Historic, archived document Do not assume content reflects current scientific knowledge, policies, or practices. — F6gUb FOREST AREA AND TIMBER RESOURCE STATISTICS FOR SANTA FE COUNTY, NEW MEXICO, 1975 DOROTHY G. SHUPE ye Be oo and oi i MICHAEL K. BARRETT USDA Forest Service Resource Bulletin INT-16 INTERMOUNTAIN FOREST AND RANGE EXPERIMENT STATION FOREST SERVICE, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE USDA Forest Service Resource Bulletin INT-16 April 1980 FOREST AREA AND TIMBER RESOURCE STATISTICS FOR SANTA FE COUNTY, NEW MEXICO, 1975 Dorothy G. Shupe and Michael K. Barrett INTERMOUNTAIN FOREST AND RANGE EXPERIMENT STATION Forest Service U.S. Department of Agriculture Ogden, Utah 84401 THE AUTHORS DOROTHY G. SHUPE is a Supervisory Statistical Assistant with the Resources Evaluation research work unit at the Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station in Ogden, Utah. MICHAEL K. BARRETT, formerly Statistical Assistant with the Resources Evaluation research work unit at the Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Ogden, Utah, is now Contract Price Analyst with the Navy Department in Salt Lake City, Utah. RESEARCH SUMMARY Presents land area, commercial timberland area, timber inven- tory, and growth and mortality data based on Resources Evaluation standards. CONTENTS Page ENTRODUCTIEON, =) foc 5 ise ys). ew 35 Sole oh, iaencoiars yp © eeu ie ans eis teach Tome eel: PUEGHET GEIS er s. ie.* ie 6 a1 fen 25) fon vie. vee we iS) Gah Tel i: Sy. Aan, ee ey ei | ev eee CARS To Yel ey at Wes eo, Ko) neers) Be Boe sides em dem Coe tae Pel ore G5 Mies aan eee PAVENEOLY) so so c % fe) te eh erase: Ol “S. feo Gis ome, vais) al cer ci ee Se Growth. and) Mortality... a ty af 4 eee tae. s. Es @ te Soe Go eeee e DATA REDREABEL LEY 22 2 Sti ie: 8s. ste! sey tel sey Ue, a dees er suet Set Veen ee TERMINOLOGY AND DATA ‘TABLES. «9.02 29s) &) 2.93 #6 2 2-2 eee Ol THERMEUNOLOGYs a to ie. & Sys 6 ey Ce oe) en ee eh 2) st tos 4e) CS) Henne Re” one on TsATUGli ver ae. <4 Pot pees cetancr usp oG> le; Net We. se aeR liow cieeee eantes “ee, seu berin ek a Waiter its at ar wt ey SP ar cos te Ge cree ie re ci cep oe Vol ver, Shien Het Youre hand Use Classes. . a .5 «@ 4 of: doh «ae oS GR ee Public Ownership Classes. 2.96 Ss < 26 %. 4 & © SS. Bae Private Ownership Classes . i-@ 4 «02 @ WG ote a Ss we ss Forest Type and Tree Species. 2... 6% 2 6: 6 4 oe ws os Aréa Condition Classes... « 2 Bl 6 ss 26 3 Gow eats we Cllass O£ Timber % 2-5 2 314 a & “Ss Se ewe we ROS Se we dee Tree Size Classes: ..<.:03 % o «6 @ “sd 296 Seo e et EA ems Volumes & 6 06 ws ee Se, Hw a i eS eS Growth and. Mortality: .« . ¢ 62) 06 6 © 6°68 6 wr we eS SaTHEGs. SS eee ey Van sl re) ep ed ie een 4S, cous Son Get cos™eey Ge aor eet oe) Paes Stand=Size ClasséSs a 2 4. < = Siw ws . w. a oa daa @ toe OWDMDWAWDANAAAUNUMNMN Ke) POREST ‘SURVEY TABLES 2 1. 6.6 2 6 SiS 6 mo 6 oS ef SS ws te er eee SANTA FE Santa Fe County INTRODUCTION A comprehensive timber resource study was conducted on State and private lands in Santa Fe County, New Mexico (fig. 1) from 1974 to 1975 by the New Mexico Department of State Forestry in cooperation with the Division of State and Private Forestry, Forest Service, Region 3, and the Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. The total land area is 1,215,076 acres (491,726 hectares). The Forest Service administers 250,474 acres (101,364 hectares); the Bureau of Land Management administers 73,250 acres (29,643 hectares), and 79,327 acres (32,103 hectares) are Indian lands. The remaining lands are State owned, 90,500 acres (36,624 hectares), public owned, 9,000 acres (3,642 hectares), and privately owned, 712,525 acres (288,350 hectares). The data presented here are for State, private, and other lands (miscellaneous Federal, and County and municipal lands). “OOTXOJ{ MON SAJUNOD OY B4UeS--"*,T oAN3TY 60t ~ VNV VNOG Aqd3 a —- voved 30 OYHOOOS NOYLVO SITIW ILNLVLS-IIWIOS JONVYHOL adNvavnd O71NVNH38 TWAOGNVS xvid100 VaIduV Oly ODIXIW MIN HIGHLIGHTS Area @ The forest land area is 298,747 acres (120,900 hectares), or 37 percent of the total State and private land area and 25 percent of the total land area in the County. @ Of the forest land, 13,195 acres) (5,540 hectares), or 4.4 percent’ is classified as commercial timberland. @ Private ownership