JOHNA.SEAVERNS
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FRA.NK FORRESTER'S
HORSE AND HORSEMANSHIP
UNITED STATES
BRITISH PROVINCES OF NORTH AMERICA.
BY
HENRY WILLIAM HERBEET,
AUTHOK OP
"frank forester's field sports," "fish and fishing," "the complete manual for young sportsmen,"
ETC., etc., etc.
EEVISED, CORRECTED, ENLARGED, AND C0NTINT7ED TO 1871,
BY
S. D. & B. G. BRUCE.
WITH THIRTY ORIGINAL PORTRAITS OF CELEBRATED HORSES.
IN TWO VOLUMES. VOL. L
NEW YORK: GEO. E. WOODWARD, PUBLISHER,
191 B R O A. 13 "VT" A. -5^- -
1871.
lintered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1857, by
STRINGER & TOWNSEKD.
In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Sou. hem District of
New Yorlj.
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1871, hy
GEO. E. WOODWARD,
In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington.
PUBLISHER'S PREFACE.
"TpOUETEEN" years have elapsed since the publication of the -^ first edition of this work, during whicli time it has been an acknowledged standard authority.
The demand for a revised edition, with the history and records of recent noted horses, has induced the publisher to spare no ex- pense to increase its well-earned reputation.
The editorial work lias been thoroughly well done by Messrs, S. D. and B. G. Beuce, tlie Vt'-ell-known editors of the Turf, Field, and Farm. Pedigrees, performances and importations of botli thor- oughbred and trotting horses have been revised and continued to date, and complete histories and performances furnished of Asteroid, Kentucky, Dexter, Lady Thorne, Goldsmith Maid, Thorucdalc, Ba- shaw, Jr., Eysdyk's Hambletonian, Ericsson, Edward Everett, Young Morrill, and Imported Leamington. Twelve new steel engraved portraits of the most famous representative horses have been added, making thirty in all.
Thanks are due to P. C. Kellogg, Esq., for valuable assist- ance kindly rendered ; to A. J. Alexander, Esq., Messrs. S. D. and B. G. Bruce, E. W. Cameron, Esq., Major L. Tilburn, Eobert Bon- ner, Esq., Edmund Thorne, Esq., S. H. Perkins, Esq., Hon. K. C. Barker, and G. H. Andrews, Esq., for original portraits of horses, from which engravings have beeu made.
New Yokk, Felrua^y, 1S71.
INTRODUCTION.
It is a matter worthy of note, that in a country which, perhaps, exceeds any other in the civilized world, in the general appre- ciation, and general nse, among all classes of citizens, and in all districts of the land, of that noble animal. The Hoese, there is no American standard work on the subject.
With a strain of thorough-blood, derived undoubtedly from the best stock of the mother country, but now entirely acclimated, and in some degree altered or modified by climature and breed, and trained under different auspices, subject to widely-different diseases, the consequence of different temperatures and treat- ment, and run under different conditions of time, weight, and distance — in a word, educated, used and handled under circum- stances wholly variant — we have been contented, hitherto, to depend absolutely on English authorities.
"We have no history of the Turf of America, unless such as may be gleaned from the chance notices of daily journals, or the statistical information to be culled from the dry details of the Stud Book and Turf Register, or from reference to the spirited and glowing race records of " The Spirit of the Times."
With an entirely new application of the j)owers of the Horse in trotting and pacing, as practised exclusively in North Amer- ica, producing a class or caste — I cannot consistently term it
6 INTKODUCTION.
strain or breed, since it does not appear that blood has much, if any thing, to do with the matter — of animals, in all respects dis- tinct from any other in the known world, of surpassing capabil- ities of both speed and endurance, not known, not understood, not producible — one might say — by existing systems, in any other country, we have no native account of the plan by which these unrivalled creatures are formed, their powers developed, their speed elicited — scarcely even have we an authentic and standard account of the animals themselves, their performances, or their pedigree, to which one may refer with confidence.
"With half a dozen, at the least, of distinct races of native American Horses, probably, in the first instance, the result of chance combinations of old, well-known and established foreign breeds, which have now been improved and rendered standard, as perfect native stock, transmitting their qualities both of form and capacity unmixed from sire to son, we have no work fully recognizing the existence of such races, much less analyzing their blood and describing their points and character. On the contrary, while the Conestoga horse, the Canadian, the Indian pony of the North, the Indian mustang of the South, the ]SIor- man horse of the ITorth-eastern British Provinces, the pacer — probably of ISTarraganset origin — and the general working, or farm horse, of tlie Midland States, have no chronicler, we go on importing and studying elaborate treatises on the English hack- ney, the English cart-horse, the English dray-horse, the Suffolk Punch, the Cleveland Bay, the Galloway, the Shetland pony, and I knoAV not what else ; when it is notorious to every horse- man in the land, that not one of these varieties do exist — ever did exist — except in the case of individual importations — or, if they did exist, would be of any value or utility in North America.
In the like manner, we have hitherto contented ourselves, solely, with English manuals, even when in practice we do
INTKODUCTION. 7
not adopt their methods, or adhere to their instructions ; and when, it is notorious, that the whole systems of stable management, of field management, of turf-handling and road- handling, as practised in England, — owing to the discrepancies of climate and the different requirements made on the speed and endurance of the animals — must be subjected to many modifications and changes before they can be perfectly adapted to the horse in the United States of America.
Thus we hare Nimrod, on "Summering Hunters;" Nimrod, on "Condition;" INimrod, on the "Road and the Turf;" beside " Craven," and " Cecil," and " Harry Hieover." all admirable writers on the subjects which they treat ; viz. the natural or artificial adaptation of English animals to the uses of British field sports and the requirements of British sportsmen, but not only unversed in things as they exist, or as they are required to exist, on this side of the Atlantic ; but actually un- suited — by their too thorough acquaintance with and adherence to the state of matters there — for understanding or apiDreciating the altered condition of the same matters here.
I do not intend these remarks to apply to scientific works on the pathology, physiology, or special diseases of the horse, by competent veterinary surgeons, such as Youatt on the Horse, or Spooner's or Morton's treatises on specialities, or the many admirable essays on shoeing, bitting, breaking, the manege, &c. ; which treating of subjects natural to and co-existent with the liorse, wherever he exists, are, with some small modifica- tions, invariably applicable, and cannot be too much or too closely studied by all the lovers of the horse and horsemanship, in whatever region of the habitable world they may chance to be thrown.
Again, in a country like this, where the use and employment of the horse, not only for labor and service, but for pleasure, for exercise, for sport, is not restricted to any one or two classes of
6 INTKODUCTION.
men, but is general to tlie whole people, so that the small farmer, the smart mechanic, the butcher, the drover, or tlie grocer at the corner, is just as likely to own his fast nag, that can go his mile low down in the thirties, and to persist in keep- ing him for his own delectation, in spite of bids high up toward the thousand, as any millionaire in the cities — it is remarkable, that so little should be known, or sought to be known, concern- ing the thorough breaking, bitting, and managing of the horse, v.-hether for the saddle or for draught, as it is here.
Horsemanship, also, though it be so general, that it might almost be called universal, is at a lamentably low stage in the northern and middle States of the Union.
I am aware that this is an unpopular and will be found an impalatable statement, in general ; but nevertheless, it is a true one, and I do not seek for popularity for myself or my book, at the expense of truth.
It would seem, for the most part, that the dealer and the owner alike, consider that all has been done that can be done, or that it is desirable to have done, when it is demonstrated that the animal can go so fast — possibly at some almost incredible rate — and so long — perhaps, almost beyond all records of horse endurance — without the slightest reference to the how, in style, in form of going, in ease or hardship to the rider or driver — every thing in a word in the re, nothing in the modo.
I should scarcely say too much, were I to say, that however admirable the qualities of horses offered for sale in America, whatever their natural style, action, or adaptation for the saddle, or harness, the buyer does not meet one in one hundred, which has received the slightest artificial education, which has the rudiment of a mouth, that sine qua non in a finished animal, the smallest knowledge of paces — even to setting off with the right leg in the canter — or the least idea of carrying its crest up, its chin to its chest, or its haunches under it
INTRODUCTION. V
In like manner, of riders — if lie can pound liis beast along, getting tlie best possible time out of him, laying himself back in his stirrujDS, and hanging on by the reins, steadied by the eternal running martingale, and bearing with a dead pull on the snaffle bit, the horseman esteems himself, and is esteemed by his con- federates and admirers, perfect in the art of equitation.
Yet, put him on a neatly broken horse, with a spirit that will fire as quickly as gunpowder to the flash, with a mouth of velvet, obedient to the weight of a feather — put him on such a horse, with a sliarp curb, and no martingale or cavesson where by to hang on, and ten to one his horse will jump from under him at the first capriole or soubresault ; at all events, he will sit him much as the miller's meal-bag sits on the mill-jade.
In a word, I mean that out of a thousand riders in North America, there are not five whose seat on the horse is so inde- pendent of their hold on the bridle, that they can sit their horse with their hands akimbo, and the bridle-rein in their teeth ; and if the seat be not so independent of the hand, the hand can- not be independent of the seat.
In other words, if the rider, more or less, rectifies and retains his seat on the horse's back by his pull on the horse's mouth, the horse's motions, which are and must be regulated by his mouth, will be subject to, and guided by, the rider's seat; not, as they ought to be, by the rider's hand.
No man can be a fine rider who has not a fine hand — no man can have a fine hand, whose seat is not entirely independ- ent of his hand ; so that the latter can play like a steel spring, giving and returning equally, in whatever position of the horse's or rider's body.
Consequently, no rider, however excellent in any one style of riding, can be called a good or finished rider. To be a per- fect rider, one must have ridden, and be able, more or less, to ride in every conceivable style of legitimate riding — I do not
10 ESTTKODUCTION.
mean posturing or circus-riding ! Posturers and circus-riderS; are rarely, or never, good riders !
One must have known horses under him, in almost every conceivable position — rearing, plunging, kicking, terrified, frantic, falling and even fallen, most of all perfectly managed, fine-mouthed and high-mettled — and be able to control them all, before he may call himself a horseman,
Now in America, never has there been any standard book published, pretending to set forward even the commonest rules of stable management, bitting, breaking and mouthing young horses, or even of riding them, when broken, Nor in England has there been any such, since the old days of the manege^ now I regret to say, obsolete — I regret to say it, because although too formal, and savoring too much of ancien regime and precision, it has yet much that is most valuable, nay, essential ; unless it be a few late volumes on cavalry tactics, or cross-country riding, and a few works on the stable.
It is this void which I hope and propose to fill, Tlie book, which I have now the honor to lay before the public, is almost entirely American in its details, and will, I trust, answer its purpose, as what it is intended to be, a thorough and general compendium of all that which most ought to be known, and which will be most useful to the American horsekeeper.
In the compass of two volumes it cannot be expected that I should offer, as I do not pretend to offer, a complete History of the Turf, or of the Trotting Course ; but I hope it will be found, that I have seized the salient and distinctive points of both, as regards this almost boundless country, and presented them in such a form as will not only prove entertaining, but useful.
To make a man a rider or a driver, by any written precepts, is not within the range of possibilities ; much less do I aspire to give to the horse-owner a work on the veterinarian science, which shall in itself suffice.
INTRODUCTION. 11
One is no more expected to be able to treat intricate and dangerous diseases of his liorse, than he is to shoe him, fire him, or cut him up for the kennel, when in the course of lime he may chance to die. Any man I should hold an ass, who, his valuable animal being decidedly ailing, would not send for the best far- rier within his reach ; therefore, and in one word, I beg to state that this work is meant only to assist the horseman ; not to supersede, in two volumes, however full of matter, what can scarcely be contained in half a library.
Such as it is, in a word, I intend it to be, and I hope it is, thorough / and, as such, I have the pleasure to offer it to my friends and the public — if, which I trust is not the case, I am not bound to make a distinction between them.
The First Volume will be found to contain a brief history, with some account of the natural history, of the horse ; a history of the English, and of the American, thoroughbred horse ; some accounts of the original thoroughbred stock of different States and regions of the United States ; memoirs and descriptions of several of the most distinguished racers of the United States, with full and original accounts of their most remarkable races ; essays on the breeding of the thoroughbred horse ; estimates and views, both English and American, of the comparative qualities of the English and American race-horse ; essays on the points of the thoroughbred horse for racing purposes, and on the true utility of the thoroughbred horse ; a list, as complete as could be furnished, from the available means of information, ol the thoroughbred stallions and mares imported to this country, from the earliest date to the close of the year 1856 ; a set of tables, carefully compiled, showing the comparative number of winners, with their comparative performances, respectively got by native and imported stallions, within the last twenty-seven years ; and a summary of the results to be deduced from those tables.
12 INTRODUCTION.
For the assistance I have received from every person — with one distinguished exception, to which I shall not refer — to whom. I have presumed to apply for advice and information, with no farther excuse for my intrusion than the freemasonry which exists between all lovers of the horse, and the importance of my subject, I should be, indeed, ungracious and unmindful did not 1 record my sincere gratitude ; and I trust I shall be par doned if I take the liberty to name those gentlemen to whom 1 owe especial thankfulness, and without whose kindly aid I should vainly have endeavored to accomplish my task, for want of the materials, which they have most liberally fur- nished.
To Mr. J. Prescott Hall, of Newport, E. I., and to Dr. Sayre, of New York, for the use of their own valuable libraries, and for that of the late Charles Henry Hall, enriched with his valu- able MS. notes, and those of that distinguished turfman, the late Cadwallader K. Golden, I gratefully acknowledge my indebtedness. To Governor King, of New York ; to Mr. Wil- liam Williams, of Tennessee ; to Mr. David W. Jones, of Cold Spring Harbor, L. I. ; to Mr. Tayloe, of Washington City ; to Mr. Miliken, of Charleston, S. C, I have to return my thanks for valuable written communications, and much information, otherwise unattainable. To Dr. Sayre, to that late distinguished patron of all that is most manly in manhood, Mr. John C. Stevens, and to Mr. Ten Broeck, I am deeply indebted for their loan of, and permission to engrave, the original portraits of those noble animals. Sir Archy, Eclipse, Black Maria, and Pryor ; and to the owners of animals generally, for their readiness to allow portraits to be made, or photographs to be taken, for the use of this work.
The likenesses of Glencoe, given both as a type of the En- glish thoroughbred of the present day, and as a portrait of one pf the most successful of recently imported stallions, of Boston,
INTKODUCTION. 13
and of Lexington, are taken from engravings, with the consent of their owners, Messrs. Richards, of the Spirit of the Times ; Mr. Currier, of 'New York, and Mr. Ackerman, of London. That of Fashion, with her foal, is from an ambrotype, for which I am indebted to the courtesy of Mr. Reber, her present owner, there not existing any satisfactory portrait of her in oils. A new feature of this first volume, is ten complete genealogical tables, tracing back their blood to the most remote sources, of seven of the most celebrated English horses to which our American stock are chiefly referable, and of three, the champions of the Ameri- can Turf.
The Second Yolume, perhaps, of broader interest, will be found to contain accounts of the general horse stock of America ; the horse stock of the various States ; the various distinct families, as the Conestoga; the Canadian; the ISTarragansett pacer ; the Yermont draught-horse ; the Lidian i^ony ; a disser- tation on the Morgan horse ; on the trotting horse ; a compen- dious history of the trotting turf from its commencement, in the year 1818, to the close of the year 1856, with memoirs, pedi- grees, descriptions and performances of the most distinguished animals ; lists of famous trotters ; time tables ; essays on breed- ing ; breaking ; horsemanship ; field, stable, and road manage- ment ; on stabling, with views, plans, and estimates ; on shoe- ing ; and on the diseases of the liorse — the volume concluding with the rules of the leading Jockey Clubs and trotting courses of the United States.
In the literary portion of this volume 1 have been aided by contributions from Mr. S. D. Harris, of the Ohio Cultivator ; ot Mr. Joshua Clements, of Dayton, Ohio ; Mr. John Strohm, ot Lancaster Co., Ohio ; Mr. A. Y. Moore, of Schoolcraft ; Mr. W. G. H. Pelton, of Grand Rapids ; Mr. E. Adams, of Adrian ; Mr. Chas. A. Jeffries, of Dexter ; a correspondent, whose name is unfortunately lost, from Ypsilanti, Michigan ; and from Mr.
14 INTRODUCTION.
J. H. Wcallace, of the Iowa Agricultural Society ; to all of whom I return sincere thanks.
For the use of the engravings of the double team match, of Mora Temple and of Pocahontas, I record my obligation to Mr. N. Currier, of New York ; for the use of that of Lady Suffolk, to Mr. G. ^Y. Lewis ; and for that of Young Black Hawk, to his owner, Mr. Yernol, of New York. The likeness of Ethan Allen is executed from an original, painted expressly for this work, by Mr. Attwood, with the consent of his owner, Mr. Iloe, of Vermont. The woodcuts of the Vermont draught-horse and the Conestoga, are from photographs of two noble animals, in the possession of Messrs. Adams & Co.'s Express Company, New York ; and that of St. Lawrence, from a photograph be- longing to the proprietors of " Porter's Spirit." To each and all of which gentlemen I beg to renew my acknowledgments for their courtesy and the accommodation they have afforded me ; and now, before throwing myself on the candid and liberal construction of my friends and the public, I have only to record my sense of the valuable cooperation of my friend Mr. Philip H. Anthon, in compiling the statistical tables, and of Messrs. Capewell and. Kimmell, the brilliant and artistical engravers — to whom my publishers have wisely entrusted much of their finest and most difficult work — in their execution of the plates, which add so much to the intrinsic value and beauty of my work.
Trusting that my labors may not disappoint expectation, and conscious that if they do so, it will be owing to the magnitude and difiiculty of the task, not to any want of industry or research on my part. I commend myself to my readers, as ever Their faithful and obliged,
Henky Wm. Herbert. The Cedaes, July 1, 1857.
LIST OF AUTHOEITIES
COXSIJLTED AND USED IN THE PREPARATION OF THIS WORK.
The Old Testamext. Xexophon be ee Equestei, Flint.
QULNTUS CtJETIU3.
A New Method and Exteaoedinaey Invention to Deess Hoeses, by
the Maequis of IN'ewcastle. Teeatlse on Hoesemanship, by Philip Eael of Pembeoke. Beeengee's Hoesemanship. Adams's Hoesemanship.
Yotjatt on the Hoese. ^
"Wintee on the Hoese. "White's Histoey of the Beitish Tuef. Pick's Tuef Eegistee, Weatheebt's Tuef Registee to 1845. English Spoeting Magazine. Annals of Spoeting. Skinnee's Tuef Registee.
Poetee's Tuef Registee and Spoetlng Magazine. J. RicHAEDs's Tuef Registee. Cadwalladee Colden's Spoeting Magazine. The Spieit of the Times. The Ameeican Faemeb. Skinnee's Stud Book. Edgae's Ameeican Stud Book.
Miliken's Histoey of the Tuef of South Caeolina. The Ohio Cui,tivatoe.
16 LIST OF AUTHOKITIES.
Thb Horse, bt Youatt and Cecil.
Stable Talk and Table Talk, by Haert IIiboveb.
Practical HoRSEMAxsnip, by Harry Hieoter.
The Pocket and the Stud.
The Hunting Field.
Hints to Horsemen.
The Stud for Practical Purposes.
Practical Horsemanship.
Baucher's System of Equitation.
Stewart's Stable Economy.
The Modern Horse Doctor. Dr. Dadd.
Mason's Farrier.
"White's Farriery
Miles on Shoeing.
Nemrod on Summering Hunters.
British Eural Sports, by Stonehenge.
Updike's History of the Naeragansett Ohuroh.
American Journal of Agriculture.
Encyclopaedia Britannioa.
Knight's Penny Cyclopedia.
Linsley on the Morgan Horse.
Traite d'Anatomie Comparatif.
Traite de Physiologie Comparatif.
"Walsh's Manual of Domestic Economy.
CONSULTED BY EDITORS OF REVISED EDITION.
English Racing Calendab from 1751 to 1869.
The American Turf Registek from 1830 to 1844.
American Racing Calendar from 1845 to 1860.
English Stud Book, Eleven Volumes.
BruiJes' Stud Book.
Wallace's American Stud Book.
The American, Franklin & Kentucky Farmers, Etc., Etc,
ILLUSTRATIONS TO VOL. I.
ENGRAVINGS ON STEEL.
Vignette Title, designed by F. 0. C. Darley, engraved by R. Hinshelwood.
|
Painted by |
Engraved by |
Page |
||
|
GLENCOE, . |
. c. |
nANCOCK, . |
J. C. BUTTRE, |
74 |
|
SIR ARCHY, . |
. A. |
FISHER, |
CAPEWELL & KIMMELL, |
123 |
|
ECLIPSE, |
. A. |
PISriER, |
CAPEWELL & KIMMEIX,, |
154 |
|
BLACK MARIA, |
. E. |
troye, |
CAPEWELL & KIMMELL, |
242 |
|
FASHION, . |
. V. |
M. GI5ISW0LD, |
R. niNSHELWOOD, |
302 |
|
PRYOR, . |
. n |
DE LA'ITRE, |
R. HENSIIELWOOU, |
330 |
|
LEXINGTON, |
. L. |
MAURER, |
. J. DCTIIIE, . |
452 |
|
ASTEROID, . |
. E. |
TROYE, |
T. PniLLIBROWX, . |
300 |
|
KENTUCKY, . |
. E. |
TROYE, |
T. PHILLIBROWN, . |
37G |
|
LEAMINGTON, |
. J. |
PAUL, . |
"W. n. DOUGAN, . |
412 |
|
BOSTON, |
. n. |
DE LATTRE, |
CAPEWELL & KIMMELL, |
490 |
ENGRAVINGS ON WOOD. executed by n. orr.
Skeleton op the Horse, 55
Points op tbe Horse. Illustrated by Elis, 50
Foal's Teeth, 61
Two-Month Mouth 62
Yearling Mouth, 63
18 LIST OF ILLTJSTKA.TIONS.
Page 63
Section of Grinder,
Two-Year-Old Mouti
Three-Year-Old MouTn, ^'^
66
67
Two-Year-Old Mouth, ^^
Four-Year-old Mouth, ^^
Five-Year-Old Mouth,
fift Six-Year-Old Mouth,
Seven- Year-Old Mouth, ^^
Aged Mouth,
CONTENTS OF VOL. I.
Page
The Horse, his Origin, Native Land, History, and Natural Historj', . . 21
History of the English Blood Horse, 74
History of the American Horse, 108
History of the American Blood Horse, 122
History of the Blood Horse in Tennessee, 140
History of the Blood Horse in New York, 149
Pedigrees, Performances and Anecdotes of Famous American Eacers of
the Modern Day, 156
Memoir of Sir Archy, 171
Memoir of Diomed, sire of Sir Archy and Duroc, 175
Memoir of American Eclipse, 178
Great Match Race between Eclipse and Sir Henry, 183
Pedigree and Performances of Ariel, 195
Ariel and Flirtilla Eace, 202
Pedigree, Characteristics and Performances of Black Maria, . . . 233
Pedigree, Performances and Characteristics of Wagner and Grey Eagle, . 251
Wagner and Grey Eagle's Eaces, 253
Pedigree, Characteristics and Performances of Boston, .... 270
Pedigreo, Characteristics and Performances of Fashion, .... 284
Eace of Boston and Fashion, 280
Pedigree, Characteristics and Performances of Lexington, .... 303
Pedigree, Characteristics and Performances of Lecomte, .... 312
The Great Contest of Lexington and Lecomte, 317
The Great Match against Time — Lexington, 323
The Great Race at New Orleans between Lexington and Lecomte, . . 333
Pedigree, Characteristics and Performances of Arrow, .... 342
Pedigree, Characteristics and Performances of Pryor, .... 351
Pryor and Lecomte, 354
Asteroid, ............. 359
Kentucky, 374
20 CONTENTS.
Page
Inauguration Meeting of New York Jockey Club, 383
Kentucky against Time, 403
Imported Leamington, 546
Comparative Estimate of American and British Racers, .... 419
English and American Views, 444
Comparisons of Speed, 447
Best American and English Horses, 451
The Thoroughbred Eace-Horse, 454
Best Four-mile Heat Races, 463
To Ipsus of England, by Observer, 469
The Racing at New Orleans, by Observer, 471
The True Utility of the Thoroughbred Race-Horse, 476
Essential Points in the Thoroughbred Horse, 490
Observations on Imported Stallions, 500
List of Stallions Imported from England, 507
List of Imported Mares and Fillies, = . 583
LIST OF PEDIGREES.
I.— English Eclipse, 74
II.— DiOMED, 129
III.— Castl^niea, 137
IV. — Leviathan, 548
v.— Pkiam, 560
VI. — Glencoe, 538
VII.— Trustee, 578
VIII. — American Eclipse, 150
IX.— Boston 276
X.— Fashion, 284
THE HORSE;
HIS ORIGIN, NATIVE LAND, HISTORY, AND NATURAL HISTORY.
In seeking to ascertain the especial land to which this, the no- blest animal subject to the empire of man, is indigenous, the nation which may claim the honor of his domestication, and the period at which he was first brought into general use, for pur- poses of war, of pomp and of pleasure, we must have recourse, in the first instance, to Holy Writ, as the most ancient and best authenticated of existing histories.
By reference to the Sacred Volume, we find that although the ass, an inferior member of the equine family, was early in use among the children of Israel, the horse was unknown to them, until after the commencement of their sojourn in the land of Egypt. And there is strong evidence on which to assume, that it was not until after their arrival in that country, that he was there brought into subjection, if indeed he previously ex- isted therein.
It is difficult, however, to believe that any other than Egypt, or, at least, Africa, was his birthplace ; for it is clear that Ara- bia, which many have supposed to be the native liome of the horse, and which has done more than any other region in the world to improve the race, by the admixture of its superior strain of blood, did not originally possess the animal ; nor, in- deed, until, comparatively speaking, a recent date ; while his introduction into Greece, and thence into those regions of Europe and Asia wherein he is now found, either wild, or in a domesti- cated condition, may be traced to a transmarine, and probably Egyptian, som-ce.
22 THE nORSE.
In the liistory of Abraham, we find frequent mention of the ass nsed as a saddle-beast, of tlie camel as an animal of bnr- then, of flocks and herds, sheep and oxen ; bnt the name of the horse does not appear, until we descend to the days of Joseph.
It is worthy of remark, moreover, that, on two occasions, the former patriarch received costly presents from two forei<^n potentates, Abimelech, prince of Gerar, on the northern fron- tier of Arabia Petrsea, and Pharaoh, king of Eg^^pt, one of that dynasty known as the Shepherd kings, both of whom gave him sheep and oxen, and man-servants and maid-servants, to which the latter added he-asses and she-asses and camels ; and this fact, when the constant mention, at a later period, of horses given as presents between oriental potentates is taken into con- sideration, may be assumed as a proof that they were not as yet in general use, if known, in either of those countries.
In the reign of that Pharaoh, however, whom Joseph served, we find that, by the king's command, wagons were sent into the land of Canaan, to bring Jacob and his sons, their wives and their little ones, during the famine against which the min- ister had provisioned his adopted nation, into the country of abundance. It is not, indeed, exactly stated that these wagons were drawn by horses ; bat, when it is observed that, dui-ing this very famine of seven years, which ensued on their entrance into Egyj^t, horses are first mentioned, as articles which Joseph took in exchange for bread from the Egyptian cultivators and cattle-breeders — that, on the death of Jacob, his funeral was attended by '' both chariots and horsemen " — and, lastly, that we know, from the writings of Homer, and from the ancient sculptures of Persepolis and Nineveh, the application of the horse to purposes of draught to have been prior to his being ridden, we may, I think, fairly conclude that such was the case.
From this time, the adoption of the horse, for purposes of battle, appears to have been extremely rapid. For we find that, at the Exodus, generally conceived to have been in the reign of Pamses Y., the last of the Eighteenth Dynasty, or 1500 years before the Christian Era, the pursuing army contained " six hundred chosen chariots, and all the chariots of Egypt," and all the horsemen. Farther, when the Israelites returned into
FIEST rSED IN EGYPT. 23
Canaan, the country lying between the Istlmnis of Suez and tlia ridges of Lebanon, the horse had ah-eady been naturahzed in that region ; inasmuch as the Canaanites " Avent out to fight against Israel, with horses and chariots very many."
From tliese considerations, and from the fact that, so late as 600 years after this date, Arabia had still no horses, — as it seems certain, since, while Solomon imported from Arabia, silver and gold and spices, it was from Egypt, only, that he procured horses for his own cavalry and that of the allied kings of Phoenicia, — I conclude that it was no others than those very Sliepherd kings of Egypt, described as a dynasty of invading conquerors of a stranger race, termed the JIt/csos, whose origin is unknown, who introduced the horse into Lower Egypt ; and that, after this j^e- riod, that country became the principal breeding district and emporium of that noble animal.
It may be that these Ilycsos were intruders from the eastern portion of Abyssinia, bordering on Upper Egypt, where there still exists, in the kingdoms of Dongola and Sennaar, a very superior breed of Barbs ; and that it w\as thence that they in- troduced the horse into Egypt, which assuredly does not j^ossess such extensive tracts of native j^asture, or meadow lands, as alone are adapted to the existence of this animal in a state of nature and of freedom.
In Greece, the beautiful fable, that the horse sprang from the earth under the impulse of the trident of Neptune, the most puissant, if not the most potent, of the gods, as the em- blem of strength and warfare, seems intended to adumbrate a belief of the Hellenes that the animal came from beyond the sea.
We have, however, clearer evidence of the method of his introduction, in the universal tradition that the Thessalians, who were, from first to last, the best and most expert horsemen in Greece, as well as the Athenians, from whose sacred soil the horse is said to have sprung at the summoning of the sea-god, and the settlers of the Argolis, were all colonists from EgyjDt.
Here, then, in Europe, on the great fertile plains of Thessaly and Thrace, the boundless reedy meadows on the banks of the Danube, and thence away to the illimitable horse-pastures of the Ukraine, and the banks of the Dnieper and the Don, the horse was unquestionably first introduced, and propagated both
24: THE IIOESE.
as the best and noblest servant of men, and in a state of inde pendent liberty.
In Media and Persia, tlie horse increased rapidly ; and, from a very early date, the nionarchs of those countries and of As- syria employed a conntless cavalry, with scythed chariots, as the most efficient, perhaps even the most numerous, arm of their services.
" There is a curious record," says Mr. Youatt, in his admi- rable work on the horse, to whom I take tliis occasion of ren- dering my acknowledgments for the great assistance I have received from his pages, " of the commerce of different coun- tries at the close of the second century. Among the articles exported from Egypt to Arabia, particularly as presents to reigning monarchs, were horses." " In the fourth century," he continues, " two hundred Cappadocian horses were sent by the Koman emperor, as the most acceptable present he could offer to a powerful prince of Arabia."
" So late as the seventh century, the Arabs had few horses, and those of little value. These circumstances sufficiently prove, that however superior may be the present breed, it is comparatively lately that the horse was natui-alizcd in Arabia."
In proof of the last assertion, he proceeds to state that, " in the seventh century after Christ, when Mahomet attacked the Koreisli near Mecca, he had but two horses in his whole army ; and at the close of his murderous campaign, although he drove off twenty-four thousand camels and forty thousand sheej), and carried away twenty-four thousand ounces of silver, not one horse appears in the list of plunder."
From all the above data, it is sufficiently evident that the liorse was gradually introduced into Arabia and the adjacent or adjoining Asiatic countries, the latter the more rapidly, from Egypt. And that from the same stock is derived the whole race in all the south-eastern portion of Europe.
Egypt is not — as it has already been observed — a favorable country, in any respect, for horse-breeding ; still less for the oriofinal existence of the animal in a state of nature. Whence, therefore, he was first introduced into tliat kingdom is still in some sort a mystery; though there is, I think, enough of indi- rect testimony to satisfy any unprejudiced mind, that lie was
WILD HORSES. 25
an original native of the soil of Africa, to which alone liis congeners, the Zebra, and the Qnagga, are indigenons, althongh the wild ass and the domestic species are probably of Asiatic origin.
Of all the wild races now existing in Europe, Asia, or Ame- rica, if any do still exist in the former division, it is, however, 60 nearly snsceptible of actual proof that no one is really indi- genons, tliat we may safely hold it an established fact.
The Tartarian breed, wliich are found wild, in countless hordes, from the neighborhood of the Yolga to the barren and inhospitable steppes of Upper Asia and the northern provinces of China, can be clearly traced to the cavalry horses employed in the siege of Azof, in 1657, which were turned loose for want of forage, and have propagated their species with unex- ampled rapidity ; unless it be equalled by that which has peo- pled all South America and all the sparsely cultivated districts in the south-west of the northern continent, so far east as to the Mississippi, with the descendants, either self-emancipated or voluntarily released, of the Spanish horses, first introduced into the southern continent in 1537.
It is somewhat doubtful to me, whether the horses found in a feral state, in Texas and the Mexican provinces, are not the descendants of chargers . escaped from the romantic expedition of De Soto through those very regions ; rather than of those liberated at the abandonment of Buenos Ayres, or of other escaped or emancipated animals of Spanish breed, from the southward of the Isthmus. Since the intricate, forest-cumbered and brake-entano-led nature of that dark and dangerous bridge between the two portions of the continent, as well as of the adjacent regions both to the north and south of it, is so ill- adapted to an animal like the horse, attached to wide, open plains and prairies, and singularly averse to woody morasses and densely clothed wildernesses, that I cannot readily believe they would voluntarily have involved themselves in those labyrinths of canebrakes, lianas, and mazes of almost impene- trable vegetation, in progress of unmeaning migration toward imknown future habitations.
The question, however, is one of little moment ; for, althougl] some equine fossil remains have been discovered in America,
26 THE nOKSE.
indicating the existence of the horse on this continent, prior to its discovery by Europeans — tliongh. by some nnknown causes it had been rendered extinct, before the date of tlieir arrival — it is indisputable, that in no part of America, insular or conti- nental, nor yet in Australia or any of the isles of the Pacific, have any traces of the horse been discovered, by the first navi- gators, who have visited, or the first colonists who have planted, their virgin shores.
The wild horse of America, therefore, is of undoubted Spanish origin ; and is, to this day, marked by many of the characteristics of that race, which shows, by the fineness of its limbs and the peculiar formation of its head, the large admix- ture it possesses of Moorish and Barbary blood.
It is said, also, that vi^ild herds, descended from casually escaped domestic individual races, have been seen in the woody lowlands of Jamaica and Hayti ; while the Falkland Islands are stocked with considerable troops, released by the French and Spanish colonists ; and one or more small islands, off ISTew- foundland, were peopled by the Government of Canada with the N^orman horse, which has become perfectly naturalized and almost indomitably wild.
In Hungary, until within a sliort space, the horse was still known to exist in the wide, open plains or savannahs, in a state of nature ; in those fierce and fiery squadrons, described by Byron in Mazeppa,
" Wide flowing tail, and flying mane, Wide nostrils — never stretclied by pain — Mouths bloodless to the bit or rein, And feet that iron never shod. And flanlvs unscarred by spur or rod, A thousand horse, the wild, tlie free, Like waves that follow o'er the sea — "
but it is probable they are extinct for ever in Europe, unless some be found on the confines of European and Asiatic Eussia. Whether the animal is yet to be found in a state of nature in Arabia appears questionable ; although it is stated that they still exist, thinly scattered in the deserts, and are hunted by the Bedouins for their flesh, and also to improve their inferior breeds by a different strain of blood. " They are said to bo
PERHAPS INDIGENOUS TO BPJTAIN. 27
swifter even than the domesticated horse, and are nsnally taken by traps set in the sand. Mr. Bruce, however, doubts whether any wild horses are now found in Arabia Deserta." ^'
In Central Africa, however, wild horses still roam untamed, far to the southward of the great desert of Sahara, in the coun- try of Ludamar, where they were seen by Mungo Park in great droves. From that district there extends a range of fertile, well-watered, grassy, and in part wooded countiy, to Kubia and Upper Abyssinia, whence, in my oj^inion, the horse was Jii-st introduced into Egypt, and thence into Arabia, Europe and the East.
Fossil remains of the horse have been discovered, of extreme antiquity, in some of the oldest formations in Great Britain. In the Kirkdale cave, in Yorkshire, the bones of this animal are mingled with those of the elephant, rhinoceros, ox, bison, deer, tiger, hysena, and other beasts of prey ; and from the absence of human remains, as well as from the condition of the bones and the abundance of fossil excrements of the hysena, it is the opinion of Dr. Buckland, that England was not peopled at the period when this remarkable cavity of the earth was filled, and its predatory inhabitants submerged, with the relics of their prey, by the i-ising waters of some local or general inun- dation.
It certainl}^ cannot be regarded as a proof that the English horse is, in any part of its blood, still autochthonous or abori- ginal, that such fossil remains are found there ; any more than it is of the wild horse of the American Pampas or Prairies.
It is, however, observable, that at the period of the first Roman invasion, the horse was domesticated in Britain ; and not only domesticated, but so numerically abundant, that a large portion of the forces, which resisted the invaders, were chariot- eers and cavalry. So much so, that when Cassivelan discharged his tumultuary army, as unable to resist the legions in the field, he retained a picked body of four thousand war chariots, where- with to impede the movements, and cut up the foragers of Caesar.
And this being the first introduction of the British isles intc
* Youatt on the Horse, 11.
28 THE HORSE.
the civilized world, before whicli period no historical, and scarcely even a traditional, record exists, there is some shadow of reason for suspecting, from the frequency of his fossil remains in the islands and his actual domestication there on their first discovery, that the horse may have been originally indigenous to Great Britain.
Just in the same manner, it would have naturally been imag- ined, by the first visitors of this continent, had they found the natives accustomed to the use of horses, that the animal had existed here since the Creation ; and, had their suspicion been corroborated by the subsequent discovery of fossil remains, science Avould have justified the belief.
It is not, however, of the British islands altogether so con- clusive ; since it is possible that the race, whose fossil remains are found in conjunction with those of other extinct, and, per- haps, antediluvian quadrupeds, may also have been extinguished by some natural cause, and re-introduced either from Gaul, or by the Phoenicians, who certainly visited the channel isles in search of tin, before the Koman invasion. Throughout the oriental world, cavalry with the addition of chariots immediately became as decidedly the first arm in all services, as it was at a later date in the days of chivalry ; until cuirass and lance and all the gorgeous paraphernalia of knightly warfare went down, to rise no more, before the rolling Spanish volleys at Pavia.
In Europe, however, with but a few exceptions, the use of the horse in warfare was slowly, and never, it may be said, until ages had elapsed, generally adoj^ted. The Spartans, the Athe- nians, the Thebans. when at the highest of their military great- ness, had but inferior and slender cavalry services. At the battle of Marathon, the allies had no horse wdiatever ; and at Platsea, one year later, although they had a combined force of above 110,000 men in the field, they had not a single squadron of cavalry in their array, even to protect their convoys ; in consequence of which they suffered severely, and were actually in danger of being literally ridden down and trodden underfoot by the desperate charges of the myriads of Persian horse.
On this occasion, however, it is to be observed that the Thebans, the Thessalians, who as yet were not properly Greeks, though of Hellenic race, and the semi-barbarous Thracians,
THE OLYMPIC HORSE-RACES. 29
foii^^lit on the side of the Persian. It is somewhat remarkable that, at this verj^ period, the horse was in the highest favor and repute with all the Greeks ; that no imaginable pains or expense were spared to improve his breed, to arrive at perfection in speed, endurance and condition ; and that chariot-i'acing stood the highest, in point of honor, of all the contests of the Olympic games. For it is so early as the 25th Olympiad, equivalent to the year 680 before the Christian era, that chariot-races were introduced among the Olympian contests, which had then been established ninety-six years, whereas the battle of Plattea was not fought until the second j^ear of the seventy-fifth Olympiad, corresponding to 478 B. C, or nearly two centuries after the introduction of horse-racing, among the Greeks.
To such an extent, moreover, was this display of horse- racing— for of those days it hardly can be termed a sport — • prosecuted, that Alcibiades, the Athenian, who lived at the very date of which we are treating, sent at one time no less than seven four-horse chariots to the Olympic games, three of which obtained prizes ; and that the satirical comedian, Aristophanes, speaks of the horse-breeding mania among the noble youths of Athens, who, like the Iloman equites in later days, took rank in consequence of their serving on horseback at their own charges, as a constant cause of impoverishment and ruin* — precisely as we moderns speak of the ruinous expenses and results of Epsom and Newmarket.
The nature of the country, it is true, both in the Pelopon- nesus and in all Upj)er Greece, southward of the great open plains of Thessaly, being mountainous. Math gorges and ravines, rather than valleys, intervening, is unsuited generally to the horse ; and, in confii'raation of this view of the subject, it may be observed that the Boeotians, who possessed more level land
* In a fine chorus of the 'nnriTs, addressed to Neptune. — See Mitchell's Tr. Lord of the waters, King of might, Whose eyes and ears take stern deUght In neighing steeds and stormy fight
And galleys swift pursuing ; And starting car and chariot gay, And contests on that festive day. When Athens' sprightly youth display Their pride and their undoing.
80 ' THE HOKSE.
than any other of the pure Greek States, also excelled, com- paratively speaking, in their cavalry.
To the same cause, doubtless, must be ascribed the deiiciency or rather total absence of cavalry among the Israelites, a singu- larly brave, warlike and conquering people, who, nevertheless, so totally neglected the horse, for which animal their rocky, precipitous and stony country is especially unsuited, that it Avas not even used among them for purposes of state or show, the ass, on the contrary, being the saddle-animal of their patriarchs, their princes, and their prophets, and the beast, on which the Saviour of the Universe entered the streets of Jerusalem, palm branches strewn beneath his feet, amid Hosannahs, hailing him King of the Jews.*
The first Greek, who seems to have paid particular attention to the horse, on which he wrote an admirable treatise, is Xeno- plion, the celebrated captain of the retreat of the ten thousand, who was, no less deservedly, famous as a horseman and a hunter, than he was as a soldier and a statesman. Of this woi'k I shall have occasion to speak hereafter, when treating of the Greek horse as a special variety.
We have seen thus far, that so late as the early Persian, and, I may add, during the Peloponnesian wars, the cavalry of
* It is well worthy of especial remark, as is observed, I think originally in Mr. Winter's excellent work on the horse, that the attributing the adoption of this animal, on the occasion of the triumphal entry of the Saviour into Jerusalem, " meekly riding on an ass," to humility^ is an error on the part of modern divines, not supported by any fact, but wholly at variance with the ancient and even the present usage of the inhabitants of the Holy Land.
"Asses," he says "were once more highly esteemed in Palestine than horses, for reasons before stated, and people of the first quality there commonly rode on them. Deborah, in her song, describes the great and powerful of Israel by the expression, ' Ye that ride on white asses.' At the present day, a breed of white asses, cele- brated for its excellence, is found near Bussorah. This race is cultivated with the greatest attention, and is supposed by Lieut. Col. Smith to be as ancient as the time of the kings of Judah. Jair of Gilead had thirty sons, who rode upon as many asses, and commanded in thirty cities. Abdon, one of the judges of Israel, had forty sons and thirty grandsons, who rode on seventy asses.
" Moses had previously forbidden the use of horses, on account of their being more unfitted to the country than asses."
This unfitness consists principally in the flexibility of the pastern, flatness of the hoof, and thinness of the horny crust, in the horse, as compared with the upright, rigid, and hard foot of the ass, especially before the use of horse-shoes.
CAVALRY IN GREECE. 31
Greoce was of small numerical use and of inferior consideration, in tlie daj of battle ; although, according to Xenophon's direc- tions for the armament and equipment of a trooper, they were certainly formidably accoutred and well drilled for active ser- vice. So soon, howev^er, as the Macedonians, whose kings were of the old heroic stock of Hellas, though the people were not esteemed Greeks — in proof of which assertion, it may be stated that the kings had always been allowed, on proving their pedi- grees, to contend in the Olympic games, to which none but Greeks were admitted — so soon, I say, as the Macedonian kings came into the shock of battle, whether Greek to Greek, or Greek to Barbarian, the Thessalian, Acarnanian and Thracian horses, the latter bred on the boundless plains between the Archipelago and the Danube, were brought into play ; and cavalry at once became an important part of armies, and, often from this time, the arm which turned the balanced scale of victory.
In all Alexander's battles, he himself charged at the head of his splendid cavalry, having a good deal of the paladin of chivalry in his temper and constitution, and for the most part made the final impression by that irresistible onset.
From this time forward, the cavalry was a favorite and suc- cessful arm with the Greeks. Philopoemen, the general of the Achaean league, was the best cavahy officer of the world, the Murat of his day. Pyrrhus of Epirus, the successor of Alex- ander, and descendant, as he claimed it, of Achilles, relied much on the charge of his barded cuirassiers, in his wars against the Romans — who never, to the end of their marvellous history of universal conquest, did any thing with Italian native horse, or indeed with cavalry at all, until they had Numidian, Span- ish, Gallic and German troopers in their armies.
The same was the case with the latter Philip of Macedon, and his son Perseus, against whose superior horse the Poman consuls could make head only by the assistance of their JEtolian and Acarnanian allies, the blood of the Greek horses of that day, coming from the extreme east of Euro]3e, being incompar- ably superior to that of the west, which probably had then re- ceived no further mixture of the oriental strain, since their first introduction frem their native land ; whence by a course of continued breeding-in-and-in they had seriously deteriorated — a
32 THE noRSE.
deterioration wliicli became yet more palpably manifest, wbeii they were opposed to the IS^umidian barbs of Hannibal, only to be SAvept away like dust before the whirlwind.
With regard to the general character and appearance of the ancient, and more especially the Greek horse, we have two means of forming an opinion — first, from the various sculptures yet extant of this animal, both in harness and mounted ; and second, from the elaborate and admirable directions given by Xenophon — -jrepl i7r7riKr]<i cap. 1. 2. & sq — for purchasing, ac- cording to exterior points ; " since," he observes, " there is no means of j^roving his temjDer, until one shall have backed liim."
Of sculptures, the oldest probably in existence, many of them contemporaneous with the kings of Assyria, who figure in the pages of Holy Writ, certainly the oldest yet discovered, are those wondrous relics, disinterred by Layard from the ruins of Nineveh, illustrative of almost every phase of regal and military life — and the two epithets, at that day, were nearly one — when real warfare, or its mimicry, the chase of dangerous and savage beasts, were the sole out-of-door occu]3ation of the chiefs and heroes of those undegenerate ages.
In these sculptures, the horse figures continually in almost every attitude and pace ; l)ut in most instances he is represented as an animal of draught, harnessed singly, two, or four abreast, to chariots of light construction, which he is often drawing at a tearing gallop, but rarely carrying a mounted rider.
In all these sculptures, he is represented as a remarkably high-crested, large-headed, heavy-shouldered animal, rather long-bodied, powerfully limbed, his neck clothed with volumes of shaggy mane, which is often plaited into regular and fanciful braids, and his tail coarse and abundant, frequently ornamented similarly to his own mane and to the beard and hair of his driver. He, therefore, had nothing of the modern Arab in his form or character.
The carvings are exquisitely fine, the attitudes sjiiritejd and striking, and there are not unusually seen attempts at indicating the anatomical structure, and course of arteries, sincM's and muscles. We have no reason, therefore, to doubt that the general character, bearing, and aspect of the animal are truly kept,
ATTIC HOESES, OF PHIDIAS, 33
or that the delineations were made from what was then consid- ered the finest and most perfect type of the creature, wliich is generally represented as ministering to the pleasures of the great king.
In all respects, then, it must be observed, the horses of the oriental royalties, which were harnessed in the scythed cars of those Assyrian conquerors, who came down on Israel " like the wolf on tlie fold ; " and in the iron chariots of those Phoenician kings of Canaan, who "fought in Taanach by the waters of Megiddo," when " the river of Kishon swept them away, that ancient river, the river Kishon," were as unlike as possible to the low-statured, delicate-limbed, small-headed Arabs and Barbs, with their basin-faces, large full eyes, and long thin manes, from which the modern blood horse has derived his pe- culiar excellence.
Next to these, probably, in antiquity, and infinitely surpass- ing them in beauty of design and perfection of execution,— sur- passing, it is likely, any thing that ever has been, or that ever will be performed in sculpture, we have the superb equestrian gi'oups from the Propylsea of the temple of Minerva in the Acropolis at Athens, preserved in the British Museum, and imi- versally known as the Elgin marbles ; which are generally sup- posed to be the work of Phidias and his pupils ; the work of the Athenian chisel, surely, when Grecian art was at its highest flight, and when the Attic mania for horse-breeding was at the extreme of fashion.
The attitudes and action of the cavalry and the seats of the cavaliers, the liigh-born hipj?eis, which, word, like its equivalent the Roman cquites, we erroneously translate knights, are inimi- table. ISTothing that the pencil, the burin, or tlie chisel, ever has delineated, excels, if it equals, these sculptures, destined only to be regarded from a distance, as being the decorations of the frieze of a gigantic temple, for freedom, ease, vigor and spirit.
In one of the finest groups some half-dozen riders are cara- coling gayly along, their horses well thrown back on their haunches, some going disunited, some at a regular and perfect canter, and sitting the animals with a pose of such perfect bal- ance, ease, aplomb and grace, so that the rider's hand is entirely independent of his seat, as proves that equestrianism, as an art YoL. I.— 3
34 THE nOESE.
and a grace, must have been cultivated to a high degree in Athens, how deficient soever the state might be in cavahy, as an arm of the service.
Tliese horses, then, of Minerva on the Acropolis, hard by the spot where the first of the race was fabled in the ancient mythos to have sprung from the earth at the summoning of the world- shaker's trident, carved from the pure Pentelical or Pa- rian rock, in the school, if not by the hand, of the greatest of Greek sculptors, may be presumed copies from the most per- fect type of the Greek, as the sculptures of Nineveh have been assumed to be models of the Assyrian or oriental courser.
Now, judging from these sculptures, the Greek horse was not above fourteen and a half hands in height ; and, instead of the graceful, spiry formation of the Arab, the Barb, or the Thorough-bred, had the short, rigid, stocky shapes of the Gal- loway or Cob. They are all what is vulgarly termed cock- thrappled, — that is to say, having the windpipe and fore-neck, above its insertion in the chest, projected like the same parts of a game-cock when in the act of crowing — a fault in formation, which renders it impossible for the animal to bring his chin in to his chest, when curbed upon his haunches ; and, with their hogged manes, short, closely-ribbed, round barrels, heavy joints, short, stiff pasterns, and high, upright hoofs, look like, what they doubtless were, a large breed of clever, active, able Galloways.
In my youth, I have seen fifty, and owned and ridden near- ly half-a-dozen, half or one third bred Galloways, which retain- ing the exact cut and type of the original Scottish Galloway pony, had some admixture of pure blood, and any one of these might have served as an exemplar for the Athenian horse of the Elgin marbles.
The description of animal I mean, though rarely seen in this country, is common enough in England, being that to which the sons of the landed gentry, while learning to ride, are ordinarily promoted, as an intermediate step between the small pony and the full-blooded hunter. I have seen some of them carry their light-weight-riders well up to hounds, and hold a good place among real horses with men on their backs. But, as horses to be backed by men, they would be nowhere on a
ATTIC HOKSES, OF XENOPHON. 35
race-course, nowhere in a hunting field, and worse tlian nowhere in a cavalry action.
This, of course, accounts easil}'' enough for the small use of cavalry bj the ancients in action, especially against the favorito tactic of the phalanx, which, while in unshaken order, would have hurled back the charge of Murat's or Milhaud's cuiras- siers, as a rock does the surges.
We now come to the writings of Xenophon, which, as the animal he describes is evidently identical with the horse of the Phidian school of sculpture, furnish a complete reply to the ar- gument of those, who would insinuate that works of art are not to be construed into copies of existing realities, but are simply expressions of an ideal type ; and who consequently argue, that the horses of the Elgin marbles, like the lions of Rubens, are poetical or artistical fictions ; not, like the Bulls of Paul Potter and the Dogs of Landseer, the present images of the creatures which they represent.
I have said that Xenoj)hon's instructions are admirable, and the points on which he insists, as well as his reasons for insist- ing on them, precisely those which would be required and as- signed by an expert veterinarian to-day. They are, however, the points, as I have observed, of a clever active Galloway or Cob, not of a thorough-bred, a hunter, or even a cavalry charger, much less of a pure Barb or Arab.
" First," he says, " we will write, how one may be the least deceived in the purchase of horses. It is evident, then, that of the unbroken colt one must judge by the bodily construction ; since, if he have never been backed, he will afi'ord no very clear evidences of his spirit. Of his body, then, we say that it is necessary first to examine the feet ; for, as in a house it matters not how fine may be the superstructure, if there be not sufiicient foundations, so in a war horse there is no utility, no, not if he have all other points perfect, but be badly footed. But in ex- amining the feet, it is befitting first to look to the horny portion of the hoofs, for those horses which have the horn thick, are far superior in their feet to those which have it thin. Nor will it be well if one fail, next, to observe whether the hoofs be up- right, both before and behind, or low and flat to the ground ; for high hoofs keep the frog at a distance from the earth, while
36 THE HORSE.
the flat tread Avitli equal pressure on the soft and liard parts of the foot, as is the case with bandy-legged men. And Simon justly observes, that well-footed horses can be known by the Bound of their tramp, for the hollow hoof rings like a cymbal, when it strikes the solid earth. But having begun from below, let us ascend to the other parts of the body. It is needful, then, that the parts above the hoof and below the fetlocks" — viz. the pasterns — " be not too erect, like those of the goat ; for legs of this kind, being stifi' and inflexible, are apt to jar the rider, and are more liable to inflammation. The bones must not, however, be too low and springy, for in that case the fetlocks are liable to be abraded and wounded, if the horse be galloped over clods or stones. The bones of the shanks" — the cannon bones — " should be thick, for these are the columns wliicli support the body ; but they should not have the veins and flesh thick, like- wise. For, if they have, when the horse shall be gallopped in difficult ground, they will necessarily be filled with blood, and will become varicose, so that the shanks will be thickened, and the skin be distended and relaxed from the bone ; and, when this is the case, it often follows, that the back sinew gives way and renders the horse lame. But if the horse, when in action, bend his knees flexibly at a walk, you may judge that he will have his legs flexible when in full career ; for all horses as they increase in years, increase in the flexibility of the knee. And flexible goers are esteemed highly, and with justice ; for such horses are much less liable to blunder or to stumble than those which have rigid, unbending joints. But if the arms, below the shoulder blades, be thick and muscular, they appear stronger and handsomer, as is the case also with a man. The breast also should be broad, as well for beauty as for strength, and because it causes a handsomer action of the forelegs, which do not then interfere, but are carried wide apart. And again, the neck ought not to be set on, like that of a boar, horizontally from the chest ; but, like that of a game-cock, should be upright toward the crest, and slack toward tlie flexure • and tiie head being long, should have a small and narrow jawbone, so that the neck shall be in front of the rider, and that the eye shall look down at what is before the feet. A horse thus made will be the least likely to run violently away, even if he be very high-spirited,
POINTS OF THE GREEK HORSE. 37
for liorses do not attempt to run away by bringing in, but by thrusting out, their heads and necks. It is also very necessary to observe, whether the mouth be fine or hard on both sides, or on one or the other. For liorses, which have not both jaws equally sensitive, are likely to be hard-mouthed on one side or the other. And it is better that a horse should have prominent than hollow eyes, for such a one will see to a greater distance. And widely opened nostrils are far better for respiration than narrow, and they give the horse a fiercer aspect ; for when one stallion is enraged against another, or if he become angry while being ridden, he expands his nostrils to their full width. And the loftier the crest, and the smaller the ears, the more horse- like and handsome is the head rendered ; wdiile lofty withers give the rider a surer seat, and produce a firmer adhesion be- tween the body and shoulders. A double loin is also softer to sit upon and pleasanter to look upon, than if it be single ; and a deep side, rounded toward the belly, renders the horse easier to sit, and stronger, and more easy to be kejDt in condition ; and the shorter and broader the loin, the more easily will the horse raise his fore-quarters, and collect his hind-quarters under him, in- going. These points, moreover, cause the belly to appear the smaller ; which, if it be large, at once injures the appearance of the animal and renders him weaker, and less manageable. The quarters should be broad and fleshy, in order to correspond with the sides and chest, and, should they be entirely firm and solid, they would be the lighter in the gallop, and the horse would be the speedier. But if he should have his buttocks separated under the tail by a broad line, he w^ill bring his hind legs under him, with a wider space between them ; and so doing he will have a prouder and stronger gait and action, and will, in all respects, be the better on them. A proof of which is to be had in men, who, when they desire to raise any thing from the ground, attempt it by straddling their legs, not by bring- ing them close together. Stallions should not have the testes large, and this ought not to be overlooked in foals. To con- clude, in regard to the lower joints, of the shanks, namely, and the fetlocks and the hoofs, behind, I have the same remarks to make, and no others, than those which I have made above." In reference to this passage, I would remark that, although
38 THE HORSE.
it cannot be denied that all tlie points are correctly stated, and the reasons for preference clearly and truly laid down, no one, at all conversant with the horse, can fail to perceive, that the whole advice points to the acquisition, as the most admirable piece of horse-flesh, of a short, round-barrelled, stocky, active beast, well u23on his legs, with his hocks fairly under him, with a lofty crest and somewhat heavy forehand, though he insists on high withers.
In short, his ideal of the horse is the very horse of the Elgin marbles, something closely allied to the improved English road ster of the last half century, an animal framed for strength combined with hardiness and quickness, but wholly destitute, or, if not wholly, nearly so, of blood, stride, or speed.
In the Greek horse, as in that of Assyria, it is very evident, that there was little or nothing of what we call blood, or affinity to the Arab and Barb, as they now exist, in their native land, much less to the improved strain of the English and American thoroughbred.
This brings us fairly to the Eoman horse ; and here we find the same inferiority of the animal, and of the art or habit of using him, as among the G-reeks, only in a yet greater degree. In the early ages of the republic, the cavalry of the Roman armies was composed of the youths of the monetary aristocracy, who served on horseback partially at their own expense, enjoy- ing in consequence certain privileges, and exemptions, and a positive rank in the state, second only to the patrician senators and the holders of senatorial offices. These men, who were termed equites or horsemen, a word which has been universally and erroneously rendered knights, giving a false idea of the character and nature of the order, as if the members of it were a chivalric fraternity bound by a vow, instead of a political class, owed their origin, it is said, to Komulus ; who instituted three centuries of youths, whom he called celeres, serving on horseback and acting as his body guard. Their number would appear to have been increased nearly at the end of the mon- archy, by the Servian constitutions, from three, to about eighteen hundred ; and all these, the select men of a wealthy class, were bound to serve mounted, at their own charge, when the exigen- cies of the public service did not allow a horse to be given them,
ROMAN CAVALRY SERVICE. 39
as it ordinarily was, by the state. Subsequently, every person who came into the possession of a fortune of 400,000 asses^^ became, ex ipso facto, an eq^ues, and was liable to do cavalry duty. A sufficiently absurd plan, one would say, for the or- ganization of an eifective body of troopers ; who, if any troops in the world, require minute drilling, constant exercise, and the closest habitude as well to horsemanship, as to the use of arms.
The truth is, that the Komans were in no respect an eques- trian people, even while their armies consisted mainly of agri- culturists and tillers of the ground. We find, comparatively, few notices of the horse among their classic writers, and such as we do find principally imitated from the early Greek Poets, who wrote of a state of warfare, Asiatic rather than European. From such brief and scattered mentions of the horse, however, as we have, it is to be inferred that the native breed of this animal was of no excellence ; and that it was usual to seek the superior breeds of Calabria and Lucania, where the population, being more or less of Greek origin or connected with the Greeks, had in some degree the equestrian tastes, and perhaps the same strain of blood with their ancestry.
In no instance had a Roman consular army, which consisted of two legions, of four thousand two hundred infantry each, above six hundred horse ; a proportion ludicrously ineflicient, being exactly as one mounted man to fourteen infantry soldiers ; whereas the true ratio is one cavalry soldier to five footmen — on which basis the famous divisions of Napoleon were con- stituted.
This fact speaks volumes for the poverty of the Romans in horses, and their inaptitude for the service ; and still more does it testify to the same thing, that, when they commanded the alliance of the Latin states, the cavalry of the two contingent Latin legions was double that of the Roman quota. This, how- ever, only raised the cavalry attached to a Roman consular army, in the time of the second Punic war, when the state was making every exertion to resist its most formidable enemy, who commanded the services of the finest horse then existing in the known world, to eighteen hundred horse attached to sixteen
* The Roman as was a brass coin of the value of a fraction more than a cent.
40 THE HOKSE.
thousand eiglit hundred foot, or a ratio of about one of the former to nine of the latter.
So long as the Romans were engaged in Italian wars only — ■ though from the above facts relative to the constitution of the native and Latin contingents, when the nations were acting in unison, it is to be assumed that the Romans were numeri- cally inferior to their adversaries — they appear to have been able to contend with them on equal, if not superior terms, even with this arm, in the field. Hence, we may argue that the horses of the Italians were equally bad with those of the Romans, but that the superior vigor of the Roman man, whe- ther on foot or on horseback, prevailed.
The moment they were brought into contact with foreign cavalry, Macedonic and Epirotic troojDers, mounted beyond doubt on Tracian and Thessalian— that is to say, what we should now designate Turkish — horses, under Pyrrhus, and, yet more distinctly, with Numidian horse, undoubtedly pure Barbs of the desert, under Hannibal, the inferiority of the Italians in every thing pertaining to equestrianism, was demonstrated.
It seems almost to have been acknowledged ; for we find that Cgesar, during his wonderful career of Gallic victories, had no Roman horse whatever in his service, but relied wholly on the cavalry of the friendly Gaulish tribes for that arm ; and once we find him, when doubtful of the faith of his auxiliaries, reduced to the necessity of mounting the legionary infantry on Gallic horses.
In his final conflict with Pompey, his horsemen, who were unquestionably Gauls, as indeed were a large share of his le- gions, rode through the high-born Roman horse of his rival, as did the British heavy cavalry at Balaclava through the Russian dragoons, as if they had been lines of pasteboard.
At the same time, Crassus in Asia was totally defeated and destroyed by the oriental horse of Parthia ; a fate narrowly es- caped a few years afterwards, by that consummate soldier Marc Antony, and escaped only by dint of admirable skill and bra- very ; a fate not escaped by Valerian, or by that great captain, Julian, or by any other Roman Emperor or chief, who attempted to contest the palm of victoiy with Italian or western cavalry against the innumerable and indomitable clouds of oriental
THE ITALIAN HOKSE. .^ 41
horse ; which from that time maintained their superiority mi- disputed, until outdone by the superior offspring of their own blood, bred on British and American soil, by the aid of western enterprise and the lights of western science.
Of the Italian horse, therefore, it may, I think, safely be pre- dicated that it has been from all time, what it is now, nearly a worthless animal.
It must not, however, be overlooked in the history of the horse, that, how little soever it may owe of blood to the Eomans directly, the race throughout all western Europe is probably in- debted more largely to those world-conquerors, indirectly^ than to many individuals and nations, who have purposely encour- aged the production and aimed at the improvement of this no- ble animal.
Their constant habit of guarding and garrisoning one con- quered province, by the mercenary or subsidiary contingents raised from another, and their very deficiency of indigenous horses, leading to the employment of the best equestrian na- tions of their subjects or allies, brought about a constant rota- tion of breeds, and strains of blood, in all the provinces, an ad- vantage which Italy itself did not share, and consequently a constant admixture of the native with the best imported ani- mals.
For it will be remembered that the Barbaric tribes all rode perfect stallions ; and it cannot be doubted, but that the native mares would be brought into constant familiarity and connec- tion with the foreigners.
Whence came originally the Gaulish and British stock, is, as I liave above mentioned, doubtful. There are some reasons for believing the horse to have been indigenous to Great Britain, and possibly to Gaul also. It is quite as probable, however, that this race may have been introduced into France by eques- trian tribes, migrating to the northward of the Alps, as we know that tribes did migrate, from the plains of Scythia, Thrace, and Carpatliia, and thence introduced across the channel to England, where they were found by Ceesar.
Certain it is, at all events, that, when the Belgic, Celtic, Germanic, and Britannic tribes were first known to the Romans, they were all possessed of numerous and formidable cavalries ;
42 THE nORSE.
that, although inferior to the Eomaiis, as barbarians to highly civilized men, in science, discipline and military skill, they were superior to them individually in equestrian prowess : and, I think it is fair to infer, in the strain of their equine blood, like- wise ; since we find that, although to the end of their real great- ness the Romans constantly preferred the use of native infantry, they as constantly employed foreign, that is to say Gaulish, Ger- man, Tracian, Spanish and Numidian horse squadrons.
It is certain, therefore, that all the western provinces of the republic and empire, were at some time or other successively garrisoned by cavalry squadrons of all these nations, and that their native horses were more or less crossed and improved by the blood of all.
It has always been the fashion to ascribe the excellence of the Spanish, and especially of the Andalusian blood, to the Arabic invasion of Tarick in 710 ; but, although the great benefit derived from that strain, and from the wise encourage- ment given by the refined and polished Moors to this branch of national power and greatness, must be allowed, I look much farther back for the source of blood, whence the Spanish horse derived his earliest excellence.
It must be remembered that the wonderful Carthaginian fam- ily of Barca, the greatest and last of whom was, in my estimate, the greatest soldier, and only not the greatest statesman, the world has ever seen, was domiciled for years, as conquerors, and ruled, almost as indigenous sovereigns, over all the Mediter- ranean and Atlantic shores of Spain, from Carthagena to Cadiz, at the head of powerful native African armies, accompanied by numerous and incomparable forces of Numidian cavalry, the desert Barbs of the Nomadic Moors and Arabs.
It is impossible to believe that such a state of things could have existed, among a warlike and equestrian people, without their seeking to improve their own horses by the admixture of the foreign blood, the superiority of which they could not fail to perceive in the shock of battle, even apart from the casual intercourse, which must have occurred, between the indigenous mares and the strange troop-horses.
Tliis, doubtless, was the first cross of oriental blood upon the Spanish stock ; and the same cross must also have taken place,
THE SPANISH HOESE. 43
though in a smaller degree, among the Gaulish horseherds, during the six months occupied by Hannibal's march through their country from the Pyrenees to the Ehone, at the head of eight thousand African Barbs, principally, doubtless, if not all, stallions.
Exactly at the time when this ingrafted blood might be sup- posed to be in process of deterioration, in consequence of in- breeding, and perhaps of intentional vitiation by the introduc- tion of Flemish sires, for the begetting of animals capable of bearing tlie men-at-arms of the chivalric ages in their ponderous panoply, oj)portunely arrived Tarik with his hordes of desert horse to reinvigorate the depreciated race.
From the first, in all probability, of these intermixtures, as well as from the horses of the Thracian and German troopers quartered on them by the Roman emperors, the British horses of the old stock, as found by the Romans, under Cassivelan and Caradoc, directly received their first improvement. Indirectly, we know that they did so, through the improved second Sj)anish cross, introduced largely for breeding purposes by the Saxon and Norman monarchs of the southern kingdom.
Of the actual Spanish horse, of the days of the conquest of South America, when the Spanish horse was in his greatest pu- rity and perfection, comes the wild stock of the South American pampas, and of the southern and south-western prairies of the United States ; and from this, to a certain degree, it is probable that the domesticated stock of some of the southern States has received a remote cross of Andalusian blood. In Louisiana, that cross was obtained, and still exists, in a more direct form ; although it does not appear that the blood continues to be dis- tinguishable, to any considerable extent, in the external charac- teristics of the animal.
I trust that these preliminary observations will not be weari- some to my readers, as I am well assured that tliey are of some importance to my subject ; bearing on a point, as they do, in the history of the English and American horse, which has been scarcely, I think, sufficiently considered — the admixture of old indigenous blood, which it cannot be denied does in some sort, though in an infinitesimal degree, exist in what is esteemed the purest and most perfect thoroughbred strain — and, secondly,
44 THE HOKSE.
what is that indigenous blood, as it is styled, and how far it is impure, how far traceable to a warm oriental or African origin, in remote antiquity. It has generally been assumed that the British horse, with which only I have henceforth to do, as the origin of the American blood-horse, until I come to sjieak of him directly, was an utterly unimproved and worthless animal until the comparatively modern times, when his blood was first gradually mixed, by the monarchs of the Saxon dynasty, and afterward by the Norman invaders and crusaders, with Arabian, Syrian, Andalusian, and African strains,
I hold, on the contrary, that the British horse, as originally found by Cnesar, was itself of Eastern European descent, from Scythia, Thrace or Carpathia — for I disbelieve in the aboriginal theory — though I admit that I have no proof of the fact, and argue only on probability and analogy. But I am confident, and regard it as historically made out, that, at a very early pe- riod of the Roman occupation, it must have been, and was, largely tinctured with the blood of the best Spanish and Gallic chargers ; the former of which could scarcely be less than half, or three-part Barbs, and the latter of which partook of the same strain.
Thei'e could scarcely also fail to be another direct cross from Thrace or Scythia, though it cannot exactly be established that such was the case ; the rather that more than one of the most warlike and victorious of the Roman emperors made the island their residence.
I now come to the natural history of the horse, which I propose to treat briefly, principally through quotations from "Winter and Youatt on the horse, who may be pronounced un- hesitatingly the best authorities on the subject, before proceed- ing to treat of the various distinct families of the animal, and first, as noblest, of the English blood-horse.
" l^atural historians," says Mr. Winter, " in their endeavors to arrange the varying objects of animated nature, class the horse and its congeners in the following manner :
" Division. Yertebrata — possessing a back-bone.
" Class, Mammalia — such as give suck.
" Tribe, TJngulata — hoofed.
" Oedek. Pachydermata — thick-skinned.
SYNONYMES OF THE HOESE. 45
" Family. Solipeda — uncleft-footed. " Genus. Equus — the horse family. " A considerable discrepancy has arisen among naturalists on the classification of this animal ; but the above certainly appears the least objectionable that can be found. Tlie Linnaean system was certainly unsatisfactory. Linnseus classed the horse with the hippopotamus, to form a genus in order Belluce. By Erxleben he is placed between the elephant and the dromedary. Storr was the first to form a distinct order of the equine family ; he placed it immediately after that of the Kuminantia, under the aj)pellation of Solijpedes. Cuvier adoj)ted his arrangement, but subsequently placed this genus among the Pachydermata, which is probably the most judicious classification attainable.
" Dental formula. — Incisors, | ; canine, in the male only, ■f \ ; molars, 1 = 40.
" AYith the horse are ranked all those quadrupeds whose generic distinction is the undivided hoof — the equine genus. Equus Cahalhis, the horse.
Equus Semionus, of Pallas, the dziggtai, Asiatic. Equus Zehra, the zebra. ]
Equus Burchelli, V South African.
Equus Quagga, the Quagga. j Equus Asinus, the ass.
" TirE IIORSE.
" Synonymes — "I-mro';, Greek ; Equus, Latin ; Pferd, Ger- man ; Paard, Dutch ; Uest, Danish ; JTdst, Swedish ; Cheval^ French ; Oavallo, Italian ; Cahallo, Spanish ; Zoschad, Russian ; Eon, Polish ; SuJch, Turkish ; Ilysan, Syriac ; Hozan, Arabic ; Al, Toorkman ; Ma, Siamese ; Fur or Pur, Bornou ; Soudah, Bezharmi ; Bilsah, Mandara ; Barree, Timbuctoo ; As, Pus- too."'
" The horse, by far the noblest of the genus, is easily distin- guishable from the rest of the group. His varieties are exceed- ingly numerous and differ widely in physical appearance. The effects of climate and other agencies are displayed on his frame. Zimmerman asserted, but without very evident reason, that he
* Dr. Skinner traces the English word horse from the Belgic ros or the Teuto-
4s6- THE HOKSE.
arrived at the greatest perfection between the 15th and 55th degrees of northern latitude. Tlie miire is found capable of generating her species as early as the second year of her exist- ence ; but it is detrimental to her form, and the future energy of her offspring, thus prematurely to tax the productive powers of her frame. It would be far more profitable to delay this im- portant function to the fourth or fifth year, when the outline of her form approximates more closely to the adult, and the vital energies of the animal economy become more confirmed. Mares, in common with the females of many other quadrupeds, are subject to a periodical appetency for the male, which in them is termed horsing. The natural season of its first occur- rence is from the end of March to July, and so providential is this arrangement, that the foal will be produced at a time when nourishment will be plentiful for its support.
" Common assertion fixes the period of gestation, or the time intervening between conception and foaling, at eleven months ; but whether calendar or lunar months are to be understood is not explained. This discrepancy will appear the more unsatis- factory when it is recollected that eleven calendar months want but two days of twelve lunar ones, l^o attempt has been made in this country to resolve the question. In France, M. Tessier endeavored to arrive at some degree of correctness as to the average time of gestation by registering a large number of mares. He proved that the term of eleven calendar months was often exceeded by several weeks, and sometimes, though less frequently, parturition took place within that period.
" ' In 582 mares, which copulated but once, the shortest pe- riod was 287 days, and the longest 419 ; making the extraor- dinary difference of 132 days, and of 82 beyond the usual term of eleven months.' Blaine's Vet. Outlines.
" On another occasion an account was kept of the duration of pregnancy of 101 mares. Of these :
3 foaled in 311 days.
1 " " 314 days.
1 " " 325 days.
1 " " 326 days.
1 " " 330 days. 47 " " from 340 to 350 days.
PARTURITION. 47
25 foaled in from 350 to 360 days. 21 " " from 360 to 377 days. 1 " " in 394 days.
"Tlius the extremes varied 83 days, while the average was about 351, or fifty weeks one day each. Some breeders enter- tain an opinion that old brood mares carry the foal considerably longer than young ones, but they oU'er no satisfactory evidence in corroboration of their view.
" The signals of approaching parturition are enlargement of the external parts of generation, relaxation and shrinkage of the muscles on each side of the croup and rump, and a gummy exu- dation from the orifice of the teats. Birth generally takes place within twenty-four hours after the appearance of the latter symp- tom. But the first acts as a warning, by preceding it for several days.
" It is but seldom that the mare requires manual assistance at the time of foaling, which generally takes place witliout difficulty or danger, in the night. The mare, unlike the generality of quad- rupeds, foals standing.* She rarely produces twins, and when double births do occur, the offspring almost invariably die.f
" As great facility of motion appears to have been designed by nature in the formation of the horse, many physical pecu- liarities contribute to ensure that end. A bulky pendulous udder, like that possessed by some of the ruminantia, would be incompatible with that quality. The mamma, therefore, is small, and furnished only with two teats, which supply a milk of a highly nutritious character, and possessing a larger quan- tity of saccharine matter than any other animal is known to be endowed with.;}:
* This is a mistake, they invariably foal in a reclining posture. — Ed.
t A remarkable e.xceptiou to this rule are the bay colt Tiueedledum and the bay filly Tiveedlecke, foaled in 1823 (by Waterloo out of Polymnia), Polymnia by Musician out of Promise, sister to Partisan by Walton. The filly never sucked, but was fed on cow's milk, and was said to thrive better than the colt.
Both these animals were trained, and ran with some credit ; but the filly is not named as a brood mare, and I find no mention of the colt as a stallion.
X Parmentier submitted the milk of various animals to chemical examination, and he found that the proportion of ingredients contained was in accordance with the following table :
Sugar — Mare's, woman's, ass's, goat's, ewe's, cow's.
Whey — Ass's, mare's, woman's, cow's, goat's, ewe's.
4:8 THE HORSE.
"The disproportionate length of the foal's* legs, whicli is so strikingly apparent, when compared with those of the adult animal, is thought by some naturalists to be provided by pre- scient nature to enable the young animal to keep pace with its dam durino; ilis-ht from any menacino; danc-er. Linnseus at- tempted to ascertain the future height of the colt by admeasure- ment of its legs ; but so much is found to depend on the quan- tity and character of the nutriment with whicli it is provided during the important period of its growth, that little reliance can be placed on early experiments of this kind. The historian, the warrior, and the horseman, Xenophon, had long ago alluded to the same subject in his treatise on horsemanship. ' I now explain,' said he, 'how a man may run the least risk of being deceived, when conjecturing tlie future height of a horse. The young horse which, when foaled, has the shank bones longest, invariably turns out the largest. For, as time advances, the shank bones of all quadrupeds increase but little ; but that the rest of the body may be symmetrical, it increases in pro- portion.'
" Puberty commences in both sexes as early as the second year, but all tlie structures continue to be gradually develoj^ed till the end of the fifth year, by whicli time the changes in the teeth are perfected, and the muscles have acquired a growth and tone which give to the form the distinctives of adolescence. It is during the term, which elapses between this period of adult age and that of confirmed virility, that a farther progressive change takes ^^lace in the animal economy ; the powers of the
Cream — Ewe's, woman's, goat's, cow's, ass's, mare's.
Butter — Ewe's, goat's, cow's.
Cheese — Ewe's, goat's, cow's, ass's, woman's, mare's.
" He could not make any butter from the cream of woman's, ass's, or mare's milk, and that from the ewe he found always remained soft. From their general properties he divided them into two classes, one abounding in serous and saline parts, which included ass's, mare's, and woman's ; the other rich in caseous and butyra- ceous parts, as the cow's, goat's, and ewe's.
* " The word foal is indiscriminately applied to the young of both sexes, but as they increase in age they are distinguished from each other by appropriating the term colt to the male, and Jilly to the female ; and on the period of adolescence, about the fifth year, the former assumes the title of stallion or horse — gelding if cas- trated— and the latter that of mare. In America, the word colt is often wrongly used {or foal, as applied to either sex, whereas it is invariably masculine.
THE HAIR OF THE HORSE. 49
whole frame continue to acquire strength, and although there is no farther increase in heiglit, the parietes of the large cavities and the muscles of voluntary motion assume a finished and ro- tund appearance, and render the animal more capable of endur- ing continued exertion and privation ; fhe vital endurance and resistance being greater than during the period of adolescence. The fire and expression of the head, the spirit, character and disposition, become also more marked toward the termination of this epoch.
" The natural period of decay of the vital powers, senility and mature death, may be conjectured to be about thirty years ; but few horses, from our barbarous treatment, attain that term.
" The walk, the trot and the gallop, are the usually well- known natural paces of the horse ; but the fact of some indi- viduals contracting the pace called the amble,* without previous tuition, has induced many writers to regard that also as a natu- ral method of progression.
" In England and other northern countries, on the approach of mild weather, the horse, by a natural process analogous to moulting in birds, divests himself of his winter's clothing of long hair, and produces one of a shorter and cooler texture ; and again, before the recurrence of cold weather, reassumes his warm and lengthened coat to protect himself from the inclem- ency of the approaching season. The autumnal f change is not by any means so general as that which takes place at the com- mencement of spring. Tlie hair is not so completely changed ; only a portion of it is thrown off, and that which remains, with that which springs up, grows long and is adapted to the tem- perature of the atmosphere. These alternate changes are not so well marked in countries possessing an even temperature, nor even are they so plainly seen in horses kept in the warm atmo- sphere of a close stable all the year round. When the shedding of the coat commences, the bulbs of the old hair become pale, and by the side of each a small black globular body is formed, which is soon developed into the new hair. Thus the matrix
* The amble is neither racking nor pacing ; the latter of which is beyond doubt a natural pace. [Single footing or racking (by some called ambling) is an acquired or cultivated pace. — Ed.]
I In America, at least in the northern parts, this change is invariable.
Vol. I.— 4
50 THE H0K8E.
of the new hair is not the old hnlh, but it is based in another productive follicle. The long hair of the mane, tail aiid fet- locks, is not shed at definite periods with that of the body, but is replaced by a shorter and more uniform process. The hair of the mane and tail will, if protected, grow to an almost in- credible length.
" The property of changing the color of the hair with the season, possessed by many animals of the arctic regions, adapt- ing them to the temperature, is also manifested in the horse, though in a much less degree, for it may be seen that when con- stantly exposed to the elements, the long winter-coat assumes a much lighter hue than that of its predecessor.
" The horse, in common with many other animals, is pro- vided with a thin sub-cuticular muscle, covering the shoulders, flanks and sides, whose use is to corrugate the skin, shake off flies and dislodge other annoying substances.
" The sense of smell is so delicately acute in the horse, that jierhaps he is not exceeded in this function by any other animal. The nose is provided with a very extensive surface for the dis- tribution of the olfactory nerve, by the curious foldings of the turbinated bones. It is principally by means of this faculty he is able to distinguish the cpialities of the plants upon which he feeds, and to reject such as are of a noxious or poisonous de- scription, l^ature, said Linnceus, teaches the brute creation to distinguish, without a preceptor, the useful from the hurtful, while man is left to his own inquiries. On putting the flngers into the nostrils, at the upper and outward j^art, they pass into blind pouches of considerable dimensions. These curious cavi- ties have nothing to do with smelling, because they are lined with a reflection of common integument, but they may possibly be of use in mechanically distending the external entrance of the nostrils, and thus materially facilitate respiration during violent exertion. They are also brought into use, when the animal neighs ; and the Hungarian soldiery* slit them up to
* It is worthy of remark that the preference of Arabs for the mare to the horse, for warhke purposes, is attributable to the fact that they do not neigh when they scent the vicinity of other horses, as stalHous invariably do — the Arabs never attack- ing, save by surprise. Those nations which fight by open force have no such prefer- ence, but mainly use the stalhon.
HIS EYES AND EARS. 51
preclude the possibility of being prematurely discovered to the enemy by the exercise of this habit. On the lower part of tlie nostril, toward the outer edge, may be seen the mouth of a small tube, wdiich conveys the tears from the inner canthus or corner of tiie eye. It opens on the sldn just before it joins the lining membrane of the nose. This little cavity has often been mistaken, by unqualified persons, for an ulcer common in glan- derous aifections, and the poor animal has frequently fallen a victim to the error.
" Their eyes are large in proportion to those of some other quadrupeds, and the pupilar opening is of an oblate elliptic form, with its long axes parallel to the horizon, thus increasing the lateral field of vision. Hound the edges of the pupil is a curious fringe of deep plum-colored eminences, su23posed to be serviceable in absorbing the superabundant rays of light which may be transmitted to the eye. The horse's sight is excellent, and although not regarded as a nocturnal animal, he can distin- guish objects at niglit with great facility. There are but few horsemen who have not benefited by this power, wdien the shades of night have fallen around them.
" The ears are comparatively small, but the conch is en- dowed wath extensive motion so as to catch the sound coming from any quarter. Their hearing is quick, and although blind- ness is so destructively prevalent among horses, deafness is exceedingly imcommon. During sleep one ear is usually directed forward, and the other backward ; when on a march at night in company, it has been noticed, ' that those in the front direct their ears forward, those in the rear backward, and those in the centre turn them laterally, or across ; the whole troop seeming thus to be actuated by one feeling, which watches the general safety.' In contests of speed the ears are generally laid backwards, so as to ofi:er no opposition to the rapid progress of the animal. It must be evident that if the concave surfaces of these organs be presented forward, they Avould gather the wind* and slightly impede progression.
" The difi'erent vocal articulations to which the horse gives
* It appears to me more probable that the ear is deflected backward, merely to avoid the inconvenience, if not pain, which the current of air, generated by the horse's own velocity, would inflict on that deUcate organ. H. "W. H.
52 THE HOESE.
utterance, are collectively termed neighing ; but some variety of intonation may be discovered in the expression of its pas- sions; as, for instance, the cry of joy or recognition ditfers markedly from that of desire ; and anger from playfulness. The females do not neigh so frequently nor with such force as the males. For this reason it is, that j)redatory and warlike tribes prefer mares, as being better adapted from their silence for surprises or reconnoitering. Castration is known to have a modulating efiect on the voice. JVI. Ilerrissant supposes neigh- ing to be produced by the vibration of two small triangular membranes found at the extremity of the glottis. In the ass and mule this structure is wanting, but they are provided with a more singular apparatus. Hollowed out of the thyroid carti- lage is a small concavity over which is stretched a membrane, similar to the parchment on the head of a drum. When air is forced behind this substance, a very considerable noise is pro- duced, thougli from the absence of muscularity the vibrations are without modulation and consequently dissonant.
" The intellectual character of the horse is scarcely excelled by that of any other quadruped. His perceptions are remark- ably clear, and his memory excellent. Attachment to those who tend him with kindness forms it prominent trait in his character. The feats which he is often taught to perform evince a high intellectual capacity. Travellers in the desert assure us that horses possess the faculty of directing their course to the nearest water when hard pressed for that necessary article.
" Horses swim with the greatest facility, and the distances they have been known to perform in the water exceed our expectation, A horse that was wrecked off the coast of South America swam seven miles to land, and saved its life.
" There exist some important ditferences in the animal economy of the equine family and other herbivorous animals, which, as the inferences from them are of some consequence, it is necessary briefly to notice. The horse naturally requires but little sleep, and even that it often takes standing. In a state of nature, when fodder is short, to sujDport itself projDcrly, it is compelled to graze twenty hours out of the twenty-four. Rumi- nating animals eat with greater rapidity, and lie down to chew the cud. The horse eats no faster than it digests. Digestion in
HIS PROPEKTIES. 53
the former is interrupted, in the latter continuous. This ex- plains why the horse has no gall bladder, as it requires no reservoir for that necessary fluid ; for, as fast as the bile is secreted by the liver, it is carried to the intestines to perform its important action on the chymous mass. The stomach of the horse is also remarkably small and simple, differing widely from the capacious and complicated structure of the rumi- nantia ; but the intestines are long and the coecum capable of containing a large quantity of fluid, of which it is considered the receptacle. The mamma of the mare is by no means so pendulous and bulky as that of the cow. The horse's feet, from their compact, undivided nature, are much less liable to injury during fleet exertion than those of the ox. All these circum- stances tend to establish the individuality of the horse, and are 60 many proofs of admirable design for the purposes to which man has applied him ; for without these peculiarities he would not be so valuable and superior, as a beast of continued and rapid motion, and would consequently occupy a very inferior station.
" Linnaeus asserted that the male horse was without the rudimentary mamma invariably found in the males of other animals ; but this naturalist was mistaken, for they may be seen on each side of the sheath, and, although of no possible use, still their existence preserves the uniformity of nature's operations.
" The horse and zebra possess horny callosities on the inside of the fore-legs, above the knees, and on the hocks of the hind legs ; the ass and the quagga have them only on the fore ex- tremities.
" In a state of nature, the horse is purely an herbivorous animal, but under the restraint which domestication imposes, his habits become changed, and grain and dry grasses form the principal articles of his diet. Domestication is known to origi- nate many diseases totally unknown in a natural state, but it appears to have the effect of augmenting the muscular power of the animal far beyond its uncultivated extent."
From this brief and clever synopsis of the principal peculi- arities natural and physical of the horse, regarded merely in his generic form as an original quadruped, without considering his
54 TIIE nOKSE.
varieties, or liis improvement by culture, I proceed to give from Mr. Youatt tlie following delineation and description of his external structure, and subsequently to submit from the best authorities a short account of the method of ascertainiiig the age of the horse, with an explanation illustrated by cuts of tlie structure of the jaws and teeth, and of the arrangement and changes of the dental system ; which ended, I shall advance to the consideration of the various families and varieties of this noblest of the quadruped creation, and first, as noblest, to the improved thorough-bred horse of Great Britain and North America.
SKELETON AND STKUCTURE.
55
A The bead.
a The posterior maxillary, or under jaw.
6 The superior maxillary, or upper jaw ; near the latter is a foramen, through which pass the
nerves and blood-vessels, which chiefly supply the lower part of the face. C The orbit, or cavity containing the eye.
d The nasal bones, or bones of the nose.
e The suture dividing the parietal bones below from the occipital bones above.
f The inferior maxillary bone, containing the upper incisor teeth.
B The seven cervical vertebroe, or bones of the neck.
C The eighteen dorsal vertebrse, or bones of the back.
Z> The six lumbar vertebrse, or bones of the loin.
E The five sacral vertebra^, or bones of the haunch.
F The caudal vertebra?, or bones of the tail, generally about fifteen in number.
G The scapula, or shoulder blade.
n The sternum, or chest.
1 The costoe, or ribs, seven or eight, articulated with the sternum, and called the true ribs, and ten or eleven united together by cartilage, called the false ribs.
J The humerus, or bone of the arm.
K The radius of bone of the forearm.
L The ulna, or elbow. The point of the elbow is called the olecranon.
M The carpus, or knee, consisting of seven bones.
N The metacarpal bones. The large metacarpal, or cannon and shank in front, and the smaller metacarpal, or splent bones, behind.
g The fore-pastern and foot, consisting of the os suffraginis, or the upper and larger p.astern bone, with the sessamoid bones behind, articulating with the cannon and greater pastern ; the os coronce, or less pastern, the os pedis, or coffin bone, the os naviculare, or navicular or shuttle bone, not seen, and articulating with the smaller pastern and coffin bones.
h The corresponding bones of the hind feet.
O The haunch, consisting of three portions ; the ilium, the ischium, and the pubis.
P The femur, or thigh.
Q The stifle joint, with the patella.
R The tibia, or proper leg-bone ; behind Is a small bone called the fibula.
S The tarsus, or hock, composed of sis bones. The prominent part is the 03 calcis, or point of the hock.
T The metatarsals of the hind leg.
56
THE HOKSE.
These beinc; the anatomical points of tlie horso, as dcnion- strand hy the skeleton, I proceed to give what may be ca ed the horseman's points, which I designate on an o»l"'5^'^^t* of that fine English race-horse EUs, by Langar, out of Olivia, by Sir Oliver.
a The muizle.
6 The face.
c The forehead.
d The jowl.
6 The poll.
/ The crest.
g The withers.
h The windpipe or thrapple.
i The back.
j The point of the shoulder.
Jc The breast or chest.
I The fore-arm ; vulgo, arm. m The knee.
II The cannon bones. o The fetlocks.
p The small pasterns. q The large pasterns. r The hoofs. 8 The heels. t The elbow.
M The girth. V The flank. w The sheath. » The scrotum. y The hocks. z The coronets. A The hip. B The croup or rump. C The dock. D The quarter. E The thigh. F The hamstring. G' The point of the hock. H The loins.
/ The gullet.
J The shoulder.
K The arm {proper).
L The barrel (the ribs).
M The stifle.
AGE OF THE HORSE. 67
THE AGE AND DENTAL SYSTEM OF THE HORSE.
" There* is some difficulty in estimating the natm'al average .ength of tlie horse's life, for many obstacles oppose an inquiry on a scale of sufficient magnitude to be satisfactory. The nu- merous evils entailed on him by the arduous labors and the restricted and unnatural habits of a domesticated state tend greatly to abbreviate life. * * * From these and other reasons it cannot be much doubted that his age is generally underrated. Horses are most erroneously f termed aged^ on the obliteration of the mark from the lower incisor teeth, which occurs by the completion of the eighth year, and though it is far from being the natural term of age and debility, or even of decline of the vital energies, it too frequently happens that, by that time, bodily infirmities have been prematurely induced by over-exertion of their powers.
* * * " Horses at twenty years old, are often met with in cases Avhere the least humanity has been bestowed on their management. Eclipse died at the age of twenty-five ; Flying Childers at twenty-six. Burns' mare Maggie attained more than twenty-nine years ? Bucephalus, the celebrated horse of Alexander of Macedon, lived till thirty. The natural age is probably between :j: twenty-five and thirty years. A faint and uncertain guide is found in the register of the ages of our most celebrated racing stallions, recollecting, however, that several of them were destroyed on becoming useless for the purposes of the turf. The united ages of ninety-three of these horses amounted to two thousand and five years, or rather better than twenty-one and a half years each horse."
Here follow, in Mr. Winter's text, many citations, from au-
* Winter on the Horse, p. 141.
f It does not appear to me that the error lies in the term, but in the misappre- hension of it. The eight-year-old horse is called aged, as the twenty-one-year-old man is said to be of age ; and the maturity, not the decline, of his age is implied. This is clear from the fact that so soon as he is aged he begins to carry maximmn weight, which he carries /or ever after, so long as he runs. The impossibility of defi- nitely ascertaining his years after that term, renders the farther apportionment of weight for age impossible. H. W. H.
X Whalebone, by Waxy, out of Penelope, own brother to Whisker and Woful, covered mares at twenty-four years. See Note * on page 73. H. W. H.
68 THE HORSE.
tliors of all ages, qualities, and conditions, from Pliny down to Mr. Blaine, relating to the age to wliicli individual horses have, or have not, attained ; and some speculations regarding the ago to which horses — situated otherwise than they are, ever have Deen, or, probably, ever will be situated — might possibly attain.
It being, however, my present object to look at horses as they are, I shall assume the maximum average age of the liorso to be twenty-five years, and the same to be the extreme age of the working horse. Of the latter twelve will be, it is likely, about the average.
How you shall know the age of a horse, is a matter of ques- tion to most, of dispute to many, of experience to all.
By the teeth, only, in my judgment, can the age be known certainly / and by them, certainly^ only until the ninth year.
By certainly I mean this — that one may surely, and almost without fail, say that this horse is older than nine years, but that he cannot 2?ossiI/ly say hoio much older.
The other signs, beyond the mark of the teeth, vary with the variation of circumstances; and, with the double varia- tion, opinions, or judgments as they are called, will yet farther differ.
The mark of the teeth, naturally, is invariable. By art or rascality, when made to vary, the variation to a practised eye is easily discoverable. That mark extends to the eighth year, surely, and no farther.
NATURAL HISTORY.
" As a matter of civil economy," says Mr. Winter, in his valuable book on the hoi'se, from which I have already quoted, "it is important to judge correctly of the age of our useful servant, the horse. This is chiefly accomj)lished by observing the natural changes, which occur in his teeth, the periods at which they appear, are shed and rejDlaced, and the alterations in their form and markings.
" The teeth of most animals offer some criterion from which their age can be estimated with more or less accuracy. * * The teeth are nearly the sole indices of the age of the horse, ass, elephant, camel, dog, and the polled varieties of the ox and
THE DENTAL SYSTEM. 59
elieep ; while in other domesticated animals, as the elk, deer, goat, common ox and sheep, the horns also present legible in- dications of the progress of time.
" Reference to the teeth to ascertain the horse's age is not hv any means a practice of recent origin. Xenophon, in his well-known work on horsemanshij), alludes to it as an estab- lished custom used in the selection of cavahy for the Grecian armies ; he properly advised a rejection of such horses as have lost the dental mark. The same facts are subsequently noticed by Yarro, Columella, Yegetius, and other Roman writers.
"The horse, when full mouthed, possesses forty teeth — twenty in each jaw. They are named from their use, position and character. Those in the front of the mouth, whose office it is to gather the food when grazing, are termed incisors, or more properly nippers. They are twelve in number, six above, and six below ; they do not overlap each other, as is the case in man, but meet in a broad tabular surface. From these teeth is principally deduced the age of the animal. For the sake of description, they are usually ranged in pairs, as they appear, and the first pair is called the central, the second the dividers, and the third the corner nippers. The tushes or canines come next, one above and one below on each side. They are of a pointed form, and are convex on the outer side, and slightly concave on the inner surface. They scarcely ever appear above the gums in mares, although their rudiments may be discovered on dissection, imbedded in the maxillary bones. They are con- sequently regarded as sexual distinctives. It is difficult to as- sign their use ; their position precludes the possibility of tlieir being used as weapons of offence or defence. They may be viewed as a link of uniformity so commonly traced in the ani- mated world. The grinders or molars are twenty-four in num- ber. They are teeth of great power. By them the food is comminuted, and prepared for the digestive action of the stomach. In order to fit them for their office, they possess ad- ditional interlayers of enamel, which prevent their too rapid w^ear. The arrangement and number of the horse's teeth may be represented by the subjoined dental formula.
" Incisors, | ; canines, in the male only, } ; molars, ^,^', = 40. In common with most animals, the horse is provided with two
60 THE H0K8E.
sets of teeth ; those appearing first are known as the temjporary^ deciduous^ or milli teeth, and are succeeded by the permanent set. On comparing the different magnitude of the jawbones of the colt and the adult horse, the necessity of such a change is at once apparent. By it the teeth are adapted to the size of the maxillary bones. The teeth, from their peculiar character and mode of growth, do not admit of any material increase of dimension, and nature was therefore forced either to place the large permanent teeth in small and disproportionate jawbones, or to adapt the size of the teeth by displacement to the growth of the bones that contained them. The latter process is adopted, and constitutes one of those remarkable evidences of creative power, with which the living frame is replete.
" Three substances enter into the structure of the teeth ; 1. The enamel. 2. The dental bone, or ivory ; and 3. A corti- cal envelope, surrounding the fang. The enamel difi'ers but little in chemical constitution from the osseous body of the teeth, and that principally results from the absence of animal matter in it. It appears closely analogous to the univalve por- celainous shells, and is the hardest and most indestructible sub- stance of the body. The dental bone is distinctly tubular ir^ structure, as was first demonstrated by Leuwenhoeck, in a com- munication made by him to the Philosophical Transactions of 1678, and this has been confirmed by the late microscopical re searches of Purkinje and Muller. These tubuli take a perpen dicular direction, and are exceedingly small, but capable of absorbing ink by capillary attraction. No such tubuli havt. been traced in the enamel. The teeth, both incisors and grind- ers, are being constantly worn away at the crown, but the los* is supplied by the gradual, continuous and equivalent growth from the root. The horse's teeth are sometimes, but not fre- quently, subject to disease. It is seldom that any of them arft lost from age, as is the case with man, and most other animals Blaine, in his Outlines of the Veterinary Art, p. 40, 4tb edition, institutes the following comparison between the respective age& of man and the horse.
" The constitution of horses and men may be considered as in an equal degree of perfection and capability of exertion, or of debility and decay, according as youth or age preponderates.
STKUCTUKE OF THE TEETH. 61
Tlius, the first five years of a horse may be considered as equiv- alent to the first twenty in man ; or thns, that a horse of five years old may be comparatively considered as old as a man of twenty ; a horse of ten years as a man of forty ; a horse of fif- teen as a man of fifty ; a horse of twenty as a man of sixty ; of twenty-five as a man of seventy ; of thirty as a man of eighty ; of thirty-five as a man of ninety. So far from this comparison being in favor of the horse, I am disposed to think it is too little. Horses of thirty-five years of age are as com- mon as men of ninety, provided it be taken into account that there are twenty human subjects for every horse; and, unques- tionably, a horse of forty-five is less rare than a man of a hun- dred and ten,"
To this it may be added, that the early English racers ap- pear to have been more addicted to longevity than those ot modern days, and the American horse generally than the Eng- lish ; probably because, in the former case, the hoi-se was not put to hard w'ork until his powers w^ere developed by an advance toward maturity. Two and three year old training was unknown until a recent date ; and, in the latter case, in America, horses generally are little used in harness, or for general work, until they have attained to five or six years.
We now proceed to consider the first appearance, and successive changes of the teeth, with the marks and their de- scriptions from the commencement unto maturity. The cuts and letter press of these are both borrowed from Mr. Youatt's admirable work.
" Seven or eight months before the foal is Fig. i.
born, the germs or beginnings of the teeth are visible in the cavities of the jaws. At the time of birth, the first and second grinders have appeared, large, compared with the size of the jaw, seemingly filling it. In the course of seven or eight days the two centre nippers are seen as here represented. Eig. 1.
" In the course of the first month the third grinder appears, above and below, and not long after, aiid generally before six weeks have expired, another inci- sor above and below will be seen on each side of the two first,
62
THE IIOKSE.
which hare now considerably grown, but not attained their per- fect height. This cut will then represent the aj^pearance of the mouth. Fio-. 2.
" At two months, the centre nippers will have reached their natural level, and between the second and third month the sec- ond pair will have overtaken them. They will then begin to wear a little, and the outer edge, which was at first somewhat raised and sharp, is brought to a level with the inner edge, and so the mouth continues until some time between the sixth and ninth month, when another nipper begins to appear on each side of the two first, making six above and below, and complet- ing the colt's mouth ; after which the only observable difterence, until between the second and third year, is in the wear and tear of these teeth.
"These teeth are covered with a polished and exceedingly hard enamel ; indeed it is so hard that it almost bids defiance to the action of a file. It spreads over that por- tion of the tootli which appears above the gum, and not only so, but as they are to be so much employed in nipping the grass, and in gathering up the animal's food, and in such employment even this hard substance must be gradually worn away, a portion of it, as it passes over the upper surface of the teeth, is bent inward, and sunk into the body of the teeth, and forms a little i^it in them. The inside and bottom of this pit being blackened by the food, constitute the marli of the teeth, by the gradual disappearance of which, in consequence of the wearing down of the teeth, we are enabled for several years to judge of the age of the animal.
" The colt's nipping teeth are rounded in front, somewhat hollow toward the mouth, and present at first a cutting surface, with the outer edge rising in a slanting direction above the inner edge. This, however, soon begins to wear down, nntil both sur- faces are level, and the mark, which was originally long and narrow, becomes shorter, and wider and fainter. At six months the four nippers are beginning to wear to a level.
" The annexed cut will convey some idea of the appearance of the teeth at twelve months. The four middle teeth are al-
6UCCESSI0N OF THE TEETH.
G3
most level, and the corner ones are becoming so. The mark in the two middle teeth is wide and faint, in the two next teeth it is longer, darker and narrower. In the fi?. 3.
corner teeth it is longest, darkest and nar- rowest.
" The back teeth or grinders will not guide ns far in ascertaining the age of the animal, for we cannot easily inspect them, but there are some interesting par- ticulars connected Avitli them. The foal is born with two grinders in each jaw, above and below, or they appear within two or three days after the birth. Before the expiration of the month they are succeeded by a third, more backward. Tlie crowns of the grinders are entirely covered with enamel on the tops and sides, but attrition soon wears it away from the toj), and there remains a compound surface of alternate layers of crusted petraser, enamel and iA'ory, which are employed in grinding down tlie hardest portion of the food. Nature has, therefore, made an additional provision for their strength and endurance. Fig. 4: represents a grinder sawed across. The live dark spots represent bony matter; the parts covered with lines enamel, and the white spaces a strong bony cement uniting the other portions of the teeth.
" At the completion of the first year a fourth grinder usually comes up, and the yearling has then, or soon afterwards, six nippers and four grinders above and below Fig. 4.
in each jaw, which, with the alteration in ^cse^^^^x
the nippers we have just described, will ^^^ \
enable us to calculate the age of the foal, subject to some variations arising from the period of weaning, and the nature of the food.
" At the age of one year and a half, the mark in the central nippers will be much shorter and fainter ; that in the two other pairs will have undergone an evident change, and all the nip- pers will be flat. At two years this will be more manifest. The accompanying cut, Fig. 5, deserves attention, as giving an
64
THE H0K8E.
accurate representation of the nippers in the lower jaw of a two- year-old colt.
" About this period a fifth grinder will appear, and now like- Fig. 5. wise, will commence another process. The first teeth are adapted to the size and wants of the young animal. They are sufficiently large to occupy and fill the colt's jaws, but when these bones have expanded with the increasing growth of the animal, the teeth are sep- arated too far from each other to be useful, and another and larger set is required. The second teeth then be- gin to push up from below, and the fangs of the first are ah- sot-hed^ until the former approach the surface of the gum, when they drop out. "Where the temporary teeth do not rise imme- diately under the milk teeth, but by their sides, the latter being pressed sideway are absorbed throughout their whole length. They grow narrow, are pushed out of place, and cause inconve- nience to the gums, and sometimes to the cheek. They are then called wolfs teeth, and they should be extracted.*
Tlie teeth which first appeared are first renewed, and therefore the front or first grinders are changed at the age of two years. Fig. 6. " During the period between the
fallinff out of the central milk teeth and the coming up of the perma- nent ones, the colt, having a broken mouth, may find some difficulty in grazing. If he should fall away considerably in condition, he should be fed with mashes and corn, or cut feed. The next cut, fig. 6, w^ill represent a three-year-old mouth. "The central teeth are larger than the others, with two grooves in the outer convex sur-
* Kote by Mr. Spooner. Although irregularities of the teeth sometimes occur, as mentioned in the text, yet the wolf's teeth are generaUy two smaU supplement- ary teeth appearing in front of the molar teeth ; and though supposed to have an injurious effect on the eyes, we have rarely, if ever, found that they produce any
THKEE-TEAK OLD MOUTH. bO
face, and tlie mark is long, narrow, deep and black. Not having yet attained their full growth, they are rather lower than the others. The mark in the two next nippers is nearly worn out, and it is wearing away in the corner nippers.
'■'■ Is it possible to give this raouth to an early two-year-old f The ages of all horses used to be reckoned from the first of May, but some are foaled even as early as January, and being actu- ally four months over the two years, if they have been well nursed and fed, and are strong and large, they may, with the inexperienced, have an additional year put upon them.* The central nippers are punched or drawn out, and the others ap- pear three or four months earlier than they otherwise would. In the natural process they would only rise by long pressing upon the first teeth, and causing their absorption. But opposi- tion from the first set being removed, it is easy to imagine that their progress will be more rapid. Three or four months will be gained in the appearance of these teeth, and these three or four months will enable the breeder to term him a late colt of the preceding year. To him, however, who is accustomed to horses, the general form of the animal, the little development of the forehand, the continuance of the mark on the next paii of nippers, its more evident existence in the corner ones, some enlargement or irregularity about the gums from the violence used in forcing out the teeth, the small growth of the first and fifth grinders, and the non-appearance of the sixth grinder, which, if it be not through the gum at three years old, is swell- ing under it, and preparing to get through — any or all of these cir- cumstances, carefully attended to, will be a suflicient security against deception.
" A horse at three years old ought to have the central perma- nent nippers growing, the other two pairs wasting, six grinders in each jaw, above and below, the first and fifth level, the others and the sixth protruding. The sharp edge of new incisors, al- though it could not well be expressed in the cut, will be very evident when compared with the old teeth.
" As the permanent nippers wear and continue to grow, a
injurious effect, either on the eyes or the mouth, and consequently it is useless to interfere with them. When, however, the teeth grow irregularly, the permanent ones appearing by the side of the temporary, the latter should be removed. * See Note + on page 73. YOL. I.—"
66
THE H0K8E.
narrow portion of the cone-shaped tooth is exposed by the at- trition, and they look as if they had been compressed, but it is not so. Not only will the mark be wearing out, but the crowns of the teeth will be sensibly smaller.
" At three years and a half, or between that and four, the next pair of nippers will be changed, and the mouth at that time cannot be mistaken. The central nippers will have attained nearly their full growth. A vacuity will be left where the se- cond stood, or they will begin to peep above the gum, and the corner ones will be diminished in breadth, worn down, and the mark becoming small and faint. At this period, likewise, the second pair of grinders will be shed. Previously to this may be the attempt of the dealer to give to his three-year-old an ad- ditional year, but the fraud will be detected by an examination similar to that which has been already described.
" At four years, the central nippers will be fully developed ; the sharp edge somewhat worn off, and the mark shorter, wider, fainter. The next pair will be wp, but they will be small, with the mark deep and extending quite across them, as in iig. T. The Fig. T. corner nippers will be larger than
the inside ones, yet smaller than they were, and flat, and the mark nearly effaced. The sixth grind ers will have risen to a leve with the others, and the tushes will begin to appear.
" Now, more than at any other time, will the dealer be anxious to put an additional year on the animal, for the difference between a four-year-old colt and a five-year-old horse, in strength, utilit} and value, is very great ; but the want of wear in the other nip- pers, the small size of the corner ones, the little growth of the tush, the smallness of the second grinder, the low forehand, the legginess of the colt, and the thickness and little depth of the mouth, will, to the man of common experience among horses, at once detect the cheat.
"The tushes are four in number, two in each jaw, situated between the nippers and the grinders, much nearer to the former
FIVE-YEAE-OLD MOUTH.
67
than the latter, and nearer in the lower jaw than the upper, but this distance increases in both jaws with the age. In shape, the tush somewhat resembles a cone ; it protrudes from the gum about an inch, and is sharp-pointed and curved. The appear- ance of this tush in the horse may vary from four years to four years and six months. It can only be accelerated a few weeks by cutting the gum over it. At four years and a half, or be- tween that and five, the last important change takes place in the mouth of the horse. The corner nij^pers are shed, and the j)ermanent ones begin to appear. The central nippers are con- siderably worn, and the next pair are commencing to show marks of usage. The tush has now protruded, and is generally a full half inch in height ; externally, it has a rounded promi- nence, with a groove on either side, and it is evidently hollowed within. The reader scarcely needs to be told that after the ris-
ing of the corner
nipper, the animal changes its name. The
Fig. 8.
colt becomes a horse, the filly a mare.
" At five years, the horse's mouth is almost perfect — ^fig. 8. The corner nippers are quite up, with the long deep jnark irregular in the inside, and the other nip- pers bearing evident tokens of in- creased wearing. The tush is much grown ; the grooves have al- most or quite disappeared, and the outer surface is regularly convex. Tt is still as concave within, and with the edge nearly as sharp, as it was six months before. The sixth molar is quite up, and the third molar is wanting. This last circumstance, if the general appearance of the animal, and particularly his forehand, and the wearing of the centre nippers, and the growth and shapes of the tushes be likewise carefully attended to, will prevent deception, if a late four-year- old is attempted to be substituted for a five-year-old. The nip- pers may be brought up a few months before their time, and the tushes a few weeks, but the grinder is with difficulty dis- placed. The three last grinders and the tushes are never shed. " At six years — see fig. 9 — the mark on the central nippers
68
THE HOESE.
is worn out. There will still be a difference of color in the cen- tre of the tooth. Tlie cement filling iij) the hole, made by the Pj„ 9 dij^ping of the enamel, will pre-
sent a browner hne than the other part of the tooth, and it will be evidently surrounded by an edge of enamel, and there will remain even a little depres- sion in the centre, and also a de- pression round the case of ena- mel ; but the deep hole in the centre of the teeth, with the blackened surface which it pre- sents, and the elevated edge ot enamel, will have disappeared. Persons not much accustomed to horses have been puzzled here. Tliey expected to find a plain surface of uniform color, and knew not what conclusion to draw when there was both discoloration and irregularity.
" In the next incisors the mark is shorter, broader, and fainter, and in the corner teeth the edges of the enamel are more regular, and the surface is evidently worn. The tush has at- tained its full growth, being nearly or quite an inch long, con- vex outward, concave within, tending to a point, and the ex- tremity somewhat curved. The third grinder is fairly up, and all the grinders are level.
" The horse may now be said to have a perfect mouth. All the teeth are produced, fully grown, and have hitherto sus- tained no material injury. Du- ring these important changes of the teeth, the animal has suffered less than could be supposed possible.
" At seven years — see fig. 10 — the mark, in the way in which we have described it, is worn out in the four central nippers, and fast wearing away in the corner teeth ; the tush also is beginning to be altered. It
Fig. 10.
SEVEN-TEAE-OLD MOUTH.
69
is rounded at the point, rounded at the edges, still round without, and beginning to get round inside.
" At eight years old, the tush is rounder in every way ; the mark is gone from all the bottom nippers, and it may almost be said to be out of the mouth. There is nothing remaining in the lottom nippers that can afterward clearly show the age of the horse, or justify the most experienced examiner in giving a positive opinion ! *
" Dishonest dealers have been said to resort to a method of prolonging the mark in the lower nippers. It is called Bishop- ing, from the name of the scoundrel who invented it. Tlie horse of eight or nine years old — for his mouth, see fig. 11 — is thrown, and Avitli an engra- rig. il
ver's tool a hole is dug in the now almost plain surface of the corner teeth, in shape resem- bling the mark yet left in those of a seven-year-old horse. Tlie hole is then burned with a heated iron, and a permanent black stain is left. The next pair of nippers are sometimes slightly touched. An ignorant man would be very easily deceived by this trick ; but the ir- regular appearance of the cavity, the difi'usion of the black stain around the tushes, the sharpened edges and concave inner surface of which can never be given again, the marks on the upper nippers, together with the general conformation of the horse, can never deceive the careful examiner.
" Horsemen, after the animal is eight years old, are accus- tomed to look to the nippers in the uj)per jaw, and some conclu-
* I have myself italicised this passage, because it is a common error in the United States, and one especially insisted on by dealers having old horses to sell, that the age can be positively ascertained even to ten, eleven or twelve years, so that it can be predicated of a horse that he is so old and no older ! This is an abso- lute fallacy. It is easy, from many general signs, to see that a horse is above eight years old, but impossible to judge certainly how much older ! The length and an- gularity of the nippers, the depth of the super-orbital cavities, and other points of conformation, may enable a good judge to guess comparatively, but never to speak Burely. H. W. H.
70 THE HOKSE.
sion has been drawn from the appearances which they present. It cannot be doubted that the mark remains in tliem for some years after it has been obliterated in tlie nippers of the lower jaw.
" There are various opinions as to the intervals between the disappearance of the marks from the different cutting teeth of the upper jaw.* Some have averaged it at two years, some at one. The author is inclined to adopt the latter opinion, and then the age will be thus determined. At nine years the mark will be worn from the middle nippers, from the next pair at ten, and from all the upper nippers at eleven. During these periods the tush is likewise undergoing a manifest change. It is blunter, shorter, and rounder. In what degree this takes place in the different periods, long and favorable opportunities can alone enable the horseman to decide. \
" The alteration in the form of the tushes is frequently un- certain. It will sometimes be blunt at eight, and at others remain pointed at eighteen.
" After eleven, and until the horse is very old, the age may be guessed at with some degree of confidence, from the shape of the upper surface, or extremity of the nippers. At eight they are all oval, the length of the oval running across from tooth to tooth ; but as the horse gets older, the teeth diminish in size — and this commencing in their width and not in their thickness. They become a little apart from each other, and their surfaces become round instead of oval. At nine, the cen- tre nippers are evidently so ; at ten, the others begin to have the oval shortened. At eleven, the second pair of nippers are quite rounded, and at thirteen, the corner ones have also that appearance. At fourteen, the faces of the central nippers become somewhat triangular. At seventeen, they are all so.
* How entirely doubtful, not to say fallacious, these indications must be held, it is only necessary to attend to the admitted variation of the best opinions on the subject. Mr. Youatt only inclines to his own belief. If the other, by chance, be the true one, his nine-year-old will be ten, his ten-year-old eleven, his eleven-year- old twelve. Q. E. D. H. W. H.
\ The very next sentence shows that nothing can enable any one to decide. Since, if the same signs are occasionally present at eight and at eighteen years, de- cision is impossible, and guess-work must be no more than vague and blind, as to what these signs may or may not indicate. H. W. H.
INDICATIONS OF AGE. 71
At nineteen, the angles begin to wear oflP, and tlie central teeth are again oval, but in a reversed direction ; viz., from outward, inward, and at twenty-one they all wear this form.
" It would of course be folly to expect any thing like a certainty in an opinion of the exact age of an old horse, as drawn from the above indications. Stabled horses have the marks sooner worn out than those that are * at grass, and crib- biters still sooner. At nine or ten, the bars of the mouth be- come less prominent, and their regular diminution will designate increasing age. At eleven or twelve, the lower nippers change their original upright direction, and project forward horizon- tally, and become of a yellow color.
" The general indications of old age, independent of the teeth, are the deepening of the hollows over the eyes ; gray hairs, and particularly over the eyes, and about the muzzle ; thinness and hanging down of the lips ; sharpness of the withers, sinking of the back, Jengthening of the quarters ; and the disappearance of windgalls, spavins, and tumors of every kind.
" Horses, kindly and not prematurely used, sometimes live to between thirty-five and forty-five years of age ; and Mr. Per- cival gives an account of a barge horse that died in his sixty- eecond year."
On this head of age, I should not have considered it worth the while to insert any thing beyond the cut of the complete aged mouth, fig. 11, with the description accompanying it, but for the prevalent opinion, constantly inculcated by interested dealers in the United States, that the age of a horse, after eight or nine years, can be as certainly and as exactly predicated by mouth-mark, and his exact age guaranteed accordingly, as pre- viously to that period.
* Iq relation to this, Mr. Spooner, in his appendix to Youatt on the Horse, Eng. ed. p. 486, decidedly demurs, in these words : — " A careful examination leads me to beUeve that the observation in the text, that the teeth are developed much earlier in young animals that are corn-fed and taken early into the stable, and consequently that in thoroughbred horses the changes of the teeth are earlier than in animals that remain in a state of nature, is erroneous. I think them, of the two, rather the more backward."
I note this discrepancy only to point out how dubious all indications, and how fallacious all judgments are, after eight years. H. W. H.
Y2 THE HOKSE.
It is easy for a judge to say that such a horse is nine years old, and p?'ohahly not much over that age, accordingly as there may be some remains of the mark in the upper nippers, and the tushes be not extremely blunted. And the odds are that he will not be far out of the way.
Nor would I myself hesitate to purchase an aged horse, which did not exhibit marks of extreme senility, if his general condi- tion, soundness, state of health and activity were entirely satis- factory, though I should not pretend to say myself, or to believe any one else who should venture to say, that such horse was above or below ten or twelve years.
The marks of extreme senility, when it has already super- induced emaciation, the shrinking of the textures, the failure of the organs of sense, and the general decay of the physical sys- tem, are not, of course, difficult to detect, or easy, when far advanced, to mistake.
But it is worthy of remark, that, although not, so far as I am aware, commented upon by any of the authorities, the first marks of such incipient senility are often fallacious.
Much stress is laid by many persons on the depth of the super-orbital cavities, and yet more on the length and extreme protrusion of the nippers beyond the gums, as also, in a less degree, on the hollowness of the back.
All these are doubtless indications of age, but I have many times seen colts, got hy sires in extreme age^ having all these in- dications of advanced life, in a degree scarcely inferior to those of the aged stallions, before they had yet acquired a full mouth, much less lost the mark.
And more than once or twice I have seen foals, newly dropped, with the deep super-orbital cavities and hollow backs bequeathed to them by their aged stallions before they had got their colt's teeth.
By this I do not intend to deny that the marks and indica- tions insisted on in the above quotations have some foundation in fact, and may, with very considerable qualification, be re- garded as signs whereon to hang a conjectural judgment, but I do mean most distinctly to assert, that there is not, nor ever has been, a horseman living, who, admitting that a horse is above nine or ten, at the very farthest, can ascertain and guarantee,
AGE BY KEGISTRT. 73
even to his own satisfaction, much less to that of others, that such animal may not be twelve, fourteen, or sixteen instead of ten ; although he might feel well satisfied that the horse de- scribed as ten may be, and almost surely is, nearer to the more advanced term. Yet even in this opinion he is liable, for the causes above given, though less liable than in the other, to be mistaken.
The moral of all this amounts simply to saying, that if one choose to buy a horse past mark of mouth, one must do so on his own judgment and at his own risk ; for to credit any asser- tions, or to give ear to any veterinarian opinion on the subject, is mere folly.
These remarks do not of course apply to horses which have run for public stakes under established names, or to the regis- tered and recorded stock of thorouo-hbred dam and sire. Their ages being ascertainable by the stud books and turf registers, the question is reduced to one of identity, and that, established, we are surer of the horse's age, than of our own by parish record.
EDITORIAL NOTES.
♦ (P. 57.) American Eclipse foaled 1814, died 184'?, in the thirty-fourth year of his age ; he covered mares and got foals the last year of his life.
•j- (P. 65.) The age of all turf horses in America, except in Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi, Georgia, South Carolina, and Florida, are reckoned from January 1st, and they are thus reckoned in England and France.
HISTORY
OF THE ENGLISH BLOOD-HOESE.
It being, in the first place, admitted tliat tlie English blood- horse is the most perfect animal of his race, in the wliole world, both for speed and endurance, and that the American blood-horse directly traces, without mixture, to English, and, through the English, to oriental parentage, it is absolutely necessary to revert to the origin and original creation of the former variety, in order to come at the pedigree, characteristics, and history of the latter.
With American blood-horses, it is not as it is with American men ; the latter may, in many cases, trace their descent to an admixture of the blood of many nations ; the former, on the contrar}'-, must trace to the blood of the English thoroughbred, or, if it fail to do so, must suffer in consequence of the taint of any foreign strain.
I do not, of course, mean to assert that, in a horse of unques- tioned excellence and performance, it would be a defect to trace to a new and recent cross of Arab or Barb blood ; but I do mean to say, that such pedigree would be of no. advantage to the character of the animal ; since it is clear that, by no oriental horse recently imported into Great Britain has the British blood-horse been improved — the Wellesley Arabian having got but one offspring of even moderate racing celebrity, Fair Ellen — while no horse of the pure blood of the desert, by any allow- ance of weight, has been enabled to win a race on the English Turf, though, within the last twenty years, many have been started for prizes.
It is believed that no Barb, Arab, or Turk imported into America, has ever got a horse of any true pretensions on the
EARLY BKITISH HORSES. 75
turf, or has ever been the winner of any important race ; and yet, within a few years, the last quarter of a century at the utmost, a considerable number have been introduced to this country, many of them gifts from sovereign potentates to dif- ferent Presidents of the United States, reputed to be of the noblest breed, and surely, as regal gifts, presumable to have been of true blood.
The theory and presumed cause of the worthlessness of Arab Sires at tlie present day, will be discussed hereafter, when we come to treat of breeding and the influence of lineal descent on the production and transmission of hereditary qualities in the horse.
It suffices, at present, to observe that the English race horse is now on all hands admitted to be an animal of superior hered- itary qualities to the pure-bred horse of the desert ; and that the race horse in America — the only country wherein he does not appear to have degenerated from his ancestry — ^is identical in breed and qualities with the progenitors, to whom he traces his pedigree.
In a work of the character to which this volume aspires only, absolute originality is not to be looked for ; nor, indeed, is it either desirable, or attainable. It must consist of informa- tion obtained at second hand, or even more remotely, from the most intelligent sources, whether travellers, breeders, sporting- men, or veterinary surgeons, and of statistics carefully compiled from authentic registers and records. Of these, therefore, I propose to avail myself largely, giving credit invariably to the Bources to which I am indebted ; and, in pursuance of this method, I proceed to quote, from an excellent little work, by William Youatt, reprinted from Knight's Store of Knowledge, re-edited and revised by Cecil, and printed in London during the past year, the following close and accurate account of the early history and gradual improvement of the English horse.
" That horses were introduced into Britain long before the Christian era, we have abundant evidence, and that the inhabi- tants had acquired great experience in their use is equally cer- tain. In the ancient British language Rhediad is the word for a race — rheder^ to run — and rhedecfa, a race. All these spring from the Gaulish rheda^ a chariot. Here, then^ is direct evi-
76 THE HOKSE.
dence that horses were introduced from Gaul, and that chariot- races were established at a very early period,"
I would here observe, that this evidence is not to my mind direct or conclusive, as to the fact of the introduction of the horse from Gaul ; although it is so, as to the antiquity of chariot- racing in both countries, and to the non-Eoman descent or introduction of the British or Gaulish animal. And my reason for so saying is that, as the blood, the religion and the language of the Britons were cognate if not identical with those of some, at least, of the Gallic tribes, it is no more certain that the Gallic Rheda is the theme of the British rJieder^ than that it is derived therefrom. It does, however, in a great degree prove that the Gallic and British horses were identical, and descended not from any breed transmitted through Greece and Italy, but from one brought inland to the northward of the Alps ; perhaps by those Gauls, wdio ravaged Upper Greece and Northern Italy, almost before the existence of authentic history ; perhaps by their original ancestors ; at all events, of antique Thracian or Thessalic descent, and, therefore, of remote but direct oriental race, in all probability again improved by a later desert cross, derived from the IN^umidian cavalry of the Carthaginian Barcas, long 23revious to the Caesarian campaigns in Gaul or the inva- sions of the sacred island of the Druids. This, however, is of small immediate moment, and is more curious and interesting to the scholar and the antiquary, than to the horseman or horse- breeder.
" From the diiferent kinds of vehicles, noticed by the Latin writers — the carruca, the covinus, the essediim, or war-chariot — it would appear that the ancient Britons had horses trained to different purposes, as well domestic as warlike."
Of the number of horses possessed at this period by the natives of Britain, I have already spoken ; and it is well observed by Youatt, in his larger work on the horse, that from the cumbrous structure of the car and the fury with which it was driven, and from the badness or non-existence of roads, they must have been both active and powerful in an extraordi- nary degree. " Csesar," he adds, though without stating his authority, " thought them so valuable, that he carried many of them to Rome ; and the British horses were, for a considerable
ATHELSTAlir's IMPORTATIONS. Y7
period afterwards', in great request in various parts of tlie Koman empire."
I regret that, owing to the omission of giving authority, I have been unable to verify the latter statement ; I have failed to discover any allusion to the facts stated, in the writings of Csesar himself; nor can I recall to mind any mention of British horses, in any of the classical authorities, whether in prose or poetry ; nevertheless, I presume, from the general care and truthfulness of this able writer, that there is no doubt as to the accuracy of his assertion.
" During the occupation of England by the Romans, the British horse was crossed to a considerable extent by the Ro- man horse" — continues the author in the volume first quoted ; for which I would myself, for reasons above stated^ prefer to sub- stitute hy the foreign horses of the Roman mercenary or allied cavalry — " and yet, strange to say, no opinion is given ])y any historian, Roman or British, as to the eftect of this. After the evacuation of England by the Romans and its conquest by the Saxons, considerable attention was paid to the Eiiglisli breed of horses, and we know that after the reign of Alfred, running horses were imported from Germany ;"'^ this being the first his- torical intimation we have of running horses in England. It is scarcely to be doubted that this importation produced a marked effect on the character of the native breed, but here, as before, no historian has thought it worth his while to record the fact of either improvement or deterioration.
"English horses, after this, appear to have been highly prized on the continent, so that the German horses which were presented by Hugh Capet to Athelstan had been turned to good account. The English themselves were, however, anxious to
* After this date, we have frequent mention of running horses in history, although the meaning of the term is not distinctly comprehensible. It certainly did not mean that which we now signify by the term, horses kept exclusively for the purpose of racing, as nothing of the sort is traceable in England, previous to the reign of Charles 1st. Probably it meant a horse of light and speedy action for the road or the chase, as opposed to the heavy destriers or war-horses, capable of carry- ing a man-at-arms in complete panoply, whose weight, added to that of the horse's own armor, could not have fallen far short of twenty-five horseman's stone, or 350 pounds, as we reckon in America.
78 THE H0E8E.
preserve the monopoly of the breed, for in* 930 A. D., a law prohibited the exportation of horses.
" In Athelstan's reign many Spanish horses were imported, whicb shows the desire of the English, even at that early period, to imjDrove the breed. It is no wonder that their descendants slionld have produced the finest horses in the world.
" Shortly before the Norman conquest a horse was valued at thirty shillings, a mare or colt at twenty shillings, an ox at thirty pence, a cow at twenty-four pence — these prices in case of their being destroyed or negligently lost — and a man at a pound." Money, it should be noted, then being equivalent to at least fif- teen times its j^resent value.
" William tlie Conqueror took great pains to improve the English, breed, introducing many fine animals from ^Normandy, Flanders and Spain. This monarch owed his success at Hast- ings chiefly to his cavalry ; his own horse was a Spanish one. In this reign we have the first notice of horses being employed in agriculture. They had been used for the saddle for many centuries, Bede informing us that the English began to use horses as early as * 631 A. D., and that peoj^le of rank distin guished themselves by appearing frequently on horseback.
" During the Conqueror's reign, the then Earl of Shrewsbury, Roger de Belesme, brought a number of Spanish horses to his estate of Powisland. The breed issuing from these is highly eulogzied by Giraldus Cambrensis and Dayton.
" In the reign of Henry I. we have an account of the first Arab horse imported into the country. It was presented by Alexander L, king of Scotland, to the church of St. Andrew's, wilh many valuable accoutrements, and a considerable estate. History, however, is silent as to the purposes to which this ani- mal was devoted, or as to what ultimately became of liim."
It has been well pointed out, in this connection, that the an- cient historians, being exclusively monks and churchmen, natu- rally paid little attention to the breeding of horses, which were held to belong to war rather than agriculture, and were forbid- den to their order ; and farther it may be observed that, until,
* It is not easy to comprehend what this is intended to convey ; since it is quite clear that they used cavalry long before the Christian era, and saddle-horses during the whole of the Roman occupation.
SMmrpTELD KACE3. 79
comparatively speaking, very recent times, no heed has been given to the statistics of agricultural or animal improvement, and little mention made of such matters, beyond a casual and passing notice, even by the best historians.
" The English," proceeds the work from which I quote, " had now " — that is to say in the reign of Henry I. — " become sen- sible of the value and breed of their horses ; and in the twelfth century a regular race-course had been established in London, this being no other than Smithfield, which was at once horse- market and race-course. Fitz Stephen, who lived at that period, gives the following account of the contests between the palfreys of the day.
" ' When a race is to be run by horses, which in their kind are strong and fleet, a shout is raised, and common horses are ordered to withdraw from out the way. Two jockeys then, or sometimes three, as the match may be made, prepare them- selves for the contest, such as are used to ride, and know how to manage their horses with judgment, the grand point being to prevent a competitor from getting before them. The horses on their part are not without emulation. They tremble, and are impatient and continually in motion. At last the signal once given, they hurry along with unremitting velocity; the jockeys inspired with the thoughts of applause and the hopes of victory, clapping spurs to their willing steeds, brandishing their whips, and cheering them with their cries.'
" This is a quaint and amusing picture of the dawning spirit of horse-racing. Crossing was evidently an acknowledged ac- complishment, and personal flagellations between competing jockeys not unfrequently resulted from excess of emulation. Fertile indeed must have been their imaginations, if they dreamed that their racing frolics would, in process of time, grow into an important national speculation ; much less could they have anticipated that their unsophisticated pastimes were the embryo of that fame, which has been acquired by England through the medium of the race-horse.
" This description, with the exception of the cries," — cross- ing and flagellation also I presume excluded — "might have formed part of the record of a modern race at Epsom, in the columns of a morning paper ; so national ie the English sport
80 THE HORSE.
of horse-racing, and so unchanged are its characteristics, in all but the existing gambling system, which lias been incorpo- rated with the efforts of the noble animal to reach the goal first.*
"The crusades now followed," continues my author, and, in what follows, I consider, and expect to show, that he is clearly
* In Strutt's Sports and Pastimes of the People of England, I find the following curious note : —
" In the Middle Ages there were certain seasons of the year, when the nobility indulged themselves in running their horses, and especially in the Easter and Whit- suntide Holydays."
*' In the old metrical romance of Sir Bevis of Southampton, it is said —
" In summer at Wliitsuntide, When Kniglits must on horse ride, A course let them make on a day, Steedes and Palfraye for to assaye, Which horse that best may ren. Three miles the course was then, Who that might ryde him shouldo Have forty pounds of ready golde."
Of this romance of " Sir Bevis of Southampton," it is impossible to verify the date, but its antiquity is undoubted. " It is a translation from the Anglo-Norman. Three MS. copies of this romance in English verse " — says Ellis, in his excellent work on Early Metrical Romances — "are still extant in our public libraries ; viz., in the Auchinleck 1*3. of the Advocates Library, Edinburgh ; in the Public Library, Cambridge ; and in that of Caius College."
Sir Bevis is pretended to have been a Saxon Earl, who lived at, or about, the time of the conquest — this, of course, being a fiction — as the whole romance is pure imagination, without any, the slightest, historical foundation. There are, however, strong reasons for assigning its composition to a very remote era, Mr. Ellis consider- ing it, for bibliological reasons, as anterior to the Romance of Richard Coeur de Lion, which he, elsewhere, from internal evidence, shows to have been nearly con- temporaneous with the death of that prince.
The poet is, it scarcely need be said, no authority for any practice, fashion, or custom, which he attributes to Sir Bevis, having really existed in the time to which he asci'ibes his hero ; but is excellent evidence to the fact that it existed in his own days. '
Thus, when we find in the relation of the Trojan wars, in the Homeric poems, no mention of cavalry or of the trumpet, we may well rest assured that they were not known to the poet. When, in Virgil's account of the same war, we read of mounted horsemen, of saddles, spurs, and clarions, we are convinced, not that these things were used by the belligerents before Ihon, but that they were so familiar to the writer, that he knew nothing contrary to their use, from time immemorial.
Here, therefore, we have an authentic record of something nearly resembling a real race, with a limited course and a valuable prize, in the latter part, at farthest, of the twelfth century — the Smithfield runnings described above seeming to savor more of horse-dealers' displays, in order to sell, than of real races.
THE CRUSADERS. 81
in error — " jet, though the opportunities of improving the Eug- hsh hreed of horses were great, from the facilities with which the finest oriental horses might have been obtained, no advan- tage seems to have been taken of them. A gloomy and super- stitious fanaticism solely occupied the minds of the warriors, and to this all useful purposes were sacrificed ; the English horses were none the better for their experience, though they must frequently have felt the su]3eriority of the oriental breed in actual warfare."
It would not be easy to find, in one so short passage, so many palpable mistakes. In the first place, it is not true that the crusades led, in no respect, to the amelioration of the Eng- lish breed of horses, much less that no fine oriental horses were imported — though, probably, it is quite true, that they were not imported for the purpose of improving the hreed / the sys- tem of interbreeding animals being a matter, then, entirely uncomprehended ; as indeed it has continued to be until a very recent date. Secondly, it is not true, that " a gloomy and su- perstitious fanaticism solely occupied the minds of the war- riors " — such warriors, be it remembered, as Eichard Cceur de Lion, Philip Augustus, and, at a later date, Edward I. of Eng- land— when it is patent, and distinctly so stated by William of Malmesbury, that the sciences of astronomy, arithmetic, music and geometry, and the rudiments of clock-making, were im- ported from the Saracens, either of Spain or of the Holy Land, by the crusaders. Lastly, it is most untrue, that the crusaders ever felt " the superiority of the oriental breed in actual war- fare ; " for not only is it clear that the Arab horse of that, or any other day, is utterly incompetent to support the weight of the steel-sheathed men-at-arms, who, during all the feudal ages constituted the real force of European armies, but it is on actual record that the light cavalry of Asia and Arabia never once stood the shock of the barbed chivalry of the West, while on one occasion, before the walls of Jafta, the English Eichard, with seventeen knights, " as we learn from the evidence of his enemies," says Gibbon, "grasping his lance, rode furiously along the front" — of sixty thousand Turkish horse — "from the right to the left wing, without meeting an adversary who dared to encounter his career." Vol. L— 6
82 THE HORSE.
It is stated by Mr. Youatt, although, singuhirly enough, ho maintains that the crusaders did not introduce eastern horses, that Richard I. did import two from Cyprus, Mdiich he ob- serves '■'■ jprolmlly ^'' he might have said certainly^ " were of eastern origin." The statement is made on the faith of an old metrical Romance, which is that entitled by the name of the monarch whose feats it celebrated, usually supposed to be of the time of Edward L, and contained in Ellis's Metrical Ro- mances. The lines are curious, as they indicate a full accjuaint- ance with various animals, natives of the East, and more par- ticularly with the especial qualities of the oriental horse, his speed and surefootedness.
These horses were named Favell and Lyard —
" In the world was not their peer, Dromedary, not destrere. Steed 'rabyte, ne camayl, That ran so swift sans fail, For a thousand pounds of gold, Should not that one be sold."
Destrere, it must be observed, is the old spelling of the word Destrier^ in ISTorman French, derived from the barbarous. Mid- dle Age Latin, Dextrarius signifying a war-horse. Edward I. also is known to have introduced horses from the East ; and that accurate and inquiring antiquary, Sir "Walter Scott, de- scribes his spirit, or the demon of the haunted camp under his form, in the noctural tourney with Alexander of Scotland, as being recognized by the horse he bestrode.
"Alike his Syrian courser's frame, The rider's length of limb the same."
It is notorious, moreover, and was one of the charges against the Templars, at the period of their downfall, that, being vowed to frugality and poverty, as was indicated by tlieir original em- blem of two Knights mounted on one charger, they had ex- pended vast sums in luxurious appliances, of no real utility, as Eastern horses, dogs and birds, for the chase and falconry, and other vain and worldly pleasures.
From this I gather, not by any means that the crusaders neglected or failed to perceive the peculiar excellencies of the
THE PLANTAGENETS. 83
oriental horses, much less avoided to import them ; hut tliat, when they did introduce them, it was not, as yet, with a view to the improvement of the English animal by crossing, but as a creature to be used for pomp or for pleasure, for the proces- sion, the park, or the hunting field.
Imported it undoubtedly was ; and, as it was in those days considered a reproach for a gentleman to ride a mare, they were doubtless stallions which would be introduced, and, as such, would surely cross the blood of the native horse ; not, it is pro- bable, with a view to producing chargers, but palfreys, and what were then styled running-horses.
Spanish hoi-ses, we have seen, had come to be renowned, as chargers, so early as the Norman conquest, but it is more than questionable whether their superiority was as yet known to arise from their being traceable, in nearly two thirds, to the blood of the Desert.
At this time, it would seem to have been considered desir- able to strengthen the English horse, and gain bone and bulk, rather than blood — not, I imagine, as Mr. Youatt suggests in the following sentence, for agricultural, but rather for military pur- poses ; in order to endure the ponderous burden of the mail-clad men-at-arms.
"King John," he says, "paid great attention to the im- provement of horses for agricultural purposes, and to him we are indebted for the origin of our draught-horses. He chiefly imported Flemish horses "—one hundred chosen stallions on a single occasion ; the Flanders horse being — as it was even in the time of Marlborough and Prince Eugene— the most ap- proved cavalry trooper—" and such was his anxiety to possess the finest stock from these, that he would accept strong horses as rent for crown-lands, and as fines for the renewal of leases His personal stud was both numerous and excellent."
" One hundred years afterward, Edward II. purchased thirty war-horses and twelve heavy draught-horses."
" Edward HI. devoted one thousand marks to the purchase of fifty Spanish horses ; and of such importance did he conceive this addition to the English, or rather mingled blood, then ex- istmg, that formal application was made to the kings of France and Spain to grant safe-conduct to the troop. When they had
84 THE HORSE.
safely arrived at the royal stud, it was computed tliat they had cost the monarch no less than thirteen pounds six shillings and eight pence per horse, equal in value to one hundred and sixty pounds of our money."
" This monarch had many running-horses. Tlie ])recisc meaning of the term is not, however, clear. It might be light and speedy horses in opposition to the war-horses, or those tliat were literally used for the j^urposes of racing."
Of course nothing like regular systematic racing, with courses, distances, w^eiglits and colors were as yet in existence ; but that testing the speed of their favorite coursers was, even before this time, an amusement of the English nobility, is made evident by the following historical anecdote. This fact is in- troduced, with much effect, by Mr. James, into one of his admirable romances, not the least of the merits of which is their close adherence to the letter as well as the spirit of the history of the times. The horse, which was lent for the purpose to which he was successfully applied, is described by the novelist as being a tall, gaunt, raw-boned gray, not remarkable for show, but of immense speed and endurance — but whether this minute description be taken from some ancient chronicle, or be merelj an ornamental amplification to aid verisimilitude, I know not.
Edward L, while prince of Wales, was taken prisoner with his father Henry HI., at the battle of Lewes, by Simon de Mont- fort, Earl of Leicester, at the head of the confederated barons. Being confined in a sort of free custody under the guardianship of certain knights and noblemen, who were enjoined at all times to have him in view, though treating him with all consideration due to his rank, he was permitted to take horse exercise in company with his gentle jailers. On one occasion, being furnished with a charger of surpassing speed by a secret partisan, and instructed how to profit by its powers, he set his guards to matching their horses one against the other, offering small prizes of honor to the winners ; until perceiving that the horses were all more or less worried, he proposed to enter him- self for a match with the last victor, when he easily rode away from the whole party, and won his liberty by the speed of his courser, and his own jockey ship.
In the reign of Eichard IL, horse-jockeyship and the tricks
EAELT VALUE OF THE ENGLISH HORSE. 85
of dealers had increased to sucli an extent, that a special pro- clamation was issued, regulating the price of animals of various kinds, and fixing a maximum value. Like all other sumptuary- laws and prohibitory statutes afifecting to regulate trade, this proclamation proved wholly useless and fell dead. It is curious, however, as proving the great increase in the value of horses, since the preceding reign, and " showing what were, four hun- dred and fifty years ago, and what are still, the chief breeding districts. It was ordered to be published in the counties of Lin- coln and Cambridge, and in the north and east ridings of Yoj-k. The price was restricted to that determined by former sover- eigns." Exportation of horses was strictly forbidden, especially to Scotland, as a kingdom with which England was constantly at war ; and it is remarkable, that, even in the time of Eliza- beth, it was felony to export a horse to Scotland.
These prohibitions, how contrary soever to recent and inore enlightened views as to the injurious efifects of such restrictions on the freedom of trade, distinctly prove two things. First, that the people and monarchs of England had now become fully awake to the value of race and breed in horses ; and, second, that the superior quality of English horses was thus early ac- knowledged abroad, and that the demand for them was sup- posed to be greater than the superfluity.
" We can now," I quote again from Mr. Youatt, " collect but little of the history of the horse until the reign of Henry VII. at the close of the fifteenth century. He continued to prohibit the exportation of stallions, but allowed mares to be exported, when more than two years old, and under the value of six shil- lings and eight pence. This regulation was, however, easily evaded, for if a mare could be found worth more than six and eight pence, she might be freely exported on payment of that sum."
This last sentence, I confess, with all deference to Mr. Youatt, is to me incomprehensible ; or rather it seems to be utter nonsense.
It is evident, from the spirit of the statute, which is intended to prohibit the exportation of valuable animals, and permit — • perhaps promote — that of worthless jades, that six shillings and
86 THE HOESE.
eight pence was, then, the tninimum price of a two-year-old mare.
The difficulty was, probably, not to find a mare of that age, over, but one binder, that value. It was, as in jyrice races, where the winner can be claimed for purchase at a low price, a prohi- bition on the valuable beast.
Xow, it is not easy to conceive where the ease of evading such a statute should lie. Since if six shillings and eight pence were the value, to the native breeder or dealer, of a very infe- rior animal, he Avould not — one should say — be very like to find one of greater value, and sell it to the foreign dealer, for less than it was actually worth to himself.
If Mr. Youatt merely means to say — what he does not say — that it would be easy to make a nominal sale at six and eight pence, while a much larger price should be secretly understood and paid, he merely predicates what is the case of every statute having reference to money values, bargains, bets, or borrow- ings ; and consequently the remark is of no value, or meaning.
In the reign of Henry YIII., many highly arbitrary statutes were passed, and doubtless enforced — for few of his enactments were not enforced, rigorously and unto terror — for the improve- ment of the horse.
It was decreed — and I cannot doubt, although Mr. Youatt seems to do so, with great advantage to the breed, however it might be to the owners — that no stallion should be suifered to run at large, on any waste or common, where the animals pas- tured, and were of course liable to breed promiscuously, under the height of fifteen hands, on 23ain of forfeiture ; and that all foals, fillies or mares likely to breed undersized or ill-shaped produce, should be killed and buried.
He also compelled, by act, all the nobility, gentry, and higher orders of the clergy, to keep a number of liorses propor- tionate to their rank ; and obliged, even, every country parson, " whose wife should be entitled to wear a French hood, or vel- vet bonnet," * to keep an entire trotting horse under penalty of twenty pounds.
* This was a sumptuary regulation. The wife of no person, below a certain rank in society, possessed of a certain annual income, being permitted to wear such a hood.
TIMES OF HENRY Vm. 87
I readily admit the liarslmess and arbitrary nature of sncli regulations, but I cannot imagine how " they should have the effect, which common sense would have anticipated — that the breed of horses was not materially improved, and the numbers sadly diminished."
The prohibiting, and in a great measure rendering impossi- ble, the production of offspring by undersized and ill-formed l^arents, is only compelling the whole unreflecting populace to do what every reflecting and intelligent breeder does voluntarily, because he knows it is for his own advantage to do it.
'No horseman can, I presume, doubt that, if such a thing were possible as absolutely to prohibit and prevent the use of stallions or mares, for breeding purposes, evidently broken- winded, with faulty forelegs, bad feet, spavined, or otherwise notoriously unsound, malformed, or jihysically defective, the race of animals would be immediately and materially im- proved.
If the qualities, whether defects or merits, of the horse, and of animals generally, whether physical or mental, be hereditary and transmissible with the blood, the improvement, which would result from such prohibition, is a necessary consequence.
If the qualities be not hereditary and transmissible, then the whole theory and system of breeding is a fallacy, and the blood- horse himself not a reality but a myth.
That such prohibitory enactments as that first named, com- pelling the destruction of undersized horses and mares on the public Avastes and commons, would naturally tend, if uncon- nected with any other statute on the subject, to diminish the number, while improving the standard, of all horses bred, is certain.
But we find here in Henry YIII.'s reign — wonderful reign, trul}', of a wonderful man — another enactment, far more arbi- trary than the preceding — rendering compulsor}^ the maintenance of so great a number of full-sized mares and stallions, in every deer park, and in every rural parish of the realm, as must have tended to bring about an increase of animals, bred of powerful and well-formed parents, equal, at least — in all probability, one would say, vastly superior — to that of the worthless jades, de- stroyed under the first clause of the act.
88 THE HOERE.
It is curious that we have nearly a contemporary account of horse-races, ridden by Henry himself, with Charles Bi^andon, Duke of Suffolk, in the presence of Queen Katharine, and that, in his I'eign, the first annual races, on a regular race-course, were established in England : so closely — it might be said, indi- visibly — is horse-racing, in its j^roper form, connected with the improvement of the horse.
" Katharine and the royal bride," says Miss Strickland, in her life of Katharine of Arragon, — the royal bride being Mary, Henry's favorite sister, widow of Louis XH. of France, and bride of Charles Brandon, — " rode a Maying with the king from the palace of Greenwich to Shooter's Hill. Here the archers of the king met them dressed like Robin Hood and his outlaws, and begged that the royal party would enter the good green- wood, and see how outlaws lived.
" On this Henry turned to the queen, and asked her, ' if she and her damsels would venture in a thicket with so many out- laws ? '
" Katharine replied. ' that where he went she was content to go.'
" The king then handed her to a sylvan bower, formed of hawthorn boughs, spring flowers and moss, with apartments adjoining, where was laid out a breakfast of venison. The queen partook of the feast, and was greatly delighted with this lodge in the wilderness : " here follows a long description of the pageants which they encountered on their return to Greenwich palace, concluding with this passage : —
" The amusements of the day concluded with the king and his brother-in-law, the Duke of Suffolk, riding races on great coursers, which were like the Flemish breed of dray-horses. Strange races these must have been," adds the lady writer, " but this is the first mention of horse-racing made in English history."
It is not the first mention, as I have shown above, but it may, perhaps, be considered the first instance of horse-racing being used as an acknowledged sport, and part of a series of regular and pre-devised entertainments — the rather that we find a race- course proper, with annual meetings and fixed prizes, first established in this reign.
THE TERM " GEEAT HORSE." 89
Miss Strickland, however, errs widely, and not unnaturally, as a lady is not expected to be skilled in the dialect of the horse-market, in the interpretation she puts on the words of the old chi'onicler, Hall, and on the character which she attaches to the Flemish Breed.
The term great courser^ as used in the text, or as it is, per- haps, more frequently written, great horse, means no more than war-horse, as opposed to palfrey or running-horse, and has no especial reference to the size, bulk, or breed of the animal, though doubtless the war-horse was a larger and heavier animal than that used for mere amusement.
Afterwards the term great horse, simply, is to be understood as the horse broken to the manege ; it is a term, familiar to any one acquainted with the old English writers, to say of a young gentleman, who had finished his physical education, that he could fence and ride the great horse, meaning that he could per- fectly ride the manege.
It is true, that the inferior men-at-arms, at this period, were mounted on Flemish horses, but the princes and nobles and other knights of renown rode Spanish or English horses, with a considerable strain of desert blood, possessing, through Flemish and other strains, bone and bulk sufficient to carry warriors in their panoply.
But it is not true that the Flemish horse of that day, or later, when Marlborough at the head of the Dutch and English cavalry, mounted on Flemish chai'gers, rode over the superb French gendarmerie of Maison Boi at Malplaquet, bore any resemblance whatever to the dray-horse of to-day, though he be also Flanders descent, any more than did the " Flanders mares " which were the highest aspiration of the extravagant court beauty in the days of Pope.
To any person, who knows any thing of cavalry tactics, it is evident that the utmost speed, compatible with the ability to carry weight, is the desideratum in a charger. And every one who has ever seen an English dray-horse knows that he cannot trot, much less gallop ; while I myself remember that within the present half century the old unimproved English carriage horse, high-stepping and awkwardly moving, was doing great work if he trotted six miles an hour, and could by no means be brought
90 THE nOKSE,
to gallop, even under the saddle, when he was Bometiuies backed hy an unfortunate groom or out-rider.
It is certainly true that heavier, slower, and coarser chargers were used when men fought in complete steel, than now M-lieu they charge in liuzzar dolmans and pelisses ; but the weight has been vastly exaggerated, and the breed deteriorated. Nor do I believe, that, were it possible to be proved, there was so much diiference between the chargers of the English men-at- arms Avho decided the fight at Cressy, and those which fought at Malplaquet and Dettingen, as there is between the latter and the British troop-horses lately serving in the East.
To proceed, however, in order, it was during ELenry'a occupancy of the throne, though the exact year is not known, that an annual race was run at Chester.
" The prize was a w^ooden ball embellished with flowers, fixed upon the jDoint of a lance. This diversion was repeated in the presence of the mayor of the city, and was celebrated on the Koodee, the identical spot where the races are held at this day. These trophies were provided by the company of saddlers. In the year 1540, a silver bell was substituted for the former prize, under the title of St. George's Bell." Hence comes the common phrase to " bear the bell," as equivalent to be the victor.
In the reign of Elizabeth, for some reason not clearly expli- cable, the number and breed of horses in England would both have appeared to degenerate ; for it is stated, that when she mustered the whole militia of her realm to resist the invasion of Don Philip, she could collect but three thousand horse.
Taking the statement to be true, however, which I cannot readily do, — seeing that at the period of the usurpation of Jane Grey and Dudley, only a few years earlier, the protector North- umberland was at the head of two thousand horse, and Queen Mary of a yet larger body, while the Princess Elizabeth, at a few days' notice, levied a thousand to defend her own and her sister's rights — I attribute it to other causes than the disuse of horses or decay of horsemanship in England.
It miglit,"^' if it be a fact, arise from the prohibition, enforced
* It is evident, howeyer, that, for all this allegation of deterioration of the ani- mal, in the reign of Elizabeth, blood bad already its full and due appreciation, and
THE MAEKIIAJM ARABIAN. 91
during tlie Tudor reigns, to the supporting bodies of armed retainers by the great nobles ; and niight rather point to the consequences of the decline of feudal militia, and the absence as yet of a regular cavalry force, than to the decay to so enor- mous an extent in so short a time of the equestrian resources of England, the people of which in their habits continued, both high and low, and still to this day continue, to be singu- larly equestrian, using the saddle infinitely more, and light vehicles immeasurably less, than the corresponding classes of the United States.
With the accession of James I. to the throne of England, a monarch, of whom it is well that one, by any scrutiny, may discover and declare one creditable feature, a great improve- ment was systematically wrought in the English breed, and from this period breeding was constantly and progressively attended to. James purchased Markham's Arabian horse at the then extraordinary price of £500, but lie was found to be deficient in speed ; and the Duke of I^Tewcastle, who then managed the king's racing and hunting studs, having, it is said, on this account taken a dislike to the horse, his breed does not seem to have been tested, and for a time Arabians fell into dis- repute.
Eace meetings were now regularly held at Newmarket,
that horses were valued in accordance to their pedigree, as apart from, or perhaps above, their performances ; and that to a degree which seemed absurd and idle to persons ignorant of the extent to which hereditary qualities are transmitted in the blood of horses, and which Bishop Hall considered so worthy of ridicule, as to hold it up to derision as a fallacy, in one of his satires : —
" Dost thou prize Thy brute beast's worth by their dam's qualities ? Say'st thou this colt shall prove a swift -paced steed? Only because a Jennet did him breed? Or say'st thou this same horse shall win the prize. Because his dam was swiftest Truncheflce, Or Runcevall his sire ; himself a galloway, "While like a tireling jade he lags half way ? "
The error of the worthy prelate, who is not expected to be a capital Turfman, in under-estimating blood, surely proves that in his day it was not generally under- estimated in England ; and it farther indicates the common and usual occurrence of running for prizes. In conjunction with what has been before shown, I think it goes far to prove that the alleged deterioration of the English horse, under Elizabeth, is imaginary ; and that the improvement of the animal in England has been pro- gressive from the first.
93 THE IIOKSE.
Croydon, Theobald's on Epping chase, Stamford, various places in Yorkshire, and, as of old, at Chester.* A regular system of
* In Strutt's Sports and Pastimes I find the following curious and suggestive no- tices of the early courses : —
The Chester Races. — " In 1665, 5th of Charles Second," according to a Chester antiquary, probably the elder Randal Holme of Chester, one of the heralds of the city, " the sheriffs would have no calves' head feast, but put the charge of it into a piece of plate to be run for on that day, Shrove Tuesday ; and the high sheriff bor- rowed a Barbary horse of Sir Thomas Middleton, which won him the plate ; and being master of the race, he would not suffer the horses of Master Massy, of Pud- dington, and of Sir Philip Egerton of Sutton, to run, because they came the day after the time prefixed for the horses to be brought and kept in the city, which thing caused all the gentry to relinquish our races ever since."
The Stamford Races. — " Races," continues Mr. Strutt, " something similar to those above, are described by Butcher, in his survey of the town of Stamford, first printed A. D. 1646, as practised in the vicinity of the town of Stamford in Lincoln- shire ; ' a concourse,' says he, ' of noblemen and gentlemen meet together, in mirth, peace and amity, for the exercise of their swift running horses, every Thursday in March. The prize they run for is a silver and gilt cup, with a cover, to the value of seven or eight pounds, provided by the care of the aldermen for the time being ; but the money is raised out of the interest of a stock formerly made up by the no- bility and gentry, which are neighbors and well-wishers to the town."
These two passages indicate, the latter even prior to the commonwealth, the existence of something very nearly allied to our present system of horse-racing, although necessarily without its nice and minute details, the result of long expe- rience, and a complete acquaintance with all the desiderata of the sport.
Here, however, we have stated meetings, a stated course, prizes given, partly, it is clear, to encourage the breed of horses, partly to attract company to the town, whose corporation, like that of Doncaster, to-day, profited by the influx of visitors.
From this time the sport has continued, unchecked, except for a short period during the foolish fanaticism of the Puritan usurpation — a fanaticism opposed by Oliver Cromwell, who himself owned race-horses, though perhaps he never ran them — until the present day, when it may be considered a national characteristic. James II. and William of Orange both encouraged horse-racing as the best means of improving the British horse. Anne, in whose reign the Darley Arabian and Cur- wen's Barb were imported, both kept running horses herself and gave an annual gold cup to be run for at York ; and the custom of giving king's plates to the value of fifty or a hundred pounds, for the ostensible purpose of fostering the breed of Enghsh horses, originated with her, and has been continued unto the present hour, the actual sums of money being run for, in lieu of manufactured plate, at almost every provincial course of any note in England. George IV. and William IV. were both ardent supporters of the turf; and the latter sovereign, at one time, owned a stud not easily to be surpassed in his realm, comprising the Colonel, Zinganee, and Fleur de lis — three incomparable animals, which I once saw, in 1830, come in first, second, and third, the rest of the field nowhere, running against one another for the Goodwood cup, the sailor king refusing, in his naval mood of blunt fair play, to declare, and insisting that the best animal of the three should win.
EARLY STEEPLE-CHASING. 93
training the horses, and of running according to weight, age and distance, was now introduced. Pedigrees were kept, the best and stoutest horses and mares being kept for breed, and their progeny being for the most part set aside for racing pur- poses.
" The races of King James were in great part," sajs Mr. Touatt, " matches against time, or trials of speed or bottom for absurdly long and cruel distances."
" There was, at first," he says elsewhere, " no course marked out for the race, but the contest generally consisted in running train-scent^^ — what is now known as a drag — " across the coun- try, and sometimes the most difficult and dangerous part of the country was selected for the exhibition. Occasionally our pre- sent steeple-chase was adopted with all its dangers and more than its present barbarity ; as persons were appointed cruelly to flog along the exhausted and jaded horses."
It is to be regretted that Mr. Youatt neither states the date of these performances, nor indicates his authority. He mentions them, however, previously, in f)oint of place, to his mention of King James's matches against time, wherefore I presume that they took place previously, in regard of occurrence. The fact is stated as if in relation to the races at Chester and Stamford, in the reign of Elizabeth.
Yet this seetns hardly to consist with the mention of the Roodee, which is and was a regular course.
Her present Majesty has never, nor has the prince consort, entered a race-horse for any prize, but they are constant attendants at the racing meetings, and a small but splendid royal stud of mares is now kept at Hampton Court, with success and profit.
Never, probably, has the turf been so popular in England, as it is now, since its purification by the late Lord George Bentinck ; never was it so efficiently supported, nor ever, I believe, despite all the silly outcries about deterioration of blood, decline of size and physique, and decrease of soundness, stamina, and stanchness, has the English or the American race-horse been equal, far less superior, to what it now is, either in perfection of blood, stoutness of constitution, symmetry, beauty, size, speed, or bottom.
But I will not anticipate ; this portion of the subject will be considered in a dif- ferent place ; and now, after a few general remarks on the now existing thorough blood of the Enghsh horse, I shall pass to that of America, which is identical with it, unless in so far as it may have been acted on by the influences of climate, or the mode of handling and treatment.
9i THE HORSE.
From tlie reign of Jamos I., however, the history of English racing and of the Englisli race-liorse may be lield to conimeuce, although no existing pedigrees trace so far hack.
I find a curious notice in Brandt's popular antiquities, which ajDpears to relate to this period, if one may judge by the con- text ; the date of Misson's travels I have not yet been able to ascertain, but the collocation of the sentences seems to indicate that it was prior to 1641.
" Misson, in his travels in England, translated by Ozell, p. 231, says : ' The English nobility take great delight in horse- races. The most famous are usually at Newmarket, and there you are sure to see a great many persons of the first quality, and almost all the gentlemen of the neighborhood. It is pretty common for them to lay wagers of two thousand pounds sterling upon one race. I have seen a horse after having run twenty miles in fifty-five minutes, upon ground less even than that where the races are run at Newmarket, and won the wager for his master, would have been able to run anew without taking breath, if he, that had lost, had ventured to run again. There are also races run by men.'
"In Ilinde's Life of Master John Bruen, a Puritan of great celebrity, 1611, p. 101, the author recommends ' unto many of our gentlemen, and to many of inferior rank, that they would give over their foot-races, and horse-races, &c.'
"A proclamation was issued by the Protector Cromwell, 8th April, 1658, 'prohibiting horse-races in England and Wales for eight months.' "
I have extracted the three quotations, though it is the first only, which I especially regard in this place — supposing it to have some relation to "the absurdly long and cruel distances" of Mr. Youatt — in order to show how their relative bearing would appear to countenance the idea of its date being that of King James I. or early in the reign of Charles I.
It is, and is acknowledged and admitted to be, a fact, that Barbs and Turkish horses had, long before the period of the commonwealth, been imported into England — although with the exception of the horse, mentioned before as introduced by Alexander I. of Scotland — the Markham Arabian is probably the first of this strain ever brought into the British Isles; yet
TURKISH HOUSES IN ENGLAND. 95
I cannot, myself, perceive wherefore the rejection of this Arab should be charged, as it generally appears now to be, as an error, against the Marqnis of Newcastle, the same who gallant- ly commanded for the king at Marston Moor, and would have won for him his battle, and perhajjs his crown, but for the mad and selfish impetuosity of Rupert.
This is, however, nothing to the point, however much it may be so that he was considered the best horseman and tlie best judge of horses of his day, and that he has left, as a legacy to posterity and a bounty to all those who love that noble animal, incomparably the best old English work on the horse.
It is now pretty generally admitted that, whether Barb, Turk, Syrian, or Arab of the desert proper, all oriental blood has had its share and influence in reinvigorating the blood of the .English thoroughbred, and giving to it those peculiar qual- ities which cause it, with justice, at this day, to be esteemed the best, completest, and most perfect animal in the world.
In what degree these animals have ministered to our now dominant strain, is by no means to be ascertained ; but it is to be noted that most of the early imported foreign stallions were not Eastern Arahs.
During the protectorate, Oliver Cromwell, who, though he was compelled by the necessity of conciliating the absurd j)re- judices of the Puritans, to forbid racing, was yet an ardent lover of the horse, and an earnest promoter and jjatron of all that belongs to horsemanship, purchased of Mr. Place, after- wards his stud-master, the celebrated " White Turk " — still re- corded as the most beautiful south-eastern horse ever brought into England, and the oldest to w^hich our present strain refers. To him succeeds Yilliers, duke of Buckingham, his Helmsley Turk, and to him Fairfax's — the same great statesman and brave soldier, who fought against ISTewcastle at Marston — Mo- rocco Barb.
And to these three horses it is that the English race-horse of the old time chiefly owes its purity of blood. If we except the royal mares, specially imported by Charles II., to which it is — mythically, rather than justly — held that all Enghsh blood shoald trace.
Of all succeeding importations, those, which are principally
96 THE H0E8E.
known and referred to, as having notoriously amended our horse — by proof of stock begotten of superior qualities, and victorious on the turf through long generations— but few are true Arabs.
We have, it is true, the Darley Arabian, the Leeds Arabian, Honey wood's White, the Oglethorpe, the Newcome Bay Moun- tain, the Damascus, Cullen's Brown, the Chestnut, the Lonsdale Bay, Combe's Gray and Bell's Gray Arabians ; but what is generally called the Godolphin A^'obia^i, as it seems now to be the prevailing opinion — his origin not being actually ascer- tained— was a Barb, not an Arab from Arabia proper. Against these, again, we iind Place's White Turk, D'Arcey's Turk, the Yellow Turk, Lister's or the Straddling Turk, the Byerly Turk, the Selaby Turk, the Acaster Turk ; Curwen's Bay Barb, Comp- ton's Barb, the Thoulouse Barb, Layton's Barb Mare, great- great-grandam of Miss Layton ; the Royal Mares, which were Barbs from Tangier, and many other Barb horses, not from the Eastern desert, heading the pedigrees of our best horses.
In this connection, I would observe that the very reasons for wdiich the Marquis of ISTewcastle condemned the Markham Ara- bian— viz., that when regularly trained he could do nothing against race-horses — on account of which condemnation he has received a sneer or a slur from every writer who has discussed the subject, are those which, at this very moment, prevent prudent breeders from having recourse to oriental blood of any kind.
