limb toothed. Branches of the inflorescence thickened. — Species 4. North-west Pen: y A Au. An. „ Fedia ie Stamens 3, free. Coralia Pat: 2- eed DAN Bae innere SEE 3. Calyx-limb rolled inwards at the time of flowering, hrs afterwards into a pappus of feathery bristles. Fruit I-celled. Corolla-tube usually gibbous. Perennial herbs or undershrubs. Leaves divided. — Species. 5. North-west, East, and South Africa. Used as medicinal or orna- mental plants. (Plate 146.) . « Jolley Waleriana gl: Calyx-limb entire or toothed. Erle Holt a distinct gibbosity. Annual herbs. — Species 20. North and South Africa and northern East Africa. Some species, especially V. olitoria Poll., are used as salad. ‘‘ Cornsalad.’’ a Phe «dad Valerianels Faure FAMILY 222. DIPSACACEAE ” Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves opposite, without stipules. Flowers in heads ; each flower with an epicalyx embracing the ,ovary. Petals 4—5, united below. Stamens 2—4. Anthers turned inwards. Ovary inferior, I- celled. Ovule I, pendulous, inverted. Style simple; stigma entire or 2- parted. Fruit enclosed by the epicalyx, dry, indehiscent. Seed albuminous ; embryo straight. — Genera 7, species 50. (Plate 147.) I. Involucral bracts in many rows, imbricate, usually stiff and smaller than the scales of the receptacle. Calyx-teeth numerous. Corolla-lobes 4. Stigma entire. — Species 15. (Plate 147.) . . Cephalaria Schrad. Dnvolacralbracts in 1— grows, . 71 20. Se EN eee 2. Involucral bracts united. Epicalyx with 8 pits near the apex. Calyx- teeth 5. Stigma entire. — Species 2. North-west Africa. (Under cabiosa'L.) . 9°... .... . % Pyenocomon Hoiimsg. & Tink Tovotdcral bracts tree. 8s. a gt en es | enc San DIPSACACEAE. FLOW PL. AFR, Pi. 247: J. Fleischmann del Cephalaria rigida (Spreng.) Schrad. B Flower with epicalyx and bract. C Lower part of the lower cut lengthwise. A Flowering branch. CUCURBITACEAE. FEOW PL. AFR. Prd J. Fleischmann del. Momordica Charantia L. A Flowering branch. B Male flower cut lengthwise. C Sepa!. D Anther. E Female flower cut lengthwise. G Cross-section of ovary. H Fruit. J Seed. (H from Curtis’ Botanical Magazine, plate 2455.) Pi. e a i.) - - = 2 = & ° = F Staminode, 148. 222. DIPSACACEAE — 223. CUCURBITACEAE 535 3. Scales of the receptacle stiff and pointed. Calyx-teeth usually 4. Stem prickly or bristly. — Species 5. North and East Africa. Several species are used in the manufacture of cloth and in medicine. “ Teasel.” Dipsacus L. Scales of the receptacle herbaceous or replaced by hairs. Stem glabrous or ae bristiy. u 9/50) A Si Nei A LE ME U Vi 4. Scales of the receptacle nearly as large as thie flowers. Epicalyx with 8 longitudinal furrows. Calyx-teeth 5. Stigma entire. — Species 2. North-west Africa and Cameroons. They yield dyes and medicaments. (Under *Scabiosa L.) . . . : oe, ©. Siecisa: Coult: Scales of the receptacle much inion fit the flowers or replaced by GUE ie ls Were STR 5. Calyx-teeth file Stigma BR. Epicalys a: 8 longitudinal furrows or ribs and a saucer-shaped limb. Receptacle scaly. — Species 18. Some of them are used as ornamental or medicinal plants. Seabiosa L. MabyeeceetivS—24,0 wg yet aby “Se ale eae 6. Calyx-teeth 8. Epicalyx without distinct aaron or ribs, and with a narrow, toothed limb. Receptacle hairy. — Species 2. North-west Africa. Used as ornamental or medicinal plants. (Under Scabiosa L.) Knautia Coult. Calyx-teeth 12—24. Epicalyx with 8 longitudinal furrows and a saucer- shaped limb. — Species 6. North Africa and Abyssinia. (Under RABEN WG ehh set da pena edicts os yt; Bterocephalus, Vail: ORDER CAMPANULATAE SUBORDER CUCURBITINEAE FAMILY 223. CUCURBITACEAE Nearly always prostrate or climbing and tendril-bearing plants. Leaves broad, usually with pedate nervation. Flowers unisexual or polygamous, regular or nearly so, 5-merous. Calyx of united sepals. Stamens 4—5, four of them united in pairs, rarely all united or all free. Anthers usually opening outwards. Ovary inferior. Ovules inverted. Style undivided or cleft. Fruit berry-like, but sometimes dehiscent, more rarely dry and indehiscent. Seeds with a leathery or woody testa and a straight embryo, without albumen. — Genera 42, species 270. (Plate 148.) 1. Filaments all united into acolumn. [TribeSICYOIDEAE.) . . . 2 Filaments free or united at the base orinpairs. . . . Haba a. TUS 2. Anthers 2—3, horizontal, straight or slightly curved. Staminal column very short. Male flowers in panicles, yellowish. Tendrils 2-cleft. — Species 1. East Africa. (Under Gerrardanthus Harv.) Cyclantheropsis Harms Anthers 3—5, erect and much curved ortwisted.. . . . “2. - 3 536 223. CUCURBITACEAE 3. Flowers usually dioecious, the female with staminodes. Ovules numerous, horizontal. Herbs. Tendrils simple or 2-cleft. Female flowers solitary. — Species 30. Central and South Africa. Some species have edible fruits or serve as ornamental or medicinal plants. (Cephalandra Schrad.) Coceinia Wight & Arn. Flowers monoecious, the female without staminodes. Ovule I, pendulous. Tendrils 3—5-cleft. Male flowers in racemes or panicles. . 4. Female flowers solitary or in pairs. Anthers free. Fruit lara fleshy. Shrubs. Flowers whitish. — Species 1 (S. edule Swartz). Cultivated and sometimes naturalized in North Africa, the island of St. Thomas, and the Mascarenes. The stem yields fibres, the roots and fruits are edible and contain starch. . . - « . « Sechium P. Browne Female flowers crowded in heads. Fruit small, with a leathery rind. Herbs. Flowers greenish. — Species 1. Central Africa ; also cultivated in the Mascarene Islands. Yields starch and medicaments. Sieyos L. 5. Stamens 5, one of them sterile; filaments free; anthers more or less cohering, 2-celled. Petals unequal, undivided. Ovary incompletely 3-celled ; ovules few in each cell, pendulous. Styles 3; stigmas 2- lobed. Fruit 3-valved at the apex. Seeds winged. Shrubs. Tendrils 2-cleft. Flowers dioecious, the male in racemes, the female solitary. — Species 4. Central and South Africa. Used medicinally. (Including Atheranthera Mast.) [Tribe FEVILLEAE.] . . Gerrardanthus Harv. Stamens 4—5, united in pairs, hence apparently only 2—3, rarely stamens 5,freeandallfertile. . . . 6 6. Anther-cells straight or slightly dake rely phortly inne at the base or apex. [Tribe MELOTHRIEAE.] 2 7 Anther-cells much curved or twisted, U- or S- shaped, Tribe CUCUR- BITEAE.] ie KERLE ST OF . a 7. Anther-cells (pollen-sacs) 4. Blowers aioe rose- heeds the male without a rudimentary pistil. Calyx-segments toothed. Petals ciliate. Ovary oblong, 3—5-celled. Ovules numerous. Style 1. Fruit very large. Leaves compound. Tendrils 2-cleft. — Species 2. Tropics. They yield edible oily seeds and medicaments. (Including Ampelosieyos Thouars). [Subtribe TELFAIRIINAE.] . . . . . Telfairia Hook. Anther-cells 2, rarely (Melothria) 4, but then flowers small, white or yellow, the male with a rudimentary pistil, fruit small, and leaves simple. . 8 8. Disc at the base of the style distinctly developed. [Subtribe MELO- THRIINAE.] ; Ob MERA OS. COMPS) A Disc at the base of (the style indistinct or wanting. [Subtribe ANGURIINAE.] . . dre g. Calyx with a linie BE re TR, FR} et te A sessile, attached by the back. Male flowers solitary or 2—3 together, female solitary. — Species 3. Central Africa. Oreosyee Hook. fil. Calyx with a campanulate tube and short segments. Anthers attached by the base. — Species 30. Tropical and South Africa. They yield - ro. II. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 223. CUCURBITACEAE 537 vegetables and medicaments, or serve as ornamental plants. (Including Mukia Arn., Pilogyne Schrad., and Zehneria Endl.) Melothria L. Stamens inserted at the throat of the calyx. . . on Ex Stamens inserted in the calyx-tube. Climbing or Sreisteäte beats Re Stem erect, woody, tree-like. Leaves more orless deeply divided. Flowers monoecious, the male in panicles, without apistil. Stigma 1, 3-lobed. — Species I. Island of Socotra. . . . . Dendrosieyos Balf. fil. Stem prostrate or climbing, herbaceous. Stiinta 3. —- Species 30. Central and South Africa, one species also cultivated in North Africa and the Mascarene Islands. Some species yield edible fruits and medicaments, or serve as ornamental plants. (Plate 148.) . . Momordica L. Anther-cells inflexed at the apex. Connective broad. Flowers small, yellow, monoecious, the male with a rudimentary pistil. Stigmas 3. — Species 2. West Africa. They yield edible fruits, oily seeds, and medica- ments. (Including Cladosicyos Hook., under Zehneria Endl.) Cucumeropsis Naud. Maither-cells straight, slightly curved, or inflexed at the base. . . . 13 Calyx-tube long, cylindrical. Flowers dioecious, the male in panicles, the female in racemes. Ovules numerous. Stigmas 2, 2-cleft. — Species i. Madagascar. . . . . . Trochomeriopsis Cogn. Calyx-tube short, pauipaneibaes lowers nearly always monoecious. . 14 Male flowers solitary or in fascicles or heads. Stamens with a lengthened Giamoadened-connective. i. uf Qiifselid) fot RER NE Bueuwersiiiracemes. : aif Othe ee Re NTS, near Te Stigma 1, lobed. Ovules few in each ovary-cell. Staminodes of the female flowers minute or wanting. Flowers small, yellowish-green. Fruit opening by a lid. — Species 20. Tropical and South Africa. Corallocarpus Welw. Stigmas 3—5. Ovules numerous. Staminodes hair-like or strap-shaped. —- Species 30. Some of them (especially the cucumber, C. sativus L., and the melon, C. Melo L.) yield edible fruits, oily seeds, and medica- ments, or serve as ornamental plants. . . . . . Cucumis L. Leaf-stalk with a small, fringed, stipule-like leaf at the base. Calyx-seg- ments awl-shaped. Male flowers without a rudimentary pistil, female without staminodes. Connective not prolonged. Ovules 2—3 in each cell. — Species 2. Central and South-west Africa. (Ctenolepis Hook.) Blastania Kotschy & Peyr. Leaf-stalk without a stipule-likeleafatitsbase. . . . . . ae Stem short. Flowers appearing before the leaves, the male with a rudi- mentary pistil, the female with linear staminodes. Calyx-segments narrow. Connective narrow, not prolonged. Stigmas 3. Ovules numerous. Leaves lobed. — Species I. South Africa. Pisosperma Sond. & Harv. Stemlong. Flowersappearing withtheleaves. . . . . . . . 18 538 223. CUCURBITACEAE 18. Staminodes in the female flowers thread-like, curved. Connective not prolonged at the apex. Male flowers without a rudimentary pistil. Stigmas I—2. Ovules numerous. Calyx-segments broad. Fruit bottle- shaped. Seeds globose. Leaves toothed or lobed. — Species 3. South Africa to Ngamiland. . . . . . . Toxanthera Hook. Staminodes in the female flowers sell or wanting. Connective pro- longed at the apex, very rarely not prolonged, but then fruit oblong, without a beak, and leaves deeply divided. Ovules usually few. — Species 15. Central and South Africa. Some are used as ornamental or medicinal plants. Ey Coniandra Schrad. and Rhynchocarpa Bd) RR I teren. : Kedrostis Medi: 19. (6.) Ovules solitary in each an. erect. Style surrounded at the base by a disc. Staminodes present in the female flowers. Anthers cohering. Petals undivided. — Species 1. West Africa and Canary Islands. (Including Trianosperma Mart.) [Subtribe ABOBRINAE.] Cayaponia Manso Ovules 2 or more in each ovary-cell or upon each placenta, horizontal, rarely ovary I-celled with 2 ovules, one erect, the other pendulous. 20 20. Petals slit at the edge, free or nearly so. Calyx-tube long. Stem climbing. Leaves cleft or compound. Tendrils 2—3-cleft. Male flowers in racemes.,,.,[Subtribe ‚TRICHOSANTHINAE.] |. 100; . ee el ae ee Petals mot Slit. oposyru st? © lage warf eh ai Te ariel neo Ta 21. Stamens combined into 3, projecting beyond the calyx-tube. Male flowers. with a rudimentary pistil. Fruit snake-shaped. Leaves 3—7-lobed. Tendrils 3-cleft. Flowers white. — Species I. Cultivated and natural- ized in Madagascar and the neighbouring islands. Used as a vegetable or as an ornamental or medicinal plant. ‘‘ Snake-gourd.” Trichosanthes L. Stamens 5, free, seated in the calyx-tube. Male flowers without a rudi- mentary pistil. Fruit pear-shaped. Leaves ternately compound. Tendrils 2-cleft. — Species 1. Madagascar... . . Delognaea Cogn. 22. Corolla distinctly campanulate, lobed or cleft. Ovules numerous. Flowers large or medium-sized, the male without a rudimentary pistil. Leaves entire, toothed, or lobed. [Subtribe CUCURBITINAE.] . . . . 23 Corolla more or less rotate. [Subtribe CUCUMERINAE.] . . . . 26 23. Calyx-segments pinnately dissected. Female flowers without staminodes. Style long, inserted on the disc. Stigmas 3, 3—5-lobed. Fruit dry. Tendrils simple. — Species 4. Tropics. (Raphidiocystis Hook.) Rhaphidioeystis Hook. Calyx-segments undivided. Female flowers provided with staminodes. 24 24. Flowers monoecious. Style short and thick. Stigmas 3—5, 2-lobed. Tendrils 2- or more-cleft. — Species 4. Cultivated and sometimes naturalized. They yield edible fruits, oil, and medicaments, and serve as ornamental plants. “ Pumpkin.” . . . . . . Cucurbita L. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 223. CUCURBITACEAE 539 Flowers dioecious. Style long. SER I, 3-lobed or 3-partite. Tendrils simpleona-cleft...:...:.. i 25 Anthers cohering. Staminodes of the Bel a bak pice to oblong. Fruit small. (See 3.) äh Coceinia Wight & Arn. Anthers free. Staminodes of the female flowers conical or globose. Fruit rather large. — Species 6. Central Africa. (Including Staphylosyce OOP EM ren iy gh eee . . .» Physedra Hook. (22.) Calyx-tube of the male saris long, anita or funnel-shaped. . 27 Calyx-tube of the male flowers short, top- or bell-shaped. . . . . 32 Anthers connate. Female flowers without staminodes. Flowers large, mittee OF yellow. . .. & mid 28 Anthers free or Ye ee Wenkafi dower provided with stamin- Berea he x) 5s 3 28 Flowers monoecious. Adınas folded An eae Node Leaf- stalk without glands at the apex. — Species 20. Tropical and South Africa. (Peponia Naud.) . . . . . . . Peponium Naud. Flowers dioecious. Anthers twisted PROS Ovary globose. — Species 9. Tropics. Used medicinally. . . . . Adenopus Benth. Flowers small or medium-sized, yellow or red. Anthers cohering. Rudi- mentary pistil of the male flowers conical. Stigma 1, 3-lobed. Seeds flattened. Root tuberous. — Species 15. Tropical and South Africa. Some species have edible roots also used in medicine. (Including Heterosicyos Welw.) . . . . . . Troehomeria Hook. Flowers large. Rudimentary seal of the male flowers gland-like or wanting Stigmas 3. Climbing herbs. . . . . Ae) = 3G Flowers monoecious, white, solitary. Style very short. Sn 2-lobed. Fruit with a woody rind. Seeds flattened. Leaves undivided ; stalk with 2 glands at the apex. Tendrils 2-cleft. — Species I (L. vulgaris Ser., bottle-gourd). Tropics; also cultivated and naturalized in extratropical countries. It yields edible fruits, also used for making bottles and other utensils, and serves as an ornamental and medicinal et SE TRIER Lagenaria Ser. Flowers dioecious. Tendals Bee ea nd EEE Male flowers in racemes. Leaves undivided. — chee 5. West Africa. Cogniauxia Baill. Male flowers solitary or in clusters. Corolla yellow. Stamens with a broad connective. Staminodes bearded at the base. Stigmas heart-shaped. Fruit fleshy. Seeds nearly globose. Leaves lobed; stalk without glands. — Species 4. Central Africa. (Zuryandra Hook.) Eureiandra Hook. (26.) Anthers connate. Flowers dioecious, the male in clusters and without a rudimentary Byte the female without staminodes. Leaves WMAGIVIGE” £ lie deg) a) i. Mey RL Re pee. ge Anthers free or loosely Sint in the latter case flowers monoecious. 34 540 33: 34. 35. 36. 37: 38. 39. 40. 4I. 42. 223. CUCURBITACEAE Stem herbaceous, without tendrils. Leaves linear. Anthers with a scale at the base. — Species 1. Abyssinia. . . Eulenburgia Pax Stem woody, climbing, bearing tendrils. Leaves broad. — Species 3. West Africa. They yield oily seeds. . . .Dimorphochlamys Hook. Anthers cohering ; cells horse-shoe-shaped. Flowers monoecious, the male in umbels and with a rudimentary pistil, the female solitary and without staminodes. Stigma subcapitate. Herbs. Leaves lobed, with a stipule- like leaf at the base. Tendrils simple. Flowers white. Fruit small. — Species I. West Africa. (Under Bryonia L.) Dactyliandra Hook. fil. Anthers free, at least when fully developed. . . . . . . . . 35 Stamiens inserted at the throat of the calyx. -. ©. Wr, To Re Stamens inserted in the tube of the calyx. (2° .- UT me Calyx without scales at the base. Flowers dioecious, yellow or green, the male solitary or in clusters, the female solitary, with 5 staminodes. Ovary globose. Placentas and stigmas 5. Fruits large. Leafless, nearly erect, spiny shrubs. — Species I. German South-west Africa and Angola. Yields edible fruits and seeds and medicaments. ; Acanthosicyos Welw. Calyx with 2—3 scales at the base. Ovary bottle-shaped. Placentas and stigmas I—3. Climbing or prostrate herbs.. . . . . . . 37 Ovules 2. Stigma 1, capitate. Flowers large, yellow, monoecious, the male 2—3 together at the base of the leaf-blade, without a rudimentary pistil, the female solitary or in pairs, without staminodes. Fruits small. Leaves slightly lobed. Tendrils simple. — Species 3. Central Africa. (Kaphanocarpus Hook.) ove" wien 4. maids Hook. Ovules 3 or more. Stigmas 3. AR ihe Ovules few. Fruit constricted between the ER — _ pects 1... East Africa. (Raphanistrocarpus Baill.) . . Rhaphanistrocarpus Baill. Ovules numerous. (See IL) .). 2... . ¥ ¥ ©’ Momordiea L. Male flowersinracemes. . . : FE YS Male flowers solitary er in aiuutees: yellow N LAN N KUREN Female flowers in racemes or clusters, small. Ovules few. Male flowers without a rudimentary pistil. Fruit more or less globular. Tendrils simple. — Species 4. North Africa. Poisonous and used medicinally. Bryonia L. Female flowers solitary. Ovules numerous. I, 9. 0.0. ag Flowers dioecious. large, white, the male without a rudimentary pistil. Stigma 1, 3-lobed. Fruit large, globose. Leafstalk with two glands at the apex. Tendrils 2-cleft, rarely simple. — Species 1. Tropical and South Africa. . . : . . Sphaerosicyos Hook. Flowers monoecious. Seman 3, 2- dpe inant stalk without glands. 42 Tendrils cleft. Leaves lobed. Fruit dry, opening by a lid. —- Species 7. ‚Tropical and South Africa ; one species also cultivated in North Africa. They are used as vegetables and medicinal plants ; some have edible, 223. CUCURBITACEAE — 224. CAMPANULACEAE 54I others poisonous fruits ; the fibres of the fruit are employed for making sponges, hats, and various utensils; the seeds are oily. Luffa L. Tendrils absent. Leaves undivided. Flowers yellow, the male without a rudimentary pistil. Fruit fleshy, ejecting the seeds when ripe. — Species I. North Africa. A poisonous and medicinal plant. “ Squirt- me cucumber.”, . .. ins... Beballium A, Rich. 43. Male flowers without a Ken De Ovules few. Stem climbing. Tendrils two-cleft. Flowers in clusters, small, yellowish-green, mon- oecious. Fruit small, globular. — Species 1. Tropics. Used as an ornamental and medicinal plant. . . . . . . Bryonopsis Arn. Male flowers with a rudimentary pistil. Ovulesnumerous.. . . . 44 44. Connective of the stamens with a 2-cleft Te at the apex. Tendrils simple, rarely wanting. (See 15.) ; , . Cucumis L. Connective of the stamens not prolonged at the apex. Tends 2—3-cleft. Stem prostrate. Leaves lobed or divided. Flowers large, monoecious. 45 45. Calyx-segments leaf-like, serrate, recurved. Flowers solitary. — Species 1 (B. hispida Cogn.). Cultivated in various regions. The fruits are eatenandusedinmedicine. . . . . . Benineasa Savi Calyx-segments awl-shaped, entire. — Sen 4. They yield edible fruits (chiefly from C. vulgaris Neck., water-melon), edible oily seeds, and medicaments; some are poisonous. (Colocynthis L.) Citrullus Neck. SUBORDER CAMPANULINEAE FAMILY 224. CAMPANULACEAE Leaves entire toothed or lobed, without stipules. Petals usually united below. Stamens as many as the petals. Anthers turned inwards. Ovary inferior or half-inferior, rarely (Lightfootia) superior, 2—10-celled, rarely (Merciera) 1-celled. Ovules inverted, numerous and axile, rarely few and apical or basal. Style simple. Fruit a capsule, rarely a nut or (Canarina) a berry. Seeds with fleshy albumen; embryo straight. — Genera 26, species 400. (Including LOBELIACEAE and SPHENOCLEACEAE.,) (Plate 149.) I. Anthers connate. Flowers more or less irregular, solitary or in racemes or panicles. [Subfamily LOBELIOIDEAE.| . . . iat, OS Anthers free, rarely (Jasione) cohering at the base, but than Seen regular and in heads. ae ‘ EA WERE 2. Petals free. Flowers iti ea small ee lod in many- flowered terminal and lateral racemes. — Species 2. Madagascar. Dialypetalum Benth. Petals united below . . 3 3. Corolla-tube slit down to the as or sabi so, at fet on one ake Stafsine free fromthe. corolla or nearly:sa, ja a Va a et re Carolia-tubemet.or butshortly slit.. =, = “screw tee ae ee 542 4. TO; PILL. I2. 224. CAMPANULACEAE Fruit linear. All anthers hairy at the apex. — Species I. South Africa. (Under 'Lobeka) . .... „AT: «6 Grammatotheeat ire Fruit roundish. . . . Poa. Oe SR . Anthers and stigmas ripe at be! same bhi All anthers hairy at the apex. Odd sepal in front. — Species 12. South and East Africa and Comoro Islands. Some are used as ornamental plants. (Including Dobrowskya Presl and Parastvanthus Don, under Lobelia L.) Monopsis Salisb. Anthers ripe before the stigmas. Odd sepal usually behind. — Species 120. Southern and tropical Africa, Madeira, and Azores. Some are poisonous or are used as ornamental or medicinal plants. (Including Jsolobus A. DC. and Meizleria’Presl) 2) 2004 .... +) oben . Filaments adnate to the corolla on one ick td et the pide Corolla white. — Species1. Naturalized in the Island of Réunion. A poisonous and medicinal plant. . . . en BS0t0ma End Filaments free from the corolla or teHOrER, ans to it. Corolla blue or white. — Species 10; South and North-west Africa. (Including Enchysia-Fresl) "u. . . . Laurentia Neck. . (1.) Flowers distinctly ea iad Or 2- Beide Fruit opening locul- icidally and septicidally. — Species 30. South and Central Africa. Several species have edible tubers. [Subfamily CYPHIOIDEAE.] Cyphia Berg Flowers regular or nearly so. [Subfamily CAMPANULOIDEAE.|] . . 8 . Corolla imbricate in the bud. Style very short, without collecting hairs. Ovary 2-celled ; placentas thick, suspended from the top of the partition. Fruit opening by a lid. Flowers in spikes, small, greenish or yellowish. — Species 1. Tropics and Egypt. [Tribe SPHENOCLEEAE. ] Sphenoclea Gaertn. Corolla valvate in the bud. Style with hairs or viscid glands for collecting tie pollen: | IHIDECAMPANULRAKT EM, . . . Microcodon AY De, Filaments adnate to the caret halfway or higher up. Fruit opening Dy ce ater, . “0... at. SPCR ee Filaments free from the corolla or inti} 80; AGM: 7 ae Ovules 2 in each ovary-cell, suspended from the ei by ile kai: more blue, in raceme- or panicle-like cymose inflorescences. Leaves linear. Herbs or undershrubs, «sy wre 2. Siphocodon Pures 13. 14. 15. 26: 7. 18. IQ. 20. 2I. 224. CAMPANULACEAE 543 Ovules many in each cell, attached to the inner angle. Flowers red, in _ heads. Leaves ovate. Shrubs. —- Species 1. South Africa. Rhigiophyllum Hochst. Anthers cohering at the base. Petals free or nearly so. Ovary 2-celled. Fruit opening loculicidally at the top. Flowers in heads surrounded by an involucre. — Species 4. North Africa. . . . . . Jasione L. N: en en. Eh Ovules 4, basal. Ovary I-celled, sometimes incompletely 2-celled. Corolla tubular-funnel-shaped. Fruit dry, indehiscent, 1-, rarely 2—4-seeded. Undershrubs. Flowers solitary, axillary. — Species 4. South Africa. Merciera A. DC. Ovules axile, usually numerous. Ovary 2—1o-celled. . . . . . 15 Fruit a roundish berry. Flowers solitary, terminai, large, nearly always 6-merous. Corolla bell-shaped, yellow or red. Filaments broadened at the base. Leaves opposite, the lower whorled. — Species 3. East Africa and Canary Islands. They yield edible roots and fruits and Seaveasonnamental plants. cyoea,,)k = pales Dein Canarina L. Fruit acapsule, rarely anut. Flowers usually 5-merous. . . . . 16 Fruit narrow, opening by an apical lid and sometimes also by lateral slits, more rarely remaining closed. Ovary 2-celled. SERED SAD Tes Mle iy Fruit opening by apical valves or by lateral valves, slits, or pores. . . 18 Flowers in terminal heads. Corolla tubular. Ovary ovoid. — Species I. South Africa. (Leptocodon Sond.) . . . . . Treichelia Vatke Flowers terminal and solitary, or in lateral glomerules. Ovary oblong. — Species 15. South Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants. Roélla L. Fruit opening by lateral, but sometimes nearly apical valves, slits, or Poles. «Aso Tid thee te ik Fruit opening tanita af fhe apex, en og ee oe Fruit narrow; Opening by poresorslits; =. u fo ee ew | BO aust broad, opening byivalves. ) "IE 2 u 1.000 GP age ns UE Fruit opening by long slits. Ovary 2-celled. Corolla funnel-shaped or narrowly bell-shaped. —- Species 20. South Africa. Prismatocarpus L’Her. Fruit opening by short slits or pores. Ovary 3-celled. Corolla wheel- shaped or broadly bell-shaped. — Species 4. North Africa. They serve as ornamental N ; the root is edible. “ Venus’s looking- Blase)... . . Specularia Heist. Corolla tubular. eg 2—3- Be Stale aera far beyond the corolla. Flowers in panicles. — Species 1. North-west Africa. Used as an ornamental plant; the root is edible. . . Trachelium L. Corolla bell- or funnel-shaped. Ovary 3—5-celled. Style not or slightly projecting beyond the corolla. — Species 25 North Africa and northern Central Africa. Several species are used as vegetables or as medicinal pt, ornamentalsplants., «11078 ehe = Sei) allie Qampanula,T.: 544 224. CAMPANULACEAE — 225. GOODENIACEAE — 226. COMPOSITAE 22. Stigma-lobes 2—I0, narrow. . . BS ty I Pi Stigma-lobes 2—3, broad, sometimes nay un Re: oe 23. Petals free or nearly so, narrow. — pe: 50. Sorter and tropical Africa. (Plate 249.) . . .« . . Lightfootia L’Her. Petals obviously united below, or Mikal — Species 80. Some of them serve as ornamental plants. (Including Cervicina Del.) Wahlenbergia Schrad. 24. Petals free or nearly so, narrow, blue. Herbs. — Species 6. Central and South-west Africa. . . . . . . +. . Cephalostigma A. DC. Petals obviously united below. . . 25 25. Corolla bell-shaped, deeply cleft, srellw: Style etn ating ee ranean Fruit opening at the top and laterally. Seeds numerous. Stem woody. Species 1. Mascarene Islands. (Under Wahlenbergia Schrad.) Heterochaenia A. DC. Corolla narrowly funnel-shaped, shortly lobed. Style much exceeding the corolla. Fruit opening at the top only. Seeds about ten. Stem herbaceous. — Species I. Morocco. (Under Tvachelium L.) Feeria Buser FAMILY 225. GOODENIACEAE Shrubs or trees. Juice not milky. Leaves alternate, undivided, without stipules. Flowers in axillary cymes, irregular, hermaphrodite. Calyx truncate or 5-toothed. Corolla 5-lobed, slit open behind, with folded aestivation. Stamens 5, alternating with the corolla-lobes, free from the corolla. Anthers free, turned inwards. Ovary inferior, 2-celled. Ovules solitary in each cell, erect. Style simple. Stigma capitate, surrounded by a fringed cup. Fruit a © drupe. Seeds with fleshy albumen ; embryo straight. Genus I, species 2. Tropical and South Africa. They yield wood for carpenters’ work, pith used in the manufacture of paper, vegetables, and “medicaments: ,,.. ande oa sure a) ph estate oe a FAMILY 226. COMPOSITAE Leaves simple and exstipulate, but sometimes dissected or provided with stipule-like auricles. Flowers seated upon a dilated or elevated receptacle and arranged in sometimes spike-like or one-flowered heads which are surrounded by an involucre. Heads either containing only hermaphrodite flowers, several of which are sometimes sterile (male), or consisting of hermaphrodite or male central (disc-) flowers and female or neuter marginal (ray-) flowers, more rarely heads unisexual or reduced to a single flower. Calyx-limb (pappus) formed of sometimes connate scales or hairs, fully developed only in fruit, or wanting. Corolla of united petals, in the hermaphrodite and male flowers 3—5-lobed with valvate aestivation, regular (tube-, funnel-, or bell-shaped) or 2-lipped or I-lipped (strap-shaped), in the female flowers sometimes wanting. Stamens as many as the corolla-lobes and alternate with them, inserted in the corolla-tube. Anthers connate, rarely free, opening inwards by Pl. 149. CAMPANULACEAE. MEOW. PL. APR: pe 4 ING ' EI & A N (7 RT 0 J. Fleischmann del. Lightfootia subulata L’Her. D Seed. C Fruit. B Flower cut lengthwise. A Flowering branch. COMPOSITAE. FLOW. PL. AFR. PI 5G: rad 3 \ Se ee ı J. Fleischmann del. Vernonia Baumii O. Hoffm. A Flowering branch. B Flower. C Flower cut lengthwise and pappus-bristle. D Anther from front and back. u Mi 226. COMPOSITAE 545 two longitudinal slits. Ovary inferior, ı-celled. Ovule 1, erect, inverted. Style of the fertile hermaphrodite flowers cleft into two branches, which bear stigmatic papillae on the inner face or the margins, and hairs on the outer face, on both sides, or at the top; style of the sterile flowers usually entire. Fruit indehiscent, mostly dry. Seed solitary, with a thin coat usually adnate to the pericarp, exalbuminous. Embryo straight ; radicle short, inferior. — Genera 327, species 4200. (Including AMBROSIACEAE.) (Plate 150.) I. Corolla of all flowers strap-shaped (ligulate). Juice milky. [Tribe BICHORIEAEN] .- 000. ‘ Gs eat Corolla of the hermaphrodite ae stale ale ot Planen: Juice najs, a 1]. 2, hs a Mere A: 2. Scales on the receptacle enclosing the fruits. “Thistle-like Hlacbs, — Species. 3. North Africa and northern East Africa. Used as vegetables and in medicine. [Subtribe sCOLYMINAE.] . . . >. tele ealyings. L. Scales on the receptacle not enclosing the aa. or wanting. Not thistle- 1 a 0 NS. RYO Te eee ase om “i ge ge) 3. Pappus of all or of the inner fruits consisting of feathery bristles which are sometimes broadened at the base or surrounded by simple bristles or byasmallcrown. [Subtribe LEONTODONTINAE.] . . 4 Pappus consisting of simple, smooth or rough, in some cases shorty due bristles, or of such bristles and scales, or only of scales sometimes ending in a not feathery, in some cases shortly ciliate awn, or of scales united muted small’crown, or wanting'altogether!- . "ieh LIO 4. Pappus-bristles, at least on the inner fruits, with interwoven pinnae. INerentacle without scales! * hae Ta N, WIRED 15 Pappus-bristles with not interwoven pinnae, in I or 2 rows. [lowers WEMONVEL tc et rts <0 YL RB re 7 cis] a 5. Pappus-bristles and involucral bracts in one row. mw: terminal, solitary, large or rather large. Leaves linear. — Species 3. North Africa ; one of the species also naturalized in St. Helena. Used as vegetables or in medicine. “ Salsify.’’ (Including Geropogon L.) Tragopogon L. Pappus-bristles and involucral bracts in several rows. . . . . . 6 6. Fruits obliquely truncate at the top; hence pappus lateral. Flower- heads terminal, solitary ; flowers yellow. Leaves radical. — Species 1. North-west Africa (Algeria). . . . . Tourneuxia Coss. Fruits straight at the top. — Species 7. Nota. and Central Africa ; one species only cultivated. They yield edible roots, food for silkworms, and medicaments. (Including Podospermum DC.) Seorzonera L. 7. Receptacle with scales between the flowers. Involucral bracts in several rows. — Species 6. North Africa ; two of the species also naturalized in South Africa, St. Helena, and the Mascarenes. Used in medicine. (Including Seriola L.) . . . = =... + Hypochoeris L. Receptacle without scales. . . » 2... 8 2M 546 8. Io. 226. COMPOSITAE Involucral bracts in one row. Fruits with a hollow beak. Pappus-bristles in two rows. Flower-heads solitary. — Species 2. North Africa and Cape Verde Islands; naturalized in South Africa. Urospermum Scop. Involucral bractsin severalrows. . . 9 . Leaves all radical. Stem simple or can metal Papa per- sistent. — Species 20. North Africa. (Including Asterothrix Coss., Fidelia Schultz, Kalbfussia Schultz, Microderis DC., Millina Cass., and Inhsmaa Roth). ..'....- . . Leontodon L. Leaves cauline or cauline and Ua Stan Lt me — Species 20. North and Central Africa. Several species are used as vegetables. (Including Deckera Schultz, Helminthia Juss., Spitzelia Schultz, Viraea Vahl, and Vigineixie Pomel). 4,7... 0.3.2 7, » eg ey (3.) Pappus, at least on the inner fruits, ne Ir bristles. [Subtribe CREPIDINAE.] . . Re Pappus consisting of a. me eae » 7 AR Be prolonged into an awn or united in a san crown, or wanting. [Subtribe GICHOBTNAR. |: "17 0 3 aa a ti ai aa as ec Si II. Receptacle beset with bristles. Fruits not beaked. . . . . . . I2 Receptacle glabrous or shortly ciliate. . . . . ee rn 12. Receptacle bristly throughout. Fruits linear. — So % N orth-east Africa (Egypt). (Lagoseris M. Bieb.) tele 1» „ Pterotleea Cass. Receptacle pitted ; only the edges of the pits beset with bristles. Fruits oblong. —Species1o. North Africa. . . . . . . Andryala L. 13. Fruitsendinginabeak. . . . ui fe DE Fruits without a beak, but m es na at ane APEX: + sailing: ome 14. Bruits tubercled.at the base of the beak: 7 rn oi! lise Inland ra Fruits not tubercled at the base of the beak. .* . .. .. |. molar mern 16. 17. 18. . Outer fruits not beaked, with a rudimentary pappus or without a pappus. Flower-heads subequal, in Fer, — Species I. North-east Africa (Eegypthisd feces, piyies cL» sous lt yo “Uileterodertaitsayae Outer fruits similar to the inner. . . ding Jobe Heads rather small, 7—15-flowered. oe. radioch and cauline. — Species 1. North Africa. Used as a salad and in medicine. Chondrilla L. Heads rather large, many-flowered. Leaves all radical. — Species 8. Some of them are used as salad or in medicine. ‘‘ Dandelion.’’ Taraxacum Hall. Fruits compressed. — Species 40, one of them (L. sativa L.) only cultivated. They are used as salad and fodder and in medicine ; some are poisonous. “ Lettuce.”’ (Including Cicerbita Wallr.). ... . . . Laetuca L. Fruits, at least the inner, terete or angular, many-ribbed. — Species 35. (Including Anisorhamphus DC. and Barkhousia Moench), . Crepis L. Fruits much narrowed atthetop. . . I) eae Fruits, at least the inner, not or slightly nec er teuiitenk at ihe top. 20 22. 23. 226. COMPOSITAE 547 . Stem reduced to a rootstock sometimes prolonged into a short scape. Flowers yellow. — Species 2. East Africa. . . Dianthoseris Schultz Stem well developed, not scape-like. (See 17.) . . . . Crepis L. . Fruits of two kinds, the inner differing from the outer. Involucral bracts mrmany tows, with scariou$ margins.” .. 2) “Une le oe, a, ey BE Bruits all alike. . . . 22 . Outer fruits tranversely enna or motes inner peace ae Debit == Species 20. Some of them are used medicinally. (Including Heter- achaena Fres., Microrhynchus Less., Rhabdotheca Cass., and Zollikoferia 2 Sealant a eye Launaea Cass. Outer and inner nits igiban re swith’ crenate ribs, the inner less deeply furrowed. Pappus-bristles falling away together. — Species 5. North and East Africa. Some are used as vegetables. (Picridium Loa) ah haar . . . . Reichardia Roth Fruits obscurely Hbbed? HAE or see re angular. Flowers red, violet, or white. Heads in racemes or panicles. — Species 2. Canary Islands and Socotra. . . . . . Prenanthes L. - Fruits distinctly ribbed. Flowers retain Salon. He 23 Fruits compressed. — Species 40. Some of them are dad as Sees Aiarum: medicine. “‘ Sowthistle.’”’”'” ~~: . . Sonchus L. Fruits terete or angular. — Species 7. North a South Africa and Madagascar. Some are used in medicine. ‘‘ Hawkweed.” Hieracium L. +. (26,) ARE (Lae Se ACH, DM: or LY DREI 25 26. 