accounts for 12,599 acres (5,099 hectares), or 95.5 percent, of the commercial timberland. @ The predominant forest types are pinyon-juniper! and ponderosa pine which occupy 93.4 percent of the commercial timberland. The remaining area contains Douglas-fir, white fir, and mixed hardwoods forest types. @® Sixty percent of the commercial timberland supports sawtimber stands. Poletimber stands make up 17 percent; the remainder is in sapling and seedling stands or nonstocked. @ More than 88 percent of the commercial timberland is in the 20 to 49 cubic- foot site class, 95 percent of which is privately owned. Inventory e Growing stock volume amounts to 5,742 thousand cubic feet (163 thousand cubic meters). The major portion, 85 percent, is in softwood sawtimber trees. @ Rough, rotten, and salvable dead trees comprise 392 thousand cubic feet (11 thousand cubic meters), or 6 percent, of the total sound wood volume. e@ About 94 percent of the 25,270 thousand board feet? of sawtimber volume is in sawtimber trees less than 23 inches d.b.h. @ Softwood species, ponderosa pine (73 percent), and pinyon and juniper (almost 12 percent), make up about 85 percent of the growing stock volume and 88 percent of the sawtimber volume. Species sharing the remaining percentage are Douglas- fir, white fir, limber pine, and mixed hardwoods. @ Private owners control 96 percent of the softwood growing stock. volume and 96 percent of the softwood sawtimber volume. 1The area occupied by pinyon-juniper forest type classified as commercial is so classified because the site index for other associated species on these stands (usually ponderosa pine or Douglas-fir) is high enough to indicate a potential productivity level exceeding 20 cubic feet per acre per year average annual growth, and nonstockable indicators are not present in sufficient quantities to lower yield capability below 20 cubic feet per acre per year. Although pinyon/juniper usually occurs on unproductive forest land, when it occurs in mixtures with other species on productive sites, it is reported in the commercial timberland statistics. “International 1/4-inch rule. Growth and Mortality e@ Net annual growth of growing stock totaled 97,232 cubic feet (2,753 cubic meters) with 99.6 percent occurring in softwood species, mainly ponderosa pine. Growth and mortality were not measured for pinyon and juniper trees. e About 96 percent of the total net growth is on private lands. e@ The annual mortality of 11,256 cubic feet (319 cubic meters) offset 10 percent of the gross annual growth. Causes of mortality are mostly unknown. DATA RELIABILITY Individual cells within tables should be used with caution. Some are based on very small sample sizes, and so result in high sampling errors. The standard error percents shown in tables 1 and 2 were calculated at the 67 percent confidence level. Table 1.--Area of forest land and percent standard error for Santa Fe County, 1975 : Softwood types :___ Hardwood _ types : All types Teen : Percent: : Percent: : Percent Acres :standard: Acres :Standard: Acres :standard error : + error: 3 : error Commercial timberland 13,092 14.7 103 1100.0 L3),195 14.7 Productive reserved 136 73.3 5 1100.0 141 T3e5 Other forest land 282,186 16 3,225 18.1 285,411 1.6 Table 2.--Net volwme and net annual growth and annual mortality of growtng stock and sawtimber on commercial timberland, with percent standard error for Santa Fe County, 1975 : Softwoods : Hardwoods : All species item : Percent: : Percent: : Percent Volume’ :standard: Volume :standard: Volume’ :standard error : : error : : error Net volume: Growing stock (M cubic feet) 5,729,535 17.2 12,229 1100.0 5,741,764 V7.2 Sawtimber (M board feet) 25,201,942 18.0 68,291 1100.0 25,270,233 18.0 Net annual growth: Growing stock (cubic feet) 96,843 Re 389 1100.0 97,232 U7s7 Sawtimber (board feet?) 456,232 20.2 2,418 1100.0 458,650 20:2 Annual mortality: Growing stock (cubic feet) 11,256 84.0 -- 0 11,256 84.0 Sawtimber (board feet2) 65,552 86.5 -- 0 6572552 86.5 1Computed standard error exceeds 100 percent. 2International 1/4-inch rule. TERMINOLOGY AND DATA TABLES The following terminology section contains definitions that are relevant to the timber resource data presented in this resource bulletin. Forest area and timber resource data for Santa Fe County, New Mexico, are displayed in tables 3 through 23. TERMINOLOGY Land Bureau of the Census.