They cannot run or last against the English horse. They have not the size, the bone, the muscle, or the shape, if we ex- cept the beautiful head, the fine neck, thin withers, and admira- bly long, deep and sloping shouklers, which are the inevitable characteristics of the race. Therefore, all men who breed with an eye to profit, — and howsoever it might have been in the olden times of the Turf, there are few now who have not an eye to it, either as hoping to win on the turf, or to produce sala- ble stock — prefer to put their mares to known English winning horses, proved gettei's of winners, of unquestioned bottom and stoutness, rather than to try stallions of the desert blood, con- cerning which nothing is known beyond the attested pedigree, and the visible shapes
BAEB VS. ARAB. 97
Al] this being considered, and especially the fact that there is more Turk and Barb than real Arabian blood in the j^resent race, when it is admitted also that Newcastle was a consummate liorseman, I think it quite as well to hear what he has to say for himself, and not to continue uttering, what Mr. Carlvle would call inarticulate howls over what cannot, at all events, now be helped, and perhaps was not any harm in the beginning.
" I never saw," says he, ed. of 1667, p. 73, " but one of these horses, which Mr. John Markham, a merchant, brought over, and said he was a right Arabian. He was a bay, but a little horse, and no rarity for shape, for I have seen many English horses far finer. Mr. Markham sold him to King James for five hundred pounds, and being trained up for a course, when ho came to run, every horse beat him."
Of this statement, Mr. Youatt, who decides ex cathedra that the Marquis's opinion was " probably altogether erroneous " — one does not see why so, unless because, on all other points, it is almost invariably sound — makes quite a diflferent one, ascrib- ing to the old writer a dictum, which he uses not, namely, that " this Arabian was a little lony horse." The introduction of the word 5ow,y, carries much with it; so much that in all likeli- hood, if the horse had been bony, the Marquis might have held a different opinion concerning the propriety of breeding from him.
As it is, we can only hold that his view was a correct one ; the horse when tried could not run, and when examined as to form was found inferior. For these causes, he was ruled out as a stock getter. So would any horse be niled out to-day, if he were an Arab bearing visibly on his forehead the seal of King Solomon himself, or if he were an English thoroughbred, de- scended, through all the time-honored magnates of the Turf, from that most unimpeachable of all attainable ends, an im- ported Eastern sire, and a royal mare.
It is, I think, worthy of notice, that ISTewcastle, who was a scholar, a travelled man, an observer and a gentleman, as well as a soldier and a horseman, distinctly records his preference of the Spanish horse to any other strain of blood existing in his time, and in doing so directly refers to the Barb, for service, though not in those terms, as a racing dedliorb. And it is observable. Vol. I.— 7.
98 THE HORSE.
that the very authors who attack liim, borrow his descriptions of the various races, without acknowledgment.
" And the Marquis of Seralvo " — says he, in his preface — " Master of horse to his Highness, and Governor of the castle of Antwerp, told his Highness, that he had asked me, ' what horses I liked best ? ' and that I had answered, ' there w^ere good and bad of all nations ; but tliat the Barbs were the gen- tlemen of the horse kind, and Spanish horses, the princes.' "
In commenting, afterward, on the various races, and their fitness for the stud, he thus speaks of the Spanish horse, and thus of the Barb. I quote these various passages, for two rea- sons, which I shall explain hereafter. " If he be well chosen, I assure you lie is the noblest horse in the world. First, there is no horse so curiously shaped, all over from head to croup. He is the most beautiful that can be. For he is not so thin and ladylike as the Barb, nor so gross as the IN^eapolitan ; but be- tween both. He is of great spirit, and of great courage, and docile ; hath the proudest walk, the proudest trot, and best ac- tion in his trot ; the loftiest gallop, the swiftest careers, and is the lovingest and gentlest horse, and fittest for a king in a day of triumpli to show himself to liis people, or in the head of an army, of any liorse in the world.
" Therefore, there is no horse so fit to breed on, as a Span- iard ; either for the manege, the war, ambling for the pad, hunting, or for running. Conqueror was of a Spanish horse. Shotten Herring was of a Spanish horse. Butler was of a Spanish horse, and Peacock was of a Spanish mare ; and these beat all the horses in their time, so much as no horse ever ran near them.
" I say he is absolutely the best stallion in the world, for all these things I have formerly named, if you do wisely appro- priate such mares to him, as shall be fit for uses such as you would have your breed, and so he is fit for all breeds, except to breed cart horses.
" Tlie king of Spain hath many, but his best is at Cordova in Andalusia, where he hath above three hundred mares and colts, as my Lord Cottington told me ; and besides those of his majesty, there are other most excellent races, not only of noble- men, but also of private gentlemen."
THE BAKB. 99
Next, in position, speaking of the Barb, he discourses in this fashion.
" The Barb is next to the Spanish horse for wisdom, but not near sp wise, and that makes him easier to be drest, besides he is of a gentle nature, docile, nervous and light.
" He is as fine a horse as can be, but somewhat slender, and a little ladylike ; and is so lazy and negligent in his walk as he will stumble in a bowling green ; he trots like a cow, and gal- lops low, and no action in any of those actions. But commonly lie is sinewy and nerv^ous, and hath a clear strength, is excellently winded and good at length, to endure great travel ; and very apt to learn, and easy to be drest, being for the most part of a good disposition, excellent apprehension, judgment, memory ; and when he is searched and wakened, no horse in the world goes better in the manege in all ayres whatsoever, and rarely upon the ground in any.
" The mountain Barbs, they say, are the best ; I believe they are the largest ; but for my part I rather desire a middling horse, or a less horse, which are cheap enough in Barbary, as I have been informed, both by many gentlemen, and many merchants."
Of the Fris horse — that, I conceive, which we now term the Flemish or Flanders horse, he says —
" He is hardy, and can live on any thing, and will endure either heats or colds ; and on no horse whatsoever does a man appear more a swordsman, than on this horse, being so quiet, so bold, and so assured.
" He is also manly, and fit for any thing but running away ; though he will run fast for a while, yet I doubt not long ; be- cause his wind is not like a Barb ; yet a heavy man well armed upon a Barb, and the same w^eight upon a Dutch horse, the Dutch horse's strength is so much above the Barb's, as compared thus, I believe the Dutch horse may run as fast and as long as the Barb ; for the Barb's wind serveth to no purpose, when his strength is not able to carry his weight."
On these passages I would observe, what will be yet more decidedly apparent when I come to quote from the same writer his remarks on the English horse, that it is quite too absurd to endeavor to ignore or set aside his reasonings, as if he were
100 THE HOESE.
ignorant, or careless in giving his judgment, because lie lived above two centuries ago ; when we lind that, in every respect, lie rests his judgment on precisely the same grounds on wliich the wisest and best judges of the present day, with all the lights of science and all the statistics of two hundred years to guide them, would determine their choice of a stallion, to which they should put their choice blood mares — temper, spirit, form and 'performance.
The last word I use in its largest and most comprehensive term, performance in the stud, as well as performance in the iield. For it is not every performer on the turf, that is a per- former in the stud.
Many of the greatest winners have utterly failed to beget winners. Catton, the stoutest and hardest horse of his day, in England, always got soft ones. In America, Chateau-Margaux, the most honest horse and best four-miler, on the British turf, and, therefore, thought pecidiarly suited for American stock- getting, has scarcely got a winner. Priam, the crack of his day, winner of the Derby, and should have been winner of the Leger also, but for the accident of mud hock deep which gave the race to the worthless Birmingham, has not only not improved, but actually deteriorated the racing blood of America, as regards form and power wherever he has altered it.*
Yet both these horses were of unquestionable blood, and, except that Priam was too leggy for my taste — though I have heard him called, and that by judges too, the perfection of horseflesh — were both eminently sound and finely formed horses.
The old Marquis, however, prefers the Spanish horse, he tells us, after his temper, shape, and blood, because he is him- self a winner and a sure getter of winners.
This is the true test — the winner, who gets winners, is the horse from which to breed.
And this brings me to another point. It will be admitted now beyond a doubt, that any practical and prudent breeder of the day would prove his prudence and practice by choosing an undeniable English stallion — say, for example Glencoe, himself a great winner, and perhaps the greatest modei-n getter of win-
* See Note * on page 107.
ESTABLISHMENT OF THE ENGLISH TURF. 101
ners, before any unknown, technically speaking, darJi^ Arab or Barb horse, however beautiful, that should now be imported.
The same was, then, the opinion of a great breeder and greater rider in his day, founded as it seems on experience, for any thing except race-horses, if not for race-horses — in speaking of breeding especially for the turf, he afterward gives the pre- ference to the Barb.
Now, it seems to me more than possible, more even than probable, that there was in those days, in Spain, a breed of the best Spanish horses, which might trace directly, or as nearly directly as the best English horses now do, to oriental dam and oriental sire ; and that, consequently, there may have been as just a reason for preference of the then Spanish to the then Eastern stallion, as there is for that of the present English thoroughbred to the present untried courser of the Desert ; and that, therefore, there may be in the present pure blood-horse of Great Britain and America, yet another unsuspected cross of pure Desert blood, from an unsuspected source.
In the reign of Avliich the Marquis of Newcastle writes, that of Charles IL, the English Turf was for the first time fairly established. That king sent his master of the horse to the Le- vant especially to import both mares and stallions, and it is through these females, known as the royal mares, that our pre- sent race-horse draws his claim to pure blood, since it is evident that, but for these, there must have been in all, as there is undeniably in some, of the best English thoroughbreds, an infinitesimal taint of common, or at least of improved blood. For, though one were to cross the pure blood of the Desert ten thousand times on the produce of a common-bred dam, one fraction of a drop of the impure blood must remain there ad iiijlnituin.
Perhaps it may appear paradoxical in me to say so, but I must say, that I believe the undoubted superiority of the thoroughbred English and American blood-horse to come from the very existence of this mixture of various crosses Avitli the oriental blood.
A remarkable calculation has been entered into by a very clever and observant modern writer on the horse, " Cecil," to whom I gladly record my obligation, to prove how extremely
102 THE HORSE.
small a quantum of any given blood remains, after a given number of crosses, in the veins of any animal ; yet Low vastly that minimum quantity affects the quality of the descendant.
" The pedigrees of many horses of celebrity," he says, ■" may be traced back to Childers, the Darley Arabian, and other worthies of that date ; but where there is only one direct line of descent, the following calculation will show how little of the blood flows in the veins of the present generation. It may be considered that these horses flourished about a century ago, and taking ten years as a generation, a lineal descendant of a horse of that period only possesses ^ oVt portion of the blood.
The 1st cross had i The 6th cross had ■^\
2nd " 1 Tth " tIt
3rd " i 8th « ^i«
4th " tV 9th " xK
5th " ^V 10th
u
Farther crosses diminish it in a still more striking degree.
I now come to the Marquis of Newcastle's last piece of ad- vice to breeders ; and after briefly showing, by the example of a few illustrious horses to which, more or less directly, our best American blood traces, how implicitly his advice has been fol- lowed, I shall conclude my history of the English horse, with the pedigree of the far-famed Eclipse ; and those of three or four others, notable as the sources of the best American blood.
" If you would have mares to breed running horses of, then they must be shaj)ed thus ; as light as possible, large and long, but well shaped, a short back but long sides, and a little long- legged ; their breast as narrow as may be, for so they will gallop the lighter and nimbler, and run the faster, for the lighter and thinner your breed for galloping the better. Your stallion by any means must be a Barb, and somewhat of the shape that I have described the mares to be of. For a Barb, that is a jade, will get a better running horse than the best running horse in England ; as Sir John Fenwick told me, who had more expe- rience in running horses, then any man in all England. For he had more rare running horses than all England beside, and the most part of all the famous running horses in England that ran, one against another, were of his race and breed.
ORIENTAL HORSES. 103
" Some commend the Turks very mucli for a stallion to breed running liorses, but they are so scarce and rare, that I can give no judgment of them ; and therefore I advise you to the Barb, which I believe is much the better horse to breed running horses."
On this passage I have only to remark, that the observations on the shape of the brood mares are to be taken as comparative, not positive, and that the comparison is instituted not as of thoroughbred with thoroughbred, but as of thoroughbred with the coarse common heavy mare of the day, and it would seem to follow, that the preference of the Marquis for the Barb is fully borne out by the pedigree of Eclipse, in which it will be seen there is but one genuine Arabian, all the other oriental strains being either Barb or Turk, of one of which stocks, it is well ascertained that all the royal mares of Charles II. are derived.*
* The following list comprises some of the earliest recorded importations of Oriental stallions into England, with notices of their stock as far as known. Markham's Arabian, Temp. James I,
Failed as a racer. His stock, if any, unknown. Plaice's White Turk, ^
The Morocco Barb, V Temp. Commonwealth. The Helmsley Turk, ) To one or other of these many of the best horses in England and America directly trace. To the last. Eclipse and Highflyer, in the female line. The Damascus Arabian. ^
Three Turks, from Hamburgh, 1684, V Temp. Charles II. The royal, Barb or Turkish, mares. ) To the latter^ with scarcely an exception, every celebrated horse in England or America, in some sort traces a portion of his blood.
Evelyn, in his Memoirs, vol. I., p. 577, thus describes the Turkish horses from Hamburgh : —
" Early this morning I went into St. James's Park to see these Turkish or Asian horses, newly brought over, and now first showed to his majesty. There were four, but one died at sea, being three weeks coming from Hamborowe. They were taken from a Bashaw, at the siege of Vienna, at the late famous raising that leaguer. I never beheld so delicate a creature as one of them, of somewhat a bright bay, two white feet, a blaze ; such a head, eyes, ears, neck, breast, belly, haunches, legs, pas- terns, and feet, in all regards beautiful and proportioned to admiration ; spirited, proud, nimble, making halt, turning with that swiftness, and in so small a compass as was admirable. * * * They trotted like does, as if they did not feel the ground ; 500 guineas was demanded for the first ; 300 for the second, and 200 for the third, which was brown. All of them were choicely shaped, but the two last not altogether so perfect as the first."
104 THE HORSE.
With regard to the blood of our thoroughbreds of to-day, " Cecil " speaks, in conclusion, thus, and with no passage can I
V Temp. James II.
It is not, I believe, known what became of these horses, or what stoclc they produced.
The Byerly Turk, Lister's or the Straddling Turk, Both these horses produced good stock. The latter "Brisk," "Snake," and other celebrated stallions.
The Darley Arabian, ^ Curwen's Barb, v Temp. Queen Anne.
Lord Carlisle's Turk, \ The former, sire of Flying Childers, and the most famous progenitor, on the whole, ever imported — the latter sire of the Bald Galloway, and other famous
horses.
The Godolphin Arabian, Temp. George II.
sire of Blank, Regulus, &c., &c., and the last Oriental horse, from which the British turf has derived permanent or positive advantage. The Winter Arabian did little or nothing for the improvement of our blood, and the Wellesley Arabian — which is said, however, to have been neither perfect Arabian nor perfect Barb — got but one offspring, fair Ellen, of even ordinary pretensions on the turf. Sampson and Bay Malton, though the best horses of their day, had both a strain of base blood.
I have yet to learn that any of the Eastern horses sent to this country — three to Gen. Jackson, in 1833 or 1834, by the Dey of Algiers, several by the Sultan of Mus- cat in 1839, one imported, I beheve from Tripoh, by the late Commodore ElUott, and others — have done any thing to maintain their repute as stock-getters.
I myself owned a large chestnut stallion, above 16 hands in height, by one of the former, Zilcaadi, out of a Sweetbriar mare, which had a fair turn of speed, though not such as to justify training him. He had power, and was a fine fencer, so that I had designed training him for the Montreal hurdle races in 1838, when he w^as in- curably lamed by the carelessness of a groom. He was sold and sent to the Havana, as a stallion, but what became of him, or what he did, I know not. This is the only Eastern bred horse I have ever known in the United States.
The following list shows the number of all the foreign and all the most celebrated native stallions, descended, more or less remotely, from Arabian or African strains, which were covering in England in 1*730, from which date the use of Oriental stock began to decline, as it has continued to do gradually until the present day, when it seems to be the fact that the Enghsh thorough blood is no longer susceptible of im- provement by a farther infusion of Oriental blood.
rOEEIGN STALLIONS, IN 1730.
The Alcock Arabian, The Godolphin Arabian,
The Bloody Buttocks Arabian, Hall's Arabian,
The Bloody Shouldered Arabian, Johnson's Turk,
The Belgrade Turk, Litton's Arabian,
The Bethel Arabian, Matthew's Persian,
Lord Buriington's Barb, Nottingham's Arabian,
Croft's Egyptian horse, Newton's Arabian,
The Cypress Arabian, Pigott's Turk,
BUSTLER.
105
more fittingly close my liistory of the blood of the present Eng- lish race-horse, except it be by the pedigree of its noblest son.
" The Royal mares ! " says he, " from one of which in the maternal line the genealogy of Eclipse is traced. The pedigree of his sire, Marske, is somewhat obscure ; it goes back through eight generations to a daughter of Bustler, but how her dam was bred there is no authority to decide. It may be conjec- tured that she was descended from some of the worthies which distinguished themselves on the course in the reign of James I. There are several examples of a similar nature traceable in the stud-book, which lead to the conclusion that during the early periods of breeding for the turf,' mares used for ordinary pur- poses were occasionally selected in case they evinced s]3eed and stoutness, without reference to their oriental pedigrees.
'•■ The pedigree of Highflyer affords a similar instance to that of Eclipse, and singular to relate, runs precisely into the same strain of blood. On his dam's side he can be traced to a royal mare, but in the paternal line his genealogy terminates in a mare, which produced a filly from Bustler, which horse was a son of the Helmsley Turk.*
" Although there are scarcely any horses on the turf at the
|
The Duke of Devonshire's Arabian, Strickland's Arabian, |
||
|
Greyhound, a Barb, Wynn's |
Arabian. |
|
|
Hampton Court |
grey Barb, Dodsworth, a Barb. |
|
|
NATIVE STALLIONS, IN 1730 |
||
|
Aleppo, |
Doctor, |
Jigg- |
|
Almanzor, |
Dunkirk, |
Lamprey, |
|
Astridge Ball, |
Easby Snake, |
Leedes, |
|
Bald Galloway, |
Fox, |
Marricle, |
|
Bartlett's Childers, |
Foxcub, |
Oysterfoot, |
|
Basto, |
Graeme's Champion, |
Partner, |
|
Bay Bolton, |
Grey Childers, |
Royal, |
|
Blacklegs, |
Grey Crofts, |
Shuffler, |
|
Bolton Starling, |
Hampton Court Childers, |
Skipjack, |
|
Bolton Sweepstakes, |
Harlequin, |
Smales's Childers, |
|
Cartouch, |
Hartley's Blind Horse, |
Soreheels, |
|
Chaunter, |
Hip, |
Squirrel, |
|
Childers, |
Hobgobhn, |
Tifter, |
|
Cinnamon, |
Hutton's Blacklegs, |
Trueblue, |
|
Coneyskins, |
Hutton's Hunter, |
"Woodcock, |
|
Councillor, |
Jewtrump, |
Wyndham. |
|
Crab, |
* See Note j on page ]07.
106 THE HORSE.
present day wliicli are not in some degree descended from the royal mares, it appears too much to assert that they all owe their orighi entirely to Eastern blood.
" The casuist may, therefore, with consistency inquire. What is a thoroughbred horse ? The term is accepted conventionally to signify a horse whose pedigree can be traced through many generations, the members of wliich have signalized themselves on the turf, or have established their reputation as progenitors of superior horses."
This is undoubtedly the true and practical reply, and such the pedigree of Eclipse will prove it in plain truth to be.*
" The pedigree of Eclipse will likewise afford us another curious illustration of the uncertainty which attends thorough- bred horses. Marske was sold at the sale of the Duke of Cum- berland's stud for a mere trifle, and was suffered to run almost wild in the New Eorest. He was afterwards purchased by the Earl of Abingdon, for one thousand guineas, and before his death, covered for one hundred guineas. Squirt, when the property of Sir Harry Harpur, was ordered to be shot, and. while he was actually leading to the dog kennel, he was spared at the intercession of one of Sir Harry's grooms ; and neither Bartlett's Childers, nor Snake, was ever trained. On the side
* In 1132 was foaled Squirt, who as the sire of Mr. Pratt's old mare, Marske and Syphon — the former sire of Eclipse, Shark, and an almost infinite number of racers — certainly merits a peculiar commemoration.
Squirt was bred by a Mr. Metcalfe, near Beverly in the county of New York, and was by Bartlett's, own brother to Flying Childers. His dam, known by the name of " Metcalfe's Old Mare," was bred by Mr. Robinson of Easby, near Rich- mond. She was by Snake, and descended from the cross of the D'Arcy Turk with the royal or Barbary mares. Squirt was a fair good racer, but, falling into the hands of Sir Harry Harpur, he was held in so little repute, that once, when by no means an old horse, he was sent to the kennel to be shot. He was reprieved at the earnest solicitation of Sir Harry's groom, and subsequently became sire of Marske, Syphon, and Pratt's old mare. What a void in the annals of the turf would that bullet have produced ! Eclipse and all his descendants. Shark, and the numerous tribe of other horses that sprang from Marske — Tandem, Sweetbriar and Sweet- william, sons of Syphon ; Rockingham, Walnut, Gohanna, &c., descended from the old mare, would have had no existence.
From this date the breed of the English race-horse may be held to have been fully established, and thenceforth has transmitted its progeny to be victorious in every country, over every native horse, to which it has been imported, or against which it has been pitted.
PEDIGREE OF ECLIPSE. 107
of the dam, Spiletta never started but once and was beaten, and the Godolphin was purchased from a water-cart in Paris." — Smith on Breeding.
The pedigree of Eclipse, wliich follows, is worthy of remark, as showing a singular example of in-breeding.
The great-grandsire of Eclipse in the male line is Bartlett's Childers, who traces from his dam, in the male line, to Spanker, and in the female to Spanker and his own dam ! Doubly in- cestuous !
The grandmother, in the male line, of his sire, Marske, traces on both sides to Hautboy ; and in the female, once to the same horse.
And there are, in his ancestry in the female line, three more crosses of the same animal.
The other English pedigrees, which are either taken entire from the best English authorities, or made up originally with great care from the stud books, are those of the horses to which the best American blood directly traces, in the families, which will be hereafter indicated.
EDITORIAL NOTES.
* (P. 100.) Priam's failure as a getter of race-horses can be justly attributed to the fact that he was permitted to cover one hundred and fifty mares the first season he stood in America. Many of the mares descended from him have been very successful and valuable in the stud. In England, Priam sired some noted mares ; Miss Letty, winner of the Oaks in 1837, and dam of "Weatherbit ; Industry, winner of the Oaks in 18.38 ; and Crucifix, the best mare of her day, winner of aU her two- year engagements, and won the 2,000 gs., 1,000 gs., and Oaks in 1840. She was the dam of Coral and Surplice, the latter the winner of the Derby and St. Leger in 1848.
■f- (P. 105.) No pedigrees in the Euglish Stud-Book are more certainly authen- ticated than Marske and Highfiyer.
HISTORY
OF THE AMERICAN HORSE.
At a vorv roinoto period in the liistory of America, this most valuable of all the aiiiinals subject to man, began to be imported from Europe bv the earliest settlers, it being conceded that, al- though the horse had at some former time existed on this con- tinent, as is proved by his fossil remains, he had become extinct previous to its colonization by the ■white nations.
It is generally believed that the horses, which are found in a feral state over the pampas of South and the prairies of Is ortli America, so tar east as to the Mississippi, are the progeny of the parents released by the Spaniards at the abandonment of Buenos Ayres ; but it seems to me that this date is too recent to be compatible with the vast numerical increase, and the great hordes of these animals now existing in a state of nature ; and I should be inclined to ascribe their origin to animals es- caped, or voluntarily liberated, in the earlier expeditions and wars of the Spanish invaders, the cavalry of that nation con- sisting entirely of perfect horses, or mares.
It must have been the case, in the bloody wars of Mexico and Peru, where the battles more than once went disastrously for the Spaniards, that Mar-horses, their riders being slain, would recover their freedom, and propagate their species rapidly, in the wide, luxuriant and well-watered plains, where the abundance of food, tlie genial climate, and the absence of beasts of prey capable of coping with so powerful an animal as the horse, would favor their rapid increase.
We know that De Soto had a heavv force of cavalrv in that
FIRST IMPOETATI02f3. 109
expedition, in wliich he discovered the Mississippi and found a grave in its waters ; and, when the warriors of his i)SiTty re- turned liorne by water in barques, wliich they built on the banks of the great river, it is nearly certain that they must have abandoned their chargers ; as it is little probable that the frail vessels, built by inexperienced hands merely for the purpose of escaping with life, should have been capable of containing the horses of the fugitives.
The first horses imported to America for the purpose of cre- ating a stock, were brought by Columbus in 1493, in his second voyage to the islands. Tiie first landed in the United States were introduced into Florida in 1.527, by Cabeca de Vaca, forty- two in number, but these all perished or were killed. Tlxe next importation was that of De Soto, alluded to above, of which many doubtless survived, and to which I attnbute the origin of the wild horses of Texas and the prairies, strongly marked to this day by the characteristics of Spanish blood.
In 1604, M. L'Escarbot, a French lawyer, brought horses with other domestic animals, into Acadia, and, in 160S, the French, extending their colonization into Canada, introduced horses into that country, where the present race, though it has somewhat degenerated in size, owing probably to the inclemency of the climate, still shows the blood, sufficiently distinct, of the Korman and Breton breeds.
In 1609, the English ships, landing at .lamestown, brought, beside swine, sheep and cattle, six mares and a horse, and in 1657 the importance of increasing the stock of this valuable animal was so largely recognized, that an act was passed prohibiting its exportation from the province.
In 1629, horses and mares were brought into the plantations of Massachusetts Bay by Francis Iligginson, formerly of Leices- tershire, from which county many of the animals were imported. Is'ew York received its first horses in 1625, imported from Hol- land by the Dutch "^rTest India Company, probably of the Flanders breed, of which, however, few traces seem to exist, unless it be in the Conestoga horse of Pennsvlvania, which, 1 think, shows some affinity to that breed, either directly or through the English dray-horse, which is understood to be originally of Flemish origin.
110 THE HORSE.
In 1Y50, the Frencli of Illinois possessed considerable num- bers of French horses, and, since that time, as the science of agriculture has improved and advanced, pure animals of many distinct breeds have been constantly imported into this country, ■svhich have created in different sections and districts distinct families easily recognized ; as the horses of Massachusetts and Vermont, admirable for their qualities as draft horses, both powerful and active, and capable of quick as well as heavy work — the Conestogas, excellent for j^onderous slow efforts in teaming and the like — and the active wiry horses of the West, well adapted for riding, and affording mounts to most of the American cavalry.* Although, however, these horses are i-eadily known — apart, and recognized by the eye of a judge, it is not always easy or possible to assign the origin of each breed, or to trace out the foreign family from which it is derived ; as, until recently, a lamentable carelessness has existed as to preserving the pedigrees of animals, which has produced irretrievable con fusion — while now, since the value of blood and hereditary qualities is every where admitted, a much worse evil is begin- ning to show itself, in the manufacture of spurious pedigrees, which is becoming unfortunately too common, and, owing to the want of proj)erly kept and authenticated stud-books, is nearly impossible of detection. It would appear that there is a growing necessity for the enactment of some highly penal statutes, in all the several States, for the repression of this offence, which is not only a most infamous species of swindling, but, in fact, an absolute act of forgery.
The unlucky absence of properly kept stud-books has also rendered it impossible to prove the blood directly of many of our most celebrated race-horses and stallions, the dams of which have not been duly recorded. It cannot be said, however, that their lineage is doubtful, though it may be nnknown ; as their own qualities of speed, stoutness, and their ability to stay a distance, go far to show their claims to pure blood, while their power of transmitting it to their progeny proves it beyond a peradventure. For, although some horses, not perfectly thoroughbred, have run well themselves, both for speed and endurance, none such have been the sires and grandsires of dis- tinguished winners. The power, therefore of transmitting high * See Note * on page 121.
VAKIOUS RACES. Ill
qualities by hereditary descent, may be held to prove the pos- session of pure blood in the sire. The pedigree of American Eclipse cannot be absolutely proved—that is to say, there is a doubt in his j^edigree, but no proof of a stain in liis blood — yet no one in his senses, looking to his own performances and the performances of his get, can doubt his being as thoroughbred as his English namesake, to whom he is supposed to have been connected on the mother's side.*
It is evident then, in the first place, that the original stock of the unimj^roved American horse is the result of a mixture of breeds, the Erench, the Spanish, the Flemish, and the Eng- lish horses having all sent their representatives to some portion or other of the United States and British Provinces, and proba- bly still prevailing to a considerable degree in some locations, though nowhere wholly unmixed, while, in others, they have been so thoroughly mixed and amalgamated, that their identity is no longer discoverable.
In jS^ew York, it appears that the early importations of thorough blood, and the constant support of horse-racing, have so changed the original Dutch or Flemish stock, that the char- acteristic of her horses is that of the English race, with a strong cross of good blood. In Massachusetts, Vermont, and the Eastern States generally, the Cleveland Bay, and a cross be- tween that and the English dray-horse blood, with some small admixture of a thorough strain, predominates. In Pennsyl- vania, the most distinct breed appears to be of Flemish and English dray-horse origin. In Maryland, Yirginia, and South Carolina, English thorough blood prevails to a great extent ; so much so as to render the inferior classes of working horses weedy and undersized. In Louisiana, and many of the Western States, French and Spanish blood is prevalent in part, though with a mixture of an English strain. But, generally, it may be assumed that, with the exception of the thoroughbreds, there is scarcely any breed in any part of America entirely pure and unmixed, and that there are very few animals any where which have not some mixture, greater or less, of the hot blood of the desert, transmitted through the English race-horse.
In fact, with the exception of the Conestoga horse, there is in the United States no purely bred draft or cart-horse, nor any
* See Xote f on page 121.
112 THE HOKSE.
breed wliicli is kept entirely for field or road labor, without a view to being nsed at times for quicker work, and for purposes of pleasure or travel. The same horse which ploughs or har- rows to-day, is harnessed to-morrow to the sulky or the Jersey wagon, or the old-fashioned New England chaise, or is used under saddle, and expected to make tolerable time by the owner. Kor, although Cleveland Bays, and Suffolk punches of the improved breed have been imported into Massachusetts, and left their mark on the horses of the Eastern States, are any Iiorses bred there without the ambition to produce something beyond a mere cart-horse, aspiring to draw a heavy load at a foot's-pace ; the use of oxen, which is almost entirely aban- doned in England, supplying the place in the United States of mere w^eight-haulers ; so that every horse, for the most part, bred in America is, or is intended to be, in some sense, a road- ster ; and it is but fair to say that for docility, temper, soundness of constitution, endurance of fatigue, hardiness, surefootedness, and speed, the American roadster is not to be excelled, if equalled, by any horse in the known world not purely thorough- bred.
Of roadsters, two or three families have obtained, in different localities, decided and probably merited reputations for different peculiar qualities ; such as the ISTarragansett Pacers, the families known as the Morgan and Black Hawk, the Canadians, and generally what may be called trotters.
1^0 one of these, however, it may be asserted, with the single exception of the IN^arragansetts, appears to have any real claim to be held a distinctive family, or to be regarded as capa- ble of transmitting its qualities in line of hereditary descent, by breeding within itself, without farther crosses with higher and hotter blood.
Of the Narragansetts it is extremely difficult to speak ; for there is reason to believe that as a distinct variety, with natural powers of pacing, they are extinct ; and their origin is, in some sort, mythical and uncertain.
The other families, it is clear, owe their merits to a remote strain of thoroughblood, perhaps amounting to one-fourth, or one-third part, some three or four generations back.
Now, by all rules of breeding, based on experience and
IN-BREEDING . 2 ]^ 3
reduced to certainty, such families cannot continue witliout degeneration, unless they are farther crossed with i^ure blood. If mares of any family, unmixed, be stinted to unmixed stallions of the same family, generation after generation, the result is as certain as it is that the earth revolves on its axis. The good blood will die out, and the progeny, sooner or later, bec^'ome degenerate, weak, and worthless.
Again, to breed stallions of such a family to mares of better blood must, necessarily, fail; for though it has often been attempted to produce improved bone and power, by puttino- blood mares to bony underbred stallions, it has never succeeded'' and It is now universally known and conceded that, in order to improve the races, the sire must be the superior animal.* Indeed It IS argued, with much probability, that a mare once crossed with a sire of different blood, not only produces, but Iccornes herself, a cross ; and is incapable of ever again producino- her own stram. Thus a thorough mare, once stinted to a ^cold- blooded horse, could never again bear the pure colt, even to a pure sire; while a cold-blooded mare, having once foaled to a thorough horse, would always be improved as a breeder by the change produced in her own constitution. This is a mysterious and difficult subject, and it is probable that the question is not fully sounded; I am satisfied, however, that there is much in it, and I shall enter more largely into the matter when I come to treat especially of breeding; as I shall into the qualities alle-ed to belong to these families, when I come to deal with them dis- tinctively as such.
At present, I only wish to record it as my opinion, that the supposed superiority of any of these breeds is only attributable to their possessing a larger share than ordinary horses of pure blood, and that this superiority cannot last without farther admixture.
Therefore, while I should expect no possible advantage from breeding a Morgan, or Messenger, one-third part bred mare, to a similarly bred stallion, I should look forward confidently to a vastly superior progeny by putting her to a powerful sire of pure blood.
Again by putting an entirely cold-blooded mare, say of Norman, Cleveland Bay, or Flemish blood, to a Morgan or
TT ^ * See Note t on pa<?e 121.
\^0L. I.— 8
114 THE HOKSE.
Messenger, third-part horse, I should expect to get an anima. improved above the dam, but not so much improved as I should, had she been put to a properly selected animal of undis- puted blood.
In a word, unless I were intending to breed dray-horses, cart-horses, or punches, I would never put a mare to a half-bred sire at all ; and even of these, excepting the dray-horse— which in reality is an animal for ostentation and show, sanctioned by usage among brewers and distillers in England, not for utility— I am satisfied, that they would be bettered by a cross of blood.
The original Canadians were, I have no doubt, of pure Nor- man and i3reton descent ; but, since the Canadas have been under British rule, they, too, have been mixed and improved larcrely by the introduction of a pure strain ; so that the animals, which in late years pass here under the name of Canadians, such as Moscow, Lady Moscow, and many others of name, are Canadians only by title, and diiier only from other American roadsters in the fact, that they have, it is probable, for the most part only two crosses, of the Norman and pure English blood, while the ordinary road-horse of the United States is perhaps a combination of several English distinct families, with French, Spanish and Flemish crosses, beside a strain of thorough blood. Of trotters it is now certain that there is no distinctive breed, or family, or mode of breeding. The power, the style, the ac- tion, the mode of going are the things ; and it is most probable that the speed and the endurance both of weight and distance depend, more or less, on the greater or inferior degree of blood
in the animal.
There is no doubt whatever in my own mind, that allowing euch men as Hiram Woodruif, George Spicer, Dan Pfiifer, Dan Mace Bud Doble, Hiram Howe, Carl Burr, and others of tlu same kidney, to select such horses as they should pick for shape, bone, action, movement and blood, out of the best hunting sta- bles in England, and to train and drive them themselves, after their own fashion, they would find an equal, or even larger, pro- portion of animals— owing to their superiority in blood— capa- ble of making as good time as has been made here. It is to the fact that no favor^ias been ever attached to trotting, either as a national sport, or as an amusement of the wealthier classes—to the fact that all the best and most promising animals, which
TROTTING HORSES. 115
wonld in tliis conntiy be used on the road or the trottino;-conrse are there employed in the hunting field— to the fact, that trot- ting rules, trotting-training, and trotting-riding, or driving, are all, in England, imperfect, injudicious and inferior ; and lastly to the fact, that the animals used as trotters, themselves of in- ferior quality, are almost entirely in the hands of persons of in- ferior means and equal character, that must be ascribed the in- feriority of the English trotter ; no such distinction being dis- coverable against tlie English hunter, carriage-horse, cavalry horse, riding-hack, or race-horse.
And it is to the great popularity of trotting in this country, to the great excellence of the trotting-trainers, drivers and ri- ders, arising from that popularity, and to the employment of all the very best half and three-quarter-part bred horses in the land for trotting purposes— none being diverted from that use for the hunting field, or park-riding— that we must ascribe the wonder- ful superiority of the American roadster.
It may be added, that this view of the subject is confirmed by the fact, that in the Southern and South-western States, where the persons of wealth and horse-owners are, for the most part, agriculturists and rural proprietors, rather than dwellers in cities, many of them owners of race-horses, and most of them more or less addicted to fox-hunting or deer hunting, trotting has never taken root to any thing like the extent it has to the JSTorth and Eastward ; and that, on the contrary, where trotting pre- vails, it is as difiicult to procure a handsome, well-broken and well-bitted galloper, with stylish action, a good turn of speed, and able to stay a distance under a weight, as it is easy to find an undeniable trotter, of equal appearance and performance, that shall go his mile low down in the thirties, or his fifteen miles in the hour, on a square trot.
The efi"ect of all this, as I have said, probably not a little the result of the very mixture of breeds, has been to produce in America a general horse for all purposes, omitting only the hunting-field and park, or parade-ground— for which there is no demand— that cannot, I think, be equalled in the world.
On my first arrival in this country, when the eye is more awake to distinctions, than after it has become used by years of acquamtance to what it has daily before it, and forgetful of what
116 THE HOKSE.
it has ceased to see, I was particularly struck by the fact that the American general horse, as compared with the English horse, was inferior in height of the forehand, in the loftiness and thinness of the withers, and in the setting on and carriage of the neck and crest, while he was superior in the general devel- opment of liis quarters, in the let down of his hams, and in his height behind, and farther remarkable for his formation, ap- jDroaching to what is often seen in the Irish horse, and known as the goose-rump. I still think that these are prevailing and characteristic differences of the horses in the two countries. Even in the race-horse, purely of English blood, I fancy that I can perceive the same distinction prevailing, the American racer standing very much higher behind, and lower before, than his Eno-lish cono-ener.
My judgment on this point seems to be confirmed by an ex- amination of the portraits given in the old Spirit of the Times of many celebrated English and American horses, by which it appears that Boston, Wagner, and Shark measured exactly the' same at the withers and the highest point of the croup ; that Black Maria, in a drawing of a little under six and a half inches, measures two-tenths of an inch lov)er before than behind, while all the English horses are from one to two-tenths higher before.
To what this difference in construction is owing, I do not pretend even to conjecture, nor whether it has or has not any effect on comparative speerl. I believe the difference to be yel more conspicuous in roadsters than in thoroughbreds. It is cer- tain that a breast-plate, a thing commonly in use in England to prevent the saddle from slipping back, is never seen in America ; and that, in the former country, a horse which would not cany his saddle without a crupper, would be considered fatally defi- cient in form, while here it is not unusual, nor, I believe, consid- ered a serious disadvantage.
Another point in which the American horse of all conditions differs extremely, and here, most advantageously, from the Eu- ropean animal, is his greater surefootedness and freedom from the dangerous and detestable vice of stumbling. It is only ne- cessary, in order to convince himself that this is a real and not an imaginaiy difference in favor of our horses, to examine the knees of the hack-horses let for hire, either in the cities or rural
FEEEDOM FROM STUlSrSLlNG. 117
rillages of the United States, as compared witli those of similar English localities. In this country a broken knee is one of the rarest blemishes, if not the very rarest, one ever encounters in the horse. Of horses let for hire in England, unless it be by a few crack livery-keepers in London, in the Universities, and in one or two other of the most important towns in hunting neigliborhoods, a majority are decidedly broken-kneed. Nor is it at all unusual to meet perilous stumblers, even from gentlemen's stables, and in the case of animals whose appearance would indicate any thing but liability to so manifest and disqualifying a fault. I have had in my life several heavy falls on the road in England, from my horse coming down with me on a trot, when, from the character of the horse, I should have expected any thing else ; and it is needless to add that the roads in Great Britain, as a general thing, are infinitely better, freer from ruts, stones, or other obstacles, than those of the United States ; while in this country I have never had a horee stumble with me in harness, and but twice under the saddle, one of which was easily recov- ered, while the other, which fell outright, was a notorious blun- derer, and, I think the only broken-kneed horse I have met in America.
I ascribe the immunity of the horse, on this side of the At- lantic, from this fault, first, to the fact that both the pasture- lands and the roads are far rougher, more broken in surface, and more interrupted by stumps, stones and other obstacles, here, than in the longer cultivated and more finished countries of Europe ; which teaches young horses to bend their knees, and throw their legs more freely while playing with their dams in the field, and also to lift and set down their feet with far greater circumspection, even on our great thoroughfares, many of which are scarcely superior to a French cross-road, and few of which are equal to an English one, especially in the autumn or in the spring, when the frost is coming out of the ground. Secondly, I think it may be attributed to the higher blood and breed of the gentlemen's riding horses in England, which are often cantering thoroughbreds, or at worst four or five-part-bred hacks, and from their blood liable to be daisy-cutters and un- safe goers on the road ; and lastly, to the well-known circum- stance that most of the hired horses, posters, and casual road-
118 THE nOKSE.
Bters are worn out, or broken down, or otlierwise disqualified animals of higher caste, which, because they have once held a better, are still supposed equal to a secondary situation, when they are in truth fit for none, and are dangerous in any posi- tion.
To this admirable quality of the American horse, which, from what cause soever it arises, cannot be doubted or disputed, must be added his extreme good temper and docility, in which lie unquestionably excels any other horse in the world. I can give no reason for this want of vice ; but there it is — a fixed and established fact. From the first childhood of the animal, until he is fully put to work, he requires little or no breaking, and for the most part receives none — unless he shows qualities, which promise such speed or endurance as to render it advisable to break, or rather to train, him as a trotter. And when this is done, it is for the purpose of developing his powers, getting him to exert himself to the utmost, and teaching him how to move to the best advantage ; and not to render him submissive, easy of management, or gentle to be handled.
Such a thing as a professional horse-breaker is unknown ; colts are rarely, if ever, put upon the breaking bits, lounged or subjected to any of the processes of handling, without which the young horse of Europe is, in nine cases out of ten, particu- larly if he have any pure blood in his veins, a wild, headstrong, ungovernable, and almost indomitable savage.
There is scarcely ever any difficulty in saddling, in har- nessing, in backing, or in inducing him to go. He may be awk- ward at first, uncouth, shy and timid, but one may say never violent, sj^lenetic, and fierce ; never making those wild bounds and plunges by which he strives resolutely to divest himself of his trappings, and to get rid of his rider, as one almost in- variably sees a young animal do in Europe, while in the break- er's hands.
It is true that they are treated for the most part with supe- rior judgment and greater humanity in the United States, un- less in very exceptional instances ; that the whip is little used, and the spur almost unknown ; but the whole of this remarka- ble diiference in temper, on the part of the American horse, cannot be attributed to the difi'erence of treatment, for it cer-
HIGH GROOMING. 119
tainly Avould not be safe, much less wise or easy, to mount an Englisli liiglilj-bred colt without having the means of compel- ling obedience in case of resistance, and insuring the victory to the horseman, in case of what is constantly occurring, a long and obstinate encounter of wits and trial of powers between the intellectual man and the intelligent brute.
As he begins, morever, so he continues to the end. One rarely, if ever, meets a kicker, a runaway, an inveterate shyer or balker, and hardly ever a furious, biting, striking, screaming devil, whom he cannot api:)roach but at the risk of limb or life, in an American horse of any class or condition.
Probably, this fact may be in some respect attributed to the less high strain of blood in the American roadster ; and still more to the hardier and less stimulating mode of treatment to which he is subjected. The American trotter of the highest grade being a very out-of-door plant indeed, as compared to an Englisli hunter or park hack, wdiich is invariably in the most pampered and blooming condition, generally above his work, and excited, by the high and constant grooming, rubbing and currying, which is going on in first-class English stables, to great irritability both of skin and temper.
No one who has seen hunters groomed in England, or race- horses in this country, which are, one may say as a rule, the only horses subjected to this extreme dressing, can doubt, when he hears the animals squealing and snorting, and sees them bit- ing or lashing out at every thing they see, that the animal is rendered in the highest degree sensitive, and has his nervous temperament excited and stimulated very far by this treatment, while his spirits, his health, his courage, and his beauty are promoted by it, in at least an equal degree. Certainly I have never seen horses in America, unless they were either race- horses or trotters in match condition, either groomed, or show- ing the grooming in the bloom and perfection of their coats, which is expected of the horsekeeper in every English gentle- man's stable.
I do not say that it is desirable, or that the American mode should be altered ; I only assert that it is so. For tlie English hunter, or steeplechaser, whose work is closely analogous to that of an American four-mile-heater, nearly the same condi-
120 THE HOKSE.
tion, and the blooming coat are doubtless necessary. Produced as tliey inust be by hot stabling, thick clothing, and extremely liigh and pampered feeding, I do not believe that such treat- ment would be beneficial to American roadstei*s, but the reverse. And, apart from the parade and show — which, as they are a ])rincipal part of the object for which the European gentleman keei^s his carriage horses and park hacks, cannot be sacrificed — 1 do not believe that it is advantageous to the hardihood, health, or endurance of weather, of such animals in Eng- land.
I remember, it struck me with great wonder, some five and twenty years ago, when every young gentleman, in New York, kept his fixst trotter, or fast team, to see those animals driven at a rate I had never before heard of, some eight or ten miles, till they were in a lather of sweat, and then left to stand in the open air with the thermometer not much above zero, for two or three hours, with only a single blanket over them, at Cato's door, while their owners were talking " horse," within, round a blazing fire.
I at once recognized that no English horse, stabled and groomed as English horses are groomed and stabled, could have been subjected to such treatment, without incurring al- most the certainty of an inflammation of the lungs, and the greatest imaginable risk of being rendered worthless for ever after.
It is true, that in England such trials are not required of horses, owing to the far greater equability of the climate, in wdiich the hottest summer day rarely exceeds T5 to 80 degrees, or the coldest winter day falls lower than 25 to 20 degrees above zero ; so that there is, perhaps, little more difil'erence be- tween the heat of a warm English stable and the outer air, than there is between that of a cold American one and the winter atmosphere without.
Still I believe that the heating treatment, in some degree, unnerves horses, deprives them of the power of enduring long protracted exertion, privation, hardship, and the inclemency of weather. And I farther believe that the pampering, high feeding, excessive grooming, and general maintenance of horses in an unnatural and excited state of health and spirits, has an
DOCILITY OF THE AMERICAN EACERS. 121
injuriouG effect on the general temper of the animal ; thongh not, perhaps, so greatlj as to account for all the difference al- luded to above.
If it have any injurious effect in provoking the animal to resistance, rebellion, or caprice, the rest soon follows ; for the rebellion or caprice of the animal constantly calls forth the vio- lence, the injustice, and the cruelty of the groom. By these means a casual trick is confirmed into a depraved habit, and a playful, mischievous creature, transformed into a vicious, savage devil. Still, while I attribute some of the extra amount of mis- chief, wantonness and vice in European horses — French and Spanish horses I think even more vicious than the English — to the effects of the system, I also think that, by some accident of blood, or climate, American horses are the more docile and gentler by nature. I have observed the fact in race-horses, as highly groomed, and as much pampered as any ; I have also observed it among stallions, on exhibition, in the highest bloom, at fairs, animals Avhich no man in his senses in Europe would think of approaching, under the like circumstances.
And I must say, in conclusion, that I consider the general horse of America superior, not in blood or in beauty, but decid- edly in hardihood to do and to endure, in powers of travel, in Bpeed, in docility and in good temper, to any other race of general horses in the known world.
EDITORIAL NOTES.
* (P. 110.) The South Carolina Gazette, February 1, 1734, shows that racing was known in that State in that year. Many vahiable horses were imported from England prior to 1750.
f (P. 111.) The pedigree of American Eclipse is thoroughly established, and will be found correctly given in the table in this work.
X (P. 113.) The late Dr. Elislia Warfield bred all his thorough-bred mares one season to a Jack, except Alice Carneal, the dam of Lexington. These mares were afterwards bred to thorough-breds, and produced good race-horses.
HISTOKT
OF THE AMERICAN BLOOD-EORSE.
Unlike the human race of the United States, unlike the ordi- nary working horse, unlike the cattle and most of the domestic animals of North America, which cannot be traced or said to belong to any one distinct breed or family, having originated from the mixture, combination, and amalgamation of many bloods and stocks, derived from many diiferent countries, the blooclhorse of America stands alone, unquestionably of pure English thoroughblood.
What that English thoroughblood is, has been already dis- cussed above ; and it is only necessary here to say, that, although it is not possible, in every instance, to trace the great progeni- tors of the English and American Turf, directly on both sides to Desert blood, and although it can scarce be doubted that, in the very commencement of Turf-breeding, there must have been some mixture of the best old English blood, probably in great part Spanish by descent, with the true Arab or Barb race, the impure admixture is so exceedingly remote, not within fourteen or fifteen generations — since which the smallest taint has been jealously excluded — that the present race-horse of England or JSTorth America cannot possess above one sixteen-thousandth part of any other blood than that of the Desert,
Kor is it to be doubted, in the smallest degree, that the modern thoroughbred is as far superior to the present horse of the East, in his qualities and powers, as he is in size, bone,
-•*)St»i
ecu or said
.ready dis- IV, iiuit, altlibugli
I
4 1
■U:) J-::Z.
li horse size, bor
" FAIE NELL. •» 123
strength, and ability to cany weight. It is to this veiy supe- riority of our thoroughbred, which is proved * wherever it has
* It will be remembered, by many of my readers, that some years since the Viceroy of Egypt challenged the English Jockey Club to run a certain number of English horses against the pick of his stables. The bet was dechned ; first, because the English Jockey Club, in their corporate capacity, do not own racers ; and, sec- ondly, because to run a distance race over broken desert ground was considered a greater risk of destroying valuable animals than the circumstances would justify. The match has since been made, on private account, with the usual result, as the following extract shows : —
" An interesting race was run recently at Cairo between an English mare and an Arab horse belonging to Aaleen Pacha, when the former beat the latter. The length of the race was eight miles, the time occupied by the mare 18|- minutes, over a rough, gravelly, sandy road. The same race has been offered for the last two years against all England, for 10,000 sovereigns, with the same horse, and not accepted. The Egyptian princes are now convinced that their Arabs can he beaten by English horses. The late Viceroy Abbas Pacha had offered to stake any amount up to 150,000f. on his own horse against any others that might be brought to run."
A farther account of this mare has been more recently published, which is sub- joined, showing it to be very doubtful whether the mare, which so easily beat the Arab, was fully bred.
" Fair Nell," the Irish mare that beat the Pacha's Arab. — A short time since some sensation was created by a paragraph which went the rounds of the press, stating that an English mare, in a race of eight miles, had beaten the best Arab in Egypt by a full mile, doing the distance in IS-^- minutes, and pulling up fresh. On inquiry, it was found that the Arab was the property of Aaleen Pacha, a son of Abbas Pacha, who, it will be remembered, about three years ago, challenged the Jockey Club to run any number of Enghsli horses against his Arabs, for any sum not less than ten thousand pounds sterling. The Jockey Club, which makes rules for racing, and by its stewards fixes the weights of certain matches and handicaps, does not own or run horses in its Club capacity, and declined to take up the chal- lenge. It was said that Abbas Pacha would not accept a challenge from any private individual ; and the reputation of his stud — which had been collected at an unlimited expense, with the power of despotism — was so high, that the owners of good horses were afraid of risking their reputation in a foreign country over a long course of sand and gravel.
However, the other day a party of Cairo merchants made up the match above referred to for about £400, and won it so easily that they now find it impossible to make another. We learn through private sources that El Hami Pacha, the youngest son of Abbas Pacha, who inherited his stud, not less than 300 in number, still fan- cies that he could find a horse that in a twenty-mile race would beat the European mare ; but, although quite young, he is so indolent that he seldom leaves his harem ; and it is doubtful if he will take the trouble to make the necessary pre- liminaries for a race. About the result there can be no manner of doubt. Is'o Arab in the world can go through a day's racing with our best thoroughbred steeple- chasers and hunters — not even the stock of Disraeli's Star of the Desert, jockeyed by Sidonia.
124 THE HOESE.
encountered tlie oriental horse, that it must be ascribed, that no late cross of Arab blood has, in the smallest degree, improved the European or American racer.
It appears to be now an admitted fact that, to improve any blood, the sire must be the superior animal ; and, inasmuch as by care, cultivation, superior food, and better management, our descendant of the Desert blood has been matured into a crea- ture superior to his progenitors, mares of the improved race can gain nothing from being referred to the original stock ; although it remains to be seen, whether by the importation of oriental mares, and breeding them judiciously to modern thoroughbred sires, something might not be effected.
The first systematic attempts at improving the blood of the English horse began, as we have seen, in the reign of King
Fair Nell is supposed to be thoroughbred ; her sire, according to the best infor- mation, was the celebrated Irish horse Freney, to whom she bears a strong resem- blance, both in appearance and temper, but she is not in the stud-book. She is a beautiful light bay, with black legs, standing fifteen hands one inch and a half high, with a game, determined head, very lengthy, with beautiful shoulders, arms, and fore legs, back and hind quarters, with very powerful thighs. She is a delightful mare to sit when going ; her stride is great, strong, and elastic ; and, from her form, she gives the feeling of " plenty before you." She is a hard puller, with a good mouth, graceful, and easy even when plunging most violently. In hunting, she rushed at her fences at a terrible pace, but never made a mistake. As a hack she was most luxurious, but at times it was real work of danger to cross a crowded road with her. In the stable she was perfectly quiet. She was purchased in Ireland by a well known old Irish steeple-chase rider and groom, Andy Rogers, for a gentleman of Bath, Avho found her too spirited and uncomfortable for a hunter, and sent her to be sold at Hetherington's stables in the Edgeware road. Not finding a purchaser, she was put up at Tattersall's, where she was set down by the crowd as a "raking Irish devil," and found no favor.
After being withdrawn, Mr. Edmund Tattersall, the junior partner of the firm, was so struck with her shape and beauty that, against the advice of his friends, he bought her as a park and cover hack. She often carried him sixteen miles within the hour, including stoppages, to meet hounds, he riding twelve stone, seeming to be only cantering all the time ; and back again in the evening, at the same rate, without showing the least fatigue ; and was perfectly pleasant so long as ridden alone, and with fine hands. Although more than once offered on loan to racing men, by her owner, who felt sure she must win a long race over deep ground, no one ventured to try her ; a mistake, evidently ; for it turns out that, on her trial in Egypt, before the race, she did five miles in ten minutes and a half.
Eventually Mr. Hetherington applied to Mr. Tattersall, to purchase Fair Nell back for the merchants of Cairo. She was in low condition when she was shipped, yet ran and won her race within two months from the time of landing.
FIRST IMPORTATIONS. 125
James I., was continued in that of Charles I., and during the Commonwealth ; and advanced with renewed spirit on the restoration of the Stuarts, of whom one is happy to record — since there is little else to be recorded in their favor — that they were a horse-loving and sport-encouraging race, and that Eng- land, and through her America, owe to them, in great part, the blood of their matchless steeds.
In the reign of Queen Anne, the last of that house who sat on the royal throne of England, the English thorouglibred horse may be regarded as fully established ; the Darley Arabian, sire of Elying Childers, Curwen's Barb, and Lord Carlisle's Turk, sire of the Bald Galloway, being imported in her reign. Sixteen years after her death, and three years before the foun- dation of Georgia, the youngest of the royal colonies, twenty- one foreign, and fifty native stallions, some of them the most celebrated horses the world has ever seen, such as Childers, Bartlett's Childers, the Grey Childers, the Bald Galloway, Bay Bolton, Coneyskins, Crab, Fox, Hartley's Blind Horse, Jigg, Soreheels, and Trueblue were covering in the United Kingdoms ; and from some of those are descended almost all our racers of the present day. Six years before thi^!, the first Eacing Calen- dar was published in England, with nearly seven hundred sub- scribers.
During this period it was, precisely, that the American colonies were planted ; and, as might be anticipated, English horses of pure blood were at a very early date introduced ; and in those regions, where the settlement was principally eifecteci by men of birth, attached to the Cavalier party, race-horses were kept and trained, race-courses were established, and a well- authenticated stock of thorouojhbred animals, tracing: to the most celebrated English sires, many of which were imported in the early part of the eighteenth century, was in existence considerably before the outbreak of the old French war.
In tlie Eastern States, the settlers of which were for the most part attached to the Puritan party, and therefore opposed to all amusements and pastimes as frivolous at the least and unprofitable, and to horse-racing more especially as profane and positively wicked, very few horses of thorough blood were im- ported ; racing has never taken any root in them, nor I believe
126 THE HORSE.
lias any stable of i*acers ever been kept to the eastward of New York.'
Virginia and Maryland as the liead-quarters of the Cavaliers — the former State having for a long time refused submission to the Commonwealth and to stout old Oliver — as the seat of the aristocracy, fashion, and wealth of the Colonies, prior to the Revolution — took an early and decided lead in this noble pur- suit ; and, w^hile the love of the sport continues to distinguish their descendants, who are by far the most equestrian in their habits of any other citizens of the Republic, the result of the liberality of the first settlers is yet visible in the blood of their noble steeds.
It is probable that Racing may have commenced simnltane- onsly, or nearly so, in the two States above named. It was an attribute of the principal towns of Maryland some years pre- vious to Braddock's defeat in 1T53, and it is nearly certain that Spark, owned by Governor Ogle, of that colony, presented to him by Lord Baltimore, who received him as a gift from tho Prince of Wales, father to King George III., came hither pre- vious to that event, and was among the first horses of great dis- tinction brought to America, though it cannot be shown, what was the exact date of his importation. It seems also that there is some dispute as to his pedigree.* "Weatherby's stud-book has Spark, by Honeycomb Punch out of AYilkes' Old Hautboy mare, and this I presume is the horse in question, as is stated by Patrick Nisbett Edgar, in his Sportsman's Herald, who gives his pedigree as above, signed and sealed by Lord Baltimore. Skinner, in his stud-book, states him to have been got ly Aleppo, son of the Darley Arabian, dam by Bartlett's Chiklers, &c. ; but he states no authority, and I presume is in error ; as I find no grounds for such a pedigree. Edgar states, also, that Wilkes' Old Hautboy mare, dam by Brimmer, was also imported into Virginia by Col. Colville, and afterward known as Miss Col- ville. Old Hautboy was son of the D'Arcy white Turk, out of one of King Charles II.'s barb mares. Honeycomb sire of Punch, by the Dun Barb out of a Babraham mare. Governor Ogle, the owner of Spark, who as a grandson of Hautboy must date back to early in the 18th century, also imported Queen Mab, by Musgrove's grey Arabian ; but the date of her importation * See Note * on page 139.
MAETLAND AND VIKGINlA. 1*27
is not known more certainly than tliat of Spark. Frederic, Prince of Wales, however, wlio gave him to Lord Baltimore, died himself in 1751, by which one may conjecture his importation to have occurred previously to that date. The circumstances of the gift speak well for the character of the horse, who was pro- bably in a high form as a racer, since royal donors are not wont to make worthless donations.
About the year 1750, Colonel Tasker imported into Mary- land the celebrated English mare Selitna, a daughter of the Go- dolphin Arabian, one of the most distinguished mares that ever ran in America, and progenitrix through Kockingham, Mark Antony, and many others, of half the best and most fashionable blood in America. In December, 1752, Col. Tasker won a sweepstakes with that mare at Gloucester, Virginia, beating Col. Byrd's renowned horse Tryall — by, imported, Morton's Tra- veller, out of Blazella by Blaze, out of Jenny Cameron by Quiet Cuddy, son of Fox out of Castaway mare — Colonel Taylor's Jenny Cameron, and a mare of Colonel Thornton's, for a sweep- stakes of four miles, for 500 pistoles.* After this time, it aj^pears to have been considered part of the duty of a governor of Mary- land to keep a racing stud ; as, succeeding Governor Ogle, the importer of these famous animals. Governors Ridgely, Wright, Lloyd, and Sprigg, were all determined turfmen and supporters of the American racing interest- Nearly about the same time, there were imported into Vir- ginia, Routh's Crab, by old Crab, dam by Counsellor, daughter of Coneyskins, supposed to be in or about 1746. In 1747, Mon- key, by the Lonsdale Bay Arabian, dam by Curwen's Bay Barb, daughter of the Byerly Turk and a Eoyal mare. He was 22 years old when imported, but left good stock. In 1748, Boger of the Vale, afterwards known as Jolly Eoger, by Roundhead, out of a Partner mare, "Woodcock, Croft's Bay Barb, Makelesii, Brimmer, Dickey Pierson, out of a Barb mare. Roundhead was by Flying Childers, out of Roxana, dam of Lath and Cade, by the Bald Galloway, out of a daughter to the Acaster Turk. Woodcock was by Merlin, out of a daughter of son of Brimmer. Dickey Pierson by the Dodsworth Barb out of the Burton Barb mare.
In about 1764, was imported Fearnought, got by Regulus out of Silvertail by AVhitenose, grand-dam by Rattle, great * See Note f on page 139.
12^
THE HORSE.
grand-dam by tlie Darley Arabian, great great grand-dam Old Child mare, by Sir Thomas Gresley's Arabian, great great great grand-dam, Mr. Cook's Vixen, by Helmsley Turk, out of Dods- worth's dam, a natural Barb. Regulus was by the Godolphin Arabian, dam Grey Robinson by the Bald Gallowa}'^, grand-dam by Snake out of Old Wilkes' Hautboy mare. Eattle was by Sir H. Harpur's Barb out of a Eoyal mare. Whitenose was by the hiall Arabia!! out of dam to Jigg. Thus Fearnought is come of the very highest and purest blood in England, and has left his mark largely on the blood-horse of Yirginia. It is said that, before his time, there was little beyond quarter racing in Yirginia, that his progeny were of uncommon figure, and first introduced the size and bottom of the English race-horse into America. This must be taken, however, gutr gy^ano salis^ as it is evident from what has been stated in regard to Selima, that four-mile racers were the fashion in Maryland at least fifteen years before that date, and it is only to be understood in the case of second- rate racers, that quarter running was in vogue at this period.
These capital horses were shortly followed by Morton's Traveller, who w^as probably got by Partner, a grandson of the Byerly Turk, and grandsire of King Herod, dam by the Bloody Buttocks Arabian ; grand-dam by Greyhound, a Barb ; g. grand dam by Makeless ; g. g. g. dam by Brimmer ; g. g. g. g. dam by the White Turk ; g. g. g. g. g. dam bj Dodsworth, a Barb ; g. g. g. g. g. g. dam Layton Barb mare."^'
Makeless was by the Oglethorpe Arab out of Trumpet's dam. She was a jjure Barb by Dodsworth out of the Layton Barb mare. Brimmer was by the Yellow Turk out of a royal mare.
These were probably the best early horses that were imported into America; and to these, with the mares Selima, De Lancey's Cub mare. Queen Mab, Jenny Cameron, Kitty Fisher, Miss Col- ville, and a few others of about the same period, may be traced all, or almost all the families of running horses now existing in the United States, in a greater or less degree, and with nearly as much certainty as the English champions of the olden day may be followed up to imported Arab and Barb on both sides.
It is unfortunate, first, that our Revolutionary War inter- rupted the peaceful progress of the country and the avocations of our country gentlemen, at so early a period in the history of * See Note % OQ P^ge 139.
WANT OF EEGISTEIES. 129
the American Turf; since it lias materially increased the diffi- culty of ascertaining how far records or registries have been preserved, or were kept from the first. When men were fight- ing for their hearths, with the halter literally about their necks, and daily expecting their houses to be burned over their heads, they had little time, one may well imagine, to be attending to the pedigrees of thoroughbred horses, or to preserving regular entries. ' It is to be presumed, moreover, where many heads of families were absent from their estates with the army, or were obliged to expatriate or conceal themselves from the con 'sequences of proscription and outlawry, that many irregularities must have occurred from want of due attention to the studs themselves, as well as to the records of them. Many documents must likewise have been destroyed by conflagrations, or other accidents, and lost in the hurry of removals. And, secondly, it is most unfortunate that no regular Turf Register was ever set on foot in America until so late as 1829. But, on the whole, it may be regarded as remarkable, rather, that so many pedi- grees can be unequivocally followed out than that a few should be obscure and untraceable farther than to an imported mare. In fact, so that the owners were satisfied that the imported mares were undoubted thoroughbreds, out of a well-known and accre- dited English Turf stable, they seemed to have received them almost as undoubtingly, as did our still more remote ancestors those of oriental blood, without much questioning, or going beyond the record.
For curiosity and precision, it is to be regretted that a few of our genealogies cannot be traced a little farther and more definitely ; but it must be conceded as a fact, which cannot be questioned or doubted, fully established both by their own per- formances and by the unfailing transmission of their hereditary qualities, that our American horses are as unequivocally thoroughbred, as are any of those English champions, whose blood no one ever dreams of disputing, which go back, like that of Eclipse himself, through Bustler or Rockwood, or many others of equal renown, to an unknown dam or sire.
It will be observed, and it is not a little remarkable, how very many of the earliest Virginia and Maryland importation run through Partner, on the one hand, to Spanker and Span- VoL. L— 9
130 THE HORSE.
ker's dam, the White and Yellow D'Arcy Turks, the Selaby Turk, and either the old Yintner or the Layton violet Barb mares ; and, on the other, to the Godolphin Arabian, through Regulus, Babraham, Juniper, Dormouse and others. I say it is remarkable, because — after this blood had for very many years been bred in this country, more or less, in and in — the celebrated horse Sir Archy, son of imported Diomed and im- ported Castianira, running back through his sire, his grandsire riorizel, and his great grandsire Sir B^erod into precisely the same strain of Partner blood, and through his grand-dam Tabi- tha, into the same Babraham and Godolphin strain, seems to have produced by a reinfusion of the selfsame original elements, a new stock of unequalled excellence, of iron endurance, con- stitution, speed and stoutness, which is hourly winning fresh laurels on our own turf, and- is shortly, as it is understood, to compete in the lists of fame, on the very courses whereon their ancestors ran above a century ago, with their far-away kindred of the ocean island.
From Virginia and Maryland, the racing spirit extended itself rapidly into the Carolinas, wliere it has never to this day flagged. The oldest race-courses in this country, which are yet kept up for purposes of sport, are the I^ewmarket course, near Petersburgh, Virginia, and the Washington course, near Charles- ton, South Carolina ; at Alexandria, D. C, there was a Eace- course early in the last century, and the courses in the neigh- borhood of E-ichmond have been in existence above seventy years. Not very long after this date, and previous to the Revo- lutionary War, there were two race-courses on Long Island, in the State of New York, one called Newmarket, near the centre of Suffolk county, and the other near Jamaica in Queens county, at both of which trials of speed were frequently had, but whether there were meetings at stated intervals and for regular prizes is not known ; it was not until about the commencement of the present century, however, that what may be called race-courses proper were established in New York ; tlie first club for the promotion of the breed of horses by means of racing, taking date from 1804, in which year the old Newmarket course was re- modelled, and regular meetings with two and three-mile heats were established.*
♦ See Note § on page 139.
EARLY EACES. 131
Long prior to this time, however, the improvement of the breed of horses had created much interest in that State, and as early as 1764 and 1765 two celebrated horses were imported — ■ Wildair, by Cade, and Lath, by Shepherd's Crab — by Col. De- lancy, of King's Bridge, who also imported the Cub mare, dam of Mr. Gibson's Cub mare, killed on the course at Lancaster. Both Wildair and Lath greatly distinguished themselves as sires, the former was esteemed so valuable, that he was re-imported to England. Another horse"'-' Sloven, said to be by Cub, is stated by Skinner and by Edgar, on the faith of a pedigree signed Jacob Adlie, to have been imported also into New York in about 1764 ; he is not, however, to be found in the British stud- book, Weatherby's ; and I am not aware that any of the greater champions of the American turf trace their descent to Sloven.
Li North and South Carolina racing commenced with spirit, second, if second, only to the date of its commencement in Yir- ginia and Maryland. Flimnap, Sweeper and Toby, all horses held in high estimation at the time, were imported between the years 1760 and 1770 ; the former a grandson on both sides of the Godolphin Arabian, and both the others tracing to the same great progenitor, and to other ancestors scarcely of inferior note ; the last named was imported by Col. Alston, of racing celebrity in South Carolina.
Into Pennsylvania, which State has never shone particularly on the racing turf, were brought two horses. Gray Northumber- land, also called L-ish Gray, said to have been bred by Lord Mazarine, and to have been a racer in high form, supposed imported by Mr. Crow, and, about the same time. Old England, pedigree also unknown, but supposed begot by Old England, son of the Godolphin Arabian.
To these must be given the credit of running one of the old- est great American time races on record, so long ago as 1767, against two other horses, one of whom, Selim, it is not easy to identify, on account of there appearing to have been three of the same name, covering nearly at the same time. I presume he was the son of the imported horse Selim, by Othello, grand- dam the large Hartley mare, described at page 55*of Edgar'a stud-book, as imported in his mother's belly in 1753 ; this date * See Notes * and f on page 148.
132 THE HOKSE.
does not, however, exactly agree witli tlie ages of the horses as recorded below.
In Yolume L, jjage 17, of the American Turf Register, I find the following highly interesting letter ;
Marietta, June 26, 1836. " Mr. Editor,
" Si?', — According to promise, you have an account of the race run at Philadelphia in the year 1767, by Selim and other horses. It is copied from the Maryland Gazette of Mr. Green, October 22, 1767, by him taken from a Philadelphia paper.
" ' On Tuesday last, the following horses started for the gentlemen's subscription purse of 100 guineas.
" ' Salnuel Galloway, Esq., bay horse Selim ... 11
" ' Mr. Leary's bay horse Old England . . . .2 dist.
" ' Mr. Samuel's bay horse Granby . . . . 3 dr.
*' ' Mr. Andrew Orr's gray horse Northumberland . . . dist.
" ' Tlie first heat was run in 8 min. 2 sec, Selim winning from Old England by a single length. The second, after run- ning three times round close at the heels of Selim, Old England flew the course.'
" The standard was 10 stone. Selim was then eight years old and carried 140 lbs. full weight. Old England and North- umberland were both imported.
" It is believed that this running was never exceeded, if equalled, in- this country. To form a correct judgment of the speed of a horse, the weight carried must always be recollected. If, as the old and experienced sportsmen say, seven pounds are equal to a distance, wdiich is 240 yards, it follows that fourteen pounds will make the difference of 480 yards, a space which would consume 22 seconds at the rate of running at Philadel- phia. Deduct this from 8 minutes and 2 seconds and it leaves 7.30, in which this race would have run if the standard had been nine stone, 126 lbs. I have never seen an account of a race where the four miles were run in 7.30 minutes in the United States.
"Figure beat Selim in 1768, at Upper Marlborough, but Selim was undoubtedly in bad condition, and had been lately cured of distemper in the throat. He was certainly a capital
SELIM AND SELIMA. 133
racer. I saw him beat the celebrated Silver Legs from Virginia in the year 1772 at Alexandria, four miles and repeat. He was then thirteen years old and Silver Legs only nine.
" With respect and esteem,
" G. Duval."
Without entering here into a consideration of the effects of weight on speed, this is certainly a remarkable performance ; but what is, perhaps, more remarkable, is that there is some considerable difficulty in making out what this horse Selim can be, unless, perhaps, it be Selim by imported Othello, dam by imported Jolly Koger, grand-dam by imported Silver Eye, out of an imported thoroughbred mare.
The imported horse English Selim was by another Othello, also called Black and all Black ; but as he was not foaled until 1753-4, it is hardly probable that he should have been a foal-getter so early as 1759, unless he was never trained at all.
It is not stated of what color was Selim by imported Othello, but the two* Selims by English Selim are both described as bright bay horses. In the English stud-book, is a Selim by Bajazet out of Miss Thigh, 1760, but I cannot find that he was ever imported to America, although he is included in the stud- book attached to Mason's Farrier, no authority given.
The Granby in question, I presume to have been a bay horse, 15 hands 1 inch in height, foaled in 1762, by the imported Belsize Arabian, dam by old Shock, grand-dam imported mare by Cade, out of the Hartley mare, who covered in Philadelphia, in the year following the race, 1768.
If not this horse — who must, if it be he, have run a five-year- old against Selim aged — it must have been Wildman's Granby* by Blank, Old Crab, Cyprus Arab, Commoner, Makeless, Brim- mer, Dickey Pierson, Dodsworth Barb, Burton Barb Mare — who was foaled in 1759, and would have consequently been eight years old in the year of this race. I presume, however, it is the horse first named who ran in 1767, as the English Granby one would have expected to run better, unless he were sadly degenerate from his illustrious ancestry.
The imported horse Selim* is said, by Edgar, to be out of the beautiful dark chestnut mare imported from England, and called Selim — Selima ? — who brought him to America in her belly, and
* See Notes :]:, §, and || on page 148.
134 THE HORSE.
foaled liim in 1753 ; -which mare was by the Godolphin Ara- bian out of the large Hartley mare, foaled about 1736. There is evidently much confusion and difficnlty in all this matter. First, it appears that but one mare named Selima has been imported to America. She, got by the Godolphin Arab, was imported into Maryland by Col. Tasker about 1750, and, as I have al- ready recorded, was a celebrated winner in 1752. Therefore she could not have been imported in 1752, with Selim in her belly ; nor have foaled him in 1753.
Again, Col. Tasker's Selima* is not described, usually, as out of the large Hartley mare, who was so distinguished a pro- genitrix that such a pedigree would never have been overlooked if it could have been made good ; nor, lastly, does it appear from the English stud-book, which contains no filly Selima of this date, that the large Hartley mare ever bore a chestnut filly to the Godolphin Arabian ; certainly not in 1736, when she brought Hartley's roan stallion to Hip ; nor any chestnut filly at all in any year ; nor any filly to the Godolphin, except a bay one in 1746. Furthermore, in the stock of the Godolphin, re- corded at length in White's History of the British Turf, there is no chestnut filly recorded by him out of any mare, nor any filly out of either of the Hartley mares, except that named above, and Merlin's dam, out of the little Hartley, in 1739.
I conclude, therefore, that there is some bad blunder in this pedigree somewhere — the rather, that after stating in the first line that he was a dark bay, foaled in 1753, imported in his mother's belly, it states below that he was imported in 1752, the very year in which Selima beat Tryall, and Jenny Cameron, and that he was a capital racer, and died at twenty-seven years of age.
It seems to me, taking every thing into consideration, that the odds are that all the four horses in this remarkable race were imported ; though if it be so, it is certainly not a little remarkable that Mr. Duvall, in his letter quoted above, should dwell on the fact that the beaten horses were imported, and make no comment on the winner, and the third best runner.
By the account of the race given above, one is led to sup- pose that in this year, 1767, there were regular meetings at Philadelphia ; as the term, " the Gentlemen's Stakes," of one
* See Note ^f on page 148.
ANTE-RE VOLUTION ART CRACKS. 135
liundred Guineas, with a standard of weights, undoubtedly savors of established proceedings and a well supported race course ; of latter years there has been no course for running horses in the State of Pennsylvania, though the Hunting Park Course has been long famous for its trotting ; and while there have never, I believe, been any distinguished racing stables in that State, its inhabitants have always been ardent supporters of trotting, and purchasers, for the last quarter of a century, of most of the cracks which have established their characters on other courses.
To return to the Southern States, therefore, in which, as I have observed, racing first took a firm root among the agricul- tural gentry, who, in whatever climate or country, are always more addicted to manly and exhilarating exercises, to field sports, and to the encouragement of objects not merely utili- tarian, than the dwellers of cities, who are apt to regard money as the only true and legitimate pursuit ; we find that, in the States named above— of Virginia, Maryland, and South" Caro- lina— many racing stables were established, either previous or immediately subsequent to the Revolution, not a few of which are kept up by the descendants of the original foundei's to the present day, with equal spirit and success.
In Virginia, Col, John Tayloe, Messrs. Hoomes, Selden, and Johnson ; in Maryland, Governors Ogle, Eidgely, Wright, Lloyd, and Sprigg, who, as it has been remarked, seemed by their practice to acknowledge that the keeping up of a racing stud was a portion of their gubernatorial duty ; and in South Carolina, Messrs. Hampton, Washington, McPherson, Alston, and Singleton, were as early, and have continued to be as con- sistent and undeviating patrons of the American turf, as have the Queensburys, Eutlands, Wyndhams,Bentincks, Fitzwilliams, and other equally renowned turf names, been supporters of this noble sport on the old English greensward.
From so early a date as that of the ante-revolutionary cracks and champions, such as Celer, Traveller, Torick, Tryall, Ariel, Partner, Marc Antony, Eegulus, Flag of Truce, Goode's Brim- mer, Butler's Virginia I^ell, Bel Air, Calypso, Gray Diomed, Cincinnatus, Virago, Shark, Black Maria, by Shark, Leviathan, Gallatin, Fairy, Cup-bearer, Collector, Amanda, Ball's Florizel,
136 THE HOESE.
Post Boy, Oscar, Hickory, Maid of the Oaks, Bond's First Con- sul, Sir Archy, Potomac, Pacolet, Duroc, Hampton, Tnckahoe, and others, the names of which alone would fill a volume, we can easily bring down in these States — and the others colonized from them, both with men and horses, sucli as Kentucky, Ten- nessee, and more recently Alabama — one uninterrupted and stainless succession of noble racers, to the day when the de- scendants of Sir Archy, that veritable Godolphin Arabian of the turf of America, began to show upon the course ; and when the renown of American Eclipse began to call the attention of the whole world, and of the mother country, most of all, whence was derived that transcendent stock, which in all other coun- tries has degenerated, but in this has continued to rival the honors of its remotest ancestry by the performance of American race-horses.
The English sires most renowned in post-revolutionary days, until we come down to the present day of the Leviathans, Sar- pedon's, Trustees, Priams, and G-lencoes, have been —
1st. Medley — Imported into Yirginia in 1783, by Gimcrack, dam Arminda by Snap, out of Miss Cleveland by Eegulus ; g. gr. dam Midge, by a son of Bay Bolton ; g. g. gr. dam, by Bartlett's Childers ; g. g. g. gr. dam, by Honeywood's Arabian ; g. g. g. g. gr. dam, the dam of the two True Blues. Gimcrack was by Cripple, out of Miss Elliott, by Grisewood's Partner, gr. dam Celia by Partner, g. gr. dam by Bloody Buttocks, g. g. gr. dam by Greyhound, g. g. g. gr. dam Brocklesby Betty.
Cripple was by the Godolphin Arabian, out of Blossom by Crab, gr. dam by Childers, out of Miss Belvoir, by Grantham.
Medley was one of the best sires ever imported into Amer- ica. He got Atalanta, Bel Air, Boxer, Calypso, Gray Diomed, Gray Medley, Lamplighter, the Opossum Filly, Pandora, Quick- silver, Yirginia, and others — racers in a high form, and them- selves the getters of racers.
2nd. Shake — Foaled in 17Y1, and imported into Yirginia, by Marske, out of the Snap mare, gr. dam Wag's dam, by Marl- borough, out of a natural Barb mare.
Marske, sire of Eclipse, was by Squirt, dam by Hutton's Blacklegs, 2d dam by Bay Bolton, 3d dam by Foxcub, 4th dam bv Coneyskins, 5th dam by Hutton's Gray Barb.
DIOMED AND HIS GET, 137
Squirt was by Bartlett's Cbilders, dam by Snake, gr. dam Grey Wilkes by Hautboy. Marlborougb was by the Godolpbin Arabian, dam large Hartley mare.
Shark's most distinguished progeny are : Americus, Annette, Black Maria, dam of Lady Lightfoot, Opossum, Shark, Virago, and many others.
3d. DioMED — Foaled in 1777. Imported into Yirginia 1798. He was by Florizel, dam by Spectator, gr. dam by Blank, g. gr. dam by Childers, g. g. gr. dam Miss Belvoir, by Grey Grantham.
Florizel was by Herod, dam by Cygnet, gr. dam Cartouch, g. gr. dam Ebony, by Childers, g. g. gr. dam old Ebony by Basto.
Herod was by Tartar, out of Cyj)ron, by Blaze, out of Se- lima, &c., &c. — See table of Genealogy^ No. 2.
Diomed is probably the greatest sire of the greatest winner- getters ever brought into this country. Had he got none but Sir Archy, out of imported Castianira,* who brought him to America in her belly — that renown alone would have been more than enough ; for scarce a recent horse in England, unless it be PotSo's, has so distinguished himself as a progenitor.
He begot ; Bolivar, Diana, Dinwiddle, Duroc, Florizel, Gal- latin, Gracchus, Hamlintonian, Hampton, Hornet, King Herod, Lady Chesterfield, Madison, Marske, Nettle-top, Peace-maker, Potomac, Primrose, Sir Archy, Top-gallant, Truxton, Yirginius, Wonder, and many others. Most of the horses named above were the greatest runners of their day, and the getters of the greatest racers and sires to the present time. Boston, probably the very best horse that ever ran on American soil, was by Timoleon, grandson of Sir Archy, the best son of Diomed ; while Fashion, the very best mare that ever ran on this side the water, by her dam, Boniiets of Blue, daughter of Keality, was great-granddaughter of that same noble stallion ; and by her grandsire Sir Charles, sire of Bonnets and son of Sir Archy, was also his great-granddaughter, a second time, in the mater- nal line.
4:th. Gabbeiel — Foaled 1790, imported into Yirginia, was got by Dorimant, dam by Highflyer, gr. dam Snap mare, g. gr. dam by Shepherd's Crab, g. g. gr. dam Miss Meredith by Cade, g. g. g. gr. dam Little Hartley mare.
Dorimant was by Otho, dam Babraham mare, gr. dam Chiddy, * See Note ** on page 148.
138 . THE HOKSE.
by Hampton Court Childers, out of the Duke of Somerset's Bald Charlotte.
Otho was by Moses, dam Miss Yernon by Cade, gr. dam b} Partner, g. gr. dam by Bloody Buttocks, g. g. gr. dam bj Greyhound, g, g. g. gr. dam by Makeless, g. g. g. g. gr. dam by Brimmer, g. g. g. g. g. gr. dam by Place's White Turk, g. g. g. g. g. g. gr. dam by Dodsworth, g. g. g. g. g. g. g. gr. dam Layton's violet Barb mare.
Moses was by the Chedworth Foxhunter, dam by the Port- land Arabian, gr. dam, the dam of the Duke of Bridge water's Star, she by Eichard's Arabian.
Gabriel was brought into Virginia, and became, like the preceding horses, very famous for the splendor of his get and their great performances.
He got Oscar, Post Boy, and others. The former of whom, dam by imp. Medley, bred by General Tayloe, is his most cele- brated son. He was a good runner, and his blood tells in many of our best modern stallions and mares, especially in the South- ern States.
5th. Bedford — Foaled in 1Y92, imported into Yirginia. He was got by Dungannon, dam Fairy, by Highflyer, gr. dam Fairy Queen by Young Cade, g. gr. dam Routh's Black Eyes by Crab, g. g. gr. dam the Warlock Galloway by Snake, g. g. g. gr. dam Sister to the Carlisle Gelding by Bald Galloway, g. g. g. g. gr. dam Wharton Mare by Lord Carlisle's Turk, g. g. g. g. g. gr. dam by Bald Galloway, g. g. g. g. g. g. gr. dam by Byerly Turk. Dungannon was by Eclipse ont of Aspasia, by Herod, gr. dam Doris by Blank, g. gr. dam Helen by Spectator, g. g. gr. dam Daplme by the Godolphin Arabian, g, g. g. gr. dam by Fox, g. g. g. g. gr. dam by Childers, g. g. g. g. g. gr. dam by Makeless, g. g. g. g. g. g. gr. dam. Sister to Honeycomb Punch, by the Taffolet Barb.
The year of Bedford's importation is not exactly known. He was a great stallion, and there is hardly a family of liorses in the Southern States which do not in some degree, more or less, partake of his blood. He was a singularly formed horse — • a rich bay — with a peculiar elevation on his rump, amounting in appearance to an unsightliness, if not to an absolute deform- ity. This mark, known as the Bedford Hump, he has transmit-
BEDFORD AND HIS GEl. 139
ted to his posterity, and, whatever may have been the original opinion as to its beauty, it has been worn by so many celebrated winners, that it has come of late to be regarded as a fore- shadowing of excellence, rather than a deformity. It has been worn by Eclipse, Black Maria, her brother. Shark, Boston, Ar- gyle, and many other horses of great note.
Bedford got ; ^olus, Cup-Bearer, Fairy, Lady Bedford, Lot- tery, Nancy Air, Shylock, and others not inferior in repute.
On the first settlement of Tennessee, previous to its admission as a State into the Union, the early settlers began taking with them excellent stock from Virginia and Maryland, and the blood of Janus, Jolly Roger, Morton's Traveller, Pacolet, and other worthies of the olden times, still percolates in rich luxuriance through the veins of their noble steeds. It has been always a gallant and a sporting State ; and I feel proud and happy — the rather that the history of the blood stock of Tennessee and of the neighboring State of Kentucky is nearly identical — to be allowed the opportunity of presenting to my readers a most valuable memoir of the blood of its best equine families, con- siderately and kindly compiled for me from his own memoranda of old times, and from personal recollection of events, even before General Jackson and his contemporaries were on the turf, by a veteran turfman and a hereditary breeder, Mr. Wil- liam Williams — to whom I take this occasion of tendering my most grateful and respectful thanks.
EDITORIAL yOTES.
* (P. 126.) Spark, by Honeycomb Punch out of Wilkes' Old Hautboy mare, can be found in the English Stud-Book, Vol. I., page 431, and in Bruce Stud-Book, Vol. I., page 51. The pedigree, as given by Skinner, cannot be found in the English Stud-Book.
f (P. 127.) Certificate of Colonel Tayloe, given in 1773, makes Jenny Cameron by Cuddy (son of Fox) out of Mr. Willy's famous mare Cabbagewise ; neither can be substantiated in English Stud-Book.
j^ (P. 128.) Various conjectures have arisen respecting the true pedigree of Morton's Traveller. His dam had colt foals by Partner in 1734, '37, '40, '43, '45, '46, and '47. She missed to Partner in 1742 and 1748. The pedigree is correct. See Bruce Stud-Book, Vol. I., page 56.
§ (P. 130.) A race-course was established at Charleston, S. C, in 1735, called the York Course, over which horses ran. Some of the premiums were valued at £140.
140 THE HORSE.
HISTORY
OF THE BLOOD-HORSE IN TENNESSEE.
Poplar Grotk, near Nashtille, Tenn. ) March 20th, 1856. )
Sir ; — 1 liad written to General Harding, in answer to his, enclosing jonr circular ; and in answer to yours to me, refer to my old memoranda, and make some additions.
The first settlers brought here some of their best stock from Virginia and the Carolinas ; and Maclin had, as I am informed, some Mexican mares, of the Spanish or Barb breed.
The early stallions, here, of the Janus family, were — Jupiter, said to be a son, — Cross's ; Comet, Lewis's, son of Harry Hill's Janus, and said to have a Marc Antony and Jolly Roger cross ; Sterne, Blakemore's ; and Bowie's horse, who took his owner's name, jn'onounced Biu-ey. His colts are said to have been un- equalled as quarter-horses. Bom^^ard, by Obscurity, imported, dam by Baylor's Fearnought ; Phoenix, by Yenetian, imj). dam Zenobia by Don Carlos, from Maryland. Of the Fearnought family — ^Eclipse, by Yirginia Eclipse, presumed Harris's — B. Bosley ; "VVildair, son of Symme's AVildair — Weakley's, out of a Fearnought ; and Bucephalus of a later period — Col. E. Ward. Of the Medley family — Fitz Medley, who covered for a season or two, and died in 1803-4 at I. Hooper's. Thus far from such information as I credited. About 1800, Gray Medley was in Sumner, Dr. Barry's — bred by Gov. Williams, ISTorth Carolina — reputed high-bred, and was very game in appearance. He lived to old age, and did good service ; Cook's Bel Air, by Tayloe's
TENNESSEEAN BLOOD-HORSES. 141
Bel Air, dam hy Hickman's Independence ; and Hal cot's Bay. Of the Celer family — McKinney's Roan, as I am informed, at ,R. C. Foster's, about 1805 ; and Celer, J. ThomjDson's, out of a Bel Air and Wildair, 1806. Coeur-de-Lion and Eoyalist, of tlie most approved English breeds, were here, and did good service ; the first died, ours, autumn 1809 — the last, spring 1814, Hal. Cook's. He was imported to New York, sold to Kentucky, brought here by Weakley & Co., probably sent South a season or two, and brought back by Cook. Truxton, one of imj). Diomed's best, was raised here by Gen. JacksoD, then covered many seasons, and sent South, 1808. Wonder — Wilkes' — an- other of Diomed's best, here, alternately in Sumner and Wil- liamson. He got Oscar, a capital racer and very good stallion, and died on the road, of colic, February 1815. Oscar was bred by Parson H. Saunders, out of Rosy Clack, by Saltram ; brought on the turf by Dr. Sappington, beat all competitors with ease, put to covering several seasons, sold to Gen. Desha, and died, his, November 1825. Dungannon in Sumner, and Yolunteer in Rutherford, said to be imported when colts. I can't fix the date. The first got some good stock. Brian O'Liun, 1811-12, at J. Shute's. He was very pretty — got Stump the Dealer. Dragon, of great celebrity in England, at Foster's, 1811-12, and died, as I was informed, of a thigh broken by a kick ; got some good stock. Tup, also at Foster's — whether before or after, I can't say. He was by Javelin, and of good action, but blind, and not much patronized. Collector, a season or two, and though old, left some stock, and died of a fall on the ice, winter 1814. He was by Mark Antony out of Lady-legs, a most capi- tal racer, and got Snap-Dragon. Boaster, imj)., two or three seasons — ^fine coat and good form — and died 1819, 1 think, at J. Harding's. Pacolet — a gray, and very beautiful — got by Citi- zen, imp., out of Epp's mare, dam of Wonder, was brought here to beat Maria — Hayne's. He did not do that, nor would any other horse, brought here, have done it, for she had beaten, with ease, all rivals, and was by Diomed, imp. ; her dam a very high-formed mare by Bel Air. He was then advertised by J. Jackson and T. Chiklers, and under the immediate supervision of J. W. Clay, after some years, sent South ; where his sons, Brushy-mountain, out of a Wonder, and Cumberland, out of
142 THE HOKSE.
Jackson's Daredevil mare, distinguished themselves. Col. Elliott brought him back to Sumner, where he stood until his death, October, 1825. He got also — Murphy's Pacolet, out of a Coeur-, de-Lion, Jerry, and the very distinguished Morgiana, out of Black Sophia, by Top-gallant, son of Gallatin, "Williamson's Pacolet, Massena, out of a Ragland Diomed, and the brothers, Messieurs Tonson, Sir Richard, Henry, and Champion, out of tlie line of Boswell Johnson's mare, Yirginia-bred, and stated by him to be full-bred. Tonson beat every thing here of his day, and afterward beat, at Boydton, the celebrated Sally Walker, against all Col. W. R. Johnson's skill and management. Richard was the most beautiful horse that could be led on a show ground, and a good racer at light weight, and very game, but rather delicate. The two last were colts of form and substance, but not so good or so fortunate as their elder brothers. Pacolet died at Col. Elliott's stables, October, 1825. Suwarrow, from Kentucky, with, or a little before, Pacolet — ^pretty and higli bred — and Barksdale's Gray Diomed, in very good form ; Sec- ond Diomed, also fine ; Eagland's Diomed, Constitution and Diomedon, and another Wonder — Hix's — in Williamson, and others of less note. Contemporary with these, was Bagdad, sold by the Minister to England from Tripoli to George Bar- clay ; exported to New York, and brought here in 1823, witli a certificate, in the French language, asserting his pure Arabian blood ; died February, 1836, and left some good stock, more remarkable for speed than bottom. Contemporary with him, of the Sir Archy stock, stood, at Sumner's, Gray Archy, Timo- leon, and Pacific ; at Col. Elliott's, Napoleon ; and at Parson Cryer's, Stockholder and Crusader ; Rattler in Rutherford ; Contention in Williamson ; Sir William and Arab I saw, in Nashville, but have no memoranda to show where they were stationed ; and Carolinian, one season at Nashville, with others of less distinction. Stockholder and Pacific were, I think, the favorites. The first got Betsy Malone, and others I can't name ; the last got Red-doe, Pactolus, &c., for Sumner ; and he got, for Gen. Harding, the very distinguished mare Gamma, in very high form, and her brother, Epsilon, thought to be better ; but meeting with an accident in a private trial, he was put to cover- ing, and is producing good runners. Indeed, in him the beauty
THE TONSON FAMILY. 143
of Richard and the strength of Pacific are combined in an emi- nent degree. The Sir Archy's bring me down to the later im- portations, and as Gen. Harding is more conversant with them, I will close with the remark, that Leviathan, imp. by J. Jack- son, has got more first-rate racers than any other horse since Sir Archy ; that Glencoe, not often, but sometimes, when the cross hits, gets a capital racer, especially at long distances, and that Priam, of Merritt & Co.'s importation, was the most superb large horse I ever saw. Citizen, imp. to Kortli Carolina by Gen Carney, had more accurate proportions and higliei finish — a more game Arabian look and carriage, than any native or imported that I ever had the pleasure to look upon. Pacolet had the Arabian air, but wanted something of his sire's finish in the shoulder. Yet his proud and lofty bearing sustained him in competition with the best English horses here of his day — ■ viz ; Boaster, fine ; Eagle, 1821-2, large and grand — and the very best Yirginia-breds. He imparted symmetry, and finish, and game, and fine temper to his stock. Pacific, got also John Dawson, his dam by Gray Archy, gr. dam sister to Brushy Mountain. He was a superb, large horse, and a good runner, and splendid on parade.
N. Swiss was one season at Sumner's with Pacific, and O'Kelly was in l^ashville, about 1835. Most probably there were others, not found in this communication, that have been here or in adjoining counties, that have had some infiuence. Conqueror, fine and well-bred, here and in Williamson, ought not to be omitted, though I can't fix the time. Bluster, im- ported, here 1826, in Williamson 1827-8, and died there after the season. Yours, &c.,
Will. Williams.
Poplar Grote, near Nashtille, Tenn. March 25, 1856.
\
Sir ; — On reading over the above, I observe that what I have said seems to assert the Tonson family were out of Boswell Johnson's Yirginia-bred, when I meant they were traced to her. Tlie pedigree — b. c. Sir John, got by Pacolet, dam b. by Top- gallant, gr. dam ch. ro., or gray, by Gray Medley out of John- son's Yirginia-bred, stated by him to be a full-bred mare. Bos- well, if I mistake not the name, was brother to Chapman
144: THE HORSE.
Johnson, and a man of intelligence ana respectability. Elliott used to say the Gray Medley mare was a sort of milk and cider color. Cryer bought either her or the Top filly at Johnson's sale. Foxall, an Englishman, and, I am inclined to think, a Yorkshireman, married Cryer's widow, and brought Sir John Richard on the turf, with the aid of Elliott and "Williams. When Sir John became a winner, his name was changed to Monsieur Tonson, and his dam took the name of Madame Ton- son, Top-gallant was a very fine horse, bred in Georgia. His pedigree runs — Got by Gallatin, dam by Wildair, Black and all Black. By "Wildair we of the South and South-west mean the son of Fearnought out of Kitty Fisher, Col. Symmes' horse, and not the Maryland Wildair, Sims' horse, son of Delancy's imp. Wildair. By Black and all Black, was probably meant Skipwith's horse, son of imp. Brunswick. As to Brimmer, my father bought Eclipse, about the close of the Revolution, of Col. Harris, and he stated that Eclipse was the sire of Col. Goode's Brimmer, confirmed by a circumstantial statement in one vol- ume of the American Turf Register, though it is briefly stated, ' in another volume, that Brimmer was by Yaliant. Having thus rectified and explained — I have learned from Dr. Robert- son that his father, the old General, brought here the first thoroughbred — he Ihinks called Why-not — from Maryland ; my note says — by Fearnought, dam by Othello, about 1788. He says his father and others, then and afterward, had many Spanish mares. Add to my preceding list, about 1815-16 — Highlander imp,, a finely formed white, small, but excejjt a bad ear, well-finished ; and Cliilders, a gray, imp. — neither much patronized- -and Doublehead, b. by Diomed, his dam. Major Park said, was a Fearnought and Janus. Park bought the Bel Air mare, dam of Hayne's Maria, to breed to him, and I sold him the Wildair mare, dam of Orion by Stirling, for the same purpose. After all, I may have forgotten, or never known, some good stallions in middle Tennessee.
If your object be a general stud-book and sporting maga- zine, then permit me to say, that Jolly Roger — Roger of the Vale, in England, imp. to Yirginia in 1748 — according to the opinion of men conversant in such matters, was distinguished among the early importations ; that Janus, ch. by Janus, Old
DISTINGUISHED STALLIOXS. 145
Fox, Bald Galloway, produced the fleetest, then and since known, as qnarter-liorses — quarter-mile racers. In my early boy- hood, I saw, at Col. John Dawson's, Fabricius, a brown, by old Janus, dam by Partner, Jolly Eoger, Mary Gray — very line. A little later, I saw old Mark Antony in the stable of Peter Morgan, sheriff of Halifax County, N. C. He was very dark brown, almost a black, the bay color visible on the muzzle and flank. I do not know that I ever saw a horse in higher form, except, perhaps. Citizen. Mark greatly improved the stock. And old Fearnought and his sons, and Mark Antony, brought the turf horse to a high state of perfection. Brimmer and Col- lector, with as good training, Avere, perhaps, equal to the good ones of the present day. Shark and Medley then came along, both capital, and both produced game stock. About 1790 to 1794, I frequently saw Celer, by Janus, dam Mead's Aristotle mare. He was highly finished, and gave both speed and bot- tom. Bel Air and Gray Diomed, I saw early in the present century ; both very fine, and left good stock. Then old ch. Diomed, who had no equal, nor any thing like a parallel, for the number and excellence of his sons, since Fearnought. Con- temporary and Bedford got good stock at light weights, espe- cially Gallatin, &c. And Spread Eagle, good, especially at high weights, got Maid of the Oaks, &c. Then Citizen, im- ported 1803, about 18 yrs. old — as elastic and lively as a colt, and approaching perfection nearer than any horse I ever saw — did good service, and his descendants, especially Pacolet and his stock, were, and yet are, held in high estimation for beauty, finish, and game. Sir Archy was foaled in 1805, and died, as I have understood, 27 yrs. old ; some make him equal to his sire, and other sportsmen and breeders give him the preference. Of the modern importations, I will only say : Leviathan stands next to Sir Archy ; that Glencoe gets some very superior racers, especially at long distances ; and that Priam w^as a j^rince among the chiefest.
Of the trotters I say nothing. Of the rackers I say that Tliomas E. Tumner, of Warren, IST. C, about 1790, imported from Karragansett Bay, a light ch. in color and form, called Free and Easy, and as was his name so was his pace. His like I have not since seen. His owner, in a ride from Halifax to Vol. I.— 10
146 THE HORSE.
"Warrenton, after tlio season, permitted him to go too freely, and he died in consequence. Afterward Ranger, dark cli., and of good substance, was brought from tlie same district of country, by Sam. Williams, I think, of Warren. Here I shall name only old Copper-bottom ; he was a cli. ro., brought hither, old, from Kentucky, stood three seasons, and died about 1846. His sire or grand-sire is said to have been a Canadian, and his dam well- bred. They, his colts, commanded high prices for the saddle.
Pedigrees in the South, j^i'ior to the issuing of the Turf Register, depended on manuscripts or memory, and thence fol- lowed transpositions and sometimes errors. Timoleon, one of Sir Archy's best, was a horse of great size, correct proportions and finish, good even to the hoofs, without apparent adulter- ation— dam by Saltram, imp. ; "Wildair, Symmes' ; Fellow, imp. ; Driver ; Yampire, imp. There are many Drivers, and we are not informed which ; and as to Fellow, he has been said to have been a cart-horse, imported to South Carolina. According to Lawrence, no three parts bred, was ever known to go the dis- tance •, and, as I believe with him, that full-blood, at least, is necessary to enable a horse to go the distance in competition with those purely bred, therefore, I have supposed Fallow to be a misprint, for Fellow, by Cade, foaled in 1757, and said to have been imported ; Vampire, foaled the same year. Of Stockhold- er's- pedigree, we have had several versions ; the last edition says — got by Sir Archy, dam by Citizen, imp. ; Stirling, imp. ; Mousetrap — said to be English Jack Rap, imp. ; Eclipse ; Fear- nought, imp. ; Apollo ; Janus, imp. ; Partner — Moore's — imp. , Silver Eye, imp. ; Jolly Roger, imp., out of Mary Gray, imp. It may be true to Fearnought, and it is j^robalile that Partner, was not Moore's, but the son of Traveller out of Selima, or Janus, or Silver Eye, or possibly two of those may stand before Jolly Roger in the pedigree, and close with Mary Gray. She is said to have been foaled 1742-4 by Roundhead out of Ring- bone, and to have brought several fillies to Jolly Roger. Moore's Partner was probably bred between 1774 and 1776. Grizewood's in 1731. As to Silver Eye, I can neither find him in Weatherby nor Pick. I think, in the American Turf Kegis* ter, he is said to be by the Cullen Arabian.*
* See Note f f on page 148.
OBITUAKT OF STALLIONS.
147
OBITUARIES.
Ch. Janus, imp., died about .
Fearnought, b., imp., died about
Eclipse, native, b., died about
Oeler, native, ch. " "
Hark Antony, br., " "
Shark, imp., br., " "
Medley, gr., imp., " " .
Spread Eagle, b., imp., "
Gray Diomed " " .
Messenger, gr., imp., died .
Ch. Diomed, imp., died -
Coeur-de-Lion, imp., died .
Dragon, ch., of a kick, .
Wonder, ch., February, on the road, of
Boaster, b., imp., autumn,
Pacolet, gr., October, of colic,
Oscar, br., November, of colic,
Eagle, b., imp., .
Constitution, summer, .
Bluster, imp., autumn,
Buzzard, ch., imp.,
Sir Archy, about
colic
|
Trs. old |
||
|
1780, |
Va., |
33. |
|
1*776, |
Va., |
26. |
|
1790, |
Va., |
20. |
|
1802, |
N. C, |
28. |
|
1793-4 |
, N. C, |
32-3. |
|
1796, |
Va., |
25. |
|
1799, |
Va., |
23. |
|
1805, |
Ky., |
13. |
|
1806, |
N. C, |
20. |
|
1808, |
N. Y., |
28. |
|
1808, |
Va., |
31. |
|
1809, |
20. |
|
|
1812, |
Tenn., |
25. |
|
1815, |
Tenn., |
15. |
|
1819, |
Tenn., |
24. |
|
1825, |
Tenn., |
17. |
|
1826, |
Tenn., |
11. |
|
1827, |
Ky., |
30. |
|
1827, |
Tenn., |
22. |
|
1828, |
Tenn., |
20. |
|
1811, |
Ky., |
24. |
|
1833, |
N.C., |
32, |
I have had the ahove on such authority as I credited at the time, and think tliem correct, or nearly so. Obituary lists are not only a matter of curiosity, but serve to detect forgeries in some cases.
Citizen, and Mark Antony, and Celer, and Bel Air, and Gray Diomed, and Pacolet, were, in point of fact, nearer the Arabian, and approximated nearer the heau ideal^ than any of the importations at the close of the last or commencement of the present century. They are, to my taste, Turk. The Dio- meds, the Archys, the Leviathans, were remarkable for size and stride ; but if among them you found a beauty, you had to look to the dam, viz. ; "Wonder, dam by Tippoo Saib, son of Lindsay's Arabian ; Second Diomed, gray, dam by Clockfast ; Barksdale's Gray Diomed, who, through Brimmer and Polly Flaxen, united the Godolphin and Darley Arabians ; John Dawson, a bay — a superb, large horse, got by Pacific — had by his dam a Gray Medley, a Pacolet, and two Tippoo Saib crosses. Ife was a good one on the turf under bad management, and
148 THE HORSE
took a premium at an agricultural show ; and had be been trained by Williams, and kept and sustained by Elliott, as a stallion, be would, in all probability, have distinguished himselt in both capacities. I do not know what became of him ; but I do know he might have stood by Eagle and Dragon, and not suffered by the comparison.
Will. Williams.
EDITORIAL NOTES.
* (P. 131.) Sloven is said to have been imported about 1767 or '68, was by Cub, dam by the Bolton Starling — Sister to Amelia by Godolphin Arabian — Childers— Bonny Black, a daughter of Black Hearty. The pedigree cannot be traced in the EngUsh Stud-Book.
\ (P. 131.) This pedigree, as given by Edgar, cannot be correct for the Large Hartley mare, a roan colt in 1736, which was known as Hartley's roan stallion by Hip.
:]: (P. 133.) One of the Seluns was an Arabian, the other byBajazet dam Miss Thigh.
§ (P. 133.) This is the horse Granbj", called also Marquis of Granby.
I (P. 133.) This is a spurious pedigree. Selim was foaled 1759 by imp. Othello, dam imp. Selima by the Godolphin Arabian.
^ (P. IS-!.) Tasker's Sehma, b. f., was foaled 1746 by the Godolphin Arabian, dam Large Hartley mare by his blind horse. Many of the very best horses in the country are descended from her. See Bruce Stud-Book, Vol. I., page 118; or English Stud-Book, Yol. L, page 87.
** (P. 137.) Castianira was imported in 1799. She could not have brought Sir Archy to America in her belly, as she produced one filly by imported Mufti before him. Sir Archy was foaled in 1805. Diomed was imported in 1799.
fl (P. 146.) FaUower was imported into South Carolina in 1766 by Blank, dam by Partner, 2d dam by Bloody Buttocks, 3d dam by Greyhound, &c., &c. Fellow, a ch. h., foaled 1757, was also imported into America. He was by Cade, dam by Duke of Bolton's Goliah, 2d dam by Partner, 3d dam by Turk, &c., &c.
HISTOEY
OF THE BLOOD HORSE IN NEW YORK.
Henky W. Herbert, Esq.
Dea?' Sir ; — A short time since, I received a letter from a raucli esteemed friend — the Hon. John A. King — covering one from you to him, making inquiries in relation to blood-horses and course-racing, which he seemed to think I could answer better than himself. Although ray pursuits may have caused me to examine more critically, and think more deeply on the sub- jects of inquiry, yet my ability to place on paper suitably facts and ideas is so immeasurably inferior to his, that though I may possibly communicate more information, it will probably be much less interesting than if furnished by his more ready and gifted pen. Be this, however, as it may be, I will endeavor to give such information as best I can; first premising that, although particularly interested in the blood-liorse, and having witnessed most of the important races in this vicinity for more than half a century, I have few records, except those which are common to the whole country — the S2:)orting periodicals of the last thirty years. Indeed, so indefatigable have been the edi- tors of those journals, that I presume the name and character of every distinguished horse of the whole country may be found within these pages. From these and other sources, you will obtain information of many of which I know little, while I will endeavor to name tliose, which formerly gave character to the stock of the North.
150 THE nORSE.
It is well known tliat, at a very earlj day in our history,, frequent importations of horses were made, but, it is believed, without any particular reference to blood. For some time, however, previous to the Revolution, a spirit of emulation ex- isted in these colonies, and the thoroughbred horse became an object of interest. Among the earliest of our importations, which laid a foundation, broad and deep, of the racing stock of the ]^orth, were Wildair and the Cub mare, in 1763, by Mr. Delancy. Soon after came Sloven, in 1765 ; Figure, in 1766 ; Lath, in 1768, and Whirligig in 1773. All these contributed more or less to our racing-stock ; but to Bashaw the produce of "Wildair and the Cub mare, foaled shortly after their arrival in this country, and to Figure are we mainly indebted for placing us on an equality, at least, with earlier and much more exten- sive breeders at the South. In the latter part of the last century, and the very beginning of this, a number of superior stallions were imported, which, standing at moderate prices, greatly im- proved the general stock of the country. Among these may be mentioned. Slender, in 1785 ; Messenger, in 1786 ; Bajazet'" and Highlander, in 1794 ; Light Infantry and Sourcrout, about the same time ; Baronet, in 1795 ; Alexanderf in 1797 ; and Expedition, in 1802. All of these made a favorable change in the racing and road-stock of the l^orth. But immeasurably superior to all others W' as Messenger, and take him all in all, unquestion- ably the best horse ever brought to America. He not only produced race-horses of the first order, both at long and short distances, but as roadsters his get was unequalled. Well do I remember him when standing at the stable of Townsend Cock, in this county. His large bony head, rather short straight neck, with windpipe and nostrils nearly twice as large as ordinary, with his low withers, and shoulders somewhat upright, but deep, close, and strong. But behind these lay the perfection and power of the machine. His barrel, loin, hips, and quarters w^ere incomparably superior to all others. His hocks and knees were unusually large ; below them his limbs were of medium size, but flat, strong and remarkably clean, and, either in stand- ing or in action, their position was perfect.
Baronet, too, left his mark on our stock ; of all the importa- tions, none equalled him in elegance and finish. And at a later * S^e Note * on page 155. f See Note f on page 155.
• COURSE-KACING AT THE NORTH. 151
period, wlien liis get and that of Messenger mingled, it was tlie abiding hope of the breeder to obtain the fine forehand, rich color, and perfect symmetry of a Baronet, with the speed, power, and will of a Messenger. Light Infantry and Expedition were horses of similar character, possessing great beauty of form and elegance of action. Both contributed essentially to the general improvement, and in several instances their get obtained dis- tinction on the turf.
Of later importations — Phoenix, in 1803 ; Bussorah, in 1819 ; Koman, in 1823 ; Barefoot, in 1828 ; Hedgeford, in 1832 ; Autocrat, in 1831 ; Trustee, in 1835 — several have produced at least one of great excellence — Trustee, the wonder, Fashion ; Roman, a Treasurer ; Barefoot, a Clara Howard ; and Hedgeford, a Duane — but their many failures under favorable circumstances, at least suggest the inquiry, whether the dam has not quite as mucli, if not more to do in the production of these isolated cases of superior excellence, as the sire.
Of Bussorah and other Arabians which have been imported, although evidently great pains have been bestowed on their selection, it is admitted that none have added essentially to the value of our stoct. Bussorah possessed great beauty, was of approved pedigree, and free from any particular defects of form, consequently great hopes were entertained of his usefulness ; but, after experimenting for a great length of time with liim and others, the conclusion has become irresistible that a horse, to insure superiority either in performance or production, must not only be perfect in pedigree, and passably good in his shapes, but possess that hi2:h and commanding form which gives ex- ceeding power, while at the same time it insures ease of action.
With regard to the commencement of course-racing at the North, I am not ^particularly informed. But previous to the Revolution there existed, near the centre of the county, a pub- lic course, called ll^ewmarket ; and also one at Jamaica, called Beaver Pond ; at both of which trials of speed frequently took place, but whether at regular intervals is not known. As early as 1800, courses existed at Albany, Poughkeepsie, and Harlem, in this State, on which purses, from one to four-mile heats, were contended for. It is believed, however, that until 1801, no reg- ularly organized club existed here. In this year an associa-
152 THE HORSE.
tion, principally of Long Island ag-riculturists, was formed for five years ; the old ISTewmarket Course was remodelled, and purses given, in May and October of each year, for four, tliree, and two-mile beats. At tlie expiration of tlie live years, find- ing it difficult to raise sufficient funds, or enforce regulations on an nnenclosed course, tbe same gentlemen reorganized tlie so- ciety, and established an enclosed course, giving it the same name, about a mile north of the former. It is worthy of re- mark, that on these courses, at an early day, some of those horses, whose efforts and characters are still most distinguished in our State and country, made their first entry. On the former, Tippoo Sultan, Ilambletonian, Bright Phoebus, Miller's Dam- sel, and Empress, obtained their first laurels, to be variously M'orn in this and another field of usefulness. Sultan, after a continued series of victories on the turf, went into the breeding- stud with his flag flying at the pinnacle, there to droop, and finally trail in the dust. Hambletonian, with varied success as a racer, as a stallion became distinguished for the elegance and finish, as well as speed and endurance of his get, for the saddle, harness, and trotting-course. Phoebus, though a good one, failed to repose on the elevated platform which his jjedigree, fine appearance, and early performance induced his friends to erect. The wreath so deservedly bestowed on the two most magnificent fillies that ever graced the JSTorthern turf, now faded and now bloomed, nntil the performances of Eclipse, the son of one, and of Ariel, the grand-daughter of tlie other, added roses whose enduring perfume, while it incites to future struggles for victory, M-ill ever tend to tem^^er the ardor of exultation or soothe the anguish of defeat.
As evidence that the renown obtained on this course was fairly won, it is only necessary to state that Messrs. Bond and Hughs, of Philadelphia — whose liberality, judgment, and skill in procuring, training, and managing their horses, was scarcely second to that of Colonel Johnson and Tayloe — regularly at- tended here, with their stable, at the head of which was First Consul, then confessedly among the very best of the Soutli.
On the latter course. Cock of the Bock and Eclipse first gave evidence of those powers which conducted the one to
THE " UNION COURSE," 153
eminence ; tlie other, b j an unbroken succession of victories, to his last glorious triumph.
While racing continued with regularity at l^ewmarket, the course at Harlem was also kept up ; and for a short period, one was established at Powle's Hook, in Kew Jersey, opposite New York city. But not until 1819 did the citizens of New York manifest a just appreciation of the exciting and healthful amuse- ment. In this year an association was formed, principally of citizens, and a course established at Bath, in the county of Kings, on Long Island, and races held there for two seasons. The location, however, not proving satisfactory, in 1821 the same association purchased a plot of ground in Queens County, eight miles from Brooklyn, enclosed it, and under the title of the " Union Course," largely increased the amount of purses, and placed racing on a more elevated and permanent footing than heretofore. In 1828, an association of gentlemen estab- lished a course in Dutchess County, near Poughkeepsie, gave liberal purses, and had well-conducted and good racing for several years. In 1838, individual enterprise established the Beacon Course at Hoboken, New Jersey, opposite New York city. Great expense was incurred in grading and making suit- able erections. Large purses were given, and for a time its easy access from the city rendered it exceedingly popular.
The foregoing are believed to be all the courses, of any con- siderable note, that have existed in this State or adjacent ; and it is somewhat remarkable, that within the last ten or fifteen years, all have been abandoned except in Queens County, L. L, and here principally kept up by the trotting fraternity, with occasional exhibitions of the noblest amusement that ever stirred the blood or engaged the mind of man. Indeed the people seem to be instinctively drawn to a count^T- which has ever been the focus of racing, as well as the field of successful breeding. Many of the very best racers, as well as trotters, have been reared within her limited borders, and scarcely a stallion of any eminent standing at the North, but has held his court within her precincts. Evincing, also, the spirit and liberality of her ])eople, and not irrelevant to the subject of this discursive com- munication, is the fact that about the year 1T98 or '99, a hunting- club was formed by gentlemen of the Island ; a pack of hounds
154 THE IIOESE.
obtained, and located about four miles east of Jamaica, and as l^articularly indicative of the spirit and emulation whicli char- acterized its members, six of their number agreed to send to England and import each a horse expressly for the saddle. Among the most successful of these was Richard Smith, Esq., of Suffolk County, who in old " Royal George," obtained the very heau ideal of a hunter. Many amusing anecdotes were related by this liberal, high-toned, but facetious gentleman, of indulging his amateur friends from the city with a ride on his favorite, who was perfectly docile and quiet by the side of the cover ; but the moment the game was roused and the pack gave tongue, no ordinary arm could restrain, nor fence nor furze ap- parently impede him, until he had arrived in their midst, where he was satisfied quietly to continue.
I am unwilling, my dear sir, to close this communication without the endeavor to place on record in juxtaposition, the names and characters of unquestionably the best three race- horses ever bred in this State. They were on the turf at difier- ent periods, but each in his day was as confessedly superior to all others at the ]>rorth, as in intellectual endowments was Web- ster in Massachusetts, Clay in Kentucky, and Calhoun in Caro- lina. I allude to Mr. VanEanst's Potomac, Tippoo Sultan, and American Eclipse. The first a son, the other two grandsons, of Messenger. Potomac foaled in 1796, Sultan in 1800, Eclipse in 1814. Each ran about an equal number of races, and neither was ever beaten. Of Potomac's races several were short, but never from choice ; his friends being confident he was the fast- est, but perfectly certain he was the gamest horse then on the turf, whenever an opponent offered, exerted themselves to ex- tend the distance and increase the stake, but in every case closed with the best proposition they could obtain. The result invariably proved the correctness of their judgment.
Often have I listened to the discussions of Mr. Yan Panst and my late father, Major William Jones — of whom it may be said, that from early manhood up to more than fourscore years of age, he was never without a race-horse in his stable — relative to the respective merits of the two horses for whom they enter- tained so great a geographical as w^ell as pecuniary interest. Neither could resist the conclusion that Eclipse was the supe
154
THE HORSE.
h
I
■^"il
Neither could resist the conclusion that Eclipse was the supe
<J
TIPPOO SULTAN. 155
rior, but both agreed that Potomac had the most speed, and in the endeavor to lix the point in a four-mile heat, where Eclipse would pass him, they confessed themselves at fault, for in all his trials, and in all his races, he was never known to falter.
Sultan triumphed over all his rivals except Damsel ; owing to various causes they never met. Had they done so, both in condition, the contest would have been severe and the result doubtful. But this could scarcely have happened, for Damsel was so constitutionally timid and excitable, that the moment she was brought near a public course or stable, she would refuse her feed, and consequently was rarely if ever in order.
All these three horses were of similar form and character- istics, and all of large size — Sultan highest on the leg, and of at least twelve inches more stride. Their great superiority arose from their exceeding power over the loin and in the hind quar- ters, combined with a deep and capacious chest, allowing free play to the lungs, and a windpipe and nostril which enabled them to inhale and consume with ease a much larger quantity of air than most others.
I have thus, my dear sir, answered joiw several inquiries to the best of my ability ; and I sincerely regret that a lack of memoranda and record prevents my giving more detailed and specific information on a subject which will always possess for me the deepest interest. Please acknowledge the receipt of this at your convenience, addressing me at Cold Spring Harbor, L. I. I remain, dear sir.
Yours with much respect,
David W. Jones.
April Sd, 1856.
EDITOEIAL NOTES.
* (P. 150.) Bajazet Aas foaled 1754, and must have been imported before 1794. f (P. 150.) Alexander's pedigree, as given by Edgar, is spurious.
PEDIGREES, PERFORMANCES, AND ANECDOTES,
OF FAMOUS AMERICAN EACEES OF THE MODERN DAY.
The letter, above given, of an eminent and distinguislied turf- man, whose title to that honorable appellation is hereditary, and known as widely in America as is the name of the American Turf, brings down, it will be seen, the history of that Turf to what In ay be called its palmiest days — the latter portion of the first, and commencement of the second quarter of the present century.
Previous to the Revolution, as we have seen, racing, as an established, organized institution, was nearly, if not absolutely, confined to the States of Maryland, Yirginia, and South Caro- lina, which were then emphatically the Racehorse Region of the United States of America.
Up to this period, with but few exceptions, all the distin- guished blood mares and stallions had been imj)orted into those States, and in them, only, did a distinct and very noble strain of thorough blood exist, which, although, of course, tracing directly to English ancestry on both sides, may be, with some propriety, termed Yirginian ; since, as a general rule, whether accidentally or from choice, the pedigrees of nearly all the im- portations run back, through but three or four families, to the same noted progenitors; the most renowned of which, perhaps, are the Godolphin Arabian, the Byerly Turk, Sj)anker, Grey-
HORSE-KACING IN NEW YORK. 157
hound, the "WTiite Turk, Dodsworth, and Layton's Violet Barb mare.
It is undeniable that a vast number of the early Virginian pedigrees are not susceptible of proof, owing to reasons amply enumerated above ; and there is as little doubt that very many have been fabricated, and are the merest of forgeries ; still, it is clearly in evidence that many animals, and those the most fashionable and successful foal-getters in the Southern racing States, were of the unequalled stock above indicated.
Where, as compared with England, the number of families was few, the choice of stallions limited, and, more than all, the original number of imported thoroughbred mares, as progeni- trixes, yet more limited, it is evident that the horses of this era must have been very much in-bred ; and it is worthy of remark, that the old Vii'ginia pedigrees, owing to the early infusion of Godolphin Arabian and Croft's Partner blood, run through fewer generations to Oriental parentage on both sides, than the generality of English horses of the same date. It is said, also, by those who remember the strain before it was intermixed with the more recent English blood, that the horses of ante-revolu- tionary, and early post-revolutionary fame, retained in a great degree the Arab and Barb or Turk characteristics in height, figure, and qualities ; and possessed far more of what our ances- tors intended to convey by the words a Eacer in a high form, than of what we should esteem perfection in the modern fashion- able race-horse.
It will be observed, in the communication to which I have referred, that it w^as not until the year 1819, that the citizens of New York began fully to appreciate the utility and practical excellence of horse-racing, or to give it such encouragement as it had always received in Virginia and Maryland ; where the majority in numbers, and the whole, one might say, in wealtli, enterprise and education, of the white population, were coun- try gentlemen of athletic habits, out-of-door tastes, liberal hands and open hearts, which belong every where, and belong, it seems to me, alone, to rural aristocracies.
And, again, it was not until ten years later, in the autumn of 1829, that any regular publication was set on foot, for the avowed purpose of recovering as much as was possible of the
158 THE HORSE.
lost early pedigrees of the magnates of the American Turf, and for the preservation of authentic records for the time to come. This work, Skinners American Turf Register and Sporting Magazine, continued for ten years to do good service for the cause of the Turf, and, with Edgar's stud-book, which unfor- tunately never was completed, constitutes the first and only au- thority, presented to the public, on which reliance can be placed as to the blood of animals asserted to be thoroughbred.
In the year 1839, the magazine passed into the hands of that most able editor and admirable turf- writer, Mr. William T. Por- ter, of New York, than whom the Turf of America has had no more consistent advocate, or more strenuous defender. In the close of 18-14, the Magazine was, it is greatly to be regretted, discontinued, the encom-agement not being found adequate to the support of both the monthly periodical and the weekly Spirit of the Times, both issued from the same office, and made np in some part of the same materials.
This cessation it is hardly possible too greatly to deplore ; for, although Mr. Richards continues to prepare and publish a yearly Turf-Eegister, from the old office, containing a full and accurate record of races and racing events, and a register of the winning horses of the year, there is, of course, no space for such discussion of pedigrees, disputed or not fully established, or such debate on intricate questions of breeding, running, time, weights, riders and the like, in its pages, as were so valuable in those of the famous old magazine ; inadequate as even it was to fill the place of that great desideratum of the American horse world, a complete and careful annual American stud-book.
These thoughts may seem in some sort superfluous ; but, without having introduced them, I should find it somewhat dif- ficult to explain what I mean to convey, when I state that I consider the commencement of authentic American horse- racing to be about coeval with the commencement of the sec- ond quarter of the present century, or, at the most, a few 3'ears earlier.
I, by no means, intend or desire by this expression to under- estimate the genuineness of the blood, to deny the excellence, speed, stoutness, or authenticity of performance of the cele- brated worthies of ante-revolutionary, or early post-revolution-
OBSCUEITT OF PEDIGREES. 159
ary dajs, any more than I -undervalue or doubt the pedigree or merits of tlie great forefathers of the English Turf, in the days of Queen Anne, and of the first monarchs of the House of Hanover.
Much, in fact, as I regard the fame of Buck-Hunter, Spanker, Childers, Cartouch, Bald Charlotte, Matchem, and a hundred others one might name, do I esteem that of the Fear- nought, Janus, Celer, Tryall, Yorick, Traveller, and the mares Selima, Kitty Fisher, Jenny Cameron, Jenny Dismal, and many others, of American immortality. The pedigrees of many of them run into the obscurity of time, and one must write down, at last, unknown^ for either dam or sire, as is the case with more than one of the admitted great English progenitors.
For instance — the sire of Bockwood is unknown ; the dams of Coneyskins, Clumsy, Gray Grantham, and Whynot — the grand-dams of Bay Bolton, Snake, Jigg, and a score of others, from whom it is held glory enough to be descended, are all un- known ; but not, for that, are they to be held of impure or cold blood. ■^■•■
In like sort, I hold it indisputable that the dams of many of the noblest and most perfect — and, to judge from all analogy, the most pure-blooded — of the progenitors and progenitrixes of the American Turf, are unknown. The dam of Tasker's Selima is, I hold it, unknown ; for of three dams assigned to her, I can- not find that she has any claim to one.f Snap-dragon by Snap, out of whom slie is said to have been got, was not foaled until her sire, Godolphin Arabian, was dead. Tlie Large Hartley mare, to whom that capital turf-writer, Observer, assigns her, as sister to Bahraham, had, according to the stud-book, no chestnut filly by Godolphin, and one that answers to the date of Selima. And the Fox mare, whose dam Avas by Childers, and who was herself dam to "Weasel and Daphne by Godolphin, had no other foals to that horse, nor any foal earlier than 1750-51, in which year Selima is said to have been imported. This last is Skinner's pedigree of this famous mare. The dam of Jenny Cameron is not stated.^ The dam of Kitty Fisher is said to have been out of Bald Charlotte, by the Cullen Arabian, but there is no show of proof that this thrice famous mare ever bore a filly to that Arab. And again, the dam of Jenny Dismal
* See Note * on p. 170. f See Note f on p. 170. X See Note % on p. 170.
160 THE HORSE.
is recorded to have been a "Whitefoot mare, while of five White- foot mares in the stud-book not one appears to liave borne a foal to Dismal, the son of Godolphin. These statements I do not make invidiously, or with the intent to disparage the purity of the blood of these animals — of wdiicli I have no doiibt ; but simply to show that the same want of absolute authenticity is apparent, when we go beyond a certain date in both England^- and America, that date being more recent in the latter country, owing to the later introduction of authentic registries.
Kor does this want of authenticity attach to pedigrees, only ; or even in the greatest degree ; for it is much more apparent in the traditional report of performances.
The absurd myth of Flying Childers having run a mile in a minute, still obtains — not among sportsmen, for of course there is not a man, who knows what a race-horse is, either in Eng- land or America, at this day, who does not scoff at the palpa- ble impossibility of the thing — but generally among the vulgar ; although it has been made sufficiently clear that, in the only recorded race of this horse, he did not exceed that of West Australian in England, or of Lexington or Lecompte in this country.
As progenitors, all these horses, in both countries, may be considered, then, in my view, as entities, or, if the reader prefer it, facts — as jjerformers, in view of any thing which we know positively, or can ascertain, of tlieir performances, I must hold them myths.
Thus, on the English Turf, while I do not dispute or doubt the excellence of Elying Childers, Regulus, Matchem, Marske, OTvelly's Eclipse, and other such — for they must have been un- deniably good horses to do that, which we know they did do — beat, namely, all the best horses of their respective times, at all weights and distances — I give no credence whatsoever con- cerning any jDarticular or special performance of any one of them ; and I distinctly assert my opinion, that there is nothing whatever, beyond the idlest and emptiest rumor, on which to found any comparison between them and the horses of to-day.
On the English Turf,"* I esteem nothing positively authentic, in the shape of performances — apart, I mean, from pedigrees — previous to the institution of the St. Leger stakes, first won by * See Note § on page 170.
THE AMERICAN TUKF. 161
Lord Itockiiigham's Sampson fillj, in 1776 ; of the Oaks, first V7"on by Lord Derby's Bridget, in 1779, and of the Derby, first won by Sir Charles Bunbnry's Diomed — sire of our Sir Archy — in 1780.
So on the American Turf I hold nothing, as on record^ prior to the races of American Eclipse and liis competitors.*
To draw a parallel, as nearly as I can draw one, I regard the old Virginian Turf, prior to the fifteenth year, at least, of the nineteenth century, as neither more nor less authentic than that of England np to the time of English Eclipse ; and I consider that the era of the importation and covering of Diomed and Messenger in the United States as parallel to that of O'Kelly's wonderful stallion in the old country.
From the day when the sons and daughters of these noble animals began to run upon the turfs of England and the tracks of America, all is plain and on record, so that who runs may read.
The first great excellence of what I consider the authentic recorded race-horse of America, I ascribe to what I call the first grand post-revolutionary cross of English with the old Virginian blood, produced by the importation of the two horses above named ; of, almost simultaneously, Bedford, Medley, Gabriel ; and of Shark, a few years earlier.
The get of these horses are collateral here, with the High- flyers, Florizels, King Ferguses, "Whalebones, Waxys, PotSos and Beningbroughs across the water, and their posterity hold similar relations and relative positions.
The palmy time, then, of the Turf in America, I should state to have lain between the years 1815 and 18'±5, the former date being little earlier than its dawn, the latter a little later than the first symptoms of its decline.
For without asserting that the quality of the American thoroughbred horse has as yet begun to fall ofi", or its character to deteriorate, I do maintain that the racing spirit has received a severe check ; one, which must ultimately, if it continue, se- riously aflfect, if not destroy, in toto, the American Race-horse, in spite of all his glories, all his excellencies, and all the incom- parable benefits he has conferred on the stock of the country ut large — not least on what is now the rage of the North
* Eaces published in American Farmer from 1818 to '30 are just as reliable. — Ed.
Vol. L— 11
162 THE HOESE.
and "West, the Trotting jpCorse, althougli it is now the game and cant of the day to deny the influence of blood in this class of animals.
The wholesome and amicable rivalry of the Northern and Southern stables, with their — in a greater or lesser degree — dis- tinctive families, was an unquestionable stimulus to breeders, and told its tale in the high form of the racers which we used to see contending in the good days of the 30's — under the auspices of such men as Messrs. Johnson and Tayloe, Yan Mater, Wade Hampton, Bingaman, Stevens, Livingston, Stock- ton, Tillotson, Jones, Gibbons, and many more, as good as they, from all sections of the country.
Of those palmy days it is with pleasure that I can say
quaeque ipse celerrima vidi
Et quorum pars parva fui.
Tlie great race of races, it is true, was one of the things bye- gone when I first trod the soil of America ; but the first Amer- ican race-horse on whom I set eyes, in the first year of my no- vitiate, was the champion. Eclipse ; and the next, his gallant competitor. Sir Henry. Ariel, the most successful and enduring, perhaps, of all the progeny of the great northern conqueror, was withdrawn from the scene of her glories, already ; but it was my fortune to witness, as my entering to the turf of Long Island, the splendid twenty-mile mare-race, the prize of which was borne off by that magnificent and honest animal, Black Maria ; who, singularly enough, combines all the imported blood which I have named, together with the old Virginian strains of Clockfast, Fearnought, Yorick, and the rest, having, through her sire, American Eclipse, Diomed, Messenger, Bed- ford and Medley crosses, and by her dam. Lady Lightfoot, Sir Archy and Shark crosses.
From that time forward, meeting after meeting, there was one constant and continued succession of good, nay ! great horses on the turf, and meeting after meeting, year after year, spring and fall, from Long Island to New Orleans, there was one constant promise, and that promise made good, of fine sport for sportsmen. Those were the days of such mares as Trifle, Bonnets of Blue, Fashion, Peytona, Heel, and many more sec-
MINGO — CLARION — POSTBOY. 163
end, if second, to none but the best of these ; and these, all except one or two, not long enough withdrawn to have transmit- ted their honors, likely to perpetuate them to the most remote posterity — of such horses as Medoc — by Eclipse ; his dam. Maid of the Oaks, by imp. Expedition ; g. dam, old Maid of the Oaks, by Spread Eagle ; g. g. dam — the dam of E^ancy Air — by Shark, g. g. g. dam by Rockingham, g. g. g. dam by Gal- lant, g. g. g. g. dam by True Whig, g. g. g. g. g. dam by imp. Regulus, g. g. g. g. g. g. dam by imp. Diamond — an animal of singular beauty, and one who was withdrawn from the turf in the prime of his performances, and cut oif by an unfortunate accident, ere he had half fulfilled his promise as a stallion.
Mingo, by American Eclipse ; his dam, Bay Bett, by Thorn- ton's Rattler — ^he by Sir Archy — g. dam, Cliffden mare, by impd. Clifi"den, g. g. dam by Hall's Spot — he by Hall's imp. Eclipse out of imj). mare — g. g. g. dam by Hyder Aly, he by Lindsay's Arabian, dam by Othello, &c., — to my own mind, for shape, figure, stride and action, the race-horse in the highest form, that I have ever seen, be the other who he may, since I have been in America. He was as big as he was beautiful, and as good as he was big. It always appeared to me that this magnificent animal never had half a fair chance, on our little one-mile-round courses ; which, it must be admitted, are as much against a long-striding, lengthy, raking galloper, as they are in favor of a short, active, quick-gathering, compact animal. He was a good winner and good performer, after all, though he was often most indifierently ridden. I once saw him come in a winner, in a four-mile heat, with his head pulled half round, the snaffle drawn wholly through his mouth to the left, and the rein acting as a bit.
Clarion, by Monmouth Eclipse, dam by Oscar, as beautiful and gallant a hoi'se as a man need look upon.
Postboy — by Henry, his dam Garland by Old Duroc, g. d. Young Damsel by Harailtonian, g. g. d. Miller's Damsel by Imported Messenger, g. g. g. d. by PotSos, g. g. g. g. d. by Gim- crack, &c. — a good horse, and supposed for a short time to be a wonder, but clearly overrated, and in the end admitted to be so. He was not, by a long shot, so good a horse as Mingo, of whom it is asserted that he was never beaten, when in con-
164 THE H0E8E.
ditioii — Jin assertion, perhaps, in this case, true, but in all cases easy to make, and impossible to disprove — and was beaten by John Bascombe, who, though, also, for a time, esteemed pro- digious, was only a good, and not an extra good, race-horse.
John Bascombe by Bertrand ; he by Sir Archy out of Eliza, by Bedford ; dam Gray Goose by Pacolet ; he by imp. Citizen g. dam Sally Sneed by imp. Buzzard, g. g. dam Jane Hunt by Gen. Hampton's Paragon, g. g. g. dam by imp. Figure, g. g. g. g. dam Miss Slamerkin by imp. Wildair, g. g. g. g. g. dam Delan- cy's imp. Cub mare.
This is as good an American pedigree as can easily be pro- duced. He was a large, tall, rather leggy and decidedly light- bodied horse ; but had fine action and w^as an easy goer ; his jjoints were for speed, not for staying the distance, or carry- ing weight. He beat the best horses of his year — Argyle and Postboy ; but the year was not a crack one, and like many other horses, who have been held cracks of the minute, he has settled down into his proper place. It has been calculated that Boston and Fashion, in their great race, would have beat Bas- combe in his Postboy race by 240 yards.
Wagner and Gray Eagle, I shall not here refer to more at large, leaving their pedigrees and descriptions to be noted here- after, as I have those of Eclipse and Henry, Ariel and Flirtilla, Black Maria, and the other animals whose performances and great races I have judged it desirable to record at length, from the accounts of the best and most brilliant contemporary au- thorities.
Peytona — by imp. Glencoe, dam Giantess by imp. Leviathan, g. dam by Sir Archy, g. g. dam Virginia by Dare Devil, g. g. g. dam Lady Bolingbroke by imp. Pantaloon, g. g. g. g. dam Cades by Wormley's King Herod, g. g. g. g. g. dam Primrose by Dove, g. g. g. g. g. g. dam Stella by Othello, g. g. g. g. g. g. g. dam Tasker's Selima by the Godolphin Arabian.
She was an enormous dark- red chestnut mare, standing full sixteen hands and three inches in height ; she was deep made in her heart-place, and had powerful, long-let-down hocks ; her barrel was so large that standing directly in front of her — Por- ter says — one could see her ribs on either side. Her stride was enormous, said to cover twenty-seven feet.
PEYTON A AND FASHION. 165
She certainly made good running on several occasions, and was a good winner ; and a most successful animal to her owners, for whom she had won upward of $i2,000 before her match with Fashion, by which she netted them $10,000 more.
She had previously beaten Blue Dick with some ease, who was any thing but a contemptible adversary ; and she won, in her match with Fashion, laurels which, like those of Bascombe, whom I last considered, were for a moment thought to be peren- nial, though they were soon faded, and trailed comparatively in the dust. The two heats were done in 7.39 3-4, 7.45 1-4. " Her immense stride and strength," says Porter, in one of his telling descriptions of a race, which no man who wields a pen can de- scribe as he can, when he is in the vein — " and her ' nice ideal of perpetual motion ' did the business. It is a matter of doubt with some, wliether Fashion ever saw the day when she couid beat Peytona. Certainly Peytona not only outfooted her but outlasted her. In our opinion condition won the race. It is very remarkable that after so fast a first heat, there should have been so little falling oif as five seconds in the second heat."
I saw this race myself, and I unquestionably was not one of those who doubted whether Fashion ever saw the day, &c. — so far from it that I stood my small stake, very confidently, on the return match at Camden a fortnight later, when on that far heavier and slower course Fashion — who had been kept con- stantly at hard work, never missing a gallop since the day of her defeat, while her conqueress, if one may coin a word for the occasion, had sufiered so severely by victory that she had hardly been able to take one — fairly reversed the tables, and won, in two heats, without ever being put to her speed, in 7.48, 7.57. Tliere is no doubt, Fashion's rider having, by order, pulled her up, and passed the winning-post at a hand gallop, that, if he had chosen, he could have distanced Peytona.
After this race she was withdrawn from the turf, a fine animal, and a good and honest mare, able to go the pace and stay the distance ; but, it must out — "Impar congressus Achilli."
Blue Dick by imported Margrave, dam by Lance, &c., a blue roan horse, and a fair good one, though not what one could fairly call a successful horse or a good winner — for he was continually over-matched. With Eegister of his own years, it was a tongh
166 THE H0E8E.
match, though Dick was the better horse. "With such an ani- mal as Peytona, he was clearly and indisputably over-matched, and with Fashion, he had not a show for it. But racers such as Fashion and her immortal rival Boston, are not met with every day ; and it might even be said of those who ran against them,
Contendisse juvat,
or, in other words, as a distinguished Statesman is reported to have said, " it is honor enough to have run a bad second to Andrew Jackson ! " And so it would have been, if one had ever run a bad second ! One cannot, however, help thinking, in that contingency of Horace's '"'' Hon Jovi quicquid simile aut secun- dum,^''— and so one may say, without much fear of contradiction, at the present day, even although their time has been beaten hollow, with infinitely reduced weights, and over an immeasur- ably faster track.
Could such a thing be possible as to recall the days that are fled, and to put Fashion, Boston, Lecomte, Lexington, and Pryor, if you please, all on the Union course together, in the heyday of their blood, and their most blooming condition, at any age from three years old to aged, with northern weight for age ; I, for one, would be willing to risk my shot, in the first place, upon old Whitenose, and the Jersey mare ; and, in the next place, against any such time, as that made over the ^t^Tew Orleans courses.
During this same period, there were other horses almost in- numerable, worthy of mention, among whom it will not be in- vidious to name Duane, better perhaps than some, whom I have mentioned ; Argyle, and the mares. Miss Foote, Trifle, Gipsey, and the famous Keel, by imported Glencoe, her dam imported Gallopade by Catton, herself doubly famous as a distinguished winner in her own person, and as the dam of the cracks j^a/* excellence of the day.
During the period I have here specified, occurred all the great and time-honored races of America, with the exception of two or three recent events, which are to be ascribed to a differ- ent strain of blood, to a new school of breeding, whether for better or worse, in the long run, perhaps it yet remains to be Been, and of which I shall speak, in their place hereafter.
THE FOUR GREAT RACES. 167
Those gi'eat races, wliicli I esteem as worthy of immortalitj as ev^er was the match of Hambletonian and Diamond, or any- other match race, if there ever were any other, of yet greater fame, are those of American EcHpse and Henry; of Ariel, daughter of Eclipse, and Flirtilla ; of Black Maria, and the three mares, known as the twenty-mile race ; of Wagner and Gray Eagle, at the Oakland course, Louisville ; and of Boston and Fashion, on the Union course. Long Island.
Those, as the old Marshal Trivulciano said, who had fought in thirty-six pitched battles, yet had never seen a stricken field until he fought at Marignano, those were combats of giants, all the rest were child's play.
Of those, the great events, of the great turf campaigns of this country, I have been so fortunate as to procure accurate de- scriptions by the pens of eye-witnesses, who will, by all true turfmen be admitted, the most competent to form accurate opinions and draw sound conclusions on all matters concerning this nobler sport than the Olympic games of old, and whose pen paintings of such scenes have, long ago, been pronounced first and best by mouths of wisest censure.
The first of these, the great race of Eclipse and Henry, the time of which was so long the hest, so long believed to be not only unapproached, but unapproachable — together with the memoirs, pedigrees, performances, and description of the rival racers, is from the pen of one, whom it is enough to name, " The Old Turfman," Cadwalader E,. Golden, Esq., indisputably the best authority of his day, in this or, perhaps, in any other country, on all matters connected with the horse of pure blood. From the same distinguished source is the memoir and pedi- gree of Ariel, the list of her performances, and her almost un- equalled race with Flirtilla.
The twenty-mile race of Black Maria, with her memoir and performances, selected from the columns of the Spirit of the Times, is understood to be from the pen of the brother of her late distinguished owner — that celebrated breeder, promoter and benefactor of the agricultural interests of this continent, the late Mr. Charles Henry Hall, to whose family I take this op- portunity of recording my manifold obligations, and of return- ing my most sincere thanks, for the facilities afibrded to me of
168 THE HOKSE.
books, MS. documents and pictures, without which tliis work would liave fallen, indeed, far short of the present short-comings of the author.
The races of Wagner and Gray Eagle, taken from the pages of the American Turf Register and Sporting Magazine, are by the pen — perhaps, are the chef cfceuvre of the pen — of ray esteemed friend William T. Porter, I well remember, at the time, when this brilliant and graphic narrative and picture of events made its aj)pearance, the general admiration Avith which it was hailed. By the editor of that well known and world-re- nowned journal, " Bell's Life in London," it was immediately pronounced the perfection of tu r f- writing, combining the abso- lute of strong horse-language and imagery, with tlie entire ab- sence of slang. If, critically speaking, I possess any judgment in regard to style and the artificial in composition, I should pro- nounce the Wagner and Gray Eagle contest, to be the best description of a race ever penned in any country, or in any language. It seems to me to be ne j^lus ultra.
The Fashion and Boston match on the Union course, from the columns of the Spirit of the Times, is from the same hand also ; and the same clear narrative, quick observation and ac- curate decision are discernible in every line.
This great event, and grand struggle — in which the Northern stables renewed the laurels, which they had won in the conquest of the Southern champion Henry by the Great Eclipse ; and doubly renewed them, by outdoing that hitherto unequalled feat — brings me almost to the close of the period, which I have determined on as the palmy days of American racing ; brings me completely to the decadence and downfall of the turf in the Northern States.
For what reasons it fell, it would not be easy to state. Per- haps, this would not be, for some reasons, the place in which tc ' state it, if it were so.
It is sufficient that, at the same moment, or nearly so, all the most liberal and energetic patrons of the turf withdrew from it their support, closed their stables, disposed of their studs, and ceased, vastly to the loss of the agricultural community, and of the country at large, to breed, to keep, or to import blood stock.
At the same time an unthinking, senseless, declamatory spirit of fanaticism, denouncing the breeding of blood stock and
LEXINGTON, LECOMTE AND PRYOE. 169
racing, as the worst, most dangerous, and most destructive sort of gambling, ran tlirongh the community, and took possession even of the legislatures.
Eacing courses were put down and proscribed ; while trot- ting courses, at which — on the most moderate computation — the opportunities for fraud are ten times greater, and fraud is fifty- times more generally practised, than on any race-course, ob- tained a fixed position and a stand.
Gentlemen, and persons of means and education generally, have totally withdrawn, in the Northern States, from the habit of breeding, keeping, riding or driving fast horses, or patronizing races at all, except as a mere spectacle to be visited as a theatre, or a field day; and every thing connected with the Northern turf has fallen into the hands of professional persons, of greater or less respectability — some doubtless of the highest, some of the most questionable — who practise it, of course, professionally as a matter of emolument.
A fine new race-course has lately been established on Long Island, and a new jockey club has been set on foot, but it does not appear, hitherto, that the right persons have taken hold of it ; although it is said that a reaction is even now in progress, and that there are hopes that we may once more see Northern sta- bles in operation, strings of thoroughbreds in their cosy body clothes, with natty lads on their backs, and in a word. Long Isl- and, itself again.
In the mean time, the South has not only been holding her own, but surpassing the North, and herself again, in the point of time, astonishing the world, and now challenging Mother Eng- land's Derby and Leger winners, on their own turf.
First we had Henry Perrit's — an undeniable runner at short distances — unequalled, mile heats. Next Lecomte beating Lex- ington many seconds under the time of Fashion's best race — then Lexington beating Lecomte's best time, by almost as many seconds more — and lastly beating Lecomte himself, in worse time than he had himself made before, because his adversary could not drive him to make better.
Then in conclusion, we liave Br. Dick making the best time ever yet accomplislied, at three-mile heats ; and then we have the two, Lecomte and Pryor, with a semi-dark mare Prioress,
170 THE HOKSE.
about wliom little is certainly known beyond lier own stables, going abroad — ^hopeless of finding matches at home — to take a rise out of the English cracks, calculating of course on the im- mense allowances, w^hich will not fiill short, under some contin- gencies, of l-i pounds advantage given to foreign bred and untried horses.
Many persons believe now, of these horses, as they did of Peytona, that nothing that ever was in the North ever saw the day when it could beat these horses ; and that nothing in Eng- land ever will see that day.
I am not one of those persons.
The end is not yet, and fast time or slow time, I do not be- lieve altogether in light weights and fast courses ; but, I do be- lieve, all things fully weighed and considered, with no preju- dice or favor for Northern or Southern stables, that Boston is out and out the best race-horse of any age, sex or condition, that has yet run upon American plates, and that Fashion is the best mare.
That the American horses will win in England, at the extra- ordinary advantages, which they will receive, I think probable ; and not much to brag of, if they do. One may handicap Eclipse so that a jackass will beat him, and 28 lbs. is a difference, with a vengeance, on a horse's back.
The clever accounts subjoined of the most recent races, are from the New Orleans Picayune, but quoted from the Spiri/ of the Times.
EDITORIAL NOTES.
* (P. 159.) No English Stud-Book was published until at least half a century after these horses flourished. It does not follow because the dams of some of them are not given that they were not of pure blood.
•|- (P. 159.) The Large Hartley mare had a filly by the Godolphin Arabian, foaled in 1746, which corresponds to Selima. That filly does not appear afterwards in a English Stud-Book as the brood mare. Selima was, beyond doubt, the filly.
X (P. 159.) A certificate of Col. Tayloe, dated 1773, makes Jenny Cameron by Cuddy (son of Fox) out of Mr. Witty's famous mare Cabbagewise. In another place in the American Turf Register she is said to be by a son of Fox, out of Miss Bel- voir by Grey Grantham ; neither can be substantiated in the English Stud-Book.
§ (P. 160.) The English Racing Calendar commenced in 1751, and has been continued to the present period. Matchem was foaled in 1748. Marske in 1756. Eclipse in 1764. The performances of these horses are all to be found in the Racing Calendar, and are just as reliable as any other period of the English turf.
MEMOm
OF SIR ARCHY.
This justly celebrated horse, wliose portrait, from a painting, ■which we have been assured is a striking likeness, ornaments the present memoir, was foaled in the spring of 1805, on James river, in Virginia, and was bred by Col. Archibald Randolph and Col. John Tayloe, as their joint property.
Sir Archy is of rich bay color, having no white about him except on his right hind foot. He is a horse of commanding size, fully sixteen hands high, with great power and substance. He is eminently superior in all those points indispensable to the turf horse and mainly contributory to strength and action. His shoulder, the most material part of the horse, is strikingly distinguished, being very deep, fairly mounting np to the top of the withers, and obliquely inclined to the hips. His girth is full and deep, back short and strong, thighs and arms long and muscular, his bone good. His front appearance is fine and commanding — his head and neck are well formed, the latter rising well out of his withers. Take Sir Archy upon the whole, and he has more size, power and substance than we often see combined in the full bred horse. As a racer he was considered very superior. He did not run many races, but beat all the best horses of his day ; among them were Wrangler, Tom Tough, Palafox, Minerva, Katray, Gallatin, and also Gen. Car- ney's celebrated racer Blank, by Citizen. When Sir Archy quitted the turf, he had no equal in this country, as will be seen in the following extract of a letter from Col. W. R. Johnson — " I have only to say that, in my opinion, Sir Archy is the best
172 THE nOESE.
horse 1 ever saw, and I well know tliat I never had any tiling to do with one that was at all his equal ; and this I will back ; for, if any horse in the world Avill run against him at any half- way ground, four-mile heats, according to the rules of racing, you may consider me $5000 with you on him. He was in good condition this fall — 1809 — and has not run with any horse that could put him to half speed towards the end of the race.
" Yours, TV. R. Jounson.""
Sir Archy was got by the imported horse Diomed, liis dam the imported mare Castianira — she was got by Eockingham, out of Tabitha, by Trentham ; her dam — Tabitha's — out of the dam of Pegasus. Virle Genealogical Tahles, ISTos. I. and II.
Eockingham, the best son of Highiiyer, and he the best son of old King Herod. The dam of Eockingham, Purity, by Matchem, out of the famous old Squirt mare.
Trentham, a horse of great power and celebrity of his day, was by Sweepstakes, out of a South mare.
Diomed — the sire of Sir Archy — was got by Florizel, one of the best sons of old KJng Herod ; his dam — Diomed's — by Spec- tator; his grandam by Blank, Flying Childers, Miss Belvoir, by Gray Grantham, Paget Turk, Betty Percival, by Leeds Arabian.
Diomed was one of the best racers on the English turf ; and was unquestionably the finest formed horse ever imported into this country ; and as a foal getter, he has had no equal except in his son. Diomed had the rare faculty of getting colts of size and form from almost all the mares that he covered, and he ■more ge?ierally got racers than any other stallion that had pre- ceded him ; and as to the celebrity of his colts, as first-rate racers, they have far eclij)sed those of any other horse's get, ex- cept those of Sir Archy. What stallion, then, so worthy to be the sire of Sir Archy as Diomed ? Yet a report has been in circulation a dozen years or more, calculated to rob Diomed of this honor, and to confer it on another stallion called Gabriel, sire of Postboy, Harlequin and Oscar.
Tliis report first originated among grooms, who, of all others, are best calculated to give currency to reports without foundation. Col. Tayloe, who jointly with Col. Eandolph, bred
GET OF SIK AECHT. 173
Sir Arcliy, confidently avers the fact that Diomed was the sire of Sir Archy.*
In the spring of 1804, the season that Sir Archy was got, old Diomed stood at Col. Selden's below Richmond. Mr. Sel- den, his son, who is now living, saw Castianira — the dam of Archy — covered on the same day by Diomed, that he got Wrangler. This declaration of Mr. Selden puts the question beyond all doubt. But if we were to reason on other circum- stances, I should reject Gabriel as the sire of Sir Archy. Ga- briel's stock were not large, but only common size ; hence the improbability of his being the sire of so large a horse as Sir Archy. Whereas, Diomed's stock were generally of good size, and Sir Archy bears a strong resemblance to the Rockingham and Herod stock ; of which blood he possessed a large share, not only through Rockingham, but also through Florizel, the sire of Diomed.
Sir Archy may justly be allowed to be one of the best bred horses this country or England has ever produced, fie was not only a distinguished racer, but, as a stallion, he stands upon higher ground than any other horse that has covered in Amer- ica, and may rank with the best stallions in England.
He has done as much for the turf stock of this country as the Godolphin Arabian, King Herod, or Highflyer, for that of Great Britain. Most of the best stock at present in this coun- try are either immediately from the loins of Sir Archy, or have been produced from his sons and daughters. Sir Archy covei'ed at $50 the season until within a few years, when his price was raised to $75 the season, and $100 insurance ; at which price he now covers in ISTorth Carolina.
A list of his most distinguished get is here added, but it is far from being complete.
|
Timoleon, |
Eoanoke, |
|
Reality, |
Janus, 1 Bred by the Hoi Mark Antony, ' John Randolph. Rinaldo, |
|
Vanity, |
|
|
Lawrence, |
|
|
Director, |
Stockholder, |
|
Virginian, |
Bertrand, |
|
Carolinian, |
Pacific, |
* Vide his letter to J. S. Skinner, Esq., in Am. Farmer, vol. 9, p. 143.
174
|
THE HORSE. |
|||
|
Eatler, |
Cherokee, |
||
|
Cliilders, |
Arab, ^ |
||
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Sumter, |
Coquette, |
■• V.V |
|
|
Flirtilla, |
Jeannett, |
x>r |
|
|
Sir Charles, |
Tariff; |
||
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Janette, |
Gohanna, |
||
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Napoleon, |
Phillis, |
||
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Full sister to Napoleon, |
Creeping Kate, |
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Eeap Hook, |
Robert Adair, |
||
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Contention, |
Lady Burton, |
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Lady Lightfoot, |
Fantail, |
||
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Sir Henry- |
Giles Scroggins, |
||
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Sir WiUiam, |
Sir Arthur, |
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Muckle John, |
Pirate, |
||
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Marion, |
Lady La Grange, |
||
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Tecumseh, |
Earity, |
||
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Saxe "Weimar, |
Kosciusko, |
||
|
Kate Kearney, |
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And many others not recollected. |
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|
rican Turf Registe |
r, vol. i., |
1829. |
Bred by Mr. Brodnax.
Tours, &c.
MEMOIR
DIOMED, SIRE OF SIR ARCHY AND DUROC— AND GRAY DIOMED, SIRE OF DUROC'S DAM, AMANDA.
"Washington, October^ 1829.
As connected with the memoir of Duroc, a notice of Diomed, his sire, and of Gray Diomed, the sire of his dam, Amanda, may not be unacceptable.
Diomed, by Florizel ; dam by Spectator — see General Stud Book, page 193 — was a very distinguished racer in England, the first winner of the Derby ; and as a stallion, although placed in competition with Highflyer, Sir Peter Teazel, Rock- ingham, Pegasus, &c., was no less celebrated. His progeny in England were,
Tortoise, . . . foaled 1786
David, 1790
Hermione, .... 1780
Fanny, 1790
B. c. out of Carina, . . 1790 Hackabout, . . . .1791 F. out of Active, . . 1790 Ch. c. out of Sir Peter's sister, 1794 Whiskey, . . . .1789 Little Pickle, . . . 1790 Champion, . . . ) 1790 Hero, ....>• 1792 Sister to Champion and Hero, ) 1793 Michael, .... 1790
C. out of Crane, . . . 1793 B. f ■ out of Danae, . . 1788 Ch. f. Desdemona (see General
Stud Book, page 274), . 1788
Rosabella's dam, , . . 1793 Speculator, . , . 1794
Dam of Whiskey (See General
Stud Book, page 275), . 1785
Gray Diomed, one of the most " celebrated horses that ever ran in England ; afterwards ran with such success in Rus- sia, that several of his stock were sent for from that em- pire.
Ch. f. sister to Gray Diomed,
Ch. c. brother to Gray Dio- med, ....
Robin Grey,
Cedar, ....
Greyhound,
Poplar, ....
B. c. out of Dax,
Monkey,
Montezuma,
Quetlavaca, ....
Guatimozin,
Ch. f. sister to do. .
Ch. c. out of Grenadier's dam,
Ch, f. out of Isabel, .
1788
1789 1790 1793 1794 1795 1791
foaled 1786
. 1788
. ( 1788
( 1790
1791
1793
176
THE HORSE.
C. out of Fleacatcher, foaled"] 1790 Brother to Amazon, foaled) 1789
Sister to do. . I 1787 Amazon, . . . . > 1792
Sir Charles, brother to do. f 1790 Sister to do. . . . ) 1793
Wrangler, do. J 1791 B. f. out of Cheesecake, . 1791
Brother to Butterfly, . . 1794 Ch. f. out of Mrs. Siddons, . 1792
Giantess, . . . W790 Brother to Venture, . . 1794
Young Giantess, . . [-1790 Ch. f. out of Mopsqueeser, . 1790
Pamela, . . . . ) 1791 Young Noisette, . . 1789
Tom, 1790 B. c. out of Rosaletta, . . 1790
Anthony, . . . ) 1789 Aramanthe, . . . 1788
Sister to do, . . . \ 1790 Valiant, . . . . ) 1785
Glaucus, ... J 1786 Victor, . . . . [ 1786
Lais, . . . . y 1787 Brother to do. , . N 1787
Brother to do. . . ) 1789 B. f. out of Temperance, . 1788
Foreigner, . . . . i 1790 Laurentina, .... 1794 Sister to do. (Snug's dam) ] 1793 B. c. out of Tulip, . . 1794
At twenty-two years old, Diomed was imported into Vir- ginia by the late Col. John Hoomes, of the Bowling Green. The most distinguished of his get in Virginia — I write from memory, and if wrong, ask for correction — were.
Sir Archy, dam by Eockingham, bred by Col. Tayloe, after- wards owned and run by "W. R. Johnson, Esq.* foaled 1805
Florizel, dam by Shark — in 1S05, beat Peace Makei', the celebrated matcli, four-mile heats — Major Ball, . 1802
Potomac, ran and won at Petersburg, two miles in 3m. 43s. ; the quickest race to this day in America — Mr. Wilkes, 1801
Peace Maker, bred by Col. Hoomes, afterwards owned and run by Col. Tayloe, 1801
Top Gallant, dam by Shark — Mr. Clayton ; after- wards owned and run by Col. Tayloe, .... 1801
Hamlintoniau, dam by Shark — Mr. Hamlin ; after- wards owned and run by Col. Tayloe, .... 1801
Vingtun, dam by Clockfast— sold in 1803 for $2750— Gen. Wade Hampton and Gov. Ed. Lloyd, . . . 1801
Stump the Dealer, dam by Clockfast — W. E. Johnson and Ealph Wormeley, Esq., 1801
Duroc, dam by Gray Diomed — Wade Mosby, Esq. — W. M. and Mr. Badffer 1806
* It has been stated, but I believe on no good ground, that the imported Gabriel bv Dornnaut — a very distinguished horse and sire of those excellent horses, Post Boy, Oscar and Earlequin — was also sire of Sir Archy.
GET OF DIOMED. 1T7
Hampton, dam by Gray Diomed — Gen. Hampton —
Mr. J. V. Bond, foaled 180G
Com. Truxton, — Gen. Andrew Jackson, . . 180G
The dam of Henry, 180G
And the dam of Eliza White, . . . . 1800
Gray Diomed, sire of Amanda, was by the imported Med- ley ; his dam by Sloe ; grandam by Yampire, &c. — was foaled. May, 1786. Of his races previous to 1793, when purchased of Mr. Richard Brooke by Col. Tayloe for $800, 1 am not informed. In August, 1793, he won a match, 4 miles, beating Mr. Page's famous Isabella at the Bowling Green. In October, he won there a jockey club purse. In November he won a jockey club purse at Petersburg. In September, 179-4, he Avon tlie jockey club purse, four-mile heats, at the Bowling Green. In October he won the jockey club purse, four-mile heats, at Chestertown, Md., beating Gen. Pidgely's famous Cincinnatus, then four years old. During the same month he won the jockey club purse at Annapolis, beating Cincinnatus, the equally famed Virginia Nell, Nantoaki, and others — on which occasion there were two striking evidences of bottom ; through mistake, after winning the heat, another mile was run, terminating in a dead heat, between him and Cincinnatus. In the next heat, soon after starting, in endeavoring to pass on the inner side, he cut within the pole, had to return, and barely saved his distance ; running the whole heat at his utmost speed ; yet was winner of the race. In December, when winning at Alexandria, lie fell over a dog, by which accident he lost the race. He started but once more, for a' sweepstakes at Leeds, against Mr. Wash- ington's horse, and Mr. Butler's mare, but being lame he lost, beating the latter. Sold by Col. Tayloe in 1798 to Mr. J. Blick for $2200.— America?i Turf Begister, vol. i., 1829.
Vol. I.— 12
MEMOIE
OF AMERICAN ECLIPSE.
The portrait, accompanying this memoir, of the celebrated racer, " American Eclipse," was engraved by Messrs. Capewell and Kimmell, of this city, from the original j)ainting, made by Mr. Fisher, of Boston, for the late Charles Henry Hall, Esq., of New York, and is acknowledged by all good judges to be an excellent likeness. This horse is now fifteen years old, chestnut, with a star, and the near hind foot white ; is fifteen hands one inch high, and possesses a large share of bone and mnscle. Eclipse was foaled at Dosoris, Queens county. Long Island,- on the 25th May, 1814, and was reai-ed by the late Gen. Nathaniel Coles, the breeder, in whose possession he remained till the IStli March, 1819, when he became the property of Mr. Yan Ranst. His sire was Duroc ; his dam. Miller's Damsel, by Messenger ; his grandam the English PotSos mare, imported at three years old, in 1795, by William Constable, Esq., of New York. PotSos sired by the celebrated English Eclipse ; his great grandam by Gimcrack ; Gimcrack by Cripple ; and Crip- ple by the Godolphin Arabian.
•From a memorandum in the handwriting of Gen. Nathaniel Coles, the breeder, it appears that he was reared in the follow- ing manner. The colt was weaned on the 10th of November. At the commencement of winter, fed with four quarts of shorts, which was increased during the winter to eight quarts per day ; hay, clover dampened.
Second year, in the spring, turned to grass with no grain. November 10th, put up — fed with eight quarts shorts per day ; during winter, shorts increased to ten quarts — hay, the same as first winter.
Third year, turned to grass, with four quarts shorts per day. September 1st, commenced breaking — feed, eight quarts oats — ■
AMERICAN ECLIPSE. 179
through the winter, hay as formerly — grain, ground corn and oats, equal to eleven quarts oats. March 1st, commenced and trained for nine weeks, then gave a trial of two miles, and found the colt very superior.
Fourth year, in summer turned to grass — fed with ground oats and corn, equal to nine quarts oats — in winter, hay as for- merly, Avith nine quarts oats per day, till the first March, 1818, when commenced training ; feed, oats and cracked corn, equal to twelve quarts oats.