27. 28. Pappus absent. Receptacle g A or A shottly ER Flowers yellow. 29 . Receptacle entirely beset with long bristles. Pappus consisting of toothed or awned scales. Involucral bracts with a scarious appendage. — Species 5. North Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants. Catananche L. Receptacle glabrous or shortly ciliate, sometimes with some long bristles in the centre... . . 26 Involucral bracts hardened ag tea nee A. maeudtth: Blowers heat ee solitary ; flowers yellow. . . sfr 2ohe xt Adan vITL oo Involucral bracts not hardened at ae) un. tl 28 Fruits compressed, some of them winged. — oe > Nort Africa. ; Hyoseris L. Fruits terete, not winged. — Species 2. North Africa. (Under Leon- todon L.) . . . Hedypnois Schreb. Flowers yellow. Raeahicrat Berets See in length. Fruits 6—8- ribbed. Pappus of the inner fruits consisting of scales and bristles. — Species 12. North and Central Africa.. Some are used as ornamental Penis, sr. ...-.-« Tolpis Bivona, Flowers blue, red, or ln en adie unequal in length. Fruits 5-angled. Pappus consisting of short scales. — Species 6. North and Central Africa; one of the species also naturalized elsewhere, two of them 548 29. 30. 31. 32. 33- 34. 35. 36. 37: 226. COMPOSITAE only cultivated. The latter yield vegetables, salad, fodder for cattle, medicaments, and a substitute for coffee. ‘‘ Chicory.” Cichorium L. Involucral bracts hardened later on and enclosing the outer fruits. Fruits linear, the outer spreading. — Species 2. North Africa. Used as salad. in. \ . . . Rhagadiolus Juss. Involucral bracts neither Hard nor RE: the fruits. „7 Re Fruits linear, incurved at the top, spreading, the ribs beset with short prickles. — Species 1. North-west Africa (Algeria). Koelpinia Pall. Fruits oblong-ovate, rounded at the top, compressed, many-streaked, glabrous. — Species 1. North Africa, also naturalized in the Mascarene Islands. Yields salad and is used in medicine. (Lampsana Juss.) Lapsana L. (x.) Styles of the hermaphrodite flowers, at or somewhat below the point of division, thickened or provided with a ring of rather long hairs. Involucral bracts in several rows. [Tribes CYNAREAE and ARCTO- TIDEAE. ] Di 32 Styles of the ar kodits er dathen Fidoteenal nor mee uch a ring of long hairs at or below the point of division. . . . . . 67 Outer (ray-) flowers strap-shaped. Anthersnottailed. . . . . . 33 Outer flowers not strap-shaped. Anthers usually more or less distinctly failed: at a BO er 2 yaliewere ca Re Involucral bracts free, the inner scarious at the apex. Flower-heads solitary: oo. ER a ee ee. ue, rr Involucral bracts ki hele: [Subtribe GORTERINAE.] . . . . 35 Pappus formed of feathery bristles. Outer involucral bracts leaf-like and usually prickly. Leaves prickly. — Species 12. North Africa. One of the species yields gum and is used in medicine. . . Atraetylis L. Pappus formed of scales sometimes united into a small crown, or wanting. — Species 85. South and Central Africa. Some are used as orna- mental plants. (Including Arctotheca Wendl., Cryptostemma R. Br., Damatris Cass., Haplocarpha Less., Landtia Less., Microstephium Less., and -“Wersitltempolsess.) 3° rum. a OR Be . . . Aretotis L. Involucral bracts united at the base only. Recoptac with deep pits enclosing the fruits. . . . 30 Involucral bracts united to the EBEN or RE Rastpiacie with more or less shallow pits not enclosing the fruits. . . . . . . . + 38 Involucral bracts in two rows, the outer leaf-like and longer than the inner. Pappus of feathery-fringed scales Flower-heads solitary. Leaves. entire or prickly-toothed, often ciliate. — Species 5. South Africa. Didelta L’Her. Involucral bracts in 3 or more rows, prickly. Leaves prickly. . . . 37 Pappus formed of scales. — Species 80. South and Central Africa. Some are used medicinally, others are noxious weeds. (Crocodiloides Adans., including Stephanocoma Less. and Stobaea Thunb.) Berkheya Ehrh. 38. 39- 40. gl. 42. 43. 45. 46. 226. COMPOSITAE 549 Pappus wanting. Flower-heads erst Leaves undivided. — Species mee SOULE Africa, . -.; cw, = 0 GUREI Pty Eur Involucral bracts united at the Hae or up to halfway. Fruits clothed with long hairs. . . re: Involucral bracts united he up. a Se hatte se) Herbs. 40 Receptacle with deep pits. Pappus of two unequally long rows of scales. Herbs. — Species 7. Southand Central Africa. Berkheyopsis O. Hoffm. Receptacle with shallow pits. Pappus a small crown of bristles or wanting. Shrubs. — Species 3. South Africa. . . . . . Hirpieium Cass. Involucral bracts hardened and prickly at the time of maturity. Pappus formed of one-ranked scales or a, Fruits nearly glabrous. — Species 4. South Africa. . . iontl zur Gere L. Involucral bracts unchanged at en Pe formed of usually two-ranked scales. Fruits clothed with long hairs. — Species 35. South Africa and southern Central Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants. (Meridiana Hill). . . . « «. « « ~» Gazania Gaertn. (32.) Receptacle with scales between the flowers. Flower-heads collected in clusters. Flowers red or violet. Corolla-tube short. Leaves pinnately divided. [Subtribe GUNDELINAE.]. . «/ 42 Receptacle rarely with scales between the flowers, and Ben ee heads not in clusters. . . : ante Sx. TL alot re 4 Involucral bracts united Below Pus crown- Rape Leaves cauline, prickly.— Species 1. North Africa. . . ... . . » Gundelia L. Involucral bracts free. Pappus of unequal scales. Leaves radical. — Species 3. South and Central Africa. . . . . Platyearpha Less, Heads 1-flowered, collected in globose secondary heads. Partial in- volucres of many bracts and bristles. Flowers blue or white. Anthers tailed. Pappus present. Leaves toothed or divided. — Species 20. Central and North Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants. ‘‘ Globe- thistle.”” (Sphaerocephalus L.) . . . . . . Eehinops L. Heads several-flowered, rarely I-flowered but iat ER. in heads. . 44 . Fruits with a lateral or at least distinctly oblique point of attachment. [Subtribe CENTAUREINAE.| . . Me ie KG Fruits with a basal, straight or nearly er. He N SEERÄHOR EHE: ni Heads surrounded outside the calyx-like involucre by an involucre of leaves. Leaves prickly. Dr ee Heads without an outer involucre of iepen: sarily (Centaurea) dere by some unarmed leaves. . . 7 ye. = A Ge ZUE Pappus double, of two unequally ee rows of bristles. Fruits ribbed. Heads containing hermaphrodite and male flowers. Flowers yellow. — Species x. North Africa, also naturalized in South Africa. Used medicinally. (Carbenia Adans.) . . . . . . Cnieus Gaertn. Fappussimpleor wating. . 9. En Sk we Ae 550 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 93- 54: 226. COMPOSITAE Pappus of feathery bristles. Flowers blue, all hermaphrodite. -— Species 13. North Africa and northern East Africa. . . Carduneellus Juss. Pappus of not feathery bristles or scales, or wanting. — Species 15. North Africa and northern East Africa; two of the species also naturalized in South Africa. Some species (chiefly the safflower, C. tinctorius L.) yield dyes, oil, and medicaments. (Including Kentrophyllum Neck.) Carthamus L. Fruits with a threefold border towards the top. Pappus of scales and bristles. Heads containing hermaphrodite and neuter flowers. Flowers. white or yellow. Involucral bracts appendaged. Leaves undivided. — Species 1. North-east Africa (Egypt). . . . . . . Zoegea L, Fruits with a simple border atthetop. . . . : 49 Fruits with a crenate ring within the pappus, tree mere: of Rites and bristles. Heads containing hermaphrodite and neuter flowers. Flowers red. Involucral bracts unappendaged. Leaves pinnately divided into narrow segments. — Species I. North Africa.. . . Crupina Cass, Fruits without a crenate ring within the pappus, or without any pappus. 50 Involucral bracts with a scarious or prickly appendage, rarely without an appendage, and then pappus consisting of unequally long scales or double. — Species 90. North and Central Africa ; two of the species naturalized in South Africa. Several species yield edible roots or medica- ments or serve as ornamental plants. (Including Aegialophila Boiss. & Heldr., Amberboa DC., Leuzea DC., Melanoloma Cass., Microlonchus Cass., Phaeopappus Boiss., Rhaponticum Lam., and Volutarella Cass.) - Centaurea L. Involucral bracts without a scarious or prickly appendage, but sometimes with a small point.. Pappus of unequally long bristles. — pegs s North Africa. They yield dyes and medicaments. ‘“‘ Sawwort.’’ Serratula L. (44.) Fruits, at least the central ones, clothed with fe. hairs, not margined at the apex. [Subtribe CARLININAE.] . . ira (ote) an Fruits. glabrous, usually margined at the apex. [Subtribe CAR- DENAE These. ¢ oe SE . Pappus formed of Berg Be or een Al piste of the involucre leaf-like, usually prickly, inner scarious at the apex. Leaves prickly. 53 Pappus formed of not feathery scales. . . . Ree ae Inner involucral bracts spreading horizontally, Teale ee) Flow heads. large. — Species 7. North Africa. Some are used medicinally. Carlina L. Inner involucral bracts not spreading horizontally. Herbs. (See 34.) Atractylis L. Heads solitary, containing fertile hermaphrodite disc-flowers with a regular corolla and sterile female ray-flowers with a two-lipped corolla. Inner involucral bracts long, usually petal-like. Leaves entire, not prickly. — Species 2. North Africa. Used as ornamental plants. | Xeranthemum L. £ | 55- 58. 59: 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 226. COMPOSITAE 551 Heads containing only fertile hermaphrodite flowers. Involucral bracts prickly. Leaves toothed or divided, prickly. . . . ma Receptacle deeply pitted. Anthers not tailed. (See 37.) Botkhays Ehrh. Receptacle not pitted. Anthers tailed. Heads arranged in cymes. — Species 1. North Africa. Used medicinally. (Broteroa Willd.) Cardopatium Juss. . (51.) Filaments united. Flowers red. Leaves white-stained, prickly. 37 Filamentsfree. . . ter ee . Heads panicled; the BER N RE «the outer neuter. Pappus-bristles feathery. — Species 3. North Africa. (Lupsia Neck.) Galactites Neck. Heads solitary ; all flowers hermaphrodite. Pappus-bristles not feathery. — Species 2. North Africa; one of the species also naturalized in South Africa. Used as vegetables and in medicine. Silybum Gaertn. Filaments warty or hairy. Leaves usually a tet eerie ae SE Filaments glabrous. . . Je bg Receptacle deeply pitted, ene ee — Bei 9. aniosths Africa. Onopordon L. _ Receptacle slightly or not pitted, bristly. . . . . . .. . =. 60 60. Receptacle fleshy. Flower-heads large, solitary. Leaves divided. — Species 6. North Africa; one species (C. Scolymus L., artichoke) only cultivated. They are used as vegetables and in medicine. (Including Muar, Kize) . a ae ee le ve Cynara ds Receptacle not fleshy. . . . NET: Pappus-bristles feathery. — Sn ra N pan wt Central Africa. Some are used as vegetables and in medicine. (Cnicus L., including Chamae- peuce DC., Notobasis Cass., and Picnomon DC) . . . Cirsium Scop. Pappus-bristles not feathery. — Species 20. North and East Africa. NT Carduus L. Receptacle deeply pitted, ciliate only at the edges of the pits. Pappus of scales. Involucral bracts united at the base. Flowers yellow. Anthers PREC te aE ONE EERE Ee eee ee me REED. RI Receptacle not or slightly pitted, bristly. Pappusof bristles. . . . 64 Involucral bracts in two rows, the outer the longer. (See 36.) Sa Didelta L’ Her. Involucral bracts in 3 or more rows, nie Leaves prickly. (See Sc bes . . . Berkheya Ehrh. Involucral Bets reer in Insel awns. SE in racemes. Leaves undivided, unarmed. Herbs. — Species ı. North Africa. Yields oil and medicaments. “ Burdock.” (Lappa Juss.). . Aretium L. Involucral bracts without hookedawns. . . ity cabs tne, Pappus-bristles in one row, not feathery, Achter el Flowers red. He ids narrow, in corymbs. Leaves undivided, unarmed, Undershrubs. — Species I. North-west Africa. Used medicinally. Staehelina L Pappus-bristles in several rows, rough or feathery. . . . . + 5 66 552 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 7: 72. 73: 74. 75- 226. COMPOSITAE Pappus-bristles rough. Leaves unarmed. Flowers red. — Species I. North "Altea 7. 1.2 FASER RBB 100) +s 001 7 Pappus-bristles feathery. Leaves prickly. (See 61.) . . Cirsium Scop. (31.) Anthers tailed, i.e., produced at the base into two acuminate, awned, or ciliate appendages. . . 2 oie Anthers not tailed : entire, ae or ER ah shortly mucronate apie base... . = wu! «© har ei ists Corolla of the hermaphrodite flowers irregular, more or less 2-lipped. 69 Corolla of the hermaphrodite flowers, at least of the inner ones, regular. 71 Style-branches hairy at the top only. Pappus of scales and _ bristles. Heads containing only hermaphrodite flowers. Herbs. — Species 3. Central and South Africa. . . . . Pegolettia Cass. Style-branches hairy far down or rohe biel whole length. Pappus of bristles. Flower-heads solitary. [Tribe MUTISIEAE, subtribe MUTISINAL.] u DER ; | il Heads with all the flowers pe tae on — Se I. Mada- BueCdt.. 4. . . . Cloiselia S. Moore Heads with the inner Homers hemapieadite and the outer female. Herbs. — Species 30. Southern and tropical Africa. Some are used as orna- mental plants. (Including Perdicium L.) . . . Gerbera Gronov. Corolla-limb of the hermaphrodite flowers deeply divided. tae MUT- ISIEAE, subtribe GOCHNATINAE.] . . «fee Corolla-limb of the hermaphrodite flowers toothed or ee more rarely flowers unisexual. [Tribes INULEAE and CALENDULEAE.] . 78 Style’hairy in the upper part, unappendaged. Fruits clothed with long silky hairs. Pappus of several rows of bristles. Heads solitary, large ; all flowers hermaphrodite. Shrubs. Leaves pinnately cleft. — Species i. GEER ATTICA. 4 v0, . . Warionia Benth. & Coss. Style appendaged above the bates Hart or without hairs.. . . thane Pappus none. Fruits with 5 ribs thickened above, hairy. Re with scales between the flowers. Heads with hermaphrodite and male flowers. Anthers with an appendage at the apex. Herbs. — Species 2, Mastesiricd te.) tae: . . . . Achyrothalamus O. Hoffm. Pappus consisting of ate py or bake te (eee o> er Receptacle with scales between the flowers. Flowers all hermaphrodite, but the corollas sometimes of two kinds. Fruits glabrous. Pappus of 4—5 deciduous scales. Herbs. Fiower-heads solitary. — Species TaGentral, Africa, "sn Hoc” pelea Erythrocephalum Benth. Receptacle without scales. . . . re Ye Receptacle pitted, with toothed N to the a Corolla of the marginal flowers strap-shaped. Fruits hairy. Pappus of several rows of scales. Herbs. Flower-heads solitary. — Species 2. Central Africa. (Phyl- lactinia Benth.) . . . . Pasaeeardoa O. Ktze. Receptacle without pits boothed at tee elses cid PR iio ———— a 76. 77: 226. COMPOSITAE 553 Involucral bracts blunt. Flowers all hermaphrodite. Pappus of several rows of bristles. — Species 13. Central Africa. . . Pleiotaxis Steetz Involucral bracts pointed. . . . il ieee: AE Heads with all the flowers ke but the er flowers with a 2-lipped corolla. Fruits hairy. Pappus of feathery bristles. Shrubs with thick branches. Leaves leathery. Heads very large, red-flowered. — Species 3. South Africa. eit val} Oldenburgia Less. Heads either with all the flowers hensiaplnodses and equal-shaped, or with neuter marginal flowers. Leaves herbaceous. — Species 35. Tropical and South Africa. Some species are used medicinally. (Including Brachyachaenium Bak. and Hochstetteria DC.) . . . Dicoma Cass. 78. (71.) Receptacle bearing chaffy scales between the flowers, at least towards themargm. . . a tO Receptacle without Sr en He rp ae glabrous 0 or ae eee sy | 79. Heads with all the flowers hermaphrodite. . . . . , 80 Heads with the central flowers hermaphrodite or ate the ad femaleorneuter. . . he trehgle init a De cies 80. Pappus of 3—4 minute een or ring- Wee or Boba ie Als) gtr. oe Pappus of bristles or lacerated scales. . . . sited. eee 81. Fruits slightly flattened. Involucral bracts scarious. F peas heads col- lected in compound heads. — Species 3. East Africa. . Polyeline Oliv. Fruits 4-angled. Involucral bracts united below, hardening after the time of flowering. Flower-heads solitary, terminal. — Species 3. North PRIPIGA sph re> 10)-),< «ja eee ly see Gold 4) SPEER TI 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. Pappus of 5 erated alte Heads in corymbs. Leaves mostly 3-lobed, — Species I. Southern West Africa (Damaraland). Eenia Hiern & Moore Pappus of bristles. . . heran te elirkellean bee Pappus-bristles in two rows, Br feathery. Fruits hairy. Involucral bracts pungent. Heath-like shrubs. — Species 1. South Africa. Lachnospermum Willd. Pappus-bristles in one row. Involucral bracts scarious. Not heath-like Dlatitss a ee Pars ain. 84 Pappus-bristles en we wus ree — etic, i South Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants. se» «| Helipterum DC. Pappus-bristles feathery only at the tip or not feathery. — Species 300. Some of them are used as medicinal or ornamental plants (‘ ever- lastings ”). (Elichrysum Gaertn., including Aphelexis Don). Helichrysum Gaertn. (79.) Corolla of the marginal flowers strap-shaped. . . . . . . 86 Corolla of the marginal flowers thread-shaped. . . . i hs SO Style-branches of the hermaphrodite flowers blunt or REN with the marginal rows of stigmatic papillae confluent at the tip. Disc-flowers hermaphrodite, fertile, yellow; ray-flowers yellow or white. [Tribe INULEAE, subtribe BUPHTHALMINAE.]. 6 6 « nasse 782 554 87. 88. 89. 90. QI. 93. 94. 95: 96. 97: 226. COMPOSITAE Style-branches of the hermaphrodite flowers usually truncate ; marginal rows of stigmatic papillae not confluent at thetip.. . . . . . 97 Pappusabsent. .. -. -. ; po", 0, Saige Pappus present, at least upon ‚hei inner emit PaCS) 18 RS Involucral bracts united at the base. Scales on the receptacle broad. (See GEMS ‘ SEIT A Involucral bracts free. SR: a the receptacle very narrow. — Species 2. Central Africa. . . . . . . Astephania Oliv. Pappus cup-shaped. EN: eee — Species 12. Sphacophyllum Boj. Pappus of scales or bristles.. . . 90 Inner fruits with. a pappus of fester beit onnvar withelt a pauper Receptacle bearing scalesat the margin only.— Species 3. North Africa, Rhanterium Desf. Inner and outer fruits with a pappus of scales or of scales and bristles. gı Pappus of the central fruits consisting of outer scales and inner bristles. Receptacle bearing scales at the margin only. Fruits 1o-ribbed. Shrubs. —- Species 1. -South-west Africa (Kalahari). Philyrophyllum O. Hoffm. Pappus -of all fruits consisting of scales, rarely (Anisopappus) of scales intermingled with some bristles... . . . 2 Ups 11 WSIREEEE . Involucral bracts with a large scarious ‘pandas: Heads solitary..— Species I: German South-west Africa. . . . Ondetia Benth. Involucral bracts without a scarious appendage. . . A os Involucral bracts leathery. Corolla of the Henenatshncliee Aötyehs deeply 5-cleft. Heads in-cymes. — Species 20. South and-Central Africa. | Geigeria Griesselich Involucral bracts herbaceous or membranous. Corolla of the hermaphrodite flowers 5-toothed. Sar aang 2 © Corolla-tube of the eee Rowe art hrs than the limb, corky. Marginal fruits winged. Flower-heads solitary, with an outer involucre of mucronate leaves. — Species 1. North Africa. Pallenis Cass. Corolia-tube of the spice flowers not thickened, narrower than the ELEM? Ga ee SF a Te ne ts ee Outer and inner truits alike, many- abet Pape Pets unequal. Heads in leafy corymbs. Herbs. — Species 6. Central Africa. Anisopappus Hook. & Arn. ‘Outer and inner fruits dissimilar. Heads solitary, terminal. . . . 96 Inner fruits conspicuously compressed. Pappus of a few very unequal scales. Herbs. — Species 5. South Africa. *. . . Callilepis DC. Inner fruits scarcely compressed. Pappus of many subequal scales.-— — Species 13. North and Central Africa. O. pygmaeum O. Hotfm. is one of the hygroscopic eri called “ rose of Jericho.” (Asteriscus Moench) . j . . . . . Odontospermum Neck. (86.) Pappus hg, Sr: PATENTE OO OIE CS Pappus present mai 1. a YL SE AU Erle SIDE Dr 226. COMPOSITAE 555 98.Scales between the flowers bristle-like. Leaves small, pungent, nearly glabrous. — Species 1. South Africa. . . . . Arrowsmithia DC. Scales between the flowers not bristle-like. Leaves glandular-hairy. — Species 2. South Africa. Used medicinally. Osmitopsis Cass. (99. Pappus of the inner fruits formed of scales sometimes united into a small crown. 3 . 100 Pappus of the inner tate sauna of iste or of Sales ans rat I0I 100. Involucral bracts in few rows. Style-branches truncate. Undershrubs. — Species 8. South Africa. Some are used medicinally. . . Osmites L Involucral bracts in many rows, — Species 20. South Africa. Relhania L’Heér. ror. Pappus of the inner fruits consisting of many scales and two awns. Shrubs. ne epeeies2. South Africa, °°. 27, . . . Rosenia Thunb. Pappus of the inner fruits consisting of Ye bristles sometimes intermingled with scales. Herbs or undershrubs. — Species 7. South, North, and East Africa. Some are used medicinally. Leyssera L. 102. (85.) Heads collected in glomerules, heads, or spikes. Female marginal flowers usually numerous. [Tribe INULEAE, subtribe FILAGININAE.] 103 Heads solitary or in cymes, corymbs, or panicles. Female marginal flowers-few. Involucral bracts scarious or ending in a coloured append- age. Pappus of the central fruits formed of bristles. . . . . . IIO 103. Marginal or all fruits without apappus. Herbs. . . . . 104 ek o> at least ae inner ones, or all fruits provided with a pappus. 106 104. Scales on the receptacle tightly enclosing the marginal fruits. Corolla of the female flowers inserted laterally upon the ovary. Herbs. — Species 2. North Africa. : . eres RAR TETIBISHODURT In Scales on the receptacle not enclosing the fruits: dp pic Rega: Os 105. Central fruits without a pappus. Heads in compound fae Herbs. — “ Species 7. North Africa. (Including Evacidium Pomel) Evax Gaertn. Central fruits with a pappus of feathery bristles. Heads in glomerules or in spikes. Leaves linear. — Species 10. South and North Africa. (ineludine Trichogyne Less.) ©. (Pa 4 1s ve ie «Moga Cass. 106. Pappus of the central fruits consisting of scales, that of the marginal ones of scales and bristles. Heads in glomerules. Glabrous herbs. — Species 1. North Africa... . . . ... Gymnarrhena Desf. Pappus of all fruits consisting of ne a I a OS Rane aR eke! 87, 107. Stem herbaceous, woolly orcottony. . . . . +. » + « + 108 Stem woody, atleast atthebase. . . . . . . par, AOS 108. Stem winged. Pappus of all fruits formed of one or two rows of bristles. — Species 1. Madagascar and Mauritius. (Monenteles Labill.) Pterocaulon Ell. 556 109. IIO. DET. TI2. Ei: 114. II5. II6. 119. 118. 119. I20. 226. COMPOSITAE Stem not winged. — Species 13. North Africa, Abyssinia, and Cape Verde Islands. (Including Logfia Boiss. and Xerotium Bluff & Fing.) Filago L Leaves hairy. Heads in glomerules. Female flowers in several rows. Shrubs. — Species 1. Island of Mauritius. . . Cylindrocline Cass. Leaves glabrous. Heads in compound heads or in spikes. Female flowers few. — Species 7. Central Africa. . Blepharispermum Wight (102.) Heads containing 3—6 female and ı—2 fertile hermaphrodite flowers and collected in dense cymes arranged in panicles. Undershrubs. — Species 9. Tropical and South-east Africa. . . Achyroeline Less. Heads containing fewer female than hermaphrodite flowers. . . . III Hermaphrodite flowers sterile, the inner not subtended by scales. Shrubs. II2 Hermaphrodite flowers fertile. . . . N Female flowers in the axils of the outer RE Htadie and separated from the hermaphrodite flowers by two rows of inner involucral bracts. — Species 1. South Africa. . . . . . ~ Petalactella N. E. Brown Female flowers in the axils of the inner involucral bracts. Pappus-bristles thickened or penicillate at the apex. — Species 1. South Africa. Petalacte Don Scales between the flowers long, deciduous. Shrubs. — Species 3. Tropical and South-east Africa. (Including Rhynea DC.) Cassinia R. Br. Scales between the flowers short, persistent. (See 84.) Helichrysum Gaertn. (78.) Flowers dioecious. Trees or shrubs. BR INULEAE, subtribe TABCHONANTHINAE. Is a, wo En EEE Flowers hermaphrodite, polygamous, or monoecious, ara (Anaphalis) subdioecious, but then herbs. . . . : i) +a Involucral bracts of the male heads in one row, salted below, of the female in two rows. Pappus none. — Species 3. South and Central Africa. They yield timber and medicaments. Tarehonanthus L. Involucral bracts in several rows. Pappusofbristles. . . . . . 16 Pappus-bristles in one row. Heads in fascicles. — Species 3. Mada- pasctar. » ; . . . . Synehodendron Boj. Pappus-bristles in eae rows. pas in racemes or panicles. — Species Io. Southern and Tropical Africa. Some species yield timber. Brachylaena R. Br. Inner flowers hermaphrodite but sterile (male). . . . . . . . 118 Inner flowers hermaphrodite and fertile. . . . . . . . . .. 134 Corolla of the outer flowersstrap-shaped.. . . . . . . . « 119 Corolla of the outer flowers thread-shaped. . . 2. Bay Pappus consisting of bristles. Shrubs. — ra, South ee Macowania Oliv. Pappus wanting. . . N a Receptacle beset with many Bub prieties iter rides compressed. Shrubs. Leaves pungent. (See 98.) . . . . Arrowsmithia DC. I2I. I22. I2B; 125. 126. 129. 130. 226, COMPOSITAE 557 Receptacle glabrous, rarely bearing some bristles; in this case fruits. turgid. [Tribe CALENDULEAE.] . . mee: Lee Marginal fruits of several kinds. Heads solitary, eee sliced, Herbs. ne na tanken amt nen 3a Marginal fruitsallalike. . . . 228 Fruits curved. Heads medium- a tes 18; sMomils shee South Africa and Cape Verde Islands, some also naturalized in St. Helena, and one species naturalized in the extratropical regions. Some are used as ornamental plants (marigold) or yield medicaments and a substitute eier ie oe ree ee . . Calendula L. Fruits straight. Heads small. — Species 3. South Africa. (Including 1 D 0%) ek wk ine kat $y Oleocamus:Less. Fruits with 3 wings and a cupular cal appendage. Involucral bracts in one row. — Species 35. South and Central Africa. Tripteris Less. Fruits without distinct wings or other appendages. . . . 124 . Involucral bracts in one row or nearly so. Fruits 3-angled, a tuber- cled. Heads solitary. Herbs or undershrubs. — Species 20. South Africa to Angola. Some are used as ornamental plants. Dimorphotheea Moench Involucral bracts in 2 or more rows. Marginal flowers yellow. Fruits thick and hard, smooth or indistinctly ribbed. — Species 60. South and Central Africa. (Including Gibbaria Cass.) . Osteospermum L. (118.) Heads of two kinds; one kind with nearly all the flowers male, the other with nearly all female. Pappus of free bristles. Woolly or cottony herbs. Heads in corymbs. —- Species 1. Madagascar. Anaphalis DC. Headsiallalike. . . . . THEMEN ort eee, BRUT eb Female flowers in one row. ee bracts scarious, all or the inner petal-like. Pappus of bristles. Cottony shrubs or undershrubs. . 127 Female flowers in several rows. reg a Pros . Heads large, solitary. — ind I. South Africa. U aus as an ornamental ities. ee Phaenocoma Don Heads small, in ae cymes. — are y South Africa. Anaxeton Cass . Pappus consisting of bristles. . . . el «a Mila lect ting SEE Pappus wanting, at least in the marginal fate abe mgs es es Heads in glomerules arranged in corymbs. Shrubs. — sae 3. Mada- gascar and Mascarenes. . . . . . . Monarrhenus Cass. Heads solitary or in panicles or cory fone ike. hos ails ogi eh Involucral bracts narrow. Herbs. — Species 15. Tropical and South Africa. Some species yield camphor and medicaments. (Placus Lour.) Blumea DC. Involucral bracts broad. Shrubs or undershrubs, rarely herbs. — Species 15. Tropics. Some are used medicinally. (Including Tecmarsis DC.) Pluchea Cass. 132. 133. 134. 135. 136. 137. 138. 139. 140. 141. 142: 226. COMPOSITAE . Inner fruits with a pappus of feathery bristles, outer without a pappus. . . ee Nast KR a ee Inner anderes cken ede pS oe ee Heads in glomerules. Involucral bracts scarious. Corétta! re of the female flowers shortly toothed.. Pappus-bristles 2—6. — Species 6. Tropical and South Africa. (Including Demidium DC.) Amphidoxa DC. Heads in corymbs. Involucral bracts scarious only at the edges, subequal. Corolla-limb of the female flowers two-cleft. Pappus-bristles r—2. — Species 2. South and Central Africa. . . . . Denekia Thunb. Heads arranged in cymes. — Species 3. Central and South Africa. ‘(Including Litogyne Harv.) Sin.) wD. Ss pallies Case Heads collected in compound heads. — Species 25. Tropical and South Africa and Egypt. Some species are used medicinally. Sphaeranthus L. (117.) Style-branches of the hermaphrodite flowers stigmatose within, hairy outside from the tips downwards to below the point of division. 135 Style-branches of the hermaphrodite flowers stigmatose at the edges, hairy only in-their npiper parti i) ahiall „visita Ba Heads with all the flowers hermaphrodite. . . i Age Heads with the inner flowers hermaphrodite or ate. sie sehen female. 138 Pappus wanting; fruits with an indistinctly cupular margin at the apex. Heads small, I—4-flowered, arranged in corymbs. Shrubs. — Species 2. Madagascar. . . . 2.2... Apodocephala Bak. Pappus present. Heads medium- EN er a; Fruits hairy. Pappus of scales. Receptacle bristly. Heads sessile. Undershrubs. — Species 1. Southern West Africa (Angola). (Under Geigeria Griesselich). . . . . . . Thysanurus O. Hoffm. Fruits glabrous. Pappus of SERS Receptacle glabrous. Heads ‘stalked. Shrubs. — Species 5. Madagascar.. . . Centauropsis Boj. Corolla of the female (marginal) flowers strap-shaped. Receptacle pitted. Outer involucral bracts mucronate. Fruits hairy. Pappus of several rows of bristles. Shrubs. Heads solitary, yellow-flowered. — Species I. South-west Africa (Namaland). Eremothamnus O. Hoffm. Corolla ot the female (marginal) flowers thread-shaped. [Tribe INULEAE, subtribe »PLUCHEINAR;]v =. bate: we Fer ge wd eae Wer» Pappus wanting. . . eo Pappus present, at least in the ee ats (central fan ers: oho: Se Heads arranged incymes. (See133.). . . . .. Epaltes Cass: Heads collected in compound heads. (See 1 ae . . . Sphaeranthus L. Inner fruits with a pappus of 1—5 bristles, outer without a pappus. 142 Inner and outer fruits provided witha pappus. . . ae Pappus of 1—2 bristles feathery at the tip. Corolla- 1k Pr the female flowers 2-cleft. Heads in corymbs. (See 132.) Denekia Thunb. Pappus of 3—5 simple bristles. Corolla-limb of the female flowers 4—5-cleft. Heads solitary. — Species I. East Africa. Delamerea S. Moore a 145. 146. 147. 148. 149. 150. 151. 152. 153. 154. 155. 226. COMPOSITAE 559 . Pappus of scales united into a small crown. Heads in compound heads collected in heads of the third order. — Species 1. East Africa. Triplocephalum ©. Hoffm. -Pappus of bristles or of scales and bristles.» . . . Ring BRE - Pappus of scales and bristles. Fruits hairy. Hess in ane panicles, red-flowered. — Species 2. Central Africa. . Porphyrostemma Grant Sees)! ola tar tee pages do werent 4G Female flowers in one row. Inner involucral bracts membranous. Heads in leafy panicles. Undershrubs. — Species 1. Southern West Africa (Damaraland). (Under Pluchea Cass.) Pechuel-Loeschea O. Hoffm. Female flowers in several rows. . bahn th TAB Fruits compressed. Pappus of 3 ER Bad sete or few to- gether. Undershrubs. — Species 4. Central Africa. Nicolasia S. Moore Fruits terete or angular. . . althel oto Jacstoval:- 347 Heads in glomerules arranged in gene Shrubs. (See 129.) Monarrhenus Cass. Heads solitary or in paniclesorcorymbs. . . . « . (4 +‘ .|. 148 Involucral bracts narrow. Herbs. (See130.) . . . Blumea DC. Involucral bracts broad. Shrubs or undershrubs, rarely herbs. (See 1°30 9) ae A $yo¢aye>| > Pluachea,: Cass. (134.) Sei plänches i the Hermapihmnite flowers blunt or rounded ; marginal rows of stigmatic papillae confluent at the apex. Female (marginal) flowers with a strap-shaped corolla, rarely with a tubular one or wanting. [Tribe INULEAE, subtribe INULINAE.]| . .... I50 Style-branches of the hermaphrodite flowers usually truncate ; marginal rows of stigmatic papillae not confluent attheapex. . . . . . 166 Pappus ae Heads me Herbs. — Species 3. West wtticald. ...(v. . » «+ Mollera O. Hoffm. Pappus of scales or Bint or hal both, iP) oa BBE ose Are BSE Pappusofscales. . . Tea rer ER Pappus of bristles or of ae te atid Bite anh cn tioe(l= u Pappus-scales 3—5. Heads with all the flowers TER arranged in panicles. Climbing shrubs. — Species 1. South Africa. Anisochaeta DC. Pappus-scales 10. Heads in leafy wi Herbs. — Species 4. Central and South-west Africa. , . . . « Calostephane Benth. Pappus of sometimes feathery ED ST... (Beilirh ungen sarley- 194 Pappus of scales and bristles. . . . Spine «Loe Ray-flowers white, blue, or red. Pappus- Rees in sev Bat rows. Shrubs. —Species 7. South Africa. Some are used pied Printzia Cass. Ray-flowers yellow or wanting. . . . 155 Ray-flowers sterile. Receptacle pitted. Baunne- es in m rows. Undershrubs. — Species 1. South Africa. . . Cypselodontia DC. Reeilowersifertile 344 . einen la and boon so el array I E50 560 156. 157. 158. 159. 160. ror. 162. 163. 164. 165. 166. 167. 226. COMPOSITAE Pappus of two or more rows of bristles, the outer of which are shorter. 157 Pappus of seater bristles sometimes intermingled with a few shorter ones. (HERAN ' ee ° Pappus-bristles in 3 or more rows. Head ont race — Species 10. Tropical and South Africa and Egypt. . . . . Iphioma® Cass; Pappus-bristles in 2 rows FR ees Pappus of 5 inner and 10 outer briskloa Head without ray-flowers. Shrubs. — Species 1. South Africa. . . . Anisothrix O. Hoffm. Pappus of ro inner and 10 outer bristles. Heads with ray-flowers. Under- shrubs. — Species I. South Africa. . . . . Minurothamnus DC. Heads few-flowered, without ray-flowers, arranged in panicles or corymbs. Involucre of few bracts. — Species 2. Egypt. (Under /phiona Cass.) Varthemia DC. Heads many-flowered. Involucre of many bracts. . . . . . . 160 Involucral bracts leathery, the outer sticky at the tip. Heads with ray- flowers, solitary. Pappus-bristles in one row. Glandular-hairy shrubs. — Species I. South Africa. . . . . . Homochaete Benth. Involucral bracts herbaceous or the inner scarious.— Species 30. Some of them yield vermin-poison or are used in medicine. (Including Bojeria DC., Pentatrichia Klatt, Schizogyne Cass., and Vicoa Cass.) Inula L. Pappus-scales united;belowr: x ra ae ee 0 tes > Pappus-scales free. . . . ») A a Pappus-bristles about 5. owls habkinsik Aawiers achtet Heads in corymbs. Shrubs. — Species 2. Canary Islands. Allagopappus Cass. Pappus-bristles 7 or more. Female marginal flowers present. Heads solitary at the ends of the branches. Herbs. — Species 30. Some of them yield vermin-poison or are used in medicine. (Including Fran- coeuria Cass.) . . . . . Puliearia Gaertn. Pappus-scales rather easel REN uit 10- en Heads without ray-flowers. Herbs. (See 69.). . . . . . . Pegolettia Cass. Pappus-scales very narrow. . . Be Ei. Fruits constricted into a short dass IO- BR RENG Heads without ray- flowers. Shrubs. Leaves pinnately divided. — Species 3. North Africa. (Under Grantia Boiss.). . . . . . . Perralderia Coss. Fruits not constricted above. Heads withray-flowers.. . . . . 