--The area of dry land and land temporarily or partly covered by water, such as marshes, swamps, and river flood plains; streams, sloughs, estuaries, and canals less than 1/8 of a statute mile in width; and lakes, reservoirs, and ponds less than 40 acres in area. Water Census water.--As defined by the Bureau of the Census: streams, sloughs, estuaries, and canals more than 1/8 of a statute mile in width; and lakes, reservoirs, and ponds more than 40 acres in area. Noncensus water.--The same as defined by the Bureau of the Census, except minimum width of streams, etc., is 120 feet and minimum size of lakes, etc., is 1 acre. Land Use Classes Forest land.--Land at least 16.7 percent stocked by forest trees of any size, or formerly having had such tree cover, and not currently developed for nonforest use. Commercial timberland.--Forest land producing or capable of producing crops of industrial wood and not withdrawn from timber utilization. (Note: Areas qualifying have the capability of producing in excess of 20 cubic feet per acre per year of industrial wood under management. Currently inaccessible and inoperable areas are included, except when the areas involved are small and unlikely to become suitable for production of industrial wood in the foreseeable future.) Productive-reserved forest land.--Forest land sufficiently productive to qualify as commercial timberland, but withdrawn from timber utilization through statute, administrative designation, or exclusive use for Christmas tree production. Other forest land.--(1) Forest land incapable of producing 20 cubic feet per acre of industrial wood under management, because of adverse site conditions; (2) unproductive- reserved forest land. Nonforest land.--Land that has never supported forests and lands formerly forested where use for timber management is precluded by development for other uses. Public Ownership Classes National Forest land.--Federal lands legally designated as National Forest or purchase units, and other lands under the administration of the Forest Service, including experimental areas and Bankhead-Jones Title III lands. Bureau of Land Management lands.--Federal lands administered by the Bureau of Land Management. Indian lands.--Tribal lands held in fee by the Federal Government, but administered for Indian tribal groups and Indian trust allotments. State lands.--Lands owned by States, or lands leased to these governmental units for 50 years or more. Private Ownership Classes Miscellaneous Federal lands.--Federal lands other than the following (1) National Forest lands; (2) lands administered by the Bureau of Land Management; and (3) Indian lands. County and municipal lands.--Lands owned by counties and local public agencies or municipalities, or lands leased to these governmental units for 50 years or more. Forest industry lands.--Lands owned by companies or individuals operating wood- using plants. Farmer-owned lands.--Lands owned by farm operators. (Note: These exclude lands leased by farm operators from nonfarm owners, such as railroad companies and States.) Miscellaneous private lands.--Privately owned lands other than forest industry and farmer-owned lands. Forest Type and Tree Species Forest types.--A classification of forest land based upon the species forming-a plurality of live-tree stocking. Forest trees.--Woody plants having a well-developed stem and usually more than 12 feet in height at maturity. Commercial species.--Tree species presently or prospectively suitable for indus- trial wood products. Softwoods.--Coniferous trees, usually evergreen, having needles or scalelike leaves. Hardwoods.--Dicotyledonous trees, usually broad-leaved and deciduous. Area Condition Classes Stocking.