Fifth year, late in May, 1818, ran the three-mile heats at Newmarket, on Long Island, and won the first day's purse with ease, beating Black-eyed Susan, and Sea Gull, then called the best three-mile horse of the day ; turned to grass first June, with about six quarts of oats a day ; in winter, fed with hay as before, with ground corn and oats. March 15th, 1819, sold Eclipse to Mr. Van Eanst.
At five months old, while a suckling, he gave his owner such a sample of stride, strength and speed, that he was at that time named " American Eclipse."
"While a colt he was not confined, but during the winter season turned out every fiiir day. He was first shod in the spring, when three years old.
In June, 1819, he won the Jockey Club's purse of $500, run- ning the four-mile heats over the Bath course, beating Mr. Purdy's horse, Little John, by the Virginia Potomac ; Mr. Bond's horse Eclipse, by First Consul ; and Mr. Potter's horse, James Fitz James, by Sir Archy.
In October, 1819, he again ran the four-mile heats at Bath, winning the purse of $500, beating Mr. Purdy's horse, Little John ; Mr. Schenck's horse, Fearnought ; and Mr. Bond's colt ; the two latter being withdrawn the second heat. The Bath course measured fifteen links over a mile ; the first heat of this race was run in eight minutes and thirteen seconds, and the second in eight minutes and eight seconds.
In the spring of 1820, Eclipse stood to mares on Long Island, at $12 50 the season. In the spring of 1821, he again covered as a common stallion, at $12 50 the season, and covered eighty- seven mares ; nor was it contemplated to bring him again upon .the tmf: but the leo;islature of the State of ]^ew York having:
180 THE HOESE.
new modelled tlie law respecting racing, and a society being re-organized specially for the improvement of onr breed ot horses, Mr. Yan Kanst was induced again to put Eclipse in training for the four-mile heats to be run over the New Union course, eight-miles from Brooklyn, and near the Jamaica Turn- pike, in October of that year.
From an opinion, long entertained by sportsmen, that cover- ing renders a horse unfit for the race, the friends of Eclipse questioned the policy of again running him ; but the event proved that, so far as he was concerned, the opinion was un- founded.
The races commenced the 15th of October, 1821, when four horses started for the purse of $500, to run the four-mile heats ; viz. American Eclipse ; Mr. Sleeper's brown mare. Lady Light- foot, by Sir Archy ; Mr. Schenck's horse. Flag of Truce, by Sir Solomon ; and Mr. Schomj)'s horse, Heart of Oak. The two last named horses were drawn after the first heat, and Lady Lightfoot was distanced in the second, being nine years old — she had run upwards of twenty races — some very severe ones ; and was out of order.
The bets at starting were two to one on the mare. The mare led until the last quarter of the first heat, when Eclipse passed her, coming in two lengths ahead. In the second heat Eclipse passed her in running the third mile, and from that time left her alone. The time was, first heat, eight minutes and four seconds ; the second heat, eight minutes and two seconds, and the course measured thirty feet over a mile.
In the following week. Eclipse was exhibited at the annual exhibition of the New York county Agricultural Society, and received the society's first premium, $50, for the best stallion.
In May, 1822, Eclipse won the purse of $700 for four-mile heats at the Union course, beating Mr. Badger's five-year-old horse. Sir Walter, by Hickory. A bet of considerable amount was made by the owners of the two horses on the first heat, which, with the second heat, was won by Eclipse. Time, first heat, seven minutes and fifty-four seconds ; second heat, eight minutes.
In October, 1822, he again ran the four-mile heats at the Union course, for tlie $1000 purse, which he won, beating a
AMERICAN ECLIPSE. l8l
second time, Mr. Badger's liorse, Sir Walter ; Mr. Sleeper's bay mare, Duchess of Marlborough, by Sir Archy ; and Mr. Jack- son's mare, Slow and Easy, by Duroc. The first heat was run in se^en minutes and fifty-eight seconds, when the two mares were withdrawn, and Sir Walter stopping short in the second heat. Eclipse came in at his leisure. A day or two previous to this race, a challenge appeared in the Kew York papers by Mr. James J. Harrison, of Brunswick, Ya., in wliicli he offered to " run Sir Charles against the American Eclipse, over the Washington course, four-mile heats, agreeably to the rules of the course, for five or ten thousand dollars." This challenge was promptly accepted by Mr. Yan Ranst, who, as two sums were named by Mr. Harrison, chose the greatest, that the object of the contest might correspond with the fame of the hoi'ses.
The forfeit money, $5000 each, having been deposited, the time for running was fixed for the 20tli of November. At the hour of starting, both horses were brought out and the riders mounted ; but instead of running agreeably to the challenge, Mr. Harrison gave notice that as his horse had met with an accident, he would pay the forfeit. He at the same time pro- posed to run a single four-mile heat, for $1500 each, which being instantly agreed to, the horses started. Eclipse taking the lead. On the last round, Sir Charles broke down. The two first rounds were run in one minute and fifty -five seconds each, and the heat in eight minutes and four seconds. In this race. Sir Charles carried 120 lbs., Eclipse 126 lbs.
In the evening of the same day, William K. Johnson, Esq., of Petersburg, Ya., offered to produce a horse, on the last Tues- day in May, 1823, to run the four-mile heats against Eclipse, over the Union course on Long Island, agreeably to the rules of that course, for $20,000 a side, $3000 forfeit.
This challenge was immediately accepted by Mr. John C. Stephens ; in consequence of which Col. Johnson, on the day mentioned, appeared on the race with a four-year-old chestnut colt, called Henry — John Richards, intended for the race, hav- ing been lamed — about fifteen hands one inch high, which had been bred by Mr. Lemuel Long, near Halifax, Korth Carolina. Henry was sired by Sir Archy ; his dam by Diomed ; her dam by Bell Air; hers by Pilgrim; hers by Janus; hers by Jolly
182 THE HORSE.
Roger ; liers by Yaliant — imported lioi'ses. About half-past 12 o'clock, both horses started. Eclipse was rode by "VYm. Crafts ; Henry by a young lad, Henry took the lead, and maintained it through the lieat. They came in together, Henry beating Eclipse by half a length, but apparently " hard in hand." — Bets on the second heat, three to one on Henry.
During the second heat. Eclipse was rode by Mr. Purdy. Henry again took the lead, and kept it until the last quarter of the third mile, when Purdy made a push, and Eclipse passed his rival at the commencement of the fourth mile. An attempt was made by Henry's rider to recover his ground, but in vain. He was beat by about thirty feet. Henry reined in on passing the distance pole, the loss of the heat being evident.
When the horses were brought out for the third heat, the great trainer, Arthur Taylor, mounted Henry, instead of the boy who rode him the two first heats. On starting. Eclipse took the lead, which he kept to the end of the race, coming in about three lengths ahead of Henry, both at their utmost speed — Henry in this heat having been reserved for the last quarter.
The time of running the three heats, as given by the judges, Gen. Ridgely, of Baltimore ; Captain Cox, of Washington ; and John Allen, Esq., of Philadelphia, was as follows :
First heat, 7 niin. 37^ sec. — second heat, 7 min. 49 sec. — third heat, 8 min. 24 sec.
Twelve miles in 23 minutes and 50^ seconds.
The weights carried were — Eclipse, 126 lbs. — Henry, 108. Weights, according to racing calculations, are so nicely regu- lated to correspond with age, that no advantage was given to Henry, as has been said ; on the contrary, according to the long established usage of weights on the Southern courses, now introduced at New York, Eclipse had an advantage of 8 lbs. — more than a distance — 7 lbs. = 240 yards.
On the day previous to the race, a number of gentlemen visited the course with a surveyor, and finding it thirty feet over a mile, reduced it as nearly to a mile as could conveniently be done, leaving it still eighteen inches over. It is said, how- ever, from the difference in the nature of the ground, to be four or five seconds quicker than the Tree Hill course.
Immediately after the race, Col. W. R. Johnson challenged
AMERICAN ECLIPSE, 183
J. C. Stevens, Esq., and the friends of Eclipse, to run Henry against Eclipse the ensuing fall, over the Washington course, for any sum from twenty to fifty thousand dollars — forfeit, ten thousand dollars. The challenge was declined, and the resolu- tion then announced has been adhered to, " never, on any con- sideration, to risk "the life and reputation of the noble animal, whose generous and almost incredible exertions, have gained for the north so signal a victory, and for himself, such well- earned and never-fading renown."
Eclipse was accordingly withdrawn from the turf and put to covering. He stood one season, at Boydton, in Yirginia, at $75, and $100 to insure — and one or two short seasons at Baltimore, at $50 — and since then, we believe, in New York, Kentucky, and elsewhere.*
THE GEEAT MATCH RACE BETWEEN" ECLIPSE AND HEXRY.
DESCRIBED BT AN OLD TURFMAN, C. E. GOLDEN, ESQ. From the Am. Sporting Magazine, Vol. ii., No. 1, p. 3.
New Yoke, July 3, 1830. Mk. Edito r ;
As I luwe never seen in print a full, correct, and impartia. account of the following great race, and having, at the time, committed my observations to paper, I now transmit them. As many of your readers may not have witnessed this far-famed performance, to such this relation may be interesting ; should you, therefore, deem it worth a place in your entertaining pub- lication, you are at liberty to insert it.
Great Match Race between American Eclipse and Henry, over the Union Course, Long Island, 3Iay Ttth, 1823. Heats four miles, for $20,000. The Southern gentlemen to he alloived to name their horse at the starting post.
Doubts were entertained, by some of the Xew York sports- men, to the last moment, whether this great match would be contested by the Virginia gentlemen. They, it was perfectly understood, had left Yirginia, with five horses, selected from the best racers which ISTorth Carolina and Virginia could boast
* Eclipse died on the 11th day of July, 1847, on the farm of Jilson Yates, Esq., near Shelbyville, Ky., aged thirty-three years and forty-six days.— Ed.
184 THE HORSK.
of, and proceeded to the estate of Mr. Bela Badger, adjacent to Bristol, in Pennsylvania, distant from the Union course, ahout ninety miles, where, having a fine course upon which to exer- cise and try their horses, they had made a halt.
The horses selected for this great occasion, as also to contend for the three purse races to be run for, on the three days subsequent to the match, heats of four, three, and two miles ; were Betsey Richards, five years old ; her full brother, John Richards, four years; Henry, four years; Flying Childers, five years; all by Sir Archy ; and Washington, four years old, by Timoleon, a son of Sir Arch3\ With one of the three first named, it was the intention of Mr. William R. Johnson to run the match. Of these, at the time he left home, John Richards was his favorite; his next choice was Henry, and thirdly, the mare; although some of the Southern gentlemen — and amongst others General Wynn — gave their opinion in favor of running the mare, fearing lest Henry might get frightened by so large a crowd of people and swerve from the track.
Unfortunately for the Yirginians, their favorite, John Rich- ards, in a trial race, while at Mr. Badger's, met with an accident, by receiving a cut in the heel or frog of one of his fore feet, which rendered it necessary to throw him out of train ; AVash- ington also fell amiss, and he and Richards were left behind at Mr. Badger's. With the other three the Southern sportsmen proceeded to the Union course, where they arrived five or six days previous to that fixed upon for the match.
The ill-fortune which befell the Yirginians, by laming their best horse in the onset, seemed to pursue them, for scarcely had they arrived at Long Island, and become fixed in their new quarters, when Mr. Johnson, the principal on their part, upon whose management =and attention their success in a great mea- sure depended, was seized with, indisposition, so sudden and violent, as to confine him not only to his room, but to his bed, which he was unable to leave on the day of the race. Thus the Southrons, deprived of their leader, whose skill and judg- ment, whether in the way of stable preparation, or generalship in the field, could be supplied by none other, had to face their opponents under circumstances thus far disadvantageous and discouraging. Notwithstanding these unexpected and untoward
DESCKIPTION OF SIK irENRT. 185
events, tliey met the coming contest manfully, having full and unimpaired confidence in their two remaining horses, Henry and Betsey Kichards, and backed their opinion to the moment of starting.
At length the rising snn gave promise that the eventful day would prove line and nnclouded. I Avas in the field at the peep of dawn, and observed that the Southern horse and mare, led by Harry Curtis in their walk, were both plated, treated alike, and both in readiness for the approaching contest. It was yet unknown to the Northern sportsmen which was to be their competitor.
The road from JSTew York to the course, a distance of eight miles, was covered by horsemen, and a triple line of carriages, in an unbroken chain, from the dawn of day until one o'clock, the appointed hour of starting. The stands on the ground, for the reception of spectators, were crowded to excess at an early hour, and the club house, and balcony extending along its whole front, was filled by ladies ; the whole track, or nearly so, for a mile distance in circuit, was lined on the inside by carriages and horsemen, and the throng of pedestrians surpassed all be- lief— not less than sixty thousand spectators were corrvputed to he in the field.
About half-past twelve o'clock Henry made his appearance on the course, as the champion of the South, and was soon con- fronted by his antagonist.
I shall now endeavor to give a brief description of these noted racers.
Henry is a dark sorrel, or chestnut color, with one hind foot wdiite, and a small star in the forehead ; his mane and tail about two shades lighter than that of his body ; he has been rep- resented as being fifteen hands and one inch high, but having taken his measure, his exact height is only fourteen hands three and a half inches. His form is compact, bordering upon what is termed pony-built, with a good shoulder, fine clean head, and all those points which constitute a fine forehand ; his barrel is strong, and well ribbed up towards the hip ; waist rather short ; chine bone strong, rising or arched a little over the loin, indicative of ability to carry weight ; sway short ; the loin full and strong ; haunches strong, and well let down ; hind quarters somewhat high, and sloping ofif from the coupling to the
186 THE H0E8E.
croup ; thighs full and muscular, without being fleshy ; hocks, or houghs, strong, wide, and pretty well let down ; legs remark- ably fine, with a full proportion of bone ; back sinew, or Achilles tendon, large, and well detached from the canon bone ; stands firm, clear, and even, moves remarkably well, with his feet in line ; i30ssesses great action and muscular power, and although rather under size, the exquisite symmetry of his form indicates uncommon strength and hardihood. He was bred by Mr. Le- muel Long, near Halifax, in the State of North Carolina, and foaled on the 17th day of June, 1819. He was got by Sir Archy, son of imported chestnut Diomed, his dam by Diomed, grandam by Bel-Air, g. g, dam by Pilgrim, g. g. g. dam by Janus, g. g. g. g. dam by Jolly Roger, g. g. g. g. g. dam by Valiant; which four last named are imported horses, and are to be found in the English Stud-Book.
Eclipse is a dark* sorrel horse, with a star, the near hind foot white, said to be fifteen hands three inches in height, but in fact measures, by the standard, only fifteen hands and two inches. He possesses great power and substance, being well spread and full made throughout his whole frame, his general mould being much heavier than what is commonly met with in the thoroughbred blood-horse ; he is, however, right in the cardinal points, very deep in the girth, with a good length of waist ; loin wide and strong ; shoulder by no means fine, being somewhat thick and heavy, yet strong and deep ; breast wide, and ap]3arently too full, and too much spread for a horse of great speed ; arms long, strong, and muscular ; head by no means fine ; neck somewhat defective, the junction with the head having an awkward appearance, and too fleshy, and bagging too much upon the underside near the throttle ; his fore legs, from the knee downwards, are short and strong, with a large share of bone and sinew ; upon the whole his forehand is too heavy. To counterbalance this, his hind quarters are as near perfection as it is possible to imagine. From the hooks, or hip bone, to the extremity of the hind quarter, including the whole sweep from the hip to the hough, he has not an equal ; with long and full muscular thighs, let down almost to the houghs, which are
* We should not call him a dark chestnut
PEDIGEEE OF ECLIPSE. 187
also particularly long, and well let down upon the cannon bone ; legs short, with large bone and strong tendon, well detached, ujjon which he stands clear and even. Although his form throughout denotes uncommon strength, yet to the extraordi- nary line construction of his hind quarters, I conceive him indebted for his great racing powers, continuance, and ability, equal to any weight. I have closely observed him in his gal- lops ; if he have a fault, it is that of falling a little too heavy on his fore feet, and dwelling a little too long on the ground ; but then the style and regularity witli which he brings up his haunches, and throws his gaskins forward, overbalance other defects.
He was sired by Duroc, a Virginia horse, bred by Wade Moseby, Esq., and got by imported chestnut Diomed, out of Amanda, by Gray Diomed, a son of old Medley. His — Eclipse's ' — dam was the noted gray mare Miller's Damsel, got by imported Messenger. His grandam, an English mare, imported when three years old, in 1795, by William Constable, Esq., of New York, bred by Lord Grosvenor, and sired by PotSos, son of English Eclipse. His g. g. dam by Gimcrack, Gimcrack by Cripple, and Cripple by the Godolphin Arabian. He was bred by General IN^athaniel Coles, of Queens County, Long Island, and foaled on the 25th of May, 1814.
All horses date their age from the 1st of January. Tlius a horse foaled any time in the year 1819, would be considered four years old on the 1st day of January, 1823. Consequently, Henry, although not four years old complete until the 17th day of June, had, on the 27th of May, to carry the regulated weight — agreeably to the then rules of the course — for a four-year-old, viz. 108 lbs. Eclipse, being nine years old, carried weight for an aged horse, 126 lbs.
At length the appointed hour arrived, the word was given to saddle, and immediately afterward to mount. Eclipse was rid- den by William Crafts, dressed in a crimson jacket and cap, and Henry by a Virginia boy, of the name of John Walden, dressed in a sky-blue jacket, with cap of same color. The custom on the Union Course is to run to the left about, or with the left hand next to the poles ; Eclipse, by lot, had the left, or inside station at the start. Sir Henry took his ground about twenty-five feet wide of him, to the right, with the evident intention of nudving a run in a
188 THE HORSE.
Btraiglit line for the lead. The preconcerted signal was a single tap of the drum. All was now breathless anxiety ; the horses came lip evenly ; the eventful signal Avas heard, they went off hand- somely together ; Henry, apparently quickest, made play from the score, obtained the lead, and then took a hard pull. By the time they had gone the first quarter of a mile, which brought them round the first turn, to the commencement of what ia termed the back side of the course, which is a straight run, comprising the second quarter of a mile, he was full three lengths ahead ; this distance he with little variation maintained, running steadily, witli a hard pull, during the first, second, tliird, and for about three-fourths of the fourth round or mile ; the pace all this time a killing one. It may be proper to note, that the course is nearly an oval, of one mile, with tliis small variation, that the back and front are straight lines of about a quarter of a mile each, connected at each extremity by semicircles of also a quarter of a mile each. When the horses were going the last round, being myself well mounted, I took my station at tlie commencement of the stretch or last quarter, where I expected a violent exertion would be made at this last straight run in, when they left the straight part on the back of the course, and entered upon the last turn. Henry was, as heretofore, not less than three lengths in the clear ahead. They had not proceeded more than twenty rods upon the first part of the sweep, when Eclipse made play, and the spur and whip were both applied freely ; when they were at the extreme point or centre of the sweep, I observed the right hand of Crafts disengaged from his bridle, making free use of his whip ; when they had swept about three-fourths of the way round the turn, and had ad- vanced within twenty-five rods of my station, I clearly saw that Crafts was making every exertion with both spur and whip to get Eclipse forward, and scored him sorely, both before and behind the girths ; at this moment Eclipse threw his tail into the air, and flirted it up and down, after the manner of a tired horse, or one in distress and great pain ; and John Buckley, the jockey — and present trainer — who I kept stationed by my side, observed, " Eclipse is done." When they passed me about the commencement of the stretch, seventy to eighty rods from home, the space between them was about sixteen feet, or a full length
THE FIRST HEAT. 1S9
and a half in the clear. Here the rider of Henry turned his head round, and took a view for an instant of his adversary ; "Walden used neither whip nor spur ; but maintained a hard and steady ];>ull, under which his horse appeared accustomed to run. Crafts continued to make free use of the whip ; his right hand in so doing was necessarily disengaged from the bridle, his arm often raised high in air, his body thrown abroad, and his seat loose and unsteady ; not having strength to hold and gather his horse with one hand, and at the same time keep his proper position ; in order to acquire a greater purchase, he had thrown his body quite back to the cantle of the saddle, stuck his feet forward by way of bracing himself with the aid of the stirrups, and in this style he was belaboring his horse going in the last quarter. Buckley exclaimed — and well he might — " Good G — d, look at Billy." From this place to the winning post. Eclipse gained but a few feet, Henry coming in ahead about a length in the clear. The shortest time of this heat, as returned by the judges on the stand, was T min. 37^ sec. Many watches, and mine — which was held by a gentleman on the stand — among others, made it 7 min. 40 sec. ; and this time the Southern gentlemen reported — see Mr. Johnson's letter of the 28th of May, ad- dressed to Mr. Crawford, editor of the Yirginia Times.
I pushed immediately up to the winning post, in order to view the situation of the respective horses, after this very try- ing and severe heat ; for it was in fact running the whole four miles. Hem-y was less distressed than I expected to find him, Eclipse also bore it well, but of the two, he appeared the most jaded ; the injudicious manner in which he had been ridden, had certainly annoyed, and unnecessarily distressed him ; the cause of his throwing out his tail, and flirting it up and down, as already observed, was now apparent ; Crafts, in using his whip wildly, had struck him too far back, and had cut him not only upon his sheath, but had made a deep incision upon his testicles, and it was no doubt the violent pain occasioned thereby, that caused the noble animal to complain, and motion with his tail, indicative of the torture he suffered. The blood flowed profusely from one or both of these foul cuts, and trick- ling down the inside of his hind legs, appeared conspicuously
190 THE HORSE.
upon the white hind foot, and gave a more doleful appearance
to the discouraging scene of a lost heat.
The incapacity of Crafts to manage Eclipse — who required much urging, and at the same time to be pulled hard — was ap- parent to all ; he being a slender made lad, in body weight • about 100 lbs. only. A person interested in the event, seeing Buckley, who had ridden the horse on a former occasion, with me, requested that I would keep him within call, and ready to ride in case of an emergency. It was, however, soon settled, and announced, that Mr. Purdy would ride him the second heat, upon which long faces grew shorter, and Northern hope revived. — Six to four was, nevertheless, offered on the Southern horse, but no takers.
Second Heat. — The horses, after a lapse of 30 minutes, were called up for a second heat. I attentively viewed Eclipse while saddling, and was surprised to find that to appearance he had not only entirely recovered, but seemed full of mettle, lashing and reacliing out with his hind feet, anxious and impatient to renew the contest. Mr. Purdy having mounted his favorite, was per- fectly at home, and self-confident. The signal being again given, he went off rapidly from the start; Henry being now entitled to the inside, took the track, and kept the lead, followed closely by Eclipse, whom Mr. Purdy at once brought to his work, knowing that game and stoutness was his play, and his only chance of success, that of driving his speedy ad- versary, up to the top of his rate, without giving him the least respite. Henry went steadily on, nearly at the top of liis sj^eed, keeping a gap open between himself and Eclipse, of about twenty feet without much variation, for about two miles and seven eighths, or until towards the conclusion of the third mile they had arrived nearly opposite the four-mile distance post. Here Mr. Purdy made his run, and when they had ad- vanced forty rods further, which brought them to the end of the third mile, was close up, say nose and tail. They now entered upon the fourth and last mile, which commences with a turn or sweep the moment you leave the starting post. Here the crowd was immense ; I was at this moment on liorseback, stationed down the stretch or straight run, a short distance below the winning post, in company with a friend, and Buck-
THE SECOND HEAT. 191
lev, the jockey, who kept close to me during the whole race. We pushed out into the centre, or open space of the ground, in order to obtain a more distinct view of the struggle, which we saw making, for the lead ; every thing depended uj^on this effort of Purdy ; well he knew it ; his case was a desperate one, and required a desperate attempt ; it was to risk all, for all ; he did not hesitate. "When the horses had got about one third of the w^ay round the sweep, they had so far cleared the crowd as to afford us a distinct view of them a little before they reached the centre of the turn ; Eclipse had lapped Henry about head and girth, and appeared evidently in the act of passing. Here Buckley vociferated, See Eclipse ! look at Purdy ! Ijj heaven, on the inside ! I was all attention. Purdy was on the left hand or inside of Henry ; I felt alarmed for the consequence, satisfied that he had thus hazarded all ; I feared that AValden would take advantage of his position, and by reining in, force liim against or inside one of the poles. Wlien they had pro- ceeded a little more than half way round the sweep, the horses were a dead laj); when about three-fourths round. Eclipse's quarter covered Henry's head and neck ; and just as they had finished the bend, and were entering . upon the straight run, which extends along the back part of the course. Eclipse for the first time was fairly clear, and ahead. He now, with the help of the persuaders, which were freely bestowed, kept up his run, and continued gradually, though slowly, to gain during the remaining tliree quarters of a mile, and came in about two lengths ahead. As they passed up the stretch or last quarter of a mile, the shouting, clapping of hands, waving of handker- chiefs, long and loud applause sent forth by the Eclipse party, exceeded all description ; it seemed to roll along the track as the horses advanced, resembling the loud and reiterated shout of contending armies.
I have been thus particular in stating that Mr. Purdy made his pass on the inside, understanding that many gentlemen, and particularly Mr, Stevens, the principal in the match on the part of Eclipse — and for aught I know Mr. Purdy himself — insist that the go hj was given on the outside. After the heat was over, I found that my friend Mr. M. Buckley, and myself, were far from the only persons that had observed the mode in which
192 THE HOKSE.
Mr. Purely ran up and took the inside track from Lis adversary. The circumstance was in the mouths of Inindreds. In corrobo- ration of which, I will quote a passage from the Is^ew Yoi'k Evening Post, of May 28th, 1823, giving a description of this second lieat : — " Henry took the lead as in the first heat, until about two-thirds around on the third mile, when Purdy seized wdth a quickness and dexterity peculiar to himself, the favora- ble moment that pj-esented, when appearing to aim at the out- side, he might gain the inside, made a dash at him accordingly, and j}assed him on the leftP
Here, then, the observations of many, independent of my friend Mr. M, Buckley, or myself, added to the instantaneous and striking remark of B., which did not fail to rivet my pecu- liar attention, form a wonderful coincidence. Thus circum- stanced, and long conversant with turf matters, rules, and practices, and familiar with sights of this kind, it was impossible I could be mistaken. I was not mistaken, the honest belief of some gentlemen to the contrary notwithstanding.
Time, this second heat, 7 minutes, 49 seconds.
Third Heat. — It was now given out, that in place of the boy Walden, who had rode Henry the two preceding heals, that Arthur Taylor, a trainer of great experience, and long a rider, equalled by few, and surpassed by none, would ride him this last and decisive heat. At the expiration of thirty minutes the horses were once more summoned to the starting post, and Purdy and Taylor mounted ; the word being given, they went off at a quick rate ; Purdy now taking the lead, and pushing Eclipse from the score ; and indeed, the whole four miles, ap- plying the whip and spur incessantly ; evidently resolved to give Henry no respite, but to cause him, if determined to trail, to employ all his speed and strength, without keeping any thing in reserve for the run in. Henry continued to trail, apparently under a pull, never attempting to come up, until they had both fairly entered the straight run towards the termi- nation of the last mile, and had advanced within about sixty rods from home. Here Henry, being about five yards behind, made a dash, and ran up to Eclipse, so far as to cover his quarter or haunch with his head, and for a moment had the appearance of going past ; he made a severe struggle for about
THE SECOND CHALLENGE. 193
two hundred yards, when he again fell in the rear, and gave up the contest.
Thus terminated the most interesting race ever run in the United States. Besides the original stake of $20,000 each, it was judged that upwards of $200,000 changed hands.
In this last heat Henry carried 110 lbs., being two j)ounds over his proper weight ; it not being possible to bring Arthur Taylor to ride less, and although a small horse, and w^anting twenty days of being four years old, he made the greatest ran ever witnessed in America.
Time, this heat, 8 minutes, 24 seconds.
Thus the three heats, or twelve miles, were run in 23 min- utes, 50|- seconds, or an average of 7 minutes, 57 seconds each heat ; or 1 minute, 59 seconds per mile.
Notwithstanding this defeat, the Southern sportsmen contin- ued to be inspired with so much confidence in their horse, that they offered to renew the contest for a much larger amount, as appears by the following challenge and the answer thereto, which I give as connected with the event.
To John C. Stevens, Esq.
Long Island^ May 28, 1823.
Sir — I will run the horse Henry against the liorse Eclipse at Washington city, next fall, the day before the Jockey Club purse is run for, for any sum from twenty to fifty thousand dol- lars ; forfeit ten thousand dollars. The forfeit and stake to be deposited in the Branch Bank of the United States at Washing- ton, at any nameable time, to be appointed by you.
Although this is addressed to you individually, it is intended for all the betters on Eclipse, and if agreeable to you and them, you may have the liberty of substituting at the starting post, in the place of Eclipse, any horse, mare, or gelding, foaled and owned on the northern and eastern side of the JSTorth River, pro- vided, I have the liberty of substituting in the place of Henry, at the starting post, any horse, mare, or gelding, foaled and owned on the south side of the Potomac. As we propose run- ning at Washington city, the rules of that Jockey Club must govern of course.
I am respectfully, yours,
William R. Johnson. Vol. I.— 13
194: THE nOESE.
ANSWER.
Dear Sir — Tlie bet just decided was made under circum- stances of excitement, which might in some measure apologize for its rashness, but would scarcely justify it as an example; and I trust the part I took in it, will not be considered as a proof of my intention to become a patron of sjiorting on so ex- tensive a scale. For myself, then, I must decline the offer. For the gentlemen who with me backed Eclipse, their confidence in his superiority, I may safely say, is not in the least impaired. But even they do not hesitate to believe, that old age and hard service may one day accomplish, what strength and fleetness, directed by consummate skill, has hitherto failed to accom- plish.
For Mr. Van Kanst I answer, that he owes it to the associa- tion who have so confidently supported him, to the State at large, who have felt and expressed so much interest in his suc- cess, and to himself as a man, not totally divested of feeling, never, on any consideration, to risk the life or reputation of the noble animal, whose generous, and almost incredible exertions, have gained for the North so signal a victory, and for himself such well earned and never failing renown.
I remain, sir, your most obedient servant,
John C. Stevens. "Wm. R. Johnson, Esq.
As Mr. Yan Eanst, in a little work issued from the press, at his instance, entitled, " The History of American Eclipse," has touched upon the comparative powers of the English race- horses, of the past and present day, before I take leave of the subject, I propose, hereafter, to offer a few remarks in reply.
An Old Turfman.
PEDIGKEE
AND PERFOKMANCES OF ARIEL.
Fifty-seTen races— forty-two times a winner, and of seventeen four-mile heats — having run 345 miles — travelled near 3,000 — and won about ^25,000.
Of all the descendants of American Eclipse, none liave held, and held deservedly, a higher place than this noble mare. Her pedigree is undeniable ; her performances, in regard to stoutness more particularly, almost miraculous.
I well remember, long before mj arrival in this country, long, indeed, before I entertained any idea of making it my home, reading of her performances in the English newspapers, at a time when matters of local interest in America, seldom found a place in the European prints, and to be mentioned in them was, in itself, a proof of real celebrity.
She was a beautiful gray, about fifteen hands high, of good proportions, strong make, and, in action, said to have been strik- ingly handsome.
The following account is from the American Turf Register of Sept., 183i.
Ariel certainly ranks with the best race-horses of any age or clime. To adopt the language of a valued correspondent, " we doubt whether any horse of any 'region' ever did more good running, attended with such extensive and constant travel." From reference to English works and to our own pages, we find no account of any horse that has either run or won as many races. In her last campaign in " the race-horse region," she ran and won thirty-six miles in fifteen days : the first race, four-mile
196 THE HOKSE.
lieats at Norfolk, beating horses of liigli reputation, and winning the second heat in Tm. 43s. ; the next a race of three-mile heats, at Broad Kock, where at four heats, the last in 5m. 47s., she beat the " crack nags " of Virginia ; and the third, another race of four-mile heats, severely contested, again won in four heats, and in extraordinary time. On the eighth day thereafter she was beaten, the four-mile heats, by a very superior three-year- old ; an excellent race ; yet, in the two consecutive weeks, im- mediately succeeding, she won two more races.
The English "patriarchs" Childers, Eclipse, and Highflyer, j)robably had more speed ; and our Timoleon,* Gallatin, Sally "Walker, and Henry, have run one, two, three, and four miles, something quicker than Ariel, but neither of them exhibited the same degree of bottom and durability ; few were put to the same test, nor do we believe as much money has been staked on either. Others, in England, equally or more distinguished in some respects, were not as much so in others.
If it were her fate sometimes to encounter a superior, she was never beaten by that one in a second canvpaign ; when Monsieur Tonson and Sally Walker were her victors, during the short period of their glorious triumphs, she may not have been in equal condition. Recovering readily from the effects of a liard race, she started every season, at every meeting within her reach, wearing down all opponents ; she was never known to be lame, even to the close of her long and brilliant career.
When beat by Flirtilla in their great match, so admirably described by "An Old Turfman," she yielded to a noble foe, who had borne off every laurel that season, and, the next, con- tinued her triumphs, until she broke down with the wreath of victoryf almost within her grasp. " It was considered marvel- lous, that a three-year-old should make such a contest with such an adversary ;" especially as she must have been " hurried in her work," to have changed her condition in the brief interval from her other match.
* One, two, three and four miles have been run by them in Im. 473., Sm. 43s., 6m. 42s., and 7m. Z*l\s.
•)• Flirtilla, in the Jockey Club race, four-mile heats, at Newmarket, having won the first heat, severely contested by Shakspeare, broke down in the second ; and the race was won by Gohanna, who had merely saved his distance the fii st heat.
PEDIGREE OF ARIEL. 197
In the aggregate, taking into view speed, bottom, and dura- bility ; amount of running, travel, and of sums " lost and won" on her, we think Ariel stands unrivalled. Her time, from one to four miles and more, is scarce second, at any distance, to any on authentic record. At three years old, she ran a mile on the Union Course, winning by several lengths, well in hand, in 1 m. ■iSs. ; a few weeks after she won a three-mile heat, running the two last miles in 3m. 4:7s. ; at eight years old, on the same course, she was beat about two lengths by Arietta, in two miles, run in 3m. 44s. ; at five years old, she ran a second heat of three miles, beat about a length, by Sally "Walker, in 5m. 42s. ; and at six years old, won readily a second heat of four miles in 7m. 43s. Such stoutness was never exemplified, as in her sixteen-mile race at Newmarket ; where, after winning the second heat of four miles, she closely contested the third, run in 7^n. 57s., and won the fourth four-mile heat in 8m. 4*. ! — the best third and fourth heats e'oer run. Of the fifty-seven races she has run, she has h^en forty-two times a winner, having actually won seventeen Jockey Club purses, of four-mile heats, and run in jpuhlic more than 345 miles. For five years, from the spring she was three, to the autumn of eight years old, she was the ornament and dread of the turf, from New York to Georgia. She must have travelled at least 3,000 miles — perhaps more. In her matches, and Jockey Club purses, she has " lost and won" about $50,000.
PEDIGREE.
Ariel's pedigree is worthy of her performances. Her own brothers — Lance, a year older than herself, a distinguished runner that beat the famous Trouble, a great match — O'Kelly, that beat Flying Dutchman, Mary Randolph, and others, with such eclat as to bring $5,000 — and St. Leger in the great sweepstake in Baltimore, where he was so imaccountably beaten, but has since beat Terror — her own sister Angeline, and half brother Splendid, by Duroc, that was beat at three years old, in a produce match, by Col. Johnson's Medley — are all well known to fame. Her grandam gray mare Empress, has also been regarded one of the most renowned race nags and brood mares of the North. Octo- ber, 1804, at four years old, she very unexpectedly beat the
•198 THE H0E8E.
famous First Consul, for the Jockej Club purse, four- mile lieats, at Harlem, IST. Y. Tlie first race he lost.
Besides combining the three valued crosses of Herod, Matchem, and Eclipse, it will be observed Ariel's pedigree is "richly imbued with the best English blood ; " to whicli she traces almost directly from Childers, Partner, Crab, Snap, Cade, Spark, Othello, Gimcrack, Mambrino^ Medley, PotSos, Messenger Baronet, Diomed, &c. ; besides deriving her descent from the best early importations. ISTo other stock probably partakes as much of the Messenger blood — no less than four crosses ; with two, not very remote, from English Eclipse, two from Gimcrack, two from imported Pacolet, and three from imported Spark. Her color sustains her valuable origin — running so much into the Arabian blood.
To correct what may seem trifling errors in the pedigree of Ariel, before published, we now furnish it in full ; as collated with all the information to be obtained, from the most authentic sources — especially "American Turf Register."
From the certificates published in the second volume of the American Turf Register, page 566, it appears Ariel was bred in 1S22, by Mr. Gerrit Yanderveer, of Flatbush, on Long Island, Kings county, New York ; and that she was got by American Eclipse; her dam by Financier; grandam Empress, by imported Baronet; great grandam, by imp. Messenger; her dam by Snap out of Jenny Duter, by True Briton ; her dam Quaker Lass by imported Juniper, out of the imported Molly Pacolet, by Pacolet ; Molly Pacolet's dam Whiteneck, by Crab ; Godolphin Arabian — Conyer's Arabian — Ciirwen's bay Barb — Marshall's Spot — White-legged chestnut Lowther Barb — Yintner mare.
American Eclipse, bred by Gen. Coles of L. I., foaled 1814; was got by Diiroc, his dam the famed race mare Miller's Damsel, by imported Messenger, out of the imported PotSos mare ; her,' dam by Gimcrack. Duroc, bred by Wade Mosebj^, Esq., of Powhatan county, Yirginia, foaled 1806 : was got by imported Diomed, out of Mr. Moseby's " extraordinary race mare Amanda," by Col. Tayloe's famed Gray Diomed, son of imp. Medley. Thus far Eclipse's pedigree is unquestioned ; for the balance, see American Turf Register, p. 50, vol. 4. Of Sir
aeiel's ancestry. 199'
Charles Banbury's Diomed, imported into Yirginia, 1799, having "filled the measure of his glory," nothing more need be said. Messenger, foaled 1780, imported about 17SG or '7 into New York, was also a race-horse of repute at Newmarket ; he won some good races, and lost but few.* He was a gray, of great substance ; was got by Mambrino, a very superior stallion, his dam by Turf, son of Matchem, Ancastor Starling — Oxford Turk — Merlin — Pert — Commoner — Coppin mare. See English Stud Book, and American Eclipse's pedigree in full, American Turf Register, p. 51, vol. -1.
Financier was got by Tippoo Saib ; dam by imp. Messenger, grandam by Bashaw ; great-grandam by Young Bulle Rock — the famed Selim — Hopper's imported Pacolet. Tippoo Saib, a capital racer by imported Messenger, his dam imported, by Northumberland — Snap — Gypsey by Bay-Bolton — Duke of Newcastle's Turk — Byerly Turk. Tippoo Saib was sire to the famous Tippoo Sultan, that beat First Consul, 1807, and chal- lenged Miller's Damsel ; and was out of Financier's grandam by Bashaw, own brother to the famous race mare Slammerkin ; the ancestor to Ratler, Sumter, Childers, Flirtilla, Polly Hopkins, Lady Relief, Jackson, &c., the son of imported Wild air, by Cade, out of " the imported Cub mare." Young Bulle Rock, l)y Bulle Rock, son of imported Spark ; dam by imj). Bulle Rock, imported 1730 into Virginia — imp. Dabster — imported mare, out of the famed Britannia, own sister to True Briton, by imp. Othello ; her dam Gant's imported Milley. Imp. Bulle Rock, by the Darley Arabian dam — Byerly Turk — Lister Turk — Natural Arabian mare. Imported Dabster by' Hobgoblin — Spanker — Hautboy. Selim, foaled in Maryland, 1759, was got by the famed imp. Othello, out Col. Tasker's famous brood mare, imported Selima, bj' the Godolphin Arabian — said to be sister to Babraham, out of the Large Llartley mare. Selim, the best race-horse of his day, was purchased of Col. Tasker, at one year old, for £1000, by Sam'l Galloway, Esq., who beat with him all competitors, in the best time, until after nine years old. See American Turf Register, vol. 1, pp. 17, 62, and 480.
* It has been erroneously stated that imported Messenger never was beat. He lost several races in 1785. See English Racing Calendar. [Messenger started 14 times, won 8, lost G, received forfeit in 2, paid forfeit once. — Ed.]
200 THE HORSE.
Financier, a famous racer, w^as owned and probably bred by Isaac Dnckett, Esq., of Prince George's county, the land of liis maternal ancestry. — J. Y. Bond, of Pennsylvania, also ran •with success, 1812-13, a chestnut horse called Financier.
Baronet, bay, sixteen hands high, foaled 1785, bred by Sir "W". Yavas(iur, owned and run by the Prince of Wales — George lY. — was imported into New York. He was got by Yertumnus, out of Penultima, by Snap — Cade — Crab — Childers — Confede- rate filly by Gray Grantham — Duke of Rutland's Black Barb. Yertumnus by Eclipse, dam by Sweeper — son of Sloe — out of the Tartar mare, Mercury's dam. Baronet, a capital racer, won for the Prince of Wales — winner, on the occasion, of 17,000 guineas — the great Oatland stakes at Ascot, 1791-2, 100 subscribers, 100 guineas each, beating the best horses of England, a handicap, for all ages.
Snap — Gen. Heard's — was got by imp. Figure, out of " Heard's thorougbred mare Nettle."* Hamilton's imp. Figure ran with great celebrity in Maryland, 1768 ; he beat the famous Selim, four-mile heats ; M'as imp. in Maryland, 1765, he was got by Gray Figure — son of Standard — out of Young Mariamne, by Crab — by Croft's Partner — Bald Galloway. He ran with celeb- rity in Maryland.
True Briton by imported Othello, out of Gant's Milley. Othello — imported 1757, by Gov. Sharpe, of Maryland — by Crab, out of Miss Slammerkin, by Young True Blue. True Briton was a racer of celebrity ; he ran a great match, distancing Old England at Harlem, New York ; and another near Phila- delphia, in 1765-6, in great time, considering weight, but wa& beat by the famous Selim, for 500 pistoles.
Juniper, imported into Yirginia, 1761, was got by Babra- ham, out of Aura, by Stamford Turk; grandam, by brother to Conqueror, by Fox; g. grandam, by Childers, — Basto — Cur- wen's Bay Barb — Curwen's Spot — Lowther Barb — Yintner mare. Juniper, a celebrated racer, won fourteen out of eighteen races, running second in the four he lost.
Hopper's imported Pacolet, was got by Spark, — afterward
* 1772 Delancy's Nettle, by imported Granby, probably the same as Heard's, beat Selim, thirteen years old, and other famed horses, the four-mila heats, at An- napolis, vol. 1, p. 97. See Note * on page 221.
Ariel's perfoemances. 201
imported, out of Queen Mab, also imported as above.f It would appear Molly Pacolet was got by Pacolet — son of Spark — out of his own sister by imp. Spark, son of Honeycomb Punch, out of Wilkes' Old Hautboy mare, " he was a present to Gov. Ogle, of Maryland, from Lord Baltimore,* to whom he had been pre- sented by His Royal Highness, Frederic Prince of Wales " — father to George III.
Further detail is w^holly unnecessary, in regard to the residue ot Ariel's pedigree, which runs to the early horses of England — Arabians and Barbs.
PERFORMANCES.
Ariel having passed through many hands while on the turf; and, at a period, until her last year of racing, when there was no general " Pegister " to record her achievements ; we have made this compilation from several creditable sources, for which we owe obligation ; especially to " Numidian," for the account of her career in the South ; and to Godolphin, for that of one of her splendid achievements at the IS^orth. The Old Turfman, to whom we must be satisfied now to refer, has already received our thanks, and those of a grateful community.
1. 1825, April. Ariel, three years old, won a race of one hundred rods, against an Eclipse filly — Flying Dutchman's dam — and a horse by Duroc.
2. A fortnight after, she again won a race of one hundred rods, beating Fox by Duroc, Flying Dutchman's dam, and a Duroc colt. Fox, a gelding yet on the turf, was for many years the crack mile horse of the North — almost invincible in a single mile — at which he beat the famous Kentucky mile horse Snow Ball, by half a ength, at Lancaster, Pennsylvania, in Im. 49s. for $1000. Snow Ball, a few weeks before, had beaten the famed Arietta — a match one thousand yards, for $1000.
3. Shortly after she won, mile heats, for a set of silver Bpoons, beating Fox, Mr. Yan Panst's Eclipse colt. Flying Dutchman's dam, and Agnes, by Sir Solomon. Fox being drawn, Ariel distanced the field the second heat.
* Lord Baltimore was about this period the leader of the Prince's — the opposi« tion — party in Parliament. — See Walpole's letters. The present of a horse so famed ae Spark, was to be regarded as a special favor, f See Note f on page 221.
202 THE HOESE.
4. Immediately after, she won a matcli against Mr. Jolin Stevens' Flagellator, then considered the fastest mile horse at the Korth.
5. May. Ariel won witli great ease, for II. Lynch, Esq., a matcli against a Bussorah colt — $1000 each — two miles.
6. October. The ensuing autumn, at the same course, Mr. Lynch won, with her, a match, $5000 a side, against Col. W. R. Johnson's Lafayette, also three-year-old, by Virginian — mile heats. A " Spectator " differs from the Old Turfman's account, — in American Turf Register, vol. 2. p, 555 — and thinks Ariel won with ease, by four lengths, each heat. Time, Im. 48s. — Im. 52s.
7. October. Three weeks thereafter, on the Union Course, backed by other Northern gentlemen, in union with Messrs. Lynch and Yerplanck, she ran a matcli* for $20,000 a side, three-mile heats, against Gen. Wynn's Flirtilla, then five years old, and deemed in the South to be superior to any nag in the country — also backed by Col. Johnson and other Yirginia gentlemen. A severe contest — and won in three heats. Less than six inches decided the second heat, and the issue of as much as $50,000. Time, 5m. 54s. — two last miles, 3m. 47s. — 5m. 54s. — 5m. 54s.
ARIEL AND FLIETILLA RACE.
By the Old Turfman — D. C. Colden, Esq.
October 31st. Match for $20,000,— each stake,— three-mile heats.
Gen. Wm, Wynn's b. m. Flirtilla, by Sir Archy ; dam by Robin Redbreast ; five years old ; 113 lbs.
Mr. Ileniw Lynch's gr. f. Ariel, by Eclipse; dam by Finan- cier,f three years old ; 87 lbs.
This match grew out of a very extraordinary challenge,
* The match grew out of an extraordinary challenge to run Ariel four-mile heats, against any nag to be named, for $1000 on each turn, — four to a mile, — and $10,000, the main race. But for the mode of running the first heat, and accident in the second, the time would have been better.
f For the full pedigrees of Ariel, Financier, and dam of Tippoo Saib, see the preceding pages.
aeiel's condition. 203
given by the owner of Ariel, at the dinner table in the club room, on the 4 th inst., to run Ainel four-mile heats, against any nag to he named, for $1,000 on each turn or quarter j)ole, four turns to the mile, and $10,000 on the maAn race. This was not taken. On the day following, he gave a second challenge, to run Ariel four-mile heats, against any horse, mare or gelding that might then he named, that day six weeks, for $20,000, which was accepted by Dr. Wyche, of Korth Carolina, who named Flirtilla, and oifered to increase the bet to $50,000, which was not acceded to. A gentleman present, confederate with the owner of Ariel, a few minutes afterward, made two other bets with Dr. Wyche, of $5,000 each ; thus the match, although nominally for $20,000, was, in point of effect, for $30,000. By a subsequent arrangement, the distance was al- tered from four to three-mile heats, and the 31st of that month — rOctober — agreed upon as the day of trial. The gray filly, which had been trained for the race, between her and Lafayette, by Mr. liichard Jackson, — who, I must in justice say, brought her to the post in tip-top order, — was taken out of his hands, and her future management, or preparation, confided to Mr. Samuel Laird, a trainer of some exjDcrience, whose recent success had rendered him popular ; and Flirtilla, who had heretofore been trained by Gen. Wynn's black servant Charles, under the General's superintendence, was now put under the direction of Mr. William R. Johnson. Ariel also changed her rider ; and, in jilace of Black Harry, who had ridden her ad- mirably against Lafayette, Mr. Laird's nephew, Madison Laird, was chosen as her jockey. Bob Wooden rode Flirtilla.
After the termination of the regular purse races, on the 6th inst., business called me to the North ; I did not return until the 30th, consequently, had viewed neither of the horses during this latter part of their train. Some of my friends who had taken a pretty deep interest, were desirous that I would examine their condition and give my opinion. In pursuance of which, I re- paired to the stables, on the afternoon immediately preceding the day of the race, and was politely permitted, by the owners of the respective horses, to take a view. I found Ariel by no means in the order to be desired ; her coat was harsh, and her ekin clapped down tight, exhibiting infallible signs of her having
204 THE HORSE.
been overmarked, or having had her pores collapsed ; and I, without hesitation, told a friend who had backed her, that she was wrong ; that whether she won or lost, she would not relieve herself by perspiring freely, either while running or after the heat ; that nothing but an accident or a miracle could give her the race, and advised him to get his money off. On the other hand, the coat of Flirtilla had a satin like-gloss ; the skin when taken hold of, showed nothing like adhesion to the body, and handled like a rich, pliable, yet elastic velvet. She was drawn completely into muscle, yet fresh upon her legs ; while her ani- mated countenance gave assurance that her spirits were un- broken.
Betting went on briskly — no odds asked or given.
At length the long and anxiously looked-for day arrived; and, with the exception of the great match between Eclipse and Henry, the course was never more thronged. Numbers arrived from the South, and the Northern sportsmen were on the ground to a man.
Betting went on merrily, and some individuals had from $7,000 to $15,000 at stake.
The hour of 1 was now at hand, and the bugle sounded the call ; the summons was obeyed. Next were heard the orders, " saddle," " mount," '' come up." The signal tap next re- sounded, and off they flew. Each 23resently took a hard pull, with intent to wait upon his adversary ; but the light weight was unable to restrain the impetuosity of the gray filly, and necessity compelled him to lead. The bay mare now trailed close in her rear, and thus they proceeded, at a mode- rate rate, to the end of the first round or mile ; run in slow time, 2m. 12s. Here stood Mr. Johnson, upon whom the lively Bob Wooden, as he advanced, fixed an eye, which quickly caught the signal to make play. He dashed forward, and as by a single bound, was three lengths ahead, before young Laird, taken by surprise, could call out the filly. Away they went, at a killing pace ; and, as they passed round to the termi- nation of the second mile, the bay mare still leading, the cry- was, " Hold her steady, and let her go." The stride was ex- cessive, the gather quick, the stroke regular ; no floundering, no laboring, no dwelling, no clambering, nothing abroad ; the
ABIEL AND FLIETILLA. 205
rate was tremendous ; tlius they went along, until tliey arrived at tlie middle of the back part of the course, in the third or last round ; the gray filly trailing full twenty yards. Here slie let out, and, as if with magic speed, came up, challenged, and took the lead ; all in a run of forty rods, and before she arrived at the half-mile pole of this last round. Flirtilla, however, fol- lowed in a determined and spirited manner ; but Ariel kept up her rate, and although she dropped a little, coming up the stretch, came in from three to four lengths ahead.
Time of running the 1st mile in this heat, - - 2m. 12s.
Time of running the two last miles, - - - - 3m. 4Ts.
Time of running the heat, - - - - - 5m. 59s.
I took a view of the horses, as soon as they were stripped and led off to their rubbing places. Ariel appeared a little swollen about the loins, what is termed filleted ; did not j^er- spire freely, or relieve herself as she ought. Flirtilla showed also some symptoms of distress ; but nothing which indicated being overmarked. The race I now considered — barring acci- dents— insured to Flirtilla.
Second Heat. — Flirtilla went to work in earnest ; she chal- lenged at the start, passed ahead, and kept up a telling pace ; Ariel following with all her power, but each round dropping farther and farther behind. In the second mile it was evident that her chance was oijt. Toward the termination of the last mile, when Flirtilla entered upon the quarter stretch, she had beaten the gray filly full 100 yards, and thus far in advance was she when she passed the four-mile distance, 40 rods from home ; but as she neared the crowd, and had arrived within 20 or 25 rods of the winning post, became sulky or restive, refused to run, actually braced herself, and it was with the greatest dif- ficulty that her rider prevented her from coming to a full stop. Young Laird, having given up all idea of winning the heat, and intending barely to drop within the distance post, seeing that something was the matter, clapped whip and spur to the filly, and brought her up at a rattling pace ; but it was too late, the distance, yet to be measured, too short ; one more stride would
206 THE HOESE.
have given liim the heat. It was a hair-breadth business ; — ad- judged to Flirtilla by only six inches.
Time, 5m. 54^s.
Two to one on Flirtilla.
Third Heat. — It was now evident that Flirtilla had the field at command, and that nothing, save her restiveness, left any chance to Ariel. At the summons they both took their stations, and the signal being given, went off at a rattling pace ; Flir- tilla taking the lead, and keeping on at a life or death -like pace, apparently determined neither to give nor receive quarter. Bob Wooden had orders to keep her steadily on, and he did so ; gradually dropping the filly, who in the second round, was dead beat. She, however, kept up a hopeless struggle to the last, falling in the rear full 100 yards.
Thus terminated a match, twice lost to the ITorthern sports- men, which proper preparation, or good management, would have given them. So much for changing a successful trainer and rider. The epitaph, " I was well and wished to be better — took physic, and here I am," was never more fully verified than in this case.
An Old Tukfman.
Me. Editoe ;
" An Old Turfman" is mistaken in supposing that Ariel beat Flirtilla the first heat, in their match, more than a neck. Both of them came in under whip and spur. The crowd prevented my seeing, when Ariel obtained the lead in the last round, but I did not see her more than half a length ahead. Between the distance and the winning stand Flirtilla gained from the girth to the shoulders.* Ariel was on the outside on coming in — a strong proof that she had not cleared Flirtilla, on getting the lead.
Had Flirtilla run from the start, or made her run a little Booner, she would have taken the heat ; and it is believed would have won the match that day, even though the race had been two-mile heats instead of three. Ariel on no occasion showed
* Com. Ridgely was in the winning stand at the race, and will no doubt confirm my recollections.
HER FOUE-YEAK-OLD RACES. 207
more speed, if she was in other respects amiss. Had " An Old Turfman " examined the condition of Yanitj in her match with Count Piper, he would have discovered she was in worse order, and that was not ascribable to her trainer.
It is to be hoped this correction may not be nnacceptable to "An Old Turfman," but that he will continne his valuable com- munications. Should there be mistakes, the correction may be made. Good racing deserves good descriptions, such as his.
One of the Judges.
She was now purchased by gentlemen of the South, and placed in Gen, "VVynn's stable.
.8. 1826. April. At Belfield, Virginia, she was beaten by Col. Johnson's Shakspeare, four years old, by Yirginian, for the Jockey Club purse, $-iOO, three-mile heats. Was probably too high.
9. May. At ISTewmarket, she won the jDOst stake $400, three- mile heats, beating Mr. Field's Mark Time, four years old, by Gallatin — a very superior three-mile 'horse — in fine style and time ; but we are unable to furnish particulars. Next week Mark Time won the three-mile heat in the best time known at Tree Hill.
10. At Tree Hill, the next week, she won with ease the Jockey Club purse, $1000, beating Mr. Field's Gohanna— the first race he lost — Col. Johnson's Betsey Richards, and Mr. Har- rison's Frantic. Time, 8m. 7s. — 8m. 2s. The preceding week at Newmarket, Gohanna and Betsey Richards had been winners, both running severe races, of twelve miles, beating Flirtilla, Shakspeare, Janet, and others.
11. At Nottoway, the following week, she won the Jockey Club purse, $100, four-mile heats, beating Gohanna again, with others. '
12. September. At Nottoway, she won with ease, in one heat, the Jockey Club purse, $100, four-mile heats, beating Col. Johnson's Shakspeare.
13. At Broad Rock, she won with great ease, the Jockey Club purse, $500, three-mile heats.
14. October. At Newmarket, the next week, she won clev- erly the Jockey Club purse, $600, four-mile heats, beating Mr.
208 THE UOESE.
Botts's Phillis — own sister to Golianna — and Col. Johnson's Betsey Archer.
15. At Tree Hill, the week following, she ran second to the famous Monsieur Tonson, four years old, by Pacolet, for the Jockey Club purse, w^on cleverly in two heats. Mr. Botts's Go- hanna distanced. Monsieur Tonson trailed Ariel, the first heat, until the last quarter, when in passing, the saddle of Ariel hav- ing slipped, she had to give up the contest ; the second heat was run in the same way, and Monsieur Tonson, to general astonishment, won by more than a clear length. Time, 8m. 4s. — 7m. 57s. — the best time at Tree Hill, excepting the second heat, won the preceding year, by Phillis, in 7m. 56s., closely contested by Betsey Bobinson, winner of the race, and the second heat, also in 7m. 56s., won b,y Yirginia Lafayette beating Flirtilla and Marion.
16. At Belfield, the succeeding fortnight, she was again beaten by Monsieur Tonson, in a Jockey Club race, three-mile heats, an extremely interesting race of three heats — Sally Walker won the first heat — Lafayette also in tlie race — said to have been Avell-contested and run in fine time ; but we regret being "unable to ^x^o. further jparticiilars.
17. E^ovember. At Halifax, IST. C, the next week, she was beaten by Monsieur Tonson, for the Jockey Club purse, $100, three-mile heats. Two weeks after at Boydton, was run the memorable race between Monsieur Tonson and Sally Walker, " the best four-mile race," all things considered, ever run in America — won cleverly by the former — his last race but one — in 7m. 55s. and 7m. 54s.
18. 1827. January. Ariel was next travelled to Augusta, Georgia, where she won easily the Jockey Club purse, $500, four-mile heats.
19. February. She travelled thence to Charleston, S. C, where she received the amount of the Jockey Club purse, $600, being withdrawn in favor of Red Gauntlet, the ostensible win- ner.
20. Next day she won the $400 purse, three-mile heats.
21. Two days after, the handicap purse, $400, three-mile heats.
Thus running as a four-year old, fifteen races — two in one
FIYE-TEAK-OLD KACES, 209
week — of wliicli slie won eleven and lost but four — three to the famous Monsieur Tonson, and one to Shakspeare, whom she af- terward beat.
22. May. At ISTewmarket, Ariel, now five years old, won the Jockey Club j)urse, $600, four-mile heats, beating with ease, Maid of Lodi, Atalanta and Phillis. Time, 7m. 58s. — 8m. 8s.
After this race, $2000 was given by Mr. "Wyche for six- weeks' use of Ariel.
23. At Tree Hill, the next week, she won the Jockey Club purse, $1000, with a post stake $500, each four subscribers, mak- ing the sum of $3000, four-mile heats, beating with ease Mr. Botts's Gohanna, the famed Sally McGee, and Maid of Lodi. — Monsieur Tonson, calculated upon in the race, had broken down, and Sally "Walker had gone to the Union Course, where, in three four-mile heats, she beat Lance — own brother to Ariel — and Janet, own sister to Sir Charles. Track excessively heavy — at places near knee-deep with mud and water.
24. At Broad Rock, the week following, she won the Jockey Club purse, $500, beating Lafayette and others,
25. At ITorfolk, the next week, she won the Jockey Club purse, $500, four-mile heats, beating Gohanna and the cele- brated Sally Hope, four years old, by Sir Archy — track also very deej). The defeat of the latter has been ascribed to the state of the course. See her memoir, American Turf Register.
26. June. At Nottoway, shortly thereafter, she won the Jockey Club purse, $400, three-mile heats, beating Gohanna, Sally McGee, Bed Gauntlet and others. A capital race. Go- hanna ran in reserve the first heat, won in 5m. 50s., and closely contested the next, an uncommonly severe heat, won in 5m. 46s.
Thus Ariel, in one campaign, won all her five Jockey Club races, three of them four-mile heats ; beating most of the best horses — without taking into consideration the three races, won a few months before in Georgia and South Carolina. Having previously passed through several hands, the veteran Wynn be- ing dead, Ariel was now bought for $1600, by his nephew, Col. "Wm. Wynn.
27. September. At Broad Bock, for the Jockey Club purse, $500, three-mile heats, Ariel was beaten, in a severely con- tested race, by Sally Walker, five years old, by Timoleon ; but
Vol. L— 14
210 THE HOESE.
beat, in both heats, Lafayette and another. Sally Walker was comj^aratively fresh, having run but one race in the spring, which she won with ease — though in three heats — and was then declared to be the best nag from the South, that had ever been introduced on the Union Course. Ariel was not in condi- tion— too high ; nor did she get exactly " in fix " during the campaign. The time of this race is the best on our records, 5m. 44s. — 5m. 42s.
28. At Newmarket, the next week, she was beaten easily, by Sally Walker, for the Jockey Club purse, $600, four-mile heats.
29. October. At Tree Hill, the following week, she won the post stakes, $450, a single four miles, beating Col. John- son's famed Trumpator, four years old, by Sir Solomon, and others.
30. At Nottoway, the next week, she won with ease the Jockey Club purse, $400, three-mile heats, beating Col. John- son's famed Medley, three years old, by Sir Hal, in one heat.
31. At Belfield, the week following, she was beaten by Sally Walker, for the Jockey Club purse, $400, three-mile heats. An uncommonly severe race — scarce a shade of differ- ence between them. Time, 5m. 46s. — 5m. 48s.
32. November. At Halifax, N. C, she was again beaten, the succeeding week, by Sally Walker, for the Jockey Club purse, $400, four-mile heats.
33. At Scotland Neck, a few weeks after, she won the Jockey Club purse.
34. 1828. January. She was then travelled to Augusta, Georgia, where she won the Jockey Club purse, $500, four- mile heats, beating Col, Myers' Lady Deerpond and others.
35. February. Thence to Charleston, S. C, where she was beaten for the Jockey Club purse, $600,— and a bet of $1000, — four-mile heats, by Mr. Singleton's Crusader, four years old, by Sir Archy. A good race — lost the second heat by scarce two feet. Time not known.
36. A few days thereafter, she won the handicap purse, $400, beating Crusader, who broke down in the first heat, and another.
StX-YEAE-OLD EACES. 211
Thus, as a five-year-old, Ariel ran again fifteen races in one year, of which she lost only five.
37. April. At Belfield, she won the Proprietor's purse, $200, two-mile heats, beating Peggy Madee, by Sir Hal, a famed two-mile nag. See American Turf Register, pp. 98, 204, 252, 514, and 560, vol. 2. — Ariel, now appearing amiss, Col. Wynn was induced to sell her for $2,000, giving a certifi- cate that, while owned by him, " under a continuation of one training, she ran the astonishing distance of ninety-nine miles, mostly under whip and spur — having been vanquished, in several contests, perhaps from want of condition rather than talents." See American Turf Register, vol. 4, p. 495.
38. May. At Newmarket, she was beaten, for the Pro- prietor's purse, $300, three-mile heats — well contested — by Col. Johnson's Medley, four years old. Each heat ran in 5m. 49s.
39. At Tree Hill, the next week, she won the Jockey Club purse, $1000, four-mile heats, beating Red Murdoch — who had beat Medley, the three-year-old sweepstakes at Newmarket — and Sally McGee. Medley, expected to have run in this race, had fallen lame and never ran again.
40. At Broad Rock, the following week, she won with ease the Jockey Club purse, $500, three mile heats.
41. At Norfolk, the next week, she won the Jockey Club pui*se, $600, four mile heats.
42. Same meeting, she won a handicap race, for $300, " best three out of five " — mile heats—" won in three or four heats, particulars not recollected."
43. June. At Boydton, the fortnight after, she won the Proprietor's purse, $200, two-mile heats.
44. September. At Norfolk, she won the Jockey Club purse, $500, four-mile heats — a good race, beating cleverly Col. Johnson's Trumpator, and another. — 8m. 2s. — Tm. 43s. — the second heat.
45. At Broad Rock, the next week, she won in four heats, the Jockey Club purse, $500, three-mile heats ; beating Trum- pator, Lafayette and others — a good race and in good time — i\iQ fourth heat in 5m. 47s. !
46. October. At Newmarket, the week succeeding, she
212 THE HOESE.
won the Jockey Club purse, $600, four-mile heats, beating in four heats Trumpator, Red Murdoch and Ilypona. Time, 8m. 22s.— 8m. 13s.— 7m. STs.- 8m. 4s.
" Red Murdoch won the first heat, in 8m. 22s. ; Ariel and Trumpator both in reserve. Ai'iel took the second heat, with great ease, in 8m. 13s. Intense interest was excited at the prospect of a severe struggle for the third heat — that to an ob- servant eye seemed inevitable. Trumpator, who in many a well disputed field had earned distinguished honor, and more than once excited the apprehensions of his formidable adversary, had yet made no eftort in the race ; and was in the hands of a most skilful, deliberate, and experienced turfite. It was ob- vious he alone attracted the notice of his fair adversary, and that the tug of war could no longer be postponed. Never were anticipations more fully realized ; never was reputation more nobly sustained. From tlie onset both pressed forward, with a desperate rush, and maintained a severe and ceaseless press throughout the entire heat. For the four miles, the whip nor spur were idle ; for three and a half it was impossible to con- jecture the result — when Trumpator gained a slight, but preca- rious ascendency, which, with great difficulty, he maintained to the close, coming in a few feet ahead — winning one of the hest heats ever done at Newmarket, and perhaps the very hest third heat ever run in this hemisphere, or any where else. Time, Tm. 5Ys.
"The readiness with which both recovered and 'cooled off,' surprised those most familiar with the turf. In a short while both were prepared for the decisive engagement. At the sound of the trumpet the ardent competitors apjDcared, for the fourth time, at the goal — eager for the conflict. At the word they pressed forward with desperate efforts — both conscious that the slightest advantage must prove decisive, in a contest of such equal powers. For a mile and a half their prospects were alike ; Ariel now gained some advantage — Trumpator strained every nerve — they are again locked, and all as doubtful as ever. On they fly — urged by every persuasive — ever and anon fiercely called upon, and at every call found worthy of almost bound- less confidence. In the third round, victory inclined to Trum- pator— he gradually cleared his opponent — light appeared be-
CONTEST WITH TEUMPATOE. 213
tween tliem. But the spirit of Ariel was imsubdiied, and her efforts unabated. Slie firmlj maintained the arduous struggle — half a mile more, they were again ' side by side ' — not con- tent, she still pressed forward and regained her lost place. On closing the mile she had gained the track and swept around the turn ' nose and tail.' Up the back stretch continued a tremen- dous struggle — Ariel still maintaining the lead — but, in making the sweep of the last turn, the prospects of Trumpator seemed to brighten — he closed in and entered the quarter stretch ' nose and nose.' Intense interest was at its height — when the for- tunes of Ariel decided the conflict — havino; the track and the firmest ground, Ariel beat him down the stretch, at her utmost speed, by only a few feet — closing the race, and bearing off her well earned laurels, in 8m. 4s. — after one of the most arduous contests ever known, — amid the acclamations of the multitude. • — ' I saw Henry * do the first heat, with Betsey Bichards on his haunches, in Ym. 54s., and repeated it in 7m. 5Ss. — the best four-mile heats ever run at ISTewmarket."
We regret our limits have compelled us to abridge the account furnished by our valued correspondent " Numidian."
I^umidian might also have said, that the last heat was the best fourth heat " ever run," in any quarter of the world — 8m. 4s. ! — 20s. better than Eclipse's third heat with Henry, when both were at their utmost speed ; but the rate of their first and second heat " told.''''
47. At Tree Hill, the next week, for the Jockey Club purse, $1,000, four-mile heats, all her older competitors being beaten off or broke down, Kate Kearney and Star, two extra- ordinary three-years-old, only entered the lists with her — it was "gold to copper" on Ariel, notwithstanding her severe race of sixteen miles the preceding week. She led off, in good style, trailed by the others. Star, during the first three miles, made unavailing efforts for the lead, and then fell back far in the rear — Kate Kearney still trailing — until, on entering the quarter stretch, with an unexpected burst, she went ahead and won the heat in 7m. 59s. Notwithstanding the loss of a heat,
* This performance being compared with Henry's on the same course, when run at his best speed, in the very zenith of his fame, leaves scarce a doubt that Ariel was fully equal to him or EcUpse, in their best days.
214 THE HORSE.
Ariel was still the favorite ; and led gallantly in the second heat, as before — but near its close was passed by both her competitors, Kate Kearney again winning in fine style ; tlie others near at hand. A capital race. Tlie second heat — only two seconds more than the first — 8m. Is. — the two heats two seconds quicker than Monsieur Tonson's fine race at Tree Hill — and excellent time, for the course.
Kate Kearney — since so celebrated — the preceding week, at J^ewm^rket, had won a great sweepstakes, in good time, beating Slender and another; and two days before her race with Ariel, had won another, two-mile heats, in the best time at Tree Hill, 3m. 57s. and 3m. 50s. — the second heat — beating Slender, Waxy and another. Slender, the next day after her sweepstakes, won the Proprietor's purse, two-mile heats, beat- ing Lafayette, Caswell, Susan Eobinson, Sally Drake and an- other, in 3m. 56s., and 3m. 52s. Star, a few weeks before, at l^orfolk, had run a severe second heat of two miles, with Polly Hopkins, in 3m. 42s. — the best time over that course, twenty- nine yards short of a mile.
48. At Belfield, the week after her Tree Hill race, Ariel won the Proprietor's purse, $200, two-mile heats ; Polly Hop- kins, three years old, won the Jockey Club purse, $400, three- mile heats, the preceding day, and the next week at Kew Hope, the Proprietor's purse, $250.
49. ITovember. At New Hope, Halifax county, N. C, Ariel closed her career in the " race-horse region," by winning the Jockey Club purse, $400, three-mile heats.
March, 1829, she was purchased of David Branch, Esq., and passed into the hands of Hamilton "Wilkes, Esq., who travelled her the entire distance to New York by land, about 400 mileSj and renewed her exploits in the land of her birth — leaving the late scenes of her glory to her successors in fame — Kate Kearney, Polly Hopkins, Slender and Star. Of the twelve races she ran as a six-year-old, Ariel won ten ; and was obviously out of condition in the two she lost, won by Medley and Kate Kearney.
50. May 12. At the Union Course, Long Island, N. Y., the first spring meeting, Ariel, now seven years old, was beat by the famed gr. m. Betsey Ransom, five years old, by Yir-
ARIEL AKD BETSEY RANSOM. 215
ginian, in a well contested race, for the Jockey Club purse, four-mile heats. Time, 7m. 57s. — 8m. 7s.
51. May 26. At the same place, at the second meeting, a fortnight after, she was in like manner again beaten by Betsey Ransom, for the Jockey Club purse, four-mile heats. Time, 7m. 52s. — 8m. Is.
52. June. At Poughkeepsie, E". Y., the next week, Ariel beat Betsey Ransom, for the Jockey Club purse, $500, four- mile heats, in 7m. 52s. — 8m. Is. — but of the third heat, the firae is wanting. We are happy to annex the following ani- mated account of this interesting race, from the pen of a valued correspondent, who both writes and runs his horses, "con amore."
"Since the contest between Eclipse and Henry, in 1823, no race — at the I^Torth — has excited so intense an interest in the spectators, as the one run by Ariel and Betsey Ransom, on the Dutchess Course, on Tuesday last. In two prior trials at Long Island, on the 12tli and 26th of May, Betsey Ransom — contrary to the exjjectations of many — had proved victorious. The friends of Ariel, though somewhat consoled by her gallant per- formance on the 26th, had been again disappointed. — Mem. Saw her entered for this last encounter, with reluctance, from feeling how little chance there was of regaining her lost laurels. The earnest solicitation of a friend, joined to an anxious wish to gratify the inhabitants of his own country, decided her owner to start her, on this occasion.
" When they were led upon the ground, the appearance of the two differed as widely as their prospects — the firm, elastic reaching step, the fiery eye and lofty bearing of Betsey, gave assurance of condition, and showed her conscious of her powers and confident of victory — while the short and stiffened gait, the quiet and determined countenance of Ariel — reversing the quondam appearance, together with the fate of herself and riirtilla — seemed plainly to say, ' I have lost my station as first among the fleet ones of my race, but I will regain it or die.' They started — Betsey Ransom went off on the lead, at a mode- rate pace, appearing resolved to do no more than was necessary — when, at the end of the two miles she broke away, as from mere whim, at such a gait and at such a stride, as would have
216 THE HOKSE.
rendered useless to Ariel the wings of her gallant namesake. Her ultimate exertions could only bring her within three or four lengths of this kill-devil, at the winning post. The heat was run in 7m. 52s., the last two miles in 3m. 52s.
" The loss of the heat rendered the prospects of Ariel still more gloomy, and the chance of winning so desperate, that it was determined to withdraw her — this was on the point of be- ing announced, when, as the groom was leading up Betsey to receive the award of victory, the experienced eye of Ariel's trainer, detected in Betsey Ransom some indication of sorrow — there were three or four minutes to spare — he hastily threw on his saddle, and started her. Betsey again took the lead, at a pace so I'apid, that it gave her long and silvery tail the appear- ance of a meteor streaming in the wind ; for three miles she kfept frolicking on — sometimes breaking aw^ay and making a gap, that seemed to say, ' I will punish you, dainty spirit of the air, for your presumption, by leaving you without the dis- tance ' — and again waiting for her, as if repenting so harsh a purpose. In the mean time, Ariel went steadily on, at a gait that did not vary, except once in the second mile — when in changing her feet she threw her rider forward and lost eight or ten yards, by the falter ; at the end of three miles and a quar- ter, Betsey found Ariel within a yard of her — in another instant alongside — now came a struggle for the track, desperate and determined. It created an interest so deep, and a silence so profound, that one might almost hear the hearts of the multi- tude beat — it could not last long — at the end of a straight quar- ter, Ariel has the track. ' Ariel is ahead,' was thundered out with a shout that would have waked the soundest sleeper of the seven. There was a half a mile yet to go. Ariel keeps the track — no time to lose — one short half mile, one short minute more, Ariel may pluck a laurel from her wreath, that she must regain, or unbind her brows. They turned down the straight side of the last quarter, Ariel half her length ahead — neither rider had a whip, from an idea of its useless- ness — they are at the distance post, side by side — what would not have been given for a whip — a whip — a whip — the result upon a whip — a single stroke might decide upon it. Betsey's
BETSEY KANSOM. 217
rider uses his hand, but it will not do — Ariel wins the heat by half a neck, in 8m, Is., amidst the cheers of thousands.
" In half an hour they again started to determine the third and last heat, Betsey had lost her taste for frolicking, and went steadily but rapidly on, with Ariel only a length behind, for three miles and a quarter; here Ariel made a run and passed her — taking and keeping the lead by two or three lengths, to the winning post — thus regaining her lost laurels, and proving herself to this ' out and outer,' what the best judge in the Union pronounced her — ' a truly formidable race- horse,' * GODOLPHIN,"
Gray filly Betsey Eansom, by Yirginian, October, 1827, on the Union Course, at three years old, won the Jockey Club purse, four-mile heats, distancing Sir Lovell, Count Piper, Lady Flirt,f and "Valentine — Stevens' Janet drawn after the first heat — in a most extraordinary manner, the second heat, Kext week she won the four-mile heats purse, near Baltimore, with great ease ; and the week succeeding the same at Norfolk, at three heats, contending for each, that were won in 7m. 50s, — 7m. 45s, and 7ni. 50s. — 25s. better than the Eclipse match, but with a difference of the course — twenty-nine yards short of a mile. She gathered laurels in Virginia, the Carolinas, Georgia, Maryland and ISTew York — but never won a race after her de- feat by Ariel — she ran but once more, the succeeding spring, in the sweepstakes won by Col. Johnson's Slender, four miles, beating also Black Maria — $1,000 each.
The next day Ariel's half brother, gray horse Splendid, won with ease the three-mile heats, beating Lady Hunter and an- other in 5ra. 58s, and 6m, 2s. At three years old. Splendid had been beat in a match by Col. Johnson's Medley.
It is somewhat surprising that at this era so many of the first-rate horses should have been gray, and that they should have so frequently contended exclusively with each other, as Ariel, Betsey Eansom, Medley, Splendid, Mark Time, Peggy Madee, and others — also in the south and west,
* The time, in three contests with Betsey Ransom, on courses better adapted to speed than those at the South, shows that Ariel was "below her mark"; — probably considerably " off her foot."
\ Lady FHrt won the first heat, contested by Janet and Count Piper.
218 THE HOESE.
63. October. At Poughkeepsie, Ariel won with ease the Jockey Club purse, $500, four-mile beats, beating Light In- fantry.
54:. At the Union Course, the next week, she won the Jockey Club purse, $500, four-mile heats, beating her only competitor Lady Flirt, with such ease the first heat, that she was drawn. Lady Flirt had won the three-mile heats, with eclat, at Poughkeepsie, where she subsequently beat Black Maria and others, three-mile heats.
55. 1830. May 8. Ariel, now eight years old, had been matched by the gentlemen of the ISTorth, to run on the Union Course, against Col. Johnson's Arietta, four years old, by Yir- ginian, backed by him and others of the South — Ariel to carry 100 lbs. against 87 lbs. two miles, for $5000 aside — and was beat by Arietta, rather more than a length — a good race — sixty yards more would probably have given it to Ariel. Tlie first mile was run in Im. 4Ts. — the two in 3m. 44s. See " Old Turf- man," p. 45, vol. 3, American Turf Register.
56. May 12. Ariel was beat the three-mile heats, by Sir Level, six years old, by Duroc, a good race, in which she was second — beating Bachelor and Yankee Maid. Time, 5m. 47s. — 5m. 53s.
57. May 18. In less than a week, Ariel again entered the lists with Sir Lovel, at Poughkeepsie, destined to replace tlie laurels she loses on the Union Course. This was in other re- spects a second edition of her race with Betsey Eansom on the same course. Sir Lovell the favorite, at one hundred to thirty, led otf in gallant style, and took the first heat in 7m. 54s. There was now scarce a doubt as to the result. In tlie second heat, he took the lead as before — Ariel pressing him more close- ly on every mile, the first run in Im. 57s. — the second in Ira. 59s. — the third in Im. 54s. — the three miles in 5m. 50s. — in a half mile more, Ariel is ahead as in the former race — but Sir Lovell gives up, and Ariel wins it, at her ease, in 8m. Sir Lov- ell being then drawn, Ariel again took the purse.
This was Ariel's last race, and with the fame that Sir Lov- ell subsequently acquired, was of itself sufficient to establish her fame. Two days thereafter, he won the two-mile heats, beating Maryland Eclipse and Lady Hunter, in 3m. 60s. anc"
HER LAST APPEARANCE. 219
3m. 46s. — a severely contested race. The next week, on the Union Course, he beat Arietta, a match, $5,000 a side, two-mile heats, in 3m. 45s. and 3m. 48s.
In the autumn Ariel was in training, and brought to the Poughkeepsie Course ; but it does not appear why slie did not run — probably she was in the stable with Black Maria, Celeste and others — the former now running her brilliant career, won the four-mile heats at this meeting, in Ym. 56s. — Ym. 53s.
" The veteran Ariel was led on the course for the last time, on her withdrawal from the turf.'' " She appeared the picture, the beau ideal of a race-horse, and hundreds of amateurs thronged around her to take a parting look at an old and de- served favorite. When stripped and saddled by her trainer, she exhibited all the fire of youth, with the vigor of maturity, manifesting the most animated impatience, till a lad mounted and galloped her around the course, for the gratification of the admiring crowd. She brushed up the last quarter with that inevitable fairy stride, which we have so often viewed with de- light— then taking leave of the arena of her triumphs, she went leisurely into a retirement, from which no friend could wish to recall her, covered with imj^erishable laurels — the prize of many a hard-fought field."
Thus it appears Ai'iel has run more than 345 7niles in 57 races, of which she has won 42,* lY of them four-mile heats. She has run every distance, in nearly the best time of the j)res- ent century, and we believe the very best third and fourth heat that has eve7' heen run. She has vanquished almost every horse of fame from ISTew York to Georgia, during the f five years she was on the turf, never laying by nor lame ; and when beat, al- ways making good races, conquered only by the best horses and at their respective distances ; all of whom she beat on a second trial, excepting only Monsieur Tonson, Sally Walker, Flirtilla, Kate Kearney, and Arietta — the three last she ran with but once — and whenever beaten, it may be questionable whether she was run in proper condition. Excepting her matcli
* " Imported Citizen won 19 races in England — 14 of them four-mile heats — 6 of them at three heats."
f See Turf Reg. vol. 1, pp. 159, 219, 283, 485, 486, 489, 491, 518, 519, 520, 630 to 536, 566, 588. Vol. 2, pp. 555-6. Vol. 3, pp. 42, 45, 335-6, 378.
220 THE HORSE.
at three years old, of three-mile heats, with the very best race- horse then known on the turf, she has never lost a race in which she won a heat. She has won in matches and Jockey Club purses, exclusive of bets, $25,000 for her several owners ; who, with scarce an exception, if any, have all derived profit from her generous exertions.
Her winnings — in number of races and distances — greatly surpass any of which we have any account, either in England or America. Rockingham, who heads the list of English win- ners— Am. Turf Reg. vol. 3, p. 390 — was winner 33 times; her ancestor PotSos, 31 times ; another ancestor Gimcrack — the severest runner ever known in England — 28 times out of 37 races / Woodpecker 28, and imported Buzzard 28 ; Eleanor * — grandam of Luzborough — winner of the Derby and Oaks — • consecutive days — a feat performed by no other — comes nearer to Ariel in her performances than any besides, having won 28 out of 48 races ; Peggy, the mare of most fame ever imported into America — and g. g. grandam of Tychicus, and of the famed Vespa, winner last year of the Oaks, and this of King's plates, and other distinguished races m England. — See New Sporting Magazine, for May and June, 1834 — won 22 out of 35 races — see American Turf Register, vol. 4, p. 557 — imported Shark 19 ; Sir Peter Teazle 17 ; Elorizel 16 ; Highflyer 14 ; Orville — one of the severest and best runners of modern days — won about 14 races, but lost as many ; Dick Andrews — also grandsire to Luzborough — won' 20 out of 27 ; Diomed 12 ; Eclipse 11 ; Matchem 10 ; Herod 10 ; Trumpator 10 ; Childers 6 or 8 ; &c., &c. Of our horses of most celebrity few of them have won many races ; Sir Charles won 20 — sometimes shame- fully beaten — distanced both by Sir William and Eclipse — ■ Timoleon won 6; Virginian 10; Am. Eclipse, so famed at the Korth, ran only eight races, from four to nine years old, inclu- sive, and made but one very good race — having beaten second- rate competitors, or those that had been worn or broken down, until he encountered Henry ; whose defeat may be ascribable to mismanagement — and other distinguished horses, Yirago,
* Imported Luzborough won 24 out of 32 races, but never ran four miles. He was five years on the turf.
HER UNKIYALLED HONEST i'. 221
Gallatin, Sir Archy, Florizel, Pacolet, Bertrand, Monsieur Ton- son, Sallj Walker, Mercmy, &c., &c., have run about the same number. We have no recollection of any other — besides the famed gelding Leviathan, Black Maria, winner at twenty miles, and whose achievements have subsequently been so splendid — yet on the turf — her dam Lady Lightfoot — -perhaps her grandam Black Maria, by Shark — Polly Hopkins, Sally Hope, and Col- lier— that in the excellence and extent of their running, can bear any comparison to Ariel — certainly their superior in the latter respect. Of Lady Lightfoot tlie memoir is incomplete — she won three races in one week at Charleston, S. C. — beat the best horses in excellent time — was on the turf from three to eleven years old ; but a great portion of the time running with second- rate or broken-down horses — she may have won thirty races ; Polly HojDkins, from three to six years old, won 23 out of 30 races ; winning all her seven races the fall she was three years old, and beating the best horses, in the best time ; Sally Hope, from three to seven, won 22 out of 27 races ; 18 or 19 of them in succession, to the close of her career, beating the best horses, also in the best time. See Am. Turf Reg. vol, 3, p. 452.
In taking leave of the famed Ariel, with this exposition, we conceive ourselves justified in admitting her claims to an illus- trious lineage, and to our admiration, for performances that we think unparalleled on the pages of racing annals. — AQnerican Turf Register, vol. vi,, No. 1.
EDITORIAL NOTES.
* (P. 200.) We doubt the correctness of the pedigree of Figure on the dam's side. There is no Mariamne by Partner, but in vol. 1, page 427, of English Stud- Book, Mariamne foaled in 1748, by Lord Portmore's Victorious. We think the fol- lowing his correct pedigree : Mariamne, by Lord Portmore's Victorious — Partner — Richardson's Merlin (son of Old Merlin) Makeless — Burford Bull — Devonshire Arabian.
f (P. 201.) Imp. Pacolet's pedigree, as given in the American Turf Register, cannot be traced in the English Stud-Book. No such mare as Queen Mab, by Musgrove's Gray Arabian, can be found. Molly Pacolet, by Pacolet — son of Spark — was not out of his own sister Queen Mab, but was out of Whiteneck, by Crab, as given on page 198.
PEDIGREE,
CHARACTERISTICS AND PERFORMANCES OF BLACK MARIA.
The distinguislied subject of this memoir was bred by Cliarles Henry Hall, Esq., of Harlem, N. Y., and was foaled on the 15tli of June, 1826. At the age of seventeen months she was pur- chased by John C. Stevens, Esq., of this city, for $1,000, and remained in his hands during the whole of her long and brilliant racing career. She was got by American Eclipse, out of Lady Lightfoot, by Sir Archy — grand dam Black Maria by Imp. Shark — g, g. dam — the dam of Yingt'un — a celebrated race mare by Imp. Clockfast, a half-brother to Medley, by Gimcrack • — g. g. g. dam Burwell's Maria by Kegulus, etc.
Did our limits allow, we would gladly devote a few columns to the history of the illustrious ancestry of the subject of this memoir, but with the intention of making it the theme of ano- ther article at no distant day, we proceed to the discussion of the matter before us. We will remark, however, en passanty that Lady Lightfoot, the dam of Black Maria, was the most distinguished racer of her day, having won between twenty and thirty races, the majority at four-mile heats, and never having been beaten but once, except in her old age — her eleventh year — and then by Eclipse, on the Union Course. She was bred by the late Colonel John Tayloe, of Ya., and was foaled at Mr. Ogle's seat, Bel- Air, Pr. George's county, Md., in June, 1812. She was purchased by Mr. Hall in 1824, of Major Wm. Jones, of Oyster Bay, Long Island, and the late Dr. Alexander Hosack, of this city, for $1,500, with a bay filly at her foot. This filly, called Camilla, died January 5, 1825. Lady Lightfoot subse- quently produced,
LADY LIGHTFOOT's STOCK. 223
1825— Bl. c. Eclipse Lightfoot, by Am. Eclipse ; sold at 4 yrs. old for $1,500, to a
Co. in N. J. 1826 — ^Bl. f. Black Maria, by Eclipse, the subject of this memoir; sold at 12 yra.
old for $4,000. 182Y — Missed to Eclipse. 1828— Ch. f. Screamer, by Henry ; sold at 11 months old to W. Livingston, Esq.,
for $500. 1829 — Br. c. Terror, by Eclipse; sold at Y months old to the same gentleman for
$1,000. 1830— Bl. c. Shark, by Eclipse ; sold while on the turf to J. C. Craig, Esq., for
$17,500. 1831 — B. f. Bay Maria, by Eclipse ; sold at 4 yrs. old to Colonel W. Hampton, of
S. C, for $5,000. 1832 — Missed to Imp. Serab.
Drother, ) ipse, J 1
1834 — B. f. Young Lady Lightfoot, by EcUpse, ) the first has never been trained.
Lady Lightfoot died from the eflfects of a violent cold, two days after the last named filly was foaled. Of the sire of Black Maria — Eclipse — or of the sire of her dam — Sir Archy — nothing need be said, the latter standing unrivalled, as he does, as the sire of a host of winners, while Eclipse is equally unrivalled as a winner himself.
The grand dam of black Maria, another prodigy, was, if possi- ble, still more remarkable ; she united not only a great turn of speed to unflinching game, but she ran to her foui'teenih year. She was herself out of a celebrated race mare by Imported Shark, one of the best racers and stallions England ever pro- duced. She was first known as " Selden's Maria," and in her 3 yr. old form was sold to Mr. Alexander, for $2,000, an im- mense price in those days. In the same year, 1799, she was purchased jointly by the late Col. John Tayloe, of Virginia, and the late Gen. Wade Hampton, of South Carolina, to match Shark, and went into the stable of the latter, under the name of " Black Maria." Gen. H. soon after purchased Col. T.'s interest in her, and not only won his match, but carried oif every purse for which he entered her. Subsequently she passed into the hands of Col. "W". Alston, of S. C, who after running her a few seasons, sold her back again to Col. Tayloe, at 14 years of age, for $2,500, then the highest price ever paid for a brood mare.
The produce of no mare in America has ever realized for their owners, probably, so large an amount as Lady Lightfoot. Though the subject of this memoir was, beyond question, the
224 THE nORSE.
best of her produce, the performances of either Sliark or Bay Maria would alone entitle her to high consideration. Eclipse Lightfoot had a remarkable turn of speed, but being taken with the distemper, was thrown out of training, and soon afterwards sold to be put into the stud. Screamer, Terror, and Young Lady Lightfoot never particularly distinguished themselv^es, and the two last for very manifest reasons ; the first fell when 3 yrs. old, and received an injury in his thigh, of which he never entirely recovered, and the last from running with shoes on for two years, had her feet ruined ; we saw her not a week since, at her breed- er's stable, and on examining them, found them not only small and mis-shapen, but the frog on both fore feet was entirely gone ! Harlem Lass was specially bred for a brood mare, and never trained.*
Our portrait of Black Maria is pronounced on all hands to be a most striking and remarkable likeness. It was painted in 1834, near the close of her racing career, and at the termination of a severe campaign, when she was very low in flesh. Troye was unusually successful with his picture, and our clever en- gravers have been equally felicitous, as we are assured by Mr. Stevens, Mr. Hall, and several other gentlemen who were familiar with the subject of it. As "the old Black Mare" entertained some " vulgar prejudice " against " sitting for her portrait," Troye directed Bill Patrick, her faithful groom, to ride her out into a paddock in front of his window ; this pro- ceeding might be all very well for the painter- and for the mare, Bill thought, but as for him, he was inclined to ■•' sulk," after two hours' promenading ; so whipping off his saddle, he incon- tinently determined to hitch the mare and " bolt," for which disregard of orders and his lukewarmness in facilitating the progress of the Fine Arts, Troye clapped him into his picture in the very act of committing so grave an offence in the eye of a turfman or an artist, as hitching a race-horse to a tree ! Of course he will now go down through all time as the boy who was guilty of so unpardonable a sin, but for fear his punishment would be greater than he could bear, Troye, through urgent in-
* Harlem Lass, afterwards called Young Lady Lightfoot, produced Miss Light- fooi by imp. Trustee, late owned by Dr. L. A. Sayre, of New York. — Ed.
BLACK MAEIA. 225
tercession, was finally induced to remit a j^ortion of the punish- ment he had intended, by concealing his face.
Black Maria's name indicates her color ; her coat is a glossy jet, without a white mark, and her measurement, under the standard, is fifteen hands three inches. She " favors " Lady Lightfoot in tlie shape of her head, which is lighter than most of the get of Eclipse, taj)ering considerably towards the mouth ; she has very fine expressive eyes, and her ears are remarkably pretty ; her neck is delicate, well-shaped, and i*ather long, but not out of proportion to the length of her head, which is very well set on ; her neck comes out exceedingly well from her shoulders, which are broad and beautifully clean, t]iough not quite oblique enough to our taste ; on this point, however, " doctors difier." She rises very high in her withers ; her arms are long, and immensely powerful, with short and very flat cannon bones ; she has good knees, neat pasterns, and per- fectly shaped feet ; the great depth of her chest allows free res- piration, her brisket falling down much in the style of old Eclipse ; taken altogether, forehanded, she is almost faultless, combining the best points of both her dam and sire. When we saw her last — now a year since — she was greatly filled out, with well rounded fore and back ribs, and a better proportioned barrel than she generally exhibited in training ; she was wont to be rather light, and considerably tucked up in the flank, though now and then she was in this respect a perfect model ; the principal objection to her was ever her great length of car- cass. Her coupling does not indicate that ability to take up her weight and go a distance, which her performances have so signally demonstrated — another proof that horses run in all forms. She has arched loins, with good but rather drooping quarters — very muscular thighs, and gaskins of prodigious strength, and clean hocks, coming well down to the ground. Tlie only two points about iier that might justly be found fault with, consist of the unsightly " Bedford hump " between her hips, and her baiTel, which is too long and too light. It has been urged that the peculiar conformation of most of the Eclipse and Lady Lightfoot stock induces curbs ; however it may have been with the others, the two Marias exhibit as beautifully formed limbs as ever supported a high-mettled racer. Black Vol. I.— 15
226 THE nOESE.
Maria's style of going was remarkably strong and steady, and lier stride was tremendous ; in brushing, she covered twenty- four feet at a stroke. That she nnited unflinching game, and a remarkable turn of speed, to that particularly fine idea of " per- petual motion " which characterized her illustrious ancestry, the subjoined record of her performances will abundantly de- monstrate. Baxter, who brought Dosoris and Fordham to the post for their maiden races in such superb condition, was her first trainer, and Alfred Conover, the present capital trainer of Mr. Kobert L. Stevens, had the honor of first throwing his leg over her back. She won her first four-mile race in the hands of Frederick, " the yellow man," and subsequently was trained by John Buckley, David Palmer, and Flintoff, though Buckley trained her for most of her great races.
1829. Union Course, Long Island, Saturday, Oct. S— Produce Match, $5,000 each, h. ft., Two-mile
heats. John C. Stevens' bl. f. Black Maria, by Eclipse, out of Lady Lightfoot by Sir Archy, 3 yrs.
87 lbs 11
Col. Wm. B. Johnson's br. c. Brilliant, by Sir Archy, out of Bet Bounce— Arab's dam— by
imp. Sir Harry, 3 yrs. 90 lbs 2 2
Time, 4.01— 3.5S. Track heavy.
Tliis match was made on blood, before either animal was foaled, and naturally excited a good deal of interest. It was IN'ortli versus South again. It being the first appearance of both performers, little or nothing was known, even by " men of business," of the speed or endurance o( either. Maria looked like " a good 'un," but then Brilliant was brought to the post by that first-rate judge and crack trainer. Col. Johnson, who showed he knew a " hawk from a handsaw," by ofi'ering to pay $1750 to be ofi"; but this was "no go"— t'other party "know'd sum'ut " too, and wouldn't bite. The Colonel knew the black lady to be well-born and well-bred ; but thinking she might i turn out, as many others with the same advantages have done, no better than she should be, he determined, rather than pay the $2,500, to start Brilliant, and so " threw the helve after the hatchet." The pace for the first mile was " as slow as foot could fall," and for three-quarters of the second it was any thing but a racing one. At the quarter stake Brilliant let loose, and gained two or three lengths by the rush. This awoke the boy
BLAGJi MARIA AND BRILLIANT. 227
upon IVIaria, and lie waked np the filly with six or eight such first-rate " eye openers," as brought her, at a slapping pace, three or four lengths ahead, at the ending post. Time, 4.01. The filly's taking the string to win the heat in such bad time, led the backers of Brilliant to believe that his "good fix" would tell in the next heat, and so they were "all alive and kicking." In going off the second heat, the " persuaders " were applied to Brilliant from the score, and continued " ever and anon." The pace for the first mile was respectable ; but it was evident the mare was going too much at her ease to bode any good to the horse. She was kept well together, and ready at any moment for a rally. The boy on Brilliant tried what cutting would do, but it was of no service. This diamond, though of the Yirginia water, shone none the brighter for it. In the last half mile, the horse knocked up, from being overworked in the first, and the " Coal Black Hose " won without a struggle in 3.58. After the race, Col. Johnson was persuaded, by a gentle- man from Quebec, to throw this pearl away for a thousand dol- lars ; he has since been a winner in Canada. Within a few months he has been purchased by James M. Beall, Esq., of Rus- sell ville, Ky., for $2,000, and will stand at that place next season. The betting, when the horses were stripped, was gen- erally about equal, the Southern horse being rather the favorite with a limited party. The track was very heavy.
1829. Same course, Oct. 8 — Jockey Club Purse, $400, free for all ages, 3 yr. olds carrying 90 Ibs.^ 4, 104 — 5, 114 — 6, 121 — 7 and upwards, 126 lbs. ; mares, fillies and geldings allowed 3 lbs. Three- mile heats.
John C. Stevens' bl. f. Black Maria, by Eclipse, out of Lady Lightfoot, 3 yrs. . . .11
Maj. Wm. Jones's ch. m. Lady Flirt, by Hickory, dam by Duroc, 6 yrs 2 2
Smith Freeman's ch. h. Sir Charles, by Duroc, out of Maria Slamerkln, by Bond's First
Consul, 5 yrs. 3 dist
Time, 5.59—6.12.
Black Maria took the lead from the start, was never headed, and won in a canter. Lady Flirt is still in Major Jones's breed- ing stud on Long Island, and is the dam of his Andrew filly Fidget, and some other young things.
1830. Same course, Monday, May 10 — Sweepstakes for all ages, weights as before. Three sub- scribers at one thousand dollars each, P. P. Four miles.
Col. Wm. E. Johnson's b. m. Slender, by Sir Charles, out of Reality, by Sir Archy, 5 yrs. . . 1
John C. Stevens' bl. f. Black Maria, by Eclipse, out of Lady Lightfoot, 4 yrs 3
Walter Livingston's gr. m. Betsey Ransom, by Virginian, out of Favorite, by Bel- Air, 6 yrs. . • Time, 7.58. * Broke down.
228 THE HOESE.
Slender was the favorite at odds against the fiekl. During the training of Betsey Ransom, the fall prcvions, she liad let down in the hack sinew of one fore leg, and was then pui chased, by Mr. Livingston, as nnsound. By the aid of blisters, and that grand specific of nature, rest^ she had, to appearance, so far sur- mounted this accident as to induce Mr. Livingston, prior to the 1st of January, 1830, to nominate her for this stake ; but unfor- tunately, her leg conld not stand the exercise required to get four mile length into her. She complained much — her work was of necessity curtailed, and her gallops, at times, discon- tinued. She came to the post by much too high in flesh, and her leg much swollen — it was madness to start her. Black Maria fell far short of tip-top ordei*, while Slender was all and all the thing. Tlie race is thus described.
" They got oif well together, Maria taking the lead, followed closely by Betsey Ransom — Slender trailing a little. Li this way they went along at a clever rate, all in hand, for the first mile and a quarter, each waiting for the other to make play. Li going down the back stretch in the second mile, Slender let out a little, lapped Betsey, and ran up to Maria, whose rider set her upon her legs, and all three went the pace, until they arrived at the rise of the ground, at the termination of the straight run, on the back side. Here Billy Clark took the bay mare firmly in hand, while Maria led round the north turn, with Betsey close up. When they entered upon the quarter stretch, toward the termination of the second round. Slender again let out, and all came up the straight run at a rattling rate, the black mare still leading the gray in her former position, and the bay still waiting upon them. Thus they entered upon the third mile, and passed round the south turn. "When they arrived at the commencement of the straight run, on the back part, it was evident that Betsey faltered — her fine regular stride was gone — she clambered, and was all abroad. Slender passed in her steady stroke. Betsey continued to drop rapidly, and, being completely let down, was stopped, near the termination of the third mile. Maria and Slender were now going the last mile, and had advanced full half way round the first turn ; the latter collected and in hand, ready for a dash. As soon as they com- menced the stretch, on the back side, she made play, ran up and
BLACK MARIA AND SLENDER. 229
Challenged, and a sharp rally ensued for about sixty rods. But the set-to commenced too early ; the distance home too long for Maria to live through ; the length began to tell, and although the boy got well at her, it would not do. Slender came in front at the end of the straight side, and swept boldly round the last turn. The black mare's chance was now out, while the bay entered upon the last quarter stretch in good style, winning in a canter. — Time, Y.58."
Slender, the beautiful winner of this race, was killed the May following, by an accident received in a race with Collier and Eliza Tteilly, at Norfolk, Va. It occurred on tlie 25tli May, in running four-mile lieats. The three entries were locked in the second mile. Slender having the inside track ; when all three were making play for the lead, Slender struck one of her feet against the railing, and fell. The shock was so great as to deprive her of all motion, and she lay apparently lifeless on the track, whence slie was immediately removed, and every effort made to revive her ; but it appeared, upon examination, that the spine was broken, and that she had received some internal hurts, which rendered recovery impossible ; she died at 10 o'clock the same night. Her fate excited general sympath}^, and a deep-felt regret in the gallant turfman to whom this fine animal belonged. To him her nominal value was of little con- sequence, but she was a favorite. Her rider escaped unhurt.
Betsey Ransom, now owned by Robert L. Stevens, Esq., of this city, he sent out to England, in company with his celebrated mare Polly Hopkins, in October, 1834. They went out in foal to Eclipse ; Polly Hopkins dropped a colt, and Betsey Ransom a filly foal, which were imported in their yearling form. The filly, called Jessica, Mr. Stevens sold last season, and she is now owned in Missouri ; Mr. P. C. Bush ran her with credit at the fall meeting of the St. Louis Jockey Club, over the Sulphur Springs Course. In England the two mares were bred to the most fashionable stallions of the day ; in 1837 a yearling filly by Priam — since imported — and another by Emilius came over, and shortly afterwards Betsey Ransom herself; slie was bred last year to Mr. John C. Stevens' Dosoris, while Polly Hopkins was stinted to Plenipo, and still remains abroad.
230 THE HORSE.
1830. Dutchess County Course, Poughkeepsie, N. T., "Wednesday, May 19— Jockey Club Puree, $800, free for all ages ; weights as on the Union Course. Three-milo heats.
Maj. Wm. Jones's ch. id. Lady Flirt, by Hickory, dam by Duroc, aged 11
John C. Stevens' bl. f. Black Maria, by Eclipse, out of Lady Lightfoot, 4 yrs. ... 22
Gen. Bedell's b. f. Jeannett, by Eclipse, dam by , 4 yrs * *
Wm. H. Minge's b. c. Mayday, by Sir Archy, dam by Hornet, 4 yrs * *
Time, 6.00 each heat.
!No particulars of tliis race have come to our knowledge, otherwise than that it was said to have been " won handily." The Jeannett, run by Gen. Bedell, must not be confounded with Mr. Stevens' Janettc, own sister to Sir Charles. Mayday was standing at Buckingham Court House, Ya., in 1837, since which we have lost sight of him.
T30. Same course, Thursday, Oct. 7 — Jockey Club Purse, $500, free for all ages, weights as before. Four-mile heats.
John C. Stevens' bl. f. Black Maria, by Eclipse, out of Lady Lightfoot, 4 yrs 11
Jos. H. Van Mater's ch. c. Leopold, by Oscar, out of Katydid, by imp. Expedition, 4 yrs. . 3 2
John Buckley's ch. m. Lady Hunter, by Duroc, out of Lady Eichmond, by Eagle, 6 yrs. . 2 S
Maj. Wm. Jones's ch. m. Lady Flirt, by Hickory, dam by Duroc, aged, dist
Time, 7.53—8.05.
A very fine race between Leopold and Lady Hunter, neither being able to put up the winner, who won cleverly at her ease. Leopold is now standing in Illinois, and promises to distinguish himself. Lady Hunter is beneath the turf. It will be seen that Lady Flirt, who beat Black Maria in her previous race, was dis- tanced by her in this with ease.
1830. Same course, Wednesday, Oct. 27 — Jockey Club Purse, $500, conditions as before. Four- mile heats.
John C. Stevens' bl. f. Black Maria, by Eclipse, out of Lady Lightfoot, 4 yrs. . . .11
Jos. H. Van Mater's ch. c. Leopold, by Oscar, out of Katydid, 4 yrs 2 2
Mr. Parker's gr. m. Peggy Madee, by Sir Hal, dam by Sir Archy, aged 5 8
Thos. Pearsall's ch. m. Medora, by Rattier, out of Sport's-mistress by Hickory, 4 yrs. . 3 4
J. Buckley's ch. m. Lady Hunter, by Duroc, out of Lady Eichmond, 6 yrs 4 5
Time, 7.56—7.53.
A capital race, all out and doing their best from end to end, save the winner, who cut out the work with a long rating stroke, and never was headed in either heat. Peggy Madee, when we last heard of her, was in the breeding stud of Henry Maclin, Esq., of Yirginia.
1831. Union Course, L. I., Thursday, May 12 — Jockey Club Purse, $600, conditions as before. Four-mile heats.
Col. Wm. E. Johnson's gr. f. Bonnets o' Blue, by Sir Charles, out of Eeality, by Sir Archy,
4 yrs 11
John C. Stevens' bl. m. Black Maria, by Eclipse, out of Lady Lightfoot 5 yrs. . . 2 2
pr. Alex. Hosack's ch. h. St. George, by Eclipse, 5 yrs ... dlst.
Time, 7.57—8.22.
BONNETS o' BLUE. 231
Bonnets o' Blue, a very superior race mare, promises to be- come equally celebrated in the breeding stud. She is now the property of William Gibbons, Esq., of Madison, IST. J., who has colts from her by Shark and imp. Trustee ; the former at a year old was very bloodlike, and as promising a yearling as we ever saw ; he makes his debut in the spring, and though a little under-sized, promises to confer credit upon his illustrious ances- try. If our memory serves us, Mr. Gibbons paid Col. Johnson $2,500 for Bonnets o' Blue, after she was withdrawn from the turf. 'No particulars of this race are furnished by the Tuif Register or journals of the day. Dr. Hosack's St. George was of no account.
1831. Dutchess County Course, Poughkeepsie, N. T., Thursday, May 26 — Jockey Club Purse,
$500, free for all ages, weights as before. Four-mile heats. John C. Stevens' bl. m. Black Maria, by Eclipse, out of Lady Lightfoot, 5 yrs. , . .11 Jos H.. Van :Mater's ch. c. Mark Eichards, by John Pachards, dam by Eevenge, 4 yrs. . 2 2
J. 8. Snedeker's gr. h. Splendid, by Duroc, out of Empress, aged 8 *
Time, 8.17— 8.30. * Broke down.
The track was very heavy, and neither of the other entries were able to push the winner, who led from end to end, Mark Richards has since stood for mares, and if we mistake not. Splendid is yet a stallion at the South-west. Some of the former's stock we have seen, but cannot say much for them.
1881. Same course, Thursday, Oct. 6 — Jockey Club Purse, $500, conditions as before. Four-mile
heats. Col. Wm. Wynn's b. c. James Cropper, by Sir Charles, dam by Whip, 4 yrs. . . .12 1 John C. Stevens' bl. m. Black Maria, by Eclipse, out of Lady Lightfoot, 5 yrs. . . 2 12 Time, 8.01—8.04—8.07. Track heavy.
Cropper was the favorite at long odds, the mare being amiss. Each heat was desperately contested, Cropper winning the first heat by a neck only, after being spurred all the w^ay up the straight side. Betting now ten to one on him. Black Maria won the second heat by two lengths, having a different jockey on her back ; the one who rode her the first was oblifjed to carry a heavy hag of sand to make up his weight. The issue of the third heat was put upon a brush by Maria, and she lost it by a throatlatch merely ; two more strokes would have " done the trick." James Cropper, at our last accounts of him, was Btanding in Nottoway county, Ya.
232 THE HORSE.
1881. Central Course, Baltimore, Md., "Wednesday, Oct. 26— Post Stake for all ages, 3 yr. olds to carry 86 lbs.— 4, 100—5, 110—6, US— 7 and upwards, 124 lbs. allowing 3 lbs. to marcs and geld- ings. Six subscribers at $500 each, to ivbicli the proprietor added $1,000. Four-mile heats. John C. Stevens' bl. m. Black Maria, by Eclipse, out of Lady LIghtfoot, 5 yrs. . .511 Col. John P. "White's ch. h. Collier, by Sir Charles, dam by Whip, 5 yrs. . . . 3 2 2 Col. "W. E. Johnson's b. m. Virginia Taylor, by Sir Archy, out of Coquette, 5 yrs. . .13 8 Col. "Wm. "Wynn's b. c. James Cropper, by Sir Charles, dam by "Whip, 4 yrs. . . 4 4*
Gen. C. Irvine's ch. c. Busiris, by Eclipse, out of Grand Duchess, 4 yrs 6 dist.
Dr. Wm. n. Minge's b. f Eliza Eeilly, by Sir Archy, out of Bet Bounce, 4 yrs. . . 2 dr. Time, 8.03—8.10—8.03. * Broke down.
•' Goclolpliin," a favorite correspondent of the " Turf Regis- ter" at the time, gives lis the annexed report of this fine race : —
" The amount of the purse, the reputation of the horses, to- gether "v\-itli the concourse assembled to "witness it, gave to this race an interest scarcely inferior to that excited by the contest between Henry and Eclipse. The course, from the surrounding hills, had the appearance of a vast amphitheatre. Its whole area seemed covered with equipages — some of them very splen- did— mingled with troops of well-dressed men, on foot and on horseback. The sun shone with more than his usual splendor — there was not a cloud to be seen — Heaven and the ladies smiled upon the first efi'orts of the Maryland Jockey Club. How, then, could they fail ? Their immense pavilions were crowded with spectators, collected from every State in the Union. Tlie one api^ropriated to the ladies was occupied by hundreds of the gay and beautiful of that sex, without whose smiles, the flowers of the brightest wreaths ever wove for victory would fade and be valueless. Their presence was felt as a security for the ob- servance of those rules, the slightest violation of which would have been deemed a disgrace too deep for a gentleman, and too dangerous for a ruffian to encounter.
" The horses were mounted, and got off well together at a few minutes after one o'clock. Eliza Eeilly came out of the crowd and took the lead down the back stretch, followed at dif- ferent distances by the othei's. In the last mile she was tackled by Virginia Taylor, who beat her the heat by a length in 8,03. What Collier and Cropper did, or meant to do, nobody could guess, as they appeared to change their minds some half dozen of times, running at one moment, and pulling at another. Busiris dropt just within his distance. The boy on Black Maria was ordered to do the same ; but, maugre his utmost exertions,
COLLIER AND ELIZA EEILLT. 233
and his I'unning rein, she came within a 7nil6 distance of the winning horse. Had she broke away with him in the last half inile — which I expected every minute to see — she would have won the heat in spite of his teeth. The heat varied the betting but little. It was still, as at the commencement, Collier against Cropper — Collier against the field — Cropper against the black mare — the field against either, &c., &c.
" For the second heat five started, Eliza lieilly being drawn. The first three miles of this heat was done in a gallop, neither seeming anxious to make play. At the end of the third mile Maria took the track, and kept it at a killing pace, winning easily in 8.10. Collier second, and Busiris distanced. This bout changed the complexion of things. It was now Maria against the field, and no takers.
" Four stripped for the third heat ; but the way in which the black mare cooled out, showed to those who knew a hawk from a handsaw, that the jig was up, barring accident. It was a side of bacon to a sour apple — no bad thing, as the stable boys, as well as myself, can vouch. That, together with the corn bread, stuck so close to the ribs of Gil and Ralph, that four ounces of salts had no effect on either, except to harden the corn bread and the bacon, and render them four ounces heavier, instead of four pounds — the difiference between iN^orthern and Southern weights — lighter. Maria took the lead and kept it, winning easily in 8.03 — as hard as Ealph could pull her. Cropper broke down in the third mile."
Collier stood at the Madison Course, Ky., last season. Busiris, for several seasons, has been covering in Pennsylvania, quite " out of the world," as regards thoroughbred mares, though a very capital horse ; he ought to be sent to a " race-horse region." At the sale of Mr. Minge's stock last October, Eliza Reilly was sold to J. H. Williamson, Esq., of Virginia. Virginia Taylor, who soon after this race passed into the hands of the late Mr. Craig, of Philadelphia, is now the property of Dr. George Mc- Clellan, of that city.
1S31. Same course, Saturday, Oct. 23— Jockey Club Purse, $700, free for all ages, weights as be- fore. Four-mile heats.
Col. Wm. E. Johnson's ch. f. Trifle, by Sir Charles, dam by Cicero, 3 yrs 11
John C. Stevens' bl. m. Black Maria, by Eclipse, out of Lady Lightfoot, 5 yrs. ... 22
CoL J. P. White's ch. h. Collier, by Sir Charles, dam by Whip, 5 yrs. . . ... 8 3
l)r. John Minge's b. h. Mayday, by Sir Archy, dam by Hornet, 5 yrs. . . • . 4 4 Time, S.OO — 7.55. Track heavy.
234
THE HORSE.
The following spirited account of tliis race is from the same correspondent.
" Two to one on Maria against the field and few takers. She was known to have fed but little, and to be somewhat stiff and sore from her race of Wednesday, still it was thought there was enough left in her to beat Collier, Mayday, and an untried 3-year-old of 14 hands high. The start was a good one. Col- lier and Mayday had the track for the first two miles and a half, closely followed by Maria and Trifle ; Maria then came in front and kept the lead to the turn in the last half mile, when, to the astonishment of every body, Trifle made a brush and Avent by her two or three lengths. Ealpli was all abroad, and did not know whether he was on his head or his heels. YVhalebone and catgut could only bring the mare to a lap at the ending post. Trifle w^on the heat in 8.00. Collier and Mayday laid up. This heat, though it varied the betting on the black mare, did not discourage the friends of Collier, who backed him to win against cither the mare or Trifle. Maria came to the post for the second heat perfectly cooled out, and looking still like a winner ; but she was observed to be a little lame, and to feel in lier feet the eftects of her former race. Collier and Mayday were but little distressed, and Trifle came from the hands of Col. Selden's trainer in perfect condition. The four stripped again at the usual interval — which at the South is forty-five minutes. Collier and Mayday made the running for the first two miles, when Maria's steady stride brought her alongside, and in the next half mile ahead of both. The black mare kept the track, dropping Collier and Mayday fast, and followed at a short dis- tance by Trifle, who had also headed the other two. In round- ing the turn in the last half mile. Trifle again challenged, and again went by the mare, in the same place and in the same style as in the former heat, evincing no signs of tire, and win- ning by a length in 7.55. She kept up her stride, and showed an endurance that astonished those who witnessed this extra- ordinar}'- performance. In this heat Black Maria ran her twentieth mile of that week in 1.53."
Trifle came out in the spring of this year, and i-an on to the end of the campaign of 1831:, during which she started twenty- four times and won eighteen races — sixteen of them purses, at
TEIFLE. 235
three and four-mile heats — netting for lier owner $14,380. She has never been put in condition since first withdrawn from the turf, though " taken up " to train several times. Siie dropped a very fine br. filly foal by Star in 1837, and is now stinted to imp. Priam ; she still remains the property of Col. Johnson of Virginia, and Capt. David H. Branch, of the Union Course, L. I. Charlotte Russe, an own sister of hers, coming five years, the property of Col. Wade Hampton of South Carolina, promises to add another chaplet to the brow of Sir Charles, by her brilliant performances ; after winning at the South in the winter of 1837, she was placed in the stable of the " ISTapoleon," who brought her to the ITorth with Boston, and she finished the campaign by winning a four-mile purse on the Beacon Course. The same chivalrous gentleman is also the owner of Bay Maria, an own sister of the subject of this memoir, and a distinguished winner at four-mile heats. To the great regret of her Northern friends. Col. Hampton withdrew her from the turf at the close of her five-year-old year, after she had won three Jockey Club Purses in South Carolina at four-mile heats, within about as many weeks. She was without a blemish when put into the stud, and is the most beautiful brood mare we ever saw ; a filly she dropped last season to imp. Powton is considered a nonpareil.
1832. Dutchess County Course, Poughkeepsie, N. T., Thursday, May 17 — Jockey Cluh Purse, $500, free for all ages, 3 yr. olds 90 lbs. — 1, 104—5, 114—6, 121—7 and upwards, 126 Yds., mares and geldings being allowed 3 lbs. Four-mile heats. John C. Stevens' bl. m. Black Maria, by Eclipse, out of Lady Lightfoot, 6 yrs. . , .11
J. H. Forman's b. c. Uncle Sam, by John Richards, dam by Cscar, 4 yrs 4 2
Thos. Pearsall's ch. m. Medora, by Rattler, out of Sporfs-mistress, 6 yrs 5 3
Mr. Abbott's bl. h. Rising Sun, by Eclipse, dam by Plato, 5 yrs 3 4
Jos. U. Van Mater's gr. f. Jane Grey, by Orphan Boy, out of Rosalind, by Oscar, 4 yrs. . . 2 dr.
Time, 8.0S— 8.16.
The track was very heavy from rain, having been ploughed the fall previous. Maria won without a struggle, Uncle Sam having bolted in the last mile of the second heat, notwitlistand- ing which he came in second. We recollect seeing him adver- tised to stand for mares in a Maryland paper a year or two since. Medora, a very fine brood mare, is now the property of AValter Livingston, Esq., of this city, and is the dam of liis colt Nassau ; he was nominated with Job in the great $44,000 stake run over the Union Course last spring, for which he was a fa-
236 THE HORSE,
vorite, but broke out with the distemper a few days before the race, and was not started during the season.
1832. Union Course, L. I., "Wednesday, May 23— Jockey Club Purse, $500, conditions as at Pough-
keepsie. Four-mile heats.
Bela Badger's b. h. Flying Dutchman, by John Richards, dam by Eclipse, 5 yrs. . . .11
Jos. II. Van Mater's gr. f. Jane Grey, by Orphan Boy, out of Eosalind, 4 yrs. ... 32
John C. Stevens' bl. m. Black Maria, by Eclipse, out of Lady Lightfoot, 6 yrs. . . .28
Time, 8.05 — S.08. Track very heavy from rain.
The betting was general at 100 to 25 on Black Maria, amorous notions in whose head interfered with the swiftness of her heels ; she was so desperately enamored with the Dutch- man, that she could not be induced to pass him. Long odds were offered on her for the race, even after the first heat. After Mr. Badger's death — some three years since — Flying Dutchman was sold to go West, with Priam — by John Kichards — and an- other stallion.
1832. Dutchess County Course, Poughkeepsio, N. T., Thursday, Oct. 4 — Jockey Club Purse, $300,
conditions as before. Three mile heats. John C. Stevens' bl. m. Black Maria, by Eclipse, out of Lady Lightfoot, 6 yrs. . .211
Dr. E. A. Darcy's ch. m. Lady Relief, by Eclipse, out of Maria Slamerkin, 5 yrs. . . 12 3
A. Sherman's ch. h. De Witt Clinton, by Rattler, out of Matilda, 4 yrs 8 8 2
Time, 6.02—5.55—5.55.
Black Maria not being quite up to the mark, Mr. Stevens entered her for the three-mile, and O'Kelly, instead, for the four- mile purse, and thereby w^on both cleverly. O'Kelly, then five years old, beat Jane Grey and De AVitt Clinton, and soon after- wards passed into the hands of Col. Johnson, of Yirginia, for $5,500. Col. Johnson disposed of him soon after at a handsome advance, to a Tennessee turfman. Mr. A. T. ]^olan advertised him to stand at Franklin, Tenn,, in 1836 ; his new owners brought him on the turf again last season, in his eleventh year, and considering " the hardships he had passed," his performance was highly respectable. De Witt Clinton is still the property of Mr. Brooks, of Ovid, Seneca county, IST. Y., who purchased him of Mr. Sherman, and he is now standing at Columbus, Ohio.
1832. Union Course, L. I., Saturday, Oct. 1.3— Jockey Club Purse, $600, conditions as before. Four
mile heats. John C. Stevens' bl. Black Maria, by Eclipse, out of Lady Lightfoot, 6 yrs. .10 2 2 1 Dr. E. A. Darcy's ch. m. Lady Relief, by Eclipse, out of Maria Slamerkin, 5 yrs. 3 8 3 12 John C. Craig's ch. f. Trifle, by Sir Charles, dam by Cicero, 4 yrs. . . .2018 difit
Bela Badger's— John C. Tillotson's— b. f. Slim, by Flying Childers, out of Molly
Longlegs, by Uarwood, 4 yrs 4 dist.
Time, 8.06— 7.55— 8.13— 8.39— 8.4T.
THE TWENTY-MILE KACE. 237
Several interesting reports of this remarkable race have been jDnblished, but tlie most accurate and graphic one that has met our eje was penned by a distinguished member of the !New York bar — a gentleman whose taste and judgment in everj thing pertaining to horse-flesh, is only equalled by the extent and variety of his legal acquirements. It appeared as a communication in the " Turf Register," in the number for De- cember, 1832, and was to the following effect ; —
" After the horses were brought upon the ground, much anxiety was exhibited as to the event of the coming contest ; and the interesting little Trifle appeared to be the favorite among the betters, as well as the spectators. — ' Five to four. Trifle against the field,' was current betting ; and 'five to three, Trifle against Black Maria,' were repeatedly off'ered and refused. Indeed, this ofispring of the far-famed Lady Lightfoot seemed to have but few friends or well-wishers, comjjaratively speaking ; and bets were repeatedly off'ered that she would not take a heat. Prepossessions, in favor of the Southern mare, appeared to exist among a decided majority of the spectators ; and, as she was foaled ' south of Mason and Dixon's line,' it seemed a matter of course that she was to win. Indeed, if unfailing spirits, beauty of form, and a peculiar quietness of manner, could supply the defect of size. Trifle would not be considered as such in any thing but name. She is race-horse in every just sense of the word, but a race-horse of the smallest pattern — not over four- teen hands and a half high — of just proportions, undoubted bottom, and considerable jDower. Her color a bright chestnut, with a blaze, indicating spirit and blood.
" Black Maria, in size and general appearance, is in all re- spects unlike her rival, as is well known to Southern, as well as l!^orthern sportsmen. Her color is indicated by her name ; and her great size, strength and stride, show her a worthy daughter of a noble sire. Indeed, in her the blood of Eclipse and Lady Lightfoot are in no way disgraced, as this race Avill most fully prove.
" Lady Kelief and Slim were almost unknown to fame ; but certain individuals present were aware that the former had, upon a previous occasion, won the last half of sixteen miles ; and they looked for sport, unexpected by others, if it should
238 THE HORSE,
happen that the two first heats were not taken either by Trifle or Maria. The latter, it was known, had the/bo^ of Relief; as they met on the first of the month at Ponghkeepsie, and con- tended together for the three-mile purse, which was taken by Maria with great ease. As the trumpet sonnded for the horses to come np to the starting-post, they severally appeared, exhibit- ing their various tempers by their individual behavior. Black Maria — who had the inside track — showed neither alarm nor anxiety. She was as calm and unimpassioned as if she had been a mere spectator ; and this coldness of demeanor won no ' golden opinions ' among the lookers-on. Trifle exhibited high spirits, brought down to their proper level by judicious break- ing and training. A slight tremor ran through her frame ; and an impatient lifting of the fore foot, now and then, showed that she was alive to the coming struggle.
" Lady Relief, on the contrary, was all fire and animation — ready to break away from her groom, and dash through all ob- stacles for the sake of victory.
" Slim exhibited an impatient spirit, and seemed, by her anxiety, to show herself a descendant from that Childers who always ran — at least on our course — without ' whip or spur.'
" At the tap of the drum the four went off well together, Relief taking the lead within the first quarter, closely followed by Sliri), then by Trifle, and last, but not least^ by Black Maria. The first mile indicated a waiting race^ as all the riders had their horses under the hardest pull ; each seeming desirous that his antagonists should take the lead. Trifle, impatient at such trifling^ began to make play, and this aroused Black Maria, who was trailing along quietly, behind the whole. With a few huge strides, she brought herself up to the front, passed the whole before she came to the judges' stand, followed closely by the gallant little Trifle, who ' stuck to ' her like an accompanying phantom. At the beginning of the third mile the leading nags made play, and during the whole of it Maria held the lead, fol- lowed closely by Trifle ; while Relief and Slim were — and, as we believe, not willingly — at a most respectable distance in the rear.
" After passing the judges' stand and entering upon the fourth mile, and after compassing the turn, upon the southerly
THE FIRST HEAT. 239
side of the course, Trifle ' made a dash ' at Maria, and ran her so hard down the descending ground upon the straiglit side, that her sable antagonist — perhaps not unwillingly — gave up the track, which was taken bj the Southern lady, and kept, with apparent ease, round the turn, until you come to that part of the course which looks up towards the judges' stand. Here, at a moment when all opinions had given Trifle the heat, as a ' safe thing that could not be missed,' Maria ' went at her,' and, before you could count one, she shot by Trifle like an arrow, and won the heat with ease ; there being a considerable gap between herself and Trifle, and a much greater one between the latter and the hindmost horses.
" Here then was disappointment on all sides. Black Maria, that was not ' to take a heat,' or who, at all events, had not/bo^ enough to brush with the speedy little Trifle, had beat the field, in the last quarter, in what she was not supposed to possess ; namely, speed. Indeed, we think that the rider of Trifle com- mitted a mistake in making his dash at Maria at the beffinnine: of tlie fourth mile. As he had commenced a trailing race, his obvious policy was to wait until he came to the last turn ; then run up to his antagonist upon ground where he had a decided advantage, from the size and form of his horse, and finally make ' his run ' upon the straight side, coming in. Had he followed this course in the first heat — as he did in the second — we miofht possibly have had a different tale to tell ; for his little nag obeys the spur well, and is a hard one to beat upon a brush. But, by running at Maria on the northerly side of the course, he dis- tressed his mare, enabled his antagonist to come round the turn under a strong pull, and make a run at him at the very moment when he was least prepared for it. The result has already been shown. Time, first heat, 8.06.
" It may be here remarked, that in consequence of the rains, which had prevailed for several days previous to the race, the course, although good, was unusually heavy ; so much so, as to make a difi'erence of several seconds, probably, in the time of a four-mile heat. The top of the ground was not perfectly firm, and, consequently, the foothold of the horses was yielding and insecure. On a hard track, the time of each heat would have been considerably reduced.
240 THE HOKSE.
" ISrotwithstanding the unexpected success of Maria, she seemed still to have but few real admirers ; although her owner and his friends stood manfully by her, and kept their spirits up to the betting point. Trifle was still the favorite, and it M^as a settled thing, 'at all events,' that Maria was not to 'win the money.' Lady Eelief, at this moment, had not attracted much attention, except from one circumstance. Her saddle — which was a very small one — slipped from under her rider, who, never- theless— as his girths had not parted — stoutly kept his seat upon lier Ijare hack — his feet in the stirrups, with the saddle before him ! It was observed, however, that she ran with great spirit ; and what she might do, the wise ones could not tell.
" At the start for the second heat Black Maria appeared calm — as is usual with her — while Tritie and Lady Eelief were all animation. They went off as if this heat was to be won by running, instead of waiting, as in the first heat ; Eelief taking the lead, followed by Slim, then by Tritie, while Black Maria brought up the rear. Ere they had accomplished one mile, however. Trifle had passed Eelief and Slim, while Black Maria, taking advantage of the rising ground, as you come up to the judges' stand, thundered by them all, with her long strides, and took up her station in front, closely followed by Trifle, whilst the others again dropped behind. Lideed, the pace at which they were running seemed so unreasonable to Miss Slim, that she concluded that she would not keep such company any longer ; and, as she could not run away from them by pursuing , her course upon the track, she very wisely abandoned it alto- gether, at the end of the third — seventh — mile, and quietly walked off the course. Maria, in the mean time, led Trifle, with apparent ease, round the second, third, and fourth miles, until yon come to the ' run in.' And here her rider, instead of giv- ing her the ' persuaders,' to make ' assurance doubly sure,' turned his head round to look for his antagonist ; and he was not long in finding her ; for Trifle, close at his heels, went at him up the straight side, whip and spur, gradually gaining at every step. Maria's rider begins to ' look wild.' She is at her throat-latch, and the judges' stand not six feet off. She makes a desperate efibrt, and head and head they pass the stand — a dead heat ! Time, 7.55.
THE THIKD HEAT. 241
" Here, agcain, all were at fault. One party were crying out to the rider of Maria, ' Why did you not stir yourself ! One blow of the whip, before you came to the distance jDost, would have won the race.' ' I had no whip, sir ; Maria won't bear it. It discourages her. She must run under a pull, with the spur as an admonisher.' Again a thousand rumors were afloat. Trifle was as gay as a bird — in no way distressed. She had ^j?osed the ' big 'un,' who looked, as imagination said, ' both sick and sorry.' It was a 'safe thing,' and 'Black Maria can't win — she's done up' — M^ent round like wild fire, from mouth to mouth.
" In the mean lime. Lady Eelief was little thought of; but a Jerseyman was heard to say, ' We'll show 'em some of the Eclipse ^Z-MC^ yet, before we've done.' At the sounding of the Trumpet for the third heat, Trifle and Eelief came up in great spirits, while Black Maria seemed in no way ambitious of an- other trial. But she's always cool ; and, as her mode of start- ing is reluctant and slow, nothing can be safely argued from her spirits.
" At the tap of the drum. Trifle and Relief went ofi" from the score, leaving Maria some distance behind. In the course of the first mile, however, she lessened the gap between herself and the leading horses, and got well up to them. But it would not do ; she could not pass. — ' "What horse is that leading there ? Surely it can't be Lady Relief! It is, upon my soul ! The Jer- sey mare's aliead I ' And, sure enough, so she was. The nag that had attracted so little notice, as neither to be heard nor cared for, had taken the lead upon the fourth mile ; and away she ran, keeping the track in spite of them all, until you come within the distance pole, on the last quarter's stretch. And while she was leading, well ahead, from some unaccountable circumstance the boy pulled her up at once, and Trifle shot by and won the heat. Time, 8.13.
" Black Maria was ' well up ' during the whole race, but she now fell into complete disfavor ; and ' she's done up ' — ' an even bet she don't come again ' — went round the field with great con- fidence. It is the writer's opinion, that Relief could have taken the heat if she had been urged up to the judges' stand, and that she ought to have won it. As it was, Trifle, who well deserved Vol. I.— 16
242 THE HOESE,
lier lienors and the admiration of her friends, had been vic- torious. She had run twelve miles, winning the twelfth ; and the little game creature appeared as fresh as ever. It was iiow settled that she was to win the money ; although it might be that Relief, who was fast rising in favor, might make her ' run for it.' Indeed, the latter did not seem in full vigor until she had run two heats ; and now her nostrils opened, and she pawed the ground, as if just brought upon the course.
" They are saddled for the fourth heat ; and here is to be a struggle until sixteen miles from the beginning are accom- plished. Black Maria is in no way distressed, Relief full of spirit, but ' Trifle's to win the money.' Off they go ; Relief takes the lead, followed by Trifle, and then the black. Miles are passed over, and yet Relief is ahead. — ' How is this ? can't Trifle pass ? Is the Jersey mare ahead ? ' — She is, indeed ; and ahead like to be. A better, truer, tougher, and more spirited piece of stuff never came from the loins of old Eclipse. She takes the track from the score. Trifle goes at her, but ' can't do it.' — ^Three miles and a half are accomplished, and Black Maria has passed Trifle, and is close at the heels of Jersey. ISTow they come up the straight side. The black is at her, and Relief takes the whip like a glutton. Maria comes up and laps her — she's at her shoulder ; but they pass the stand, and Relief takes the heat by a neck. Time, 8.39.
" ' Huzza for Jersey ! ' rings over the course ; and a look of pity is cast upon the gallant little Trifle, who had done her utmost — ' Black Maria won't come again,' says a wise one, with a knowing look ' I don't know that,' says a Yorker. ' If she had run twenty straight yards farther, she would have taken the heat.' ' She is distressed,' is the reply. ' Distressed ! tnay he she is. I saw her lay her ears back, and lash out with her hind feet, after the boy dismounted from the sixteen miles, as if her sinews were of whipcord.'
" Here was an interesting point, j^y^ heats, in all, were to be run, and twenty miles to be passed over. ' The like was never seen on this course before,' says a Long Islander. ' Bottom's the word — how go the bets?' 'At a stand still. Trifle's dis- tressed ; but Lady Relief has more life in her than any thing that ever ran sixteen miles before.'
THE FIFIW. HEAT 243
" Up they come for a fifth heat ; Kelief all fire, Trifle ve?^ sorrj, and Black Maria now begins to paw the ground ! This she had not done before. Off they go ; Relief ahead, Trifle after her, and Black Maria allowing no gap. She sticks to them like a spirit ; and in the nineteenth mile the gallant little Trifle is reluctantly compelled to give it up. The Eclipse mares are obstinately determined to 'play out the play,' and the little chestnut is taken off the track, completely ' done up.' I^ow comes a struggle, for the honors of a twentieth mile, between two half sisters — whalebone both — and ' never give it up ' 's the word. Black Maria pushes up the straight side, as you enter upon the fourth — twentieth — mile, with a stride that counts ter- ribly upon the steps of the Lady, who has relief now in nothing but name. The black is so close upon her, that she almost touches her heels. She pushes round the turn, and goes at her on the straight side, like a quarter horse. They brush down the straight side with invincible courage ; but that long untiring stride is too much for Kelief. Maria gives her the go by, takes the track — keeps it in spite of all exertions — leads round the turn, and thunders up toward the judges' stand, hard in hand, untouched by whij) or spur — passes the goal for the twentieth time, and wins the race. Time, 8.47.
" Neither of the Eclipse mares appeared much distressed, and they ran the last mile with the greatest spirit and stoutness. Relief is a nag of the most extraordinary bottom. She seems to become fresher after twelve miles, and then runs off as gay as a lark. As for Black Maria, she is literally ' too fast for the speedy, and too strong for the stout.' She ran the twentieth mile with a freshness and vigor that surprised every body, and the spectatoi-s at last actually conceded that she is ' game ! ' That she can conquer either Relief or Trifle, at two heats, in a match^ there can be no manner of doubt ; and that she is a 'hard one to beat' in any race, even by afield, all sportsmen must now believe. She ran at her antagonists €V€7'y heat, and at last let them know what it was to run for the honors of a twentieth mile ! "
Of the three placed first in this memorable race. Black Maria was the first to recover, though for months she was but the shadow of herself. She came out in the following May
244 THK HOKSE.
against a strong field, and won, while Trifle was crippled and laid np until tlie September season of the ensuing year. Lady Relief, as game a filly as ever started, and true as steel to the last, died within a few weeks, from the eifects of a cold and exhaustion. Who that was present that day, and marked the meek expressive glance cast up towards the judges by one of these doomed ones — Black Maria — when brought up to struggle through a fifth heat, will ever forget it ?
1833. Same Course, Tuesday, May 28 — Jockey Club Purse, $400, conditions as before. Three
mile heats.
John C. Stevens' bl. m. Black Maria, by Eclipse, out of Lady Lightfoot, 7 yrs. . .15 1
John M. Botts' b. c. Kolla, by Gohanna, out of Dairy Maid, 4 yrs 4 14
John C. Craig's b. ni. Virginia Taylor, by Sir Archy, out of Coquette, 6 yrs. . . .542 Jos. II. Van Mater's b. h. Jackson, by John Eichards, out of Honesty, 6 yrs. . . 2 2 8
Thos. Pearsall's gr. f. Alice Gray, by Henry, out of Sport's-mistress, 4 yrs. . . .38 dlst.
Time, 6.02—6.07—5.48.
A tip-top race, every inch being well contested ; Black Maria's 5.48 in a third heat of three miles has not been equalled before or since, to our knowledge ; her time is the more remark- able, when the fact is considered that it was the old mare's first appearance after her race of twenty miles the previous October. Alice Gray, a filly of very fine speed, though unfortunate in this race, subsequently placed herself near the head of the !N^orthern Tui-f. She is now a magnificent brood mare, in the possession of Walter Livingston, Esq., who has bred several very blood-like looking colts from her that promise to "follow in the footsteps " of their dam, when brought to the post. Eolla has since been sold by Mr. Botts, if we mistake not, and has been standing in Virginia for two or three years.
1833. Dutchess County Course, Poughkeepsie, N. T., Friday, June 7— Jockey Club Purse, $300,
conditions as before. Three-mile heats. John C. Stevens' bl. m. Black Maria, by Eclipse, out of Lady Lightfoot, 7 yrs. . , .11 Alfred Sherman's ch. h. De Witt Clinton, by Eattler, out of Matilda, 5 yrs. ... 22
E. Jackson's b. h. Henry Archy, by Henry, dam by Eclipse, 5 yrs 3 dr
Time, 5.42—0.04.
The time of the first heat of this race would probably have been several seconds less, had the field been able to drive Maria ; as it stands, it is one of the very best in the annals of the American Turf. After her race in May on the Island, Maria was ordered by Mr. Stevens to be thrown out of training, but Bill Patrick had her out after dark or before daylight, every time opportunity afforded without danger of detection, and
TKAINING ON THE ELY. 245
galloped her on the sandy road leading across the mouth of Spring Creek, never venturing to bi'ing her out on the private training track. During one of these nocturnal gallop ings, some wag in the secret, frightened Bill half to death, one evening, with the information that Mr. Stevens was coming down the road^ so what does he do but whip down to the mill, and getting a grist, actually carried it home on the mare's back ! This oc- curred within less than a fortnight of the day of her race. To prevent a walk-over at Ponghkeepsie, Mr. Stevens finally al- lowed his trainer to put her in condition ; she had only a week's galloping exercise, however, and was then brought to the post, without having had any quick or long work, much less a trial. She ran under so strong a pull throughout the heat, that those who saw the race, including her owner and trainer, are firmly of the opinion that on that day she could have made a better race at four-mile heats, than she has ever done before or since. The time of the third mile in the second heat was 1.50. Three miles at that rate would have surpassed any performance we know of ; and we can scarce doubt from this and various other proofs of Black Maria's powers of endurance, that she might, on this occasion, have kept up the rate of her first heat — 1.54 — one other mile, making the four in T.36.
Henry Archy, her competitor in this race, has been " making himself generally useful" for the last few years, in Dlinois, standing for mares in the spring, and running in the fall ; he never had a great turn of speed, or he would have been distin- guished, for a horse of more undoubted stamina and thorough game was never brought to the post.
1833. Union Course, L. I., Friday, Oct. 5 — Jockey Club Purse, $500, conditions as before. Four- mile heats.
Thos. Pearsall's gr. f. Alice Gray, by Henry, out of Sport's-mistress, 4 yrs 11
Jolm C. Stevens' bl. m. Black Maria, by Eclipse, out of Lady Ligbtfoot, 7 yrs. ... 22
Jos. H. Van Mater's b. h. Jackson, by Jobn Eichards, out of Honesty, 6 yrs dist.
Time, 7.56—7.50.
In this fine race the " gray mare proved herself the better horse," though Black Maria beat her before, and twice after- wards. It was " turn about and turn about " with the two, for in four races they were quits, each having twice proved the winner. Mr. Van Mater, some time after this race, sold Jack-
246 THE HOKSE.
son — who was amiss on this occasion — to go South, and farther, of him, dejDonent saith not.
183-3. Same course, Friday, Oct. 31 — Jockey Club Purse, $S00, conditions as before. Four-mile beats.
Col. Wm. E. Johnson's ch. m. Trifle, by Sir Charles, dam by Cicero, 5 yrs 11
Walter Livingston's gr. f. Alice Gray, by Henry, out of Sporfs-mistress, 4 yrs. ... 22 John C. Stevens' bl. m. Black Maria, by Eclipse, out of Lady Lightfoot, 7 yrs. . . . dist.
Bela Badger's b. c. Priam, by John Eichards, 4 yrs dist.
Time, 7.49— T.56.
The reputation of the three mares entered in this race, ex- cited a great sensation in sporting circles, and immense sums were laid out about them. Kelying upon the tried game of Black Maria, Mr. Stevens ordered Gil. Crane, his jockey, not to make a stroke for the first heat, but to drop just within tlie dis- tance. Trifle and Alice made play from the score, and main- tained it to the end ; in coming up the straight side home on the last quarter. Crane carelessly pulled Maria back so far, that she was shut out by the distance flag eighteen inches. He was taken off the mare, and discharged on the spot. In the great Twenty-Mile race, the dead heat made by Trifle was thought to be entirely owing to his heedlessness.
1834. Same course, Friday, May 9— Jockey Club Purse, $1000, conditions as before. Fonr- mile heats.
Capt. E. F. Stockton's bl. c. Shark, own brother to Black Maria, 4 yrs Oil
John C. Stevens' bl. m. Black Maria, by Eclipse, out of Lady Lightfoot, S yrs. . . 3 2 2 Maj. James M. Sclden's b. c. Charles Kemble, by Sir Archy, dam by Gallatin, 4 yrs. .14 4 Walter Livingston's gr. m. Alice Gray, by Henry, out of Sport's-mistress, 5 yrs. . . 2 3 3 Samuel Laird's b. h. Henry Archy, by Henry, dam by Eclipse, 6 yrs. . . . .455
John M. Botts' b. h. EoUa, by Gohanna, out of Dairymaid, 5 yrs 5 *
Time, 7.54— 7.5T— 8.03. * Broke down.
A stoutly contested and spirited race. The winner was sold soon after, for the largest sum ever then paid in this country for a race-horse, being $17,500. Some odd dozen of the celebrated " Bingham " wine was also talked of, but Mr. Craig would not sell. Failing to get hold of a few dozen in this way, Capt. Stockton, at the Club Dinner, shortly after, offered to run his colt Monmouth against Mr. Craig's Fanny Cline, a match of two miles, laying $1,200 vs. 12 dozen of the Bingham. This, too, was a failure, and in a double sense, for though Fanny won the match and the $1,200, Mr. Craig, upon examination, found that his vault had been entered, and that a great part of his stock of favorite wine was missing ! Shark was withdrawn from the turf after the Fall season of 1835, and made his first
MARIA AND AXICE GRAY. 24:T
two seasons as a stallion at Taylor's Ferry, Ya., at $75 ; in 1838 he stood at Charlotte Court House, in the same State, but is now- located on Long Island, in view of the scene of the never-fading victories won by himself and the glorious race from which he sprung. He is still the property of the heirs of the late la- mented John C. Craig, Esq., of Philadelphia.
Charles Kemble, the winner of the first heat in this race, after running at all distances, and beating some of the best horses of his day, is now enjoying his otium cum dignitale j he stands the present season at Chester-town, Md.
1834 Same course, Thursday, June 5 — Jockey Club Purse, $400, conditions as before. Three- mile heats.
John C. Stevens' bl. ra. Black Maria, by Eclipse, out of Lady Lightfoot, 8 yrs. . . .11
Samuel Laird"s b. h. Henry Archy, by Honry, dam by Eclipse, 5 yrs 8 2
Col. Wm. E. Johnson's b. f. Fanny Cline, by Sir Archy, dam by Gallatin, 4 yi's. . . .28
Time, 6.03-6.11.
Owing to previous wet weather the track was very heavy. Black Maria was the favorite at odds, and won handily.
1834. Same course, Wednesday, Oct. 8 — Jockey Club Purse, $1000, conditions as before. Fonr-
mile heats.
John C. Stevens' bl. m. Black Maria, by Eclipse, out of Lady Lightfoot, 8 yrs. . .211
Walter Livingston's gr. m. Alice Gray, by Henry, out of Sport's-mistress, 5 yrs. . . 12 2
Capt. E. F. Stockton's b. c. Monmouth, by John Eichards, out of Nettletop, 4 yrs. . . 3 dist.
Time, T.52— 7.55— 8.03.
Alice was the favorite, and at very long odds, after the first heat. Black Maria running unkindly ; she let out a kink, how- ever, in the second and third, and won both cleverly. Mon- mouth, the following season, won two races at three-mile heats ; in 1836, with 121 lbs. on his back, he won a race at two-mile heats in 3.45 — 3.49, and another in 3.56 — 3.48. He soon after passed into the hands of Capt. Y. N. Oliver, of the Eclipse Course, New Orleans, and was so knocked up by his long jour- ney South, as never to have shown to advantage, though a horse of very fine speed. He is now standing at Basin Spring, Breck- enridge County, Ya.
1834. Same course, Friday, Oct 31— Jockey Club Purse, $1000, conditions as before. Four-mile
heats. Walter Livingston's gr. m. Alice Gray, by Henry, out of Sport's-mistress, 5 yrs. . . .11 John C. Stevens' bl. m. Black Maria, by Eclipse, out of Lady Lightfoot, 8 yrs. ... 2 2 Time, 7.59—8.12.
It was the gray mare's " turn " to win this time, which she
248 THE HOESE.
did with ease ; three weeks before Maria beat her as handily in much better time.
1834. Eagle Course, Trenton, N. J., Thursday, Nov. IS— Purse, $300, free for all ages ; weights the same as on the Union Course. Three-mile heats.
Maj. Jas. M. Selden's h. c. Charles Kemble, by Sir Archy, out of Pilot's dam by Gallatin,
4 yrs 11
John C. Stevens' bl. m. Black Maria, by Eclipse, out of Lady Lightfoot, 8 yrs. ... 22
Time, 5.50i— 5.51J.
Kemble won liandily ; he was considered the best three-mile liorse in "Virginia of his day. It should be remembered that Black Maria beat him a long way oif, running four-xmXo, heats in the spring of this year.
1835. Union Course, L. I., Friday, May 8 — Jockey Club Purse, $1000, conditions as before. Four- mile heats.
Samuel Laird's b. h. Henry Archy, by Henry, dam by Eclipse, 6 yrs 8 11
John C. Stevens' bl. m. Black Maria, by Eclipse, out of Lady Lightfoot, 9 yrs. . . 2 3 2 Capt. E. E. Stockton's b. h. Monmouth, by John Richards, out of Nettletop, 5 yrs. . .12 3 Joseph Alston's b. h. Daniel O'Connell, by John Eichards, dam by Eclipse, 5 yrs. . 4 dist
Wm. Gibbon's b. h. Milo, by Mons. Tonson, out of Meg Dods, 5 yrs dist.
Time, 7.55—8.00—8.15.
After distancing Monmouth and beating Henry Archy three times in their j^rime, they took advantage of her want of con- dition, and paid off a portion of their old scores. O'Connell soon after passed into the hands of Mr. P. C. Bush of St. Louis, Mo., who ran him successfully in the West at all distances. Milo, who was a much better horse than his performance on this occasion "made him out," suddenly died in the fall of 1837, on his way to the Long Island races.
This was the last performance in public of Black Maria, who was now withdrawn from the turf and sent to Gohanna then standing on Long Island.
RECAPITULATION.
1. 1823. Oct. 3— Union Course, L. I Match 2 mile heats won $5000
2. . Oct. 8— Union Course, L. I Purse 3 mile heats won 400
8. 1830. May 10 — Union Course, L. I Sweepstakes. 4 mile heats lost
4. . May 19— Dutchess County Course, N.Y. Purse 3 mile heats lost
5. . Get. 7 — Dutchess County Course, N.T. Purse 4 mile heats won.... 500
6. . Oct. 27 — Dutchess County Course, N.Y. Purse 4 mile heats. .. . won.... 500
7.1831. May 12— Union Course, L. I Purse 4 mile heats lost
8. . May 26 — Dutchess County Course, N.T. Purse 4 mile heats won.... 500
9. . Oct. 6 — Dutchess County Course, N.T. Purse 4 mile heats lost
10. . Oct. 26 — Central Course, Md Poststake.... 4 mile heats won.... 4500
11. . Oct. 29 — Central Course, Md Purse 4 mile heats. ... lost
12. 1832. May 17 — Dutchess County Course, N.T. Purse 4 mile heats won ... 500
13. . May 23— Union Course, L. I Purse 4 mile heats lost
14. . Oct. 4 — Dutchess County Course, N.T. Purse 3 mile heats won 300
|
. won . . . |
. $600 |
|
. won. . . |
. 400 |
|
. won . . . |
. 800 |
|
. lost... |
|
|
. lost.... |
|
|
. lost... |
|
|
. won . . . |
. 400 |
|
. won... |
. 1000 |
|
. lost... |
|
|
. lost... |
|
|
. lost-... |
RECAPITULATION. 249
15. . Oct 13— Union Course, L. I Purse 4 mile heats . . .
16. 1S33. May 23— Union Course, L. I Purse 3 mile heats. ..
17. . June T — Dutchess County Course, iST. Y. Purse 3 mile heats . . .
IS. . Oct 5— Union Course. L. I Turso 4 mile he:its . . .
19. . Oct. 31 — Union Course, L. I Purse 4 mile heuts. . .
20. 1S34. May 9 — Union Course, L. I Purse 4 mile heats . . .
21. .June 5 — Union Course, L. I Purse 3 mile heats. ..
23. . Oct. 5 — Union Course, L. I Purse 4 mile heuts- - -
23. . Oct 31 — Union Course, L. I Purse 4 mile heats- - -
24. . Not. 13 — Eagle Course, N. J Purse 3 mile heats. - .
25. 1835. May 8 — Union Course, L. I.. . . Purse 4 mile heats- - .
Starting twenty-five times, and winning in thirteen races, — eleven of them Jockey Club
Paces, at three and four-mile heats, — the handsome sum of $14,900
Seventeen four-mile races, and forty-two heats of four miles — making 16S miles.
The above recapitulation of her performances fully justifies, we think, the high opinion we have expressed in the course of our article, of Black Maria's surpassing speed, and wonderful powers of endurance. In summing up the large amount she won, and comparing it with the winnings of hrst-raters of a more recent date, it should be recollected, that while she was on the Turf, the Club Purses were but of about half the value of those given at the present day. Trifle, a nonpareil, and the most successful racer of her day, won but $14,380 ; Post Boy, a " crack " of later date, for a time at the head of the Northern Turf, and a very capital performer, won only $12,Y00, while Mingo, the phenomenon, who ran well at all distances, and won for himself the proud title of the " Champion of the ISTorth," won but $15,250 ; Mingo's winnings, however, were mostly in purses. By setting down the purses won by Black Maria at the respective sums now offered for three and four-mile heats, she would have left the Turf a \vinner of Eighteen Thousand Five Hundred Dollars !
Black Maria, like Post Boy, was " hammered to death '' in training, and came to the j)ost quite as often amiss as in condi- tion. When "fit," she was too fleet for the fast, and too stoufc for the strong ; another reason for her frequent defeats, was owing to the management of her high-spirited owner, of whom it is no- torious that he never pays forfeit — never allows a walk over, if a horse in his stable can stand on three legs, and is the man always called upon to make up a field or a stake, and always certain to do it without consulting his interest or his trainer. In the hands of a gentleman less regardless of the gratification of the public, and more alive to his own interests,
250 THE nORSE.
it is very doubtful wlietlier Black Maria would not liave run on to the age of her grand-dam, and with equal credit.
In 1836 she produced a bay colt by Gohanna, which Mr. Stevens appropriately named Terrific, from its immense size. It is a colt of great promise, combining the best racing j)oints of both sire and dam — at six; weeks old Mr. Stevens refused $1,500 for it. It makes one of the "string" Mr. Stevens sent to New Orleans last January, in Van Leer's charge.
On the 6th of March last, Mr. Stevens shipped Black Maria to New Orleans, per the " Nashville," in company with Cora, Clara Howard, African, Bonny Black, and Ethiopia. The lot arrived there on the 29th of that month, and when landed on the levee, the fine old mare excited great admiration by her blood-like appearance. None were sold here but Black Maria ; the three last named were subsequently taken to St. Louis, Mo., where Van Leer sold them for $5,000, to Messrs. Shacklett, Sloan & Overton ; they came out at the Fall Meetings at St. Louis, and were all winners, carrying off the purses for three and four- mile heats. Cora and Clara Howard were sent to Alabama, the first to be stinted to imp. Glencoe, and the last to imp. Leviathan, where they remain, still owned by Mr. Stevens.
Black Maria, while at New Orleans, was purchased by the Hon. Balie Peyton, in company with his friends, Dr. J. G. Chalmers, of that city, and J. S. Yeager, Esq., of Yicksburg, Miss., for $4,000, a sum much below her value ; not above a year previous, an offer of $5,500, made for her, through us, was refused. Mr, Peyton sent her at once to imp. Luzborough, and at the same time jDroposed a Produce Stake for colts and fillies dropped Spring of 1839, to come off over the Nashville ■ — Tenn. — Course, during the Fall Meeting of the Jockey Club in 1843, with a subscrij)tion of $5,000 each, $1,000 forfeit, four- mile heats. Black Maria's produce headed the list of nomi- nations, and when the stake closed in January last, there were twenty -nine subscribers, making the stake amount to the enor- mous sum of One Hundred and Forty-Five Thousand Dol- lars ! No stake at all comparable with this, has ever been made np in this country or Europe, so far as the amount of money is concerned, and twenty-nine better mares cannot be Belected, in England or America.
THE PEDIGEEES,
PERFORMANCES, AND CHARACTERISTICS
OP
WAGNER AND GEEY EAGLE.
At no time, probably, since the commencement of horse-racing in America, has the Turf stood higher, or been more ably repre- sented, than in the year 1839.
In that year Boston, probably the best race-horse that ever ran on an American track, was in his prime, and almost, one might say, unbeaten ; for having started twenty-five times, and received forfeit twice, he had suffered but two defeats, one, in his very first race, having bolted while running on the lead and looking like a winner ; the other, in a race of two-mile heats at Petersburgh, Virginia, in which he was outfooted by Ports- mouth.
In that year ran "Wagner, Gano, Treasurer, Clarion, Balie Peyton, Portsmouth, Decatur, and Grey Eagle ; and the mares Omega, Andrewetta, Sarah Bladen, and others scarcely inferior in renown.
The crack mare Fashion, in her two-year-old form, had not come upon the scene of her triumphs, and the day Avhen the matchless Boston should find his match was not yet, even in anticipation.
Not one of the animals named above, but was a real race- horse, a good one and no mistake, though difiering in excellence the one from the other.
All had their sanguine friends and backers, and more than one was believed by his own especial partisans to be invincible.
252 THE HOESE.
Of none is this more true than of the two galhant animals, whose names are prefixed, and whose grandest exj^loit I am about to borrow from the Turf Eegister of 1840, for which it was incomparably reported by my friend Wm. T. Porter.
Wao-ner in his five-year-old form, was already a tried horse, of proved speed, courage, and bottom, a distinguished winner, and even, in the high-flown aspirations of his owner, capable to compete with Boston. He was, at least the equal of any other horse in America of his day ; and not long afterward, a distinguished writer was found in the columns of the Spirit of the Times to maintain that, up to this period, the great son of Timoleon had displayed no manifest superiority over him.
He had been in training continually since his third year ; in 1838, he had won three races of four-mile heats, and tw^o of two-mile heats, beating Extio at New Orleans in 7.44-7.57 — considered in those days all but the very best time.
He was a beautiful chestnut horse of fifteen and a half hands, with a white blaze on his face, and two white hind feet. He was got by Sir Charles — he by Sir Archy, dam by imp. Citizen, gd.by Commutation, g. gd. by imp. Daredevil, g. g. gd. by imp. Shark, g. g. g. gd. by imp. Fearnought — out of Maria "West by Marion, her dam Ella Crump, by imp. Citizen, gd. by Hunts- man, g. gd. by Wildair, g. g. gd. by Fearnought, g. g. g. gd. by Janus, &c.
Marion was by Sir Archy, dam by Citizen, gd. by Alder- man, g. gd. by Eoebuck out of a Herod mare.
Grey Eagle was in his fourth year, a magnificent horse nearly sixteen hands in height, said to be of almost perfect symmetry, although scarcely equal in his quarters to his forehand, which is described as sumptuous. His color, as his name indicates, was a fine silvery gray.
In his three-year-old form he had won two races of two-mile heats, in 3.41 — 3.43 — 3.48 — and 3.44 respectively, and was honestly believed by his owner, and by Kentuckian sportsmen in general, to be equal to any thing in America, both for speed and bottom; although, in truth, this opinion must be regarded rather as surmise than as judgment, since his powers had not yet been sufficiently tested to justify such boundless confidence.
PEDIGREE OF GKEY EAGLE. 253
It is but fair to add, that liis running, in the wonderful races which are to be described, was such as to prove that tliis confi- dence was not misplaced — was such, indeed, as to render it probable that, had he been ridden by a jockey competent to make the most of his powers, he might have been the winner in the first match — in which case he probably would not have been lost to the turf, by the rasli, and, as I must consider it, cruel trial, of running a second four-mile race of scarcely paralleled severity, within five days.
Grey Eagle was got by Woodpecker — by Bertrand, dam by imp. Buzzard; 2d dam, the Fawn, by Craig's Alfred; 3d dam, Shepherdess, by Wormsley's King Ilerod ; 4th dam, by More- ton's imp. Traveller; 5th dam, by imp. Whittington — out of Ophelia by Wild Medley, dam by Sir Archy ; 2d dam. Lady Chesterfield, by imp. Diomed ; 3d dam, Lady Bolingbrooke, by imp. Pantaloon ; -ith dam. Cades, by Wormsley's King Herod ; 5th dam, Primrose, by imp. Dove; 6th dam, Stella, by Othello; 7tli dam, imp. mare, Selima,
Wild Medley, by Meudosa (called " Bruiser ") ; dam by imp. Pensacola, &c., &e.
The description which here ensues has been considered, by competent judges, to be the finest specimen of turf-writing in the English language, and if the laudari a laudato be fame in literary matters, we know no one who has derived more from a single essay than the writer of the narrative annexed.
WAGNER AND GREY EAGLE'S RACES.
The editor of this magazine had the pleasure of attending the last meeting of the Louisville Jockey Club, and witnessing the two splendid races between Wagner and Grey Eagle. Those who have noticed the spirit with which every thing connected with breeding and racing is carried on at present, in Kentucky, will hardly be surprised to hear that the late meeting has never been equalled in the excellence of the sport, or in the number and character of the visitors. Turfmen and other distinguished strangers from the neighboring States mustered in great force ;
254: THE HORSE.
while the Kentuckians themselves turned out in such numbers, that the hotels and lodging houses literally overflowed. A week of 11^ ore delightful weather we have rarely known. The fields were large every day ; the horses ran well ; " all the world and his wife " were on the course ; the pressure was forgotten, and all appeared to enjoy themselves without stint or measure.
In addition to the brilliant report of " IST. of Arkansas " in the Spirit of the Times, the editor, since his return, has given his impressions of the meeting, in the columns of that paper. Many readers of this magazine have expressed a desire that we should also give them a report of the two great races.
In compliance with the general desire of these, we proceed to give our own impressions of the two races, Avhich have con- tributed in an eminent degree to give Wagner and Grey Eagle the high and enduring reputation they now enjoy. The races during the week were characterized by good fields, strong run- ning, fine weather, and an attendance unparalleled in numbers and respectability. The Oakland Course was in the finest jdos- sible order, the stewards were in uniform and well mounted, and the arrangements of the proprietor, Col. Oliver, and of the club, for the gratification and convenience of their guests, were not only in good taste, but complete in all respects.
"We have not room to speak in this place of a variety of in- teresting circumstances connected with the meeting, but shall be pardoned for alluding to the unusual number of distin- guished individuals present, and the blaze of beauty reflected from the Ladies' Pavilion, on the occasion of the first race be- tween the champions of Louisiana and Kentucky. The number of ladies in attendance was estimated at eight hundred, while nearly two thousand horsemen were assembled on the field. The stands, the fences, the trees, the tops of carriages, and every eminence overlooking the course, were crowded ; probably not less than ten thousand persons composed the assemblage, com- prising not only several distinguished Senators, and nearly the entire Kentucky delegation in Congress, with their families, but all the elite of the beauty and fashion of the State.
Among the earliest on the ground were the Hon. Judge Porter, of Louisiana, the distinguished ex-Senator, and Mr. Clay. His colleague in the Senate, Mr. Crittenden, soon followed, with
THE OAKLAND MEETING. 255
Gen. Atkinson, Major Stewart, and Capt. Alexander, of the army, Judge Woollej, Gov. Poindexter, Judge Rowan, the Hon. Messrs. Menifee, Allan, Letcher, Hardin, Graves, Hawes, etc. Among the guests of the Club, well known to the sporting world, we noticed J. S. Skinner, Esq., of Baltimore, W. M. Anderson, Esq., of Ohio, Col. C. F. M. Noland, of Arkansas, the Messrs. Kenner, Mr. Slidell, Mr. Parker, and Mr. Beasley, of Louisiana, Mr. McCargo, Mr. Beasley, and Capt. Bacon of Vir- ginia, Mr. Geo. Cheatham, of Tenn., Maj. Fleming, of Alabama, and a great number more whose names have escaped us.
Good breeding forbids an enumeration of the distinguished throng of belles. The young miss just from the trammels of school, flush with joy and fears, the budding, blooming girl of sweet sixteen, the more stately and elegant full-blown woman, the dark-eyed Southerner, witli her brown complexion and matchless form, the blue-eyed iS^ortherner with her dimpled cheek and fair and spotless beauty, were gathered here in one lustrous galaxy. The gentlemen were unmatched for variety ; the Bar, the Bench, the Senate, and the Press, the Army and the IN^avy, and all the et ceteras that pleasure or curiosity attracted, were here represented.
We are very much tempted to essay to describe a few of these radiant belles — had kind Heaven made us a poet, like Prentice, we would immortalize them ; as we are only a proser, we can merely detail them. If any demand by what right we allude so pointedly to them, surely we may ask what right they have to be so beautiful? There was one with a form of perfect symmetry, and a countenance not only beautiful, but entirely intellectual ; like Halleck's Fanny, she may have been " younger once than she is now," but she is, and will ever be, " a thing to bless — all full of life and loveliness." With a purely Grecian bust and classic head, and with an eye as dark as the absence of all light, beaming with a lustre that eclipses all, her figure varied itself into every grace that can belong either to rest oi motion. And there was a reigning belle, in the spring-time of her youth and beauty, with a face beaming with perfect happi- ness ; it was like a " star-lit lake curling its lips into ripples in some stream of delight, as the west-wind salutes them with its balmy breath, and disturbs their placid slumber." It was the
256 THE HORSE.
realization of Byron's idea of " music breathing o'er the face." There comes a bride — and from the East. too. A peep at her face, ahnost hid by clustering braids of raven hair, displays a belle of an Atlantic city, and ere we have time to ask her name, a lovely blonde sweeps by in a gay mantilla, changeable as the hues of evening, with a hat whiter than the wing of a dove, and a face faultless as ISTesera. It would puzzle a Sphinx to divine the cause of her radiant smile. Walks she fancy free ? Has Cupid's bolt passed her innocuous ? In the centre of the Pavilion stand two rival belles, of a style of beauty so varied as to attract marked attention. The face and figure of one is rounded to the complete fulness of the mould for a Juno ; while the other, with the form of a sylpli, and the eyes of an angel, is the impersonation of delicacy and loveliness. And there is a lady from the northernmost extremity of the Republic, nearly allied to the Patrick Henry of the Southwest, with eyes of the sweetest and most tranquil blue " that ever reflected the serene heaven of a happy hearth — eyes to love, not wonder at — to adore and rely upon, not admire and tremble for." And then there was that beautiful belle from Scott County, and that bril- liant wit from Lexington ; here, the pearl wreath strove to rival the fairer brow — the ruby, a rubier lip — the diamond, a brighter eye ; there, the cornelian borrowed from the damask cheek a deeper hue ; the gossamer floated round a lighter form — the light plume nodded over a lighter heart.