165 Fruits 4—5-ribbed. Pappus-bristles 5—10. Shrubs. — Species I. Ca- ery Tlands: >. . aan 6, ee tee 1 Fruits many-ribbed. Pappus-bristles numerous. Undershrubs. — Species I. North-west Africa... . . „0 1. 0 Sasonia\-Cass. (149.) Female or neuter marginal flowers sol a strap-shaped corolla. 167 Female or neuter marginal flowers with a thread-shaped corolla or wanting. [Tribe INULEAE, subtribes GNAPHALINAE and RELHANINAE.] . 176 Leaves grooved or rolled inwards on the upper side, small. Heath-like plants. [Tribe INULEAE, subtribe RELHANINAE.]. . . . . 168 Leaves flat or rolled back from the margins. Not heath-like plants. . 172 168. 170. III. 172. 173. 174. 175. 176. 177. 178. 179. 226. COMPOSITAE 561 Heads one-flowered, some hermaphrodite, the others female, or 2-flowered with a hermaphrodite and a female or neuter flower. Pappus of feathery bristles united at the base. Shrubs. — Species 8. South Africa. Disparago Gaertn. Heads many-flowered. . . . . ee Oe RR : " . Pappus wanting. Shrubs. — Führen 2. South Africa. a DC. RUE AYE!) wr we Er vB BPSL Urt: BERGER ORTEN RE SEE al, 2) mie TR 1, ; Pappus of numerous scales sometimes united below. — Species 13. South Afrieanıı si; 67 2) ORO LAL pee ee ieee ey ieatless. Spreng: Pappus of tipieeed. allg ea, SQA le eer Tis, cea Pappus-bristles feathery. Shrubs. — Species 5. South Africa. Amphiglossa DC. Pappus-bristles simple. Herbs. Flowers red. — Species I. South Africa. Be Pg ee) Sa PER WBLYOTNOTDND. Ti. Pappus wanting. Inner fruits compressed. Heads solitary. Herbs or undershrubs. (See 124.) . . . . . Dimorphotheca Moench Pappus present. [Tribe INULEAE, subtribe ATHRIXINAE.]. . . 173 Pappus of the outer fruits consisting of scales, of the inner of bristles or of scales and bristles. Fruits glabrous. Herbs or undershrubs. fee TOE.) . = aon a Sines ae ie. a. + ae eR ecg Pappus consisting of ale es rece Le KR SE: Involucral bracts narrow, acuminate. Herbs or undershrubs. — Species 252: Southern and tropical Africa:, 5 =... .. . Atbrixia Ker Involucral bracts blunt, scarious at the apex. Pappus-bristles in two rows. Shrubs. a te fe REE PT eae ame iyi Fruits hairy. Pappus-bristles thick and stiff. Involucre hemispherical. — Species 3. South Africa. . . . . . . +. Heterolepis Cass. Fruits glabrous, but with a hairy swelling at the base. Pappus-bristles thin. Involucre ae — Species 3. Central and BOuRMMAMmICAN EN. ER di nhosh.? Wi Anlithrixia, DC. (166.) Hermaphrodite flowers fewer than the female. . . . . .177 Hermaphrodite flowers as many as or more than the female, or all flowers hermaphrodite. ETHISCHE WIR ag . 184 Fruits without a pappus. Heads small, in dense cymes. "Tall herbs. — Species 1. East Africas. . . . . . ~~ Chiliocephalum Benth. Fruits, at least the inner, crowned byapappus.. . . . . . . 178 Inner fruits with a pappus of feathery bristles, outer without a pappus. Heads small, in glomerules. Low herbs. (See 132.) Amphidoxa DC. Inner and outer fruits crowned byapappus.. . . . . 179 Pappus of the inner fruits of bristles and united scales, that FY the outer only of scales united below. Heads solitary. Herbs. — Species I. ast, Africa, .< .. . . . . Artemisiopsis S. Moore Pappus of all fruits a er SE ps dr 1 SS Spee ee 2N 562 180. 181. 182. 183. 187. 188. 189. 190. 191. 192. 193. 226. COMPOSITAE Pappus-bristles feathery. Heads in glomerules. Herbs. — Species: 2. South and North Africa. oh eye ee. oe Baslone nen aa Pappus-bristies not feathery. . "27. 9, se Te Fruits with a long beak. Herbs. Leaves radical or opposite. Heads- solitary. — Species r. Island of Tristan da Cunha. Chevreulia Cass. Fruits without a beak. . . . ; 0A Tit Sa anes Heads 4—8-flowered, eplindeitely in ER cymes arranged in panicles. Undershrubs. (See IIo.) . . . . . „ Achyroecline Less. Heads many-flowered, hemispherical sve orcampanulate. . . . 183 Anthers very shortly tailed. Shrubs or undershrubs. Heads solitary or in long-stalked glomerules. — Species 15. North and Central Africa. Phagnalon Cass. Anthers distinctly tailed. Herbs. — Species 50. ‘‘ Cudweed.” Gnaphalium L. (176.), Headsit-flowered, io op .,7,5%% ab Vue Up. „Fo Heads 2- or more -flowered. Aig TU OT EN a Oe . Flowers partly hermaphrodite, partly female. Pages of feathery bristles. Heads in glomerules. Shrubs. (See 168.) Disparago Gaertn. Flowers all hermaphrodite... . . Me . Pappus wanting. Heads in BE Shrubs. — Species 2. South eimai. ast 13 coe a we ee Na oe SS, ME CRO Pappus formed af DEE ee a ote 5 ened er Pappus-bristles feathery. Inner involucral bracts scarious. Heath-like shrubs. — Species 35. Southern and tropical Africa. . . Stoebe L. Pappus-bristles feathery only at the apex or not feathery. Involucral’ bracts scarious, coloured. Heads in panicled cymes. Herbs. — Species 12. Madagascar, Mauritius, and South Africa to Damaraland. Some are used medicinally. eet . . . | Stenoeline DC, Pappus wanting. Heads 2—3-flowered, in rid epi Sais . |) at eae Pappus formed of bristles. . . . er TOO Leaves small. Undershrubs. — A I. en Syneephalum DC. Leaves rather large. Shrubs. Involucre woolly at the base. — Species I. Madagascar. . . . 2... Astephanocarpa Bak. Pappus-bristles jeächent: fin tHe bare. parce .) ss ee Pappus-bristles feathery at the tip only or not lee my Heads 2—10-flowered. Heath-like shrubs. — Species 3. South Africa. Pterothrix DC. Heads many-flowered. Involucral bracts scarious, coloured. Not heath- like plants. (See 84.) yo. 3... 1). 9.5... Helipteramiaiee Pappus-bristles in 1 row... "us! ane Dae Se) ee Pappus-bristles in 2 or more rows. ; SSR Pappus-bristles with bladdery infeed cds at the pie Heads small, in glomerules. Prostrate herbs. — Species 1. South Africa. Eriosphaera Less. Pappus-bristles without bladdery inflated cells. . . . 2... IQ4: 194. 195. T96. 197. 198. 199. 200. 20I. 202. 203. 204. 205. 226. COMPOSITAE 563 Habit heath-like. Shrubs. Leaves small, grooved or rolled inwards on the upper face. Flowersallhermaphrodite. . . . . . . 195 Habit not heath-like . . . rial: x Pappus-bristles feathery at the Ben ne a hs bie aa surrounded by a ring- or cup-shaped rim. Heads few-flowered. — Species 7. South Africa. Some are used medicinally. . . . . Elytropappus Cass. Pappus-bristles simple or thickened at the tip. Inner involucral bracts coloured above. — Species 25. South Africa. . . Metalasia R. Br. Fruits large, with 8S—ıo prominent ribs, glabrous or short-haired. Heads 2—6-flowered, in panicled cymes. Herbs. (See 187.) Stenoeline DC. Fruits small), not prominently 8—ıo-ribbed. (See 84.) Helichrysum Gaertn. Pappus-bristles in 2 rows. Heath-likeshrubs. . . . ik, Sipe it 08 Pappus-bristles in 3 or more rows. Not heath-like DR or under- SONS: .,.. a EEE OME 2 techs Heads few- oe Involucre oblong, of oblong bracts. Receptacle glabrous. Fruits ribbed. Leaves oblong. — Species 1. Madagascar. Cullumiopsis Drake Heads many-flowered. Involucre top-shaped, of linear bracts. Recep- tacle bristly at the margin. Fruits angular, hairy. Leaves linear. Be. 6. ltl we ee eg Lachnospermum Willd, Fruits beaked, hairy. Heads few-flowered. Inner involucral bracts yellow. — Species I. South Africa. . . . . Paehyrhynehus DC. Fruits not beaked, glabrous. Heads in cymes. — Species 8. South Erich... Pobre ‚STESOHWHYE Cass. (67.) Pemephradite Hide. avers ‘epee their style without a stigma and usually entire or shortly toothed. . . . Sirgen VERBOT, Hermaphrodite flowers, at least some of them, (tie Gast Many as) eM Anthers arrow-shaped, with acuminate halves. Corolla of the marginal flowers strap-shaped. Fruits glabrous, usually large. Pappus wanting, rarely cup-shaped. Receptacle nae rarely bristly. [Tribe CAL- BNDUEFAR.T 7 RT ENG 20 Anthers entire or shortly ae at A en rarely (Adelostigma) distinctly arrow-shaped, but then corolla of the marginal flowers thread-shaped, fruits hairy, and pappus bristly. . . . . 207 Outer fruits of several kinds. Heads solitary, yellow OA Herbs or undershrubs. re Er : eh 203 Outer immittsallalike. . . NEE RP NIT Fe Fruits curved. Heads kat ze (See 122.) . . . Calendula L. Fruits straight. Heads small. (See 122). . . . Oligocarpus Less. Fruits with 3 wings and a cup-shaped apical appendage. Involucral bracts in one row. (See 123.). - - Flat plans; Less: Fruits without distinct wings or other ne BP: 244205, Fruits very hard, smooth or indistinctly ribbed. Involucral bracts in two or more rows. Ray-flowers yellow. (See 124.) . Osteospermum L. 564 226. COMPOSITAE Fruits not very hard, 3-angled, usually tubercled. Herbs or under- shrubs. Hesdeisolitary. .. sitei{- whl «ph Are 206. Involucral bracts in one row or in two indistinct rows. (See 124.) Dimorphotheea Moench Involucral bracts in several rows. Ray-flowers blue or white. Leaves pinnately divided. — ee 6. South Africa. Some are used medi- E85) )-. ; 1 >.) 100 1 Involucral bracts in 3 or more rows. rolle of the hermaphrodite (male) flowers 5-toothed. Anthers arrow-shaped. Fruits nearly terete, hairy. — Species 2. Central Africa . . . . Adelostigma Steetz Corolla of the female marginal flowers yellow, thread- or shortly strap- shaped. Fruits scarcely compressed, 3—6-ribbed. Shrubs. Heads in corymbs. — Species 40. Tropics. Some are used as pot-herbs. Psiadia Jacq. Corolla of the female marginal flowers white red or blue, strap-shaped. MERRIEESSSOC y's... 54; | yc-sey!cymenes cutee » ne FB). voum epee bee oe Stem woody, at least at the base. Marginal flowers in 1—2 rows. Pappus- bristles usually in one row. — Species 65. South and Central Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants. (Including Asterosperma Less., Detris Adans., and ss Bact DC., under Aster L.) Felicia Cass. Stem herbaceous. . . 942 Involucral bracts in 2 rows, soap ETHIE ee owas earths in several rows, with a linear corolla. Style-branches with a mostly short triangular appendage. Pappus-bristles usually in one row. — Species 13, one of them only naturalized. Several species are used medicinally. Erigeron L. Involucral bracts in 3 or more rows. Marginal flowers in I—2 rows, with a usually oblong corolla. Style-branches with a lanceolate ap- pendage. Pappus-bristles in two rows. — Species Io. South and North. Africa. Some are used as ornamental or medicinal plants. Gnclumima, Kinosyris Cass:) 1. 2) « alas Selena Aster L. (223.) Involucral bracts in severalrows. (See232.) . . . Aster L. Involucral bracts in one row, but sometimes surrounded by some much smaller ones... .i. rar ee Heads of two kinds, some Er ot a the owes leanne (male), the others with most of them female. Corolla red or white ; limb short- ly strap-shaped in the female flowers. Herbs. Leaves radical, broad. Heads in racemes or corymbs. —- Species 1. North Africa. Used as Bin ornamental ‚plant. 1.4... 1a. «uty ne „im Pebasites, Gaertn. Headsallalike. . . . Stee Ce Female marginal flowers in RER rows. Gomell yellow ; limb long strap-shaped in the female flowers. Herbs. Leaves radical, broad. Heads solitary. — Species 1. North Africa. Used medicinally. “ Colts- NEI, sect) 2 ips pie al), wcrrhals coq Sehne ee Site iets Ce ee Female marginal ee inonerow. . » . 236 Inner fruits without a pappus, outer with a fans of interwoven hairs. Style 2-cleft. Herbs. Leaves pinnately divided. Heads solitary. — Species 3. South Africa. . . vive on Ruekeria DC. Inner and outer fruits with a pappus of ee a tg ee 568 237. 238. 239. 241. 242. 243. 244. 245. 226. COMPOSITAE Style of the central flowers 2-cleft. Involucral bracts finally free. Undershrubs. — Species 7. South and North Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants. (Othonnopsis Jaub. et Spach) . . Hertia Less. Style of the central flowers undivided. Involucral bracts more or less united. — Species 110. South Africa and southern Central Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants. (Including Doria Less.) Othonna L. (200.) Style-branches of the hermaphrodite flowers rather long, semi- eylindrical, covered with stigmatic papillae on the inner surface, with hairs on the outer ; hairs also clothing the upper part of the style below the point of division. Anthers more or less arrow-shaped. . . . 239 Style-branches of the hermaphrodite flowers with marginal rows of stigmatic papillae, hairy only in their upper part, more rarely down to the point of division; no hairs on the upper part of the style below that PROUU NT SU tel ofthe o> Pee ee Heads with inner herd ode and liver fetiiall wei eG . 240 Heads with all the flowers hermaphrodite, rarely (V er due by incomplete development of one sex. BAS . Female marginal flowers with a thread-shaped Barbie: "Seite branches blunt. Pappus of bristles. Herbs. — Species 17. Tropical and South Africaand Egypt. . . . . . . Laggera Schultz Female marginal flowers with a an: A corolla. Flowers yellow. Receptacle’ pitted.’ 7"... UNO ae Pappus of scales. Involucral Pacts inated ai the wie: Taye prickly, (See 375)". *. ER, OVERS IE ae 20S 2 Oe es Pappus of pristica? Involucral bracts free. Shrubs. Heads solitary. (See 138) : 2 ss 200 207 ee Een Oth amis NE Mowers, yellow. AUG TE, SCHERE BERN ENTE SEI UN EHER Ve Flowers white, red, or blue. . . oi Re Pappus of scales. Involucral bracts es at the Bi Lees prickly. (See Syne . . ... Berkheya Ehrh. Pappus of Bee iölitrat N fred: —- Species 7. Central Africa. (Including Autunesia O. Hoffm. and Newtonia O. Hoffm., under Vernonia SCHTBDA ee © . . . Gongrothamnus Steetz Receptacle with scales veel fie fowls Leaves linear or lanceo- tebe; > dhs 2 es ie Receptacle abt: hrely "Ahle Best, or eit isathud border to the pits, without scales between the flowers. Style-branches rather long and pointed. ' [Tribe VERNON FEAR.) 7 W2UR. 1%, + “eC Gees Heads solitary. Scales between the flowers membranous. Style- branches rather long and pointed. Pappus of unequally broad scales. — — Species I. West Africa (Congo). . . Dewildemania O. Hoffm. Heads in corymbs. Scales between the flowers with a coloured appendage. Style-branches short, blunt or somewhat pointed. Pappus of scales. united'into a toothed cup! ' 6820 LIT RR BR IE 246. 247. 248. 249. 250. 251. 252. 253. 254. 255. 256. 226. COMPOSITAE 569 Outer involucral bracts longer than the inner. Corolla slightly irregular. Leaves linear, sessile, glabrous. — Species I. Southern West Africa neo). \vaila >. - . . Omphalopappus O. Hoffm. Outer involucral bracts shower ‘han the inner. Corolla regular. Leaves lanceolate, short-stalked, short-haired. — Species 1. Southern West AmearfAngola)aı . . . » + « Gossweilera S. Moore Heads in dense glomerules or uaa ret flowered. . Involucral bracts in several rows of two bracts each. Corolla 5-cleft. Fruits 10-ribbed. Pappus of I—2 rows of bristles or narrow scales. Herbs. — Species 5. _ Tropics. Used medicinally. od . . . Elephantopus L. Heads not in dense med: or Be Euberibe VERNONINAE.] 248 inet 2 u an In Alp ee ae a (ora Poppus present)... neue Bee . 251 Heads 1—-4-flowered, in he Involucre oblong. Hure ith an indistinctly cup-shaped border at the top. Shrubs. (See 136.) Apodocephala Bak. Heads many-flowered. Involucre campanulate or hemispherical. Herbs. 250 Fruits truncate at the top, Mini” — Species 5. Tropical and south Africaand Egypt. . . . 2 ERG) os alla «Ly Fruits rounded at the top. — See 10. Central Africa. Gutenbergia Schultz Pappus ear- or cup-shaped, entire or nearly so. Herbs. . . . . 252 Pappusdermesd'of:scales or bristles: «14 sus) erilemen Ihm,» 253 Pappus auricle-like. Heads in cymes. Leaves linear. —- Species 1. Kast Africa: ©... . . . . Hoehnelia Schweinf. Pappus cup-shaped. Heads acltargd or in facsicles. — Species I. Tropics. Sparganophorus Vaill. Pappus of one row of scales and sometimes some bristles within them. 254 Pappus only of bristles or of several rows of bristles with some small scales outsidethem. . . st bday dk A Pappus-scales 5, long and narrow. ere Es EHRE ‘Cowolka white. Involucral bracts in two rows. Heads in panicles. Shrubs. — Species 1. West Aftica (Congo). a) tay play uae heey onli ee Fa OnE Pappus-scales short. Herbs. . . dread . ¢GineratiaE. Fruits not disinetly NER RER abilstede: — Species 500. Some of them are used as vegetables, as food for birds, or as ornamental or medicinal plants. (Including Brachyrhynchos Less., Cacalia L. partly, Emilia Cass., Kleinia DC., Lachanodes DC., Mesogramma DC., Notonia DC., and Pladaroxylon Hook. Al.) We 0 20.08 RES (301.) Involucral bracts, at least the inner, scarious at the tip and the edges. Pappus of minute scales, crown- or ear-shaped or wanting. Style-branches of the hermaphrodite flowers truncate, with a terminal Grown Aha are erat a, ; Involucral bracts rarely scarious at the atest and ‘iiss! pappus of aie large scales or bristles, or style-branches of the hermaphrodite flowers ending inahairy appendage.. . . . i 2 AS Anthers arrow-shaped ; halves pointed at the fash Involucral bracts in I—2 rows. Receptacle glabrous. Female marginal flowers in one row, with a strap-shaped corolla. Inner fruits flattened, outer 3-edged. Pappus none. Herbs or undershrubs. Heads long-stalked. (See 124.) Dimorphotheea Moench Anthers not arrow-shaped ; halves blunt or rounded at the base. [Tribe ANSHBEMIDBAE2 - colememnd’ et eae e+. as > Se Receptacle with scales between the flowers. (Subtribe ANTHEMID- INAB si} 05-0 is artiste hetero Tat BO Receptacle Shee or hairy, Eh Bi ekeanen i Govier (Sab tribe CHRYSANTHEMINAE.] . . . . Be 4 2 An Receptacle-scales hairy in the middle, Hans at the thse and apex. Ray-flowers yellow. Fruits cylindrical, without’ a pappus. Herbs. Leaves pinnately divided. Heads seated between 2—6 (usually 5) branches of the much-branched cyme. — Species 1. North-west Africa. Used as an ornamental plant.. . . . . . . Cladanthus Cass. Receptacle-scales hairy throughout their whole length or at the top only, or glabrous. Heads solitary or in glomerules, corymbs, or panicles. 320 Corolla-tube with a basal appendage adnate to the ovary. Corolla per- sistent. Ray-flowers none. Pappus wanting. Herbs. Leaves entire. Heads in corymbs. — Species 1. North Africa. Used medicinally. Diotis Desf. ——— 322. 323. 324. 325. 326. 329. 226. COMPOSITAE 577 Corolla-tube with appendages which are free frem the ovary, or without AUVDRBENKAHEB NT. LP UUEALO Se Dee ors, eo Og ma saan . Fruits clothed with long wool, 8—ıo-ribbed. Ray-flowers white or violet. Herbs. Leaves pinnately divided. Heads solitary, terminating the branches. — Species 3. South Africa. . Lasiospermum Lag. TEN LEE EA Os ae Fruits much compressed. Herbsorundershrubs. . . . . . . 323 Prilesmanor scarcely compressed... > 3 See OS N 325 Fruits, at least the outer, broadly winged. Leaves alternate, pinnately divided. — Species 10. North Africa. Some are used medicinally. Anaeyelus L. Fruits not or indistinctly winged, without apappus.. . . . . . 324 Leaves alternate, toothed or pinnately divided. — Species 7. North Africa ; one species also naturalized in South Africa. Some are used as Genamental or medicinal, plants: 3: „0 0, ip pis n’ |, eee >. Leaves opposite, at least the lower, entire. Ray-flowers neuter, white.— Species 2. North-west Africa. (Fradinia Pomel, under Cladanthus 2 SS > a omens Mecomisehus Benth. & Hook. Leaves opposite or setianiek entire. Shrubs. Gia at He present. 326 Meavesaiternate. ..... .. . BYP aks 1? Ca ep ae trae oy coe collected in compound Head Pappus of the inner fruits consist- g of scales sometimes united into a small crown. — Species 4. South rich. Eu. ui: „Oedera.L. Heads solitary En the rials of the braten: = Pampas wanting. — Species South Africa... >. . . . Eumorphia DC. . Stem herbaceous. Leaves siete or sities divided. 79; o's sus Ga 4338 menmwoudy, atleast'at thebase. „PIE LIRR er pes eds wee . Heads without ray-flowers. Corolla-tube regular. Pappus crown-shaped. Leaves toothed. Heads in dense corymbs. — Species 1. North Africa. Lonas Adans. Heads with ray-flowers, more rarely without, but then pappus auricle- shaped or wanting. Corolla-tube compressed, often with appendages. Heads stalked, terminating the branches. — Species 30. North and Central Africa ; one species naturalized in South Africa. Some are used as medicinal plants (camomile). (Including Chamaemelum Cass., Ormenis Cass., Perideraca Webb, and Rhetinolepis Cass.) Anthemis L. Ribs of the fruits produced into unequal scales or strong awns. Shrubs. ‘Leaves pinnatifid. Heads in corymbs. — Species 4. Canary Islands. (Including Hymenolepis Schultz and Lugoa DC.) Gonospermum Less. Ribs of the fruits not produced into scales or awns. Heads without ray- ERS case rt ee es Dee Lia Be ER Tl Oe Tee 330. Corolla-tube with a more or less distinct appendage at the base, usually compressed. .Pappus wanting. Heads long-stalked. Under-shrubs. 20 578 S32: 332. 333: 334- 335: 336. 337- 338. 339- 340. 341. 226. COMPOSITAE Leaves pinnatipartite. — Species 6. Central and North-west Africa. Some of the species are used as ornamental or medicinal plants. Santolina L. Corolla-tube without an appendage, not compressed. Fruits 5-angled. Heads in usually dense corymbs. — Species 55. Southern and tropical’ Africa. (Including Bembycodium Kunze and Oligodora DC.) Athanasia L. (318.) Heads with all the flowers hermaphrodite. . . . 332 Heads with the inner flowers hermaphrodite, the outer ms or BANN. 343 MEETS. - 0. a en ag ee ea nn 2 1 Flowers 5-merous. .. BE ı. Involucral bracts in ah rows, es Sie aaa) Fruits 4- angle glabrous. Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves dissected. Heads rather small. — Species 6. South and East Africa. (Under Tanacetum L.) Schistostephium Less. Involucral bracts in I—3 rows, nearlyequal.. . . -_ 334 Pappus ring- or crown-shaped. Herbs. Leaves Bigrätäke divided. Species 20. Some of them are used as ornamental or medicinal nasi (camomile). (Including Chamaemelum Vis., Chlamydophora Ehrenb., Courrantia Schultz, and Otospermum Willk.). . . . Matricaria L. Pappus Wanting eas, wer Sa a aa ee ne ke OT ee a Stem herbaceous. Heads solitary at the ends of the branches. (See BIO ne RS 2 searaiforriyue Jott 900i OOMe Stem woody, Sb. a are Heads in corymbs. Fruits. compressed, glabrous. — Species I. South Africa. . . Peyrousea DC. Heads in leafy racemes or spikes sometimes arranged in elongated (not corymb-like) panicles. Pappus wanting. (See bi Artemisia L. Heads solitary orincorymbs. . . . he ES BE ae Involucral bracts in I—3 rows, nearly equal fate: DS > divided. [See 334.) . '.... yon se, Me Cara ae Involucral bracts in several rows, the baie ones Shotters’""." a) ae eee Stem herbaceous. Leaves alternate. (See 219.) . Chrysanthemum L. Stem woody, shrubby. . . . een Leaves opposite. Pappus Se Ber Tin an aA Ret a el te ‘Leaves alternate. . . PORES «> A TENS I Te nn Heads in corymbs. RAN MD. in few rows. Pont with ee ribs. Leaves usually forked. — Species 2. South Africa. Gymnopentzia Benth. Heads solitary, seated between lateral tufts of leaves. Involucral bracts in many rows. Fruits 3—-4-ribbed. Leaves entire, connate in pairs at the base. — Species 1. South Africa. . . . . Asaemia Harv. Leaves toothed, lobed, or divided. Fruits 5-ribbed. — Species 20. South Africa and southern Central Africa. Some are used medicinally. Pentzia Thunb. keavesntireis fe! Sell. sates sigmatel: IRRE 342. 343- 344. 345- 346. 347. 348. 349. 350. 35I. 352. 226. COMPOSITAE 579 Heads in corymbs. Central flowers sterile. Pappus none. — Species SB Aktica. . .. . . . Stilpnophytum Less. Heads few together at the eine of the biste: Flowers all fertile. — Species 3. South Africa. (Including Adenosolen DC. and Brachymeris Deere NL}: . . « . Marasmodes DC. (331.) Female or Reape ne lowers with a thread-shaped corolla orwithout acorolla.. . . . o> Gag Female or neuter marginal lower! tk a aka Wied lectus Y engage Hermaphrodite flowers 4-merous. Herbs or undershrubs. . . . 345 Hermaphrodite flowers 5-merous. Marginal flowers with a corolla. . 349 Involucral bracts of two kinds, the outer four broad and membranous, the inner numerous, longer and narrower, scarious. Marginal flowers in one row, without a corolla. Corolla of the central flowers with a large appendage enclosing the fruit. Pappus none. Leaves opposite. Heads stalked, Re: terminating the branches. — Species 2. South Alnicasıınd: fol. uud! sale enGtebkkitiys DC. Involucral a el or meant? SGus +s Gers 31 ne (BAR Involucral bracts in 3—4 rows, the outer Sone Se flowers with a corolla. Outer fruits compressed and hairy, the inner 4-angled, glabrous. Leaves fan-shaped or pinnately divided. (See 333.) Schistostephium Less. Involucral bracts in I—2 rows, about equal. . . . . . . . . 347 Heads stalked, solitary, terminating the branches. (See 216.) Cotula L. Heads sessile or arranged in racemes or corymbs. Marginal flowers with Beer. Leaves undivided. . or rare nmerlke slameld . ton en a a4e Female flowers in one row. — Species I. Island of Rodrigues. Abrotanella Cass. Female flowers in several rows. Pappus wanting. — Species 1. Tropics. (Myriogyne Less.). . . . - .« . « Centipeda Lour. Heads in racemes or spikes ee ee in elongated (not corymb- like) panicles. Involucral bracts in few rows. Marginal flowers in one row. Fruits without ribs and without a pappus. (See 222.) Artemisia L. Heads solitary or in corymbs. (See 219.). . . Chrysanthemum L. (343.) Involucral bracts in many rows, imbricate, the outer much SHORLEr.. . : ‘alge cgi unl-t ee Involucral bracts in ee rows, Swit u in Aal „DANN, ES RARE Leaves decurrent, undivided. Herbs. Headsin corymbs. Hermaphrod- ite flowers 5-merous. Fruits glandular-hairy. Pappus of scales. — Species 1. South Africa. . . . . . . . Lepidostephium Oliv. Leaves not decurrent. (See 219.) . . . . . Chrysanthemum L. Involucral bracts broad. Herbs. Leavesdissected. . . . . . 353 Involucral bracts narrow. Shrubs or undershrubs. Leaves entire, toothed, lobed, or cleft. Corolla-limb of the ray-flowers elongate, entire. et iu “acid” cr AMO Sa ren: a du ate pl a 580 353. 354. 355- 356. 357: 358. 359: 226. COMPOSITAE Corolla of the ray-flowers yellow, very shortly strap-shaped. Fruits compressed, I—2-ribbed, without a pappus. Heads solitary on long stalks thickened above. (See 216.) . . .: .. + Cotala tt. Corolla of the ray-flowers white, usually ae strap-shaped. Fruits usually several-ribbed and provided with a pappus. (See 334.) Matricaria L. Ray-flowers fertile. Disc-flowers 5-merous. Fruits 8—ı1o-ribbed, gland- ular-warted. Leaves linear or divided into 3 linear segments. — Species 7. South Africa. (Including Adenachaena DC. and Iocaste E. Mey.) Phymaspermum Less. Ray-flowers sterile. Disc-flowers 4-merous.. . . . « » « «+ 355 Corolla-lobes of the disc-flowers acuminate. Involucre campanulate. Heads short-stalked. Leaves linear, entire. Shrubs. — Species 2. BOUEh- AFTICA/N 0 -s . . . . Thaminophyllum Harv. Corolla-lobes of the es a Ai acuminate. Involucre hemispherical. Heads long-stalked. Leaves lobed or cleft. Undershrubs. — Species 3. Both Birica.<: .. .. 00 ZUR Se ee Ce (316.) Receptacle with scales between the flowers. . . . . . . 357 Receptacle glabrous, rarely hairy, without scales between the flowers. 383 Pappus of 5—6 large scales sometimes intermixed with bristles. Fruits 10-ribbed, not compressed. Involucral bracts in several rows, scarious at the edges. Ray-flowers in one row, neuter, with a yellow, strap-shaped corolla. Style-branches truncate, with a terminal crown of hairs. Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves alternate, usually toothed or pinnately divided. Heads solitary or in lax panicles. — Species 65. South Africa and Abyssinia. (Including Sphenogyne R. Br.). . Ursinia Gaertn. Pappus wanting or crown-shaped or consisting of bristles or minute scales, rarely of 1—2 or 8—16 larger scales. Involucral bracts rarely scarious at the edges. Leaves usually opposite. [Tribe HELIANTH- PT he te te, ws), 4 ine: wrariapaie ta cele Aaa ct eee Pappus of feathery bristles. Fruits hairy, angular. Involucral bracts subequal, in 2—3 rows. Ray-flowers yellow, with a strap-shaped corolla. Prostrate herbs. Leaves opposite, broad, toothed. Heads on long stalks. — Species 1. Naturalized in South Africa, Madagascar, and the neighbouring islands. . . . . Pevertis 1605) DEE Pappus of simple (not feathery) Be or oa scales sometimes united MID. A Crown, Or wanting..." . une rn 4.1107 | oe heh Pappus, at least on the inner fruits, formed of Eure rather large, fringed scales. Fruits angular. Receptacle conical. Marginal flowers in one row, white, fertile, rarely wanting. Involucral bracts in I—2 rows. embracing the outer fruits. Heads small, hemispherical. — Species I, Naturalized in East Africa. «oe» De Galinsoga Ruiz Pass Pappus formed of minute scales or of 1—2 larger scales or of bristles, or ctowirshapea, orywanting, ..... sc Umea oy 1, Se 360. 361. 362. 363. 364. 365. 366. 367. 368. 226. COMPOSITAE 581 Female or neuter marginal flowers persisting in the fruit, with a strap- shaped corolla. Receptacle conical. Herbs. Leaves opposite. Heads on long stalks. — Species 1. Naturalized in various regions. Orna- mental plants. .°. ene 1 Female or neuter marginal flawwelts tallänis off Hera cavity or wanting. 361 Inner fruits compressed from front to back. Scales on the receptacle between the flowers flat or convex, not keeled. Female or neuter marginal flowers with a strap-shaped corolla or wanting. [Subtribe COREOPSIDINAE.] . . IRRE, rk, 308 Inner fruits not or laterally coffee [Subtribe VERBESININAE.) . 368 Pappus formed of 2—6 barbed bristles (which are armed with minute reflexed prickles). Herbs. Leaves opposite, toothed or divided. . 363 Pappus formed of bristles which are not barbed, at least on the inner fruits, or ring-shaped, or wanting. . . . ; er 2 2. Fruits beaked. Ray-flowers red. — Species I. Naturalizedi in Maske and the Mascarene Islands. BEI . «* . » Cosmos Cav. Fruits not beaked. Ray-flowers, if diesen yellow or white. — Species 20. Some of them are used medicinally, others are noxious weeds. (including Kernerta. Moench). ow olan). 9° Bidens. L. Involucral bracts 3—6. Marginal flowers female. Corolla glabrous at the base. ie of the inner fruits of 2—3 awns. Herbs. Leaves Opposite. .- . RR IR WET ARE involucral- bracts numerous, in two rows. .vW) nl opel „em. 366 Involucral bracts partly herbaceous, partly membranous. Outer fruits winged. Heads several together in the leaf-axils. — Species 1. Natural- ized in Central Africa. . . . . . Synedrella Gaertn. Involucral bracts herbaceous. Fraits all similar, not winged. Heads solitary. — Species I. West Africa (Congo). Calyptrocarpus Less. Involucral bracts free, the outer herbaceous, the inner membranous. Ray-flowers female. Corolla hairy at the base. Pappus none. Herbs. Leaves, at least the lower, opposite. Heads solitary or in cymes, stalked. — Species 8. Central Africa. One of the species yields oil from the seeds (ramtil-oil). Sine . « . » Guizotia Cass. Involucral bracts more or less eat Gostilla glabrous at the base. 367 Ray-flowers female. Fruits oblong, many-ribbed, hairy. Pappus a minutely toothed crown. Herbs. Leaves opposite, divided. Heads in panicles. Species1. Abyssinia. . . . . . Mierolecane Schultz Ray-flowers neuter or wanting. Pappus of two teeth or awns, or ring- shaped, or wanting. — Species 50. Central Africa. Some are used as omiumentaly plants... shi ade Rts . poco te “Coreopsis: Ey (361.) Inner fruits much compressed isavatty Pappus of two awns or wanting. Receptacle convex, conical, or cylindrical. Herbs. . . 369 {nner fruits slightly or not compressed. . © . = % % «© + - 370 582 369. 379. 371. 372. 373: 374. 375- 376. 377- 226. COMPOSITAE Fruits winged. Receptacle convex. Involucre as long as the disc. Heads in lax corymbs. Leaves alternate, at least the upper ones. — Species 1. Naturalized in the tropics and in Egypt. Used medicinally. (Kımenesia Cass.) . . - : ete a. et 2 OR DOSE ee Fruits not winged. RN alosiganeal Involucre much _ shorter than the disc. Heads solitary. Leaves opposite. — Species 1. Tropical and South-east Africa. Yields condiments and medicaments. Spilanthes L. Inner involucral bracts embracing the outer fruits. Pappus wanting. Herbs. Leaves opposite. . . A eta oS a N Inner involucral bracts not embracing he dates Edle ee ee Female marginal flowers in one row. Heads in panicles. — Species 5. Tropical and South Africa and Canary Islands. Some are used medicin- ally. a hl! ln) race Babe Hh Be Sle ges e mane Female marginal flowers in several rows, with a strap-shaped corolla. Heads solitary, sessile. Marsh plants. — Species 1. Central Africa. Enydra Lour. Receptacle-scales wholly enclosing the fruits. Pappus ring-shaped or wanting. Flowers all hermaphrodite with a tubular corolla or the marginal neuter with a strap-shaped corolla. Receptacle convex or conical. Herbs. — Species 2. Central Africa. Selerocarpus Jacq. Receptacle-scales partly or not enclosing the fruits. . . . . « + 373 Receptacle-scales very narrow, nearly bristle-like. Pappus wanting. Marginal flowers in two rows, with a strap-shaped corolla. Herbs. Leaves opposite. Heads solitary or in pairs. — Species 2. They yield dye-stuffs, salad, and medicaments. . . . . . . . Kelipta L. Receptacle-scales broad or rather broad, convex or keeled. . . . . 374 Pappus wanting. Heads containing hermaphrodite and female flowers. Meteectidacaves Opposite «tes Le Biba. {Ay oe aE Brest + serie Sa A ee ee Inner flowers 4-merous, outer with a very shortly strap-shaped corolla- limb. Fruits 4-angled. Leaves oblong. Heads in groups of three. — Species 1. Madagascar. . . „ng. Mieractis DE: Inner flowers 5-merous, outer itl a alter iene strap-shaped corolla-limb. Fruits 2—3-angled. Leaves ovate. — Species 15. Tropical and South Africa. . . . . . Wedelia Jacq. Pappus ring-shaped. Fruits 4- anal ao flat. Receptacle- scales slit. Heads in corymbs; all flowers hermaphrodite. Shrubs. Leaves alternate. — Species 1. Madagascar. . . Temnolepis Bak. Pappus cup-shaped or formed of scales and bristles. Herbs or under- EEE «ee ee! ee ok Ma OU II eis rot reece tree Pappus of free, caducous bristles or scales. . . . Mur T YAP Re ee Pappus of bristles united at the base, or cup-shaped with or inode free bristles. See ee te sf yee die dele ge Mb cand ani ee 378. 379: 380. SOL. 382. 383. 384. 385. 226. COMPOSITAE 583 Pappus-bristles 1—4, more or less broadened below. Heads large. Ray-flowers neuter. — Species 3. Cultivated and sometimes naturalized. Used as ornamental plants (sunflower) and yielding edible tubers, dye-stuffs, and oily seeds from which bread may be prepared. Helianthus L. Pappus-bristles thin, usually numerous. Heads middle-sized. Receptacle convex. Receptacle-scales acuminate. Leaves opposite. — Species 17. Tropical and South-east Africa. (Including Lipotriche R. Br.) Melanthera Rohr Heads with all the flowers hermaphrodite, arranged in corymbs. Re- ceptacle convex. Receptacle-scales with a coloured appendage. Anthers arrow-shaped. Fruits 5-ribbed. Pappus a toothed cup. Leaves alternate, linear. (See 246.) . . . . Omphalopappus O. Hoffm. Heads with the inner flowers hermaphrodite, the outer female or neuter. 