--Stocking is an effort to express the extent to which growing space is effectively utilized by present or potential growing stock trees of commercial species. "Percent of stocking'' is synonymous with "percentage of growing space occupied" and means the ratio of actual stocking to full stocking for comparable sites and stands. Basal area is used as a basis for measuring stocking. "Stocking percentages" express current area occupancy in relation to specified standards for full stocking based on number, size, and spacing of trees considered necessary to fully utilize the forest land. Full utilization of the site is assumed to occur over a range of basal area. As an interim guide, 60 percent of the normal yield table values has been used to establish the lower limit of this range, which represents full-site occupancy. This is called 100- percent stocking. The upper limit of full stocking has been set at 132 percent. Sites with less than 100-percent stocking represent understocking. Overstocking is character- ized by sites with over 133 percent stocking. Class 10.--Area fully stocked (100-132 percent) with desirable trees and not overstocked (133 percent or more). Class 20.--Area fully stocked with desirable trees, but overstocked with all live trees. Class 30.--Areas medium to fully stocked (60-99 percent) with desirable trees and with less than 30 percent of the area controlled by other trees and (or) inhibiting vegetation or surface conditions that will prevent occupancy by desirable trees. Class 40.--Areas medium to fully stocked with desirable trees and with 30 percent or more of the area controlled by other trees and (or) conditions that ordinarily pre- vent occupancy by desirable trees. Class 50.--Areas poorly stocked (16.7-59 percent) with desirable trees, but fully stocked with growing stock trees. Class 60.--Areas poorly stocked with desirable trees, but with medium to full stocking of growing stock trees. Class 70.--Areas nonstocked (less than 16.7 percent) or poorly stocked with desir- able trees, and poorly stocked with growing stock trees. Class 80.--Low-risk old-growth stands. Class 90.--High-risk old-growth stands. Nonstocked.--Areas less than 16.7 percent stocked with growing stock trees. Class of Timber Growing stock trees.--Live trees of commercial species qualifying as desirable or acceptable trees. (Note: Excludes rough, rotten, and dead trees.) Desirable trees.--Growing stock trees of commercial species (a) having no serious defect in quality, limiting present or prospective use for timber products; (b) of relatively high vigor; and (c) containing no pathogens that may result in death or serious deterioration before rotation age. Acceptable trees.--Growing stock trees of commercial species that meet specified standards of size and quality, but not qualifying as desirable trees. Rough trees.--(1) Live trees of commercial species that do not contain at least one 12-foot saw log or two noncontiguous saw logs, each 8 feet long or longer, now or prospectively, and (or) do not meet Rocky Mountain Regional specifications for freedom from defect primarily because of roughness or poor form; (2) all live trees of non- commercial species. Rotten trees.--Live trees of commercial species that do not contain at least one 12-foot saw log or two noncontiguous saw logs, each 8 feet long or longer, now or prospectively, and (or) do not meet Rocky Mountain Regional specifications for freedom from defect primarily because of rot; that is, when more than 50 percent of the cull volume (cubic-foot basis) in a tree is rotten. Cull.--Portions of a tree that are unusable for industrial wood products because of rot, form, or other defect. Salvable dead trees.--Standing or down dead trees that are considered merchantable by Rocky Mountain Regional standards. Mortality trees.--Trees formerly growing stock dying from natural causes during a specified period, usually 1 year. Saw-log portion.--That part of the bole of sawtimber trees between the stump and the saw-log top. A 1-foot stump is used. Upper-stem portion.--That part of the bole of sawtimber trees above the saw-log top to a minimum top diameter of 4.0-inches outside bark or to the point where the central stem breaks into limbs, whichever occurs first. Tree Size Classes Seedlings.--Live trees less than 1.0 inch in diameter at breast height. Saplings.--Trees 1.0-4.9 inches in diameter at breast height. Poletimber trees.--Trees at least 5.0 inches in d.b.h., but smaller than sawtimber size. : Sawtimber trees.--Trees exceeding poletimber size. In the Intermountain States, the minimum d.b.h. for softwood sawtimber is 9.0 inches, and 11.0 inches for hardwoods. Volume Net volume.--Gross volume less deductions for rot, sweep, or other defect affect- ing use for timber products. Growing stock volume.