But what grace cm flowers or sweeping jjlumes confer when the rich smile of beauty is parting her vermilion lips, and the breath of the morning, added to the excitement of the occasion, have given a ripeness to her cheeks, and a fire to her eye, which, to our bachelor taste, would be worth a pilgrimage to Mecca to enjoy, as we did at tliat moment. Who can fail to detect the graceful being on our left, in a Parisian hat, lined with violets, whose soft liquid eye, and raven braids render her the fairest gem in tlie brilliant cluster of Western beauties ? The flashing eyes of a dark-browed matron from Missouri are roving restlessly over the nodding sea of heads beneath ; and the pensive smile of a fair lily, just liome from school, has become absolutely radiant as she shakes back, from her open ])row, a flood of glis- tening ringlets, and gazes down upon the multitude with the
THE NOMINATIONS. 257
innocent gaze of a young-eyed seraph. But how shall our pen do homage to the daughters of Old Kentuck, whose striking Di V^ernon beauty, with their dark lustrous eyes and sable tresses, is only rivalled by the high culture bestowed upon their minds, and the attraction of those feminine accomplishments which '' gild refined gold," and render them among the loveliest and most fascinatino; women within the circuit of the sun ? The waters of Lethe must flow deep over our souls, to banish the memory of the bouquets and gloves we lost and won upon that day ! The evening festivities that followed — the brilliant dance, the plaintive song that " lapt us in Elysium," — and she, too, the fairy masquerader, in the Suliote cap and bodice, lives she not last, as well as first, in our remembrance ?
But our pages forbid a longer retrospection. Tlie hospitalities and courtesies of the "West, joined to the smile of her beauteous women, are indelibly impressed upon our hearts, and shall be freshly remembered when we pledge our warmest friends in the generous wine-cup.
Tlie occasion of this brilliant assembly was the stake for all ages, four-mile heats, which closed on the 1st of January, 1839, with ten subscribers at $2,000 each, half forfeit, as follows ; —
1 — T. N. Oliver & Miles W. Dickey, of Kentucky, named gr. c. Grey Eagle, by Woodpecker, out
of Ophelia, by Wild Medley, 4 yrs. — Dress, Eed, Blue, and Orange. 2 — Wm. T. Ward, of Kentucky, named b. m. Mary Vaughan, by Waxy, out of Betty Bluster,
by imp. Bluster, 5 yrs.— Dress, Blue and White. 8— Willa Viley, of Kentucky, named ch. t Queen Mary, by Bertrand, dam by Brimmer, 4 yrs. —
Dress, White and Green. 4 — Geo. N. Sanders & Lewis Sanders, Jr., of Kentucky, named b. c. Occident, by Bertrand, out
of Diamond, by Turpin's Florizel, 4 yrs.— Dress, White. 5— Sidney Burbridge, of Kentucky, named b. c. Tarlton, by Woodpecker, dam by Ilobin Gray,
5 yrs. — Dress, not declared. 6— Jas. L. Bradley & H. B. Steel, of Kentucky, named ch. c. ITawTc-Eye, by Sir Lovell, out of
Pressure's dam, by Jenkins' Sir William, 4 yrs. — Dress, Orange and Black. '^— Archie Cheatham, of Virginia, named b. h. Billy Townes, by Imp. Fylde, dam by Virginian,
5 yrs.— Dress, Purple and Eed. 8— Jas. S. Garrison, of Louisiana, named ch. h. Wagner, by Sir Charles, out of Maria West, by
Marion, 5 yrs.— Dress, Red and Eed. 9— Wm. Wynn, of Virginia, named b. c. Ficton, by Imp. Luzborough, out of Isabella, by Sir
Archy, 5 yrs.— Dress, not declared. >0— Wm. Buford, Jr., of Kentucky, named ch. f. Musidora, by Medoc, dam by Kosciusko, 4 yrs.—
Dress, not declared.
The race came off on Monday, the 30th of September. Of the ten nominations, four only came to the post — Wagner, Grey Eagle, Queen Mary, and Hawk-Eye. Of the other six, Tarlton Vol. I.— 17
258 THE HOKSE.
and Musidora liad given way in training ; Picton was in Ten- nessee, and complaining; Occident's trials would not justify his starting ; Billy Townes and Mary Yaughan were on the ground, but not up to the mark in condition. From the day the stake closed, the betting had been going on with spirit in different sections of the country, increasing daily in amount as the race drew nigh. From the first Wagner was decidedly the favorite ; and when it became reduced almost to a certainty tliat not above six would start, the betting was about 50 to 75 on him vs. the field. For many months previous to the race, and before it was known how many would start, odds were offered, from New York to New Orleans, on "VVagner and Billy Townes against the field. Immense sums were laid out at odds, in Kentucky, on Grey Eagle's winning the first heat, and in many instances he was backed against Wagner for the race. In consequence of the unlimited confidence felt by the Kentuckians in the "■ foot " of Grey Eagle, it was resolved by the Wagner party not to run for the first heat, unless circumstances should occur which might render it an easy thing for their horse. But the day before the race, a commission from New Orleans was received, offering a large sum on Wagner's beating the gray the first heat, which induced them to change this determination ; indeed, the induce- ment to run for it was a pretty substantial one, for they could lose nothing, and might win several thousands — we do not feel at liberty to say how many, or who were the parties ; it is enough that they were keen, and also successful. Two days before the race, Mr. McCargo gave Billy Townes a trial with Missouri and Texana, and though the result was entirely satisfactory, so far as his action was concerned, he soon after cramped to such a degree that it was at once declared that he would not be started. Mary Yaughan, we believe, was plated for the race, but not being quite up to the mark, she also paid forfeit. On the morn- ing of the race, it being understood pretty thoroughly that Wagner, Grey Eagle, Queen Mary, and Hawk-Eye only would start, out of the ten nominations, "business" commenced in earnest, Wagner being freely offered against the field, and as freely taken, while Grey Eagle was backed at small odds for the first heat.
The " caU " for the horses was sounded at a quarter to one
THE HOKSES. 259
o'clock, and soon after all eyes were directed toward a motley group approaching from Mr. Garrison's stable : " with stately step and slow," the proud champion of Louisiana made his appearance. He was directly stripped, and a finer exhibition of the perfection to which the trainer's art can be carried, we have rarely seen. His coat and eye were alike brilliant. Wagner is a light gold chestnut, with a roan stripe on the right side of his face, and white hind feet — about fifteen hands and a half high. His head is singularly small, clean, and bony, set on a light but rather long neck ; forehanded, he resembles the pic- tures of his sire, and in his carriage is said to resemble him. His shoulder is immensely strong, running very well back into a good middle piece, which is well ribbed home. One of the finest points about him is his great depth of chest ; few horses can measure with him from the point of the shoulder to the brisket. His arms are heavily muscled like Mingo's, with the tendons standing out in bold relief. He has uncommonly strong and wide hips, a good loin, remarkably fine stifles and thighs, with as fine hocks and legs as ever stood under a horse. Wagner has been in training ever since his 3 yr. old, and has travelled over thi'ee thousand miles, without three weeks' rest this season ! Mr. Garrison commencing galloping him just four weeks previous to this race ; he had not even been turned loose in a paddock.
A murmur, which was soon lost in a suppressed cheer at the head of the quarter stretch, announced to the multitude about the stand the approach of Gj^ey Eagle ', as he came up in front of the stand, his lofty carriage and fiashing eye elicited a burst of applause, which told better than words can express the intense and ardent aspirations felt in his success, by every son and daughter of Kentucky. Clinton, his trainer, immediately stripped off his sheet and hood, and a finer specimen of the high-mettled racer was never exhibited. He was in condition to run for a man's life — a magnificent gray, nearly sixteen hands high, with the step of a gazelle and the strength of a Bucephalus. Mr. Burbridge had told us that of one thing he was confident — his norse might want foot, but of his game he was certain ; the cor- rectness of his judgment the sequel will show. In the hands of Clinton, who, by-the-by, is a Kentuckian, not above seven and twenty years of age, Grey Eagle had never lost a heat ; the
260 THE HOESE.
previous October, he won a two-mile Sweepstakes, over this course, in 3.41 — 3.43f ; and a week afterwards repeated the race in 3.48 — 3.44. His form indicates more power of endur- ance than any horse we ever saw in Kentucky ; from the girth forward his shape and make could hardly be improved, if he merely had the delicate, finely-tapered ears of a Sir Charles, or a Wild Bill. Standing behind him, his quarters display a fine development of muscle, but many would call them light in pro- portion to his size and forehand ; in this respect he closely re- sembles Priam. His coupling, thigh, and stifle, are unexcep- tionably good, and his hocks come well down to the ground, giving him great length from their point to that of the whirl- bone. His legs are clean, broad, and flat, with the hamstrings and leaders beautifully developed — no son of Whip ever had a finer set of limbs under him.
Two chestnuts next challenged the public's attention ; the first was Queen Mary, a very blood-like looking filly, with white hind feet, that a single glance would have shown to be a daughter of Bertrand. She measures about 15-2^ hands, is well put up, and when running in good form, must be a dangerous lady to trifle with. Hawk-Eye, as we remember him, is a heavy moulded colt, of nearly 15|- hands, with a star and white fore feet ; without the foot or the endurance of his half brother. Pressure, he presents to the eye no such game appearance. We trust he was not himself on this occasion, or we should wish "ne'er to look upon his like again," for he cut a very sorry figure in this party. Both himself and the Bertrand filly have been winners, and the latter has ever been looked ujjon as a performer of great promise.
At half-past one o'clock, the jockeys having received their orders from the judges, the order was given to " clear the course." Cato, called Kate, in a richly-embroidered scarlet dress, was put upon Wagner; he is a capital jockey, and rode nearly up to his weight, 110 pounds. The rider engaged for Grey Eagle, lost the confidence of his owners just before the race, and at the eleventh hour they were obliged to hunt up another. Stephen Welch, a three-year-old rider, was selected, though obliged to carry thirteen pounds dead weight in shot-pouches on his sad- dle ! The friends of Grey Eagle, however, had entire confidence
THE START. 261
in Ills honesty ; and it is clear that he did his best, though, weighing as he did but eighty-two pounds, he had neither the strength nor stamina to hold and control a powerful, fiery horse like Grey Eagle. He rode superbly for a lad of his years, while Cato's exhibition of skill and judgment would have done credit to Gil. Patrick. The horses took their places in accordance with the precedence of their nomination for the stake. Grey Eagle having the inside track. Queen Mary second, Hawk-Eye third, and "Wagner the outside. Just at this moment Mr. Ward, the President of tlie Club, dislodged the band from their seats over the judges' stand, and Mr, Clay, Judge Porter, Judge Rowan, our friend Col. Whetstone, of the Devil's Fork of the Little Red, and the writer of this article, with two or three other gentlemen, were invited to occupy them, by which we all obtained a fine view, not only of the race, but — of the ladies in the stands opposite.
THE RACE.
All being in motion and nearly in line, the President gave the word " Go ! " and tapped the drum. Grey Eagle was the last off, while Wagner went away like a qnarter-horse, with Queen Mary well up second ; they were taken in hand at once, which allowed Hawk-Eye to take the place of the Queen on the back stretch, and at the three-quarter-mile post, Wagner allowed him to take the track. Hawk-Eye led home to the stand at a moderate pace, Wagner second, and Queen Mary third ; both of them were pulling to Grey Eagle, at whose head Stephen was tugging with might and main. Hawk-Eye carried on the running for about half a mile further, until Gooding bid Cato " go along." The pace mended at once ; Wagner went up to Hawk-Eye, and might have cut him down in half a dozen strides, but the Queen was still laj^ing back, and Grey Eagle had not yet made a stroke. Wagner came first to the stand, and at the turn Cato having held up his whip as a signal to a crowd of rubbers and boys on Garrison's stable, that " the old Sorrel Stud" was going just right, they gave him a slight cheer, at which AVagner broke loose, and made a spread eagle of the field in " no time." The other jocks were not a little startled at this demonstration of Wagner's speed, and each called upon his nag,
262 THE HOUSE.
SO that opposite tlie Oakland House, near the three-quarter mile post, the field closed. Stephen here let out the phenomenon he so gracefully bestrode, and like twin bullets the gallant gray and Wagner came out of the melee. At the head of the quar- ter stretch, Stephen was told to " pull him steady," so that before Wagner reached the stand. Queen Mary had changed places with Grey Eagle, notwithstanding her saddle had slipped on her withers. Hawk-Eye was already in difficulty, and for him the pace was getting " no better very fast." Grey Eagle set to work in earnest on entering the back stretch, first outfoot- ing the Queen and then challenging Wagner. From the Oak- land House to the head of the quarter-stretch, the ground is descending, and from thence up the straight run to the stand, a distance of perhaps six hundred yards, it is ascending. At the half-mile post, Cato called upon Wagner, and the critical moment having arrived, Stephen collared him with the gray, on the outside. For three hundred yards the pace was tremen- dous ; Grey Eagle once got his head and neck in front, and a tremendous shout was sent up ; but Wagner threw him off so far in going round the last turn, that, halfway up the stretch, Mr. Burbridge ordered him to be pulled up, and Wagner won cleverly, Queen Mary dropping just w^ithin her distance, 150 yards. Hawk-Eye was nowhere. Time 7.48.
The disapj)ointment and mortification was so great, that for the first twenty minutes after the heat, Queen Mary was freely backed against Grey Eagle, while so far as Wagner was con- cerned, it was considered " a dead open and shut." Before the forty-five minutes had elapsed, however, a re-action took place in favor of Grey Eagle. Not a Kentuclcian on the ground laid out a dollar on Wagner ! From the first, the very few individ- uals who were disposed to back him on account of his blood, his form, his performances and his condition, had not staked a dollar ; their judgment prompted them to back the Southern champion, but they would not bet against Kentucky I Talk of State pride in South Carolina ! Why, the Kentuckians have more of it than the citizens of all the States in the Confederacy added together. They not only believe Kentucky to be the Eden of the world, and the garden of the Union, but their own favorite county to be the asparagus-bed of the State ! And they
THE SECOND HEAT. 253
liave good reason ; Kentucky is a glorious State. The talent and chivalry of her sons are in keeping with the intelligence and peerless beauty of her daughters, and well may they be proud of her and of each other. But to the horses.
All cooled off well, but more especially Grey Eagle, who appeared not to mind the run a jot. They got, as Clinton remarked, " a capital scrape out of him," and he was " as fine as silk," — in good order for a bruisijig heat. He extended him- self with a degree of ease in the second heat, and changed his action in a manner that convinced us that the sweat had relieved him. Wagner, who resembles Boston in many other respects, showed all that placidity and calmness of look and motion which characterizes " the old White-nose." Great odds were ofifered on him for the race, but small amounts only were staked. Grey Eagle's noble bearing and game-cock look, as he came up to contest in a second heat for the meed of honor and applause, was the theme of universal admiration ; so much so, indeed, that a cargo of laces, gloves, bijouterie, etc., must have been required to pay the wagers made in the Ladies' Pavilion.
Second Heat, — The tap of the drum sent them away with a beautiful start, AYagner leading off with a steady, business-like stride, while Grey Eagle, as full of game as of beauty, waited upon him close up. It was instantly evident that Mr. Burbridge had changed his tactics ; the moment Stephen got Grey Eagle into straight work on the back side, he made play for the track, and after a terrific burst of speed for one hundred and fifty yards, he came in front ; keeping u]3 his stroke, he soon after made a gap of four lengths, and though Wagner drew upon him a little in coming up the rising ground towards the stand, yet he passed it far enough in advance to M^arrant the warm and hearty plaudits of his friends. As if inspirited by the cheers of the crowd, and the tokens of unalloyed gratification exhibited by the galaxy of radiant beauty in the stands. Grey Eagle kept up his murderous rate throughout the entire second mile ; Wagner lay up close, and there was no faltering, no flinching, no giving back, on the part of either. The stride was over twenty-two feet, perfectly steady, strong, and regular, with no dwelling, no floundering, no laboring. Grey Eagle made the running to beyond the half-mile post on the third mile, and the
264 THE nORSE.
pace seemed too good to last, but there were " links " yet to be "let out," From this point the two cracks made a match of it, in which Queen Mary had as little apparent concern as if out of the race. Near the Oakland House, Wagner set to work to do or die. '-'■ Rowel him iip ! " shouted his owner to Cato ; while Garrison, at the head of the quarter stretch, was waving his hat to him to come on ! The rally that ensued down the descent to the turn, was desperate, but Wagner could not gain an inch ; as they swung round into the quarter stretch they were lapped ; " spur your proud coursers hard and ride ii blood ! " were the orders on this, as they are described to have been on Bosworth "field." Both horses got a taste of steel and catgut as they came up the ascent, and on cast- ing our eye along the cord extending across the course from the judges' to the club stands. Grey Eagle was the first under it by a head and shoulders ; at the turn Stephen manoeuvred so as to press Wagner on the outside, and soon after drew out clear in front, looking so much like a winner that the crowd, unable to repress an irresistible impulse, sent uj) a cheer that made the welkin ring for miles around. The group on Wagner's stable again bid him " go on ! " but Cato, " calm as a summer's morn- ing," was quietly biding his time ; he seemed to feel that Patience has won more dollars than Haste has coppers, and that there was but a solitary chance of winning the race out of the fire. Fully aware of the indomitable game of the nonpareil under him, he thought if he could bottle him up for a few hun- dred yards there was still another run to be got out of him. He accordingly took a bracing pull on his horse, and though it was "go along" every inch, Wagner recovered his wind so as to come again at the head of the quarter stretch. Stephen, long ere this, had become so exhausted as to be u able to give Grey Eagle the support he required ; he rode wide, swerving consid- erably from a straight line, and was frequently all abroad in his seat. From the Oakland House home, it was a terrible race ! By the most extraordinary exertions Wagner got up neck and neck with " the gallant gray," as they swung round the turn into the quarter stretch. The feelings of the assembled thou- sands were wrought up to a pitch absolutely painful — silence the most profound reigned over that vast assembly, as these
SUMMARY. 265
noble animals sjjed on as if life and death called fortli their utmost energies. Both jockeys had their whip-hands at work, and at every stroke, each spur, with a desperate stab, was buried to the rowel head. Grey Eagle, for the first hundred yards, was clearly gaining ; but in another instant Wagner was even with him. Both were out and doing their best. It was any body's race yet ! Now "Wagner — now Grey Eagle has the advantage. It will be a dead heat ! " See ! Grey Eagle's got him ! " — " ]^o — Wagner's ahead ! " A moment ensues — the people shout — hearts throb — ladies faint — a thrill of emotion, and the race is over ! Wagner wins by a neck, in 7.44, the best race ever run south of the Potomac ; while Kentucky's gallant champion demonstrates his claim to that proud title, by a per- formance which throws into the shade the most brilliant ever made in his native State. Summary ; —
MONDAY, Sept. 80, 1S39.— Sweepstakes for all ages, 3 yr. olds carrying 86 lbs.— 4, 100—5, 110— 6, 118 — 7 and upwards, 124 lbs. ; mares and geldings allowed 3 lbs. Ten subscribers at $2,000 each, h. ft., to which the Proprietor added the receipts of the Stands. Four-mile heats.
Jas. S. Garrison's — John Campbell's — ch. h. Wagner, by Sir Charles, out of Maria West, by
Marion, 5 yrs Cato. 1 1
Oliver & Dickey's — A. L. Shotwell's — gr. c. Grey Eagle, by 'Woo.lpeeker, out of Ophelia, by
"Wild Medley, 4 yrs Stephen Welch. 2 2
Capt. Willa Viley's ch. f. Qu-een Mary, by Bertrand, dam by Brimmer, 4 yrs. . . .33
Bradley & Steel's ch. c. Ilawk-Eye, by Sir Lovell, out of Pressure's dam, by Jenkins' Sir
William, 4 yrs . . dist.
Time, 7.48—7.44.
To say that Wagner was better managed and better jockeyed in this race than Gre}* Eagle, is to express the opinion of every unprejudiced individual who had the pleasure of witnessing it. What might have been the result of the race., we cannot pre- tend to say, but we assert with perfect confidence our belief, that with Gil. Patrick on his back, Grey Eagle would have won the second heat. People difi'er in opinion, luckily, and were it not so we should be in a mass. Had the managers of Grey Eagle been content to bide their time, another tale might have been told. " Wait and win " carries off more purses than "Take the track and keep it." Grey Eagle could outfoot Wag- ner in a brush of one hundred and fifty yards — he clearly de- monstrated that fact half a dozen times in the course of the week ; but in a run of five or six hundred yards, Wagner could beat him about the same distance. Tlie two horses were so nearly matched that good generalship and good riding did the
2C6 THE HORSE.
business. Instead of allowing liim to go forward and cut out the work, Grej Eagle should have been laid quietly behind, with a steady, bracing pull, until within the distance stand, and then pulled out, and made to win if he could. That was his only chance ; tiring down Wagner is like tiring down a lo- comotive.
"We must here break off, but not without remarking that after being weighed, Cato was put up again on Wagner, and with the stakes in his hand — $14,000 !— he jDromenaded in front of the stand, preceded by a band of music, playing " Old Vir- ginny never tireP In bringing our report of this memorable race to a conclusion, we must not neglect to record the gratify- ing fact, that notwithstanding the immense throng of spectators on the ground, and the peculiar excitement of the occasion, not a solitary circumstance occurred calculated for a moment to interrupt the harmony and general good feeling which pre- vailed on all hands.
We have not room to give the details of the running on the intermediate days of the meeting. Sufhce to say that the fine Medoc filly Cub, won the Post stake for 3 yrs. olds, in 3.45-^ — 3.44 ; — that the Woodpecker colt Ralph won the three-mile purse cleverly, in 5.50 each heat ; — that the Eclipse mare Mis- souri won the Oakland Plate, two-mile heats, in 3.50 — 3.44 — 3.50 ; — and that several other exhibitions of beauty, game, and speed, were given during the week. The first race between Wagner and Grey Eagle came off on Monday ; on Saturday they again came out for the Jockey Club purse of $1,500, four- mile heats. Throughout the week the weather had been de- lightful, and the attendance good enough to realize $15,000 to the spirited proprietor ; but on this day tliere was an immense gathering from far and near, and the sun never shone out on a more lovely morning. The attraction, it must be confessed, could not have been surpassed — Wagner and Grey Eagle were again to come together! After their race on Monday, both par- ties immediately interested were willing to draw off their forces and enjoy an honorable armistice until next spring ; but the in- terference and misrepresentation of sanguine friends ultimately broke off the truce existing between them, and the high con- tracting parties set about prosecuting the war with greater zeal
THE SECOND RACE. 267
and energy than ever. Some one wrote from Louisville, direct- ly after the race, to the effect that Wagner had declined to meet Grey Eagle in a match for $10,000, four-mile heats ; which let- ter made its appearance in the column of a Lexington journal. This statement the friends of Grey Eagle did not deny, though it was made without their authority ; and in consequence Wag- ner was forced to notice it. In an article " by authority," from the pen of a distinguished correspondent of the " Spirit of the Times," published in the Louisville " Journal " on the 5tli Oc- tober, the writer remarked to the following effect ; —
" Wag7ie7' and Grey Eagle. — The repidatioii of his horse is dear to a turfman, and it is his duty to shield and defend it as he would his own honor. The contest between Wagner and Grey Eagle will long be remembered by those who witnessed it. Wagner's honors were nobly won ; he earned them in a field where every inch of ground was closely contested ; and any one who would attempt to pluck a laurel from his brow, by false- hood or misrepresentation, deserves the scoi'n of every honor- able man.
" The writer of this has been induced to make these remarks, from the fact that a letter has been published in a Lexington paper, written from Louisville, containing a statement that Grey Eagle had challenged Wagner for $10,000, and the latter had declined the contest. This statement is positively /aZse, and the owners of Grey Eagle will cheerfully bear testimony to the truth of the assertion. The facts of the case are these ; Warner had gained a victory over Grey Eagle — a victory in which even the defeated party gained the brightest laurels, and won lor himself imperishable fame. Hence Wagner's friends prized his victory the more highly ; and, with that courtesy towards the friends of Grey Eagle which is ever due from the victor to the vanquished, they would have been willing to leave Kentucky, perfectly satisfied with his performance. But the communica- tion, above referred to, leaves but one course to the owner of Wagner. He is willing to run him against Grey Eagle, or any other horse in the United States, four-mile heats, for $10,000, or any amount above that sum. This offer is made with no dis- position to detract from the reputation of the game and gallant Grey Eagle, but solely on account of justice to Wagner, who
268 THE HORSE.
lias been placed in a situation by sotne of the friends of Grey Eagle that leaves no alternative."
The article just quoted made its appearance in the "•' Journal " on the morning of the second race, which we are about to de- scribe ; but the friends of Grey Eagle were prepared to see it. If we are not very much mistaken, it was read to its owner, as it was to several of his friends, two days before its publication, but was delayed in the hope that Grey Eagle's friends would contradict the statement alluded to. In the mean time both horses were got in order to make another race. We saw both immediately after their first race, and on the following moi'n- ing ; both recovered well, and Grey Eagle especially so, exhib- iting very little stiffness or soreness. They improved from that time up to Saturday morning, and we never saw two high-met- tled racers in finer condition than they were when stripjDcd to run their second race.
In anticiiDation of a race, which, for severity and interest, would throw their first in the shade, both j^arties were wide awake to secure every honorable advantage within their reach. "Wagner's rider, Cato, had become free about the time of the first race ; if he rode the second as well as he did the first, many were the odd twenties and fifties he was promised. Ste- phen Welch, Grey Eagle's jockey in his first race, weighing but 82 lbs., the managers of the horse endeavored to find a rider nearer up to his proper weight, 100 lbs. The only one on the ground preferable to their own, was Mr. McCargo's Archer, a very capital rider, with a good seat, a steady hand, and a cool head. Mr. McCargo having no interest whatever in the race, at once placed Archer's services at the disposal of Grey Eagle's friends ; but as his doing so might possibly place him in a position of great delicacy and embarrassment, at his own request they relieved him from it, and concluded to put uj) Stephen Welch again, whose only fault was that there was not enough of him !
After the race on Monday, the topic of conversation in every circle was the prospect of a second one between the rival champions. The Wagner party were not anxious for a race, but they would not avoid one ; their horse had not only realized their expectations, but had exceeded their most san-
THE SECOND RACE. 269
guine hopes, and tliey were prepared to back liim to " the size of their pile." And well did that noble son of a worthy sire justify the high opinion of his friends — a small circle, it is true, but they were stanch and true ; and when it came to " putting up the mopusses," there were enough of them to " suit customers " and no mistake ! The friends of Grey Eagle had every reason to be proud of the first performance of their horse, and they Avere so. He was the first discoverer of " the Forties " in a four-mile race, ever bred in Kentucky, and he had explored the degrees of pace to the latitude of 44, below the Equator ! All this he had done as an untried four-year-old, and if his friends backed him with less confidence now, it was on account of the severe race he had made five days previous. He was in fine health, and his look and action indicated all the spirit and courage of a game-cock, but it was thought physical- ly impossible for him to make such another race as his first in the same week. The betting consequently settled down at two and three to one on "Wagner.
It will naturally be supposed that the rumor of o. seco7id ionv- mile race between these two cracks, attracted an immense crowd of spectators. Many persons came down from Cincinnati, while the citizens of Lexington, Frankfort, Georgetown, and the circle of towns for fifty miles about Louisville, turned out in great numbers. Again the city was crowded, and on the morning of the race every carriage and horse in town was in requisition. Many were glad to get out to the course and call it " riding," when jolting along in a bone-setter, compared with which rid- ing on a white-oak rail would be fun ! Again the ladies turned out en masse, to grace the scene with their radiant beauty, and "lend enchantment to the view" of the race — and themselves.
The jockeys having received their instructions from the judges, " mounted in hot haste," Cato on "Wagner, and Stephen Welch on Grey Eagle. The third entry was Messrs. Viley & "Ward's Emily Johnson — own sister to Singleton, and half sister to Mistletoe — a four-year-old bay filly by Bertrand, out of Black-eyed Susan, She was not in prime fit, and could not, therefore, live in such a crowd.
270 THE HORSE.
THE EACE.
At the word " Go," Wagner went off with the lead at about three parts speed, Emily laying second, and all three under a strong pull. Grey Eagle's long, steady stride, after getting into straight work going doM^n the hack stretch, soon brought him up with the field, and opposite the Oakland House — about 300 yards beyond the half-mile post — the three were lapped. Tlie pace now improved ; Grey Eagle drew out at the last turn, but Wagner having the inside, and beginning to get warm, made sharp running up the stretch to the stand, and on the next turn came out clear in front. Down the back stretch they each kept up a good racing stroke, but at the Oakland House Grey Eagle increased his stride and locked Wagner ; as neither was yet called upon, a very fair view was had of their relative rate of going ; Grey Eagle led down to the head of the stretch and up to the stand by half a length, and immediately after came in front. He carried on the running two lengths in advance to near the termination of the mile, when Wagner got a hint to extend himself; without lapping him, Wagner waited ujDon him close up, and opposite the Oakland House made his run ; the rally that ensued was a very brilliant affair, but Grey Eagle outfooted him in one hundred yards, and drew out clear amidst tremendous cheers from all parts of the course. The instant Wagner declined, Emily took his place, lapping the gray as they swung round the turn. But Wagner had yet another run left, and they had no sooner got into the quarter-stretch than Cato set to work with him. Grey Eagle had been able to pull to Emily, and accordingly when Wagner, by an extraordinary effort, reached him, half way up the stretch, he was able to outfoot him a second time, and came away home a gallant win- ner by nearly a length, Emily having the second place, amidst the waving of hats and handkerchiefs, and tumultuous cheers, that would well nigh have drowned the roar of Niagara ! The first mile was run in 2.05 — the second in 1.55 — the third in 1:56 — the fourth in 1.55 ; making the time of the heat 7.51.
The heartfelt gratification and rapture exhibited at the close of the heat by the assembled thousands, knew no bounds. Kentucky's most distinguished sons, and her loveliest daughters,
THE SECOND HEAT. 271
felt .alike interested, and Grey Eagle's success was enjoyed as if each was personally concerned. The odds, from being two and three to one in favor of "Wagner, now changed, and Grey Eagle had the call at four to three. Considerable sums were staked, as Garrison declared " the old sorrel stud " had sulked, but would show his hand the next heat. The fact was, Grey Eagle for the first time had been properly managed ; instead of run- ning tlie whole last half mile, he had taken advantage of the ground, and made his first run down the descent from the Oak- land House to the head of the stretch, and then being braced up for three hundred yards, which allowed him time to recover his wind, he was able to come again and make a second rally, as brilliant as the first. As we before remarked, we think Wag- ner could beat Grey Eagle by a desperate rush for six hundred yards at the heel of a very fast lieat, but not over a head and shoulders at that ; wiiile Grey Eagle had so much more speed, tliat in a brush of one hundred and fifty yards he could let in the daylight between them. With so light and feeble a rider as Stephen on his back, it was impossible to place Grey Eagle exactly as his managers would have liked, though he is a fine- tempered horse, and runs kindly ; the result of the race, we trust, will be a caution to them hereafter, how they venture in a race of so much importance without providing that most in- dispensable of requisites to success — a suitable jockey.
Both horses perspired freely, and in much less time than could have been expected they cooled out finely ; neither hung out a signal of distress, but came up for the second heat with distended nostrils and eyes of fire, betokening the most un- flinching courage.
At the tap of the drum the horses were hardly in motion, and Cato drew his whip on Wagner the very first jump. The pace was little better than a hand gallop for the first half mile, but as Wagner led past the entrance gate, Gooding bid him " go along," and he increased his rate. Stephen seeing this, let the gray out a link, and in going down the descending ground below the Oakland House, went up on the inside so suddenly, that he had locked Wagner before Cato was aware of his close proximity. The run up the quarter stretch was a pretty fast thing, though neither was doing his best; the time of the
272 THE HOESE.
mile was 2.08. The crowd cheered them as tliey ran lapped past the stand, at which Grey Eagle pricked up his ears and set to work in earnest, shaking off Wagner at the next turn. The race had now commenced ; Stephen braced his horse as well as he was able, and kept him up to his rate down the entire length of the back stretch. At tlie Oakland House Gate again called on Wagner, and steel and catgut came into j^laj. The galhint gray led clear to the turn, and half way uj) the sti'etch, Stephen beginning to use his whip-hand, and to give the nonpareil under him an occasional eye-opener with the spur. This mile was run in 1.52. They passed the stand neck and neck, Emily being already nearly out of Iier distance. From the stand to the first turn the ground is descending, and here almost invariably Grey Eagle gained upon Wagner, who kept up one steady stride from end to end, without flinching or fal- tering, and able always to do a little more when persuaded by the cold steel with which Cato plied him ever and anon through- out the heat. We said they passed the stand on the second mile neck and neck ; when they reached the turn Grey Eagle had got in front, but no sooner had they come into straight work on the back side, than Wagner made a most determined challenge and locked him ; the contest was sj^lendid, and was maintained with unflincliing game and spirit; at the end of TOO yards, however. Grey Eagle had the best of it, for in spite of Cato's most desperate efforts Wagner could only reach Stephen's knee; Grey Eagle seemed able, after a brush of one hundred yards, to come again with renewed vigor, if well braced, for a dozen strides. Down the descent on the last half mile Grey Eagle maintained his advantage, but on ascending towards the stand Wagner's strength told, and they came through under whip and spur, Wagner having his head and neck in front, running this mile in 1.55. Stephen was here instructed to take a strong pull on his horse, and to '•'-keep him moving,^'' while "ram the spurs into him^^ were the orders to Cato. The result was, that Wag- ner came in front, and the pace down the entire back stretch was tremendous, both being kept up to their rate by the most terrible punishment. Unfortunately, Stephen was directed to " take the trach^^ about opposite the Oakland House, instead of putting the issue on a brush up the last 200 yards of the heat.
THE THIRD HEAT. 273
Too soon the gallant Grey was called upon, but true as steel the noble animal responded to it. With the most dauntless courage he made his run down the descending ground, and though Wag- ner, like the bravest of the brave, as he is, made the most despe- rate efforts, Grey Eagle came round the last turn on the outside, with his head and shoulders in front, at a fiiglit of speed we never saw equalled. Both jockeys were nearly faint with their exertions, and Stephen, poor fellow, lost his presence of mind. Up to the distance stand it was impossible to say which was ahead ; whips and spurs had been in constant requisition the entire mile, but at this moment Stephen gave up his pull, and unconsciously yawed his horse across the track, which broke him off his stride, while Cato, holding Wagner well together, and mercilessly dashing in his spurs, at length brought him through a gallant winner by a neck, having run the last mile in 1.48, and the heat in 7.43 !
This was without exception the most game and spirited race we ever witnessed. The heat was Wagner's, and while we ac- cord to him all the reputation so brilliantly won after a bloody struggle of near three miles, we feel bound to express the be- lief, that for an untried four-year-old. Grey Eagle's perform- ance is without a parallel in the annals of the American Turf ! The last three miles of a second heat, in a second four-mile race the same week, were run in 5.35, and the eighth mile in 1.48 !
The enthusiasm of the spectators was now excited to the highest pitch. There was not on the ground, probably, an in- dividual who would not have been pleased to see the horses withdrawn, and the purse divided between them, rather than farther task the indomitable game and courage of these noble animals ; but no such proposition was made, and after the usual respite they were brought to the post a third time, and it would have been difficult to decide which had recovered best. So much feeling was manifested in reference to the horses, that the baser impulses to bet on the result of the concluding heat were almost entirely disregarded ; odds, however, were in a few in- stances offered on Wasner.
In detailing the contest for the third heat, we are compelled to record
" A few of the unpleasantest words That e'er man writ on paper .' "
Vol. L— 18
274 THE HOESE.
At the word " Go," tliey broke off with a racing stride, Wagner taking the lead by about two lengths ; the pace was moderate, for Stephen on Grey Eagle was expressly charged to pull him steady, and wait for orders. "Wagner accordingly led with an easy stroke through the first mile, and being cheered as he passed the stand, he widened the gap soon after to four or five lengths. At the half-mile post Grey Eagle made play, and had nearly closed the gap as they came 023posite the Oak- land House, when he suddenly faltered as if shot, and after limping a step or two, abruj)tly stopped ! " Grey Eagle has let down ! " was the cry on all hands, and when the sj)ectators be- came aware of the truth of the painful announcement, the tear- ful eyes of a radiant host of Kentucky's daughters, and the heartfelt sorrow depicted in the countenance of her sons, indi- cated the sincerity of the sympathy with which they regarded the untimely accident to their game and gallant champion ? It was supposed, on a hasty examination, that Grey Eagle had given way in the back sinews of his left fore leg, but it has since been ascertained that the injury was in the coffin joint. Mr. Burbridge on the instant tightly bandaged the leg with a stout strip of dry canvas, which being kept wet, would have prevented the horse from coming down on his pastern joints even had his leaders given way. A fortnight after the race the horse promised to recover perfectly ; Mr. Shotwell informed us that the ankle and joint were a little swollen, but that neither the horse's pastern nor cannon bones were affected, and his leaders were as sound as ever. We doubt, however, whether he will ever stand another training; a slight wrench would render him as lame as ever. We need not add, that, while his owners and managers have the cordial sympathy of their friends, and the Sporting World generally, there is no one " with soul so dead " as to withhold the expression of their ad- miration of the gallant gray, and their heartiest wishes for his speedy recovery.
Soon after Grey Eagle was stopped, Cato pulled Wagner out of his stride, and galloped him slowly round. The intelHgence of the High Mettled Racer was clearly indicated by Wagner's subsequent action ; from the head of the stretch home he inva- riably went at a racing pace, and appeared as if he did not
GKEY EAGLE BREAKS DOWN.
275
know what was required of him, frequently bursting off in spite of his rider. On the fourth mile, as he passed his own stable, the rubbers and riders standing on its roof gave him a hearty cheer, and the gallant horse broke off, and in spite of Cato's utmost exertions, ran at the very top of his speed for near- ly 500 yards, as if plied with steel and whalebone the whole way ! We never saw a more magnificent exhibition of un- flinching game ; even the friends of Grey Eagle forgot their dis- tress for a moment, in doing justice by a cheer to the gallant and victorious champion of Louisiana ! Recapitulation ; —
Saturday, Oct. 5. — Jockey Club purse, $1,500, conditions as before, four-mile heats. Jas. S. Garrison's, John Campbell's, ch. h. Wagner, by Sir Charles, out of Maria West,
by Marion, 5 years, ......... Cato. 311
A. L. Shotwell's gr. c. Grey Eagle, by Woodpecker, out of Ophelia, by Wild Medley,
4 years, ......... Stephen Welch. 12*
Willa Viley's b. f. Emily Johnson, own sister to Singleton, by Bertrand, out of Black- Eyed Susan, by Tiger, 4 years, . . . . . . . .2 dist
Time, 7.51 — 7.43 — third heat, no time kept. * Grey Eagle gave way in second mile.
For more convenient reference, we repeat the time of each mile in tabular form ; —
FIBST HEAT.
1st mile 2.05
2d mile 1.55
3d mile 1.56
4th mile 1.55
7.51 American Turf Register, vol. II., p. 119.
SECOND HEAT.
1st mile 2.08
2d mile 1.52
3d mile 1.55
4th mile 1.48
7.43
THIRD HEAT.
No time kept, as Grey Eagle gave way in running the second mile.
The event of this race is one of the things which lead me to deprecate the extremity to which four-mile heat racing is carried in America.
That such races test to the utmost the pluck, the endurance, and the powers of the blood-horse, is granted. That they must kill, at last, is certain.
The question is this ; Cannot a horse's game, his endurance, and his speed be tested, short of destroying his physical ability ever to prove them more ?
Tliere must be a limit even to the wear of a machine. I do think that such exhibitions as the twenty-mile race, from the ef- fects of which one mare died, and, probably, not one fully recov- ered— as "Wagner's and Grey Eagle's two four-mile races within five days, and other similar performances — are to be honored in the avoidance, not the imitation. — H. W. H.
PEDIGREE,
CHARACTERISTICS, AND PERFORMANCES OF BOSTON.
Boston was bred by the late John "Wickham, Esq., of Rich- mond, Ya., the eminent jurisconsult, and was foaled in Henrico County, in 1833. He was got by the celebrated Timoleon, out of Robin Brown's dam — an own sister to Tuckahoe, also bred by Mr. W. — by Ball's Elorizel, her dam by Imp. Alderman, out of a mare by Imp. Clockfast — her grandam by Symmes' "Wild- air. Young Kitty Fisher, by imp. Fearnought ; Carter Brox- ton's imp. Kitty Fisher, by Cade, by Cullin's Arabian ; Bald Charlotte, by Old Royal, by Bethel's Castaway, by Brimmer. For a detailed memoir and a portrait of Boston, see the old " Spirit of the Times," of March Tth, 1810. Boston was sold by Mr. "Wickham, in his 2 yr. old form to Mr. Nathaniel Rives, of Richmond, Ya., for $800, and was trained in 1836-7, by Capt. John Belcher, who had charge of one " cavalry corps " from Col. Johnson's stable, while Arthur Taylor had another. Cornelius, a colored lad, was Boston's jockey up to 2Tth April, 1839. Ever since the Spring campaign of 1838, Boston has been trained by Arthur Taylor and ridden by Gil. Patrick, until this Spring, when Craig took Gil.'s place, the latter having gone to Kentucky to ride several important races, all of which he won. In May, 1839, after the 1st heat of his race against Decatur and Yashti, Boston was sold to Mr. James Long, of "Washington City, for $12,000 and half of the purse, and he is still owned by Mr. L. and Col. "Wm. R. Johnson, of Petersburg, Ya.
Boston is a chestnut, with white stockings on both hind feet, and a white stripe down the face. In other respects than color and marks, Boston closely resembles the British phenomenon,
PEEFOEMANCES OF BOSTON. 277
Harkaway. They have alike prodigious depth of chest, and im- mensely powerful loins, thighs, and hocks. Boston is a trifle only above 15| hands high, under the standard, but to the eye seems taller, owing to his immense substance ; he is a short-limbed horse, with a barrel rather flat, or " slab-sided " than round, and well-ribbed home, while his back is a prodigy of strength ; ten pounds extra weight would hardly " set him back any." Though he has occasionally sulked, Boston runs on his courage, and is never ridden with spurs. He is no beauty, his neck and head being unsightly, while his hips are ragged, rendering him " a rum 'un to look at ; " that he is " a good' im to go," however, we imagine will be generally conceded after reading the annexed recapitulation of
HIS PEEFOEMANCES. 1836.
April 20. Broad Rock, Va Sweeepstakes.. Mile heats lost %
Boston, 3 yrs. old, bolted in the first heat, when running ahead. Oct. 12. Petersburg, Va Purse Two-mile heats won 300
Beating N. Biddle, Mary Archie, Juliana, John Floyd, and ch. f. by Henry.
Nov. 3. Hanover, C. H., Va Purse Three-mile heats won 400
Beating Betsey Minge, Upton Heath, Nick Biddle, Alp, Bayard, and a Gohanna filly.
1837.
May 4. "Washington City Purse Three-mile heats won 500
Beating Norwood, Mary Selden, Meteor, Lydia, bro. to Virginia Graves. Oct. 5. Washington City Purse Three-mile heats won 500
Beating Prince George, Stockton, Mary Selden, Virginia Graves, Caroline Snowdcn, and Leesburg, in 5.50 — 5.52. Oct. 19. Baltimore, Md Purse Three-mile heats won 500
Beating Camsidel, Cippus, and Bed Kat, in 5.51 — 6.08. Oct. 26. Camden, N. J Purse Three-mile heats won 500
Beating Betsey, Andrew and Tipton, in 5.51 — 6.02.
1838. May 3. Union Course, L. I Purse Three-mile heats won 500
Boston, now 5 yrs. old, walked over.
May 18. Beacon Course, N. J. ..Purse ., ..Four-mile heats won 1,000
Beating Dosoris, without extending himself.
May 25. Camden, N. J. Purse Four-mile heats won 1,000
Beating Decatur, who had just distanced Fanny Wyatt, in a match for $10,000, in 7.45, at "Washington.
June 1. Union Course, L. I Purse Four-mile heats won 1,000
Beating Charles Carter, who broke down, in 7.40— the first three miles run in5.36J!II
June 8. Beacon Course, N. J.. ..Purse Four-mile heats won 1,000
Beating Duano, who won the first heat, in 7.52—7.54—8.30. B. sulked.
278 THE H0E8E.
Oct. 4. PetQTsburg, Va Purse Four-mile heats won $700
Beating Polly Green in a canter. Oct. 13. Baltimore, Md Purse Four-mile heats won 700
Beating Balie Peyton, who had won a heat from Duane in 7.42. Oct. 19. Baltimore, Md Purse Four-mile heats rec. 500
Boston was paid $500 out of the pnrse not to start. Oct. 27. Camden, N. J Purse Four-mile heats rec. 500
Boston was paid $500 out of the purse not to start. Nov. 2. Union Course, L. I Purse Four-mile heats won 1,000
Beating Decatur with ease in 8.00 — 7.57}. Nov. 9. Beacon Course, N. J. ...Purse Four-mile heats won 1,000
Beating Decatur. This year B. won nine Jockey Club Purses, and received $1,000 more for not starting.
1839.
April 16. Petersburg, Va Match Two-mile heats lost.
Beaten by Portsmouth, in 3.50—3.48." B. being off his foot. April 27. Broad Rock, Va Purse Three-mile heats won 500
Beating Lady Clifden and Brocklesby in 5.46 with ease— the best time ever mado on this course. May 9. Washington City Purse Four-mile heats won 800
Beating Tom Walker, Black Knight, Eeliance, and Sam Brown, in 7.53 — 8.06. May 24. Camden, N. J Purse Four-mile heats won 1,000
Boston, now 6 yrs., walked over, though several "cracks" wore on the ground. May 31. Trenton, N. J Purse Four-mile heats won 1,000
Beating Decatur and Vashti with ease. V. had just won a 2d heat in 7.46. June 7. Union Course, L.I Purse Four-mile heats won 1,000
Beating Decatur and Balie Peyton cleverly in 7.47 — 8.02. Sept. 26. Petersburg, Va P. and Stake.... Four-mile heats won 7,000
Beating The Queen and Omega in 8.02 — 7.52 — best time made on the course to this date. Oct. 17. Camden, N. J P. and Stake.... Four-mile heats won 7,000
Beating Omega in 7.49. O. had won a heat at "Washington in 7.40 1 Oct. 23. Trenton, N. J Purse Four-mile heats won 1,000
Beating Decatur and Master Henry in 7.57 — 7.56.
1840.
May 1. Petersburg, Va Purse Four-mile heats won 700
Beating Andrewetta, who won the 1st heat, in 7.50— 8.04— the best time ever made on the course. May 8. Washington City Purse Four-mile heats won 1,000
Beating Eeliance and Cippus without a straggle. Misy 22. Camden, N. J. Jockey Club Purse. .Four-mile heats won 1,000
Boston walked o.ver. Bandit was entered, but withdrawn. Oct. 2. Petersburg, Va Purse Four-mile heats won 700
Beating Bandit, who was drawn after tst heat, in 7.57. Oct. 8. Broad Rock, Va Purse Three-mile heats won 500
Beating Texas, Balie Peyton, and Laneville, in 5.56 — 5.49. Dec. 7. Augusta, Ga Match Four-mile heats won 10,000
Beating Gano in a gallop in 7.57, after which G. was drawn. Dec. 17. Augusta, Ga Purse Four-mile heats won 800
Beating Santa Anna and Omega in 7.59—7.49.
WINOTNGS OF BOSTON. 279
1841.
In the Spring Boston stood at Chesterfield, Va., and covered 42 mares
at $100 each. Sept. 30. Petersburg, Va Purse Four-mile heats won TOO
Beating Texas without an effort Oct. 8. Alexandria, D. C Purse Four-mile heats won 800
Boston walked over though several cracks were present. Oct. 15. "Washington City Purse Four-mile heats won 800
Beating Accident, Ned Hazard, and Greenhill with ease. Oct. 21. Baltimore, Md Purse Four-mile heats won 600
Beating Mariner, who won 1st heat in 8.00^—8.05— 8.10— course very heavy.
Oct. 28. Camden, N. J Purse Four-mile heats lost
Distanced by John Blount and Fashion in 7.42 — Blount broke down in 2d heat, which
was won by Fashion in 7.4S. Boston dead amiss, unable to run a mile under 2.10.
In 1&42, started live times ; won three ; lost two.
May 1-3, Union Course, L. I., purse, four mile heats 1,000
May 26, Camden, N. J., purse, four-mile heats 800
Oct. 21, Baltimore, Md., purse, four-mile heats 600
In 1843, started once, and won. Sept. 28, Petersburg, Va., ^mrse, three-mile heats 800
Started 45 times, won 40, lost 5; total winnings S51,200
Thirty of these races at four-mile heats, five he walked for ; nine three-mile heats, walked for one ; and one at two-mile heats.
It is due to Boston to state, that in his four-year-old form he was prevented from starting for the large purses offered for four- mile heats, by being in the same stable with Atalanta, Lady Clif- den, Argyle and Mary Blunt. And it is no less due to him than to his liberal and high-spirited owners to add, that from a regard to the best interests of the Turf, they have frequently allowed him to remain in his stable, when by starting him they could have taken the purses without an effort. Boston, after his match with Gano, at Augusta, could have won a Jockey Club purse there, and at Savannah and Charleston. In the Spring of 1840, he started but twice, though he could have easily won every four- mile purse given between Petersburg and Long Island. His owners, in the latter instance, were personally appealed to, and consented to send him home from Washington, while one of the Northern proprietors proposed to exclude him from running. Several other occasions might be named on which Boston has been withdrawn from the contest, at the request of the pro- prietors of courses, upon a representation that his entrance would destroy the sport and disappoint the public.
Boston now at the advanced age of eight years, after a racing career of unparalleled severity is still as sound as a dollar, with legs as free from blemish as a 3 yr. old. The field of his bril- liant, never-fading victories extends from ISTew York to Georgia, and he has not only beaten, one after another, every liorse within
280 THE HOKSE.
his reach, but he has challenged all others, offering to meet them on their own ground. Napoleon found a Waterloo and so has Boston, but the latter is beaten, not defeated ; like the former, it will be found that " he is never more to be feared than in his reverses." When dead amiss he was beaten, it is true ; the race was a splendid one — one of the best ever run in America — but Boston had no part in it ; he could not have beaten a cocktail on that occasion, and instead of being backed as usual at " 1,000 to 300, nineteen times over," his owners did not lay out a dollar on him ! Since he was taken up this Fall his owners determined to give him a trial, to see whe- ther his speed or game had been affected by his services in the breeding stud. An eye-witness of this trial, who went over two hundred miles to see it, has assured us that it was not only the best trial Boston ever made, but it was the best trial ever made over a course which has been trained on for half a century ! Since that event, Boston has offered to run four-mile heats " against any two horses in the world^'' for $45,000, which was not accepted, and since his defeat at Camden, by Fashion, he has challenged her to run him next Spring for $20,000. The winner of this match will richly merit and most assuredly re- ceive the proud title of Champion of the American Tukf ; let us hope, therefore, that each will come to the post in tip-top condition, and we may confidently anticipate witnessing the best race without exception ever run in America. *
Boston's pedigree in extenso^ as given in the 13th volume of the " American Turf Register ; " —
1833. Boston, ch., h., by Timoleon, out of Robin Brown's dam, own sister to Tuckahoe and Revenge, by Florizel ; her dam — the grandam, too, of Luda, — by English Alderman ; great grandam by English Clockfast, and her dam by Symme's Wil- dair. Gr. grandam Young Kitty Fisher, by imp. Fearnought, her dam imp. Kitty Fisher, by Cade — by Cullen's Arabian, Bald Charlotte, by Old Royal — by Bethell's Castaway, by Brimmer.
1813. Timoleon, by Sir Archy, dam by English Saltram. grandam by Wildair, &c. — See Genealogy, 2.
1805. Sir Archy, by English Diomed, dam by English Rock- ingliam, grandam Tabitha, own sister to Miss Kingsland — out of Pegasus's dam — by Trentham. — See Genealogy, 3.
* See Note * on page 283.
boston's ancestry. 281
1781. Eockingham, as a race-horse, the best son of High- flyer— Herod's best son — out of Purity, by Matchem, &c.
1780. Saltram, by Eclipse, out of Yirago by Snap — Eegu-
lus, &Q.
1801. Florizel, by English Diomed, dam by English Shark, grandam by Harris's Eclipse — son of English Fearnought, out of English Stella, by Shakspeare — Cassandra, &c. ; — Fearnought — Jolly Roger, &c. Like English Eclipse, Florizel, in his bril- liant career, was neither touched by whip nor spur, no competitor being able to come near him ; yet Sir Archy is regarded as the best son of Diomed.
1777. Diomed, ch., by Florizel — son of Herod — dam by Spectator — Blank — Childers — Miss Belvoir, &c.
1787. Alderman, by Pot8os, out of Lady Bolingbroke, by Squirrel, out of Herod's dam, Cypron, by Blaze.
1774. Clockfast, by Gimcrack, out of Miss Ingram, by Regains.
1777. "Wildair, Symme's, by English Fearnought, dam, by English Jolly Roger, out of English Kitty Fisher, by Cade.
1755. Fearnought, by Regulns — son of the Godolphin Ara- bian— dam by Whitenose, by Rattle — Darley Arabian — Bay Arabian — Helmsley Turk, &c.
1741. Jolly Roger, by Roundhead — son of Childers, — dam by Partner, &c.
Tliose conversant with English pedigrees, will at once see how largely Boston's blood partakes of that of the Darley and Godolphin Arabian, and of the Byerly Turk, through their most renowned descendants. Flying Childers, Eclipse, Snap, Herod, Highflyer, &c. We will here take a review of some of these patriarchs of the Turf connected with Boston's pedigree, and of some others as found in Fashion's pedigree.
It is deemed unnecessary more than to mention Childers, Eclipse, and Highflyer — the norvpareils of their respective eras.
1718. Partner, by Jig— son of the Byerly Turk,— dam by the Curwen Bay Barb, &c., succeeded Flying Childers as the best race-horse at Newmarket.
1734. Cade, by the Godolphin Arabian, out of the famed
282 THE H0E8E.
plate mare Eoxana, by the Bald Galloway, gained especial ce- lebrity as the sire to Match em.
1739. Regulus, by the Godolphin Arabian, out of the famous Gray Robinson, by the Bald Galloway, was the best race-horse of his day — the sire of Fearnought, of Eclipse's dam, and others of note.
1748. Matchem, the best horse of his era, was got by Cade, dam by Partner, &c.
1749. Spectator, by Crab, dam by Partner ; he was the only horse, except Mirza, that beat Matchem.
1750. Snap, by Snip — son of Childers — dam by Fox, &c., was the best race-horse at I^ewmarket succeeding those above named. He twice beat Marske, of the same year, the sire to Eclipse ; was distinguished, too, for beauty and symmetry, and as a stallion of the first celebrity — sire of twenty-one noted brood mares, including the dams of Sir Peter, Medley, Saltram, Shark, &c.
1758. Herod, by Tartar, dam by Blaze, &c. Because of Herod's renown on the Turf and in the stud, no comment is re- quired.
1760. Gimcrack, by Cripple, out of Miss Elliott, by Partner, &c. Of 37 races he won 28 — matches and plates to an immense amount.
1771. Shark, by Marske, sire to Eclipse, dam by Snap — Marlborough — son of the Godolphin Arabian — Natural Barb mare. This extraordinary horse won upwards of 20,000 guineas in stakes, &c., beating the best horses, Dorimant, &c. ; " equally good for speed and stoutness, beating the best of his contem- poraries at their own play." He was sire to the dams of Am. Florizel, of Am, Maid of the Oaks, Lady Lightfoot, &c.
1773. Pot8os, ch., by Eclipse, Sport's-mistress, &c. He was the rival to Dungannon, as the best race-horse of Eclipse's get, and to King Fergus as the best stallion. Lineally, "Waxy, Whalebone, Camel, Touchstone, &c., are descended from PotSos.
1776. Medley, gr. by Gimciack, out of sister to Sir Peter's dam by Snap. He was an excellent and stout runner, frequent- ly beating the celebrities of his day. But he was most renowned in the stud of Virginia.
boston's ancestry. 283
1Y7Y. Diomed, pedigree given above, being so distinguished on both sides of the Atlantic, little more need be said of him. He won the Derby, the Claret, the Fortescue Stakes, &c. In England his blood has been widely diffused through Young Giantess, &c. As sire to Sir Archy, Florizel, Potomac, Duroc, &c., Diomed has been a Turf patriarch in America for more than half a century. Yery few race-horses are now on our Turf that have not some of Diomed's blood. — See Genealogy, 2.
1780. Saltram, a favorite race-horse of the Prince of Wales, since George lY., won the Derby, beating in his career all com- petitors, Dungannon, Phenomenon, &c., and was beat but once, when Dungannon won.
1781. This year produced Eockingham and Miss Eangsland — see Sir Archy's pedigree above — the best race-horses of their year. Kockingham won thirty-two prizes.
178i. Citizen, by Pacolet, out of Princess, by Turk. Citizen was a good and stout runner.
EDITORIAL KOTE.
* (P. 280.) As stated elsewhere, Boston made the season of 1841 and covered 42 mares, at $100 each. After his big match with Fashion, he covered Andrewetta and Ironette, and made a fall campaign. In 1843 he made a regular season at Spring Grove, Hanover Co., Ya., at $70 each. In 1844, stood at Washington City, at $60 per season. After the seasons of 1845 and '46, he came out to Kentucky either in the winter or early in the spring of 1847, and made the seasons of 1847, '48, and '49, at E. H. Blackburn's, near Spring Station, Woodford Co., Ky. Mr. Blackburn, in a letter to us, states that he was a very sure foal getter, and that he covered at $50 per season, and went to about sixty-five mares each year. He died the fall of 1849, in his seventeenth year, the greatest loss to breeders since the days of Sir Archy and Diomed. He came to Kentucky in very bad weather, was much exposed in his trip out, and, upon his arrival at Mr. Blackburn's, was suffering from a very severe cold, from the effects of which Mr. B. states he never entirely recovered.
BOSTON'S GET. Arrow, Attila, Billy Boston, Big Boston, Boston, Jr., Bay Boston, Bob Johnson, Big Indian, Bostona, Beau Mele, Catchem, Clara, Clara Minter, Commodore, Cracker, Columbia, Die Clapper- ton, Dick Doty, Dick Earnest, Financier, Goldpin. Jack King, Joe Laws, John Hopkins, Inspector, Isabella, Jenny Lind, Major Jones, Madeline, Madame Bruce, Medway, Lecomte, Lex- ington, Lucy Bryant, Lrttle Rose, Nat Blick, Nelly Hardin, Notar Price, Orator, Nina (the dam of Planet), Ked Eye, Ringgold, Rosalie, Tally-ho, Thirteen of Trumps, Tom Walker, Uncle Ned, Vol- tigenr, Wade Hampton, White Eye, Wild Bill, Young Boston, Hawkins, Boston, and Betty King.
Look here, what an array of notables? They made a new era in racing. Time seemed as nothing, they did all and more than was required of them. Lecomte carried four miles in the twenties, and Lexington into the teens, and if Boston had done nothing else in the stud, Lecomte and Lexington would and have given him imperishable fame.
PEDIGEEE,
CHARACTERISTICS, AND PERFORMANCES OF FASHION.
Fashion was bred by "William Gibbons, Esq., of Madison, Morris County, N. J., where she was foaled on the 26th April, 1837. It wonld be difficult to sit down over the Stud Book and compile a richer pedigree than hers, and the same remark will apply to Boston. Each is descended from the most eminently distinguished racing families on the side o * both sire and dam, that have figured on the Turf for a hundred years. Fashion was got by Mr. Livingston's Imp. Trustee, out of the celebrated Bonnets o' Blue by Sir Charles, and she out of Keality — " the very best race-horse," says Col. Johnson, " I ever saw." Eeality was got by Sir Archy, and her pedigree extends back through the imported horses Medley, Centinel, Janus, Monkey, Silver- Eye and Spanker, to an imported Spanish mare. Trustee, the sire of Fashion, was a distinguished race-horse in England, and sold at 3 yrs. old for 2,000 guineas, to the Duke of Cleveland, after running 3d in the race for the Derby of 101 subscribers. He was subsequently imported by Messrs. Ogden, Corbin and Stockton. Trustee was foaled in 1829, and was got by Catton out of Emma, by Whisker, and combines the blood of Hermes, PijDator, and Sir Peter, on his dam's side, with that of Penelope, by Trumpator, and Prunella, by Highflyer, on the side of his sire. Trustee is not a chance horse ; in addition to other winners of his family, in 1835, his own brother, Mundig, won the Derby of 128 subscribers. — See Genealogy, 7.
Fashion is a rich satin-coated chestnut, with a star, and a
PEEFORMANCES OF FASHION. 285
rins: of white above the coronet of her left hind foot ; on her right quarter she is marked with three dark spots, like Plenipo, and other " terribly high-bred cattle." She is about 15|- hands high under the standard, rising high on the withers, with a light head and neck, faultless legs, an oblique, well-shaped shoulder, and a roomy, deep, and capacious chest. She has good length of barrel, which is well ribbed out, and lier loins are well arched and supported by strong fillets. Though finely put up forehanded, her great excellence consists in the muscular developments of her quarters, thighs, and gaskins. As in the greyhound and the hare, the seat of the propelling power in the horse, which enables him to move with a great degree of velocity, is centred in his hind quarters ; necessarily in propor- tion to their strength there, will be the impulse which impels the whole mass forward.
Fashion has been trained for all her engagements by Mr. Samuel Laird, of Colt's ISTeck, IS". J., and ridden by his son Joseph, the best jockey at the North. Mr. Gibbons, her owner, having been unfortunate with his former trainer — who nearly ruined Mariner in breaking him — and who is opposed to the general plan of training colts at 2 yrs. old, resolved that Fashion should not be taken up until her form had attained a greater degree of maturity ; consequently she was not brought out until the Fall of her 3 yr. old year. Fashion goes with a long rating stroke, gathers well, and moves with the utmost ease to herself ; what is rather singular, she runs with a loose rein ; she is true as steel, has a remarkable turn of speed, can be placed any where, and nothing can be finer than her disposition ; a more bloodlike, honest mare, was never brought to the post. Being in a public training stable, with Clarion and Mariner, her half- brother, both of them winners at three and four-mile heats. Fashion has been compelled to "take her turn" in running for " the big things," else the amount of her winnings might have been increased as well as the number of
HER PERFORMANCES. 1840.
Oct 21. Camden, N. J Sweepstake Two-mile heats won $800
Beating Amelia Priestman in the mud ; two paid forfeit.
Oct, 27. Trenton, N. J Sweepstake Two-mile heats.., won 1,100
Beating Fleetfoot and Nannie ; two paid forfeit
286 THE HORSE.
1841.
May 6. Union Course, L. I Purse Three-mile heats won 600
Beating Sylphide, Prospect, Fleetfoot, and Meridian.
May 19. Camden, N. J Purse Two-mile heats lost
Beaten by Tyler, after winning 2d heat. Trenton won the 1st, and Tyler the 8d and 4th. Fashion 2d in 4th heat, Telemachus being ruled out- time, 4.06— S.52—S.51i— 35.6.
Oct. 7. Union Course, L. I Purse Two-mile heats won 200
Beating Trenton in 3.51- 8.46J, on a heavy course.
Oct. 20. Baltimore, Md Purse Three-mile heats won 400
Beating John Blount, Lady Canton, and Stockton ; course slippery.
Oct. 28. Camden, N. J Purse Four-mile heats won 800
Beating John Blount, who broke down in 2d heat, after winning the 1st, and distancing Boston in 1st heat; time, 7.42 — 7.48.
Starting in three trainings, seven times, and winning six races, one at four,
and two at three-mile heats, winning $3 jSOO
"We have noticed the fact of her not having been trained in the Spring of her 3 yr. old year ; last Spring, too, unfortunately, after her race at Camden, she went amiss, and was prudently turned out until the Fall, when she came out again, and won not only at two and at three-mile heats, but at four. Her last race is one of the best, at four-mile heats, ever run in the United States. In the only race she ever lost — it will be seen that she was beaten by Tyler after winning the 2d heat ; Tyler won the 3d and 4th heats, in the last of which she was 2d, having beaten Trenton — who won the 1st heat — and Telemachus. From the fact of being turned out after this race, and of her having since twice beaten John Blount, who easily defeated Tyler in a match for $5,000, it is fair to conclude that on the occasion al- luded to she was out of condition. The brilliant reputation she acquired by her last great performance, added to the confident impression every where entertained of her surpassing speed and extraordinary powers of endurance, are such, however, as to render quite gratuitous any explanation as to the cause of her having once been defeated.
As Fashion's friends have accepted the match offered by Boston, it is to be hoped that each will come to the post in con- dition to run for a man's life. Fashion will be trained as usual by Mr. Laird, and Boston by Arthur Taylor ; Joe, no doubt, will throw his leg across the pig skin on the mare, while Gil. Patrick, who has more strength, though not more science or coolness than Craig, will probably be put up again on Boston.
PEDIGBEE OF FASHION. 287
The latter being an aged horse — 9 yrs. old — will have to carry 126 lbs., while the mare's appropriate weight, being then 5 yrs. old, will be 111 lbs. "No match, the South against the North, has been made up at all comparable to this in interest, since that between Eclipse and Henry, which came off over the Union course on the 27th of May, 1828. Each champion has, and is worthy of, troops of confident friends, and each is in good hands. Let them come together in good condition — give them a fair field and no favor, and — who can name the winner ?
Fashion's pedigree m extenso is as follows ; —
1837. Fashion, ch. m., by English Trustee, out of Mariner's dam. Bonnets o' Blue — own sister to Slender — by Sir Charles, grandam Reality — own sister to Yanity and dam to Medley — by Sir Archy, great grandam by English Medley, her dam by Englisli Centinel — Mark Anthony — English Janus — English Silver-eye, &c.
1829. Trustee, ch., a celebrated race-horse of Lord Darling- ton's— since Duke of Cleveland — was got by Catton out of Emma, by Whisker, &c., a famous pedigree, own brother to Mundig, a Derby winner, and out of the dam — Emma dam of Cotherstone, the winner of the Derby, who ought also to have won the St. Leger. There is nothing superior to the pedigree of Trustee's maternal ancestry in the English Stud Book. Catton, the sire of this brace of distinguished brothers, was a capital performer at all distances, winner of twenty-one races at Newmarket, Don- caster, and York. Honest Trustee, as he was termed, beat Mar- grave, the St. Leger winner, in the Derby race, and again as a four-year-old, though beat by him for the St. Leger. He had mostly la2)lace d'honneur at Epsom, York, Doncaster, and JSTew- market. Trustee was sire to Revenue, Reube, the trotter Trus- tee, besides Fashion, and others of distinction.
Bonnets o' Blue and Slender were first-rate at all distances, and their half-brother Medley, by Sir Hal, ran with distinction.
1816. Sir Charles, ch., the best race-horse of his year, was got by Sir Archy, dam by English Citizen, grandam by Com- mutation, son of Wildair, &c. Sir Charles's most distinguished get were Wagner, Andrew, and Trifle.
288 THE HORSE.
1776. Medley, gr., by Gimcrack, out of own sister to the renowned Sir Peter's dam, by Snap — Regulus, &c.
1758. Centinel, by Blank — son of the Godolphin Arabian, out of a Bartlett's Childers mare, — dam by Cade — Partner, &c.
Janus, son of the Godolphin Arabian's son, Janus, dam by Fox — Bald Galloway, &c. Imported into Virginia 1752.
1725. Monkey, imported 1747, by the Lonsdale Bay Ara- bian— Curwen's Bay Barb — Byerly Turk, &c.
Silver-Eye, by the Cullen Arabian — Curwen's Bay Barb, &c., to old Yintner mare.
The pedigrees of Boston and Fashion will serve as examples of the best modern blood in " the States." Boston and Fashion's dams were bred in Yirginia, when decidedly our "race-horse region." Their ancestors, Timoleon and Beality, nobly con- tended against each other as the best two of their year, and among the best, as well as the earliest, of Sir Archy's distin- guished get. For many years we have rarely had a first-rate race-horse that was not descended from Sir Archy.
KACE
OF BOSTON AND FASHION, MAY 10, 1842. THE BEST KACE THEN KUN IN A]VrEEICA.
The great sectional matcli for $20,000 a side, four-mile heats, between the ]!:^orth and the South, came off on Tuesday last, the 10th instant. Since the memorable contest between Eclipse and Henry, on the 27tli of May 1823, no race has ex- cited so much interest and enthusiasm. It attracted hundreds of individuals from the remotest sections of the Union, and for months has been the theme of remark and speculation, not only in the sporting circles of this country, but in England, where the success of the IS^orthern Champion was predicted. It was a most thrilling and exciting race — one wliich throws in the shade the most celebrated of those wonderful achievements which have conferred so much distinction upon the high-met- tled racers of America !
At an early hour on Tuesday morning our streets were filled with carriages of all descriptions, Avending their way to the fer- ries, while thousands upon thousands crossed over to the cars of the Long Island Eailroad Company. But after eleven o'clock the Company found it impossible to convey to the course the immense crowd wliich filled and surrounded the cars, though they continued to sell tickets after they were fully sensible of the fact. Indeed from the first the arrangements of the Com- pany were an imposition. They charged the most extravagant price for the transportation of passengers, and their prepara- VoL. I.— 19
290 THE HORSE,
tions were in no way equal to the occasion ; above all, tliey con- tinued to sell tickets after they knew that several thousand more persons had purchased them than they could transport. A train, bearing over two thousand passengers, did not reach tlie course until after the first heat, and hundreds who had pur- chased tickets, despairing of reaching the course in the cars, started on foot, and reached it before them. At half-past eleven o'clock there were not less than five thousand persons waiting a conveyance by the cars at the Brooklyn terminus, all of whom had purchased tickets. Under these circumstances, it will not be very surprising to any one to hear that upon the return of the cars after the race, the indignant passengers rolled several of them off the track over the hill, and smashed others, while " a perfect mash " was made of the ticket oflice. The race was a golden harvest to the hack, cab, and omnibus proprietors. The anxiety to reach the course was so great that ten dollars were offered for a standing-up place in a charcoal cart ! Our contemporary of the " Courier and Enquirer " thus pleasantly describes his own "peculiar position ;" —
" Finding that our ticket was valueless, we engaged a deck passage on an omnibus / and never have we witnessed so curi- ous an exhibition as the road to the course presented. We have neither space nor time to describe it ; but the reader may form some idea of the anxiety to get ahead, when we state that be- side the thousands that were footing it with railroad tickets in their pockets, and the immense number in all sorts of vehicles, we overtook a charcoal cart, from which the cry of ch-a-r-co-al was heard to proceed in full chorus ; and on getting alongside some twenty heads were obtruded, presenting faces which we readily imagined had once been white, but which were now of the most perfectly sable hue. They were a set of very clever fellows, who deemed themselves fortunate to have procured even ^ this mode of conveyance to the race-course."
Having engaged a carriage the day previous, we were ena- bled to reach the course at an early hour. The roads from town were thronged almost the entire distance with a procession ol carriages and frequently with several abreast, all crammed. It would require the pen of the " Troubadour of the Corporation Dirt Carts " to give a description of them. Flatbush wagons
THE RACE COURSE. 291
and sixpenny bone-setters were jammed in between four-in- hand landaus, fast crabs in match carts, elegant stanhopes, and the superb turn-outs of our wealthy cits. The Communipaw clam-boxes, stylish cabs, and every variety of barouche were in- extricably mixed up and jostled by great lumbering omnibuses and thousands of fancy go-carts, wagons, and hackney coaches. Upon reaching the course such a tableau was presented as we never saw before. The field inside of the course was thronged with carriages and equestrians, while the fences, booths, and trees, were densely covered, so much so that several accidents occurred from their breaking down. It is stated that there were no less than eight thousand persons in the stands, and yet there were nearly as many more who could obtain but a partial view of the race, while many could not see it at all. The number of spectators in attendance is variously estimated at from fifty to seventy thousand. Among them the U. States Senate and House of Eepresentatives, the British Army and ]^avy, as well as our own, the Bench and the Bar, and the Beauty and Fashion of New York were all represented. The Ladies' stand was appropriately graced by the presence of a large number of the most brilliant of our city belles, who, with hardly an exception, gave the suffrage of " their most sweet voices" to the beautiful daughter of Bonnets o' Blue. The en- closed " privileged space " in front of the stands, reserved for the members of the Jockey Club, and strangers — who were charged $10 for admission, without distinction — was thronged with turfmen, breeders, and amateurs. At one o'clock, how- ever, owing to the want of an efficient police, and their inability to see the race, more than a thousand persons climbed over the pickets, from the field, into the enclosed space, while a mob on the outside tore down a length of fence, and stove through a door in the stand, and swarmed into the cleared space. For a time it seemed impossible for the match to take place at all. A crowd of loafers made a rush up the stairs leading to the Club stand, but they were summarily ejected. At length Yankee Sullivan, Jeroloman, Bynas, and several other distin- guished members of the fancy, undertook to clear the course, which they did in an incredibly short time, by organizing a party of their friends, who formed in line, with clasped hands,
292 THE HORSE.
quite across the space, and marched from one end to the other, thereby driving outside of the gate every person witliout a badge. Of course there were among this mob several ugly customers, but Yankee Sullivan had only to " let fly with his right," or Jeroloman give any one of them " a teaser on his smeller," to fix his business ! On the whole, the mob conducted themselves very well under the circumstances ; the great majority were in perfectly good humor, and had the proprietors taken the pre- caution to paint the tops of the pickets with a thick coat of tar^ and engage a strong body of police, no such disgraceful scene would have occurred.
The race commenced about 2 o'clock. For more than a quarter of a mile in front of the stands, the spectators ranged on the side of the course and of the field presented one dense mass of thousands, through which the horses ran the gauntlet. The course itself, owing to the rain of Sunday night, was not deemed quite so well adapted for speed as upon some other occasions ; still it was in fine order. The prospect of the weather, in the morning, was unfavorable, but though at 10 o'clock there was a slight sprinkling of rain, it soon cleared ofi*. The day was warm and pleasant, but Avitli scarce a glimpse of the sun.
Tlie betting was a shade in Boston's favor. Before the race came off, however, his friends were obliged, in order to get on their money, to lay 100 to 60, and in some cases 2 to 1. "We never saw so little money bet on a I'ace here of any impor- tance/ oi heavy betting we did not hear of a solitary transac- tion, though tlie backers of each were sanguine.
Having previously given in the preceding pages complete memoirs of the rival champions, with their pedigrees, character- istics, and performances, in detail, we have only to speak of their fine condition. Both stripped well, Boston was drawn unusually to our eye, but his coat looked and felt like satin. Fashion's curb, though quite prominent, did not seem to afiect her a jot ; otherwise she was in condition to run for a man's life. "We need hardly say that she was admirably trained by Mr. Laird, nor that she was splendidly jockeyed by his son Joseph — a chip of the old block — Mr. Laird having formerly been a conspicu- ous jockey. Boston of course was managed by Col. Johnson^ and ridden by Gil. Patrick in his usual superb style ; Arthui
THE RACE. ' 293
Taylor brouglit him to the post in uniisuallj fine order. Gil. Patrick rode the first heat without a spur. The jockeys having received their orders, mounted, and had their girths taken up another hole, brought their horses up in fine style without any assistance whatever from their trainers, and were otf with a run- ning start for the race.
First Heat. — Boston on the inside went away with the lead at a rattling pace, the mare laying up within two lengths of him down the straight run on the back stretch ; the half mile was run in 55 seconds. The same position was maintained to the end of the mile — run in Im. 53s. — but soon after Fashion made play and the pace improved. Both made strong running down the back stretch, over the hill — opposite the half-mile post — and down the slight descent which succeeds, and though this seemed favorable ground for Boston, the mare gained on him, at tliis place, in this mile, and placed herself well up. Boston threw her off on the turn, and led through clear, running this mile in Im. 50 s. Tlie pace seemed too good to last, and Bos- ton's friends as he led cleverly down the back stretch, were " snatching and eager" to take any thing offered. Again, Bos- ton led through this mile — the third — ^being run in Im. 54s., Fashion keeping him up to the top of his rate. The contest was beautiful and exciting beyond description ; there was no clambering, no faltering, no dwelling on the part of either ; each ran with a long rating stroke, and at a pace that kills. Soon after commencing the fourth, mile, Joe Laird shook his whip over her head, and gave Fashion an eye opener or two with the spur, and not 100 yards from the ground where Boston took the track from Charles Carter, she collared and passed him in half a dozen strokes, at a flight of speed we never saw equalled, except in the desperate brush at the stand between Grey Medoc and Altorf, in their dead heat. When Fashion re- sponded to the call upon her and took the track in such splendid style, the cheers sent up from the rude " throats " of thousands might have been heard for miles. Fashion made her challenge after getting through the drawgate, and took the lead opposite the quarter-mile post. Boston, however, like a trump, as he is, did not give back an inch, and though it was manifest the Northern Phenomenon had the foot of him, he gave her no re-
294r ' THE HOKBE.
spite. He lapped her down the back stretcli for 300 yards, when Gil. Patrick very sensibly took a strong bracing pull on him and bottled him up for a desperate brush up the hill, where Eclipse passed Henry. Here Gil. again let him out, but unfor- tunately he pulled him inside so near the fence that Boston struck his hip against a post, and hitting a sharp knot or a nail, cut through the skin on his quarter for seven or eight inches. He struck hard enough to jar himself very much, and we ob- served him to falter ; but he soon recovered, and though at this moment Fashion led him nearly three lengths, he gradually closed the gap round the turn to within a few feet. At this moment the excited multitude broke through all restraint in their anxiety to witness the termination of the heat, and the course was nearly blocked up. On coming out through a nar- row gauntlet of thousands of spectators excited to the highest pitch, both horses very naturally faltered at the tremendous shouts which made the welkin ring. Up the quarter stretch Gil. made another desperate effort to win the race out of the fire. He applied his thong freely, while Joe Laird drew his whip on the mare more than once, and tapped her claret at the same time. Inside of the gate it Avas a "hollow thing," though Boston nearly closed the gap at the distance stand. Gil. fairly caught Joe by surprise, but the latter, shaking his whip over her head, gave Fashion the spur, and she instantly recovered her stride, coming through about a length ahead, with appa- rently something in hand to spare, closing the heat in 7m. 32|s. — the fastest by all odds ever run in America.
The time was kept on the Jockey Club stand by Messrs. Robert L. and James Stevens, and in the Judges' stand by Sen- ator Barrow, of Louisiana, Hon. Mr. Botts, of Virginia, J. Hamilton "Wilkes, Esq., and the ofiicial timers. We took the time of each mile from the Messrs. S., between whom we stood. Mr. l^eill. Major Binggold, and other gentlemen of acknowledged accuracy as timers stood in the same circle, and there was but a fraction of difference in the time each declared " by watches too, not made in Kentucky." Messrs. Stevens made the time 7m. 33s., but as they kept the time of the half, and in some cases, of the quarter, miles, their difference of but half a second
THE FERST HEAT. ' 296
from tlie timers in the Judges' stand, demonstrates the remark- able accuracy of the parties.
The result of the heat was the more astonishing to a few of Boston's friends, as no one ever supposed Fashion could make tJds time, though she might heat him. "We were prepared to expect the best time on record, not only from the fact that we had been informed of the result of Fashion's private trial on the 25th ult., but from a circumstance which we shall be excused, we trust, for alluding to here. After retiring to our room at the Astor House on Monday night, at a late hour, we had the plea- sure of a " domiciliary visit " from Mr. Long, the owner of Bos- ton, and several mutual friends. The " party " were attired in costumes that would be esteemed somewhat unique out of the circle of the Marquis of "VVaterford's friends, who ride steeple chases in their shirts and drawers. ISTevertheless there was no lack of fun nor spirit ; in the course of an interesting " horse talk," Mr. Long gave us several " items," one of which was that Boston would run the first heat, " sure," in 7m. 34:S. Said Mr. Long, " he will run the first mile in about Im. 53s., tiie second in Im. 52s., the third in Im. 54:S., and the fourth in Im. 55s." After he retired we made a memorandum of the time, as a curi- osity after the race. And we refer to it now, to show that, though beaten by the Northern Phenomenon, the gallant Bos- ton amply sustained all the expectations formed of him from his trials and previous performances. He not only made vastly better time than he ever did before, but better time than ever had been made — time that quite eclipses the most wonderful achievements on the American Turf. The vaunted perfor- mances of the Southern "cracks" at New Orleans, are almost thrown in the shade, wonderful as they are. Had any one of- fered to beat the time of Eclipse and Henry on the Union course, 3 to 1 would have been laid against it; or had tlie friends of Boston been assured that he could run, as Mr. Long told us he could, in 7m. 3J:S., his friends would have staked a million of dollars upon his winning the match. For the first two miles Boston in the opinion of many shrewd judges had the foot of the mare, and it is thought that had he trailed her as he did Charles Carter, the result of the first heat might have been different. But what shall be said of the incomparable
296 THE HORSE.
daughter of Trustee and Bonnets o' Blue. Too much cannot be said of her, or of her jockey. She ran as true as steel, as game and honest a race as was ever recorded of a high-mettled racer.
Both horses cooled out well. Boston always blows tremen- dously, even after a gallop, but he seemed little distressed. Neither was Fashion ; her action is superb, and as she came through on the fourth mile, it was remarked that she was play- ing her ears as if taking her exercise. She recovered sooner than Boston, and though her friends now offered large odds on her, Boston's were no less confident ; the seventh mile they thought would " fetch her." We should not have been sur- prised to have seen both swell over the loins, nor to have found them greatly distressed. We examined them carefully after the heat, and state with great pleasure, that though they "blowed strong," they recovered in a few minutes, and came to the post again comparatively fresh. After the heat was over, the crowd rushed into the enclosed space en tnasse y an endeavor was made to clear a portion of the track of the multitude who had now taken possession of it, and after great exertions, a lane was formed, through which the horses came up for the
Second Heat. — Fashion led ofi" with a moderate stroke, and carried on the running down the back stretch with a lead of about tliree lengths. After making the ascent of the hill Bos- ton challenged, closed the gap, and lapped her. A tremendous shout arose on all hands at this rally, but as it subsided on the part of Boston's friends, it was again more tumultuously caught up by the friends of the mare, as she outfooted him before reaching the head of the quarter stretch. She came through — in Im. 59s. — three or four lengths ahead, and kept up her rate down the entire straight stretch on the rear of the course. After getting over the hill, Boston, as before, made a rush, and suc- ceeded in collaring the mare, while she, as before, again threw him off, and led through by two or three lengths in Im. 57s. Gil. relieved his horse for the next 600 yards, but instead ot waiting for Fashion to ascend the hill, at the half mile post, alone, he called on Boston just before reaching it, and the two went over it nearly together ; no sooner had they commenced
THE SECOND HEAT. 297
the descending gronnd, than gathering all his energies for a final and desperate effort, Boston made a dash, and this time he succeeded in taking the track. The scene which ensued we have no words to describe. Such cheering, such betting, and &o many long faces, was never seen nor heard before. After be- ing compelled to give up the track, Joe Laird, with the utmost prudence and good sense, took his mare in hand, and gave her time to recover her wind. This run took the shine out of Bos- ton ! Instead of pulling him steadily, and refreshing him with a slight respite, Gil. Patrick kept him at his work after he took the track, and ran this mile — the third — in Im. .51|s. The pace was tremendous. I^othing short of limbs of steel and sinews of catgut could stand up under such a press. On the first turn after j^assing the stand. Fashion, now fresh again, made a dash, and as Boston had not another run left in him, she cut him down in her stride, opposite the quarter mile post, and the thing loas out. The race, so far as Boston was concerned, was past praying for ! If any thing can parallel Fashion's turn of speed it is her invincible game. She now gradually dropped him, and without another effort on his part to retrieve the fortunes of the day, she came home a gallant and easy winner in Tm. 45s. Boston pulled up inside of the distance stand, and walked over the score ! As she came under the Judges' cord extended across the course, Boston was exactly sixty yards behind, though he could have placed himself in a better position had Gil. called upon him. As Joe Laird rode Fashion back to the stand, the shouts were so deafening, that had not the President of the Club and another gentleman held on to her bridle, she would have not only " enlarged the circle of her acquaintance " very speedily, but " made a mash " of some dozen of " the rank and file " then and there assembled. She looked as if anotlier heat would not " set her back any."
And thus did the ISTorth settle its account Avith the South, for the victory achieved by Bascombe over Post Boy. It was a magnificent race — one which will be remembered by every one who witnessed it " while memory holds her seat." Though beaten, it is conceded on all hands that Boston has acquired a more " vast renown " by this wonderful race than by his thirty- five previous victories combined. He is worth more since, than
298 THE HORSE.
he was before the match. " All that can be said is, that Boston has beaten himself, and Fashion has beaten Boston ! " The spirit of his owners on this as upon a like memorable occasion in May, 1823, is worthy of them and of the Old Dominion. Of one of them it has been well said, that, " like another Kapoleon, he isi never more to be feared than in his reverses ! "
In congratulating each other upon the brilliant triumph achieved by the Northern Champion — now the Champion of the American Turf — let no one forget to do honor to those to whose admirable skill and judgment the I^orth is mainly in- debted for its victory. To Mr. Samuel Laird, the trainer and manager of Fashion, and to his fine spirited son, who jockeyed her in a style that would have conferred credit upon Jem Rob- inson, too much credit cannot be given. ]S^or let us forget that to the gallant Boston we are indebted for ascertaining the in- domitable game and surpassing speed of our Champion. What else could have displayed it in such bold and beautiful relief? Arthur Taylor brought him to the post in the very finest possi- ble condition, and Gil. Patrick, his jockey, rarely distinguished himself more than upon this occasion. Most of our contempo- raries state that he rode with spurs. He wore one only, and that only in the second heat.
It is peculiarly gratifying to ourselves, though we have the pleasure of numbering all the parties among our personal friends, that Mr. Gibbons, the owner of Fashion, is among the oldest, most stanch, and most generous of the number. Un- fortunately he was prevented from witnessing the race, in con- sequence of an accident which for some time has confined him at home. In his absence, another tried friend, Walter Livings- ton, Esq., the owner of Trustee — the sire of Fashion — was con- gratulated on all hands ; he has never doubted Fashion's suc- cess from the first. Col. W. Larkin White, of Virginia, who was also in attendance, came in for a liberal j^ortion of the good feeling displayed. i!^or should it go unrecorded that Col. John- son was by no means forgotten in the general outburst of con- gratulation. He " sold the stick which broke his own head," and no mistake, for after breeding Bonnets o' Blue from his own Sir Charles, and running her with great success, he parted with her to Mr. Gibbons, who bred from her a filly, which has beaten
KECAPITULATION.
299
the best horse Col. Johnson has ever had in his stable, since the days of his favorite Reality, the renowned grand-dam of Fashion herself.
KECAPITrLATION. TUESDAY, May 10, 1842.— Match, tlie North vs. the South, $20,000 a side, $5,000 ft, four-mile
heats. Henry H. ToIer"s— William Gibbons,— ch. m. Fashion, by Imp. Trustee, out of Bonnets
o' Blue-Mariner's Dam-by Sir Charles, 5 years, 111 lbs Jo-ieph Laird. 1 1
Col Wm. E. Johnson's and James Long's ch. h. Boston, by Timoleon, out of Robin Brown's
damby Ball's Florizel, 9 yrs., 126 lbs &il. Patrick. 2 2
FiEST Heat.
Time of First mile, " '• Second mile, " " Third mile, " " Fourth mile,
Time of Frst Heat,
M. 8.
1 53
1 50i
1 54
1 55
7 32J
Second Heat.
Time of First mile, " " Second miie, " " Third mile, " " Fourth mile,
Time of Second Heat,
59 5T 5U 57*
7 45
At the Jockey Club Dinner, after the match, Mr. Long of- fered to run Boston against Fashion, for $20,000, $5,000 for- feit, four-mile heats, at any time to be agreed upon by the par- ties between the 25th of September and the 25th of October, next.
He also authorized us to state in our Extra, that he would bet $1,000 he wins with Boston the regular Jockey Club purse, four-mile heats, on Friday, on the Union Course, — $1,000 that Boston wins the Jockey Club purse at Trenton, and $1,000 that Boston wins the Jockey Club purse at Camden, the week fol- lowing.
Last Day. — ^The attraction of three races, in one of which Boston was to contend witli a son of Bonnets o' Blue, drew a large assemblage to the course, and they were amply entertained by a race — if not so brilliant as that of Fashion on Tuesday— at least as critical and a2)j)arently more doubtful.
The sport commenced with a trial of speed at mile heats be- tween Tempest and Prima Donna, the colt winning in two heats, the latter of which was particularly interesting. Time, 1.55 — 1.55. Joe Laird jockied the winner, who, we regret to say, was sold at auction after the race, and was knocked down for the paltry sum of $180, to Capt. Shirley, of the Tth Hussars, B. A., who has been in attendance upon our races. Other stock was offered, but we learn was bid in.
300 THE nOKSE.
Now came off the great race of the day — the struggle be- tween Boston and Mariner. The former was backed in the morning at 100 to 30, and before the start at 100 to 20, which were not taken with alacrity. Boston had the pole, but retained it for a few yards only. Mariner going to the front, on the first turn, and leading by several lengths. The pace for the first mile was so slow as 2.13, Mariner cutting out the work ; he in- creased his rate in the second mile, which was run in about 2.05, opening the gap on the backside between Boston and him- self, while Boston lessened it a little in the straight, running in front. In the third mile, the j^ace was still further imjDroved, both horses tasting the persuaders freely ; the fourth mile was yet more desperately contested, though without much change in the position of the horses, Boston, who was ridden by Gil, without s]3urs, was most severely scored in coming home ; but as it was all in vain, he pulled up inside the distance stand. Mariner came in amidst the most tremendous shouts in 8.13.
The friends of Old Whitenose were undismayed by the loss of the heat, and he still retained the call in the betting at about 100 to 80. As in the former heat Joe Laird went away with the lead, and driving his horse at a much better pace than before. At the south turn, in the commencement of the second mile, the old horse showed a taste of his old style of going, chal- lenged for the lead and gained it in a twinkling. No respite however was given by Joe to Mariner, who ran well up through- out that and the following mile, though the running was strongly forced by Gil. Patrick. In the first quarter of the fourth mile, in very nearly the place where Fashion made her run, Joe went up with a rush, took the track with apparent ease, continued to urge his horse with whip and spur, and widening the gap with every stride. Before they came into straight running home, he was leading by six or eight lengths, and the race was apparently safe. But here Gil. Patrick brought up his nag in a style quite incomparable ; such a rush we do not remember ever to have seen made ; the old horse appeared to sympathize with his eager rider, and showed all of that speed which has won for him his great renown. Joe did not appear to be aware of his close proximity till he came within the gates, when he too found his whip and plied it lustily. The thing was out, how-
THE THIRD HEAT. 301
ever, for notliing but a locomotive could have lield its way with Boston, who in his turn came home, amid the enthusiastic cries of the poj^iilace, in 7.4:6. Many watches made the time a half second quicker ; the heat, which was won by a length, was the most interesting we recollect ever to have seen. "We have heard the riding of Joe in the last mile criticised ; it is said he took too much out of his horse after he had passed Boston, by forcing the running as he did. Our impression is that he pur- sued the safer course, and that he lost the heat, only, in conse- quence of the tremendous speed which his antagonist exhibited in the quarter stretch. There is no difference of opinion as to the masterly style in which Gil. took the heat ; it would com- pare favorably with any performance of Chifney or Robinson.
Tlie third heat was scarcely less interesting than the jDrevious one. Boston took up the running early, but was followed by Mariner at the best pace steel and catgut could get out of him. This severe chase continued throughout three miles and a half, when Mariner closed up a little. In coming into the quarter stretch home, Gil. gave the pole a Avide birth, and Joe imme- diately took advantage of it, and made a rush to take the lead on the inside. The struggle was now most exciting, as Mariner was evidently drawing raj^idly upon his antagonist. At about the distance stand he lapped on to him, when Gil appeared to pull his horse toward the pole again, and thus crossed the path of Mariner, and interrupted his stride. The pace was terrific, however, till the finish, Boston taking the heat, with his tail flirting directly in the face of his competitor, time T.5S^. A complaint was then made of foul riding against the winner, but it was not deemed by the judges to be substantiated, and the race and purse were accordingly awarded to Boston. All know how critical and hazardous is the attempt to j)ass a leading horse on the inside. Many believe that Joe Laird was author- ized by the position of Boston to make the effort he did, and that but for being crossed and crowded he would have won the race by it. The rightful authorities decided otherwise, however, and we acquiesce in their decision without hesitation.
The race will be long remembered as one of the most inter- esting that ever came off on Long Island ; the performance of Mariner surprised all his friends by the unwonted sjpeed which
302 THE HORSE.
he displayed, wliile lie ran as game a race as any house that ever made a track. After the wonderful performance of Boston on Tuesday last, his race of yesterday will, we have no doubt, bo esteemed one of the most remarkable in the annals of the Turf. — Spirit of the Times, vol. xii., 124.
Those superb animals, Boston and Fashion, never met again, though both fully maintained their distinction.
Fashion's races with Peytona have been elsewhere described. In the end, she was trashed off her feet, and beat by Passenger, when she was not in a condition to start against a cocktail.
Boston, as a stallion, has done as nobly for the country in the stud as he did on the track, as a racer.
Fashion is, as yet, untried, but I am happy to announce on the authority of her owner, Mr. Keber, of Lancaster, Ohio, that she was never better, and, is this fall, as fine as a four-year-old.
H. w. n.
302
m
THE nOESE.
'nee tliat ever >f Bostoii on
i
^
iiappy to announce on ITjancaster^ O' ■■ ^- "• iS f»s a fonr-
I
PEDIGREE,
CHARACTERISTICS, AND PERFORMANCES OF LEXINGTON.
Lexington was got in 1849, foaled in 1850, by Boston, dam Alice Carneal by Sarpedon, gd. Rowena by Sumpter, g. gd. Lady Gray by Eobin Gray, g. g. gd. Maria by Melzar, g. g. g. gd. by imp. Highflyer, g. g. g. g. gd. by imp. Fearnought, g. g. g. g. g. gd. by Ariel, g. g. g. g. g. g. gd. by imp. Jack of Dia- monds out of the imp. mare Diamond (called Dutchess), by the Cullen Arabian, both imported by General Alexander Spotts- wood, of Virginia.
Boston. — See his pedigree in eocteiiso at p. 280.
Sarpedon was by Emilius, dam learia by the Flyer, gd. Parma by Dick Andrews, g. gd. May by Beningborough, g. g. gd. Primrose by Mambrino, g. g. g. gd. Cricket by Herod, g. g. g. g. gd. Sophia by Blank, g. g. g. g. g. gd. Diana by Second, g. g. g. g. g. g. gd. Hanger's Br. mare by Stanyan's Arab, g. g. g. g. g. g. g. gd. Gipsey by No-tongued Barb, Makeless, Royal mare.
Emilius was by Orville out of Emily. — See Genealogy 5, of Priam.
Dick Andrews was by Joe Andrews, dam by Highflyer, Cardinal Puff, Tatler, Snip, Godolphin A., Frampton's White- neck, Pelham Barb mare.
Joe Andrews was by Eclipse, dam Amaranda by Omnium, Cloudy by Blank, Crab, "Widdrington mare by Partner.
Beninborough, — His pedigree entire in Priam's genealogy, 5.
Mambrino was got by Engineer, dam by Cade, Bolton Lit-
304: THE HORSE.
tie-John, Favorite by a son of tlie Bald Galloway, dam of Daffo- dill by Sir T. Gas.coigne's foreign horse.
SuMPTER was by Sir Arehy, dam by Robin Redbreast, own sister to the dam of Rattler, Cliilders and Flirtilla, g. d. by imp. Obscurity, g. g. d. Slamerkin, by imp. "Wildair, g. g. g, d. Do- lancy's Cub mare.
Robin Redbreast, imp., was by Sir Peter Teazle, dam Wren, by Woodpecker, grand dam Sir Peter's dam.
There are seven Rattlers in Mason, one in Edgar.
Robin Gray was by imported Royalist, dam by Grey Dio- med, grand dam by imp. St. George, g. g. d. by Cashier or Cassius.
Royalist was by Saltram, dam a llerod mare, Carina, by Marske, Blank, Dizzy by Driver, Smiling Tom, Miss Hip by Oysterfoot, Merlin, Commoner, Coppin mare.
Saltram was by Eclipse, dam Virago by Snap, Regulus, sis- ter to Black and All Black.
Grey Diomed was by Medley, Sloe, Valiant, imp. mare Ca- lista. She is not in the Stud-Book. Calista can be found in Bruce Stud-Book, page 70.
St. George was by Highflyer, dam sister to Soldier by Eclipse, Miss Spindleshanks hy Omar, Starling, Godolphin Arabian.
Cassius by Black and All Black, dam by Yorick; 2d dam by imp. Tryall.
Melzar was by imp. Medley, dam by Symme's "Wildair, gd. by imp. Vampire, dam imp. Kitty Fisher.
Medley was b}' Gimcrack, Arminda by Snap, Miss Cleveland by Regulus, Midge by a son of Bay Bolton ; Bartlett's Childers. Honeywood's Arabian, dam of the two True Blues.
Vampire* was by Regulus out of Wildair's dam.
Kitty Fislier was by Cade, her dam by the Godolphin Ara- bian, and said to be out of Bald Charlotte ; but the last point cannot be established. Not improbable.
Imp. Highflyer was by Highflyer, out of Angelica by Snap, Regulus, Bartlett's Childers, Honeywood's Arabian, dam of the two True Bhies.
* Vampire, Edgar states, was by "Wilson's Arabian, but the English Stud-Book states he was by Regulus. See English Stud-Book, vol. 1, page 203; or, Bruce Stud-Book, vol. 1, page 58. — Ed.
DESCKIPTION OF LEXINGTON. 305
Fearnought was by Regulus, Silvertail by Whitenose, Rattle Darley Arabian, Old Child mare by Gresley's Arabian, Yixen by Helinsley Turk, Dodworth's dam.
Ariel was by Moreton's Traveller, out of Tasker's imported mare Selima.
Imp. Traveller was by Croft's Partner, Bloody Buttocks, Grreyhound, Makeless, Brimmer, &c.
Tasker's Selima was by the Godolphin Arabian, her dam the Large Hartley mare.
Selim.—- There are six Selims in Edgar besides the English Horse by Black and All Black, also Othello, out of Selima, which is, I presume, the horse intended.
Jack of Diamonds, said to be by the Cullen Arabian, Darley Arabian, Byerly Turk, Taffolet Barb, White Turk, Natural Barb mare ; said also to have been imported by Col. Spottes- wood, of Virginia. But there is no evidence whatever that there ever was any such horse, by the English books.
The same may be said of the imported mare Diamond.
There is no such mare in any English record, nor any cer- tainty that she ever existed. Diamond has always been a horse's name. She is said to have been got by Hautboy out of a Royal mare.
As to Jack of Diamonds and the mare Old Diamond (called Dutchess), we have the statement of Gen. Spottswood as to their pedigi'ees, and it comes as well authenticated as any of our earlier pedigrees. Both, he states, were by the Cullen Arabian, and were imported before the revolutionary war, for Jack of Diamonds stood at Solomon Dun's in Virginia, 1763. It is singular that Mr. Herbert should have been led into error about the pedigree of Lexington, when he had access to all the books of the day, and in hardly a volume from the commencement of the American Turf Register, in 1830, to its close in 1815, but what the pedigree of Lexington could be found as here set forth :
Lexington was foaled in 1850 ; Alice Carneal in 1836 ; Rowena
in 1826; Lady Grey in 1817; Maria in 1802; Highflyer mare
in 1792; the Fearnought mare in 1769. Now each of these
mares, from Maria in 1805, her first appearance upon the turf,
to 1843, the close of Alice Carneal's career, have a record upon
the turf. Flerbert also stites that Alice Carneal seems never to Vol. I.— 20
306 THE HOESE.
have won a race, but ran second in the first heat of a four-mile race to Miss Foote in 7.42, the best time ever made in Kentucky, though she was distanced in the second heat. She was distanced, but the second heat was run in 7.40, and she did most of the running for three miles. Alice Carneal never ran in public until she was live years old, and continued to run for three years. She was of a particular high, nervous temperament, to such a degree that she would get out of condition between her stable and the race-course. Dr. E. Warfield, who bred her and her distinguished son Lexington, stated that at home she was superior to any horse he had ever bred. During her turf career she started in eight races and won two, one a race of four heats of two miles. Besides Lexington, Alice Carneal produced Miss Trustee, by imp. Trustee ; Fance and Grey Alice by Chorister ; Didie, afterwards called Maid of Orleans, who won some thirty out of forty races ; Release, Rescue, and Chronometer, all by Berthune ; Rescue is the dam of Abdel Kader ; Waxy, by Bu- ford, a splendid race-horse, who had the best two-mile race on record for some years ; Lavender, by Wagner, a good race-mare, who has since produced Helmbold by imp. Australian, Umpire by Lecomte, Annette by imp. Scythian ; the two latter were taken to England.
This noble racer is well described, as follows : —
CHAKACTEEISTICS OF LEXINGTON.
Lexington is a blood bay, about fifteen hands tln-ee inches high, with fore and hind feet and pasterns and a small portion of his hind legs above pasterns white. His bones are not par- ticularly large, except the back bone, which is unusually so. His muscle is abundant, dry and sinewy, without any cumbrous flesh ; his ears, which are handsome and wide apart, are beauti- fully placed ; his head, though not small, is bony, clean, and handsome. His nostrils being large, the jawbone is uncommon- ly wide, and the jaws wide apart, afibrding abundant room for a clear and well detached throttle. His left eye full and mild, though animated ; his right eye has lost its convexity from disease ; * he has a noble countenance, indicating good temper and disposition, for which he is remarkable. His neck rises well from his shoulders, and joins his head admirably. His shoulder
« He has, since this was written, I regret to say, gone blind. — H. W. H.
PEEFOEMANCES OF LEXINGTON". 307
lias a very wide bone, very strong, well displayed, particularly oblique, and rises sufficiently high at the withers, without any of that superfluous neck so frequently seen to surmount the shoulders two or three inches, vrhich cannot add to power or easy motion. His arms come out well from the body, are suf- ficiently wide apart for a good chest, and are long, muscular, and strong. His back of medium length, 'coupling pretty well back, a loin wide, slightly arched and very powerful. His body will bear the most rigid scrutiny — it looks perfection, being ribbed in the best possible manner, and very deep throughout, which makes his legs appear short, while at the same time he has a great reach. His hips are not remarkably wide, though strong, and in the sweep down to and embracing the hock, he has rarely an equal. His feet though mostly white, are excel- lent, as are his legs, with good bone, clear, strong tendons, and good proportions, uniting in their motion great ease and cor- rectness. His action cannot be surpassed ; bold, free, elastic, and full of power ; and with his elegance of action, and a re- markable racing-like form throughout, he unites great beauty and grandeur.
The above description, taken from the New Orleans Daily Picayune, is said to be strikingly correct ; while the portrait accompanying these pages, engraved on steel by Mr. Duthle, from an original lithograph published by Mr. Currier of this city, with the authority and approbation of his owner. Mi-. Tenbroeck, is admitted to be a very lifelike representation of this truly high-finished racer, when in training to run.
I have recently seen another likeness by Mr. Troye, which depicts him as a stouter, heavier-bodied, and shorter-legged ani- mal than our picture, but I understand that it was taken when he was fat and out at grass, which every hoi-seman knows has a tendency to let down the belly and make the frame grosser and more fleshy. The points, however, in both, so closely agree, that the one portrait confirms and authenticates the other.
Up to the date of the remarkable contests of which a descrip- tion immediately ensues, Lexington's performances were as follows.
308 THE HOESE.
PERFORMANCES OF LEXINGTON.
His first appearance was at Lexington, Kj., May 23d, 1853, Association stake for 3 yr. olds, 20 subscribers, at $100 each, $50 forfeit ; the Association to give to the winner silver plate of the value of $100. Mile heats : —
E. WaifieUrs b. c. Darleij {Lexington), by Boston, dam Alice Carneal, by imp. Sarpedon,
3 years old, 11
John Harper's br. c. Wild Irishman, by imp. Glencoe, dam Mary Morris, ... 22 John Campbell's ch. f. Fi:/;iny J^«;r«, by imp. Glencoe, dam Cub, by Medoc, . . .48
.1. M. Clay's b. f. JIado?ina, by imp. Yorksbire, dam Magnolia, by Glencoe, ... 3 dist.
H. "W. Farris' ch. g. Castro, by imp. Glencoe, dam by Wagner, dist.
P. Mclntire's ch. f. , by imp. Glencoe, dam Tarico, by Sumpter, .... dist.
James K. Duke's ch. f. Blonde, by imp. Glencoe, dam sister to Tangent, by Wagner, . . dist.
K. P. Field's b. c. Jim Barton, by Grey Eagle, dam Ann Innis, by Eclipse, . . . dist.
Adams & Ford's ch. c. McGrath, by imp. Glencoe, dam by John Kichards, . . . dist.
James L. Bradley's b. c. Vandal, by imp. Glencoe, dam Alaric's dam, by imp. Tranby, dist.
F. G. Murphy &, Co.'s b. c. Big Bofiion, by Boston, dam Tranbyana, by imp. Tranby, . dist. Taylor &, Bales ch. c. Garret Davis, by imp. Glencoe, dam Buford's dam, by Sir Leslie, dr.
Time 1.55^ — 1.57. Track very heavy, and raining. A false start was made prior to the first heat, Madonna, Garret Davis, and Darley (Lexington), ran two miles and three-quarters before they could be taken up. Darley leading. With consent of the judges, Garret Davis was withdrawn.
Lexington, Ky., May 2Tth, 1853. Citizen's stake for 3 year olds, seventeen subscribers, at $100 each, $50 forfeit ; the citi- zens of Lexington giving the winner silver plate of the value of $100. Two-mile heats .—
E. Warfield's b. c. Darley {Leamington), by Boston, dam Alice Carneal, by Sarpedon, .211
John Harper's ch. f. J/edica)/, by Boston, dam by Mingo, 12 2
Taylor & Eales ch. c. Garret Davis, by imp. Glencoe, dam Too Soon, by Sir Leslie, .438 J. M. Clay's ch. f. Margaret M'est, by imp. Yorkshire, dam Heraldry, by Herald, . 3 dist
li. P. Field's b. c. ilim Barton, by Giey Eagle, dam Ann Innis, by Eclipse, . . .5 dist. J. K. Duke's ch. f. Blonde, by imp. Glencoe, dam sister to Tangent, by Wagner, . dist.
John Campbell's ch. f. , by Boston, dam Fanny Elssler, dist.
Time, 3.42^:3.41i— 3.49.
Ills first appearance, under his present name, was on the Metairie Course, New Orleans, Dec. 2d, 1853, in a match-race, on the following terras : —
Match for $8,500— $5,000 on Sally Waters against $;3,500 on Lexington. Three-mile heats, h. 8. R. Ten Broeck's b. c. Lexington, by Boston, out of Alice Carneal, by Sarpedon, 3 years. 1 1 L. Sniith's b. f. Sally Waters, by Imp. Glencoe, out of Maria Black, 4 years . . 2 dist. Time, 6m. SSjS.— 6m. 24Js. Track heavy.
Sucli was the promising commencement of an extraordinary career, which, for its short duration, has been unequalled in the history of the American Turf.
His second appearance was in three-year-old stakes on the Metairie Course, at Kew Orleans, January 7, 1854, two mile
PERFORMANCES OF LEXINGTON. 309
heats, four subscribers, when he paid forfeit to Conrad the Cor- sair, Argent, and Hornpipe.
On the 1st of April of the same year, and on the same course, he started for the great State Post Stakes for all ages — 3 yr. olds, 86 pounds; 4 yr, olds, 100 pounds; 5 yr. olds, 110 pounds; 6 yr, olds, 118 pounds; 7 yrs. old, and upwards, 124 pounds; allowing three pounds to mares and geldings. Four-mile heats.
ENTRIES STARTED FOR THE SWEEPSTAKES.
For Kentucky, b. c. Lexington, by Boston, out of Alice Carneal, by Imp. Sarpedon,
3 years old 11
For Mississippi, ch. c. Lecomte, by Boston, out of Reel, by Imp. Gleacoe, 3 yrs. . 2 2 For Alabama, ch. c. Highlander, by Imp. Glencoe, out of Castanet, by Imp. Monarch,
4 years old 3dist
For Louisiana, ch. g. Arrow, by Boston, out of Jeanneton, by Imp. Leviathan . , dist
This was the first taste of the quality of the noble rivals. The course is stated to have been very heavy, and the time made justifies the statement, as it gives no token for their sub- sequent mighty achievements.
FIRST HEAT. SECOND HEAT.
Time of 1st mile, .... 2.01
2d "... . 2.03
3d " 2.01J
4th " . . . . 2.04}
Time of first heat, . . . S.OSi
Time of 1st mile, .... 2.02
2d "... . 2.03}
" 3d " 1.59}
4th " . , . . 1.59
Time of second heat, . . . 8.04
The next appearance of the two rivals was on the 8tli day of the same month, when they again came together, on the same course, for the Jockey Club Purse, with a very dififerent rate of going, and a different result.
Jockey Club Purse $2,000, all ages ; weight as above.
ENTRIES STARTED FOR THE PURSE.
T. J. Wells' ch. c. Lecomte, by Boston, out of Reel, by Imp. Glencoe, 3 years, carried
3 pounds overweight, 11
A. L. Bingaman's b. c. Lexington, by Boston, out of Alice Carneal, by Imp. Sarpedon,
3 years, 2 2
Judge Hunter's ch. g. Reule, by Imp. Trustee, out of Minstrel, by Medoc, aged, . . 3 disL
This race was the fastest that at tliat time had ever been run, and gave occasion to the long and eventful struffcrle which fol lowed, as will be seen by the following record.
310 THE HOKSE.
FIEST HEAT. SECOND HEAT.
Tlmo of 1st mile, .... 1.53
" 2d "... . 1.54
» 8d " 1.49*
« 4th "... . 1.49J
Time of first heat T.26
Time of 1st mile, .... 2.02
" 2d "... . 1.58
" 3d " 1.46
4th " . . . . 1.52}
Time of second heat, . . . T.SSJ
In the autumn of the same year, he paid forfeit at the Na- tional Course, Long Island, not being at the ]S"orth at the time ; but it was understood that Mr. Ten Broeck was still so confident of his horse's qualities, tliat he was prepared to run him again either against Lecomte, or against Lecomte's time, if his owner should decline the contest ; and so great was the confidence of the sporting world in that gentleman's excellent judgment, that, in spite of the apparently desperate chance of beating such time as Ym. 26s., many were found to back his opinion ; and in the end found their advantage in the steadfastness of their faith.
BUMMAKT OF LEXINGTOn's PEEFOKMAUCES.
In 1S5.3, started three times; won three.
Lexington, Ky., Association Stake, mile heats f 1,700
Lexington, Ky., Citizens' Stalie, two-mile heats 1,300
New Orleans, a match, Sallie Waters, three-mile heatt, 8,500
In 1S54, started twice, won once.
New Orleans, La., State Post Stake, four-mile heats 19,000
In 1855, started twice; won twice.
?f ew Orleans, La., Time Match, four miles 20,000
New Orleans, La., Jockey Club Purse and Inside Stake, four-mile heats 6,000
Started 1 times, won 6. Total winnings $56,600
x\fter Lexington's last race with Lecomte, Mr. Ten Broeck withdrew him from the turf, and he made his first season of 1855 at W. F. Harper's, Woodford Co., Ky., limited to 30 mares, at $100 each, payable before the mare was served. He made the season of 1856 at the same place, and upon the same terms. During the month of June, 1856, the late R. A. Alexander went to England to import a stallion, accompanied by Mr. Nelson Dudley, of Fayette County, Ky. They purchased Scythian, and then bought Lexington at $15,000 of Mr. Ten Broeck, who was then in England — $7,500 cash, and the balance if Lexington was living upon Mr, Alexander's arrival in America. He has stood at Woodburn Stud Farm, Spring Station, Woodford County, K}''., ever since.
PERFORMANCES OF LEXINGTON. 311
We give some of the more noted of his get : —
Aiisel, Areola, Asteroid, Ba^'flower, Bayonet, Bertie Ward, Daniel Boone, Donerail, Fanny Cheatham, Goodwood, Harry of the AV^est, Idlewild, Jack Malone, Kentucky, Lancaster, Load- stone, Lightning, Korfolk, Judge Curtis, Kingfisher, and Thun- der.
By looking over the time of fast races given in another part of this work, it will be seen that his sons and daughters have the fastest time upon record. Judge Curtis, the best mile, 1.43J ; Lancaster, the best two-mile race, 3.35 J — 3.38| ; Nor- folk, the best three-mile race, 5.27J — 5.29| ; and Idlewild, the best heat at four miles, weight for age, 7.26|-.
Lexington stands pre-eminently the best race-horse, as he does the greatest sire, that this country has ever produced. Twenty years old this past spring, he looks fresh and vigorous, and seems good for some years to come, and we hope he may bo long spared to perpetuate his kind, and enrich the stock of the country.
PEDIGKEE,
CHARACTERISTICS, AND PERFORMANCES OF LECOMTE.
Lecomte is by Boston out of Reel, by Glencoe, g. dam Gal lopacle by Catton, g. gr. dam Camillina by Camillus, g. g. gr dam by Smolensko, g. g. g, gr, dam Miss Canuon by Orville, g. g. g. g. gr. dam Weathercock mare, g. g. g. g. g. gr. dam Cora by Matcbem, Turk, Cub, AUwortliy, Starling, Bloody Buttocks, Greyhound, Brocklesby Betty by Curwen Bay Barb, Hobby Mare by Lister Turk.
Boston. — His pedigree in extenso is above, on page 276.
Glencoe. — His pedigree. Genealogy Ko. YI.
Catton was by Golumpus, dam Lucy Gray, by Timothy, gr dam Lucy by Florizel, g. gr. dam Frenzy by Eclipse, g. g. gr. dam by Engineer, g. g. g. gr. dam by Blank, g. g. g. g. gr. dam Lass of the Mill by Traveller, Miss Makeless, &c.
Golumpus was by Gohanna, dam Catharine by Woodpecker, Camilla by Trentham, &c.
Engineer was by Sampson, Y. Greyhound, Curwen's Bay Barb.
Traveller was by Partner, Ahnanzor, Grey Hautboy, Make- less, Brimmer.
Miss Makeless was by a son of Gre^^hound (out of Farewell), her dam by Partner — Woodcock — Croft's Bay Barb — Makeless.
For Timoth^y, Florizel, Eclipse, Blank, Gohanna, &c., &c., see Genealogies from No. I. to YH.
Camillus was by Hambletonian, dam Faith by Pacolet, gr. dam Atalanta by Matchem, g. gr. dam Lass of the Mill by
PEKFOEMANCES OF LECOMTE. 313
(>roonoko, g. g. gr. dam sister to Clark's Lass of the Mill, by Traveller, out of Miss Makeless.
Pacolet was by Blank, darn Whiteneck by old Crab — Go- dolphin Arabian — Con^-er's Arab — Curwen's Bay Barb — Mar- slialTs Spot — Lowther ch. Barb —Old Vintner mare.
Ilarnbletonian was by King Fergus — HighHyer — Monimia, by Matcliem— Alcides — Crab — Snap's dam,
Oroonoko was by Crab — Miss Slamerkin by Young True Blue — Oxford Dun Arabian— Darcy Royal mare.
Smolensko was by Sorcerer, dam Wowski by Mentor, gr. dam Waxy's dam by Herod, g. gr. dam Lisette by Snap, g. g. gr. dam, Miss Windsor by the Godolphin Arabian, g. g. g. gr. dam sister to Yoluntcer by Young Belgrade — Bartlett's Childers.
Sorcerer was by Trumpator, dam Young Giantess by Diomed — Giantess by Matchem — Babraham — Cole's Foxhunter — Partner.
Mentor was by Justice, dam by Shakspeare— Miss Mere- dith— Little Hartley mare.
Volunteer was by Young Belgrade— Bartlett's Childers — Devonshire Arab — Curwen Bay Barb — Old Spot — Woodcock.
Young Belgrade was by the Belgrade Turk — Bay Bolton — Scarborough mare.
Old Spot was by the Selaby Turk.
Woodcock, brother to Castaway, was by Merlin — son of Brimmer.
Orville was by Beningborough, dam Evelina b_y Highflyer, gr. dam Termagant by Tantrum, g. gr. dam b}' Sampson, g. g. gr. dam by Regulus, g. g. g. gr. dam Marske's dam.
Weathercock was by Highflyer, dam Trinket by Matchem, gr, dam Miss Elliot — Gimcrack's dam by Grisewood's Partner — g. gr. dam Celia by Partner — Bloody Buttocks — Greyhound — Brocklesby Betty,
Grisewood's Partner was by Partner, dam by Hutton's gray Barb — ^Whynot — W^ilkinson Turk — ^Woodcock.
For all stallions not followed out to the end, see the Genea- logical Tables, as above, from I. to YII.
It is to be observed here that the above, substituting English Sovereign for Boston, is the pedigree of Prioress, who is half- sister of Lecomte.
314 THE nOKSE.
Lecomte is a rich chestnut, with white on one hind leg, which reaches a little above the pastern joint. He stands fif- teen hands three inches in height. Is in a tine racing form, and well spread tln-oughout his frame, with such an abundance of bone, tendon and muscle, that he would be a useful horse for any purpose. His temper is excellent ; he is easily placed in a race, and yet responds promptly to the extent of his ability. He never tears himself and his jockey to pieces by attempting to run away. His action is low, smooth, and easy. His stride is about twenty-three feet, and he gets away from the score like a quarter-horse. He has a constitution of iron, the appetite of a lion, would eat sixteen quarts of feed if it was given to him, and can stand as much work as a team of mules. In a word, he has all the good points and qualities of both sire and dam, without their defects ; consequently he is about as fine a speci- men of a thoroughbred as can be found in this or any other country. — Spirit of the Tifnes, Nov. 9, 1856.
PERFORMANCES OF LECOMTE.
This noble horse commenced his career one year earlier, according to Southern dates, although in reality only one month intervened between their starting.
Lecomte running in April as a two-year-old, previous to the first of May, while in the May of the same year, 1853, Lexing- ton ran as a three-year-old.
Lecomte's first dehut on the turf was for
The Sweepstakes, two-year-olds, colts 70 lbs., fillies 67 lbs., nine Subscribers, $500, $200 ft. Mile heats.
T. J. "Wells' ch. c Lecomte, by Boston out of Keel, 11
W. J. Minor's ch. c. by Voucher out of Lady Jane, S 2
I. A. Grinstead's ch. c. Argent, by Glencoe out of Picayune, ....... 5 3
J. G. Boswell's ch. g. by Boston out of Minerva Anderson — carried 9 lbs. overweight, . 2 4
J. M. Clay's Zero, by Boston out of Zenobia, 4 dst
The others paid forfeit— Zero's rider fell.
Time, 1. 48J.— 1. 45*.
Subsequently on ISTov. 25th, of the same year, at the Phar- salia Course, Natchez, Mississippi, he won the three-year-old Sweepstakes, as below.
PEKFOEMANCES OF LECOMTB. 315
Sweepstakes for three-year-olds, colts 8G lbs., fillies 83 lbs., sis subscribers at $400 each, $100 forfeit. Two-mile heats.
T. J. Wells' ch. c. Lecomte, by Boston out of Eeel, 11
A. L. Bingaraan's br. f. Atala, by Euffin, out of Arraline by "W. Leviathan, . . . .22 W. J. Minor's ch. g. Conrad the Corsair, by Voucher out of Lady Jane by Leviathan, . 8 dst
Time, SA^.—SA&i.
These two victories summed his performances for his first year, and he stood as yet unbeaten.
In the following spring, he opened his campaign on the Me- tairie Course, ISTew Orleans, in the year 1854.
January 6th.— Sweepstakes for three-year-olds, colts 86 lbs. fillies 83 lbs., three subscribers, at $300 each, $100 ft. Mile heats.
T. J. Wells' ch. c. Lecomte, by Boston out of Eeel, 11
D. F. Kenner's gr. f. by Imp. Glencoe out of Sally Ward, 2 2
W. J. Minor's ch. g. by Voucher out of Lady Jane, paid forfeit.
Time, 1.47—1.47.
Again on January 12th he started for
The Jockey Club Purse, $400, for all ages, 3 year-olds, 86 lbs., 4—100 lbs., 5—110 lbs., 6—118 lbs., 7 and upwards 124 lbs., allowing mares and geldings 8 lbs.
T. J. Wells' ch. c. Lecomte, by Boston out of Eeel, 3 years, 11
W. J. Minor's d. g. Mary Taylor, by Imp. Sovereign out of Clara Howard, 4 years, . .32 A. L. Bingaman's ch. g. Joe Blackburn, by Imp. Glencoe, dam by Frank, 3 years, . .48
D. F. Kenner's b. f. Medina, by Imp. Sovereign out of Flight, 4 years 2 dst
Time, 3. 54^.— 3 52i/
At the same meeting, on "Wednesday 19th, he again ran for the purse $300, for all ages, weiglit as above, two-mile heats.
T. J. Wells' Lecomte, by Boston out of Eeel, 3 years, 11
T. C. Waple's ch. c. ty Gallatin out of Imp. Cora, 3 years, 2 2
Time, 8.44|.— 3.5«.
On the first of April following, he was beaten in the Great Stake, Post Stake for all ages, four-mile heats, by Lexington, as has been related above at p. 307, in 8.08f . — 8.04. Arrow and Highlander being distanced — the former in the first, the latter in the second heat.
Nothing daunted, liowever, by this, his first reverse, he, on the seventh day following — see page 308 — turned the tables on his conqueror, opening the eyes of the world by the unequalled time for two four-mile heats of Y.26 — 7.38|.
He thus beat Fashion's time, hitherto the fastest on record, in the first heat by 6|., in the second heat by 6^ seconds, and doing what had certainly never been accomplished before, within the annals of " recorded time."
316
THE HORSE.
Lexington did not start again during tliis year, but, in the autumn, Lecomte ran on the Pharsalia Course at ISTatcliez, Mis- sissippi.
"Wednesday, Nov. 15th, Association purse, $400, ent 10 per cent, added, for all ages— 3 year olds 86 lbs.— 4, 100 lbs.— 5, 110 lbs.— 6, 118 lbs.— 7 and upwards, 124 lbs.— 3 lbs. allowed to mares and geld- ings. Two-mile heats.
T. J. Wells' ch. c. Lecomte by Boston out of Reel, 11
A. L. Bingaman's ch. c. Joe Blackburn by Glencoe. dam by Frank, 2 2
Time 3.47i— 3.4Ci.
Tliree days after tins he walked over the course for the As- sociation of four-mile heats, and on the 5th of December follow- ing wound np his glorious campaign, by carrying off the Jockey Club purse on the Metairie Course, for all ages.
Tuesday, Dec. 5th. Jockey Club purse, $400, ent. 10 per cent, added, for all ages— 3 years old, 80 lbs.— 4, 100 lbs.— 5, 110 lbs.— 6, US lbs.— 7 and upwards, 124 lbs.— allowing 3 lbs. to mares and geldings. Two-mile heats.
T. J. "Wells' ch. c. Lecomte by Boston out of Eeol, 4 years, 11
A. G. Lecomte's ch. g. Gallatina by Gallatin out of Eliza Mills, 3 years, . . . .22 A. L. Bingaman's ch. g. Joe Blackburn by Glencoe, dam by Frank, 2 8
FiEST Heat.
Time of First mile, . " " Second mile,
Time of First Heat, .
M. 8.
1 58
1 58
3 56
Second Heat.
Time of First mile, " " Second mile,
Time of Second Heat,
M. B.
1 55 1 57i
3 52i
No more extraordinary campaign, in point of time, had ever been made in the United States, if elsewhere, and at its termi- nation Lecomte had a right to repose on his laurels, with the renown which his friends challenged for him, as of right, of being the fastest four-miler in the world.
Still the friends of Lexington, and he lacked not a host of them, were in no sort dismayed, but asserted that he could do better than he had done, yea ! better than Lecomte himself, and held themselves in readiness in the coming year, 1855, to " put it to the touch, to win or lose it all.''
THE GEEAT CONTEST
OF
LECOMTE AND LEXINGTON.
THE FIRST EVENT.
THE FASTEST TIME ON EECOED ! EOUE-MILE HEATS IN 7.26— T.S8 3-4.
" The fashion of tliis world passetli away," saitli the good book ; and we have a new illustration of it furnished us uy the events of yesterday's race on the Metairie Course, Fashion's 7.321 and 7.45, on Long Island, in 1842, and George Martin's 7.33 and 7.43, here, in 1843, the two best races that have ever been run, having been signally beaten by the winner of the day. Where is Eclipse now ? exclaimed Young America, when Fashion beat Boston, in five seconds less time than was made by the conqueror of Henry. Where is Fashion now ? we, in our turn, demand, as we see her beaten, in six seconds and a half less time than her own.
Ti'uly, we live in a progressive age, and what we are coming to, who can tell?
During the week past, the question had been repeatedly asked, if any of the contestants in the late State Stake-race would run again during the present season. A feverish excite- ment pervaded the community in view of such a possible event, and the conviction was freely expressed that if it were to come off, Lexington would be likely to have his well-won laurels cropped, if not to lose them entirely. A contest between Lexing- ton and Lecomte was freely talked of as a thing that must be ;
318 THE irOESE.
and wlien, on Friday evening, it was announced on the course that an arrangement to that effect had been made, and that the next day would see its consummation, the news spread electri- cally, and we found ourselves again in the midst of an excite- ment, of course.
Every thing was in favor of the prospect for sport. The track was in tij^-top order, confessedly. The day rose fair, and con- tinued so. The ride to the course was delightful. Every thing seemed to favor the occasion. From an early hour to a late one, all the roads were filled by travellers, availing themselves of every kind and description of locomotion. Every thing, from a dray to a four-in-hand, was in requisition, and they who were " too late for the wagon," walked. Fully ten thousand people must have been present on the stands and in the field. Tlie sight was truly animating. The ladies, as upon the former great occasion, made a goodly show on the stands appropriated to them by the gallantry of the Club, and added no little to the pleasure of the day. Betting, which was by no means slow in any part of the course, ran amusingly high in this department of it, and we saw many anti-Lecomte bets most cheerfully and smilingly paid by laughing losers, while many musical remind- ers that Lexington had lost, suggested to as many overtaken gentlemen that ^^ place aux dames'^ should be their motto in settling their books. We grieve to say that Lexington, by the by, proved to be the favorite to a great extent among the ladies, who, we will do them the credit to say, paid up with most com- mendable promptness ; so far as they could do so on the field. Of the gloves, and handkerchiefs, and other pretty trifles, which they wagered, we, of course, can not speak with equal con- fidence.
The race, of which we give below a detailed account, was indeed an exciting one. Since the races we have alluded to as hitherto among the greatest that have been run, there has been nothing like it ; and in all its incidents, from the start to the victory, it will always be remembered as pre-eminently the greatest four-mile race on record.
The betting was extremely heavy ; still it was less than on the last week's race, as there were not so many strangers in town, and money had not been sent here from abroad to be invested
LEXINGTON AND LECOMTE, 319
on the side of anj favorite. Before leaving the city, Lexington was the favorite, at even money, against the field ; but a few minutes before the race, we witnessed some transactions in which Lexington was backed at 100 to 80 against the field, or 100 to 60 against Lecomte. Much money was risked on time, but the lowest time that we could hear of being marked was 7: 32.
So far as we could judge, the horses all appeared to be in excellent condition, and " eager for the fray," as they moved to and fro before the stands, to the admiration of the anxious thousands.
The drum taps ; and horses dash off with a rush for the first heat, and on passing the first turn, Lecomte led, Lexington being second, and Reube trailing behind, but at as fast a gait and as bold a stride as he could well accomplish. Their position did not vary for nearly three miles, although the j^ace increased ; the space between the horses at times increasing and diminish- ing, Lexington several times making a brush to take the lead, but Lecomte increasing his speed to prevent it. On entering the fourth mile, and on the back stretch of it, Lexington partially closed the gap that Lecomte had opened on him, and attempted to outfoot him. The attempt was immense, and elicited the loudest encomiums of Lexington's friends and backers ; but it was ineflfectual. The spur was freely used to induce him to do what his friends claimed for him, that he was the fastest horse in the world at a brush ; but Lecomte batfled all his efforts, kept the lead and won the heat, amid deafening shouts, by six lengths, in much the quickest time ever made in the world — 7: 26!
If the result of the heat induced great shouting, the announce- ment of the time produced still more clamorous demonstrations of delight. All knew that the heat was very fast, but each one of the hundred persons who held watches could scarcely believe their own time, until the judges announced it officially.
During the great excitement which was concentrated on the two contending horses, Eeube had almost been lost sight of, but he came home at a high rate of speed, making the best heat by far that he ever made in his life ; although, as the red flag descended, he barely escaped being caught behind it.
320 THE HORSE.
Lexington soon after the heat appeared much distressed, as he had evidently been hard driven nearly the whole distance ; but he recovered well during the recess. Reube also, to appear- ance, after the heat, showed evident symptoms that he liad been running a harder race than he liked. Lecomte, who to all appearance had run much more at his ease, and with less effort than his competitors, not having been spurred during the heat, was but little distressed, considering the great time and the heat of the day.
The betting was changed about immediately, not less from the result of the previous heat, than from the great apparent exertion that Lexington had made while running, and the aspect and condition of the horses after the heat. Eeube's chance was considered hopeless, with two such competitors against him. Most of the bets now made were for the purjjose of hedging, and Lecomte was the favorite at 100 to 40 against the field.
Each horse came up for the second heat with crest erect, and with a defiant demeanor cast proud glances from fierce eyes, determined apparently to win or die. Lexington, this time, led the way from the score, for nearly two miles, by about two lengths ; when on coming down the stretch and passing the stands to enter on the third mile, Lecomte, who had been bottled up, commenced his great brush, overhauled Lexington, and passed him. Both now did their best, and the third mile was a constant strife throughout, for the lead, and the quickest in the race, being run in 1 : 46 ; but Lecomte, although so hard piished, never wavered, but ran evenly and steadily along about two lengths ahead. On the first turn of the fourth mile, Lex- ington, who at that point was nearly up to his rival, for a moment gave back and lost his stride, but he at once recovered it, and pushed on with vigor, but with evidently great eft'ort. All was of no use, for Lecomte came home a winner by four lengths, in the astonishing time of 7 : 38f , distancing Reube.
The long ]3ent-up feelings of the nearly frenzied thousands, who for some time had been almost breathless, now found vent, and all, losers as well as winners, ladies as well as gentlemen, shouted and applauded the magnificent contest, the glorious result, and the gallant winner. AVe yesterday wrote and pub-
LEXINGTON AND LECOMPTE. 321
lislied concerning this race, " We look to-day for a race, which for time and a close contest, can be matched against any ever run." That prediction has been more than fulfilled, tlie race not only matching, but far exceeding any of the fleetest of them in regard to time.
For more than twenty years, the race of Eclipse and Henry, over the Union Course, Long Island, on the 27th of May, 1823, was the quickest on record. The shortest heat in that race was 7 : 37-^. In Fashion's race with Boston, over the Union Course, Long Island, May 10, 1842, the time was 7 : 32| — 7 : 45. George Martin's fast race was run in this city, on the 29th of March, 1843, and the time was 7 : 33 — 7 : 43. It is a remarkable fact, as Lecorate is by Boston out of Heel, that his sire should have run in the quickest race of Fashion, and his dam Heel should, on December 11, 1841, have won a race in this city, the time of which was 7 : 40 — 7 : 43.
The subject is so fruitful of speculations in regard to time and blood, that we must rein in our pen to suit our space, well satisfied that we have witnessed the best race, in all respects, that was ever run, and that Lecomte stands proudly before the world, as the best race-horse ever produced on the Turf.
SUMMARY.
Saturday, April 8 — Jockey Club Purse, $2,000, for all ages, weights as above. Four-milo heats. T. J. Wells' eh. c. Lecomte, by Boston, out of Eeel by Imp. Glencoe, 3 yrs. — carried 31
pounds overweight — Abe 11
A. L. Bingaman's b. c. Lexington, by Boston, out of Alice Carneal by Imp. Sarpedon,
4 yrs. — Henry Meichon 2 2
Judge Hunter's ch. g. Reube, by Imp. Trustee out of Minstrel by Medoc, aged. — John
Ford 3 dist
FiEST Heat. Secoitd Heat.
Time of 1st mile, .... 1.53 I Time of 1st mile, .... 2.03
Time of 2d mile, .... 1.54 | Time of 2d mile, . . . 1.58
Time of 3d mile, .... 1.49* I Time of 3d mile, .... 1.46
Time of 4th mile, .... 1.49i | Time of 4th mile, . . . 1.52i
Time of 1st heat, . . . T.26 [ Time of 2d heat, . . . 7.3&}
New Orleans Picayune.
After Lecomte was beaten by Lexington in 7.23|, he ran the following races ; —
Natchez, Miss., Phitrsalia Course, Saturday, November IT, 1835— Association Purse, .$800, and 10 per cent, added, for all ages. Four-mile heats.
Vol. I.— 21 ^
322 THE HORSE.
W. J. Merioi-'s (T. J. Wells) oh. h. Lecotnte, 5 yrs., by Boston, out of Reel, by imp. Glen-
coe, 110 pounds, 11
A. L. Benjfiinan's cli. g. Arrow, 6 yrs., by Boston, out of Je.iunette:iu, by imp. Leviathan,
118 pounds, 2 2
Time, 7.55i— 7.5CJ. New Orleans, La., Metairic Course, Wednesday, December 5, 1855— Jockey Club Purse, $500, for
all afres. Three-mile heats. A. L. Benjaman's (R. Ten Broeck's) ch. g. Arrow, 6 yrs. old, by Boston, out of Jeannnet-
teau, by imp. Leviathan, 211
W. J. Minor (Thomas J. Wells) ch. h. Leoointe, 5 yrs. old, by Boston, out of Reel, by imp.
Glencoe, 122
Time, 6.00—5.59—6.03. Same meeting, Saturday, December 8— Jockey Club Purse, $700, for all ages. Four-mile heats W. J. Minor (Thomas J. Wells) ch. h. Lecomte, by Boston, dam Reel, 5 yrs. old. Walked over. Natchez, Miss., Pharsalia Course, Saturday, March 15, 1856— Association Purse, $S00, for all ages,
Club weights. Four-mile heats. A. L. Benjaman's (R. Ten Broeck) ch. c. Fryor, Z yrs. old, by imp. Glencoe, out of Gip-
sey, by Eclipse, 11
Thomas J. Wells ch. h. Zeco??i;^, 5 yrs. old, by Boston, out of Reel, by imp. Glencoe, . 2 2
Time, 7.47—7.44}. New Orleans, La., Metairie Course, Friday, April IS, 1856 — Purse $500, for all ages, Club weights.
Three-mile heats. A. L. Benjaman's (R. Ten Broeck) ch. c. Pryor, 3 yrs. old. Pedigree above, . . .311
Thomas J. Wells ch. h. Lecomte, 5 yrs. old. Pedigree above, 1 2 S
D. F. Kennors c. f. Mennow, 3 yrs. old, by Voucher, out of Dolphin, by imp. Leviathan, 2 8 2
Time, 5.58|— 5.591— 6.12.
After this race, Lecomte was purchased by Kicliard Ten Broeck, Esq., for $10,000, and was sent to Kentucky, where he covered a few mares ; Umpire, out of Alice Carneal, and Sher- rod, out of Picayune, the most distinguished of his get. Le- comte, Pryor, and Prioress, a half-sister to Lecomte, were brought to New York with a view of taking them to England, for which they embarked on the 12th of July, 1856. Lecomte only started once in England, and that was for the Warwick Cup, 1857, won by Fisherman, Oakball second, Lecomte third. Three started. Lecomte died of colic, on the 7th of October, 1857.
THE GKEAT MATCH vs. TIME.
THE SECOND EVENT.
The Match against Time, which came off over the Metairie Course, New Orleans, is of such an extraordinary character, and so astounding in its result, that we devote to it all the space at our command. That all may be fully " posted up," we give the original challenge from the owner of Lexington, and place on record the whole facts relating to the match
CHALLENGE FKOM LEXINGTON.
"We have great pleasure in giving to the sporting world the subjoined note from the owner of Lexington.
To THE Editor of the " Spmn of the Times." — Although the mistake made by the rider of Lexington, in pulling up at the end of three miles, in the recent fast four-mile race at New Orleans, was witnessed by thousands of persons, I believe it has not been referred to in print, except in the last number of your paper. As Lexington will probably follow the fashion in making a foreign tour, I propose the following as his valedictory. I will run him a single four miles over the Metairie Course, at New Orleans, under the rules of the Club, against the fastest time at four miles that has been run in America, for the sum of ten thousand dollars — one fourth forfeit. Two trials to be allowed,
324 THE H0E8E.
and the race to bo run between the 1st and 15th of April next. Arrow to be substituted if Lexington is amiss.
Or, I will run Lexington over the same course, four-mile heats, on the Thursday previous to the next Metairie April meeting, against any named horse, at the rate expressed in the proposition subjoined.
Or, I will run him over the Union Course, at New York, the same distance, on the third Tuesday in October. Tlie party accepting the last race to receive twenty-five thousand dollars to twenty thousand dollars, or to bet the same odds if Lexington travels to run at ISTew Orleans. The forfeit to be five thousand dollars, and to be deposited with Messrs. Coleman & Stetson, of the Astor House, when either race is accepted. If the amounts of the last propositions are too large, they may be reduced one- half, with forfeit in the same proportion. The first acceptance coming to hand will be valid — subsequent ones declined ; and none received after the commencement of the races at the National Course, New York, the 26th of next month.
E. Ten Bkoeck. New York, May 30, 1854.
The match vs. time, ofi'ered above, was accepted, and notifi- cation made in the " Spirit of the Times," of the ITtli June, as annexed.
Lexington's challenge against time accepted.
"We had the pleasure to publish exclusively, in this journal of the 3d of June, one of the most extraordinary and interesting challenges — or, rather, series of challenges — ever made in the United States, one of which has been accepted. The challenge referred to was as above.
The forfeit has been deposited with our friends Messrs. Cole- man & Stetson, of the Astor House, in this city. The gentlemen acceptors of the challenge are Col. Calvin Green and Capt. John Belcher, of Virginia, two gentlemen well known in sporting circles. No match against time, of such interest, has ever occurred in this country. Time is " a mighty good horse " to bet on, but we " have our doubts ! "
It will be seen by the challenge from the owner of Lexing-
SPECULATION ON THE MATCH. 325
ton, quoted above, that this journal was the first to allude to the fact that Lexington was pulled up at the finish of his third mile in the second heat of his second race with Lecomte. "Whether Lexington could have beaten Lecomte in that race is another matter. " Doctors differ ! " It was our expressed opinion that if Lexington had been ridden in the second heat by the jockey engaged for him, the result might possibly have been different. Por the expression of this opinion, we have been most grossly abused by three correspondents of the ISTew Orleans press ever since. Much good may it do them. We " let them up light." Lecomte, a son of Boston and Reel, could naturally be " nothing but a good 'un." We never had a doubt of his immense turn of speed, or of his thorough game. His sire was the best race- horse, barring an infirmity of temper, and his dam second to none, save Fashion, that ever gloriously illustrated the fact that " BLOOD WILL TELL ! " Their performances and triumphs will live in the annals of the turf, as of those " high-mettled racers," Flying Childers and English Eclipse, to which, in our humble judgment, they were not inferior.
Before entering into the reports and details of the match, we have thought it would not be uninteresting to our readers to have the speculations of two New Orleans daily papers — sup- posed to be well advised — on the morning before the race.
We quote from the " Picayune," of the 1st instant.
The most remarkable racing event of modern times, and indeed of all time, will come off to-morrow over the Metairie Course, should the weather prove favorable up to the time of starting, which is announced for half past three o'clock, p. m.
Lexington, a son of the world-renowned Boston, is matched to perform a feat which he has never yet performed, whicli Lecomte accomplished under perhaps the most favorable cir- cumstances of good order of the course, fine weather, balmy atmosphere, and his excellent condition.
We learn that a gentleman representing the Yirginia party arrived in this city a few days ago, invested with plenary powers. The judges and timers have been appointed, and a better selection could not have been made than in his Excellency Gov. P. O. Hebert, Gen. S. W. Westmore, and John G. Cocks, Esq., the President of the Club, as judges, and Hon. D. F.
326 THE H0K8E.
Kenner, Capt. "W". J. Minor, and Stephen D. Elliott, as timers.
It is agreed between the parties, that Lexington may be accompanied in his trial by a horse or horses, and that any changes of horses may be made that circumstances render necessary. This will, of course, increase the interest of the scene, and give it the appearance of a regular contest.
Although the time, at four miles, made by Lecomte in his contest with Lexington, is the point which the latter has to reach upon the present occasion — namely, Y : 26 — it may not be out of place to note the best time made by other horses of renown in the day of their supremacy upon the turf. Of these may be named Henry, 7 : 37^ ; Grey Medoc and Altorf, dead heat, 7 : 35 ; Boston, the fastest heat he ever ran and won, 7 : 40 ; Fashion, 7 : 32|- ; Miss Foot, second heat, 7 : 35 ; George Mar- tin, with Reel, the dam of Lecomte, in which heat she broke down, 7 : 33 ; Free Trade, 7 : 33. Eeube, the winner of many races, and an aged horse, did that which has not yet been sur- passed ; he ran and won a heat, with all his proper weight, at his ease, in 7 : 40 ! "We could name many others in this con- nection, but these will suffice. We incline to the opinion that time alone is but at best a fallacious test of the superiority of a race-horse, unless, as in this instance, it beats the best ever made.
It would have been no easy matter, during the lifetime of Col. "W"m. E.. Johnson, the well-named " Napoleon of the Turf," to convince him that his favorite mare. Reality, the grandam of the renowned Fashion, could not have beaten all the horses that appeared upon the American Turf in his day ; and yet in her palmy days no remarkable time was recorded. Her only record is superiority over those of her day.
There are so many contingent circumstances, which may be connected with the success of this unexampled exploit, any one of which might turn to tide against the horse, that it will require more than an ordinary degree of judgment, and we might almost say foresight, to take advantage of them at the moment. " Time waits for no man," nor horse. The all-important aid of brilliant sky, balmy southern breeze, elastic, smooth course, and tlio unexceptionable condition of the horse, must all be brought to
THE MATCH. 337
bear in his behalf, to insure success. That all these attributes may operate favorably, is our fervent wish.
The temerity of Lexington's owner in sending this challenge to the world, in the face of a recent defeat, when the unparal- leled time of 7 : 26 was made, forms an event in the annals of the American Turf, which time cannot obliterate.
Should success attend the effort, he will have the proud satisfaction of j)ossessing the champion of America.
The annexed paragraphs are from the " Daily Crescent," of the same morning.
THE GREAT MATCH AGAE^ST TIME.
The day has at last arrived, and also the horse, when a wager not equalled in audacity, and an effort never before attempted, in this country or any other, will come off. Lexington, the renowned hero of the Great Post Stake Race, is to try and sur- pass the unequalled time made by Lecomte a few days after — to mark, on the racing calendar, figures below Y : 26. The con- fidence of Mr. Ten Broeck in his horse must certainly be very considerable, to induce him to put up $10,000 on accomplishing what no other horse has ever accomplished, and surpassing the best time the turf has ever known. He is exj^erienced, however, as a turfman, and as apt as any other to form a correct judg- ment. Many of the most knowing turfmen have come round to his opinion and endorsed his expectations. " A Young Turf- man"'— well known in the columns of the " Spirit of the Times," and in the racing fraternity of this city — says in the last number of the " Spirit," that " to enable Lexington to win, there must be a number of concurring favorable circumstances ; his condi- tion must be perfect, he must be ridden with the greatest skill, track and day must be most favorable." We believe Lexington will win his match against time, and still we don't think he will beat Lecomte.
Notwithstanding the high authorities in favor of the horse's winning — to which may be added the able writer on racing matters in the " Picayune" — we dift^n- from them all, and hold it improbable that the best time ever made is to be beaten,
328 THE HORSE.
except under very extraordinary circumstances. Tliat which has been done may be done again, but it is not equally clear that the best that has ever been done may be excelled. It will take an extraordinary animal to come up to 7 : 26, and a little more extraordinary one to cut under it. The day has, however, arrived, and all doubts of opinion will be settled ere sunset. We assuredly hope that Lexington will be successful, and earn , new honors for Boston and Metairie. Hegira's 3 : 34^, Berry's 3 : 36i-, Little Flea's 5 : 33|, and Lecomte's Y : 26, all done in "New Orleans, beat the world. We can only run against our own time now.
We understand that the track is in excellent order and the liorse in fine condition. The day promises to be propitious, and the attendance is sure to be large. The champion will have a fresh nag started out on each mile to keep up his ambition, which will increase the interest of the sport. We will record the result to-morrow morning.
THE KACE ITSELF. From the Nero Orleans " Picat/une," of April 3.
Tlie most brilliant event in the sporting annals of the Amer- ican Turf, giving, as it has, the palm to the renowned Lexington, came off yesterday over the Metairie Course, and its result greatly surpassed the most ardent hopes and enthusiastic ex- pectations of the friends of the winner, and the lovers of the turf sports.
The day was the loveliest of the whole season. As the hour appointed for the great contest approached, the town was all astir with the excitement incident to the occasion. Vehicles of all sorts were in requisition, and our beautiful level Shell Roads* were filled with them from the last paving-stone to the gates of the course. The displays in equitation during that busy part of the day, which may be defined as " going to the races," were almost as amusing and exciting as the greater event, for wit- nessing which so many thousands were intent.
The judges selected for the occasion were Gen. Stephen M. Westmore, upon the part of the Virginia gentlemen ; Arnold
AGAINST xms. 329
Harris, Esq., for Mr. Ten Broeck, and John G. Cocks, Esq., the President of the Metairie Jockey Club, as umpire.
The timers were the Hon. Duncan F. Kenner, Capt. "Wm. J. Minor, and Stephen D. Elliott, Esq.
It being the first event of the season, there was the usual bustle at the gates, the distribution of the members' badges and tlie strangers' badges, the admissions to the different stands, and, from the character of the event, an unusual rush of car- riages, cabs, buggies, wagons, saddle-horses, and foot-passengers ; and by three o'clock the course presented a most brilliant ap- pearance. There were representatives of every section of the country, and almost every State in the Union, and among them we were happy to see a goodly show of the fairer portion of creation.
The field inside the course presented a most animated appear- ance, and the feeling in favor of the gallant Lexington was general and decided ; and, as the predestined hero of the day appeared upon the course — in company with his stable com- panions, who were to be partners for a time in his toils, his feelings, and his fame — his bold, reaching, and elastic step, his unequalled condition, and his fearless, defiant look — conscious of superiority and of victory — gave strength to his backers that all was as it should be.
Of the temerity of his backer and owner, Mr. Eichard Ten Broeck, in standing before the world bidding defiance to all the previous performances ever marked by horse, we have before spoken as our feelings dictated, and his extraordinary self-reli- ance, based upon well-directed judgment and sound sense, can- not fail to place him in the estimation of true sportsmen as the leader of the host. He knew he had an animal of unflinching game, coupled with lightning speed, and bravely did his gallant ally respond to his call.
The betting was large. Lexington's appearance made him a favorite, and before starting it was firm at 100 to To against Time, and but few takers. The greater portion of the betting had been done in town, and there were but few left who dared to brave the lion in his lair.
The conflicting opinions which had been generally expressed in regard to the terms of the match, and of its mode of perform-
330 THE H0E8E.
ance, caused a very general excitement, each party in turn expressing his views as to the right of the points discussed ; namely, that of allowing horses to start with Lexington, to urge him to an increased speed, and the propriety of giving the horse a running start.
The judges, however, ended the matter by deciding that he could do both.
The decision gave very general satisfaction.
Gil Patrick, upon Lexington, now prepared for action, and as he started up the stretch upon his proud courser, to do that which no other horse had ever attempted, the man and horse formed a beautiful and perfect picture. He turned him around just below the drawgates, and as he reached the judges' stand, when the drum tapped, he was at the pace which it was intended he should run. To our mind, he was run too fast the first mile, which he accomplished in 1 : 47^ — the first half mile in fifty- three seconds. Upon reaching the stand, it was intimated to him to go slower, which he did.
Joe Blackburn was started behind him at the begiiming of the first mile, but the respectful distance he kept in his rear must certainly have done him an injury rather than a benefit, for at no time was he near enough for Lexington to hear the sound of his hoofs.
The pace in the second mile visibly decreased ; Arrow, who was started before its commencement, waiting about thirty yards behind Lexington. Li the third mile Arrow closed the gap, and Lexington, hearing him, was a little more anxious, and slightly increased his pace. Upon entering the fourtli mile, Arrow was stopped, and Joe Blackburn went at him again, but, as in the first instance, he was " like chips in porridge," of no benefit. Lexington darted ofif in earnest, running the last mile in 1 : 48f . He reached the head of the front stretch in 6 : 55, running its entire length in 2-i|- seconds. The whole time of the four miles in 7 : 19f , carrying 103 jDounds — Gil Patrick being three pounds overweight.
That the course was in admirable condition, we need not assert, but that Ave have seen it in better order for safety and for time, we think we may assert. The writer of this vras not present when Lexington and Lecomte met last spring, and can
^
330
THE HOKSE.
ance, caused a very general excitement, eacli party in turn
■ ■■ ' ■ ■■ :';upsed :
I, to urge ■he horgc
t picture. He t'
rst mile.
piH
•in<r, and can
TIME BEATEN. 331
tlierefore make no comparison, but agrees witli "A Young Turfman," that the extreme hardness of the track might prevent a horse from fully extending himself ; which must have been the case with Lexington yesterday. He lost his left fore plate, and half the right one ; and Gil Patrick, at the drawgates, the last mile, had no little difficulty in keeping him on his course, Lexington making violent efforts to swerve to the right where it was soft and heavy.
"With regard to the time, not a doubt can be entertained, the official being slower than any other.
Outside, by many experienced timers, it was made in T.IOJ.
The excitement attending the progress of this remarkable race cannot be described. It was intense throughout ; and to those who had no opportunity of taking note of time, Lexing- ton's deceptive, fox-like gait could not have given them hopes of success. The joyousness and hilarity every where visible, which followed the announcement that Lexington was the vic- tor, showed the feeling of the majority of the vast assemblage.
It must be a source of the highest gratification to the rider of Lexington, that he guided him through his perilous journey successfully, despite the prophecies and hopes of defeat that attended him. In this connection we may fearlessly assert, that through a long career of usefulness and success of more than twenty years upon the turf, the name of Gilbert Watson, better known as Gil Patrick, the rider, has never been tainted with even the breath of sus23icion, and that the bright escutcheon of his name remains untarnished ; and as this is perhaps his last appearance in public, it is the writer's hearty wish that he may live to enjoy an uninterrupted flow of worldly comfort, and that when death calls him to answer that to which all living must respond, he may be full of years and honor. The names of Gil Patrick and Lexington are inseparably connected with the greatest achievement upon the American Turf.
That this great race will go down to generations yet unborn, as the fastest ever made, is the honest conviction of the writer. The following is the record.
Monday, April 2, 1855— Match for $20,000, Lexington to beat the fastest time at four miles, being
7m. 263. K. Ten Broeck's b. c. Lexington, by Boston out of Alice Carneal, by imported Sarpedon, 4 yearn,
108 pounds— 3 pounds extra. Gil Patrick. Won.
532 TUE noESE.
TIME.
Time of 1st mile, 1.47}
Time of 2d mile, 1.52}
Time of 3d mile, 1.51}
Time of 4th mile, 1.48}
Total time 7.19}
Tims ended the second act of this remarkable drama ; but the i3lay itself was not so to end ; for the gallant champion whose time had been so defiantly challenged, and so bravely beaten, came np once more in his proper person, to try the fortunes of the field.
THE GKEAT EACE AT NEW ORLEANS.
THE FASTEST TIME ON RECORD! LEXINGTON VIOTOEIOUS IN ONE HEAT— TIME, Y.23| !
THE THIKD EVENT.
It was not strange that this match should command more atten- tion than an ordinary race. Tlie antecedents of both animals were brilliant beyond comparison, and the improvement which each had shown at every successive trial, led to an almost wild belief that some new miracle of time would be performed in the impending meeting. There was much, too, in the annals of the Turf connecting itself with the present position of these horses, that was calculated to add immensely to the interest.
It will be recollected that Time, which should always be progressive, stood still for twenty years on the heels of tlie renowned Eclipse, who ascended into glory — over Henry — on the Long Island track, in a four-mile heat, in 7.37-J. At length the brilliant mare Fashion sprang up, and exceeded it, on the same course, by five seconds, gaining a double victory, by beating the till then unconquerable Boston in a four-mile heat of 7: 32^. The world was astonished, and so miraculous was this considered, that a report was current that the judges were almost afraid to proclaim it ; indeed, that the true speed was 7: 31i, and that two of the judges who had bo taken it, yielded to the third, who was the second slower, for fear the public would be dissatisfied with their decision. Tliis time of Fashion held the field for about nine years, and the lovers of the Turf, as they dolefully
334
THE HOESE.
contemplated her decline, feared they would never look npon her like again. But there is a term for all worldly glory, and it was destined that last Spring the wondrous Lexington and the phe- nomenon Lecomte should hoth shoot forth together to outdazzle all previous lustre, and to turn the possibility of racing speed into a bewildering maze of doubt. These rivals, not knowing each other, and themselves unknown, first came together on the Metairie Course, Kew Orleans, for the State Post-Stake of the last Spring meeting, and there, as all the world already knows, Lex- ington was the winner, although not, as yet, inside of Fashion's time. In the following week, however, the ambitious rivals met again ; and it was on that occasion the superb Lecomte reversed his late defeat, and at one astounding stroke reduced Fashion's time to T.26 ! Six seconds and a half of glory at a single bound !
It might have been supposed that a defeat like this would have quite satisfied the owner of Lexington that he had con- tended against impossibility, or lightning ; but what was the surprise of the whole racing world to hear, in the midst of the roar of this exploit, Mr. Ten Broeck offer to wager $10,000 that his horse Lexington, which had just been beaten, could beat Lecomte's late time ; and $2,500 more that he could afterwards beat Lecomte himself. Both offers were, of course, accepted, and the 2d of April was selected for the first trial, and the 14th of the same month for the other. Your readers know already, by the previous mail, the result of the effort of the second ; and that Lexington, on that occasion, beat all the annals and exceeded every expectation, by performing his four miles in the unheard-of, I may add undreamt-of^ time of Y.19| — thus strik- ing Lecomte a heavier blow than Lecomte had administeref^ to Fashion, and going inside of his time six seconds and a quar- ter ! This was the state of things I found at !New Orleans at lialf-past 9 p. M., on the 13th of April, by the glass clock ; and now that I have explained myself so fully, I think you will have no more surprise left than I had, when I took ray light to go up stairs, that the Crescent City was, on that occasion, in something of a buzz.
In the morning I found the excitement in no way decreased ; every body was inquiring about the starting of the trains, or
THE LAST EVENT. 335
making arrangements with hackmen to take them to the course ; while practised parties of hon vivants were displaying a world of intelligence or instinct in packing champagne baskets with layers of ham, chicken, brandy, beer, Boker's bitters, segars, and soda-water, to regale themselves with during the dry stages of tlte afternoon. The race was set for three o'clock, and the course being three miles off, at one the town began to move toward the track ; at two it was pretty nearly deserted, and at three it was as silent and abandoned as at midnight. All the roads leading to the track streamed with pedestrians and vehicles, and the line condensed toward the gateway into a choked col- umn that could move onward and in, only by the most tedious series of instalments.
On reaching the inside, the arena presented a most brilliant spectacle, and I do not remember having seen so many people together for a race, except at the celebrated meeting of Fashion and Peytona, on the Union Course, L. I. The two long public stands were densely crowded, the field was filled with vehicles and saddle horses, and even the trees that from a distance over- looked the track, drooped heavily with the weight of human fruit. The track itself, however, under better government than those of New York, was kept clear of all intruders, except in that portion known as the home stretch ; to which exclusive section the members of the club, and such privileged strangers as had provided themselves with ten-dollar badges, were ad- mitted,
THE RACE.
At length the bugle sounded the signal for the horses to be stripped. Upon this every body pressed forward to secure eli- gible places ; every neck was stretched to its utmost length. Even the gamblers in the alleys underneath the public stands undoubled their legs from beneath their faro tables, locked up their double card-boxes, stopped the snap of their roulettes, and slipped the little ivory ball in their vest pockets to run up stairs and become innocent lookers-on.
Wagers on the contestants had a small revival, in consequence of this eruption from the betting quarter, and the odds on Lex- ington went up again to the mark of $100 to $80. It was very
336 THE HOKSE.
freelj" taken, however, by the gentlemen from Red River, where Lecomte Avas raised ; and Avith many of them confidence in their favorite stood so liigh that they put out all the money they had brought to town on equal terms. Tliey reasoned, that if Lexington could perform a four-mile heat in 7.19|-, there was no reason wliy Lecomte could not also do it, if required ; for the contest now stood equal between them, and it must not be for- gotten that in Lecomte's victory in 7.26 he had trailed Lexing- ton, and then turned out and passed ahead of him. It was, moreover, said, on their side, that the 7.19|- was not as good as the Y.26 of Lecomte, for that by running alone and choosing the close side of the track, Lexington saved nearly two sec- onds of distance in each mile, and likewise had the advantage of a long start, and of receiving the word " go " at full speed, instead of beginning "from the jump," as in match fashion. Hope told a flattering tale.
On the strength of these calculations there was considerable betting on time, but with none did I hear it set at less than Y.26 ; while many believed — though I heard no bet to that eflfect — that the heat would be achieved as low down as Y.15 or 16. I do not know that any thing can furnish a better idea of the revolu- tion made in racing time by Lecomte and Lexington than tliis state of expectation shows. What would have been thought, two years ago, of the declaration, that in a little while we should see a four-mile race, in which the highest mark on time would be 7.26 ?
There is something in this matter of increase of speed that is worthy of reflection and philosophy. We find continual ad- vancement, and what is most remarkable, exploit begets exploit, as if knowledge and emulation touched new powers whicli had never been electrified before. Whence does the spark proceed that awakes these energies, but from the mind of man, im^^art- ing itself by some strange j^rocess to the mind and body of his iiorse as he does to the corj)oreal faculties in possession of him- self'^ Trotting time stood for years at 2.32, then 2.30, and then 2.28, At length Beppo and Lady Suffolk made a dead heat under saddle on the Beacon Course in 2.26, straightway 2.26 was repeated by several other horses ; by-and-by it was reduced still lower, and at length 2.28 was banished to mile heats in
MOUNTING FOR THE EACE. 337
wagons.'-'' So with the racers I have named, and so with Leconite and Lexington. One half of a horse's speed is found in the brain of his rider or driver, and that subtle essence, that know- ledge how to do, and will to command it, blends with the powers of the beast and makes all things done. So with foot racers, when they have known that nine miles within the hour could be increased to ten, and the ten to eleven. They were the same men, without any improvement in their breed ; the same men, who had once been able barely to do nine. Shall we be told that the Bon- ny Black Bess of the bold Turpin did not respond to her master's spirit when she took her wondrous bound over the spiked turn- pike gate ! — or that a portion of the soul of the brave Mame- luke, who alone escaped the massacre of the Beys by leaping his horse over the walls of Cairo, did not enter into that of his matchless Barb !
" The bounding steed you pompously bestride, Shares with his lord his pleasure and his pride."
Assuredly the best portion of a horse's speed lies in the mind of his rider, and it is by no means certain that if Gil. Patrick who rode Lexington into 7.19f , had — with his present know- ledge of what is within horse-hide — grasped the rein and pressed the sides of Eclipse, he could not have brought his 7.37| down to 7.26.
When the blankets were stripped from the horses, and their magnificent combinations of blood, heart, and muscle stood glis- tening and flickering in the sun, the crowd near by could not re- sist an involuntary burst of admiration, at which Lecomte stepped coquettishly about, showing his beautiful chestnut coat and branching muscle, while the darker Lexington, with a sedate and intelligent aspect, looked calmly around, as if he felt that the sensation was quite what he expected and deserved. Both animals were in the finest possible condition, and the weather and the track, had they been manufactured to a sportsman's order, could not have been improved. At last the final signal of " bring up your horses," sounded from the bugle ; and prompt to the call, Gil. Patrick, the well-known rider of Boston, put his foot in Lexington's stirrup, and the negro boy of Gen. Wells sprang into the saddle of Lecomte. They advanced slowly and
* See Note ■)• on page 341. Vol. I.— 22
338 THE HORSE.
daintily forward to the stand, and when they halted at the score the immense concourse, that had up to this moment been swaying to and fro, were fixed as stone. It was a beautiful sight to see these superb animals standing at the score, filled with unknown qualities of flight, and quietly awaiting the conclusion of the directions to the riders for the tap of the drum.
At length the tap of the drum came, and instantly it sfruck, the stationary steeds leaped forward with a start that sent every body's heart into the mouth. AVith bound on bound, as if life were staked on every spring, they flew up the quarter-stretch, Lexington at the turn drawing his nose a shadow in advance, but when they reached the half-mile post — 53 seconds — both were exactly side by side. On they went at the same flying pace, Lexington, again drawing gradually forward, first his neck, then his shoulder, and increasing up the straight side amidst a wild roar of cheers, flew by the stand at the end of the first mile three-quarters of a length in the lead. " One hundred to seventy-five on Lexington ! " Time, 1.49|.