380 Marginal flowers neuter, with a strap-shaped corolla. Leaves opposite. — Species 40. Tropics. Some are used a Aspilia Thouars Marginal flowers female. . . . . . — A) cena ME Marginal flowers with a tubular or shortly ae ae, corolla. Pappus of 2—5 unequal bristles united at the base. Leaves, at least the lower, opposite. — Species 4. Central Africa. . . . . Blainvillea Cass. Marginal flowers with a distinctly strap-shaped corolla. Pappus cup- shaped, with or without awns. Headsstalked.. . . . . . . 382 Leaves altermate. Fruits 4—5-angled, many-ribbed. — Species 6. Biereeccal, 20 2a te Sea Ra 7 209. RR TEE Leaves opposite. Fruits 2—3-angled, with indistinct angles. (See 375.) Wedelia Jacq. (356.) Female marginal flowers in several rows, with a yellow, thread- shaped, 2—-3-toothed corolla. Involucral bracts in several rows, imbri- cate, with scarious edges. Fruits without ribs. Pappus of one row of bristles. Leaves alternate, undivided. Heads solitary or in glomerules. BET) nn er rae cae Sie br eh ge oo oe Female or neuter marginal flowers in one row, with a strap-shaped, rarely a tubular but 4-toothed corolla, or wanting. [Tribe HELENIEAE.] 384 Female marginal flowers with a tubular, 4-toothed corolla. Involucral bracts in 4—5 rows. Receptacle pitted. Pappus of scales. Herbs. Leaves alternate. Heads in panicles. — Species 1. Southern West Africa (Angola). . . . . . . Welwitschiella ©. Hoffm. Female or neuter marginal faves ich a strap- an corolla or wanting. Heads solitary oringlomerules.. . . . . => ee 2 te eee Receptacle bristly. Involucral bracts in 3—4 rows. Anthers arrow- shaped, the halves pointed at the base. Pappus of scales. Herbs. Leaves alternate or radical. Heads solitary. — Species 1. Naturalized in Central Africa. An ornamental plant. . . . Gaillardia Foug. Receptacle glabrous, rarely (Tagetes) ciliate at the edges of the pits. . 386 584 386. 387. 388. 389. 390. 391. 226. COMPOSITAE Involucral bracts in 3—4 rows. Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves opposite, entire. Heads solitary. — Species 9. Central Africa. (Including Hypericophyllum Steetz). - . 2.2. «9... « « Jaumea Pers. Involucral bracts}in I-—2 rows. ,,. mar mu “lo bio Shr Meu Involucral bractsfree. . . . nt oe Involucral bracts united below. Eee Te Asia entire at the base or with blunt halves. . . ee Involucral bracts numerous. Hei manyigneres Female marginal flowers numerous. Anthers arrow-shaped, the halves pointed at the base. Pappus none. Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves alternate or all radical. Heads solitary. (See 124.) . . Dimorphotheea Moench Involucral bracts 2—6. Heads few-flowered. Female marginal flowers solitary or wanting. Anthers entire at the base or with blunt halves. Heads in Slomerüles, Sunset Sure vost Tet eel kaa Pappus wanting. Herbs. Leaves opposite. — Species 2. Naturalized in Egypt and Eritrea. They yield dyes and medicaments. | Flaveria Juss. Pappus of slit scales. Small shrubs. Leaves alternate. — Species 1. South Africa. . . . 2... Phaeocephalus S. Moore Pappus wanting. Fa sua Shin Leaves alternate. — Species 15. South Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants. Gamolepis Less. Pappus of scales or bristles. Herbs. . . . 24:7 22 1 EEE Pappus of 3—6 scales. Fruits scarcely ribbed. ae opposite, na ly divided. — Species 3. Naturalized. Ornamental plants, also ‘yielding dyes and medicaments. . . ees Tagetes L. Pappus of numerous bristles or slit scales. F att 10—12-ribbed. Leaves alternate, undivided. — Species 1. South Africa. Cadiseus E. Mey. unaceae - aniaceae ogetonaceae aceae ogetonaceae - chzeriaceae - ataceae - maceae idaceae - ın eae ” ” . iaceae +: Onaceae: -: - olepidaceae aceae laceae caulaceae - niaceae iteaceae - neliaceae - melinaceae - ederiaceae - astraceae rdraceae - aceae - - onaceae - modoraceae - llidaceae - ziaceae aceae Oreaceae*s + ° eae: iceae iberaceae - na eae + + = STATISTICAL TABLE ceae ee « ‘9 ospermae +» * ocharitaceae - Whole | Africa | Earth (in all) 9 85 3 25 I ıl — | — II 100 2 26| 260 6 25 3 45 3 8 50} 500 14) 65 I 9 | 4 5) 240 I 65 I 15 1) 2 gl ıool 8| 35 I 30|| 1 10 I 20 I 20| See TES ~~ 1 4 12 za, 9] 15 4 7 2 2 15 65|| 10) 40 2 aul 7) g '373), 3700| 205 1600 77\ 3000| 40 880 169 1200) 36 100 6 ens [ay ee II5| 1100| 33) 150 3 Ball 3] ı2| 3 7 I 1 aa) 9250| -12|: 230 7 2.2 | ea Te I 7 I I 2| = 55 1) 40 9) 5701| 4 80o| I 2 — | > — 7 25 T| - 57 920 1 I 29 320| 12) 160 6 20 3| 5 I 5 I 5 3 | u re 8 280 3) 55 3 | | ea 228 2600 79 1450 9 30 4 6 83| 950| 33| 310 2 79 I 25 2 10) I TO}. 240 2 45 60| 1100| 39}; 600 6 85), 4 25 41| 900], ıı 120 I gol) 1 _ Africa North | (indigenous) Africa 3 || Nea aay | eke | = 1 2| 9) I rl 5 25| 5 15 3} 8 I 5 | | | || | 13 65| 7| =| 1 4| I 4) HH 7) a Z| I} 2|| I) 2|| 8 35] 8 20) I 10| 1 4 1 zo — | Fl I 4|| I 4 9) 15 4 5) 2| 2| ı I io}, go, 4 4 I 3 —-| — | 199 1600) 108) 380, 40/880] 9) 90 33] 1001 3| 4 28 140 10, 3) IZ) 3) 7\ I le 12/5)! 230 — ul ee tk oe) | | 1} — | — | ‘tea 4 81 — | — | 1 1 — | — —| — | f= (|| 12 160) I SI) a tae e I 5s} — | — | — fi - f — | — / 3 ssi) 2| 30) | — | 75 1450| 27| 130) 4 6 ee 29 300 | 6 20 I 251 eu I 2 —— 2 45\ an So 3] 37| 600], s| 30] 3 20) == | i= | 7; mol | — | == ip | | Central \ Africa || I gl eee el 4 s|| 2 4 a 5|| 7 20} I 3 I I5' N N 4 20 I) 7 I 8 1 al 8 10 4 I 9 35 | 2] 130) 850 25 490 13 40 —| — 21) 0120 3 Io I I | | I 1 I 30 4 60 oe Sat) 1] I 12| | 140 3 5 I 5 2| 15 | | 37, 600 pe ee: I 16 110 I IS 4 I 4 20 13] 120 I 15 4 110 Islands showing the number of Genera and Species and the Geographical Distribution of each Family. | Malagasy | 585 South Africa al I 3 I 3 4 20 I 2 ot | ee a I I Tj 9 I 3 ee 1] I 80 460: 28) 350 2) 2 3} 10 10% I I I2| 230 I 8- 2) IO BPER 129% 5 20 Cre N RE 3) 30 52| 880 4 6 19 190 I 9 IL 15 32; 500 I 4 I 3 Whole Africa Earth | (in all) a Sant, - = {2 We | Marantaceae - - - 27| 2090| 12 60 | Burmanniaceae - 18 6 4 15 Orchidaceae 500] 7400| 97| 1600 Monocotyledonae - || 1944| 26000 681 7800 Casuarinaceae I 30 I) 2 Saururaceae 3 Sil eased. FE Piperaceae - 9| 1100] 3 80, Chloranthaceae - - 4 Shieh Lacistemaceae I 15| — | — ‘Salicaceae - 2| 200 2 20 Garryaceae: - I Is — | — Myricaceae - I 55 I 25 Balanopsidaceae 2 97 118 Leitneriaceae - - - I 2| — | — Juglandaceae 6 40 I 2 Batidaceae - I 1;— | — Julianiaceae 2 5 — | — Betulaceae - 6 90 2 2 Fagaceae 5 370 2 9 Ulmaceae 15 120 5 35 Moraceae 70| 1oo0ol| 26| 260 Urticaceae - +: - 43 580|| 20 150 Proteaceae 85] IOoool 13 400 Myzodendraceae I 10) — | — Santalaceae- - 26| 250 6 140 Opiliacese 7 25 2 15 Grubbiaceae I 4 I 4 Olacaceae 27 160| II 70 ‘Octoknemataceae - I 3 I 3 Loranthaceae - 26| 900 4 300 Balanophoraceae 14 50 4 6]| Aristolochiacrae 6 200 I 30 Rafflesiaceae - 7 ae 2| 4 Hydnoraceae - 2 10 I 8 Polygonaceae - - 34| 800 9 120 “Chenopodiaceae - 76| 4501 26 120 Amarantaceae 56 500| 32 200 Nyctaginaceae 20 170 5 30 Cynocrambaceae I 2 I I Phytolaccaceae - 22 120 5 15 Aizoaceae 24 600| 20 480 Portulacaceae 18 210 6 35 Basellaceae - 5 15 2 4 Caryophyllaceae: - 79| 1500| 45 280 Nymphaeaceae - 8 60 3 20 Ceratophyllaceae I 3 I 3 Trochodendraceae - 2 5s; — | — Cercidiphyllaceae - I 2 Renunculaceae - 32| 1200| 11 140 Lardizabalaceae - 7 20 — Berberidaceae - 9} 150 3 6 STATISTICAL TABLE. i Africa North || Centra Malagasy | (indigenous) || Africa | Africa Islands — pet — \= — — — 11 55 | =. Zee ssı 2 4 5 | — | 4 ı0| -ı 97 1600| 14 501 55! gooli 56) 370 650} 7750| 206 800| 381, 3850| 261 I ZA: = | os = I pares fees a LS _— ie 3 80) — | — 3 40| 2 2 20, 2 L2 2 6 I I 25) I I I 6 I 1 I) I Lie = = 2 9 2 o| — | — - 5 35 2 2 4 20 3 19 250 I 5 15 200 19 150 4 13| 17 751 aay 13] 400), — | —- 3 50 2 6 140 2 5 3 55 2 2 rt —, [16 — 2 15|| — I 4 —| —- |—] — ans 11] 7o/ —| — || 9 551 4 I 3; — | — I! 3 — 4 3001 2 2|| 2| 240 3 4 Gh | he 2 3 2 I 30 I 6 I] 20 I 2 4 I I I I I I | — I 6 I 8 120) 5 50 5 45 2 25 T2o37 24 le v7 Siete 40 3 32 200 8 17|| 28) 140| 12 3 30) I 6 3 121 3 I | I ıl — | — — 4 Io I 2 4| 8 3 20| 480 6 I0| 14 45 6 I 6 35 I 2 2| 13 2 I 2| — | — 1| I I 45 280| 37| 200] 22) 60 7 3 20 2 4 2 20 I I 5 I 24. '4 2 I II 140]}| I1 70 5 50 2 I 3 6 3 4 I 2| — | — > wOO fh "HH HDD » | wm ON’ STATISTICAL TABLE. 587 ie a ao Tr m Tu 11 B ; Whole Africa Africa North Central I Malagasy South | = kisp gi on Earth | (in all) | (indigenous) | Africa || Africa | Islands Africa 63} 360) 27| 100] 27) _ ı00|| I + 20 45]| 10 25 6... x 13 a he ihe low) Ge ee ad E,. . I | | — «xt — | — sf — | — Ks — ey (rm | EE i ridaceae - - 1| Sl es Oe | gen = 1-1 — | —] In seeders): - 76 900 27] 240), 26) 230) — | — 25) 200 11] 30) 5, 8 is ficaceae + - + 16 250 9 25, 7 30 ==.) = 5| 15 2| Si. ne ern lortegaceae - - I | — | a [ee = —|— |—| —}—| — imiaceae - - - 30 2501 6 301 6 30], == Er de 8 6] 4 25], 4 I 3 tie oS 48) 1100| 15 75| 12 | 4 5 6 30] 7) 35 3} 10 ha andiaceae - - 4 =| 3 7\| 3 all 3 4 2 4) oo veraceae + - Sr) 400 11 sol 9} sol 71° ol. A 7; —|— | 4 10 ba aridaceae - - 43} 450| 20, 260] 20, 2601 7| rsll 19 200] 7 35] 8 40 if Brae o< < . 232) 1000| 88 420 87 410| 75| 270| 28 85 4| 8ll 21 110 ariaceae + - - I 4 — | — |—| — || — | — }—|— | -| — edaceae +: - 6 Sl 0 AB, , O1, ESN 0 ao TO hg be ait a paceae + + + I 6 - 1] 6 | || VL ı|| sl 1] Th arts raceniaceae 3 9 —| — |I-| — I-| —- | -| — |-|1-|-| - nthaceae I 60 I 2 BU | Nh beer Ty 2! —| — aceae +: + 4 85| 3 | 3: ıl 2| 6 2 10 stemonaceae - 30 1320| 9 25 9 25; — | — | 8 20| 3| | eee 2 ostachyaceae - I | ı Is ı 1 sI—| — || x 4| 1] 12} I ulaceae +: - 18 550] 10 400), I0| 400 5} 110) 6 60) 5 50), 6| 200 halotaceae - - I 1 — |}—} — |—}| —}—) — | —|) — |} —)| - ragaceae > - - 78 650| DI 25]| 10 25 312 16 4 zu, 20} 7| 3 as sporaceae - - Bro, 1 35... 7 EL) ee 2| ‚I 15) 1 15 A], 102 elliaceae - - - I mo} —) — | —}) — | —| — || |-|1- |-|— loniaceae +: - 21 130]; 3 Fila @ Tale ll Cee le 2 tothamnaceae - I 2| ı al, &| Bi Nice 4 1} 1 I Iniaceae » + + + 12 55|| 12) sul, 12 | I Fl amelidaceae - 20 so] 3 20) 3 Sn le 2 2 „2 15) 2 ’mmiaceae - - I TH he Noe” | yee eee ier ia ee anaceae + + + | I 6 1 Bice re ie Aloe. Sera ssosomataceae - I 3| —|;— |— | eth N ON ee oe me cn Don Baceae- - - - - 1092| 1700|. 32| 230||..30| ,.220||. 18 65| 13 85 3; „all. zei Oe laraceae + » - 20 ı80| 12| 140! 12 140) nal a | es 130) 3 8 I I uminosae » » - 522| 1500| 261| 3300| 253 3300| 54 550| 182) 1650 82, 440, 88} 1000 laceae- ++ - I | Bas 204 ıi—Il—| ı ıı — | — | —| — faniaceae - + - ar, 09 #16] aa GF (e950 31°. -304...46 25 2 5, 280 idaceae - - - 7 300 3 160 2 160 4 4 2 15 2, 25| 1%) 120 paeolaceae - - I) 50) I) Dea) | le ae | > = Lehrerinnen lceae +» 13} 30! 7 60) 6 61 2] 20] 6 30| 2 8 1 5 liriaceae - - - || 3 20. X il 1 ri — I —'|l. 1 —| — 1 1.7 throxylaceae - | 2 200. 2| 40], 2 401 — | — | 2 5 I 35 I 4 phyllaceae + - | 28 170 12! 90, 12 90, 35, 6 18 2 3 7 50 raceae . * + - I 10 I I I I I Tm ee — de a a ı25| 950 33| 320] 30| 310, ı 8| 17 2) ey 4 Mime 1) |e 96 TB baceae- - - 32| 1501 16] 40] 16 40], — | —- 1.13 351 .4 5 I R seraceae » - - 18 350) 7 i6o} 7; 160) —| — || 6 120 3 20 I 20 aceae - +: - 49| 800] 23] . 150. 23] 1501 — | — | 18| 1001 8 45 Sa ighiaceae - - | 65 700| 16 80| 16 80) — | — ||, 10] 45| 10 30 4 13 oniaceae + - - 3 ae — ge er er ie | }—| —|}—}.— lysiaceae+ - - 5 OOH ep el | Eee ae landraceae - - 3 25 — | — | — |. — ee |) se ie a In STATISTICAL TABLE. North | Central | | Whole Africa | _ Africa | Earth (in all) || (indigenous) | en zn = a Polygalaceae > + - | oar 700 6 240) 6| 240 Dichapetalaceae + | 3 wo 2 75) 2 75 Euphorbiaceae - | 278] 4500] 122) 1200] 117| I 150) Callitr'chaceae 1 25 l 8] 6 ı 6 Buxaceae | 7 30|| 3} | 8 Empetraceae - | 3| 4 2 21° 2 2] Coriariaceae T| 8 I I | I | Limnanthaceae - - | 2| 5; —| — |I—-| — | Anacardiaceae | 69) 480 | 29 E27 50 26 240 | Cyrillaceae - | 3) 6) || — Pentaphylacaceae - | 1 i — || — — Corynocarpaceae - | 1| Teh He a 16.2708 Aquifoliaceae Al WZBO ean 5 I 5 Celastraceae es 500|| 15 160| 15 160 Hippocrateaceae | 31, 7200 Er 110 3 110 Salvadoraceae | 3 Gree 3 6 3 6 Stackhousiaceae- - 2 Tape = Ae | Staphyleaceae 6 20 ee esd (as | Icacinaceae - 48| 200), 19 g0| 19 90 Aceraceae 2| 110 I Ae 1 4 Hippocastanaceae - 3| I5; — | — —| | Sapindaceae | 128) rool 51 200) 47| 200) Sabiaceae 3 FO} ba a a Melianthaceae | 3 30], 3 JON 3 30 Balsaminaceae | 2| 350’ 1]... rool!’ a] | rool Rhamnaceae - 52 500, 18) 140 | 18 140 Vitaceae - 12 500 | 5 200 5 200 Elaeocarpaceae + - | Si ago ty 15|| 15 Chlaenaceae ae eae 25 7 0 N, 25) Gonystilaceae- + + | I 7; —|.— || — | Tiliaceae 45| 350], 18] 260] 18 260) Malvaceae - | 50) 900 21] 3001 21| © 390] Bombacaceae 715622 140 3 13 3 13 Sterculiaceae - 57) 8201 28| 47017261. "470 Scytopetalaceae 5 40 5| 40 5 40 Dilleniaceae 14 320 3 25 3 25 Eucryphiaceae I 4,—| — —|— Ochnaceae - 22|' ., 260 lee ERO ANDRE yo) Caryocaraceae | 2 15/ — | — _- Marcgraviaceae - | 5 so — | — —|}| — Quiinaceae - 2 20)( —— en bes 4 Theaceae - | 20 200 6 12 5 Io Guttiferae - | so 8501| 16 180| 16 180) Dipterocarpaceae- || 19) 340| 2 15 2 15| Elatinaceae | 2 ssi 2 is 2 15 Frankeniaceae 5| 60| 2| ı0| 2 10 Tamaricaceae 4 90 3 25 3 25 Fouquieriaceae + + | 1| ae |! Ze ee Ze Cistaceae- 7| 1240| 5 75 5 75 Bixaceae . 1 I I ye BS Cochlospermaceae - 3 20 2 7 2 vi Koeberliniaceae I 1} — | — —| — Winteranaceae 4 8] 2 4| 2! 4 Mal Africa Africa | er RE | = dl ı| ta 5| 90 I —|—| 2 65 I 5} 70] 95) 600) 47 I 5 I 1 — | — I] 1 | al I I — || — I | — |e gd (BY do | | ae 2| 6 16 130|| 12 =| pe he) De I 4 I | I a, ae = 5 50, 9 anny ees 3| "Tool 1| I 3) 6 I re > N —|-|-| — || —- 77 > 15) 65) 10 I 4 —-| —- || — — — | 29 120. 23 \| a4) = N wie ee een 8 — | — I ae 2 85 1| 3): TS tal Pea 2| 2| 4; 160 ai — — I} I I cae een ech Mia 7 en a, 2 Alle 17 180 8 7; 40 16 140| 13 gl |) 3 9 I I I| 19 190 14 —| —| 5 40 — | — en] I 18 aie Aste) hy oad 6 120 3 I I I Tie 3 1] 25)) 12 85| 11 —|—| 1 15 I 2 6 I 83 — | — 9) 2 | mea || LS - ka Te Ss 3 — | — NEE tae 1 Oe a a SS Sal i —|— I 5 Tie =i} Phas 1| ait 2X herbiaceae: - illoraceae: - - ariaceae - - ceae + + 9 eae . . . iscaceae oniaceae trocladaceae - . ae . . . . lomataceae - aeaceae r a eae . * . . elaeaceae - gnaceae aceae ratiaceae + - jicaceae ie ‚ythidaceae | ophoraceae . aceae - mgiaceae nbretaceae- rtaceae - - lastomataceae aotheraceae hagaceae - Dpuridaceae nomoriaceae - f 12 eae . . . elliferae » - - Tnaceae - - ethraceae - tolaceae - Oaceae- - aceae cridaceae - jensiaceae ophrastaceae Sinaceae nulaceae - - nbaginaceae otaceae estigmataceae maceae - iplocaceae- - aceae ichlamydeae - Whole North Central Earth (in all) || (indigenous) | Africa Africa 17} 450) 4 1001 4 100) I 15 4, 55 84 650) 46 250) 46 250) — a ae 150 I | = | el Pe | 7 100 7 20 7 20 —| 3 12 | 351 —| — |—| — || — || — 13} 380| 8 75 8 7O, —| — 6 45 3 al 3] 3) 3 3] =) lee a 3 30/2 3 7) a — foe, ae 2 23.2501, ı Mies, ©] Tiere AS oo 3 Ch | — In) een ey £450]... TO. 13) ARTO pe |e I 90 I 10 I 2| I) 2 — | — I 2 23 1500| ., 5 13} | Wir | = ed 3 I 2| I 2| 1 | ee ee I Sed Basl 5) 3515| SE | a Mr I 7 I 7\ I Ais lau ee 3 41} 450| 17| 250|| 16) 250 2), Teh. 8 95 3 Sol... I Zt | "lie Sep |E eee u Ben 25 500, 12 90| 11 90. 4 15| 7 65 4 Zell: 1 1| 1 ee | Se I I 2 I 2 1 il — | — I EU e250 4 I5| 4 15 —ıi 3 8 18 60| 10 45| 10 45| — | — 8 30 3 8 — — cet — | ann — za I 20 I 2| ı 2) — | — I I 17) 450| 12) 330) 12) 3301 — | — 10} 280, 76 2900| 10 Soi. 17 751 8 I} 3] 35 169| 2800| 33} 280) 33] 280// — | — || 24 160) 39| 500]! I0 40| 6] 35 01 al, 4 20) Ze ESO. 3 15,3 151 2), Al 3 I Elan yt ele Spe Nee I | 1 Kulm a I | ES wine al 55| 660) 8 Ties Blase Zaun ee Il 3 25 270 2500 92 410 92 410) 71) 210) 29 80, IO, 100) 4 6 4 6) — | — | I I | 4512| 67500 1703| 16700 1632, 16600) 454 | | | 1 30) 1| i I I | I I~—, — Io Sal. ee | = Ale a. See Re 77| 1550| 17| 720] ı7) 7201 5| 12] zi go Ban esa mae) = aes: | er) Moe ee ae 6 9 — — m. ee | = = ae, ee ele ER | eer ee 32; 1000) 10) 130)/ 10 130 3 3] 5 35 22 560) Il 45| 10 45 9 20 7 20 | 101 280] 7 90 7 91 5] 60] 4 18 51 650° 19) 150 16 140 2| | IIo | I} 2)} I} 2 I} 2 — | — I} 2 edt zl egeolliial6l, 10" 6 zo | > Bids BO ı 301 — | — Ih | — — en 7 ‚zıols.«r] ıl 1 1 — | — I I STATISTICAL TABLE. Africa Africa 589 ; ‘ Malagasy | South Islands Africa i Sie > 301 08 8 18 951 I 25 31: thblovghvnds | 7 |» malnlamnling ee ee I I Ij, +20 I 7 I 4 1 I (Eee I 2 —— | le Dr TR I 4 4 17|| 10) 130 — — — | — 7\ 17ll 6b 25 I! 1, le | —- || — 2 gi 1 I 8} 20 4 5 4 1 — | — 6 401 4 25 a4} = 35|wr4444626 | 14 10| 30.9 3 I2 4 12 | Ang 3 |} — | — | — | — es | a test pret | 7} al 2 10 8| 20 30) 120 2 4 I I nn 2300 1054 7800| 577 2950| 573 5000 © 45|| 12! 630 7 951 4 8 2 6 2 8 I 3 3 15 5 39 3 15 3 35 4 35 590 STATISTICAL TABLE. —_ —_ — — — — nee Whole Africa Africa North Central Malagasy Earth (in all) (indigenous) Africa Africa Islands Oleaceae: » * + - 25 420| II} 120|| Io 120 EB’ fer 5| 79 4 20 Loganiaceae - - - 33l ssoll 14! 240 14| 2401 — | — 8| ı170ll 10 %o Gentianaceae » : - zu #000 23| 1.2501 2310 250 5 | Sale zE 110 91’ as Apocynaceae + - - 165| 1300| 61) 450ll 57l 440 2 2|| 42 330|| .25)° (95 Asclepiadaceae - - 267| 2200|| 118; I100|| 116} 1100| IT 18|| 75 470) 33 75 Convolvulaceae + - 45) 1150| 34 450]| 31 440 6 60]} 28 290| 17 80 Polemoniaceae - - 13} 280) —| — |—| — |I—| — f—) — || — Hydrophyllaceae - rit Toll. 8 2 2 Ze 2| 7 th) "ae Borraginaceae - - 97| 1500] 37) 3701| 34| 370|| 23, 1301 ı9| 160] 6 20 Verbenaceae - - - 80 9001| 27; 340|| 25} 320} 5 Whe 3S 230], 13) 60 Labiatae +: - - 170| 3400| 70 1200 er 1200) 34 2501| 48 700|| 22 95 Nolanaceae - - - 3 sol — | = wit Pe ae hae pee eo Solanaceae » - - - 83 2109| 16 220\h 12 2001| 8 30 9 1201 4 30 Scrophulariaceae - 210| 3000| 107 1150| 101) 1150| 29 160]) 62 380| 28; ‘50 Bignoniaceae - - - 109}, 670, 21 g90|| 20 go — | — 10 40 13) 50 Pedaliaceae- - - - 17 z0| 14 65|| 14 65 — — 13 sale 8 Martyniaceae - - 3 10| 1 ıl— 7 — || | | — || Orobanchaceae - - 13 1301 2 30 2 30 2 30 2 7; — | — Gesneraceae - - - 97| 1150| 6 65 6 65| — | — 6 35 2 13 Columelliaceae - - I 2l— — sg — — ||| — | | ed er Lentibulariaceae - 6| 2601 2 0): Meee KLAR: | a ANE nz zoll. “hee Globulariaceae - - 3 20 3 6 g I 2 4 2 .2| — — Acanthaceae +: - 214| 2400| 106 11ool| 103) 1100) 4 SH Zo 800) 52 190 Myoporaceae + - - 5 go|| 3 4 3 4 — | — I | ee I Phrymaceae - - - I i— — f—) — |- — fF —]| — | — | = Plantaginaceae - - 3l 2001 2 gol’ © 2} ©* 40 2| © ‘golf? eal 10) 1| I Rubiaceae - + » - 407} 5500|| 150, 1900} 147 1900]! 12 65}} 102) 1400} 73 320 Caprifoliaceae - - II 370 4 15 3 131° 3 13 ı 1) 3 Adoxaceae - : - - I ılı — | — I— | — I | — PK | =] | Hr Valerianaceae- - - 12 310 4 35 4 35 4 30 | | =| = Dipsacaceae + - - 9} 1600| 7} soll 7 sol] 7; 301g) 10] —.) — Cucurbitaceae - - 97) 750ll 42] 2z70ll 38| 260 5 8| 32} 1901 14 20 Campanulaceae - - 67]. 1200| 26, 4001 25 400]} ı1/ 40 9 120 7 20 Goodeniaceae » + - rH G20 I 2 I 2| — | — I I I 2 Stylidiaceae - - - Gh zoll |: ee le ine Mein foai,], KU Calyceraceae + - - 4 | eee Ree | ee eee eae ep Compositae: + - - 915] 13500]| 327| 4200|| 314, 4150| 111, 600|| 155) 1250 69 430 Metachlamydeae - | 3549| 50400||1314| 15500]||1256 15300) 317 1750|| 793 7300| 433, 1900 Dicotyledoneae + + || 8061|118000||3017 322002888) 31900| 771) 4050||1847, 151001010 4850 Angiospermae - + ||10005|144000|3698| 40000 |3538| 39700) 977. 4850112228) 19000 1271 DR Phanerogamae » =» |10055|144500||3712 arobhas3l 39800|| 984 4900)|2235 19000111274 6100 1401 GLOSSARY OF BOTANICAL TERMS ABORTIVE (abortivus). Imperfectly developed. ACCRESCENT (accrescens). Increasing in size with age. -ACCUMBENT (accumbens). Placed along the edge, especially of the cotyledons. _ACHENE (achaenium). A dry and indehiscent fruit, expecially one with a thin pericarp. ACUMINATE (acuminatus). Narrowed at the top and drawn out into a point. ACUTE (acutus). Sharply pointed, but not drawn out. | ADELPHOUS (adelphus). United in bundles, e.g., diadelphous = united in two bundles. ADHERENT (adhaerens). Slightly united to an organ of another kind, usually to a part of another whorl. ADNATE (adnatus). Closely ‘united with an organ of another kind, usually with a part of another whorl. Adnate anthers have their halves attached through their whole length to the filament. ARIAL (aéveus). Growing above the surface of the earth or water. AESTIVATION (aestivatio). Praefloration, i.e., the arrangement of the perianth-leaves in the bud. ALBUMEN (albumen). The nutritive tissue (endosperm or perisperm) in which the embryo is more or less immersed. _ ALTERNATE (alternus). Placed between two parts ; or inserted one on each node. _ ANDROGYNOUS (androgynus). Containing both male and female flowers. > ANDROPHORE (androphorum). An elongation of the receptacle below the stamens. ANNUAL (annuus). Terminating its whole cycle of life within one year. ‘ANNULAR (annularis). Ring-shaped. ANTERIOR (anticus). Placed in front; or turned away from the axis upon which the organ is inserted. ANTHER (anthera). The thickened upper part of the stamen, which encloses the pollen. It usually consists of two halves (cells) containing two pollen-sacs each and opening by a conimon slit or pore. APPRESSED (appressus). Pressed close. AREOLE (areola). A space marked out on a surface. ARIL (arillus). An expansion of the funicle or the adjoining part of the testa, more or less enveloping the seed. ASCENDING (ascendens). Directed upwards. An ascending stem is more or less prostrate at the base, then erect ; an ascending ovule is attached somewhat above the base. _ ASYMMETRICAL (asymmetricus). Which cannot be divided into two or more similar parts. _ AURICLE (auriculus). An earlet, i.e., a small roundish lateral appendage of a leaf or leaf- like organ. _Awn (arista). A’ strong bristle-like appendage. Axit (avilla). The upper angle between a leaf and the stem from which it springs. _ AXILE (axilis). Placed in the axis. AXILLARY (avillaris). Placed in the axil of a leaf. Axis (axis). The line round which an organ is developed ; or the part of the plant on. which other parts are attached, especially the stem. BaccateE (baccatus). Berry-like. _ BarBep (glochidiatus). Beset with hairs or spines directed backwards. _ BASIFIXED (basifixus). Attached by the bottom. 591 592 GLOSSARY Berry (bacca). A succulent indehiscent fruit with a thin and soft (membranous, parch- ment-like, or cartilaginous) endocarp. BIENNIAL (biennis). Fruiting the second year and then perishing. BLADE (lamina). The upper expanded part of a leaf or leaf-like organ. Bract (bractea). A modified leaf, usually reduced in size, intermediate between the foliage- leaves and the flowers, especially those in the axil of which a flower or branch of in- florescence arises. BRACTEOLE (bracteola). A bract arising immediately below a flower or on the pedicel. Bug (bulbus). A usually underground part of the stem of certain plants, which is sur- rounded by numerous fleshy scales. Capucous (caducus). Falling off very early. CaLyx (calyx). The outer floral envelope, usually smaller and firmer than the inner and of green colour. CAMPANULATE (campanulatus). Bell-shaped. CAPITATE (capitatus). Head-like. CAPSULE (capsula). A dry dehiscent fruit, especially if formed of several carpels. CARPEL (carpellum). A modified leaf bearing the female reproductive organs (ovules). CARUNCLE (caruncula). An outgrowth near the hilum of certain seeds. CATKIN (amentum). A deciduous spike with a thin rachis and inconspicuous unisexual flowers. CAULINE (caulinus). Arising along the stem. CELL (cellula). One of the sack-like bodies of which the tissue of the plants is composed. CELL (loculus). One of the cavities into which the ovary, the fruit, and the anthers are usually divided. The number of anther-cells refers to the time after their dehiscence, 2-celled anthers being 4-celled when young. CENTRIFUGAL (centrifugus). Developing from the centre outwards or from the apex towards the base. CENTRIPETAL (centripetus). Developing from without towards the centre or from the base towards the apex. CIRCINNATE (circinnatus). Coiled from the apex downwards. CIRCUMSCISS (circumscissus). Split circularly around. CLAw (unguis). The narrow base of perianth-leaves, especially petals. CLEFT (fissus, -fidus). - Divided half-way down. COHERENT (cohaerens). Slightly united to an organ of the same kind. COLLATERAL (collateralis). Placed side by side. CompounD LEAF (folium compositum). A leaf formed of leaflets jointed with the rachis and usually falling off separately. CONDUPLICATE (conduplicatus). Doubled along the midrib. Cone (conus). A spike-like inflorescence flower or fruit with large bracts or scales usually becoming woody at maturity. CONFLUENT (confluens). Blended into one. CONNATE (connatus). United with an organ of the same kind by confluence of the margins or by elongation of the common base. CONNECTIVE (conneclivum). The part of the stamen which connects the anther-halves. CONNIVENT (connivens). Converging. CONTORTED (contortus). Imbricate in bud, all segments overlapping on the same side (to the right or the left from the spectator). - CONVOLUTE (convolutus). Rolled up from one margin. CORDATE (cordatus). Heart-shaped, i.e., with two rounded basal lobes. Corm (cormus). The thickened base of certain stems, enveloped by some large scales and usually underground. CoROLLA (corolla). The inner floral envelope, usually larger than the outer, of soft texture, and bright coloured. Corona (corona). A crown formed by scale- or thread-like appendages of the perianth or the stamens. be u GLOSSARY 593 CoryMB (corymbus). A more or less flat-topped, raceme-like or compound inflorescence. Cortony (tomentosus). Covered with short matted hairs, CoTYLEDON (cotyledo). Seed-leaf, i.e., one of the first leaves of the embryo, which differ from the following. CRENATE (crenatus). With rounded teeth at the margin. CRUSTACEOUS (crustaceus). Crusty, i.e., thin and brittle. CYME (cyma). An inflorescence of the centrifugal (cymose) type, especially when loose and equally-branched. CYMOSE (cymosus). Consisting of a main axis, which ends in a flower, and several stronger lateral axes. CYSTOLITH (cystolithus). Cell-stone, i.e., a hard outgrowth of the cell-wall, appearing as a point or short line on the surface of the leaves of certain plants. DEcıDuouSs (deciduus). Falling off after flowering or at the end of the season. DECUMBENT (decumbers). Reclining. DECURRENT (decurrens). Prolonged below the insertion. DEHISCENT (dehiscens). Opening spontaneously when ripe to discharge the contents (seeds or pollen). DENTATE (dentatus). Toothed, i.e., provided with small incisions and projections on the margin. DESCENDING (descendens). Tending downwards ; or attached somewhat below the apex. DicHoTomovs (dichotomus). Repeatedly divided in pairs, each branch dividing into two subequal branches. Dipymovus (didymus). Bi-globose, i.e., divided into two roundish lobes. Dipynamous (didynamus). In two pairs of unequal length. DIGITATE (digitatus). Palmately compound. Dioxciovus (dioicus). Unisexual and the male and female flowers on different plants. Disc (discus). A usually ring-, cushion-, or cup-shaped expansion of the receptacle. DIssECTED (dissectus). Divided to the base, but not jointed with the rachis. DissEPIMENT (septum). A partition of the interior of the ovary, usually formed by the margins of the carpels. A partition not having that origin is called a false or spurious dissepiment. DIVARICATE (divaricatus). Diverging at an angle approaching 180°. Dorsat (dorsalis). Situated on the back, especially on the midrib of a folded leaf or leaf- like organ ; or turned away from the axis to which the organ in question is attached. DorsIFIXED (dorsifixus). Attached by the back. Drure (drupa). Stone-fruit, i.e., a fruit with a hard (bony, woody, or crusty) endocarp called the stone, a succulent, more or less fleshy mesocarp, and a thin (membranous or leathery) epicarp. Eıripricat (ellipticus). About twice as long as broad and narrowed towards both ends. EMARGINATE (emarginatus). With a small, usually apical notch. Empryo (embryo). The rudimentary plant formed in the seed. Enpocarp (endocarpium). The innermost layer of the pericarp. ENTIRE (integerrimus). Without toothing or division. EPIcALyx (epicalyx). A whorl of bracts closely surrounding a flower and resembling an outer calyx. EpicarpP (epicarpium). The outermost layer of the pericarp. rai : Epicynous (epigynus). Inserted at the upper edge of a concave receptacle which is united with the ovary. ; EPIPHYTE (epiphyticus). Growing upon other plants without deriving nourishment from them. Ex- (ex-). Without. Exalbuminous= without albumen. Exstipulate = without stipules. Exocarp (exocarpium). The outermost layer of the pericarp. EXSERTED (exsertus). Projecting beyond the tube of the perianth or corolla. EXTRORSE (extrorsus). Turned outwards. : 2 3] 594 GLOSSARY FALCATE (falcatus). Sickle-shaped. FASCICLE (fasciculus). A cluster, especially a short and dense cymose inflorescence of distinctly stalked or conspicuous flowers. FEMALE FLOWER (flos foemineus). A flower containing fertile (ovule-bearing) carpels, but no fertile (pollen-producing) stamens. FERTILE (festilis). Capable of producing progeny, especially bearing pollen or ovules which develop into seeds. FILAMENT (filamentum). The lower narrow part (the stalk) of the stamen. FILIFORM (filiformis). Thread-shaped, i.e., cylindrical and very slender. FLExvuous (flexuosus). Bent alternately in opposite directions. FoLıAcEouvs (foliaceus). Leaf-like, i.e., having the shape and texture of a foliage-leaf. FOLIOLE (foliolum). Leaflet, i.e., one of the leaf-like parts of a compound leaf, which are jointed to the rachis. FOoLLicle (folliculus). A one-celled fruit opening lengthwise (at the ventral suture). FORKED (furcatus). Divided into two subequal branches. FREE (liber). Not united, not even at the base. FUNICLE (funiculus). The stalk of the ovule. GAMO- (gamo-). With the parts more or less united, e.g., gamopetalous = with the petals. united below into a ring, cup, or tube. GLABROUS (glaber). Without hairs. GLAND (glans). A thick, usually roundish outgrowth, generally secreting a liquid. GLANDULAR (glandulosus). Bearing a gland or glands. GLOMERULE (glomerulus). A short and dense cymose inflorescence of subsessile incon- spicuous flowers. GLUME (gluma). A chaffy bract, especially in the inflorescence of grasses. GYNOPHORE (gynophorum). An elongation of the receptacle below the carpels. HASTATE (hastatus). Halbard-shaped, i.e., with two acute basal lobes turned outwards. HEAD (capitulum). A centripetal inflorescence with a short and usually thick axis and sessile or nearly sessile flowers. HERMAPHRODITE (hermaphroditus). Bisexual, i.e., containing both kinds of sexual organs (stamens and carpels) in complete development. Hırum (hilus). The point where the ovule or the seed is attached to the funicle or the placenta. HIRSUTE (hirsutus). Densely covered with erect, rather short and stiff hairs. HıspıD (hispidus). Beset with long stiff hairs. HYALINE (hyalinus). Membranous and translucid. Hypocynous (hypogynus). Inserted at the base of the ovary or below it, upon a small and flat or an elevated receptacle. IMBRICATE (imbricalus). bud. IMPARIPINNATE (imparipinnatus). Unequally pinnate, i.e., pinnate with a terminal leaflet. INCLUDED (inclusus). Concealed within the tube of the perianth or corolla. INCUMBENT (incumbens). Placed upon the back, especially of the cotyledons. INDEHISCENT (indehiscens). Remaining closed at maturity. INDUPLICATE (induplicatus). Doubled along the midrib, with the margins turned inwards. INFERIOR OVARY (ovarium inferum). An ovary adnate to a concave receptacle or to the tube of the perianth or calyx. INFLORESCENCE (inflorescentia). The flowering part of a branch and the arrangement. of the flowers upon it. The flower-clusters constituting together a compound in- florescence are termed partial inflorescences. INTRORSE (introrsus). Turned inwards. INVERTED OVULE (ovulum anatropum). An ovule with the micropyle next to the hilum. INVOLUCEL (involucellum). The involucre of a partial inflorescence. Overlapping at the edges, as the tiles of a roof, especially in the GLOSSARY 595 INVOLUCRE (involucrum). A group of bracts surrounding an inflorescence. INVOLUTE (involutus). Rolled inward from the margins towards the midrib. IRREGULAR FLOWER (flos irregularis). A flower with unequally shaped or disposed per- ianth-leaves. JoINTED (articulatus). Divided into portions which subsequently separate ; or separating at the point of attachment. LACINIATE (laciniatus). Lacerated, i.e., slit into narrow and irregular segments. LANCEOLATE (lanceolatus). About 3—6 times as long as broad and ending in an angle or point. LEGUME (legumen). A one-celled fruit opening by two valves. LIGULATE (ligulatus). Strap-shaped, i.e., produced on one side into a long and narrow limb. LiGuLE (ligula). A strap-shaped body, especially the scale-like appendage on the inner side of certain leaves, usually between the sheath and the blade. Lime (limbus). The upper, more or less expanded part of a perianth. LINEAR (linearis). Very narrow (many times as long as broad) with almost parallel edges. Lip (labium). A part of a perianth formed of several united segments or of one large segment which is separated from the rest. LoBE (lobus). Division of a leaf or a perianth, especially when short. LoBED (lobatus). Shortly divided, the incisions not reaching to the middle. Locuticipat (loculicidus). Opening along the median line of the outer wall of the ovary- or fruit-cells (along the dorsal suture of the carpels). LYRATE (lyvatus). Lyre-shaped, i.e., pinnately divided with a large and rounded terminal lobe and small lateral ones. MALE FLowER (flos masculus). A flower containing fertile (pollen-producing) stamens, but no fertile carpels. MEDIAN (medianus). Placed in the middle-line of a bilateral organ. MERICARP (mericarpium). Partial fruit, i.e., one of the parts into which a schizocarp separates. MERouSs (merus). With the parts of the flower consisting of a certain number of divisions or leaves, e.g., dimerous =with the parts in twos. MEsocaRP (mesocarpium). The intermediate layer of the pericarp. MICROPYLE (micropyle). The aperture in the coats of the ovule. MonoEcious (monoicus). Unisexual and the flowers of both sexes on the same plant. MUCRONATE (mucronatus). Ending in a short bristle-like point (mucro). Muticous (muticus). Without awns or spines. NAKED (nudus). Not enveloped by a perianth or by carpels. NERVE (nervus). A vascular bundle in a leaf or leaf-like organ, usually appearing as a dark or translucent line or a ridge projecting on the under surface. NET-VEINED (reticulatim venosus). With the lateral nerves irregularly connected by a net- work of small veins. NEUTER (neuter). Without perfect sexual organs. NoDe (nodus). The usually knot-like part of the stem, where a leaf or a whorl of leaves are inserted. Nur (mux). A dry and indehiscent fruit, especially one with a thick and hard rind. OB- (ob-). Reversediy. Thus obcordate or obovate=cordate or ovate, the upper part the broader. OBLONG (oblongus). About 3—6 times as long as broad and rounded at the top. OBTuse (obtusus). Blunt, i.e., narrowed, but not pointed at the apex. OPEN AESTIVATION (aestivatio aperta). A form of aestivation in which the margins of the perianth-leaves do not touch one another. OPPosITE (oppositus). Set against in pairs at the same level ; or placed one before another. Ovat (ovalis). About twice as long as broad and rounded at the top. 596 GLOSSARY Ovary (ovarium). The lower part of the pistil, which encloses the ovules. OvaTE (ovatus). Shaped like the longitudinal section of an egg, i.e., oval and narrowed towards the top. OvoıD (ovoideus). Egg-shaped. OvuULE (ovulum). The grain-like body which contains