--Net volume in cubic feet of live sawtimber trees and live poletimber trees from stump to a minimum 4.0-inch top (of central stem) outside bark. Net volume equals gross volume less deduction for rot and missing bole sections. Sawtimber volume.--Net volume in board feet of sawtimber trees of commercial species. Net volume equals gross volume less deduction for rot, sweep, crook, and other defects that affect use for lumber. Growth and Mortality Net annual growth.--The increase in net growing stock volume of a specified size class for a specific year. (Note: Components of net annual growth include the increment in net volume of trees at the beginning of the specific year surviving to its end, plus net volume of trees reaching the size class during the year, minus the net volume of trees that died during the year, minus the net volume of trees that became rough or rotten trees during the year.) Mortality.--Number or sound-wood volume of growing stock trees dying from natural causes during a specified period. Site Site class.--A classification of forest land in terms of inherent capacity to grow crops of industrial wood. Site classifications are based upon the mean net annual growth of growing stock (not including thinnings or mortality loss) attainable at culmination of mean net annual growth over age. Height-age relationships are usually used as indicators of the specified volume-site class. Stand-Size Classes Sawtimber stands.--Stands at least 16.7 percent stocked with growing stock trees, with half or more of total stocking in sawtimber or poletimber trees, and with saw- timber stocking at least equal to poletimber stocking. Poletimber stands.--Stands at least 16.7 percent stocked with growing stock trees in which half or more of this stocking is in» poletimber and (or) sawtimber trees, and with poletimber stocking exceeding that of sawtimber. Sapling-seedling stands.--Stands at least 16.7 percent stocked with growing stock trees in which more than half of the stocking is saplings and (or) seedlings. Nonstocked land.--Commercial timberland less than 16.7 percent stocked with growing stock trees. ~ FOREST SURVEY TABLES Table 3.--Total area in Santa Fe County by ownership class, 1975 a ee Ne ite i a os Ownership class ‘ Acres Hectares National Forest 250,474 * 101,364 Bureau of Land Management 73,250 29,643 Indian US RPAL 32,103 State 90,500 36,624 Private and other VMN SSS 291,992 Total land area 1.215), 076 491,726 Census water 6,684 2;105 Gross area! 1,221,760 494,431 1y.S. Bureau of the Census, land and water area of the United States, 1970. Table 4.--Land area in Santa Fe County by major land class and ownership class, 1975 : Ownership class Land class : State : Private : Acres : Hectares : Acres 2 Hectares Commercial timberland 596 241 12,599 5,099 Productive reserved 141 57 -- a Other forest land: Unproductive reserved 51 21 -- -- Unproductive nonreserved 16,706 6,761 268 ,654 108,721 Total forest land 17,494 7,080 281,253 113,820 Nonforest land 73,006 29,544 440,272 78) nz Total land area 90,500 36,624 7215525 291,992 Table 5.--Area of commercial timberland in Santa Fe County by forest type, stand-stze class, and stte class, State owned, 1975 Forest type and : Site ‘class >, Total stand-size class : 165+ : 120-164 : 85-119 : 50-84 : 20-49 : acres ------- ee ee Aeres - ----+-+--+---- Douglas-fir: Sawtimber -- -- ae = 38 38 Poletimber -- = Sa _ we oa Sapling and seedling -- -- = ie — oo Nonstocked -- = me ae as ae Total -- -- -- -- 38 38 Ponderosa pine: Sawtimber -- -- -- 26 112, 138 Poletimber == —— = ate = = Sapling and seedling -- -- —— = 48 48 Nonstocked -- == aes _ a as Total -- -- -- 26 160 186 Pinyon-juniper: Sawtimber -- -- -- -- 154 154 Poletimber -- -- -- -- 78 78 Sapling and seedling -- -- -- -- 76 76 Nonstocked -- -- -- -- 64 64 Total -- -- -- -- S72 S42 All types: Sawtimber -- -- -- 26 304 330 Poletimber -- -- -- -- 78 78 Sapling and seedling -- -- -- -- 124 124 Nonstocked -- -- -- -- 64 64 Total -- -- -- 26 570 596 Table 6.