Onward they plunge, onward without pause ! What makes this throbbing at my heart ? What are these brilliant brutes to me ? Why do I lean forward and insensibly unite my voice with the roar of this mad multitude ? Alas, I but share the infatua- tion of the horses, and the levelling spirit common to all strife has seized on all alike. " Where are they now ? Ah, there they fly round the first turn ! By heaven, Lecomte is overhauling him ! " And so he was, for on entering the back stretch of the second mile the hero of 7.26 made his most desperate efi'ort, reaching first the girth, then the shoulder, then the neck of Lexington, and finally, when he reached the half-mile post, laid himself alongside him, nose by nose. Then the mass, which during the few seconds of this special struggle had been breathless with hope and fear, burst into a shout that rang for miles, and amid the din of which might be heard here and there, " $100 even on Lecomte ! " But his equality was only for a moment's term. Lexington threw his eye jealously askant ; Gil. Patrick relaxed a little of his rein, which up to this time he had held close in hand, and without violence, or startling effect, the racer of racers stole ahead, gently, but steadily and surely, as before, until he drew
THE MATCH WON. 339
himself a clear length in the lead, in which position they closed the second mile. Time, 1.51.
Again the hurrah rises as thej pass the stand — " One hun- dred to seventj-five on Lexington ! " — and swells in still wilder volume when Lexington increased his one length to three, from the stand to the turn of the back stretch. In vain Lecomte strug- gled ; in vain he called to mind his former laurels ; in vain his rider struck him with the steel ; his great spirit was a sharper spur, and when his tail fell, as it did from this time out, I could imagine he felt a sinking of the heart, as he saw streaming be- fore him the waving flag of Lexington, now held straight out in race-horse fashion, and anon nervously flung up, as if it were a plume of triumph. " One hundred to fifty on Lexington ! " The three lengths was increased to four, and again the shout arose, as in this relative condition they went for the third time over the score. Time, 1.51.
The last crisis of the strife had now arrived, and Lecomte, if he had any resources left, must call upon them straight. So thought his rider, for the steel went into his sides ; but it was in vain, he had done his best ; while, as for Lexington, it seemed as if he had just begun to run. Gil. Patrick now gave him a full rein, and for a time as he went down the back stretch, it actually seemed as if he were running for the very fun of the thing. It was now $100 to $10 on Lexington, or any kind of odds, but there were no takers. He had the laurel in his teeth, and was going for a distance. But at this inglorious prospect Lecomte desperately rallied, and escaped the humilia- tion by drawing himself a few lengths within the distance pole, while Lexington dashed past the stand, hard in hand, and actu- ally running away with his rider — making the last mile in 1.52 J, and completing the four in the unprecedented time of 7.23|. I say unprecedented, because it beats Lecomte's 7.26, and is there- fore the fastest heat that was ever made in a match.
Thus ended the greatest match that has happened on the Turf for many years ; nay, I might rather say, that ever took place, and putting to rest all cavil so far as Lexington's powers are concerned, about the difi*erence between 7.19| and T.26. In comparing the time, however, with that recorded in favor of other racers, it should be stated that the track at New Orleans,
340 THE HOKSE.
is what is called a " fast track," of a springy and elastic nature, which is very favorable to the stroke of a running horse, and of course conducive to speed. The Union track at Long Island is not so favorable in its character, and it should be borne in mind by those who wish to be particular in these matters, that Lex- ington and Lecomte, both being colts, denominated under the term of " four-year-olds," have neither of them, as yet, carried full Aveight. In closing, it is also proper for me to state that Lexington carried 3f pounds more of weight in his rider than Lecomte, a circumstance which is the more worthy of mention, as he is 160 pounds the smaller horse.
My account of the race is now concluded ; for on the time arriving for the second heat, the owner of Lecomte withdrew his horse, and the purse and the laurels were awarded to the " Hunter of Kentucky."
A full description of Lexington will be found above, on page 305.
I will add, that no one who saw Lexington walk quietly through the cheering crowd that flocked around him at the close, as if his triumph were a matter he fully understood, doubts that he has sense, memory, and powers of reflection — horse sense at least. And yet presumptuous mortals will aver that such an animal has got no soul !
In conclusion, and according to racing style, I will now ap- pend the summary : —
Metaikie Course, N. O., Saturday, April 24— Jockey Clnb Purse, $1,000, •sritli an inside stake of
$2,500 each. Four-mile heats. E. Ten Broeck's b. c. Lexington, by Boston, out of Alice Carneal by Imp. Sarpedon,
4 yrs., 103 lbs [Gil. Patrick.] 1 1
T. J. Wells' ch. c. Lecomte, by Boston, out of Reel by Imp. Glencoe, 4 yrs., 100 lbs. 2 dr.
TIME.
Time of 1st mile, 1.491
Time of 2d mile, 1.51
Time of 3d mile, 1.51
Time of 4th mile, 1.52i
Total time, 7.23f
P. S. — ^Wednesday, April 18, 1855. — My theory is fortified. Inspired by Lexington's exploits, a three-year-old colt, named Henry Perritt, in a race of two-mile heats, which took place on the above course yesterday, ran a single mile in the extra- ordinary time of 1.42^, and this, too, in the first mile of the
PERFORMANCES OF HENRY PEREITT. 341
second lieat ; thus beating by several seconds the best mile Lexington or any other horse ever made.*
" Time is, time was, and soon shall be no more."
Spirit of the Times, May 5, 1855.
Tlie performances of this horse, who was got in 1852, by Imp. Margrave, out of Odd Stocking, by Thornhill, were very remarkable.
This year was the first of his appearance on the turf, and in his first race of mile heats, he made the best time, for two con- secutive heats, ever recorded — 1.46 each, after a first dash of 1.50.
Five days afterward, in a race of two miles against Bijou and Gallatina, after winning the first heat in 3.39, he ran the first mile of the second, in the unprecedented time of 1.42^-, and the heat in 3.40.
After this, he ran unfortunately, and came to an unfortunate and untimely end ; being beaten in the following May, two- mile heats, in 3.43f , 3.39f , and subsequently thrice distanced, in two and three-mile heats, at no wonderful time.
In the autumn he won a race, the best three out of five, at one-mile heats, the best heat in 1.49 ; and a few days later, September 29, he ran and won his last race of three-mile heats, but killed himself in winning. The race was finished in a snow storm, and was all one chapter of accidents, the horses all falling, shying and bolting ; Perritt coming down twice heavily, and dying in his stable the same night, a gallant winner and good, though I fancy somewhat uncertain, horse, in consequence of cold and exertion.
What he could have done can never now be known, for his powers were never fairly tried, since he was, in truth, but a three-year old, though from the Southern mode of reckoning from May-day, he was rated at a year younger. H. W. H.
* Hcurj'- Perritt never ran a mile in 1.42^; it was mere surmise. He got a very bad start, and coming out as he did, close to Bijou, he is said to have made the mile as above stated. — Ed.
EDITORIAL NOTE.
f (P. 333.) Plora Temple brought the time to harness down to 2.19f, winch is best to that day on record ; then Dexter, the king of trotters, under the saddle trotted in the remarkable tune of 2.1 8, and since 2. 17 J to harness.
PEDIGKEE,
CHARACTERISTICS, AND PERFORMANCES OF ARROW.
Akeow was got in 1850, bv Boston out of Jeaunettean, bj imp. Leviathan, g. dam by Stockholder, the dam of Ehza Bailey by Pacolet, who must, however, not be confounded with Miss Bailey, by Boaster. This Stockholder mare, whose pedigree was not to be ascertained, when Jeannetteau stood in the same stable with Peytona and Liatunah in New York, in 184.-5, is known to be a mare of very high breeding, with Oscar and Pacolet blood in her veins.
BosTOJ^'. His pedigree i7i extenso is given at page 280.
Stockholdee was by Sir Archy, dam imp. Citizen, g. dam imp. Stirling, g. g. dam imp. Mousetrap, g. g. g. dam Harris's Eclipse, g. g. g. g. dam by Old Janus, g. g. g. g. g. dam by Old Fearnought, g. g. g. g. g. g. dam by Apollo, g. g. g. g. g, g. g. dam by Moore's Partner, g. g. g. g. g. g. g. g. dam Silver- Eye, g. g. g. g. g. g. g. g. g. dam by Jolly Eoger, g. g. g. g. g. g. g. g. g. g. dam imp. mare Mary Gray.
Sir Archy was by Diomed out of Castianira, both imported. See Genealogies 2 and 3.
Citizen, 1785, was by Pacolet, dam Princess by Turk — Fairy Queen by Young Cade — Routhe's Black Eyes by Crab — War- lock Galloway.
Stirling, 1791, was by Yolunteer, dam Harriet by Highflyer — Young Cade mare — Childerkin by Second — Snap's dam, &c.
* Mousetrap is said to have been by Careless, dam a Kegulus jnare — Liberty — Cade, &c., and to have won several races at Hull, England, in 1777. He is not to be found in the Stud-Book.
Harris's Eclipse was got by Fearnought, dam imp. Stella by
* Mousetrap's pedigree is correct as given, and can be found in the English Racing Calendar for 1777. and in Bruce Stud-Book, vol. 1, page 37. — Ed.
PEKFORMANCES OF ARROW. 343
Shakspeare, in England — imp. Cassandra.* There are several Cassandras in the English Stud-Book, but no Stella by Shakspeare.
Janus by old Janus (son of the Godolphin Arabian and the Little Hartley mare), dam by Fox, gr. dam Bald Galloway.
Fearnought, Regulus, Silvertail, &c., see above.
Apollo was by imp. Fearnought, out of Gen. Spotteswood's imp. Cullen Arabian mare.
Moore's Partner was by Partner, sister to Starling by Bay Bolton, by son of the Brownlow Turk, &c., &c.
Jolly itoger — Roger of the Yale — was by Roundhead — Part- ner— AVoodcock, &c., &g.
Imp. Mary Gray by Roundhead — dam Ringbone, by Partner.
PERFORMANCES OF ARROW.
Arrow first appeared on the turf in 1S52, when in the fall meeting he took a three-year-old sweepstakes at mile heats, beating two fillies by Boston and Belshazzar, in 1.51| — 1.50.
In 1853 he ran four times, winning thrice, twice at mile heats, and once at three-mile heats. He beat, the best three out of five, Caddo Maid, 4 yrs., Berry, 4 yrs., and Mecca 5 yrs., in 1.55, 1.55,'1.55f, 1.57|, 1.57^, on the Metairie Course, New Orleans, January 17.
On the same course, April 9, he was beaten for the 3 yr. old sweepstakes, five subscribers, at $500 each, $500 added by the Club, two-mile heats, by Sally Waters, to whom he ran second, winning the first heat. Time 3.40, 3.37i, 3.39.
A few days later, on the same course, April 17, in a purse for all ages, mile heats, best three in five, he beat Hilariot, by Glencoe, and Pickaway, by Boston, winning three straight heats. Time, 1.52J, 1.51^ 1.51f.
On the Pharsalia Course, Natchez, Miss., Nov. 24, he won the Association Purse, $500, for all ages, three-mile heats, beating Mary Taylor, by Sovereign — "Wade Hampton, by Boston — Hugh French, by Glencoe, in two straight heats. Time, 5.51|, 5.53^.
In the following year, 1854, he made his debut in his four- year-old shape, on the Metairie Course, Friday, January 6, sweepstakes for all ages, a single four miles, wlien he beat Fly- ing Flea, by Grey Eagle, and White Eagle, by Grey Eagle. Time, 1.50^, 1.49^, 1.54J, 2.04^—7.39.
* See Note * on page 350.
344
THE HORSE.
13, lie ran again for the
On the following Fricla}^, January Jockey Club Purse, for all ages. Three-mile heats.
J. S. Iluntor's ch. f. Blomle, by Glencoe, out of sister to Tangent, by Wagner, 3 years, D. F. Kenner's cb. c. ^r;'Oii', by Boston, out of Jeannettoau, 4 years, .... T. B. Goldsby's b. f. Maid of Orleans, >)j Bethune, out of Alice Carneal, 4 years,
S. M. "Wetmore's b g. i^Zyiwg' jp'iga, by Grey Eagle, 5 years,
W. J. Minor's b. h. Jericho, by Imp. Jordan, out of Imp. Britannia, 5 years,
1. 1. 5. 2.
3. 3.
2. 4.
4. 5
FIKST HEAT.
Time of 1st mile, 2d " 3d " .
1.5SJ
1.50
2.0H
Time of first beat.
5.56
SECOND HEAT.
Time of 1st mile, .... 1.56
" 2d " 1.56i
" Sd " . . . . 1.59*
Time of second heat,
5.52
At his next appearance, April 1, 1854, he met Lexington, Lecomte, and Highlander, in the great State Post Stakes, of four-mile heats, which was won by Lexington, Lecomte running second, Highlander distanced in the second. Arrow in the first heat. The time was very slow — 8.0S|^, 8.04 — but the course was said to be excessively heavy, which it must have been, to ac- count for the distancing, at such a poor rate of going.
A few days later, however, he again beat his old adversary, Little Flea, in the Jockey Club Purse, of three-mile heats. Little Flea taking the first heat. Time, 5.33^, 5.36, 5.43^.
In the next year, 1855, Arrow was used to put Lexington to his speed in the great match won by that horse against Lecomte's time of Y.26, and it is worthy of recollection that Mr. Ten Broeck had declared to start Arrow for the match, in case of Lexington's being amiss. This jDeople did not, at the time, well understand, as he certainly had not then exhibited powers, which would justify the expectation of his beating that hitherto unrivalled time. On the 10th April, however, of the same year, he was to show of what stuff he was made, in the best race of three-mile heats ever run.
In this race for the Jockey Club Purse for all ages, three- mile heats, he was beaten by Brown Dick, Hornpipe distanced in the second, and Mary Taylor in the first heat, but, as is rarely the case, the defeated horse gained, not lost, laurels by his defeat. The time has never been equalled.
rlEST HEAT.
Time of 1st mile, .... 1.50
« 2d " 1.49i
8d " 1.5U
Time of first heat.
5.30i
SECOND ITEAT.
Time of 1st mile 1.50J
2d " 1.484
" 3d " 1.49
5.2S
Time of second beat.
AKROW'S THREE-MILE HEATS. 345
Those wlio witnessed tliis race assert tliat Arrow was not, at tlie close of the second heat, above half a second behind. One second would have raised the time of the heat of three miles to 5m. 29s. It is also asserted that no one, who saw this horse during the race and after its conclusion, entertained the least doubt of his ability to run a fourth mile in Im. 56fs., and it would seem that there can be no reason to doubt it, since he had already run six miles, the slowest in Im. 51f s., and had mended his time in the latter miles. Had he made it in Im. 56fs., he would, it seems, have won the time match by J of a second, and thus justified Mr. Ten Broeck's opinion ; but probably he would have won it by much more than that, as there is no reason why he should fall off Tf seconds in his last mile.*
On the same course once more, however, after losing four- mile heats to him in Y.55| — 7.56f, he gained his greatest glory, by defeating Lecomte himself for the Jockey Club Purse, of three-mile heats, Lecomte taking the first heat in 6.00, and Arrow the second and the third in 5.59 — 6.03.
It is to be presumed, however, that Mr. Ten Broeck holds Lecomte still, in spite of his defeat, the better horse, since he, and not Arrow, is the file-leader of his string on his English expedition.
His race of April 9, 1854, is thus narrated in the New Or- leans Picayune.
THE BEST THREE-MILE RACE EVER RUN.
Yesterday being the last day of the Metairie Jockey Club meeting, and a day of recreation to many who are usually en- gaged in business, there was a very large attendance at the course. The fame of the two horses that were to contend for the club purse of $1,000, at three-mile heats, was well known, and a fast race was confidently anticipated. Arrow having run a fom*-mile dash in 7.39, on the 6th of January last, finishing the last mile in a gallop, and Little Flea having, on "Wednesday last, run and saved her distance against the fleet Blonde, who made the then fastest three-mile race on record, viz. — 5.36i and 5.34, all gave token that if both of them were " right," time would be literally used up.
The betting before the start was in favor of Arrow, at odds
* See Note f on page 350.
3J:C THE HOKSE.
of about a hundred to forty, at wliicli figure considerable amounts were staked. On starting for the first heat Arrow took the lead, and kept it for two miles bj about four lengths, when Flea gradually closed up the gajD, and on the back stretch of the third mile locked and apparently passed Arrow handily. Arrow now made a great efi'ort to regain the lead, but the pace had been so tremendous from the start, that he could not do so ; Little Flea, to the surprise of every one, kept up his rapid run, and won the heat by a trifle, in the fastest time on record, 6.33^. Arrow had in the last few jumps of the heat evidently been gaining, and as the two passed the judges' stand, Arrow was at the saddle girth of Flea.
As Arrow had apparently labored more in the first heat than Flea, and appeared more distressed by his exertions, and the great heat of the sun, the race by some persons was looked upon as almost finished, Flea becoming the favorite at odds of 100 to 20. In the second heat Arrow again led the way, open- ing a large gaj), and apparently running with more ease and steadiness tlian in the first heat ; Arrow kept the lead, in spite of every efii'ort of Flea to take it, although he strove hard to do so ; but Arrow won the heat in the quick time of 5.36, by two open lengths.
Again the betting changed, and Arrow came into favor at odds of 100 to 30. In the third heat Arrow again led ofi", soon opening a gap of twelve lengths, and never more even lapped, winning the heat and race handily, by eight clear lengths, in 5.43^.
The whole race was a most remarkable one, the time being the best on record at three-mile heats. The two first heats were also as exciting as ever witnessed on a race course ; but we must stop our remarks and give the figures.
SUMMARY.
Sunday, April 9— Jockey Club Purse, $1,000, for all ages, weights as above. Tbree-mile heats.
D. F. Kenner's ch. g. Arrow, by Boston, out of Jeannetton by imp. Leviathan,
5yrs.— Abe— 211
A. L. Bingaman's b. g. Little Flea, by Grey Eagle, dam, imp., by Acta;on, 5 yrs.— Gil.
Patrick— 122
IST Heat. 2d Heat. 8d Heat.
Time of 1st mile, .... 1.51 .... 1.52J .... 1.52^ Time of 2d mile, .... 1.51 .... 1.51 .... 1.54i Time of 8d mile, .... 1.51i .... 1.52i .... 1.56i
Total time, 5.33i .... 5.86 .... 5.48J
NEW ORLEANS SPRING MEETING, 1854. 347
The late Races. — ^The two weeks' Spring races of tlie Me- tairie Jockey Club are over, and now that the excitement con- nected with them is past, it is on looking back and reviewing the series of brilliant events which have taken place during their continuance, that we can truly say that they are unpar- alleled in the racing annals of the country. The admirable and discreet manner in which all the preliminaries and accessories were arranged by Mr. Richard Ten Broeck, the proprietor, was most fortunate for the pleasure and success of the meeting. But few persons are aware of the many perplexing difficulties to be encountered in the management of a brilliant race meeting, in order to give that general satisfaction which is felt and expressed by the community.
During the last two weeks, not only one race, but many, have been run, which for speed are unequalled in all the records of the " Racing Calendar."
The " State Stake," although run in slow time, owing to the condition of the track, was still a most interesting, closely con- tested, and heavy-betting contest.
The three-mile race of Blonde, on the 5th inst., when she beat Little Flea in 5.36^ — 5.3-4, was then the quickest three- mile race on record ; but on the 9th inst.. Little Flea and Arrow ran a three-mile race in the astonishing time of 5.33^ — 5.36 — 5.43i ; Little Flea winning the first heat and Arrow winning the race.
"Wild L-ishman won, on the 7th inst., a two-mile j)urse, in two heats, in 3.441—3.39.
On the 6th inst., Teallie, a two-year- old filly, won a race at mile heats, best three in five, in which six horses started, in the unequalled time of 1.47^—1.48— 1.46i— 1.461—1.48— 1.46^ —1.50.
Less than 1.47 has frequently been done by difierent horses.
But the most brilliant event of all was the four-mile race of the 8th inst., in which Lecomte, Lexington and Reube ran ; the latter being distanced in the second heat, and Lecomte winning the race in two heats, although he carried three pounds over weight, in the unparalleled and never before expected fast time of 7.26 — 7.38f ! We might dwell upon many other pleasant features connected with the late meeting, comparing the above
348 THE HOKSE.
witli previous performances, but tliis paper is not exactly the proper arena for that interesting discussion. The cohimns of the " Spirit of the Times " are broad and ample, and there we anticipate reading many pleasant recitals of the incidents, and comparisons deduced from the figures and blood displayed during the late meeting, from many able pens. The -whole sea- son has been most profitable to the enterprising proprietor, Mr. Ten Broeck, and has given much gratification to a larger num- ber of persons than were ever before assembled in this portion of the country on similar occasions. — W. 0. Picayune.
These campaigns of 1854, 1855, and 1856, the principal events of which, as above recorded, will long stand conspicuous in the annals of the American Turf, are certainly to be con- sidered of great mark.
Although the springy and elastic nature of the New Orleans courses are peculiarly favorable to the making of fast time, and the excessive lightness of the Southern weights tend to the same result, no one can deny the greatness of the achievements.
The fastest four-mile heats in Y.26i by Lecomte, in 7.19f by Lexington, against Lecomte's time, and lastly in 7.23f by Lex- ington, against Lecomte; the fastest three-mile heats in 5.30| and 5.28, by Brown Dick against Arrow ; and the fastest mile that ever was run, of truly recorded time, and that the third of a two-mile heat, constitute certainly a record of which to be proud.
But, alas ! of these chamj)ions what remains to record ? Lexington, blind prematurely ; Henry Perritt, dead of his over- exertions ; Lecomte, said — it is hoped untruly — to be amiss, in his forelegs, in England ; Pryor and Prioress alone left to support their country's glory on the classic sod of Newmarket heath and Goodwood. To judge of the powers they have shown, and of the vast allowances with which they will run, one would say that they ought to conquer ! But the race is not always to the swift, nor the battle to the strong. H. W. H.
TIME. 349
FASTEST AND BEST EDNNING TIME ON RECORD.
Three-quarters of a mile, by Karragansett, at Narragansett Park, August 25, 1868, 1.1 Tf
Three-quarters of a mile, by Flash of Lightning, 3 years old, at Saratoga, August 18, 1870, 87 pounds, 1.1T|-.
One mile, best on record, by Judge Curtis (late Gen. Duke), at Saratoga, July 18, 1870, 114 pounds, 1.431
One mile, by Herzog, 3 years old, carrying 90 pounds, second heat, 1.43|-, at Cincinnati, May 25, 1869.
One mile, Yersailles, first heat in 1.43f , full weight, at Cin- cinnati, September 21, 1869.
One mile, May 30, 1866, second heat. Revolver, 1.44^.
Mammona ran the first heat at Lexington, Ky., 1862, in 1.441.
One mile, Pompey Payne, second heat, in 1.44|-, full weight, at Lexington, Ky., May 17, 1869.
One mile, the best on record for a two-year old, by Hamburg, in L45, at Cincinnati, September 23, 1869.
One mile. General Duke, at two years old, 1.45-I-, at Cincin- nati, September 26, 1867.
Climax ran a mile at Jerome Park, July, 1S6S, with 148J pounds up, in 1.48J.
One and an eighth miles, by Fanny Ludlow, at Saratoga, August, 1869, 1.56. This is at the rate of 1A?>^ to the mile.
Fastest one and a quarter mile dash, by jSTarragansett, in 2.10, at Saratoga, August 4, 1869, carrying 90 pounds.
One mile and a half, the fastest by Gleuelg, 4 years old, 100 pounds, at Monmouth Park, Long Branch, August 2, 1870, 2.37|.
Fastest one and three-quarter mile dash, by Corsican, 4 years old, 105 pounds, in 3.07|, at Saratoga, August 7, 1869.
Fastest two miles on record, run by Hegira, at New Orleans, November 23, 1850, catch weight, 3.341.
Best two miles on record, at Lexington, Ky., September 12, 1867, by Lancaster, 3.351— 3.381
Fastest two and a quarter miles, by Kentucky, at Saratoga, August, 1865, 4.01|.
350 THE HORSE.
Best two and a quarter miles, by Muggins, 4 years old, 118 pounds, at Saratoga, August 2, 1867, 4.03.
Fastest two and a half miles, by Ilelmbold, 4 years, at Long Branch, July 30, 1870, 4.331
Two and a half miles, by General Yorke, at Narragansett Park, August, 1868, 4.37|.
Fastest and best three-mile race on record, by Norfolk, Sep- tember 23, 1865, California, 5.27J— 5.29i.
Fastest four miles on record, Lexington, 5 years old, 103 pounds, at New Orleans, April 2, 1855, 7.19f.
Same, Lexington, five years old, 103| pounds, April 14, 1855, beating Lecomte, 7.23f .
Best four miles on record, Idlewild, on Long Island, June 25, 1863, full weight, 7.26i
Fastest hurdle race, two miles, over eight hurdles, by Jones- boro, 3.51 1, at the Metairie Course, April 11, 1868.
Best hurdle race, two miles, over eight hurdles, by Black- bird, at Saratoga, August, 1867, 3.57|, carrying 161 pounds.
EDITORIAL NOTES.
* (P. 343.) Cassandra was imj^ortcd iu foal to Shakspeare, which foal was called Stella.
f (P. 345.) At the same moetiug, three days after he was beaten by Brown Dick, he beat Le Roi three miles, in 5.35^. Le Roi was drawn after the first heat. At Xatchez, two days before, he was beaten by Lecomte, four-mile heats. He beat Ricardo, three-mile heats, in 5.48^. Ricardo was drawn after first heat. Iu 1856, at Natchez, Miss., he beat Bijou, three-mile heats, in 6.04| — 6.14. At Xew Orleans, Blonde beat him, three-mile heats, in 5.38^ — 5.4.7.
PEDIGREE,
CHARACTERISTICS AND PERFORMANCES OF PRYOR.
Peyoe was got by Glencoe, in 1852 — dam Gipsey, own sister to Medoc by American Eclipse, g. dam Young Maid of the Oaks l)y Imp. Expedition, g. g. dam, Maid of the Oaks by Imp. Spread Eagle, g. g. g. dam by Imp. Sharke, g. g. g. g. dam by Nelson's Eockingham, g. g. g, g. g. dam by True Whig, g. g. g. g. g. g. dam by Bajdor's Gallant, g. g. g. g. g. g. g. dam by Bnr- well's Regulus, g. g. g. g. g. g. g. g. dam by Imp. Diamond, &c. 4 ExPEDiTioisr was by Pegasus, dam Active by Woodpecker. Laura by Whistle Jacket, Pretty Polly by Starling, sister to Diana by Second, Hanger's mare by Stanyan's Arabian, Gipsey by King William's Barb, Makeless, Royal mare.
Pegasus was by Eclipse out of a Bosphorus mare, Forester, Coalition Colt, Bustard, Charming Molly.
Woodpecker was by Herod, dam Miss Ramsden by Lonsdale Arabian, Bay Bolton, Darley Arabian, Byerly Turk, Place's White Turk, Taiiblet Barb, Barb Mare.
Wliistle Jacket was by Mogul, Sweepstakes Mare, Hamp- ton Court Arab, Makeless, Brimmer, White Turk, Dodsworth, Lay ton Barb Mare.
Mogul was by the Godolphin Arabian, dam, Large Hartley Mare.
Sweepstakes was by the Bloody Shouldered Arab, Baste, Old Spot, Young Spanker, Hautboy, Bustler.
Spread Eagle was got by Volunteer, dam by Highflyer, g. dam by Engineer, g. g. dam by Cade, g. g. g. dam Lass of the Mill by Traveller, g. g. g. g. dam Miss Makeless.
353 THE HORSE.
Shakke was got by Marske, dam, Wag's dam by Marlbo- rough, g. dam a natural Barb mare, dam of Lord Portmore's Tiney.
Marlborough was by the Godolphin Arabian out of tlie Large Hartley Mare, own brother to Mogul.
Rockingham was by Partner, dam Imp. mare Blossom, grand dam by Sloe, g. g. dam by Pegulus. — This mare is not in the Stud-Books.
Partner was by Moreton's Traveller out of Selima by the Godolphin Arabian.
Moreton's Traveller was by Croft's Partner, Bloody Buttocks, Greyhound, Makeless, Brimmer, White Turk, Dodsworth, Lay- ton Barb mare.
True Whig by Fitshugh's Regulus, dam Spotswood, Imp. Cullen Arabian mare, dam of Apollo.
Gallant was got by Imp, Fearnought, dam Stately by Imp. Sober John, g. dam Imp. mare Strawberry.
Imp. Regulus was got by Regulus in England, dam by Part- ner, Cupid, Hautboy, &c.
Fearnought was by Regulus, dam Silvertail by Ileneage's Whitenose, Rattle, Darley Arabian, Old Child mare by Gresley Arabian, Yixen by Ilelmsley Turk, Dodsworth's dam.
Jenny Dismal is said to be by Dismal, son of the Godolphin, out of Bald Charlotte, but is not in the Stud Book.
Sober John- was by Hercules out of sister to Telemachus, by Herod, Skim, Janus, Spinster by Crab, Partner, Bloody But- tocks. Greyhound, Makeless, Brimmer, White Turk, Dodsworth, Layton Barb Mare.
Hercules was by Matchem, dam Riot by Regulus, Blaze, Fox, Darley Arabian, Woodcock's dam.
The mare Strawberry cannot be traced.
Diamond is said to be a son of Hautboy, his dam unknown, but he cannot be traced in the English Stud Books ; and beyond this the pedigree of Gipsey cannot be followed.
* Sober John foaled in 1748; imported into Virginia, by Col. Baylor. By Rib, balance of pedigree unknown. The following sketch may be found in Hebers's English Racing Calendar for 1754, page 187. He ran that year six times, and won the following races: — May 23, Wisbech, Norfolk, £50; June 12, Stamford, Lincoln- shire, £50. He cannot be out of a Ilerod mare, for Sober John was foaled ten years before Herod — one in 1748, the other 1758. Plercules, his sire, was foaled in 1772, and Matchem, Hercules sire, was foaled in 1748. — Ed.
DESCRIPTION OF PETOE. 353
This, upon the whole, may be regarded as a fair specimen of an American pedigree, being traceable, so far as it can be traced at all, to English horses of unimpeachable character ; and failing at last, from the want of records at an early date.
The performances of the whole family, however, are far too decided and too long sustained to leave a doubt of the blood.
DESCEIPTION OF PEYOK.
Of this horse, concerning whom there has always prevailed something of mystery, as of Lecomte, I have been able to find no published description. The fine poi'trait which accompanies this memoir, exquisitely engraved by Mr. Hinshelwood, from an original picture in the possession of his owner Mr. Ten Broeck, and lent, by his courtesy, for this work, is said to be an excel- lent likeness.
Its peculiar characteristic is the extreme length of the neck and forehand, and the light spiry cut of the animal generally ; yet w^e are told, by those who have seen and known him, that he is rather a pony-built and close-ribbed-up horse than otherwise, which certainly does not appear from the portrait in question. His color is a somewhat dull chestnut. There has been some dis- pute about his age, but I can state on authority that it is clearly authenticated that he is only in his fourth year.
His first appearance was on the Metairie Course at New Orleans, on the same day on Avhicli Lexington won his great match against Lecomte's time, when he came out winner, in the
Thursday, April 5th — Picayune stakes, 2 year olds to carry 3 year old weights, colts 86 lbs., fillies 83 lbs., nineteen subscribers, mile heats, at $300 each, forfeit, $100, dec. $50.
R. Ten Broeck's ch. c. Pryor, by Imp Glencoe, out of Gipsey, 2 11
W. J. Minor's gr. f. La dame Blanche, by Voucher, out of Lady Jane by Imp. Levi- athan, 132
D. F. Kenner's Melody, by Voucher out of Music, 3 2 8
Time, 1.50— 1.50— 1.56|.
Again at the same meeting, he ran with different fortune.
Friday, April 13th. — Sweepstakes of 2 year olds to carry 3 year old weights, as above, mile hcata, five subscribers at $200 each, h. ft. with $2S0 added by the Club.
D. F. Kenner's br. t Minnow, by Voucher out of Dolphin by Leviathan, . . . 2 11
E. Ten Broeck's ch. c. Pryor, by Imp. Glencoe out of Gipsey, 3 2 2
A. L. Bin?aman"s b. c. by Bundle and Go, dam by Medoc, 4 4 3
A. Lecomte & Co.'s ch. F. Mary Bertrand, by Glencoe, dam by Imp. Piiuin, . . 18 dst
K. L. Bingaman's g. c. by Belshazzar out of Laura by Pacific,
Time. l.SSJ -1.46i— 1.48^.
Vol. I.— 28
354 THE H0K8E.
In the autumn lie was again defeated by Minnow —
For — Wpdnesday, Nov. 4th. — Jockey Club Purse, $400, for all ages, 3 year olds carrying 86 lbs,, ♦— 100 lbs., 5 — 110 lbs., 6 — 118 lbs., 7 and upwards 124 lbs., allowing 3 lbs. for mares and geld ings. Two-mile heats.
D. F. Kenner's d. g. Minnow, by Voucher out of Dolphin by Imp, Leviathan, 3 years, 1 1
E. Ten Broeck's ch. c. Pryor, by Glencoe out of Gipsey, 3 years, ..•..22
D. J. Minor's ch. c. Vandyke, by Imp. Belshazzar out of Imp. Britannia, 4 years, . . 3 dst.
Time, 3.43-5.36 J.
And in the month ensuing he closed his campaign on the Metairie Course.
Sunday, Dec. 9th. — Purse, $250, for all ages, weight as above. Two-mile heats.
E. Ten Broeck's ch. c. Pryor, by Glencoe out of Gipsey, 3 years old, 11
A. Lecomte & Co.'s Corinne, by Imp. Glencoe dam by Imp. Sarpedon, 3 years, ... 2 2
B. Eiley's ch. g. Eed Ox, by Pat Galway out of Ha'penny, 4 years old, carried 5 lbs. extra, 8 8
Time, 4.13-^.lT.
NATCHEZ, MISS., SPRING EACES.
PIIARSALIA COURSE. PRYOR AND LECOMTE— PRYOR THE VICTOR.
Third Day. — Tlie race which took place at Natchez on Sat- urday last, four-mile heats, between Pryor and Lecomte, was, I think, almost equal to any I ever witnessed, stamping both of the contending nags as first-rate horses, and proving conclusive- ly to my mind that Lecomte is a gamer and better horse than I had previously given him credit for. The difficulties which he encountered in the prosecution of his tedious land journey from Alexandria to Natchez, could not have been instrumental in improving his condition, which, however, to appearance was all that could be desired. His eye was clear and bright, as was his skin, and his proud defiant air, and elastic step, betokened ability to go the pace, and keep it. In his exercise, which I particularly noticed the day before the race, I was much pleased with the style in which he came down the quarter stretch. He looked as if he could fairly fly. He had no superfluous flesh upon him, and in short, upon stripping for the race, he looked the perfection of a horse.
Of Pryor but little was known, and therefore little was ex- pected. Twice had he met Mr. Kenners filly Minnow, and in
PETOR AND LECOMTE. 355
both instances he was compelled to yield the palm of superi- ority to her powers — tlie latter race of two-mile heats was the longest distance he had ever i-nn. In his race with Le Roi, three days previously, he had developed extraordinary fleetness, and the purity of his blood, and the general excellence of his form, gave promise ot endurance which lured his trainer to the desperate chance of attacking even so formidable a rival as the renowned Lecomte, of 7.2G memory. A better bred or more gallant steed ne'er struck the ground than Pryor, and in this contest well and nobly has he sustained the exalted reputation that his ancestors, on the maternal side, years long gone by, established upon the American Tuif by their glorious achieve- ments.
The Fharsalia Course, at be^t a slow one, according to esti- mates of those who, for many years, have trained and run horses upon it, was not less than from twelve to fifteen seconds slower than in its best condition, and yet the time made upon this occasion, if I have not been misinformed, was better than any every before made upon the course. This speaks trumpet- tongued, and fully explains the superiority of the contestants, and tlie excellence of their condition.
There was but little betting at the commencement of the race — 100 to 15 in some instances — 100 to 20 for a while cur- rent— more hundreds than twenties on Lecomte.
The lack of changes or variety in the race, precludes the necessity of a very lengthy description. It was evident, from the start, that the instructions to Pryor's rider were, " wait and win," and he fulfilled them to the letter, and rode the race throughout in a style that would have given credit to Gil. Pa- trick.
Pryor went oflf with the lead, but resigned it to Lecomte at the commencement of the back stretch, and took position about three lengths in his rear. These positions were but slightly changed during three and a half miles, the pace, however, visi- bly increased in the second and third miles. On the fourth mile they were running at tell-tale stroke. Just after passing the half-mile post, Pryor made play, and, by a terrific burst of speed, passed his competitor like a dart, amidst the most un- earthly and deafening shouts I ever heard. The run liorae was
356 THE HOESE.
at a rapid fliglit, and for a while exciting ; Lecomte, however, could not reach his wirj antagonist, who came to the stand about a clear length in the lead. Tlie time of the fourth mile, 1.52 ! of the heat, 7.47.
The problem of Pryor's ability to go another four miles was not yet solved to the satisfaction of his friends, and at the pace which it was certain Lecomte would carry him the next heat, they well knew lie had to be a trump. He looked, how- ever, as if he could go to Salisbury, N. C, and his appearance and behavior, before starting for the second heat, inspired fresh confidence in his friends, who backed him heavily at even, to win.
Lecomte was evidently not a little the worse for wear. "When he stopped, he "blew out" strong and heartily, but a short time before starting again he had a quick " sheep blow," which plainly indicated that he was tired, and his conduct dur- ing the remainder of the race impelled me to the conviction which I have expressed at the commencement of this report. Throughout the whole race, gallantly and faithfully did he re- spond to each call made upon him — but in vain ; it was too evident that he was overmatched.
The second heat was almost a repetition of the first, save that it was faster, which, under the circumstances, astonished all who witnessed it. Lecomte was determined to " do or die." Pryor equally determined to allow him to regulate the pace, until it suited his rider to take the lead. Yery nearly at the same sjDot as in the first heat he made a terrific dash, and gave him the go-by at a sort of telegraphic speed, and came in, I am constrained to say, an easy winner. About tliat time, and for several minutes afterward, it would have been somewhat difii- cult to " hear any thing drop." The time of the heat, 7.44f .
SUMMAET. Saturday, March 15 — Association Purse, $S00, for all ages, weights as above. Four-milo heata. A. L. Bingaman's — E. Ten Broeck's — ch. c. Pryor, pedigree above, 3 yrs. . ..11
Thos. J. Wells' ch. h. Lecomte, by Boston, out of Eeel, 5 yrs. ...... 2 2
FIKST HEAT.
Time of first mile, 2.00
Time of second mile, 1.57
Time of third mile, 1.58
Time of fourth mile, 1.52
6EC0RD HEAT.
Time of first mile, 1.56
Time of second mile, l.SfJ
Time of third mile 1.58
Time of fourth mile, 1.54
Time of first heat, T.4T Time of second heat, 7.4-l|
Track heavy.
^ew Orleans Picayune,
PERFORMANCES OF PRYOR. 357
In the month of July, 1856, he was sent with Lecomte and Prioress, Mr. Ten Broeck's string, by the City of Edinburgh to Glasgow, and is now understood to be in training on IsTewmarket heath. It is understood that their owner entertains higlier liopes and expectations of this horse, than his performances would appear exactly to justify, but his sagacity and judgment are such, and have been so rarely proved, that it were unwise greatly to distrust the conclusions to which he may have delib- erately come, on grounds best known to himself.
FASHION JOCKEY CLUB KACES.
APRIL SPRING MEETING, 1856.
Second Race — Second Day. — Tliere were three entries for the Jockey Club stakes, four-mile heats — Pryor, Floride, and Augusta ; the latter paid forfeit ; in town on Tuesday and Wednesday morning, Floride was the favorite, but as the race was postponed, all bets made previous to the postponement are void. On the course, Pryor was the favorite at 100 to 75, and a large amount of money was laid out at these odds — one gentle- man winning not less than $10,000.
Pryor drew the track, and an excellent start was effected. Floride soon went in front, and passed the stand a length ahead the first mile, Pryor making a waiting race of it until reaching the first quarter of the last mile, when he went up, and they passed the half mile post lapped, Pryor winning handily by three lengths.
Second Heat. — 100 to 20 and 100 to 10 were now offered on Prj'or, but few or no takers could be found, as it was thought that Floride could not make her way through the heavy course. Floride led off, and took the track after making the first turn. The running from here to the end was similar to that in the first heat, Pryor waiting till .the last half mile, when he went up, passed, and won by two lengths. Floride is a beautiful mare, but Pi-yor is a perfect specimen of a race-horse.
358
THE HORSE.
The following is a summaiy of tlie day's sport : —
Thursday, June 19 — Jockey Club stakes for all ages, weights as before. Three subs, at $200 each, $100 ft. If two shall start, the Club will add $900 ; if three, $1,200 ; if four, or more, $1,500 ; if three or more shall start, then the second best to receive back its entrance money. Four-mile heats. E. Ten Broeck"s ch. c. Pryor, by imp. Glencoe, out of Gipsey by Eclipse, 4 yrs. . .11 T. J. Woolfolk's ch. m. Floride, by Wagner, dam by Imp. Glencoe, 5 yrs. ... 2 2 Calvin Green's b. f. Augusta, pedigree above, 4 yrs. pd. ft.
FIEST HEAT.
Time of first mile, 2,0S
Time of second mile, .... 2.06
Time of third mile. . , . . . 2.02i
Time of fourth mile, .... 2.01
Time of first heat, 8.1 7f
SECOND HEAT.
Time of first mile, 2.14
Time of second mile, .... 2.10J
Time of third mile, 1.58i
Time of fourth mile, .... 1.56}
Time of second heat.
8.19
Same day — Association stake for three-year-olds, weights as before. Four subs, at $300 each, $100
ft., with $300 added. Mile heats. Wm. H. Gibbon's ch. g. Nicholas I., by imp. Glencoe, out of Nannie Ehodes by Wagner, 1 1
Calvin Green's b. c. by imp. Glencoe, out of Darkness by Wagner, 3 2
R. Ten Broeck's b. f. Prioress (late Poison), by imp. Sovereign, out of Reel by imp.
Glencoe, , . 2 dist
F. Morris's br. f. Etiquette, pedigree above, pd. ft.
Time, 1.55— l.dTJ. Track heavy.
A very numerous assemblage of spectators "was j)resent, and quite a large number of ladies, -whose smiling countenances lent a charm to the scene ■which is too frequently -wanting on our courses ; and the -way they (the ladies) entered into the sport, ■was a caution to persons -who think it a sin to laugh on Sunday, or -witness a contest of speed between the noblest of the brate creation, although they object not to attend in thousands to witness a trial of strength between two yoke of powerful oxen drawing a load of several tons up hill. Two of these ladies, by the way, finding the reporters' stand a very convenient place from which to view the race, took advantage of our temporary absence, and possession of our seat, much to our regret, and kept it until the termination of the heat. We were too gallant, of course, to attempt to dislodge them — they did seem to enjoy it so /
Pryor was tal^en to England, as elsewhere noticed. He ran twice in England, but won nothing. He died October 22, 1S57, of inflammation of the lungs.
ASTEROID. 359
ASTEEOID.
AsTEEom, bred by Messrs, J. C. Cbinn & Co., was by Lex- ington. 1st dam Nebula, by imported Glencoe ; 2d dam Blue Bonnet, by imported Hedgeford ; 3d dam Grey Fanny, by Bert- rand ; 4tli dam Grey Fanny, by imported Buzzard ; 5tb dam Arminda, by imported Medley; 6th dam Arminda, by im- ported Bolton ; 7th dam Sally Wright by Yorick ; 8th dam a thorough-bred mare of Col. Tayloe's, Mount Airy, Ya.
For Lexington's pedigree and performances, see memoir, page 303.
iN^ebula, Asteroid's dam, was a grey filly foaled in 1852, bred by Messrs. J. C. Chinn & Co. IS'ebula was never trained, con- sequently has no turf career. We give below her produce as far as known, which we believe covers them all.
nebula's pkoduce.
1859— b. f. Luna, by Lexington ;
1860 — b. f. Sue Lewis, by Lexington;
ISiJl — b. c. Asteroid, by Lexington ;
1862 — b. c. Asterisk, by Ringgold ;
1863— gr. c. Astor, by Lexington, crippled as suckling ;
1864 — missed to Lexington ;
18G5 — gr. c. Aneroid, (alias Hotspur), by Lexington.
She died at Indianapolis, Indiana, on her way to Illinois after foaling Aneroid, who was reared by hand.
Glencoe, bred by Lord Jersey, in 1831, was by Sultan out of Trampoline, by Tramp, her dam Web by Waxy, she out of Penelope by Trumpator, etc., etc., etc.
Glencoe started eight times in 1834, and won six. The Eiddlesworth Stakes at Newmarket ; the Desert Stakes at New-
360 THE HORSE.
market ; the 2000 Guineas at JN'ewmarket ; the Gold Cup at Goodwood ; the Racing Stakes at Goodwood ; the Garden Stakes at Newmarket. In 1835 he won the Gold Cup at Ascot, and challenged for the Whip at Newmarket, which was not accepted.
Glencoe was withdrawn from the turf after this race, and shortly afterwards purchased by Mr. James Jackson, Florence, Ala,, who sent an order to England to purchase the best horse in the market for sale. After his purchase Mr. Jackson permitted him to make the season of 1836 in England. From this season sprang the celebrated Pocahontas, who has placed his name highest upon the scroll of fame, and linked it imperishably for all time with the brightest pages of the English turf, through her three distinguished sons Stockwell, Rataplan and King Tom.
Glencoe stood in this country from 1837 to 1857, twenty years. Amongst the most distinguished of his get, we would name Reel, Budelight, Aduella, Peytona, Fanny King, Moth, Susan Hill, Torchlight, Frankfort, Highlander, Nannie Lewis, Pryor, Aldelgisa, Harper, Blonde, Charmer, Star Daris, Yandal, "Wild Irishman, Sallie Waters, Hugh L. French, Rigadoone, Top- sy. Magnolia, Bonnie Lassie, Bonnie Laddie, Nannie Clark, Nicholas, Rhoda, Novice, and Nebula.
Glencoe died August 25th, 1857, in the 27th year of his age, and he has been of inestimable value to the country as a breeder; no horse either native or imported surpasses or equals him as to brood mares. To Reel, by imp. Glencoe, we owe Lecomte, Starke and Prioress ; Fanny King produced Brown Dick ; Nan- nie Lewis produced Aldebaran ; Topaz produced Waterloo, Austerlitz, Wagram, Colton and Lodi ; Magnolia produced Princeton, Skedaddle, and the noted brothers Daniel Boone and Kentucky ; Rhoda produced Fleetwing ; Novice produced the renowned Norfolk ; Nebula produced Asteroid, Sue Lewis and Asterisk ; and finally Goodwood and Idlewild were both from Glencoe mares. But few first-class horses on the turf in the last ten years but were out of Glencoe mares, and they have as a general thing nicked well with Lexington.
asteroid's perfoemances. 361
description of asteroid.
Asteroid is a darkisli bay, foaled in 1861, bred by Messrs. J. C. Cliinn & Co., and purchased by the late E.. A. Alexander, Esq., wben a yearling, along with Blue Bonnet, Nebula, and others. The late Mr. Boyden was a joint owner of Blue Bonnet and her produce. He died during the war in Yirginia, and the surviying partner, the late Judge Chinn of Ilarrodsburg, Ky., sold the stock to Mr. Alexander.
Asteroid stands 15 hands 1| inches high without shoes. He has a large star about the size of a silver dollar in the forehead. His legs are black from a little above the knees to the hocks, with white on both hind pasterns nearly to the joint, and black spots in white around the coronet. His near fore-heel is white, extending in a narrow strip around the coronet, but so mingled with black spots and hau's as to give it a greyish appearance. He has a Glencoe head, Koman in character, well set on a stout and longish neck, running into beautiful and well-laid shoulders. He has great length, immensely stout back, well coupled, fine quarters and hips, with large stifles and great driving powers. His arms are large and strong, immense length from hip to hocks, good legs, long elastic pasterns, with sound feet. His action was superb, and when in motion impressed you greatly with Ms strength and power.
asteroid's PERFORMANCES.
St. Louis, Mo., Thnrrday, May 19th, ISC^l— Sweepstakes for three-year-old colts and fillies; $100 entrance, C^O forfeit ; $300 added (10 subscribers). Value of stake $1350. Weight 90 pounds. E. A. Alexander's b. c. Asteroid, by Lexington, dam Nebula by Imp.
Glencoe 11
T. Ward's b. c. Tipperary, by Ringgold, dam Rosana, by Imp. Chesterfield . . . .3 2 Reber & Kiertz' b. c. Scotland, by Imp. Bonnie Scotland, dam by Imp. Monarch . 2 3
Time 1471—1-16-1.
t
Asteroid the favorite two to one over the others. First heat won by two lengths, the second by a head. He was laboring under bucked shins.
Lexington, Ky., Monday, Sept. 20th, 18C4— Sweepstakes for three-year-old colts and fillies, $100 entrance, $30 forfeit; the Club to add $200— mile heats— value of stake $600.
R. A. Alexander's b. c. Asteroid, pedigree above 11
J. Harper's gr. c. Loadstone, by Lexington, out of Blue Bonnet 8 2
J. Ford's br. c. Grant, by Lexington, dam by Imp. Glencoe 2. 3
Time 147£-147|.
362 THE HOKSE.
Asteroid favorite against the pair. Both heats won easily.
Same Meeting, Friday, Sept. 30tli, 18C4— Sweepstakes for three-year-old colts and fillies, two mile heats, value of stake $000.
E. A. Alexander's b. c. Asteroid 11
J. Harper's b. f. Easter by Endorser, dame Helen Swigert 2 2
Time, 406— 406-^ Track muddy.
Asteroid favorite three to one. Won easily.
Louisville, Ky., Oct. 10th, 1864— A sveeepstakes for three-year-old colts and Allies, mile heats $100 each, half forfeit; the Association added $750 (7 subscribers). Value of stakes $1250.
E. A. Alexander's b. c. Asteroid 11
J. M. Clay's ch. f. Georgia Woods, by Imp. Knight of St. George, dam Margaret Woods,
by Imp. Priam 2 2
J. W. Ford's br. c. Grant, pedigree above 3 3
Time, 1481—1501.
Same Meeting, Oct. 14th, 18G4— A sweepstakes for three-year-olds, two mile heats, $200 each ;
half forfeit, and the Association added $1000 (6 subscribers). Value of stake $1700. E. A. Alexander's b. c. Asteroid— walked over.
St. Louis, Mo., May 9th, 1865 — A sweepstakes for four-year-olds, mile heats, three in five, $500 entrance, $250 forfeit ; $1000 added (5 subscribers). Value of stake $3000.
E. A. Alexander's b. c. Asteroid, 4 years old 2111
C. C. Fife's b. c. Young Bonnie Scotland, by Imp. Bonnie Scotland, dam Young
Fashion, by Imp. Monarch ,..1232
H. Taylor's b. f. Prairie Bird, by Imp. Sovereign, dam by Boston . . . 3 3 2 3 Time, 150i—148i— 150^-1495.
Asteroid the favorite, second, third, and fourth heats won, each by from two to three lengths.
Louisville, Ky., June 0th, 1805 — Jockey Club Purse $600, two mile heats, for all ages.
E. A. Alexander's b. c. Asteroid, 4 years 11
J. Harper's gr. c. Loadstone, 4 years 2 2
TIME.
First heat. Second heat.
First mile 149 1-14
Second mile , . 147^ 154
33G1 338
The best description of this race, and indeed about the only one extant, we take from the " Spirit of the Times," contributed by a correspondent under the signature of " Sport." The reporter for the Louisville Journal states that the first heat was run in SSSA, and so made by a great many watches.
On the second day we had the best two-mile race, take it for all in all, that ever was run in the country. The horses were both four-year-old colts by Lexington, one being Asteroid out of ISTebula, by Lnp. Glencoe, and the other the gray colt Loadstone, out of Blue Bonnet, by Imp. Hedgeford. Mr.
astekoid's pekfokmances. 303
Alexander bred tliem botli and sold the latter, wlien a yearling, to John Harper." Asteroid was the favorite at 100 to 40. He looked to me a little high in flesh, but Mr. Alexander and old Ansel were well satisfied with him and con- fident of winning. The gray colt was brought out last year and showed fine speed, but did nothuig equal to the reputation of the famous family to which he belongs. He has much improved, and is, I think, likely to train on and improve more yet. There was great interest manifested in the colts, and many predictions were made as to time. IlTobody, however, put it as low as the horses ran. They are close relations, for Asteroid's dam, Ne- bula, was by Glencoe out of Blue Bonnet, Loadstone's dam.
First Heat. — Asteroid made the running at a good pace, the gray keeping well up. The first half mile was 55s. They then bettered the pace a little, and the mile was run in Im. 49s., the gray being close to Asteroid as they passed the stand. The gray now made an eflort for the lead, and at the turn had the best of it by a neck, which was no sooner perceived than a thundering shout was raised by his friends and the takers of the odds. But Asteroid now put on steam, and for above a quarter of a mile they ran neck and neck. The sight was very beautiful. In power and grace of action they are both superb, and they were doing about their best, no doubt. They ran together, literally head and head, past the half-mile and down behind the grove. The interest was intense while they were lost to sight, for it was felt that one viiist have some advantage by the time they opened out again. When they appeared in sight. Asteroid was in the lead, but the gray at his girths. Loadstone's rider now gathered him together for a rush on the homestretch. The colt made a gallant effort, but Asteroid was too stout and speedy to be col- lared. He won it in 3m. SGjs., the second mile being run in Im, 471 s.
Second Heat. — It was a hundred to twenty on Asteroid, but this was taken freely. The friends of the gray had lost but little of heart or hope, for he had proved himself a race-horse all over, though beaten in the heat. At the start the gray colt
* Mr. Alexander did not breed either of them. They were purchased hy him, when yearlings.
36-i THE HOKSE.
made the running at great speed in a desperate effort to get a strong lead or cut down Asteroid. He was lialf a length ahead of the latter for the first half-mile, but then Asteroid gained inch hj inch, both being thoroughly extended and running very fast. They were close lapped all the way round, and at the distance stand on the stretch Loadstone still had a short head the best of it. At the string'j however, the bay colt's nose was in front, and the mile was Im. •^s. Asteroid now took a clear lead, and won the heat without any apparent trouble, in 3m. 38s., the second mile being Im. 54:S. Some placed Loadstone first by a short head when they crossed the string at the end of the first mile, but I was in a good position to see, observed them carefully as they ran by, and am satisfied that Asteroid was then half a head in the lead. When they came in Loadstone was tired. Asteroid did not appear to be at all distressed, and in my opinion could have run the last mile of the heat three seconds faster, without being much driven. He had no " persuasion " in either heat, except that of seeing a competitor run by his side nearly all the way.
Same Meeting, June 10th, 1865 — Jockey Club Purse gSOO for all ages, three mile heats.
R. A. Alexander's b. c. Asteroid, 4 years 1
J. Harper's g. c. Loadstone, 4 years dis.
Dr. Weldon's b. c. Dr. Lindsay, 4 years old by Lexington, dam by Imp. Glencoe . dis.
,153 Time, ■] 153 = 5:49'
< 203i-
Cincinnati, O., June 21st, 1865 — Horseman's Purse $000, two mile heats, free for aU ages.
E. A. Alexander's b. c. Asteroid, 4 years .11
J. W. Weldon's ch. g. Red Oak, by Second Altorf, dam by Job aged .... 2 dis.
TtSIE.
First mile 150 148 J
Second mUe 150 1511
340 340-1-
Asteroid the favorite $1000 to $100. Won with great ease.
Same Meeting, June 23d, 1865 -Purse $1000, three mile heats, for all ages. R. A. Alexander's b. c. Asteroid, 4 years— walked over.
About this time great anxiety existed to see Kentucky and Asteroid meet, and with that view the following challenge was issued July 8th, 1865 :
ASTEROID AND KENTUCKY. 365
Challenge for $25,000 a side ! at Two or Three Mile Heats, $5000 allowed the jyarty accepting to defray expenses.
As nearly all the prominent liorses are engaged at Saratoga, I propose the following offer to them :
I will run Kentucky two or three mile heats, over the Sara- toga Course, on any day between the first and sixth of August next that the accepting party may designate, for from $10,000 to $25,000 a side, half forfeit, to be deposited in the United States Life and Trust Company, in the City of ]^ew York, at the time of acceptance, and the day of running to be then named ; and I will give the party accepting this offer 20 per cent, of the money they put up to defray their expenses, should Keutucky win.
John Hunter,
Care of W. R. Tr avers & Co.,
19 William Street, K Y.
On the 5th of August, 1865, the following reply appeared in the "Turf, Field, and Farm."
THE ASTEROID AND KENTUCKY CONTROVERSY.
In our first number, Aug. 5th, we published a letter received by us from Mr. Alexander, worded as follows :
SPKma Station, Woodford Co., Ky., July 27, 1865.
John Hunter, Esq. — Dear Sir : I have seen your proposi- tion to run Kentucky against all horses engaged at Saratoga, for from $10,000 to $25,000 a side, half-forfeit, etc.
I have always been opposed to making or encouraging lig matches, for various reasons. In the first place, it partakes more of gambling than I like ; in the second place, it not unfrequently creates no little ill feeling between the parties engaged, and as men are more often carried away by their sympathies for one or other of the horses, in match races than in others, more money is usually won and lost, and often to an injurious extent. These are some of my reasons for disliking to engage in any heavy match ; but as your proposition has been considered by many as
366 THE HORSE.
a direct challenge to run Kentucky against Asteroid, and my engagements having been sucli as to have determined me, ere your challenge appeared, not to take my horse to Saratoga :
I l)eg to say that I will run Asteroid against Kentucky, two races, for ten thousand dollars ($10,000) a side, each race, half forfeit, one to be three-mile heats, the other to bo four-mile heats ; the first to be run at Cincinnati, over the course there, the last over the Louisville course ; each race to come off on the Saturday previous to the regular Autumn meetings at these points.
Should the two races be run, I will give you a sum equivalent to twenty (20) per cent, of the money you put up, whether you win or lose, to cover expenses, risk, etc., in bringing your horse so far from home. If only one race is run, the 20 per cent, will be allowed only on the amount you put up in that race.
As some of our friends have ascertained that traveling is no disadvantage to a race-horse, I hope you will come west and let Kentucky snuff his native air once more ; I think our tracks are as good as those in the east, and a horse owned east of the Alleghanies will be as great a curiosity on a course in this sec- tion of country as one of my entries would be were he to appear to run for the Jersey Derby, St. Leger or Saratoga Cup. How- ever, war being over, we may be able to support one another better ; and I now tell you that I not only hope to beat Ken- tucky, should he come west, but hope also to win more than one Derby and St. Leger with colts not only entered in my name, but run as my property, unless indeed I shall be ruled out for non-appearance within a certain time, of which in strict justice I should have due notice.
I am yours, very truly,
R. AiTCHisoN Alexander.
P. S. — As yon will have due time to think the match over by Monday, August 7, 1 may here say that I expect this proposition to be accepted or rejected at latest by that time.
Yours, etc.,
R. A. A.
ASTEROID AND KENTUCKY. 367
Mr. Hunter replied to the proposition as follows :
Saratoga, jST. Y., August 4, 1865.
R. AiTCHisoN Alexander, Esq. — Dear Sir : I have received your letter, post-marked Louisville, and bearing date 27th July, proposing to run Asteroid against Kentucky at Cincinnati and at Louisville, this fall, two races, for ten thousand dollars a side, each race at three and four mile heats, and I beg to say that, inasmuch as your letter limits my consideration of the matter to the 7tli inst., I must respectfully decline to make any acceptance or rejection of the same, within the time allowed. If, however, after the engagements of the impending Saratoga meeting are over, Kentucky shall be in such condition as will warrant further engagements on his part for the approaching fall, I will make another proposition for a meeting between him and Asteroid, which, I trust, will prove acceptable,
Yery truly yours,
John Hunter.
On the 22d of August, Col. S. D. Bruce received the follow- ing dispatch :
LExrKGTON, Ky., Aug. 21, 1865.
CoL. S. D. Eruce, ISTo. G2 Liberty Street, New York :
I authorize you to match Asteroid against Kentucky, two races for ten thousand dollars a side, each race half forfeit ; first race, three miles and repeat, at Cincinnati, 25th of September, second race, four miles and repeat, next August, at Saratoga. Proprietors of Cincinnati track give fifty per cent, of net receipts to winner. See Travers & Osgood.
(Signed) R. A. Alexander.
A copy of this dispatch Avas forwarded to Mr. Travers who was at Newport, to which Col. Bruce received the following note :
Newport, Aug. 23, 1865. Dear Sir : — I have this morning received your dispatch in- forming me of Mr. Alexander's proposal. I have forwarded it to Mr. Hunter, and on hearing from him, will commimicate with you again.
Respectfully yours, Col. S. D. Bruce. W. R. Travers.
368 THE nOKSE.
Mr. Hunter called upon Col. Bruce a short time after tlie re- ception of Mr. Travers' note, and stated tliat lie would accept Mr. Alexander's challenge of the 21st, provided that he (Mr. A.) would appoint the 18th of October for the day of meeting at Cincinnati, instead of the 25th of September. Col. Bruce rej)licd that he had no authority to make the change, but would tele- graph to Mr. Alexander and learn his opinion in regard to it. Mr. Hunter then made the following proposition :
To Col. S. D. Beuce. — Dear Sir: I have received Mr. Alexander's proposition, sent by you to Mr. Travers, and will state, in reply, that I will accept the proposition dated Lexing- ton, August 21st, 1865, to run Kentucky against Asteroid two races ; the first, of three mile heats, to be run at Saratoga, next summer, provided the first race to be run on the ISth of October, instead of September 25th. This proposal is to be accepted by Saturday noon.
Truly yours, Kew Toek, August 24. John Huntee.
The proposition was telegraphed Mr. Alexander without delay. On Saturday Col. Bruce received a dispatch from Mr. Alexander declining the modification of his proposition of the 21st, and authorizing (Col. B.) to present one dated the 23d.
New York, August 26, 1865. To John Huntee, Esq.
Dea7' Sir : Your modification of the proposition dated Lex- ington, August 21st, and signed R. A. Alexander, proposing to match Asteroid against Kentucky, is not accepted by Mr. Alexander. As the first proposition is declined, I am now authorized to present the following :
Lexington, Ky., August 23, 1845. To Col. S. D. Beuce, 62 Liberty Street, ]S"ew York :
I authorize you to match my horse Asteroid, two races, one of three mile heats, the other four mile heats, for ten thousand dollars a side ; each race play or pay ; the first race of three mile heats to come ofiT this autumn over any course in Kentucky to be named by the owners of Kentucky, they giving me thirty
ASTEROID AKD KENTUCKY, 369
days' notice as to when and where the race is to be run ; the second race four mile heats to be run next year over any course in the State of IS'ew York to be chosen by mo with same notice. The races at Lexington begin on the 9th of October — at Louis- ville on the 23d of October ; each course will give five thousand dollars to the winner. I v/arrant New York Course will do the
same.
(Signed) R. A. Alexander.
I am further authorized to state that the above proposition must be accepted not later than the evening of August 29th.
S. D. Bruce.
This closed the correspondence, Mr. Hunter declining to entertain the last proposition.
Cincinnati, O., Sept. 30, 18G5— Jockey Pui-se $1000; dash of four miles.
E. A. Alexander's b. c. Asteroid, 4 years old 1
Welden & Austen's b. h. Leatherlungs, 5 years old, by Lexington, dam by Imp. Glencoe 2 Track deep in mud, won in a canter.
Tune, 8:23.
At the Lexington Fall Meeting Mr. Alexander kindly an- nounced that Asteroid would not run during the meeting, as his entrance would destroy sport.
Louisville, Ky., Oct. 24th, 1835— Jockey Club Purse $400, two mile heats, for all ages. E. A. Alexander's b. c. Asteroid, 4 years — walked over.
Asteroid met with an accident in the spring of 1866, which prevented him from starting in the races during that spring. Jerome Park was inaugurated the fall of 1866, and a grand stake called the Inauguration Stake, four mile heats, was gotten up and closed with twenty-nine nominations. Asteroid, Kentucky, Fleetwing, and all the noted horses were entered. Asteroid came on to New York to run in this great Inauguration Stake, but broke down just on the eve of the event. The following beautiful notice of the accident appeared in the " Turf, Field, and Farm" of September 29th, 1866:
"A bright star has faded from the racing firmament. Asteroid has run his last race, and now must retire from the field where bright laurels are won. The pride of the West has broken down, and never more will he carry the colors of Mr, Alexander to a glorious triumph. On the eve of the greatest turf event of Vol. I.— 24
370
THE IIOESE.
modern times, by a severe accident be is deprived of tbe power of motion, and witbout a struggle must yield tbe j)alm of victory to bis illustrious rivals. In bis strengtb and pride, witb tbe future looming grandly before bim, be is cut down in a moment, like tbe flowers by a sudden frost, and witb drooping crest must pass sadly from tbe gaze of admiring eyes to wbere tbe clouds bang beaviest and darkest. His star bas set, and tbe otber orbs glow less brigbtly in tbe sky, for witb the radiant ligbt of beaven faded a world of splendor. He journeyed more tban a thousand miles to meet bis great rivals and put fortb a noble effort — make a migbty struggle for tbe cbampionsbip of tbe American turf, and the ink is scarcely dry that recorded his arrival at Jerome Park, before tbe pen must perform tbe sad duty of reporting him unable to appear in tbe great Inauguration race. He was in perfect health a few days ago, and was one of tbe finest pictures of a magnificent race-horse that mortal eyes ever gazed upon, and now be is but a wreck of bis former self. On Saturday be showed signs of lameness, and early on Sunday morning, be was pulled up from a short brush witb the power of one limb destroyed. He sprung the tendon of the right fore-leg so severely that be will never be able to stand the preparation for another race. On Thursday last they run him a trial in the mud, galloped bim again- in the mud on Friday, and it is thought that tbe sprain, which was so fully developed on Sunday, originated in one of these trials on tbe heavy track. Tbe horse was in splendid con- dition, and his trial run was so satisfactory that Mr. Alexander was inspired witb the greatest confidence. Had no accident oc- curred, be claims that tbe winner of tbe Inauguration race would have bad to have beaten Lexington's famous four-mile time by several seconds. On Sunday morning, Ford, who was riding him, Avhen he pulled bim up and found bow^ severe was the accident, dropped tbe reins upon the neck of the high-spirited horse, and burst into tears. Marius, we are told, wept over the ruins of Carthage, and the poet has commemorated tbe act in melodious verse. Manly, then, were tbe tears that fell uj:on the mane of tbe great Asteroid, for eyes never wept — not even those of Marius— over a grander fall — a more magnificent wreck. All of our glorious anticipations, on the eve of their being real-
ASTEROID AND KENTUCKY, 371
ized, have been destroyed. For more tlian a year the East has waited to welcome Asteroid to the theatre of Kentucky's triumphs, and ere the Vv-elcome is complete, they bid him farewell as he sadly retm'ns to the West, not with gorgeous plumage gayly flaunting in the wind and wearing the badge of victory, but with drooping head and banner trailing in the dust. He leaves us, not like Wellington returning from Waterloo, but like Boabdil, the proud Moorish king, yielding up his possessions to the vic- torious Spaniards, and retiring from the regal halls of his ances- tors. He goes from us with fallen crest, but with a proud, un- broken spirit. He has won his last victory upon the race-course, and henceforth will revel in the delights of the harem and win new victories there. He will find the victories of peace far sweeter than those of war, yet, with sadness we record his retire- ment from the field of glorious strife. The blood of Asteroid will course through other veins, and when we find one of his scions equaling the greatness of the sire, then, like a wandering Pleiad, we will hail another brilliant star to reign in a constella- tion as bright as the Milky Way. Farewell, mighty conqueror of the West, prince of royal blood, and son of a noble sire, though you cannot wear the laurels of the East, your brow is crowned with a wreath of deathless fame ; and voices that would have applauded you in the hour of victory, still applaud thy game spirit, shout " Well done, hero," and lips falter o'er and o'er again — farewell !
SUMMARY ASTEEOId's PERFORMANCES.
1864, started five times, won five.
St. Louis, Mo., won mile stake for 3-year-old8 $1950 00
Lexington, Ky., won mile stake for 3-year-olds 600 00
Lexington, Ky., won two mile stake for 3-year-old8 ■ . gQO 00
Louisville, Ky., won mile stake for 3-year-olds 1250 00
Louisville, Ky., walked over two mile stake for 3-year-old8 1700.00
1865, started seven times, won seven.
St. Louis, Mo., won sweepstake for 4-year-olds, mile heats 3 in 5 .... 3000.00
LouisviUe, Ky., won Jockey Club Purse, two mile heats 600,00
Louisville, Ky., won Jockey Club Purse, three mile heats 800.00
Cincinnati, O., won Horsemen's Purse, two mile heats 600.00
Cincinnati, O., walked over Purse, three mile heats 1000.00
Cincinnati, O., won Jockey Club Purse, four mile dash 1000.00
Louisville, Ky., walked over Jockey Club Purse, two mile heats .... 400.00
, ^ , Total winning . 13800.00
Started twelve times, won twelve, three of them walks.
372 THE HOKSE.
It will be seen by the above that Asteroid never lost a race in Lis sliort and brilliant career. It was the good fortune of the writer to see him in all his races except the two at St. Louis. In no race that we saw him run, could any one form an estimate of what he was capable of doing ; he beat all his horses at all distances with apparent ease. The first race he ran at St. Louis ; he was suffering with bucked shins and was Avhipped in that race, but with that exception he was never struck afterwards with either whip or spur. During the pendency of the cor- respondence between Mr. Hunter and Mr. Alexander, Asteroid was taken to Louisville, Ky., and run a trial of four miles with 104 lbs. A fresh horse was started against him each mile, and he beat them all and made the four miles in 7:23|,
The family from which Asteroid comes, has been one of the most remarkable in the history of the American turf. His dam, E^ebula, was never trained, nor was Luna her first foal. Sue Lewis was a fine mare and possessed an immense turn of speed. Asterisk was a fair race-horse, very speedy for a couple of miles. Aster was crippled at a two-year-old and never trained. Aneroid won some five or six races this last spring in good time.
Blue Bonnet, the " Old Blue Hen," as she was frequently called, won at all distances from one to four miles. She is better known in the stud as the dam of Little Arthur by Imp. Glencoe, and the four brothers Lightning, Thunder, Loadstone, and Lan- caster, the latter having the best two-mile race on record, 335|— 338i.
Grey Fanny produced Grey Medoc, the best horse of his day who won eighteen races out of twenty-two, and ran four miles in 7:35 ; Kate Aubrey, by A. Eclipse, was a fine race-mare, and is the dam of the celebrated Minnehaha. This family in all its collateral branches back to Sally Wright, by Yorick, have been fine racers and the producers of racers.
As to Asteroid, we know that Mr. Alexander thought he was the best horse he ever raised or trained, and held him in much higlier esteem than ITorfolk. He was frequently offered high prices for Asteroid, once $30,000, which he declined, determin- ing not to sell but keep him as a stallion. Asteroid was placed in the stud in 18G7, the oldest of his colts are two-year-olds this
ASTEKOID AND KENTUCKY. 373
spring, too young to form any estimate of their racing qualities. The vexed question of superiority between Asteroid and Ken- tucky— Norfolk having gone to California — will have to be settled by their progeny; and we have no doubt that both will be credited with sons and daughters worthy of their famous sii'e.
374 THE HORSE.
KEE^TUCKT.
Kentucky, bred by John M, Clay, Esq., Ashland, near Lexing- ' ton, Ky., was by Lexington. 1st dam Magnolia, by imported Glencoe ; 2d dam imported Myrtle, by Mameluke ; 3d dam Bobadilla, by Eobadil; 4th dam Pythoness, by Sorcerer; 5th dam Princess, by Sir Peter ; 6th dam by Dungannon ; 7th dam by Tnrf ; 8th dam by Herod ; 9th dam Golden Grove, by Blank ; 10th dam Spinster, by Crofts' Partner; 11th dam Bay Bloody Buttocks, by Bloody Buttocks; 12th dam by Greyhound; 13tli dam by Makeless ; 14th dam by Brimmer; 15th dam by Place's White Turk: IGth dam by Dodsworth ; 17th dam Layton Barb Mare.
For Lexington's pedigree and performances, see memoir, page 303.
Magnolia, the dam of Kentucky, a chesnut filly, bred by James R. Jackson, Florence, Ala., in 1841, by Imp. Glencoe. She was presented to Hon. Henry Clay, by Dr. W. IST. Mercer, in 1845. Like Nebula, Magnolia never appeared in public.
magi\olia's peoduce.
1847— b. f. Magic, by imported Yorlishire.
1848— missed to Boston.
1849— ch. f. Madeline, by Boston.
1850 — b. f. Madonna, by imported Yorkshire.
1851— cb. c. Charley Ball, by Wagner.
1852 — ch. c. Princeton, by imported Yorkshire.
1853 — ^missed to imported Yorkshire.
1854 — br. c. Charley Morgan, by imported Yorkshire.
1855 — b. c. Hanover, by imported Yorkshire.
1856— br. c. Daniel Boone, by Lexington.
1857— missed to Wagner.
1858— b. c. Simon Kenton, by imported Yorkshire.
1859— b. c, by Wagner (died a foal).
1860— ch. f. Skedaddle, by imported Yorkshire.
1861— b. c. Kentucky, by Lexington.
1863— b. c. Gilroy, by Lexington.
1863— missed.
1864— ch. c. Victory, by Uncle Vic.
KENTUCKY.
375
She died in 1864 after foaling Yictory, who was reared by Land.
For performances of Imp. Glencoe, see Asteroid's memoir.
DESCEIPTION OF KENTUCKY.
Kentucky is a rich bay, bred by John M. Clay, Esq., Ash- land, near Lexington, Ky., foaled in 1861, now the property of Angust Belmont, Esq. He stands over fifteen and a half hands high, with a blaze in the face running down to the nostrils. The off fore-foot is white half way to the knee, with some little white on near fore-foot, before and behind. He has a beautiful and expressive head, rather short strong neck, running into superb sloping shoulders ; an immense girth ; a short back and tre- mendous quarters and stifles; good fore-legs, clean hocks, and sound feet and legs. His action is truly beautiful and magnifi- cent ; nothing could exceed his easy and graceful stride.
KENTUCKY'S PEEFOKMANCES.
Paterson, N. J., Oct. Cth, 1863— Sweepstakes for two-year-olds; §100 entrance, $50 forfeit;
one mile (9 subscribers). Value of stake $900. J. M. Clay's b. c. Kentucky, by Lexington, clam Magnolia by Imp. Glencoe ... 1
J. Ackermau's cli. c. Eagle, by Vandal, dam by Imp. Sovereign 2
J. S. Watson's b. f. Minnie Minor, by Lexington, dam Julia by Imp. Glencoe ... 3
1:492. Won easy by three lengths.
Paterson, N. J., June 7th, 18(54— The Jersey Derby sweepstakes, $1000 for three-year-olds; $50 entrance, p. or p. ; one and a half miles.
R. A. Alexander's b. c. Norfolk, by Lexington, out of Novice 1
Z. Ward's b. c. Tipperary, by Ringgold, dam Roxana, by Imp. Chesterfield ... 2
P. C. Ackerman's ch. c. Eagle, pedigree above 3
J. Hunter's b. c. Kentucky , ■*
Twelve started.
Time 2:40i.
Paterson, N. J., June 9th, 1864— The Sequel Stakes for three-year olds, $100 each, half forfeit, and $300 added. Dash of two miles. Value of stake $1200 (15 subscribers).
John Uunter's b. c. Kentucky, 3 years old 1
F. Morris' b. f. by Imp. Eclipse, dam Esta, by Bolivar 2
J. S. Watson's ch. f. Relief, by Ringgold, dam Rescue, by Berthuue 3
Won by three lengths, track deep in mud.
Time 4:02^.
Saratoga Springs, Aug. 2d, 18&4— The Travers Stake for three-year-olds, $50 each, play or pay, and $1000 added ; a mile and three-quarters. Colts 100 lbs., fillies 97 lbs. (30 subscribers). Value of-stake $2,500.
J. Hunter's b. c. Kentucky 1
Z. Ward's b. c. Tipperary 2
F. Morris' gr. c. by Imp. Eclipse, dam by Imp. Glencoe 3
376 THE noKSE.
J. S. Watson's br. f. Patte, by Imp. Eclipse, out of Pasta 4
J. A. Gunstead's ch. c. Ringmaster, by Kinggold, out of Minnie Mansfield ... 5 Won in a canter by tliree lengths.
Time 3:18J.
Saratoga Springs, Aug. 5th, 1864— Sweepstakes for three-year-olds, glCO each, half forfeit, $500 added. Dash of two miles. The winner of the Travers Stakes 5 lbs. extra. (21 eub, scribers). Value of stake $1750.
J. Hunter's b. c. Kentucky, 105 lbs,, including 5 lbs. extra 1
Z. Ward's b. c. Tipperary 100 lbs 2
W. F. Harper's b. c. Orion, by Revenue, out of Mirth 3
F. Morris' gr. c, pedigree above 4
Won by three lengths.
Time 4:11J.
Paterson, N. J., Sept. 13th, 1864— The Jersey St. Leger— A sweepstakes for three-year-clds, $50 each, play or pay ; $1000 added ; two miles and a quarter ; colts 100 lbs., fillies 97 lbs. (27 subscribers). Value of stake $2350.
J. Hunter's b. c. Kentucky 1
Mr. Read's ch. c. by Lexington, out of Lightsome 2
Mr. Morris' b. f. by Imp. Eclipse, out of Esta by Bolivar 3
Mr. Gimstead's ch. c. by Mahomet, out of Prunella 4
Dr. Weldon's b. f. Charlotte F., by Imp. Scythian 5
Won by a length and a half.
Time 4:24J.
Paterson, N. J., Sept. 15th, 1864- The Sequel Stakes of $50 each, and $300 added, for three- year-olds. Two mile dash. The winner of the Derby, Travers Stakes or St. Leger to carry seven pounds extra (13 subscribers). Value of stake $950.
J. Hunter's b. c. Kentucky, 107 lbs., including 7 lbs. extra 1
Mr. Reed's ch. c. by Lexington, out of Lightsome, 103 lbs., 3 lbs. extra .... 2
Mr. Wheatleys' b. f. by Imp. Knight of St. George, out of Levity 3
Won easily.
Time 3:50.
Paterson, N. J., Sept. 17th, 1864— A Match for $5000, with $730 added by the Association ; two
mile heats. J. Hunter's b. c. Kentucky, three-year-old, 90 lbs., George Carson .... 1 1
J. S. Watson's ch. g. Aldebaran, four-year-old, by Commodore, dam Nannie Lewis,
by Imp. Glencoe, 104 lbs. — W. Bourgoyne 2 2
TIME.
First heat 1:53 1:49
Second heat 1:49 1:51J
3:47 3:40i
First Heat. — Kentucky had tlie inside and made running, but at a slow pace. It had been thought Aldebaran would have forced the pace, but he was stiit' and a little lame in the near hind leg. The first mile was run in 1:58, the bay horse a length ahead all the way. As they came by the stand they were only on a strong gallop, and going round the turn they came to an easy canter. Both seemed to have waiting orders. Just before they reached the quarter, Aldebaran being now at Kentucky's
-.ar^-,.-v.j..;v ■
376
THE nOKSE.
J. S. Watson's br. f. Patte, by Imp. Eclipse, out of Pasta J. A. Gunstead's ch. c. ■Rino-moof--- i — ^'-
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_ |
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■JB^ |
•■ .\hso:.'i;:tiOn ; ('.vn 1 ; xiic near |
KENTUCKY. 377
girtlis they set tlieir liorses going in earnest. At the half-niilo pole they were nose and tail, Kentucky in the lead. On the turn Billy Burgoyne made a tine rush, and there was little more than the difference of a head between them. Some cried out that Aldebaran was first, but Kentucky was never headed. The effort up the stretch was good, but the young one had the best of it all the way, and won by a length. Billy punished Alde- baran with vigor, but he could not collar Kentucky. The last mile was run in 1:49, and the last three quarters must have been hot. The heat 3:47.
Second Heat. — 100 to 30 on the three-year-old and few takers. Kentucky took the lead and Aldebaran kept him busy. The first mile was run in 1:49, and Aldebaran's nose w^as at Kentucky's girths. As soon as they were over the score Billy made a rush for the lead and pole, but Carson Avas on the alert, and, in a spirited brush, Kentucky had clearly the best of it. Alonp- the backstretch Aldebaran was at Kentucky's hip, and on the turn got to his shoulder. But the young one was full of running and won it handily in 3:401. This was a very fine heat. The track was heavy in many places, though getting better every minute under the warm sun.
In the last struggle up the stretch Aldebaran swerved wide towards the outside when he felt the whip lapping round him. while Kentucky came away and won it at last Avith his ea,rs pricked. It is our impression that he v/as never at his best ex- cept a few strides at a time. Aldebaran would get to him and tackle him resolutely, but the big horse alwaj-s seemed able to get away from him without much trouble. — Spirit of the Times, Sept. 24th, 18G4.
Paterson, N. J., June Gtli, 1865— Purse $600, for all ages, two mile heats.
J. Hunter's b. c. Kentucky, 4-year8-oId, 104 lbs. 11
J. S. Watson's b. h. Capt. Moore, 5-years-old, by Imp. Ealrownie, dam Jennie Eose, by
Imp. Glencoe o g
The first heat won by three lengths, the second heat by a neck.
Time, 3:C1— 4:02-^
Paterson, N. .]., June 9th, 18G3— Purse $1000, for all ages ; three mUe heats.
J. Hunters b. c. Kentucky, 4-years-old, 104 lbs 11
P. C. Bush's ch. h. Fleetwing, 5-years-old, by Imp. Balrovvnie, dam Ehoda, by Imp.
Glencoe, 104 lbs 33
J. S. Watson's ch. h. Aldebaran, 5-years-old, by Commodore, dam Nannie Lewis, by
Imp. Glencoe, 114 lbs 2di8..
378
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THE nORSE. |
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TIME. |
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Mrst heat. |
Second heat. |
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First mile |
2:08 |
1:43 |
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Second mile . |
2:01 |
1:51-J |
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Third mile |
1:50 |
1:54J- |
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5:59 |
5:34 |
We take a description of tlie race from tlie " Spirit of tlie Times," June ITth, 18G5:
Tlie tliircl race was for a purse of 81000, tliree-iinle heats. Three Avere entered, Kentucky, Fleetwing and Aldebaran ; and 100 to 80 was hiid on Mr. Travers' colt against the other two. Before the start, the odds on him had grown larger, and two to one was laid. His well-known superiority and the advantage a four-year-old has over all other ages in the weight, justified the confidence of his backers. "\Ve once made an effort to correct the scale in this regard, but Mr. Watson and Colonel Bush, owners of Captain Moore, Aldebaran and Fleetwing, who were then four years old, cried out lustily against the proposed innova- tion. "Yery well, gentlemen," said we, "your colts will be five, six, and aged, before they are four again, and then you will find out how a good four-year-old, with only 104 lbs. up, can run away from you ! "
First Heat. — Kentucky took the lead at a slow pace, and neither of the others forcing it, the first mile was 2:08, and the second 2:01. On the third mile Aldebaran made a little efiort against Kentucky on the backstretch, but never got to his girths. On the lower turn both the five-year-olds tried to get the lead, but Kentucky easily stalled them off and won by three lengths, without having been well extended, in 5:59.
Second Heat. — Four to one on Kentucky. He went away and took a lead of a length round the turn, Aldebaran forcing the pace. On the backstretch it was hot, but the bay held the chestnut a length off all the way. They kept it up round the turn and up the stretch to the stand, where Kentucky was a length and a half ahead in 1:48, Fleetwing two lengths from Aldebaran. At the half-mile pole Fleetwing went up to the side of Aldebaran ; but Kentucky never permitted them to get as near to his head as they were to his tail. The second mile vras run in 1:51 1, and Kentucky had two lengths the best of it at the
KENTUCKY. 379
post. Aldebaran had now had ahuost enough of it, but the thoroughly game son of Bah'ownie, Fleetwiug, fought the battle out to the last stride. Time after time he made desperate struggles to collar the spanking bay colt, but all Abe's skill and Fleetwing's bottom were unequal to the achievement. The third mile was 1:54, and Kentucky won easily by three lengths in 5:34. It has been said that this is the best time ever made in the JS^orth, but that is a mistake. The JN^orth, in a racing point of view, is wherever the northern rule of dating age from January 1st, in contradistinction to the Southern rule of dating it from May 1st, prevails. Kentucky follows the northern rule, and therefore belongs to the l^orthern system. 'Now, at Woodlawn, MolKe Jackson won the third heat of a three-mile race, beatina; Sherrod and Colton, in 5:2Sf . To say that this three miles by Kentucky is the best ever made at the North will lead people to conclude that none ever beat it except such as had the advantage in regard to age, which gave them a year in weight any time before the 1st of May. The fact is otherwise : MoUie Jackson, at Woodlawn, beat it five seconds and a quarter.
On the 8th of July, 18G5, Mr. Hunter issued his challenge for $25,000 a side, at two or three mile heats, which will be found under Asteroid's memoir.
Saiatoga Springs, Aug. 8th, 18C5— The Saratoga Cup for §1000 for all ages ; added to a sweep- stakes of $50 play or pay; dash of two and one quartet- miles (18 subscribers). Value of etake $1900.
J. Hunter's b. c. Kentucky, 4-years-old 1
J. S. Watson's b. h. Capt. Moore, 5-years-old 2
Ward and McGrath's ch. h. Ehinodyne, 6-years-old, by Wagner, dam Ann Watson, by
Imp. Glencoe 3
Time, 4:01>.
We take the subjoined notice of the race from the " Turf, Field and Farm" of the 12th of August, 18G5 :
The day was one of the most beautiful and delightful of the season, the course in fine condition ; the attendance much larger and more fashionable than on the first day. The ladies (God bless them) the life and soul of all genuine and gentlemanly amusements, turned out in strong force. We would suggest the propriety of getting up a matrimonial stake for the next year,
380 THE HORSE.
and each succeeding one, in which onl}^ young men, bachelors and widowers should be allowed to enter horses. The winner to be allowed to select a young lady or matron from the numerous candidates in attendance, who should marry him at once : we are confident, no race would afford finer sport, and certainly none would bring to the post a larger field of horses. The bet- ting on the cup race was quite spirited, until it w%ns rumored that Beacon would not start. Kentucky was decidedly the favorite, selling in the pools at $700 to $400 against the balance, and before the start bets were made at 3 and 4 to 1 against the field, with but few takers. Much to the disappointment of the crowd, at the call for the horses, only three appeared, Kentucky, Capt. Moore, and Rhino dyne. They were paraded in front of the stand and taken to the head of the front stretch for the start. At the signal, Kentucky had a slight lead, with Rhinodyne in the second position. The pace was tremendous ; the first quarter was passed with Kentucky leading by half a length in 26 sec- onds, Rhinodyne second, Capt. Moore about three lengths in the rear. On they rush, with the speed of quarter horses, Kentucky rather increasing his advantage down the back stretch. Around the turn Capt. Moore made play and passed Ehinodyne, who faltered as though his leg had given away, which we are sorry to say was too true. They passed the stand at the end of the first mile and a quarter with Kentucky leading by a length, Capt. Moore second ; Billy Burgoyne on Moore took a strong- pull on his horse around the turn, and down the back stretch, made a most gallant but ineffectual struggle to reach the non- pareil under Gil. Around the turn they dash, at a flight of speed but seldom if ever equaled. Burgoyne on Moore struggled man- fully to the end, Kentucky winning with something to spare, by a scant length, the last two miles being run in 3:35 1, the best time on record in this country, with weight for age. To say that any horse is the equal, much less the superior of Kentucky, would be hazarding an assertion which the record Avill not sub- stantiate. "We congratulate the owners of Kentucky not only in possessing the best bred, but one of the best, if not the very best race-horse upon the turf. It will be seen that the 9 quarters in tlie 2| miles were run at the rate of 26| seconds to the quarter.
KENTUCKY. 381
Saratoga Springs, Aug. 12th, 18S5— Purse $1000, for all ages ; dash of four miles. J. Hunter's b. c. Kentucliy, 4-y ears-old— walked over.
Paterson, N. J., Oct. 10th, 1805— Premium $500, for all ages, two mile heats.
J. Hunter's b. c. Kentucky, 4-years-old 11
F. Morris' b. c. Lord Monmouth, 4-ycars-old 2 3
D. McDaniel's b. h. Oakland, 5-years-old, by Revenue, dam by Imp. Margrave . . 3 3 Won easy.
Time 3:56i-3:45.
Same Meeting, Oct. 11th, 18C5— Premium $400, for all ages, three miles. J. Hunter's b. c. Kentucky, 4-years-old — walked over.
Same Meeting, Oct. 12th, 1805— Premium $700, for all ages, three mile heats.
J. Hunter's b. c. Kentucky, 4-years-old i 1
P. C. Bush's ch. h. Fleetwing, 5-years-old 2 dr.
Won in a canter. Fleetwing was lame from quarter cracks in both fore-feet, and by consent of the judges was withdrawn.
Time 5:39i.
Paterson, N. J., June 5th, 18G6— Premium $600, for all ages, two mile heats.
J. Hunter's b. c. Kentucky, 5-years-old 11
J. S. Watson's b. c. Julius, 4-years-old, by Lexington, out of Julia .... 2 2 Bowie & HaU's b. h. Baltimore, 5-years-old, by Revenue, dam Maroon, by Imp.
Glencoe odis.
R. A. Alexander's b. c. Norwich, 4-years-old, by Lexington, out of Novice, by Imp.
Glencoo , 4di8,
Won witli ease.
Time 3:58-1—3:56.
Same Meeting, June 6th, 1866— Premium $500, for all ages, three mile dash.
J. Hunter's b. h. Kentucky, 5-years-old 1
M. II. Sanford's b. m. Nannie Butler, 5-years-oId, by Lexington, out of Tokay, by Imp.
Yorkshire 2
E. V. Snedikcr's b. f. Lady Dan Bryant, 4-years-old, by Lexington, dam Fanny G., by
Imp. Margrave ... . . . . 3
Won in a canter.
Tkne 6:04i.
Same Meeting, June 7th, 1868— Premium $1000, for all ages, three mile heats.
J. Hunter's b. h. Kentucky, 5-years-old 11
Bowie & Hall's gr. c. Richmond, 4-years-old, by Two Bits, dam Faith, by Childe Harold 2 2 Won easily.
Time 5:54^-6: 19.}.
Saratoga Springs, July 23th, 1866— Saratoga Cup of $1000 added to a sweepstakes of $50 each,
play or pay, two miles and a quarter (20 subscribers). Value of stake $2300.
J. Hunter's b. h. Kentucky, 5-years-old, 114 lbs. ... .... 1
T. G. Moore's b. h. Bea(ipn, 5-years-old, 114 lbs 2
T. Buford's b. c. Delaware, 4-years-old, 104 lbs 3
Dr. Weldon's b. h.Leatherlungs, 6-years-old, 1211bs 4
Time 4:01.
We take the annexed description of the race from the " Turf, Field, and Farm":
The Saratoga Cnp, two and a quarter miles, for all ages. Out of twenty-six nominations, only four started ; Kentucky,
882 THE HORSE.
114 lbs., Littlefield ; Beacon, 114 lbs.. Ford ; Delaware, 104 lbs., Garret; and Leatlierlungs, 121 lbs., Koach. Although the track had dried out somewhat, it was still a couple of seconds slower than last year. Kentucky was backed at 10 to 4 in the pools aejainst Beacon ; 10 to 2 against Delaware, with Leatlierlungs thrown in for a fraction. In the start, at the three quarter pole, Kentucky took the lead, and passed the stand a length in front of Delaware, wdio had Beacon at his Cjuarters, and Lungs as close to Beacon. Delaware was lapped in the turn with Beacon, Ken- tucky a couple of lengths in advance — Leatherlungs falling tjff, and only appearing again at the finish of the race. On the back stretch a blanket might have covered the three ; but at the half mile and round the turn there was only a length between each, and after a close race up the stretch Kentucky passed the stand, with Beacon's head at his quarter, and Delaware lapped on Beacon. A length was between each round the turn ; but on the back stretch Delaware quit, leaving a pretty race to Kentucky and Beacon round the turn, the latter being at Kentucky's saddle girths till they approached the last quarter, when he drew in front at every jump, and won in a gallop by half a dozen lengths, under a pull up the home stretch, all coming home as they were placed at starting; the time at every quarter mile being as follows: — 0:26|; 0:481; 1:211; 1:50; 2:15; 2:42; 3:09; 3:37; 4:04.
Considering the condition of the track, and that the pace was not forced, this race was faster than his race last year with Capt, Moore and Khinodyne, when he beat the Captain after a shar]> race, from first to last, in 4:01|^.
Saratoga Springs, Jiily 38th, 1866— Premium $1000, for all ages ; dash of four mOes.
J. Hunter's b. h. Kentucky, 5-years-old 1
J. S. Watson's b. c. Julius, 4-years-old 2
Dr. Weldon's b. h. Leatherlungs, 6-years-old 8
The entries were Dr. Weldon's Leatherlungs, ridden by Roach ; Col. McDaniel's Julius, Alphus, and Mr. Hunter's Ken- tucky, by Littlefield ; IGO to 25 on Kentucky. Leatherlungs took up the running, and led for the first mile and three-quarters, when Kentucky, who had been laying back under a pull, was let out and went to the front ; Julius, who had been close up, taking Leatherlung's place, and making a fine brusli up the homestretch and entering the third mile head and head with Kentucky,
KEIS^TUCKY. 383
Leatherlungs a lengtli behind and falling ofi' rapidly from this point and hardly noticed for the balance of the race. The third mile was run very prettily, and was close enough to give the greatest satisfaction to the spectators ; Julius' running lapped on Kentucky past the half-mile pole, who then gave a taste of what was in reserve by showing daylight and drawing out a length in front of Julius, the latter sticking like beeswax and passing into the last mile with his nose at Kentucky's shoulder, Julius apparently under a pull, while Kentucky was going as easy as might be. The mile was done in 1:50|.
The last mile was done in 1:55^, Kentucky keeping the lead for the balance of the race in a galloj), and winning easily.
Time of first mile, 1:52'|; second mile, 1:53.V; third mile, 1:50|; fourth mile, 1:55|; total, 7:31-^-. — Tiuf\ Fields and Farm, Aug. 4th, 1860.
Kentucky's next appearance in public was for the Inau- guration Stake four miles at Jerome Park. We take the de- scription of the race from the " Turf, Field, and Farm," Oct. 6th, 1806:
THE NEW YORK KACES.
Inauguration Meetinrj of the American Jockey Club.
Here we raise Horses, tliat in speed outstrip
The winds ; go seek the Plain which the Devil's Ditch
Divides ; a field with slender verdure green.
Behold the signal given ! Forth from the goal
Starts the resounding Horse, and on his back
Firm sits, Light Load, the Jockey, jerkened neat.
See, he devoui's the plain, the verdures top
Scarce touches, swift as hawk or swallow flies ;
That, when approaching nearer to the end
Of the long course, then headlong he may seem
To rush ; and gain new vigor as he goes !
Then, neither lungs, nor any nerve, he spares !
His belly now appears to touch the ground,
And now he seems fleet as the wind to glide.
Blood, mixed with sweat, flows quick adown his side ;
His lips are wet with foam, with open throat
He drinks the wind : and from his nostrils wide
Issue, with sobs and pantings, curling smoke,
While through his body every vein distends.
384 THE H0K5E.
Quicker and quicker now liis lij^lit hoof strikes The glebe, and now with hjve oi' nearer palm Of victory he glows ; while passing by His several rivals, how his heart exults! Resounds with shouts of men, the smack of whips : The goal the conqueror v/ins, but hy a neck, And quick he bears away the Royal Plate.
{Translated from the Latin — "Prac Treatise on Horses")
The greatest event in the history of the turf of America transpired last week, and it is with feelings of pleasure we in- form our numerous readers, that the success and eclat attending this grand undertaking were such as to guarantee the permanent establishment of an institution incomparably the most manly and nolile of any class of amusement in the world. The forming and carrying out of so gigantic and arduous an enterprise is a feat of which the projector may well be proud, and, on the other hand, the country and community cannot suSciently reward the energetic and liberal gentlemen who, at their own risk and pos- sible chance of failure, invested immense sums for the patriotic and praisevTOrthy desire of presenting to our metropolis a race- course second to none in the world. As far back as the earliest ages, horse-racing has occupied an important place ; it has been popular in all countries that have obtained prominence and power. Greece in her palmy days supported and encouraged the Olympic games with splendor and magnificence, of which we have no parallel in modern times. Rome did the same, crowning with laurels the successful riders, and appropriating a fund for the maintenance of the victorious steeds. To come nearer to present times, Constantino the Great followed the same politic and useful example, under his auspices establishing the circus, Avhere the races were held at Constantinople, on a scale of magnificence of which the gigantic ruins of the Hippo- drome furnish an illustrious proof. In Britain, as far back as the reign of the Anglo-Saxon monarch Athelstan, racing flourished, and from that date has increased in popularity and favor to such an extent, that there is scarcely a city or town of any importance in that powerful and wealthy country that is minus a race-course. In fact. Englishmen glory in this sport, and many of her most enlightened and distinguished statesmen
KENTUCKY.
385
and scholars, have attributed no small portion of tlieir country's prosperity to this time-honored and classic sport. As far as can be perfectly known, all courses were public institutions, sup- ported by the purse of the nation, and success to a certain degree in consequence guaranteed. But here at Jerome Park, we have a few private individuals who manfully come to the front, and with princely liberality expend enormous sums for the benefit of their fellow-countrymen, and to establish an institution that will be a perpetual benefit, and place of amusement to future generations. The nation may well be proud of such children, and may this example of patriotism live green in the minds of all, causing us never to forget the debt of gratitude which we owe to the projectors of the race-course of the American Jockey Club.
At an early hour on Tuesday morning it was evident that an event of no usual import was about to take place. Towards the hour of ten, in the upper and fashionable portion of town, fashionably gaitered, booted and well-dressed grooms began to make their appearance, bustling about, full of duty and im- portance. The streets grew more lively as time advanced, not so much by those who were going to the races as persons desirous of seeing the numerous well-appointed " turn-outs.*" Indiffer- ently dressed laborers, with a smile on their faces and a joke on their tongues ; young men of fortune, hlase with early dissipation ; domestics loitering on their errands ; unwashed, uncombed youths, with nothing to do, but on the qui vive for chances ; foreign ladies' maids, brilliant in bright ribbons and natty attire, pert in their manner and piq^iante to look at, interspersed with not a small sprinkling of Savoyards, following organ-grinding and monkey-teaching for a living — all were to be seen. In fact, the city was in for a holiday, and few would brook refusal to having some share in the anticipated pleasure. Eailroad depots, steamboat buildings, and horse-cars were all besieged. Crowds of well-dressed, happy persons, both male and female, were to be met in all our principal thoroughfares, aU hurrying with one intent — to catch the best mode of conveyance for the new scene of pleasure. Paier famlllas, v;ii\\\\h buxom better half and numerous young shoots, pompously resplendent in family dignity ; clerks and merchants good-naturedly jostled one another at the Vol. I.— 25
386 THE HORSE.
popular resorts down town, their countenances denoting antici- pated pleasure ; servant maids and mistresses decked in all their best finery, and magnificent in hoops and waterfalls, daintily thread their way through the crowded streets to join their respective friends and acquaintances. Conveyances of every description, from the perfect turn-out of the wealthy and opulent to the Laker and butchers' carts, rattled at slashing pace over the rough causeway. Equestrians of every class and nationality hurry on, many looking as if they were far from comfortable, and not quite as much at home in the saddle as they had antici- pated, and evidently fearing a come-down in the world, or loss of leather. It has often struck me what an extraordinary desire many persons have to exhibit themselves as equestrians on the occasion of a race-meeting, and, in the majority of instances, those who are possessed with this amiable ambition are as unfit as it would be possible to select. The tailor, Dutch grocer, and not unfrequently the sailor on shore, after a lengthened cruise, deem outside a horse the only correct mode of attending an equine contest. They may never have had their leg over a saddle before, but the moment they become possessed of a desire to make a visit to a race-meeting, no other mode of progression will suit ; and what figures do they cut — certainly as much the reverse of grace as it is possible to conceive -^knees up to their chins, stirrups of different lengths, back liumped like the unfortunate camel, who is reported to have got his up, and never succeeded in getting it down ; or, on the other hand, they ape the mode viilitaire — toes just touching the stirrups, which are sufliciently long to use for a wagon trace — body and limbs as straight as a lath, and as uncomfortable in position as it is possible to place them ; bridle-hand up to their mouth, with elbows square, as if they were about to burst a hedge and save their physiognomy from the rasping briars. And then what accoutrements ! Foi antiquity, size and shape, they might well have done good ser- vice at the field of Culloden. But we must not neglect the saddle-cloth, gorgeous in coloring, gigantic in size, and invariably put on awry, fluttering in the breeze behind, like a banner of the Crusaders. And then the pace— short, spasmodic canters or irregular curveting — for such men are far above riding in an ordinary every-day trot, and besides, it would not attract so
KENTUCKY. 387
mueli attention or look so warlike. Perhaps tke heiglit of their ambition may be to be thought in some indirect manner con- nected either with the jockeys or the approaching excitement, or better still, possibly, an owner of one or more of the flyers. On Fourth avenue, at the termination of the Harlem Kailroad, the crowd was immense, car after car requiring to be added, to ac- commodate the flood, of mortality, and. although the company ran numerous additional trains, the same scene was enacted at the starting of each, and even then not half could obtain seats, the centre passage being choked with hundreds who were satis- fied to stand in preference to waiting till a later hour. From the terminus to the track an uninterrupted string of eager per- sons crowded the way, all intent on the expected races, eagerly canvassing the merits of each entry, praising or disparaging the chances of success, and universally agi-eeing that Asteroid's ac- cident amounted almost to a national calamity. Venders of lager- bier and speculative knowing ones had not forgotten the chances of a profitable harvest, and saloons and shanties of every size and form were erected on every eligible site, displaying tempting refreshment to the thirsty and hungry souls. The grounds in and around the course resembled an immense camp — carriages, buggies, horses and pedestrians mingled in an inextiicable jam, laughing, talking, eating and joking.
All around is gaj — men, horses, dogs, And each smiling countenance appears Fresh, blooming health and universal joy.
So much happiness is seldom seen, and the brightness of the day is almost exceeded by the brilliancy and happy countenances of the pleasure seekers. Universal conviviality all appear intent on, striving for the great desideratum of an eligible site from which they may obtain the best and least interrupted view of tlie pending struggles. An estimate of the number of spectators present would be difficult to form, but it doubtless could not be under twenty thousand. The grand stand is one sea of heads rising in tiers, one over the other, to its furthest walls. The space between here and tlie quarter stretch is not one whit less favored — thousands stand and lounge about, joking, betting, and prophesying. The pool-sellers' corner has immense attractions, and his voice can scarce be heard over the hum and bustle of in-
388 THE HORSE.
numerable anxious speculators, desirous of hedging or making more money on the performances of some outsider rapidly rising in public favor. The bustle does not here cease. The turf in the inclosure, the Club House hill opposite, and even the stables have their attractions, and gaping multitudes wander around, surprised and delighted with the good taste and perfect arrange- ments to be found on every side. The Jockey Club have evidently chosen a person not only of great experience in racing matters, but one of consummate taste and knowledge of the picturesque, to whom they entrusted the construction of these delightful grounds, and well has the work been performed, for it would be impossible to get greater distance and fairer turns-out of so con- tracted a space.
The grand stand and various edifices are models of neatness and taste, all harmonizing and corresponding in style of architec- ture with each other. The numerous fences have all undergone abimdant coats of paint, and would rival the driven snow in purity of color, contrasting with the emerald shade of the grass and the sombre hues of the forest trees forming the background. Here every class of persons are to be lound, men from every walk in life and every portion of the country, with no small sprinkling of foreigners, easily recognized by their difference in costume, and tlieir energetic and violent conversation, their pantomime being frequently equal to and as forcible as witnessed on the stage. The fair sex were not behind in number, rivaling the rainbow with their numerous dresses, magnificent in all the enormities of modern fashions, laughing, jesting, flirting ; the apparent emblems of unlimited happiness and pleasure, may a cloud never darken the horizon of their life. Talking about the fair sex ; never in the wliole course of a long life, spent in dif- ferent portions of the globe, has it been my lot to see so many beautiful faces and graceful forms, assembled together at one place ; moreover, I will uphold for the ladies of America that they dress and shoe themselves better than their European sisters, going neither to the extremes of frivolity of Frencli fashion or the gauchiness of the blonde daughters of Albion. In addition to the numerous attractions offered, a magnificent brass band was on the ground, which rendered the programme doubly enjoyable by the ever welcome addition of a well-selected choice
KENTUCKY. 389
of tlie best musical compositions. Tlie appointed time for the track to be cleared has at length arrived, and a few taps on a drum inform the restless swa3ing mass that the ground must be cleared ; further warning is unnecessary, and all with simultaneous accord leave the temporarily forbidden space, and seek the most availing and unoccupied places, from whence they can obtain the best view of the coming contest. Diminutive specimens of humanity aiow show to the front brilliant in the various bright colors of the respective stables for whom they are about to ride. A marked improvement from previous similar assemblies is ob- vious in the neatness and cleanliness of their costumes, and long may the' jockey take as much pride and pleasure in his well- fitting inexpressibles, variegated jacket and unexceptional top- boots, as the trainer does in the silky coat, and perfect condition of his high-spirited graceful charges. The bustle and confusion of going to scales soon passed, and the aspirants for racing honors are now led up to undergo the operation of saddling, and perhaps receive a preliminary canter to clear their breathing apparatus.
Second Race. — " The Inauguration Race ; " 4 mile heats, for all ages ; 3 year olds to carry 90 lb., 4 year olds 104 lbs., 5 year olds and upwards 114 lb., 3 lb. allowed to mares and geldings. Closed with 29 entries.
1. John Hunter entered Travers and Osgood's b. h. Kentucky, by Lexington out of Magnolia,
5 yrs. Orange and Crimson Hoop.
2. Entered Travers and Osgood's b. h. Areola, by Lexington out of Topaz, 5 yrs.
3. D. McCoun entered Mr. Sanford's g. h. Loadstone, by Lexington out of Blue Bonnet, 5 yrs.
4. EuteredMr. Sanford's b. ra. Nannie Butler, by Lexington out of Toliay, 5 yrs.
5. J. S. Watson entered b. ra. Capt. Moore, by imp. Bulrownic out of Jennie Rose, G yrs. C. Entered b. h. Julius, by Lexington out of Julia, 4 yrs. Red and Blue and Red Hoop.
7. Thomas Pui-year entered b. m. Millcreeli, by imp. Sovereign out of Millwood, 7 yrs.
8. P. C. Bush entered Forbes and Jerome's ch. h. Fleetwing, by Balrownie out of Rhoda, 5
yrs. Blue and Yellow.
9. Entered Forbes and Jerome's Gilda, by Mango out of Juliette, 4 yrs.
13. D. McDaniel entered b. m. Lady Blcssington, Ijy imp. Eclipse out of Philo, 5 yrs. 11. Entered b. h. Oalsland, by Revenue out of mare by imp. Margrave, 0 yrs. 13. Entered b. c. Ripley, by Jeff Davis out of Nina (the dam of Planet), 3 yrs.
13. Andrew Robeson entered br. h. Climax, by Balrownie out of Jewel, 7 yrs.
14. D. Reedy entered g. h. Tlumdcr, by Lexington out of Blue Bonnet, G yrs.
15. R. A. Alexander entered b. c. Asteroid, l)y Lexington out of Nebula, 5 yrs. 13. Entered b. c. Norwich, by Lexington out of Novice, 3 yrs.
17. Entered b. m. Idlewild, by Lexington out of mare by Glcncoe, 9 yrs. Blue and White
Hoop. 13. Entered b. c. Bay Dick, by Lexington out of Alabama, 0 yrs. 1'). J. R. Butler entered b. c. Liverston, by Lexington out of Utilla, 3 yrs. 29. Bowie and Hall entered ch. h. Eugene, by Revenue out of Fanny Fern, 9 yrs. 21. Entered ch. c. Baltimore, by Revenue out of Maroon, 4 yrs.
2-2, Thomas Buford entered Onward, by Ringcjold out of My Lady, 4 yrs. Orange and White. 23. Entered Delaware, by Ringgold out of Ariel, 4 yrs.
21. J. W. Weldon entered br. li. Leatherlungs, by Lexington out of Gossamer, G yrs. 25. A. Keene Richards entered ch. h. by Lexington out of Reel, G jrrs.
390 THE HOESE.
26. Entered b. m. Saratoga, by imp. Knight of St. George out of sister to Pryor.
27. A. J. Armstrong entered g. h. Charlie Armstrong, by Lexington out of mare by Grey
Eagle.
28. H. P. McGraths entered b. h. Beacon, by Lexington, dam Bay Leaf, Syrs.
29. J. W. Weldon entered eh. c. by imp. Fazzolette, Jr., dam Waswing, 3 yrs.
This was tlie great event of the day, and it is very improb- able that since the days of the Dutchman and Yoltigeur match, has any equine contest created so great an amount of excitement. Thousands of people had come thousands of miles to witness the performances of the acknowledged two best horses of their day, both children of the redoubtable Lexington, and who have for some time stood on the apex of fame in their respective regions. Kentucky, in his youth, was brought from his native State, whose name he bears, being purchased by an eastern stable ; since his debut on the turf he has but once been beaten, and that when in his three year old shape, ISTorfolk, another of the Lexingtons, being the victor. Many contend that Kentucky was off; but whether or not, it can scarcely be deemed a disgrace to succumb to an antagonist whom many suppose equal to any race- horse in the world, Kentucky is undoubtedly one of the hand- somest animals the eye ever rested on — showy, graceful and springy in action, of excellent temper, beautiful dark-brown color, with white stocking on the forefoot. As he passed the grand stand with Littlefield on his back, a more perfect picture for the sportsman's taste could scarcely be imagined — the animal curvetting full of life, health, and animal spirit, while the grace- ful seat of the rider, his hands low, foot well home and finished manner, showed how much he was au fait in the pig skin. A skillful jockey was judiciously selected to share the honors with this magnificent horse.
Idlewild, Mr. Alexander's entry, was much admired (alas ! that poor Asteroid should be confined to his stable from a serious and painful accident, instead of being present to gratify the long- desired gaze of the Eastern turfites ; but Vhomme propose mais Dleu dispose), many remembering her wonderful performances in days long since gone by. Although aged, it is easy to see that the courage and determination that formerly characterized her is not one whit tlie less. " Go in, old mare, and may fortune smile on you," was the exclamation of a gentleman stationed on my right, and many echoed this desire.
KENTtJCKY. 391
Onward and Fleetwing are botli splendid animals ; tlie former, from the splendid manner in which he handled Beacon in the first heat of the three mile race, is still green in the memories of many, and before the visit of Asteroid was announced as a cer- tainty, he stood second favorite, some asserting, and those per- sons not lacking experience, that if he will run honest, the favorite ^^'ill have all he can do to take the palm. In appearance Onward is a race-horse all over, perfect in shape and make, of a beautiful rich chestnut color, and, unless I be a false prophet, will yet prove himself one of the most dangerous horses in the land. The latter, Fleetwing, at Saratoga, Patei'son and Seacau- cus, has reaped honors, and, although mentioned last, is not one iota less to be feared. He comes of a family noted both for their speed and staying qualities, his sire, Balrownie, being one of the same family as the justly celebrated Blair Athol, winner of both Derby and St. Leger, besides numerous other important events. As each passed the grand stand, the condition of all looked perfect, unless Onward, who, I believe, appeared scarce as well as could be desired.
THE KACE.
First Heat. — With little trouble, these splendid animals were marshalled, and at the falling of the flag all went oft' with a rush, the mare leading. Favorite 2d, Onward and Fleetwing close up and together ; the old heroine, mindful, no doubt, of former victories, pulling hard' and showing unmistakable signs that she was determined to try the bottom and speed of her opponents. However, at the quarter mile post Kentucky had the front, Fleetwing and Onward second and third. At the half mile, Idlewild had j)assed through the ruck, and was making the pace terrific, both Kentucky and rider, who were next, undoubtedly getting many a mouthful of dirt. The pace now improved, and the gallant little one was getting more day- light between her and her pursuers. Eound the upper turn and down the home stretch the work was no less hot, all appearing to make an additional efibrt as they passed the grand stand, crowded with so many anxious faces and ardent admirers. On entering the second mile, the places were unchanged, although
392 THE irOESE.
the ruck had drawn a little on the veteran leader ; the turn passed and up the back stretch, Idle wild kept up unfaggingly the same terrific gait, appearing to outpace them all, and gallantly retaining the front, past the half and three-quarter poles, into the home stretch, passed the grand stand, completing the second mile. The third mile was done without change to the end of the upper turn, entering the home stretch, the mare still in front. Flesh, blood and age could scarcely stand such terrific efforts, and nature and condition, but not spirit, had to give place to youth and superior length of stride. Before coming to the distance pole, the favorite had taken the front, and Idlewild fell behind. From Kentucky's style, there was little doubt that all was now in his favor ; he led round the bottom of the course and along the back stretch, the two chestnuts laying close in attendance round the upper turn, Kentucky retaining the front, Onward and Fleetwing close beside him, and Idlewild some way astern. With redoubled efforts, all entered the home stretch, a renewed burst of speed being put on for the finish ; but it was aU useless, Kentucky had it his own way, and Little- field landed his nag a winner, Onward half a length behind, and Fleetwing in close attendance, the noble little mare distanced.
Second Heat. — The necessary time having elapsed, the horses came up to the post looking well. None showed any symptons of distress, after so terrific a contest, the distended nostrils and blazing eye denoting courage unflinching, and the determina- tion to do all that lay in their power, to justify their backers' good opinion. At the fall of the -flag off they went, Kentucky and Onward neck and neck, Fleetwing a little in rear, going round the bottom turn ; however, the favorite shook off the handsome chestnut and took the lead. The pace was not so good as it had been thus early in the first heat, but the second quarter was very sharp ; from the efforts made by Fleetwing find Onward, it was plain that their instructions were to give no rest to the bay, and he, without doubt, asked little considera- tion. Tlie first and second miles were completed without any change, except that Onward, on the back stretch, made a most determined effort for front place, but failed, although he got to the flank of Kentucky, so for the present had to remain satisfied with second honors. The third mile M'as now entered, and the
KENTUCKY. * 393
pace sharpened a bit up tlie back stretch, Onward again making an extra efibrt, but with no better result, want of success or dis- gust at the shower of dust his aristocratic face was receiving, or not forgetful of former roguery, lie here attempted to bolt, and in consequence, lost many lengths ; but the strong seat, deter- mined manner and judicious handling of the jockey crammed hinj again into his work, but from the loss of distance incurred by this misdeed, he had to be satisfied v/ith third place entering the home stretch. To all it Avas apparent that Kentucky, lack- ing accidents, must win, and as no such happened, he rattled up the home stretch and came in first, closely attended by Fleet- wing and Onward. The owners of the two last named can scarcely be dissatisfied or disappointed in their horses, for both made a noble struggle, and had but to succumb to one of the noblest animals that ever honored a gentleman's stables or ran on a race track. Summary : —
Kentucky 1 1
Fleetwiug 3 2
Onward 3 3
Idlewild Dis.
First Heat. — Time of first quarter mile, 2T^ seconds ; half mile, 54| seconds ; first mile, 1:51 ; two miles, 3:41 ; three miles, 5:35 ; four miles, 7:35.
Second Heat. — Time of first quarter mile, 30|- seconds; half mile, 54: secondij ; first mile, 1:59 ; two miles, 3:534 ; three miles, 5:47; four miLs, 7:41 1-.
Thus terminated one of the greatest races ever run, and on tlie result of vrhicli immense sums of money depended. Citi- zens representing every section of the country were present rich and poor, all desirous of seeing the performances of tht world-renowned son of old Lexington.
Between the heats, Mr. x\lexander permitted Asteroid to be brought out in front of the grand stand for the inspection of the masses, the animal's noble mien and handsome proportions elicit- ing unbounded admiration. If misfortune had not occurred, and he had come safely to the post, the result is more than doubtful, for a more magnificently built horse for speed and stoutness the sun never shone on. His toiit ensemhle may not be
394 ' THE HORSE.
as taking as liis brother's, but dissect liim as you will, there is no portion that connoisseurs in horse flesh would not pronounce perfect. Kentucky may well be considered the prettier of the two, but certainly not the better proportioned race-horse. A year ago, when a match was iirst proposed between these two flyers, meddlers and envious scribblers had the barefViced efiron- tery to say that the gentlemanly and high-spirited owner of Asteroid was too penurious and mean to go to the expense of sending his horse east, knowing he would be beaten. How well has the lie been cast in their teeth, and may they profit by this example and learn that all men are not prompted by the same truckling, contemptible spirit of which they are possessed.
The perfect gratification and rapture expressed by the assem- bled multitude, at the termination of the race, knew no bounds ; cheer after cheer rent the au', and the l^ew Yorkers had their desires gratified to excess by the bright favorite star being vic- tor, and the first day's racing at Jerome Park a perfect success.
The maiden meeting at Jerome Park is over, and its most glorious and successful dehut can now be placed conspicuous in our memories and histories as one of the brightest and pleas- antest mementos of days gone by. Who can look back upon the brilliant scenes, the innumerable carriages, the dense crowds of polished and fashionable, well-dressed persons, the lovely landscape, tlie bright etlierial skies, the luxuriant and variegated foliage, and, above all, the merry, happy laugh or bright, con- tented smile that radiated on every countenance, without de- siring to place the race-meeting at Fordham paramount in the events of pleasure of their previous life ? Well may the projec- tors and proprietors rejoice over the immensity of tlieir success, for what public undertaking, heralded with all the popularity of a government's support or nation's enthusiasm, could re- ceive more flattering encomiums or a larger amount of public patronage and praise than the new race-course of the Ameri- can Jockey Club, the result of the handiwork and good taste of a fevv^ private gentlemen. The success has truly been great, but not one iota more than this undertaking eminently de- 83rves ; and may its popularity increase with each succeeding year, and become ultimately as prominent an institution and national an amusement as it has ever been across the ocean, and
KENTUCKY. 395
may it be governed by sucli laws and impartial judgments as to make its decisions as noted and famous as those of tlie ancient and classically illustrious Lycurgus, of Sparta. A new era may, therefore, be stated to have set in, and an amusement which liad fallen into comparative neglect has again been revived with redoubled brilliancy. A few years ago, in Virginia, Louisiana, Kentucky and many other States, the aristocracy of our demo- cratic country were constant attendants at race-meetings ; but alas, an adverse tide set in ; the entire country resounded with the clash of arms and voice of war ; our young men and old shouldered the rifle or donned the sabre; discord and dissension reigned paramount, and our previously peaceful land was dis- tracted with all the horrible convulsions of civil war ; but, thank Providence, those horrible scenes are over, and those v/ho so gallantly, on the call of danger, rushed to the tented field, may now safely lay aside their deadly weapons, and return with pleasure and safety to the avocations of peace, devoting a por- tion of their leisure to honorable and high-minded amusements, on the summit of which stands racing. During our beloved country's affliction a number of patriotic and enterprising gen- tlemen determined, if possible, to prevent racing falling into neglect, and with an energy and courage worthy of this noble cause, heedless of the expenae and general negligence, came to the front, and, in spite of the supineness and indifference of many, founded Paterson and Saratoga meetings. Their success at first was not nearly commensurate with their deserts ; still they persevered, and that perseverance slowly but steadily was rewarded. Other neighborhoods followed this example — the ice having at length been broken — and they had the satisfaction of seeing ultimate success.
At this stage Mr. Leonard W. Jerome nobly came to the front, with a courage almost unheard of, took np the gauntlet and donned the armor, and, at all hazards, determined to bear the result, proclaiming to the world that he was an advocate and supporter of the ancient institution. This gentleman's deserv- edly high reputation soon attracted recruits of the highest social position to his standard, and thus formed the nucleus of the American Jockey Club. Further, he being the happy possessor of large means, at his ovv^n risk apportioned a part of his valuable
896 THE HORSE.
property, and, at an outlay almost incredible, made a race-course in the vicinity of our metropolis, second to none in the world. How many have their names mentioned in history and their memories perpetuated far into futurity for less worthy actions. Look at the founders of cities, the writers of orations, the dis- coverer of previously unknown lands, the founders of institu- tions or the builders of public edifices, whose patronymics are daily in our mouths, and who, ages since, have been enumerated with the past. Can any one say that they have done more than this gentleman ? We emphatically say no, and hope that while America is a Country, and its People a Nation, the memory of Mr. Jerome's munificence, liberality and honorable disinterest- edness may never be forgotten, in giving to tins city the most perfect, beautiful and costly race-course in the world.
The brilliant weather which happily attended the inaugura- tion day was deemed by many as a happy prediction of long and unvaried success; and although the continuation of the sports was unavoidably delayed, the enthusiasm was undimin- ished, the press and public universally agreeing that the popu- larity and attendance were far beyond all expectations, and im- measurably outstripping any similar assembly that ever took place in the United States.
]S^ow we have a race-course, a word upon the gallant horses may not be amiss. The seven comfortable, excellently-planned stables, each containing ten loose boxes, had all occupants, and it is more than doubtful that so large a number of first-class animals were ever previously assembled in one place. The blood of all the celebrities that have lived for the last half cen- tury was to be found — Lexington, Glencoe, Iledgeford, Light- ning, Boston, Balrownie, Trustee, whose pure and unadulterated lineage claims close connection with many of the greatest per- formers that have been produced in England ; nor has migra- tion one whit impaired their speed, endurance and beauty. The racing public of France and Britain have justly sung the praises of Gladiateur, Blair Athol, Lord Lyon and Achievement, for they have been truly wonderful horses, and beaten all competi- tors ; but luckily for them that they never met our Kentucky, or their laurels would have stood a certain chance of clipping. Since the days of Eclipse, Flying Childers, Stockwell, West
KENTUCKY. 397
Australian or Lexington, it is doubtful that a better steed ever ran ; for not only is be remarkable for bis wonderful speed, but lie is besides lasting, well bottomed and capable of carrying great weight, with the courage of the lion and the docility of the dog. In the closing event of this meeting, with a heavy handicap weight up, he with ease beat such celebrated horses as Aldebaran, Onward, etc., in a two and three-quarter mile dash, making the last mile in the splendid time of 1:4!.), and the handsome, easy style he finished justifies us in thinking that he could have done, if called upon, a mile and a quarter more at the same rate of speed, which would have made the total four miles T:20|^, or half a second more than Lexington's magnificent performance on the Metairie course, jSTew Orleans, but with this tremendous difierence, of Kentucky having 124 lbs. up, while Lexington only carried 103 lbs. The country has long been able to boast of patriots, statesmen, orators and soldiers, without compeers; of inventions and manufactures without equals, and she can now with safety add the name of Kentucky to the roll of fame, as undoubtedly the fastest and best race-horse living.
In the course of time, new members will be added to the honorable list of the present composers of the American Jockey Club, and who will undoubtedly be called upon to occupy prom- inent ofiices, on whom not only will devolve grave responsi- bilities, but great trials and temptations, to successfully combat which they have but to follow the excellent example of those honorable gentlemen who at present so admirably and nobly fill their respective positions, knowing, as tliey must', that on them depends the continued prosperity, elevated place and great pop- ularity, to the climax of which this ancient, time-honored and illustrious recreation has now reached.
On each of the two last days of the meeting the same scenes of bustle and confusion were enacted throughout our great city, more particularly in the vicinity of the Fifth Avenue and the habitations of the rich and fashionable. Those who had wit- nessed one day's sport would not be debarred seeing the balance. Grooms in handsome liveries rushed about ; coachmen, no less well attired, drove their matchless teams to and fro through the handsome streets, waiting for their precious, lo^-'ly pud well- dressed mistresses. Servant C'irl^, ini- or'.a:;t \.La cunlided
398 THE IIOESE.
secrets, looked from stoops, evidently impatient for the arrival of expected guests or new and fashionable articles of apparel ; flashily dressed French milliners daintily and hurriedly pressed their way, bearing carefully, in all the forbidden intricacies of band-boxes, some costly head-dress, or the latest and most ap- proved make in hats or bonnets. Dressmakers, with skilfully cut robes, were not wanting to complete the scene ; in fact, the whole metropolis was agog, all bound on pleasure, all deter- mined, if opportunity would allow, to be spectators of the anti- cipated races. In the vicinity of the Fifth Avenue Hotel hosts of the sterner sex were mustered, canvassing the results, the prospects of the favorites, taking and giving odds, hedging, prophesying and warning. Every portion of the country was represented, from the tall, powerful Missourian to the dapper, active little Creole of New Orleans — from the smart, calculating, astute "New Englander, to the stalwart Kentuckian. Good temper and good nature prevailed on every side. All were hail- fellow-well-met ; not a shadow seemed to cross the even tenor of their way. Truly, we Americans are a wonderful people ; what foreigner would believe, unless he knew, that those who, little more than twelve months since, had fought in antagonistic ranks, with all the determination, valor and hate that civil war could imbue, would now be hob-nobbing, laughing, joking and fraternizing with all the appearance of a friendship that had lasted for years.
Both roads to the track were one continued, uninterrupted stream, composed of every description and variety of conveyance that the inventive brain of foreign or native coach-builder could devise. The elegant coupe, with four of the choicest horses that money could procure, was crowded by the half worn out, wholly unpainted, discarded express wagon, or the dashing, splendidly finished turn-out of some leader of the lo?i ton had to give place to the rattling, go-ahead, serviceable market-cart. On arrival at the course, the former familiar crowds greeted your sight, and a stranger, from their density and settled, at-home manner, might easily suppose they had been bivouacked in their respec- tive places at least since the previous day. The hill at the upper end of the course contained thousands ; the rising ground at the lower end was not one whit the less favored ; and every tree arid
KENTUCKY. 399
bush, whetlier apple or maple, oak or fir, had as many roosters ill it as could find room to percL.
Booths and tents had sprung up on every side like mush- rooms after a shower, and their variety of architecture was not greater than the multiplicity of condiments they offered for sale. Oysters, sandwiches, pies, fruit, et hoc genus omne. Beverages were no less numerous ; but it is safe to assert that the favorite and refreshing drink of Gambrinus and Bohemians had the greatest patronage. Inside the inclosure similar multitudes were to be found, undoubtedly more finely clad and more fashionable in appearance, but it is dubious if they, with all the benefits of a quarter-stretch ticket, enjoyed the fun v/ith greater gusto.
Over the hum and tread of a thousand voices and feet, the pool-seller's stentorian voice could be heard knocking down the various horses to their eager purchasers. Around this portion of the grounds the crowd is always the densest ; it is here that all the knowing ones are to be found — men deeply skilled in horse pedigrees and horse performances, men of quick calcula- ting powers, ready to back or take odds, as the chances ofier and look favorable. A certain knowing appearance stamps them ; the cut of their clothes and even make of their boots is different ; everything bespeaks the horse about them ; their neck-ties are differently tied, their breast-pins frequently have the symbol of a horse's shoe or other equine appurtenance, and not unfrequently a straw or twig is in their mouth ; in fact, they are our countei-part of what in England are denominated horsey men.
The ladies, how can we approach such a delicate, delightful subject? We lack the delicacy of touch of the miniature painter, and the honied words of the carpet knight, but still we cannot pass the ornaments of our household, the elevators of our finest feelings, the prime instigators of all the delightful romance that causes us to appreciate moonlight music, love and flowers. The grand stand was fairly crowded with them, all gay, happy and delighted. Is^o florist's exhibition or pet green- house ever was more resplendent in brilliancy or variety of col- oring. The rainbow, under most favorable circumstances, would have suffered defeat if brought in comparison ; even our match-
4:00 THE HOKSE.
less autumn forest tints would have been compelled to yield the pahn. The dresses were gorgeous, the bonnets and hats were superb, and the shawls and mantillas were exquisite. The taste displayed, tlie harmonizing of the coloring, and the stylishness and fit of the costumes could not have been excelled, nor prob- ably equalled, in any portion of the world. What person could look upon such a scene, thickly interspersed with innumerable beautiful faces of every class and type, without unbounded feel- ings of delight, save perhaps he be a woman-hater ? Bah ! we cannot believe that such exist ; but still, if such be, lynch law should immediately be meted to him.
The Races have passed, but we may safely predict that not a single visitor will forget the happy, pleasant, delightful days that they enjoyed during its continuance ; and when years, with their steadily increasing stride, sprinkle our heads with gray hairs, or our now upright figures become stooped with the pas- sage of time, one bright spot in the reminiscences of the past will still be left us, the first race-meeting of the American Jockey Club.
Jerome Park, Sept. 29th, 186G.— The Grand National Eace, a dash of two and three-quarter
miles ; a free handicap. John Hunter entered Travers and Osgood's b. h. Kentucky, by Lexington, dam Magnolia,
5 years, to carry 134 lbs. 1
J. S. Watson entered Aldebaran, by Commodore, dam Nannie Lewis, 6 years, 105 lbs. . 2 O. McCoun entered M. H. Sandford's b. m. Nannie Butler, by Lexington, dam Tokay,
5 years, 100 lbs ... 3
J. S. Watson entered ch. c. Onward, by Ringgold, dam My Lady, 4 years, 104 lbs. , . 4 D. McDaniels entered b. h. Luther, by Lexington, dam Belle Lewis, 4 years, 100 lbs. . 5 P. C, Bush entered Messrs. Forbes and Jerome's ch. h. Fleetwing, by imp. Balrownie, dam Ehoda, 6 years, 112 lbs. ; drawn. John Hunter entered Messrs. Travers and Osgood's b. h. Areola, by Lexington, dam Topaz, 6 years, 110 lbs. ; drawn. E. B. Forbes, jr.. entered br. h.
Climax, by imp. Balrownie, aged, 107 lbs. ; drawn. Mr. entered bl. h. Blackbird, by
imp. Albion, aged, 107 lbs. ; c'.rawn. Dennis Eeedy entered br. h. Zigzag, by Euric, dam Zenith, 8 years, 105 lbs. ; drawn. J. W. Weldon entered b. h. Leatherlungs, by Lesiugton, dam Gosamer, 0 years, 103 lbs. ; drawn. J. S. Watson entered b. c. Delaware, by Einggold, dam Ariel, 4 years, 104 lbs. ; drawn. Col. McDaniels entered b. c. Julius, by Lexington, dam Julia,
4 years, 102 lbs. ; drawn. W. Kerwin entered ch. h. Citadel, by Mahomet, dam Prunella,
5 years, 100 lbs. ; drawn. T. B. Eeed entered Forbes and Jerome's Trovatore, by imp. Monarch, dam Madonna, aged, 100 lbs. ; drawn. J. W. Weldon entered ch. c. Tom Woolfolk, by Lexington, dam Floride, 3 years, 82 lbs. ; drawn.
Betting : Kentucky at nearly 4 to 1 against the field.
At the start, Onward at once cut out the work, and M'itli a will went to the front at a shai'p pace. A quarter of a mile passed, and the horses had settled to distinct places. As they entered on the reverse curve, Onwfird led, Luther second, Alde- baran third, Kentucky fourth, and Xnnnie last. No change of
KENTUCKY. 401
position occuiTed as they whirled round the far curve and came to the head of the straight run to the stand. Onward made telhng running, leading the lot by twenty lengths. The rest all lay in a huddle, pacing along at an easy rate — all save Kentucky watching each other ; but he waiting at ease. Gayly he strode along under a heavy pull, carrying his heavy weight as a feather. In an instant they sweep up to the Grand Stand ; in another they have swept by it, and are dashing away into the second mile. The whole air of the race showed that there were only two foemen in that field, Kentucky and Aldebaran ; there was no chance for any other. Onward was winning a quick career in the front, Luther and Nannie a slow and laboring one in the rear. As they enter the second mile the pace quickens, and Luther, outstridden, gives back and loses his second place. Into it Aldebaran moved, and dwelt there a furlong, when Kil- patrick, his jockey — whose game was to wait — pulled him to the rear, and Kentucky went up to second position. At the quarter pole Onward was blazing away in the front, Kentucky striding along under a heavy pull second, Aldebaran third, Luther fourth, and Nannie fifth. This position seemed to suit all so well, that they did not change thence to the end of the mile. At its finish all closed up, and the field came to the stand in a crowd. A mile yet lies before them — a trying and decisive mile.
In it the battle must be won ; in it honor gained ; in it a battle lost and honor lost. "Watch the horses. See how the noble Kentucky bears himself. Who can doubt that his pennant shall stream in the van at its close. A rare good one, — none stride like him. Ilis gait is all ease, that of his foes all labor. His all in hand, Avith vast power untasked ; his foes have little left unused. They have swept round the north turn ; they are at the first quarter post. Littlefield calls on his horse. At once, and with the speed of a flash, he moves on. Onward ; one has hardly looked at him ere he has caught him, collared, passed him, and is in the lead. A shout rent the air — the gallant Ken- tucky is the favorite of all ; all hail to his prowess as he comes to the front. A word did it. Kentucky strode away — no whip, no spur, scarring his glossy coat ; they were not needed. Called on, he answered back. See how he strides away ; see how he Vol. L— 26
402 THE HORSE.
masters his great weight ; see his matchless power. With alternately pricked and playing ear; with open mouth, and even, steady stride, he speeds with the swiftness of a meteor over his gromid. Ah, but it is a pleasure, intense indeed, to see such power, such self-command, such execution. Here are no falter- ing, no dwelling, no laboring, but all is ease. Who would not be excited ? Who would not shout applause ?
Once in front, Kentucky hurried the pace, and made the race a rapid one. At the half-mile pole he was the foremost ; and he and Aldebaran moved away from the rest as if by a spell of magic. Sweeping round the last turn, they were all alone— the only combatants. Though there could be no doubt as to the issue, yet Aldebaran forced the odds against him, and manfully and gallantly strode every yard with rare game and footily. Strive as he would, it was all in vain ; hurry the pace as he would, that but roused the gallant leader to a quicker rate. On, on they rush ; and all the crowd of gazers grow silent in their intense interest. Every eye is strained to see the noble steeds as they near the stand. Kushingly they come, and excitement makes breathless all the multitude. Ere one could think, they covered all the ground. Past the grand stand they rush ; on to tlie winning goal they go ; past it they sweep — down drops the flag — the race is over ! and Kentucky is the winner. Time — three-quarter mile, 1:21| ; one and three-quarter miles, 3:15; two and three-quarter miles, 5:04.
Again the wild and excited multitude, who but a moment since were dumb in expecting silence, were now making the welkin ring with a mighty shout of realizing joy. The favorite had won, and glad hearts were happy in his success. Who could not enjoy such a scene ! Who would not applaud such a triumph? Still Kentucky stands the foremost horse. Long may his star be ascendant ! l^ever may his banner wave but in the front, stainless and triumphant !
Mr. Leonard W. Jerome purchased Kentucky shortly after his last race at Jerome Park, for $40,000 ; and he made the season of 1867 at Chas. Bathgate's, Jerome Park, Eordham, Westchester county, N. Y., at $250 a season.
KENTUCKY.
403
During tlie fall of 186T the following matcli was made and run over the track at Jerome Park : —
Jerome Park, Thursday, Oct. 17, 1867— A match for $3000 a side, half forfeit ; Kentucky against
time. To run four mOes in 7:20. L. W. Jerome's b. h. Kentucky, 6 years old, by Lexington, dam Magnolia, by imp. Glencoe,
120 lbs. Lost.
TtSTE.
First mile 1:48
Second mile 1:48
Third mile 1:53
Fourth mile 2:02^
7:31}
The following description of the race is taken from the " Turf, Field, and Farm," Oct. 2Gtl], 1867 :
KENTUCKY AGAINST TIME.
Thursday, October 17th, was an auspicious day at Jerome Park. Kentuc]>:y ran his race against time ; and the match that we first gave to the public had been discussed so often in every part of the country, that it excited the deepest interest, and not less than twenty thousand people were present to witness it. The failure of Kentucky was acknowledged with deep regret, especially by the ladies, who worship him as an ideal horse. His proud carriage, as he appeared on the course prior to the race, seemed to presage victory, and the thousands in the grand stand greeted him with an enthusiastic outburst of applause. The day was all that could be asked — the loveliest of October, the softest of glorious, golden-tinted autumn. Kentucky — though a little too high in flesh, and full in the flank, his body not being rounded up, like last Fall, when he beat Idlewild, Onward and Fleetwing — appeared to be in good condition, and his friends were sanguine that he would win. "When Littlefield mounted him for the start, forty thousand eye's rested upon him, and ]ie was the object of the most intense interest to twenty thousand people. He passed the score on a full run, led by one of his stable companions, the fleet-footed De Courcey. Kentucky ran with perfect ease, his graceful, free, far-reaching stride inspiring his backers with the utmost confidence. The first mile was made in 1:48, and the second in the same time. At the beginning of the third mile Kentucky still seemed fresh, and De Courcey was now relieved by Clara Clarita. Gallantly she led him around the right bend,
404 THE IIOKSE.
and opposite tlie Club-house Luther was let loose, and joined in the race. And right here the mischief was done. Kentucky was excited by the rush of Luther to the front, and he was per- mitted to brush with him. lie had been going at a fearful rate of speed, and the extra strain was more than nature could stand. The brush taxed the respiratory organs too severely ; the demand exceeded the supply, and the overbalance led to disastrous con- sequences. Kentucky began to show signs of distress before reaching the third quarter, and he closed the mile in 1:53 — an evident falling-oif of speed. Redwing was started to lead him the fourth mile, and the noble horse sprang gallantly after her, though laboring most perceptibly. To the careful observer it was now apparent that Time would triumph. At the half mile Kentucky's gallop was irregular, and around the turn below the Club-house he attempted to bolt, but was straightened and urged forward by Littlefield. Coming down the homa stretch the whip was freely applied, and he passed under the string in 7:31 1, a loser of the race by llf seconds. Although the day was fine, and the horse in fair condition, he was badly managed in the race. The Urst two miles were run in 3:36, a killing rate of speed. The horse was outpaced, and all chances of success de- stroyed. Had he run the first mile in 1:48, and the second in 1:51, and have been kept at a regular gait on the third mile, the result might have been different. Lexington, in his famous race against time, ran the first mile in 1:47^, the second in 1:52|, the third in 1:51 1, and the fourth in 1:4S|. He was not outpaced in the first half of the race, but by careful riding held strength in reserve and was able to keep up his high rate of speed to the end. Kentucky carried seventeen pounds more than his sire did, and he labored under the disadvantage of running over a slower track. But notwithstanding his mismanagement we doubt very much if Kentucky could have performed the great feat before him on Thursday the ITth, in the specified time. Undoubtedly he could have made a better finish under ditferent control, but we incline to the opinion that he was not seasoned to carry 120 lbs. and run four miles in seven minutes and twenty seconds. He may be able to do it next year at Saratoga, but it was out of the question for him to do it at Jerome Park, after making a season in the stud, this October. Though failing, he proved
KENTUCKY 8 PERFORMANCES.
405
himself a great liorse. Three miles in 5:29 with such a heavy weight, is an extraordinary performance. The result of this match against time has revived, in a measure, interest in the celebrated Asteroid and Kentucky controversy. Asteroid is now strong again, and as he is to be trained next year, parties are anxious to make a match between him and Kentucky for the summer of 1868. The proposition, doubtless, will be widely canvassed dm-ing the coming winter. Asteroid, it is asserted, ran a fom'-mile trial over the Woodlawn course, at Louisville, carrying weight for age, in 7:23|. His unfortunate injury at Jerome Park, last autumn, was a great disappointment to the public, and a strong desire is now manifested to see him in a four-mile race with such a distinguished champion and worthy foeman as Kentucky.
SUMIVIART OF KENTUCKY'S PERFORMANCES.
In 1863, started once, won once.
Paterson, N. J.— Sweepstakes for 2-year-olds
$900.00
In 1864, started seven times, won six.
Paterson, N. J.— Sequel Stakes for 3-year-olds .
Saratoga Springs, N. Y.— The Travers' Stake for 3-year-old8
Same Meeting — Sweepstakes for S-year-olds
Paterson, N. J. — The Jersey St. Leger for 3-year-olds
Same Meeting— The Sequel Stakes for 3-year-olds
Same Meeting-A Match, two mile heats ....
1200.00 2500.00 1750,00 2350.00 950.00 5750,00
In 1865, started seven times, won seven.
Paterson, N. J.— Purse for all ages, two mile heats
Same Meeting— Purse for all ages, three mile heats .
Saratoga Springs, N. Y.— The Saratoga Cup, 2^ miles, for aU ages
Same Meeting— Purse, dash four miles— walked over
Paterson, N. J.— Purse for all ages, two mile heats .
Same Meeting— Purse for all ages, dash three miles
Same Meeting— Purse for all ages, three mile heats
600.00 1000.00 1900.00 1000.00 500.00 400.00 700.00
In 1836, started seven times, won seven. Paterson, N. J.— Purse for all ages, two mile heats . Same Meeting— Purse for all ages, three mile dash Same Meeting— Purse for all ages, three mile heats . Saratoga Springs, N. Y.— Saratoga Cup, 2^ miles Same Meeting— Purse for all ages, dash of four miles Jerome Park, N. Y.— Inauguration Stake, four mile heats Same Meeting— The Grand National Race, 2^ miles .
600.00 500.00 100.000 2300.00 1000.00 7100.00 1950.00
In 1357, started once, lost once. Jerome Park— A Match against time.
St.arted 24 times, won 23, lost 3.
Total winning
$-■25,950.00
406 THE H02SE.
Kentucky was placed in tlie stud again in 1868, and was purchased by August Belmont, Esq., shortly after his time race, for §40,000. He has been used as a private stallion ever since by Mr. Belmont at the Nursery Stud Farm, near Babylon, Long Island. Like Asteroid, the oldest of Kentucky colts are two- year-olds, too young to form an estimate of his success as a stal- lion. Magnolia's produce have been as a rule generally success- ful upon the turf. Magic was a fair filly and won two of her stakes as a three-year. Madeline raced in Michigan with much success, but is better known as the dam of Maggie B. B. Ma- donna ran many races with various success. Charley Ball was a very fine colt, running a second heat at Lexington, in 1854, in 1 :45f , the fastest mile at that time ever made over the course. He ran many races South, and won some at three miles. Prince- ton was a very fine racer and ran at all distances. Charley Mor- gan and Hanover were indififerent. Daniel Boone, like his full brother, was a splendid horse, thought by many to be fully equal to Kentucky. He beat the celebrated Planet at Isew Orleans two mile heats in 3:38^ — 3:36|, the best race at that day. He is now the property of that princely turfman, Wm. Cottrill, Esq., of Mobile, Ala., and promises to be as successful in the stud as on the turf. Simon Kenton was a poor race-horse, better known as tlie sire of the successful hurdler and steeple-chaser Bohannon. Skedaddle was quite successful upon the turf and won the great Boatsman stake, mile heats three in five, at St. Louis, beating Sue Lewis and a large field. Her first foal. Saucebox, by Star Davis, promises highly. Gilroy was very fast, but only moderate upon the turf He is standing in Kentucky. Victory is a fine race- horse, very fast, but very uncertain in temper, especially in start- ing. That Kentucky will be a great success as a sire, we have no doubt, if properly mated. His fine breeding, unexceptionable action, and success upon the turf, if " like begets like," will make him take rank as one of the most valuable sons of the bhnd hero of Woodburn
IMPOKTED LEAMINGTON. 407
IMPOETED LEAMmGTOK
Leamington was bred by Mr. Halford, of England ; imported to America in 1865 by R. W. Cameron, Esq., Clifton Stud Farm, Staten Island, ]N". Y. ; now the property of A. Welch, Esq., Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Penn. By Faugh-a-Ballagh. 1st dam by Pantaloon ; 2d dam Daphne, by Laurel ; 3d dam Maid of Honor, by Champion ; 4:th dam Etiquette, by Orville ; 5th dam Boadicea, by Alexander ; 6th dam Brunette, by Amaranthus ; 7th dam Mayfly, by Matchem ; 8th dam by Ancaster Starling ; 9th dam by Grasshopper ; 10th dam by Su* M. ^N'ewton's Arabian ; 11th dam by Pert ; 12th dam by St. Martins ; 13th dam by Sir E, Hale's Arabian ; 14th dam the Old Field mare.
Faugh-a-Ballagh, the sire of Leamington, bred by Mr. G. Knox, in 1841, was a full brother to the celebrated Irish Bird- catcher, by Sir Hercules, out of Guiccioli, by Bob Booty ; Flight, by Irish Escape; Young Heroine, by Bagot; Heroine (Tom Turf's dam), by Hero ; Snap, sister to Eegulus, etc., etc.
Faugh-a-Ballagh appeared once as a two-year-old, and ran third for the Champagne Stakes at Doncaster, won by The Cure. As a three-year-old started seven times, won four, lost one, received forfeit once, and paid forfeit once. "Won the Great Doncaster St. Leger, beating The Cure, The Princess, and six others. At same meeting over St. Leger Course beat Corranna, a match for £1000; ISTewmarket won the Grand Duke Michael Stakes, beating Red Deer and three others; Newmarket won the Cesarewitch Stakes, beating Lightning, and twenty others ; JSTewmarket ran second to Evenus, for the Cambridgeshire Stakes; l^ewmarket received 150 sovs. com- promise from Alice Hawthorn Ditch— in 500, 200 ft. ; :N"ew-
408 THE HOESE.
market paid forfeit 100 sovs. Ditch — in to Lord G. Bentinck's Nawortb. As a four-year-old at Ascot ran second to the Emperor for a piece of plate, value 500 sovs. — the gift of his Majesty the Emperor of all the Kussias — Alice Hawthorn third, Cowl fourth.
He was placed at the stud the following year, and sired some good stock in England — ^Leamington the best. Cestrea, Ethel- wolf, Ginger, Le Juif, Mary Ann, Morning Star, Pole Star, Tom Burke, Berage, Garibaldi, Hibernia, The Hadji, Master Bagot and Bosa Bonheur are amongst the best of his get in England. In 1855 he was exported to France, where he added renewed luster to his name as the sire of Fille de I'Air, Fontenoy, Jarnicoton, Armagnac, and others.
The Pantaloon mare, the dam of Leamington, has no turf career. The following is a list of her produce : —
1849— br. c. Prosperous, by Launcelot Mr. E. Allen.
1850— br. c. John Bull, by Falstaff "
1851— missed to ditto Mr. Halford.
1852— ch. f. Myi-tle, by Sweetmeat "
1853— br. c. Leamington, by Faugh-a-Ballagh "
1854 — br. c. Goldwater, by Sweetmeat "
1855— b. f. Sweet Pretty Pet, by Flatcatcher "
1856— br. c. Vault, by Vatican "
1858— br. c. Milverton, by Loup-garou "
Barren in 1857, and died in 1859, in foal to Alonzo.
Pantaloon, chestnut colt, foaled in 1824, bred by Mr. Gifford. By Castrel, out of Idalia by Peruvian, her dam Musidora, sister to Meteora, by Meteor, out of Maid-of-all- Work, etc. Pantaloon ran seven times as a three-year-old, and won six, came in first for the seventh, but was declared distanced from loss of weight. This ended his turf career. He is better known as a sire. His blood is still held in England of the highest repute. During his stud career he sired some first-class animals, such as The Drone, Cardinal PuflT, Ghuznee, the winner of the Oaks in 1841 ; Satirist, winner of the St. Leger in 1841 ; Jocose, the dam of Maccaroni, the sire of Macgregor ; Leger-de-main, the winner of the Cesarewitch in 1849, and the dam of Toxopholite, Elthiron, Van Amburgh, Juvenal, Morpeth, The Libel, Clarissa, Caprice, Slander, Pantalonade, the dam of The Prime Minister,
IMPORTED LEAMINGTON. 409
tlie sire of Tlie Kniglit of the Garter, Hernandez, Odiham, Medal, Fair Helen, the dam of Lord of the Isles, winner of the two thousand guineas in 1855, and the sire of Dundee, and the two brothers Hobbie Noble and "Windhound, the latter the sire of Thormanby, considered the best young sire in England.
DESCEIPTION or LEAlVnNGTON.
Leamington, a dark-brown horse, foaled 1853, full 16 hands 1 inch high. He has a beautiful head and neck, fine eyes and good shoulders, fine back, great length, and as fine from the point of the hip to the whirlbone, and from thence back to the hock, as any horse in the country. With a very round barrel, it gives him the appearance of a light middle piece. We think his hind leg a pattern, and he is best there, where many of the English horses are deficient. He has most excellent bone; his right hind foot, from the hoof to the pastern, is white, and a large white star sets ofi" his expressive and blood-like head.
R, H. Copperthwaite, Esq., in his book " The Turf, Eace Horse, and Stud Farm," thus expresses himself about Leaming- ton :
' A dark-brown horse, with a white star, eleven yeai'S old, by Faugh-a-Baliagh ; dam by Pantaloon ; her dam Daphne by Laurel.
" He is one of the best representatives of what a race-horse ought to be, with great length, racing points all over, and won- derful propelling power, and position of his hind-quarters being perfection, and such as cannot fail, at a glance, to strike the eye. In his general formation and appearance, he somewhat resembles his sire, and in many respects Buccaneer, although more com- manding in his general style, being, in fact, a perfect specimen of the fine slashing race-horse — ^just what might be expected from his relationship to Pantaloon, whose descendants invariably present such an appearance. His sire's fame is world-wide ; indeed, by many he is believed to have been the best horse ever foaled — a question which no doubt admits of serious considera-
410 THE IIOESE.
tion as well as doubt. Be tliat as it may, that Leamington looks all over a fine model of a race-liorse — that he proved himself (which is better than mere appearance, which is often a fallacy) a genuine first-class animal, as well as a perfectly sound wear- and-tear one, cannot be denied ; for although his name is not recorded among the Blue Kiband or St. Leger winners, his per- formances justly entitle him to the confidence and support of breeders, which would be badly rewarded by patronizing, as a rule, some of the winners of those great events; for although the Derby, Oaks, and St. Leger may be generally very good tests of quality, it by no means follows that there are not, in many instances, far better horses of the year than the winners — some never even entered. Taking into consideration the fact that the country has lost his sire, Leamington must be looked to as the most promising son of that renowned animal best qualified to fill his place, and uphold untarnished the prestige of his an- cestors, which, with a fair and reasonable chance, there can hardly be a doubt he will do, for he is from head to tail a ' noble, fine animal,' and one most likely yet to stand at the same figure as his relative, Irisli Birdcatcher. The fact that he has the Pantaloon blood in his veins is an additional recommen- dation, for it is questionable if there flows in any animal better ; the very best runners and the grandest specimens of the noble thoroughbred are descended from Pantaloon. I believe that Leamington, as viewed upon the race-course, walking with his majestic yet steady air, presents at once the appearance of the most level-made, lengthy sample of a race-horse that we have seen for many years, every shape and point being where they should be, and his ' propellers ' always doing their duty, being placed so beautifully for the purpose. Although his career at the stud has as yet but commenced, he has begun well, and is, to my mind, certain to finish better. The running of Fille de I'Air, that extraordinary mare (a daughter of Faugh-a-Ballagh), is further proof in favor of the chance of Leamington proving successful."
This was written a year before his importation, and the de- scription holds good to-day. Mr. Copperthwaite's predictions as to his value as a sire have been singularly true so far as
Leamington's peefokmances. 411
America is concerned, as we will have occasion to notice in a review of his produce.
Leamington's performances.
Warwick, Monday, March 19th, 1855— The Woodcote Stakes of 15 bot. each, 5 ft., for two-year- olds ; five furlongs (7 subscribers).
Mr. Hall'ord's Leamington, by Faugh-a-Ballagh, 8 st. 2 lbs 1
Mr. Lucas' b. f. Ceres, 7 st. 13 lbs 2
Mr. Pell's ch. f. Mavourneen, 8 st. 4 lbs 3
5 to 4 on Leamington, and 6 to 4 against Ceres. Won by a length.
Nottingham, Thursday, July 19th, 1855— The Eobin Hood Stakes of 10 sov. each, with 50 added for two-year-olds ; the second saved bis stake, and the winner paid 5 sov. to the fond ; T. Y. C. (10 subscribers).
Mr. Morris' b. f. Tilly, by Planet, 8 st. 7 lbs 1
Mr. Halford's br. c. Leamington, 8 st. 7 lbs 2
Mr. T. Taylor's b. f , by Slane, out of Ostrogoth's dam, 8 st. 3 lbs 3
6 to 5 against Leamington, 7 to 4 against Tilly, and 4 to 1 against the Slane filly. Won by a
neck, the Slane fiHy finishing about six lengths behind Leamington.
Same Meeting, Friday, July 20th, 1855— The Bunney Park Stakes of 10 sov. each, h. ft., with 50 added for two-year-olds. The winner paid 5 sov. to the fund ; T. Y. C. (14 subscribers).
Mr. H. Lewis' br. f. Duet, by Jericho, 7 st. 12 lbs 1
Mr. J. Scott's br. c. St. Domingo, 8 st. 4 lbs 2
Mr. Barber's b. f. Miss Harkaway, 8 st. 3 lbs 3
Mr. Copeland's b. c. St. Dunstan, 8 st 4
Mr. Dawson's Gaudy, 8 st. . . 5
Mr. Lucas' Garnet, 7 st. 10 lbs 6
Mr. Halford's Leamington, 8 st. 7 lbs. 7
5 to 2 against Leamington, 7 to 2 against Gaady, and 5 to 1 against Duet. Won easily by a length, two lengths between the second and third.
York, Wednesday, August 22d, 1855 — The Convivial Produce Stakes of 10 sov. each, h. ft., with 100 added, for two-year-old colts, 8 st. tj lbs., and fillies 8 st. 2 lbs. ; those got by stallions or out of mares which never produced a winner allowed 3 lbs., and winners before starting to carry 2 lbs. extra ; the ovnier of the second horse received 10 per cent, out of the stakes, and the third saved his stake ; T. Y. C. (1-39 subscribers).
Mr. Bowes' br. c. Fly-by-Night, by the Flying Dutchman, 8 st. 5 lbs 1
Mr. W. H. Brooks' ch. f. Manganese, 8 st. 4 lbs 2
Mr. Harland's br. f. Mirage, 7 st. 13 lbs 3
Merlin 8 st. 6 lbs., Little Tibby 8 st. 1 lb., Leamington 8 st. 5 lbs., Blanche 7 st. 13 lbs., Aleppo 8 St. 8 lbs., Alfred 8 st. 6 lbs., Adam, Lord Glasgow Birdcatcher colt, 8 st. C lbs. Mr. Buck- ley's Birdcatcher flUy, 8 st. 2 lbs., started, but not placed.
7 to 4 against Fly-by-Night, 9 to 4 against Aleppo, 6 to 1 against Mirage, 7 to 1 against
Merlin, 12 to 1 against Manganese, and 100 to 8 against Prairie Bird colt. Won by a length, half a length between the second and third. Merlin was fourth. Aleppo was left at the post.
Derby, Wednesday, August 29th, 1855— The Chesterfield Stakes of 50 sov., given by the Eight Hon. the Earl of Chesterfield, added to a sweepstakes of 10 sov. each, h. ft., for two-year- olds ; the owner of the second horse saved his stake, and the winner paid 5 sov. towards expenses ; about half a mile (16 subscribers).
Mr. Halford's Leamington, 8 st. 10 lbs 1
Mr. E. Parr's br. c. Stork, 8 st. 12 lbs 2
Mr. T. Taylor's f. by Slane, out of Ostrogoth's dam, 8 st 3
412 THE HOESE.
Flyaway, 8 st. 8 lbs., St. Dunstan, 8 at. 10 lbs., and Lord Wilton's Birdcatcher filly, out of
Sacrifice, 8 st. 3 lbs., started, but not placed. 5 to 4 against Stork, 2 to 1 against Flyaway, and 8 to 1 each against the Sacrifice filly and
Leamington. Won by a length and a half, a neck between the second and third.
Epsom, Wednesday, May 28th, 1856— The Derby Stakes of 50 sov. each, h. ft., for three-year-old colts, 8 St. 7 lbs., and fillies 8 st. 2 lbs ; the second received 100 sov. out of the stake, and the winner paid 100 sov. towards the police and regulations of the Course, and 50 sov. to the judge ; one mile and a half to be run on the New Course (211 subscribers).
Adam Harcourt's br. c. Ellington, by The Flying Dutchman 1
Mr. Howard's ch. c. Yellow Jack 2
Lord J. Scott's b. c. Cannobie 3
Lord Derby's b. c. Fazzoletto 4
Coroner, Bay Hilton, Fly-by-Night, Wandering Willie, Leamington, Aleppo, Wentworth, Bird- in-Hand, Forbidden Fruit, Vandermulin, Puek, Mr. Verdant Green, Artillery, Astrologue, Rogerthorpe, Pretty Boy, Dramatist, Newington, Cotswold, and The Prince started, but were not placed. 5 to 2 against Fazzoletto, 7 to 2 against Wentworth, C to 1 against Cannobie, 7 to 1 against Ar- tillery, 12 to 1 against Fly-by-Night and Vandermulin, 15 to 1 against Yellow Jack, 20tol each against Bird-in-Hand and Ellington, 25 to 1 against Puck, 40 to 1 each against Bay Hil- ton, Newington, Rogerthorpe, and Coroner, 50 to 1 against Astrologus, and 1000 to 10 against any other. Won by a length, half a length between the second and third, a length and a half between the third and fourth.
Newton, Wednesday, June 18th, 1856— The Makerfleld Handicap Plate of 60 sov., for all ages ;
winners after the publication of the weights, 5 lbs. extra ; half a mUe.
Mr. Merone's br. c. Biron, by Touchstone, 4 years old, 7 st. 5 lbs 1
Mr. Copeland's b. c. St. Dunstan, 3 years, 5 st. 9 lbs 2
Mr. Hahbrd's br. c. Leamington, 3 years, 6 st. 8 lbs. 3
Eleven others started, but were not placed.
5 to 2 against Leamington, 4 to 1 against Bubble, 5 to 1 against Biron, and 10 to 1 against
Chore Petite. Won by a neck, the same between second and third.
Same Meeting, Thursday, June 19th, 1856— The great Newton Handicap Plate of 200 sov. added
to a sweepstakes of 5 sov. each ; the second to receive 20 sov. out of the stakes ; one mUe
and a half (44 subscribers).
Mr. E. Parr's ch. g. Aladdin (late Go-away), 5 years, 7 st 1
Mr. J. Whittaker's b. c. Van Dunck, 3 years, 5 st. 3 lbs 2
Mr. Halford's b. c. Goldhill, 3 years, 6 st. 10 lbs 3
Mr. J. H. Smith's ch. c. Midhope, 3 years, 5 st. 13 lbs 4
The Heir of Linne, Berezina, Leamington, Dr. Ginkel, Bubble, and St. Dunstan started, but
not placed. 3 to 1 each against the Heir of Linne and Midhope, 5 to 1 against Goldhill, 6 to 1 against Van
Dunck, 8 to 1 against Aladdin, 10 to 1 against Leamington, and 20 to 1 against Dr. Ginkel.
Won by a length, two lengths between the second and third, a bad fourth.
Same Meeting, Friday, June 20th, 1856— The Manor Handicap Plate of GO sov., for all ages; winners after the weights are published 5 lbs., or the winner of the Makerfleld or Gars- wood Handicap, 7 lbs. ; of both these handicaps, 10 lbs. estra ; half a mile.
Mr. J. Henderson's br. {. Janet Pride, by lago, 3 years, 5 st. 10 lbs 1
Mr. Morris's b. m. Comfort, 5 years, 8 St. 10 lbs 2
Mr. Halford's br. c. Leamington, 3 years, 5 st. 10 lbs 3
Mr. Copeland's b. c. St. Dunstan, 3 years, 5 st. 10 lbs 4
Biron, L' Addis. Leyburn Lass, Chere Petite, and Jack Spring started, but not placed. 2 to 1 against Comfort, 4 to 1 against Janet Pride, and 6 to 1 against any other. Won by a length, the same between the second and third.
412
THE HOESE.
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Leamington's pekfoemances. 413
Wolverhampton, Monday, Aug. 11th, 185G— The Trial Stakes (handicap) of 5 bov. each, with 50 added ; 1 mile (11 subscribers).
Mr. Copelaud's St. Dunstan, 3 years, 5 st. 8 lbs 1
Mr. Stevens' Elfrida, 3 years, 5 st. 10 lbs. . . 2
Mr. Newcome's ch. c. Obscurity, 3 years, 5 st 3
Mr. E. Parr's Leamington, 3 years, 6 st .4
5 to 4 on Leamington, 3 to 1 against Elfrida, and 4 to 1 against St. Dunstan. Won by a half
length, a head between the second and third.
Same Meeting, Wednesday, Aug. 13th, 1850— The Wrotterby Stakes of 10 sov. each, h. ft., with 50 added, for two and three-year-olds ; half mile.
Mr. E. Parr's Leamington, 3 years, 8 st. 12 lbs 1
Mr. J. Dawson's Harrie, 2 years, 7 st. 2 lbs 3
Mr. Eastwood's f. by Chatham, 2 years, est. 12 lbs 3
Mr. Crump's Typhon, 3 years, 8 St. 12 lbs. 4
6 to 4 on Harrie, 5 to 2 against Typhon, and 10 to 1 against Leamington. Won by a head, the
same between the second and third ; Typhon lost start.
Warwick, Thursday, Sept. 4th, 1856— The Town Plate of 50 sov. added to a Handicap of 5 sov. each, 2 ft., for three-years-old, and upwards. The winner paid 10 sov. towards the altera- tion of the Course; one mile (21 subscribers).