the female reproductive cells and developes into the seed after fertilization. PALMATE (palmatus). With the divisions or branches springing from one point. PANICLE (panicula). A repeatedly branched inflorescence of more or less pyramidal or ovoid form. PapıLLa (papilla). A soft superficial protuberance. PARALLELNERVED (farallelinervius). With the principal nerves nearly parallel and connected almost at right angles by equally subparallel side-nerves. PaRASITE (planta parasitica). A plant growing upon an other plant and feeding from it. PARIETAL (parietalis). Attached to the wall of the ovary, usually at the sutures of the carpels. PARIPINNATE (paripinnatus). Equally or abruptly pinnate, i.e., pinnate without a terminal leaflet. PARTED (partitus). Divided nearly to the base. PEDATE (pedatus). With the larger branches or divisions springing from the lowest lateral ones. PEDICEL (pedicellus). The stalk of a flower. PEDUNCLE (pedunculus). The stalk of an inflorescence. PELTATE (feltatus). Shield-shaped, i.e., roundish and attached by the middle of the under surface. PENICILLATE (penicillatus). Shaped like a tuft of hairs or a painter’s brush. PENNINERVED (penninervius). With pinnate nervation. PERENNIAL (perennis). Not perishing after maturity, the underground part of the stem at least remaining alive. PERIANTH (pevianthium). Floral envelope, i.e., the aggregate of the modified leaves sur- rounding the stamens and carpels and forming part of the flower. PERICARP (pericarpium). The wall of the fruit enclosing the seeds. PERIGYNOUS (perigynus). Inserted upon the margin of a more or less concave receptacle which is free from the ovary, at some distance from and usually higher than the ovary. PERSISTENT (fersistens). Remaining on the plant at the time of maturity. PETAL (petalum). One of the inner perianth-leaves, usually differing from the outer in the larger size, the softer texture, and the bright colour. PETALOID (petaloideus). Petal- or corolla-like. PETIOLE (petiolus). The foot-stalk of a leaf. PHYLLODE (phyllodium). A broadened, leaf-like branch. Pinna (pinna). One of the lateral branches or divisions of a pinnate organ. PINNATE (pinnatus). With the divisions, leaflets, or branches arranged along each side of the midrib or rachis. Unequally pinnate leaves have a terminal leaflet, equally (abruptly) pinnate ones have none. Pistit (pistillum). The aggregate of the carpels of a flower PLACENTA (placenta). The part of the ovary or fruit which bears the ovules or seeds. PLICATE (plicatus). Folded along the ribs. PLUMULE (plumula). The upper part of the embryo (above the cotyledons). POLLEN (pollen). ‘The fertilizing cells produced in the anthers. PoOLYGAMOUS (polygamus). Partly hermaphrodite and partly unisexual. POSTERIOR (posticus). Directed towards the axis upon which the organ in question is in- serted. PRAEFLORATION (praeflovatio). The arrangement of the perianth-leaves in the bud. PRAEFOLIATION (Praefoliatio). The mode in which a foliage-leaf is disposed before its expansion. PROCUMBENT (procumbens). Spreading along the ground. "a = | GLOSSARY 597 QUINCUNCIAL (quincuncialis). Imbricate in bud, so that one perianth-leaf is overlapped on one side only, the others on either or neither side. RACEME (racemus). A centripetal (racemose) inflorescence with an elongated axis and distinctly stalked flowers. RACEMOSE (racemosus, botryosus). Consisting of a main axis not ending in a flower and a number of weaker Jateral axes. Racniıs (rhachis). The main axis of an inflorescence or of a compound leaf. RADIATING (radians). Spreading all round; or bearing larger flowers or larger periaath- leaves at the circumference than in the centre. RADICAL (radicalis). Arising from the base of the stem, apparently from the root. RADICLE (vadicula). The lower part of the embryo (below the cotyledons). RAPHE (raphe). A cord of tissue forming a prolongation of the funicle along the coats of the ovule. > RECEPTACLE (receptaculum). The extremity of the flower-stalk bearing the floral envelopes and the sexual organs; or the enlarged end of a branch upon which the flowers are seated. REDUPLICATE (veduplicatus). Doubled along the midrib with the margins turned outwards. REFLEXED (reflexus). Bent back. REGULAR (regularis). With all parts of the same kind, especialiy all perianth leaves, equal in shape and arrangement. RENIFORM (reniformis). Kidney-shaped. REVOLUTE (revolutus). Rolled backwards from the margins. Ris (costa). A strong, more or less projecting nerve. Root-stock (rhizoma). The root-like, underground or prostrate lowest part of the stem of certain plants. Rotate (votatus). Wheel-shaped, i.e., with a very short tube and a spreading limb. RUDIMENTARY (rudimentarius). Very imperfectly developed. RUMINATE (ruminatus). Marked with irregular fissures. RUNCINATE (runcinatus). Pinnately cleft with pointed recurved lobes. SACCATE (saccatus). Provided with a pouch-shaped appendage. SAGITTATE (sagittatus). Arrow-shaped, i.e., with two acute basal lobes directed downwards. SALVER-SHAPED (hypocraterimorphus). With a long and narrow tube and a spreading limb. SAPROPHYTE (saprophytum). A plant living upon decaying organic matter. SCALE (squama). A reduced leaf usually destitute of green colour, or a similar outgrowth of the skin of a plant. ScaPE (scapus). A leafless stalk of an inflorescence rising from the ground. SCARIOUS (scariosus). Dry and membranous. SCHIZOCARP (schizocarpium, fructus in coccos secedens). A fruit separating into several usually nut-like mericarps. ScoRPIOID (scorpioideus). One-sided and coiled at the top. SEGMENT (segmentum). A division of a deeply divided leaf, or a division of the perianth, especially when the latter is deeply divided. SEPAL (sepalum). An outer perianth-leaf, usually small, green, and of a firm texture. SEPALOID (sepaloideus). Sepal- or calyx-like. SEPTATE (septatus). Chambered, i.e., divided into cells by dissepiments. SEPTICIDAL (septicidus). Opening at the dissepiments or placentas. SEPTIFRAGAL (septifragus). Opening so that the valves of the fruit break away from the dissepiments. SERRATE (serratus). Cut at the margin into sharp teeth direct towards the apex. SESSILE (sessilis). Without a stalk. SHEATH (vagina). The dilated base of certain leaves. SIMPLE (simplex). Without branches ; or without segments jointed to the rachis. SMOOTH (laevis). With an even surface (without protuberances). 598 GLOSSARY 'SPADIX (spadix). A spike with a thick axis and inconspicuous flowers, usually enveloped by a spathe. SPATHE (spatha). A large bract more or less enveloping a flower or inflorescence. SPATULATE (spathulatus). More or less rounded above and tapering towards the base. SPIKE (spica). A centripetal (racemose) inflorescence with an elongated axis and sessile or nearly sessile flowers. SPIKELET (spicula). A spike-like partial inflorescence. STAMEN (stamen). A modified leaf bearing the male reproductive cells (the pollen) STAMINODE (staminodium). A barren stamen (without anthers or with incompletely devel- oped anthers). STERILE (sterilis). Barren, i.e., without well developed ovules or pollen. STIGMA (stigma). The uppermost, papillose part of the pistil, which receives the pollen. STIPEL (stipella). A stipule at the base of a leaflet of a compound leaf. STIPULE (stipula). A leaf-or scale-like appendage of the leaf-base. STRIATE (siriatus). Marked with longitudinal lines. STROPHIOLE (strophiolus). Caruncle, i.e., an outgrowth near the hilum of certain seeds. STYLE (stylus). The narrowed part of the pistil, intermediate between the ovary and the stigma. Sup- (sub-). Under; or almost, somewhat ; e.g., subsessile = almost sessile. SUBTEND ((subtendere). Extend under; especially : bear in its axil. SUBULATE (subulatus). Awl-shaped, i.e., very narrow and pointed. SUFFRUTICOSE (suffruticosus). Woody at the base, herbaceous above. SUPERIOR OVARY (ovarium superum). An ovary free from the receptacle and the perianth. SUTURE (sutuva). Line of union, especially of the margins of carpels. SYMMETRICAL (symmetricus). Divisible by one or several planes into two or more similar parts. SYMPETALOUS (sympetalus, gamopetalus). With the petals more or less united. TERETE (feves). Cylindrical and circular in transverse section. TERNATE (ternatus). In threes; especially with 3 leaflets or divisions. TESTA (festa). The outer coat of the seed. THROAT (faux). The mouth of the perianth-tube. TOMENTOSE (tomentosus). Cottony, i.e., covered with short, soft, matted hairs. TOOTHED (dentatus). Provided with short marginal incisions, especiaily when they are sharp and turned ouiwards. TRIQUETROUS (iriqueter). Three-edged (with 3 salient angles). TRUNCATE (truncatus). Terminating abruptly as though cut off at the end. TuBE (tubus). A hollow, more or less elongated body, especially the lower undivided and more or less narrowed part of the perianth, or a concave receptacle bearing the perianth at the margin. TUBER (tuber). A short and thick, more or less fleshy underground part of a stem, not surrounded by scales, or a similar root. TUBERCLE (fuberculum). A wart-like swelling on the surface of an organ UMBEL (umbelia). A centripetal (racemose) inflorescence with a very short axis and stalked flowers arising apparently all from the same point. UMBONATE (umbonalus). Bearing a boss in the centre of the surface. UNARMED (inermis). Without spines or bristles. UNDERSHRUB (suffrutex). A plant woody in the lower part of the above-ground stem, herbaceous towards the top. UNIFOLIOLATE (unfoliolatus). With a single leaflet, which is jointed to the leaf-stalk. UNISEXUAL (unisexualis). Having only the organs of one sex completely developed ; or containing the flowers of one sex only. URCEOLATE (urceolatus). Urn- or pitcher-shaped, i.e., with an inflated tube contiacted at the mouth. UTRICLE (utriculus). A bladder-shaped indehiscent or irregularly bursting fruit. GLOSSARY 599 VALVATE (valvatus). With the margins meeting in the bud without overlapping. VASCULAR BUNDLES (fasciae vasculares). Fibre-like bundles of vessels (confluent cells). VEIN (vena). A faint nerve. VENTRAL (ventralis). Placed at or directed towards the inner side of the carpel. VENTRICOSE (ventricosus). Swelling on one side. VERNATION (vernatio). Praefoliation, i.e., the disposition of a leaf in the bud. VERSATILE (versatilis). Attached by a point and turning freely on its support: WINGED (alatus). With a much projecting, thin and flat appendage. WHoRL (verticillus). A group of similar organs arranged in a circle round an axis. WHORLED (verticillatus). Arranged in whorls of 3 or more parts. ABBREVIATIONS OF AUTHORS’ NAMES Adans . Adanson Atz. ches Afzelius ATTA SER. Aiton AT ee. 2 Allioni Anders. „. Anderson Andrz. ... Andrzeiowski U1 rs Antoine A. S. Arnott Aubl . Aublet Ballen Baillon Bake ia Feta Baker Balf. . Balfour Barckh. .. Barckhausen Barto. cts Bartling Battand. . Battandier Baumg. .. Baumgarten Beauv . Palisot de Beau- vois BEC: HR Beccari Benn;). <6 Bennett Benth . Bentham Beret... 26 Berger Bernh. ... Bernhardi Berth . Berthelot Bertol. ... Bertoloni Bisch .. Bischoff BOCs Bocquillon Boeck . Boeckeler Bolss 2. Boissier BOI), se Boivin BO]. Ark Bojer Bonpl. ... Bonpland Bi Rat Brown, Browne Brig. .... Briquet Brongn. .. Brongniart BOT Brotero Burn. eee Bureau Burch . Burchell Burm sss. Burmann Cambess. . Cambessédes Cass. . Cassini CN SER Cavanilles Celak . Celakovsky Keim: Cervantes Cham . Chamisso Chev. .... Chevalier Chiov..... Chiovenda Cogn. .... Cogniaux |Colebr. ... Colebrook Comm. ... Commerson Cora. Cordemoy Coss .. Cosson Cost . Costantin Coult . Coulter Guss? 0402 Cusson Cyr. as sem Cyrillo Dalech.... Dalechamps Dalz a Dalzell Decne. ... Decaisne 1D) OS Sees De Candolle 1D eee eee Delile Dennst. .. Dennstedt De Not. .. De Notaris DSi, rere Desfontaines Desv. .... Desvaux De Wild... De Wildeman Didrkwoi: Didrichsen Dill: ware: Dillen Dumort... Dumortier Dun .. Dunal Durst Durand Durazz. .. Durazzini Duv. . Duval Eckl. nr; Ecklon Ehrenb. .. Ehrenberg idlehl yess oie Ehrhart 1334 06 Rea yaar Endlicher Engelm. .. Engelmann 1D itl ee Engler f. (or fil.). filius (son) Fisch. ... Fischer Forsk . Forskal Forst . Forster Foug. .... Fougeraux Franch. „. Franchet Frapp . Frappier Fres. . Fresenius Gaertn.... Gaertner Gall aan Gallaud Gaud . Gaudin Gaudich. . Gaudichaud 600 Gledy ‘i: Gleditsch Gmel..... Gmelin Codr. &:. Godron Grane oe. Graham Gren ss. = Grenier Gries Sevare Griffith Griseb. ... Grisebach Gronoy. .. Gronovius Guill. .... Guillemin Hack... Hacke Hamilt. .. Hamilton Hay. ..... Harvey Hawk: Haworth H. B. & K. Humboldt, Bon- pland, & Kunth Heist . Heister Heldrseae Heldreich Hemsl.... Hemsley Herb....: Herbert Hildebr. .. Hildebrand Hochst. .. Hochstetter Hoffm. ... Hoffmann Hoffmsg. . Hofimannsegg Hook. . Hooker Horan. ... Horaninow Houst . Houstoun Humb . Humboldt Jacks . Jackson Tacgı a cre Jacquin Jaub. .... Jaubert mer Jumelle Juss . Jussieu Kam see Kamienski Kata eS Kitaibel Koeln ust Koeler Koen . Koenig Koern . Koernicke Korth . Korthals Kraenzl... Kraenzlin Ktze. wi... Kuntze Labill. ... Labillardiére Tas Lagasca am Ren Lamarck Ledeb. ... Ledebour Lehm..... Lehmann en ee Leschen... Leschenault Less. .... Lessing L’Her . L’Heritier Wache, 2... Lichtenstein Lindb . Lindberg Lindl. ... Lindley ee se Linné Loefl. .... Loefling Lopr. .... Lopriore MEOW: ee... Loudon IEOUT. u... Loureiro Marcgr. .. Marcgraf M. Bieb.,. Marschall von Bieberstein Marsh. ... Marshal Mart. .... Martius Mast. .... Masters Med. . Medikus Meissn.... Meissner Messe. Never Mich. .... Micheli Michx . Michaux I 1 Miller: DMI SE Miquel Moehr. ... Moehring Moq. .... Moquin-Tandon NIOTISS das Morison Muell..... Mueller Muell. Arg. Mueller Argoven- sis Naud . Naudin INSCK, 0... Necker Ned... . Niedenzu NOT 2... Noronha INTEEDE re Nuttall Oersté <3). Oersted Olive. sos Oliver Op Opiz P. Beauv.. Palisot de Beau- vois Pallies wea Pallas Parl . Parlatore Baugers.ss Pauquy AUTHORS’ NAMES Pile gop. de Planthy .' Plum. Ramee Reichb. Salisb.". Schimp. .. Schlecht. . Schlechtd. Schleid. .. Sehrad® Schreb. .. Schult.= Schum. | Schweinf. . Scopes): Seemse oy. Soland.... Sond! tare. ee ee Spreng.... Steinh. ... Steud os Pavon . Perrotet .. Persoon Peyritsch Pfitzer Pilger Planchon . Plumier . Poeppig .. Pourret .. Radlkofer Rafinesque Ramond .. Reichenbach Richard .. Ridley .. Roehling ... Roemer .. Rohrbach ... Rottboell .. Roxburgh .. Ruhland . Rumphius Ruprecht .. Salisbury Schimper Schlechter Schlechtendal Schleiden Schrader Schreber Schultes . Schumann Schweinfurt Scopoli Seemann Solander Sonder Sonnerat . Sparmann . Spenner Sprengel Steinheil Steudel 601 |Stev. .... Steven St. Hil. .. St. Hilaire außen Taubert Targ. Tozz. Targioni-Tozzet- ti Tausch. .. Tauscher N en Br Tenore Thonn. ... Thonning | Oise es Du Petit-Thouars | Thunb.... Thunberg Thwait. .. Thwaites Torres Torrey Tourn . Tournefort Trin . Trinius FS) Pe > Tulasne Turcz . Turczaninow | Ges careers Urban Valles. << Vaillant Wants 7 «0m Vandelli Van Tiegh. Van Tieghem | Velliveersss:s% Velley Vert. 7% Ventenat Mills. 23s Villars Visi bestia Visiani Wipe? . 1:3 Vogel Volle.’ sti Volkens | Wahlenb. . Wahlenberg Waldst. .. Waldstein Wall. .... Wallich Walter. Walter Warb . Warburg Warm. ... Warming Wedd. ... Weddell Welw. ... Welwitsch | Wendl.... Wendland Wettst.... Wettstein Wikst. ... Wikstroem Willd. ... Willdenow Willk. ... Willkomm Winckl. .. Winckler | Wuert. ... Wuertemberg |. Zeyh. oes Zeyber | Zuce. .... Zuccar'nı LIST OF POPULAR NAMES OF AFRICAN PLANTS AND THEIR PRODUCTS African ammoniacum — Ferula. African mahogany — Khaya. African sandal-wood — Osyris. African teak — Oldfieldia. African tulip-tree — Spathodea. Akee — Blighia. Alder — Alnus. Alkanet — Anchusa. Allseed — Radiola. Allspice — Pimenta. Almond — Prunus. Ambatch — Aeschynomene. Anise — Pimpinella. Apple — Pirus. Apricot — Prunus. Arnatto — Bixa. Arrow-root — Maranta, Tacca. Artichoke — Cynara. Ash — Fraxinus. Avens — Geum. Avocado-pear — Persea. Balata — Mimusops. Balm — Melissa. Balsam — Impatiens. Bamboo — Bambusa (and allies), Raphia. Banana — Musa. Baobab — Adansonia. Barley — Hordeum. Basil — Ocimum. Bead-tree — Melia. Bean — Phaseolus, Vicia. Beef-wood — Casuarina, Mimusops. Bent-grass — Agrostis. Betel-palm — Areca. Bindweed — Convolvulus. Bird’s-foot — Ornithopus. Bitter cress — Cardamine. Black mustard — Brassica. Bladderwort — Utricularia. Blood-plum — Haematostaphis. Borage — Borrago. Bottle-gourd — Lagenaria. Box — Buxus. 602 Bowstring-hemp — Sansevieria. Bramble — Rubus. Breadfruit — Artocarpus. Broomrape — Orobanche. _ Buckthorn — Rhamnus. Buckwheat — Fagopyrum. Bugle — Ajuga. Bugloss — Echium. Burdock — Arctium. Bur-reed — Sparganium. Cabbage — Brassica. Calabar-bean — Physostigma. Calla — Zantedeschia. Calumba-root — Iatrorrhiza. Camellia — Thea. Camomile — Anthemis, Matricaria. Camphor — Blumea, Cinnamomum. Cam-wood — Baphia. Canary-seed — Phalaris. Candlenut — Aleurites. Candytuft — Iberis. Cane — Calamus (and allies). Caper — Capparis. Caraway — Carum. Cardamom — Elettaria. Carob — Ceratonia. Carrot — Daucus. Cashew — Anacardium. Cassava — Manihot. Castor-oil — Ricinus. Cayenne-pepper — Capsicum. Ceara-rubber — Manihot. Cedar — Cedrus. Celandine — Chelidonium. Celery — Apium. Cherry — Prunus. Chervil — Anthriscus. Chestnut — Castanea. Chick-pea — Cicer. Chicory — Cichorium. Chillies — Capsicum. Chinese grasscloth-plant — Boehmeria. Clover — Trifolium. POPULAR NAMES Cloves — Jambosa. Cock’s foot — Dactylis. Cocoa-plum — Chrysobalanus. Coconut — Cocos. Colt’s foot — Tussilago. Columbine — Aquilegia. Comfrey — Symphytum. Copal — Copaifera, Cynometra, Trachy- lobium. Coracan — Eleusine. Cork — Quercus. Corn-cockle — Agrostemma. Corn-salad — Valerianella. Cotton — Gossypium. Cotton-grass — Eriophorum, Coutch-grass — Agropyrum. Crab’s eye — Abrus. Cranes’s bill — Geranium. Crawberry — Empetrum. Cucumber — Cucumis. Cudweed — Gnaphalium. Custard-apple — Anona. ‘Cypress — Cupressus. Daisy — Bellis. Dandelion — Taraxacum. Darnel — Lolium. Date-palm — Phoenix. Date-plum — Diospyros. Dattock — Detarium. Day-lily — Hemerocallis Dead-nettle — Lamium. Dika — Irvingia. Dill — Anethum. Dinde — Colocasia. Dock — Rumex. Dodder — Cuscuta. Dog’s tail — Cynosurus. Dog’s tooth — Cynodon. Double coconut — Lodoicea, Dragons blood — Dracaena. Duchn — Pennisetum. Duckweed — Lemna. Dum-palm — Hyphaene. Dwale — Atropa. Dwarf-palm — Chamaerops. Ebony — Dalbergia, Diospyros, Euclea. Egg-plant— Solanum. Elder — Sambucus. Elemi — Canarium. Elm — Ulmus. Esparto-grass — Ampelodesmos, Lygeum, Stipa. Evening-primrose — Oenothera. 603 Eyerlasting — Helichrysum. Eyebright — Euphrasia. False bamboo — Raphia. Feathergrass — Stipa. Fennel — Foeniculum. Fescue — Festuca. Fig — Ficus. Fir — Abies. Flame-tree — Poinciana. Flax — Linum. Flowering ‘rush — Butomus. Fool’s parsley — Aethusa. Forget-me-not — Myosotis, Omphalodes, Foxglove — Digitalis. Foxtail — Alopecurus. Frankincense — Boswellia. Frogbit — Hydrocharis. Fumitory — Fumaria. Fundi — Paspalum. Furze — Ulex. Gambodge — Garcinia. Garden-cress — Lepidium, Garlic — Allium. Germander — Teucrium, Ginger — Zingiber. Globe-thistle — Echinops. Goldenrod — Solidago. Gooseberry — Ribes. Goosefoot — Chenopodium. Grains of Paradise — Aframomum., Grape-vine — Vitis. Grasscloth-plant — Boehmeria. Grasses — Gramineae. Grasswrack — Zostera. Gromwell — Lithospermum. Groundnut — Arachis. Guava — Psidium. Guelder-rose — Viburnum. Guinea-corn — Andropogon. Guinea-pepper — Xylopia. Gum-lac — Aleurites, Anona, Ficus, Zizyphus. Guttapercha — Palaquium, Payena. Croton, Hare’s tail — Lagurus. Hawkweed — Hieraciuin. Hawthorn — Mespilus. Hazel — Corylus. Heartseed — Cardiospermum, Heath — Erica. Hemlock — Conium. Hemp — Cannabis, Henbane — Hyoscyamus. 604 Henna — Lawsonia. Holly — Ilex. Holygrass — Hierochloe. Honeysuckle — Lonicera. Hop — Humulus. Horehound — Marrubium. Horseradish-tree — Moringa. Hound’s tongue — Cynoglossum. Houseleek — Sempervivum. Indian corn — Zea. Indian cress — Tropaeolum. Indian plum — Flacourtia. Indian shot — Canna. Indigo — Indigofera. Ireh — Funtumia. POPULAR Iron-wood — Acacia, Argania, Casuarina, Sideroxylon, Stadmannia. Ivy — Hedera. Jerusalem-artichoke — Helianthus. Jessamine — Jasminum. Job’s tears — Coix. Jujube — Zizyphus. Jute — Corchorus. Kino — Eucalyptus, Pterocarpus. Ladanum — Cistus. Lady’s mantle — Alchimilla. Lagos-rubber — Funtumia. Larkspur — Delphinium. Lattice-leaf — Aponogeton. Laurustinus — Viburnum. Lavender — Lavardula. Leek — Allium. Lemongrass — Andropogon. Lentil — Lens. Lettuce — Lattuca. Ling — Calluna. Liquorice — Glycyrrhiza. Logwocd — Haematoxylon. Longan — Euphoria. Loquat — Eriobotrya. Lousewort — Pedicularis. Lucern — Medicago. Lymegrass — Elymus. Mace — Myristica. Madder — Rubia. Mahogany — Khaya. Maize — Zea. Mallow — Malva. Mandioc — Manihot. Mandrake — Mandragora. Mango — Mangifera. NAMES Mangrove — Rhizophora, Manila-hemp — Musa. Manna — Alhagi, Astragalus, Cassia, Maple — Acer. Maram — Ammophila. Marigold — Calendula. Marjoram — Majorana. Mastic — Pistacia. Matgrass — Nardus. Medlar — Mespilus. Melon — Cucumis. Mignonette — Reseda. Milkwort — Polygala. Millet — Panicum. Mint — Mentha. Mistletoe — Viscum, Mousetail — Myosurus. Mulberry — Morus. Mullein — Verbascum. Mustard — Brassica, Sinapis. Myrrh — Commiphora. Nettle — Urtica. Nettle-tree — Celtis. New Zealand flax — Phormium. New Zealand spinach — Tetragonia, Nitgrass — Gastridium. Nitrebush — Nitraria. Nutmeg — Myristica. Oak—Quercus. Oat — Avena. Oil-palm — Elaeis. Oleander — Nerium. Oleaster — Elaeagnus. Olive — Olea. Onion — Allium. Opium — Papaver. Orange —Citrus. Orris-root — Iris. Ovala — Pentaclethra. Palmiet — Prionium. Palmyra-palm — Borassus. Panama-rubber — Castilloa. Pansy — Viola. Papaw-tree — Carica. Paper-mulberry — Broussonetia. Para-rubber — Hevea. Parsley — Petroselinum. Parsnip — Pastinaca. Passion-flower — Passiflora. Pea — Pisum, Peach — Prunus. Pear — Pirus. Pearlwort— Sagina. POPULAR Pellitory — Parietaria. Pennycress — Thlaspi. Pepper — Capsicum, Piper. Periwinkle — Vinca. Persian lilac — Melia. Persian manna — Alhagi. Piassava — Borassus, Dictyosperma, Raphia. Pigeon-pea — Cajanus. Pimpernel — Anagallis. Pine-apple — Ananas. Pink — Dianthus. Pistachio-nut — Pistacia. Pitcher-plant — Nepenthes. Plane — Platanus. Plantain — Musa, Plantago. Plum — Prunus. Poke — Phytolacca. Pomegranate — Punica. Pondweed — Potamogeton. Poplar — Populus. Poppy — Papaver. Potato — Ipomoea, Solanum. Prickly pear — Opuntia. Primrose — Primula. Privet — Ligustrum. Pumpkin — Cucurbita. Purslane—Portulaca. Quaking-grass — Briza. Quince — Cydonia. Quinine — Cinchona. Quitch-grass — Agropyrum. Radish — Rhaphanus. Rambutan — Nephelium. Ramie — Boehmeria. Ramtil-oil — Guizotia. Rapeseed — Brassica. Rattan-palm — Calamus. Ray-grass — Lolium. Reed — Arundo, Phragmites. Reedmace — Typha. Rice — Oryza. Rock-cress — Arabis. Rock-rose — Cistus, Helianthemum. Rose of Jericho — Anastatica, Odontos- permum. Rose-wood — Calophyllum, Pterocarpus, Thespesia. Rosmary — Rosmarinus. Rubber — Various Apocynaceae and Asclepiadaceae, Ficus, Manihot. Rue — Ruta. Rush — Juncus. NAMES 605 Rye — Secale. Safflower — Carthamus. Saffron — Crocus. Safu — Pachylobus. Sage — Salvia. Sago — Cycas. Sainfoin — Onobrychis. Salep — Orchis (and allies). Salsify — Tragopogon. Saltwort — Salsola. Samphire — Crithmum. Sandal-wood — Pterocarpus, Osyris. Sandarac — Callitris. Sandbox-tree — Hura. Sandwort — Arenaria. Sapodilla-plum — Achras. Sassy-tree — Erythrophloeum. Savory — Satureia. Sawwort — Serratula. Screw-pine — Pandanus. Scull-cap — Scutellaria. Sedges — Cyperaceae. Senegal-ebony — Dalbergia. Senna-leaves — Cassia. Shea-butter — Butyrospermum. Shellac — Anona, Croton, Ficus, Zizyphus. Shepherd’s purse — Capsella. Silver-fir — Abies. Silver-tree — Leucadendron. Snake-gourd — Trichosanthes. Snapdragon — Antirrhinum. Sneeze-wood — Pteroxylon. Soapberry — Sapindus. Soapwort — Saponaria. Sorghum — Andropogon. Soursop — Anona. Sow-thistle — Sonchus. Soy-bean — Glycine. Spanish broom — Spartium. Speedwell — Veronica. Spinach — Spinacia, Tetragonia. Spindle-tree — Evonymus. Spurge — Euphorbia. Spurry — Spergula. Squill — Scilla. Squirting cucumber — Ecballium Stitchwort — Stellaria. Stock — Matthiola. Stork’s bill — Erodium. Strawberry — Fragaria. Strawberry-tree — Arbutus. Sugar-cane — Saccharum. Sumac — Rhus. Sundew — Drosera. 606 Sunflower — Helianthus. Sweet basil — Ocimum. Sweet flag — Acorus. Sweet potato — Ipomoea. Tallow-tree — Pentadesma. Tapioca — Manihot. Taro — Colocasia. Tea — Thea. Teak — Oldfieldia, Tectona. Teasel — Dipsacus. Tef — Eragrostis. Teosinte — Euchlaena. Thorn-apple — Datura. Thrift — Armeria. Thimothy-grass — Phleum. Toad-flax — Linaria. Tobacco — Nicotiana. Tomato — Solanum. Tragacanth — Astragalus. Traveller’s tree — Ravenala. Tulip-tree — Spathodea. Turmeric — Curcuma. Turnip — Brassica. Turnsole — Chrozophora. Turpentine — Abies, Pinus, Pistacia, Vegetable silk — Various Asclepiadaceae, Strophantus. Venus’ looking-glass — Specularia, POPULAR NAMES Verek — Acacia. Vernal grass — Anthoxanthum, Vervain — Verbena. Vetch — Vicia. Vetiver-root — Andropogon. Violet — Viola. Wallflower — Cheiranthus. Walnut — Juglans. Water-chestnut — Trapa. Water-cress — Nasturtium. Water-lily — Nymphaea. Water-melon — Citrullus. Water-plantain — Alisma. Water-tree — Tetracera. Wheat — Triticum. White mustard — Sinapis, Willow — Salix. Willow-herb — Epilobium, Winter-cherry — Physalis, Winter-cress — Barbarea. Woad — Isatis. Woodruff -— Asperula. Woodrush — Luzula. Wormwood — Artemisia. Yams — Dioscorea. Yew — Taxus. Ylang-Ylang — Cananga. Zachun-oil — Balanites, a 5 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS (especially from the years 1911 and 1912). Page VII., after line 21, insert: R. MUSCHLER, A manual flora of Egypt (Berlin, 1912). VIII., after line 13, insert: E. DE WILDEMAN, Etudes sur la flore des districts des Bangala et de l!’Ubangi (Bruxelles, 1910). 10, No. 110, for “ 83. Monimiaceae,’’ read: Leaves opposite, Xymalos, 83. Moni- miaceae. Leaves alternate, Plagiostyles, 122. Euphorbiaceae. 19, No. 202, for ‘*Prrteaceae,’’ read: Proteaceae. 20, No. 213, omit lines ] and 2. 35, No. 388, omit lines | and 2. 79, line 3, read : Genus }, species 4. West Africa, Madagascar, and Seychelles: 82, No. 21, line 3, add: (Including Heteranthoecia Stapf). 84, No. 41, after line 4, insert: Outer glumes convex, without spines. Flowering glume awned. Stigmas feathery.—Species 2. East Africa . Dignathia Stapf 85, No. 46, line 2, add: Rytilix Raf. 89, No. 84, line 2, add: (Including Lepturella Stapf). 92, No. 111, after line 3, insert: Spikes 2-3 together. Spikelets many-flowered. Fruit elliptical. Leaves narrow.—Species 1. Madagascar . Selerodactylon Stapf 100, No. 176, line 2, add: Weingaertneria Bernh. 102, No. 195, line 5, add: Trichoneura Anders. 104, No. 212, after line 3, insert: Spikelets in head-like panicles. Flowering glumes ö-nerved.— Species 1. East Africa . . . . Drake-Brockmania Stapf 105, No. 222, line 1, add: Axis of the spikelet jointed between and below the flowering glumes. 105, No. 222, after line 1, insert: Flowering glumes 2-cleft, awned, 7-9-nerved, much exceeding the outer glumes. Axis of the spikelet jointed below the flower- ing glumes only. Spikelets in 1-3 pre Digg Ratti 1. East Africa. (Including Negria Chiov.). . 4 Todes : Lintonia Stapf 117, No.: 25, line 3, read: aided eee Schott). (Plate 12). "Amorphophallus Blume 118, No. 32, line 4, add: Rudimentary flowers club-shaped. Appendage of the spadix long. 118, No. 32, after line 3, insert: Ovules2. Leavesseveral, dissected. Rudimentary flowers awl-shaped. Appendage of the spadix short.—Species l. Egypt. Helicophyllum Schott 123, No. 6, last line, insert: (Including Baoutia A. Chev.) 128, No. 32, after line 3, insert: Capsule opening loculicidally. Flowers in spikes, with bracts. Ovary deeply lobed.—Species 1. South Africa (Cape Colony). Neodregea C. H. Wright 129, No. 35, lines 2 and 3, omit: ‘‘ (Including Neodregea Wright).”’ 136, No. 13, line 4, for ‘‘ Perianth-tube long,” read: Perianth-tube short or moderate- ly long, not longer than the segments. 136, No. 13, line 7, omit “ (Including Choananthus Rendle).”’ 136, No. 13, after line 7, add: Filaments longer than the anthers. Perianth-tube much longer than the segments. Leaves ovate.—Species 2. Equatorial Africa (Ruwenzori) . . . . Choananthus Rendle 146, No. 4, line 3, et including "SED Aonoehehes WwW ‘ood & Franks). 151, No. 11, line 4, after ‘‘ Penthea Lindl.” add: and Orthopenthea Rolfe. 151, No. 15, line 3, for ‘‘ Tropics,” read: Tropical and South-east Africa. 155, No. 52 line 3, for “‘ Tropics,” read: Tropical and South-east Africa. 158, No. 78, line 4, after “including ” insert: Lemurorchis Kraenzl. 159, No. 89, omit lines 3 and 4. 171, No. 8, line 2, after ‘‘ Including ” insert: Diastella Knight. 176, No. 3, line 6, after ‘‘ Islands ” insert: (Balaniella Van Tiegh.). 607 608 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS Page 177, No. 1, line 4, for “ Species 1 ; Southern West Africa,” read: Species 2; South- ern Central Africa. 179, No. 5, line 5, add: Wings of the fruiting perianth equal. 179, No. 5, at end add: Branches continuous. Disc lobed. Wings of the fruiting perianth unequal.—Species 1. Egypt . . . a bk Seidlitzia Bunge 181, No. 18, at end add: Bracteoles united more than half-way up. Stigmas 2. Stem and leaves clothed with stellate hairs.—Species 1. Egypt. Eurotia Adans. 184, No. 17, line 3, add: (Including Centemopsis Schinz and Nelsia Schinz). 184, No. 18, line 3, add: Stigma entire. 184, No. 18, after line 3, add: Stamens 4-5. Stigma 2-cleft. Perianth woolly at base. Undershrubs.—Species 1. East Africa. . . . . Lopriorea Schinz 185, No. 20, line 2, add: Leaves opposite. 185, No. 20, after line 2, add: Spurious staminodes none. Leaves alternate. Partial inflorescences consisting of 2-3 fertile and 2-4 spinous sterile flowers. Ovary glabrous.—Species 2. East Africa. . . . . . Neocentema Schinz 188, No. 4, line 7, for “‘ Species 15,’”’ read: Species 25. 189, No. 15, line 4, for “‘ Species 1,” read: Species 3.—In the same line omit “ Cape Colony.” 191, No. 3, Portulacaria may be divided into two genera: Portulacaria Jacq. (Flowers hermaphrodite. Ovary turgid. Fruit with 3 wings, dry. Species 1.) and Ceraria Pearson & Stephens (Flowers polyga:.ous. Ovary compressed. Fruit with 1 wing, finally berry-like. Species 8). 193, No. 9, line 4, for “sepals obtuse’ read: style very short. 201, No. 11, line 6, add: including Bricchettia Pax. 203, No. 31, line 4, add: (Including Junodia Pax). 208, No. 3, omit Chloropatane Engl., which belongs to Erythrococca Benth. (Euphor- biaceae). 233, No. 7, line 4, add: including Geaya Cost. & Poisson. 236, No. 3, line 6, for “ Species 1,” read: Species 3. 238, No. 11, line 5, add: Nebelia Neck. 244, No. 6, line 3, add: (Including Santaloides Schellenb.). 244, No. 7, line 2, for ‘‘ Species 2,’’ read: Species 4. 244, No. 7, line 3, add: (Under Byrsocarpus Schum. & Thonn.) 244, No. 7, after line 3, insert:. Stem twining. Inflorescence fasciculate. Calyx herbaceous. Anther-halves approximate. Seeds with thick cotyledons.—Species BR. West Africat OM i MUS ENORM SR ere 244, No. 9, line 3, add: (Under Manotes Soland.). 246, No. 18, line 4, read: Species 4. West Africa. 249, No. 38, after line 3, insert: Receptacle saucer-shaped, thick. Calyx-lobes 2-3. Petals none. Stamens 16.—Species 1. Equatorial West Africa. Mildbraediodendron Harms 249, No. 38, line 4, add: Calyx-lobes 4-5. Stamens very numerous. 251, No. 54, line 1, for “ Species 10,” read: Species 25. 251, No. 54, line 3, add: (Under Dialium L.) 252, No. 61, line 2, read: Species 4. Central Africa. 252, No. 61, line 3, add: including Eriander Winkl. 253, No. 74, line 1, add: (Under Cynometra L.) 253, No. 75, line 2, add: (Under Cynometra L.) 3 255, No. 89, last line, read: Species l. Central Africa. Yields timber and aromatic resin. (Under Daniella Benn.). . . . . . Paradaniellia Rolfe 256, No. 95, line 4, after “ pendulous,” insert: "shlone; Flowers in few-flowered racemes. 256, No. 95, after line 4, add: Petals subequal. Seeds roundish. Flowers sub- sessile, paniculate.—Species 3. West Africa. (Under Berlinia Soland.) Isoberlinia Craib & Stapf 256, No. 100, line 3, read: Species 8. Central Africa. .256, No. 100, line 4, read:, (Including Cyanothyrsus Harms) . . Daniellia Benn. 256, No. 101, line 4, read: Species 6. Central Africa. ne Me u llr ll ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS 609 Page 258, No. 117, line 5, for ‘‘ Species 2,” read: Species 4. ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” 259, No. 125, line 3, for ‘‘ Species 2,” read: Species 5. 263, No. 160, line 5, add: some are poisonous for cattle. 265, No. 175, line 1, add: Ovules few. Leaves distinctly stalked, stipulate. 265, No. 175, after line 3, insert: Keel and style straight. Bracteoles present. Ovules many. Fruit elongate. Leaves sessile or nearly so, exstipulate.—Species 10. South Africa. (Under Lotononis L) . . . . . Pearsonia Duemmer 272, No. 239, line 5, add: other species yield dyes. 273, No. 242, line 4, after “ Balf. f.”’ add: and Saldania Sim. 278, No. 283, line 3, insert: One species has edible fruits and tubers. 287, No. 359, line 1, add : Standard broad. 287, No. 359, after line 2, add: Fruit winged. Standard narrow, boat-shaped. Calyx narrowly bell-shaped. Branches of the panicle nodose. — Species 17 Central Africa. (Under Derris Lour.) : - . . . Leptoderris Dunn 288, No. 368, line 1, add: Leaflets without stipels, 288, No. 368, after line 1, insert: Wings adhering to the keel. Leaflets with stipels. Fruit flat, indehiscent.—Species 4. Central Africa . . . Ostryoderris Dunn 288, No. 374, after line 3, insert: Leaves alternate, not dotted. Fruit com- pressed.—Species 15. Central Africa. . . . . Craibia Harms & Dunn 297, No. 21, omit lines 1-3, as Eriander Winkl. belongs to Oxystigma Harms (Le- guminosae). 299, No. 32, add: Ovary with numerous ovules in each cell. Anthers oblong. Pericarp hard. Leaves with a single leaflet.—Species 1. West Africa. Aeglopsis Swingle 300, No. 6, line 3, add : Filaments thread-like. Ovules laterally affixed. Leaflets few. 300, No. 6, after line 4, insert : Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, with imbricate aestivation. Filaments broadened below, with a short scale. Style long. Ovules pendulous. Leaflets many, oblong.—Species 1. West Africa . . . Simarubopsis Engl. 300, No. 8, line 3, add: (Under Mannia Hook. fil.). 301, No. 15, Irvingia may be divided into two genera: Irvingia Hook. fil. (infic- rescence axillary, seeds exalbuminous) and Irvingella Van Tiegh. (inflorescence terminal, seeds albuminous). 302, No. 4, line 3, add: Stamens inserted outside the cushion-shaped disc. 302, No. 4, line 9, add: Stamens inserted on the edge of the disc. 302, No. 2, line 4, add: (Including Katafa Cost. & Poisson). 303, No. 4, omit lines 1-4, as Pynaertia De Wild. belongs to Anopyxis Pierre (Rhizo- phoraceae). 304, No. 13, last line, omit “ Bingeria A. Chev.” 305, No. 20, for “ Tourraea ’’ read: Turraea. 305, No. 25, line 3, add: (Including Bingeria A. Chev.) 309, family 121, lines 7 and 13, for “‘ species 75,” read: species 120.—Line 7, add: one species has edible fruits. 309, family 122, line 6, omit “ (Including Daphniphyllaceae).” 