--Area of commercial timberland tn Santa Fe County by forest type, stand-size class, and stte class, private owned, 1975 Forest type and : Site class stand-size class _ |) 165+) 3) 120-164 2 85=119 = 50-84 Douglas-fir: Sawtimber -- == = 243 Poletimber -- -- = a Sapling and seedling -- -- = = Nonstocked -- -- = _ Total -- -- ze 243 Ponderosa pine: Sawtimber -- -- -- I heal Poletimber -- = oe a2 Sapling and seedling -- -- == = Nonstocked -- 56 = as Total =< = _ W131 White fir: Sawtimber -- == = ae Poletimber -- se as aS Sapling and seedling -- = as i Nonstocked a ae = a Total =—— ae = eS Pinyon-juniper: Sawtimber -- -- -- 123 Poletimber == — a ce Sapling and seedling -- -- = - Nonstocked =e = oes =e Total -- -- -- 123 Mixed hardwoods: Sawtimber == — = ae Poletimber =< ac —_ =e Sapling and seedling -- == — =e Nonstocked == He == as Total = Sc = am PL aty pes Sawtimber -- Ss == 1,497 Poletimber -- -- — ae Sapling and seedling -- -- -- = Nonstocked -- -- == = Total a one - 1,497 11 Total acres Table 7.--Area of commercial timberland in Santa Fe County by forest type, stand-size class, and stte class, summary--State and private, 1975 Forest type and stand-size class Douglas-fir: Sawtimber Poletimber Sapling and seedling Nonstocked Total Ponderosa pine: Sawtimber Poletimber Sapling and seedling Nonstocked Total White fir: Sawtimber Poletimber Sapling and seedling Nonstocked Total Pinyon-juniper: Sawtimber Poletimber Sapling and seedling Nonstocked Total Mixed hardwoods: Sawtimber Poletimber Sapling and seedling Nonstocked Total All types: Sawtimber Poletimber Sapling and seedling Nonstocked Total Site class ; 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Table 23.--Annual mortality of growing stock and sawtimber on commerctal timberland in Santa Fe County by cause of death and spectes; State and private, 1975 Species Cause of death : Ponderosa pine All species GROWING STOCK ---------- Cubte feet - --------- Insects -- -- Disease -- -- Fire -- -- Animal -- -- Weather 1,673 1,673 Suppression -- -- Unknown 9,583 9,583 Logging -- -- Total 11;,256 115256 GROWING STOCK ---------- Cubte meters - - ------ - Insects -- -- Disease ae ae Fire -- -- Animal ae = Weather 47 47 Suppression — = Unknown 272 27.2 Logging -- -- Total S19 319 SAWTIMBER - - - Board feet, International 1/4-ineh rule - - - Insects -- -- Disease -- -- Fire -- -- Animal -- -- Weather oat es By 9 7k7 Suppression -- -- Unknown 55,615 55,815 Logging eee = Total 6555352 65,952 24 S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1979-C-677-121/124 Shupe, Dorothy G., and Michael K. Barrett. 1980. Forest area and timber resource statistics for Santa Fe County, New Mexico, 1975. USDA For. Serv. Resour. Bull. INT-16, 24 p. Intermt. For. and Range Exp. Stn., Ogden, Utah 84401. Presents land area, commercial timberland area, timber inventory, and growth and mortality data based on Resources Evaluation standards. KEYWORDS: forest surveys (regional), forest area classifica- tion, stand volume. Shupe, Dorothy G., and Michael K. Barrett. 1980. Forest area and timber resource statistics for Santa Fe County, New Mexico, 1975. USDA For. Serv. Resour. Bull. INT-16, 24 p. Intermt. For. and Range Exp. Stn., Ogden, Utah 84401. Presents land area, commercial timberland area, timber inventory, and growth and mortality data based on Resources Evaluation standards. KEYWORDS: forest surveys (regional), forest area classifica- tion, stand volume. The Intermountain Station, headquartered in Ogden, Utah, is one of eight regional experiment stations charged with providing scientific knowledge to help resource managers meet human needs and protect forest and range ecosystems. The Intermountain Station includes the States of Montana, Idaho, Utah, Nevada, and western Wyoming. About 231 million acres, or 85 percent, of the land area in the Station territory are classified as forest and rangeland. These lands include grasslands, deserts, shrublands, alpine areas, and well-stocked forests. They supply fiber for forest in- dustries; minerals for energy and industrial development; and water for domestic and industrial consumption. They also’ i providerrecreation opportunities for millions of visitors each © year. ait i, Field programs and research work units of the Station are maintained in: if Boise, Idaho Bozeman, Montana (in cooperation with Montana - State University) “Logan, Utah (in cooperation with Utah State University) Missoula, Montana (in cooperation with the University of Montana) Moscow, Idaho (in cooperation with the Univer- sity of Idaho) Provo, Utah (in cooperation with Brigham Young University) Reno, Nevada (in cooperation with the University of Nevada)