Mr. E. Parr's br. c. Leamington, 3 years, 7 st. 8 lbs 1
Mr. T. Stevens' br. f. Elfrida, 3 years, 7 st. 2 lbs 2
Mr. J. Day's b. m. Octavia, aged, 8 st. 2 lbs. . . 3
Mr. Flintoff's br. h. Blossom, 5 years, 8 st. 9 lbs 4
Mr. Osbaldeston's b. t Lunelle, 3 years, 6 st. 10 lbs 5
Mr. Hughes' b. f. Breeze, 3 years, 7 st. 4 lbs 6
7 to 4 against Leamington, and 3 to 1 each against Octavia and Breeze. Won by three lengths, a bad third, the others close together.
Leicester, Thursday, Sept. 25th, 1856— The Scurry Handicap of 50 sov. added to a sweepstakes of 10 sov. each, 3 ft., if declared by the 9th Sept. The winner paid 3 sov. to the Racing- fund— half a mile (23 subscribers).
Mr. St. John's British Remedy, 3 years, 6 st. 4 lbs 1
Mr. E. Parr's Leamington, 3 years, 7 st. 3 lbs. ......... 2
Mr. Mills' Coal-black-Rose, 3 years, 5 st. 11 lbs 3
Six others started, but not placed.
7 to 4 against Breeze, 3 to 1 against Leamington, and 6 to 1 against British Remedy. Won by a length, a bad third.
Shrewsbury, Wednesday, Nov. 19th, 1856— The Corporative Plate, value 50 sov., added to a free Handicap of 5 sov. each, for all ages ; the second saved his stake, and the winner paid 10 BOV. towards expenses ; five furlongs (32 subscribers).
Mr. John Scott's Katharine Logie, 3 years, 7 st. 4 lbs 1
Mr. Howard's Strawberry, 2 years, 6 st. 1 lb 2
Mr. E. Parr's Leamington, 3 years, 7 st. 4 lbs 3
Eighteen others started, but not placed.
4 to 1 against Leamington and Baroda, 6 to 1 against Strawberry, 10 to 1 each against Blue Rock and Katherine Logie, 12 to 1 against Miss Harkaway, and 100 to 8 against British Remedy. Won by two lengths, a length between the second and third, a head between the third and fourth, Alfred fifth.
Same Meeting, Thursday, Sept. 20th, 1856— The Steward's Cup, value 50 sov., the gift of the Stewards, added to a free Handicap of 5 sov. each ; the second saved his stake, and the winner paid 10 sov. towards expenses ; one mUe (32 subscribers).
Mr. E. Parr's Leamington, 3 years, 7 st 1
Mr. Waller's Octavia, aged, 7 st. 4 lbs 2
Mr. Walker's Agra, 3 years. 6 st. 8 lbs 3
Mr. Leach's Prince's Mixture, 3 years, 0 st. 8 lbs. 4
414 THE IIOESE.
Seven others started, but not placed.
5 to 2 against Leamiugtou, and 3 to 1 against Palmoodie. Won by a length and a half, a neck each between the second, third, and fourth. St. Dunstan lost start.
Chester, Wednesday, May 6th, 1857— The Tradesmen's Plate or Chester Cup of 200 sov. in specie, added to a Handicap sweepstakes of 25 sov. each, 15 ft., and 5 only if declared on or before the 2d of February. The second received 50 sov. out of the slakes, and the winner paid 50 sov. towards expenses of the Judge, Starter, etc.. Cup Course, about two miles and a quarter (188 subscribers ; 70 of whom paid 5 sov. each).
Mr. F. Higgins' br. c. Leamington, 4 years, C st. 9 lbs 1
Mr. Hovrard's eh. c. Drumour, 3 years, 6 st. 3 lbs 3
Lord Ribblesdale's b. c. Dulcamara, 3 years, 5 st. 2 lbs 3
Thirty-two others started, but were not placed.
3 to 1 against Commotion, 6 to 1 against Leamington, 7 to 1 against Dulcamara, 14 to 1 against Turbit, 15 to 1 against Peeping Tom, 100 to 6 against Warlock, 20 to 1 against Eiseber, 25 to 1 each against Drumour, Gemma di Vergy, Pretty Boy, Zigzag, and Lance, 30 to 1 against Van Dunsk, 1000 to 15 against Alice Wentworth, and 1000 to 10 against Aleppo. Won by a neck, a length between the second and third, Riseber fourth, Pole Star fifth, and Lance next.
Ascot, Thursday, June 11th, 1857— The Gold Cup, by subscription of 20 sov. each, with 200 added from the fund ; three years old to carry 6 st. 10 lbs., four, 8 st. 5 lbs., five, 9 st sis and aged, 9 st. 3 lbs. ; m. and g. allowed 3 lbs. ; the owner of the second horse received 50 sov., out of the Stakes ; to start at the Cup post and go once round, about two miles and a half (33 subscribers).
Lord Zetland's b. c. Skirmisher, 3 years 1
Mr. John Eobson's br. c. Gemma di Vergy, 3 years 2
Mr. John Jackson's bl. c. Saunterer, 3 years 3
Mr. Snewing's b. m. Pole Star, 5 years 4
Pretty Boy, Tasmania, Winkfield, Wardennarske, Leamington, Eogerthorpe, Chevalier d'ln-
dustrie, and Warlock started, but were not placed. 4 to 1 against Skirmisher (oft'j, 11 to 2 against Wardermarske, 6 to 1 against Eogerthorpe, 7 to 1 against Gemma di Vergy, 8 to 1 against Pole Star, 15 to 1 each against Tasmania and Saunterer, 25 to 1 against Leamington, and 30 to 1 against Warlock. Won by a length and a half, a head between the second and third, and two lengths between the third and fourth. Eogerthorpe was fifth, and Chevalier d'Industrie sixth.
Goodwood, Wednesday, July 2Gth, 1857— The Goodwood Stakes of 25 sovs. each, 15 ft., and 5 if declared on or before the S3d of June; the second horse received 100 sovs. from the stakes. The winner paid 15 sovs. to the judge ; two miles and a half; (96 subscribers, 51 of whom paid 5 sovs. each.)
Mr. F. Higgins' br. c. Leamington, 4 years, 8 st. 0 lbs 1
Mr. Hawkins' b. c. Gunboat, 3 years, 6 st. 7 lbs 2
Mr. Grafton's br. c. Somerset, 3 years, 6 st. 4 lbs 3
Mr. M. Dennett's b. h. Hartley Buck, 5 years, 6 St. 5 lbs. 4
Fisherman, Pretty Boy, Aleppo, Sluggard, Van Dunck, Petocki, Homily, The Bird in the Hand, Martinet, Barfleur, Eloquence, Eosati, Paradin, Hobgoblin, and Birdcatcher colt, out of Maid of Mashem, started, but were not placed. 11 to 2 against Fisherman, 6 to 1 each against The Bird in the Hand and Hobgoblin, 9 to 1 againt Barfleur, 10 to 1 against Martinet, 100 to 7 each against Pretty Boy and Homily, 100 to 6 against Van Dunck, 20 to 1 each against Eosati and Aleppo, 25 to 1 each against Slug- gard, Petocki, and Gunboat, and 100 to 3 each against Somerset and Leamington. Won by a length, a bad third ; Fisherman was fifth.
Same Meeting— Friday, July 31st, 1857— The Chesterfield Cup (handicap), value 300 sovs., the rest in specie, by subscription of 15 sovs. each, for all ages (two-yeai"s-old excepted) ; the ■winner of the Goodwood Stakes, the Goodwood Cup, or Steward's Cup at Goodwood, 7 lbs. extra ; Craven Course (43 subscribers).
Leamington's peefokmances. 415
Mr. Howara'9 Comquot, 3 years, 6 st. 10 lbs 1
Mr. Saxon's b. f. Queen Bess, 3 years, 5 st. 8 lbs 2
Lord Exeter's Beechnut, 3 years, 6 st 3
LeamiBgton, 4 years, 9 st. 5 lbs., and fifteen others, started, but were not placed.
3 to 1 against Peeping Tom, 4 to 1 against Katherlne Logie, 8 to 1 against Leamington, 10 to 1
each against General Bosquet, Comqnot, and Malakoff, 100 to 8 each against Costwold and
Beechnut, 100 to 7 against Tricolor, 100 to 6 against Kestrel, and 20 to 1 against Claret.
Won- by three-quarters of a length, a length between second and third. Gen. Bosquet
fourth; Tricolor bolted.
Egham, Wednesday, Aug. 26th, 1857— Her Majesty's Plate of 100 guineas ; three-years-old, 8 St. 2 lbs., four, 9 st. 5 lbs., five, 9 st. 11 lbs., Bix and aged, 10 st. Two miles and a distance.
Mr. J. B. 8 larky' s Fisherman, 4 years 1
Mr. Hart'f? Winkfleld, G years 2
Mr. Mellish's Tame Deer, 4 years 3
Mr. Efiggins' Leamington, 4 years 4
Mr. B. Lane's br. g. Weatherglass, 3 years.
6 to 4 on Fisherman, and 5 to 2 against Leamington. Won in a canter by two lengths, a bad third. Weatherglass bolted soon after starting.
Newmarket, Tuesday, Oct. 12th, 1858— The Osesarewitch Stakes, a free handicap of 25 sovs. each, 15 ft., with 200 added by the Jockey Club, for three-years-old and upwards ; the second received 50 sovs. out of the stakes, and the winner paid 80 sovs. to the judge ; Osesarewitch Course (75 subscribers).
Mr. G. Lambert's ch. c. Rocket, 3 years, 6 st. 4 lbs. 1
Mr. Ten Broeck's Prioress, 5 years, 7 st. 9 lbs. 0
Mr. T. Hughes' br. g. The Brewer, 5 years, 7 st 0
Mr. E. Read's Satinstone, 3 years, 6 st. 3 lbs 4
Leamington, 5 years, 9 st. 4 lbs., and thirty others started, but were not placed. 9 to 2 against Prioress, 6 to 1 against Malacca, 14 to 1 each against Underhand and Rocket, 20 to 1 each against Beacon, Black Tommy, The English Rose, Janet, Fearful, and Zouave, 25 to 1 against Pretty Boy, 30 to 1 against Julia, 33 to 1 each against The Bird in the Hand and Melissa, 40 to 1 each against Poodle, Turned Loose, The Courier, and Physician, 50 to 1 each against Vandermulin, Mr. Sykes, and Bellona, and 1000 to 15 against any other. Won by a head, a dead heat for second place ; Satinstone beaten three lengths from the two.
Chester, Wednesday, May 4th, 1859— The Tradesman Plate, or Chester Cup, of 200 sovs. in specie, added to a handicap sweepstakes of 25 sovs. each, 15 ft., and 5 only if declared on or before the 1st of February ; the second received 50 sovs. out of the stakes, and the winner paid 50 sovs. towards expenses of the judge, starter, etc. Cup course about two mUes and a quarter (210 subscribers, 105 of whom paid 5 sovs. each).
Mr. F. Higgins' Leamington, C years, 8 St. 2 lbs 1
Sir. J. Thompson's br. c. Heme, 4 years, 6 st. 4 lbs 2
Sir L. Newman's br. f. Botany, 4 years, 5 St. 6 lbs 3
Mr. Ten Broeck's Prioress, 6 years, 7 st. 5 lbs. 4
Fisherman, 6 years, 9 st., and twenty-eight others started, but were not placed. 5 to 1 against Leamington, 8 to 1 against Royal Sovereign, 12 to 1 against Pole Star, 100 to 8 each against Master Bagot, Heme and The Brewer, 15 to 1 against Rosabel, 100 to 6 each against Underhand, Pensioner and Bankrupt, 25 to 1 each against Prioress and Qneens- tovm, 30 to 1 against Botany, 40 to 1 each against Satinstone, Harraton, and Wrestler, 50 to 1 each against Roman Candle, Cawood and Coroner, 1000 to 15 each against Lifeboat, Wil- ton, Ancient Briton and Raspberry, 1000 to 10 each against Mr. Sykes, Sam Spode, Roger- thorpe. Compromise, Thomhill, Rara Avis and Olympias. Won easily by two lengths, a length each between the second, thii-d and fourth ; Royal Sovereign was a bad fifth.
Ascot, Tuesday, Jun3 14th, 18.59— The gold vase, given by Her Majesty, added to a sweepstakes of 20 sov. each, for three-year-olds and upward ; two miles (11 subscribers).
416 THE HOESE.
Mr. W. Day's b. f. Schism, by Surplice, 3 years, fi st. 13 lbs 1
Mr. F. Iliggins' Leamington, 6 years, 9 st. 5 lbs 2
Mr. J. Rigby's b. h. Tournament, 5 years, 9 st. 3 lbs. Baron de Nivieres' cb. m. Miss Cath, 6 years, 7 st. 10 lbs. Mr. Sutton's hi. h. Black Tommy, 5 years, 9 st. 3 lbs. 5 to 2 on Leamington, 6 to 1 against Tournament, 8 to 1 against Miss Cath, and 10 to 1 against Schism. Won by two lengths, the same between the second and third.
Goodwood, Thursday, July 28th, 1859— The Goodwood Cup, value 300 sov., by Bubscription of 20 sov. each, with 100 added by the Racing-fund, the surplus (if any) to be paid in money ; the second received 100 sov. ; two miles and a half (42 subscribers).
Mr. W. Day's br. c. The Promised Land, 3 years, 7 st. 7 lbs 1
Mr. Rigby's ch. c. Newcastle, 3 years, 7 st. 7 lbs 2
Mr. R. Ten Broeck's b. m. Prioress, 6 years, 8 st. 6 lbs 3
Leamington, 6 years, 9 st. 10 lbs., Toxopholite, Mademoiselle de Chantilly, North Lincoln,
Marionette, Scent, Schism, Woodbine and Union Jacket started, but were not placed. 3 to 1 against the Promised Land, 7 to 2 against Leamington, 4 to 1 against Prioress, 7 to 1 against Union Jack, 8 to 1 against Toxopholite, 100 to 8 against Marionette, 100 to 7 against North Lincoln, and 100 to 6 against Newcastle. Won by six lengths, a bad third; North Lincoln, Scent and Schism next, beaten several lengths from the third.
Newmarket, Tuesday, October 11th, 1859— Mr. Merry's Saunterer, by Birdcatcher, 5 years, received ft. from Mr. Higgins' Leamington, 6 years, 10 st. each, Beacon Course, 200 each and the Whip.
SUMMAET OF LEAMINGTOn's PERFOEMANCES.
In 1855, started five times ; won two, lost three. £ s. d.
The Woodcote Stakes at Warwick 50 0 0
The Chesterfield Stakes at Derby .... ...... 140 0 0
Li 1856, started ten times ; won three, lost seven.
TheWrotterby Stakes at Wolverhampton 100 0 0
The Town Plate at Warwick 105 0 0
The Steward's Cup at Shrewsbury 200 0 0
In 1857, started five times ; won two, lost three.
The Chester Cup at Chester 2,595 0 0
The Goodwood Stakes at Goodwood 995 0 0
In 1858, started once ; lost once.
In 1859, started three times ; won once, paid forfeit once.
The Chester Cup at Chester , . . 2,645 0 0
Total wmnings £6,830 0 0
He started 24 times ; won 8, lost 16 ; paid forfeit once.
Leamington went to tlie stud in 18G0, and made the seasons of 1860, '61, '62, '63, '64 and '65 at Eawcliffe Paddocks. The first of his get appeared in 1 863, three of them running four races. 1864 he had thirteen winners, who won thirty-three races; 1865, eleven winners, who won fifteen races; 1866, four- teen winners, who won twenty-seven races ; 1867, fifteen winners,
IMPOKTED LEAMINGTON". 417
who won twenty-eight races; 18G8, ten winners, who won nine- teen races ; and in 18G9, five winners, who won nine races.
The following comprise some of his principal winners in England: Coup d'Etat, Catalogue, Procella, Tarlatan, Bella, Club Queen, Hark Forward, Lady of Coverdale, Lady Sefton, Lady Warwick, Leicester, Lemonade, Queen of Crystal, War- wick, Boleno, Fitzroy, Fortunatus, Lady Constance, Bird of Eve, Cheltenham, Cora, Foreign Stamp, Lady Eston, Rebecca, Ru- perra. Variation, Cataline, Esmeralda, Reltub, Scipio, Thankful, Avon, Belle of Warwick, Citron, Haymaker, Miss Theo, and Percussion.
Mr. E. W. Cameron, of Clifton Stud Farm, purchased Lea- mington after the season of 1865, from the Eawcliffe Company, for £1,575 pounds, and had him brought over the same season in the steamship Cella, from London. He made his first season in Kentucky, at the Bosque Bonita Stud Farm of General A. Buford, at $200. After the season in Kentucky, he was brought north, and stood the seasons '67, '68 and '69 at Clifton Stud Farm, Richmond county, N. Y. The fall of 1869 Mr. Cam- eron sold him to Mr. A. Welch, Chestnut Hills, Philadelphia. He made the present season of 1870 in Mr. Welch's name at Patterson, K Y. While the property of Mr. Cameron, he was limited to twenty-five mares, but in no season since his arrival in this country has he served that number. During the past season we learn that he has not served more than five thorough- bred mares. He made the season of 1866 at $200, '67 and '68 at $300, '69 at $250, and the past season of 1870 at $200.
We doubt whether any horse ever imported to America has sired such a list of winners from a first season as Leamington, out of the same number of mares. Everything by him that has been tried can race. From his season in Kentucky we have Enquirer, Lynchburg, Littleton, Longfellow, Miss Alice and Anna Mace. We look upon Enquirer as one of the best three- year-olds ever foaled in this country, and while we write, the telegraph flashes the success of Littleton and Longfellow, two noble sons, at Lexington, Kentucky. It seems a pity to keej) so valuable a horse in this region, where he is so poorly patronized. He should be removed to Kentucky or Tennes- see, where the success of Enquirer, Littleton and Longfellow Vol. L— 27
418 THE HORSE.
would secure patronage worthy of the horse and his breeding. "We had occasion to commend tliis horse in the very highest manner as early as 1860, five years before his importation, and before his reputation as a stallion was even made in England. From his extraordinary qualities as a horse, crossed upon Lex- ington mares, we firmly believe that his produce will make a new era in the American turf, both in time, quality and useful- ness of the blood horse.
COMPAEATIYE ESTIMATE
SPEED, BOTTOM, POWERS AND V.\LUE OF BRITISH AND AMERICAN RACERS, IN THE PRESENT AND PAST CENTURY.
Theee has been now, for several years, a general if not preva- lent opinion, sustained by many persons, not merely lauda- tores temporis acti — arguing, however, on theory rather than on experience, and founding their arguments on facts, in them- selves questionable, and assumed on little more than mere ru- mor— that the modern race-horse has degenerated, both in speed and stoutness, from his renowned English ancestry ; and sec- ondly, that the tendency of modern breeding — or as, at least, one writer terms it, too thorough breeding — ^lias been to en- courage speed at the expense of bottom, and so to detract detri- mentally from the stanchness and endurance of the modern race-horse ; and, lastly, that by tlie system of training young, and running short courses, tlie English race-horse has fallen be- hind its American descendant in the ability to run long dis- tances.
The first of these assumptions, that the race-horse of the nineteenth century, whether English or American, has degen- erated from the famous worthies of the eighteenth, and if so, whether young training and short racing are the causes of such degeneracy, are matters well worthy of consideration.
Tliat of the comparative qualities of the English and Ameri- can race-horse, is less so, and only so at all, inasmuch as it is connected with the different systems of training and running
420 THE nOKSE.
adopted in the two countries. Tliis question, moreover, can hardly be tested satisfactorily, so different are all the conditions of the turf here and there, as regards "weight, distance, and me- thod of riding, and so imperfectly understood, even now, is the influence of weight, on the same horse, as against time — timing itself being still but little practised, and until lately wholly dis- used and uncomprehended as a test, on British race-courses.
The general assumption of degeneracy rests mainly on the stories — "•wonderful tales," as " Cecil" justly calls them, which have been related concerning Flying Childers and Eclipse, of both which undeniably good and unbeaten horses it is com- monly asserted and as commonly believed, that they ran a mile in a minute, there being not a shadow of evidence to the point, but directly the reverse, and it being all but demonstrable that the feat is a physical impossibility.
" These wonderful tales," — I proceed to quote at length from " Cecil," who has gone deeply into this subject, and, to my idea, entirely disposed of the question, — " like the snowball, have in- creased in their progress ; therefore a brief digression is neces- sary to unfold these romantic conceptions. It is related that he gave Fox twelve pounds over the Beacon Course, and beat him a quarter of a mile in a trial. Every racing man would natu- rally inquire if Fox could not have got nearer at the end, and few indeed would place much reliance on trials without substantial evidence to corroborate reports. It is also said, that he ran a trial against Almanzor and Brown Betty, nine stone two each," aliter, he carrying 9 stone 21bs., they, 8 £«'one 21bs., each — over the Hound Course at ISTewmarket, three miles, six furlongs, and ninety- three yards, which distance, according to many accounts in print, " he ran in 6m, 40s." — aliter 6m. 42s. — " to perform which," it is farther absurdly stated, " he must have moved at the rate of eighty-two and a half feet in a second of time, or nearly at the rate of one mile in a niinuteP The inaccuracy of this is patent. If a horse moved at the rate described he would get over the ground in a trifle less than four minutes and a half. Ko horse that ever was foaled ever w^ent at the pace spoken of. The rate of fifty feet in a second is very great, and more than the average pace required to run the distance of the Beacon Course, four miles one furlong and one hundred and thirty-eight
ECLIPSE AND CHILDEES. 421
yards, in seven minutes and a lialf, wliich Childers is also re- ported to have done. To prove still farther, if it "were needed, the utter absurdity of the mile in a minute, or eighty-two feet and a half in a second, story, it only need be stated that twenty- three feet is the full average stride of the best horses at speed, and consequently, that to cover eighty-two and a half feet in a second, the horse must gather and extend itself within a fraction of four times, a physical impossibility, in a second.
"After all the high-flown panegyrics," continues Cecil, " concerning the racing exploits of this horse in public — the only trials worthy of credence — they were confined to the win- ning two matches, for the first of which at six years old, carry- ing 8 stone 5 lbs. each — 119 lbs. — he beat Speedwell, a gelding of equivocal celebrity. The distance was four miles. For the second, when seven years old, he beat Chanter, twelve years old, six miles. He was engaged in three other matches, for which he received forfeit." Xo time, it is observable, is on rec- ord as to his public running; a circumstance, which, to say the least, throws a doubt on that related to have been made on his trials.
Granting, however, that the timing of Childers' race over the Beacon, 4m. Ifg. 138 yds., or in other words four miles, 358 yards, is correctly stated at 7m. 30s., by deducting the ex- cess of 358 yards, we find, by the simple rule of three, that he would have done his four miles in Tm. 19s., or within a fraction of the same time it took Lexington to run his four miles against time, in public, and bets paid, which established the time. I do not find the weight carried by Childers in this trial to have been recorded, but taking it to have been the same as that with which he ran over the Round Course, viz., 8 stone 5 lbs. or 119 lbs., and his age to have been six years, the time is not in excess of Lexington's race, even at Southern low weights.
Firetail is said to have run a mile in 1772 in one minute and four seconds, but there is no authentic record of races kept of this date, and the fact may safely be denied, on the grounds above shown, in regard to physical impossibility.
Concerning Eclipse's real powers, no correct estimate can possibly be formed, nor was formed at the time, since, tliongh he ran against all the best horses of his day, and always beat
432 THE HORSE.
them with ease carrying enormous weights — ^he won ten king's plates with twelve stone, or 168 lbs. on his back — he was never put to his speed, nor was his time ever kept.
He was undoubtedly a marvellous animal, both as a racer and in the stud, having begot one hundred and thirty winners, who brought their owners more than £160,000 exclusive of cups, and that, it must be remembered, at a time when great races were few, and the vast prizes of the present day unknown.
In December, 1Y86, Mr. Hull's Quibbler ran twenty-three miles round the flat, at Kewmarket, in fifty-seven minutes. It does not clearly appear whether this is to be understood as be- ing a straight race, without an intermission, or as an aggregate of heats ; probably, however, it refers to a single unbroken ef- fort.
If it were done, at heats, the speed would be nothing re- markable, nor the stoutness.
Twelve miles were made by Henry and Eclipse in 1823, in an aggregate of three heats, in 23m. 50|s. over the Union Course ; and twenty miles, in an aggregate of five heats, by Black Maria, beating Lady Belief, Trifle and Slim, in 41m. 40s.
Considered as a single gallop, it was highly creditable, but when we have seen twenty miles trotted within the hour, we cannot regard it as so extraordinary, nor can we doubt that it could be easily beat, at the present day, by any one of a dozen race-horses on the American or English Turf.
Tims far, therefore, there are no grounds whatever for be- lieving that the modern race-horse has in any sense degener- ated from the worthies of the turf of the olden time, even if we admit, as satisfactorily established — which we are, however, far from doing — the remarkable trials, above cited, disallowing of course the fabulous myths, which have only obtained with the vulgar, and never had the smallest credit with racing men, or others really acquainted with the powers of the horse, of miles run in a minute and the like.
Supposing Childers to have, in fact, run the Beacon Course in the time stated, or at the rate of four miles in 7m. 19s., and the Round Course in 6m. 42. — which would be at the rate of four miles, in about 7m. 5s. — although the speed would be ex- traordinary, I may say marvellous, even at the extremely low
WEIGHT AND TIME. 423
weight of 119 lbs. for a six-jear-old, which is a pound more than Southern weight — the perfect facility with which he and his successor Eclipse ran away from every thing that encountered them, demonstrates, that their superiority to all horses of their own day, was as great or greater than it would be to our racers of 1856.
But as I have said before, there is no evidence of this speed, as described, even of these phenomena ; much less any pretence, that such speed was common to all horses of the day. Far from it. A writer in the London old Sporting Mag., in 1840, in an ar- ticle republished in "VVm. T. Porter's American Turf Register, Yol. XL p. 326, and written avowedly to prove that Eclipse and Flying Childers were the best horses that ever went " on four pas- terns," asserts that were the latter alive now he would " easily beat the best racers of the present day, a quarter of a mile in a four- mile race," founding this assumption on a fact, or what he asserts to be a fact, tliat the Beacon Course has never, since, been run in shorter time, than it was by Hambletonian and Diamond, in 1799 ; or the Round Com*se in better, than by Alonzo and Or- ville, in 1802. And these second best time races he sets re- spectively at 45, and 32s., worse, than those of Childers as stated above.
But adding 45s. to Tm. 19s., the rate at which Childers is said to have run four miles over the Beacon track, and we get 8m. 4s. for the time of Hambletonian and Diamond ; and add- ing 32s. to 7m. 5s. — the rate at which the Round Course would have been done, if protracted to four miles, according to the time in which he is stated to have run over it, against Alman- zor and Brown Betty, we get 7m. 37s., as the time of Alonzo and Orville.
These were, moreover, both single dashes, not heat races, and, therefore, do not tell so decisively.
It is unnecessary to say to American sjjortsmen, that the time of the first race, 8m. 4s., for a first heat, is simply no time at all, nor has been so considered, in the United States, for the last thirty years ; and that 7m. 37^s., though it was thought great, in 1823, when done by Henry, has now fallen altogether into the shade, in 1856.
In considering this point, I have of course drawn my com-
424 THE IIOESE,
parisons between the races of tliose old celebrities, and tlie sim- ilar races of American horses of the present day, because, through the altered mode of public running lately adopted in England, stoutness and bottom being there tested by heavy weights and shorter distances, run nearly at the score from end to end, it is impossible to measure them directly against the present win- ners of English stakes.
I do not wish to enter invidiously into any question of su- periority or inferiority between English and American horses. If there be,,any advantage, it arises — can arise— only from the influences of climate and the different modes of training, &c., the blood being, as I have shown, identical.
But I must — in order to show, what I believe to be true, that the English no more than the American racer, of 1800, has fallen below his ancestry, of 1700, in the ability to endure, and to run long and repeated races, if it were required of him — en- deavor to sliow briefly, wherefore I do not yield the palm of bottom in running distances, any more than in carrying weight, or in speed, to the improved modern race-horse of the United States over the improved modern racer of England.
In the first place, if the racing field no longer show blood- horses under the same conditions of long distances, and those repeated at intervals, the hunting field which, in fast countries, is supplied altogether by thoroughbreds, since no others can go the pace, or go the distance, with welter weights on their backs, across fences and through dirt and clay often hock-deep — does exhibit such horses, under precisely such conditions, in even greater numbers and with more even results, than ever did four, or even six-mile heat races, on either side the Atlantic. A thoroughbred, which will carry 15 stone, or 210 lbs, through two bursts of six or seven miles each — with an interval of an hour between them, not devoted to rubbing down, drying off*, and recruiting, but to crossing the country slowly, w^hile the hounds are drawing — respectively in 25 and 30 minutes, taking perhaps a hundred rasping fences, or large brooks in the course of each burst, and going over every sort of bad and broken ground, often hock-deep in greasy ploughland, or fetlock-deep in what is worse, sticky turf, would, one might say, have little difiiculty in running over a sound hard course, with less than
osbaldeston's match. 435
half the weight on his back, double the distance, in half the time named or even -nder half, if there be any semblance of truth in the modern theory of weight, and its influence on speed. Ac- cording to the old dictum, that seven pounds is equal to a dis- tance of 120 yards, in a four-mile race, as between equal horses, ninety-two pounds, or the difference between 15 stone and 118 lbs., Southern six-year-old weight, would be equal to at least one mile in four, if both animals were ridden over the same course, or the same country.
The training, moreover, of thoroughbreds for the hunting- field is exceedingly similar, in all respects, to that of racers for four-mile heats ; except that, probably, the former are com- monly somewhat higher in flesh ; though I think I have seen horses start, on the Union Course, quite as full of flesh as I have ever seen a thoroughbred hunter in ISTorthampton or Leicester- shire.
What is true of the hunter, is no less, but far more, true of the steeple chaser, who is invariably thoroughbred — if he be not, he has not a chance of being any where — and who is put carrying heavy man-weight, to perform the severest, most tiy- ing, most exhausting and cruellest exertions, for which horse- flesh can be called upon.
In proof of what I have here put forward, we will cast a glance at the most remarkable match against time that has been ridden within the memory of man, I mean that of Osbaldeston, to ride two hundred miles, within ten hours, over the Newmar- ket Round course, in 1831 — a feat which he performed in 7h. 19m. 4s. — or adding Ih. 22m. 56s. for stoppages, in 8h. 42m.
In this match Mr. Osbaldeston weighed 11 stone, or 154 lbs. — it is not clearly stated whether this is net weight, or includes his saddle — and rode twenty-eight horses — all of them, of course, thoroughbreds, though not one of any previous celeb- rity, or standing on the turf as racers of reputation, dividing the distance into four-mile heats, for his own convenience and the facility of changing.
Nineteen of the twenty-eight he rode more than once. Six- teen performed two heats each, and averaged their four miles in 8m. 30s., with an infinitesimal fraction, two of them falling lame, and the weather being extremely bad throughout, and
436 THE HOKSE.
against speed. Considering all things, the weight they carried, and the fact that none of them were above third or fourth- rate horses, the average is creditable, and looks little like degeneracy.
If third and fourth-rates can average 8m. 30s., with 154 lbs. on their backs, what would first-rates, such as Plenipotentiary, Harkaway, Euphrates, Venison, Catherina, Beeswing, Alice Hawthorn, Surplice, Flying Dutchman, and such cracks, have done with 99 lbs., the weight they would have carried, on the Northern courses, at their ages ? Something, to reason only by the fairest analogy, not very easy to be beaten, as a child might answer. One, Skirmisher, he rode three heats, making bad time enough, averaging only 9m. 3s., but it should be observed, that he was the last horse ridden when the match was won, and the rider, beside that he had no occasion to hurry, in all proba- bility pretty well tired.
The hero of the day, however, was Tranby, by Blacklock, who performed four heats, in the following gallant style : — First, 8.10 ; second, 8 ; third, 8.19 ; fourth, 8.50. Total of six- teen miles, under 154 lbs., 33.19 ; which was, and justly was, considered prodigious proof of bottom and courage. *
Tranby was subsequently imported to America, solely on account of his performance in this very match, as being consid- ered precisely the horse to get four-milers. He proved, how- ever, a source of disappointment, for few of his stock did any thing of consequence, and none proved superior. The same thing has occurred with other celebrated horses, as has been instanced before, in the cases of Catton in England, and Chateau Margaux in this country, neither of which produced descend- ants worthy of their great renown. Chateau, however, had served two hundred mares in a single season, before his impor- tation, and I doubt not that his vigor was affected by this ille- gitimate excess. '
"We will now view this subject in another light, which, I think, confutes yet more conclusively the idea alluded to above, and which " Cecil," from whom I quote the following, puts with great plausibility and force. He is writing of the year 1852 : —
" According to the racing Calendar, and other periodicals, there are one hundred and seven stallions. Some of these ought not to be used in the stud, because the}^ are possessed of
* See Note * on page 443.
PKOGKESS m BREEDING.
427
infirmities likely to be inherited by tlieir progeny ; but tlieir number is not so great as might be imagined, and to individual- ize them would be impolitic. It must be understood, there are many other stallions, in all probability more than a similar number, of inferior character, whose services are confined to rural districts, where they are patronized by farmers, which are not included in this estimate, numbers of which would not pass muster with breeders of race-horses, and ought not to be al- lowed to perpetuate their species among any classes ; but tliey are seldom advertised beyond their respective localities, and are still more rarely the progenitors of thoroughbred stock. From the number of stallions already enumerated, about half the foals of the year are the ofispring of thirty sires, favorites on account of their superior lineage, their successful performances on the turf, or honorable distinction in the stud.
" The following table supports proof of the progress made in the speculation of breeding, by giving the number of races won by the stock of fourteen horses of celebrity, in the years 1825 and 1852," the interval being a trifle more than a quarter of a century.
1S25.
Comus, 21
FilhodaPuta, . . . .17
Phantom, 17
Ardrossan, 13
Catton, 12
Rubens 12
Whalebone, 12
Whisker, 10
Blacklock 9
Bourbon, 9
Partisan, 9
Soothsayer, 9
Walton, 9
Octavian, 9
168
1852. Lanercost, . . . . .35
Birdcatcher, 29
Touchstone, 26
Venison, 20
Cotherstone, 17
Faugh a Ballagh, . . . .15
Orlando, 13
Slane, 13
Don John, 12
Bay Middleton, .... 12
Epirus, 11
Pantaloon, . . . - .10
Melbourne, 10
Alarm, 9
232
"Thus we find, that in the former years there were 168, and in the latter 232 winners, the progeny of an equal number of horses. Surely this afl'ords an argument in favor of the stout- aess and constitution of horses of modern days."
428 THE HOESE.
It is not easy in the United States to obtain full statistics of tliis nature, owing to the vast extent of territory over which the race-meetings are scattered, that extent yearly increasing, and the great number of courses and Jockey Clubs existing, all independent each of the other, which render it a work of endless toil to hunt np the numbers of winners got by any par- ticuhar stallion, or number of stallions ; I have been so fortu- nate, Jiowever, as to fall ujDon the following facts concerning Medoc, a horse of very fair and honest, though not first-rate, running reputation in this country, in 1833, and shall presently proceed to give similar statements concerning others of our most distinguished stallions.
Medoc begot, in the three years 1838, '39 and '40, respec- tively, 18, 48, and 49 winners, at all distances, from one to four- mile heats, and in the latter year thirty-three of his get won 64 races, ran 30G miles, and won $26,000.
But to return to " Cecil's " observations on the comparative stoutness of ancient and modern English racers. — " In the first portion," he proceeds, " of these remarks, it was mentioned that an opinion has been promulgated with much industry, and supported with equivalent zeal, that our horses have degen- erated, compared with those of our ancestors, in stoutness or endurance in running a distance ; that they are incapable of bearing fatigue ; that tliey are deficient in constitutional stam- ina, the ability to carry weight, and that they are subject to hereditary diseases, especially roaring. In evidence of these arguments, the performances of two horses, worthies of ancient date, the one called Black Chance, the other the Carlisle Geld- ing, have been extolled in the warmest terms. To arrive at correct conclusions, the most satisfactory course will be that of making comparisons, from indisputable data, between the per- formances of the horses said to have possessed superiority over their descendants. The mere declaration of opinion, unaccom- panied by proof, is not suflicient on this occasion. For the sake of brevity, and to render each item capable of ready com- parison, a tabular form is chosen, in which the performances of the most celebrated horses of the early part of the eighteenth century, are placed in juxtaposition wdth an equal number of more recent date. The selection of the Carhsle Gelding and
SUPEEIOKITT OF MODERN RACERS.
429
Black Chance is suggested, in consequence of their having been brought forward as specimens of superiority over any horses of the modern days."
It will be seen by the table alluded to, and here subjoined, that the five modern horses have in every respect the advan- tage. They began to train from two to four years younger ; they ran more races, and more miles, and — with one exception — they saw more years service on the turf, than the worthies of the olden time.
This, added to the above record of stock, ought to settle the question.
|
to a « |
o |
-►J o |
o 3 |
B ^ m a o a |
1 O 3 "a |
to g 1' |
a o a 3 |
||
|
Carlisle Gelding... Cinderwench Black Chance Arthur O'Bradley. |
5 unk'wn 5 5 6 3 3 2 2 2 |
25 13 25 15 4 42 46 40 16 79 |
9 9 5 10 6 57 35 44 5 98 |
34 22 30 25 10 99 81 84 21 177 |
160 98 172 112 36 1531 140^ 96 51 300 |
68 94 40 72 38 1544- 91f u 283 |
228 192 212 184 74 308i 232 185i 60i 583 |
13* 5 lot 4 4 10 11 10 3 10 |
1731 1735 1746 1749 1749 1828 1834 1835 1837 1841 |
|
Euphrates |
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Liston Independence Venison |
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Catherina |
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"Persons who are conversant with racing are well aware that it is impossible to form decided opinions concerning the Buperiority of horses, without running them in public, or trying them in private, Avith the most scruj)ulous exactness. As it is impossible to form positive opinions of contemporaneous horses till they have been tried, it would be ridiculous to hazard an opinion on the merits of horses in a race of any given dis- tance of the early part of the last century, as compared with those of modern days, unless there appeared to be a vast dis- parity between them. Considering the points at issue, there is no difficulty in deciding on the majority of those qualities, tvhich give evidence of stoutness, endurance, constitutional
* Did not run in the years 1720, 1725, or 1726. f Did not run in 1743.
430 THE HORSE.
stamina, and capability of bearing fatigue. As to hereditary diseases, we have no data whatever upon which any opinion can be formed. The arguments which have been brought for- ward in favor of horses of olden times, with the Carlisle Geld- ing, and Black Chance, as examples, require some little detail to confute. It has been asserted that ' the former had no rival in carrying all degrees of weights, in supporting heats, travel- ling, and constant running, and this maintained to an age sel- dom heard of.' In searching the calendars, for the purpose of forming tables of performances, it was found that this horse ran on several occasions for selling stakes, at prices varying from eighty to twenty sovereigns — his value, therefore, was not high- ly estimated. Many persons imagine selling stakes are modern inventions, but they were in effect in the early part of the last century. On four occasions only this horse carried twelve stone — 168 lbs. In a general way he carried light weights, varying from eight stone five to nine stone — 117 to 126 lbs. Thirteen of his engagements were matches, and all racing-men know full well that winning matches depends more on the judg- ment of the match-maker, than the intrinsic goodness of the horse. An animal that has been often beaten, cannot with pro- priety be aggrandized by the title of ' unrivalled.'
" The eulogist of the Carlisle Gelding has been equally ardent in admiration of Black Chance, concerning whom he falls into great discrepancies, which, however, it is not worth while to enumerate, with the exception of one mistake. Among other races won in 17-40, is included one at Oswestry, where he is stated to have carried thirteen stone — 182 lbs. There is no record in the Racing Calendar of his ever carrying more than twelve stone. He more frequently ran with ten, and sometimes with only nine.
" ' Arthur O'Bradley,' says Mr. ^. H. Smith in his well known ' Observations on Breeding for the Turf,' ' won as many plates as almost any other horse ever did, at both high and low weights, and may be justly said to be the best horse of his time.' He is, therefore, a fit subject for comparison. "When his performances are placed against those of Euphrates, Liston, and Independence, they fall into the shade. Babraham is in- troduced more in consequence of his subsequent worth in the
VENISON, 431
stud, than for liis performances on the turf ; in the former ca- pacity he was far distinguished above the average of his con- temporaries. This also serves as an example, of which there are many modern instances, that a horse having won a great num- ber of races is not invariably the most successful in his pro- geny ; a horse that has won a moderate number of races, beating known good ones, is generally the most eligible to breed from. It is very generally considered that training horses to run at so early an age as two or even three years old, must be injurious to them ; that their joints and sinews wanting maturi- ty, must suffer and give way, consequently their racing career must be abbreviated. The means nowadays adopted \vith foals, from their infancy, are calculated very essentially to ob- viate the effects of early training ; the kind of food with whicli they, and also their dams are supplied, has the effect of produ- cing early development, added to the almost imperceptible gi-adations of exercise which they are required to perform ; these are subjects, which were unknown to our forefathers, but they will be more fully discussed hereafter. The impression that this custom shortens the term of a horse's racing career, will lose ground on reference to the table already given, which shows that out of five horses of modern times three commenced their running at two years old, and the others at three.
" Their continuance on the turf, fully equals that of their ancestors, with the exception of Yenison, whose three-year-old performances were so superlatively excellent as to render him worthy of especial notice. At that age he won twelve races, many of them at long distances, including five king's plates. Vans and railways not being in vogue, he travelled on foot 900 miles in the course of the year to perform his engagements. He ran third to Bay Middleton and Gladiator for the Derby, and I perfectly remember the remark made by his trainer, Mr. John Day, on the morning previous to the race. ' I have a good horse,' said he, ' and it must be a very good one to beat him.' Although Bay Middleton proved himself a better horse on that occasion, the subsequent running of Venison, thoroughly justified the estimate his trainer liad formed of him. In the stud he attained still greater eminence, being the sire of Alarm, Cari- boo, the Ugly Buck, Vatican, Buckthorn, Kingston, Joe Miller,
432 THE HORSE.
Ticton, besides many otliers of good repute. In his running he evinced tlie most indomitable stoutness and soundness of consti- tution ; inestimable qualities, which he transmitted to his stock. He died when rising twenty years old, in December, 1852.
" Regulus is worthy to be mentioned as a horse of great re- pute in his time. At six years old he commenced by winning a plate of £50. In the same year he won six king's plates, and w^alked over for another ; when seven years old, he again won a king's plate, which finished his career on the turf. But the career of Yenison must be esteemed more brilliant, especially if his age be taken into consideration. Like Babraham, Eegu- lus was the progenitor of many valuable horses, and his blood is to be found in many studs of the present day. This affords another illustration of the remark recently made, ' that a horse having won a great number of races is not invariably the most successful in his progeny.' "
Tlie remarks, which follow on Euphrates, Liston, and Inde- pendence, in the admirable little volume from which I have (pioted, though full of information and practical knowledge and utility to the breeder of racing stock, are not of sufiicient in- terest in this point of the question to render it advisable to ex- tract them ; not so those concerning Catherina, and the conclu- sions which are drawn from the facts adduced ; for all these are invaluable, and as I have said, to my mind most conclusive, as to the superiority of the modern race-horse, not merely as a racer, both for speed, stoutness, and endurance both of weight and distance, but as to his capability of getting hunters, carriage- horses, cavalry-chargers ; animals, indeed, of every quality, ex- cept that needed for the heaviest draught, immeasurably supe- rior, in all points of blood, courage and service, either to his own immediate ancestors, or to their common progenitor, the Oriental horse, whether Turk, Barb, or Arab proper.
"Although last on the list, Catherina stands prominently conspicuous for her performances. When the ability to carry weight is brought forward, this good, honest creature must be introduced as a worthy example. She ran and won, on many occasions, with twelve stone — 1G8 lbs. — on her back, and de- feated Confederate at York, each carrying fourteen stone — 196 lbs. ; and, Confederate having previously gained distinction at
CATHERINA. 433
liigli -weights, Catherina's victory was not a vague honor of beating a competitor of unknown merit."
It is a matter greatly to be regretted, that the distance at which this prodigious weight was carried in victoriously by a race-horse, and the time in which the feat was performed, is not given,-'' It is not in my power to supply either deficiency. The latter, probably, cannot be supplied ; as, except in extraor- dinary cases, and then generally by American sportsmen, who chance to be present on the courses, time is rarely taken — or so taken, as to be relied on for its correctness — in English races.
This and the irregular length of the principal races, as the Leger, Derby, T. Y. C, Beacon Course, Round Course, Good- wood-cup and Drawing-room Stakes Courses, none of which consist of a certain number of full miles, but of miles and fractional parts of a mile, render all comparison between the merits of English and American horses difficult and embarrass- ing, if not impossible.
" It seldom happens," Cecil proceeds, " that a mare which has been kept in training many years, however superior her performances, has conferred the same high character on her pro- duce, and as yet Catherina is not an exception. Alecto, her dam, was a tolerably good mare, but by no means first-rate. She was sold at four years old by Mr. Houldsworth, who bred her, and her subsequent owner confined her engagements princi- pally to running for country plates, very much in fashion at the time ; she won several of them, but never betit horses of high repute. She ran frequently, in 1827, when in foal, and the result was a colt by Banker, which was never trained. In 1829 she missed to Whisker, and the following year gave birth to Ca- therina. This circumstance is somewhat remarkable, for it very rarely occurs that mares having been trained and raced so se- verely ever produce foals, until they have enjoyed at least five or six years repose ; it confirms the assertion, that there are no positive rules for the guidance of breeders. The list of horses which have gained celebrity, by very frequent running, may be brought forward to the present day with good effect, and, with the exception of Catherina, their performances are equal to those already noticed. Clothworker, Rataplan, Virago, cum multis aliis^'' in which distinguished position I shall take it on myself * In the Racing Calendar for 1836, this race is given, and stated to be two mOea.
Vol. I.— 28
434 THE HOUSE.
to include BecBwing and Alice Hawthorn, " claim distinguished position on the scroll of fame.* When comparing the j^erform- ances of race-horses, it is not customary to compute the aggre- gate distances which thej may run in their various races, and with contemporaries contending for races, for which the distances are nearly equal, it would afford no criterion ; but in this case it is a different affair. The object is to determine whether tlie allegation is well founded, that the horses of the olden time were superior to those of the present day in point of stoutness, sound- ness, and constitutional stamina, and the ability to endure fre- quent running. A reference to the table of performances al- ready given sets that question at rest. The total number of races won by horses of modern times is also greatly in excess, and taking these two circumstances into consideration, the palm of merit for soundness, capability for frequent running, and stout- ness, must be awarded to them. Every owner of race-horses and every tr^amer knows full well^ that frequently running mode/rate distances tries the legs, and detects infirmities more un- equivocally, than occasionally rxiniiing long distances. It is a very general remark, that the old-fashioned distances of four miles have been reduced. That is true ; but they have not all been so materially shortened as not to afford good horses op- portunities for distinction. It cannot be denied but that there are a vast number of races at short distances, yet there are also many two miles and upwards, and many three miles. The vic- tories of the best horses of the present day are most decisive at long distances, and they in turn passing from the course to the stud, still maintain their position as favorites. Two miles will determine the lasting powers of a horse, if the pace be true from end to end. It has been clearly proved that the horses of mod- ern times are superior to those of our forefathers on the points already named ; but whether our best racers could beat Flying Childers, Regulus, Eclipse, Highflyer, and other worthies of that time, is a question that cannot be decided ; neither does it appear very important for practical purposes. On the capability of horses running distances, there are some mistaken notions touching the customs of our forefathers, and from the fact of their races in general being four miles, it is conceived that their horses were more capable of running those distances, than those
* Fishermau and Caller On might be added to the above with great propriety.
INFEEIORITY OF THE OLD EACEES. 435
we now possess. It is an inference, but nothing more. When their horses ran their four-mile heats, they did not on all occa- sions go their best pace throughout ; and it may be doubted whether the majority of the races which were run, in 1754, were so well calculated to try the lasting powers of horses, as many of the races which took place in 1854."
Thus far " Cecil," and thus far conclusively. I, however, aspire to go farther, and contend, that — although it be not sus- ceptible of mathematical demonstration that Eclipse, Flying Childers, Regulus, Highflyer and others were not faster than the best modern horses — there is no earthly reason for suppos- ing that they were so, but rather the reverse. Dismissing, as the merest vulgar fables, the mile-in-a-minute stories, I have already shown that the other recorded time-trials of Flying Childers, even if granted to be true, are not so marvellous or so far beyond the reach of modern racers, as seems generally to be held.
But these were only secret trials, and reliance cannot be placed upon them. In fact, it is exceedingly doubtful to me, whether in the days of Flying Childers, there were watches in existence by which seconds could be stopped and counted with accuracy. At all events, it is clear that the whole reputation of these so-styled phenomena, rests on their extraordinary superiority to all the horses of their own day. But the moment that it is established, as " Cecil " has, I think, clearly established it, that the general run of horses of that day were intinitely inferior to the general run of horses of this, in all the points wherein they most strenuously claimed superiority ; the ease with which they were beaten by the few true racers of the day is readily accounted for — and the lact that they were easily beaten confers no such extraordinary renown, nor presupposes the necessity of any such superior powers in the victors.
Again, as to the four-mile-heat races, I deny utterly the superiority of the horse of the olden time to the modern, in this species of sport, as I do in all the other qualities necessary to constitute a first-rate animal.
It is not only an inference, and nothing more ; but it is an nference resting on nothing, and contrary to all analogy.
It will not be denied, that in the United States four-mile-
436 THE H0K8E.
lieat racing lias been practised to a greater extent, at gi'eater recorded and j)Ositively established sjpeed^ and with greater proof of endurance of fatigue, than it ever has been elsewhere, either in the olden time or in the present day,
Now, the American four-mile-heat racer is, in fact, nothing more than an unmixed descendant of these very same worthies of the olden day, and next akin to, where he is not actually the son of, some one or other of these despised modern horses of England, which, it is absurdly said, are degenerate.
It may be said that the same infei'ence is here deducible as before, namely, that because four-mile-heat races are run in America and are not run in England, therefore, the American race-horse is, and the English is not, capable of running four- mile-heat races.
I reply, that this, also, is an inference resting on nothing, and contrary to analogy, and I proceed to show, wherefore ;
Twenty years, or over, when lirst I landed in the United States, timing being at that time wholly unknown in Great Britain, it was asserted and universally believed in this country, that, because the English did not time their horses on the turf, the English horses could not bear timing; which would, it was argued, disclose their inferiority, in point of speed, to the race- horse of this country.
After awhile, a few American gentlemen accustomed to timing, and having stop-watches of the best construction, in a word " to the manner born," kept the time of a St, Leger and Derby or two, and tlien the fact came out, that, on several of these occasions, the English horses ran quicker under heavy weights than the best American horses under light ones.
Gradually, and reluctantly, it came to be, and has of late been usually admitted, that the time of the best English horses, under heavy weights and at short distances, is quite equal, if not superior, to that of the best horses here. For example, in Yol, XI,, American Turf Eegister, I find the following passage ;
" Nothing is so interesting to American turfmen as to ascer- tain the exact time in which the English race-horse performs a given distance. We have a memorandum before us, made by an American gentleman, who attended the recent Liverpool
ENGLISH RACE COURSES. 437
July meeting, in regard to the time made by Lord Westminster's Sleight-of-Hand, by Pantaloon, who won the Tradesman's Cuid this year, beating Charles XII., Cruiskeen, Deception, and thir- teen others. The race was run on the 15th of July, the day was tine, not at all warm, and the course inline order. The distance was two miles exactly, and Sleight-of-Hand, a four-year-old, and carrying 109 lbs, performed it in 3m. 36s. ! The race is described as a very splendid one, the winner, Sampson, and Charles XII., " being so closely handicapped that Sleight-of-Hand won only by a neck, Sampson beating Charles XII. for the second place nearly hy a head. But the most wonderful circumstance yet remains to be told ; Charles XII., who came so near winning, is himself but a four-year-old, and yet carried 125 lbs. — only a pound less than an aged horse carries on the Union Course !
" The Derby handicap, run on the same day, was won by Lord George Bentinck's Capote, by Yelocipede ; he, 3 years old, with 93 lbs. on his back, ran once round and a distance, called a Tiiile, in one minute and forty-seven seconds. This, if the distance be accurately measured, it would not be impossible for us to beat ; but the performance of Charles XII. is really wonderful."— Ed. Am. T. K.
In reference to the measurement of the English courses, 1 quote again from the same work, vol. xi., p. 243, a writer, under the signature D., for whom the Editor vouches as " a practical breeder and tuii'man of thirty years standing," and as one than wdiom " no gentleman in the Union is more familiar with the difi'erent strains of blood which have appeared on both sides of the Atlantic," testifies as follows ;
" Your correspondent doubts the speed of English horses, and talks of the reputed length of courses. On that subject I would observe to him, that the course at Doncaster has been accurately measured in the presence of Americans, and some of the fastest races have been timed by our* countrymen, with watches made expressly for the purpose. The same remark ap- plies to ^m^ree, near Liverpool," the course, be it observed, over which the races last named were run !
* It may not be amiss, nor will be improper, here to specify two well-known and thorough sportsmen, Messrs. Frank Corbyn, of Virginia, and Boardman of Hunt's Mills, as timers of English races.
438 THE HORSE.
" A personal view of the English horses, and of English ra- cing, has convinced me that their horses have more speed than ours, and greater capacity for carrying weight. Now, these things admitted, and I think no well informed man will deny it, there is little reason to suspect that they have less game and bottom, as they are descended from the same root, and bred with the greatest care and attention."
The question of superior speed, has been apparently given up. Anotlier writer, who concedes the fact of greater speed in England at higli weights, inquires if the difference may not be attributed to the superiority of the tui'f courses in England. Being familiar with most of the race-courses in England, and all the Northern courses of the United States, I should reply that I greatly doubt the superiority of tlie turf course, for the making of good time, as a general rule, though it perhaps is less hard uj^on the feet.
When a turf course is in its most perfect condition, which is not once in a hundred times, it is, perhaps, in all respects more favorable to pace than any American course in the same condition. But when the ground is thoroughly dry and baked, and the grass, as I have often seen it, burnt till it is as slippery, almost, as ice ; or when, as is, I might say, generally the case under the weeping skies of England, the grass course is fetlock deep in stiff mud, covered with a tenacious sod, it is worse than any thing I have ever seen on any course, even Camden, in the United States. I 'am certain that I have seen Knavesmire, at York, and from the hill to the Red-house and thence half way home, at Doncaster, ten seconds, at least, worse in the mile, than ever I saw an}^ part of any race-course on this side the water.
I do, however, believe that there is a manifest advantage, especially for lengthy horses, in the larger size and less abrupt turns of the English race-courses. I have seen that noble race- horse, Mingo, who, for shapes was almost my beau ideal of the animal, suffer repeatedly from being pulled out of his stride, in order to get round the awkward short turns of tlie Union Course, and I have not a doubt that either on the Beacon, which is straight, or on the Goodwood Course, which is arranged in long sweeping curves without any sudden corner, he or any other
GAME OF ENGLISH HOESES.
439
good great horse would improve, other things alike, on his American time.
Again, I am decidedly of opinion that the use of heavy weights, as on the British Turf, is of as much profit as loss to the horses ridden, in allowing the riders to be men^ who can control the animals, restrain or call out their powers to the utmost, and who in head, heart, seat and hand, are horsemen to perfection, instead of cliildren^ who, half the time, have as much as they can do to hang on by the reins, and are run away with from the score to the winning-post, utterly unable either to judge of the pace they are going, or to regulate it if they were.
But in regard to the bottom of English horses, I desire to point out first, that it has already been shown, sujpi-a^ p. 359, that a number of extremely indifferent race-horses did make, under enormous weight, as we regard it here — 154 lbs. — very respect- able time ; and one horse* — by no means above a third-rate according to his previous character, or unusually powerful or like a weight carrier — made very excellent time in the Osbal- deston match, as admitted by the Americans who purchased him after the Newmarket Houghton meeting of 1831.
Again, I quote from the American Sporting Magazine, Vol. XI., p. 301, from the article of a very sound and brilliant writer, who took ground against a strange fallacy broached at that time, viz., that English and American thoroughbreds had degenerated owing to their being too thoroughbred.
" We are entirely too much,'' says he, " in the habit of under- rating the bottom of the English horses — when the truth is, the thoroughbred of both countries are almost the same; but they have attended more to the purity oi pedigree, speed, and a capacity to carry weight. Now, I opine this system is not calculated to lessen his lastingness ; at the same time, I must aver that the possession of great speed is by no means an indication of want
of game, and if ' P ,' will try the experiment of running a
slow game horse after a fleet thoroughbred, he will hereafter be willing to cross with some strong speedy horse, though he may have broken down young.
* Tranby was not comparable in power, any more than in speed, to Lottery, Plenipotentiary, or twenty others.
440 THE HORSE.
" A word, on the subject of game in the English horses, and I will close this piece.
" At the last Doncaster races, a. d. 1839, Opera, sister to Burletta by Actseon, on Tuesday won the Cleveland stakes, one mile, 16 subscribers. On Wednesday she won the Corporation plate, two-mile heats, winning the first and third heats ; and on Friday, two days after only, she won the town plate, two-mile heats, at four heats, winning the second heat, the third heat being a dead heat between her and Humphrey, and then won the fourth heat, the last mile of which she ran in Im. 49s., with 119
lbs. on her, she then four years old. Now if ' P ' will not
admit this to be a game nag, he must be hard to satisfy. Opera is a good nag, but by no means at the head of the English Turf. Her performance, there, is no marvel ; and perhaps in Carolina they might place a low estimate on it, but I am certain that Crusader would have found himself in bad company with her. Each heat was well contested — the last mile of the second heat was run in Im. 48s. ; the last mile in third, in Im. 50s. ; and the last mile in the fourth heat in Im. 49s. — timed by an American now in this country. The shape of the course enables a spec- tator to time the last mile correctly."
It is a remarkable fact, that, in 1826, I saw myself the very counterpart of this race, run for the same Corporation plate, the account of which I take from " The Annals of Sporting " of that year, but I myself remember the circumstances as if they were but of yesterday.
Purity, the winner of the town plate, had on Wednesday won the all-age stakes, St. Leger Course, — two miles, less 312 yards — in 3m. 37s., carrying 107 lbs. at four years old. The all-a^e stakes is a selhno- stake. The winner liable to be claimed at 200 sovereigns, but not deliverable until the end of the meet- ing. I mention this to show precisely how near to the head of the turfVuvitj stood, and, as a consequence. Opera likewise.
Indeed it is notorious to every English turfman that no owner will enter a valuable horse or mare for a race which takes so much out of the animal, while the gain — £100 — is so small, and the renown, to be got by beating inferior horses, nothing.
The race in 1826 was as follows. Unfortunately no time
PURITY AND BKOWNLOCK. 441
was kept ; but this detracts in nothing from the stanchness or capacity to repeat in the horses.
One hundred pound plate for three and four years old. Three, 7 st. 5 lbs.— 103 lbs. ; and four, 8 St. 7 lbs.— 119 lbs. Maiden colts allowed 2 lbs., and maiden fillies 3 lbs. Two-mile heats.
Lord Kelburn's ch. f. Purity, by Octavia, 4 years, . . . 4 8 10 1
Mr. Puchards' bl. c. Broicnlock, 4 yrs 16202
Sir J. Byng's ch. c. Thales, by Tramp, 4 yrs 5 10 8 3
Sir Wm. Milner's b. c. by Tramp, 3 yrs 6 2 3 dr.
Mr. Eidsdale's br. c. by Oiseau, 3 yrs 3 4 0 dr.
Duke of Leeds' bl. c. by Crowcatcher, 3 yrs H 5 dr.
Each heat was most obstinately contested, and a vast deal of betting between Purity and Brownlock. The course was nearly deserted before the contest was over, the deciding heat being absolutely run by twilight.
From these data — the running, I mean, in Osbaldeston's two hundred mile match, and that in the two minor races described above, the counterparts of which, had one the time to hunt them up, and tlie space to record them, might be reproduced a hun- dred times from the annual racing calendars of English provin- cial meetings — I deduce this fact, and challenge denial or dis- proval, that English thoroughbred racers of inferior grade on the Turf, do still retain the capacity to rim long heats as stoutly and gamely as they ever did, and that at unusual weights and in respectable time.
I say that second and third-rate horses, horses valued at £200 and under, can do this ; and that first-rate horses, valued at £1,000 and upwards, cannot do it at all, or cannot do it as gamely and in better time than their own inferiors, is simply to talk nonsense.
Again ; to say that a horse, which can run sixteen miles in four four-mile heats, in 33m. 19s., with 154 pounds on his back, could not run the same number of heats of the same length, in much better time, with only 114 pounds on his back, is absurd.
So it is absurd to say that a much better, stouter, fleeter, in every way superior animal, could not run the same race, under the same conditions, in better time than its inferior. In other words, that Tranby, with 154 pounds on his back, could run sixteen miles at four-mile heats in such time, but that Eleur-de-lis, or Glencoe, or Plenipotentiary, could not^ or could not, with that
442 THE HORSE.
or 40 pounds less weiglit on tlieir backs, beat the time in a can- ter, at 1,000 to 1, and no takers.
The idea of sustaining such a paradox is idle. " Cecil " has well stated that a horse which can run with eight stone on his back can run with nine, against equal horses equally weighted, imelss he be such a weed as ought not to run at all.
But no one ever doubted, I presume, who was capable of forming an opinion, that every horse which is capable of carry- ing nine stone is capable of carrying eight a good deal faster.
I hold it, therefore, proved, as I have stated above, that the inference^ that the modern English horse cannot run distances equally well with his own ancestors, or with the modern Amer- ican horse, is not only a onere inference, but an inference con- trary to analogy.
There is yet another argument, and one yet stronger, which I have to produce on this point, viz.
In later years the American time of four-mile-heat races has immeasurably improved.
In later years the importation of modern English racing stallions has immeasurably increased, and the stock of these imported stallions are now running every where on terms of equality with the progeny of the best native sires.
And, to borrow, for the last time, from the writer before quoted in the American Sporting Magazine, Yol. XL, p. 242, " On a fair investigation of all the races in our country, it will be found that the imported horses, and the colts of imported horses, have won a full share of all the purses, and at all dis- tances, including four-mile heats. They are not better than our own thoroughbreds, but they are equally good, and more generally cross well."
This, be it observed, is not my opinion, but that of an intel- ligent, well-known American breeder and turfman, of thirty years' experience on the turf. His opinion, I think, moreover, will be fully borne out by the tables at the end of the volume, which I have with great labor compiled from such materials as I could obtain, on the plan of the English tables above quoted, of the number of winners got by American stallions of time past and present, native and imported, and of the performances of American horses born of native and imported sires.
PRESENT STATE OF THE THOEOUGHBEED. 443
These show, if I err not the more widely, that the stock of English horses do their work at long distances in America, with no signs of degeneracy. How then should the sires be degene- rate ?
Fortes creantur fortibus et bonis Est in juvencis, est in equis patrum Virtus, nee imbellem feroces Progenerant aquilae columbam. Horace.
And here, having, as I consider, fully shown that the idea of degeneracy from the original ancestry, whether on the part of the English or American thoroughbred horse of to-day, is an idle and ahsurd fallacy ; and that, on the contrary, not only is the breed the very best breed that ever has existed in the world, but that it exists to-day in greater purity, power, vigor, and efficiency for all purposes of utility, with the sole exception of heavy draught, than it ever has before — not to say in a sphere immeasurably increased, and in numbers infinitely extended — I will pass on to other parts of my subject, and endeavor to show how we may continue to produce him of the higliest stand- ard, and how use him with the greatest profit and pleasure to ourselves, and, as in duty bound, with the greatest ease, well- being and happiness to himself.
EDITORIAL NOTE.
* (P. 426.) Tranby mares have proved fine breeders. The celebrated race- horses Vandal and Alaric were out of a Tranby mare. Pie sired Creath, Tom Roots, and Dolly Dixon also. lie was removed to Missouri, where he had no chance to cover thoroughbreds, and might as well have been dead, so far aa making- a turf reuutation is concerned.
ENGLISH AND AMEKICAN YIEWS
OF THE
PAST AIS^D PRESENT CONDITION OF THE THOROUGHBRED HORSE.
PRESENT SPEED OF THE KACEHOKSE. From Stonehenge.
By an examination of the racing time-tables as recorded of late years, it will be seen tliat from 13 i to 14 seconds per furlong is the highest rate of speed attained in any of our races, above a mile, and with 8 st. 7 lbs. carried by three-year-old horses. In 184:6, Surplice and Cymba won the Derby and Oaks, each run- ning the distance in 2m, 48s., or exactly 14 seconds per furlong. This rate has never since that time been reached ; the Flying Dutchman having, however, nearly attained it, but failing by two seconds — making his rate 14 seconds and one sixth per fur- long. But the most extraordinary three-year-old performance is that of Sir Tatton Sykes over the St. Leger Course, 1 mile, 6 furlongs, and 132 yards in length, which he ran in 3 minutes and 16 seconds, or at a rate of as nearly as possible 131 seconds per furlong. With an additional year and the same weight, this speed has been slightly exceeded by "West Australian, even over a longer course, as at Ascot in 1854, when he defeated Kingston by a head only ; running two miles and four furlongs in 4m. and 27s., or as nearly as possible at the rate of 13i seconds and one-third per furlong. This performance is the best in modern days, considering the weight, the age, and the distance ; and it
rmST AUSTRALIAN. 445
will compare very favorably with the often-quoted exploit of Childers over the Beacon Course in 1721, when, being six years old, he beat Almanzor and Brown Betty, carrying 9 st. 2 lbs., and doing the distance in 6m. 40s., or at the rate of 14 seconds and one-third per furlong. Thus, allowing him his year for the extra mile in the course, and for the 21bs. which he carried above Kingston's weight, he was outdone by the latter horse at Ascot by one second per furlong, and likewise by West Australian at the usual allowance for his age. Again ; com- paring these performances on the English Turf with the recently lauded exploits of the American horses, it will be found that there is no cause for the fear lest our antagonists in the " go- ahead " department should deprive us of our laurels. On the 2d of April, 1855, a time-match was run at ISTew Orleans be- tween Lecomte and Lexington, both four years old, in which the latter, who won, did the four miles, carrying 7 st. 5 lbs., in 7m. 19|s., or, as nearly as may be, 13|- seconds per fur- long. This is considered by the Americans the best time on record, aud is undoubtedly a creditable jDcrformance ; though when the light weight is taken into account, not so near our best English time as would at first sight appear. On the 14th of April, Brown Dick and Arrow ran three miles over the same course in 5m. 28s., or at the rate of 13 seconds and two-thirds per furlong ; the former a three-year-old, carrying 6 st. 2 lbs., and the latter five years old, 6 st. 12 lbs. Thus it will appear that Kingston, of the same age as Arrow, and carrying 9st. instead of 7 st. 12 lbs., ran 2^ miles at a better rate than Arrow did his 3 miles, by one-third of a second per furlong. And it has been shown that in the year last past, two horses exceeded the greatest performance of the olden times by a second per furlong, and beat the best Ame- rican time of modern days by one-third of a second per mile. The assertion, therefore, that our present horses are degen- erated in their power of staying a distance under weight, is wholly without foundation ; since I have shown that, even taking the time of the Childers' performance as the true rate, of which there is some doubt, yet it has recently been beaten very considerably by West Australian and Kingston. Many loose assertions have been made as to the rate of the horse.
446 THE nOKSE.
for a single mile in the last century, but there is not the slight- est reliance to be placed upon them. That any race-horse ever ran. a mile within the minute, is an absurd fiction ; and it is out of the question to suppose that if Childers could not beat our modern horses over the Beacon Course, he could beat them a shorter distance. Stoutness was undoubtedly the forte of the early race-horses ; they were of small size, very wiry and low, and could unquestionably stay a distance, and could race month after month, and year after year, in a way seldom imi- tated in these days ; but that they could in their small compact forms run as fast in a short spin as our modern three-year-olds, is quite a fallacy ; and no racing man of any experience would admit it for a moment. '
The size and shape of the modern thoroughbred horse are superior to those of olden days, if we may judge by the portraits of them handed down to us by Stubbs, who was by far the most faithful animal painter of the eighteenth century. In elegance of shape we beat the horses of that day very considerably, more especially in the beauty of the head and the formation of the shoulders, which have been much attended to by breeders. In size, also, there has been an immense stride made, the average height of the race-horse having been increased by at least a hand within the last century. This enlargement is, I believe, chiefly due to the GodoliDhin Arabian, who was the sire of Babraham, the only horse of his time which reached 16 hands, and sire or grandsire of several which were more than 15 hands, much above the average height of horses at that time — as, for instance. Fearnought, Genius, Gower Stallion, Infant, Denmark, Bolton, Cade, Chub, Lofty, and Amphion. Indeed it will be found, by an examination of the horses of that time, that out of 130 winners in the middle of the eighteenth century, there were only 18 of the height of 15 hands and upwards, of which 11 were by Godolphin or his sons, three descended from the Darley Arabian, two from the Byerley Turk, and two from other sources. It may therefore be assumed, with some degree of probability, that the increase in size is in great measure due to the Godolphin, in addition to the extra care and attention which the horse has received during the same time. ISTeverthe- less, all the care and forcing in the world will not increase the
COilPAEISONS OF SPEED. 447
size of some breeds ; and unless there was this capability of being forced, no amount of attention would have brought the horse to the present average, which may be placed at about 15 liands 3 inches.
COMPARISOInS of speed, etc., between ENGLISH AND AMERICAN
HORSES.
From the Spirit of the Times.
It will appear, on a critical examination of the subject, that there is not much difference in the powers of the best race-horses for more than a century ; a period during which they have been brought, upon both sides of the Atlantic, to the present high state of perfection. "Within the last two years have been exhib- ited faster running in England, by West Australian and Kings- ton, and in this country, by Lexington and Lecomte, than was ever before known. The two last have run four miles, and four- mile heats, faster, in either case, than has been performed in England. " Stonehenge," who has been well endorsed in Eng- land, has shown "the absurd fiction" of "a mile within a minute;" and that there is "not the slightest reliance to be placed upon the many loose assertions " — such as the reported accounts of Childers ; and that he and Eclipse were " a distance better than any other horses that have appeared," or that they " could beat any other a half-mile in four miles ! " On the same authority, it appears that, in the fastest Derby, St. Leger, and Ascot cup races, as won by Surplice, the Flying Dutchman, Sir Tatton Sykes, Don John, and "West Australian, the distance varying from one mile and a half to two miles and a half, that the fastest rate, with English weights, has been a little over one minute and forty seconds per mile."'-'' We have no authentic report that the mile has been run in England under one minute and forty-two seconds, the time of Henry Perritt at New Orleans. Nominally of the same age, three years old, and with the same weight, 86 lbs., Inheritor, at Liverpool, ran two miles in 3.25 ; which is at the rate per mile of 1.42^. " Stonehenge," referring to what he considers the best race ever run in England, states
* We liavo no authentic data to say tliat Ilenrj Perritt ever ran a mile in 1.42J. It is all surmise, as stated on page B37. — Ed.
448 THE nORSE.
that West Australian, four years old, carrying tlie St. Leger weight, 8 st, 6 lbs. — 118 pounds — " defeated Kingston by ahead only," the latter five years old, carrying 9 st. — 126 pounds — running two and a half miles in 4.27, " or, as nearly as possible, 13|- seconds per furlong." " This performance, the best of modern days, considering the weight, the age, and the distance, Avill compare very favorably with the often quoted exploit of Childers, in 1721, at ISTewmarket, when being six years old, carrying 9 st. 21bs. — 128 pounds — he did the distance, three and a half miles, in 6m. 40s., or at the rate of 14 seconds and one- third per furlong." " Thus allowing Childers his year for the extra mile in the course, and for the two pounds which he carried above Kingston's weight, he, Childers, was outdone by Kingston at Ascot, by one second per furlong, and likewise by West Australian, at the usual allowance for his age." " Kings- ton, of the same age as Arrow, and carrying 9 st. instead ot 6 St. 2 lbs. — 100 pounds — ran two and a half miles at a better rate than Arrow, in his race with Brown Dick, did his three miles, by one-third of a second per furlong." But Arrow's was a race of three-mile heats, the third heat in 5m. 43^s. Lexington, nominally four years old, carrying 103 pounds, ran four miles, also at New Orleans, in Ym. 19|s., or, as nearly as may be, 13|- seconds per fui-long, at the rate, for four miles, of less than Im. 50s. per mile.
The often quoted exj^loit of Eclipse, of England, was that he ran four miles, carrying 168 pounds, in eight minutes.
With these data before them, it is left for others to draw their own deductions of the relative merits of West Australian, Childers, Eclipse, and Lexington, at the distances they ran, varying from two and a half miles to four.
Some among us believe that Lexington and Lecomte were about as last and as good race-horses as have ever appeared in England. Undoubtedly they could "stay a distance" about as well as any horse that has run anywhere, having run two heats, of four miles, in 7m. 26s, and 7m. 38fs., and the third mile of the second heat in Im. 47s.
It would be a difficult task to institute a fair comparison between the race-horses of England and America, the systems of racing being so different in the two countries. With the
ENGLISH AND AMEEICAN RACERS.
449
exception of the light weights, adopted by us for convenience, the modes and rules of our turf are nearly the same as they M^ere in England the last century. In England, since that period, the mode of racing has been essentially changed : heavy weights, even for two and three-year-olds, at short distances, rarely beyond two and a half miles ; no longer races of heats ; the great events being for " baby horses," two and three-year- olds, instead of Jiorses, as formerly. Tliey rarely, nowadays, reach maturity in England. Priam, Touchstone, Harkaway, and E-ataplan, are to be regarded as exceptions to a rule. Cliil- ders and Eclipse were^ not introduced upon the turf until live years old, an age at which the most distinguished horses rarely run in these days.
The elastic turf and the straighter shape of the English race- courses, better adapt them to speed than our circular " race- tracks," that are wholly denuded of turf. Therefore a fair com- parison of English and American race-horses cannot be made by time as the test ; one, too, that is not held in as high esteem in England as with us. Time, there, is frequently disregarded.
Rather a long catalogue is here presented of the best race- horses of England and of this country, which might be extended. Those now or lately upon our turf are omitted, as some doubts might be entertained of their comparative merits. Of those furnished, who will agree as to the pre-eminence of any two of them ; at least, to place any six above the rest ?
MOST REXOWNED ENGLISH AND AMERICAN HOKSES.
|
1715* Childers. |
1777*t Dioraed. |
|
1718* Partner. |
1782t Trurapator. |
|
1748* Matchem. |
1784t Sir Peter. |
|
1749* Regulus, ) by the Go- |
1790t Waxy. |
|
17-i9 Mirza, ) dolphin Arabian. |
1792t Hambletonian, |
|
1749* Spectator. |
1796t Sorcerer. |
|
1750* Snap. |
1798t Eleanor. |
|
1758* Ilerod. |
1798t Orville. |
|
1764* Eclipse, by Marske. |
1807t Whalebone. |
|
1771* Shark, by Marske. |
1816 Sultan. |
|
1773* Pot8os, by Eclipse. |
1822 Camel. |
|
* Saltram, by Eclipse. |
18271 Priam, by Emilius.t |
|
• Boston's ancestors. |
t Derby and St. Leger winners. |
|
Vol. I.— 29 |
450
THE HORSE.
ISSlf Plenipotentiary, by Emilius.f 1831t Touchstone.
f Queen of Trumps.
1 Bay Middleton.
1 Flying Dutchman.
Harkaway.
1 Don John.
1 Sir Tatton Sykes.
1 West Australian.
Kingston.
1801* Florizel. 1812 Potomac. 1813* Sir Archy.
1812 Lady Lightfoot, by Sir Archy.
18 1 2 Vanity, by Sir Archy.
1813 Reality, by Sir Archy. 1813* Timoleon, by Sir Archy.
1814 Virg-fnian, by Sir Archy.
1815 Sir Charles, by Sir Archy. 1820 Bertrand, by SirArchy. 1801 Maid of the Oaks, by Imp.
Spread Eagle. 1801 rioretta, by Imported Spread Eagle.
1801 Postboy, by Imp. Gabriel. 1801 Oscar, by Imp. Gabriel. 1801 Hickory. 1808 Duroc.
Sir Solomon.
1814 American Eclipse. 1820 Flirtilla.
Monsieur Tonson.
Sally Walker.
Ariel, by American Eclipse.
Medoc, by American Eclipse.
Fannj^, by American Eclipse.
Lady Clifden.
Doubloon, by Imp. Margrave.
Blue and Brown Dick, by
Imported Margrave. 1833 Boston. 1837 Fashion. 1839 Peytona.
Trifle, by Sir Charles.
Andrew, by Sir Charles.
Wagner, by Sir Charles.
Grey Eagle.
Another view of the comparative merits of race-horses that were not contemporaries is presented by time on the same course, and with the same weight, or the relative weight for age.
It has been shown lately, that on the Charleston Course, at three and four-mile heats, in the races won by Nina, High- lander, Jefferson Davis, and Frank Allen, nearly the same time has been made ; besides the comparison between that of Ber- trand and Floride.
On the Union Course, New York, the fastest four-mile heats were as follows ; —
Fashion, 5 years, 111 lbs., and Boston, 9 years, 126 lbs., 7.821— T.45
Tally-ho, 4 yrs., 104 lbs., and Bostona, 5 yrs., Ill lbs., 7.33 —7.43
Fashion, aged, 123 lbs., and Peytona, 5 yrs., 117 lbs., 7.39 —7.45
Eclipse, 9 yrs., 126 lbs., and Henry, 4 yrs., 108 lbs., 7.37i— 7.49
Eed-Eye, 8 yrs., 126 lbs., and One-Eyed Joe, 6 yrs., 117 lbs., .... 7.52 —7.39 Lady Clifden, 4 yrs., 101 lbs., and Picton, 8 yrs., 90 Ib.s., Picton winning
first heat, 7.44-7.434—7.56*
* Boston's ancestors.
t Derby and St. Leger winners.
AMERICAN AND ENGLISH HORSES. 451
It would seem there was no great difference in the speed and bottom of the horses that have acquired the most renown on the Union Course. Observer.
BEST AMERICAN AND ENGLISH HORSES.
THE SONS OF BOSTON. — TIME AS INFLUENCED BY WEIGHT. FAST RACES.
LEXINGTOn'3 old AMERICAN BLOOD.
Kenowned sons of Boston have run the fastest races of four miles, and of four-mile heats, upon the American record. " That has been settled at ISTew Orleans," bv Lexington's race of four miles in Y.19|- ; and that won by Lecomte, four-mile heats, in 7.26 — 7.38f . Next in the order of time comes the race won by Fashion, beating Boston, in Y.32i — 7.45 • then Boston's son. Tally-ho, beating Bostona, in 7.33 — 7.43, at l!^ew York ; and the several fast races at 'New Orleans, as between George Mar- tin and Reel — dam of Lecomte — in nearly the same time as Tally-ho's first and second hea*"s ; Miss Foote's Grey Medoc's — and others scarce known to fame — heats in 7.35 ; and other heats by Louis d'Or, Charmer, Keiibe, and others, also at Kew Orleans, varying from 7.37 to about 7.40 ; but in very few cases with the full weiglit of aged horses ; and, in all instances, with less weight than usually carried at the more l!^orthern courses. Boston's son, Dick Doty, beating Little Flea, at Lexington, Ken- tucky, won in 7.37| — 7.46^ ; Peytona, beating Fashion, atl*^ew York, in 7.39 — 7.43 ; and the two first heats in Eclipse's great match, on the same course, were run 7.37| and 7.49. Nearly each of these races, at the period of their performance, was con- sidered " the best race ever run in America," to say nothing of the " best race in Yirginia," run by Red Eye and Nina ; both of them by Boston. Last April the opinion was expressed at New Orleans that " Lecomte is the best horse America ever produced ; " this April, at the same place, the owner of Lexing- ton is assured he "enjoys the proud supremacy of owning the fastest horse in America, if not in the world." The present week, perhaps, will decide which is " best," at four-mile heats, Lecomte or Lexington. Condition, or accident, may decide " the rub."
452 THE H0E8E.
For details of comparative speed, age, and weight carried, in the examples given, reference may be had to an article pub- lished in the N. Y. " Spirit of the Times," of June, 1854, page 228, in No. 19, vol. 24.
If time alone be the test, the palm must be conceded to Lexington ; in not only having run the fastest four miles in America, but also the fastest three miles, in 5.31. The noble animal has fully realized all the high expectations of his judicious owner and other zealous backers. Notwithstanding " the various circumstances upon which so much depends for success were in the highest degree favorable — the condition of the horse and the track excellent — the sky clear, the air warm and balmy — the day could not possibly have been, better ; " jockeyed, too, by Gil. Patrick, the best rider in the country, and carrying only 103 lbs., on a horse nearly five years old ; yet Lexington ran a great hazard of losing the race by the loss of " his left fore plate and half the right one." Had he lost his plate earlier, owing to the " extreme hardness of the track," Lexington's loss of the match seems to have been inevitable. " Taking the chances into view," in his last article, your corre- spondent wrote — " he would rather bet on time than on Lexing- ton's heating T.26." In the " Observations on the American Turf, by D. P.," in the " Spirit of the Times," of Feb. 3, 1855, ISTo. 51, page 606, he expressed his belief "that Lecomte is above and beyond all comparison the best and surest race-horse that has appeared in this country, with the single doubtful ex- ception of Boston ! " To his faith in Boston " D. P." would die a martyr. It is known that Lecomte has run his mile in 1.45^, and " tour miles in 7.26." " I will venture tlie prediction," D. P. adds — " that if ever he " — Lecomte — " runs a single four- mile heat in his present condition, and he loses it, tlie time will he made in less than Y.20 ! If Lexington can now beat Le- comte, he must be something more than a horse."
Yet in the discussion of several of the best races, with the diflerence of weight, and for the same ages too, " D. P." is of opinion " the question may well be put, has the 7.37^ heat of Henry ever been beaten in this country ? " He states that Henry and Lecomte " were both of the same age ; Henry made 7.37 with 108 lbs. upon his back, while Lecomte made 7.26 with
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ECLIPSE AND FLYING CHILDERS. 453
only 86 lbs."— 89 were carried. " Tlie Kew Orleans is fullj Bix seconds quicker " — in four miles ? — " than the Union at the time of Henry's race." Challenges have been offered the backers of the ISTew Orleans cracks, it is believed, on both Henry's and Fashion's time, with the weights they carried, but not accepted.
But for the fear of being tedious, a comparison between Lexington's time and that of the fastest races in England, at four miles and upward, and of the relative weights carried, would be here made. Tlie subject will be dismissed, with the expression of disbelief, for obvious reasons, in the incredible accounts of Flying Childers. He, likewise, ran over the Beacon Course, four miles, one furlong, and thirty-eight yards, in seven minutes and thirty seconds ! " But no timer can see the length of the Beacon Course, near a mile on one side being excluded from view by " the Devil's ditch," an old Saxon work of in- trenchment. The late Judge Duval, of Maryland, and one of the Justices of the U. S. Supreme Court, made a comparison of the running of Childers and Eclipse, as follows ; " Eclipse ran, at York, four miles in eight minutes, carrying 12 stone — 168 pounds, 42 pounds more than the standard weight at this time. If the calculation of old experienced sportsmen, that the addition of seven pounds weight in the rider makes the dif- ference of a distance, which is 240 yards, in a heat of four miles, be correct, then the running of Eclipse, carrying forty pounds more than Childers, will prove that Eclipse was the swiftest animal." It does not apj)ear that in any of his eighteen races the time of Eclipse was at all noted, excepting at York, when six years old, as above quoted. " In truth, not any horse had the shadow of a chance of winning against Eclipse," — he dis- tanced the field " whenever he chose," — " was never beaten, nor had a whip flourished over him, or felt the tickling of a spur." " Childers flourished in 1721-2, Eclipse in 1Y69-70." By tlie way, in his marks, in the portrait in the " American Turf Kegis- ter," vol, ii., Childers resembles Lexington. "ISText to these cele- brated race-horses, perhaps Highflyer was the fleetest horse that has been raised in England," But it does not appear that he, and many other horses of the first fame that were never beaten, such as Lath, Babraham, Mirza, Regulus, &c., ever ran a ver-^-
454 THE HOKSE.
fast race ; no record of the kind. However, it is recorded of Matchem, that " in 1775, March 31, at six years okl, carrying 8 stone 7 lbs. — 119 lbs. — he beat Trajan over the Beacon Course in 7.20 ! " " Matchem was beat in 1776, running for the Jockey Club Plate, four-mile heats," in three heats, winning neither of them ; Spectator, winner of the race, " ran in 7.52 — 7.42 — 8.05." The difference in the Jockey Club weights probably caused the difference in the time in the two races, if the former was really the correct time. Spectator was sire to the dam of our famed Diomed. Of course his blood descends to Lexington, as well as that of Childers and Eclipse, as might be shown in his pedi- gree. Lexington's remote maternal ancestry is from the old- fashioned American blood, as transmitted from Fearnought, Medley, Diomed, and Sir Archy ; from whom he is also de- scended in the paternal line, through Timoleon and Boston. His i^edigree has been given in full in the "Spirit of the Times."
Tliese are mere observations on facts, as they are, leaving all speculation about them to others. Observer.
THE THOROUGHBRED RACE-HORSE.
In preceding articles, definitions and examples of a thorough- bred race-horse have been given. Strictly speaking, it has been stated, his pedigree, lineally and collaterally, must be traced to an approved Oriental source, the fountain head of the best blood of England. But few pedigrees of the best race-horses of modern times will bear that test. Latterly, it has been deemed sufficient for a " thoroughbred," if his pedigree can be traced for eight generations without any base admixture. But no horse is con- sidered thoroughbred in England whose pedigree is not on record in " The Stud Book." From tlie want of such a work in this country, American horses are considered thoroughbred if the sire be known to be so, and the maternal pedigree can be traced without a stain to some mare of the fourth or fifth remove, reputed to be thoroughbred ; as Burwell's Regulus mare, pro- genitor of the Lady Lightfoot stock ; Johnson's Medley mare,
WHAT IS A TriOROUGHBRED? 455
progenitor of Eealitj, Bonnets o' Blue, and Fashion ; and Slam- erkin, maternal ancestor of Pliilo.
Some believe it is of the first importance that there be remote ancestors on both sides, known to be of the best blood, as the maternal progenitor of Flying Dutchman, the dam of the True Blues, by the Byerley Turk. From her are also lineally de- scended the renowned Sir Peter Teazle and Medley, out of own sisters by Snap. Others consider it of more ircportance that the parents in each generation, until traced up to the fountain, be of the first celebrity, as in the example of Boston's pedigree. The two Childers, Partner, Begulus, Blank, Matchem, Herod, Eclipse, Snap, Highflyer, PotSos, Saltram, Pockingham, Shark, Diomed, &c. — combined in Boston — are regarded as the best channels for the blood of the most famed horses from their Oriental sires.
Sir Archy, the best American bred stock-getter we have had, is in every respect thoroughbred ; the pedigrees of his sire and dam being found, too, in the S'tud Book. For the present pur- pose, a mere glance will be taken of his pedigree. That of his sire, Diomed, need not be re]3eated. Sir Archy's dam, imp. Castianira, was got by Pockingham ; grandam by Trentham, great grandam by Bosphorus.
Pockingham, foaled 1781, was the best race-horse in Eng- land— owned by the Prince of Wales — succeeding the famous sons of EclijDse, Saltram and Dungannon ; he was a winner of thirty-two prizes in five years. The famous Miss Kingsland, own sister to Sir Archy's grandam, by Trentham, out of the dam of the famed Pegasus, was of the same year. She ran a long and brilliant career. Trentham was a very high-bred horse, paternally three removes from the Godolphin Arabian, his sire out of a sister in blood to Matchem's dam ; and his own grandam Ebony, by Flying Childers. Trentham, 1766, realized in stakes more than 8,000 guineas, an enormous sum in those da_ys. His descendants are renowned, especially Camilla, Sir Archy, Mel- bourne, Lanercost, and Alarm. 1754, Bosphorus was got by Babraham, own brother to Blank, by the Godolphin Arabian — H. C. Childers — Leedes — Moonah Barb mare.
Highflyer, sire to Pockingham, is known as the best son of Herod ; of turf and stud ability scarce second to any horse of
456 THE HOKSE.
England ; liis dam by Blank, grandam by Eegulns ; — tracing to a royal mare, Arabian or Barb. Both Blank and Rcgulus were by the Godolphin Arabian.
It appears that Sir Archy is three removes from Highflyer, and three from Herod, through Diomed, with another cross of Highflyer. But he had no cross from Eclipse or Snap. Where- fore Sir Archy was a good cross for PotStos and Saltram, sons of Eclipse, and for Snap — two crosses — progenitors of Boston.
It is asked of "Observer," "Are the Sir Archys still in existence ? " Probably not one of his get, as about thirty years have elapsed since they retired from the turf. But as a breed, the Sir Archys are imperishable. " Has the blood of Sir Archy been improved ? " is the next question. This seems impossible. His descendants, however, of the second and third generation, have acquired more fame for fast races than his own get. Some think the renowned sons of Boston have attained " the Eourier- ism of perfection." Those who had been sceptical "have knocked under to the Bostons ; " and some believe, with " Cinna," that Lexington and Lecomte have made that stock unapproachable ; but it is yet a mooted point — '''■Palmmn qui meruit feratP It is next asked, " Are any of Boston's progeny perpetuating his extraordinary game ? " This appears to be the case in respect to the Tally-hos. Sebastopol testifies to the excellence of the Boston and Sir Archy blood, being " inbred," to both of them — tracing to Boston on both sides, and through his dam to the Elirtillas and Slamerkin, to the sixteenth genera- tion."
The blood, speed, bottom, and durability of the Boston stock would make them a valuable cross for England at this time, srivino: streno-th of limb, hardihood, and endurance to much of the English precocious and speedy stock, that in some of those qualifications have been proven deficient. Either Lexington, Lecomte, or Ked Eye, would meet a general and high approba- tion in the stud, in England. Their dams, too, are by horses of high character upon the English turf, and of approved pedigrees ; in which respect Lecomte might he preferred, because of the record in the Stud Book. But the near Priam cross would be of great service to Eed Eye. When upon the turf, Priam was considered worthy of succeeding to the laurels of Childers,
PEIAM AND EMILIU9. 457
Eclipse, and Highflyer. "In the stud in England," tliongh not so successful as with us, " the success of Priam has been remark- able ; " " to have been the progenitor of Crucifix, and her sons Surplice and Cowl, of Miss Letty, Industry, Weathergage, Cos- sack and Hero, is no common reputation," " All these horses," Stonehenge adds, "have been distinguished by true running, and the blood always trains on ; the descendants of Emilius be- ing full of Eclipse blood, through Miss Hervey, Waxy, son of PotSos, Vixen, and Saltram, are particularly stout and honest."
As an example for a pedigree in full, to the most remote source, from the best horses — such as our breeders may imitate, as far as is in their power, in respect to American horses— that of Priam is here given. Priam, b., was got by Emilius, dam Cressida by Whiskey ; grandam Young Giantess by Diomed ; her dam Giantess by Matchem, out of Molly Longlegs by Ba- braham — Cole's Foxhunter — Partner — sister to E-oxana by the Bald Galloway — sister to Chante]' by Acaster Turk — Leeds Arabian — Spanker. The last by the D'Arcy Yellow Turk — dam by the Morocco Barb — Bald Peg by an Arabian out of a Barb nuire. Thus to ten generations Priam's pedigree has been traced to the most remote source ; a combination of Arabian, Barb, and Turkish blood, to say nothing of his various channels of descent from the Godolphin and Darley Arabians and the Byerley Turk.
Emilius, the best race-horse of his day, like Priam, winner of the Derby and other great stakes, was got by Orville, dam by Stamford — Whiskey — Dorimant — Blank, &c. Orville by Beningbrough ; dam by Highflyer, &c. — to Regulus, and to Marske's dam ; one of the most ancient pedigrees on the record. Beningbrough by Xing Fergus, son of Eclipse, dam by Herod — Matchem, &c. Stamford, a very distinguished runner and stallion, own brotlier to Paris and Archduke, the last imported into Virginia, Derby Manners, was got by Sir Peter Teazle, ont of Horatio by Eclipse. Sir Peter, as commonly called, the best son of Highflyer, was successor to all his laurels ; his dam Papillon by Snap ; Eegulus, &c. Next to Eclipse and Herod, Sir Peter got more winners than any horse on record. " In him Avas united the best blood of Herod, Snap, Blank, and Regulus." Whiskey was the best horse bred by the Prince of
458 THE nOESE.
Wales — George lY. — renowned botli on the turf and in the Btnd ; he was got by Saltram, dam by Herod — Matchem — Reguhis, &c. His daughter Eleanor, Muley's dam, was tlie only winner, to this day, both of the Derby and of the Oaks. For the other noted horses, in Priam's pedigree, see the Book. Young Giantess, Priam's grandam by Diomed, ranks with the best blood mares produced in England ; as exemplified by her immediate j)rogeny and those of the present day, embracing, besides Priam, his rivals in fame. West Australian, Kingston, Flying Dutchman, and his sire. Bay Middleton ; also Sir Tatton Sykes, Alarm, Cossack, Yoltigeur, Teddington, Weathergage, Andover, Stockwell, and his own brother Pataplan, Queen of Trumps, Alice Hawthorn, her son Oulston, Yirago, and others of renown.
Having been asked for a " disquisition on breeding," I can do no better than to quote from the author already referred to. "The purer the blood the more likely it is to be trans- mitted." " Whichever parent is of the purest blood will be most generally represented in the offspring." "Breeding 'in- and-in' is injurious," but there are exceptions, as already shown ; and " in all cases there is some in-breeding," as in the various descendants from the Godolphin Arabian, and from Herod, Eclipse, Matchem, Regulus, and Snap. " It may be remembered the Herod and Eclij^se blood have 'hit' in a great number of horses, such as Whiskey, Waxy, Bening- brough," and many more named ; to which may be added Bos- ton, descended from Saltram and PotSos, the renowned sons of Eclipse, sires to Whiskey and Waxy. Boston was only the fourth generation removed from Eclipse. " It must also be known that Eclipse and Herod — united in tlie blood of Boston, several crosses from each — are both descended from the Darley Arabian, the one on the sire's side, and the other on the dam's." " Priam is an example of in-breeding. This horse and Pleni- potentiary were both sons of Emilius ; the latter as direct a cross as is often seen, but the former in-bred to Whiskey. Both were extraordinary winners, but Plenipotentiary had scarce an average success as a stallion, while Priam, considering his short stay" in England, "has achieved an imperishable fame." " Bay Middleton was the produce of second cousins," from St. Peter.
IN-BKEEDING. 459
^'Stockwell and Rataplan are descended in the same degree from "Whalebone," &c. Their dam was by Glencoe, of the same year with Touchstone and Plenipo. — and of almost equal renown on the turf. Flying Dutchman is somewhat in-bred, and " as far as his stock has been tried, is eminently suc- cessful as a stock-getter," uniting " the stout blood of Catton and Orville with that of Selim." " The pedigree of the dam of Sir Tatton Sykes should be carefully analyzed, as exhibiting a curious re-union of strains ; Muley is in-bred to Whiskey, he is then crossed with an Election mare, producing Margrave ; the dam of Muley being Eleanor, a daughter of Young Gi- antess by Diomed." From Margrave, " Patty Primrose, con- taining in her pedigree two infusions of Young Giantess from Sorcerer," was jDroduced the dam of Sir Tatton Sykes, with another infusion of the same blood from his sire Melbourne. " The most extraordinary three-year-old performance, is that of Sir Tatton Sykes over the St. Leger Course, in 3.16, at a rate of 13i seconds per furlong."
Margrave and Trustee, stallions yet among us, were of the same year, and beat each other in the Derby and the St. Leger Stakes. Margrave and Leviathan are sons of Muley ; conse- quently cousins to Priam. Wherefore it is probable there has been considerable in-breeding of late among us. Priam and Sovereign, too, were by tlie same sire, Emilius. The dam of the latter is also descended from Young Giantess. These, with Glencoe, have latterly been our best stallions, with the single exception of Boston.
The dam of West Australian — reputed to have run the best race in England — was own sister to Cotherstone, whose dam was also the dam of Trustee. Our stock may now need a good foreign cross, such as Kingston. Don John, however, may do good service.
" Out-crossing. By crossing the Mood^ we understand the selection of a sire composed of wholly different blood from that of tlie dam, or as different as can be obtained. The same strain beyond two stages deteriorates the constitutional health, dimin- ishes the bone, and lowers the height. The great difficulty is to obtain a cross " without destroying the harmony of jjropor- tions," &c. As examples of judicious out-crossing, Ilarkaway
460 THE HORSE.
is named " no doubt a very superior race-horse, but liis stock, thougli stout, is deficient in speed. Bee's-wing is another good example ; and her sons, Newminster, Nunnykirk, and Old Port ; Queen of Trumps, also ; but in her remote ancestry there is an extraordinary influx of Herod's blood," Success is some- times had by re-uniting, after an interval of several genera- tions, a series of good strains. Hence, it is supposed, pure Boston blood would be of great benefit in England. " West Australian is a valuable example of a good out-cross after in- breeding." " One of the most thoroughly-crossed pedigrees of the day is that of Kingston ; and being such a good horse as he was, his case must be allowed to Aveigh in favor of this kind of breeding." " I conceive nothing better than this game horse." The out-cross " is not so inuch in reference to running as to breeding." " There are cases," like that of Sir Arcliy, " where a horse begets racing stock out of all sorts of mares, as Touch- stone, a grandson of Whalebone, carrying his grandfather's fame still further." But in breeding, the brood-mare must unite high qualifications, in blood, frame, health, and temper ; as "like begets like," but subject to the various considerations partly alluded to. " Like the brood-mare, the stallion requires several essentials," as in the mare ; but " he must not only be suitable iper se, but he must also be adapted to the particular mare." " The rock upon which most men split is a bigoted favoritism for some jjarticular horse." " If not already twice bred in and in," it is recommended to seek " the best stallion of the best strain in the mare's pedigree." " A cross into blood already existing in the mare, but not recently in-bred, nor used more than once, will sometimes answer." "It is commonly supposed that one or the other of the parents should be of mature age ; and that if both are very young or very old, the produce will be decrepit or weakly." " The general practice of breeding is to use young stallions with old mares," and vice versa.
" The various crosses since the days of Herod, Eclipse, and Matchem, are so numerous that it is no longer possible to class them ; " " far less from the Godolphin and Darley Arabians, and the Byerley Turk," from which all the best pedigrees are
THE BLOOD OF WAXT. 461
to "be traced. But the author classes the best horses now on the English Turf under the following heads.
" AVaxy at the head of the list," numbering " among his stock, in the direct male line, 13 St. Leger Avinners, 13 of the Derby, and 11 of the Oaks, and more winners of great races than any two horses since his time." " Like Orville, he is chiefly composed of Eclipse and Herod blood, with a double dash of the Godolphin, through Sportsmistress, dam of PotSos, and Lisette." " This stock will run all day, and no distance is too great for them ;" but " are not so fast for a mile as some others — especially the Buzzard stock," from Selim, Sultan, Bay Middle- ton, &c. ; " which are more calculated for the Kowley mile " than longer distances. Glencoe and Grey Eagle are of this stock, each of them three removes from Buzzard. The get of Glencoe and of Grey Eagle are very fast, and some of both can stay the distance. " Buzzard, imported into Yirginia, is repre- sented by almost as many fashionable horses of the present day, in England, as "Waxy." " Orville, like Waxy, a good race- horse— bearing affinity in blood and results to our Sir Archy — is remarkable for combining speed with stoutness." " He was in-bred in King Herod, his dam having been by Highflye]', and his sire out of a Herod mare ; whilst his grandsire. King Fergus, by Eclipse, was out of a mare by Tartar, sire of Herod." " The Waltons and Haphazards may well be classed together. In blood they were nearly identical, being by Sir Peter out of mares by Eclipse, or his son Dungannon." Of Walton's de- scendants. Partisan, Yenison, and Gladiator, are the most prized ; and the blood of the last two is by many considered equal to any thing out. " Nothing can exceed the beauty of form from the combination of the Waxy and Sir Peter blood, as in Gladiator and Kingston ; remarkable for blood-like frames, Arabian-look- ing heads," &c. &c. "The Sorcerers," descended from Mat- chem and Diomed, " are large, fast," &c., " like the Mel- bournes " — " fit for any work but turning corners." " East enough for any thing, but require time to fill up their frames." " Over a distance of ground, most of these strains would gen- erally be beaten by the stock of Whalebone or Orville."
After this " disquisition" on breeding, it is left for American breeders to decide for themselves, without further counsel, from
463 TIIE nOKSE.
what blood and what stallions they are to look for the perpetua- tion of the best stock in this country. Most of our horses of celebrity are considerably advanced in age, as Trustee, Glencoe, and Margrave. Those most distinguished on our turf, that need not be named, are yet imtried in the stud. As for the result — nous ve7Tons. Others may furnish the "Spirit" brief and intel- ligible pedigrees of a score or more of our best American-bred stallions, of which I am incapable. Kentucky, our present " race-horse region," seems to have benefited by crossing judi- ciously the Sir Archy stock with good English horses ; and both with the American Eclipse blood, especially as transmitted by Medoc. Observer.
BEST FOUR-MILE-HEAT RACES — TIME AND WEIGHT EXAMPLES
LECOMTE, LEXINGTON, ETC.
Mr. Spirit. — As our representatives say on the floor of Con- gress, will you allow me " to define my position ? "
The crude vagaries and vaticinations of " Observer," shall have farther notice. The "vagaries," as alleged, ithasbeen shown have been creditably shared on both sides of the Atlantic. In respect to the influence of weight upon the time of a race, very different opinions have been entertained. In England so much importance is not attached to time as in our country ; more to weight. With us, some think " the best horse America ever produced " must necessarily run four miles in the fastest time.
The fallacy of this is apparent. Who remembers the time of mau}^ of the best horses of England and America ? The fa- mous Eeel's fastest race was her last, when beat by George Martin, with less weight for age, in almost the precise time of Tally-ho's two heats ! Florizel and Monarch were so superior to all competitors as never to be put to their speed by any of them. More cases of the kind have occurred in England than in America. But the system of racing in the two countries is now so diff'erent as scarce to admit of comparison. In England, by handicapping, putting heavier weights on the best horses to produce an equality, the inferior ones most frequently win ; and,
ECLIPSE AND CHILDEE3. 463
witli light weights, they make faster races than their superiors. This is well understood in England. For example ; Inheritor's reputed race, at three years old, 86 lbs., two miles in 3m. 25.
Without expressing an opinion relative to the proper consid- eration to he attached to weight, both upon time and the results, two examples will answer the purpose.
" Glaucus, 5 years old, S stone 7 lbs. — 119 — September, 1835, at Doncaster, beat Muley Moloch, 5 years old, 8 stone 10 lbs., two miles, in 3m. 44s."
" Muley Moloch, two days before, 8 stone 9 lbs. each, beat Glaucus, the same course and the same distance, in 3m. 40s.
" These races were timed by an American gentleman."
"VVe avail ourselves, from the " American Turf Ilegister," — vol. 3, pp. 347, 348, 349 — of the opinion of one of our ablest turf writers — the late Judge Duval, of the IT. S. Supreme Court for the District of Maryland, in which he resided — touching this subject. He says if the accounts of Childers be true, he " must have run nearly half a mile in lour faster than any other horse, Eclipse excepted, which ever ran in England." But he doubts the statement, and points out its absurdity and contra- diction ; concluding with the remark, relative to Childers, " whereas in his fastest race, when he ran four miles in 6m. 48s., he was moving at the rate of little more than 51 feet 9 inches in a second, and at the rate of a mile in Ira. 42s." — Be it ob- served, the fastest mile on record, as having been run in this country, was by ITegira, with catch weight, near ISTew Orleans, in Im. 42^s.^' The Judge adds; — "Eclipse ran at York four- miles in 8m., carrying 12st., 168 lbs., 42 lbs. more than the standard weight at this time. If the calculation of old experi- enced sportsmen, that the addition of seven pounds weight in the rider makes the difference of a distance, which is 240 yards, in a heat of four miles, be correct, then the running by Eclipse, carying 40 lbs. more weight than Childers, will prove that Eclipse was the swiftest animal. If he had carried only 128 lbs. lie would, according to the computation, have run the distance in 93 seconds less than with 168 lbs. ; this would have reduced the time from 8m. to 6m. 27s. Your correspondent entertains the opinion, that if Childers and Eclipse had flourished at the same time, Eclipse would have proved himself superior to Chil- * This cannot be proven.
464 THE nORSE.
ders in a race of four miles and repeat. Cliilders flourislied in 1721-2, Eclipse in 1Y69-T0." — For tlieir memoirs see American Tm-f Register. The Judge concludes ; — " Kext to these cele- brated racers, perhaps Highflyer was the fleetest horse that has been raised in England. As it does not appear that liis run- ning has ever been timed, no opinion approaching to certainty can be hazarded ; but as he beat with ease Dorimant, Shark, Dragon, Dictator, &c., which were among the best horses then on the turf, it may be assumed as a fact, that he was the third horse in speed ever bred in England."
" It should be recollected that Lath, Babraham, Dismal, Dormouse, Mirza, and Regulus. Avere never beaten. We have no evidence that their running was ever timed."
According to tlie memoir of Eclipse — from page 541 to p. 547, vol. 3, " American Turf Register," — it does not appear that in any of his eighteen races his time was at all noted, excepting at York, at six years old, as above quoted. " In truth, not any horse had a shadow of a chance of winning against Eclipse." On more than one occasion he distanced the whole field, and it appeared he could do so whenever he chose. " He was never beaten, never had a whip flourished over him, or felt the tick- ling of a spur."
Suppose our turfmen try the experiment of weight, as in the above cases, with their vaunted steeds, and furnish the results for publication.
Those deemed our best four-mile races are as follows, ar- ranged according to the fastest time ; —
Lecomte, 3 years 11 months old, carrying 89 lbs., beating Lexington, on the Metairie Course, near New Orleans, in 7ra. 26s.— 7m. 38is.
Fashion, 5 years old 111 lbs., beating Boston, aged, 126 lbs., en the Union Course, near New York city. Long Island, in 7m. 32^8.— 7m. 45s.
Tally-ho, 4 years 6 months old, 104 lbs., on the same course beating Bostona and Free Trade in 7m. 33is.— 7m. 43|s. — 7m. 52s. — 8m.l0-2-s. — Free Trade, winner of the first heat, was dis- tanced in the second.
Eclipse, aged, 126 lbs., beating Henry, 4 years old, 108 lbs.,
FAST RACES. 465
Bame course — Henry winner of the first heat — in Yni. 37|s. — 7m. 49s.— Sm. 24s.
Dick Doty, 4 years 6 months old, 100 lbs., beating Little Flea and others at Lexington, Kentucky, in 7m. 37|s. — 7m. 46|s.
Red Ej^e, 7 years, 124 lbs., beating Nina, at Broad Rock Course — 100 and more feet over a mile, see late " Spirit," — near Richmond, "Virginia — Nina winning the second heat — in 7m. 46— 7m. 46|s.— 7m. 49s.
Red Eye, aged, 124 lbs., beating One-Eyed Joe — winner of tlie first heat — and Fanny Fern, at Baltimore, in 7m. 43s. — 7m. 45s. — 8m. 24s. Red Eye had previously beat Joe in two and three-mile heats.
It is left for others to draw their own conclusions from the relative ages and weight, as well as the courses, as to the best of these races according to the time made. Boston has won the two fastest four-mile heats at Newmarket, the first heat, in one race, 7m. 50s. ; and the second heat, in the other, 7m. 52s.
In respect to Tally-ho's race there has been an erroneous statement, no doubt unintentionally, in the reflection on some of " Observer's fast races," as follows ; — " Between Free Trade, Tally-ho, and Bostona, Free Trade won the first heat, and was distanced," — the second. — " Bostona, then, who had not run for the firsts came and won the second, sliowing a falling off" of ten seconds. Li the 7m. 26s. and 7m. 38|s., Lecomte won both." In this extract there is this mistake. Tally-ho won the second heat. As stated at the time, " his is undoubtedly the best race, of four-mile heats that has been run any where ; having run for every heat, and been lapped with the winner the heats he lost ; the falling off was ten seconds between the first and second heat, nine seconds between the second and third."
To draw correct deductions, it is essential the premises b?. correct. Arguing from the record, " Observer " has sometimes been prophetic in his predictions and opinions. For example, judging from Henry's race with Eclipse, in the then "unprece- dented " and almost incredible time, such as many believed would never have its parallel, " Observer" predicted their time would be surpassed on the same course ; as it has been by Fashion and Boston, and by Tally-ho and Bostona ; and in the Vol. L-30
466 THE H0K8E.
aggregate, tlioiigli not in the first heat, by Peytona and Fash ion — the last 7m. 39|s.— 7m. 45|s.
Again, in the 12th volume of the " American Turf Register, for 1841," page 202, '' Observer " wrote ; " for renown, both on the turf and in the stud, in my humble judgment, none but Sir Archy deserves to be regarded as the American Highflyer. It remains to be seen if his incomparable descendant, Boston, as compared with our race-horses of the last twenty years, can in the stud supply Sir Archy's unoccupied place ; and maintain his own renown, and that of his — other — illustrious ancestors, Flo- rizel and Timoleon, that were respectively at the head of our turf; and, excepting himself, as good race-horses as ever run in our country, if not the very best. Boston retires with an unri- valled reputation " — this, be it observed, preceded his covering one season, and being brought again upon the turf, and en- countering Fashion ; — " one, too, much longer enjoyed than by any ' illustrious predecessor.' For years he has defied all op- position at three and four-mile heats. From "his pei-form- ances — as referred — I have but little doubt he might have run his four miles, carrying, too, 126 Ihs., lower down in the thirties than a four-mile heat has ever been achieved in this country. The rate of Im. 53s. a mile would bring out a four-mile heat in Tm. 32." In his subsequent match race with Fashion, coming in lapped with her, the first heat was in Tm. 32^s. ; and it is now believed that when he beat Carter, the heat would have been some seconds faster than that if his competitor had not given up his run at the end of three miles, in 5m. 36s.
In closing his article in defence of Boston, in reply to " A Young Turfman," Nov. 12th, 1853, " Observer " wrote ; he " has been again fortunate in the prediction that Red Eye and Nina would contribute to the fame of Boston, and that in matches against them, and others of Bostoris get, such as Dick Doty, Lexington, Lecomte, and Arrow, it would be difiicult to find the get of any other famed horse, either a Glencoe, or a Sovereign, to put against the get of Boston." Was that a " crude vaticination," especially as regards Lecomte ? Has not " A Young Turfman " himself adopted the opinion of " Observer " in respect to " Old White-Nose ? " He thinks " there is nothing on record, in this or any other country, to disprove the assertion
LECOMTJfi. 467
tliat Lecomte's time — Tm. 26s. — 7m. 38|s. — is tlie best ever made at fom- miles, weight for age." He adds; "tliough Le- comte's time be the best on record, we believe few turfites who saw the race doubt his ability to have run the first heat in Tm. 24s., and the second in 7m. 35s." This admission, respecting a son of Boston^ is surely creditable to the candor of " A Yount Turfman."
From the description of him by "Equus," for which you. correspondent feels obliged, it seems Lecomte resembles his sire in form, color, and marks — even the white nose — and a white leg, like his ancestor. Eclipse, to which, by the way, no horse now upon the turf is nearer related — though, in soine respects, smaller than his lineal ancestors, Timoleon and Boston, it seems Lecomte is near the size and dimensions of American Eclipse.
" According to " Equus," the " average time of each mile of the first heat was Im. 51|s. ; the last two miles of the second heat is 3m. 38|s. ; the three last miles of the first heat \ii 5m. 33s. ; the four miles in 7m. 26s. ; and the third mile of the sec- ond heat in Im. 46s. ; " concluding that " the average of the heats beat the fastest time on record, even in a single heat, or a dash of four miles," — " that the last two miles of the last heat has never been beaten but three times, even in races of two-mile heats," — " that the time of the last three miles of the first heat has never been beaten or equalled, even at heats of three miles ; " and that " the seventh mile has never been beaten but three times," — in mile heats — " and then only by half a second — Le- comte himself being one that beat it, beating Conrad the Cor- sair, who subsequently made it in a third heat — Flying Dutch- man being the first horse that ever made it." But does not " Equus " overlook Hegira's mile in Im. 42|s.,* and the recent performances of Charles Ball in Im. 48s. — 1 m. 45|s." " Equus " thinks their time " will never be equalled, unless " these sur- passing sons of Boston, " Lecomte and Lexington, meet again," under similar circumstances ; as in their four-mile race, '* the fastest mile, the fastest two miles, the fastest three miles, and the fastest four miles were made " during the distinguished meetings of " three weeks." They too, " have never been beaten except b-"- each other."
* See Note * on page 475.
468 TUE HOESE.
In defining my position, I can subscribe to all tliis ; and that they have run the fastest four miles of any ever run in this country, by six seconds ; and yet think it " questionable " that either of them is " the best horse ever produced in America." To say nothing more of Sir Archy, or their sire Boston — their otlier ancestor, Florizel, like English Eclipse, knew nothing of whip or spur, frequently distancing renowned competitors, and retiring from the turf when no other opponent would meet him ; this, too, in the days of such " cracks " as the Maid of the Oaks, of Post Boy, of First Consul, and of Oscar and others ; not one of them daring to accept a challenge of $10,000 a side. Le- comte's otlier ancestor, Timoleon, was so superior to his contem- poraries. Reality, Lady Lightfoot, and others, in their palmy days, that " the Napoleon of the Turf," the late W. E. Johnson, has said of him : " I have seen him run all the races in Vir- ginia he ever ran ; his performances, from one to four-mile heats, has been such as would do credit to the hest runner in either this country or Europe." To this day, i\\e fastest race of mile heats, at Newmarket, the spring he was three years old, was won by Timoleon in Im, 4:Ts. — Im. 48s., distancing the field the second heat. The preceding day he had won a match race of half a mile. Such authority has weight with " Ob- server." Still he sees no reason why Lecomte and Lexington may not be as far superior to all of the American horses as Childers and Eclipse were reputed to be in England. But he does not perceive that such a proposition is yet proven.
One of " Observer's " vagaries was shared by Larkin — and he saw the great race between the wonderful sons of Boston — who concludes his statement as follows ; " there is a great di- versity of opinion among all classes of the racing and sporting community in regard to the question of superiorty between the two horses, and if they were started on a match to-morrow, it is very hard to say which would be the favorite."
Although admitting " they are two of the best horses that ever appeared on the American Turf," west of the Alleghanies ; and that they are now superior to any horse upon the Amer- ican Turf ; yet " Observer," from all he has heard, and for the reasons he has assigned, is not prepared to say that either " Le- comte " or Lexington is " the hest race-horse America has ever
HOESES OF THE OLDEN" TIME. 469
produced." Some weight having been attached to his opinion, he is induced to repeat this declaration, in thus defining his position. As Brutus said to Cassius, " an older, not a better." " Did /say better ? " Non ego. Obsekver.
TO "IPSUS, OF ENGLAND.
The English blood horse was known in Virginia, our ancient dominion, the mother of States, and of our best race-horses formerly — heretofore considered our " race-horse region " — long before any Stud Book appeared in England, the pursuits of the turf having been introduced to Virginia during the reign of the Stuarts ; but, until within a few years, pedigrees, often lost, de- pended, almost wholly, upon the mere certificates of the gen- tlemen of the olden time. Their blood stock originally de- scended from the best of England, the basis of the Virginia race-horse during the days of the Colonial government ; when " Fearnought was the Godolphin Arabian of Virginia," though " Jolly Boger had a prior claim to that distinction," with whose name, and that of Janus, many of our thoroughbred j)edigrees terminate. " The judicious breeders of the present day, when they have the ancient crosses of Fearnought, Joll}^ Boger, Mon- key', Othello, Silver Eye, and Morton's Traveller, in their jjedi- grees, want no other aid of foreign crosses, to insure speed, bottom, lastingness, and ability to carry heavy weights."
For near a third of a century succeeding the Bevolution that separated the Colonies from Great Britain, the following Eng- lish horses contributed chiefly towards the improvement of the American race-horse — viz., Bedford, Citizen, Clockfast, Dare Devil, Diomed, Gabriel, Medley, Messenger, Saltram, Shark, and Spread Eagle. Other importations during the same period, such as Buzzard, Chance, Clifden, Cormorant, Dragon, Oscar, Precipitate, Sir Harry, Whip, &c., were not equally successful, as stallions, in Virginia. Diomed, Saltram, Sir Harry, and Spread Eagle, it will be remembered, were Derby winners. Buzzard had the first celebrity on the turf and in the stud in England, especially as the lineal ancestor of Selim, Castrel, Saltram, Bay Middleton, the Queen of Trumps, Flying Dutch
470 THE HOESE.
man, and other cracks, many of them winners of the Derby and of tlie Oaks. Buzzard would be scarcely remembered in American pedigrees but for his son Hephestion, out of Sir Archy's dam, and as the sire to the dam of "Woodpecker, the sire of Grey Eagle. Many of our pedigrees, including that of Grey Eagle, trace to Col. Tasker's Selima, by the Godolphin Arabian, or to Mr. Carter Braxton's Kitty Fisher, by Cade, mares of the first distinction both on our turf and in the stud.
The excellence of the breed of our race-horses is likely to be perpetuated by the more recent importations of such horses as Priam, Barefoot, Margrave, Kowton, St. Giles, Squirrel — six Derby and St. Leger winners — Zinganee, Leviathan, Glencoe, Trustee, Eiddlesworth, Belshazzar, Sarpedon, Consul, Emanci- pator, Nonplus, Tranby, Cetus, Chateau Margaux, Fylde, Luz- borough, Skylark, Monarch, Sovereign, &c.''"' The last two names are not found in the English Stud Book. The}'' were from the Hampton Court Stud. Monarch, on account of his brilliant turf achievements in South Carolina, winning all his races, is believed to be tlie best son of Priam, out of Delphine, by Whisker ; and Sovereign, by Emilius, out of George lY.'s famous race-mare Fleur-de-Lis, the best race-horse of her day in England.
The application of the preceding remarks to the origin and blood of our race-horses will be now made to those fast and stout competitors, Boston and Fashion, whose race of four-mile heats is regarded, with us, as among the best on record ; respect- ing which an intelligent commentator, " Larkin," remarks — " In a comparison between Boston and Fashion, under equal circum- stances, the papers are rather against Fashion. "When called on, she could not run a heat in 7.40, with her weight, at eight years old. Boston, when nine years — can-ying 5 lbs. more than Fashion — ran a first heat in T.33, and a second in 7.46. Fashion, the winner of the match race, was five years old, and carried 111 lbs." However, Henry, by Sir Arcliy, dam by Diomed, grandam by Bell Air — son of Medley — when barely four years old, carrying 108 lbs., had the honor to " show the way to the thirties " in his match race with American Eclipse, four-mile heats, run in 7.37| — 7.49. Eclipse, aged, 126 lbs., the winner of the second and third heats, the last in 8.24, was * See Note f on page 475.
THE LAST EACES. 471
hj the Yirginia-bred Duroc, son of Diomed, dam by English Messenger, out of an English mare, by PotSos, son of Eclipse. Boston's achievements are referred to in the 13th volume of the " American Turf Kegister," thus — " No horse ever had a higher reputation, or sustained it more nobly. His career has been brilliant beyond all comparison ; for years he had no equal, and he leaves behind him no superior. He has started in over forty races, and has won about thirty at four-mile heats alone. He has won in stakes and purses, for his owners, nearly sixty tliousand dollars ; while the amount he has won for his different backers would probably exceed half a million ! " The time of Boston's race with Fashion has never been rivalled, ex- cept by his own offspring — Tally-ho and Bostona on the Union Course, New York State ; Bed Eye and Nina near Bichmond, Virginia; and lately, by Lecomte and Lexington, near New Orleans.
THE KACING AT NEW ORLEANS.
EEFLECTIONS OiN' THE LAST RA0E8 OF " THE BEST TIME EVER MADE," AT THEEE AND FOUR-MILE HEATS, "WOX BY SONS OF BOSTON.
The " record," both as regards the past, and now for the present, puts an end to " tlie Boston controversy."
The following extracts are made from late New Orleans papers.
The best thue evek made — Seven minutes and twenty- six seconds. — Lecomte, the Red River horse, now stands the champion of the world; and who is able to tear the laurels from his noble brow ? The fastest time on record was made by Fashion, on the Long Island Course, in 1838, when she beat Boston, the sire of Lecomte, in 7.32^. The next best time was made by George Martin, over a Louisiana course, George Mar- tin ran a heat at New Orleans, in 7.33 ; Miss Foot a second lieat in 7.35. Yesterday's race marks a new era in the turf calendar ; and hereafter when you speak of time, you must say, " fastest time on record." — Lecomte, ly Boston, out of Bed, won a heat on the 8th of April, 1854, over the Metairie Course, State of Louisiana, in 7.2G.
473 THE HORSE.
The Great Race. — The race of yesterday was the greatest and most brilliant one that has ever occurred in America. The result will produce a profound impression throughout the coun- try. The glories of Eclipse, of Boston, of Fashion, of all the other classic heroes and heroines of the turf, must pale before the glory of the modern champions, who, yesterday, made the most marvellous display of speed on record. Here is feasible proof that this is an age of progress. We have not degene- rated in horse flesh, if we have in a great many other matters. "We, of this much calumniated century and epoch, boldly fling Lexington and Lecomte into the faces of preceding generations, and ask them if they can beat that time — the first four miles in seven minutes twenty- six seconds^ and second heat of four miles in seven mimitcs and thirty-eight and three-qiiarter seconds f Shades of John Eandolph, and "William R. Johnson, and of your contemporaries — who'were so intensely excited by the great con- test between the North and South, when Henry and Eclipse decided a great question of sectional pride — will ye not be startled in your shadowy retreats by the wonderful figures v/hich were yesterday exhibited from the judges' stand on the Metairie ? "Where now is the great time of Boston and Fashion, 7.32J ; of George Martin, 7.33, and Miss Foot, 7.35 ; of Grey Medoc, 7.35, over a better track than the Metairie presented yesterday ?
It was a beautiful race from the start. The great display of Lexington on Saturday, when he so easily beat a horse which came to this city with more reputation than any horse in the United States enjoyed, had made him a general favorite, Tlie bets were on him against the field, and, in many cases, two to one were ventured on him against Lecomte ; Eeube was but little regarded, and was thrown in, to take the chances of any accidents, or in case that three heats were run. with a hope that his endurance might tell in so long a stretch. The contest was a noble and close one between Boston's two gallant colts.
In the first heat they ran regularly, Lecomte a few lengths ahead all through, and winning the heat in 7.26. After this the bets were decidedly in his favor, two and even three to one. Tlie second heat was a varied and most exciting contest. Lex- ington got the start, and kept it until the second mile, when they closed in the quarter stretch ; after a prodigious struggle,
lecomte's race. 473
Lecomte sliot ahead, and continued gaining, until half way in the third mile, a formidable gap was made between them, pro- ducing serious apprehensions that it would be a contest between Lexington and Keube, which should be worse distanced. But suddenly Lexington gathered himself up, and putting out all his power, closed upon Lecomte, and in the last mile the strug- gle became a very close and intensely exciting one, Lecomte comino; in about a length or so ahead of his rival.
The enthusiasm and hurrahs of the multitude at the termi- nation of the race denoted not so much the general satisfaction in the victory of Lecomte, as in the brilliant character of the contest, and the splendid achievements of both horses. Two more equal champions could not be pitted against each other. The old Boston blood is conspicuous in both ; they are the no- blest living representatives of the numerous progeny of that noble old patriarch of the turf in the United States. Much is due, no doubt, to the fine training of these two splendid horses, under the direction of Colonel Bingaman and General Wells, in whose stables Lecomte and Lexington have been trained, and who, with Messrs. Kenner, Minor, and other plant- ers of Louisiana and Mississippi, gave more attention to the care and training of their fine bloods than any other gentlemen in the United States. The Boston blood is pretty certain to display its excellence. Louisiana may now boast of having the two fastest and greatest horses in America, or that ever ap- peared on the turf in this country.
Far be it from one who entered the arena in defence of Bos- ton, his blood, and his progeny, to detract at all from the fame of " Lecomte, by Boston, out of Reel " — the winner, last year, of mile heats in the fastest time on our record, and also on the Metairie Course, in 1.45^ — 1.48^, and without being urged at all — or to question that he has run four miles, and fonr-mile heats, " in the fastest time on record ; " yet, before the conclu- sion is admitted, that Lecomte's is the '■'■lest race" that has been run in America, or that he " stands proudly before tho world as the best race-horse ever produced on the turf," the re- cord should be consulted in respect to some other races, as run by Fashion and Boston, Tally-ho and Bostona, Bed Eye and
474 THE HORSE.
Nina, and vy Eclipse and Henry. It will be discovered, espe- cially at the most northern course, " The Union," near the city of New York, that more weight was carried for age, and for colts, too, nearly of the same age, and that there was a shorter interval between the heats in tliose races than in Lecomte's — con- siderations that may fully compensate for the difterence in the time as made at the Union and the Metairie Course. We will now pass by those — until now the fastest on record — to the ear- lier achievement of Henry, son of Sir Archy, as compared with that of Lecomte. At the time of each race, there was scarcely a month's difference in their ages, if as much. Henry, as a four-year-old, in May, carried 108 lbs. Lecomte, as a three- year-old, in April, 86 lbs. Had Henry's been in April, as a three-year-old, instead of May, as a four-year-old, witli the dif- ference of weight, who can doubt that he would have beat Eclipse? Non ego. Let Lecomte take up 108 lbs. Who can doubt that he cannot come within ten seconds of his late race ? Non ego. Reube, of the age, but not with quite the weight of Eclipse, ran in as good time as Eclipse, in his great race. " Keube's time, the first heat, Y.37," and, in the second heat, was about equal to Eclipse's 7.49, although the red flag was shaken in the face of Reube.* But, in four-mile heats, at the Union, the interval between the heats is thirty minutes, whereas, at the Metairie, it is 45 minutes.
Let the rules of the Union Course be applied, at the Me- tairie, to Lecomte, and it is very questionable, at least such is the opinion of some, whether Lecomte will do better than Henry, with the weight he carried when of the same age ; and it is hardly to be expected from Lecomte, that, at nine years old, he can take up Boston's weight — 126 lbs. — as carried in his match race with Fashion, and that the son should then surpass the achievement of the sire. Until these things are done, the writer questions the justice of the claim for Lecomte, brilliant as his achievement is — first heat of four miles in 7.26 ; second heat, 7.38f ; the third mile of the last heat in 1.46, and the last two miles in 3.38f ! — that he is " the l)est race-horse ever pro- duced " in America, to say nothing about England. Boston's name must still stand " foremost on the file."
YoJir correspondent, Mr. " Spirit," is neither " a prophet nor * Reube never ran a heat in 7.37. — Ed.
OBSERVEE. 475
a son of a prophet," yet he has been singularly fortunate, as you may recollect, in some of his vaticinations — not only about "Boston and his get," but in one of them — as on another occa- sion— having actually j9^(2C^(i Lexington, Lecomte, and High- lander, as in the great stake race, remarking, however, in another article, that, judging from the blood and performances of Lecomte, he thought it " not unlikely " he would win, having years ago predicted in the " Spirit," loug before it was accom- plished, that the day would come when the time of Eclipse and Henry would be beat at the Union. Subsequent events speak for themselves.
However, it is undeniable that Lecomte has run the fastest four miles on our record, and it may be questionable if it can be surpassed by any horse in the country with a feather. At three-mile heats. Arrow, another son of Boston, has surj)assed, in like manner, the time of all other races at that distance, in accomplishing 5.33|— 5.36 — 5.43|. Blonde may yet prove "an ugly customer " to Lecomte, having beaten with ease, in nearly as good time, the competitor of i\.rrow, in the last fast race.
Instead of speculations, amateurs at a distance from Louis- iana would be more gratified in learning oi facts connected with cracks ; besides all the minutiae of their exploits and blood, to have descriptions of the horses themselves — their size, color, beauty, form, points, &c. Obsekvek.
EDITORIAL NOTES.
* (P. 467.) Hegira never ran a mile in 1.42^. She ran two miles, witli feather weight, in 3.34^.
f (P. 4*70.) Monarch and Sovereign are not to be found named in the Engli.sh Stud, but the years of their foaling, 1834 and '36, with the color of the colts, and a note stating, can be found under the produce of their respective dams, Dolphine and Fleur-de-Lis. See English Stud-Book, vol. 4, pages 117 and 168.
THE TRUE UTILITY
OF THE THOROUGHBRED RACE-HORSE.
If the advantage to be derived from the thoroughbred horse depended on no more than his applicability to the turf and his fitness for racing purposes, I should not have assigned to him the prominent place, which he occupies in this work.
In fact, the race-course was not, in the beginning, so much as thought of as a scene for the display of his high qualities ; much less was racing considered as an end, for which the Eastern horse was imported into Europe, by our ancestors.
It was for the improvement of the native stock of horses, in the various European kingdoms, by giving to them speed and endurance, in which points no other breed can compare with them, that the Asiatic and !North- African horse was so eagerly sought by the monarchs, especially of England, during the seventeenth, and the early part of the eighteenth century.
At first, the race-course was resorted to, solely, as a method of testing the prevalence or superiority, in certain animals or breeds of animals, of those qualities of speed and endurance, which can, by no other known method, be so completely, so accurately and so fairly brought to the test.
Soon after the introduction of the thoroughbred-horse, this process of testing his qualities grew into a favorite sport with all classes of persons in England. Race courses multiplied, throughout the kingdom, and racing became an established na- tional institution.
Thenceforth, in some degree, the objects of the possessors
OBJECT OF RACING. 477
and breeders of race-liorses underwent a change ; and what had been the means became more or less the end. Horses, in a high form, of the purest and most favorite strains of blood, were eagerly sought, and commanded large prices, for the purposes of sport and honorable competition, as was the case in ancient Greece, at the period of the Olympic games.
At a yet later date, a second change of object has taken place ; and, with but few exceptions, the thoroughbred horse is now kept, both in England and this country, for the paramount pur- poses of money-making, either by the actual winning of his prizes, or by his services in the stud, after his racing career is finished ; for either, or both, of which objects, the highest development of the two qualities of speed and endurance — wliich can only exist in conjunction with thorough blood — coupled with form and size, are absolutely required.
Still, in England, especially, tlie first end of improving the breed of the general hoi'se, has never been lost sight of ; and racing has been always so constantly regarded, as the only me- thod of inducing the maintenance of studs of thoroughbreds, and the continuance of a supply of pure blood, that it has been continually supported by government, as a national institution ; and benefit-prizes, varying in amount from 250 to 500 dollars, have been given to be run for, annually, or biennially, at many establislied race-courses, in every county of England, to the aggregate of many thousand pounds sterling.
Kacing and race-courses, therefore, are still, as they were intended to be from the first, the best and only mode of really improving the general stock of any country ; although the ani- mals employed may be kept, merely, or generally, for the gratification of cupidity and the excitement of the contest — the race-courses patronized only by the seekers of an amusement, in whicli none but fools and fanatics can find any thing, intrin- sically, blamable or demoralizing. If it be admitted that racing and i-ace-courses are subject to occasional abuses, that is only to admit them not to be exempt from a necessary condi- tion of every thing human, not excluding religion itself. That they are peculiarly, or more than other institutions, involving large congregations of men and women, subject to such abuses, is, in no respect, demonstrable or true ; and I will defy any
478 THE HORSE.
person who has ever witnessed a general training in the stea- diest and most straitlaced of the New England States, or a camp-meeting, any where, to say that he has not been directly cognizant of more gross immorality at either of these, than he ever beheld on a regularly established race-course.
Two charges, especially, of gambling and of cruelty, have been brought against racing and race-courses, both charges irrationally and unjustly ; although most of the State Legislatures of America — which seem to have an especial mission for legislat- ing about every thing which ought to be let alone, and for letting alone every thing which ought to be the subject of legis- lation— have assumed the right of passing judgment, on both these charges ; and prohibiting, or to the utmost discouraging a noble sport, directly tending to the improvement of tlie first and most valuable domestic animal, and the development of the wealth, the resources and the power of the nation, and the manhood of its urban and rural population.
The first charge is false, as belonging particularly to racing, or being especially stimulated by it.
Men, it is well known, who wish to gamble, will gamble, on any tiling or nothing. They may certainly bet on horses run- ning on the track, and do so — but they bet also on every ath- letic game ; on many scientific games, in which chance has no perceptible influence ; on their own powers ; on elections ; on casual events ; on drawing long straws ; on the running of wa- ter drops dovm a window pane.
I have never heard it proposed to put an end to elections, because men sometimes bet on them, although betting, in such cases, is not merely gambling, but barefaced bribery of the worst kind, and as such intended — yet it would scarcely be more absurd to prohibit elections, than to prohibit contests of run7iing horses — while contests of trotting horses, involving worse and more fraudulent gambling, fourfold cruelty, and infinitely more disorderly assemblages, are freely permitted — for the alleged reasons.
As to the allegation of cruelty, it is palpably childish, ab- surd, and — it is not too much to saj— false in the knowledge of those who make the charge. I have been an habitual attend- ant at all the principal race-courses of my native land, and of
RACING NOT CRUEL. 479
tliis country, since I was a boy of fourteen years, and I can af- firm that I never saw a single case of a horse cruelly overworked, to dire extremity, exhaustion, or death on a jDublic established race-course, in my life ; nor a single instance of a horse barba- rously and unmercifully punished, in order to force him to exert himself, a moment after it was notorious that he was doing his utmost.
I utterly disbelieve that any one else ever saw either thing — unless in the instance of some most rare and almost impossible exception. No concourse of jDCople would endure the spec- tacle— no owner of a horse, for his own sake, would ever al- low a jockey to ride again, Avho punished his horse brutally and needlessly, for reasons which are obvious.
Tliere is more cruelty practised on the roads, and on trotting courses, daily, in matching horses against time, and over-driving them against one another, than there is yearly on all the race- courses in the world.
I know no case, and I doubt if one ever occurred, of a race- horse being ridden to death, on an established race-course. There is scarce a year on which two or three trotters are not driven or ridden to death in time matches, on the track or on the road — not a day in which twenty wretched hacks and omni- bus horses are not worked and flogged to death, on the roads and streets of every large city in the United States. And it is safe to assert, that there is more barbarous, wanton, and profit- less torture of punishment inflicted on draft horses, every day, in every capital city whatsoever than in the course of a year on every race-course in the known world.
And these facts are, or ought to be, very well known to the sleek, legislatorial pharisees, who annually prohibit racing, not — as Macaulay well observed of the Puritans in regard to bear-baiting — not because racing gives j^ain to the horses, but because it gives pleasure to the people who uphold it.
The prices of racers, of high blood and in a high form, as a first condition, and the secondary expenses of keeping up an establishment for the purpose of breeding, conditioning, and maintaining large studs of thoroughbreds, are so great, that the possession of such establishments is necessarily limited, in all countries, to the wealthiest classes ; and is yet farther confined,
480 THE HORSE,
in America, by the necessity tliat race-liorse proprietors must, almost as a sine quanon, be country gentlemen, as opposed to the dwellers of cities ; which is not at present usually the case with the wealthiest, except in the Southern States.
The profits derivable from the mere service of stallions are so small, and the comparative want of use for mares and lillies of thorough-blood, except for turf-purposes and for becoming the progenitrixes of racers, renders them so unsalable for gen- eral objects, that no one would dream of keeping blood-stock, which he would necessarily do at a loss, were he not allowed to remunerate himself, either by his winnings, or — what is the same thing — his hopes of winning on the turf, or by the plea- sure and pride he takes in the performances and triumphs of his animals.
This he can do only by means of racing and race-courses. And it is idle to talk of any considerable number of men of wealth, incurring great expenses, involving considerable per- sonal trouble, from purely patriotic motives, in order to confer benefits on a country wdiicli does not appreciate those motives, and on a population which does all in its power to discourage their pursuit, and to thwart their efforts.
In times of public peril and emergency, men will often make heavy sacrifices, and devote even life itself for the public good — although, even in such cases, it may be doubted whether the craving for renown be not as much the incentive to the deed as the desire of promoting the common weal. But it is, I pre- sume, unheard of, that any large class of persons, under no ur- gency of state requirements, has ever, from mere prospective mo- tives of patriotic well-doing to future generations, largely ex- pended their means, their time and their talents, in order to produce results which they can never hope to see, and which, if they could, by no possibility could repay to them a tithe or a hundredth of their outlay.
The alternative, therefore, is indisputably this. Either race- courses and established racing, or no blood stables and thorough- bred stock in the land.
The question, Shall there be race-courses, or shall they bo proscribed as nuisances ? must be answered, then, according to the degree of utility which can be shown to be derivable from
PUKE BLOOD. 481
the raaintenance of a continued line of blood families, sufficient to supply stallions of first-rate qualities, to serve as progenitors to mares of all classes, and as the parents of half-bred, two-thirds bred, and yet more highly descended stock.
It is an unquestionable fact, that, on the Turf, nothing but what are admitted thoroughbreds can contend, with the slight- est hope of success, against thoroughbreds, even with any advan- tage of weights, short of loading down the pure-blooded animal, so that he should be unable to gallop.
In the hunting-field, which is the next trial in severity to a race-course, no partlj'-bred horse can by any possibility stay the distance, when hounds are running the pace, alongside of a tho- roughbred, equal to the weight he is called upon to carry, through deep ground and over fences.
The difiiculty of obtaining thoroughbreds equal to the enor- mous weights hunters are called upon to carry — varying from 13 to 17 stone, horseman's weight, viz., from 182 to 238 lbs.* — running over all inequalities of ground, with the plough-lands or turf often fetlock deep, and taking on an average six leaps, four feet and a half and upward in height, and twenty in extent, to the mile, at distances of six to twelve miles, and at the rate of twelve miles in the hour ; and the consequently enormous prices, commanded by horses of pure blood, with sufiicient bone, height, and reach, compel the use of part-bred horses for what are called welter weights, except in the flying grass countries, where nothing but thorough blood can do the thing quite well, and where, consequently, none but very rich men can pretend to hunt, if they ride heavy, and desire to ride in front.
Part-bred horses of four or five crosses are those, then, which are in most request for very heavy men in ordinary hunting countries ; while for light weights of 10, 11, and 12 stone
* That my readers may not suspect me of exaggeration, I would say that there were going, at the same time, with the Quorndon Hounds, in Leicestershire, at least twenty men above the lowest weights specified ; and at least a dozen, of whom I might name Lord Alvanley, Sir Harry Goodricke, Valentine Magher, Sir Richard Musgrave, Campbell of Saddell, and, occasionally, Dick Gurney — he twenty stone, or 280 pounds — above the highest weight I have named. All these men rode quite up to the hounds, and if not on perfect thoroughbreds, never on horses with lesa than five or six pure crosses. Vol. I.— 31
482 THE HORSE.
weiglit — 140, 154, and 168 pounds, respectively — three parts, two parts, and even half-bred horses are used in the plough countries, by men who cannot afford to go the figure for blood. But there is no such thing known as a horse got by a half-bred horse, even out of a fall-blooded mare, ever commanding a price, or going the pace, not quite, but even pretty, well, across a country.
For the hunter, therefore, in all recent times, since hounds run, or almost fly, instead of trailing along on a slow scent, the highest attainable degree of blood is desirable.
At maximum prices, any man of any weight, who can pre- tend to ride at all to hounds, if he choose to pay those prices, can be carried up to hounds on thoroughbreds.
And as to the idea of any man ever complaining that his hunter is too thoroughbred, I can only compare it to his com- plaining that his wife is too pretty.
It may be replied, that as, in America, we have no fox- hunting as a national sport, we, of course, need no hunters, more than we do racers ; that hunting and racing are the amuse- ments of the wealthy and privileged classes, only — are of no practical utility, and therefore, so far from being encouraged, ought actually to be discouraged.
For such balderdash, as even this, is unblushingly thrust upon the reluctant ears of men of common sense, by the blatant beasts vt^ho bellow their practical utilitarianism into the bedimmed and bedeafened brains of the groundlings. Nay, I have seen it pro- mulgated of late by the ignorant fanatics, who are roused into ludicrous frenzy by their perception of the returning sanity of the masses, as evidenced by the favor with which the trials of speed have been received at the agricultural exhibitions, in all parts of the United States, that .speed is a quality of no possible advantage or utility in a horse.
One would rejoice to learn what might be deemed an advan- tage to the noble quadruped, speed being, doubtless, admitted to lie a high quality in a cow, as giving milk has long been known to be the peculiar excellence of a pigeon. On the whole, perhaps, the horse himself is decided to be of no practical utiL ity, and therefore to be dispensed with ; in which case my argu- ments may be dispensed with also ; but until that shall be
FAST COACHING. 483
determined, I shall endeavor to sliow, that as a part-bred horse is the best general hunter, so is he, in a greater or less degree, according to the greater or less proportions of pure with cold blood, the best for all kinds of work, unless it be for draught of enormous burdens at a foot's pace. In the old days of English coaching, before the provinces of England were intersected by a network of iron rails, and hissing locomotives whirled their pas- sengers from Land's End to John o' Groat's, measuring their miles by minutes, speed was a desideratum in coaches ; and, as coaches were then drawn by horses only, it was not wholly useless in a horse.
In those days, the speed of the crack coaches, such as on the short roads, the Cambridge Star and Fly, the Brighton Age, the Portsmouth Telegraph, and on the long roads, the Leeds Rock- ingham and York Highflyer, carrying twelve outside and four inside passengers, in addition to the guard and coachman, and from half a ton to a ton and a half of baggage, was about fifteen miles, or from that to seventeen miles, an hour. I have repeat- edly travelled on either of the two Cambridge coaches, the whole distance to London — fifty-two miles — within three hours, including stoppages ; and I once travelled on the Leeds Rock- ingham, when that coach and the York Highflyer were running opposition, from that city to London — two hundred and one miles — in thirteen hours and thirty-five minutes, including all stoppages, part of the journey being night work.
Now, what were the horses by which these feats were ac- complished, each team doing its distance, varying from six to nine miles, up tlie road and back, once each day, Sundays ex- cepted, unless in the case of accident, or unusually severe and heavy roads ?
The question is answered in a moment. Four-fifths of all the teams were broken-down thoroughbreds, and the remaining one-fifth nearly pure-blooded hunters — all of them horses which had either gone slightly amiss, so as to be thrown out of their original emi3loyment, or had, in the first instance, been unfit, owing to want of speed or some unsoundness of wind or limb, for the course or the field. Nothing but these could have done it, once. The pace would have killed them the first day ; or if it had not done so, they could not have come again in a week.
484 THE HORSE.
These game animals, supported by their blood alone, and the iron hardness peculiar to the bones and muscles of tlioroughbreds — many of them, the leaders especially, little weedy-looking screws — did it, day after day, at a rattling gallop, except now and then up some unusually steep ascent, when they were pulled into a trot, comparatively uninjured. They were, of course, well fed, well groomed, well housed, and well driven ; and by well, I mean not only bountifully and carefully, but judiciously. But there was the daily distance to be done ; it had to be done, and it was done, in spite of roads or weather — unless it w^ere floods or snowdrifts — and I have often seen them so little the worse for the rating gallop of seven or eight miles in five and twenty minutes, with three or four tons at their heels, that they would bite at one another in play, wdien unhitched, and canter oflf to the stables with all their harness rattling aboitt them, before the new team was in their places.
That speed the people demanded, at that time ; and it had to be effected — that it was eftectcd, was the consequence of there being thoroughbreds in England, sufiiciently numerous and sufficiently cheap to be applied to coaching purposes.
It is useless to decry the advantages of speedy travel, in these days, when men will travel, at the risk of incurring actual peril of life and limb — if they travel far and frequently — equal to that faced b}^ a soldier in active service, in the fastest and most insecure of railroads and steamboats. And it is just as absurd to decry the utility of speed in horse-flesh, which is not incompatible with perfect security, as it were to maintain that slow trains are perferable to fast ones, and that it is better to cross the Atlantic in thirty days than in ten or eleven.
For if it be as good, or better, it is evident that people will not do it.
And just as well may we expect a traveller purposely to se- lect a slow steamer for an ocean transit, as to drive a slow horse and a bad traveller, when he can drive or ride one that rattles him off his fourteen or sixteen miles in an hour, with ease to himself, and pleasure to his owner.
It is a utilitarian maxim of the age tlicit time is money ; a maxim wdiich we hear most earnestly insisted on by the anti- race-horse, anti-trial- of-speed, anti-every-sort-of-amusement pha-
SPEED IS MONEY. 485
risees, with wliom money is not only the greatest, but the only, good.
Now it cannot be denied, that, in a far more matter of fact sense, than that in which time is said to be money, because out of time we may, or may not, according to our own abilities and other contingencies, make money, fast horses really are true, hard money. For in the exact ratio of their speed, other things being equal, will they command cash down.
Whether it be right or wrong, wise or unwise in the world, that it should be so, so it is ; and so long as the world will give large prices for fast horses, that can make the time, and stay the distance, so long do we opine that farmers, in general, and horse-breeding farmers, in particular, will judge it to be for their advantage to have their road-mare, if they keep one, or their plough-mare, if they do not, of a likely kind to drop a fast, well-shaped, enduring foal — in case they take a notion to throw her out of work for a while, and see if they can't get a clever colt out of her — will judge it to be for their advantage to stint her to a horse, which has shown himself by proof of trial, to be a sure getter of fast, hardy, and sound ones — even if he have to pay a handful of dollars for his service, more than for that of some loggy, lazy, swill-fattened drayhorse ; — and will judge it to be immensely to his advantage, if he find himself, at the end of three or four years, the owner of a young one, which realizes him eight hundred or a thousand, because he can go away down in the thirties, or half as much again, because he has the style, pace, action and speed to make a general offi- cer's battle-charger, or a match for a pair of round-steppers, which, together, will command three or four thousand, from a city- dealer — Neighbor No-advantage-in-speed-Sour-Grapes, to the contrary notwithstanding.
Now to the production of the animals of the types I de- scribe— I care not which of them — the blood sire is a requisite. And the better blood, the better I mean, for its proved trans- mission of speed and lasting, and the more of it, the better will be the foal ; whether he turn out a trotter, a charger, a hunter, a roadster, a carriage horse, or a mere machineer.
In whichever of these capacities he is fitted by his strength, size, weight, bone, show, speed, carriage, and action to excel,
486 THE HORSE.
rest assured beyond the possibility of a mistake, that the com- petitor, who is precisely his equal in every other respect, but his inferior in blood, he will beat in lasting, in coming again, and in endurance of punishment, by exactly so much as he does excel him in blood.
Nay ! if he have very long to last, and very often to come again, particularly at high weights, and in distress, he may safely allow him the advantage of a very superior turn of speed. And those lovers and admirers of the trotting horse, and depre- ciators of the race horse, as if he were a mere toy of luxury and idleness, an inciter to vain display, and an accomplice in sin and scandal, tacitly admit his immeasurable superiority as a progenitor, by the pains they take — wherever there is the shadow of foundation for such a pretence — to prove that the trotter is thoroughbred himself, or at least the product of three or four pure crosses.
For they well know that being shown fast^ in his own per- formnnce, and in his blood indisputably of high thorough strain, his value is multiplied tenfold. Such descent is all but a guar- antee that, whatever else he may turn out, he will not turn out a flincher or a dunghill.
Pedigrees of trotters are rarely to be ascertained, or even approximated, since they have for the most part passed through many hands, and are no longer young, before their powers are discovered — when it is too late to inquire. Still, it is known that many, and, for every reason, suspected that more of the best performers have been nearly if not quite thoroughbred.
Of this, however, I am prepared to treat more fully, when I come to speak of trotters and the trotting turf, the reason of their superior excellence and frequency in the United States, and of their rarity and inferior speed in Great Britain.
There is yet one branch of horse-breeding to be named, and that, perhaps, the most important in a national point of view. I mean the breeding of horses for mounting the cavalry service ; and in none is the use of the thoroughbred stallion, as a sire, so manifest as in this.
The requirements of cavalry service, in modern armies, are twofold — the first, outpost duty, making reconnoissances of wide tracts of country, and skirmishing — the second, charging
CAVALKT. 487
solid masses, whether of infantry or horse, at speed, in the actual shock of battle. For the first of these duties, activity, rather than speed, quickness, hardness, and endurance, are the essential qualifications — for the second, the union of the maxi- mum of speed with the maximum of the weight-carrying capacity.
In the charge of cavalry the measure of the impetus, or momentum, of the attacking body, is that of the weight multi- plied by that of the velocity of the impinging body.
It is evident, therefore, that the heavier the body which can be propelled at a given rate against a lighter body, going at the same rate — or the greater the speed at which any given body can be propelled against an equal body moving at inferior speed — the more powerful and certain the eifect of the charge.
In a word, the problem given to be answered is, how to propel the maximum weight at the maximum speed ?
The weight of an English trooper fully accoutred and in heavy marching order, is prodigious ; that of a hussar or light dragoon, averaging eighteen stone, or 250 lbs. ; that of a heavy dragoon, twenty stone, or 280 lbs. ; and that of a life-guardsman, or cuirassier, twenty-two stone, or 308 lbs.
Great power is of course required to mount these ponderous masses, but great speed is also required to move them ; for unless they can be launched at a tremendous rate, all the horses being so equal in their pace and stride that the line is kept perfectly dressed, and even, to the moment when the shock is to be given, the charge is a failure.
To attain this power of immense speed for a short time under a crushing weight, in the actual charge, and to combine with it the power of staying long distances, coming again quickly, moving actively, and enduring severe distress, nothing but the highest possible degree of blood that can be combined with bone, size, shape and action sufficient to endure such weights, and all this capable of being furnished at a possible price, can succeed. This can be, and is attained by the crossing choice blood stal- lions of the proper build and style on properly selected mares, to the second or third generation. The light brigade of Lord Cardigan, which made that prodigious charge and retreat, each of a mile and a half, was mounted on three parts blood-Iiorses.
488 THE HOKSE.
It is safe to assert that, had they been half-breds, not one hoi'se would liave got back into the British lines ; had they possessed no blood at all, they would all have stood still before they reached the Russian batteries.
The heavy brigade of Brig. Gen. Scarlet, which rode through the Russian troopers in fourfold force, as if they had been lines of pasteboard, were mounted on chargers having two crosses of pure blood, or as nearly so as possible.
Nothing but blood could have accomplished either feat.
And it is well to remember that, when cavalry meets cavalry in the deadly shock, both being equally brave and equally well led, that cavalry, which is horsed on chargers of the same weight, but of inferior blood and stride, must go down like grass before the scythe.
This is the pride and triumph of blood, that it can do every thing, for which it is intended, quite well, and that nothing else can do so ; with the exception of pulling tons of weight at a foot's pace ; and I have seen blood horses which could have done that too, had they been put to it ; one in particular, a gigantic stal- lion, named Belshazzar, which stood for country mares in the West Riding of Yorkshire, in about the year 1830. He was above seventeen hands high, and as large boned and generally powerful as any Conestoga horse I have since beheld.
The true utility of the thoroughbred horse, therefore, is the raising the standard of speed, spirit and endurance, which are hloodi in horses for all purposes, the road, the hunting field, the shock of the battle, for pomp, for speed, for courage, for true service.
AVoe to the country which, aspiring to equestrian fame, relies on any blood but that, or any mode of maintaining that, at its acme, but the assiduous encouragement and patronage of the race-horse and the turf.
It was thus that England won, centuries ago, her admitted invincibility, her immeasureable superiority over all European nations in her breed of horses ; not of one, but of all castes ; not for one use, but for all conceivable purposes ; thus, that she has preserved her prestige unaltered.
It is thus that we, following her example, can show one
THE ENGLISH HOESE. 489
country, the only one on earth to which it has been introduced, in which tlie English horse has not degenerated.
In every respect, at least, we stand equal to the mother country in her boasted equestrian glories ; in one particular, our trotting turf, and the consequence thereof, our light, active, hardy roadsters, we avowedly surpass her. With her hunters and steeple-chasers we have not, nor are like to have, any competi- tion ; but it is probable that, before these lines shall have been converted from manuscrijDt to type, the palm of the modern turf may have been lost and won.
All this, however, we have accomplished by cherishing what we have got from her, alone of nations, the pure blood of our thoroughbreds. If we lose that by our own neglect, or throw it away, in obedience to the folly of fanatical pharisees, it will be onr own fault ; and a fault which will deserve contempt, not pity ; committing which, we shall merit alike and receive the ridicule of all foreign nations, and the reprobation of our own people, before the birth of a second, much less a third, generation.
ESSENTIAL POmTS
IN THE THOROUGHBRED HORSE FOR RACING PURPOSES.
In the following description, the points of the thoronghbred horse are so admirably laid down by Stonehenge, and are so exactly those which I liold to constitute the perfection of a blood-horse in a high form, not only for racing purposes but as a stallion for improving the breed of animals, and for getting the best horses from any possible class of mare, for all possible uses, unless for the very slowest and most ponderous draught, that I extract it entire, endorsing it with all my strength, from an excellent work on British Rural Sports, to which I have here before recorded my indebtedness : —
Purity of blood is a sine qua non for racing purposes, but it is necessary to nnderstand what is meant by the term " blood." It is not to be supposed that there is any real differ- ence between the blood of the thoroughbred horse and that of the half-bred animal; no one could discriminate between the two by any known means ; the term " blood " is here synono- mous with hreed^ and by purity of blood we mean purity in the breeding of the individual animal under consideration; that is to say, that the horse which is entirely bred from one source is pure from any mixture with others, and may be a pure Suf- folk Punch, or a pure Clydesdale, or a pure thoroughbred horse. But all these terms are comparative, since there is no such animal as a perfectly purely bred horse of any breed, whe- ther cart-horse, hack, or race-horse ; all have been produced from an admixture with other breeds, and though now kept as
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f
TIAL
» nORSE FOR B
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tlier cart-horse, hack, or race-horse ; all have been produced from an admixture with other breeds, and though now kept as
PUKE BLOOD. 491
pure as possible, jet they were originally compounded from varying elements. Even the best and purest thoronghbreds are stained with some slight imperfections, and therefore it is only by comparison that the word pure is applicable to them or any others. But since the thoroughbred horse, as he is called, has long been bred for racing purposes, and selections have been made with that view alone, it is reasonable to suppose that this breed is the best for that purpose, and that a stain of any other is a deviation from the clearest stream into one more muddy, and therefore impure ; the consequence is, that the animal bred from the impure source fails in some of tlie essen- tial characteristics of the pure breed, and is in so far useless for this particular object. Kow, in practice this is found to be the case, for in every instance it has resulted that the horse bred with the slightest deviation from the sources indicated by the stud-book, is unable to compete in lasting power with those which are entirely of that breed. Hence it is established as a rule, that for racing purposes every horse must be thorough- bred ; that is, as I have already explained, of a sire and dam whose names are met with in the Stud Book.
The external form of the race-horse is of great importance ; but there is no douljt that the axiom is correct, " that the horse can run in all forms." The instances where this is so, however, are the excej^tional cases, and the rule, nevertheless, is a good one, which lays down that cceteris paribus, the horse will be the best runner which is formed in the mould most like that of the greatest number of good race-horses. Thus, supposing it is found that out of 50 good horses 49 have neat heads, light necks, deep chests, oblique shoulders, long racing hind-quarters, strong hocks, &c., the presumption will be that a horse resembling those 49 in shape will also resemble them in speed and endur- ance. On the other hand, it is admitted on the turf that high- breeding is of more consequence than external shape, and that of two horses, one perfect in shape, but of an inferior strain of blood, and the other of the most winning blood, but not so well formed in shape, the latter will be the most likely to perform to the satisfaction of his master on the race-course. On this principle the proverb has been framed and handed down to us, that " an ounce of blood is worth a pound of bone," and with
492 THE HOKSE.
the above explanation such is really the case. But in spite of all this recognized superiority of blood, it is indisputable that for tlie highest degree of success there must be not only high purity of blood, and that of the most winning strains, but there must also be a frame of the most useful character, if not always of the most elegant form. Many of our very best horses have been x^h'^in. and even coarse-looking — as, for instance, most of the Melbournes, and especially that very fast horse, Sir Tatton Sykes ; but, in spite of their plainness, all the points are good and useful, and the deficiency is in elegance, not in real utility. "Nothing can exceed the goodness of the frames of this horse's stock, and their width of hip and general roominess of make is such as to give them enormous power and great substance of muscle, which is particularly serviceable in the fillies got by him, a class of animals more often deficient in these points than colts. From this it results that the distinction must always be made between elegance and utility ; and it must be remembered, that while the former pleases the eye, it is not really conducive to victory ; whilst on the other hand, the ragged hips and gen- eral bony frames of some horses are not so elegant to the eye, but they give strong attachment to the moving powers, and also allow the muscular system to be largely developed on their foundation. The following are the generally admitted good points by which the race-course of high caste is distinguished from the common herd.
The height of the race-horse varies from 15 hands to 16 1-2 hands, or even 17 hands ; but the general height of our best horses is about 15 hands 3 inches. Few first-class performers have exceeded the height of Surplice, who is 16 hands 1 inch, as is also the winner of this year's Derby, Wild Dayrell, Sir Tatton Sykes is 15 1-2 hands ; and between his height and that of Surplice may be ranged every great winner for the last 10 or 12 years. This average, therefore, may be fairly laid down as the best height for the race-horse, though it cannot be denied that for some small and confined courses — as, for instance, that of Chester, a smaller horse of little more than 15 hands height lias a better chance, as being more capable of turning round the constantly recurring angles or bends.
The head and neck should be characterized by lightness.
SHAPE. 493
wliicli is essential for tliis department. Whatever is unneces- sary is so much dead weight, and we know the effect of 7 lbs. in impeding the horse over a distance of ground. Kow 7 lbs. are easily bestowed upon a neck which may differ in at least 20 or 30 lbs. between the two extremes of lightness and exces- sive weight. Thus, it may be considered as indubitable, that whatever is met with in the head and neck, which is not neces- sary for the peculiar purposes of the race-horse, is so much weight thrown away, and yet it must be carried by the horse. Such is the general character of this part; but in detail the head should be lean about the jaw, yet with a full development of forehead, which should be convex and wide, so as to contain within the skull a good volume of brain. Supposing this fulness to exist, all the rest of the head may be as fine as possible ; the jaws being reduced to a fine muzzle, with a slight hollowing out in front, but with a width between the two sides of the lower jaw where it joins the neck, so as to allow plenty of room for the top of the windpipe when the neck is bent. The ears should be pricked and fine, but not too short ; eyes full and spirited ; nostrils large, and capable of being well dilated when at full speed, wliich is easily tested by the gallop, after which they ought to stand out firmly, and so as to show the internal lining fully. Tlie neck should be muscular, and yet light ; the windpipe loose and separate from the neck — that is, not too tightly bound down by the fa-scia, or membrane of the neck. The crest should be thin and wiry, not thick and loaded, as is often seen in coarse stallions, or even in some mares. Between the two extremes of the, ewe-neck and its opposite there are many degrees, but for racing purposes I should prefer, of the two, the former to the latter ; for few horses can go well with their necks bent so as to draw the chin to the bosom ; but here, as in most other cases, the happy medium is to be desired, which is that exhibited in the figure of Kingston, who is a horse as remarkable for his shape as for liis exceedingly distinguished performances. His head and general form are those whicli may be selected as the pattern for the race-horse, for though he is often considered as too light in the girth, he is, in my opinion, just what a race-horse should be in that department, which is more frequently too deep than the reverse ; and his
494 THE H0K8E.
well-known stoutness, as well as that of his kitli and kin, verifies the opinion.
The body, or middle-piece, should be moderately long, and not too ranch confined between the last rib and the hip-bone. So long as the last or back-ribs are deep, it is not of so much importance that tliey should be closely connected to the hip- bone, for such a shape shortens the stride ; and though it enables the horse to carry great weight, yet it prevents him from attain- ing a high rate of speed. The back itself should be muscular, and the hips so wide as to allow of a good development of the muscular department. The withers may rise gently, but not too high, with that thin, razor-like elevation which many people call a good shoulder, but which really has nothing to do with tliat part, and is only an annoyance to the saddler, in prevent- ing its being pinched by the saddle. The chest itself should be well developed, but not too wide and deep ; no horse can go a distance without a fair " bellows- room ; " but, supposing the lieart to be sound and of good quality, the amount of lung will sufiice which may be contained in a medium-sized chest, and all above that is wasted, and is extra weight. Many of our best winded horses have had medium-sized chests, and some of the very worst have been furnished with room enough for a pair of blacksmith's bellows to play in. If the heart only does its duty well, the lungs can always furnish suflicient air ; and we know that Avhen frequently renewed, and with sufiicient power, the blood is aerated as fast as it is propelled, and the chief difiiculty lies in this power of propulsion, which resides in the heart alone. If the chest be too wide, it materially afiects the action of the fore-legs, and therefore in every point of view, theoretically and practically, there is a happy medium between the too great con- traction in this department, and the heavy, wide, lumbering chests, sometimes seen even in the thoroughbred race-horse, especially when reared upon rich succulent herbage, more fitted for the bullock than the eastern horse. In the formation of the hips, the essential point is length and breadth of bone for mus- cular attachment, and it matters little whether the croup droops a little, or is pretty straight and level, so that there is a good length from the hip to the haunch-bone ; the line between which two points may either be nearly horizontal, or forming a con-
THE FOKE-QdAETEK. 495
siderable angle with the ground ; but still in both cases in should be a long line, and the longer it is tlie more muscular substance is attached to it, and the greater leverage will the muscles have. All these points are still further explained in the Anatomy of the Horse, which see, for the details of those parts.