310, No. 8, line 5, for “ Species 10,’ read: Species 20. 311 and 312, for No. 14—23 substitute the following : 14. Calyx splitting into 5 equal segments. Disc indistinct or wanting. Herbs or undershrubs, rarely shrubs. . ae ie LO Calyx splitting into 2-4 more or less OR ie. Shrubs ortrees . 16 15. Styles two-cleft. Rudimentary pistil absent in the male flowers. Plants with stellate hairs.—Species 7. Northern and tropical Africa, Some are poisonous or yield dyes and medicaments. “ Turnsole.” (Tournesolia Scop.) Chrozophora Neck. Styles many-cleft. Rudimentary pistil present in the male flowers. Herba- ceous plants with simple hairs. —Species 10. Tropics. Several species yield fibre. ee hat ER errata Site 16. Petals of the male flowers united below ‘ wars zz 17 Petals of the male flowers free . F ; 18 17.: Styles two-cleft. Leaves palminerv ed. hinbine shrubs. Species 1. West 20 610 a”? ” ’ ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS Africa.. Yields fibre... . Manniophyton Muell. Arg. Styles 3-8-cleft. Leaves AR. “Species 12. West Africa, (Under Crotonogyne Muell. Arg.) . . . . +. Neomanniophyton Pax & Hofim. 18. Young branches, leaves, and inflorescence clothed with scales . . . . 19 Young branches, leaves, and inflorescence clothed with hairs or glabrous . 20 19. Stamens 7-15. Receptacle of the male flowers with 5 glands, glabrous within them. Male inflorescence spicate.—Species 2. Equatorial West Africa. Crotonogyne Muell. Arg. Stamens 20-30. Receptacle of the male flowers with 10 glands, also glan- dular within them. Male inflorescence paniculate.—Species 1. Equatorial Nest Atca §. . . . . Cyrtogonone Prain 20. Fruitadrupe. Disc of he female flowers obscure or reduced to small glands. Stamens 8-20. Anthers attached by the base. Trees with stellate, rarely with simple hairs. Leaves palminerved. Flowers in terminal cymes or panicles.—Species 2. Cultivated and naturalized in the tropics. They yield timber, gum-lac, tanning bark, aT and edible oily seeds (candle- TGS) <3), eek “at Aleurites Forst. Fruit a capsule. Disc of the female ‘flowers fe or cup-shaped. Anthers attached by the tip or the back, sometimes near the base. Flowers in: racemes, rarely in panicles, but then leaves penninerved. Glabrous or simple-haired shrubs or trees x Ces ee 21. Receptacle of the male flowers glandular ı on ‘the whole te on but without separate glands. Stamens 20-30. Anther-halves pendulous from the connective. Flowers in axillary racemes.—Species 1. Islands of Fernando- Po and St. Thomas. (Under Agvostistachys Dalz.) Pseudagrostistachys Pax & Hoffm. Receptacle of the male flowers with separate glands. Anther-halves attached by the back. Flowersin terminal racemesor panicles. . . . . . 22 22. Stamens 20-30.—Species 3. West Africa. (Including Fournaea Pierre) Grossera Pax Stamens 8-12. Flowers in racemes . . . ee 23. Petals of the female flowers shorter than the cals, " Sepals of the female — flowers free. Flowers dioecious.—Species2. East Africa. (Under Tannodia Baill.) ais 2 Holstia Pax Petals of the female flowers exceeding the Mie Sepals of the female flowers united at the base.—Species 2. East Africa . Tannodia Baill 313, No. 30, line 7, add: (Including ‚Pseudotragia Pax). 313, No. 31, line 5, for ‘ Species 20,” read: Species 12. 315, No. 48, omit lines 1-3, as Pseudotragia Pax belongs to Plukenetia L. 316, No. 55, line 3, after ‘‘ medicine ”’ add : (Including Discoclaoxylon Pax & Hofim.) 316, No. 56, line 7, add: (Including Chloropatane Engl.). 316, No. 57, after line 6, insert: Disc of the female flcwers formed of 6-8 scales. Styles recurved, undivided. Stamens 7. Calyx 5-partite. Flowers in panicles, —Species 1. West Africa. . . “20.0.0... Diseoglypremna Prain 316, No. 61, line 3, add: Bracts not forming an involucre, Petals membranous, Plants clothed with stellate hairs. (Under Mildbraedia Pax). 316, No. 61, after line 3, insert: Flowers dioecious. Bracts forming an involucre. Petals leathery. Plants clothed with simple hairs.—Species 1. West Africa MCAmmeTOONS) "we en. - . .. Chlamydojatropha Pax & Hofim. 317, No. 66, at end, add: Stamens numerous. Ovary l-celled. Stigma 1, entire. Flowers in racemes, dioecious.—Species 1. West Africa. The seeds yield oil. (Under Daphniphyllum Blume) . . RR Plagiostyles Pierre Stamens numerous. Ovary 3-celled. Stigmas "8, "entire, Flowers in racemes, dioecious.—Species 1. West Africa. (Under Plukenetia L.) . Hamileoa Prain 317, No. 70, line 5, read: (Excoecariopsis Pax, under Excoecaria L ) Spirostachys Sond. 318, No. 72, line 7, add: (Under Sapium P. Browne or Sebastiania Spreng.) 318, No. 74, line 3, for “‘ Species 3,” read: Species €. ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS 6TL > 318, No. 74, line 4, for “ yields rubber,” read: and three other species yield rubber, ” 318, No. 74, after line 7, insert: Flowers in panicles, which on the male plants are composed of fascicles, dioecious. Sepals 4-5, united half-way up in the male flowers. Disc present. Leaves undivided.—Species 1. Equatorial West Africa. : Klaineanthus Pierre 318, No. 75, line 5, add: (Including Neochevaliera Beille). 318, No. 76, line 3, add: (Tribe PHYLLANTHEAE). 319, omit No. 81, as Junodia Pax belongs to Anisocycla Baill. (Menispermaceae). 319, omit No. 82, as the African Daphniphyllum belongs to Plagiostyles Pierre. 319, omit No. 85, as Bricchettia Pax belongs to Cocculus L. (Menispermaceae). 319, No. 87, line 1, add: or nearly so. 320, No. 89, line 4, for ‘“‘ Megabaria Pierre,’ read: (Including Megabaria Pierre) Spondianthus Engl. 320, omit No, 92, as Neochevaliera Beille belongs to Chaetocarpus Thwait. 321, No. 99, line 2, omit ‘‘ Mosambic.’’ 321, No. 104, omit lines 3.5. 322, No. 107, line 2, for ‘“‘ Species 4,” read: Species 12. 322, No. 107, line 3, add: (Including Staphysora Pierre). 322, No. 109, line 2, add: (Under Thecacoris Juss.) 322, No. 109, after line 3, insert: Disc divided into 5 glands. Styles 4, short, entire. Flowers monoecious. Trees. Stipules lanceolate.—Species 1. West Africa. Apodiseus Hutchinson 322, for No. 111, substitute the following :— 111. Bracts of the male flowers in 3 series, the intermediate in the shape of a cup. Disc of the female flowers adnate to the perianth.—Species 2. West Africa. (Under Megabaria Pierre). . . . Protomegabaria Hutchinson Bracts of the male flowers solitary. Disc of the female flowers free from the perianth a; Mads rd ee N sige, ty RE 111, b. Fruit entire, Lcelled. ‘(See 107) Be aly meet a Maesobotrya Benth. Fruit lobed, 3-celled. (See 94) . . . « „Thecacoris Juss. 322, No. 113, line 3, add: (Under Drypetes Vahl). 322, No. 114, line 4, add: (Under Drypetes Vahl). 323, No. 123, line 5, for ‘ Species 2,” reac': Species 5. 324, No. 2, line 2, add: (Under Notobuxus Oliv.). 326, No. 5, omit line 5. 327, No. 12, line 6, for ‘‘ Species 20,” read: Species 30. 328, omit No. 20, as Spondianthus belongs to Euphorbiaceae. 329, No. 27, line 7, for ‘‘ Species 30,” read: Species 50. 341, No. 51, line 2, after ‘‘ capsular,” add: septicidal. 341, No. 51, after line 5, insert: Disc annular, with 10 teeth on the inside. Stamen. 8. Ovary 3-celled. Fruit capsular, loculicidal. Embryo spirally twisted. Leaves pinnate.—Species 1. West Africa . . . . Anoumabia A.Chevs 344, No. 6, line 4, add: including Tzellemtinia Chiov. 346, line 9, for ‘“ 200,” read: 250. 346, No. 3, line 2, after ‘‘ Infiorescences,” add: nearly always. 346, No. 3 line 5, omit ‘ mostly.” 346; No. 4, line 6, fer ‘‘ 150,” read: 200. 349, No. 3, line 1, omit ‘‘ Ovules 2 in each ovary-cell.” 349, No. 3, line 2, add: (Under Christiania DC.). 349, No. 9, line 6, add: (Under Duboscia Bocq.). 349, No. 10, line 4, add: under Desplatzia Bocq. 355, No. 11, line 4, add: (Tribe HUAEAE). 384, No. 5, for “ Ammania’’ read: Ammannia. 386, at top, for “ LECTYHIDACEAE ” read: LECYTHID ACEAE. 388, No. 9, line 1, add: (Including Pynaertia De Wild.). 399, No. 9, last line, add: (Raimannia Rose). 403, No. 12, after line 4, insert: Secondary ribs thick, rounded, unarmed. Seeds slightly grooved on the inner face, somewhat compressed from front to back.— Species 1. Northern East Africa (Eritrea) . - » Stephanorossia Chiov. 612 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS Page 406, No. 37, after line 5, insert: Pericarp not much thickened. Ribs thread-shaped. Fruit with a broad commissure. Oil-channels 4.5 in each furrow.—Species 2. Central Africa . . er 20.0.0. Afrosison Wolff » 409, No. 53, line 2, after “ FERN Sy a a sometimes under the ribs. » 409, No. 53, after line 2, insert: Marginal ribs of the mericarps thickened, corky. Oil-channels solitary under each dorsal rib, 3 under each marginal rib. Calyx indistinctly toothed. Petals straight or nearly so.—Species 1. Abyssinia. (Under Peucedanum L.) . ARE: . . „Erythroselinum Chiov. is “S18 NoMa? vafter rag 2, insert: Mericarps with 5 broad and thick ribs. Oil- channels solitary undereach rib, none at the commissure. Calyx-teeth mucronate. Undershrubs.—Species 1. South-west Africa (Nama-land) Marlothiella Wolff » 413, No. 92, line 4, add: Oil-channels in the furrows and at the commissure. „ 414, No. 93, at end, add: Petals gr or brown, notched. Herbs.—Species 1. Equatorial East Africa . . -» «+ Volkensiella Wolff » 418, No. 5, line 8, for ‘ Species 10, % "read: " Species 20. » 421, No. 3, after line 3, insert: Fertile stamens as many as the petals, 8. Calyx falling off very early, excepting the persistent base of the tube.—Species 1. West Africa. \ields timber. . - + Dumoria A. Chev. » 421, No. 3, line 4, add: Calyx Dessen or falling off as a whole. » 421, No. 3, line 7, omit ‘‘ Dumoria A. Chev.” „ 434, No. 15, after line 4, insert: Corolla-segments overlapping to the right. Disc wanting. Ovules numerous. Leaves with axillary glands.—Species 1. West Africa. . SAe lew u toc, Cb i, eae » 444, No. 22, line 6, insert : rarely shrubs. » 449, No. 59, last line, add: including Folotsia Cost. & Bois and Voharanga Cost. -& Bois. » 454, No. 99, after line 1, insert: Corona simple, of 10 lobes. Calyx without glands. Corolla deeply divided, with spatulate segments.—Species 1. Northern East Africa. Spathulopetalum Chiov. „ 463, No. 5, line 2, after ‘“ Shrubs,” read: Species 2. Socotra and German South- west Africa. (Subfamily WELLSTEDIOIDEAE.) » 472, No. 8, line 6, for ‘‘ 4-cleft,” read: 4-5-cleft. „ 472, No. 9, after line 3, insert: Lower lip of the corolla deeply 3-cleft, the median lobe slightly concave, the lateral ones narrow. Calyx 2-lipped ; the upper lip entire, the lower 4-toothed.—Species 1. South-east Africa. Thorneroftia N. E. Brown „ 473, No. 15, line 2, insert: Including Bouetia A. Chev. » 473, No. 19, line 4, read: Species 2. Tropics. » 473, No. 19, line 5, omit “including Jboza N. E. Brown.” » 480, No. 64, after line 5, insert: Corolla subequally 5-cleft ; tube exserted. Stamens 4, about equal in length. Flowers very small, indistinctly dioecious.—Species 12. Central and South-east Africa. (Under Moschosma Reichb.) Iboza N. E. Brown » 482, No. 10, line 2, for ‘“ Species 25 ’’ read: Species 40. » 510, No. 66, after line 2, insert: Corolla-tube funnel-shaped. Flowers in lateral spikes. Bracts narrow; bracteoles broad. Leaves elliptical—Species 1. Equa- torial West Africa . . : . . . Leiophaca Lindau „ 554, No. 93, line 2, for “‘ Species 20, ii ‘soar’ Spebies 30. » 5956, No. 108, line 4, after ‘‘ winged ’”’ add: Inner involucral bracts short, scale-like. „ 556, No. 108, atend, add: Stem not winged. Inner involucral bracts long, bristle- like. Receptacle at first flat.— Species 1. North-west Africa. Lifago Schweinf. & Muschl. » 062, No. 186, after line 2, insert: FARMS wanting. Heads in corymbs,—Species 1. South-east Africa. . . ° 8 66) tet) sO Bae » DO, No, 258, line 2, fox“ Species 1, 2 read : Species 4. i rs Plate 12, for Hydrosme grata Schott, read : Amorphophallus gratus (Schott) 3 E. Brown. „ 138, last line, for “ plant ’’ read: branch. —— TEEBEEEEDERREENE sONnb’ i) Kal ay, ‘ SONINCH? i KEGIOVG » 3. as sy IX. TRISTAN DA CUNHA AND ST. PAUL REGION. Province of Tristan da Cunha and St. Paul’s Island. ¢ D. OCEANIC GROUP. : X. (22.) BOREAL OCEANIC ste REGION. ; oh XI. (23.) TROPICAL OCEANIC, — * REGION. ‘es XII. (23.) AUSTRAL OCEANIC en REGION. FLOW. PL.AFR. 40 Ascension. 1S Tran, de Cunha 500 “WSNINOD Amboland © 60 6, = 3065 > iüoe FLORAL REGIONS \Nb PROVINCES (after ENGLER) A. BOREAL GROUP. I. MEDITERRANEAN REGION T. Southern Mediterranean Province II MACARONESIAN REGION 2‘ Province of the Azores ;‘ Province of Madeira | Province of the Canary Islands 5 Province of the Cape Verde Islands B. PALAEOTROPICAL GROUP, IIT NORTH AFRICAN DESERT REGION Province of Southern Morocco Province of the Great Sahara Province of Thebais and Nubia. 9. Province of transition from desert to Steppe. NS IV. AFRICAN FOREST AND STEPPE REGION 10. Province of the Sudanese park- Steppes. tr Province of the North-east African highlands and steppes. 12. Province of the West African forests 13. Province of the East and South African steppes. V. SOUTH-WESTERN CAPE COLONY REGION. 14. Province of South-western Capi Colony. VI. SOUTH ATLANTIC ISLAND REGION. 15. Province of Ascension, 16. Province of St. Helena VII. MALAGASY REGION 17. Province of Madagascar and the Comoro Islands. 18. Province of the Mascarene Islands 19. Province of the Seychelles C. AUSTRAL GROUP, VIL KERGUELEN REGION. 20. Province of Kerguelen Island. IX. TRISTAN DA CUNHA AND ST. PAUL REGION. 21. Province of Tristan da Cunha and St. Paul’s Island. D. OCEANIC GROUP. X. (22.) BOREAL OCEANIC REGION, XI. (23.) TROPICAL OCEANIC, REGION, XII. (23.) AUSTRAT. OCEANIC REGION. OF LATIN Abelmoschus 352. Aberia 372. Abies 70. Abildgaardia 109. Abrotanella 579. Abrus 270. Abutilon 352. Acacia 247. Acaena 241. Acalypha 313. Acampe 158. ACANTHACEAE 51, 54, 55, 56, 57, 502, pl. 142. Acanthonema 501. Acanthopale 506. Acanthophoenix 113. Acanthopsis 509. Acanthosicyos 540. Acanthotreculia 167. Acanthus 509. Acanthyllis 270. Acer 335. ACERACEAE 31, 34, 335. Aceras 152. Aceras 152. Achantia 355. Acharia 376. ACHARIACEAE 54, 376. Acharitea 469. Achillea 577. Achneria 105. Achras 423. Achyranthes 184, pl. 4t. Achyrocline 556, 562. Achyropsis 184. Achyrospermum 478. Achyrothalamus 552. Acidanthera 142. Acioa 243. Acmadenia 297. Acmena 392. Acocanthera 437. INDEX Synonyms are printed in Italics. | Aconitum 199. | Acorus II5. | Acrachne 93. | Acridocarpus 307, pl. 77. | Acritochaete 82. | Acriulus 106. | Acrocephalus 473. ı Acrocoelium 335. | Acrolophia 156. | | Acrosanthes 190. | Acrosepalum 350. | Acrospira 131. | Acrostemon 416. | Acrostylia 151. | Acrotome 476. Actephila 320. | Actinoschoenus 108. | Acuan 245. | Acustelma 445. Adansonia 353. Adelodypsis 113. Adelosa 470. | Adelostigma 567. Adenachaena 580. | Adenandra 297. ı Adenanthera 246. "Adenia 376, pl. 106. ' Adenium 433. Adenocarpus 266. Adenochlaena 313. Adenocline 315. Adenodolichos 278. Adenogonum 572. Adenogramma 188. Adenoplea 427. _Adenoplusia 428. Adenopus 539. | Adenosolen 579. Adenostemma 570. | Adhatoda 512, 513. | Adicea 169. Adina 530. 613 NAMES OF FAMILIES AND GENERA Adinandra 360. Adolia 344. Adonis 198. Aechmolepis 444. Aedesia 570. Aegialophila 550. Aegilops 90. | Aegle 299. Aeglopsis 609. Aeluropus 104. Aeolanthus 474. Aeonia 159. Aeonium 232. ı Aerangis 158. Aeranthus 158. Aerua 184. Aeschynomene 269, 270, 284, 286. Aetheilema 505. Aethionema 225, 228. Aethusa 410. | Aframomum 147, pl. 24. Afrardisia 418. Afrocalathea 149. Afrodaphne 210. Afromendoncia 502. Afrorhaphidophora 115. Afrormosia 259. Afrosison 611. | Afrostyrax 425. | Afrothismia 150. Afzelia 255. Afzelia 255. | Afzeliella 394. | Agapanthus 130. | Agathelpis 489. | Agathophora 180. Agathophyllum 209. Agathosma 296, pl. 73. Agauria 416. | Agave 138. | Agelaea 244. 614 Ageratina 560. Ageratum 570. Agialid 293. Agrimonia 241. Agropyrum 90. Agrostemma 196. Agrostis 97. Agrostis 97. Agrostistachys 312, 610. Agrostophyllum 156. Agyneia 323. Aichryson 232. Aira 98. Aira 98, 100. Airopsis 98. Aitonia 305. AITONIEAE 302. AIZOACEAE 9, 10, II, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 27, 48, 49, 625 68, 188, pl. 43. Aizoon Igo. Ajuga 471. Alafia 435. ALANGIACEAE 43, 65, 67,| 389. Alangium 389. Albersia 183. Alberta 516. Albizzia 248. Albuca 126. Alcea 352. Alchimilla 241. Alchornea 314. Alchornea 314, 315. Alciope 573, 575- Aldrovanda 230. Alectra 486. Alepidea 403. Aleurites 312, 610. Alhagi 274. Alisma 76. Alisma 76. ALISMATACEAE 5, 75, pl.é. ALISMATACEAE 77. Alkanna 465. Allagopappus 560. Allamanda 436. Allanblackia 361, pl. 99. Allexis 367. Alliaria 223. Allinm 125. Allocalyx 494. Allophyllus 336. Alluaudia 335. Alnus 163. Alocasia 116. INDEX | Alocasiophyllum 117. | Aloé 133. | Alonsoa 490. | Alopecurus 84, 86. Alpinia 147. | ALSINACEAE 1092. | Alsine 195. | Alsodeia 367. | Alsodetidium 334. | Alsodeiopsis 334. | Alstonia 441. _Alternanthera 183. | Althaea 352. | Althenia 74. | Altheria 356. | Alvesia 474. | Alysicarpus 273. Alyssum 218, 219. | Alyssum 219. | Alyxia 438. | Amanoa 320. | Amaralia 527. | AMARANTACEAE g, 11, 50, 182, pl. 41. Amarantus 183. AMARYLLIDACEAE 4, 6, 135, pl. 19. AMARYLLIDACEAE 1309. | Amaryllis 137. | Amberboa 550. Amblogyna 183. ı Amblygonocarpus 246. | Ambora 209. | Ambraria 522. Ambrosia 565. | AMBROSIACEAE 545. Ambrosinia 118. | Ambulia 494. ı Amelanchier 239. Amellus 573. Amerimnon 273. Ammannia 384, 611. Ammi 412. Ammiopsis 404. | Ammocharis 138. Ammochloa 101. Ammochloa 101. Ammodaucus 405. Ammophila 96. Ammosperma 223. ı Amomum 147. Amorphophallus pl rz: Ampalis 166. AMPELIDEAE 346. Ampelocissus 346. iy, 607; Ampelodesma roo. Ampelosicyos 536. Amphiblemma 397. Amphidoxa 558, 561. Amphiestes 511. Amphiglossa 561. Amphimas 258. Amphithalea 263. Amphoranthus 187. Amphorchis 152. Amphorocalyx 394. AMYGDALACEAE 239. Amygdalus 242. Anabasis 180. Anacampseros IgI. Anacamptis 152. ANACARDIACEAE 8, 19, 20 27, 28, 325, pl. 81. Anacardium 326. Anacolosa 174. Anacyclus 577. Anagallis 419. Anaglypha 561. Anagyris 258. Ananas 122. Ananassa 122. Anaphalis 557. Anaphrenium 327. Anarrhinum 49I, 493. Anarthrosyne 280. Anastatica 218. Anastrabe 492. Anatherum 87. Anaxeton 557. Ancalanthus 514. Anchomanes 118. Anchusa 466. Ancistrocarpus 350. Ancistrochilus 157. ANCISTROCLADACEAE 65, 378. Ancistrocladus 378. Ancistrophyllum 112. Ancistrophyllum 112. Ancistrorhynchus 158. Ancylanthus 519. Ancylobothrys 436. Andira 289. Andrachne 320. Andradia 251. Androcymbium 129. Andrographis 510. Andropogon 87. Androsace 420. Androsaemum 361. _ Androsiphonia’ 370. u a 1 — Androstachys 321. Andryala 546. Aneilema 123, pl. Anemone 198, pl. Anethum 409. Aneulophus 292. Angelonia 400. Angkalanthus 514. Angolaea 231. Angrecopsis 159. Angrecum 158. Angrecum 158, 159. Angylocalyx 259. Anisacanthus 515. Anisanthus 141. 16. 46. -Aniseia 461. Aniserica 416. Anisochaeta 559. Anisochilus 475. Anisocycla 203. Anisomeles 478. Anisopappus 554. Anisophyllea 387. Anisopoda 413. Anisopus 452. Anisorhamphus 546. Anisostachya 512. Anisostigma 199. Anisotes 514. Anisothrix 560. ‘Anisotome 457. Anisotome 457. Annesorhiza 409, pl. 119. Anogeis3us 390. Anoiganthus 137. Anomalanthus 416. Anona 204, pl. 48. Anona 206. ANONACEAE 24, 26, 40, 41, 42, 54, 64, 203, pl. 48. Anonidium 206. Anonychium 246. Anopyxis 388. Anoumabia 611. Ansellia 156. Anthaenantia 81. Anthagathis 243. Anthemis 577. Anthephora 84. Anthericopsis 122. Anthericum 132. Antherotoma 394. Anthistiria 87. Anthocleista 428. Antholyza 141. Anthospermum 522. INDEX Anthospermum 523. | Anthostema 310. | Anthoxanthum 94. | Anthoxanthum 94. | Anthriscus 405. Anthriscus 412. Anthyllis 260. Antiaris 167. Anticharis 488. Antidesma 321. Antinoria 98. Antirrhinum 490. Antirrhoea 518. Antithrixia 561. Antizoma 200. Antoschmidtia 100. Antrocaryon 323. Anubias 116. Anvillea 553, 554. Apalatoa 255. Apaloxylon 2 Apera 97. 55- | Aphanes 241. | Aphania 340. Aphanocalyx 252. Aphanostylis 436. Aphelexis 553. Aphloia 373. | Aphyllanthes 130. APIACEAE 4ot. Apicra 133. | Apium 413. Apium 413. Apluda 85. APOCYNACEAE 53, 55, 56, | 58, 59, 64, 66, 67, 432, pl. 129. Apodanthes 177. Apodiscus 611. | Apodocephala 558, 569. | Apodolirion 137. Apodytes 334, pl. 84. Apodvtes 334. Apollonias 210. Aponogeton 75, pl. 5. APONOGETONACEAE 5, 75» Ppl. 5. Aporrhiza 339. Apostellis 155. Aprevalia 250. Aptandra 174. Apteranthes 455- Aptosimum 489. AQUIFOLIACEAE 59, 61, 320%. Aquilegia 199. 615 Arabis 217, 223. Arabis 218. ARACEAE 3 114° pl. 12. Arachis 267. ARALIACEAE, 43, 46,” 67, 400, pl. 118. 2 Araliopsis 298. Araujia 446. Arbutus 415. Arceuthobium 175. Arceuthos 71. Arctium 551. Arctopus 403. Arctotheca 548. Arctotis 548. Ardisia 418. Ardisiandra 420, pl. 122. Arduina 437. Areca II4. Arenaria 195. Arenaria 195. Argania 423. Argemone 213. Argomuellera 315. Argostema 532. Argyranthemum 565. Argyreia 461. Argyreia 461. Argyrella 394. | Argyrolobiurn 264, 266. Argyrostachys 184. | Arisaema 118. Arisarum 118. Aristea 143. Aristea 143. Aristida 95. Aristogeitonia 321. Aristolochia 176, pl. 38. ARISTOLOCHIACEAE 176, pl. 38. Armeniaca 242. Armeria 421. Arnebia 465. Arnottia 153. AROIDEAE 114. Aroides 117. Arrhenatherum 99. Arrowsmithia 555, 556. Artabotrys 204, 205. Artanema 495. Artemisia 566, 578, 597. Artemisiopsis 561. Arthraerua 184. Arthratherum 95. Arthraxon 86, 87. | Arthrocarpum 273. 616 Arthrochortus 90. Arthrocnemum 181, Arthrolobium 262. Arthrophyllum 497. Arthrosolen 381. Arthrostylis 108. Artocarpus 167. Arum 118, Arundinaria 88, Arundinella 98. Arundo ror. Asaemia 578. ASCLEPIADACEAE 64, 66, 441, pl. 130. Asclepias 449. Asclepias 449. Ascolepis 108. Askidiosperma 120. Aspalathus 264. Asparagus 129. Aspera 521. ASPERIFOLIAGEAE 463. Asperugo 466. Asperula 521. Asphodeline 132. Asphodelus 132. Aspidoglossum 451. Aspilia 583. Assonia 357. Astelia 134. Astephania 554. Astephanocarpa 562. Astephanus 446. Aster 567, 572, 574- Aster 567. Asteracantha 504. Asteranthe 206. Asteranthopsis 206. Asteriscus 554. Asterochaete 107. Asterolinum 419. Asterolinum 419. Asteropeia 360. Asterosperma 567. Asterothrix 546. Astiria 357. Astragalus 270, 285, 288. Astrocarpus 229. Astrochlaena 462. Astropanax 400. Astydamia 409. Asystasia 510. Asystasia 509, 510. Asystasiella 510. Ataenidia 149. Alaxia 94. INDEX Athamanta 411. Athamantha 406. Athanasia 578. Atheranthera 536. Athrixia 561. Atractocarpa 88. Atractogyne 527. Atractylis 550. Atraphaxis 178. Atriplex 181. Atropa 482. ATROPACEAE 481. Atropis 105. Atroxima 308. Atylosia 283. Aubyra 292. Aucoumea 302. Audouinia 236. Augea 294. Aulacocalyx 517. Aulax 170. Aulaya 485. Aulojusticia 512. Aulostephanus 456. Aulotandra 147. AURANTIACEAE 295. Aurelia 136. Australina 168. Autunesia 568. Auxopus 154. Avellinia 103. Avena 97, 99, I05. Avenasivum 97. Averrhoa 290. Avicennia 469. Aviceps 151. Axonopus 82. Azadirachta 304. Azima 332. Azorella 402. Babiana 142. Baccaurea 322. Baccaureopsis 322. Bachmannia 214. Bacopa 494. Badula 418. Baeometra 129. Baikiaea 256. Baillonella 421. Baissea 435. Bakerisideroxylon 422. Balaniella 607. Balanites 293, pl. 72. Balanophora 176. | BALANOPHORACEAE 7, 16, 176. Balansaea 406. Ballochia 511. Ballota 479. | Balsamea 301. BALSAMINACEAE 35, 343, P1.287. Balsamocitrus 299. Balsamodendron 301. Bambusa 89. Bandeivaea 248. Banisterioides 307. _ Baoutia 607. | Baphia 257. | Baphiopsis 249. Barbacenia 139, pl. 20. Barbarea 223. Barberetta 1 35. | Barbeuia 188. _Barbeya 163. _ Barbeyastrum 394. Barkhousia 546. Barlaea 152. | Barleria 507. | Barlia 152. Baronia 328. Baroniella 443. | Barosma 296. | Barringtonia 387, pl. z11. | Barrowia 455. | Barteria 370. Bartholina 153. Bartschia 484. Bavisia 484. Basananihe 376. Basella ıgı. BASELLACEAE 50, 191. | Baseonema 442. Basilicum 473. Bassia 182. Bassia 423. Batalas 462. Batesanthus 443. Bathiaea 256. Baudouinia 251. Bauhinia 248, pl. 67. Bauhinia 248. Baukea 280. Baumannia 518. Baumia 486. Beatsonia 364. Beaumontia 434. Bechium 570. Becium 473. Beckera 82. | : Begonia 378, pl. 107. BEGONIACEAE 17, 49, 377, pl. 107. Behnia 130. Beilschmiedia 210. Belamcanda 144. Bellardia 484. Bellevalia 128. Bellis 573. Bellium 573. Belmontia 430. Belonophora 517. Bembicia 371. Bembycodium 578. Bencomia 241. Benincasa 541. Berardia 237, 238. BERBERIDACEAE 21, 22, 23, 199. Berberis 199. Berchemia 344. Berenice 234. Bergia 363, pl. 100. Berkheya 548, 551, 568. Berkheyopsis 549. Berlinia 255, 256. Berlinia 608. Bernieria 210. Bersama 342, pl. 86. Bertiera 529. Berula 412. Berzelia 237. Berzelia 237. Beta 181. Betonica 479. BETULACEAE 7, 17, 162. Biarum 118. Biasolettia 406. Bicornella 153. Bidens 581. Bifaria 175. Bifora 406. BIGNONIACEAE 53, 57, 58, | 59, 495, pl. 137. Bingeria 304, 609. Biophytum 291, pl. 69. Biscutella 226. Biserrula 285. Bismarkia 111. Bivinia 371. Bivonaea 228. Bixa 365. BIXACEAE 25, 365. BIXACEAE 366, 367. Blackwellia 371. Blaeria 417. INDEX ı Blainvillea 537. Blastania 537. Blatti 385. BLATTIACEAE 385. Bleekrodia 164. Blepharis 508. Blepharispermum 556. Blighia 339. Blighia 338. Blitum 182. Blumea 557, 559. Blyxa 78. Bobartia 144. Bocagea 205. Boeckeleria 108. Boehmeria 170. Boerhavia 187. Boissiera 100. Bojeria 560. Bolbophyllum 160. Bolbophyllum 160. Bolboxalis 291. Bolusanthus 259. Bolusia 262. BOMBACACEAE 35, 38, 39, | 63, 353, Pl. 93. Bombax 353, pl. 93. Bonamia 459. Bonatea 152. Bonaveria 260. Bonieania 262. | Bonnaya 493. Bonniera 158. | Boottia 78. Bopusia 487. BORAGINEAE 463. Borassus III. Borbonia 264. BORRAGINACEAE 54, 55, 60, 64, 463, pl. 132. Borraginoides 466. | Borrago 465. Borreria 522. Boscia 214. Bosia 133. Bosqueia 167. Bosqueiopsis 167. Boswellia 302. Bothriocline 570. Bothriospermum 466. Botor 272. Botryceras 327. Boucerosia 455. Bouchea 468. Bouetia 612. Bougainvillea 187. Boussingaultia 191. | Boutonia 507. Bowiea 126, Bowkeria 492. Bowlesia 402. | Brabeium 170, | Brachyachaenium 553. Brachycarpaea 220. Brachycome 573. Brachycorythis 153. Brachycorythis 153. | Brachyelytrum 96. Brachylaena 556. Brachymeris 579. Brachypodium 105, Brachyrhynchos 576. Brachysiphon 380. | Brachystegia 254. Brachystelma 457. | Brachystelma 456, 457- Brachystelmaria 457. Brachystephanus 511. | Brackenridgea 359. Bracteolaria 257. Bradburya 276. ı Bramia 494. Brandzeia 249. Brasenia 197. Brassica 221, Brassica 221, Brayera 241. Brazzeia 358. Brehmia 429. Bremontiera 273. Breonia 525. Breweria 459, 460. Brexia 234, pl. 60. Breynia 324. Bricchettia 319, 608, Bridelia 310. Bridelia 319. Brignolia 411. Brillantaisia 504. Briza 104. Brizopyrum 104. Brocchia 565. Brochoneura 208. Brochoneura 208. OL, | BROMELIACEAE 6, 122. Bromus 99, 104 Broteroa 551J Broussonetia 165 Brownleea 151, Brucea 300. Brugmansia 481. Bruguiera 388. 618 Brunella 477. Brunia 237. Brunia 237. BRUNIACEAE 43, 44, 46, 47, 56, 65, 66, 67, 236, pl. 63. Brunnichia 178. Brunsvigia 137. Bryodes 493. Bryomorphe 561. Bryonia 540. Bryonia 540. Bryonopsis 541. Bryophyllum 233. Bubania 420. Bubon 409. Bucculina 153. Buchenroedera 265. Buchholzia 214. Buchnera 485. Buchnerodendron 368. Buddleia 428. Buddleia 427. Buechnera 485. Buettnera 356. BUETTNERIACEAE 354. Buffonia 195. Buforrestia 123. Bulbine 132. Bulbinella 132. Bulbophyllum 160. Bulbostylis 109. Bulliarda 232. Bunburya 527. Bunias 218. Bunium 412. Bunium 406, 412. Buphane 136. Bupleurum 405, 411. Burasaia 203. Burchellia 528. Burkea 249. Burmannia 149. BURMANNIACEAE 5, 149. Burnatastrum 474. Burnatia 76. BURSERACEAE 32, pl. 75. Buseria 520. Bussea 250. Butayea 509. BUTOMACEAE 5, 77. Butomopsis 77. Butomus 77. Buttonia 486. Butyrospermum 422. BUXACEAE 12, 374. 301, INDEX Buxus 324. Byrsanthus 371. Byrsocarpus 244. Byrsocarpus 608. Byrsophyllum 527. Bystropogon 480. Cacalia 576. Cacara 277. Cachrys 407. Cacoucia 390. CACTACEAE 45, 66, 378. Cadaba 214. Cadalvena 146. Cadia 249, 258. Cadia 258. Cadiscus 584. | Caesalpinia 251. CAESALPINIACEAE 235. Caesia 131. Cailliea 246. ‚ Cajanus 280, 283. Cakile 224. Caladium 116. Caladium 116. Calamagrostis 96. Calamintha 479. Calamus III. Calamus 112. Calanda 518. Calanthe 157. Calantica 371, 372. Calathea 149. Calceolaria 489. Calceolaria 367. Caldesia 76. ' Calendula 557, 563. Calepina 225. Calesiam 329. Calicorema 184. Callianassa 488. Calliandra 248. Callicarpa 469. Callichilia 439. Calligonum 178. Callilepis 554. Callipeltis 521. CALLITRICHACEAE 8, 324 Callitriche 324. Callitris 71, pl. 2. Callopsis 117. Calluna 417. Calocrater 439. Calodendron 296. Calodryum 305. Caloncoba 369. Calonyction 462. Calophanes 505, 506. Calophyllum 362. Calopyxis 390. Calostephane 559. ' Calotropis 449. Calpocalyx 246. Calpurnia 258. Calvaria 423. Calvoa 397. Calycopteris 390. Calycotome 267. Calyptrocarpus 581. Calyptrochilus 158. Calyptrotheca 215. Calysaccion 362. Calystegia 460. Camarotea 506. Camelina 219. Camellia 360. Camilleugenia 152. Camoensia 258. Campanula 543. CAMPANULACEAE 48, 59, 65, 67, 68, 541, pl. 149. Camphorosma 182. Campnosperma 326. Camptocarpus 443. Camptolepis 340. Camptoloma 488. Camptostylus 368. Campulosus 91. Campylanthus 487. ı Campylochiton 390. Campylogyne 390. Campvlostachys 468. Campylostemon 332. Cananga 205. Canarina 543. Canarium 302. Canarium 302. Canavalia 276. CANELLACEAE 366. Canephora 528. Canna 147. Cannabis 166. CANNACEAE 5, 147. Cannomois 120. Canscora 431. Canscora 431. Cantharospermum 283. Canthium 519. Cantuffa 250. Caopia 361. Caperonia 311, 609. Capitanya 474. Capnophyllum 408. CAPPARIDACEAE 11, 13, INDEX | Cassine 331. 14, 21, 23, 24, 36, 37, 38, 39, | Cassinia 556. 63, 213, pl. 54. CAPPARIDACEAE 229. Capparis 215. Capraria 487. CAPRIFOLIACEAE 65, 66, 67, 533, pl. 145. Capsella 220, 228. Capsicum 483. Carallia 388. Caralluma 455. Carandas 437. Carapa 304, 306. Carapa 303. Carbenia 549. Cardamine 223. Cardanthera 504. Cardiochlamys 460. Cardiogyne 165. Cardiospermum 336. Cardopatium 551. Carduncellus 550. Carduus 551. Carex 107. Carica 377: CARICACEAE 54, 63, 377. Carissa 437. Carlina 550. Carolofritschia 501. Caroxylon 179. Carpacoce 522. Carpha 107, 109. Carphalea 532. Carphalea 531. Carpodinus 436. Carpodinus 440. Carpodiptera 348. Carpolobia 308. Carpolobia 308. Carpolyza 136. Carponenia 220. Carregnoa 135. Carrichtera 225. Carruthia 305. Carthamus 550. Carum 412. Carum 412, 413, 414. Carvalhoa 440. CARYOPHYLLACEAE: 9, RTV Ls, TSF 120, 225+450;''52, I9I, pl. 45. Caryophyllus 392. Casearia 372. Cassia 252. Cassine 331. Cassinopsis 334. | Cassipourea 388. | Cassytha 209. Castalia 197. | Castanea 163. | Castilloa 167. Casuarina 161. | CASUARINACEAE 7, 160. | Catabrosa 102. ' Catananche 547. | Catapodium 105. Catha 330. | Cathastrum 331. Catophractes 495. | Caucalis 404. | Caucalis 404, 406. Caucanthus 307. | Caulinia 75. Cayaponia 538. Caylusea 229. Cebatha 201. Cedrela 303. CEDRELEAE 302. Cedrelopsis 302. _Cedronella 476. Cedrus 71. Ceiba 353. CELASTRACEAE 21, 22, 27, 30, 31, 36, 44, 45, 47, 48, 329, pl. 82% CELASTRACEAE 332. | Celastrus 330. Celosia 186. | Celsia 489. Celtis 164. Cenchrus 81. | Cenia 565. Centaurea 550. Centauropsis 558. Centella 402. Centema 184, 185. Centemopsis 608. Centipeda 579. Centotheca 104. _Centranthus 534. Centratherum 570. Centroplacus 320. Centrosema 276, 280. Centunculus 419. Cephaélis 524. Cephalandra 536. Cephalanthera 154. Cephalanthus 517, 525. Cephalaria 534, pl. 147. 619 Cephalocroton 314. Cephalocrotonopsis 314. Cephalonema 350. Cephalosphaera 208. |Cephalostachyum 88, Cephalostigma 544. Ceraria 608, Cerastium 194. Cerastium 195. Cerasus 242. | Ceratandra 150. Ceratiosicyos 376. Cevatocaryum 120. Ceratocephalus 198. Ceratocnemon 224. Ceratonia 254. Ceratophorus 318. CERATOPHYLLACEAE to, 197. | Ceratophyllum 197. | Ceratosepalum 350. Ceratostigma 420. Ceratotheca 499. Cerbera 438. Cercestis 117. Cercestis 117. | Cercopetalum 214. | Cereus 378. Cerinthe 464. Ceriops 388. Cerolepis 368. | Ceropegia 456. Ceruana 571. Cervicina 544. Cestichis 156. | Cestrum 481. Chadsia 287. Chaenorrhinum 491. ı Chaenostoma 493, pl. 136. Chaerophyllum 406. Chaerophyllum 406. Chaetacanthus 505. Chaetacme 164. Chaetobromus 99. Chaetocarpus 318. Chaetosciadium 406. | Chailletia 309. CHAILLETIACEAE 309. Chalazocarpus 529. Chamaealoe 133. Chamaelea 295. Chamaemeles 239. Chamaemelum 577, 578. Chamaenerium 398. Chamaepeuce 551. Chamaerops IIO. 620 Chamira 220. Chapeliera 528. Charadrophila 487. Charia 305. Charieis 573. Chasalia 525. Chasmanthera 202. Chasmanthera 202. Cheiranthus 217. Cheirolaena 357. Cheirostylis 155. Chelidonium 212. Chenolea 182. Chenolea 182. CHENOPODIACEAE 7, 9, 15, 179, pl. 40. CHENOPODIACEAE 187, 191. Chenopodina 179. Chenopodium 182. Chevreulia 562. Chilianthus 427. Chiliocephalum 561. Chilocalyx 215. Chionothrix 184. Chironia 432, pl. 128. CHLAENACEAE 32, 33, 38, 39, 347, Pl. 90. Chlamydacanthus 511. Chlamydocardia 514. Chlamydocarya 333. Chlamydojatropha 610. Chlamydophora 578. Chlora 431. Chloridion 81. Chloris 92, pl. 8. Chlorocodon 442. Chlorocyathus 443. Chloromyrtus 392. Chloropatane 208, 608, 610. Chlorophora 165. Chlorophytum 132. Chlorophytum 131. Chloryllis 278. Choananthus 607. Chomelia 526. Chondrilla 546. Choristylis 235. Choritaenia 408. Chortolirion 133. Christiania 348. Christiania 611. Chrozophora 311, 609. Chrysalidocarpus 114. Chrysanthellum 573. Chrysanthemum 566, 578, 579 INDEX Chrysithrix 107. Chrysobalanus 243. Chrysocoma 572. Chrysocoma 572. Chrysophyllum 422. Chrysopia 362. Chrysopogon 87. Chrysurus 95. Chymococca 382. Chytranthus 337, 338. Cicca 323. Cicendia 431. Cicer 261. Cicerbita 546. Cichorium 548. Cienfuegosia 353. Cinchona 531. Cincinnobotrys 397. Cineraria 566, 576. Cinnamomum 210. Cinnamosma 366. Cipadessa 304. Circaea 398. Circinus 260. Cirrhopetalum 160. Cirsium 55I, 552. Cissampelos 200. Cissampelos 200. Cissus 346, pl. 89. Cissus 346. CISTACEAE 25, 33, 35, 37 38, 365, pl. 102. Cistanche 500, pl. 139. Cistanthera 350. Cistus 365, pl. 102. Citrullus 541. Citrus 299. Cladanthus 576. Cladanthus 577. Cladium 108. Cladosicyos 537. Cladostemon 214. Cladostigma 459. Claoxylon 316. Clathrospermum 205. Clausena 299. Cleanthe 143. Cleidion 316. Cleistachne 86. Cleistanthus 319. Cleistochlamys 206. Cleistopholis 206. Clematis 198. Cleome 215. Cleome 215. Cleomodendron 215. Cleonia 477. Clerodendron 470, pl. 133. Clerodendron 479. Clethra 415. CLETHRACEAE 40, 414. Cliffortia 241. Clinogyne 149, pl. 25. Clinogyne 149. Clinopodium 479. Clitandra 436, pl. 129. Clitoria 276, 281, 285. Clitoria 276. Clivia 136. Cloiselia 552. CLUSIACEAE 360. Cluytia 317. Cluytiandra 323. Clypeola 218. Cnemidostachys 318. CNEORACEAE 30, 295. Cneorum 295. Cnestis 244. Cnicus 549. Cnicus 551. Cnidium 409. Coccinia 536, 539. Coccobryon 161. Coccosperma 416. Cocculus 201, pl. 47. Cocculus 201. Cochlanthus 444. Cochlearia 227. COCHLOSPERMACEAE 25, 38, 366. Cochlospermum 366. Cockburnia 502. Cocos 112. Codon 462. Codonostigma 416. Codonura 435. Coelachne rot. Coelachyrum 92. Coelanthum 189. Coelidium 263. Coelocarpus 468. Coelocaryon 207. Coffea 520. Cogniauxia 539. Cohnia 134. Coilostigma 416. Coinochlamys 428. Coix 83. Cola 354. COLCHICACEAE 125. Colchicum 125. Coldenia 464. ———————E ee Colea 497. Coleonema 297. Coleotrype 123. Coleus 475. Colobachne 84. Colobanthus 195. Colocasia 116. Colocynthis 541. Colpias 491. Colpodium 97. Colpoon 172. Colubrina 345. Colutea 287. Coluteastrum 285. Colvillea 250. COMBRETACEAE 359, pl. 113. COMBRETACEAE 211. Combretum 390, pl. 113. Combretum 390. Cometes 192. Cometia 321. Commelina 122. COMMELINACEAE 4, 122, pl. 16. Commidendron 574. Commiphora 301. COMPOSITAE 7; 9, 15, 64, 544, pl. 150. Conchopetalum 341. Coniandra 538. CONIFERAE 70. Conium 407. CONNARACEAE 20, 42, 52, 64, 243, pl. 66. Connarus 243, pl. 66. Conocarpus 390. Conomitra 447. Conopharyngia 439. Conopodium 406. Conopodium 407. Conosapium 318. Conringia 223. CONVOLVULACEAE 51, 52, 56, 59, 60, 61, 64, 457, pl.131. Convolvulus 460. Convolvulus 460, 461. Conyza 572. Copaiba 252. Copaifera 252. Coptosperma 526. Corallocarpus 537. Corbularia 136. Corchorus 350. Cordeauxia 254. Cordia 463, pl. 132. 