The fore-quarter, consisting of the shoulder, upper and lower arm and leg and foot, should be well set on to the chest; and the shoulder-blade should lie obliquely on' the side of that part, with a full development of muscle to move it, and thrust it well forward in the gallop. Obliquity is of the greatest im- portance, acting as a spring in taking oil" the shock of the gallop or leap, and also giving a longer attachment to the muscles, and in addition enabling them to act with more leverage upon the arm and leg. It will be seen, by a reference to the skeleton, that the shoulder-blade does not reach the top of the withers, and tliat those bones forming that part have nothing to do with the shoulder itself ; hence many high-withered horses liave bad and weak shoulders, and some very upright ones ; whilst, on the other hand, many low-withered horses have very oblique and powerful shoulders, and such as to give great facihty and pliability to the fore extremity. Tlie shoulder should be very muscular, without being over-done or loaded, and so formed as to play freely in the action of the horse. The point of the shoulder which is the joint corresponding to the human shoulder, should be free from raggedness, but not too flat ; a certain de- gree of development of the bony parts is desirable, but more than this leads to defect, and impedes the action of this im- portant part. The upper arm, between this joint and the elbow, should be long, and well clothed with muscles ; the elbow set on quite straight, and not tied in to the chest ; the lower arm muscular and long ; knees broad and strong, with the bony pro- jection behind well developed ; legs flat, and showing a suspen- sory ligament large and free ; pasterns long enough, without being weak ; and the feet sound, and neither too large nor too small, and unattended with any degree of contraction, which is the bane of the thoroughbred horse.
Tlie hind-quarter is the chief agent in propulsion, and is therefore of the utmost consequence in attaining high speed. It is often asserted that the oblique shoulder is the grand requisite
496 THE UOKSE.
in tliis object, and that it is the part upon which speed mainly depends, and in which it may be said to reside. This is, to some extent, trne, because there can be no doubt that with a loaded shoulder high speed is impracticable ; for however powerfully the body may be propelled, yet when the fore-quarter touches the ground it does not bound off again as smartly as it ought to do, and the pace is consequently slo\^^ This position may be illustrated by an experiment with two balls, one of india-rubber, and the other of corresponding size and weight, made of any inelastic material, such as wax. l^ow suppose these two balls propelled with equal power along a piece of fine turf at such an angle as to strike its surface, and rebound again and again — the elastic ball would at first only equal the other in speed, but it would soon outstrip it, because its elasticity would carry on the original propelling power, while the dull, inelastic nature of the wax-ball would speedily cause it to adhere to its luother earth. Just so with the elastic shoulder — it receives the resistance of the earth, but reacts upon it, and loses very little of the power given by the stroke of the hind-quarter, Avhich, nevertheless, must be strong and quick, or else there is nothing for the shoulder to receive and transmit. For the full action of the hind-quarters, two things are necessary ; viz., first, length and volume of muscle ; and, secondly, length of leverage upon which that muscle may act. Hence all the bones comprising the hind-quarter should be long, but the comparative length must vary a good deal, in order that the parts upon which the muscles lie may be long, rather than those connected with the tendons, which are mere ropes, and have no propelling power residing in them, but only transmit that which they derive from the muscles themselves. Thus, the hips should be long and wide, and the two upper divisions of the limb — viz., the stifle and lower thigh — should be long, strong, and fully developed. By this formation the stifle-joint is brought well forward, and there is a considerable angle between these two divisions. The hock should be bony and strong, free from gum or spavin, and the point long, and so set on as to be free from weakness at the situation of curb. In examining the hind-quarter to judge of its muscular development, the horse shoidd not be looked at sideways, but his tail should be raised, and it should be ascer-
coLOB. 497
tained that the muscles of the two limbs meet together below the anus, which should be in fact well supported by them, and not left loose, and, as it were, in a deep and flaccid hollow. The outline of the outer part of the thigh should be full, and in ordinary horses the muscle sliould swell out beyond the level of the point of the hip. This fulness, howevei*, is not often seen to this extent in the thoroughbred horse until he has arrived at mature age, and is taken out of training. Tlie bones below the hock should be flat and free from adhesions ; the ligaments and tendons fully developed, and standing out free from the bone ; and the joints well formed and wide, yet without any diseased enlargement ; the pasterns should be moderately long and oblique ; the bones of good size ; and, lastly, the feet should correspond w^ith those already alluded to in the anterior ex- tremity.
The totality of these points should be in proportion to one another — that is to say, the formation of the horse should be " true." He should not have long, well-developed hind-quarters, with an upright, weak, or confined fore-quarter. Nor will the converse serve ; for however well formed the shoulder may be, the horse will not go well unless he has a similar formation in the propellers. It is of great importance, therefore, that the race-horse should have all his various points in true relative development, and tliat there shall not be the hind-quarter of a long, racing-like liorse, with the thick, confined shoulder which would suit a stride less reaching in its nature.
The color of the thorouglibred horse is now generally bay, brown, or chestnut, one or other of which will occur in ninety- nine cases out of a hundred. Gray is not common, but some- times appears, as in the recent case of Chanticleer and some of his stock. Black also occasionally makes its appearance, but not more frequently than gray. Roans, duns, sorrels, &c., are now quite exploded, and the above five colors may be said to complete the list of colors seen on the race-course. Sometimes these colors are mixed with a good deal of white, in the shape of blazes on the face, or white legs and feet ; or even both may occur, and the horse may have little more than his body of a brown, bay, or chestnut. Most people, however, prefer the self- color, with as little white as possible ; and nothing but the great Vol. I.— 3^
498 THE HOESE.
success of a horse's stock would induce breeders to resort to liira if tliej were largely endowed witli white. Gray hairs mixed in the coat, as in the Venison's, are rather approved of than other- wise ; but they do not amount to a roan, in which the gray hairs equal, or even more than that, the other color mixed witli them.
The texture of the coat and skin, is a great proof of high breeding, and in the absence of the pedigree would be liighly regarded ; but when that is satisfactory, it is of no use descend- ing to the examination of an inferior proof; and, therefore, except as a sign of health, the skin is seldom considered. In all thoroughbred horses, however, it is thinner, and the hair more silky than in common breeds ; and the veins are more apparent under the skin, partly from its thinness, but also from their extra size and number of branches. This network of veins is of importance in allowing the circulation to be carried on during high exertions, when, if the blood could not accumulate in them, it would often choke the deep vessels of the heart and lungs ; but by collecting on the surface great relief is aiforded, and the horse is able to maintain such a high and long-con- tinued speed as would be impracticable without their help. Hence these j)oints are not useful as a mere mai'k of breed, but as essential to the very purpose for which that breed was established.
The mane and tail should be silky and not curly, though a slight wave is often seen. A decided curl is almost univer- sally a mark of degradation, and shows a stain in the pedigree as clearly as any sign can do. Here, however, as in other cases, the clear tracing of that all-powerful proof of breeding will upset all reasoning founded upon inferior data. The setting on of the tail is often regarded as of great importance, but it is chiefly with reference to appearances ; for the horse is not dependent for action or power upon this appendage. ISTor is strength of dock of any value as a sign, and I have known many very stout horses with flaccid and loosely pendant tails.
Between the form of West Australian and that of a com mon country plate-horse there is a very wide difi'erence, and scarcely any weight will bring them together short of that which would crush the former to the earth. There are numberless
EFFECT OF WEIGHT. 499
cases in which four stone might be carried by a first-class horse, over and above the feather-weight placed on a very slow horse, and yet the horse in high form will run away from the plater, who cannot by any means get over the ground faster than the rate at which he can carry a fair average weight. An examina- tion of our handicap lists will show, that between their top and bottom there is generally a difference of four or five stone ; and though this difference is often effectual in keeping back the best horses, it does not always allow the lightest weights to win, but rather those which are the liglitest as compared with their real powers. But it is also well known that certain horses can run half a mile at high speed, but no more ; others, a mile ; others again, a mile and a half or two miles ; whilst another class, now less common than formerly, require a distance of three or four miles to develope their powers, as compared with ordinary horses. These peculiarities are generally hereditarj^, though not always so ; but still when the blood is known, it may gen- erally be surmised that the individual will or will not stay a distance. When the cross in question is stout on one side and flasliy on the other, it is not easy to guess to which the young scion may lean ; but in those cases where a horse is bred from sires and dams both of stout blood, or the reverse, the experi- enced hand may, in almost all cases, decide beforehand upon the properties of the son or daughter, as far as staying quaUties are concerned. Again, tliere are some horses of strong compact frames, with short backs and strong quarters, who may be ex- pected to climb a hill without difficulty, especially if of stout blood ; and, again, there are others of lathy frames, with long but weak points, and a great deal of daylight under tliem, who may win over the fiat for a mile, or a mile and a quarter, but can never climb a hill, or get beyond the above distance over a flat. All these points should be carefully studied by the breeder in getting together his breeding stock, and by the owner in deciding upon the stakes for which he shall enter his young produce.
OBSERVATIONS
ON IMPORTED STALLIONS
In the first. Appendix I have given, to the best of my ability, a correct list of the thoroughbred horses imported into the United States, from the earliest dates to the present day. To do this, I have searched every authority which I have been able to command, including Pick's, Johnson's, Weatherby's English Stud Books, "White's History of the British Turf, Skinner's and Edgar's American Stud Books, Skinner's American Farmer, Skinner's and Porter's Turf Register, the old Spirit of the Times, Colden's Sporting Magazine, Mason's Farrier, and the various English works published under the nom deplume of Stonehenge.
I do not dare to pretend that this list is complete or j^erfect ; for I have no doubt that in early times, many horses, really thoroughbred, were imported, which have escaped the most dili- gent inquiiy and research ; while many others, doubtless, with no pretension to the title of thoroughbred, have been made to pass muster as such, on the bare assertion of their importers, not backed by the evidence of any English authority, proving that any such horses ever existed.
In like manner, in recent years, I fear — I may say, I have no doubt — that many importations of thoroughbred stock have escaped me ; particularly since the discontinuance of Porter's Sporting Magazine ; from which period there has been no regu- larly kept record of imported animals, beyond such as may bo found in the columns of the Aveekly or daily papers, to w^ade
SPOKTEfG AUTHOEITIES. 501
tlirougli which daring a space of twelve years, is veritably an almost Herculean labor.
I have, however, done my best to make good the list, to the present day, as regards stallions of recent importation.
With regard to those of an earlier date, the part I have had to perform is of a widely ditferentnature. It was to decide which of the horses imported as thoroughbred English horses, previous to the devolution, and so late, I may say, as to the first ten. years of the j^resent century, deserve to be retained as such in a work aiming at authenticity.
Had I consulted, merely, my own convictions, I should have at once discarded from the list, given by Skinner and Edgar, of imported stallions, nearly one-third ; either because there is no indication whatever that any such horses ever existed, or because the pedigrees, given with the names, do not agree with the stud-book pedigrees of the real horses, owning those names.
Tliere is yet another reason for suspicion and care ; which is the doul)t whether — the names and pedigrees being correct — the horses themselves ever came to this country ; which, I confess, in several instances appears to me hypothetical.
I find it stated in the very well-written ti-eatise on the race- horse in America, in Mason's Farrier, that " about the period of time last mentioned, i. e. 1800, Colonel Hoomes and many others, availing themselves of the passion for racing, inundated Virginia with imported stallions, bought up frequently at low prices in England, having little reputation there, and of less approved blood ; thereby greatly contaminating the tried and approved stocks, which had long and eminently distinguished themselves for their feats on the turf, their services under the saddle, and as valuable cavalry horses during the revolutionary war."
It would be well if these gentry had done no more than im- port worthless stallions, but there is every reason to believe that they commonly manufactured the most impudently mendacious pedigrees for horses, either not thoroughbred at all, or of the most ordinary and worthless strains of blood. So obviously is this the case, that in going over Edgar's list, whenever a par- ticularly gorgeous pedigree occurs, one at once finds on refer- ence to authorities, that the horse is not so much as named, nor any dam to be discovered, which coxxidj^robahly haxQhoYWQh'nn
503 THE HORSE.
in tlie English stnd-books. Thus we have no less than fourteen horses, not mentioned in any l)ook of authority, recorded as de- scended from Greyhound, Croft's Partner, Brimmer, Makeless, Place's White Turk, Dodworth, Layton's violet Barb mare, and about as many more, with the variation of Dicky Pearson, son of Dodworth, and Burton's Bay Barb mare. Lastly, we have one horse, got by the Darley Arabian, dam by the Byerly Turk — g. d. by the Lyster Turk, out of a natural Arab mare. A pedigree, of which it will be enough to say, that it has scarcely a parallel, if it have a parallel in the world, an animal going in three generations without a single English-bred sire to natural Arab on both sides, at so recent a date in the history of the turf, as 1718.
It is needless, perhaps, to say, that there is not the smallest reason to believe that any such horses as any of the above, so bred, and so imported, ever existed.
Importers of thoroughbreds at this period, appear to have caught up the above pedigrees, as approved ; perhaps ft-om the instance of Morton's Traveller, who did run back directly to the strain first described ; and to have applied them at once to every animal they brought to the country, considering it sufficient to guarantee the descent by their own signatures, which one need not state, are utterly worthless, except as waste paper, Avhen not corroborated by real evidence.
On consideration, however, I judged it the better way to pre- serve, in my list of these importations, all the hypothetical or apocryphal horses alluded to above ; annexing to their names foot notes signed with my own initials, explanatory of the degree of credit, attaching to each of the pedigrees on actual evidence.
Beside this class of animals, which may be, I think with pro- priety wholly set aside, so far as the idea is concerned of their having transmitted, to the American racer of the present day, any tincture of the blood ignorantly or fraudulently ascribed to them, there is another which must be viewed very differently.
This class consists of horses, which certainly ^cere imported ; and which as certainly were of thorough blood, and of good thorough blood also ; but in whose pedigree by accident, negli- gence, or want of consideration for the value of accurate details, a link or two have been lost. Much difficulty has ariseji from
BLOOD OF MAKES. 503-
tlio almost total neglect of the pedigree of dams, wliicli are those most necessary to be preserved ; since a known stallion's pedi- gree is always at once traceable ; while to say that a certain mare is by Eclipse out of a Fox mare, or a Cub mare, or any other mare, is to say nothing. Since, for aught proved by that show- ing, the Fox or Cub mare in question, might have been the daughter of a Flander's Cart mare, or a Cleveland Bay hunter of the old school, and of course, utterly worthless as a dam of racers.
And yet such was to so great a degree the received mode of entering blood mares, on their first importations, that in few of the most celebrated early importations, even of the most unde- niable blood mares, and dams of our most distinguished winners, can their pedigrees be established beyond the possibility of a dispute.
Such is the case of Col. Delancey's Cub mare, of the Pot- Sos mare, dam of Miller's Damsel, and grand dam of American Eclipse, and of many others, which are yet beyond the possibil- ity of a doubt, j)ure thoroughbreds ; having so shown them- selves by the transmission of their qualities, tlirongh many gene- rations of racers and the sires and dams of racers ; a thino; im- possible for chance horses.*
Much irretrievable confusion has arisen, doubtless, from names having been given, after their importation hither, to colts and fillies unnamed in the Stud Books ; and yet more from the multiplication of the same names, those names being identical with the world-famous title of some English sire.
For an example of this there are not less than three imported Eclipses, one of which, Harris's, is not doubted to be a full- blooded liorse, a racer and getter of racers in a high form, whose blood still bears repute in Virginia ; and not one of the three distinctly referable to any colt, on which one can lay his finger in the Stud Book.f
In the same way, there appear to have been two Travellers, Moreton's and Strange's, both imported ; and both of these have been referred to two or more difiTerent animals, and both trace, as a matter of course, to Greyhound, Makeless, Brimmer, \Yhite Turk, Dodsworth, Layton Barb mare.+
Still it is probable, I should ratlier say certain, that this, in • * See Note * p. 506. f Note \ p. 506. X Note % P- 506. •
504 THE H0E8E.
the case of Moreton's Traveller, is the real pedigree ; and that he was the bay colt got by Partner out of Bay Bloody But- tocks, in 1745 '4G or '47, own brother to the celebrated Wid- dington mare. Bay Bloody Buttocks, whose dam was by Grey- hound, &c., &c., as above, bore colts or fillies from 1733 to '35 inclusive to Partner, in 1736 missed to Crab, from 1737 to '41 colts or fillies to Partner ; in '42 missed to Partner, from '43 to '47 inclusive, first a filly and then three colts to Partner, in '48 missed to Partner, and in '49 bore her last colt to Forester, Old Traveller of the Stud Book was by Partner, dam by Al- manzor.
Coatworth's Traveller never came to America.
And Strange's Traveller, first called Charlemont, then Big Ben, and then most absurdly, in America, Traveller, was by O'Kelly's Eclipse out of a Herod mare, dam by Blank ; her dam by Sni^) out of Lady Thigh, who was daughter of Grey Bloody Buttocks, own sister to Bay Bloody Buttocks, dam of Moreton's Traveller.
These two horses do really trace to the Greyhound, &c., line alluded to above, and I doubt not their excellence and popular- ity, in Virginia, were the cause of the falsification of above half a score of pedigrees into the like form.
This is a matter of very considerable importance to the American Turf ; since old, or Moreton's, Traveller got Tryall and Yorick out of imported Blazella, Burwell's Traveller out of a Janus or Lycurgus mare ; Lloyds' Traveller out of a Jenny Cameron mare, Tristram Shandy out of a Janus mare, Ariel and Partner out of Col. Tasker's Selima.
It is remarkable that Mr. Edgar has left, in his invaluable Stud Book, the pedigrees of these two Travellers as question- able. There is, however, no question about it ; owing to the fortunate fact of the dam of the one and the great-great-grand- dam of the other being named mares. Bay Bloody Buttocks, and Lady Thigh, instead of merely bay filly by So and So ; which leads to their direct identification, without the possibility of mistake.
There would have been no difliculty, whatever, but for the absurd chopping and changing of names.
There were already three Travellers, in England, wheu
THE GREYHOUND MAKES. 505
Moreton's bay colt, out of Bay Bloody Buttocks, was so called ; and at least half a dozen in America, when Charlemont, alias Ben, the great g. g. g. nephew of Bay Bloody Buttocks, re- ceived a third alias of Traveller, for the very purpose one would say of breeding confusion.
I have taken considerable interest in these quasi Greyhound mare j^edigrees, and have traced it so far as to satisfy myself that at least two-thirds of tliera are direct and wilful forgeries.
It appears that there is but one Greyhound mare of suffi- cient note to be named in the books, whose dam was by Make- less — viz.. Brown Farewell. She had five fillies, Baj' and Grey Bloody Buttocks, Little Partner, Red Rose, and a Bay filly g. g. g. dam of Enterprise. All the daughters of the two Bloody Buttocks mares are named and well known. Little Partner had but one filly, Cat by Cade. Red Rose* had fillies by Lesang, Syphon, Matchem, Alfred and Magnet, and the Bay filly, it would seem, but one by the Bolton Starling. So that all the pedigrees which run to tliis strain must necessarily be false, un- less Greyhound be preceded by Bloody Buttocks or Partner, and these again by one of the following, viz., by Partner, For- ester, Cade, Lesang, Syphon, Matchem, Alfred, Magnet or Starling.
AYithout pursuing this farther, I would observe that it is very far from being my wish or object to throw doubts on established pedigrees, or to endeavor to vitiate, in public opinion, strains of blood, which have been admitted to pass muster.
It is my object, on the contrarj^, to verify, not to vitiate ; and 1 am far, indeed, from joining in the absurd outcry, that every horse is necessarily coarse-bred or cold-blooded, because he can- not be ^?'oyg^, directly, to be purebred. I perceive that the circumstances of the country, at the time wlien importation be- gan, the great laxity in keeping proper registers, and the fatal facility of forgery, have rendered it almost impossible that it should be otherwise.
I maintain that where there has been a chance horse, him self a good racer, he has invariably failed and must of necessity fail as a getter of runners in the first or second generation of his stock, as was notoriously the case with Potomac, and other horses, which might be named. ■{■
* See Note § on p. 506- f See Note J on p. 506-
506 THE HOKSE.
I allow, on the other hand, that where we have so deficient a pedigree of a horse as one which only informs that he was a son, a grandson, or a great-grandson of an imported Cub mare, or PotSos mare, or any other mare — though, nnqnestionably, I should hesitate very long before putting a mare to a horse so descended, until I had seen the stock of the collateral branches, and his own stock, thoroughly tested — and yet see him and all his brothers and sisters, and his own stock and the collateral stock all distinguishing itself, generation after generation, it is worse than idle to question the pedigree or blood of such an animal.
I now come to the importation of mares, and here I regret to say that the difSculty is infinitely greater than it lias been, even, with the horses.
Mr. Edgar, not finding, as I nnderstand, his labors suffi- ciently remunerated in the sales of the first volume of his Stud- Book, left it incomplete, without entering at all upon tlie mares, whether native or imported ; so that there is scarcely any start- ing point, beyond scattered notices, with tlie exception of the alphabetical list in JMason's Farrier, of which J have largely and thankfully availed myself.
Tlie early importations of mares, even tlie most famous, are far more loosely recorded than the stallions, though for what reason it is impossible to conjecture ; and all that it is in my power to do is to submit as perfect a list as I can command, and to ask pardon for necessary and unavoidable imperfections.
EDITORIAL NOTES.
* (P. 503.) Col. Delar.cey's Cub mare and the PotSos mare, imported by William Constable, of Xew York, can both be found in the English Stud-Book, and traced bej'ond the possibility of a doubt.
f (P. 503.) Both the Eclipse's are referable in the Stud-Book.
X (P. 503.) Both Traveller's can be found in the English Stud-Book.
§ (P. 505.) There are three mares by the name of Red Rose. The one men- tioned above by Partner, dam by Greyhound, out of Old Farewell, never had foals by the horses named. She had three foals by Forester, one by Starling, three by Cade, and two by Regulus. Herbert must have confounded Red Rose, by Babra- ham, for Red Rose, by Partner. Red Rose, by Babraham, had fillies by Le Saug, Syphon, Matchem, Alfred, and Magnet.
II (P. 505.) Potomac's pedigree has since been cleared up satisfactorily.
LIST OF STALLIONS
IMPORTED FROM ENGLAND,
FROM BEFORE THE REVOLUTION TO THE PRESENT DAY.
EXPLANATION OF TERMS USED IN ABBREVIATION.
Am. for American.
B. or b. for bay.
Bl. or bl. for black.
Br. or br. for brown.
B. C. or b. c. for bay colt.
B. F. orb. f. for bay filly.
B. M. or b. m. for bay mare.
cr. for cream color.
c. for colt.
ch. for chestnut, or any shade of eorrel.
ch. c. for chestnut colt.
ch. f. for chestnut filly, ch. m. for chestnut mare. D. or d. for dun. Eng. for English. G., g. or gr. for grey or gray. Gl. or gl. for gelding. H. or h. for horse. Imp. or imp. for imported. Ro., ro. or r. for roan.
Cook's and Blackburn's Whip are one and the same horse.
Abjer, br. c, foaled 1817, by Old Truffle, bred by Mr. Udney, im- ported by James Jackson, of Alabama, into New York, and killed there in 1828. 1st dam Briesis by Beningbrough ; 2d dam Lady Jane by Sir Peter Teazle ; 3d dam Paulina by Flori- zel; 4th dam Captive by Matchem; Sth dam Calliope by Slouch ; 6th dam (Atlanta's dam) Lass of the Mill by Oroo- noko ; 7th dam by Traveler ; 8th dam Miss Makeless by Young Greyhound; 9th dam by Partner; 10th dam Miss Doe's dam by Woodcock; 11th dam by Croft's Bay Barb; 12th dam by Makeless (Desdemona dam) ; 13th dam by Brimmer; 14th dam by Dickey Pearson ; 15th dam Burton Barb mare.
Admiral, brother to Diomed, b. c, foaled 1779, by Florizel, bred by Sir Thomas Dundas. 1st dam Sister to Juno by Spectator; 2d dam sister to Horatius by Blank ; 3d dam by Childers ; 4th dam Miss Belvoir by Grey Grantham; 5th dam by Paget Turk ; 6th dam Betty Percival by Leede's Arabian; 7th dam by Spanker.
508 THE HORSE.
Admiral Nelson", br. c, foaled 1805, by John Bull, bred by Lord Grosvenor, and imported into Virginia by William Lightfoot, of Sandy Point. 1st dam Olivia by Justice ; 2d dam Cypher by Squirrel ; 3d dam Fribble's dam by Eegulus ; 4th dam by Bartlett's Childers; 5th dam by Honeywood's Arabian; 6th dam the dam of the two True Blues.
AiNDERBY, ch. c, foaled 1832, by Velocipede, bred by Capt. Taylor,
and imported into Tennessee by . 1st dam Kate by
Catton ; 2d dam Miss Garforth by Walton ; 3d dam by Hya- cinthus ; 4th dam Zara by Delpini ; 5th dam Flora by King Fergus ; 6th dam Atalanta by Matchem ; 7th dam Lass of the Mill by Oroonoko; 8tli dam by Old Traveler; 9th dam Miss Makeless by Young Greyhound ; 10th dam by old Partner ; 11th dam Miss Doe's dam by Woodcock ; 12th dam by Croft's Bay Barb ; 13th dam Desdemona's dam by Makeless ; 14tli dam by Brimmer; 15tli dam by Dicky Pierson ; 16th dam Burton Barb mare.
Albioist, bl. c, foaled 1837, by Cain or Actaeon, bred by Mr. E. Peek 1st dam Panthea by Comus or Blacklock; 2d dam Mau- uella by Dick Andrews ; 3d dam Mandane by Pot-8-o's ; 4th dam Young Camilla, sister to Colibri by Woodpecker ; 5th dam Camilla by Trentham; 6th dam Coquette by the Compton Barb ; 7th dam sister to Eegulus by the Godolphin Arabian ; 8tli dam Grey Robinson by the Bald Galloway ; 9th dam by Snake ; 10th dam Old Wilkes by Old Hautboy.
Aldermais", b. c, foaled 1787, by Pot-8-o's, bred by Mr. Burton, and imported into Richmond, Va., by John Banks. 1st dam Lady Bolingbroke by Squirrel ; 2d dam Cyi^ron (King Herod's dam) by Blaze ; 3d dam Selima by Bethel's Arabian ; 4th dam by Graham's Champion; 5th dam by Darley's Arabian: 6th dam by Merlin.
Alexander, imported into New York, 1797. By Champion. 1st dam Duke of Rutland's Countess by the Northumberland Ara- bian, said to have been 17 hands high. We can find no such horse as Alexander by Champion, and no such mare as Countess by Northumberland Arabian. We presume it is a spurious pedigree.
Alexander (Smalley's), bred by Sir William Watkin Wynne, Bart, and imported into Virginia by William Smalley, Esq. By Alexander (son of O'Kelly's Eclipse) ; 1st dam Sweet Briar by
LIST OF IMPORTED STALLI02<rS. 509
King Herod; 2d dam Monimia's dam by Alcides; 3d dam by Crab ; 4tli dam Snap's dam by Fox ; 5tli dam Gipsey by Bay Bolton ; 6th dam by Duke of Newcastle's Turk ; 7th dam by Byerly Turk ; 8tli dam by Taffolet Barb ; 9tli dam by Place's White Turk ; 10th dam Natural Barb Mare.
All-foues, ch. c, foaled 1772, by All-fours, bred by Lord Grosvenor, imported into New York or Connecticut. 1st dam by Blank; 2d dam Bay Starling by Bolton Starling ; 3d dam Miss Meynell by Partner; 4th dam by Greyhound; 5tli dam by Curwen Bay Barb ; 6th dam Lord D'Arcy's Arabian ; 7th dam by White- shirt ; 8th dam Old Montague Mare.
Ambassador, ch. c, foaled 1839, imported iu his mother's belly, by L. J. Polk, Esq., Tenn. By Eng. Plenipotentiary, dam imported Jenny Mills by Whisker (which see.)
Ambassador, b. c, foaled 1836 by Emilius, bred by Mr. Tattersall, and imported into America with his dam. 1st dam imp. Trapes (late Speck) by Tramp ; 2d dam Eemembrance by Sir Solo- mon ; 3d dam Queen Mab by Eclipse ; 4tli dam by Tartar ; 5th dam by Mogul ; 6th dam by Sweepstakes ; 7th dam sister to Storm by Bay Bolton; 8th dam by Curwen Bay Barb; 9tli dam by Old Spot ; 10th dam by AVhite-legged Lowther Barb.
Americus, br. c, foaled 1755, by Babraham, bred by Mr. Aldridge, the property of Mr. Maclin, in America. 1st dam Creeping Molly by Second ; 2d dam by Gen. Evans' Arabian ; 3d dam by Cartouch.
Anfield, b. c, foaled 1860, bred by Mr. M. Hewetson, imported into Nova Scotia 1865. By The Confessor. 1st dam Eugenia by Barbarian dam Allegretta by St. Luke; 2d dam Alba by Dandy; 3d dam Beresina by Smolensko ; 4th dam Mayflower by Sir Peter ; 5tli dam Miss Brim by Highflyer ; 6tli dam Brim by Squirrel ; 7th dam Helen by Blank ; 8th dam by Crab ; 9 th dam sister to Partner by Jigg ; 10th dam sister to Mixbury.
Antaeus, h., bred by John Ward, Esq., Kent, Eng., imported into South Carolina. By Spectator; balance of pedigree unknown. He stood at Jacksonborough, 1771.
Antonio, b. c, foaled 1856 by Bay Middleton, bred by Mr. W. Et- wall, imported by Geo. W. Morton, Toronto, Canada, in 1860. 1st dam sister to Aegis by Defence ; 2d dam Soldier's Joy by the Colonel ; 3d dam Galatea by Amadis ; 4th dam Paulina by Sir Peter ; 5th dam Pewett by Tandem ; 6th dam Termagant by
510 THE HORSE.
Tantrum ; 7tli dam Cantatrice by Sampson ; 8th dam by Eeg- nlus; 9th dam Marske dam by Blacklegs; 10th dam by Bay Bolton; 11th dam by Fox Cub; 12th dam by Coneyskins; 13th dam by Button's Grey Barb ; 14th dam by Hutton's Eoyal Colt; 15tli dam by Byerly Turk; IGtIi dam by Bustler.
Appaeition, br. c, foaled in 1827 by Spectre, bred by Lord Grosve- nor, and imported into New York in ship Hamilton, by Cap- tain Bunker ; sent over by Thomas Connah, Liverpool. The pedigree was sworn to by the breeder, and certified by the American Consul at Livei-pool. We state here that the Thun- derbolt mare's produce is not set down in Stud Book. The balance of the pedigree is ; but we do not doubt the facts stated above. 1st dam Young Cranberry by Thunderbolt; 2d dam Cranberry by Sir Peter Teazle ; 3d dam Nannette by John Bull; 4th dam Nimble by Florizel; 5tli dam Eantipole by Blank; 6th dam Joan (sister to Careless by Regulus); 7th dam Silvertail by Heneage Whitenose; 8th dam by Rattle; 9th dam by Barley's Arabian ; 10th dam Old Child mare by Sir T. Gresley's bay Arabian; 11th dam Mr. Cooke's Vixen by the Helmsley Turk.
Aechduke, br. c, foaled 1796, by Sir Peter Teazle, bred by Sir F. Standish, imported into Virginia by Col. John Hoomes, in 1803. 1st dam Horatia by Eclipse; 2d dam Countess by Blank; 3d dam by Eib; 4tli dam by Wynn Arabian; 5th dam by Governor; 6th dam by Alcock Arabian; 7th dam by Grass- hopper ; 8th dam Sister to Gentleman's dam.
Archer, br. c, foaled 1790, by Faggergill, bred by Mr. Broadhurst, imported into Virginia by Mr. Eives in 1802. 1st dam sister to Croesus by Eclipse ; 2d dam by Young Cade ; 3d dam Miss Thigh by Eib ; 4th (Grieswood's) Lady Thigh by Partner; 5th dam by Greyhound ; 6th dam Sophonisba's dam by Curwen bay barb ; 7th dam by D'Arcy's Chestnut Arabian ; 8th dam by Whiteshirt ; 9th dam Old Montague mare.
Archibald, b. c, foaled 1801, by Walnut, bred by Duke of Hamil- ton, imported by William Smalley, into Virginia. 1st dam Jardin by Javelin ; 2d dam Young Flora by Highflyer (sister to Spadille) ; 3d dam Flora by Squirrel; 4th dam Angelica by Snap ; 5th dam by Eegulus ; 6th dam by Bartlett's Childers ; 7th dam Iloneywood's Arabian ; 8th dam of the True Blues.
Aristotle, br. c, foaled 1755, by Cullen Arabian, bred by Bladen,
LIST OF IMPORTED STALLIONS. 511
and imported into Virginia about the year 17G4. For follow- ing pedigree see English Kacing Calendar for 1760. He was a horse of some note on the turf. Died in Virginia, 1776, aged 21. 1st dam by Old Crab ; 2d dam by Hobgoblin ; 3d dam by Godolphin Arabian ; 4th dam Cream Cheeks by Old Spanker ; 5th dam by Old Hautboy.
Aeea Kooker, br. c, foaled 1789, by Drone, bred by Mr. Dods- worth, imported by Dr. James Tate, of Philadelphia, Pa. 1st dam by Chatsworth ; 2d dam by Engineer ; 3d dam by Wilson's Arabian; 4tli dam by Hutton's Spot; 5th dam by Mogul; 6th dam by Crab ; 7th dam by Bay Bolton ; 8th dam by Curwen Barb; 9th dam by Spot; 10th dam by Whitelegged Lowther Barb ; 11th dam Vintner mare.
Atlantic, b. c, foaled 1836, bred by His Majesty, imported by Com. E. F. Stockton, N. J. By Actaeon ; 1st dam Miss Cra- ven by Mr. Lowe; 2d dam by Soothsayer ; 3d dam by Buzzard; 4th dam sister to Bangtail by Highflyer ; 5th dam Catharine by Young Marske ; 6th dam Gentle Kitty by Silvio ; 7tli dam by Dorimond ; 8th dam Portia by Eegulus ; 9th dam by Hut- ton's Spot; 10th dam by Fox Cub; 11th dam by Bay Bolton.
Australian, a rich cliestnut, with black legs, 16 hands high, bred in 1858, and imported by A. Keene Eichards, Esq., of Scott county, Ky. Owned by A. J. Alexander, Esq., Kentucky. By West Australian ; 1st dam Emilia by Young Emilius ; 2d dam Persian by Whisker; 3d dam Variety by Selim; 4th dam Sprite by Bobtail; 5tli dam Catharine by Woodpecker. Cath- arine was the dam of Golumpus, the sire of Catton, that sired Trustee, and Gallopade, the dam of Eeel, the dam of Lecomte, Prioress and Starke ; 6th dam Camilla by Trentham : 7tli dam Coquette by Compton Barb ; 8th dam sister to Eegulus by Go- dolphin Arabian ; 9tli dam Grey Eobinson by the Bald Gallo- way; lOtli dam by Snake, son of Lister Turk; 11th dam Old Wilkes by Old Hautboy ; 12tli dam Miss D'Arcy's Pet marc ; 13th dam a Eoyal mare.
Autocrat, g. c, foaled 1822, by Grand Duke, bred by Lord Derby, imported into New York in 1831, by William Jackson, Esq., of Tennessee. 1st dam Olivetta by Sir Oliver; 2d dam Scotina by Delpini ; 3d dam Scota by Eclipse ; 4th dam Harmony by Herod; 5th dam Eutilia (sister to dam of Highflyer and Mark Antony) by Blank ; 6th dam by Eegulus ; 7th dam by Sore-
512 THE HOESE.
heels ; 8th dam by Makeless ; 9th dam Christopher D'Arcy's Eoyal mare.
Atsgaeth, b. c, foaled 1856, bred by Mr. Eidley, purchased by Mr. E. Wardle for Gen. S. E. Garth, of South Carolina. By Barn- ton ; 1st dam by Inheritor; 2d dam Gin by Juniper; 3d dam Princess Jemima by Eemembrancer ; 4th dam by Ormond ; 5th dam by Anvil ; 6tli dam Queen Mab by Eclipse ; 7th dam by Tartar ; 8tli dam by Mogul ; 9th dam by Sweepstakes ; lOtli dam {sister to Sloven) by Bay Bolton ; 11th dam by Curwen Bay Barb ; 12th dam by Old Spot ; 13th dam by White-legged Lowther Barb ; 14th dam Vintner mare.
Babeaham, b. c, foaled about 1759, by Fearnought. We cannot find this horse. He stood in Virginia in 1765, owned by Wil- liam and George Evans. 1st dam Silver (imported by Captain William Evans) by Belsize Arabian.
Babeaham, b. c, foaled in 1775, by Wildair, in English Stud Book, Mr. Bacon's Sir Harry, bred by Sir J. Kaye, Stood in Vir- ginia in 1783, by Augustine Willis. 1st dam by Babraham ; 2d dam by Sloe ; 3d dam Coughing Polly by Bartlett's Chil- ders; 4th dam by Counsellor; 5th dam by Snake; 6th dam by Luggs ; 7th dam by Davill's Old Woodcock.
Babeaham, b. c, foaled about 1760, imported into South Carolina, and stood at Mr. Arthur Middleton's on Ashley river. By Ba- braham; 1st dam by Second; 2d dam by Starling; 3d dam by Greyhound; 4th dam by Soreheels; 5th dam Miss D'Arcy's Pet mare.
Badgee, g. c, imported by Governor Eden, of Maryland, previous to the Eevolutionary War ; by Lord Chedworth's Bosphorus. We cannot find this horse. 1st dam by Black-and-all-Black ; 2d dam by Devonshire or Elying Childers.
Bajazet, br. c, foaled 1754, by Bajazet, owned by . 1st dam
by Old Crab ; 2d dam by Hobgoblin, 3d dam by Whitefoot ; 4th dam Moonah Barb mare.
Baleowkie, b. c, foaled 1850, by Annandale, bred by Mr. W. I'Anson, and imported by Capt. Cornish, the property of James Watson, of New York. Died 1866. 1st dam Queen Mary (Blink Bonny's dam) by Gladiator ; 2d dam by Plenipotentiary; 3d dam Myrrha by Whalebone ; 4th dam Gift by Young Gohanna; 5tli dam sister to Grazier by Sir Peter Teazle; 6th dam sister to Aimator by Trumpator ; 7th dam by Herod ;
LIST OF IMPOETED STALLIONS. 513"
8th dam by Snap ; Gtli dam by Gower stallion ; 10th dam by Childers.
Baeefoot, ch. c, foaled 1820, by Tramp, bred by Mr. Watt, sent to America by Admiral Sir Isaac Coffin of the British navy in 1828, landed in Massachusetts. Died fall 1840. 1st dam Kosa- moud, by Buzzard ; 2d dam Eoseberry, sister to Hnby, by Phenomenon ; 3d dam Miss West, by Matchem ; 4th dam by Eegulus ; 5th dam by Crab , Gth dam by Childers ; 7tli dam by Basto.
Baeo^^et, b. c, foaled 1785, by Vertumnns, bred by Sir W. Vava- sour, imported into New York. 1st dam Penultima by Snap ; 2d dam sister to Nabob by Cade ; 3d dam sister to Drudge by Crab ; 4th dam sister to Blaze by Childers ; 5th dam Con- federate filly by Grey Grantham ; Gth dam by Duke of Rut- land's Black Barb ; 7th dam by Bright's Eoau.
Bashaw, b. c, foaled 1768 by Wildair, bred by James De Lancey of 'New York. 1st dam by Cub (imported) ; 2d dam by Second ; 3d dam by Starling ; 4th dam sister to Vane's Little Partner by Partner ; 5th dam by Greyhound ; Gth dam by Makeless ; 7th dam by Brimmer; 8th dam by Place's White Turk; 9th dam by Dodsworth ; 10th dam Layton Barb mare.
Batchelor, also called Jack the Batchelor, foaled 1753, by Blaze, bred by Mr. Thompson, and imported into this country in 1762, under the above name, owned by James Gibson of Vir- ginia, 1764. We cannot find this horse. This horse is in the list of studs for 1762. See English Pacing Calendar. 1st dam by Gallant ; 2d dam by Smiling Tom.
Bat BoLTOi!^, b. c, by Old Bay Bolton (in England). Cannot find this horse. 1st dam imp. Blossom by Sloe ; 2d dam by Eegulus.
Bay Colt (afterward called Hamilton), foaled 1793, by Higliflyer; bred by Lord Grosvenor, imported by Mr. Barksdalc, of Lon- don, for James Strange, Esq., of Manchester, Va. 1st dam by Eclipse ; 2d dam Vauxhall Snap's dam by Young Cade ; 3d dam by Bolton Little John ; 4th dam Mr. Durham's Favorite, by a son of Bald Galloway ; 5th dam of Lord Portmore's Daffodil, by a foreign horse of Sir T. Gascoigne.
Bat Richmond, b. c, foaled 1769, bred by Sir L. Dundas. This horse was first imported into Jamaica, where he ran in the name of Sarpedon. By Feather; 1st dam Matron by CuUen Ara- bian ; 2d dam by Bartlett's Childers ; 3d dam Warlock Gallo- VoL. I.— 33
514 THE HORSE.
way by Snako ; 4th dam sister to the Carlisle gelding by the Bald Galloway ; 5tli dam Wharton mare, by Lord Carlisle's Turk ; 6th dam by Bald Galloway ; 7th dam by Byerly Turk.
Beau, g. c, foaled , by Cartouch, owned by Mr. Maguire in Ire- land. First dam Bretts mare, said to be Greyhound. See English Eacing Calendar for 1754, page 198. This horse ran in Ireland.
Bedford, b. c, foaled 1792, by Dungannon, bred by Lord Grosvenor, imported by Colonel Hoomes, of Virginia. 1st dam Fau-y by Highflyer ; 2d dam Fairy Queen by Young Cade ; 3d dam Eouth's Black Eyes by Crab ; 4th dam AYarlock Galloway by Snake ; 5th dam sister to Carlisle gelding by Bald Galloway ; Gth dam Wharton mare by Lord Carlisle's Turk ; 7th dam by Bald Galloway ; 8th dam by Byerly Turk.
Belshazzar, ch. c, foaled 1830, by Blacklock, bred by Mr. Watt, and imported 1838 by Thomas Flintofij of Tennessee. 1st dam Manuella by Dick AndreAvs ; 2d dam Mandane by Pot-8-o's ; 3d dam Young Camilla by WoodjDecker; 4th dam Camilla by Trentham ; 5th dam Coquette by the Compton Barb ; Gth dam sister to Eegulus by Godolphin Arabian ; 7th dam Grey Eobin- son by the Bald Galloway ; 8th dam by Old Snake ; 9th dam Old Wilkes by Old Hautboy.
Bergamotte, b. c, foaled 1788, by Highflyer, bred by Lord Cler- mont. 1st dam Priestess by Matchem; 2d dam by Gower stallion ; 3d dam by Eegulus ; 4tli dam by Hip ; 5th dam Large Hartley mare by Mr. Hartley's blind horse : Gth dam Flying Whig, by Williams' Yf oodstock Arabian ; 7th dam by St. Victor Barb ; 8th dam by Why-not (son of the Fenwick Barb) ; 9tli dam Eoyal mare.
Billet, br. c, foaled 1865, bred by Mr. James Smith, imported in Illinois by S. Powers. By Voltigeur. 1st dam Calcutta by Flatcatcher ; 2d dam Miss Martin by St. Martin ; 3d dam » Wagtail by Whisker ; 4th dam by Sorcerer ; 5 th dam by Sir Soloman ; Gth dam by Young Marske ; 7th dam by PhoBnome- non : 8th dam Calliope by Slouch ; 9th dam Lass of the Mill by Oronooka ; 10th dam by Traveler ; 11th dam Miss Makeless by Young Greyhound; 12th dam by Partner; 13th dam by Woodcock ; 14th dam by Croft's Bay Barb ; 15th dam by Make- less ; 16th dam by Brimmer ; 17th dam Dicky Pierson ; 18th dam Burton Barb mare.
LIST OF IMPORTED STALLIONS. 515
Black Prince, bl. c, foaled 17G0, by Babraham, bred by Mr. Bethell, imported into the State of New York by Mr. Aaron Ramsey. 1st dam Riot by Regulns ; 2d dam by Blaze ; 3d dam by Fox ; 4th dam by Darley's Arabian ; 5th dam, dam of Woodcock and Castaway by a son of Brimmer ; 6th dam by Chesterfield's Arabian ; 7th dam by Hatton Barb mare dar of Grisewood's Partner.
Blaze, imported into Virginia in 1794, by Hugh Nelson. By Blaze We cannot find this horse. Blaze is also said to be by Vandal. There were two Vandals in England, one by Skyscraper, foaled 1796 ; the other in 1801 by John Bull. Neither could be his sire. 1st dam by Truncheon ; 2d dam by Regulus ; 3d dam by Eastby Snake ; 4th dam by Croft's Partner ; 5th dam by Egyp- tian ; 6th dam by Grey Woodstock.
Blenkiron, br. c, foaled 1869, bred by Mr. Blenkiron, imported by Mr. D. D. WitherS;, New York. By Saunterer. 1st dam Eeodorowna by Kingston ; 2d dam Empress by Emilius ; 3d dam Mangel Wurzel by Merlin ; 4tli dam Morel by Sorcerer ; 5th dam Hornby Lass by Buzzard ; 6tli dam Puzzle by Match- em ; 7th dam Princess by Herod ; 8th dam Julia by Blank ; 9th dam Spectator's dam by Partner ; 10th dam by Bay Bolton ; 11th dam by Darley's Arabian ; 12th dam by Byerly Turk ; 13th dam by Taffolet Barb ; 14th dam by Place's White Turk ; 15th dam Natural Barb mare.
Blossom, gr. c, foaled 1793, by Bordeaux, bred by Mr. Vernon. 1st dam Sister Lambinos by Highflyer ; 2d dam by Eclipse ; 3d dam Vauxhall's dam by Young Cade ; 4th dam by the Bol- ton Little John ; 5th dam Mr. Durham's Favorite by a son of the Bald Galloway ; 6th dam the dam of Lord Portmore's Daffodil by a foreign horse of Sir T. Gascoigne's.
Bluster, br. c, foaled 1808, by Orlando, bred by Mr. Forrest, and imported into Virginia abont the year 1816, by Mr. Dunlop of London. Stood near Nashville, Tenn., in 1825. The Pegasus Mare was bred by Mr. Broadhurst, in 1799, out of one of his Highflyer mares, and sold when a foal or yearling to Colonel Thornton with several others answering that description. Mr. Forrest supposed it to be one out of Diddler's dam. Died in Ten- nessee, 1828, aged 20. 1st dam by Pegasus (Bay) ; 2d dam by Highflyer (dam of Diddler) ; 3d dam by Goldfinder ; 4th dam Lady Bolingbroke by Squirrel ; 5th dam Cypron (Herod's dam)
516 THE HOKSE.
by Blaze ; Ctli dam Selima by Bethell's Arabian; 7th dam by Graham's Champion ; 8th dam by Parley's Arabian ; 9th dam by Merlin.
BoASTEK, br. c, foaled 1795, by Dimgannou, bred by Mr. Golding, imported into Virginia in the fall of 1811, by Mr. Bell. Died in Tennessee, 1819, aged 24. 1st dam by Justice ; 2d dam Marianne by Squirrel ; 3d dam Miss Meredith by Cade ; 4th dam Little Hartley ]\Iare by Bartlett's Childers ; 5th dam Fly- ing Whig by Williams' Woodstock Arabian ; 6th dam by the St. Victor Barb ; 7th dam by Why-not (son of the Fenwick Barb) ; 8th dam Eoyal mare.
Bolton, b. c, foaled 1752, by Shock, bred by Mr. Meredith, the property of Mr. Lightfoot, of Charles City County, Va. 1st dam sister to Miss Partner by Partner ; 2d dam by Makeless ; 3d dam by Brimmer ; 4th dam by Place's White Turk ; 5th dam by Dodsworth ; 6th dam Layton Barb mare.
Bonnie Scotland, b. c, foaled 1853, by lago, bred by Mr. W. FAnson, and imported by Capt. Cornish, the property of Eeber & Kutz, Lancaster, Ohio. 1st dam Queen Mary (Blink Bonny 's dam) by Gladiator ; 2d dam by Plenipotentiary ; 3d dam Myrrha by Whalebone; 4th dam Gift by Young Gohanna; 5th dam sister to Grazier by Sir Peter Teazle ; 6th dam sister to Aimator by Trumpator ; 7th dam by Herod (sister to Postmaster) ; 8th dam by Snap ; 9th dam by Gower stallion ; 10th dam by Childers.
BoNNTFACE, also Called Master Stephen, b. c, foaled 1768, by a son of Eegulus, bred by Mr. C. Blake, said to have been imported by Mr. French, of Virginia. We cannot find this horse. 1st dam the Fen mare by Hutton's Eoyal colt ; 2d dam by Blunderbuss ; 3d dam Old Thornton mare by Place's White Turk ; 4th dam Barb mare.
BoRROCK Billy, ch. c, foaled 1753, bred by Mr. Holme, imported into South Carolina. By Cade. 1st dam by Eastby Snake ; 2d dam by Partner ; 3d dam by Croft's Egyptian ; 4th dam Grey Woodcock by Woodcock ; 5th dam Pet Mare by Wastell's Turk ; 6th dam by Hautboy ; 7th dam (Trumpet's dam).
BOSPHORUS, b. c, foaled 1759, imported into South Carolina by Capt. Parker, 1767. By Bosphorus. 1st dam by Tartar; 2d dam by Eegulus ; 3d dam by Old Cade ; 4th dam by Bay Bolton.
LI3T OF IMPOKTED STALLIOIS'S. 517
Bosquet, bl. c, foaled 1855, bred by Mr. Eobinson, purchased in England, 1860, by Mr. E. Wardle, for Gen. S. R. Gist, of South Carolina. By Game Boy. 1st dam Miss Betsey by Muley Moloch ; 2d dam Bavarian by Tramp ; 3d dam Comely by Comus ; 4th dam Anticipation by Benningbrougli ; 5th dam Expectation by Herod ; Gth dam by Skim ; 7th dam by Janus ; 8th dam Spinster by Crab ; 9th dam Widdrington Mare by Partner ; lOtli dam sister to Squirrel's dam by Bloody But- tocks ; 11th dam by Greyhound ; 12th dam by Makeless ; 13th dam by Brimmer ; 14th dam by Place's White Turk ; 15th dam by Dodsworth ; IGth dam Layton Barb mare.
Brahma, g. h., foaled 1833, bred by Mr. Meynell, imported into Canada by H. P. Simmons, Esq. By Solyman (son of Selim). 1st dam Scrambler by Waxy ; 2d dam Gipsey by Trumpator ; 3d dam sister to Postmaster by Herod ; 4th dam by Snap ; 5th dam by the Gower stallion ; Gth dam by Childers.
Brilliant, g. c, foaled 1791, by Phenomenon, bred by Mr. Gar- forth, and imported into Virginia 1796, by Col. Tayloe. 1st dam Faith by Pacolet ; 2d dam Atalanta by Matchem ; 3d dam Lass of the Mill by Oroonoko ; 4tli dam sister to Clarke's Lass of the Mill by Traveler ; 5th dam Miss Makeless by Young Grey- hound ; 6th dam by Partner ; 7th dam by Woodcock (dam of the Lambton Miss Doe) ; 8th dam by Croft's Bay Barb (grandam of the imp. mare, Mary Grey) ; 9tli dam Desdemona's dam by Makeless; 10th dam by Brimmer; 11th dam by Dicky Pear- son (son of Dodsworth) ; 12tli dam by Burton Barb mare.
Brunswick, imported into Virginia before the Eevolution, owned by James Macdonald in 1771 ; by Oroonoko. We cannot find this horse, and cannot find any Babraham mare that ever had a foal by Oroonoko. 1st dam by Babraham ; 2d dam by Ply- ing Childers.
Brutus, r. c, foaled 1748, by Eegulus, bred by Mr. Martindale, imported (it is believed) into South Carolina. 1st dam Miss Layton (Lodge's roan mare) by Partner ; 2d dam by a colt of Lord Cardigan's by the Duke of Eichmond's Turk ; 3d dam by Why-not ; 4th dam by Mr, Wilkinson's bay Arabiau ; 5th dam Natural Barb mare, bought by Mr. Wilkinson of Lord Arling- ton (Secretary of State to Charles the Second) to whom she was a present from the Emperor of Morocco.
Bryan O'Lynn, br. c, foaled 1796, by Aston, bred by Mr. Baker,
518 THE HOESE.
and imported into Warren county, N. C, by Governor James Turner in 1803. 1st dam by Le Sang ; 2d dam by Regulus ; 3d dam sister Bay Brocklesby by Partner ; 4th dam Brocklesby by Greyhound ; 5th dam by Brocklesby Betty by Curwen Bay Barb ; 6th dam Leedes Hobby mare, by the Lister Turk.
Bucephalus, br. c, foaled 1758, by Sir Matthew Wetherton's Locust, imported into Virginia before the Eevolution. We can- not find this horse. 1st dam by Cade ; 2d dam by Partner ; 3d dam by Makeless ; 4th dam by Brimmer ; 5th dam by Place's White Turk ; 6th dam by Dods worth ; 7th dam by Lay ton Barb mare.
BuFFCOAT, dun c, foaled 1742, by Godolphin Arabian, bred by Lord Godolphin. He died in Virginia in 1757. 1st dam Silver Locks by the Bald Galloway ; 2d dam by Akaster Turk ; 3d dam by Leedes ; 4th dam by Spanker.
BuLLE Rock, foaled in 1718, imported into Virginia before the Eevolution in 1730. We cannot find this horse, and give it as stated below, he being foaled before the issue of either the Stud Book or Pacing Calendar. By Darley Arabian. He was owned by Samuel Patton and Samuel Gist, of Virginia. 1st dam by Byerly Turk ; 2d dam Lister Turk ; 3d dam Natural Barb mare.
Buzzard, ch. c, foaled 1787, bred by Mr. Bullock, imported into Virginia by Colonel Hoomes, and afterward brought to Ken- tucky by Benjamin Graves. By Woodpecker. Died in Ken- tucky in 1811, aged 24. 1st dam Misfortune by Dux ; 2d dam Curiosity, sister to Angelica, by Suaj^ ; 3d dam by Regulus ; 4th dam by Bartlett's Childers ; 5th dam by Honeywood's Arabian ; 6th dam the dam of the two True Blues.
By THE Sea, ch. c, foaled 1868, imported by Mr. A. Belmont, New York, in his mother's belly. By Thormanby, by dam imported Bernice by Stockwell (which see).
Cade, h., foaled 1756, bred by Mr. Warren, imported into South Carolina 1762. By Old Cade. He stood at Mr. Williamson's in 1763, near Eantowles Bridge, at £35. 1st dam Silvertail by Henage's Whitenose ; 2d dam by Rattle ; 3d dam by Darley's Arabian ; 4th dam Old Child mare by Gresley's bay Arabian ; 5tli dam Vixen by Helmsley's Turk ; 6th dam Dodsworth's dam.
Camel, b. c, foaled 1830, by Camel, bred by James Barbour, of Vir- ginia, imported with his dam. 1st dam imp. Phantomia by
LIST OF IMPORTED STALLIONS. 519
Phantom ; 2d dam by Walton ; 3d dam Allegranti by Pegasus ; 4tli dam Orange Squeezer by Highflyer ; 5th dam Mop Squeezer by Matchem ; 6th dam Lady by Sh' 0. Turners Sweepstakes ; 7th dam, dam of Shuttle by Patriot ; 8th dam by Crab ; 10th dam sister to Sloven by Bay Bolton ; 11th dam by Curwen's Bay Barb ; 12th dam by Spot ; 13 th dam by White-legged Lowther Barb; 14th dam Old Vintner mare.
Canxon", b. c, foaled 1789, by Dungannon, bred by his Majesty George the Fourth. 1st dam Miss Spindleshanks by Omar ; 2d dam by Starling ; 3d dam by Godolphiu Arabian ; 4th dam by Stanyan's Arabian ; 5th dam by Pelham's Barb ; 6th dam by Spot ; 7th dam by White-legged Lowther Barb ; 8th dam Old Vintner mare.
Cakwell, b. c, foaled 1859 ; bred by Lord Newport. Imported into Canada, 1863. By Stockwell. 1st dam May Bell by Hetman Platoff ; 2d dam by Sultan ; 3d dam Salute by Muley ; 4th dam Dulcamara by Waxy ; 5th dam Witchery by Sorcerer ; 6th dam Cobbea by Skyscraper; 7th dam by Woodpecker; 8tli dam Heinel by Squirrel ; 9th dam by Blank ; 10th dam by Cullen Arabian ; 11th dam Grieswood's Lady Thigh by Partner.
CARDiisrAL Puff, b. c, bred by Lord Grosvenor. Imported by Samuel Harrison, of Anne Arundel County, Md., by Cardinal Puff. We cannot find this horse. 1st dam by Bandy ; 2d dam by Matchem.
Carlo, b. c, foaled 1795, by Balloon, bred by Sir J. Honey^'ood, imported into Philadelphia by Eobert Wain, Esq. He stood at a Mr. Duckett's in 1809. 1st dam sister to Peter Pindar by Javelin ; 2d dam Sweetheart by Herod ; 3d dam by Snap ; 4tli dam by Regulus ; 5th dam Crimps dam by Snip ; 6th dam Lady Thigh by Partner ; 7th dam by Bloody Buttocks ; 8th dam by Greyhound ; 9th dam by Makeless ; 10th dam by Brim- mer ; 11th dam by Place's White Turk; 12th dam by Dods- worth ; 13th dam Layton Barb mare.
Carver, b. c, foaled 1770, by Young Snap. Imported in 1774 by by Dr. Charles Mayle, Norfolk County, Virginia. 1st dam by Blank ; 2d dam by Babraham ,• 3d dam by Ancaster Starling ; 4th dam by Grasshopper ; 5th dam by Sir M. Newton's Arabian ; 6th dam by Pert ; 7th dam St. Martins ; 8th dam by Sir E. Hale's Turk (cannot find this horse).
Centijstel, ch. c, foaled 1758, by Blank, bred by the Duke of
520 THE HOKSE.
Ancaster, and imported into South Carolina. Died 1784. 1st dam Naylor by Cade ; 2d dam Spectator's dam by Partner ; 3d dam Bonny Lass by Bay Bolton ; 4th dam by Darley's Arabian ; 5th dam by Byerly Turk ; Gth dam by Taffolet Barb; 7th dam by Place's White Turk ; 8th dam Natural Barb mare.
Cetus, b. c, foaled 1827, by Whalebone, bred by Mr. Dilly, imported by F. P. Corbin, of Virginia. 1st dam Lamia (sister to Quail) by Gohanua ; 2d dam Certhia by Woodpecker ; 3d dam by Trentham ; 4tli dam Cunegonde by Blank ; 5th dam by Cullen Arabian ; 6th dam by Patriot ; 7th dam by Gander ; 8th dam by brother to Grantham ; 9th dam by Pulliene's Chestnut Arabian ; 10th dam by Spanker.
Chance, b. c, foaled 1797, by Lurcher, bred by Mr. Wentworth, and imported by Col. John Tayloe into Virginia. Died in Virginia, 1820, aged 23. 1st dam Recovery by Hyder-Ally ; 2d dam Per- dita by Herod ; 3d dam Fair Forester by Sloe ; 4th dam by Forester ; 5th dam by Partner ; 6th dam by Croft's Bay Barb ; 7th dam by Makeless ; 8th dam by Brimmer ; 9th dam by Dicky Pierson (son of Dodsworth) ; 10th dam Burton Barb mare.
Chaeiot, b. c, foaled 1789, by Highflyer ; bred by Mr. Clifton ; imported into Virginia by Mr. Thweat, and by him sold to Messrs. James & Henry L}Tie, Granville County, JST. C, in 1802. 1st dam Potosi by Eclipse; 2d dam by Blank; 3d dam by Godolphin Arabian ; 4th dam by Snip ; 5tli dam Spinster (the Widdington Mare) by Partner ; Gth dam sister to Squirrel's dam by Bloody Buttocks ; 7th dam by Greyhound ; 8th dam by Makeless ; 9th dam by Brimmer ; lOtli dam l)y Place's White Turk ; 11th dam by Dodsworth ; 12th dam Layton Barb mare.
Chateau Maegaijx, br. c, foaled 1822, by Whalebone ; bred by Lord Egremont, and owned by J. Avery & A. T. B. Merritt, Hick's Ford, Virginia, 1835, imported 1834, by Messrs. Merritt & Co, 1st dam Wasp (sister to Scorpion) by Gohanna ; 2d dam by Highflyer; 3d dam Chanticleer's dam by Eclipse; 4th dam Eosebud by Snap ; 5th dam Miss Belsea by Eegulus ; 6th dam by Bartlett's Childers ; 7th dam by Hone5rwood's Ara- bian ; 8th dam, dam of the two True Blues.
Chesterfield, br. c, first called New Zealand, foaled 1836, bred by Lord Chesterfield, and imported to Illinois by Col. Oakley. By
LIST OF IMPORTED STALLIOKS. 531
imported Priam. 1st dam Worthless by Walton ; 2d dam Alti- sidora by Dick Andrews ; 3d dam Mandane by Pot-8-o's ; 4tli dam Young Camilla by Woodpecker ; 5th dam Camilla by Trentham ; Gth dam Coquette by the Compton Barb ; 7th dam sister to Kegulns by Godolphin Arabian ; 8tli dam Grey Robinson by Bald Galloway ; 9th dam by Snake ; 10th dam Old Wilkes by Old Hautboy.
Childers, b. c, imported into Virginia about the year 1751, by John Tayloe, Sen., of Mt. Airy. By Blaze (son of Flying Childers). We can find no produce of Fox by Blaze, nor of Fox by Bald Galloway. 1st dam by Fox; 2d dam by Bald Galloway.
CiTiZEjj", b. c, foaled 1785, by Facolet; bred by Mr. Gorwood. Sent to the West Indies, afterward imported into North Caro- lina by General Stephen Wright Carney, of Halifax County, and landed at Portsmouth, Va., in the ship Gosport, on the 26th day of September, 1803, then 18 years old. Died in Ten- nessee, 1809, aged 24. 1st dam Princess by Turk ; 2d dam Fairy Queen by Young Cade ; 3d dam Eouth's Black Eyes by Crab ; 4th dam Warlock Galloway by Snake ; 5th dam sister to Carlisle Gelding by The Bald Galloway; 6th dam Wharton mare by Lord Carlisle's Turk ; 7th dam by BaldGolloway ; 8th dam by Byerly Turk.
Claret, b. c, foaled 1830, by Chateau Margaux, bred by Mr. Wilson, and owned or stood by Wyatt Cardwell, Charlotte Court House, Va., 1835, imported 1834, by Merritt & Co. 1st dam by Par- tisan ; 2d dam Silvertail by Gohanna ; 3d dam by Orville ; 4th dam Sehm's dam by Alexander ; 5th dam by Highflyer ; 6th dam by Alfred ; 7th dam by Engineer ; 8th dam Bay Malton's dam by Cade ; 9th dam Lass of the Mill by Traveler ; 10th dam Miss Makeless by Young Greyhound ; 11th dam by Partner ; 12th dam Miss Doe's dam by Woodcock ; 13th dam by Croft's Bay Barb ; 14th dam Chestnut Thornton by Makeless ; loth dam Old Thornton by Brimmer; 16th dam by Dicky Pierson; 17th dam Burton Barb mare.
Clifden-, b. c, foaled 1787, by Alfred, bred by Sir J. Lade, and imported into Virginia in 1800, by Dr. William Thornton, of Washington City. 1st dam sister to Mulberry by Florizel ; 2d dam Teresa by Matchem ; 3d dam Brown Eegulus by Regu- lus ; 4th dam Miss Starling Junior by Starling ; 5 th dam by
522 THE nORSE.
Partner ; Gtli dam by Croft's Bay Barb ; 7th dam by Makeless ; 8th dam by Dicky Pierson (son of Dodsworth) ; 9th dam Bur- ton Barb mare.
Clifton, b. c. (formerly called Grinder), foaled 1797, by Abbe Thulle, bred by Mr. Clifton. Said to have been imported into Maryland. 1st dam Eustatia by Highflyer ; 2d dam Wren by Woodpecker; 3d dam Papillon (Sir Peter Teazle dam) by Snap ; 4tli dam Miss Cleveland by Eegulus ; 5th dam Midge by a son of Bay Bolton ; 6th dam by Bartlett's Childers ; 7th dam Ijy Honey wood's Arabian ; 8th dam the dam of the two True Blues.
Clockfast, g, c, foaled 1774, by Gimcrack, bred by Lord Grosvenor, imported into Virginia in the ship Theodorick, by Capt. McNab. 1st dam Miss Ingram by Eegulus ; 2d dam Miss Doe by Sed- bury ; 3d dam Miss Mayes by Bartlett's Childers ; 4th dam by Counsellor ; 5th dam by Snake ; 6th dam by Luggs ; 7tli dam by Davill's Old Woodcock.
Clown", b. c, foaled 1785, by Bordeaux, bred by Mr. Vernon, sent to the West Indies, and imported into Orange County, North Carolina, by Messrs. Cahi & Eea. 1st dam by Eclipse ; 2d dam Chrysis by Careless ; 3d dam Snappina by Snap ; 4tli dam by Moore's Partner ; 5tli dam by Childers ; 6th dam Miss Bel- voir by Grey Grantham ; 7th dam by Paget Turk ; 8th dam Betty Percival by Leede's Arabian ; 9th dam by Spanker.
CocK-A-Hoop, ch. c, foaled 1856, bred by Mr. A. Gray, imported by E. Ten Broeck, Esq., 1860. By The Confessor. Died on the passage. 1st dam Delia by Dick; 2d dam Lady Di by Actason.
CcEUR DE Leon", b. c, foaled 1789, by Highflyer, bred by Mr. Tur- ner, and imported into Virginia by Col. John Hoomes. Died 1809, aged 20 years. 1st dam Dido by Eclipse; 2d dam by Spectator ; 3d dam by Blank ; 4th dam Lord Leigh's Diana by Second ; 5tli dam Mr. Hanger's brown mare by Stanyan's Ara- bian; 6th dam Gipsy by King William's Notongued Barb; 7th dam by Makeless ; 8th dam Eoyal mare.
Columbus, b. c, foaled 1835 ; imported in his mother's belly by E. D. Shepherd, Va. By Columbus ; dam by Catton ; 2d dam (Kilnocky's dam) by Sancho. (See Catton mare.)
Commodore, b. c, imported into New York in the ship Samuel Eobinson, Capt. Choate, from Greenock, in Scotland, by C. H. Williams, Esf|. By Caleb Quotem, Mary Brown, the reported dam of Commodore, was foaled 1805, but we can fjid no prod-
LIST OF IMPOKTED STALLIONS. 523
uce of Mary Brown in the Stud Book, by Caleb Quotem. The pedigree is given as found in Edgar, no date of foaling or year of importation is given; the pedigree is correct from Mary Brown back to the dam of the two True Blues. Said to have been foaled 1820. 1st dam Mary Brown by Guilford; 2d dam Vixen by Pot-8-o's ; 3d dam Cypher by Squirrel ; 4:tli dam by Eegulus; 5th dam by Bartlett's Childers; 6th dam by Honey- wood's Arabian ; 7th dam the dam of the two True Blues.
CoMUS, (Berner's) b. or br, c, foaled 1829, by Comus, bred by Lord Berner, and imported by E. H. Boardman, Huntsville, Ala., in 1837. 1st dam Eotterdam by Juniper; 2d dam Spotless by "Walton ; 3d dam by Trumpator ; -ith dam by Highflyer ; 5th dam Otheothea by Otho; Gth dam by Snap; 7tli dam by Eegu- lus ; 8th dam Wildair s dam by Steady ; 9th dam by Partner ; 10th dam by Greyhouud; 11th dam Chestnut Layton by Make- less ; 12th dam Bay Layton by Counsellor; 13th dam by Brim- mer; 14th dam Trumpet's dam by Place's White Turk ; 15th dam by Dodsworth; 16tli dam Layton Barb mare.
CoNSOL, b. c, foaled 1828, by Lottery, bred by Mr. Walker, and im- ported into America by E. H. Boardman, of Alabama, in 1835. Consol died 1839. 1st dam by Cerberus; 2d dam Merlin's dam by Delpini ; 3d dam Tripple Cyder by King Fergus ; 4th dam Sylvia by Young Marske; 5 th dam Ferret by a brother to Sil- vio ; 6th dam Eegulus ; 7th dam by Lord Morton's Arabian ; 8th dam by Mixbury ; 9th dam by Mulso Bay Turk ; 10th dam by Bay Bolton; 11th dam by Coneyskins; 12th dam by Hut- ton's Grey Barb; 13th dam by Byerly Turk; 14th dam by Bustler.
CoNSTEKNATiON', br.' c, foaled 1841, by Confederate, bred by Mr. Cawood, and imported in June, 1846, by C. J. Abbott, Esq., and recently the property of John P. Welch, of Oregon. 1st dam Curiosity by Figaro ; 2d dam by Waxy ; 3d dam Bizarre by Peruvian ; 4th dam Violante by John Bull ; 5th dam sister to Skyscraper by Highflyer; Gtli dam Everlasting by Eclipse; 7th dam Hysena by Snap ; 8th dam Miss Belsea by Eegulus ; 9th dam by Bartlett's Childers; lOtli dam by Honeywood's Arabian ; 11th dam, dam of the two True Blues.
CONTEACT, ch. c, foalcd 1823, by Catton, bred by Lord Scarborough, and imported by William Jackson into New York in 1829. 1st dam Helen by Hambletonian : 2d dam Susan by Overton; 3d
524 THE nORKSE.
dam Drowsy by Drone ; 4tli dara Old England mare by Cullen Arabian; 5th dam Miss Cade by Cade; Gthdam Miss Makeless by a son of Greyhound ; 7th dam by Partner (sister to Wilkie's mare) ; 8th dam by Woodcock; 9th dam by Croft's Barb; 10th dam by Makeless; 11th dam by Brimmer; 12th dam l:>y Dicky Pierson; 13th dam Burton Barb mare.
Cormorant, b. c, foaled 1787, by Woodpecker, bred Ijy Mr. Fox, and imported into Virginia by the late Colonel John Hoomes. 1st dam Nettletop by Squirrel; 2d dam Indiana's dam by Baja- zet; 3d dam by Regulus; 4th dam by Blank; 5th dam by Lonsdale Arabian ; 6th dam Bonny Lass by Bay Bolton ; 7th dam by Darley's Arabian ; 8th dam by Byerly Turk ; 9th dam by Taffolet Barb; 10th dam by Place's White Turk; 11th dam Natural Barb mare.
Coronet, b. c, foaled 1825, by Catton, bred by Mr. F. Lumley. He stood at Somerville, Tenn., in 1839, at Edward Haskins'. 1st dam by Paynator; 2d dam Violet by Shark; 3d dam by Sy- phon ; 4th dam Mr. Quick's Charlotte by Blank ; 5th dam by Crab ; Gth dam by Dyer's Dimple ; 7th dam by Bethell's Cast- away ; 8th dam by Why-not ; 9th dam Eoyal mare.
Crab, foaled in 1736, bred by Mr. Eouth, and imported into Amer- ica about the year 1746. He died in Virginia, in 1750. By Crab. 1st dam by Counsellor; 2d dam by Coneyskins ; 3d dam by Hutton's Arabian.
Crawford, g. c, bred by His Royal Highness the Duke of Cum- berland ; imported into Virginia, by Eobert Rutfm, of Prince Georo-e county. We cannot find this horse. By Cumberland Arabian, 1st dam by Partner; 2d dam by Snake; 3d dam by Lyster Turk.
Crawler, b. c, foaled 1792, by Highflyer, bred by the Duke of Grafton ; imported into the State of Tennessee. 1st dam Har- riet by Matchem ; 2d dam Flora by Regulus ; 3d dam by Bart- lett's Childers ; 4th dam by Bay Bolton ; 5th dam by Belgrade Turk.
Creeper, b. c, foaled 1768, by Tandem, bred by Lord A. Hamilton ; imported into the State of New York. 1st dam Harriet by Matchem; 2d dam Flora 1)y Regulus; 3d dam by Bartlett's Childers; 4th dam by Bay Bolton; 5th dam by Belgrade Turk.
LIST OF IMPORTED STALLIOis'S. 525
Creole, bl. c, foaled 1750, bred by the Marquis of Eockingham; by Ancaster Starling. First dam the dam of Dapple, For pedigree of Creole (also called Negro), see English Eacing Cal- endar for 1754, page 177.
Cruiser, b. c, foaled 1852, bred by Lord Dorchester, imported into Ohio by Mr. J. S. Earey. By Venison. Died 18G6. 1st dam by Little Eed Eover ; 2d dam Eclat by Edmund; 3d dam Squib by Soothsayer; 4th dam Berenice by Alexander; 5th dam Bru- nette by Amaranthus ; 6th dam Mayfly by Matchem ; 7th dam by Ancaster Starling; 8th dam by Grasshopper; 9th dam by Sir M. Newton's Arabian; 10th dam by Pert; 11th dam by St. Martin; 12th dam by Sir E. Hale's Arabian; 13th dam the Oldfield mare.
Cub, ch. c, foaled 1739, by Fox, bred by Mr. Greville, and imported into Virginia. 1st dam Warlock Galloway by Snake ; 2d dam sister to Carlisle Gelding by the Bald Galloway ; 3d dam by Byerly Turk.
Cumberland, bl. c, foaled 1836, bred by Mr. Stirling, imported by Com. E. F. Stockton, New Jersey. By Camel. 1st dam Ma- tilda by Or\dlle; 2d dam by Sorcerer; 3d dam Matilda by Whiskey ; 4th dam sister to Toby by Highflyer ; 5th dam by Matchem; 6th dam by Dainty Davy; 7th dam by son of Mo- gul ; 8th dam by Crab ; 9th dam by Bay Bolton ; 10th dam by Curwen Bay Barlj.
Cyistthius, ch. c, foaled 1799, by Acacia, bred by Mr. Garforth. 1st dam Yarico by King Fergus ; 2d dam Atalanta by Matchem ; 3d dam Lass of the Mill by Oroonoko ; 4th dam sister to Clark's Lass of the Mill by Old Traveler ; 5th dam Miss Makeless by Young Greyhound; 6th dam by Partner ; 7th dam, dam of the Lambton Miss Doe by Woodcock; 8th dam by Croft's Bay Barb ; 9th dam by Makeless ; 10th dam by Brimmer ; 11th dam by Dicky Pierson ; 12th dam Burton Barb mare.
Dabster, c. c, foaled 1735, by HobgobHu, and imported into Vir- ginia about 1741. We cannot find this horse. 1st dam by Spanker; 2d dam by Hautboy.
Daghee, ch. c, foaled , by Muley, bred by , imported
into Canada by Com. Barrie, E. N., afterward brought to the United States, and stood in New Jersey in 1835. First dam by Sheik (Arabian). Not down in the English Stud Book.
520 THE HORSE.
Dancing Master, b. c, foaled 1788, by Woodpecker, bred by Lord Derby, imported into South Carolina. 1st dam Madcap by Snap ; 2d dam Miss Meredith by Old Cade ; 3d dam Little Hartley mare by Bartlett's Cliilders ; 4th dam Fl}ing V/hig by William's Woodstock Arabian ; 5th dam by St. Victor Barb ; 6th dam by Why-not (son of the Fen wick Barb) ; 7th dam Eoyal mare.
Dare Devil, b. c, foaled 1787, by Magnet, bred by the Duke of Grafton, imported by Col. Hoomes, of Virginia, in the ship Ee- becca, from London, in 1795. 1st dam Hebe by Chrysolite; 2d dam Proserpine (sister to Eclipse) by Marske ; 3d dam Spi- letta by Eegulus ; 4th dam Mother Western by Smith's son of Snake ; 5th dam by Lord D'Arcy's Old Montague ; Gth dam by Hautboy; 7th dam by Brimmer.
Darlington, b. c, foaled 1787, bred by Mr. Wetherston, of Thorpe, near Bernard Castle, Yorkshire, Eng., by Clothier, imported by Mr. Hoomes in 1792. We cannot find this horse. 'No doubt correct pedigree. 1st dam by Highflyer; 2d dam by Little John ; 3d dam by Snake.
David (called Young David in the English Stud Book), b. c, foaled 1756, by the Gower Stallion, bred by Lord Gower, and imported into Virginia about the year 1763. 1st dam by Fox-Cub; 2d dam by Mr. Honeywood's Young True Blue ; 3d dam sister to Mr. Pelham's Little George by the Curwen Barb.
Denizen, ch. c, foaled 1836 ; imported in his mother's belly by E. H. Boardman, Alabama. By Eng. Actaeou ; dam Imp. Design by Tramp. (See Imp. Design.)
Derby, b. c, foaled 1831, bred by Lord Derby ; imported by E. D. Shepherd, Va. By Sir Peter Lely. Derby was purchased and taken to Kentucky, and died the property of Hon. Henry Clay. 1st dam Urganda (also imported) by Milo ; 2d dam by Sor- cerer ; 3d dam by Sir Solomon ; 4th dam by Young Marske. (See Imported Urganda.)
De Bash, b. c, foaled 1792, by King Fergus, bred by Sir C. Turner, imported into Massachusetts by Mr. Jones. 1st dam by High- flyer ; 2d dam Madcap by Snap ; 3d dam Miss Meredith by Old Cade ; 4th dam Little Hartley mare by Bartlett's Childers; 5th dam Flying Whig by Woodstock's Arabian ; 6th dam by St Victor Barb ; 7th dam by "Wliy-not (son of the Fenwick Barb) : 8th dam Eoval mare.
LIST OF IMPORTED STALLIONS. 537
DiOMED, ch. c, foaled 1777, by Florizel, bred by Sir C. Bunbury, and imported into Virginia in 1799, when 23 years of age. He died the property of Col. Hoonies in 1808, aged 31 years. 1st dam sister to Juno by Spectator ; 2d dam sister to Horatius by Blank ; 3d dam by Childers ; 4th dam Miss Belvoir by Grey Grantham; 5th dam by Paget Tnrk; 6th dam Betty Percival by Leede's Arabian ; 7th dam by Spanker.
Dioisr, b. c, foaled 1795, by Spadille, bred by Mr. Garforth, imported into Virginia the fall of 1801, by Col. Hoomes. 1st dam Faith by Pacolet; 2d dam Atalanta by Match em; 3d dam Lass of the Mill by Oroonoko ; 4tli dam sister to Clark's Lass of the Mill by Traveler ; 5th dam Miss Makeless by Young Greyhound ; 6th dam by Partner ; 7th dam, dam of Miss Doe by Woodcock ; 8th dam by Croft's Bay Barb ; 9th dam Dcsde- mona's dam by Makeless; 10th dam by Brimmer; 11th dam by Dicky Pierson ; 12th dam Burton Barb mare.
DoxcASTER, bl. c, foaled 1834, by Longwaist, bred by Mr. Nowell, and imported in 1835, a yearling, by Captain William J. Minor, of Natchez, Miss. 1st dam Young Lady Em by Muley; 2d dam Lady Ern by Stamford; 3d dam sister to Repeater by Trumpator ; 4tli dam Demirep by Highflyer ; 5th dam Brim by Squirrel; 6tli dam Helen by Blank; 7th dam by Crab; 8th dam sister to Partner by Jigg ; 9tli dam sister to Misbury by Curwen's Bay Barb; 10th dam by Old Spot; 11th dam by White-legged Lowther Barb; 12th dam Old Vintner mare.
DoK Quixote, ch. c, foaled 1784, by Eclipse, bred by Mr. Taylor, and imported into Virginia. 1st dam Grecian Princess by Williams' Forester ; 2d dam by the Coalition colt (son of the G. Arabian) ; 3d dam by Bustard ; 4th dam Lord Leigh's Charming Molly by Second; 5th dam Mr. Hanger's brown mare by Stanyan's Arabian; 6th dam Gipsy by King Wil- liam's No-tongued Barb ; 7th dam by Makeless ; 8th dam Eoyal mare.
Dormouse, ch. c, foaled 1753, by Dormouse, bred by Lord Ched- worth. 1st dam Diana by Whitefoot ; 2d dam Silverlocks by the Bald Galloway ; 3d dam by Akaster Turk ; 4th dam by Leedes ; 5th dam by Spanker.
DoTTERREL, g. c, foalcd 1756, bred by Sir John Pennington, and said pedigree given by him (P. N. Lee, of Virginia). By Change- ling. This horse stood in Westmoreland county, Va., in 1766.
528 THE HOESE.
1st diim hj a son of Wynn's Arabian ; 2d dam by a son of Lonsdale Arabian; 3d dam by Black Arabian; 4th dam by Curwen's Bay Barb ; 5th dam by Burton Barb mare.
Dove, g. c, foaled , imported by Dr. Thomas Hamilton, of
Prince George county, Md. By Young Cade. Thos. Good, of Virginia, stood him in 1787. We cannot find him. He was imported in 17G1 or 1762. He ran in 1763, at Annapolis, Md. 1st dam by Teazer ; 2d dam by Gardiner.
Deagon, ch. c, foaled 1787, by Woodpecker, bred by the Duke of Bedford ; imported into Virginia by Col. Hoomes. He died in Tennessee in 1812, aged 25 years. 1st dam Juno by Spectator (sister to the dam of Diomed) ; 2d dam by Blank (sister to Horatius) ; 3d dam by Childers ; 4th dam Miss Belvoir by Grey Grantham; 5th dam byPajetTurk; 6th dam Betty Percival by Leede's Arabian ; 7th dam by Spanker.
Deivee, b. c, foaled 1806, by Driver, bred by Mr. Bruhl ; imported into Virginia by Dr. William Thornton, of Washington city, D. C. 1st dam by Dorimant; 2d dam Muse by Herod; 3d dam by Shepherd's Crab ; 4th dam Miss Meredith by Cade ; 5th dam Little Hartley mare by Bartlett's Childers ; 6th dam Flying Whig by William's Woodstock Arabian ; 7th dam by St. Victor Barb ; 8tli dam Why-not (son of the Fenwick Barb) ; 9 th dam Eoyal mare.
Deone, b. c, foaled 1777, by Herod, bred by Mr. Panton; imported into Massachusetts or Connecticut. He stood in Litchfield, Conn., and in Dutchess Co., N. Y. 1st dam Lilly by Blank ; 2d dam Peggy by Cade ; 3d dam sister to Widrington mare by Partner ; 4th dam sister to Squirrel's dam by Bloody Buttocks ; 5th dam by Greyhonnd ; 6th dam by Makeless ; 7tli dam by Brimmer ; 8th dam by Place's White Turk ; 9tli dam by Dods- worth ; 10th dam Lay ton Barb marc.
Druid, ch. c, foaled 1780, by Pot-8-o's, bred by Lord Grosvenor, and imported into Virginia, in 1800, by Col. Hoomes. 1st dam Maid of the Oaks by Herod ; 2d dam Parity by Matchem ; 3d dam Snapdragon by Snap; 4th dam by Eegulus; 5th dam by Bartlett's Cbilders; 6tli dam by Honeywood's Arabian; 7th dam, dam of the two True Blues.
DuNGANNON", b. c, foaled 1786, by Dungannon, bred by Mr. Gra- ham, and imported by Colonel Tayloe, of Virginia, in 1799. 1st dam Flirtilla by Conductor; 2d dam Flirt by Squirrel; 3d
LIST OF IMPOETED STALLIONS. 529
dam Helen by Blank ; 4tli dam by Crab ; 5tli dam sister to Partner by Jigg; 6th dam sister to Mixbury by Curwen's Bay Barb; 7tli dam by Old Spot; 8tli dam by White-legged Lowther Barb ; 9th dam Old Vintner mare.
Eagle, b. c, foaled 1796, by Volunteer, bred by Sir F. Standish, and imported into Virginia, the fall of 1811, by Mr. Bell. Died in Kentucky, 1826, aged 30. 1st dam by Highflyer ; 2d dam by Engineer ; 3d dam by Cade ; 4th dam Lass of the Mill by Traveler ; 5th dam Miss Makeless by Young Greyhound ; 6tli dam by Partner ; 7th dam (dam of the Lambton Miss Doe) by Woodcock; 8th dam by Croft's Bay Barb; 9th dam (Desde- mona dam) by Makeless ; 10th dam by Brimmer ; 11th dam by Dicky Pierson ; 12th dam Burton Barb mare.
Eclipse, b. c, foaled 1747, by Partner, bred by Mr. Crofts; im- ported by Col. Harris, of Virginia, and called sometimes " Har- ris' Eclipse." He died on Manherrin river, Va., in 1771, aged 24 years. We do not vouch for the accuracy of the following pedigree; the mare had seven colts by Partner, 1734, '37, '40, '43, '45, '46 and '47. We have taken the last foal as the colt. 1st dam bay Bloody Buttocks by Bloody Buttocks ; 2d dam by Greyhound; 3d dam by Makeless; 4tli dam by Brimmer; 5th dam by Place's White Turk; 6th dam by Dodsworth; 7th dam Lay ton Barb mare.
Eclipse, ch. c, foaled 1778, by Eclipse, bred by Sir J. Shelley. This horse was imported and owned by Eichard B. Hall, of Prince George county, Md., and was called Hall's Eclipse. 1st dam Phoebe by Eegulus ; 2d dam by Cottingham ; 3d dam by Snake ; 4th dam by Bald Galloway ; 5th dam by Lord Carlisle's Turk.
Eclipse, b. c, foaled 1855, by Orlando, bred by Mr. Greville, im- ported by E. Ten Broeck, and. owned by Frank Morris, Esq., of New York. 1st dam Gaze (sister to Gasser) by Bay Middle- ton ; 2d dam Flj'catcher by Godolphin ; 3d dam sister to Cob- web by Phantom; 4th dam Filagree by Soothsayer; 5th dam Web by Waxy ; 6th dam Penelope by Trumpator ; 7th dam Prunella by Highflyer; 8th dam Promise by Snap; 9th dam Julia by Blank; 10th dam Spectatoi-'s dam by Partner; 11th dam Bonny Lass by Bay Bolton; 12th dam by Darley's Ara- bian ; 13th dam by Byerly Turk; 14th dam by Taffolet Barb; 15th dam by Place's White Turk; 16th dam Natural Barb mare.
Vol. L— 34
530 THE HORSE.
Eclipse, ch. c. (called Northern Eclipse), imported, consigned to Messrs. Wallace & Mnir, Annapolis, Md. By O'Kelly's Eclipse. 1st dam Amaryllis by Adolplms ; 2d dam by Cub ; 3d dam (A. La Greque's dam) by Allworthy; 4tli dam by Bolton Star- ling; otli dam Dairy Maid by Bloody Buttocks; 6tli dam Bay Brocklesby by Old Partner ; 7tli dam Brocklesby by Grey- hound ; 8th dam Brocklesby Betty by Curwen's Bay Barb ; 9th dam Mr. Leedes' Hobby mare by The Lister Turk.
Emancipation, b. c, foaled 1827, by Whisker, bred by Mr. Eid- dell, and imported into Virginia, 1835, by Messrs. Merritt & Co. 1st dam by Ardrossan (Beeswing's dam) ; 2d dam Lady Eliza by Whitworth ; 3d dam X Y Z's dam by Spadille ; 4th dam Sylvia by Young Marske ; 5th dam Ferrett by brother to Silvio ; 6th dam by Kegulus ; 7th dam by Lord Morton's Ara- bian ; 8tli dam by J\Iixbury ; 9th dam by Mulso's Bay Turk ; 10th dam by Bay Bolton; 11th dam by Coneyskins; 12th dam by Hutton's Grey Barb ; 13th dam by Byerly Turk; 14th dam by Bustler.
Emancipation Colt, ch. c, foaled 183G ; imported in New York. By Emancipation before his importation ; dam Rosalind by Paulowitz, foaled in England before her imi^ortation. (See imported Rosalind.)
Emu, b. c, foaled 1832, bred by Mr. Hnntcr; imported by Thomas Elintoff, Esq., of Nashville, Tenn. By Picton. 1st dam Cui- rass by Oiseau ; 2d dam Castanea by Gohanna ; 3d dam Grey Skin by Woodpecker; 4th dam Silver's dam by King Herod; 5th dam Young Hag by Skim ; Gth dam Hag by Crab ; 7th dam Ebony by Childers ; 8tli dam Old Ebony by Basto ; 9th dam the Massey mare.
Englishman, b. c, foaled 1812. The property of Walter Bell, of Virginia; imported in his mother's belly. By imp. Eagle. 1st dam by Pot-oooooooo (sister to Timidity) ; 2d dam by Peg- . asus; 3d dam by Highflyer; 4th dam Smallbones by Justice ; 5th dam by Pangloss ; 6th dam Riddle by Wolseley Barb ; 7th dam Lady Augusta by Spot ; 8th dam by Crab ; 9th dam sister to Partner by Jigg; 10th dam sister to Mixbury by Curwen's Bay Barb; 11th dam by Old Spot; 12th dam by White-legged Lowther Barb ; 13th dam Old Vintner mare.
Envoy, b. c, foaled 1833, by Memnon, bred by Mr. Mott; stood at Le\tis K. Grigsby's, Winchester, Ky., in 1839. 1st dam Zarina
LIST OF IMPORTED STALLIONS. 531
by Morisco ; 2d dam lua by Smoleusko ; 3d dam Morgiana by Coriander ; 4th clam Fairy by Highflyer ; 5th dam Fairy Queen by Young Cade ; Gth dam Eouth's Black Eyes by Crab ; 7th dam Warlock Galloway by Snake ; 8th dam sister to Carlisle gelding by the Bald Galloway ; 9th dam Wharton mare by his Turk; 10th dam by Bald Galloway; 11th dam by Byerl^ Turk. Escape (called Horns formerl}'^, and so entered in English Stu( Book), ch. c, foaled 1798, and imported into Virginia by Col. Hoomes. By Precipitate. Died 1807. 1st dam by Wood- pecker; 2d dam by Sweetbriar; 3d dam (Buzzard's dam) Miss- fortune by Dux; 4th dam Curiosity, sister to Angelica by Snap; 5th dam by Eegulus ; Gth dam by Bartlett's Childers; 7th dam by Honeywood's Arabian ; 8th dam, dam of the two True Blues.
EsPERSYKES, br. c, foaled 1837, bred by Mr. Allen ; imported by Thomas Alderson, Esq., Nashville, Tenn. By imported Behaz- zar. 1st dam by Capsicum ; 2d dam Acldam Lass by Prime Minister ; 3d dam Young Harriet by Camillus ; 4th dam Har- riet by Precipitate; 5th dam Young Rachel by Volunteer; Gth dam Eachel by Highflyer; 7th dam (sister to Tandem) by Syphon ; 8th dam by Eegulus ; 9th dam by Snip; 10th dam by Cottingham; 11th dam Warlock Galloway by Snake.
EuGEKius, ch. c, foaled 1770, bred by the Duke of Ancaster. By Chrysolite. 1st dam Mixbury by Eegulus; 2d dam Little Bowes by brother to Mixbury; 3d dam Bowes by Button's Barb; 4th dam by Byerly Turk; 5th dam by Selaby Turk; Gth dam Mr. Place's mare by Hautboy ; 7th dam sister to Mor- gan Dun by a son of tlie Helmsley Turk; 8th dam by Dods- worth ; 9th dam by Burton Barb.
Expedition", ch. c, foaled 1795, bred by Lord Egremont, and im- ported into New York. By Pegasus. He stood in New Jersey in 1802. 1st dam Actiye by Woodpecker ; 2d dam Laura by Whistle- Jacket; 3d dam Pretty Polly by Starling; 4th dam sister to Lord Leigh's Diana by Second ; 5th dam Mr Hanger's brown mare by Stanyan's Arabian ; Gth dam Gipsey by King William's Notongued Barb ; 7th dam by Makeless ; 8th dam Eoyal mare.
Express, b. c, foaled 1785, bred by Mr. Barton. By Postmaster. 1st dam by Syphon; 2d dam by Matchem; 3d dam by Snip;
532 THE HORSE.
4th dam by Regulns ; 5tli dam Parker's Lady Thigli by Part- ner; 6th dam Bay Bloody Buttocks by Bloody Buttocks; 7th dam by Greyhound ; 8th dam by Makeless ; 9th dam by Brim- mer; 10th dam by Place's White Turk; 11th dam by Dods- worth ; 12th dam Layton Barb mare.
ExTOiS", b. c, foaled 1791, by Highflyer, bred by Mr. Addy. 1st dam lo by Spectator; 2d dam by Blank; 3d dam Lord Leigh's Diana by Second ; 4th dam Mr. Hanger's brown mare by Stan- yan's Arabian ; 5 th dam Gipsey by King \yilliam's Notongued Barb ; 6th dam by Makeless : 7th dam Eoyal mare.
Fairfax EoA]sr, alias Strawberry, alias Strawberry Eoan, r. c, foaled 1764, bred by Mr. Simpson ; imported (it is believed) by Lord Fairfax into Virginia during the Eevolutionary war. By Adolphus. 1st dam by Mr. Smith's Tartar (a son of Croft's Partner) ; 2d dam by Midge (son of Snake) ; 3d dam by Hip.
Fallower, c, foaled 1761, bred by Duke of Grafton. Imported into South Carohna 1766, by Mr. Fenwick. By Blank. 1st dam by Partner ; 2d dam by Bloody Buttocks ; 3d dam by Greyhound ; 4th dam by Makeless; 5th dam by Brimmer; 6th dam by Place's White Turk ; 7th dam by Dodsworth ; 8th dam Layton Barb mare.
Fazzoletto, Jr., b. c, foaled 1859, imported in his mother's belly, by Mr. Keene Eichards, Scott Co., Ky., by Eng. Faggoletto, dam imp. Emilia by Young Emelius. (See Emilia.)
Fearnought, b. c, foaled 1755, bred by Mr. Warren, and imported into Virginia in March, 1764, by Col. John Baylor. He died in Greenville County, Va., the fall of 1776, aged 21 years. By Eegulus. 1st dam Silvertail by Mr. Heneage's Whitenose ; 2d dam by Eattle ; 3d dam by Darley's Arabian ; 4th dam Old Child mare by Sir T. Grcsley's bay Arabian ; 5th dam Mr. Cook's Vixen by the Helmsley Turk; 6th dam Dodsworth's dam Eoyal mare.
Fellow, ch. c, foaled 1757, imported into Pennsylvania, the exact date not known, or by whom imported. By Cade. 1st dam by Duke of Bolton's Goliah ; 2d dam by Wilkinson's Turk ; 3d dam by Cupid. (See Pick.)
Felt, b. c, foaled 1826, by Langar, bred by Lord Sligo, and im- ported in 1835, by Merritt & Co., of Virginia. 1st dam Steam by Waxy Pope ; 2d dam Miss Stavely by Shuttle ; 3d dam by Drone; 4th dam by Matchem; 5th dam Jocasta by Croft's
LIST OF IMPOETED STALLIONS. 533
Forester ; 6tli dam Milksop by Cade ; 7th dam Miss Partner by Partner; 8tli dam by Makeless; 9tli dam by Brimmer; lOtli dam by Place's White Turk ; 11th dam by Dodsworth ; 12th dam Lay ton Barb mare.
Felt Hoese, ch. c, foaled 1836, imported in New York in 1838, by Felt, before his importation. First dam imported Vaga ; he was foaled in England. (See imported Vaga.)
Fiat, br. c, foaled 18G3, bred by Maj. Green Thompson, imported into Canada 1865. By the Judge. 1st dam by Van Tromp ; 2d dam by Bay Middleton ; 3d dam Nitocris by Whisker ; 4th dam Mauuella by Dick Andrews ; 5th dam Mandane by Pot- 8-o's; 6th dam Young Camilla by Woodpecker; 7th dam Camilla by Trentham; 8th dam Coquette by the Compton Barb ; 9tli dam sister to Eegulus by the Godolphin Arabian ; 10th dam Grey Robinson by the Bald Galloway ; 11th dam by Snake ; 12th dam Old Wilkes by Old Hautboy.
Figure, b. c, foaled 1757, by Grey Figure ; imported by Dr. Ham- ilton in the year 1765. 1st dam Young Mariamne by Crab; 2d dam Mariamne by Partner.
We cannot find this colt. He ran at Annapolis, in 1766, winning a race at four heats ; he ran several other races. We doubt the correctness of the pedigree on the dam's side. There is no Mariamne by Partner, but in vol. 1, page 427, Mariamne foaled 1748, by Lord Portmore's Victorious. We think the following his correct pedigree : 1st dam by Partner ; 2d dam by Eichardson's Merlin ; 3d dam by Makeless ; 4th dam by Burford Bull ; 5th dam by Devonshire Arabian.
Fieebrakd, ch. c, foaled 1802, by Buzzard, bred by the Duke of Grafton, and imported by Gen. John McPherson, of South Carolina. Said to have died on his passage. 1st dam Fanny (sister to King Fergus) by Eclipse ; 2d dam Tuting's Polly by Othello ; 3d dam Fanny by Tartar ; 4th dam by Starling ; 5t]i dam by Childers ; 6th dam Lilliput's dam by Wilkinson's Barb ; 7th dam Mr. Milbank's Bald Peg.
Firetail, b. c, foaled 1795, by Phoenomenon, bred by Mr. Well^urn ; imported by Messrs. Cain & Rea, of Orange County, N. C, in 1801 ; 1st dam Columbine by Espersykes ; 2d dam by Babra- ham Blank ; 3d dam Tipsey by Starling ; 4th dam Switch by Lonsdale Arabian ; 5th dam by Cyprus ; 6th dam Crab's dam by Basto ; 7th dam sister to Mixbury by the Curwen Bay Bai'b ;
534 TUB HOKSE.
8tli dam by Cunven Spot; 9tli dam White-legged Lowther Barb ; 10th dam Old Vintner mare.
Flag of Truce, br. c, by imported Sober John. First dam im- ported Spanish mare Creeping Kate. Ean successfully up to 1767 ; stood that year at Mr. Peter Sinklers, St. Stephen Parish, S. C, at £35.
Flatteree, b. c, foaled 1831, by Muley, bred by Sir M. Wood, and imported in 1835. Stood at Samuel Mim's, Fayetteville, N. C, in 1839. 1st dam Clare by Marmion ; 2d dam Harpalice by Gohanna; 3d dam Amazon by Driver ; 4th dam Fractious by Mercury ; 5th dam by Woodpecker ; 6th dam Everlasting by Eclipse ; 7tli dam Hya?na by Snap ; 8th dam Miss Belsea by Eegulus ; 9th dam by Bartlett's Childers ; 10th dam Honey- wood's Arabian ; 11th dam, dam of the two True Blues.
Flexible, b. c, foaled 1822, by Whalebone, bred by Lord Egre- mont, and imported in 1835, by Merritt & Co., of Virginia. 1st dam Themis by Sorcer ; 2d dam Hanna by Gohanna ; 3d dam Humming-bird by Woodpecker; 4th dam Camilla by Trentham; 5tli dam Coquette by the Compton Barb; 6th dam sister to Eegulus by Godolphin Arabian ; 7th dam Gray Eobinson by Bald Galloway ; 8th dam by Snake ; 9th dam Old Wilkes by Old Hautboy.
Flimnap, b. c, foaled 1765, by South, bred by Sir J. Moore, and imported into South Carolina. 1st dam by Cygnet ; 2d dam by Cartouch ; 3d dam Ebony by Childers ; 4th dam Old Ebony by Basto ; 5th dam Massey mare by Mr. Massey's black Barb.
Floeizel, br. c, by Florizel, imported by Messrs. Eingold & Co. The above horse was said to have been the property of Walter Hillen, Esq., of Georgetown, D. C, and called Hillen's Florizel. We can find the Alfred mare, but no produce, but presume the following is correct, as Fairy Queen had the filly by Alfred in 1778. It is not stated when Florizel was foaled or by whom imported. 1st dam by Alfred; 2d dam Fairy Queen by Young Cade ; 3d dam Eouth's Black-Eyes by Crab ; 4th dam Warlock Galloway by Snake ; 5th dam sister to Carlisle Gelding by the Bald Galloway; 6th dam Wharton mare by Lord Carlisle Turk ; 7th dam by Bald Galloway ; 8th dam by Byerley Turk.
Flt-bt-Night, br. c, foaled 1853, by The Flying Dutchman, bred by M. Bowes, and imported by Col. John L. White, of Pittsyl- vania Court House, Va., in January, 1858. 1st dam The Flap-
LIST OF IMPOETED STALLIONS. 535
per by Touchstone ; 2d clam Mickleton Maid by Velocipede ; 3d dam Maid of Lime by AVhisker ; 4th dam Gibside Fairy by Hermes ; 5th dam Vicissitude by Pipator ; 6tli dam Beatrice by Sir Peter Teazle ; 7th dam Pyrrha by Matchem ; 8th dam Duchess by Whitenose ; 9th dam Miss Slamerkin by Young True Blue; 10th dam by Oxford's Dun Arabian; 11th dam D'Arcy's Black-legged Royal mare.
Fltijstg Childers, ch. c, foaled 18'38; imported by Major Cook, New Jersey, with his dam, by Buskin, son of Tramp ; dam imp. Prunella by Comus. (See imp. Prunella by Comus.)
Fop, g. c, foaled 1832, by Stumps, bred by Mr. Cookes, and im- ported into Tennessee, by L. J. Polk, Esq. 1st dam by Fitz James ; 2d dam by Windle ; 3d dam by Anvil ; 4th dam Virago by Snap; 5th dam by Eegulus; 6tli dam sister to Black-and-all Black by Crab ; 7tli dam Miss Slamerkin by Young True Blue ; 8th dam by Lord Oxford's Dun Arabian ; 9th dam D'Arcy's Blacklegged Eoyal mare.
FoREESTER, — c, foaled , by Magog (son of Matchem). He
stood in Kentucky, 1803. Not down in the Stud Book, First dam by Barry's Forrester.
Frederick, ch. c, foaled 1810, by Selim, bred by Mr. Bell, and im- ported by Mr. Bell in the fall of 1811. 1st dam by Pot-8-o's (the dam of Englishman); 2d dam by Pegasus; 3d dam by Highflyer; 4th dam Small Bones by Justice; 5th dam by Pangloss; 6th dam Riddle by Wolsely Barb; 7th dam Lady Augusta by Spot ; 8th dam by Crab ; 9th dam sister to Partner by Jigg ; 10th dam sister to Mixbury by Curwen's Bay Barb ; 11th dam by Old Spot; 12th dam by White-legged Lowther Barb ; 13th dam Old Vintner mare.
Friar, b. c, foaled 1759, bred by Sir J. Moore, imported into South Carolina, 1766, stood at Mr. Thomas Boone's Pon Pon, and up to 1774 at Beach Hill. By South. 1st dam by Babraham; 2d dam by Golden Ball ; 3d dam Bushey Molly by Hampton Court Childers ; 4th dam Lord Halifax's Bushey Molly by Chestnut Lytton Arabian , 5th dam Lord Halifax's Farmer mare by the Chillaby Barb ; 6th dam Sir W. Ramden's Byerly Turk mare ; 7tli dam by Spanker.
Ftlde, b. c, foaled 1824, by Antonio, bred by Mr. Clifton, and im- ported by Messrs. Avery Merritt and Townes, into Virginia in August, 1832. Fylde got crij^pled in landing from the ship.
536 THE HORSE.
1st dam Fadladinida by Sir Peter Teazle ; 2d dam Fanny by Diomed ; 3d dam Ambrosia by "Woodpecker ; 4th dam Ruth by Blank (sister to Highflyer's dam) ; 5th dam by Regulus ; Gth dam by Soreheels ; 7th dam by Makeless ; 8th dam Christopher D'Arcy's Eoyal mare. Gabeiel, b. e., foaled 1790, by Dorimaut, bred by Mr. Hull, and imported or consigned to Col. Tayloe, of Virginia, in 1799. Died in Virginia, 1800, aged 10 years. 1st dam by Highflyer; 2d dam by Snap; 3d dam by Chalkstone's dam by Shepherd's Crab ; 4th dam Miss Meredith by Cade ; 5th dam Little Hart- ley mare by Bartlett's Childers; Gth dam Flying Whig by Woodstock Arabian ; 7th dam by St. Victor Barb ; 8tli dam by Why-not (son of the Fenwick Barb) ; 9th dam Royal mare.
Genius, b. c, foaled 1753, by Babraham, bred by Mr. Keck; (stood in New York.) 1st dam Aura by the Stamford Turk ; 2d dam by brother to Conqueror ; 3d dam sister to Snip by Childers ; 4th dam sister to Soreheels by Basto ; 5tli dam sister to Mix- bury by the Curwen Bay Barb ; 6tli dam by Curwen Spot ; 7th dam by White-legged Lowther Barb; 8th dam Old Vintner mare.
Gift, b. c, foaled 17G8, by Cadormus, bred by Mr. Lord, and im- ported by Colonel Dangerfield, of Kent county, Va. 1st dam imported Cub mare's dam by Second ; 2d dam by Starling ; 3d dam sister to Vane's Little Partner by Partner ; 4th dam by Greyhound; 5th dam by Makeless; Gth dam by Brimmer; 7th dam by Place's White Turk ; 8th dam by Dodsworth ; 9th dam Layton Barb mare.
Glencoe, ch. c, foaled 1831, by Sultan, bred by Lord Jersey, and imported by James Jackson, of Florence, Ala., in 1836. 1st dam Trampoline by Tramp ; 2d dam Web by Waxy ; 3d dam Penelope by Trumpator ; 4th dam Prunella by Highflyer ; 5tli dam Promise by Snap; Gth dam Julia by Blank; 7th dam Spectator's dam by Partner ; 8th dam Bonny Lass by Bay Bol- ton ; 9th dam by Barley's Arabian ; 10th dam by Byerly Turk; 11th dam by Taffblet Barb; 12th dam by Place's White Turk; 13 th dam Natural Barb mare.
Glenelg, b. c, foaled 186G, bred by Mr. R. W. Cameron, owned by Mr. A. Belmont, New York. By Citadel (son of Stockwell) ; dam Bapta by Kingston (which see).
Glenevis, br. c, foaled in 1866. Bred by Colonel Angerstein, England. Imported by R. W. Cameron, Esq., of Clifton, Staten
LIST OF IMPORTED STALLIOIN^S. 537
Island, in 1866. Got by Oulston, dam Voliicris by Yoltigeur; 2d dam by The Doctor ; 3d dam Gray Araby by Talisman ; 4tli dam Bay Araby by Camel ; 5tli dam Bay Bess by Sultan ; Gth dam by Napoleon, Arabian ; 7th dam by Hippomenes ; 8th dam by Quicksilver; 9tli dam by Doge.
Glengart, br. c, foaled 1866, bred by Mr. Lane, imported by Mr. L. W. Jerome, New York. By Thormanby : dam Carbine by Eifleman; 2d dam Troica by Lanercost; 3d dam Siberia by Brutandorf; 4th dam by Blucher; 5th dam Opal by Sir Peter; 6th dam Olivia by Justice ; 7th dam Cypher by Squirrel ; 8th dam by Kegulus ; 9th dam by Bartlett's Childers ; 10th dam by Honey wood's Arabian ; 11th dam, dam of the two True Blues, a Byerly mare.
Gouty, b. c, foaled 1796, by Sir Peter Teazle, bred by Sir F. Stand- ish, and imported in 1806, by Eobert Eives, of Nelson county, Virginia. 1st dam Yellow mare by Tandem ; 2d dam Perdita by Herod ; 3d dam Fair Forester by Sloe ; 4th dam by For- ester ; 5th dam by Partner ; Gth dam by Croft's Bay Barl^ ; 7th dam by Makeless ; 8th dam by Brimmer ; 9th dam by son of Dodsworth ; 10th dam Burton Barb mare.
Geanby, b. c, foaled 1759, by Blank, bred by Mr. Wildman (also called Marquis of Granby). 1st dam by Crab; 2d dam by Cyprus Arabian ; 3d dam by Commoner; 4th dam by Make- less ; 5th dam by Brimmer ; 6th dam by Dicky Piersou ; 7th dam by Burton Barb mare.
Greyhound, b. c, foaled 1791, by Sweetbriar, bred by Mr. Went- worth. let dam Miss Green by Highflyer; 2d dam Harriet by Matchem ; 3d dam Flora by Eegulus ; 4th dam by Bartlett's Childers; 5th dam by Bay Bolton; 6tli dam by Belgrade Turk.
Hambletoist, b. c, foaled 1791, by Dungannon, bred by Mr. Hutchi- son, and imported by William Lightfoot, of Sandy Point, Va. 1st dam by Snap; 2d dam Young Marske's dam by Blank; 3d dam Bay Starling by Bolton Starling ; 4th dam Miss Meynell by Partner ; 5th dam l)y Greyhound ; 6th dam by Curwen's Bay Barb ; 7th dam by Lord D'Arcy's Arabian ; 8th dam by Whiteshirt ; 9th dam Old Montague mare.
Hampton" Court, b. c, foaled 1864, bred by Mr. Greville ; imported by E. W. Cameron, Esq., New York, By Young Melbourn.
538 THE HORSE.
1st dam Durindana by Orlando, dam of Mantrap, Miss Palmer- ston and Dundee; 2d dam Despatch Ijy Defence (dam of Her- mes, Milo and Konconi) ; 3d dam Nannette (sister to Glancus) by Partizan; 4th dam Nanine by Selim; 5 th dam Bizarre by Peruvian (dam of Scarpa) ; 6th dam Violante by Jolm Bail (dam of Hetman and Finesse) ; 7th dam sister to Skyscraper by Highflyer; 8th dam Everlasting by Eclipse; 9th dam Hysena by Snap; 10th dam Miss Belsea by Eegulns; 11th dam by Bartlett's Childers ; 12th dam by Honeywood's Arabian ; 13th dam the dam of the two True Blues.
Harkforwaed, b. c, foaled in 1840, by Economist, bred by Mr. Ferguson, and imported by Judge Alexander Porter, Oak Lawn, near Franklin, La., in the spring of 1841. 1st dam Harkaway's dam by Nabocklish ; 2d dam Miss Toialeyby Teddy the Grinder; 3d dam Lady Jane by Sir Peter Teazle ; 4th dam Paulina by Florizel ; 5 th dam Captive by Matchem ; 6tli dam Calliope by Slouch ; Ytli dam Lass of the Mill by Oroonoko ; 8th dam by Old Traveler; 9th dam Miss Makeless by Greyhound; 10th dam by Partner ; lltli dam, dam of the Lambton Miss Doe by Woodcock; 12th dam by Croft's Bay Barb; 13th dam Desde- moua's dam by Makeless; 14tli dam by Brimmer; 15th dam by Dicky Pierson; 16tli dam Burton Barb mare.
HarthstCtTON", b. c, foaled 1859, bred by Mr. Eobinson ; imported by E. W. Cameron, Esq., New York. By Voltigeur: dam Countess of Burlington by Touchstone ; 2d dam Lady Emily by Muley Moloch ; 3d dam Caroline by Whisker ; 4th dam Gib- side Fairy by Hermes ; 5th dam Vicissitude by Pipator ; 6th dam Beatrice by Sir Peter ; 7th dam Pyrrha by Matchem ; 8th dam Duchess by Whiten ose; 9th dam Miss Slamerkin by Young True Blue ; 10th dam by Lord Oxford's Dun Arabian ; 11th dam D'Arcy's Black-legged Eoyal mare.
Hector, bL c, foaled 1745, by Lath, bred by Lord Hartington, and imported by Col. Marshall, 1st dam by Childers (sister to Snip) ; 2d dam sister to Soreheels by Basto ; 3d dam sister to Mixbury Galloway by Curwen's Bay Barb ; 4tli dam by Old Spot ; 5th dam by Wliite-legged Lowther Barb ; 6th dam Old Vintner mare.
Hedgeford, br. c, foaled 1825, by Filho da Puta, bred by Mr. Myt- ton. Imported by William Jackson, New York, 1832. Died 1840 in Kentucky. 1st dam Miss Craige by Orville ; 2d dam
LIST OF IMPOETED STALLIOKS. 539
Marcliioness by Lurcher ; 3cl dam Miss Cogden by Phoenome- non; 4th dam by Young Marske; 5th dam by Silvio ; Gtli dam Mr. Hutton's Daphne by Eeguhis ; 7th dam Brandy ISTan by Sedbury; 8th dam by Starling; 9th dam, dam of Hutton's Spot by a son of his Grey Barb; 10th dam by Coneyskins; 11th dam by Hautboy.
Heeald, ch. c, foaled 1839, bred by Col. Wade Hampton, South Carolina. Imported in his mother's belly by English Plenipo- tentiary; dam imp. Delphine by Whisker. (See Delphine.)
Heecules, b. c, foaled 1857, bred by Mr. J. B. Shepherd. Sent to California, 1863. By Kingston. 1st dam daughter of Toscar by Bay Middleton ; 2d dam Malvina by Oscar ; 3d dam Spot- less by W^alton ; 4th dam by Trumpator ; 5th dam by High- flyer; 6th dam Otheothea byOtho; 7th dam by Snap; 8th dam by Eegulus ; 9th dam Wildair's dam by Steady ; 10th dam by Partner; 11th dam by Greyhound; 12th dam Chestnut Layton by Makelees.
Heeo, b. c, foaled 1747, by Blank, the property of the Duke of Bridgewater. First dam by Godolphin Arabian. See E. E. C. for 1762, page — .
Heeod, g. c, foaled 1792, by Young King Herod, and imported into Virginia by Col. Hoomes (it is supposed), and called Hil- ton's Kins Herod. He is not in the Stud Book. He was said to be imported in 1796. 1st dam by Conductor ; 2d dam by Florizel ; 3d dam by Matchem.
Hibiscus, br. c, foaled 1834, by Sultan, bred by Lord Exeter, and imported in 1840, by Mr. Freyer, South Carolina. 1st dam Duchess of York by Waxy; 2d dam Moses' dam by Gohanna; 3d dam Grey Skim by Woodpecker; 4th dam by Herod; 5th dam Young Hag by Skim ; 6th dam Hag by Crab ; 7th dam Ebony by Childers ; 8th dam Ebony by Basto ; 9th dam Massey mare by Mr. Massey's Black Barb.
Highflyer (Cragg's), br.c, foaled 1782, by Highflyer, bred by Lord Egremont. He sired Lee Boo and other good runners. Im- ported 1778 into Virginia. 1st dam Angelica by Snap; 2d dam by Eegulus; 3d dam byBartlett's Childers; 4th dam by Honey- wood's Arabian ; 5th dam the dam of the two True Blues.
Highlander, g. c, foaled 1783, l)y Bordeaux, bred by Mr. Doug- las. Imported into New York 1794. 1st dam Tetotum by Matchem; 2d dam Lady Bolingbroke by Squirrel; 3d dam
540 THE nOESE,
Cypron (Herod's dam) by Blaze ; 4th dam Selima by Bethell's Arabian ; 5tli dam hj Graliam's Champion ; Gth dam hy Bar- ley's Arabian; 7th dam by Merlin. HiLLSBOEOUGH, b. c, foalcd 1858 ; imported with his dam by Mr. A. Keene Richards, Kentucky. By Stockwell; dam imp. mare by Lanercost ; 2d dam The Nun by Catton. (See imp. Laner- cost mare.)
IIOB-OR-sroB, b. c, foaled 1747, by Goliah, run by Mr. Eeynolds. First dam by Bald Galloway. He is not down in the Stnd Book. See English Eacing Calendar, 1754, page 242, for the years 1758 and 1759, for 1758 page 42, for 1759 page 32. It appears in 1758, page IIG, that Mr. Reynolds' Hob-or-Nob was by Babraham.
Honest John, br. c, foaled 1794, by Sir Peter Teazle, bred by Mr. Milbanke, and imported by Dr. James Tate, of Philadelphia, Pa. 1st dam by Magnet (sister to Windlestone); 2d dam by Le Sang ; 3d dam by Rib ; 4th dam Mother Western by Smith's son of Snake ; 5th dam by Montague ; Gth dam by Hautboy ; 7tli dam by Brimmer.
HooTON", b. c, foaled 1840, bred by Mr. Worthington ; imported into United States by . Stood in Kentucky. By Des- pot. 1st dam by Catton; 2d dam Melrose by Pilgarlick; 3d dam by Whisker ; 4th dam by Orville; 5th dam Otterington's dam by Expectation ; Gth dam by Spadille ; 7th dam Grog's dam by Alfred; 8tli dam by Locust; 9fch dam by Changeling; 10th dam by Cade.
Hugh Lupus, b. c, foaled 183G, bred by 'My. Mostyn, and imported to New Orleans, La. By Priam. 1st dam Her Highness by Moses; 2d dam Princess Royal by Castrel; 3d dam Queen of Diamonds by Diamond ; 4th dam by Sir Peter Teazle ; 5th dam Lucy by Florizel ; Gth dam Frenzy by Eclij)se ; 7th dam by Engineer; 8 tli dam by Blank; 9th dam Lass of the Mill by Traveler; lOtli dam Miss Makeless l)y Young Greyhound; 11th dam by Old Partner; 12tli dam Miss Doe's dam by Wood- cock ; 13th dam by Croft's Bay Barb ; 14th dam Desdemona's dam by Makeless; 15tli dam by Brimmer ; IGth dam by Dicky Pierson ; 17th dam Burton Barb mare.
HuEEAH, b. c, foaled 18G2, bred by Rawcliff Stud Co. Imported by John Reber, Esq., Lancaster, Ohio. By Newminster : dam Jovial by Bay Middleton ; 2d dam (sister to Grey Momus) by
LIST OF IMPOETED STALLIOXS. 541
Comus; 3d dam by Cervantes; 4th dam Emma by Don Cos- sack ; 5tli dam Vesta by Delpini ; Gtli dam Faith by Pacolet ; 7th dam Atalanta by Matchem ; 8th dam Lass of the Mill by Oroonoko ; Otli dam by Old Traveler ; 10th dam Miss Makeless by Young Greyhound; lltli dam by Old Partner; 12th dam by Woodcock; 13th dam by Croft's Bay Barb; 14th dam by Makeless; loth dam by Brimmer; IGth dam by Dicky Pierson; 17th dam Burton Bar!) mare.
Iota, b. c, foaled 1854; bred by Mr. J. Milner. Sent to New Orleans, 1850. By Storm or Maroon. 1st dam Beta by Vol- tair ; 2d dam by Eaphael ; 3d dam sister to Eosette by Benning- brougli; 4th dam Eosamond by Tandem; 5th dam Tuberose by Herod; Gtli dam Grey Starling by Starling; 7th dam Coughing Polly by Bartlett's Childers; 8th dam by Counsellor; 9th dam by Snake; 10th dam by Luggs; 11th dam by Davill's Old Woodcock.
Jack Andeews, b. c, foaled 1794, by Joe Andrev/s, bred by Mr. Lord, and imported by William Lightfoot, Sandy Point, Va. 1st dam by Highflyer; 2d dam by Cardinal Puff; 3d dam by Tatler; 4th dam by Snip; 5tli dam by Godolphin Arabian; Gth dam hj Frampton's Whiteneck ; 7th dam by Pelham Barb.
Jack of Diamonds, b. c, foaled , by the Cullen Arabian, bred
by , and imported by Gen. Spotswood, of Virginia. He
was a dark bay horse, with a spot in the shape of a diamond in his face. We cannot find him in the Stud Book. He stood at Solomon Dunn's, in Virginia, 17G3. 1st dam by Darley Ara- bian; 2d dam by Byerly Turk; 3d dam by Taffolet Barb; 4tli dam by Place's White Turk ; 5th dam Natural Barb mare.
Janus, ch. c, foaled 174G, by Old Janus (son of the Godolphin Ara- bian out of the Little Hartley mare), bred by Mr. Sw3^mmer, im- ported into Virginia about the year 1752. He was the property of John Goode, Sr., of Mecklenburgh count}^, Va., who agreed to give £150, Virginia currency, for him, provided he was safely delivered at his stable, in the winter of 1779 or 1780, being in the 34th year of his age. Janus started for the stable of Mr. Goode, as aforesaid, and progressed as far as the stable of Col. Haynes, where he died in 1780. This colt is not laid down in the Stud Book or Pacing Calendar. He was foaled before the issue of either. No doubt a correct pedigree. 1st dam by Fox ; 2d dam by the Bald Galloway.
543 THE nOESE.
John Bull, b. c, foaled 1833, by Chateaux Margaux, purchased by- Mr. Tattersall for Captain E. F. Stockton, and imported in 1834, when a yearhng. We do not doubt this pedigree, but in vol. 3, page 305, of the English Stud Book, this mare has no foal credited for 1833. Her last foal was to Sultan, in 1831, and note at the bottom states that she was sent to Germany. 1st dambyWoful; 2d dam sister to Brandon by Benin gbrough ; 3d dam Miss Tomboy by Highflyer ; 4th dam by Shakespeare ; 5th dam Barbara by Snap; 6th dam Miss Vernon by Cade; 7th dam sister to Sphister by Partner; 8th dam sister to Squirrel's dam by Bloody Buttocks ; 9tli dam by Gre3'hound ; 10th dam by Makeless ; 11th dam by Brimmer; 12th dam by Place's White Turk; 13th dam by Dodsworth ; 14th dam Lay- ton Barb mare.
John" Bull, ch. c, foaled 1789, by Fortitude, bred by Lord Gros-
venor, imported by . 1st dam Xantippe (sister to Don
Quixote) by Eclipse ; 2d dam Grecian Princess by William's Forester ; 3d dam by the Coalition Colt ; 4th dam by Bustard.
Jolly Eogee (in the EngHsli Stud Book, Eoger of the Vale), ch. c,
foaled 1741, bred by Mr. Craddock, imported by . He
died at James Belford's, Greenville county, Va., in 1772, aged 31 years. By Eoundhead. 1st dam sister to Wllkie mare by Croft's Partner ; 2d dam by Woodcock ; 3d dam by Croft's Bay Barb; 4th dam by Makeless ; 5th dam by Brimmer; Gth dam by Dicky Pierson ; 7th dam Burton Barb mare.
Jonah, b. c, foaled 1795, by Escape, bred by Mr. Baker; imported by Gov. James Turner, of North Carolina, who transferred him to Mr. Caleb Bush, about 1803. 1st dam Lavender by Herod; 2d dam by Snap ; od dam Miss Eoan ( Sweet william's dam) by Cade ; 4th dam Madam hj Bloody Buttocks ; 5th dam sister to Matchem's dam by Partner ; 6th dam by Makeless ; 7th dam by Brimmer ; 8th dam by Place's White Turk ; 9th dam by Dodsworth ; 10th dam Laytou Barlj mare.
JoRDON, ch. c, foaled 1833, by Langar, bred by the Duke of Cleve- land, and imported in 18 — , by . 1st dam Matilda by
Comus; 2d dam Julianna by Gob anna; 3d dam Platina by Mercury; 4th dam by Herod ; 5th dam Young Hag by Skim; Gth dam Hag by Crab; 7th dam Ebony by Childers; 8th dam Ebony by Basto ; 9th dam Massey mare by Mr. Massey's Black Barb.
LIST OF IMPORTED STALLIONS. 543
Julius Cj5:sae (Mr. Cross'), bred by Mr. Crofts, foaled 1757. By Young Cade. 1st dam by Snip; 2d dam by Lonsdale Ara- bian.
Junius, bl. c, foaled 1754, by Starling, bred by Mr. Williams ; import- ed in 1759. 1st dam by Crab; 2d dam by Monkey (brother to Mixbury) ; 3d dam by Basto; 4tli dam by Ciirwen's Bay Barb ; 5tli dam by Curwen's Spot ; Gtli dam by Wliite-legged Lowtlier Barb ; 7tli dam Old Vintner mare.
Juniper, b. c, foaled 1752, by Babraliam, bred by Mr. Gorges, and imported by Col. Syme, of Virginia, in 1761. 1st dam Aura by Stamford Turk; 2d dam by brother to Conqueror; 3d dam sister to Snip by Childers; 4th dam sister to Soreheels by Basto ; 5th dam sister to Mixbury Galloway by Curwen's Bay Barb ; 6th dam by Curwen's Spot ; 7th dam by White-legged Lowther Barl) ; 8tli dam Old Vintner mare.
Justice, ch. c, said to have been foaled in 1752, by Regulus, bred by William Manby, of Gloucestershire, England ; imported into Virginia. We find Sweepstakes, but no produce given ; likely a correct pedigree. For pedigree of Sweepstakes, see E. S. B., vol. 1, page 433. He was imported into Virginia, and stood in Prince George county, in 1761. 1st dam Duke of Bolton's Sweepstakes by Oxford's Dun Arabian ; 2d dam by Bay Bolton ; 3d dam by Basto.
Justice, b. c, foaled 1759, by Blank, bred by Lord Bolingbroke. 1st dam Aura by Stamford Turk ; 2d dam by brother to Con- queror ; 3d dam sister to Snip by Childers ; 4th dam sister to Soreheels by Basto ; 5tli dam by the Curwen Bay Barb ; 6th dam by Curwen's Spot ; 7th dam by White-legged Lowther Barb ; 8th dam Old Vintner mare.
Justice, b. c, foaled 1782, bred by Mr. Fenwicke ; imported into South Carolina by Major Butler. By Justice. 1st dam Miss Timms by Matchem ; 2d dam by Squirt ; 3d dam (Lot's dam) by Mogul ; 4th dam Camilla by Bay Bolton ; 5th dam Old Lady by Pullein's chestnut Arabian ; 6th dam by Eockwood ; 7th dam by Bustler.
KiLTON, ch. c, foaled 1831, by Figaro, bred by Mr. Eussel, and im- ported by Thomas H. Perkins, of Boston, Mass., in 1834. The Stud Book states that this colt died a foal. 1st dam by Black- lock ; 2d dam Selina by Delpini ; 3d dam by Beningbrough ; 4th dam by Highflyer ; 5th dam Sincerity by Matchem ; 6tli
544 THE nOESE.
dam Papillon by Snap ; 7tli dam Miss Cleveland by Regulus ; 8th dam Midge by a sou of Bay Bolton ; 9th dam 1)y Bartlett's Childcrs; 10th dam by Honey wood's Arabian; 11th dam, dam of the two True Blues.
KiKG Ernest, b. c, foaled 18G9, bred by Sir L. Newman, imported by Mr. D. D. Withers, New York. By King Tom : dam Ernes- tine by Touchstone ; 2d dam Lady Geraldine by The Colonel ; i 3d dam Nurse by Neptune ; 4th dam Otis by Bustard ; 5th dam by Election ; Gth dam by Highflyer ; 7th dam by Eclipse ; 8th dam Eosebud by Snap ; 9th dam Miss Belsea by Eegulus ; 10th dam by Bartlett's Childers; 11th dam by Honeywood's Ara- bian ; 12th dam the dam of the two True Blues.
King of Ctmry, b. c, foaled 1847, bred by Sir W. W. Wynn ; im- ported and ow^ned by Capt. McKinnon, of Wisconsin. By Touchstone. ] st dam Merganser by Merchant ; 2d dam Shov- eler by Scud ; 3d dam Goosander by Hambletonian ; 4th dam Rally by Trumpator; 5tli dam Fancy, sister to Diomed by Elorizel ; Gth dam by Spectator ; 7th dam by Blank ; 8th dam by Childers; 9th dam Miss Belvoir by Grey Grantham ; 10th dam by Paget Turk ; 11th dam Betty Percival by Leede's Ara- bian ; 12th dam l:)y Spanker.
King Hiram, — c, foaled , by Clay Hall (son of Clay Hall
Marske). We find no produce of Yarieo or Rockingham mare, but presume the pedigree to be correct. 1st dam by Rocking- ham ; 2d dam Yarieo (dam of Little Flyer) by Eclipse ; 3d dam Fidget by Spectator ; 4tli dam Gaudy, sister to Chrysolite by Blank; 5tli dam by Crab; Gth dam by Childers; 7th dam Miss Belvoir by Grey Grantham ; 8th dam by Paget Turk; 9th dam Betty Percival by Leede's Arabian ; 10th dam by Spanker.
King William, b. c, foaled 1777, by Herod, bred by Mr. A. Smith, and imported by Mr. Skinner, of Hartford, Conn. 1st dam Madcap by Snap ; 2d dam Miss Meredith by Cade ; 3d dam Little Hartley mare by Bartlett's Childers; 4th dam Flying Whig, by William's Woodstock Arabian ; 5th dam by St. Vic- tor Barb ; Gth dam by Why-not (son of the Fenwick Barb) ; 7th dam Royal mare.
King William, ch. c, foaled 1781, by Florizel, bred by Mr. Vernon, and imported by Dr. Norris, Chester county, Pa., in 1795. 1st dam Milliner by Match em; 2d dam Cassandra by Blank; 3d dam sister to Snip by Childers; 4tli dam sister to Soreheels by
LIST OF IMPORTED STALLIONS. 545'
Basto ; 5th dam by Curwen's Bay Barb ; Gtli dam by Curwon's Spot ; 7th dam by White-legged Lowther Barb : 8th dam Old Vintner mare.
KxiGHT OF St. George, br, c, foaled 1851, by Irish Birdcatcher, bred by Mr. Disney, and imported by A. Keene Richards, of Scott county, Ky. 1st dam Maltese by Hetmann Platoff ; 2d dam Water Witch by Sir Hercules ; 3d dam Mary Anne by Waxy Pope ; 4th dam Witch by Sorcerer ; 5th dam by Precipitate ; 6th dam Diddler's dam by Highflyer ; 7th dam by Goldlinder ; 8th dam by Lady Bolingbroke by Squirrel ; 9th dam Herod's dam by Blaze ; 10th dam Selima by Bethell's Arabian ; 11th dam by Graham's Champion; 12th dam by Barley's Arabian; 13 th dam by Merlin.
Kkowslet, b. c, foaled 1795, by Sir Peter Teazle, bred by Mr. Walker; imported into Virginia, 1802, by William Lightfoot. 1st dam Capella by Herod ; 2d dam Miss Cape by Regulus ; od dam Blackeyes by Crab ; 4th dam Warlock Galloway by Snake ; 5tli dam sister to Carlisle gelding by Bald Galloway ; Gth dam Wharton mare by Lord Carlisle's Turk ; 7th dam by Bald Galloway ; 8th dam by Bald Galloway.
KouLi KHA]sr, b. c, foaled 1772, by the Vernon Arabian, bred l^y Lord March. 1st dam Rosemary by Blossom ; 2d dam by An- caster Starling ; 3d dam by Grasshopper ; 4th dam by Sir M. Newton's Arabian ; 5tli dam by Old Pert ; Gth dam by St. Martin's ; 7th dam by Sir E. Hale's Turk ; 8th dam the Old Field mare.
Langford, br. c, foaled 1833, by Starch, bred by Mr. Corbin, and imported by Com. Stockton, of New Jersey. 1st dam Peri by Wanderer; 2d dam Thalestris by Alexander; 3d dam Rival by Sir Peter Teazle ; 4th dam Hornet by Drone ; 5th dam Manilla by Goldfinder ; Gth dam Mr. Goodrich's Old England mare ; 7th dam by Cullen's Arabian; 8tli dam Miss Cade by Cade; 9th dam Miss Makeless by a son of Greyhound ; 10th dam by Partner; 11th dam Miss Doe's dam by Woodcock; 12th dam by Croft's Bay Barb ; 13th dam Desdemona's dam by Makeless ; 14th dam by Brimmer ; 15tli dam by Dicky Pierson ; 1 Gth dam Burton Barb mare.
Lapdog, b. c, foaled 1823, by Whalebone, bred by Lord Egremont, and imported hj James Jackson, Alal)ama, in 1835. 1st dam by Canopus ; 2d dam by Young Woodpecker ; 3d dam Frac- VoL. I.— 35
546 THE nOKSE.
tions by Mercury ; 4tli dam by Woodpecker ; 5tli dam Ever- lasting ])y Eclipse ; Gtli dam Hya}na by Snap ; 7th dam Miss Belsea by Eegnlus ; 8th dam by Bartlett's Childers ; 9th dam Honoywood's Arabian ; lOtli dam, dam of the tAvo True Blues.
Lapidist, b. c, foaled 1849, by Touchstone, bred by Col. Peel, and imported by Mr. John Simpson into Canada, in 1858 ; now the property of Philo C. Bush, of New York. 1st dam lo by Tau- rus ; 2d dam Arethissa by Quiz ; 3d dam Persepolis by Alexan- der; 4th dam sister to Tickle Toby by Alfred; 5th dam Caelia by Herod; Ctli dam Proserpine (sister to Eclipse) by Marske; 7th dam Spiletta by Eegulus; 8tli dam Mother AVestern by Smith's son of Snake ; 9th dam by D'Arcy's Old Montague ; 10th dam by Hautboy; 11th dam by Brimmer.
Lath, bred by Mr. Vernon, foaled 1763, by Shepherd's Crab, and imported (it is said) by James Delancey, of New York, in 1768. He could not have been imported that year, as he ran in Eng- land in 1770, at Warwick. Appears in the Stud Book, vol. 1, page 57, as Protector. 1st dam Crazy by Lath; 2d dam by Childers ; 3d dam Basto mare (sister to Soreheels by Basto) ; 4th dam sister to Mixbury Galloway by Curwen Bay Barb; 5th dam by Curwen's Spot; 6tli dam by White-legged Lowther Barb ; 7th dam Old Vintner mare.
Lawtee, The, — c, foaled 1852, bred by Mr. Woffinden; imported into California by William Hood, Esq., 1854. By Flatcatcher. 1st dam Eoyalty (first called Mrs. Wright) by Bay Middleton ; 2d dam Hoyden by Tomboy ; 3d dam Eocbana by Velocipede ; 4th dam Miss Garforth by Walton ; 5tli dam by Hyacinthus ; 6th dam Zara by Delpini ; 7th dam Flora by King Fergus ; 8th dam Atalanta by Matchem ; 9th dam Lass of the Mill by Oroonoko ; 10th dam by Old Traveler ; 11th dam Miss Makeless by Young Greyhound ; 12th dam by Old Partner ; 13th dam by Woodcock ; 14th dam by Croft's Bay Barb ; 15th dam Desde- mona's dam by Makeless ; 16th dam by Brimmer; 17th dam' by Dicky Pierson ; 18th dam Burton Barb mare.
Leamikgton", br. c, foaled 1853 ; bred by Mr. Halford, of England ; imported by E. W. Cameron, Esq., Clifton, Staten Island, N. Y. ; sired by Faugh -a-Ballagh. 1st dam by Pataloon; 2d dam Daphne by Laurel ; 3d dam Maid of Honor by Champion ; 4th dam Etiquette by Orville ; 5th dam Boadecia by Alexander ; 6th dam Brunette by Amaranthus; 7th dam Mayfly by Matchem ; 8th dam by Ancaster Starling ; 9th dam l^y Grass^
LIST OF IMPOKTED STALLIONS. 54?
hopper; 10th clam by Sir M. Newton's Arabian; 11th dam by Pert ; 12th dam by St. Martin's ; 13th dam by Sir E. Hale's Arabian ; 14th dam the Old Field mare.
Leviathak (formerly called Mezereon), ch. c, foaled 1823, bred by Painter, and imported by James Jackson & Co., into Alabama, 1830. By Muley. 1st dam by Windle; 2d dam by Anvil ; 3 dam Virago (Sal tram's dam) by Snap; 4th dam by Regnluf 5th dam sister to Black-and-all-Black by Crab ; 6tli dam Mk Slammerkin by Young True Blue ; 7th dam by Oxford Ara- bian ; 8 th dam Miss D'Arcy's Black-legged Eoyal mare.
Light Ixfantrt, bred by Eichard Gulston, of Clandon, in Surrey, England. We give his pedigree as found in Edgar. By Eclipse (foaled 1779). See E. R. C. for 1783, page 154. let dam by Feather ; 2d dam by Childers ; 3d dam by Partner ; 4th dam by Bloody Buttocks ; 5th dam by Greyhound ; Gth dam by Makeless; 7th dam by Brimmer ; 8th dam by Place's White Turk ; 9th dam Layton Barb mare.
LocHiEL, b. c, foaled 1856, bred by ; imported by E. W.
Cameron, Esq. By Sweetmeat. 1st dam The Mitre by Cowl ; 2d dam Eed Eose by Eubini ; 3d dam Sweetbriar by Sultan ; 4th dam Antiope by Whalebone ; 5th dam Amazon by Driver; 6th dam Fractious by Mercury ; 7th dam by Woodpecker ; 8tli dam Everlasting by Eclipse ; 9th dam Hyania by Snap ; 10th dam Miss Belsea by Eegulus; 11th dam by Bartlett's Childers; 12th dam by Honey wood's Arabian ; 13th dam Byerly marc, dam of the two True Blues.
Lofty (first called Deputy), b. c, foaled 1753, by Godolphin Ara- bian, bred by Mr. Panton. He stood at Thomas Good's, Ches- terfield county, Virginia, in 1762. 1st dam Spinster (the Wid- dington mare) by Partner; 2d dam sister to Squirrel's dam by Bloody Buttocks ; 3d dam by Greyhound ; 4th dam by Make- less; 5th dam by Brimmer; 6th dam by Place's White Turk ; 7th dam by Dodsworth ; 8th dam Layton Barb mare.
Loftt, h., by Snap ; was imported into South Carolina, and stood at Mr. Arthur Middleton's, on Ashley Eiver, in 1772.
LoNGWAiSTE, b. c, foaled 1834, bred by Mr. Nowell ; imported by Capt. W. J. Minor, Mississippi. By Longwaiste : dam by Mu- ley; 2d dam Lady Ern by Stamford; 3d dam by Trumpator; 4th dam Demiremp by Highflyer ; 5th dam Brim by Squirrel ; 6th dam Helen by Blank ; 7th dam by Crab ; 8th dam sister to Partner.
548 THE nOESE.
Lonsdale, b. c, by Jolly Eoger (son of the Gower stallion in Eng- land). We give liis pedigree as found in American Turf Eegis- ter, which states that Lonsdale and his dam were both imported into Virginia. 1st dam by Monkey ; 2d dam Lonsdale's black Arabian ; 3d dam Lonsdale's bay Arabian ; 4tli dam by Coney- skins ; 5tii dam by Dodsworth ; Gtli dam D'Arcy's Royal mare.
LuDFOED, ch. c, foaled 1832, bred by F. R. Price ; imported 1839. By Wamba. Know nothing of him in America. 1st dam Idalia by Peruvian ; 2d dam Musidora by Meteor ; 3d dam Maid of All Work by Highflyer ; 4tb dam by Sj^Dhon ; 5th dam hj Regulus ; Gth dam by Snip ; 7th dam by Cottingham ; Sth dam Warlock Galloway by Snake.
LuECHEE, b. c, foaled 1832, by Greyleg, bred by Mr. Mills ; im- ported by A. J. Davie, Esq., North Carolina. 1st dam Harpa- lice by Gohanna; 2d dam Amazon by Driver; 3d dam Frac- tious by Mercury; 4tli dam by Woodpecker ; 5th dam Ever- lasting by Eclipse ; 6th dam Hyc^na by Snap ; 7tli dam Miss Belsea by Regulus ; 8th dam by Bartlett's Childers ; 9tli dam by Honeywood's Arabian; lOtli dam, dam of the two True Blues.
LuzBOEOTJGH, br. c, foaled 1820, by AVilliamson's Ditto, bred by Mr. Meynell, and imported into Virginia, 1832, by Messrs. Avery, Merritfc & Townes. Died in Georgia, 1840. 1st dam by Dick Andrews ; 2d dam Eleanor by Whiskey ; 3d dam Young Gi- antess (dam of Sorcerer) by Diomed; 4tli dam Giantess by Matchem ; 5tli dam Molly Longlegs by Babraham ; 6th dam by Cole's Foxhunter ; 7th dam by Partner ; 8th dam sister to Roxana by the Bald Galloway ; 9th dam sister to Chanter by Ancaster Turk; lOtli dam by Leede's Arabian ; 11th dam by Spanker.
Ltcltegus, ch. c, foaled 1767 by Blank, bred by the Duke of An- caster. Lycurgus was full brother to the imported mare, Bonny Lass. 1st dam Bonny Lass by Snip ; 2d dam by Lath ; 3d dam by Eastby Snake; 4tli dam Grey Wilkes (sister to Clumsy) by Hautboy.
Magic, ch. c, foaled 1794, by Volunteer, bred by Lord Sackville, and imported by Gov. James Turner, of Warren county, N. C. 1st dam Marcella by Mambrino ; 2d dam Medea by Sweetbriar; 3d dam Angelica by Snap ; 4th dam by Regulus ; 5th dam by Bartlett's Childers; 6th dam by Honeywood's Arabian; 7th dam, dam of the two True Blues.
LIST OF IMPOKTED STALLIOKS. 549
Magn"etic Needle, b. c, foaled 1787, by Magnet; imported from England, December, 1793. This horse stood near Trenton, N. J., in 1794. 1st dam sister to dam of Enphrosjne and Tha- lia by Sweetbriar ; 2d dam Rarity by Matcliem ; 3d dam Snap- dragon by Snap ; 4tli dam by Eegulus ; 5th dam by Bartlett's Childers; 6th dam by Honeywood's Arabian; 7th dam, dam of the two True Blues.
MAGiSrtJM BoisruM, r. c, foaled 1773, by Matchem, bred by Mr. Bethell, and imported by Freeman Kelborn, of Hartford, Conn. 1st dam by Swift; 2d dam by Eegulus; 3d dam Dairy Maid by Bloody Buttocks ; 4th dam Bay Brocklesby by Partner ; 5th dam by Greyhound ; Cth dam by Brocklesby Betty by Cur- Aven's Bay Barb ; 7th dam Leede's Hobby mare by the Lister Turk.
Manfred, b. c, foaled 1796, by Woodpecker, bred by Lord Egre- mont ; imported by Col. John Hoomes, of Virginia, and there died. 1st dam by Mercury (sister to Mother Bunch) ; 2d dam by Highflyer ; 3d dam by Snap ; 4th dam Miss Middleton by Eeg- ulus ; 5th dam Camilla by a son of Bay Bolton ; 6tli dam by Bartlett's Childers; 7th dam by Honeywood's Arabian; 8tli dam, dam of the two True Blues.
Maistgo, br. c, foaled 1834, by Emilius, bred by Mr. Greyille, owned in 1860 by J. & A. Bathgate, Morrisania, !N". Y. 1st dam Mus- tard by Merlin ; 2d dam Morel by Sorcerer ; 3d dam Hornby Lass by Buzzard; 4tli dam Puzzle by Matchem; 5th dam Princess by Herod ; 6th dam Julia by Blank ; 7th dam Spec- tatoi-'s dam by Partner ; 8th dam by Bay Bolton (Bonny Lass) ; 9 th dam by Darley's Arabian ; 10th dam by Byerly Turk ; 11th dam by Taffolet Barb ; 12th dam by Place's White Turk ; 13th dam Natural Barb mare.
Margeave, c. c, foaled 1829, by Muley, bred by Mr. Dilley, and imported in 1835, by Merritt & Co., of Virginia. 1st dam by Election ; 2d dam Fair Helen by Hambletouian ; 3d dam Helen by Delpini ; 4th dam Eosalind by Phenomenon ; 5th dam Atalanta by Matchem ; 6th dam Lass of the Mill by Oroo- noko ; 7th dam by Old Traveler ; 8th dam Miss Makcless by Young Greyhound ; 9th dam by Old Partner ; 10th dam Lamb- ton's Miss Doe's dam by Woodcock; lltli dam by Croft's Bay Barb ; 12th dam Desdemona's dam by Makeless ; 13th dam by Brimmer ; 14th dam by Dicky Pierson ; 15th dam Burton Barb mare.
550 THE HORSE.
Marplot, foaled , by Highflyer, bred by Lord Elington ; im- ported into South CaroHna. 1st dam by Omar; 2d dam by Godolphiu Arabian ; 3d dam Blossom by Crab ; 4th dam bv Childers ; 5tli dam Miss Belvoir by Grey Grantham ; 6th dam by Paget Turk ; 7tli dam Betty Percival by Leedc's Arabian ; 8th dam by Spanker.
Mask, an English horse, by Young Babraham, dam by Old Cade, with a pedigree running to the Curwen Bay Barb, was imiJorted into South Carolina, and stood on the San tee in 1771.
Master Robert, ch. c, foaled 1793, by Star, bred by Col. Hamil- ton. 1st dam by Young Marske ; 2d dam Gentle Kitty's dam by Dorimond ; 3d dam Portia by Regulus ; 4th dam by Spot ; 5th dam by Bay Bolton ; 6th dam by Fox Cub ; 7th dam by Coneyskins; 8th dam by Hutton's Grey Barb; 9th dam by Eoyal Colt; 10th dam by Byerly Turk; 11th dam by Bustler.
Matchem, b. c, foaled 1773, by Matchem, bred by Lord Grosvenor, and imported into South Carolina by Mr. Gibbs. 1st dam Lady by Sweepstakes ; 2d dam, dam of Shuttle and S}^3hon by Patriot ; 3d dam by Crab ; 4th dam sister to Sloven by Bay Bolton; 5tli dam Curwen's Bay Barb ; 6th dam by Sj^ot ; 7th dam by White-legged Lowther Barb; 8th dam Old Vintner mare.
Matchem, — c, foaled , imported into South Carolina by Mr.
Pen wick. By Bosphorus. 1st dam by Villager ; 2d dam by Cullen Arabian ; 3d dam Blackeyes by Eegulus ; 4th dam Routh's Blackeyes by Crab ; 5th dam "Warlock Galloway by Snake ; 6tli dam sister to Carlisle gelding by Bald Galloway ; 7th dam Wharton mare by Lord Carlisle's Turk ; 8th dam by Bald Galloway ; 9th dam by Byerly Turk.
Matchless, b. c, foaled 1754, by Godolphin Arabian, bred by Mr. Panton, and imported into South Carolina. 1st dam by Sore- heels ; 2d dam the dam of Hartley's blind horse by Makeless ; 3d dam Christopher D'Arcy's Eoyal mare.
Medley, g. c, foaled 1776, by Gimcrack, bred by Mr. Medley, and imported into Virginia about 1783 or '4, in the ship Theodor- ick, Capt. McNabb, by Malcolm Hart, and afterwards called Hart's Medley. Medley was sold by Mr. Hart to James Wil- kinson, of Southampton county, Va., and died his property at the Milbrook Plantation, Southampton county, on the Mechanic river, of colic, in 1792. 1st dam Arminda by Snap; 2d dam
LIST OF IMPORTED STALLIOXS. 551
Miss Cleveland by Eegulns ; 3d dam by Midge (by a son of Bay Bolton) ; 4tli dam by Bartlett's Cliilders ; 5tli dam by Honeywood's Arabian ; 6tli dam, dam of the two True Blues.
Mendoza, b. c, foaled 1788, by Javelin, bred by Mr. Broadhurst. 1st dam by Paymaster; 2d dam Pomona by Herod; 3d dam Caroline by Snap ; 4tb dam by Eegulus ; 5tli dam by Hip ; Gtli dam Babraham's dam by Hartley's blind horse ; 7th dam Fly- ing Whig by Williams' Woodstock Arabian ; 8th dam by St. Victor Barb ; 9tli dam by Why-not (son of the Fenwick Barb) ; 10th dam Koyal mare.
Mercek, br. c, foaled 1836, by Emilius, bred by His Majesty, and imported by Capt. E. F. Stockton, New Jersey. 1st dam Young Mouse by Godolphin ; 2d dam Mouse by Sir Richard ; 3d dam Louisa by Ormand; 4th dam Evelina (Orville dam) by Highflyer ; 5th dam Termagant by Tantrum ; 6tli dam Canta- trice by Sampson ; 7th dam by Eegulus ; 8th dam Marske's dam by Blacklegs ; 9th dam by Bay Bolton ; lOtli dam by Fox Cub; 11th dam by Coneyskins; 12th dam by Hutton's Grey Barb ; 13th dam by Hutton's Eoyal Colt ; 14th dam by Byerly Turk; 15th dam by Bustler.
Merman", br. c, foaled 1826, by Whalebone, bred by Mr. Payne, and imported by Merritt & Co. into Virginia, 1835. 1st dam Mermaid by Orville ; 2d dam by Sir Solomon ; 3d dam Miss Brim by Highflyer; 4th dam Brim by Squirrel; 5tli dam Helen by Blank; 6th dam by Crab; 7tli dam sister to Partner by Jigg ; 8th dam sister to Mixbury by Curwen's Bay Barb ; 9tli dam by Old Spot; lOtli dam by White-legged Lowther Barb; 11th dam Old Vintner mare.
Merrtfield, br. c, foaled 1808, by Cockfighter, bred by Mr. Jaques; imported into Virginia in 1816, by Mr. Dunlop, of London, formerly of Petersburgh, Va. 1st dam by Star ; 2d dam by Young Marske ; 3d dam Emma by Telemachus ; 4th dam A la Grecque by Eegulus ; 5th dam by Allworthy ; 6tli dam by Bolton Starling; 7th dam Dairy Maid by Bloody But- tocks ; 8th dam Bay Brocklesby by Partner ; 9th dam Brock- lesby by Greyhound; 10th dam Brocklesby Betty by Curwen's Bay Barb ; 11th dam Leede's Hobby mare by the Lister Turk.
Merry Pintle, g. c, foaled 1752, by Old England. We cannot find this colt. 1st dam by Old Merry Pintle ; 2d dam by Skip Jack ; 3d dam daughter of Hackwood.
552 THE nOESE.
Meket Tom, b. c, foaled 1759, by Regulns, bred by Wm. Parker, Newcastle, England. He stood, in 17G6, in Prince George county, Virginia. 1st dam by Locust; 2d dam by a son of Flying Childers; 3d dam by Croft's Partner; 4th dam by Croft's Bay Barb ; 5th dam by Makeless ; 6tli dam by Brimmer ; 7tli dam by Dicky Pierson ; 8th dam Burton's Barb mare.
Messenger, g. c, foaled 1780, by Mambrino, bred by John Pratt, and died the property of Cornelius W. Van Rantz, of IST-ew York, in 1808, aged 28 years. 1st dam by Turf; 2d dam sister to Figurante by Regulus; 3d dam by Starling; 4th dam Snap's dam by Fox ; 5th dam Gipsey by Bay Bolton ; 6th dam by Duke of Newcastle's Turk ; 7th dam by Byerly Turk ; 8th dam by TafiFolet Barb; 9th dam by Place's White Turk; 10th dam Natural Barb mare.
Meteor, br. c, foaled 18G9 ; imported in his mother's belly by Mr. A. Belmont, 1868. By Adamas : dam imported Beautiful Star by Weatherbit (which see).
Meux, b. c, foaled 1833, bred by Mr. W. Eichardson ; imported into Canada by Mr. William Chapman, 1836. By Young Phantom. 1st dam by Cerberus ; 2d dam Diana by Kill Devil ; 3d dam by Pot-8-o's ; 4th dam Maid of All Work by Highflyer ; 5th dam sister to Tandem by Syphon ; 6th dam by Eegulus ; 7th dam by Snip ; 8th dam by Cottingham ; 9th dam Warlock Galloway by Snake ; 10th dam sister to Carlisle Geld- ing by the Bald Galloway. '
Mexicajst, b. c, foaled 1775, by Snap, bred by Lord Grosvenor. 1st dam Matchem Middleton by Matchem; 2d dam Miss Middleton by Eegulus ; 3d dam Camilla by a son of Bay Bolton ; 4th dam by Bartlett's Childers ; 5 th dam by Honey wood's Ara- bian ; 6th dam, dam of the two True Blues.
Mickey Feee, br. c, foaled 1841, bred by Mr. G. Knox ; imported by Ohio Importing Co. ; owned by A. Keene Eichards, Esq., Scott county, Ky. By Irish Birdcatcher. 1st dam Annie (late Colly) by Wanderer ; 2d dam Caroline by Whalebone ; 3d dam Marianne by Mufti ; 4th dam Maria by Telemachus ; 5tli dam A la Grecque by Eegulus ; 6th dam by Allworthy ; 7tli dam by Bolton Starling; 8tli dam Dairy Maid by Bloody Buttocks; 9th dam Bay Brocklesby by Old Partner ; 10th dam Brocklesby by Greyhound ; lltli dam Brocklesby Betty liy Curwen's Bay Barb ; 12tli dam Mr. Leede's Hobby mare by Lister Turk.
LIST or IMPORTED STALLIOKS. 553
MoLOCK, b. c, foaled 1838 ; imported in his mother's belly by E. H. Boardman, Esq., Alabama. By Muley Molock : dam Tenier's mare, sister to Puss, by Teniers. (See imported Teniers mare.)
MoNAECH, — c, foaled , by "Wentworth's Ancaster. Monarch
was a full brother to Eepublicau. We cannot find him either in Stud Book or Calendar; he stood at Norfolk, Va., in 1795. 1st dam by Old Royal; 2d dam by Chaugeliug; 3d dam by Bethel's Arabian.
Monarch, b. c, foaled 1834, by imported Priam, bred by His Majesty King William IV, at Hampton Court, and imported by Col. Wade Hampton, of South Carolina, in 1835. 1st dam imported Delphine by Whisker ; 2d dam My Lady by Comus ; 3d dam the Colonel's dam by Delpini ; 4th dam Tipple Cyder by King Fergus ; 5th dam Sylvia by Youug Marske ; 6th dam Ferret by a brother to Silvio ; 7th dam by Eegulus ; 8th dam by Lord Morton's Arabian ; 9th dam by Mixbury ; 10th dam by Mulso Bay Barb; 11th dam by Bay Bolton; 12th dam by Coneyskins ; 13th dam by Hutton's Grey Barb ; 14th dam by Byerly Turk; 15th dam by Bustler.
MoKKEY (Lord Lonsdale's), foaled 1725 by Lord Lonsdale's Bay Arabian, and imported by Nathaniel Harrison, of Brandon, Va., at 22 years of age, in 1747; he died in 1754. 1st dam by Cur- wen's Bay Barb ; 2d dam by Byerly Turk ; 3d dam an Arabian mare.
MoRDECAi, b. c, foaled 1833, by Lottery, bred by Sir E. W. Bulke- ley; imported into Tennessee. 1st dam Miss Thomasina by Welbeck; 2d dam Thomasina by Tomboy; 3d dam Violet by Shark ; 4th dam by Syphon ; 5th dam Charlotte by Blank ; 6th dam by Crab; 7th dam by Dyer's Dimple; 8tli dam by Why-not ; 9th dam Eoyal mare.
MoRO, — c, foaled about 1759; imported into South Carolina and owned in 17G9 by Mr. Henry Drayton. By Moro (son of the Bolton Starling). 1st dam by Eegulus ; 2d dam by Eib ; 3d dam by Partner; 4th dam by Greyhound; 5th dam by Cur- wen's Bay Barb.
MoRWiCK Ball, ch. c, foaled 1762, by Eegulus, bred by Mr. Ve vers, and imported into Virginia. 1st dam by Traveler ; 2d dam by Hartley's blind horse.
MoRVEi<r, ch. c, foaled 1836, by imported Eowton, bred by His Majesty, and imported by Capt. E. F. Stockton, of New Jersey.
554 THE HOKSE.
1st dam Nanine (dam of Glaucus) by Selim; 2d dam Bizarre by Peruyian ; 3d dam Violante by John Bull ; 4th dam sister to Skyscraper by Highflyer; 5th dam Everlasting by Eclipse; Gtli dam Hyena by Snap ; 7tli dam Miss Belsea by Eegulus ; 8tli dam by Bartlett's Childers ; 9th dam by Honeywood's Ara- bian ; 10th dam, dam of the two True Blues.
Mosco, br. c, foaled 1746, by Cullen's Arabian, bred by Mr. Wil- liams. 1st dam by Starling; 2d dam by Partner ; 3d dam by Makeless; 4th dam by Brimmer; 5th dam by Place's White Turk ; 6th dam by Dodsworth ; 7th dam Lay ton Barb mare.
Mousetrap, b. c, foaled 1771, by Careless, ran by Mr. Wentworth. He was imported into Virginia about 1778 by Capt. Belcher, and sold by him to Col. John Dawson, of Scotland Neck, Hali- fax county, N. C. (See English Eacing Calender for 1777, page 166.) 1st dam by Eegulus; 2d dam by Liberty; 3d dam by Cade.
Mousetrap (Jack Eapp), cli. c, foaled 1787, by Young Marske, bred by Mr. Hutton, and imported into Virginia. 1st dam Gentle Kitty by Silvio ; 2d dam by Dorimond ; 3d dam Portia by Eegulus ; 4th dam by Hutton's Spot ; 5th dam by Fox Cub ; 6th dam by Bay Bolton; 7tli dam by Coneyskins; 8th dam Hutton's Grey Barb ; 9tli dam by Byerly Turk.
Mufti, b. c, foaled 1783, by Fitz Herod, bred by Mr. Mann, and imported by Col. John Tayloe, of Virginia, in 1801. 1st dam by Infant ; 2d dam by Whittiugton ; 3d dam sister to Black- and-all-Black by Crab; 4tli dam Miss Slamerkin by Young True Blue ; 5th dam by Lord Oxford's Dun Arabian ; 6tli dam D'Arcy's Eoyal mare.
ISTative, ch. c, foaled 1836; imported in his mother's belly, by Capt. W. J. Minor, Mississippi. By The Saddler : dam imji. JS'ovelty by Blacklock. (See imp. Novelty.)
Nicholas, colt, foaled 1835 ; imported witli his dam by Mr. E. D. Shepherd, Virginia. By Eng. St. Nicholas: dam imp. Miss Eose by Tramp. (See imp. Miss Eose.)
NiMROD, b. c, foaled , by King Fergus, bred by Edward Thom- son, of Yorkshire, England, and imported by Dr. James Tate, of PhiladeliDhia, in 1788. We cannot find this colt in English Stud Book. 1st dam by Eclipse ; 2d dam by Markse ; 3d dam by Fortitude ; 4th dam by Matchem.
LIST OF IMPORTED STALLIOKS. 555
Noble, — c, bred in South Carolina ; by imported Brutus. lie ran successfully up to 1767. There was prior to the late civil war a tankard in possession of the Matthews family, won by him. 1st dam imp. by Squirt; 2d dam by Starling; 3d dam by Bethel's Arabian ; 4tli dam by Champion ; 5th dam by Darley's Arabian.
Nonpareil, imiDorted into South Carolina, 17G2; was quite a famous horse. Stood, the year of his importation, at Mr. Dan- iel Huger's, St. John's Parish, at £20.
NoiSTPLUS, b. c, foaled 1824, by Catton, bred by Mr. W. Armitage, and imported by Col. Singleton into Charleston, S. C, in 1834. He died in Lexington, Ky., in 1843. 1st dam Miss Grarfortli by Walton ; 2d dam by Hyacintlius ; 3d dam Zara by Delpini ; 4th dam Flora by King Fergus; 5th dam Atlanta byMatchem; 6th dam Lass of the Mill by Oroonoko; 7th dam by Old Traveler; 8th dam Miss Makeless by Young Gre3'hound; 9th dam by Old Partner ; 10th dam Miss Doe's dam by Wood- cock ; 11th dam by Croft's Bay Barb; 12th dam Desdemona's dam by Makeless ; 13tli dam by Brimmer ; 14tli dam by Dicky Pierson ; loth dam Burton Barb mare.
North Brittox, br. c, foaled , by Alcock's Arabian; imported
into Virginia by James Baird, of Greencroft, near Petersburgh. We cannot find this colt in English Stud Book. 1st dam by Northumberland Arabian ; 2d dam by Hartley's blind horse.
North Star, b. c, foaled in 17G8, by Matchem, bred by Sir J. Pen- nyman. 1st dam Lass of the Mill by Oroonoko ; 2d dam by Traveler ; 3d dam Miss Makeless by Young Greyhound ; 4th dam sister to Wilkie's mare by Partner ; 5tli dam Miss Doe's dam by Woodcock ; 6th dam by Croft's Bay Barb ; 7th dam Desdemona's dam by Makeless; 8th dam by Brimmer; 0th dam by Dicky Pierson ; lOtli dam Burton Barb mare.
Northumberland, gi*. c, foaled 17 — , by Bustard, bred by Lord Mazarine, and imported with his full sister. Lady Northumber- land, into America (it is said) by a Mr. Crow. He is not in English Stud Book. He stood in Philadelphia in 1768, and ran there in 1767, and Avas defeated by Mr. Galloway's Selim. 1st dam by Crab ; 2d dam by Babraham.
OBEROif, b. c, foaled (it is said) 1805, by Oberon. We see that Sweepstakes' mare produced the dam of Oberon, but no foals of this mare are given ; we think the following correct. 1st
556 THE nOESE.
dam by Rantlios; 2cl clam by Turner Sweepstakes; 3d dam sister to Hntton's Careless by Regulus ; 4tli dam Silvertail by Heneage's Whitenose ; 5th dam by Eattlc ; Cth dam by Dar- ley's Arabian ; 7tli dam Old Child mare by Sir T. Gresley's Bay Arabian; 8tli dam Mr. Cook's Vixen by the Helmsley Turk; 9th dam Dodsworth dam (Eoyal mare). Obscueity, ch. c, foaled 1777, by Eclipse, ran by Lord Milford, and imported into Virginia in 1784. 1st dam by Careless ; 2d dam by Cullen Arabian ; 3d dam by North Country Diamond ; 4th dam by Sir J. Harpier's Barb ; 5th dam Old Child mare by Sir T. Gresley's Bay Arabian ; Gth dam Mr. Cook's Vixen by the Helmsley Turk ; 7th dam Eoyal mare dam of Dodsworth.
O'Kelly, -^ c, foaled 1794, by Anvil, bred by , and believed
to have been imported by Col. John Tayloe, of Virginia. We find no j)roduce of the Eclipse mare ; balance of j)edigree cor- rect, and presume it is all so. 1st dam by Eclipse ; 3d dam sister to Aurelius by Blank ; 3d dam Bay Snip by Snip ; 4th dam by Godolphin Arabian ; 5tli dam Frampton's Whiteneck by Curwen's Bay Barb ; 6th dam by Old Spot; 7th dam by White-legged Lowther Barb ; 8th dam Old Vintner mare.
Old England, b. c, foaled , by . We cannot find this
colt. He ran with Selim and Northumberland at Philadelphia, in October, 17G7. (See American Turf Eegister, vol. 1, page 17.)
Onus, br. c, foaled 1834, by Camel, bred by Mr. Wright ; imported by Col. Chas. Oakley, Illinois. 1st dam The Etching by Eu- bens ; 2d dam Lamas by Gohanna ; 3d dam sister to Chester by Sir Peter Teazle; 4th dam by Woodpecker ; 5th dam by Sweetbriar ; Gth dam (Buzzard's dam) Misfortune by Dux ; 7th dam Curiosity by Snap ; 8th dam by Eegulus ; 9th dam by Bartlett's Childers ; 10th dam by Honeywood's Arabian ; 11th dam, dam of the two True Blues.