16, 44, INDEX Cordyla 249. Cordyline 134. Cordylocarpus 221. Cordylogyne 451. Corema 325. Coreopsis 581. Coriandrum 406. Coriaria 325. CORIARIACEAE 41, 325. Coridothymus 480. Coris 419. CORNACEAE 46, 47, 414. CORNACEAE 380. Cornicina 260. Cornulaca 180, Cornus 414. Coronilla 260. Coronopus 226. Corrigiola 193. Corycium 150. Corydalis 212. Corylus 162. Corymbis 155. Corymbium 569. Corymborchis 155. Corymbostachys 512. Corynanthe 531. Corynanthe 531. Corynephorus Ioo. Cosmos 581. Cossignia 341. Cossonia 222,.224. Costularia 108. Costus 146. Cotoneaster 239. Cottsia 306. Cotula 565, 566, 567, 578, 579, 580. Cotyledon 233. Cotylodiscus 340. Cotylonychia 355. Coula 174. Courbonia 214. Courrantia 578- Courtoisia 109. Crabbea 508. Cracca 272. Craibia 609. Crambe 225. Cranzia 298. Craspedorhachis gr. Craspidosperma 437. Crassocephalum 572. Crassula 232. CRASSULACEAE 41, 42, 64, 232, pl. 59. Crassuvia 233. Crataegus 240. Crataeva 215. Craterispermum 519. Craterosiphon 382. Craterostemma 457. Craterostigma 494. Cremaspora 517. Cremocarpus 523. Crepis 546, 547. Cressa 459. Crinum 138, pl. 19. Crioceras 439. Crithmum 410. Crocodiloides 548. Crocosmia 142. Crocus 140. Crocyllis 523. Crossandra 509. Crossandrella 508. Crossonephelis 337. Crossopteryx 526. Crossostemma 375. Crossotropis 102. Crotalaria 263. Croton 310. Crotonogyne 311, 610. Crotonogyne 610. Crotonogynopsis 314. Crucianella 521. CRUCIFERAE 12, 13, 20, ATC S2By IT 2 20) AO SE, pl. 53. Crudia 255. Crupina 550. Crypsis 83. Cryptadenia 382. Cryptocarya 210, Cryptogyne 422. Cryptolepis 445. Cryptolepis 445. Cryptopus 159. Cryptosepalum 252, 255. Cryptostegia 444. Cryptostemma 548. Cryptostephanus 135. Cryptotaenia 412. Ctenium 91. Ctenolepis 537. Ctenomeria 313. Ctenophrynium 148, Ctenopsis 93. Ctenorchis 159. Cubeba 161. Cucubalus 196. 621 10, 27, 35, 36, 216, 622 Cucumeropsis 537. Cucumis 537, 541. Cucurbita 538. CUCURBITACEAE 43, 44, 45, 47, 48, 49, 65, 66, 67, 535, pl. 148. Culcasia 117. Cullumia 549. Cullumiopsis 563. Cuminum 404. Cunonia 235.- CUNONIACEAE 33, 39, 235, pl. 62. Cupania 339, 340. Cuphea 384. Cuphocarpus 401. Cupressus 71. CUPULIFERAE 162, 163. Curculigo 139. Curcuma 146. Curroria 445. Curtisia 414. Cuscuta 458. Cussonia 400, pl. 118, Cutandia 102. Cuviera 519. Cyamopsis 281, 284. CYANASTRACEAE 6, 124. Cyanastrum 124. Cyanella 139. Cyanopis 570. Cyanothyrsus 256 608. Cyanotis 123. Cyatanthus 167. Cyathogyne 322. Cyathula 185. CYCADACEAE 1, 69 pl. 1. Cycas 69. Cyclamen 419. Cyclantheropsis 535. Cyclocampe 108. Cyclocarpa 269. Cyclocheilon 470. Cyclocotyla 437. Cyclonema 470. Cyclopia 257° Cycloptychis 220. Cyclostemon 322. Cycniopsis 485. Cycnium 485. Cydonia 239. Cylicodiscus 247. Cylicomorpha 377. Cylindrocline 556. Cylindrolepis 109. Cylindropsis 436. INDEX Cylista 279, 282. Cymbalaria 490. Cymbidium 159. Cymbopogon 87. Cymbosepalum 253. Cymodocea 74. Cymodocea 74. Cynanchum 449. Cynanchum 446, 448, 449. Cynara 551. Cynaropsis 551. CYNOCRAMBACEAE 187. Cynocrambe 187. Cynoctonum 449. Cynodon or. Cynoglossum 466. Cynometra 254. Cynometra 253, 608. CYNOMORIACEAE 15, 400. | Cynomorium 400. Cynorchis 152. Cynosorchis 152. Cynosurus 102. CYPERACEAE 2, 106, pl. 9. | Cyperus 109. Cyperus 109. Cyphia 542. Cyphocarpa 185. Cyphocarpa 185. Cyphochlaena 85. Cypholepis 92. Cypselodontia 559. CYRTANDREAE 500. Cyrtanthus 138. Cyrtogonone 610. Cyrlopera 157. Cyrtopodium 157. Cyrtosperma II5. Cyrtoxiphus 247. Cysticapnos 212. Cystistemon 465. CYTINACEAE 177. Cytinus 177. Cytisus 266. 15, Daboecia 416. Dactyliandra 540. Dactylis 104. Dactyloctenium 93. Dactylopetalum 388. Daemia 448. Dais 382. Dalbergia 273, 286. Dalechampia 313. | Damapana 269. | Damasonium 76. | Damatris 548. | Danais 531. | Daniellia 255, 608. | Daniellia 256, 608. Danthonia 99, 105. Danthonia 99. | Daphne 383. | Daphniphyllum 319, 610. Dasylepis 368. Dasylepis 368. Dasysphaera 186. Dasystachys 131. Datura 481. Daubenya 126. Daucus 405. Daucus 404, 405. Debesia 131. Debregeasia 170. Decabelone 454. | Decaceras 457. Decalepis 108. Decanema 447. Decanemopsis 447. | Decaneurum 570. Deckenia 113. Deckera 546. Deeringia 186. Deguelia 286. Deidamia 375. | Deinbollia 340, 341, pl. 85. Deinbollia 340. Dekindtia 426. Delamerea 558. Delognaea 538. Delphinium 199. Delpydora 422. Demeusea 136. Demidium 558. Dendrocalamus 88, Dendrosicyos 537. Denekia 558. Dermatobotrys 492. Deroemeria 153. Derris 286, 287, 288. Derris 609. Desbordesia 301. Deschampsia 100, Descurainia 217. Desmanthus 245. Desmazeria 104. Desmochaeta 135. Desmodium 27I, 273, 276, 280, 281. Dalhousiea 257. Desmodium 261. Pe ee Desmonema 201, 202. Desmophyllum 295. Desmostachya 93. Desmostachys 334. Desplatzia 349. Desplatzia 611. Detarium 252. ' Detris 567. Deverra 413. Dewevrea 288. Dewevrella 433. Dewildemania 568. Dewindtia 252. Deyeuxia 96. Dialiopsis 342. Dialium 251. Dialium 608. Dialypetalum 541. Dianella 131. Dianthella 195. Dianthera 215, 512. Dianthoseris 547. Dianthus 196. Diapedium 514. Diaphycarpus 412. Diascia 490, 492. Diaspis 307. Diastella 607. Diberara 238. Dicellandra 395. Diceratella 216. Dichaelia 457. Dichaelia 457. Dichaetanthera 394. DICHAPETALACEAE 31, 33, 47, 55, 56, 61, 67, 309, pl. 79. Dichapetalum 309, pl. 79. Dicheranthus 192. Dichilus 264. Dichondra 458. Dichostemma 310. Dichroanthus 217. Dichrocephala 571. Dichrostachys 246. Dicliptera 514. Dicliptera 514. Diclis 491. Dicoma 553. Dicoryphe 238. Dicraea 231. Dicraea 231. Dicraeanthus 231. Dicraeopetalum 258. Dicranolepis 382. Dicranotaenia 158. INDEX Dictyandra 529. Dictyochloa ror. Dictyosperma 114. Didelotia 254. Didelotia 254. Didelta 548, 551. Didesmus 224. Didierea 335. DIDIEREACEAE 335. Didymocarpus 501. Didymodoxa 168. Dierama 142. Dietes 144. Digera 183. Digitalis 488. Digitaria 82. Dignathia 607, Dilatris 135. Dillenia 358. DILLENIACEAE 41, 42, 358] pl. 96. Dilobeia 170. Dimorphochlamys 540. Dimorphotheca 557, 564, 576, 584. Dinacria 232. Dineba 93. Dinebra 93. Dinklagea 244. Dinophora 393. 561, | Dintera 493. Dioclea 268. Diodia 522. Dioncophyllum 371. Dionychia 394. Dioscorea 140, pl. 21. DIOSCOREACEAE 6, pli zT. 140, | Dioscoreophyllum 200. Diosma 297. Diospyros 425. Diotis 576. | Dipcadi 127. | Diphaca 273. | Diphasia 298. | Dipidax 129. Diplachne 103. | Diplachne 93, 102. Diplacrum 106. Diplanthemum 349. Diplanthera 74. Diplochonium 189. Diplocrater 527. Diplocyathus 455- Diplolophium 411. | Diplopappus 567. 623 Diplorrhynchus 438, Diplospora 527. Diplostigma 448. Diplotaxis 221, 223. DIPSACACEAE 65, 534, pl. 147. Dipsacus 535. Dipteracanthus 507. DIPTEROCARPACEAE 33, 363. DIPTEROCARPACEAE 378. Dipteropeltis 459. Dipterygium 215. Dirachma 289. Dirichletia 531. Disa 151. | Disa 151. Dischisma 489. Dischistocalyx 506, 507. Discocapnos 212. Discoclaoxylon 610. Discoglypremna 610. Discopodium 482, pl. 135. Diparago 561, 562. Disperis 150. Disperma 505. Dissomeria 368. Dissotis 394, pl. 115. Distemonanthus 251. Distichocalyx 507. Dittelasma 337. Dobera 332. Dobrowskya 542. Dodonaea 341. Dolichandrone 496, Dolichandrone 496. Dolicholus 272. Dolichometra 532. Dolichos 277, 278. Dolichos 278. Dombeya 357, pl. 94. Donaldsonia 375. Donax 101, 149. Dopatrium 493. Doratanthera 488. Doratoxylon 342. Doria 568. Doronicum 575. Dorstenia 165, pl. 31. Doryalis 372. Doryanthes 138. Dorycnium 262. Dorycnopsis 260. Dovea 120. Dovyalis 372. 624 Draba 219, 227. Dracaena 134, pl. 18. Dracunculus 118. Drake-Brockmania 607. Dregea 454. Drepanocarpus 286, Drimia 128. Drimiopsis 126. Droguetia 168. Droogmansia 261. Drosera 230, pl. 56. DROSERACEAE 22, 25, 230 pl. 56. Drosophyllum 230. Drusa 402. Drymaria 194. Drypetes 322. Drypetes 611. Duboscia 349. Duboscia 611. Ducrosia 409. Dumasia 279. Dumoria 42I, 612. Duparquetia 25I, 257. Duranta 468. Duvalia 455. Duvernoia 513. Dyerophyton 420, pl. 123. Dypsidium 114. Dypsis 113. Dyschoriste 506. EBENACEAE 57,61, 62, 424, pl. 125. Ebenus 284. Ebermaiera 503. Ecastaphyllum 273. Ecballium 541. Ecbolium 515. Ecbolium 514. Echeveria 233. Echidnopsis 454. Echinaria 100, Echinodorus 76. Echinolaena 82. Echinophora 405. Echinops 549. Echinopsilon 182. Echinopteris 306. Echinospermum 466. Echinothamnus 376. Echinus 315. Echiochilon 464. Echium 464. Ecklonia 108. Eclipta 582. INDEX Ecpoma 530. Ectadiopsis 445. Ectadium 444. Ectinocladus 435. Edithcolea 455. Edwardia 354. Eenia 553. Egassea 358. Ehretia 464. Ehrharta 94. Eichhornia 124. Ekebergia 305. ELAEAGNACEAE to, 383. Elaeagnus 383. Elaeis 112. ELAEOCARPACEAE 33, 37, 347- Elaeocarpus 347. Elaeodendron 331, pl. 82. Elaeodendron 331. Elaeophorbia 310. Elaeoselinum 404. Elaeoselinum 404. ELATINACEAE 63, pl. 100. Elatine 363. Elatinoides 490. Elatostema 169. Elegia 120. Eleocharis 109. Elephantopus 569. Elephantorrhiza 247. Elettaria 147. Eleusine 93. Eleusine 93. Eliaea 361. 393, | Elichrysum 553. Elionurus 87. Ellertonia 441. Elsholtzia 476. Elymus or. Elynanthus 107. Elytraria 503. Elytropappus 563. Elytrophorus ror. Embelia 418. Emex 178. Emicocarpus 450. Emilia 576. Emiliomarcelia 328. Eminia 278. EMPETRACEAE 12, 26, 325 Empetrum 325. Emplectanthus 457. Empleuridium 296. Empleurum 296. | Empogona 526. Enalus 78. Enantia 204. Enarthrocarpus 222. Enchysia 542. Endacanthus 333. Endodesmia 362. Endonema 380. Endonema 380. Endosiphon 507. Endostemon 472. Endotropis 449. Endymion 127. Englerastrum 475. Engleria 572. Englerodaphne 382. Englerodendron 255. Enicostemma 432. Enneapogon 96. Entada 247. Enteropogon 92. | Enterospermum 527. | Entoplocamia 93. Enydra 582. Epallage 583. Epaltes 558. Ephedra 72. Ephippiandra 209. Epiclastopelma 506. Epilobium 398. Epilobium 398. Epimedium 199. Evinetrum 200, 202. Epipactis 154. Epiphora 156. Epipogon 155. Epischoenus 107. Epitaberna 527. Epithema 501. Eragrostis 103. Eragrostis 92, 93. Eranthemum 504. Evanthemum 509. Erblichia 374. Erechthites 575. Eremia 416. Eremiopsis 416. Eremobium 217. Eremochlaena 348. Evemolaena 348. Eremomastax 504. Eremopyrum 90. Eremospatha 112. | Eremothamnus 558, Encephalartos 69, pl. r. Entandrophragma 303. 568. Eriander 297, 608, 609. Eriandrostachys 340. Erianthus 86. Eribroma 354. Erica 417. Erica 417. ERICACEAE 51, 52, 54, 55, 57, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 68, 415, pl. 120. ERICACEAE 415. Ericinella 417. Erigeron 567, 572, 574. Erinacea 267. Erinus 488. Eriobotrya, 240. ERIOCAULACEAE 3, 121 pl. 15. Eriocaulon 121. Eriocephalus 564. Eriocephalus 564. Eriochloa 81. Eriocoelum 339. Eriodendron 353. Erioglossum 337. Eriophorum 109. Eriosema 272, 274, 279, 282. Eriospermum 131. Eriosphaera 562. Eriospora 106. Eriospora 106. Eriothrix 575. Eritrichium 466. Erlangea 570. Ernestimeyera 516. Erodium 290. Erophaca 270. Erophila 219. Eruca 224, 225. Erucaria 222. Erucaria 221. Erucastrum 221. “ Ervatamia 440. Ervum 269. Eryngium 403. Erysimum 217. Erythraea 430, 432. Erythrina 281. Erythrocephalum 552. Erythrochlamys 473. Erythrococca 316. Erythrophloeum 249. Erythrophysa 341. Erythropyxis 358. Erythroselinum 612. Erythrospermum 368. Erythrostictus 129. INDEX 625 ERYTHROXYLACEAE 19,| Exochaenium 430. 2I, 29, 34, 292, pl.) 71. Erythroxylon 293, pl. 71. Ethanium 147. Ethulia 569. Euadenia 214. Eucalyptus 391. Euchaetis 297. Euchlaena 83. Euchlora 264. | Euclaste 87. | Euclea 425. Euclidium 219. Eucomis 126. Eudianthe 196. Eufragia 484. Eugenia 392, pl. 114. Eugenia 392. Eulalia 86. Eulenburgia 540. Eulophia 157. Eulophia 156, 159, 160. _Eulophidium 160. Eulophiella 157. Eulophiopsis 159. Eumorphia 577. Eupatorium 571. Euphorbia 310. Euphorbia 310. EUPHORBIACEAE 8, Io, EL E2082 71,3405 peal 309, pl. 8o. EUPHORBIACEAE 324. Euphoria 339. Euphoria 338. Euphrasia 484. | Eureiandra 539. Eurotia 608. Euryandra 539. Eurylobium 467. Euryops 575. Eurypetalum 253. Eustegia 450. Euthystachys 468. | Euxolus 183. Evacidium 555. Evax 555. | Evodia 296. Evolvulus 459. Evonymus 330. | Exacum 430. Excoecaria 318. Excoecaria 611. | Excoecariopsis 317, 610, Exechostylus 517. Exocarpus I72. | Exomis 181, Eylesia 485. | Faba 269. | FABACEAE 235. | Fabricia 273. Fadogia 513. FAGACEAE 17, 163 Fagara 296. Fagelia 283. Fagonia 294. Fagopyrum 178. Faguetia 327. Falcaria 412. Falkia 458. Fanninia 451. | Faroa 431. Farquharia 612. | Farsetia 217, 219. Farselia 217, 219. Faujasia 575. Faurea 171. Fedia 534. Feeria 544. Fegimanra 326. Felicia 567, 574- | Ferdinandia 496. | Feretia 527. Fernandia 496. | Fernelia 526. | Ferraria 144. | Ferula 408. Ferula 409. Ferulago 409. | Festuca 93, 96, 105. | Festuca 105. | Fibigia 219. | Ficalhoa 416. | Ficaria 198. Ficinia 109. Ficinia 109. | FICOIDEAE 188. Ficus 167. Fidelia 546. Filago 556. Filetia 510. Filicium 336. Filipendula 241. Fillaea 249. Fillaeopsis 247. Fimbristylis 109 | Fingerhuthia 94, IoI. | Fintelmannia 106. | Firmiana 354. | Flabellaria 307. 2R 626 Flacourtia 373, pl. 104. INDEX _Gagnebina 246. FLACOURTIACEAE 11, 12, Gaillardia 583. 13, 14, 16, 21, 23, 25, 45, | Gaillonia 521. 367, pl. 104. FLACOURTIACEAE 424. Flagellaria 119. FLAGELLARIACEAE 4, 119. Flagenium 528. Flanagania 448. Flaveria 584. Flemingia 274, 275. Fleurya 169, pl. 32. Floscopa 123. Flueggea 323. Fockea 452. Foeniculum 410. Foetidia 386. Folotsia 612. Forcipella 510. Forficaria 151. Forgesia 235. Forrestia 123. Forskohlea 168. Forsythiopsis 506. Fourcroya 138. Fournaea 610. Fradinia 577. Fragaria 242. Franchetella 411. Franchetia 238. Francoeuria 560. Frankenia 364. Frankenia 364. FRANKENIACEAE 25, 363 Fraxinus 426. Freesia 141. Fresenia 572. Freylinia 492. Fritillaria 129. Fropiera 391. Fuchsia 398. Fugosia 353. Fuirena I1o. Fuirena 109. Fumana 365. Fumaria 212. FUMARIACEAE 212, Funtumia 435. Furcraea 138. Gabunia 439, 441. Gaertnera 524. Gaerinera 308. Gagea 125, 129. Galactia 279. ' Galactites 551. | Galaxia 140. | Galedupa 287. | Galega 268, 284. Galenia 190. Galeola 154. | Galera 155. Galilea 109. Galiniera 527. Galinsoga 580, Galium 521. | Galopina 523. Galphimia 306. Galpinia 384. Galtonia 128. Gamolepis 584. Gamopoda 203. Garcinia 362. Gardenia 526. Garuleum 564, 565. Gasteria 133. Gastonia 401. Gastridium 96. Gastridium 97. Gastrocotyle 466. Gastrodia 154. Gaudinia 90, 99. Gazania 549. Geaya 608. Geigeria 554. Geigeria 558. Geissaspis 269. Geissoloma 379. GEISSOLOMATACEAE 14, 379. Geissorhiza 142. Gelonium 318. Gendarussa 512. Geniosporum 473. Geniostoma 428. Genipa 526, 528. Genista 266. Genlisea 501. Gennaria 153. GENTIANACEAE 53, 58, 59, 429, pl. 128, Gentilia 319. Genyorchis 160. Geocaryum 406. Geopanax 401. 54 Geophila 524. | Geosiris 143. . GERANIACEAE 27, 30, 31, 32, 33, 289, pl. 68. GERANIACEAE 290, 291, 343- Geranium 290. Gerardianella 486. Gerardiina 487. Gerardiopsis 488. Gerbera 552. Germanea 474. Geropogon 545. Gerrardanthus 536. Gerrardanthus 535. Gerrardina 371. GESNERACEAE 53, 500, pl. 140. Gesnouinia 168. Gethyllis 137. Geum 242. Ghikaea 486. Gibbaria 557. Giesekia 188. Gigalobium 247. Giganthemum 258. Gigasiphon 248. Gilgia 311. Gilletiella 503. Girardinia 169. Githago 196. Givotia 317. Gladiolus 141. Glaucium 213. Gleditschia 250. Glia 413. Glinus 189. Glischrocolla 380. Globularia 502. Globularia 502. GLOBULARIACEAE 502. Gloriosa 130. Glossocalyx 208, pl. 50. Glossochilus 508. Glossolepis 337. Glossonema 447. Glossonema 447. Glossopholis 201. Glossostelma 450. Glossostephanus 451. Glumicalyx 488. Gluta 326. Glyceria 105. Glyceria 105. Glycideras 573. Glycine 275, 279, 280, 284. Glycosmis 298. 5% Eo Glycyrrhiza 268. Glyphaea 350. Gnaphalium 562. GNETACEAE 1, 71. Gnetum 72. Gnidia 381, 382. Gomphia 359. Gomphocalyx 521. Gomphocarpus 449. Gomphostigma 427. Gomphrena 183. Gonatopus II5. Gongrothamnus 568. Goniolimon 421. Gonioma 441. Gonocrypta 443. Gonospermum 577. GOODENIACEAE 66, 544. Goodyera 155. Gorteria 549. Gosela 489. Gossweilera 569. Gossypium 353. Gouania 345. Graderia 487. GRAMINEAE 2, 79, pl. 8. Grammangis 160. Grammanthes 233. Grammatophyllum 159. Grammatotheca 542. GRANATEAE 386. Grandidiera 369. Grangea 571. Grangeria 242. Grantia 560. Graptophyllum 511. Gravesia 397. Greenovia 232. Grevea 234. Grevellina 305. Grewia 349, pl. 91. Grewiella 349. Grewiopsis 349. Greyia 342. Grielum 239. Griffonia 248. Griffonia 243. Grisebachia 416. Grisollea 334. Grossera 312, 610. Grossularia 234. GROSSULARIACEAE 233. Groutia 173. Grubbia 173. GRUBBIACEAE 16, 173. Grumilea 525. INDEX. Guaduella 8g. Guaduella 89. Guarea 304, 306. Guazuma 355. Guerkea 435. Guettarda 518. Guettarda 518. Guidonia 372. Guiera 390. Guilandina 251. Guizotia 581. Gundelia 549. Gunnera 399. Gussonia 159. | Gutenbergia 569. Guthriea 376. GUTTIFERAE 9, 19, 20, 24, 25, 26, 33, 35, 38, 40, 360, pl. 99. Guya 373. Guyonia 394. | Guyonia 394. Gymnadenia 153. Gymnarrhena 555. Gymnema 452. Gymnocarpos 193. Gymnochilus 155. Gymnodiscus 566. Gymnolaema 442. Gymnopentzia 578. Gymnopogon 92. Gymnosiphon 149. Gymnosporia 330. Gymnostephium 565. Gymnothrix 81. Gynandropsis 215. Gynopogon 438. Gynura 572, 576. Gypsophila 195. Gyrocarpus 2II. | Habenaria 152. Habenaria 151, 152, 153. Hackelochloa 85. Haemanthus 136. Haematostaphis 329. Haematoxylon 25I, 254. Haemax 446. HAEMODORACEAE 4, 134. HAEMODORACEAE 124. Hagenia 241. Halimium 365. Halimus 189. Hallackia 153. Halleria 492. 5; 627 | Hallia 271. Halocnemum 18r, | Halodule 74. | Halogeton 180, Halogeton 180. | Halopegia 149. _Halopeplis 180. | Halophila 77. Halopyrum 103. HALORRHAGACEAE 17, 43, 46, 399, pl. 117. | HALORRHAGIDACEAE 324. Haloxylon 179. HAMAMELIDACEAE 12, 27, 46, 238, pl. 64. HAMAMELIDACEAE 173, 236. Hamilcoa 610. Hammatolobium 262. Hannoa 300. Haplocarpha 548. Haplocoelum 337. Haplodypsis 114. | Haplophloga 114. | Haplophyllum 295. | Hardwickia 252. Hariota 379. Harmsia 357. Haronga 361. Harpachne 102. Harpagophytum 499. Harpagophytum 498. Harpanema 443. | Harpechloa 92. 16, | Harpephyllum 329. | Harpullia 341. | Harrisonia 299. Hartogia 331. Harungana 361, Harveya 485. | Haselhoffia 506. Hasskarlia 316. Haworthia 122. Haworthia 133. | Haya 193. Haynaldia go. ' Hebenstreitia 489. Heberdenia 418. Heckeldora 304. | Heckeria 161. | Hedera 400. ' Hedychium 146. Hedyotis 533. Hedypnois 547. | Hedysarum 285. 628 Heeria 327. Heinekenia 260. Heinsenia 517. Heinsia 529. Heisteria 174. Hekistocarpa 532. Heleocharis 109. Heleochloa 95. Helianthemum 365. Helianthemum 365. Helianthus 583. Helichrysum 553, 556, 563. Heliconia 145. Helicophyllum 607. Helictonema 332. Helinus 345. Heliophila 220, pl. 53. Heliotropium 463. Helipterum 553, 562. Helleborine 154. Helminthia 546. Helminthocarpum 260. Helophy:um 232. Helosciadium 413. Hemandradenia 244. Hemarthria 85. Hemerocallis 134. Hemicarex 107. Hemicarpha 108. Hemichlaena 109. Hemicrambe 221. Hemigraphis 506. Hemimeris 490. Hemiperis 152. Hemizygia 473. Hemprichia 301. Henonia 186. Henophyton 222. Henricia 574. Heptacyclum 201. Heptapleurum 400. Heracleum 408. Hervacleum 408. Herderia 569. Heritiera 354. Hermannia 356. Hermas 402. Hermbstaedtia 186. Herminiera 269. Herminium 153. Hermodactylus 144. Hernandia 211. HERNANDIACEAE 15, 43, Zit. Herniaria 193. Herpestis 494. INDEX Herschelia 151. Hertia 568. Herya 331. Hesperantha 143. Hessea 136. Hetaeria 155. Heterachaena 547. Heteractis 565. Heteradelphia 506. Heteranthera 123. Heteranthoecia 607. Heterochaenia 544. Hetevochloa 87. Heteroderis 546. Heterolepis 561. Heteromma 572. Heteromorpha 411. Helerophragma 496. Heteropogon 87. Heteropteris 307. Heteropyxis 391. | Heterosicyos 539. Heurnia 455. Heurniopsis 454. Hevea 314. Hewittia 460. Hexaglottis 144. Hexalobus 205. Hexastemon 416. Heywoodia 319. Hibbertia 358. Hibiscus 352. Hieracium 547. Hiernia 486. Hierochloé 94, 99. Hildebrandtia 459. Hilleria 187. Himantochilus 514. Himantoglossum 152. Hinterhubera 219. Hippeastrum 136, 138. | Hippia 566. | Hippion 432. ı Hippobromus 341. Hippobromus 342. | Hippocratea 332. HIPPOCRATEACEAE 36, 332; pl, 83. Hippocrepis 260. Hippomarathrum 407. Hiptage 308. Hirpicium 549. Hirschfeldia 221. Hirtella 243. Hitzeria 301. Hochstetleria 553. 30; Hoehnelia 569. Hoffmannseggia 250. Hohenackeria 411, Holalafia 435. Holarrhena 441. Holcus 99. Holmskioldia 470. Holmskioldia 479. Holocarpa 518. Holosteum 194. Holothrix 153. | Holstia 312, 610. Holubia 499. Homalium 371. Homalocenchrus 80. Homeria 144. Homochaete 560. Homochroma 566. Homocnemia 200. Homopogon 87. Honckenya 350. Hoodia 454. Hoplestigma 424. HOPLESTIGMATACEAE 54, 424- Hoplophyllum 570. Hordeum ot. Hornea 341. Hornungia 219. Hoslundia 474. Hounea 370. Hua 355. Huernia 455. Huerniopsis 454. Hufelandia 210. Hugonia 292, pl. 70. Humbertia 460. Humblotia 323. / Humea 612. | Humiria 292. HUMIRIACEAE 29, 292. | Humulus 166. Hunnemannia 212. Hunteria 438. Hura 317. Hussonia 222. Hutchinsia 219, 220, 228, Huttonaea 153. Hyacinthus 128. Hyaenanche 321. Hyalocalyx 374- Hyalocystis 460. Hybanthus 367. Hybophrynium 148. Hydnora 177. HYDNORACEAE 16, 177. a Ee eee w. ne LS an Hydrangea 234. Hydranthelium 494. Hydrilla 77. HYDROCARYACEAE 397. Hydrocharis 78. HYDROCHARITACEAE 5, 65775 Pl»7- Hydrocotyle 402. Hydrocotyle 402. Hydrolea 462. Hydropeltis 197. Hydrophylax 521. HYDROPHYLLACEAE 50, 462. Hydrosme 117, 607. HYDROSTACHYACEAE 7, 231, pl. 58. Hydrostachys 232, pl. 58. Hydrotriche 493. Hygrocharis 458. Hygrophila 504. Hygrophila 504. Hylodendron 254. Hymenaea 256. Hymenocallis 136. Hymenocardia 322. Hymenocarpos 260. Hymenocnemis 524. Hymenodictyon 531. Hymenolepis 577. Hymenostegia 253. Hyobanche 484. Hyophorbe 113. Hyoscvamus 482. Hyoseris 547. Hypaelyptum 108. Hypecoum 212. Hyperaspis 472. HYPERICINEAE 360. Hypericophyllum 584. Hypericum 361, 363. Hyperstelis 189. Hyphaene 111. Hypobathrum 528. Hypocalyptus 267, 274. Hypochoeris 545. Hypodaphnis 210. Hypodematium 522. Hypodiscus. 120. Hypoestes 511. Hypolaena 120. Hypolytrum 108. HYPOXIDEAE 135. Hypoxis 139. Hyptis 474. Hyssopus 479. INDEX Ianthe 139. Iatrorrhiza 200. | Iberis 226. Iboga 436. | Iboza 612. | Icacina 334. | ICACINACEAE 11, 21, 51, 333, pl. 84. | Icacorea 418. | Icomum 474- | Idaneum 433. | Ifloga 555. Ignatia 429. Ilex 329. ILICINEAE 329. ILLECEBRACEAE 102. Illecebrum 193. Illigera 211. Ilysanthes 493. Imbricaria 421. Imhofia 137. Impatiens 343, pl. 87. Imperata 83 Imperatoria 409. | Indigofera 270, 272, 275, 278, 280, 282, 285, 28 | Indigofera 262. | Indokingia 401. Intsia 255. Inisia 255. | Inula 560. Tocaste 580. Iodes 333. Ionidium 367. | Ionopsidium 228. | Iphigenia 128. Iphiona 560. Iphiona 560. Ipomoea 462. | Ipomoea 461, 462. Iresine 183. | IRIDACEAE 5, Iris 145. ı Irvingella 609. | Irvingia 301, pl. 74. | Irvingia 301. |Isachne 82, 92%. | Isatis 222, 226. Ischaenıum 86. | Ischnolepis 444. Ischnurus 89. | Iseilema 87. Ismelia 565. Isnardia 398. Isoberlinia 608. Isochoriste 510. TAO; Diese 629 Isoglossa 513. Isolepis 110. Isolobus 542. Isolona 204. Isonema 433. Isothylax 231. Isotoma 542. Ixanthus 430. | Ixia 142. Ixianthes 491. | Ixora 520. Jacaratia 377. Jacquemontia 461, pl. 131. Jaeggia 376. Jagera 340. Jambosa 392. Jamesbrittenia 493. | Jardinea 85. | Jasione 543. JASMINEAE 425. Jasminum 426. Jasonia 560. Jatropha 316. | Jatrorrhiza 200. | Jaumea 584. Jaundea 244. Jollydora 243. ; JUGLANDACEAE 15, 162. Juglans 162. JUNCAGEAE 3, 124, pl: 1% ı JUNCAGINACEAE 75. 43, | Juncago 75. Juncellus 109. Juncus 124. ' Juniperus 71. Junodia 319, 608, 61T. Jurinea 552. Jussieua 398, pl. 116. Justenia 529. | Justicia 512, pl. 142. Justicia 512, 513. | Kaempfera 146. Kalaharia 470. Kalanchoé 233, pl. 59. Kalanchoe 233. Kalbfussia 546. | Kalidium 180. , Kaliphora 414. Kanahia 450. Karlea 343. Katafa 609. Kedrostis 538. ‚ Keitia 144. 630 Kelleronia 294. Kentrophyllum 550. Kentrosphaera 186, Keramanthus 376. Keraudrenia 355. Kernera 227. Kerneria 581. Kerstingia 517. Kerstingiella 279. Khaya 303. Kibera 224. Kickxia 435. Kigelia 497, pl. 137. Kigelianthe 496. Kigelkeia 497. Kiggelaria 369. Kirkia 300. Kıssenia 377. Kitchinzia 233. Klaineanthus 611. Klainedoxa 301. Klattia 143. “ Kleinhofia 356. Kleinia 576. Knautia 535. Kniphofia 133. Knowltonia 198. Kochia 182. Kochia 182. Koeleria 97, 103, 104. Koelpinia 548. Kolobopetalum 201, 202. Kompitsia 443. Koniga 219. Korthalsella 175. Kosteletzkya 352. Kotschya 269. Kralikia go. Kralikiella 90. Kraussia 527. Krebsia 449. Kremeria 224. Krubera 408. Kundmannia 411. Kyllinga 109, pl. 9. LABIATAE 660, pl. 134. Lablab 278. Labourdonnesia 421. Labramia 421. Laccodiscus 340. Laccosperma 112. Lachanodes 576. Lachenalia 127. Lachnaea 382, pl. 109. 63, 479, INDEX Lachnocapsa 218. Lachnospermum 553, 563. Lachnostylis 320. Lactuca 546. Lafuentea 488. Lagarinthus 451. Lagarosiphon 78. Lagenaria 539. Lagenias 430. Lagenocarpus 416. Lagenophora 565. Laggera 568. Lagoecia 403. Lagoseris 546. Lagunaea 352. Laguncularia 389. Lagurus 96. Lamarckia 95. Lamellisepalum 343. Lamium 478. Lamprocaulos 120. Lamprothamnus 517. Lampsana 548. Lanaria 139. Landolphia 436. Landolphia 436. Landtia 548. Lankesteria 505. Lannea 329, pl. 81. Lanneoma 329. Lantana 468. Lapeyrousia 141, pl. 22. Lapiedra 137. Laportea 169. Lappa 551. Lappula 466. Lapsana 548. Lasianthera 335. Lasianthus 524. Lasiochloa 104. Lasiochloa 103. Lasiocladus 511. Lasiocoma 564. Lasiocorys 478. Lasiodiscus 345. Lasiopogon 562. Lasiosiphon 381. Lasiospermum 577. Lasiostelma 457. Lasiostelma 457. Latania III. Lathriogyne 263. Lathyrus 259, 261, 269, 271} 273, 285. Latipes 84. Launaea 547. LAURACEAE Io, 15, 209, pl. 51. LAURACEAE 211. Laurembergia 399, pl. 117. Laurentia 542. Lauridia 331. Laurophyllus 327. Laurus 209. Lautembergia 314. Lavalleopsis 174. Lavandula 472. Lavatera 352. Lavigeria 334. Lawsonia 385. Lebeckia 264, 265. Lecaniodiscus 338. Lecanthus 169. Lecontea 523. LECYTHIDACEAE 18, 48, 49, 68, 386, pl. 111. Ledermanniella 231. Leea 346. Leersia 80. Lefeburia 409. Legendrea 461. LEGUMINOSAE 11, 18, 19 20, 21, 23, 52, 245, pl. 67. Leidesia 315. Leiocarpodicraea 231. Leiochilus 520. Leioclusia 363. Leiophaca 612. Leioptyx 303. Leiothylax 231. Leiphaimos 429. Lemna 119. Lemna 119. LEMNACEAE 2, IIo. Lemurorchis 159, 607. Lens 269, 285. LENTIBULARIACEAE 52, 501, pl. 141. Leocus 475. Leonotis 477. Leontice 199. Leontodon 546. Leontodon 547. Leontonyx 563. Leonurus 478. Lepervenchea 158. Lepidagathis 508. Lepidium 226. Lepidobotrys 292. Lepidopironia 92. Lepidostephium 579. Lepidoturus 314. a Lepigonum 194. Lepironia 107. Lepistemon 461. Lepistemonopsis 461. Leptactinia 527, 529. Leptadenia 456. Leptaleum 217. Leptaspis 80. Leptaulus 335. Lepterica 416. Leptocarpus 120. Leptocarydium 93. Leptochlaena 347, pl. 90. Leptochloa 92, 93. Leptochloa 93. Leptocodon 543. Leptoderris 286, 609. Leptodesmia 272, 278. Leptolaena 347. Leptonemea 324. Leptonychia 356. Leptopaetia 443. Leptothamnus 571. Lepturella 607. Lepturus 90. Lerchia 179. Lereschia 412. Lessertia 285, 287. Lestibudesia 186. Leucadendron 171. Leucadendron 171. Leucaena 245. Leucanthemum 566. ‘Leucas 478. Leucobarleria 507. Leucoium 137. Leucomphalus 257. Leucophae 477. Leucophrys 82. Leucosalpa 487. Leucosidea 240. Leucospermum 171, pl. 33. ‘Leucosphaera 185. Leurocline 464. Leuzea 550. Leycesteria 533. Leyssera 555, 561. Libanotis 410. Lichtensteinia 411. Lichtensteinia 413. Lidbeckia 580. Liebrechtsia 278. Lifago 612. Lightfootia 544, pl. 149. Ligusticum 409. Ligustrum 426. INDEX LILIACEAE 4, 125, pl. 18, Lilium 129. Limacia 201. Limaciopsis 203. Limeum 188. Limnanthemum 429. Limnophila 494. Limnophyton 76, pl. 6. Limodorum 154. Limonia 298. Limoniastrum 420, Limonium 421. Limosella 494. LINACEAE 28, 29, 31, 32, 34, 291, pl. 70. LINACEAE 292. Linaria 490. Linaria 490, 491. Linariopsis 498. Linconia 237. Lindackeria 369. Lindauea 508. Lindenbergia 494. Lindernia 494. Lingelsheimia 323. Linnaeopsis 501. Linociera 426. Linosyris 567. Lintonia 607. Linum 291. Linum 291. Liparia 263, 271. Liparis 156. Liparis 156. Lipocarpha 108. Lipotriche 583. Lippia 468. Liraya 502. Lissochilus 157. Listia 265. Listrostachys 159, pl. 26. Litanthus 127. Litchi 338. Lithospermum 465. Litogyne 558. Litorella 516. Litsea 210. Littonia 130. Lloydia 129. LOASACEAE 46, 48, 377: Lobelia 542. Lobelia 542. LOBELIACEAE 541. Lobostemon 464. Lobostemon 464. Lobostephanus 450. Lobularia 219. Lochia 193. Lochnera 440. Loddigesia 267, 274. Lodoicea ır1. Loeflingia 194. Loesenera 253. Loewia 374. 631 LOGANIACEAE 53, 56, 57, 58, 62, 427, pl. 127. Logfia 556. Lolium go, Lomatophyllum 133. Lonas 577. Lonchocarpus 280, 287. Lonchophora 216. Lonchostoma 237. Lonicera 533. Lophacme 102. Lophiocarpus 76, 188. Lophira 359. Lopholaena 575. Lophospermum 493. Lophostephus 457. Lophostylis 308. Lophotocarpus 76. Lopriorea 608. LORANTHACEAE 15, 43, 64, 175, pl. 34. Loranthus 175, pl. 34. Lortia 310. Lotea 260. Lotononis 264, 265. Lotononis 609. Lotus 260. Lotus 260. Lovoa 303. Loxostylis 327. Lubinia 419. Ludia 373. Ludovicia 262. Ludwigia 398. Luffa 541. Lugoa 577- Lumnitzera 389. Lupinus 266. Lupsia 551. Luteola 229. Luzula 124. Lyallia 193. Lychnis 196. Lychnodiscus 339. Lycium 482. Lycopersicum 433. Lycopus 480. Lygeum 79, 98. 16, 632 Lyperia 493. Lysimachia 419. Lytanthus 502. LYTHRACEAE 11, 14, 22, 36, 37, 39, 383, pl. 110. LYTHRACEAE 380, 385, 386. Lythrum 384. Maba 424, pl. 125. Macaranga 312, 316. Macarisia 388. Machadoa 375. Mackaya 509. Mackenia 451. Maclura 165. Macnabia 417. Macowania 556. Macphersonia 340. Macrocalyx 352. Macrochaetium 107. Macrochloa 95. Macrolobium 253, 255, 256. Macrolotus 264. Macropelma 442. Macropetalum 453. Macroplectrum 158. Macroplectrum 159. Macropodandra 324. Macrorhamnus 344. Macrorungia 513, 514. Macrosphyra 526. Macrostylis 297. Maerua 214. Maesa 418, pl. 121. Maesobotrya 322, 611. Maesobotrya 322. Maesopsis 343, 344. Maesosphaerum 474. Mafekingia 443. Magnistipula 243. Magydaris 407. Mahernia 356. Mahya 475. Maillardia 165. Mairia 566, 573. Mayidea 341. Majorana 480. Makokoa 381. Malabaila 408. Malacantha 422. Malache 351. Malachra 351. Malcolmia 217. Malcolmia 217. Mallotus 315. INDEX Malope 351. Malouetia 433. MALPIGHIACEAE 27, 28, 20, 306, pl. 77. Maltebrunia 80. Malus 240. Malva 351. MALVACEAE 26, 29, 33, 34, 38, 40, 60, 62, 63, 350, pl. 92. MALVACEAE 353. Malvastrum 351. Mamboga 530. Mammea 362. Mandragora 482. Mangifera 326. Mangifera 326. Manihot 318. Manisuris 85. Mannia 300. Mannia 609. Manniella 155. Manniophyton 311, 609. Manotes 244. Manotes 608. Manulea 493. Mapania 107. Mappa 312. Maprounea 317. Maranta 148. MARANTACEAE 5, pl.25. Marantochloa 149. Marasmodes 579. Marcellia 185. Marcellia 185, 186. Maresia 217. Mareya 313. Margaretta 450. Margotia 404. Marica 144. Marignia 302. Mariscus 109. Markhamia 496. Marlea 389. Marlothia 345. Marlothiella 612. Marquesia 371. Marrubium 477. Marsdenia 454. Marsdenia 453. Marsea 572. Martretia 318. Martynia 500. MARTYNIACEAE 53, 500, Mascarenhasia 435. 148, Maschalocephalus 121. Massonia 126. Mathurina 373. Matricaria 578, 580. Matthiola 216. Mattia 467. Mauloutchia 207. Maurandia 493. Maurocenia 331. Maximilianea 366. Mayaca 120. MAYACACEAE 4, 120. Mayepea 426. Mechowia 184. Mecomischus 577. Medemia 111. Medicago 283. Medinilla 396. Medusagyne 360. Megabaria 320. Megalochlamys 814. Megalopus 524. Megastoma 466. Meibomia 271. Meiocarpidium 206. Melandryum 196. Melanocenchris 92. Melanodendron 574. Melanodiscus 337. Melanoloma 550. Melanophylla 414. Melanoselinum 404. Melanosinapis 221. Melanosticta 250. Melanthera 583. Melanthesiopsis 324. Melasma 486. Melasphaerula 142. Melastoma 394. MELASTOMATACEAE, 37, 44, 48, 392, pl. 115. MELASTOMATACEAE 380. Melhania 357. Melia 305. Melia 304. MELIACEAE 24, 26, 29, 31; 32, 36, 54, 61, 302, pl. 76. MELIANTHACEAE 26, 35, 37, 342, pl. 86. Melianthus 342. Melica 97, 103. Melicocca 342. Melicope 296. Melilotus 283. Melinis 82. Melissa 479. Melissea 483. Melittacanthus 513. Mellera 504. Melocanna 88. Melochia 356. Melolobium 264. Melothria 537. Memecylon 393. Menabea 451. Mendoncia 502. Meniocus 218. MENISPERMACEAE 14, 19, 41, 50, 199, pl. 47. Menodora 425. Mentha 480. Merciera 543. Mercurialis 315. Merendera 125. Meriandra 475. Meridiana 549. Meringurus 90. Merremia 461. Merremia 461. Mesanthemum 121. pl. 15. MESEMBRIACEAE 188. Mesembrianthemum. 190. Mesogramma 576. Mesogyne 165. Mespilodaphne 210. Mespilus 240. Messerchmiedia 463. Metalasia 563. Methyscophyllum 330. Metrosideros 391. Metroxylon 111. Metzleria 542. Meum 409. Mezierea 378. Mezoneurum 251. Mibora 94. Micractis 582. Micranthus 141. Micranthus 505. Micrargeria 486. Micraster 457. Microbambus 89. Microcala 431. Microcalamus 88. . Microcharis 271. Microchloa 91. Micrococca 315. Microcodon 542. Microderis 546. Microdesmis 317. Microdon 489. INDEX Microdracoides 106, Microglossa 571. Microlecane 581, Microloma 445. Microlonchus 550. Micromeria 479. Micronychia 327. Micropus 555. Microrhynchus 547. Microsteira 307. Microstephanus 446. Microstephium 548. Microstylis 156. Microtea 188, Microtrichia 571. Miersiophyton 202. Mikania 571. Mildbraedia 317. Mildbraedia 610. Mildbraediodendron 608. Milium 95. Milla 125. Millettia 287, 288, 280. Millina 546. Mimetes 171. Mimosa 245. MIMOSACEAE 245. Mimulopsis 506. Mimulus 494. Mimusops 421, pl. 124. Minuartia 195. Minurothamnus 560. Mirabilis 187. Mitolepis 444. Mitracarpus 522. Mitragyne 530. Mitratheca 533. Mitriostigma 528. Mniothamnea 237. Mocquerysia 370. Modecca 376. Modiola 352. Moehringia 195. Moenchia 195. Moghania 274. Mohlana 187. Molinaea 340. Molinera 98. Molinia 103. Mollera 559. Mollinedia 209. Mollugo 189. Moluccella 478. Momordica 537, 540, pl. 178. Monachochlamys 503. Monachyron 82. 633 Monadenia 151. Monadenium 310, Monadenium 310. Monanthes 232. Monanthotaxis 205. Monarrhenus 557, 559. Monechma 512. Monelytrum 84. Monenteles 555. Monerma 8g. Monetia 332. Moniera 494. Monimia 209, MONIMIACEAE 10, 14, 208, pl. 50. Monixus 158. Monizia 404. Monochilus 155. Monochoria 124. Monodora 203, Monodora 204. Monopetalanthus 252. Monoporus 418. Monopsis 542. Monoptera 566. Monotes 363. | Monothecium 511. Monotris 153. Monsonia 290, pl. 68. Monsonia 290. Montbretia 142. Montia 191. Montinia 234. MORACEAE 7, 8, 10, 15, 164, DL.3E Moraea 144. Morelia 529. Morettia 217. Moricandia 22I, 222, Morinda 520. Moringa 229. MORINGACAE 23, 229. Morphixia 142. Morus 166, Moschosma 473. Moschosma 612. Mostuea 428. Mostuea 428. Motandra 435. Msuata 569. Mucizonia 233. Mucuna 268. Mukia 537. Mundia 309. Mundtia 309. Mundulea 261. 223. 634 Muraltia 308, Muricaria 224. Murraya 299. Musa 145. MUSACEAE 6, 145, pl. 23. Musanga 166, Muscari 127. Mussaenda 530, 532. Musschia 542. Myagrum 225. Myaris 299. Myconia 566. Myonima 520. MYOPORACEAE 56, 57, 60, 515. Myoporum 515. Myosotis 465. Myosurandra 236. Myosurus 198. Myrianthemum 396. Myrianthus 166. Myrica 162, pl. 29. MYRICACEAE 7, 8, 162, pl 20: Myricaria 364. Myriogyne 579. Myriophyllum 399. Myristica 207. Myristica 208. MYRISTICACEAE 10, 206, pl. 49. Myrosma 148. MYROTHAMNACEAE 3, 236. Myrothamnus 236. MYRSINACEAE 22, 52, 65, AR, DL 127. Myrsine 418. Myrsine 418. Myrsiphyllum 129. Myrstiphyllum 525. MYRTACEAE 36, 37, 46, 48, 49, 68, 391, pl. 114. MYRTACEAE 386. Myrtus 392. Mystacidium 159. Mystacidium 159. Mystropetalon 176. Mystroxylon 331. Nageia 70. NAIADACEAE 2, 3, 75. NAIADACEAE 73, 75. Naias 75. Nanolirion 131. Nanostelma 448. INDEX Napoleona 386. Narcissus 136. Nardurus 93. Nardus 89. Naregamia 304. Nasturtiopsis 224. Nasturtium 223, 227. Nastus 89. Natalia 342. Nathusia 426. Nauclea 525. Nauclea 530. Navaea 352. Nazia 84. Nebelia 608. Necepsia 314. Nectaropetalum 292. Nectaropetalum 300. N egria 607. Nelanaregam 304. Nelsia 608. Nelsonia 503. Nematostylis 516. Nemesia 491. Nemia 493. Nenax 522. Neobaronia 270. Neobenthamia 156. Neobolusia 153. Neoboutonia 314. Neocentema 608. Nevchevaliera 320, 611. Neodregea 607. Neodypsis 114. Neogoetzea 319. Neojatropha 316. Neoluederitzia 294. Neomanniophyton 610. Neomuellera 475. Neophloga 114. Neopycnocoma 315. Neorautanenia 279. Neoschimpera 523. Neoschumannia 456. Neotinea 152. NEPENTHACEAE 13, 229. Nepenthes 230. Nepeta 476. Nephelium 338. Nephelium 338, 339. Nephrophyllum 458. Nephrosperma 113. Nephthytis 117. Neptunia 246. Neıine 137. Nerium 434. Nerophila 394. Nertera 522. Nervilia 155. Nesaea 385, pl. IIO. Nesiota 345. Neslia 218. Nesodaphne 210. | Nesogenes 469. Nesogordonia 360. Nestlera 561. Neumannia 373. Neuracanthus 507. Neurada 239. Neurocarpaea 532. Neuropeltis 459. Neurotheca 431. Newbouldia 496. Newtonia 246. Newtonia 568. ] . Neyraudia 101. Nicandra 481. Nicodemia 428. Nicolata 147. Nicolasia 559. Nicoteba 513. Nicotiana 482. Nidorella 572. Niebuhria 214. Niedenzua 313. Nigella 1099. Nirarathamnus 411. Nitraria 293. -Nivenia 143. | Nivenia 171. Noaea 180. Nolletia 571. Noltia 344. Nomaphila 504. Nonnea 465. Nopalea 379. Normania 483. Noronhia 429. Northea 421. Notelaea 426. Nothosaerua 184. Nothoscordum 125. Nothospondias 326. Notobasis 551. Notobuxus 324. Notobuxus 611. Notoceras 216, Notonia 576. Notosceptrum 132. Nucularia 180, Nuphar 197. Nuxia 427, pl. 127- es ae ” ee rn NYCTAGINACEAE og, 1o,| 50, 186, pl. 42. Nymania 305. Nymphaea 197. Nymphaea 197. NYMPHAEACEAE 14, 38, 39, 40, 49, 197 ‘Oberonia 156. Obetia 169. Obione 181. Ochna 359, pl. 97. OCHNACEAE 22, 24, 28, 40, 359, pl. 97. Ochocoa 207. Ochradenus 229. Ochrocarpus 362. Ochronerium 435. Ochrosia. 437. Ochthocosmus 292. Ochthodium 226. Ocimum 473. Ocimum 472, 473. Ocotea 210, pl. 51. ‘Ocotea 210. ‘Octodon 522. Octoknema 175. OCTOKNEMATACEAE 16, E75. Octolepis 381. Octolobus 354. Odina 329 Odontelytrum 81 Odontites 484. Odontospermum 554. Odyendea 300. Oedera 577. Oenanthe 410. Oenothera 399. Oenvthera 398, 399. OENOTHERACEAE 18, 45, 46, 48, 397, pl. 116. Oeonia 159. . Oftia 515. OEACACHAE IT, 2I, 22, 20, 44, 47, 52, 66, 173, pl. 37. OLACACEAE 173, 175, 333, oy) Olax 174, pl. 37. Oldenburgia 553. Oldenlandia 533. Oldenlandia 533. Oldfieldia 321. Olea 427. OLEACEAE 8, 13, 30, 55, 56, 58, 425, pl. 126. INDEX Oligocarpus 557, 563. Oligodora 578. Oligogynium 117. Oligomeris 229, pl. 55. Oligostemon 251. Oligothrix 575. Olinia 380. OLINIACEAE 47, 380. Olyra 80. Ommatodium 150. Omphalea 317. Omphalocarpum 423. Omphalodes 466. Omphalogonus 444. Omphalopappus 569, 583. Onagra 399. ONAGRACEAE 397. Oncinema 451. Oncinotis 434. Oncoba 369. Oncoba 369. Oncocalamus 112. Oncostemma 452. Oncostemon 418. Ondetia 554. Ongokea 174. Onobrychis 285. Ononis 259, 266, 268, 271, 281. Onopordon 551. Onosma 465. Operculina 461. Ophiobotrys 372. Ophiocaulon 376. Ophiurus 85. Ophrys 152. Opilia 173, pl. 36. OPILIACEAE 20, 173, pl. 36. Oplismenus 82. Opuntia 379. Opuntia 379. ORCHIDACEAE 5, pl. 26. Orchipeda 439. Orchis 152. Orchis 152. Oreacanthus 5II. Oreobambus 89. Oreobliton 182. Oreodaphne 210. Oreograstis I09. Oreosyce 536. Orestia 156. Orfilea 314. Oricia 298. Origanum 480. 150, 635 Origanum 480. Orlaya 404. Ormenis 577. Ormocarpum 273, 281, 286. Ormosia 257. Ornithogalum 127. Ornithoglossum 128. Ornithopus 262, OROBANCHACEAE 53,500, pl. 139. Orobanche 500. Orobus 259. Oropetium 89. Orothamnus 171. Orphium 432. Ortegia 194. Orthanthera 455. Orthochilus 157. Orthogoneuron 396. Orthogynium 201. Orthopenthea 607. Orthosiphon 473 Orthosiphon 473. Orygia 189. Oryza 8o, Oryzopsis 95. Osbeckia 395. Osbeckia 394. Osmites 555. Osmitopsis 555. Osteospermum 557, 563. Osterdamia 84. Ostryocarpus 288. Ostryoderris 609. Osyridicarpus 172. Osyris 172, pl. 35. Othonna 568. Othonnopsis 568. Otiophora 523. Otocarpus 224. Otochlamys 579. Otomeria 532. Otoptera 277. Otospermum 578. Otostegia 479. Ottelia 78, pl. 7. Oubangia 358. Oudneya 222. Ouratea 359. Ouret 184. Ourouparia 525. Ouvirandra 75. OXALIDACEAE 29, 3}, 39 60, 62, 63, 290, pl. 6% Oxalis 291. Oxalis 291. 636 Oxyanthus 528. Oxygonum 178, pl. 39. Oxygyne 150. Oxymitra 204, 206. Oxystelma 446, 451. Oxystigma 252. Oxytenanthera 88. Pachira 353. Pachites 151. Pachycarpus 449. Pachylobus 302, pl. 75. Pachylobus 302. Pachypodanthium 206. Pachypodium 433. Pachyrhynchus 563. Pachyrrhizus 277. Pachystela 422. Pachystigma 518. Pachystoma 157. Pachytrophe 166. Pacourea 436. Paederia 523. Paeonia 198. Paepalanthus 121. Paepalanthus 121. Paivaeusa 321. Palaquium 423. Palisota 122. Palissya 315. Paliurus 344. Pallenis 554. PALMAE 3, 4, 110, pl. Io, II. Palmstruckia 220. Panax 401. Pancovia 337. Pancratium 136. Panda 289. PANDACEAE 27, 289. PANDANACEAE 2, Ra. Pandanus, 73, pl. 3. Pandiaka 184. Pandorea 496. Panicum 82. Panicum 82. Papaver 213. PAPAVERACEAE 24, 200, spl. 52. Papaya 377. PAPAYACEAE 377. PAPILIONACEAE 245. Pappea 338. Pappea 408. Pappophorum 96, Too. Paracaryum 467. 19, 73> 2%, INDEX Paracephaélis 525. Paracolea 497. Paradaniella 608. Paradenocline 315. Paragenipa 528. Paragophyton 518. Paranomus 171. Parapodium 447. Parapodium 447. Parasia 430. Parastranthus 542. Parasystasia 510. Parentucellia 484. Parietaria 168. Parinari 243. Parinarium 243, pl. 65. Paritium 352. Parkia 245. Parkia 247. Parkinsonia 249. Parochetus 262, 275. Parolinia 216. Paronychia 193. PARONYCHIEAE 1092. Paropsia 370. Paropsia 370. Paropsiopsis 370. Parquetina 442. Parthenium 564. Pasaccardoa 552. Paschanthus 376. Paspalum 82. Passerina 383. Passiflora 375. PASSIFLORACEAE 12, 23, 26, 374, pl. 106. : PASSIFLORACEAE 376, 377- Pastinaca 408. Pastorea 228. Pattava 418. Paullinia 336. Paulowilhelmia 504. Paulowilhelmia 506. Pauridia 135. Pauridiantha 520. Pausynistalia 531. Pavetta 520, pl. 144. Pavonia 351, pl. 92. Paxia 244. Paxiodendron 208. Payena 423. Payera 530. | Pearsonia 609. Pechuel-Loeschea 559. | Pectinaria 454. Pectinaria 159. PEDALIACEAE 51, 56, '57, 58, 61, 62, 498, pl. 138. PEDALIACEAE 500. Pedaliophytum 499. Pedalium 499. Pedalium 499. Peddiea 381. Pedicellaria 215. Pedicularis 484. Pedilanthus 310. Pedrosia 260. Peganum 294. Peglera 300. Pegolettia 552, 560. Peireskia 378. Pelargonium 290. Pelea 296. Peliostomum 489. Pelletiera 419. Peltophorum 250. Peltophorum 250. Pemphis 385. Penaea 380. PENAEACEAE pl. 108. PENAEACEAE 379. Penianthus 201, 202. Penicillaria 81. Pennisetum 31. Pentabrachium 320. Pentacarpaea 531. Pentaclethra 245. Pentadesma 362. Pentadiplandra 349. Pentagonia 481. Pentaloncha 530. Pentameris 99. Pentanisia 518. Pentanopsis 533. Pentapera 417. Pentarrhinum 448. Pentas 532. Pentaschistis 99. Pentasticha 109. Pentatrichia 560. Pentatropis 448. Penthea 151. | Pentheriella 572. Pentodon 533. | Pentopetia 445. { Pentopetia 444. F Pentopetiopsis 444. Pentzia 578. Peperomia 161. Peplidium 492. 14,379, Peplis 384. Peponia 539. Peponium 539. Perdicium 552. Pergularia 448, 453. Perianthostelma 448. Periblema 507. Perichasma 200. Perichlaena 496. Perideraea 577. Periestes 511. Periglossum 451. Perinerion 435. Peripeplus 524. Periploca 442, 443. PERIPLOCACEAE 442. Peristrophe 514. Peristylus 151. Perithrix 443. Perotis 84. Perotriche 562. Perralderia 560. Perriera 300. Persea 211. Persea 211. Persica 242. Pervillaea 453. Petalacte 556. Petalactella 556. Petalidium 505. Petalidium 505. Petalodiscus 320. Petalonema 396. Petasites 567. Petersia 387. Petrobium 564. Petrophyes 232. Petroselinum 413. Petroselinum 414. Peucedanum 409. Peucedanum 408, 409, 612. Peyrousea 578. Phaca 270. Phaenocoma 557. Phaenohoffmannia 265, 274. Phaeocephalus 584. Phaeomeria 147. Phaeoneuron 396. Phaeopappus 550. Phaeoptilon 187. Phagnalon 562, 575. 583. Phaius 157. Phalangium 132. Phalaris 94. Pharbitis 462. Pharnaceum 189. INDEX Phaseolus 277. Phaulopsis 505. Phaylopsis 505. Phelipaea 500. Phellolophium 410. Phenax 169. Phialodiscus 338. Philippia 417, pl. 120. Phillipsia 506. Phillyrea 426. Philoxerus 133. Philyrophyllum 554. Phleum 95. Phloga 114. Phlogella 114. Phlomis 478. Phoberos 371. Phoebe 211. Phoenicophorium 113. Phoenix 110. Phormium 134. Phornothamnus 396. Photinia 240. Phragmites 101. Phrynium 149. Phrynium 148. Phycagrostis 74. Phygelius 492. Phylica 345. Phyllactinia 552. Phyllanthus 323, pl. 80. Phyllarthron 497. Phyllis 523. Phyllobotryum 370. Phylloclinium 370. Phyllocomos 120. Phyllocosmus 292. Phylloctenium 497. Phyllodes 148. Phyllopodium 493. Phyllorhachis 80. Phyllosma 297. Phylloxylon 270. Phymaspermum 580. Physacanthus 506. Physalis 483. Physaloides 483. Physanthyllis 260. Physedra 539. Physena 372. Physocaulis 406. Physospermum 407. Physostigma 277. Physotrichia 410. Phytolacca 188. 637 PHYTOLACCACEAE 49, 12, 14, 187. Piaranthus 454. Picconia 426. Picnomon 551. Picralima 437. Picralima 440. Picridium 547. Picris 546. Pierreodendron 300. Pierrina 358. Pilea 169. Pilogyne 537. Pilostyles 177. Pimenta 392. Pimpinella 412. PINACEAE 1, Io, pl. 2, Pinardia 566. Pinus 71. Piper 161, pl. 27. Piper 161. PIPERACEAE 7, 161, pl. 27. Piptadenia 247. Piptatherum 95. Piptolaena 439. Piptostigma 204. Pipturus 170. Pircunia 188. Piriqueta 374. Pirus 240. Pisonia 186, pl. 42. Pisosperma 537. Pistacia 326. Pistaciopsis 337. Pistia 115. Pistorinia 233. Pisum 261, 269. Pithecolobium 248. PITTOSPORACEAE 24, 53, 235, pl. 61. Pittosporum 235, pl. 61. Pituranthos 413. Placodiscus 338. Placopoda 532. Placus 557. Pladaroxylon 576. Plagioscyphus 337. Plagiosiphon 253, 256. Plagiostyles 321, 610. Plagius 566. PLANTAGINACEAE 50, 55, 56, 58, 60, 61, 62, 515, pl. 143. Plantago 516, pl. 143 PLATANACEAE 41, 64, 238. Platanthera 153. 638 Platanthera 151, 153. Platanus 238. Platostoma 473. Platycalyx 416. Platycapnos 212, Platycarpha 549. Platycelephium 259. Platycoryne 152. Platykeleba 447. Platylepis 155. Platylophus 235. Platymitium 332. Platysepalum 288. Platytinospora 201. Plecospermum 165. Plectaneia 440. Plectranthus 474, 475, pl. 134. Plectranthus 474, 475- Plectronia 519. Pleiocarpa 438. Pleioceras 433. Pleiomeris 418. ° Pleiospora 265. Pleiostemon 323. Pleiotaxis 553. Pleuroblepharis 509. Pleurocoffea 520. Pleuropterantha 183. Pleurostelma 448. Pleurostelma 442. Pleurostylia 331. Plinthus 189. Plocama 524. Plocandra 432. Pluchea 557, 559. Pluchea 559. Plukenetia 313. Plukenetia 610. PLUMBAGINACEAE 50, 420, pl. 123. Plumbago 420. Plumeria 440. Plumiera 440. Poa 105. Poa 105. Poagrostis 97. Podalyria 257. Podandria 152. Podanthes 455. Podocarpus 70. Podococcus 113. Podogynium 253. Podonosma 465. Podorungia 510, Podospermum 545. Podostelma 446, INDEX Podostemon 231. Podostemon 231, PODOSTEMONACEAE 13, 230, pl. 57. PODOSTEMONACEAE 232 Podranea 496. Poecilostachys 94, 104. Poga 387. Poggea 369. Poggeophyton 316. Pogonarthria 93. Pogonia 155. Pogonostigma 272. Pogostemon 476. Poinciana 250. Poivrea 390. Polanisia 215, pl. 54. Polemannia 410. Polia 194. Pollia 122. Pollichia 193. Io, _Pollichia 466. Pollinia 86. Polpoda 188. Polyadoa 440. Polyalthia 206. Polycardia 330. Polycarena 492. Polycarpaea 194, pl. 45. Polycarpia 194. Polycarpon 194. Polycephalium 333. Polyceratocarpus 204. Polycline 553. Polycnemum 182. Polygala 309. POLYGALACEAE 1g, 51, 55, 59 308, pl. 78. POLYGONACEAE 8, pl. 39. Polygonum 179. Polygonum 178. Polypogon 87. Polyscias 401. Polyspatha 122. Polysphaeria 517. Polystachya 156. Polystachya 160. Polystemonanthus 256. Polyxena 127. POMACEAE 239. Pongamia 287. PONTEDERIACEAE 4, 123. PONTEDERIACEAE 124. Popowia 205. Populina 513. 28, 177, Populus 161. Porana 459. Porphyranthus 289. Porphyrostemma 559. Portulaca 190. PORTULACACEAE 18, 22, 35, 44, 52, 65, 190, pl. 44- PORTULACACEAE tot. Portulacaria 191. Posidonia 74. Poskea 463. Potameia 210. Potamogeton 74, pl. 4. POTAMOGETONACEAE 2, 73, pl. 4. Potamophila 80. Potentilla 242, Poterium 241. Poterium 241. Pothos 1135. Pouchetia 526. Poupartia 329. Pouzolzia 170. Prageluria 453. Prasium 471. Preauxia 566. Premna 470. Prenanthes 547. Preslia 480. Pretrea 499. Pretreothamnus 499. Preussiella 396. Prevostea 460. Priestleya 263, 271. Primula 420. PRIMULACEAE 22, 52, 65, 419, pl. 122. Pringlea 220. Printzia 559. Prionachne 92, 98. Prionanthium 92. Prionium 124, pl. 17, Priotropis 263. Prismatocarpus 543. Priva 469. Probletostemon 528. Prockiopsis 368. Procris 169. Prolongoa 566. Prosopis 246. Prosopostelma 447. Protarum 116. Protea 171. PROTEACEAE 9, 10, 19, 504 51, 170, pl. 33. Protium 302 Protomegabaria 611 Protorhus 328 Prunella 477. Prunus 242. Psamma 96. Psammotropha 189. Psathura 524. Psednotrichia 572. Pseudagrostistachys 610, Pseudarthria 280. Pseuderanthemum 509. Pseudobaeckea 237. Pseudobarleria 505. Pseudoblepharis 509. Pseudobromus 96. Pseudocadia 258. Pseudocalyx 503. Pseudocedrela 303. Pseudocinchona 531. Pseudogaltonia 128. Pseudohydrosme 118. Pseudolachnostylis 323. Pseudoprosopis 247. Pseudopteris 339. Pseudosopubia 486. Pseudospondias 328. Pseudotragia 315, 610. Psiadia 567. Psidium 392. Psilanthus 517. Psilostachys 184. Psilotrichum 184. Psiloxylon 391. Psilurus go. Psophocarpus 272, 276. Psoralea 262, 263, 265, 268, 272, 274, 275, 281, 282, 288. Psorospermum 361. Psychine 227. Psychotria 525. Psychotria 525. PTAEROX YLEAE 302. Ptaeroxylon 302. Pteleopsis 390. Ptelidium 331. Pteranthus 192. Pterocarpus 273, 286, 289. Pterocaulon 555. Pterocelastrus 330. Pterocephalus 535. Pterodiscus 499. Pteroglossaspis 157. Pterolobium 250. Pteronia 572. Pieropetalum 214. INDEX Pterorhachis 304. Pierota 296. Pterotaberna 439. Pterotheca 546. Pterothrix 562. Pterygocarpus 454. Pterygodium 150. Pterygota 354. Ptilotrichum 219. Ptychopetalum 174. Ptychotis 414. Ptychotis 413. Puelia 88. Pueraria 276. Pulicaria 560. Punica 386. PUNICACEAE 49, 386. Pupalia 185. Pusaetha 247. Putoria 523. Putterlickia 330. Pycnanthus 208, pl. 49. Pycnobotrya 434. Pycnocoma 313. Pycnocomon 534. Pycnocycla 405. Pycnoneurum 449. Pycnosphaera 431. Pycnostachys 474. Pycnostylis 202. Pycreus 109. Pygeum 242. Pynaertia 303, 609, 611. Pyramidocarpus 368. Pyrenacantha 333. Pyrethrum 566. Pyrostria 519. Pyrus 239, 240. Quamoclit 462. Quartinia 384. Quassia 300. Quassia 300. Quercus 163. Queria 194. Quisqualis 390. Quivisia 305. Quivisianthe 305. Radamaea 487. Radinccion 158. Radiola 291. Radlkofera 337. Raffenaldia 222. 639 Rafnia 264. Raimannia 611. Rameya 202. Randia 528. Randia 529. | Randonia 229. RANUNCULACEAE 14, 23, 40, 4I, 42, 197, pl. 46. Ranunculus 198, Rapanea 418. RAPATEACEAE 4, 121. Raphanistrocarpus 540. Raphanocarpus 540. Raphanopsis 178. Raphanus 222. | Raphia 111, pl. ro, rr. Raphiacme 443, 444. Raphidiocystis 538. Raphidophora 115. Raphionacme 443. Raphispermum 487. Rapistrella 224. Rapistrum 224. Rapistrum 221. Rapona 458. Raspalia 237, pl. 63. Ratonia 340. Rautanenia 76. | Rauwolfia 438. Ravenala 145. Ravenea II4. Ravensara 209. Rawsonia 368. Reaumuria 364. | Reboudia 221. Reichardia 547. Reinwardtia 291. Relhania 555. Remirea 108. Remusatia 116. Renealmia 147. Renschia 478. Requienia 272. Reseda 229. RESEDACEAE If, 25, 4I, 42, 228, pl. 55. Restio 120, pl. 13. RESTIONACEAE 3, 119, pl. 13. Retama 266. Retzia 428. | Reutera 412. Rhabdia 463. / Rhabdostigma 517. RAFFLESIACEAE 16, 17,| Rhabdotheca 547. 44, 177- | Rhadamanthus 128. 640 Rhagadiolus 548. 27, 45, 343, pl. 88. RHAMNACEAE 380. Rhamnus 344. Rhamphicarpa 485. Rhanterium 554. Rhaphanistrocarpus 540. Rhaphanocarpus 540. Rhaphanus 222, 224. Rhaphidanthe 424. Rhaphidiocystis 538. Rhaphidorhynchus 158. Rhaphidospora 513. Rhaphiostyles 334. Rhaphispermum 487. Rhaponticum 550. Rhaptonema 203. Rhaptopetalum 358, pl. 95. RH APT OPETALACEAE 357: Rheedia 362. Rhektophyllum 117. Rhetinolepis 577. Rhigiocarya 202. Rhigiophyllum 543. Rhigozum 495. Rhinacanthus 514. Rhinopteryx 306. Rhipsalis 379. Rhizophora 388. RHIZOPHORACEAE 32, 33 44, 45, 47, 387, pl. 112. Rhodochlaena 348. Rhodoclada 360. Rhodocodon 127. Rhodocolea 497. Rhodolaena 348. Rhodorrhiza 460. Rhodosepala 394. Rhoeo 123. Rhoicissus 346. Rhotocarpus 172. Rhombonema 447. Rhopalocarpus 372. Rhopalopilia 173. Rhus 327. Rhyacophila 384. Rhynchelytrum 82. Rhynchocalyx 385. Rhynchocarpa 538. Rhynchosia 272, 279, 282. Rhynchosia 278. Rhynchospora 108, Rhynchostigma 453. Rhynchotropis 262, 272. INDEX | Rhynea 556. RHAMNACEAE 12, 17, 18,| Rhyssolobium 452. | Richardia 117, 521. | Richardsonia 521. | Ricinodendron 317. | Ricinus 313. | Ricotia 226, 227. | Ridolfia 413. Rhytachne 85. Rhyticarpus 414. Rhytidachne 85. Rhytiglossa 512. Ribes 234. Rindera 467. Rinorea 367, pl. 103. Riocreuxia 456. | Ritchiea 215. Rivea 461. Rivea 461. Rivina 187. Robbairea 194. Robinia 268 237. Rochea 233. Rochelia 464. Rochonia 573. Roella 543. Roemeria 213. Roeperocharis I5I. Roettlera 501. Rogeria 499. Romulea 141. Ropalandria 200. Ropalocarpus 372. Roridula 359. Roripa 223. Rosa 240. ROSACEAE 9, Io, 14, 18, 20, 21, 27, 41, 42, 44, 45, 46, 48, 49, 239, pl. 65. Roscheria 113. Rosenia 555. Rosmarinus 471. Rotala 384. Rotantha 385. Rothia 274. Rottboellia 85. Rotiboellia 85. Roubieva 182. Roupellia 434. Rourea 244. Rourea 244. Roureopsis 608. Roussea 234. Rousseauxia 397. Royena 424. Rubia 521. Se es ee nn nn nn U RUBIACEAE 17, 54, 65, 66, 67, 516, pl. 144. Rubus 242. Ruckeria 567, 574- Ruelingia 356. Ruellia 507. Ruelliola, 506, Ruelliopsis, 507. Ruizia 357. Rumex 178. Rungia 513. Ruppia 74. Ruscus 130. Ruspolia 509. Russelia 492. Ruta 295. RUTACEAE 11, 21, 28, 30, 31, 32, 34, 37, 38, 40, 42, 295, pl. 73. RUTACEAE 299. Ruthea 413. Rutidea 519. Ruttya 511. Ruttya 506. Rynchospora 108. Rytidocarpus 224. Rytilix 607. Sabicea 530. Sabina 71. Saccharum 86. Saccıdium 153. Sacciolepis 82. Saccocalyx 479. Saccoglottis 292. Saccolabium 158. Saccolabium 158. Sacleuxia 442. Sageretia 344. Sagina 195. Sugittaria 76. Sagus III. Saintpaulia 501. Sakersia 395. Salacia 332, pl. 33. Salaxis 416. Saldania 609. Saldinia 524. SALICACEAE 7, 161, pl. 28. | Salicornia 181. Salix 161, pl. 28. Salsola 170. SALSOLACEAE 179. Salvadora 332. SALVADORACEAE 18, 30, 50, 332. Salvia 476. Salviacanthus 512. Samadera 300. Samara 418. Sambucus 533. Samolus 419. SAMYDACEAE 367. Sandersonia 130. Sanguisorba 241. Sanıcula 403. Sanseverinia 134. ‚Sansevieria 134. SANTALACEAE 8, 16, 172, pl. 35. . SANTALACEAE 173. Santalina 526. Santaloides 608. Sanltiria 302. Santiriopsis 302. Santolina 578. SAPINDACEAE og, 12, 13, HS, 20,28, 31, 32, 40, 335; pl. 85. SAPINDACEAE 335, 342. Sapindus 337, 340. Sapindus 338, 339, 340. Sapium 318. Sapium 610. Saponaria 196. Saponaria 196. Sapota 423. SAPOTACEAE 54, 60, 421, pl. 124. Sarcocapnos 212. Sarcocaulon 290. Sarcocephalus 525. Sarcochlaena 347. Sarcocolla 380, pl. 108. Sarcocolla 380. Sarcocyphula 447- Sarcolaena 347. _ Sarcophrynium 148. Sarcophyte 176. Sarcopoterium 241. Sarcostemma 447, 448. Sarothamnus 266. Satanocrater 505. Satureia 479. Satureia 479. Satyridium 151. Satyrium 151. Sauromatum 118. Sauvagesia 359. Savia 319, 320. Savignya 227. Saviniona 352. INDEX Saxifraga 233. SAXIFRAGACEAE 16, 36, 39, 44, 45, 49, 62, 68, 233, pl. 60. SAXIFRAGACEAE 235, 236. Scabiosa 535. | Scabiosa 534, 535. Scaevola 544. Scaligeria 407. Scandix 405. Scaphopetalum 356. Schanginia 179. Schaueria 515. Schefflera 400. Schefflerodendron 288. Schepperia 214. SCHEUCHZERIACEAE 3, 75: Schimpera 225. Schinus 328. Schinziella 431. | Schismatoclada 531. Schismus 104. Schistostephium 578, 579. Schizobasis 126. Schizochilus 153. Schizochlaena 348. Schizodium 151. Schizoglossum 451. Schizoglossum 450. Schizogyne 560. Schizolaena 348. Schizostachyum 88. Schizostephanus 449. Schizostylis 143. Schizozygia 439. Schlechterella 442. Schlechteria 218, 225. Schlechterina 375. Schmidelia 336. Schmidtia 100. Schoberia 179. Schoenefeldia 91. Schoenlandia 124. Schoenodendron 106. Schoenoplectus 110. Schoenoxiphium 107. Schoenus 107. Schoenus 108. Schotia 254, 256. Schouwia 227. Schranckia 245. Schrebera 426, pl. 126. Schrebera 331. Schubea 311. 641 Schultesia 430. Schumanniophyton 529. Schwabea 514. Schwarzkopffia 153. Schweinfurthia 490. Schwenkia 481. Sciadopanax 401. Sciadophyllum 400. Sciaphila 79. Scilla 127. Scirpus IIo. Scirpus 108. SCITAMINEAE 145, 147, 148. Scleranthus 192. Scleria 106. ‘Scleria 106. Sclerocarpus 582. Sclerocarya 329. Sclerocephalus 193. Sclerochiton 509. Sclerochiton 509. Sclerochloa 105. Sclerodactylon 607. Sclerodictyon 436. Sclerolaena 348. Scleropoa 105. Sclerosciadium 408. Sclerosperma 113. Scolopia 37I. Scolymus 545. Scoparia 488. Scopularia 153. Scorodophloeus 253. | Scorpiurus 260. Scorzonera 545. Scottellia 368. Scrophularia 491. SCROPHULARIACEAE 50, 53, 55» 56, 57, 58, 59, 62, 483, pl 136. Scutellaria 472. | Scutia 344. | Scyphocephalium 207. Scyphochlamys 519. Scyphogyne 416. | Scyphosyce 167. Scytanthus 510. SCYTOPETALACEAE 33, 38, 62, 63, 68, 357, pl. 95. Scytopetalum 358. Scytophyllum 330. | Sebaea 430. Sebaea 430. Sebastiania 318. | Sebastiania 610. 146, 642 Secale gr. Secamone 451. Secamone 453. Secamonopsis 451. Sechium 536. Securidaca 308, pl. 78. Securidaca 260. Securigera 260. Securinega 323. Securinega 323. Seddera 459. Sedum 232. Seemannaralia 400. Seetzenia 294. Seidelia 315. Seidlitzia 608. SELAGINEAE 483, 502. Selago 489. Selinopsis 412. Selinum 409. Semele 130. Semonvillea 188. Sempervivum 232. Senebiera 226. Senecio 576. Senecio 572. Senra 352. Serapias 152. Sericocoma 184, 185. Sericocoma 184, 185, 186. Sericocomopsis 185. Sericocomopsis 185. Sericorema 186. Sericostachys 185. Sericostoma 465. Seriola 545. Serissa 522. Serjania 336. Serpicuka 399. Serratula 550. Serruria 171. Sersalisia 422, 423. Sesamothamnus 498. Sesamum 499, pl. 138. Sesbania 267, 270. Seseli 410, 411. Seseli 414. Sesuvium 189. Setaria 81. Sevada 179. Seychellaria 79. Seymeria 487. Sherardia 521. Sherbournia 527. Shutereia 460. Shuteria 279. INDEX Sibangea 322. Sibthorpia 488. Sicyos 536. Sida 351. Sideritis 477. Sideroxylon 423. Sideroxylon 422. Siegesbeckia 582. Sigmatosiphon 498. SILENACEAE 192. Silene 196. Silybum 551. SIMARUBACEAE 28, 40, 41, 42, 299, pl. 74. SIMA RUBACEAE 295. Simarubopsis 609. Simbuleta 491. Simethis 132. Simochilus 416. Sinapidendron 224. Sinapis 221, 224. Siphocodon 542. Siphocolea 497. Siphomeris 523. Siphonantha 470. Siphonia 314. Siphonochilus 607. Siphonoglossa 512. Siphonoglossa 512. Sison 413. Sisymbrium 224. Sisymbrium 217, 218, 223. Sisyndite 294. Sisyranthus 456. Sisyrinchium 144. Sium 412. Sloetiopsis 164. _ Smeathmannia 370. Smelophyllum 339. SMILACEAE 125. Smilax 131. Smithia 269, 284, 286. Smodingium 328. Smyrnium 407. Socotora 442. Socotranthus 444. SOLANACEAE 57, 58, 59, 62, 481, pl. 135. Solanum 483. Solenanthus 466. Solenixora 520. Solenostemma 446. 29, | Solenostemon 475. | Solidago 573. | Soliva 566. Somalia 507. Sonchus 547. Sonneratia 385. SONNERATIACEAE 39,385 Sophora 258, 259. Sopubia 486. Sorbus 240. : Sorghum 87. Sorindeia 327. Sorocephalus 171. Soulamea 300. Soyauxia 369. — | Spallanzania 530. Sparaxis 142. SPARGANIACEAE 2, 73. | Sparganium 73. Sparganophorus 569. | Sparmannia 350. Spartina 81. Spartium 266. Spartocytisus 266. | Spatalla 171. Spatallopsis 17I. Spathionema 261. Spathodea 495. Spathulopetalum 612. Specularia 543. Speirostyla 349. Spergula 194. Spergularia 194. Spermacoce 522. Spermacoce 522. Spermacoceoides 522. Sphacele 475. Sphacophyllum 554. Sphaeralcea 352. Sphaeranthus 558. Sphaerocephalus 549. Sphaerocodon 456. Sphaerocoma 193. | Sphaeroma 352. Sphaerosepalum 366. Sphaerosicyos 540. Sphaerostylis 312. Sphaerothylax 231.) Sphedamnocarpus 307. Sphedamnocarpus 307. Sphenandra 492. Sphenocentrum 202. | Sphenoclea 542. SPHENOCLEACEAE] 541. Sphenogyne 580. Sphenopus 102. | Sphenostylis “278. Spilanthes 582. | Spinacia 181. | Spivaeea 241. INDEX 643 Spiranthes 155. | Stephanotis 453. | Stylosanthes 268. Spirodela 119. | Stephegyne 530. STYRACACEAE 22. 425. Spiropetalum 244. Sterculia 354. | Suaeda 179. Spirospermum 201. | Sterculia 354. Subularia 228, Spirostachys 610. |STERCULIACEAE 13, 14,| Succisa 535. Spitzelia 546. | 19, 20, 26, 30, 32, 33, 34, 35, | Succowia 226. Spondianthus 328, 611. 36, 38, 39, 40, 42, 51, 61, 62,| Suffrenia 384. Spondias 328. 63, 354, pl. 94. Suregada 318. Spondias 328, 329. STERCULIACEAE 353. Suriana 299. Spondiopsis 328. Stereochlaena 81. Sutera 493. | Sponia 164. | Stereospermum 496. Sutera 492, 493. Sporobolus 95. | Sternbergia 137. Sutherlandia 287. e , staavia. 237. | Stevensonia 113. Swartzia 249. _-Staberoha 120. | Stiburus 103. Sweertia 430. _ Stachyanthus 333. | Stichorchis 156. | Swietenia 393. - Stachyothyrus 250. | Stictocardia 461. Swynnertonia 452. Stachys 479. Stilbe 468. Sylitra 271, 275. Stachytarpheta 468. Stillingia 318. Symmeria 178. Stadmannia 338. Stilpnogyne 575. Symphonia 362. Staehelina 551. | Stilpnophytum 579. Symphostemon 474. Stangeria 69. | Stipa 95. Symphyochlamys 353. Stapelia 455. | Stipularia 530. Symphytonema 443. Stapfiola 93. | Stironeurum 423. Symphytosiphon 304. Staphylosyce 539. Stizolobium 268. Symphytum 465. Staphysova 322, 611. Stobaea 548. | Sympieza 416. Stathmostelma 449. Stoebe 562. | Symplectochilus 513. Statice 421. Stolidia 174. | Synadenium 310. Staudtia 207. Stomatostemma 445. | Synaptolepis 381. Staurogyne 503. Stomotechium 466. Syncephalum 562. Stearodendron 361. Streblocarpus 214. Synchodendron 556. Steirodiscus 565. Strelitzia 145, pl. 23. | Synchoriste 510. Stellaria 194. Strephonema 389. | Synclisia 202. Stellularia 485. Streptanthera 142. | Syncolostemon 473: Stemodia 494. Streptocarpus 501, pl. 140. Syndesmanthus 41€. Stemodiacra 494- Streptogyne 92, IOI. | Synedrella 581. Stemodiopsis 495. | Streptopetalum 374. | Syngonanthus 121. Stemonocoleus 252. | Striga 485. Synnema 504. Stenadenium 310. Strigina 485. | Synnotia 142. Stenandriopsis 509. Strobilanthes 506. Synsepalum 423. Stenanthera 204. Strobilanthopsis 506. | Syntherisma 82. Stenocline 562, 563. Strombosia 174. | Syntriandrium 2co. Stenoglottis 153. | Strombosiopsis 174- _ | Syringodea 140. Stenolirion 138. | Strongylodon 280, 281. Syrrheonema 202. Stenolobium 496. | Strophanthus 434. | Syzygium 392. Stenonia 319. Strumaria 136. | Stenophragma 218. Struthiola 38r. | Tabebuia 497- Stenosemis 409. | Strychnopsis 203. | Tabernaemontana 437, 439 Stenostelma 450. Strychnos 429. | 440. Stenotaphrum 8o. Stuhlmannia 253. | Tabernanthe 436. Stephania 200. Stupa 95. | Tacazzea 443, pl. 130. Stephanocoma 548. | Styasasia 510. | Tacazzea 442, 444 445- Stephanodaphne 381. | Stylapterus 380. | Tacca 139. . Stephanolepis 570. _ Stylarthropus 505. TACCACEAE 6, 139. Stephanorossia 611. Stylidium 389. Tachiadenus 430. Stephanostegia 441. Stylochiton 115. | Taenosapium 318. Stephanostema 433. Stylocoryne 528. Tagetes 584. 644 Talinella 190. Talinum trot, pl. 44. Talisiopsis 342. TAMARICACEAE 22, 364, pl. ror. Tamarindus 256. Tamarix 364, pl. ror. Tamatavia 528. Tambourissa 209. Tamnus 140. Tamus 140. Tanacetum 566, 578. Tanghinia 437. Tannodia 312, 610. Tannodia 610. Tanulepis 443. Tapeinanthus 135. Tapeinostelma 457. Tapura 309. Taraxacum 546. Tarchonanthus 556. Tardavel 522. Tarenna 526, 528. Tavaresia 454. Taverniera 271, 281. TAXACEAE 1, 70. Taxus 70. Teclea 297. Tecmarsis 557. Tecoma 495, 496. Tecomaria 495. Tectona 470. Teedia 492. Teesdalia 228. Telanthera 183. Telephium 194. Telfairia 536. Teline 266. Telosma 453. Temnolepis 582. Temnopteryx 530. Tenagocharis 77. Tenaris 457. Tenaris 457. Tephrosia 272, 273, 275, 276, 282, 284, 287. Tephrothamnus 264. Teramnus 267. TEREBINTHACEAE 301, 325. Terminalia 391. TERNSTROEMIACEAE 347, 360. Tessmannia 256. Testudinaria 140. Tetracarpidium 312, 25, INDEX Tetracera 358, pl. 96. Tetrachaete 84. Tetrachne 93, Tetrachne 93. Tetraclinis 71. Tetraclis 424. Tetradenia 476. Tetradiclis 293. Tetragonia 190. Tetragonolobus 260. Tetranthera 210. Tetraphyllaster 395. Tetrapleura 246. Tetrapogon 92. Tetraria 107. Tetraria 108. Tetraspidium 485. Tetrastemma 205. Tetrastigma 529. Tetrataxis 385. Tetratelia 215. Teucrium 471. Thalassia 78. Thalia 148. Thalictrum 198. Thaminophyllum 580. Thamnea 236. Thamnochortus 120. Thamnochortus 120. Thamnosma 295. Thamnus 416. Thapsia 404. Thapsia 404. Thaumatococcus 148. Thea 360. THEACEAE 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37. 38, 40, 63, 360, pl. 98. Thecacoris 320, 322, 611. Thecacoris 611. Thelepogon 86. THELIGONACEAE 187. Theligonum 187. Themeda 87. Theobroma 356. Theodora 254. Thesidium 172. Thesium 172. Thespesia 353. Thespesocarpus 425. Thevetia 437. Thiegemella 421. Thiegemopanax 401. Thismia 150. | Thlaspi 228. Thomandersia 510. | Thomassetia 360. | Thonnera 205. Thonningia 176. Thoracosperma 416. Thoracostachyum 107. Thorncroftia 612. Thrincia 546. Thuarea 80. Thunbergia 503. Thunbergia 503. Thunbergianthus 486. Thylachium 213. Thymelaea 383. THYMELAEACEAE 10, 12, 19, 29, 5I, 380, pl. 109. Thymus 480. Thymus 480. Thyrsodium 327. Thysanolaena 83. Thysanurus 558. Tieghemella 421. TILIACEAE 113, 27.431733 33, 34, 37, 38, 41, 348, pl. of. TILIACEAE 347. Tiliacora 201, 202, 203. Tillaea 232. Timonius 518. Tina 340. Tinea 152. Tinguarra 406. Tinnaea 478. Tinnea 471. Tinopsis 339. Tinospora’ 201. Tinospora 201. Tisonia 373. Tissa 194. Tittmannia 236. Todaroa 410. Toddalia 298. Toddalia 297, 298. Toddaliopsis 298. Tolpis 547. Tordylium 408. Torenia 494. Torilis 404. Tornabenea 404. Torulinium 109. Tounatea 249. Tournefortia 463. Tournesolia 311, 609. Tourneuxia 545. Toxanthera 538. Toxicodendron 321. Toxicophloea 437. Toxocarpus 451, 453. Trachelium 543. Trachelium 544. Trachydium 407. Trachylobium 256. Trachyphrynium 149. Trachyphrynium 148. Trachypogon 87. Trachyspermum 413. Trachystigma 501. Traganum 179, pl. 40. Tragia 313. Tragiopsis 413. Tragopogon 545. Tragus 84. Trapa 397. Traunia 453. Treculia 168. Treichelia 543. Trema 164, pl. 30. Trematosperma 333. Triachyrium 95. Triadenia 361. Triainolepis 525. Trianoptiles 108. Trianosperma 538. Trianthema 189, pl. 43. Triaspis 307. Tribulus 294. Tricalysia 527, 528. Trichilia 305, pl. 76. Trichocalyx 512. Trichocaulon 454. Trlchocladus 233, pl. 64. Trichodesma 466. Trichodypsis 113. Trichogyne 555. Tricholaena 82. Trichonema 141. Trichoneura 607. Trichoon 101. Trichopteryx 98. Trichosandra 452. Trichosanthes 538. Trichoscypha 328. Trichostachys 525. Trichostephanus 372. Triclisia 202, 203. Tricomariopsis 307. Tridax 580. Tridesmostemon 423. Tridianisia 334. Trifolium 261, 275, 281. Triglochin 75. Trigonella 283. Trigonocapnos 212, pl. 52. INDEX | Triguera 482. Trimeria 371. Trimorphopetalum 343. | Triodia 102. | Triphasia 298. | Triphlebia 103. ı Triplachne 97. | Triplocephalum 559. ‚ Triplochiton 355. TRIPLOCHITONACEAE | 354. Tripodandra 203. | Tripogon 92. Tripteris 557, 563. ee 100. , Trisetaria 96. Trisetum 100. Tristachya 98. | Tristellateia 308. ı Tristemma 395. | Tristicha 231, pl. 57. Triticum go. Tritonia 142. Tritonixia 142. Triumfetta 349. TRIURIDACEAE 4, 78. Trixago 484. Trochetia 357- Trochomeria 539. Trochomeriopsis 537. TROPAEOLACEAE 28, 291. Tropaeolum 291. Trymatococcus 165. Tryphia 153. Trpyhostemma 376. Tsimatimia 362. Tuberaria 365. Tubiflora 503. Tulbaghia: 130. Tulipa 129. Tumboa 72. Tunica 195. Turgenia 404. Turnera 374. Turnera 374. TURNERACEAE 25, pl. 105. Turraea 305, 609. Turraeanthus 305. Turritis 218, 223. Tussilago 567. Tylophora 453, 456. Tylophora 446. Tylophoropsis 446. Tylostemon 210. Tylostemon 210, 373» 645 Typha 72. TYPHACEAE 3, 72. TYPHACEAE 73. | Typhonodorum 116. Tysonia 467. | Tzellemtinia 611. Uapaca 321. | Ubochea 468. Uebelinia 196. Ulex 265. ULMACEAE 10, 163, pl. 30. ULMACEAE 164. | Ulmaria 241. | Ulmus 163. | UMBELLIFERAE 17, 43, 46, 401, pl. 119. Umbilicus 233. | Umtiza 253. Uncaria 525. Uncaria 499. Uncarina 498. Uncinia 107. Unona 206. Unona 206. Uvagoga 524, 525. Uraria 285. Urelytrum 85. Urena 351. Urera 169. Urginea 126. | Urobotrya 173. Urochlaena 101. Urophyllum 529. Urospermum 546. | Urotheca 397. Ursinia 580 . | Urtica 168. URTICACEAE 7, 8, 15, 168, pl. 32. URTICACEAE 163, 164, 187. | Urticastrum 169. | Usteria 428. Utricularia 501, pl. 141. | Uvaria 206. Uvaria 206. Uvariastrum 206. Uvariopsis 205. Vaccaria 196. VACCINIACEAE 415. Vaccinium 415. Vachallia 247. Vahadenia 436, Vahea 439, 646 Vahlia 233. Vaillantia 521. Valeriana 534, pl. 146. VALERIANACEAE 65, 66, 534, pl. 146. Valerianella 534. Valerianodes 468. Vallisneria 78. Vallota 138. Vandellia 494. Vangueria 519. Vanilla 154. Varangevillea 469. Varthemia 560. Vateria 363. Vatica 363. Vausagesia 359. Velezia 196. Vella 225. Vellozia 139. VELLOZIACEAE 6, pl. 20. Veltheimia 127. Velvitsia 486. Venana 234. Venidium 548. Ventenata 99. Ventilago 345, pl. 88. Veprecella 397. Vepris 298. Verbascum 489. Verbena 469. VERBENACEAE 50, 52, 54, 55, 60, 467, pl. 133. Verbesina 582. Verdickia 131. Vernonia 570, pl. 150. Vernonia 568. Veronica 487. Verschaffeltia 113. Viborgia 265. Viburnum 533, pl. 145. Vicia 269, 270. Vicoa 560. Vieusseuxia 144. Vigineixia 546. Vigna 278. Vigna 278. Vignogsis 277. Vilfa 95. Villarsia 429. Vinca 440. Vinca 440. Vincetoxicum 449. Viola 367. I 39, INDEX VIOLACEAE pl. 103. Viraea 560. Viraea 546. Virecta 532. Virgilia 258. Virola 207. Viscum 175. Vismia 361. Visnea 360, pl. 98. VITACEAE 30, pl. 89. Vitex 470. Vitis 346. Vitis 346. Voacanga 439. Voandzeia 277. Vogelia 218, 420. Voharanga 612. Vohemaria 446. Volkensia 570. Volkensiella 612. Volkensiophyton 508. Volutarella 550. Vonitra 114. Vossia 85. Vouacapoua 289. Vouapa 253. Voyria 429. Vulpia 93. 24, . 366, 60, Wachendorfia 135. Wahlenbergia 544. Wahlenbergia 544. Walafrida 489. Walleria 139. Wallinia 188. Walpersia 263. Waltheria 356. Wangenheima 93. Warburgia 366. Warionia 552. Warneckea 393. Warpuria 508. Watsonia 141. Webbia 572. Webera 526. Wedelia 582, 583. Weihea 388, pl. 112. Weingaertneria 607. Weinmannia 235, pl. 62. Wellstedia 463. Welwitschia 72. Welwitschiella 583. Welwitschiina 202. Werneria 575. 345, Whiteheadia 127. Whitfieldia 505. Wiborgia 265: Widdringtonia 71. Wielandia 319. Wiesnera 76. Wikstroemia 383. Willdenowia 120. Willkommia 91. Willugbaeya 571. Winklerella 231. WINTERANACEAE 23, 54, 366. Wisneria 76. Wissadula 352. Withania 483. Witsenia 143. Wolfha 119. Wolffiella 119. Woodfordia 385. Woodia 450. Wormia 358. Wormskioldia 374, pl. 105. Wormskioldia 374. Wrightia 433. Wrightia 433. Wulfhorstia 303. Wurmbea 128. Xanthium 564. Xanthocercis 270. Xanthochymus 362. Xanthosoma 116. XANTHOXYLEAE 295. Xanthoxylum 296. Xenisma 557. Xeranthemum 550. Xerochlamys 347. Xerocladia 246. Xeropetalum 357. | Xerophyta 139. Xeroplana 467. Xerotium 556. Ximenesia 582. Ximenia 174. Xylia 247. Xylocalyx 486. Xylocarpus 303, 305. Xylochlaena 348. Xyloolaena 348. Xylopia 204. Xylopia 204. Xylopicrum 204. Xylopleurum 398. Xylotheca 369. Xymalos 208, XYRIDACEAE 4, pl. 14. Xyris 121, pl. 14. Xysmalobium 450. L2T, Yaundea 244. Yucca 134. Zaa 497. Zaluzianskia 492. Zamioculcas 115. Zanha 342. Zannichellia 74. Zantedeschia 117. ZANTHOXYLEAE 295. Zanthoxylum 296. INDEX Zapania 468. Zea 83. Zehneria 537. Zenkerella 253. Zenkerina 503. Zeuxine 155. Zilla 227. Zimmermannia 323. Zingiber 147. ZINGIBERACEAE ‘5, pl. 24. Zinnia 581. Ziziphora 479. Zizyphus 344. Zoegea 550. Zollikoferia 547. 146, 647 Zombiana 515. Zornia 266. | Zostera 73. ZOSTERACEAE 73. Zoysia 84. Zozimia 408, Zyganthera 118, Zygia 248. Zygodia 435. Zygonerion 434. Zygoon 527. 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