Oeoonoko, bl. c, foaled 1745, by Crab, bred by Lord Portmore, and imported into South Carolina. 1st dam Miss Slamerkin by Young True Blue ; 2d dam by Lord Oxford's Dun Arabian ; 3d dam D'Arcy's Black-legged Eoyal mare.
OSCAE, ch. c, foaled , by Young Snip. We cannot find this
colt. He stood in Cumberland county, Va,, in 1777. 1st dam by Lord Morton's Arabian ; 2d dam by Crab ; 3d dam by Bald Galloway ; 4th dam by Darley's Arabian ; 5th dam Bay Bol-
LIST OF IMPOETED STALLIONS. 557
ton's dam by Makc4ess; Gtli dam by Brimmer; 7tli dam by Diamond; 8th dam sister to the dam of Merhn.
Oscar, br. c, foaled 1795, by Saltram, bred by Mr. Turner, and im- ported by William Lightfoot, of Sandy Point, Virginia. 1st dam by Highflyer ; 2d dam by Herod ; 3d dam Miss Middleton by Eegulus ; 4th dam Camilla by a son of Bay Bolton ; 5tli dam by Bartlett's Childers; 6th dam by Honeywood's Arabian; 7th dam the dam of the two True Blues.
Othello, or Black-and- all-Black, bl. c, foaled 1743, by Crab, bred by Mr. Parston, and imported by Gov. Sharpe, of Mary- land. Died 1767. 1st dam Miss Slamerkin by Young True Blue ; 2d dam by Lord Oxford's Dun Arabian; 3d dam D'Arcy's Black-legged Eoyal mare.
Pacolet, — c, foaled , by Sparke, bred by Mr. ; im- ported, it is believed, by Col. Hopper, of Maryland. We cannot find this colt. 1st dam imp. Queen Mab by Musgrove's Grey Arabian; 2d dam by Hampton Court Childers; 3d dam by Gov. Harrison's Arabian ; 4th dam by Chestnut Arabian; 5th dam by Leedes ; 6th dam, dam of Crofts' Greyhound.
Pam, c, bred by Mr. Ward, foaled 1757 ; imported into South Caro- lina 1764, by Mr. Fenwicke. By Eegulus. 1st dam by Cade; 2d dam by Sedbury ; 3d dam by Scarborough colt; 4th dam by D'Arcy's Woodcock ; 5tli dam by Blackatop ; 6th dam by Old Smithson ; 7tli dam by Brimmer ; 8th dam by Hautboy.
Pantaloon, b. c, foaled 1778, by Herod, bred by Mr. Fenwicke, and imported into Virginia. 1st dam Nutcracker by Matchem ; 2d dam Miss Starling by Starling ; 3d dam by Partner ; 4th dam by Croft's Bay Barb ; 5th dam by Makeless ; 6th dam by Dicky Pierson ; 7th dam Burton Barb mare.
Partner (Moore's), b. c, foaled , by Partner, bred by the Duke
of Bolton; imported 1766, and stood at Wyllie Jones', North- ampton county, N. C, on the Eoanoke river. 1st dam sister to Starling by Bay Bolton ; 2d dam by a son of the Brownlow Turk ; 3d dam Old Lady by the Pullein Chestnut Arabian ; 4th dam by Eockwood ; 5th dam by Bustler.
Partner, b. c, foaled , by Crofts' Partner, bred by Eichard
Crofts, of Eaby, Yorkshire, England. Y^e fmd no foal by Part- ner out of a Godolphin Arabian mare, in the Stud Book. 1st dam by Godolphin Arabian; 2d dam by Fox; 3d dam by
558- THE nORSE.
Childers ; 4th dam by Makelcss ; 5tli dam by Taffolet Barb ; Gth dam Natural Barb mare.
Passaic, cli. c, foaled 183G, bred by His Majesty at Hampton Court; imported by Com. E. F. Stockton, New Jersey. By Eeveller. 1st dam Eacliel by Whalebone; 2d dam (Moses' dam) by Go- hauna; 3d dam Grey Sldni by Woodpecker ; 4th dam (Silver's dam) by Herod ; 5tli dam Young Hag by Skim ; Gth dam Hag by Crab ; 7th dam Ebony by Childers ; 8tli dam Old Ebony by Basto ; 9th dam Massey mare by ]Mr. Massey's Black Barb.
Passenger, br. c, foaled 183G ; imported by Mr. Corbin, Virginia, with his dam. By Eng. Laugar : dam imp. My Lady by Comus. He died 1841.
Paymaster, b. c, foaled 1791, by Paymaster, bred by Lord Ossory, and imported by Dr. Norris, of Chester county. Pa. We find the Herod mare in the following pedigree, but she had no foal by Otho which is reported. 1st dam by Otho ; 2d dam by Herod ; 3d dam by Northumberland Arabian ; 4t]i dam by Starling ; 5tli dam Miss Mayes by Bartlett's Childers ; 6th dam by Counsellor ; 7th dam by Snake ; 8th dam by Luggs ; 9th dam by Davill's Woodcock.
Paymaster, b. c, foaled , imported by Dr. Eylander, of New
York. By Homer (son of Old Paymaster). Cannot be found in English Stud Book. 1st dam by Snake ; 2d dam by Trav- eller,
Phaetok, b. c, foaled 1865, bred by Mr. J. Johnstone ; imported by Mr. Eichard Tenbroeck, Jefferson county, Ky. By King Tom: dam Merry Sunshine by Storm; 2d dam by Falstaff ; 3d dam sister to Pompey by Emilius ; 4th dam Variation by Bus- tard ; 5th dam Johanna Southcote by Beningbrough ; Gth dam Lavinia by Pijoator ; 7th dam by Highflyer ; 8tli dam by Cardinal PuflF; 9th dam byTatler; 10th dam by Snip ; 11th dam by Godolphin Arabian ; 12th dam by Frampton's White- neck ; 13th dam by Pelham Barb.
Pharaoh, b. c, foaled 1753, by Moses, bred by Lord Gower, and imported into South Carolina. 1st dam by Godolphin Ara- bian ; 2d dam by a brother to Mixbury ; 3d dam by Smockface ; 4tli dam by Snail ; 5th dam liy Burford Bull ; Gth dam Mr. Wilkinson's mare.
PHEN"OME]sroN", ch. c, foaled 1780, by Herod, bred by Sir J. Kavo, and imported in 1803, and died immediately after landing. He
LIST OF IMPORTED STALLIONS. 559
was the sire of imported Kestless and Wonder. 1st dam Frenzy by Eclipse ; 2d dam by Engineer ; 3d dam by Blank ; 4th dam Lass of the Mill by Traveler ; 5th dam Miss Makeless by a son of Greyhound ; 6th dam by Partner ; 7th dam Miss Doe's dam by Woodcock ; 8th dam by Croft's Bay Barb ; 9th dam Desdemona's dam by Makeless ; 10th dam Old Thornton by Brimmer ; 11th dam by Dicky Pierson ; 12th dam Burton Barb mare. Phil Beown", ch. c, foaled 1837, bred by Dr. A. T. B. Merritt, Vir- ginia ; imported in his mother's belly. By Glaucus : dam imp. Bustle by Whalebone (which see).
Philip, br. c, foaled 1828, by Filho da Puta, bred by Houldsworth ; imported into Tennessee. 1st dam Treasure by Camillus ; 2d dam by Hyacinthus ; 3d dam Flora by King Fergus ; 4th dam Atalanta by Matchem ; 5th dam Lass of the Mill by Oroonoko ; Gth dam by Old Traveler ; 7th dam Miss Makeless by Young Greyhound ; 8th dam by Old Partner ; 9th dam Miss Doe's dam by Woodcock ; 10th dam by Croft's Bay Barb ; 11th dam Des- demona's dam by Makeless ; 12th dam by Brimmer ; 13th dam by Dicky Pierson ; 14th dam Burton Barb mare.
Phcenix, ch. c, foaled 1798, by Dragon, bred by Mr. Biggs, and im- ported by Thomas B. Hill, of Halifax county, N. C. Died 1819, aged 21 years. 1st dam Portia by Volunteer ; 2d dam sister to Florizel by Herod ; 3d dam by Cygnet ; 4th dam by Cartouch ; 5th dam Ebony by Childers ; 6tli dam Ebony by Basto ; 7th dam the Massey mare.
Play or Pay (first called Mars,) b. c, foaled 1791, by Ulysses, bred by Mr. Parker ; the property of Caleb Boush, Princess Anne county, Va. ; imported by Col. Hoomes. 1st dam by Herod ; 2d dam by Eegulus ; 3d dam by Eib (Eoyal George's dam) ; 4th dam by Snake ; 5th dam by Coneyskins ; Gth dam by Hut- ton's Barb ; 7th dam by Marshall's Turk ; 8th dam by Place's White Turk.
PoRTLAXD, ch. c, foaled 1834, by Recovery, bred by Mr. R. Turner; imported into South Carolma. 1st dam Caifacaradaddera by Walton ; 2d dam by Pipator ; 3d dam by Delpini ; 4th dam Tuberose by Herod ; 5th dam Grey Starlmg by Starling ; Gth dam Coughing Polly by Bartlett's Childers ; 7th dam by Coun- sellor ; 8th dam by Snake ; 9th dam by Luggs ; 10th dam by Davill's Old Woodcock.
560 THE HORSE.
Porto, b. c, foaled , by Herod, bred by Marquis of Rocking- ham. We cannot find any produce from the Snap mare, but find the pedigree correct from Latham's Snap dam back. 1st dam by Snap ; 2d dam LatJiam's Snap dam by Cade ; 3d dam by Partner; 4th dam by Makeless; 5th dam by Brimmer; 6th dam by Place's White Turk; 7tli dam by Dodsworth ; 8th dam Layton Barb mare.
Prerogative, — c, foaled , by Trumpator, imported into
America from Jamaica. First dam by Changeling. We can- not find this colt.
Precipitate, ch. c, foaled 1787, by Mercury, bred by Lord Egre- mont, and imported into Virginia by William Liglitfoot, in 1803. 1st dam by Herod ; 2d dam Maiden by Matchem ; 3d dam by Squirt ; 4th dam by Mogul ; 5tli dam by Bay Bolton ; 0th dam by Pullein's chestnut Arabian ; 7th dam by Eockwood ; 8th dam by Bustler.
Priam., b. c, foaled 1827, by Emilius, bred by W. Chifney, and im- ported in 1837, by Messrs. Merritt, of Virginia. 1st dam Cres- sida (sister to Eleanor) by Whisky; 2d dam Young Giantess by Diomed ; 3d dam Giantess by Matchem ; 4th dam Molly Long-Legs by Babraham ; 5th dam by Cole's Fox Hunter ; 6th dam sister to Cato by Partner; 7th dam sister to Roxana by Bald Galloway ; 8th dam sister to Chanter by Ancaster Turk ; 9th dam by Leedes' Arabian; 10th dam by Spanker.
Prixce, b. c, foaled 1773, by Herod, bred by Lord Farnham ; im- ported, it is said, into South Carolina. 1st dam Helen by Blank ; 2d dam by Crab ; 3d dam sister to Partner by Jigg ; 4th dam sister to Mixbury by Curwen's Bay Barb; 5tli dam by Old Spot ; 6th dam by White-legged Lowther Barb ; 7th dam Old Vintner mare.
Prince Ferdikakd, — c, foaled , by Herod. 1st dam by
Matchem ; 2d dam Old Squirt by Squirt ; 3d dam Lot's dam by Mogul ; 4th dam Camilla by Bay Bolton ; 5th dam Old Lady by Pullein's Chestnut Arabian ; 6th dam by Rockwood ; 7th dam by Bustler.
Prince Frederick, foaled 1792, by Fortunio; imported by Ed- ward Davis, of Boston, Mass., in 1798. He is not to be found in the Stud Book. He appears in the Racing Calendar of 1795, '96, etc. ; ran with success under the name of Frederick. 1st dam by Lexicon ; 2d dam l^y Sportsman.
LIST OF IMPOETED STALLIOISTS. 561
PuKCH, — c, foaled , by Herod ; tlie property of Sir John
Lade; imported into Philadelphia in 1799 by "Wm. Powers. 1st dam by Marske ; 2d dam by Cullen Arabian ; 3d dam Blackeyes by Eegulus ; 4tli dam Eolith's Blackeyes by Crab; 5th dam Warlock Galloway by Snake ; Gth dam sister to Carl- isle Gelding by the Bald Galloway ; 7tli dam Wharton mare by Carlisle Turk ; 8th dam by Bald Galloway ; 9tli dam by Byerly Turk.
Puzzle, b. c., foaled 1831, by Eeveller, bred by Mr. W. E. PhiUi- more; imported by A, J. Davie, North Carolina. 1st dam by Juniper ; 2d dam Trimbush by Teddy the Grinder ; 3d dam Princess by Sir Peter Teazle ; 4tli dam by Dungannon ; 5th dam by Turf ; 6th dam by Herod ; 7th dam Golden Grove by Blank ; 8th dam Spinster by Partner ; 9th dam sister to Squirrel's dam by Bloody Buttocks ; 10th dam by Greyhound ; 11th dam by Makeless ; 12th dam by Brimmer ; 13th dam by Place's White Turk ; 14th dam by Dodsworth ; 15th dam Lay- ton Barl) mare.
Eangek, b. c, foaled , by Martindale's Eegulus; bred by
Thomas Hutcheson, of Smeaton, Yorkshire, and imported by Dr. Thomas Hamilton, of Prince George's county, Md. 1st dam by Merry Andrevr ; 2d dam by Steady ; 3d dam by Croft's Partner; 4th dam by Greyhound ; 5th dam by Makeless; 6th dam by Counsellor ; 7th dam by Brimmer ; 8th dam by Place's White Turk.
Eanter, b. c, foaled 1755, by Dimple, bred by ; imported by
William S. Wadman, in 1762. We cannot find this colt. He stood in Stafford county, Va., in 1763. 1st dam by Crab ; 2d dam by Bloody Buttocks.
Eegulus (Burwell's), b. c, foaled 1747, by Eegulus, bred by Mr. Blake, and the property of Col. Lewis Burwell, of Stoneland, Mecklenburgh county, Va. 1st dam by Partner ; 2d dam by Cupid ; 3d dam by Hautboy ; 4tli dam by Bustler.
Eegulus (Dunmore's) by the Godolphin Arabian, and supposed to have been imported by Lord Dunmore from England. First dam unknown. Cannot find this colt in the Stud Book.
Eemus, — c, foaled , by the imported Dove. We cannot find
this colt, and doubt his pedigree from the way it is given. Betty Leedes was the dam of Plying Childers. 1st dam by Spanker ; 2d dam by Plying Childers ; 3d dam Betty Leedes by Vol. 1—36
563 THE HORSE.
Careless ; 4th dam sister to Leedes by Leedes Arabian ; 5th dam Spanker's dam by D'Arcy's Yellow Turk; Gth dam by Lord Fairfax's Morocco Barb ; 7th dam Bald Peg by an Ara- bian ; 8tli dam Natural Barb mare.
Republican, ch. c, foaled , by Wentworth Ancaster, bred by
Sir Clement Cotterell, and imported by Charles Young, of Nor- folk, Va. Cannot find this colt. 1st dam by Old Eoyal ; 2d dam by Changeling ; 3d dam by Bethell's Arabian.
Eestless, b. c, foaled 1788, by Phoenomenon, bred by Lord A. Hamilton, and imported into Virginia by Mr. Lightfoot. Eest- less is said to have ran four miles, at York, in 1793, in 7:30-27. 1st dam Duchess by Le Sang ; 2d dam Calliope by Slouch ; 3d dam Lass of the Mill by Oroonoko ; 4th dam by Traveler ; 5th dam Miss Makeless by Young Greyhound ; 6th dam by Partner ; 7th dam Miss Doe's dam by Woodcock ; 8th dam by Croft's Bay Barl) ; 9th dam Desdemona's dam by Makeless ; 10th dam Old Thornton by Brimmer ; 11th dam by Dicky Pier- son ; 12th dam Burton Barb mare.
Eevekge, b. c, foaled 1791, bred by ; imported and stood
in Maryland ; he cannot be found in English Stud Book. By Archelaus. 1st dam Lively Lass by Old Pagan ; 2d dam by Blank ; 3d dam by Doge.
EiCHARD, b. c, foaled 1818, by Orville, bred by Lord Jersey, and imported by 0. W. Many, of Massachusetts. 1st dam Miss Sophia (Master Henry's dam) by Stamford ; 2d dam Sophia by Buzzard; 3d dam Huncamunca by Highflyer; 4th dam Cj'pher by Squirrel ; 5th dam Fribble's dam by Eegulus ; 6th dam by Bartlett's Childers; 7tli dam by Hone}^ood's Arabian; 8th dam, dam of the two True Blues.
EiDDLESWOETH, ch. c, foaled 1828, by Emihus, bred by Lord Jer- sey, and imported in 1839 by Dr. J. C. Nott, of Alabama. He died at J. L. Bradley's, Lexington, Ky., in 1843. 1st dam Fil- agree by Soothsayer; 2d dam Web by Waxy; 3d dam Penel- ope by Trumpator ; 4tli dam Prunella by Highflyer ; 5th dam Promise by Snap ; 6th dam Julia by Blank ; 7th dam Sjoecta- tor's dam by Partner ; 8tli dam Bonnie Lass by Bay Bolton ; 9th dam by Darley Arabian ; 10th dam by Byerly Turk ; 11th dam Tafi'olet Barb; 12th dam by Place's White Turk; 13th dam Natural Barb mare.
LIST OF IMPOETED STALLIONS. 563
RoBiK RsDBREAST, b. c, foaled 1796, by Sir Peter Teazle, bred by- Mr. Lockley, and imported, it is said, by Col. Tayloe, of Vir- ginia, in 1800. 1st dam Wren by Woodpecker ; 2d dam Papil- lon (Sir Peter Teazle's dam) by Snap ; 3d dam Miss Cleveland by Regulns ; 4tli dam Midge by a son of Bay Bolton ; 5th dam by Bartlett's Cliilders ; 6tli dam by Honey wood's Arabian; 7th dam, dam of the two Trnc Blues.
EoDERiCK Dhu, br. c, foaled 1807, by Sir Peter Teazle, bred by Mr. Clifton, said to have been imported into New York. 1st dam by Young Marske ; 2d dam by Matchem ; 3d dam l^y Tarquin ; 4th dam Antelope's sister by Young Belgrade; 5th dam by Scarborough colt; 6th dam by Bartlett's Childers ; 7th dam by Devonshire Turk; 8th dam by Curwen Barb; 9th dam by Old Spot; 10th dam by Woodcock.
Rodney, b. c, foaled 1790, bred by Lord Lincoln; imported and stood in Maryland. By Paymaster. 1st dam Nina by High- flyer ; 2d dam by Snap (sister to Gnawpost) ; 3d dam Miss Cranbourne by Godolphin Arabian ; 4th dam Miss Western by Sedbury ; 5th dam Mother Western by Smith's son of Snake ; 6tli dam by Montague; 7th dam by Hautboy; 8th dam by Brimmer.
RoDOLPH, br, c, foaled 1828, bred by John Scott. Shipped from England, 1833 ; died on the passage. By Der Frieschutz. 1st dam Frailty by Filho da Puta ; 2d dam Agatha by Orville ; 3d dam by Star ; 4th dam by Young Marske.
Roman, b. c, foaled 1815, by Camillus, bred by Mr. Riddell, and imported into Boston or New York, in March, 1823, by F. B. Ogden. 1st dam Leon Forte by Eagle ; 2d dam Tamborine by Trumpator ; 3d dam Crane by Highflyer ; 4th dam Middlesex by Snap; 5th dam Miss Cleveland byRegulus; 6tli dam Midge by a son of Bay Bolton ; 7th dam by Bartlett's Childers ; 8th dam by Honey wood's Arabian ; 9th dam, dam of the two True Blues.
Roscius, br. c, foaled 1841, bred by Mr. Jipson; imported into Missouri, 1842, by Capt. J. M. White, and John Evens, Esq. By Gambol (son of Filho-da-Puta). 1st dam by Negotiator (son of Prime Minister) ; 2d dam by Octavian ; 3d dam Miss Oragie by Orville ; 4th dam Marchioness by Lurcher ; 5th dam Miss Cogden by Phcenomenon ; 6th dam by Young Marske ; Yth dam by Silvio; 8th dam Daphne by Regulus.
564 THE HORSE.
KowTON, cli. c, foaled 182G, by Oiseau, bred by Mr. Petre, and im- ported in 1835 by Messrs. Merritt & Co., of Virginia. Died July, 1841. 1st dam Katbarina by Woful ; 2d dam Landscape by Kubens ; 3d dam Iris by Brush ; 4tli dam by Herod ; 5th dam sister to the Doctor by Goldfinder; 6th dam by Sedley Arabian ; 7tli dam Vanessa by Eegulus ; 8th dam by Fox ; 9th dam by Bloody Shouldered Arabian ; 10th dam by Basset Ara- bian; 11th dam Arabian mare.
KoYALiST, b. c, foaled 1790, by Saltram, bred by Mr. Bullock, and imported into Tennessee. Died in Tennessee, 1814, aged 24 years. 1st dam by Herod ; 2d dam Carina by Marske ; 3d dam by Blank; 4th dam Dizzy by Driver; 5tli dam by Smiling Tom ; 6th dam Miss Hip by Oysterfoot ; 7th dam by Merlin ; 8tli dam by Commoner ; 9th dam Coppin mare.
KuBT (called Eiddlesworth), foaled 1836 ; imported in his mother's belly by Thos. Kirkman, Esq., Alabama. By Eng. Emilius : dam imp. Eliza (sister to Defiance) by Kubens. (See imp. Eliza.)
Saltram, br. c, foaled 1780, by Eclipse, bred by Mr. Parker, and imported by William Lightfoot, of Virginia, in 1800. 1st dam Virago by Snap ; 2d dam by Eegulus ; 3d dam sister to Black- and-all-Black by Crab ; 4th dam Miss Slamerkin by Young True Blue ; 5tli dam by Lord Oxford's Dun Arabian ; 6tli dam D'Arcy's Black-legged Eoyal mare.
Sam Park, b. c, foaled 1839 ; imported with his mother by Messrs. Hugh and John Kirkman, Alabama. By The Saddler : dam imported Nanny Kilham by Voltair. (See imp. Nanny Kil- ham.)
Sampson, b. c, foaled 1778, bred by Lord Eockingham, by Tan- trum. 1st dam by Sampson ; 2d dam by the Godolphin colt ; 3d dam Flora by Eegulus; 4th dam by Bartlett's Childers; 5th dam by Bay Bolton ; 6th dam by Belgrade Turk.
Sarpedon", br. c, foaled 1828, by Emilius, bred by General Grosye- nor, and imported into America; stood at William G. Skill- man's, near Lexington, Ky., 1835. Imported by Merritt & Co., in 1834. 1st dam Icaria by The Flyer; 2d dam Parma by Dick Andrews ; 3d dam May by Beningbrough ; 4th dam Prim- rose by Mambrino ; 5tli dam Cricket by Herod ; 6th dam Sophia by Blank ; 7th dam Lord Leigh's Diana by Second ; 8th dam by Stanyan's Arabian ; 9 th dam Gipsy by King William's
LIST OF IMPORTED STALLIONS. 565
No-toDgued Barb; 10th dam by Makeless; 11th dam Royal mare.
Scout, br. c, foaled 1836, by St. Nicholas, bred by Mr. J. Briskham ; imported by Col. W. C. Beatty, Esq., of South Carolina. 1st dam Mrs. Walker by Blacklock ; 2d dam Primette by Prime Minister; 3d dam Miss Paul by Sir Paul; 4tli dam Miss Dun- nington by Shuttle; 5th dam Miss Grimstone by Weasel; 6th dam by Ancaster ; 7th dam by the Damascus Arabian ; 8th dam by Sampson ; 9th dam Sophia (sister to Mirza) by the Godolpliin Arabian; 10th dam by Hobgoblin; 11th dam by Whitefoot; 12tli dam by Leedes; 13th dam Moonali Barb mare.
ScTTHiAX, b. c, foaled 1851, by Orlando, bred by Col. Anson, and imported by R. Aitcheson Alexander, of Woodburn Stud Farm, Spring Station, Woodford county, Ky., in 1857. 1st dam Scythia by Hetman Platoff; 2d dam Princess by Slane; 3d dam sister to Cobweb by Phantom ; 4th dam Filagree by Sooth- sayer ; 5th dam Web by Waxy ; 6th dam Penelope by Trumpa- tor ; 7th dam Prunella by Highflyer; 8th dam Promise by Snap ; 9th dam Julia by Blank ; 10th dam Spectator's dam by Part- ner; 11th dam Bonny Lass by Bay Bolton; 12th dam by Bar- ley's Arabian ; 13th dam by Byerly Turk ; 14th dam by TafFolet Barb; 15th dam by Place's White Turk; 16th dam Natural Barb mare.
Seagull, b. c, foaled 1786, by Woodpecker, bred by Mr. Panton ; imported into Virginia about 1796, by Col. Hoomes. 1st dam Middlesex by Snap; 2d dam Miss Cleveland byEegulus; 3d dam Midge by son of Bay Bolton ; 4th dam by Bartlett's Chil- ders ; 5th dam by Honeywood's Arabian ; 6th dam, dam of the two True Blues.
Selim, b. c, foaled 1760, by Bajazet, bred by His Royal Highness the Duke of Cumberland, and imported into Virginia. 1st dam Miss Thigh by Rib; 2d dam Griswood's Lady Thigh by Partner ; 3d dam by Greyhound ; 4th dam Sophonisba's dam by the Curwen Bay Barb ; 5th dam by D'Arcy's Chestnut Ara- bian ; 6th dam by Whiteshirt ; 7th dam Montague mare.
Serab, b. c, foaled 1821, by Phantom, bred by Mr. Batson ; im- ported by Sir Isaac Coffin into Massachusetts, in 1828. (Im- potent.) 1st dam Jessy by Totteridge; 2d dam Cracker by Highflyer ; 3d dam Nutcracker by Matchem ; 4tli dam Miss
5C6 THE HOESE.
Starling by Starling; 5th dam by Partner; 6th dam by Crofts' Bay Barb; 7th dam byMakeless; 8th dam by Brimmer; 9th dam by Dicky Pierson ; 10th dam Burton Barb mare.
Shadow, b. c, foaled 1759, by Babraham, bred by Duke of North- umberland, and the property of Thacker Burwell, Esq., of Vir- ginia. 1st dam by Starling ; 2d dam Coughing Polly by Bart- lett's Childers ; 3d dam by Counsellor (sister to Thunderbolt) ; 4th dam by Snake ; 5th dam by Luggs ; 6th dam by Davill's Old Woodcock.
Shakespeaee, br. c, foaled 1835, by Smolensk©, bred by Mr. West, and imported by Merritt & Co. into Virginia, in 1835. 1st dam Charming Molly by Eubens ; 2d dam Comedy by Bening- brough ; 3d dam Mrs. Jordan by Highflyer ; 4tli dam Harriet by Matchem ; 5th dam Flora by Eegulus ; 6th dam by Bart- lett's Childers ; 7th dam by Bay Bolton ; 8th dam by Belgrade Turk.
Shameock, ch. c, foaled 1836, by St. Patrick, bred by Mr. Sadler; imported in his mother's belly, in 1835. 1st dam Delight by Eeveller ; 2d dam Defiance by Rubens ; 3d dam Little Folly by Highland Fling ; 4th dam Harriet by Volunteer ; 5th dam by Alfred; 6th dam Magnolia by Marske; 7th dam by Babraham; 8th dam by Sedbury; 9th dam Ebony by Childers; lOtli dam Old Ebony by Basto ; 11th dam Massey mare by Mr. Massey's Black Barb.
Shaek, br. c, foaled 1771, by Marske, bred by Mr. Pigot. Died in Virginia, 1795 or '6, aged 24 or '5 years. Marlborough was full brother to Babraham and imported Selima, by Godolphin Ara- bian. 1st dam by Snap ; 2d dam by Marlborough (Warwick- shire Wag's dam) ; 3d dam Natural Barb mare.
Shaepcatchee, br. c, by Flat Catcher ; imported by Kentucky Im- porting Company, 1860 ; foaled 1859 ; bred by Mr. Farrow ; owned by A. S. Talbot, Lexington, Ky. 1st dam by Cowl ; 2d dam Venus by Hercules (Aphrodite's dam) ; 3d dam Echo by Emilius ; 4th dam by Scud or Pioneer ; 5th dam Canary Bird by Whiskey or Sorcerer ; 6th dam Canary by Coriander ; 7th dam Miss Green by Highflyer ; 8th dam Harriet by Matchem ; 9th dam Flora by Eegulus; 10th dam by Bartlett's Childers; 11th dam by Bay Bolton ; 12th dam by Belgrade Turk, etc.
Shock, b. c, foaled 1729, by Jigg, bred by Mr. Howe, and imported into Virginia. 1st dam by Snake (sister to Old Country
LIST OF IMPORTED STALLIONS. 567
Wench); 2d dam Grey Wilkes by Hautboy; 3d dam Miss D'Arcy's Pet mare by Pet; 4th dam Sedbury Eoyal mare.
Shock, b. c, foaled , by Old Shock, bred by , and im- ported by Col. Baylor, of Virginia. We cannot find this colt, and find but one colt by Shock out of a Partner mare, Bolton, foaled 1752. 1st dam by Partner; 2d dam by Makeless; 3d dam by Brimmer; 4tli dam by Place's White Turk; 5th dam by Dodsworth ; 6th dam Lay ton Barb mare.
Silver, g. c, foaled 1789, by Mercury, bred by the Duke of Graf- ton ; imported by Mr. Drew, of Halifax county, N. C. ; after- ward called Drew's Silver. 1st dam by Herod ; 2d dam Young Hag by Skim; 3d dam Hag by Crab; 4th dam Ebony by Childers ; 5th dam Ebony by Basto ; Cth dam Massey mare by Mr. Massey's Black Barb.
Silver Eye, ch. c, foaled , bred by . By Cullen Ara- bian. We are unable to find Silver Eye. He is described as a pale sorrel horse, with a white face, glass eyes, four white legs above the knees before, and hocks behind. This description was given by a gentleman who saw him in 17G2 or 17G3. He was imported by Mr. S. Duval. 1st dam by Curwen's Bay Barb; 2d dam Byerly Turk; 3d dam Curwen's Spot; 4th dam White-legged Lowther Barb ; 5th dam Old Vintner mare.
Sir Harry, br. c, foaled 1795, by Sir Peter Teazle, bred by Mr. Cookson, and imported by Mr. Haxall, of Virginia, in 1804. 1st dam Matron by Alfred; 2d dam Pilot's dam by Marske; 3d dam by Eegulus ; 4th dam Wildair's dam by Steady ; 5th dam by Partner; 6th dam by Greyhound ; 7th dam Chestnut Lay- ton by Makeless; 8th dam Bay Layton by Counsellor; 9th dam by Brimmer ; lOtli dam Trumpet's dam by Place's White Turk; lltli dam by Dodsworth; 12th dam Layton Barb mare.
Sir Peter Teazle, br. c, foaled 1791, bred by Lord Stamford; im- ported into Virginia by Hon. John Tayloe. By Sir Peter Tea- zle. Died 1811. 1st dam Lucy by Conductor ; 2d dam Lucy by Spectator; 3d dam by Blank; 4tli dam by Childers; 5th dam by True Blue ; 6th dam by Cyprus Arabian ; 7th dam Bonny Black by Black Hearty.
Sir Peter Teazle, r. c, foaled 1802, by Sir Peter Teazle, bred by Mr. Harris; imported into South Carolina by Gen. John McPherson. 1st dam Vivaldi's dam by Mercury; 2d dam Cytherea by Herod; 3d dam Lily by Blank; 4th dani by Cade;
568 THE HOESE.
5th dam sister to "Widdrington mare by Partner; Gtli dam by Bloody Buttocks ; Ttli dam by Greyhound ; 8th dam by Make- less ; 9th dam by Brimmer ; 10th dam by Place's White Turk ; 11th dam by Dodsworth; 12th dam Layton Barb mare.
SiE Peter Teazle (Young), br. c, foaled in 1801, bred by Mr. Walker, and imported into Virginia, by Colonels Tallmadge and Tayloe. 1st dam by Alexander ; 2d dam by Dux ; 3d dam Folly by Blank ; 4th dam sister to Regulus by Godolphin Ara- bian ; 5th dam Grey Eobinson by the Bald Galloway ; Gth dam by Snake; 7th dam Old Wilkes by Old Hautboy.
Sir Egbert, b, c, foaled 1832 or 1833 (Fidalma had two foals in succession, both bay colts, by Bobadil), by Bobadil. 1st dam Fidalma by Waxy Pope ; 2d dam Dinarzade by Selim ; 3d dam Princess by Sir Peter Teazle ; 4:tli dam by Dunganon; 5tli dam by Turf; 6th dam by Herod ; Yth dam Golden Grove by Blank ; 8th dam Spinster by Partner ; 9th dam sister to Squirrel's dam by Bloody Buttocks; 10th dam by Greyhound; 11th dam by Makeless; 12th dam by Brimmer; 13th dam by Place's White Turk ; 14th dam by Dodsworth ; loth dam Layton Barb mare.
Sir Tatto^st, ch. c, foaled 1856, bred by Sir Tatton Sykes; imported into Ohio by James Fullington, Esq. By Daniel O'Eourke. Sir Tatton covered two mares spring of 1860, and died soon after. 1st dam sister to Driffield by Hampton; 2d dam by Comus ; 3d dam by Smolensko ; 4th dam (sister to Orphan) by Camillus ; 5th dam by Gabriel ; 6th dam Legacy by King Fer- gus ; 7th dam Mortonia by Herod ; 8th dam by Northumber- land ; 9tli dam by Eegulus ; 10th dam by Lord Moreton's Ara- bian.
Sir Walter, — c, foaled , by Marplot. First dam (imported
Citizen's dam) Princess by Turk. Princess by Turk had no foal by Marplot. We think this a spurious pedigree, or else the year of foaling would be given. (See E. S. B,, vol. 1, pages 153 and 154.
Skim, gr. c, foaled 1746, by Starling, bred by Mr. Eouth. 1st dam Miss Mayes by Bartlett's Childers ; 2d dam by Counsellor ; 3d dam by Snake ; 4th dam by Luggs ; 5tli dam by Davill's Wood- cock.
Skim, c, imported into South Carolina, 1760, then five years old, was by the CuUen Arabian. He ran successfully, and stood at Mr. John Myrant's, on the Santee, at £20.
LIST OF IMPORTED STALLIONS. 569
Skylark, br. c, foaled 1783, by Highflyer, bred by Mr. ■W}Tidham. 1st dam Cliedworth's Snap ; 2d dam by Squirt ; 3d dam Baja- zet's dam by Wliitefoot ; 4th dam by Leedes ; 5th dam Moo- nah Barb mare.
Skylark, br. c, foaled 1826, by Waxy Pope, bred by Mr. Daxon. Imported by Messrs. Merritt, of Virginia. 1st dam Skylark by Musician ; 2d dam Piroiiette by Young Eagle ; 3d dam Parisot by Sir Peter Teazle ; 4th dam Deceit by Tandem ; 5 th dam Perdita by Herod ; 6th dam Fair Forester by Sloe ; 7tli dam by Forester ; 8th dam by Partner ; 9th dam by Croft's Bay Barb ; 10th dam by Makeless ; lltli dam by Brimmer ; 12th dam by a son of Dodsworth ; 13th dam Burton Barb mare.
Slender, b. c, foaled 1779, by Herod, bred by the Duke of Queens- bury. He was full brother in blood to Highflyer, and stood near New York in 1788. 1st dam Eutli (sister to Highflyer's dam) by Blank ; 2d dam by Eegulus ; 3d dam by Soreheels ; 4th dam by Makeless; 5th dam Christopher D'Arcy's Koyal mare.
Slim, or Sprightly, or Slip, ch. c, foaled 1768, by son of Babra- ham, bred by Mr. Wildman. 1st dam by Babraham ; 2d dam by Sedbury; 3d dam Ebony by Childers; 4th dam Ebony by Basto; 5th dam Massey mare by Mr. Massey's Black Barb.
Slouch, ch. c, foaled 1747, by Cade, bred by Sir J. Moore, and im- ported into F'outli Carolina. 1st dam Little Hartley mare by Bartlett's Cliilders; 2d dam Flying Whig by William's Wood- stock Arabian ; 3d dam by St. Victor Barb ; 4tli dam by Why- not (son of the Fenwick Barb) ; 5th dam Royal mare.
Sloven, bl. c, foaled 1756, by Cub, and imported into New York. We cannot find this colt. 1st dam by the Bolton Starling; 2d dam by Godolphin Arabian; 3d dam by Childers; 4th dam Bonny Black by Black Hearty. '
Snap, br. c, foaled about 1757 or '8 ; imported into South Carolina by Capt. Parker, 1767. By Snap. 1st dam Vanessa by Eegu- lus ; 2d dam by Fox ; 3d dam by Bloody Shouldered Arabian ; 4tli dam by Bassett Arabian ; 5tli dam an Arab mare.
Snipe, b. c, foaled 1762, bred by Mr. Vernon; imported into South Carolina, and stood near Jacksonborough in 1772 and '73. By Snap. 1st dam by Blank; 2d dam Dizzy by Driver ; 3d dam
570 THE HORSE.
by Smiling Tom; 4th dam Miss Hip by Oysterfoot; 5th dam by Merlin ; Gth dam by Commouer ; 7th dam the Duke of Som- erset's Coi^pin mare.
SoBEE JoH]sr, foaled 1748 ; imported into Virginia by Col. Baylor. By Eib ; balance of pedigree unknown. The following sketch may be found in Heber's English Eacing Calendar for 1754, page 187. He ran that year six times, and won the following races: May 23, "Wisbech, Norfolk, iE50; June 12, Stamford, Lincolnshire, .£50.
SoMOKOCODRON', b. c, foaled 1830, bred by Mr. Smith ; imported into Canada by H. P. Simmons, Esq. By Brutandorf. 1st dam by Traveler ; 2d dam by Hambletonian ; 3d dam Vesta by Del- pini; 4tli dam Faith by Pacolet; 5tli dam Atalanta by Matchem ; Gth dam Lass of the Mill by Oroonoko ; 7th dam Lass of the Mill by Traveler ; 8th dam Miss Makeless by son of Greyhound; 9th dam by Partner; 10th dam Miss Doe's dam by Woodcock; lltli dam by Crofts' Bay Barb; 12th dam Des- demona's dam by Makeless.
Sorrow, ch. c, foaled in 1835, by Defence, bred by Mr. Sadler, and imported with his dam when a suckling, by Col. Wade Hamp- ton, of South Carolina. 1st dam imp. Tears by Woful ; 2d dam Miss Stej)henson by Scud or Sorcerer ; 3d dam sister to Pet- worth by Precipitate ; 4th dam by Woodpecker ; 5tli dam sister to Juniper by Snap ; Gth dam Young Marske's dam by Blank ; 7tli dam Bay Starling by the Bolton Starling ; 8th dam Miss Meynell by Partner; 9th dam by Greyhound; 10th dam by Curwen Bay Barb ; lltli dam by Lord D'Arcy's Arabian ; 12th dam by Whiteshirt ; 13th dam Old Montagu mare.
SOURCROUT, b. c, foaled 1786, by Highflyer, bred by the Duke of Grafton; stood in Tennessee. 1st dam Jewel by Squirrel; 2d dam Sophia by Blank ; 3d dam Lord Leigh's Diana by Second ; 4th dam Mr. Hanger's Brown mare by Stanyan's Arabian ; 5th dam Gipsey by King William's No-tongued Barb ; Gth dam by Makeless ; 7tli dam Eoyal mare.
SovEREiGivr, b. c, foaled 183G, by Emilius, bred by His Majesty King William IV, at Hampton Court, and imported by Col. Wade Hampton, of South Carolina; late the property of Capt. A. Buford, Bosque Bonita, Stud Farm, Woodford county, Ky. Since dead. 1st dam Fleur-de-Lis by Bourbon ; 2d dam Lrdy Eachel by Stamford ; 3d dam Young Eachael by Volunteer ;
LIST OF IMPORTED STALLIOKS. 571
4tli clam Eacliael by Highflyer ; 6th dam Tandem's sister by Syplion ; 6tli dam by Eegulus ; 7tli dam by Snip ; 8tli dam Cottingbam; 9tb dam Warlock Galloway by Snake; 10th dam sister to the Carlisle gelding by the Bald Galloway.
Spadille, b. c, foaled 1784, by Highflyer, bred by Lord A. Hamil- ton, and imported into Virginia. 1st dam Flora by Squirrel; 2d dam Angelica by Snap ; 3d dam by Eegulus ; 4th dam by Bartlett's Childers; 5th dam by Honeywood's Arabian; 6th dam, dam of the two True Blues.
Spark, — c, foaled , by Honeycomb Punch ; imported into
Maryland by Gov. Ogle, and was presented to him by Lord Bal- timore, who received him as a present from His Eoyal High- ness, Frederick, Prince of Wales. The Wilkes' mare was im- ported into America by Col. Colville, of Virginia, and called Miss Colville. 1st dam Wilkes' mare (called Miss Colville) by Hautboy ; 2d dam by Brimmer.
Spark (Old), foaled , bred by , imported by Benj. Tasker,
Esq., Maryland. By Aleppo (son of Parley Arabian). 1st dam by Bartlett's Childers; 2d dam by Old Spark (son of Honey- comb Punch); 3d dam by Coneyskins; 4th dam Sweetlips by Cade ; 5th dam by Jigg ; Cth dam (dam of Squirt) by Snake.
Speculator, b. c, foaled 1795, by Dragon, bred by the Duke of Bedford, and imported into Virginia by Col. Hoomes, in 1801. 1st dam sister to Sting by Herod ; 2d dam Florizel's dam by Cygnet ; 3d dam by Cartouch ; 4th dam Ebony by Childers ; 5th dam Ebony by Basto ; Gth dam Mr. Massey's mare by Mr. Massey's Black Barb.
Sportsman, ch. c, foaled about 1757, imported into South Carolina by Messrs. Mansell, Corbett & Co. By son of Blaze out of a Second mare. 1st dam by Golden Ball ; 2d dam by Lord Bed- ford's Arabian ; 3d dam by Bay Bolton.
Spread Eagle, b. c, foaled 1792, by Volunteer, bred by Sir F. Standish, and imported into Virginia by Col. Hoomes. Died in Kentucky 1805, aged 13. 1st dam by Highflyer ; 2d dam by Engineer ; 3d dam by Cade ; 4th dam Lass of the Mill by Traveler ; 5th dam Miss Makeless by a son of Greyhound ; 6th dam 1)y Partner ; 7th dam Miss Doe's dam by Woodcock ; 8th dam by Crofts' Bay Barb ; 9th dam by Makeless ; 10th dam by Brimmer; 11th dam by Dicky Pierson ; 12th dam Burton Barb mare.
572 THE HORSE.
Speightlt, ch. c, foaled 17C3, imported by Messrs. Mansell, Corbett & Co. into South Carolina, 17G7. By Sportsman, also imported by the same parties. 1st dam by Cartouch ; 2d dam by Old Cade.
Stafford, — c, foaled 1833, by Memnon, bred by , and im- ported into New York the spring of 1835, at two years old. He made his first season in South Carolina in 1838, and died in NoTember, 1840. 1st dam by Piscator ; 2d dam Mademoiselle Presle by Sir Peter Teazle ; 3d dam Nina by Eclipse ; 4th dam Pomona by Herod ; 5th dam Caroline by Snap ; 6th dam by Eegulus ; 7tli dam by Hip ; 8th dam by Hartley's blind horse ; 9th dam by Flying Whig.
Star, b. c, foaled 1785, by Highflyer, bred by Eichard Taylor, Esq., and imported into South Carolina by General John McPherson. He died in 1811. 1st dam by Snap; 2d dam Eiddle (sister to Pumpkin) by Matchem; 3d dam by Squirt; 4tli dam Lot's dam by Mogiil ; 5th dam Camilla by Bay Bolton ; 6tli dam Old Lady by Pullein's Chestnut Arabian ; 7th dam by Eockwood ; 8th dam by Bustler.
Starlikg, c, bred by Lord Eockingham, imported into South Caro- lina about 1767, owned by Wm. Moultrie, St. John's Parish, up to 1772. By Old Starling. 1st dam by the Godolphin Ara- bian ; 2d dam by Childers ; 3d dam by True Blue ; 4th dam by Cypress ; 5th dam Duke of Eutland's famous mare Bonny Black by Black Hearty ; 6th dam by Persian stallion.
Starling, g. c, foaled 1756 (it is said), by Young Starling, bred by Mr. Holme ; imported by Messrs. Carlisle & Dalson, of Alexan- dria, Va. We cannot find the produce of the Eegulus mare ; the balance of the joedigree from Eegulus back is correct, and doubtless the other is. 1st dam by Eegulus ; 2d dam by Snake ; 3d dam by Partner ; 4th dam by Crofts' Egyptian ; 5th dam Grey Woodcock by Woodcock ; 6th dam Pet Mare by Watsell's Turk; 7th dam by Hautboy; 8th dam Trumpet's dam by Place's White Turk ; 9th dam by Dodsworth ; 10th dam Layton Barb mare.
Starling, g. c, foaled 1757 ; imported by Messrs. Carlisle & Dalson, of Alexandria, Va., in the ship Christian. Full brother to the preceding colt.
Starling, b. c, foaled 1757, by Young Starling. We cannot find this colt. 1st dam by Slipby ; 2d dam by Partner; 3d dam by
LIST or IMPORTED STALLIONS. 573
Greyhound; 4th dam by "Wastell's Turk; 5th dam by Old Hautboy ; 6th dam by Place's White Turk ; 7th dam by Dods- worth ; 8tli dam Layton Barb mare.
Starli^stg, g. c, foaled 1800, by Sir Peter Teazle, bred by Mr. Wil- son, and imported into Virginia. 1st dam sister to Windlestone by Magnet ; 2d dam by Le Sang ; 3d dam by Eib ; 4th dam Mother Western by Smith's son of Snake ; 5th dam by Mon- tague ; 6th dam by Hautboy ; 7th dam by Brimmer.
Sterlikg, b. c, foaled 1757, by Young Starling. We cannot find this colt; the pedigree maybe correct. 1st dam by Eegulus; 2d dam by Roundhead; 3d dam by Partner; 4th dam by Makeless; 5th dam by Brimmer; Gth dam Trumpet's dam by Place's White Turk ; 7th dam by Dodsworth ; Stli dam Layton Barb mare.
Sterling, called also Starling, g. c, foaled 1762, by the Belsize Ara- bian, bred by Mr. Simpson, and imported by Capt. William Evans, of Surry county, Va. We cannot find the above colt; the pedigree may be correct. 1st dam by Bowe's Snake ; 2d dam by Partner ; 3d dam by Nephewson ; 4th dam Mr. Shir- ley's famous mare.
Stirling, b. c, foaled 1791, by Volunteer, bred by , and im- ported into Virginia, 1799, by Col. Hoomes. 1st dam Harriet by Highflyer ; 2d dam by Young Cade ; 3d dam Childerkin by Second ; 4th dam Snap's dam by Fox ; 5tli dam Gipsey by Bay Bolton ; Gth dam by Duke of Newcastle's Turk ; 7th dam by Byerly Turk ; 8th dam by Taflfolet Barb ; 9th dam by Place's White Turk ; 10th dam Natural Barb mare.
Stone Plover, b. c, bred by Lord Spencer, foaled 1850; imported by Thomas Williams, and stood one season in Kentucky ; no-w- in Michigan. By Cotherstone. 1st dam Wryneck by Slane ; 2d dam Gitaua by Tramp ; 3d dam Mrs. Fry by Walton ; 4th dam Vourneen by Sorcerer ; 5th dam Tooee by Buzzard ; 6th dam Violet by Shark ; 7th dam by Syphon ; 8th dam Charlotte by Blank; 9th dam by Crab; 10th dam by Dyer's Dimple; 11th dam by Bethel's Castaway ; 12th dam Why-not ; 13th dam a Royal mare.
Strap, b. c, foaled 1800, by Beningbrough, bred by Mr. W. Lee; imported by Mr. Cotton into North Carolina. 1st dam by Highflyer ; 2d dam by Tatler ; 3d dam by Snip ; 4th dam by Godolpbin Arabian ; 5th dam by Frampton's White-neck by
574 THE HORSE.
Curwen's Bay Barb ; Gth dam by Old Spot ; 7tli dam by White- legged Lowther Barb ; 8tli dam Old Vintner mare.
St. George, br. c, foaled 1771, by Dragon, bred by Mr. 0. Hanger, and imported (it is said) by Col. Hoomes, of Virginia. 1st dam Sally by Blank ; 2d dam Poppet by Black Chance ; 3d dam by Looby; 4th dam by Partner; 5th dam by Woodcock; 6tli dam by Makeless ; 7th dam by Dicky Pierson ; 8tli dam Burton Barb mare.
St. George, b. c, foaled 1789 ; imported into Virginia (it is said) by Col. J. C. Goode, Virginia. By Highflyer. 1st dam by Eclipse; 2d dam Miss Spindleshanks by Omar ; 3d dam by Starling ; 4th dam by the Godolphin Arabian ; 5th dam by Stanyan Ara- bian ; 6th dam by Pelham Barb ; 7th dam by Spot ; 8th dam by Wliite-legged Lowther Barb; 9th dam Old Vintner mare.
St. Giles, ch. c, foaled 1829, by Tramp, bred by Eidsdale, and imported by James Jackson, of Alabama, in 1835. 1st dam Arcot Lass by Ardrossan ; 2d dam by Cramlington ; 3d dam Floyerkin by Stride ; 4th dam Little England's dam by Jave- lin ; 5th dam sister to Toby by Highflyer; 6th dam by Matchem ; 7th dam by Dainty Davy ; 8th dam by son of Mogul ; 9th dam by Crab; 10th dam by Bay Bolton ; 11th dam by Curwen's Bay Barb ; 12th dam by Old Spot ; 13th dam by White-legged Low- ther Barb ; 14th dam Old Vintner mare.
St. Paul, ch. c, foaled 1789, by Highflyer, bred by H. E. H. the Prince of Wales, and imported into Virginia by Wm. Lightfoot, Esq., in 1804. 1st dam Purity by Matchem; 2d dam by Squirt; 3d dam Lot's dam by Mogul; 4th dam Camilla by Bay Bolton ; 5th dam Old Lady (Starling's dam) by Pullein's chestnut Arabian ; Gth dam by Eockwood ; 7th dam by Bust- ler.
Sweeper, bl. c, foaled in 1751, by Sloe ; imported and stood in North Carolina. The English Stud Book does not state the year of his foaling; see vol. 1, page 433. 1st dam by Mogul; 2d dam by Partner ; 3d dam by Coneyskins.
Sweeper, br. or bl. c, foaled , bred , and imported by
. By Beaver's Driver. We cannot find Sweeper, and
think there is an error in the pedigree. Thwaite's Dun mare was the dam of Beaver's Driver, the sire of Sweeper. We sup- pose this was intended for Sweeper by Sloe, which we give. 1 st dam Thwaite's Dun mare by the Ancaster Turk ; 2d dam by
LIST OF IMPOETED STALLIONS. 575
the Walpole Barb ; 3d dam Miss Belvoir by Grey Grantham ; 4th dam by Paget Turk; 5th dam Betty Percival by Leedes' Arabian ; 6th dam by Spanker. Swiss, b. c, foaled 1821, by Whisker, bred by Col. Cradock, and im- ported in 1835, by F. B. Ogden. 1st dam by Shuttle ; 2d dam Lady Sarah by Fidget ; 3d dam by Alfred ; 4tli dam Magnolia by Marske; 5 th dam by Babraham; 6th dam by Sedbury; 7th dam Ebony by Childers ; 8th dam Ebony by Basto ; 9th dam Massey mare by Mr. Massey's Black Barb.
Tannee, b. c, foaled 1757, bred by , and imported into St.
Mary's county, Md., by Daniel Wolstenholme. By Young
Cade. First dam by . We cannot find anything beyond
what is stated above. This colt was run by Mr. Harrison. (See English Eacing Calendar for 1762, page 84.) Taequin, — c, foaled 1720, by the Hampton Court Chestnut Ara- bian, bred by Mr. Strickland. 1st dam Leedes' mare by Leedes ; 2d dam Moonah Barb mare. Taequin", c. ; imported into South Carolina, 1763; stood at John Izard's, on Ashley Eiver. By Old Tarquin. First dam an Arabian mare. Tatteesall, b. c, foaled 1837, bred by Mr. Tattersall ; imported by Capt. Donald Kowe, South Carolina. By Saracen. 1st dam Minnow by Filho da Puta ; 2d dam Mervinia by Walton ; 3d dam Phantasmagoria by Precipitate ; 4th dam Cerberus dam by Herod ; 5th dam by Marske ; 6th dam by Skim ; 7th dam Hag by Crab ; 8th dam Ebony by Childers ; 9th dam Ebony by Basto ; 10th dam Massey mare by his Black Barb. Telegeaph, br. c, foaled 1795, by Sir Peter Teazle, bred by Mr. Baldock. 1st dam Fame by Pantaloon ; 2d dam Diomed's dam by Spectator ; 3d dam sister to Horatius by Blank ; 4th dam by Childers ; 5th dam Miss Belvoir by Grey Grantham ; Gth dam by Paget Turk ; 7th dam Betty Percival by Leedes' Ara- bian ; 8th dam by Spanker. Teneeiffe, b. c, foaled 1832, bred by Mr. Boothe ; imported by Thos. Flintoff, Esq., Nashville, Tenn. By Conqueror. 1st dam by Mulatto ; 2d dam by Discount ; 3d dam by Stamford ; 4th dam by Young Marske ; 5th dam by Bosphorus ; 6th dam by Eib ; 7th dam by Hip ; 8tli dam Large Hartley mare by Mr. Hartley's blind horse ; 9th dam Flying Whig by Woodstock Arabian; 10th dam by St. Victor Barb; 11th dam by Why-- not ; 12th dam Eoyal mare.
576 THE HOKSE.
The Eael, b. c, foaled 1868 ; imported in his mother's belly by Mr. A. Belmont, N. Y. By The Marquis : dam imported Fleur- des-Champs (which see).
Tickle Toby, b. c., foaled 1786, bred by Mr. Wastell ; the property of Caleb Boush, of Princess Anne county, Virginia. By Alfred. 1st dam Ca;lia by Herod ; 2d dam Proserpine by Marske ; 3d dam Spiletta by Eegulus ; 4th dam Mother Western by Smith, '.' son of Snake ; 5th dam by Montague ; 6th dam by Hautboy ; 7th dam by Brimmer.
Toby, ch. c. (called also Sporting Toby), foaled , bred by .
By Janus. "We cannot find this colt. He was imported into North Carolina, and was the property of Mr. Alston, of that State. 1st dam by Fox ; 2d dam by Bald Galloway.
Toby, b. c, foaled 1786, by Highflyer, bred by Mr. Bullock, and im- ported by Col. Tayloe, of Virginia. He died on his passage to America. 1st dam by Matchem ; 2d dam by Dainty Davy ; 3d dam by a son of Mogul ; 4th dam by Crab ; 5 th dam by Bay Bolton; 6th dam by Curwen's Bay Barb; 7th dam by Old Spot; 8th dam by White-legged Lowther Barb; 9th dam Old Vintner mare.
Tom Breeze, ch. c, foaled 1835, bred by Mr. Thornhill; imported by John Eouth, Esq., Natchez, Miss. By St. Patrick. 1st dam Maria by Whisker ; 2d dam Gibside Fairy by Hermes ; 3d dam Vicissitude by Pipator ; 4th dam Beatrice by Sir Peter ; 5tli dam Pyrrha by Matchem ; 6th dam Duchess by Whitenose ; 7th dam Miss Slamerkin by Young True Blue ; 8th dam by Oxford Dun Arabian; 9th dam D'Arcy's Black-legged Eoyal mare,
Tom Ceib, ch. c, foaled 1847, by Gladiator, bred by Mr. E. E. Oli- ver, or Sir E. W. Bulkeley, and imported into America ; owned by John Appleton, New York. 1st dam Jemima by Count Porro ; 2d dam Mrs. Suggs by Crispin ; 3d dam by Totteridge ; 4th dam by Sir Peter Teazle ; 5th dam Maid of Ely by Tan- dem ; 6th dam Harlot's dam by Herod ; 7th dam by Young Cade.
Tom Jones, g. c, foaled 1745, by Partner, bred by Mr. Crofts, and imported by Sir Marmaduke Beckwith, of Virginia, about 1755. 1st dam by True Blue ; 2d dam by Cyprus ; 3d dam Bonny Black by Black Hearty ; 4th dam by a Persian stallion.
Touchstone, half-bred c, foaled about 1800 ; stood at Thos. Beans', Pennsylvania. By Clothier (son of Matchem) ; dam unknown.
LIST OF IMPOKTED STALLIONS. 577
Tean^by, br. c, foaled 1826, by Blacklock, bred by Mr. Eidsdde, and imported, in 1835, by Merritt & Co., of Virginia. 1st dam by Orville; 2d dam Miss Grimstone by Weasel; 3d dam by Ancaster ; 4tli dam by Damascus Arabian ; 5th dam by Samp- son ; Gtli dam by Oroonoko ; 7th dam sister to Mizra by Go- dolphin Arabian ; 8tli dam by Hobgoblin ; 9th dam by White- foot; 10th dam by Leedes; 11th dam Moonah Barb mare.
Traveler (Mr. Coatsworth's), — c, foaled 1746, by Traveler. 1st dam by Bartlett's Childers ; 2d dam Mr. Durham's Favorite by a son of Bald Galloway ; 3d dam Daffodil's dam by a foreign horse of Sir T. Gascoigne's.
Traveler (Moreton's). Various conjectures have arisen respecting the true pedigree of this horse. We give the different pedigrees. Bay colt, foaled about 1748, bred by Mr. Crofts, by Partner. This mare had colt foals by Partner in 1734, '37, '40, '43, '45, '46 and '47. She missed to Partner in 1742 and 1748. Tliis is the true pedigree. 1st dam Bay Bloody Buttocks by Bloody Buttocks ; 2d dam by Greyhound ; 3d dam by Makeless ; 4th dam by Brimmer; 5th dam by Place's White Turk; 6tli dam by Dodsworth ; 7th dam Layton Barb mare.
Traveler (alias Big Ben), b. c, foaled 1781, and imported by Wil- liam Barksdale, of London, for James Strange, Esq., near Man- chester, Virginia, in 1797. By Eclipse. He appears as Mr. Croke's Charlemont. 1st dam by Herod ; 2d dam by Blank ; 3d dam by Snip ; 4tli dam by Partner ; 5th dam by Bloody Buttocks ; Gth dam by Greyhound ; 7th dam by Makeless ; 8th dam by Brimmer ; 9th dam by Place's White Turk ; 10 th dam by Dodsworth ; 11th dam Layton Barb mare.
Trinculo, b. c, foaled , by Willeby's Old Trinculo, bred by
Mr. R W. Pearce. Wo cannot find this colt. 1st dam by Jus- tice; 2d dam by Highflyer; 3d dam by Star Gazer; 4th dam by Amazon.
True Blue, b. c, foaled 1797, by Walnut, bred by Mr. Hutchison; imported by Governor James Turner, of Warren county, IS". C, in 1803. 1st dam by King Fergus; 2d dam Cselia by Herod; 3d dam Proserpine l)y Marske ; 4tli dam Spiletta by Eegulus ; 5th dam Mother Western by Smith, son of Snake ; 6tli dam by Montague ; 7th dam by Hautboy ; 8th dam by Brimmer.
Truffle Young, br. c, foaled 1824, by Old Trufile, bred by the Duke of Glaiche, in France, and imported into Virginia by Vol. L— 37
578 THE HOESE.
James Barbour, Minister Plenipotentiary from the United States to the Court of Great Britain, in 1830. We find no produce given out of Helen, but that is doubtless owing to her exporta- tion to France, where this colt was foaled. 1st dam Helen by Whiskey ; 2d dam Brown Justice by Justice ; 3d dam Xenia by Challenger ; 4th dam Xantippe by Eclipse ; 5th dam Gre- cian Princess by William's Forester ; 6th dam by the Coalition colt ; 7th dam by Bustard ; 8th dam Lord Leigh's Charming Molly by Second ; 9th dam Mr. Hanger's brov/n mare by Stan- yan's Arabian ; 10th dam Gipsey by King William's No-tongued Arabian; 11th dam by Makeless; 13th dam Eoyal mare.
Teustee, ch. c, foaled 1829, by Catton, bred by Mr. Eidsdale, and imported, in 1835, by Capt. Stockton, U. S. N., of New Jersey. 1st dam Emma by Whisker; 2d dam Gibside Fairy by Hermes; 3d dam Vicissitude by Pipator ; 4th dam Beatrice by Sir Peter Teazle; 5th dam Pyrrha by Matchem; 6th dam Duchess by Whitenose ; 7th dam Miss Slamerkin by Young True Blue ; 8th dam by Oxford Dun Arabian ; 9tli dam by D'Arcy's Black- legged Eoyal mare.
Tup, b. c, foaled 1796, by Jayelin, bred by Mr. Bullock. 1st dam Flavia by Plunder ; 2d dam Miss Euston by Snap ; 3d dam Charmer by Blank ; 4th dam by Cartouch ; 5th dam by Sore- heels ; 6th dam by Makeless ; 7th dam D'Arcy's Eoyal mare.
Valentine (originally called Tommy Longlegs), b. c, foaled 1823, bred by Mr. Houldsworth, and imported into New York, 1826. By Magistrate. 1st dam Miss Forester (first called Miss Hol- land) by Diamond ; 2d dam by Alexander ; 3d dam Captain Absolute's dam by Sweet William; 4tli dam Thetis byChymist; 5th dam Curiosity by Snap ; 6th dam by Eegulus ; 7th dam by Bartlett's Childers ; 8th dam l3y Hone}"wood's Aral)ian ; 9th dam the dam of the two True Blues.
Valliant, dun colt, foaled , by Dormouse. Wo cannot find
this colt. 1st dam by Old Crab ; 2d dam by Crofts' Partner ; ' 3d dam Thwaite's dun mare by the Ancaster Turk.
Valpaeaiso, ch. c, foaled 1831, by Velocipede, bred by the Duke of Leeds, and imported in 1840, by Messrs. Shirley & Birch, Kentucky. 1st dam Juliana by Gohanna ; 2d dam Platina by Mercury ; 3d dam by Herod ; 4th dam Young Hag by Skim ; 5th dam Hag by Crab ; 6th dam Ebony by Childers ; 7th dam Ebony by Basto ; 8th dam Massey mare by Mr. Massey's Black Barb.
LIST OF IMPOETED STALLIOKS. 579
Vampire, — c, foaled 1757, by Eegulus, bred by Lord Waldegrave. He stood in Virginia. Edgar states that Vampire was by Wil- son's Arabian ; but the English Stud Book states he was by Eegulus. 1st dam (the dam of Wildair) by Steady ; 2d dam by Partner; 3d dam by Greyhound; 4tli dam Chestnut Layton by Makeless; 5th dam by Counsellor; 6th dam by Brimmer; 7th dam by Place's White Turk.
Venetiaist, b. c, foaled 1782, bred by Sir James Penn}Tnan, of Yorkshire, England. By Doge. We cannot find this colt. We find two stud colts called Venetian, by Doge, but the dams are differently bred from the above. 1st dam by Old Snap ; 2d dam by Dyer's Dimple ; 3d dam by Fox.
Veketiaist, ch. c, foaled 1786, bred by Mr. Panton. By Doge. We are inclined to believe this is the pedigree of the Venetian im- ported. 1st dam Helen by Conductor; 2d dam by Shakes- peare ; 3d dam by Cade ; 4th dam sister to Lodge's Eoan mare by Partner.
Victory, b. c, foaled 1825, by Waterloo, bred by the Duke of Eut- land; stood at Lancaster, Pa., at Edward Parker's, in 1835; imported 1833, by William Jackson. 1st dam Adeline by Soothsayer; 2d dam Elizabeth by Orville; 3d dam Penny- trumpet by Trumpator; 4th dam Young Camilla by Wood- jDecker; 5th dam Camilla by Trentham ; 6th dam Coquette by the Compton Barb ; 7th dam sister to Eegulus by the Godol- phin Arabian ; 8th dam Grey Eobinson by the Bald Galloway ; 9th dam by Snake ; 10th dam Old Wilkes, a daughter of Old Hautboy.
Volnet, b. c, foaled 1833, by Velocipede, bred by Mr. E. Stephen- son; imported into Tennessee. 1st dam by Phantom; 2d dam by Overton ; 3d dam Gratitude's dam by Walnut ; 4th dam by Euler ; 5th dam Pirancanthaby Matchem ; 6th dam Prophetess by Eegulus ; 7th dam Jenny Spinner by Partner ; 8th dam by Greyhound; 9th dam Sophonisba's dam by Dyer's Dimple; 10th dam by Curwen's Bay Barb; 11th dam by D'Arcy's Chestnut Arabian ; 12th dam by Whiteshirt ; 13th dam Mon- tague mare.
V^olunteer, ch. c, foaled , by Volunteer, bred by Col. O'Kelly,
and imported by Col. Tayloe, of Virginia, along with Dungan- non. We cannot find the Whipcord mare, but find her dam. Miss Wriggle, by Blank. 1st dam by Whipcord; 2d dam by
580 THE HOESE.
Blank (Miss Wriggle) ; 3d dam by Crab ; 4th dam by Childers ; 5th dam Miss Jigg (sister to Partner) by Jigg ; Gth dam sister to Mixbury by Curwen's Bay Barb ; 7th dam by Old Spot ; 8th dam by White-legged Lowther Barb ; 9th dam Old Vintner mare.
Waltoist, b. c, foaled 1864, bred by Mr. W. Eeeves ; imported into America 1868. By Wild Deyrell: dam Alma by Flatcatcher; 2d dam Miss Gilmour by Physician ; 3d dam by Stamford ; 4th dam Lady of the Lake by Beningbrough ; 5th dam Thatchella by Highflyer ; 6tli dam by Marske; 7th dam by Eegulus; 8th dam by Steady.
Wakminstek, b. or b. c, foaled 1859, bred by ; imported by
R. W. Cameron, Esq., New York. By Newminster. 1st dam Black Bess by Ratcatcher ; 2d dam Polydora by Priam, dam of Polydore and Wrotham ; 3d dam Manto by Tiresias (dam of Cassandra) ; 4th dam by Walton ; 5th dam Young Noisette by Diomed ; 6tli dam Noisette by Squirrel ; 7th dam Carina by Marske ; 8th dam (Thunder's dam) by Blank ; 9tli dam Dizzy by Driver; 10th dam by Smiling Tom; 11th dam by Oyster- foot; 12th dam by Merlin; 13th dam by Commoner; 14th dam Coppin mare.
Whale, b. c, foaled 1830, by Whalebone, bred by Mr. Greville, and imported into Virginia, in 1835, by Merritt & Co. 1st dam Rectory by Octavius ; 2d dam Catherine by Woodpecker ; 3d dam Camilla by Trentham ; 4tli dam Coquette by the Compton Barb ; 5th dam sister to Regulus by the Godolphin Arabian ; 6tli dam Grey Robinson by the Bald Galloway ; 7th dam by Old Snake; 8th dam Old Wilkes by Old Hautboy.
Whip, b. c, foaled 1794, by Saltram, bred byMr. Durand; imported into Virginia, 1801. Died 1825. 1st dam by Herod ; 2d dam by Oroonoko ; 3d dam Creampot's dam by Cartoucli ; 4th dam Arabian mare of Sir John Seabright's.
Whikligig, b. c, foaled 1763, by Capt. , bred , and
imported by Capt. Allen into Philadelphia, Pa., in 1773. He was a successful racer, and stood in North Carolina. We can- not find this colt. 1st dam by Devonshire Blacklegs ; 2d dam by True Blue ; 3d dam by Bloody Shouldered Arabian ; 4th dam D'Arcy's Royal mare.
Whittingtox, ch. c, foaled 1743, by a brother to Whitenose, bred by the Duke of Marlborough. There has been a doubt about
LIST OF IMPOKTED STALLIONS. 581
the true pedigree of this colt. We believe this to be the true pedigree, being the only Whittington, and corresponding to him. 1st dam by Stanyan's Arabian ; 2d dam by Curwen's Bay Barb ; 3d dam by Marshall's Spot ; 4th dam by White- legged Lowther Barb ; 5th dam Old Vintner mare.
WiLDAiR, b. c, foaled 1753, by Cade, bred by Mr. Swinburne, and imported by James Delancey ; sold afterward and reshipped to England, where he was let to mares at 40 guineas each. 1st dam by Steady ; 2d dam by Partner ; 3d dam by Greyhound ; 4th dam Chestnut Layton byMakeless; 5th dam by Counsellor; Gth dam by Brimmer ; 7th dam by Place's White Turk.
William IV, b. c, foaled 1834, by Trauby, bred by Mr. Shard, and imported into America. He stood at Cincinnati Pace Course, Ohio, in 1839, at Geo. IST. Sanders & Go's. 1st dam Codicil by Smolensko ; 2d dam Legacy by Beningbrough ; 3d dam Roxana by Sir Peter Teazle ; 4th dam Tulip by Damper ; 5th dam by Eclipse; 6th dam Parity by Matchem; 7th dam Snapdragon by Snap ; 8th dam by Regulus ; 9th dam by Bartlett's Childers ; 10th dam by Honeywood's Arabian ; llth dam, dam of the two True Blues.
Wonder (called Crippled Wonder), ch. c, foaled 1794, by Phosnom- enon, bred by Lord Fitzwilliam, and imported in the fall of 1803 into Virginia. 1st dam by imp. Diomed ; 2d dam Desde- mona by Marske ; 3d dam Young Hag by Skim ; 4tli dam by Crab (Hag) ; 5th dam by Childers (Ebony) ; Gth dam Ebony by Basto; 7th dam Massey mare by Mr. Massey's Black Barb.
Wonder, b. c, foaled 1786, by Florizel, bred by Mr. Lacey. 1st dam Sackarissa by Matchem ; 2d dam Aurora by Duke of Northumberland's Golden Arabian ; 3d dam by Snip ; 4th dam by Godolphin Arabian ; 5tli dam by Bald Galloway ; 6th dam by Ancaster Turk.
Wrangler, b. c, foaled 1794, by imported Diomed, bred by Sir Charles Bunbury ; imported into Virginia, 1802. 1st dam Fleacatcher by Goldtinder ; 2d dam by Squirrel ; 3d dam by Ball ; 4th dam by Lath ; 5th dam sister to Snip by Childers ; Gth dam sister to Soreheels by Basto ; 7th dam sister to the Mixbury Galloway by Curwen's Barb ; 8tli dam by Curwen's Spot; 9th dam by White-legged Lowther Barb; 10th dam Old Vintner mare.
682 THE HOESE.
YoEKSHiRE, b. c, foaled 1834, by St. JSTicliolas, bred by Mr. Moss, and imported by R D. Sbippard, of Jefferson county, Va. ; afterward the proj;)erty of Hon. Henry Clay, and died the prop- erty of his son, John M. Clay, of Ashland, near Lexington, Ky., in 1859, age 37. 1st dam Miss Rose by T]-amp; 2d dam by Sancho ; 3d dam Blacklock's dam by Coriander ; 4tli dam Wild- goose (sister to Hyperion) by Highflyer ; 5th dam Coheiress by Pot-8-o's; 6th dam Manilla by Goldfinder; 7th dam by Old England ; 8th dam by Cullen Arabian ; 9th dam by Cade ; 10th dam Miss Makeless by Young Greyhound; 11th dam by Part- ner; 12th dam by Woodcock; 13th dam by Croft's Bay Barb ; 14th dam by Makeless; 15th dam by Brimmer; 16th dam by Dicky Pierson; 17th dam Burton Barb mare.
YouiSTG Fazzoletto, a rich blood bay, with black legs, sixteen hands high, bred and imported by A. Keene Eichards, Esq., of Scott county, Ky. ; is by Fazzoletto, son of Orlando. 1st dam Emilia by Young Emilius ; 2d dam Persian by Whisker ; 3d dam "Variety by Selim ; 4th dam Sprite by Bobtail; 5th dam Catharine by Woodpecker. Catharine was the dam of Go- lumpus, the sire of Catton that sired Trustee, and Gallopade the dam of Reel, the dam of Lecomte, Prioress and Starke ; 6th dam Camilla by Trentham ; 7th dam Coquette by the Compton Barb ; 8th dam sister to Regulus by Godolphin Arabian ; 9th dam Grey Robinson by the Bald Galloway ; 10th dam by Snake, son of Lister Turk; 11th dam Old Wilkes by Old Hautboy; 12th dam Miss D'Arcy's Pet mare; 13th dam a Royal mare.
Young Flatcatcher, called in the English Stud Book Tlie Law- yer, br. c, foaled 1856, bred by Mr. S. Cass ; purchased in 1860 by Mr. R. Wardle for Gen. S. R. Gist, South Carolina, By Flatcatcher. 1st dam Miss Gilmour by Physician ; 2d dam by Stamford ; 3d dam Lady of the Lake by Beningbrough ; 4th dam Thatchella by Highflyer; 5th dam by Marske; 6th dam by Regulus ; 7tli dam by Steady.
Y^'or^iTG Spot, ch. c, foaled , by Old Spot; imported by Mr.
Hyde, of Fredericksburgh, Va. We cannot find this colt. 1st dam by Martindale's Regulus; 2d dam by Jigg; 3d dam by Tom Jones ; 4th dam by Young Greyhound.
ZiNGANEE, b. c, foaled 1825, by Tramp, bred by Lord Exeter, and imported by Messrs, Merritt into Virginia. Died fall 1841. 1st dam Folly by Young Drone; 2d dam Regina by Moorcock;
LIST OF IMPOETED MAEES. 583
3d dam Eally by Trumpator ; 4th dam Fancy (sister to Diomed) by Florizel ; 5th dam by Spectator (sister to Juno) ; Gth dam sister to Horatius by Blank ; 7th dam by Childers ; 8th dam Miss Belvoir by Grey Grantham ; 9th dam by Paget Turk ; 10th dam Betty Percival by Leedes' Arabian; 11th dam by Spanker. ZiJ^GANEE or Peiam horse, b. c, foaled 183 G, bred by Lord Chester- field; imported into New Orleans, and purchased by Eichard Haile, Esq. By Zinganee or Priam. 1st dam Theresa Panza by Cervantes ; 2d dam Gadabout by Oi ville ; 3d dam Minstrel by Sir Peter ; 4th dam Matron by Florizel ; 5 th dam Maiden by Matchem ; 6th dam by Squirt ; 7th dam by Mogul.
LIST OF IMPORTED MARES.
AcTAEON" Maee, eh. f., foaled 1836, bred by King William IV; imported into Indiana by Col. Oakley, 1840. By Actaeon. 1st dam Ada (sister to Augusta) by Woful ; 2d dam by Rubens ; 3d dam Guildford mare by Guildford (son of Highflyer) ; 4th dam Vulture's dam by Justice ; 5tli dam Parsley by Pot-8-o's ; Gth dam Lady Bolinbroke by Squirrel ; 7th dam Herod's dam.
AcTEESS, ch. f., foaled 1836, bred by His Majesty William IV ; im- ported by Col. Wade Hampton, South Carolina. By The Col- onel. 1st dam Miss Clifton by Partizan ; 2d dam Isis by Sir Peter; 3d dam Ibis by Woodpecker; 4th dam Isabella by Eclipse ; 5th dam by Squirrel ; Gth dam Ancaster Nancy by Blank ; 7th dam Phoebe by Tortoise ; 8th dam by Looby ; 9tli dam by Partner, etc.
Adana, ch. f, foaled 1832, bred by Mr. Yates; imported by E. H. Boardman, Esq., Alabama. By Sultan. 1st dam Eachel by Whalebone ; 2d dam Moses' dam by Gohanna ; 3d dam Grey Skim by Woodpecker ; 4tli dam Silver's dam by Herod ; 5th dam Young Hag by Skim ; Gth dam Hag by Crab ; 7th dam Ebony by Childers ; 8th dam Old Ebony by Basto ; 9th dam Massey mare by Massey's Black Barb.
Adela (The Colonel's Daughter), b. f., foaled 1839 ; imported by L. J. Polk, Esq., Tennessee. By The Colonel : dam imp. Vari- ella by Blacklock. (See imp. Variella.)
584 THE HOKSE.
Adeiana, b. f., foaled 1836, bred by Mr. Kidsdale ; imported into South Carolina by Col. Singleton. By Mulatto. 1st dam Oc- tavia by Walton ; 2d dam Marcia by Coriander ; 3d dam Faith by Pacolet ; 4th dam Atalanta by Matchem ; 5th dam Lass of the Mill by Oroonoko, etc.
Alakm, b. f., foaled 1820, bred by Lord Grosvenor ; imported by C. H. Hall, New York, 28th July, 1824. By Thunderbolt. 1st dam Zadora by Trafalgar ; 2d dam Nike by Alexander ; 3d dam Nimble by Florizel ; 4th dam Eantipole by Blank ; otli dam sister to Careless by Eegulus; 6th dam Silvertail by Heneage's Whitenose ; 7th dam by Eattle, etc., etc., etc.
Albertazzi (called Fuga) ch. f., bred by Mr. Petit ; imported by E. H. Boardman, Esq., Huntsville, Ala., 1837. By Partizan. 1st dam Bravura by Outcry; 2d dam Prodigious by Caleb Quotem ; 3d dam Fair Forester by Alexander ; 4th dam by Sir Peter; 5th dam Maid of Ely by Tandem; 6th dam Harlot's dam by Herod ; 7th dam by Young Cade.
Alexandria, f., foaled 1796, bred by Mr. Kidd; imported by Col. John Hoomes, Bowling Green, Va. By Alexander (son of Eclipse). She cannot be found in Weatherby; the pedigree is unquestionably correct. — S. D. B. 1st dam by Woodpecker ; 2d dam by Phlegon ; 3d dam by Highflyer, Lord Egremont's High- flyer mare.
Alfred Mare, ch. f., foaled 1767, bred by Mr. Curzon ; imported by Col. Chas. Mayle, Norfolk, Va., before the Eevolution. By Alfred. 1st dam by Cade ; 2d dam by Lister's Squirrel ; 3d dam by Mixbury ; 4th dam by Terror ; 5th dam by Hutton's Bay Barb ; 6th dam Natural Barb mare.
Alfred Mare, ch. f., foaled about 1780; imported into Virginia by Edward Carter, Esq. By Alfred (brother to Conductor and Dictator), 1st dam by Squirt ; 2d dam by Crab.
Allegrante, b. f., bred and owned by Gov. Jas. Barbour, Virginia ; presented to Hon. H. Clay. By imported Young Trufile. First dam imported Phantomia by Phantom (which see).
Amanda, b. f., foaled 1828, bred by Duke of Grafton ; imported by E. H. Boardman, Esq., near Huntsville, Alabama. By Morisco (son of Muley). 1st dam Mantua by Woful ; 2d dam Miltonia by Patriot ; 3d dam Miss Muston by King Fergus ; 4th dam Columbine by Espersykes ; 5th dam by Babraham Blank ; 6th
LIST OF IMPOETED MAKES. 585
dam Tipsy by Starling; 7tli.dam Switch by Lonsdale Arabian ; 8th dam by Cyprus Arabian ; 9th dam Crab's dam.
Amazoist, b. f., foaled 1836, bred by Sir T. Stanley ; imported into Alabama; ran in the name of D. Stephenson, Esq. By Bird- catcher, 1st dam by Eubens ; 2d dam Hipped mare by Meteor ; 3d dam Petrowna by Sir Peter ; 4th dam Georgiana by Sweet- briar ; 5th dam Capella by Herod ; 6tli dam Miss Cape by Eeg- ulus ; 7th dam Eouth's Blackeyes by Crab ; 8th dam Warlock Galloway by Snake.
Amazojst, b. f., foaled 1859, by King Tom, bred by Sir Kobert Peel ; imported by Messrs. Dudley & Bruce, agents of the Kentucky Importing Company. Property of M. T. Armant, Lexington, Ky. 1st dam Buzz by MuleyMuloch; 2d dam Scandal by Selim; 3d dam by Haphazard; 4th dam by Precipitate; 5th dam Colibri by Wooclpecker ; 6th dam Camilla by Trentham ; 7th dam Coquette by the Compton Barb ; 8th dam sister to Piegulus by Godolplim Arabian ; 9th dam Grey Robinson by the Bald Galloway; lOtli dam by Snake (sister to Country Wench); 11th dam Grey Wilkes by Hautboy; 12th dam Miss D'Arcy's Pet mare ; 13th dam Sedbury Eoyal mare.
Amina, b. f., foaled 1832, bred by Mr. Gardner ; imported by E. H. Boardman, Esq., HuntsYille, Ala. By Gaberlunzie. 1st dam Luna by Wanderer ; 2d dam by Canopus ; 3d dam by Teddy the Grinder ; 4th dam by Precipitate ; 5th dam by Pumpkin ; 6th dam Flea Catcher by Goldfinder ; 7tli dam by Squirrel ; 8th dam by Ball, etc.
AMrKATH Maee, ch. f., foaled 1842, bred by ; imported by
Messrs. Cammack & Co., New Orleans. By Amurath (son of Langar). 1st dam by Champion; 2d dam by Cestrian ; 3d dam Paulina by Orville; 4th dam by Shuttle; 5th dam Hopeful by Sir Peter ; 6th dam Play or Pay's dam by Herod.
Amueath Maee, ch. f., foaled 1842, bred by ; imported by
Messrs. Cammack & Co., New Orleans, La. By Amurath. 1st dam by Recovery (foaled 1836) ; 2d dam The Nun by Black- lock; 3d dam by Whisker ; 4th dam by Orville ; 5th dam Otter- ington's dam by Golnmpus; 6th dam by Expectation; 7th dam Calabria by Spadille ; 8th dam Grog's dam by Alfred, etc.
Anna Maeia, ch. f , foaled 1829, bred by ; imported by
Gov. Jas. Barbour, with her dam Phantomia. By English Truffle. (See imported Phantomia.) 1st dam Phantomia by
586 THE HOESE.
Phantom; 2d. dam by Walton; 3d dam Allegranti by Pegasus; 4th dam Orange Squeezer by Highflyer ; 5th dam Mop Squeezer by Matchem.
Antigua, b. f., foaled 1839; imported in her mother's belly by Thos. Flintofi", Esq., Tennessee. By English Sheet Anchor: dam imp. Titsey by Langar. (See imp. Titsey.)
Anvilika, b. £, foaled 1794 or '6, bred by Mr. 0. Kelly, and pre- sented by him to Col. Tayloe, of Virginia. (Sold to Col. Alston, S. C.) Died November, 1812. By Anvil. 1st dam Augusta by Eclipse ; 2d dam Hardwicke's dam by Herod ; 3d dam by Bajazet ; 4th dam by Eegulus ; 5th dam by Lonsdale Arabian ; 6th dam by Bay Bolton ; 7th dam by Parley's Arabian.
ARABiAisr Mare, foaled , bred by ; imported by .
By Panton Arabian. 1st dam by the Godolphin Arabian ; 2d dam by Snap ; 3d dam the Widdrington mare by Partner ; 4th dam by Bloody Buttocks ; 5th dam by Greyhound ; 6th dam by Makeless ; 7tli dam by Brimmer ; 8th dam by Place's White Turk; 9th dam by Dodsworth; 10th dam Lay ton Barb mare.
Arkica, br. f., foaled 1862, bred by Capt. Skipworth ; imported into Canada, 1868; covered by Lord Clifden. By Cheddington: dam Tuteliua by The Cure ; 2d dam Telltale by The Nob ; 3d dam Premature by Touchstone ; 4th dam Frederica by Moses ; 5th dam sister to Eomana by Gohanna ; 6th dam by Sir Peter ; 7th dam Nerissa by Volunteer ; 8th dam by Herod ; 9th dam by Cygnet; 10th dam by Cartouch ; 11th dam Ebony by Chil- ders ; 12tli dam Old Ebony by Basto ; 13th dam Massey mare by his Black Barb.
Attractioi^, b. f., foaled 1861, bred by Mr. Johnstone ; imported into Nova Scotia, 1865 ; covered by Diophantus. By New- minster: dam Helen Faucit by.Telemachus; 2d dam Rebecca by Lottery ; 3d dam by Cervantes ; 4th dam Anticipation by Beningbrough. (For balance of pedigree see Polenta.)
Augustus Mare, foaled 1837, bred by Mr. Sowerby; imported by
. By Augustus. 1st dam Toso by Eainbow ; 2d dam
Brown Duchess by Orville; 3d dam Sagana by Sorcerer; 4th dam by Woodpecker ; 5th dam Gohanna's dam by Herod ; 6tli dam Maiden by Matchem.
Aurelia, b. £, foaled 1794, bred by Mr. 0. Kelly. By Anvil: dam Augusta by Eclipse. (See Anvehna.)
LIST OF IMPORTED MAEES. 587
Au Eevoir, called Belle Boyd in England, ch. f., foaled 18G4, bred by Mr. E. C. !N"aylor ; imported and owned by E. W. Cameron, Esq, Clifton Stud Farm, Staten Island, N. Y. By Longbow. 1st dam Heroine by ISTeasbam ; 2d dam the Maid of Saragossa by Jereed ; 3d dam (sister to Ainderby) by Velocipede ; 4tli dam Kate by Catton ; 5th dam Miss Garforth by Walton ; 6th dam by Hyacinthns ; T'th dam Zara by Delpini ; 8tli dam Flora by King Fergus; 9th dam Atalauta by Matchem; lOtli dam Lass of the Mill by Oroonoko; 11th dam sister to Clark's Lass of the Mill by Old Traveler; 12th dam Miss Makeless by Young Greyhound; 13th dam by Old Partner; 14tli dam (dam of Lambton Miss Doe) by Woodcock; loth dam by Crofts' Bay Barb; 16th dam (Desdemona's dam) by Makeless; 17th dam by Brimmer ; 18th dam by Dicky Pierson (son of Dodsworth) ; 19th dam Burton Barb mare — stinted to Honiton (son of Stockwell out of Flax) by Surplice.
Babeaham, f., foaled ; imported into the United States by
. By Babraham. 1st dam by Old Starling; 2d dam by
Bethell's Arabian ; 3d dam by Graham's Champion ; 4th dam hj Darley's Arabian ; 5tli dam by Old Merlin.
Babta, b. f., bred by Sn- J. B. Mill, foaled 1858, by Kingston; im- ported by E. W. Cameron, Esq., New York. 1st dam Alice Lowe by Defence ; 2d dam Pet by Gainsborough, dam of Pert, Petulant and Passion ; 3d dam by Topsy-Turvy ; 4th dam Agnes by Shuttle ; 5th dam by Highflyer ; 6th dam by Gold- finder; 7th dam Lady Bolingbroke by Squirrel; 8th dam Herod's dam Cjqn-on by Blaze ; 9th dam Selina by Bethell's Arabian ; 10th dam by Graham's Champion ; 11th dam l^y Darley's Arabian ; 12tli dam by ]\Ierlin.
Bajazet Mare, bred by Mr. Wildeman ; owned in L^nited States by Abm. Barnes, Esq., Maryland. By Bajazet. 1st dam by Babraham ; 2d dam by Sedbury ; 3d dam Ebony by Childers ; 4th dam Ebony by Basto ; 5th dam by Massey's Black Barb.
Barbaeitt, b. f., foaled 1854, bred by Mr. Brashaw; imported into United States in 1859; owned by F. Morris, Esq. By Simoon. 1st dam by Buzzard ; 2d dam Donna Maria by Bar- tizan ; 3d dam Donna Clara by Cesario ; 4th dam Nimble by Florizel ; 5th dam Eantipole by Blank ; 6t]i dam Joan by Eeg- ulus; 7th dam Silvertail by Heneage's Whitenose; 8th dam by Eattle ; 9th dam by Darley's Arabian.
588 THE HORSE.
Bashful, b. f., foaled 1831, bred by Lord Oxford; imported by
. By St. Patrick. 1st dam Spavina by Orville ; 2d dam
Miraudola by Haphazard; 3d dam Allegretta by Trumpator; 4th dam Young Camilla by Woodpecker ; 5th dam Camilla by Trentham ; 6th dam Coquette by the Compton Barb ; 7th dam sister to Eegulas by Godolphin Arabian.
Battledore Mare, ch. £, foaled 1835, bred by Sir T. Stanley; im- ported by E. H. Boardman, Esq., Huntsville, Ala. By Battledore. 1st dam Mima by General Miua ; 2d dam Maid of Lord by Cas- trel ; 3d dam by Eichardson's Marske ; 4th dam by Eocking- ham ; 5th dam Butterfly by Eclipse, etc.
Bat Maltoit Mare, foaled (it is said) in 1837, bred by
imported by J. Maxwell, South Carolina. By Bay Malton. 1st dam by Whisker ; 2d dam I'm Sure He Shan't by Coriclauus ; 3d dam Warrior's dam by Young Marske ; 4th dam by Matcliem ; 5th dam by Tarquin ; Gth dam Antelope's sister by Young Bel- grade.
Beautiful Star, ch. f., foaled 1865, bred by Mr. J. Watson; im- ported by Mr. A. Belmont, New York, 1868. Covered by Adamas by Weatherbit: dam Mrs. Dodds by Irish Birdcatcher; 2d dam Sophistry by Voltair ; 3d dam Wagtail by Whisker ; 4th dam by Sorcerer ; 5th dam by Sir Solomon ; 6th dam by Young Marske ; 7tli dam Phoenomenon ; 8th dam Calliope by Slouch ; 9th dam Lass of the Mill by Oroonoko ; 10th dam by Traveler ; 11th dam Miss Makeless by Young Greyhound. Balance same as Fluke (which see).
Belzoni Eillt, ch. f., foaled 1837, in the United States ; owned by E. H. Boardman, near Huntsville, Ala. By Belzoni (brother to Belshazzar). Dam Amanda by Morisco. (See Amanda.)
Bernice, ch. f., foaled 1858, bred by Mr. I' Anson. By Stockwell. Imported by Mr. A. Belmont, New York. 1st dam Braxey by Moss Trooper ; 2d dam Queen Mary (dam of Balrownie, Bonnie Scotland, Blooming Heather, Blink Bonny, etc., by Gladiator) ; 3d dam l)y Plenipotentiary ; 4th dam ]\Iyrrha by Whalebone ; 5th dam Gift by Young Gohanna ; 6th dam (sister to Grazier) by Sir Peter ; 7th dam (sister to Aimator) by Trumpator ; 8th dam (sister to Postmaster) by Herod ; 9th dam by Snap ; 10th dam by Gower stallion; 11th dam by Childers — stinted to Thormanby.
LIST OF IMPOETED MARES. 589
Berwickshiee Lass, cli. f., foaled 1818 ; owned by Benejah Gibb, Montreal, Canada. By Competitor (last living son of Eng. Eclipse). 1st dam by Star; 2d dam by Paymaster; 3d dam by Le Sang; 4th dam by Eib; 5th dam (grandam of Eclipse) Mother Western by Smith's son of Snake ; 6th dam by Lord D'Arcy's Old Montague ; 7th dam by Hautboy ; 8tli dam by Brimmer.
Betty Blazella, by Eng. Blaze, dam Jenny Cameron (which see); imported with her dam by Col. J. Tayloe, Sr., of Vir- ginia.
BiEDCATCHER Mare, foaled 1836, bred by Mr. C. Stanly ; imported
by . By Birdcatcher. 1st dam by Phantom ; 2d dam
Breeze by Soothsayer ; 3d dam Blowing by Buzzard ; 4th dam Pot-8-o's; 5th dam Maid of All Work by Highflyer ; 6th dam sister to Tandem by Syphon.
Birdcatcher Mare, b. f., foaled 1837, bred by Sir T. Stanley, by Birdcatcher (by St. Patrick out of Pickpocket's dam) ; imported into South Carolina by Messrs. Elliott, Condy & Daws. 1st dam by Eubens ; 2d dam Hipped Mare by Meteor ; 3d dam Petrowna by Sir Peter; 4th dam Georgiana by Sweetbriar; 5th dam Capella by Herod; 6th dam Miss Cape by Eegulus; 7th dam Blackeyes by Crab ; 8th dam Warlock Galloway by Snake.
Black Bess, bl. f., foaled 1833, bred by Mr. Beardsworth ; imported by Thos. Alderson, Esq., Nashville, Tenn. By Belzoni. 1st dam Livonia bySmolensko; 2d dam Stella by L' Orient; 3d dam by Euler ; 4th dam Magdalena by Highflyer ; 5th dam by Matchem ; 6th dam sister to Dainty Davy by Old Traveler ; 7th dam Slighted by all by Fox Cub; 8th dam Slighted by Jigg; 9th dam Matchem's grandam.
Blacklock Mare, , foaled 1835, bred by Mr. Wliite ; imported
by A. D. Shepard, Esq., into Louisiana, owned by Messrs. Eou- zan & Duplantier. By Young Blacklock. 1st dam Spermaceti by Sligo Waxy ; 2d dam Miss Cogden by Phoenomenon ; 3d dam Miss Cogden by Young Marske ; 4th dam Miss Cogden by Sil- vio ; 5th dam Daphne by Eegulus, etc., etc.
Blossom, f , foaled ; imported by Gen. Thos. ^TsTelson, of York- town, Va. By Old Sloe (son of Crab) ; dam by Eegulus. i31os- som cannot be found in English Stud Book ; the pedigree is doubtless correct. — S. D. B.
590 THE HORSE.
BoLETAS, b. f., foaled 1832, bred by Mr. J. Day; imported into Virginia by W. B. Stott, Esq., Petersburgli. By Fungns. 1st dam Zelinda by Eubens; 2d dam Zuleika by Gohanna; 3d dam Trinidada by Young Woodpecker ; 4tli dam Platina by Mercury ; 5th dam by Herod ; 6th dam Young Hag by Skim ; 7th dam Hag by Crab ; 8th dam El)ony by Cliilders ; 9th dam Old Ebony sister to Brown Betty by Basto.
BoNKY Lass, b. f., foaled 1723, bred by Duke of Bolton; imported
by . By Bay Bolton. 1st dam Darlcy Arabian ; 2d
dam by Byerly Turk ; 3d dam by Taffolet Barb ; 4th dam by Place's White Turk ; 5tli dam Natural Barl) mare. The mare does not again appear in the English Stud Book, and must have been imported when 17 or 18 years old. She produced in United States Young Bonny Lass by imported Jolly Roger. Another report makes her by Blank. This is the true pedi- gree. 1st dam Bonny Lass by Snip; 2d dam by Lath; 3d dam (Shock's dam) by Snake ; 4th dam Grey Wilkes by Hautboy ; 5tli • dam Miss D'Arcy's Pet mare; Cth dam a Sedbury Royal mare.
Brilliant Mare, bred in England ; imported into Virginia by Mr. Eenwick. Cannot be identified in English Stud Book. By Brilliant. 1st dam by Tartar; 2d dam by Devonshire Childers ; 3d dam Bushy Molly by eh. Litton Arabian ; 4th dam Farmer Mane by White Barb Chillaby's King William's ; 5th dam by Byerly Turk ; Cth dam by Spanker.
Britanjs'IA, b. f., foaled 1800, in A^irginia, bred and owned by Col. Tayloe, Virginia. By Pegasus, in England. Eirst dam im- ported Peggy by Trumpator. (See Peggy.)
BRiTAiTisriA, br. f., foaled 1834, bred by Mr. Nowell ; imported and run with success by Capt. W. J. Minor, Natchez, Miss. By Muley. 1st dam Nancy (the dam of Muley Moloch) by Dick Andrews; 2d dam Spitfire by Benningbrough ; 3d dam by Young Sir Peter (son of Doge) ; 4th dam by Engineer ; 5tli dam by Wilson's Arabian ; 6tli dam by Button's Spot.
Britankia, b. f , foaled 1836, bred by King William IV ; imported by Col. Wade Hampton, of South Carolina; owned by Messrs. Irby and Fair. By Acta3on. 1st dam Scandal by Selim ; 2d dam by Haphazard ; 3d dam by Precipitate ; 4th dam Colebri by Woodpecker ; 5th dam Camilla by Trentham ; Cth dam Coquette by the Compton Barb ; 7th dam sister to Regulus by the Godolphin Arabian.
LIST OF IMPOETED MAEES. 591
BEiTAjsrmA 4th, br., foaled 1859; imported by Kentucky Im- porting Company. By Flying Dutcbman. (Flying Dutch- man by Bay Middleton ; dam Barbelle, by Sandbeck. Bred l)y John Osborne, at Leyburn, Yorkshire.) Owned by E. A. Alex- ander, Kentucky. 1st dam Barbata by the Bard: 2d dam Vitula by Voltaire ; 3d dam by Lottery ; 4th dam "Wagtail l)y Prime Minister ; 5tli dam by Orville ; 6tli dam Miss Grimstone by Weasel; 7tli dam by Ancaster; 8th dam by Damascus Arabian ; 9th dam by Sampson; lOtli dam by Oroonoko ; 11th dam Sophia (sister to Mirza) by Godolphin Arabian; 12th dam by Hobgoblin; 13th dam by Whitefoot; 14th dam Leeds; 15th dam Moonah (Barb mare).
Beitannia, b. f., foaled 1831, bred by Mr. Beardsworth ; imported by W. Wallace Cook, Esq., Philadelphia, Pa. By Lottery. 1st dam Novice by Young Filho-da-Puta ; 2d dam by Walton ; 3d dam Two Shoes by Asparagus ; 4tli dam by Mercury ; 5th dam by Highflyer ; 6th dam l)y Snap ; 7th dam Miss Middleton by Eegulus; 8th dam Camilla by son of Bay Bolton; 9th dam by Bartlett's Childers; 10th dam by Honeywood's Arabian; 11th dam of the two True Blues.
BusiEis Maee, foaled , bred by ; imported 1790, and
owned by Oen. John McPherson, South Carolina. By Busiris. 1st dam by Bajazet ; 2d dam by The King of England's Barb ; 3d dam by Hampton Court Childers ; 4tli dam by the Chestnut Arabian.
BtJSTAED Maee, b. f., foaled 1827, bred by Mr. Nowell; imported into Canada by H. P. Simmons, Esq., Ancaster, IT. C. By Bustard. 1st dam Bequest by Election ; 2d dam Legacy by Benningbrough ; 3d dam Eoxana by Sir Peter ; 4th dam Tulip by Damper ; 5th dam l3y Eclipse ; 6th dam Earity by Matchem ; 7th dam Snapdragon by Snap ; 8th dam by Eegulus; 9th dam by Bartlett's Childers ; 10th dam by Honeywood's Arabian ; 11th dam of the True Blues.
Bustle, f., foaled 1827, bred by Lord Egremont; imported by Dr. A, T. B. Merritt, Virginia, 1836, in foal to English Glaucus. By Whalebone. 1st dam The Odd Trick by Quiz ; 2d dam Grey Duchess by Pot-8-o's ; 3d dam Duchess by Herod ; 4th dam Gaudy by Blank ; 5th dam Blossom by Crab ; 6th dam by Cliilders ; 7th dam Miss Belvoir by Grey Grantham.
692 THE HOESE.
Caieis'-goem, b. £, foaled 1859, by Cotherstone; bred by Eai-l Spencer, and imported by Kentucky Importing Company. Cotherstone by Touchstone, dam Emma by Whisker. Owned by E. A. Alexander, Esq. 1st dam Glenluce (Harlestone's dam) by Slane ; 3d dam Glencairne (sister to Glencoe) by Sultan ; 3d dam Trampoline by Tramp ; 4th dam Web by Waxy ; 5th dam Penelope by Trurapator; Gth dam Prunella by Highflyer; 7tli dam Promise by Snap ; 8th dam Julia by Blank ; 9th dam Spectator's dam by Partner; lOtli dam Bonny Lass by Bay Bolton ; lltli dam by Barley's Arabian ; 12th dam by Byerly Turk; 13th dam by Taffolet Barb; 14th dam by Place's White Turk; 15th dam a natural Barb mare.
Caledonia Beander, b. f., foaled 1834, bred by ; imported
into Virginia by W. H. E. Merritt, Esq. by Longwaiste, dam by Orville. She ran in America.
Calista Bted's, b. f., foaled 1765, bred by Mr. Grieswood ; im- ported by Col. Byrd, of Westover county, Va. By Forester. 1st dam by Crab ; 2d dam by Hobgoblin ; 3d dam Bajazet by Whitefoot ; 4th dam by Leedes ; 5th dam Moonah Barb mare.
Camelita, br. f., bred by Mr. Nowell, foaled 1834; imported by the Messrs. Corbin, of Virginia. By Bustard. 1st dam Cam- elina (sister to Camel) by Whalebone ; 2d dam by Selim ; 3d dam Maiden by Sir Peter ; 4th dam by Phoenomenon ; 5th dam Matron by Florizel ; 6th dam Maiden by Matchem ; 7th dam by Squirt ; 8th dam Lot by Mogul ; 9th dam Camilla by Bay Bolton, etc.
Camel Maee, br. f., foaled 1835, bred by King William IV ; im- ported. By Camel. 1st dam Codicil by Smolensko ; 2d dam Legacy by Benningbrough ; 3d dam Koxana by Sir Peter Teazle ; 4th dam Tulip by Damper ; 5th dam by Eclipse ; Gth dam Parity by Matchem, etc.
Camel Maee, br. f., foaled 1837, bred by E. H. Boardman, Esq., near Huntsville, Ala. By Camel (in England) ; dam Miranda by Woful. (See Miranda).
Camilla, b. f, foaled 1864, bred by Baron Rothschild; imported by Mr. A. Belmont. By Kmg Tom. 1st dam Agnes by Pan- taloon; 2d dam Black Agnes by Velocipede; 3d dam by Walton; 4th dam Young Noisette byDiomed; 5th dam Noi- sette by Squirrel ; 6th dam Carina by Marske ; 7tli dam by Blank ; 8th dam Ancaster Dizzy by Driver ; 9th dam by Fmil-
LIST OF IMPOETED MAEES. 593
ing Tom; lOtli dam by Oysterfoot; lltli clam by Merlin; 12th dam by Commoner ; 13th dam Coppin mare. Stinted to North Lincohi.
Capeice, b. f., foaled 1833, bred by Mr. Nowell ; imported by Messrs. Corbin, of Virginia. By Mnley. 1st dam Young Caprice by Waxy ; 2d dam Caprice by Walton ; 3d dam Vanity by Buzzard ; 4tli dam Dabchick by Pot-8-o's ; 5th dam Drab by Highflyer ; 6th dam Hebe by Chrysolite ; 7th dam Proser- pine sister to Eclipse by Marske.
Casemate, ch. f, bred by Mr. Samuel Smith, foaled 18G0; im- ported by E. W. Cameron, Esq., New York. By Chatham. 1st dam Photograph by Woodpigeon (dam of Eanee Agneta and Robert Macaire) ; 2d dam Camera Obscura (dam of Lens, Cali- ban, Nutjobber and Ombra) by Elis; 3d dam Diversity by Muley ; 4th dam Johanna Southcote by Benningbrough (dam of Vicissitude) ; 5th dam Lavinia by Pipator ; Gtli dam by Highflyer (dam of Dick and Jack Andrews) ; 7th dam Cardinal Puflf ; 8th dam Tatler ; 9tli dam Snip ; 10th dam Godolphin Arabian; 11th dam Frampton's Whiteneck; 12th dam Pelham Barb. (In foal to Claret.)
Cassandra, b. £, foaled 1754, bred by Lord Portmore ; imported into Virginia by Col. John Baylor, it is believed. By White- nose. Isfc dam Blackleg's mare by Devonshire Blacklegs; 2d dam, dam of Humbertson's Stump by the Holderness Turk; 3d dam by Snake ; 4tli dam by Diamond.
Castianiea, br. f., bred by Mr. Popham, foaled 1796; imported and owned by Col. John Taylor. By Rockingham. 1st dam Tabitha by Trentham ; 2d dam by Bosphorus ; 3d dam sister to Grecian Princess by Forester ; 4th dam by Coalition Colt ; oth dam by Bustard ; 6th dam Ld. Leigh's Charming Molly by Second ; 7th dam Hanger's br. mare by Stauyan Arabian ; 8th dam Gipsey l^y King William's No-tongued Barb ; 9th dam by Makeless; 10th dam by Royal mare.
CATALAifi, bl. f, foaled 1838, bred by Mr. R. Kitching; imported by D. D. Campbell, Esq., New York. By Muley Moloch. 1st dam Catalan! by Tiger ; 2d dam Wilna by Smolensko ; 3d dam Morgiana by Coriander ; 4th dam Fairy by Highflyer ; 5th dam Fairy Queen by Young Cade ; 6th dam Routh's Blackeyes by Crab ; 7th dam Warlock GalloAvay by Snake, etc. Vol. L— 38
594 THE HOESE.
Catchflt, bl. f., foaled 1850, bred by Major Yarbrough ; imported into United States in 1857. By Picaroon. Dam Brandy Snap by Muley Moloch. (See Lucious.)
Cattoi^ Mare, f., foaled 1818, bred by Mr. Milner ; sent to United States 1832 ; covered by Waverly. By Catton. 1st dam Hannah by Sorcerer ; 2d dam Amelia by Highflyer ; 3d dam Miss Tunis by Matchem ; 4tli dam by Squirt ; 5 th dam Lot's dam by Mogul ; Gth dam Camilla by Bay Bolton ; 7th dam Old Lady by Pullein's chestnut Arabian ; 8th dam by Eockwood ; 9th dam by Bustler.
CATTOisr Mare, ch. f., foaled 1821, bred by Mr. Moss ; imported by E. D. Shepherd, Virginia; covered by Columbus. By Catton. 1st dam Kilnocky's dam by Sancho ; 2d dam Blacklock's dam by Coriander; 3d dam Wildgoose by Highflyer; 4th dam Coheiress by Pot-8-o's ; 5th dam Manilla by Goldfinder ; 6th dam Mr. Goodricke's Old England mare by Old England.
OATTOisr Mare, foaled 1823, bred by Mr. Humphries; imported by Ad. Sir Isaac CofSn, Bart., into Boston, Mass. By Catton. 1st dam Miss Haworth by Spadille; 2d dam by Clayhall Marske; 3d dam by Herod; 4th dam by Goldfinder; 5th dam by Compton Barb ; 6th dam Vanessa by Eegulus ; 7th dam by Fox ; 8th dam by Bloody Shouldered Arabian ; 9th dam by Basset Arabian ; 10th dam Arabian mare.
Catton Mare, b. f., foaled 1831, bred by Lord Scarl^orough ; im- ported by J. L. Lewis, New Orleans, La. ; in foal to Voltair. By Catton. 1st dam Melrose by Pilgarlic; 2d dam by Whisker; 3d dam by Orville; 4tli dam Otterington's dam by Expectation; 5th dam Calabria by Spadille ; Gth dam Grog's dam by Alfred ; 7th dam by Locust ; 8tli dam by Changeling ; 9tli dam by Cade, etc., etc.
Centaur Mare, b. f., foaled 1826, bred by Mr. J. Shelly ; imported in 1831 and lost on the passage. By Centaur. 1st dam hj Sorcerer ; 2d dam Tawny by Mentor ; 3d dam Jemima by Sat- ellite ; 4th dam Waxy's dam by Herod.
Champion Mare, ch. f., foaled 1832, bred by Mr. James Lea ; im- ported by Messrs. Cammack & Co. into New Orleans, La., No- vember, 1842. Sold to Gen. J. L. Lewis and Charles Clai- bourne. By Champion (son of Selim). 1st dam by Cestrian ; 2d dam Paulina by Orville ; 3d dam by Shuttle ; 4th dam by Sir Peter ; 5th dam by Herod.
LIST OF IMPORTED MARES. 595
CnAKCE, cli. f., foaled 1832, bred by Mr. Marson; imported by E. H. Boardman, Esq., Huutsville, Ala. By Patron (sou of Partizan). 1st dam Ramona by Whisker ; 2d dam Lady Cram- feazer by Stamford; od dam Miss Barnet by Waxy; 4tli dam by Woodpecker; 5tli dam Hcinel by Squirrel ; 6tli dam Principessa by Blank; 7th dam by the C alien Arabian; 8th dam Gries- wood's Lady Thigh by Partner.
Chahce Mare, b. f., foaled 1812, bred by Mr. Dnncombe; im- ported into Virginia. Owned by Messrs. W. H. E. and Dr. A. T. B. Merritt, Hicksford, Ya. By Chance. 1st dam Jemima by Phoenomenon; 2.d dam Eyebright by Matchem; 3d dam by Snap ; 4th dam by Cullen Arabian ; 5tli dam Lady Thigh by Crofts' Partner ; 6th dam by Greyhound ; 7t]i dam Sophonisba's dam byCurwen Bay Barb; 8th dam by Lord D'Arcy's chestnut Arabian; 9th dam Whiteshirt; 10th dam Old Montague mare.
Charlotte, b. f , foaled about 1792, bred by Mr. Hardy ; imported by Mr. Harford. By Snap (son of Old Snap). 1st dam by Lightfoot (son of Old Cade) ; 2d dam by Eegulus ; 3d dam by Old Cade ; 4th dam by Partner.
Chateau, b. f , foaled 1835, bred by Mr. Tattersall ; imported into South Carolina by Col. R. Singleton, who trained and ran her with some success. By Chateau Margaux. 1st dam Cuirass by Oiseau ; 2d dam Castanea by Gohanna; 3d dam Grey Skim by Woodpecker; 4th dam by Herod; 5th dam Young Hag by Skim ; 6th dam Hag by Crab ; 7th dam Ebony by Childers ; 8th dam Ebony by Basto.
Cheap, b. f., foaled 1838, bred by Capt. G. Bulkely; imported by Col. Singleton, South Carolina. By Glaucus. 1st dam Christobel by Woful ; 2d dam Harriet by Pericles; 3d dam by Selim; 4th dam Pipylina by Sir Peter; 5th dam Pally by Trumpator ; 6th dam Fancy (sister to Diomed) by Florizel ; 7tli dam by Spectator ; 8th dam by Blank ; 9tli dam by Chil- ders; 10th dam Miss Bel voir by Grey Grantham.
Childers Mare, foaled , bred by ; imported into Vir- ginia, 1748, by Geo. McNaught. By Bartlett's Childers. 1st dam by Godolphin Arabian ; 2d dam by Byerly Turk; 3d dam by Taffolet Barb ; 4th dam by Place's White Turk.
CiciLY JopsOi^j", see Weatherbit Mare, p. 652. Cinderella, br. f, foaled 1801, bred by Mr. Harris; imported by Gen. McPherson, South Carolina. By Sir Peter. 1st dam
596 THE nOESE.
Vivaldi by Mercury; 2d dam Cytlierea by Herod; 3d dam Lilly by Blank ; 4th dam Peggy by Cade; 5th dam sister to the Widdrington mare by Crofts' Partner ; Gth dam Bay Bloody Buttocks by Bloody Buttocks ; 7th dam by Greyhound; 81 h dam by Makeless ; 9th dam by Brimmer ; 10th dam by Place's White Turk; 11th dam byDodsworth; 12th dam by Layton Barl3 mare.
Cinderella, br. t, foaled 1803, bred by ; imported and
oAvned by Gen. McPherson, South Carolina. By Sir Peter Teazle. 1st dam by Woodj^ecker ; 2d dam by Sweetbriar ; 3d dam by Buzzard's dam Misfortune by Dux ; 4th dam Curiosity by Snap ; 5th dam by Eegulus ; Gth dam by Bartlett's Chil- ders ; 7th dam by Honeywood's Arabian ; 8th dam True Blues.
Cliftok Lass, b. f., foaled 1859, by The Cure, bred by John Os- borne, Leyburn, Yorkshire; imported 1860, by Messrs. Dudley & Bruce, agents of the Kentucky Importing Company. The property of E. A. Alexander, Woodford county, Ky. 1st dam Maid of Clifton by Touchstone ; 2d dam Barba by Lanercost ; 3d dam Cora by Belshazzar ; 4th dam Fanchon (sister to Lap- dog) by Whalebone; 5tli dam by Canopus; Gth dam by Young Woodpecker; 7th dam Fractious by Mercury; 8th dam by Woodpecker ; 9th dam Everlasting (Skyscraper dam) by Eclipse ; 10th dam Hyasna by Snap ; lltli dam Miss Bclsea by Eegu- lus ; 12th dam by Bartlett's Childers ; 13th dam by Honewood's Arabian ; 14th dam Byerly mare, dam of the tvi^o True Blues.
Clink, ch. f., foaled 1835, bred by Mr. Allen ; imported by James Jackson, Esq., Huntsville, Ala. By Humphrey Clinker. 1st dam Lady Newton by Oiseau ; 2d dam by Haphazard ; 3d dam by Stamford ; 4th dam Alexina by King Fergus ; 5th dam Lardella by Young Marske ; Gth dam by Cade ; 7th dam of Beaufremont by brother to Fearnought ; 8th dam Miss Wind- ham by Windhxam ; 9th dam by Belgrade Turk ; 10th dam Old Scarborough mare by Makeless; 11th dam by Brimmer.
CoLrMBiNE, gr. f., foaled 1766, bred by Duke of Cumberland; im- ported into Mar3'land, 1769. By Sclim. Her pedigree cannot be found in the English Stud Book. 1st dam Young Ebony by Crab ; 2d dam Ebony by Childers ; 3d dam Old Ebony by Basto ; 4th dam Massey by Mr. Massey's Black Barb.
Comfort, b. £, foaled 1851, bred by Mr. J. Willington ; imported by Quincy A. Shaw, Esq., Boston, Mass., 1857. Covered ^y
LIST OF IMPORTED MARES. 597
West Australian. By Irish Birdcatcher. 1st dam All's Well by Eecovery ; 2d dam Manes by Spectre ; 3d dam Calendnlae by Camerton; 4tli dam Snowdrop by Highland Fling; 5th dam Daisy by Buzzard ; 6th dam Tulip by Damper ; 7th dam by Eclipse ; 8th dam Earity by Matchem ; 9th dam Snapdragon by Snap ; 10th dam by Eegulus ; 11th dam by Bartlett's Chil- ders ; 12th dam by Honeywood's Arabian ; 13th dam, dam of the two True Blues.
CoMUS Mare, br. f., foaled 1832, bred by Lord Fitzwilliam ; sent to America. By Comus. 1st dam Eeposada by Amadis ; 2d dam Orvillina by Benningbrough ; 3d dam Evehna by High- flyer ; 4th dam Termagant by Tantrum ; 5tli dam by Samp- son ; 6th dam by Eegulus ; 7th dam Marske's dam.
Confederate Mare, bl. £, foaled 1831, bred by Lord Fitzwilliam ; imported into South Carolina 1834 or 1835. By Confederate. 1st dam Clinkerina by Clinker ; 2d dam Pewet by Tandem ; 3d dam Termagant by Tantrum ; 4th dam Cantatrice by Samp- son ; 5th dam by Eegulus ; 6th dam Marske's dam by Black- legs ; 7th dam by Bay Bolton ; 8th dam by Fox Cub ; 9th dam by Coney skins ; 10th dam by Hutton's Grey Barb ; 11th dam by Hutton's Eoyal colt ; 12th dam by Byerly Turk ; 13th dam by Bustler.
Cora, ch. f., foaled 1842, bred by Mr. James Lea; imported by Messrs. Cammack & Co. to New Orleans, November, 1842. Owned by A. Lecomte & Co., Louisiana. By Muley Molocli. 1st dam Champion mare by Champion ; 2d dam by Cestrian ; 3d dam Paulina by Orville. (See Champion mare.)
Corikthiajt Mare, ch. f., foaled 1835, bred by Mr. G. Clark ; im- ported 1837, by E. S. Fay, Esq., Boston, Mass. By Corinthian. 1st dam by Catton ; 2d dam Dulcinea by Cervantes ; 3d dam Eegina by Moorecock ; 4th dam Eally by Trumpator ; 5th dam Fancy (sister to Diomed) by Florizel ; 6th dam by Spectator ; 7th dam by Blank ; 8th dam by Childers ; 9th dam Miss Bel- voir by Grey Grantham ; 10th dam by Paget Turk ; 11th dam Betty Percival by Leedes' Arabian ; 12th dam by Spanker.
Cottager Mare, f, foaled , bred by ; imported by
H. N. Cruger, Esq., Virginia. By Cottager. This pedigree is given as represented. Cannot be found in English Stud Book, though doubtless correct.— S. D. B. 1st dam by Telemachus (son of Herod) ; 2d dam by Trentham ; 3d dam by Heuricus ; 4th dam by Eegulus.
598 THE HORSE.
Cub Maee, Delancy's mare, foaled in 17G2, bred by Mr. Leedes ; imported by Col. Delaucy, of New York. By Cub. This Avas one of the most valuable mares ever imported to this country, nearly all of the best horses in America tracing to her either on the dam or sire's side. Among the most noted are Eatler, Childers, Sumpter, Fhrtilk, Ivanhoe, Polly Hopkins, Hiazim, Inaugural, etc., etc. The grandam of the celebrated Lexington is by Sumpter. 1st dam Amaranthus dam by Second ; 2d dam by Starling (dam of Leedes' Flash Fop) ; 3d dam sister to Vane's Little Partner by Croft's Partner; 4th dam sister to Guy by Greyhound ; 5th dam Brown Farewell by Makeless ; 6th dam by Brimmer; 7th dam by Place's White Turk; 8th dam by Dodsworth ; 9th dam Layton Barb mare.
Cub Mare, gr. f, foaled 17C1, bred by Mr. Hodgson; imported by Henry Mitchell, Esq., Virginia, 1765. By Cub. She caunot be identified in English Stud Book. 1st dam by Torrismond ; 2d dam by Second ; 3d dam by Mogul ; 4th dam by Sweep- stakes ; 5th dam by Bay Bolton ; 6th dam by Curwen's Bay Barb; 7th dam by Curwen's Old Spot; 8th dam by White- legged Lowther Barb.
Cullen Arabiaist Mare, foaled , bred by ; owned by
William Maxwell, Esq., Virginia. By the Cullen Arabian. 1st dam by Curwen's Bay Barb ; 2d dam by Byerly Turk ; 3d dam by Tafiblet Barb ; 4th dam by Place's White Turk ; 5th dam Natural Barb mai'e.
Cullen Arabian Mare Duchess (called also Diamond), f., foaled 174-, bred by Duke of Cumberland; imported into South Carolina before the Eevolution. By Cullen Arabian. 1st dam Grieswood's Lady Thigh by Crofts' Partner; 2d dam l)y Greyhound; 3d dam Sophonisba's dam by Curwen Bay Barb; 4th dam D'Arcy's chestnut Arabian ; 5th dam by White- shirt; 6 th dam Montagu mare.
Delight, b. f , foaled 1828, bred by Mr. Sadler ; miported by E. H. Boardman, near Huntsville, Ala., 1835. Winner in England. By Eeveler; dam Defiance (dam of Design) by Eubens. (See Design.)
Delphine, br. f, foaled 1825, In-ed by Mr. Petre; imported by Col. Wade Hampton, of South Carolina. By Whisker. 1st dam My LadybyComus; 2d dam The Colonel's dam byDelpini; 3d dam Tipple Cider by King Fergus; 4th dam Silvia by
LIST OF IMPOETED MAKES. 599
Young Marske ; 5tli dam Ferret by brother to Silvio ; 6th dam by Eegnliis ; 7th dam by Lord Moreton's Arabian ; 8th dam by Mixbury ; 9th dam by Mulso Bay Turk ; 10th dam by Bay Bol- ton; 11th dam by Coneyskins; 12th dam Hutton's Grey Barb; 13t]i dam by Byerly Turk ; 14th dam by Bustler.
Design", ch. f., foaled 1827, bred by Mr. Sadler ; imported by E. H. Boardman, Esq., Huntsville, Ala., 1835. She was a good racer in England. By Tramp. 1st dam Defiance by Eubens ; 2d dam Little Folly by Highland Eling ; 3d dam Harriet by Vol- unteer ; 4th dam by Alfred ; 5tli dam Magnolia by Marske ; 6th dam by Babraham ; 7th dam by Sedl3ury ; 8tli dam Ebony by Childers, etc.
DiAisr, b. f, foaled 1785, bred by Lord Cavendish; imported by into Virginia. By Eclipse. 1st dam Diana by Shakes- peare ; 2d dam by Bajazet ; 3d dam by Lonsdale Bay Arabian ; 4th dam by Bay Bolton; 5th dam by Darley's Arabian; 6th dam by Byerly Turk; 7tli dam by Tafiblet Barl); 8tli dam by Place's White Turk ; 9th dam Natural Barb mare.
Diana, b. m., foaled 1828, bred by Mr. Gascoigne; imported by Com. E. F. Stockton, New Jersey. (Li foal to Eng. Dr. Syn- tax.) By Catton. 1st dam Trulla by Sorcerer; 2d dam by Weathercock ; od dam Cora by Matchem ; 4th dam by Turk ; 5th dam by Cub ; 6tli dam by Allworthy ; 7th dam by Starling; 8th dam by Bloody Buttocks ; 9tli dam by Greyhound; 10th dam Brocklesby Betty.
DiA]srA Syntax, b. f., foaled 1838 ; imported in her mother's belly by Com. Stockton, New Jersey. By Eng. Dr. Syntax : dam imp. Diana by Catton. (See imp. Diana.)
DiOMEDA, f , by Diomed in England. Imported by Col. J. Hoomes, Virginia; died, leaving no produce.
Don Cossack Mare, £, foaled 1819, bred l^y Mr, Villiers ; imported by M. M. Eawlings, Esq. By Don Cossack. The Don Cossack mare died on the passage, or soon after landing. — S. D. B. 1st dam by Sorcerer ; 2d dam by Justice ; 3d dam Parsley by Pot-8-o's ; 4th dam Lady Bolingbroke by Squirrel ; 5th dam by Cypron, King Herod's dam by Blaze; 6th dam Sehma by Bethel's Arabian ; 7th dam by Graham's Champion ; 8th dam by Darley's Arabian ; 9th dam by Merlin.
DoRiMANT Mare, b. f, foaled 1788, bred by Lord Ossory ; imported into America by . By Dorimant. 1st dam Muse by
600 THE HOKSE.
Herod ; 2d dam by Shepherd's Crab ; 3d dam Miss Meredith by Cade ; 4th dam Little Hartley mare by Bartlett's Childers ; 5th dam Flying Whig by William's Woodstock Arabian ; Gth dam by St. Victor Barb ; 7th dam by Why-not (son of Fenwick Barb) ; 8th dam Eoyal mare. Doris, ch. f., foaled 1834, bred by Lord Stradbroke ; imported by A. J. Davie, Esq., North Carolina. By The Colonel. 1st dam Arethissa by Quiz ; 2d dam Persepohs by Alexander ; 3d dam sister to Tickle Toby by Alfred ; 4th dam Caelia by Herod ; 5th dam Proserpine (sister to Eclipse) by Marske ; 6th dam Spi- letta by Kegiilus, etc., etc.
Duchess, br. f., foaled 1801, bred by Duke of Grafton ; imported by Hon. John Eandolph, Esq., Eoauoke, Va. By Grouse (son of Highflyer). 1st dam by Magnet; 2d dam sister to Johnny by Matchem ; 3d dam Bay Babraham by Babraham ; 4th dam by Partner ; 5tli dam Grey Brocklesby by Bloody Buttocks ; 6th dam Brocklesby by Greyhound ; 7th dam Brocklesby Betty by Curwen's Bay Barb; 8th dam Mr. Leedes' Hobby mare by the Lister Turk.
Duchess of York, ch. f., foaled 1821, bred by Mr. Moss; imported by E. D. Shepherd, Virginia, after 1835. By Catton. 1st dam by Sanclio ; 2d clam Blacklock's dam by Coriander; 3d dam Wildgoose by Highflyer ; 4th dam Coheiress by Pot-8-o's ; 5th dam Manilla by Goldfinder ; 6th dam Mr. Goodricke's Old Eng- land mare.
Easterist Star, b. f., foaled 1868, by Cape Flyaway, bred by the late Lord Derby ; imported by A. Belmont, Esq., in 1870. 1st dam Star of India by Longbow; 2d dam Eanee by John O'Gaunt ; 3d dam Meanee by Touchstone ; 4th dam Ghuznee by Pantaloon ; 5th dam Languish (sister to Languid) by Cain ; 6th dam Lydia by Poulton ; 7th dam Variety by Hyacinthus ;
8th dam sister to Swordsman by Weasel ; 9th dam by
Turk; 10th dam by Changehng; 11th dam by
Cade (Maral)rino's dam) ; 12th dam by the Bolton Little
John ; 13th dam Mr. Durham's Favorite by a son of the Bald Galloway ; 14th dam (the dam of Lord Portmore's Dafi'odil) by a foreign horse of Sir T. Gascoigne's.
Ebony, or Young Ebony, foaled about 1766, bred by His Eoyal Highness the Duke of Cumberland; imported by Jonathan Plowman, Esq., into Maryland, 1762, in foal to Cato, son of
LIST OF IMPORTED MAKES. fiOl
Eegulus. She cannot be traced in English Stud Book. — S. D. B. By H. K. H. Duke of Cumberland's Grey Arabian (called Mu- ley). 1st dam by Old Crab ; 2d dam by Devonshire Childers ; 3d dam by Basto ; 4th dam by Duke of Eutland's Black Barb out of the Massey mare.
Eleais'OE, br. f., bred by Mr. J. Newton^ foaled 1856 ; imported by E. W. Cameron, Esq., New York. By Voltigeur. 1st dam Themis (dam of Trueloye, Nester and Sedbury) by Touchstone ; 2d dam Eectitude (dam of Lais, Dr. Cains, Chivalry and Aris- tides) by Lottery; 3d dam Decision (dam of Brown Stout XXX and Silvio) by Magistrate ; 4th dam Eemembrance (dam of Baron Bowes and Princess) by Sir Soloman ; 5th dam Queen Mab (sister to Mercury) by Eclipse ; Gth dam by Tartar ; 7th dam by Mogul ; 8th dam by Sweepstakes ; 9th dam sister to Sloven by Bay Bolton; 10th dam by Curwen's Bay Barb; 11th dam by Spot ; 12th dam by White-legged Lowther Barb ; 13tli dam Old Vintner mare.
Eliza (sister to Defiance), b. f., foaled 1823, bred by Mr. Sadler; imported by Thomas Kirkman, Esq., Alabama. By Eubens. 1st dam Little Folly by Highland Fling ; 2d dam Harriet by Volunteer; 3d dam Lady Sarah's dam by Alfred; 4th dam Magnolia by Marske ; 5 th dam by Babraham ; 6th dam by Sed- bury; 7th dam Ebony by Childers; 8th dam Old Eljony by Basto ; 9 th dam Massey mare by Mr. Massey's Black Barb.
Eliza, b. f., foaled 1833, bred by Mr. Gifford ; imported into South Carolina; owned by Col. Ferguson. By Filho-da-Puta. 1st dam Zephyrina by Middlethorpe ; 2d dam Pagoda by Sir Peter ; 3d dam Eiipee by Coriander; 4th dam Matron by Florizel; 5th dam Maiden by Matchem; 6th dam by Squirt; 7th dam by Mogul.
Eliza, b. £, foaled 1835, bred by His Majesty William IV; im- ported into South Carolina by Col. Wade Hampton. By Emelius. 1st dam Ada by Woful ; 2d dam by Eubens ; 3d dam Guildford mare by Guildford (by Highflyer) ; 4th dam Vulture's dam by Justice; 5th dam Parsley by Pot-8-o's; 6th dam Lady Bolingbroko by Squirrel ; 7th dam Herod's dam by Blaze ; 8tli dam Selima by Bethel's Arabian ; 9th dam by Graham's Cham- pion; 10th dam by Darley's Arabian; 11th dam by Merlin.
Ella, b. f., foaled 1842, bred by Mr. J. Forster, sold to go to New Orleans, August, 1859 ; covered by Poland and Black Doctor.
602 THE HOESE.
By Pontifex. 1st dam by Dash ; 2d dam by Blacklock ; 3d dam Cottage Girl by Thunderbolt ; 4th dam by Worthy ; 5th dam Young Camilla by Woodjoecker ; Gth dam Camilla by Tren- tham ; 7th dam Coquette by Compton Barb ; 8tli dam sister to Eegulus by Godolphin Arabian; 9th dam Grey Eobinson by Bald Galloway; 10th dam by Snake; lltli dam Old Wilkes by Old Hautboy.
Eltham Lass (imported), b. £, foaled 1859, bred by Wm. Blenkiron, at Middle Park, Eltham ; owned by E. A. Alexander, Esq. By Kingston. 1st dam by P}Trhus the First ; 2d dam Palmyra (Tadmor's dam) by Sultan ; 3d dam Hester by Camel; 4th dam Monimia by Muley ; 5th dam by Precipitate (sister to Pet- worth) ; Gth dam by Woodpecker ; 7th dam by Snap out of Young Marske's dam ; Stli dam by Blank ; 9th dam Bay Star- ling by Bolton Starling; lOtli dam Miss Meynell by Partner; 11th dam by Greyhound; 12th dam by Curwen's Barb; 13th dam by D'Arcy's Chestnut Arabian ; 14th dam by Whitesbirt ; 15th dam Old Montagu mare.
Emancipatiois" Maee, b. f., foaled 1835, bred by Mr. Painter ; im- ported into South Carolina, in foal to Discount, by Emancipa- tion (before his importation). 1st dam by Sligo ; 2d dam Zarina by Morisco ; 3d dam Jura by Smolenrjko; 4th dam Mor- giana by Coriander ; 5th dam Fairy by Highflyer ; Gth dam Fairy Queen by Young Cade ; 7th dam Eouth's Blackeyes by Crab; 8th dam Warlock Galloway by Snake, etc.
Emelius Mare, b. f., foaled 1837, bred by Mr. Thornhill; imported by Col. Wade Hampton, South Carolina. By Emelius. 1st dam Menever by Merlin ; 2d dam by Walton ; 3d dam Lisette by Hambletonian ; 4th dam Constantia by Walnut ; 5th dam Contessina by Young Marske ; Gth dam Tuberose by Herod ; 7th dam Grey Starling by Starling ; 8th dam Cougliing Polly by Bartlett's Childers ; 9th dam by Counsellor ; lOtli dam by Snake ; 11th dam by Luggs ; 12tli dam by Davill's Old Wood- cock.
Emilia, b. f., foaled 1840, bred by Mr. Hague; imported by A. Keene Eichards, Esq., Scott county, Ky., 1858. By Young Emelius (son of Emelius out of Shovelcr). 1st dam Persian by Whisker ; 2d dam Variety by Selim or Soothsayer ; 3d dam Sprite by Bobtail; 4th dam Catherine (sister to Colibri) by Woodpecker ; 5th dam Camilla by Trentham ; Gth dam Co-
LIST OF IMPOKTED MARES. 603
qnette by Compton Barb ; 7th dam sister to Eegiilus by Godol- phiu Arabian ; 8th dam Grey Eobinsou by Bald Galloway; 9th dam Old Wilkes by Old Hautboy.
Emily, b. f., foaled 1834, bred by His Majesty William IV; im- ported by Col. Wade Hampton, South Carolina. She raced successfully in the United States. By Emelius. 1st dam Eliza- beth by Eainbow ; 2d dam Belvoirina by Stamford ; 3d dam sister to Silver by Mercury; 4tli dam by Herod; 5th dam Young Hag by Skim ; 6th dam Hag by Crab ; 7th dam Ebony by Childers ; 8th dam Ebony by Basto.
Emmy, b. f , foaled 1825, 1)red by Mr. Yates ; imported into South Carolina by Col. Wade Hampton, 1835 ; covered by Camel. By Magistrate. 1st dam Emmeliue by Waxy ; 2d dam Sorcery by Sorcerer ; 3d dam Cobl)ea by Skyscraper ; 4th dam by Wood- pecker; 5th dam Heinel by Squirrel; 6th dam by Blank ; 7th dam by CuUen Arabian ; 8th dam Grieswood's Lady Thigh by Partner ; 9th dam by Grejiiouud ; 10th dam Sophonisba's dam by Curwen's Bay Barb.
Equity, b. f , foaled 1835, bred by Mr. Fonlis ; imported by Messrs. Hugh and John Kirkman, Tennessee. By Humphrey Clinker. 1st dam Justicia by Scrvantes; 2d dam Lady Eachel by Stam- ford ; 3d dam Young Eachel by Volunteer ; 4th dam Eachel by Highflyer ; 5th dam sister to Tandem by S}q)hon ; 6th dam by Eegulus; 7th dam by Snip; 8th dam by Cottingham; 9th dam Warlock Galloway by Snake.
Fair Charlotte, b. f., foaled 1808, bred by Mr. Durand; im- ported into Virginia. By Teddy the Grinder. 1st dam by Precipitate ; 2d dam Colibri by Woodpecker ; 3d dam Camilla by Trentham ; 4tli dam by Compton Barb ; 5tli dam sister to Eegulus by the Godolphin Arabian ; 0th dam Grey Eobinson by Bald Galloway; 7th dam by Snake; 8th dam Old Wilkes by Old Hautboy.
Fair Eachel, ch. f., foaled 1753, bred by Mr. Benjamin Eogers, Middleham, near Epsom ; imported by Col. James De Lance}-, New York. By Babraham; first dam by Bolton Starhng; second dam's name or pedigree could never be ascertained, although she was thoroughbred. Pick says: " She was a mare of great power and strength ; had an uncommon share of good- ness and lastingness." She won a large number of plates, beat- ing the l^est horses of her time, and chiefly at high weights,
604 THE nOESE.
proving lier to be the best plate mare and not inferior to any plate horse of her time. Falconet, br. f., bred by Lord Scarborough, foaled 1830; im- ported into the United States in 1834; owned by Messrs. T. H. and H. Clay, Jr., Kentucky. By Falcon. Bred in 1841 to im- ported Monarch. 1st dam by Catton; 2d dam Hannah by Sorcerer; 3d dam Amelia by Highflyer ; 4th dam Miss Timms by Matchem ; 5th dam by Squirt ; 6th dam Sol's dam by Mo- gul ; 7th dam Camilla by Bay Bolton ; 8th dam Old Lady (Starling's dam) by Pullein's chestnut Arabian ; 9th dam by Eockwood ; 10th dam by Bustler.
Fantasie, b. f., foaled 1835, bred by Lord Chesterfield ; imported into Louisiana; owned by Fergus Duplantier. By Tramp. 1st dam Petuaria Young (dam of Bamfylde and Carew) by Eain- bow ; 2d dam Petuaria by Orville ; 3d dam Mundane by Pot-B- o's ; 4th dam Young Camilla by Woodpecker. (See Adriana.)
Favoeite, b. f., foaled 1790, bred by Mr. Holt ; imported by Col. John Hoomes, Bowling Green, Va., 1796. By Volunteer. 1st dam by Matchem ; 2d dam by Dainty Davy ; 3d dam by son of Mogul; 4th dam by Crab; 5th dam by Bay Bolton; 6th dam by Curwen's Bay Barb.
Favoeite, f., foaled , bred by ; imported by .
By High Eagle (sou of Euler). 1st dam Sweetheart by Matchem ; 2d dam Sylph by Eegulus ; 3d dam by Marske.
Feak, ch. f., foaled 1830, bred by Mr. E. Peel; imported by ;
owned by D. B. Smith, Esq. By Phantom. 1st dam by Hed- ley ; 2d dam Gramarie by Sorcerer ; 3d dam by Sir Peter ; 4th dam Deceit by Tandem ; 5th dam Perdita by Herod ; 6th dam Fair Forester by Sloe ; 7th dam by Forester ; 8th dam by Part- ner; 9th dam by Crofts' Bay Barb; 10th dam by Makeless; 11th dam by Brimmer ; 12th dam by son of Dodsworth ; 13th dam Burton Barb mare.
Felucca, br. f., foaled 1866, by Buccaneer, bred by Lord Zetland ; imported by A. Belmont, Esq., in 1870. 1st dam Eevival by ISTewminster; 2d dam Qui Vive (sister to Vidette) by Volti-
geur ; 3d dam by Irish Birdcatcher ; 4th dam ISTan
Darrell by Inheritor ; 5th dam Nell by Blacklock ; Gth dam Madame Vestris by Comus; 7th dam Lisette by Hamble- tonian; 8th dam Constantia by Young Marske; 9th dam Tuberose by Herod; 10th dam Grey Starling by Starling; 11th
LIST OF IMPOKTED MAEES. 605
dam Coughing Polly by Bartlet's Childers ; 12th dam sister to Thunderbolt by Counsellor ; 13tli dam by Snake ; 14th dam by Luggs ; 15th dam Davill's Old Woodcock stinted to Beads- man. FiLAGEEE, b. £, foaled 1859, by Stockwell, bred by Lord Londes- borough ; imported 1860, by Messrs. Dudley & Bruce, agents of the Kentucky Importing Company. The property of Mr. A. Belmont, New York. 1st dam Extasy by Touchstone; 3d ' dam Miss Wilfred by Lottery ; 3d dam (Eoyal Oak's dam) by Smolensko ; 4th dam Lady Mary by Beningborough ; 5th dam by Highflyer; 6th dam by Marske (sister to Pontiac) ; 7th dam A La Grecque by Eegulus ; 8th dam by AUworthy ; 9th dam by Bolton Starling ; 10th dam Dairy Maid by Bloody Buttocks; lltli dam Bay Brocklesby by Old Partner; 12th dam Brocklesby by Greyhound ; 13th dam Brocklesby Betty by Curwen's Bay Barb ; 14th dam Miss Leedes' Hobby mare by the Lister Turk.
FiLHO-DA-PUTA Mare, foaled 1833, bred by Sir T. Stanley ; im- ported by E. H. Boardman, Esq., Huntsville, Ala. By Filho- da-Puta. 1st dam by Eubens; 2d dam the Hipped mare by Meteor; 3d dam Petrowna by Sir Peter; 4th dam Georgiana by Sweetbriar ; 5th dam Capella by Herod ; 6th dam Miss Cape by Eegulus ; 7th dam Blackeyes by Crab, etc., etc.
Fleet, br. f., foaled 1838, bred by Mr. Stanborough ; imported into South Carolina ; owned by Mr. E. Singleton, Esq. By Augus- tus. 1st dam by Orville; 2d dam Sprightly by Whiskey ; 3d dam Eomance by Gouty ; 4th dam Mademoiselle by Diomed ; 5th dam Belle by Justice ; 6th dam by Marske ; 7th dam Susan by Bajazet, etc.
Fleetin'G- Moments, b. f., foaled 1856, bred by Mr. H. Bradshaw; imported by E. W. Cameron, Esq., New York. By Bolingbroke. 1st dam Queen of Cyprus by Liverpool ; 2d dam Careful by Orville or Walton; 3d dam Pipyhna by Sir Peter; 4th dam Eally by Trumpator ; 5th dam Fancy (sister to Diomed) by Florizel ; 6th dam sister to Juno by Spectator ; 7th dam sister to Horatius by Blank; 8th dam by Childers; 9th dam Miss Belvoir by Grey Grantham ; 10th dam by Paget Turk; 11th dam Betty Percival by Leedes' Arabian; 12th dam by Spanker.
Fleur des Champs, b. f., foaled 1862, bred by Mr. Williamson ; im- ported by Mr. A. Belmont, Xew York. By Newmiuster. 1st
006 THE HOKSE.
dam Maria by Harkaway ; 2d dam Suspicion by Speculation ; 3d dam Foam by Langar ; 4th dam Steam by Waxy Pope ; 5tli dam Miss Stavely by Shuttle ; Gth dam by Drone ; T'th dam by Matchem; 8th dam Jocasta by Cornforth's Forester; 9tli dam Milsop by Old Cade; 10th dam Miss Partner by Partner; 11th dam by Makeless ; 12th dam by Brimmer; 13th dam by Place's Wliite Turk; 11th dam by Dodsworth; loth dam Layton Barb mare. Stinted to the Marquis, son of Stock- well.
Florestike, b. f., foaled 1829, bred by Mr. Eidsdale ; imported by H. & J. Kirkman, Nashville, Tenn. By Whisker. Died 1854, the property of General Harding. 1st dam Flora (sister to Oiseau) by Camillus ; 2d dam by Euler ; 3d dam Treecreeper by Woodpecker ; 4th dam by Trentham; 5th dam Cunegonde by Blank; 6tli dam by Cullen Arabian; 7tli dam by Patriot; 8th dam by Gander ; 9th dam by brother to Grantham ; 10th dam by Pullein's Chestnut Arabian ; 11th dam by Spanker.
Florida HEPBURisr, br. f., foaled 1836, bred by Mr. Eidsdale ; im- ported by . Ean with success by Lovel & Hammond.
By Tramp. 1st dam Miss Armstrong by Whisker ; 2d dam Stavely Lass by Shuttle or Harabletonian ; 3d dam liy Drone ; 4th dam by Matchem ; 5th dam Joccasta by Cornforth's For- ester; Gth dam sister to young CadebyCacje; 7tli dam Miss Partner by Partner ; 8th dam by ]\Iakeless ; 9th dam l^y Brim- mer; 10th dam by Place's White Turk.
Flouxce, b. £, foaled 1836, bred in England ; imported by E. H. Boardman, Ala. Presented to Hon. II. Clay, by Dr. Mercer. By English Mulatto. First dam imported Florcstine by Whisker (which see).
Fluke, ch. f., foaled 1854, bred by Sir Tatton Sykes ; imported 1868 by Mr. A, Belmont, New York ; covered by Gladiateur, but missed. By Womersley : dam sister to Grey Momus by Comus ; 2d dam by Cervantes ; 3d dam Emma by Don Cossack ; 4th dam Vesta byDelpini; 5 th dam Faith by Pacolet; 6th dam Atalanta by Matchem ; 7th dam Lass of tlie Mill by Oroonoko ; 8th dam by Traveller; 9th dam Miss Makeless by Young Greyhound; loth dam by Partner; 11th dam by Woodcock; 12th dam by Crofts' Bay Barb ; 13th dam by Makeless ; 14th dam by Brim- mer; 15th dam by Dickey Pierson ; 16th dam Burton Barb mare.
LIST OF IMPORTED MARES. 607
Forrester Mare, foaled , bred by ; imported into
United States before the Eevolution. By Crofts' Forester. 1st dam by Bartlett's Childers ; 2d dam by Honej^ood's Arabian ; 3d dam, dam of the two True Blues.
Fortuna (called also Porto Rico), ch. f., foaled 1837, bred by Mr. Saville; imported into Louisiana by Thomas Flintoff, Esq., Nashyille, Tenn. By Langar. First dam by Orville. (See Nun's Daughter.)
Frances, b. f., foaled 1838, bred by Mr. F. E. Price ; imported into South Carolina in ship China, 1838, in foal to Birdcatcher. By Emelius. 1st dam Valve by Bob Booty; 2d dam Wise (sister to Whalebone) by Waxy ; 3d dam Penelope by Trumpa- tor ; 4th dam Prunella by Highflyer ; 5th dam Promise by Snap ; 6th dam Julia by Blank ; 7th dam Spectator's dam by Partner ; 8tli dam Bonny Lass by Bay Bolton, etc.
Frolicksome Fanny, b. f., foaled 1833, bred by Mr. Kirby ; im- ported into Alabama. By Lottery. 1st dam sister to Catterick by Whisker ; 2d dam by Bay Trophonius ; 3d dam by Slope ; 4th dam Lardella by Young Marske ; 5th dam by Cade ; 6th dam (Beaufremont's dam) by Tartar ; 7tli dam by brother to Fearnought; 8th dam Miss Windham by Windham; 9th dam by Belgi-ade Turk ; lOtli dam Old Scarborough j\Iaid by Make- less; 11th dam by Brimmer.
Fun, b. f., foaled in 1866. Bred by Mr. Blenkiron, England. Im- ported by Mr. R. W. Cameron, New York. Got by Stockwell : dam Whimsical by Launcelot ; 2d dam Wliim by Voltaire ; 3d dam Fancy hj Osmond ; 4th dam by Catton ; 5th dam by Hambletonian ; 6th dam by Shuttle ; 7tli dam by Drone; Stli dam Catharine by Young Marske ; 9th dam Gentle Kitty by Silvio; 10th dam by Dorimond; 11th dam Portia by Ptcgulus; 12th dam by Button's Spot; 13th dam by Fox-cub; 14th dara by Bay Bolton ; loth dam by Coneyskins ; 16th dam by Hut- ton's Gray Barb; 17th dam by Eoyal colt; 18th dam by the Byerley Turk; 19th dam by Bustler.
Fury, ch. f., foaled 1837, bred by Lord Chesterfield; imported by Col. Wade Hampton, South Carolina. She raced successfully in the United States. By Priam, before his importation. 1st dam sister to Ainderby by Velocipede ; 2d dam Kate by Catton ; 3d dam Miss Garforth by Walton. (See imported Ain- derby.)
608 THE nOESE.
Gabrielle, ch. f., foaled 1820, bred by Duke of Grafton ; imported by E, H. Boardman, Esq., Huntsville, Ala. By Partizan. 1st dam Coquette by Dick Andrews ; 2d dam Vanity by Buzzard ; 3d dam Dabcliick by Pot-8-o's ; 4tli dam Drab by Jlighflyer ; 5tli dam Hebe by Chrysolite ; Gth dam Prosperine (sister to Eclipse) by Marske.
Gallopade, gr. f., foaled 1828, bred by Col. King; imported into Canada, 1836 ; owned by James Jackson, Esq., Alabama. By Catton. 1st dam Camilina by Camillus; 2d dam by Smolen- sko; 3d dam Miss Cannon by Orville; 4tli dam by Weather- cock ; 5th dam Cora by Matchem ; Gth dam by Turk ; 7th dam by Cub ; 8tli dam by Allworthy ; 9th dam by Starling ; 10th dam by Bloody Buttocks ; 11th dam by Greyhound; 12th dam Brocklesby Betty by Curwen's Bay Barb; 13tli dam Mr. Leedes' Hobby mare by Lister Turk.
Gamenut Mare, foaled about 1815 or'lG; imported by Allen J, Davie, Esq., North Carolina. By Gamennt. 1st dam Alle- granti by Pegasus; 2d dam Orange Squeezer by Highflyer; 3d dam Mop Squeezer by Matchem ; 4th dam Lady by Sir Charles Turner's Sweepstakes; 5th dam by Patriot; Gth dam by Crab; 7th dam sister to Sloven by Bay Bolton ; 8tli dam by Curwen's Bay Bar]3.
Gasteeia, b. f., foaled 179G, bred by Mr. Broadhurst; imported by Col. John Hoomes, Bowling Green, Va., 1798. By Balloon. Gasteria was sold to Alexander Shejoherd, Esq., Culpepper, Va. 1st dam by Marske ; 2d clam Cremona by Kegulus ; 3d dam by Traveler ; 4tli dam by Hip ; 5th dam by Snake ; Gth dam the Duke of Eutland's Black Barb ; 7th dam by Blunderbus ; 8th dam Lord D'Arcy's Gray Eoyal mare.
Gazelle, gr. f., foaled 1838, bred by Mr. Osbaldeston; imported into South Carolina and soltl by Mr. Porchcr to Col. Fitz- simons ; in foal to the Saddler. By Velocipede. 1st dam by Minos; 2d dam Aquilina by Eagle; 3d dam Marybella by Walnut; 4th dam Maria by Telemachus ; 5th dam A-la-Grecque by Eegulus ; Gth dam by Allwortliy ; 7th dam by Bolton Star- ling ; 8th dam Dairy Maid by Bloody Buttocks ; 9th dam Bay Brocklesl)y by Old Partner; 10th dam Brocklesliy by Grey- hound; 11 til dam Brocklesb<y Betty bv Curwen's Bay Barb; 12th dam Mr. Leedes' Hobby mare by Lister Turk.
LIST OF IMPOETED MAEES. 609
GEifiSTA, b. f,, foaled 1863, bred by Lord Falmouth ; imported and owned by E. W. Cameron, Esq., Clifton Stnd Farm, Staten Island, N. Y. By King Tom. 1st dam Scrubbing Brush by Touchstone ; 2d dam The Broom by Van Tromp ; 3d dam Miss Martin by Voltaire; 4th dam Miss Iris by Blucher; 5th dam Iris by Sir Peter ; 6 th dam Isal)ella by Eclipse : 7tli dam Isa- bel's dam by Woodpecker ; 8th dam by Squirrel ; 9th dam An- caster ISTancy by Blank ; 10th dam Phebe by Tortoise ; 11th dam by Looby; 12th dam by Partner; 13th dam by Woodcock; • 14th dam by Makeless ; 15tli dam by Brimmer ; 16th dam by Dicky Pierson ; 17th dam Burton Barb mare — stinted to Buck- enham.
GiEL OF My Heaet, b. £, foaled 1868, bred by Mr. Cookson ; im- ported by Mr. A. Belmont, New York. By Skirmisher : dam imported Fluke by Wormersly (which see).
Girth, bl. f., foaled in South Carolina, 1839; imported in her mother's belly ; owned and raised by W. H. Sinkler, Esq., South Carolina. By The Saddler. 1st dam Gazelle by Velocipede ; 2d dam by Minos. (See Gazelle.)
Gloeiaka, b. f., foaled 1833, bred by Mr. Painter; imported by Sam- uel Field, Esq.; owned by Alfred Seton, Esq., Westchester county, N, Y. By Mcranou. 1st dam Kamschatka by Master Henry; 2d dam Passamaquoddy by Lignum Vitse; 3d dam Hind by Sir Peter ; 4th dam Paulina by Florizel ; 5th dam Cap- tive by Matchem ; 6tli dam Calliope by Slouch ; 7th dam Ata- lanta's dam Lass of the Mill by Oroonoko ; 8th dam Lass of the Mill by Traveler; 9th dam Miss Makeless by Young Grey- hound; 10 til dam by Partner; 11th dam Miss Doe's dam by Woodcock; 12th dam by Crofts' Bay Barb; 13th dam Desde- mona's dam by Makeless.
GoDOLPHiisr Arabian Mare, foaled , bred by ; owned
1766 by John Walker, Esq., Virginia. By The Godolphin Ara- bian. 1st dam by Darley's Arabian ; 2d dam by Byerly Turk; 3d dam iDy TafFolet Barb ; 4th dam by Place's White Turk ; 5 th dam Natural Barb mare.
GoLDWiRE, br. f, foaled 1823, bred by Lord Egremont; imported into Kentucky, 1835, by Thos. H. & H. Clay, Jr. By Whale- bone. 1st dam byGohanna; 2d dam Amazon by Driver; 3d dam Fractious by Mercury; 4th dam by Woodpecker; 5th dam Everlasting by Eclipse ; 6th dam Hyaena by Snap ; 7th dam Vol. L— 39
610 THE HORSE.
Miss Belsea by Regulus ; 8tli dam by Bartlett's Childers ; 9tli dam by Honey wood's Arabian ; 10th dam, dam of the Two True Bhies. Gfkilda (called also Virago), gr. f., foaled 1777, bred by Mr.
Tempest ; imported by . By Star. She was the dam of
the celebrated race mare Virago, by imported Sliark, for whose daughter Selima by Spread Eagle, Col. Tayloe, of Virginia, is said to have given one-half of Sir Archy and $400 in moue}^ — S. D. B. 1st dam Virago by the Panton Arabian ; 2d dam Crazy by Lath ; 3d dam sister to Snip by Childers ; 4th dam sister to Soreheels by Basto ; 5th dam sister to Mixbury by Cur- wen's Bay Barb; Gtli dam by Curwen Spot; 7th dam by White- legged Lowtlier Barb ; 8th dam Old Vintner mare.
Gutty (sister to Chateau Margaux), b. f., foaled 1824, bred by Lord Egremont; imported by Thos. Kirkman, Esq., Alabama. By ■ Whalebone. 1st dam Yfasp by Gohanna; 2d dam by Highflyer; 3d dam Chanticleer's dam by Eclipse ; 4th dam Eosebud by Snap ; 5th dam Miss Belsea by Regulus. (See Chateau Mar- gaux.)
Hackabout, b. f., foaled 1794, bred by Mr. Moore; imported by CoL John Hoomes, Bowling Green, Va., 1798. By Escape. Sold to Col. John Dangcrfield. 1st dam sister to Tandem by Syphon ; 2d dam by Regulus ; 3d dam by Snip ; 4tli dam by Cottinghani ; 5th dam Yv'arlock Galloway by Snake ; Gth dam sister to the Carlisle gelding by the Bald Galloway.
Haelot, f., bred by , foaled ; imported into South Car- olina by Col. Talmadge. By a son of Ilcrod. 1st dam by Snap ; 2d dam Lord Bertie's Harlot by Blank ; 3d dam by Rib ; 4th dam by the Wpm Arabian ; 5th dam by Governor ; 6th dam by Alcock's Aral^iau ; 7tli dam by Grasshopper ; 8th dam sister to Gentleman's dam.
Heads oe Tails, b. f., foaled 1831, bred by Sir G. Pigot ; imported into United States; owned by T. H. & Henry Clay, Jr., Ken- tucky. By Lottery. 1st dam Active by Partizan; 2d dam Eleanor by Whiskey ; 3d dam Young Giantess by Diomed ; 4th dam Giantess by Matchem ; 5th dam Molly Long-Legs by Babraham; 6th dam by Cole's Foxhunter; 7th dam sister to Cato by Partner.
Helen, br. f., foaled 1836, bred by Lord Chesterfield ; imported into South Carolina by Col. R. Singleton. By Priam (before his
LIST OF. IMPOETED MAEES. 611
importation). She was trained and ran in tlie United States. 1st dam Malibran by Rubens ; 3d dam Bolter's dam by Trump- ator ; 3d dam by Highflyer ; 4th dam Otheothea by Otho ; 5th dam by Snap ; 6th dam by Eegulns ; 7th dam AVildair's dam by Steady; 8th dam by Partner; 9th dam by Greyhound; 10th dam Chestnut Layton by Makeless. Hee Majesty, ch. f., foaled 1835, bred by King William IV ; im- ported by Col. Wade Hampton, South Carolina. By The Col- onel. 1st dam Peri (the dam of Sir Hercules) by Wanderer; 2d dam Thalestris by Alexander ; 3d dam Eival by Sir Peter ; 4th dam Hornet by Drone ; 5th dam Manilla by Goldfinder ; 6th dam by Old England ; 7th dam by Cullen Arabian ; 8th dam by Cade ; 9th dam Miss Makeless by a son of Greyhound.
Highflyer Maee, f, foaled ; imported by Col. John Tayloe,
Virginia. By Highflyer. 1st dam by Star; 2d dam by Pan- ton's Arabian ; 3d dam by Old Crab ; 4tli dam by Shock ; 5th dam Little Hartley mare by Childers ; 6th dam out of dam of Large Hartley mare by Fl}dug Whig by Woodstock Arabian. (See Selima.)
HouRi, called Annot Lisle, ch. f, foaled 1837, bred by Mr. E. G. Lumley ; imjDorted into the United States ; owned by Hon. D. F. Kenner, Louisiana. By Langar. Was trained and ran suc- cessfully in the United States. 1st dam Annot Lyle by Ashton (son of Walnut) ; 2d dam Lauria by Gohanna ; 3d dam Certhia by Woodpecker ; 4th dam by Trentham ; 5th dam Cunengonde by Blank. (See Florestine.)
HiPPONA, br. f., foaled 1802, bred by Lord Egremont ; imported by General McPherson into South Carolina. By Sir Peter. 1st dam by Woodpecker; 2d dam by Sweetbriar; 3d dam Buzzard dam by Dux ; 4th dam Curiosity by Snap ; 5th dam by Eegu- lus ; 6th dam by Bartlett's Childers ; 7th dam by HonejTvood's Arabian ; 8th dam, dam of the two True Blues.
Hokee Pokee- Maee, b. f., foaled 1836, bred by Mr. Forth ; im- ported by Messrs. Nott, Feme and Major Huger, Mobile, Ala. By Hokee Pokee. 1st dam by Scud or Pioneer ; 2d dam Canary Bird by Whiskey or Sorcerer ; 3d dam Canary by Coriander ; 4th dam Miss Green by Highflyer; 5tli dam Harriet by Matchem ; 6th dam Flora by Eegulus.
Hokee Pokee Maee, ch. f., foaled 1836, bred by Mr. Gratwicke; sent to America to Dr. J. C. Nott. By Hokee Pokee. 1st dam
G12 THE HOESE.
by Phantom ; 2d dam sister to Election by Golianna ; 3d dam Chestnut Skim by Woodpecker; 4th dam Silver's dam by Herod ; 5 th dam Young Hag by Skim, etc.
Hope, No. 1, f., said to have been imported by Dr. Tate, of Philadel- phia. By Volunteer. She cannot be found in Weatherby; nothing is known concerniHg her pedigree. — S. D. B. 1st dam by Herod ; 2d dam by Snap.
Hope, No. 2 (called Lady Hope), ch. f., foaled 1826, bred by Mr. Eawlinson; imported by E. H. Boardman, Huntsville, Ala. By Eubens. 1st dam by Haphazard; 2d dam Promise by Walton ; 3d dam Parasol by Pot-8-o's ; 4tli dam Prunella by Highflyer; 5th dam Promise by Snap; 6th dam Julia by Blank ; 7 th dam Spectator's dam Partner, etc.
Hyacinth, ch. f., foaled 1836, bred by Mr. Hurd ; imported into North Carolina by A. J. Davie, Esq. By Barytes. 1st dam Zafra by Partizan ; 2d dam Zada by Sir Peter ; 3d dam Alexina by King Fergus. (See Clink's pedigree.)
LSTALID, br. f., foaled 1822, bred by Sir T. Mostyn ; imported by Messrs. Corbin, Virginia. By Whisker. 1st dam Helen by Hambletonian ; 2d dam Susan by Overton; 3d dam Drowsy by Drone ; 4th dam Old England mare by Old England ; 5th dam by Cullen Arabian ; Gth dam Miss Cade by Cade ; 7th dam Miss Makeless by son of Greyhound (out of Farewell) ; 8th dam by Partner; 9th dam Miss Doe's dam by Woodcock ; lOtli dam by Crofts' Bay Barb ; 11th dam Desdemona's dam by Makeless, etc.
IsrvEKCAULD, br. f., foaled 1866; imported in mother's belly by Mr. E. W. Cameron, New York. By St. Albans : dam Eleanor by Voltigeur. (See imp. Eleanor.)
Inveelockt, b. f., foaled 1866, bred by Sir J. Hanmer; imported by E. W. Cameron, Esq., Staten Island, N. Y. By Old Calabar. 1st dam Veronica by Cruiser ; 2d dam Speedwell by Physician ; 3d dam by Wanton or Don Juan ; 4th dam (sister to Benedick) by Eemembrancer ; 5th dam Beatrice by Sir Peter; 6th dam Pyrrha by Matchem; 7th dam Duchess by Whitenose; 8th dam Miss Slamerkin by Young True Blue ; 9th dam by Oxford Dun Arabian ; 10th dam D'Arcy's Black-legged Eoyal mare.
Inverness, b. f., foaled 1866, bred by Mr. E. C. Naylor ; imported by E. W. Cameron, Esq., Staten Island, N. Y. By Macaroni. 1st dam Elfrida by Faugh-a-Ballagh ; 2d dam Espoir by Liver-
LIST OF IMPOETED MARES. 613
pool ; 3cl dam Esperance by Lapclog ; 4th dam Grisette by Mer- lin ; 5th dam Coquette by Dick Andrews ; 6th dam Vanity by Buzzard; 7th dam Dabchick by Pot-8-o's ; 8th dam Drab by Highflyer ; 9th dam Hebe by Chrysolite ; 10th dam Proserpine (sister to Eclipse) by Marske ; lltli dam Spiletta by Eegulus ; 12tli dam Mother Western by Smith's son of Snake ; 13 th dam by Lord D'Arcy's Old Montagu ; 14th dam by Hautboy ; 15th dam by Brimmer. Inveruglass, br. f., foaled 1866, bred by Sir J. Hanmer ; imported by E. W. Cameron, Esq., Staten Island, N. Y. By Old Calabar. 1st dam Juniper by Bay Middleton ; 2d dam The Fawn by Ven- ison ; 3d dam Cecelia by Comus ; 4th dam Miss Maltby by Fil- ho-da-Puta; 5th dam Mrs. Maltby by Cervantes; 6th dam Leg- acy by King Fergus ; 7th dam Mortonia by Herod ; 8th dam by Northumberland; 9tli dam (Ferret's dam) by Eegulus; 10th dam by Lord Morton's Arabian ; 11th dam byMixbury; 12th dam by Mulso Bay Turk ; 13tli dam by Bay Bolton ; 14th dam by Coneyskins ; 15th dam by Hutton's Grey Barb ; 16th dam by Byerly Turk; 17th dam by Bustler.
Isabel, b. £, foaled 1830, bred by Mr. Dyson; imported into New York in ship Ira, 1833. By Blacklock. 1st dam by Filho-da- Puta ; 2d dam by Dick Andrews ; 3d dam Miss Watt by Del- pini ; 4tb dam by Trumpator ; 5th dam Demirep by Highflyer ; 6th dam Brim by Squirrel ; 7th dam Helen by Blank ; 8th dam by Crab ; 9th dam sister to Partner.
Isabella, br. f, foaled 1802, bred by Lord Clermont; imported by Gen. McPherson into South Carolina ; owned by O'Brien Smith, Esq. By Trumpator. 1st dam Demirep (sister to Noble) by Highflyer; 2d dam Brim by Squirrel; 3d dam Helen by Blank ; 4th dam by Crab ; 5th dam sister to Partner
Isabella, ch. f., foaled 1819, bred by Mr. Ferguson; imported by Admiral Sir Isaac CoflBn into New York, January, 1830. By Comus. In foal to Lottery when imported. 1st dam by Shuttle ; 2d dam by Oberon ; 3d dam by Phoenomenon ; 4th dam Calliope by Slouch ; 5th dam Lass of the Mill by Oroo- noko ; 6th dam by Traveler ; 7th dam Miss Makeless by son of Greyhound.
Jack Spigot Mare, f., foaled , bred by Mr. Eiddell ; sent to
the United States in 1839. By Jack Spigot. 1st dam Jeanne
614
THE HORSE.
D'Arc by Comiis ; 2d dam by Pipator ; 3d dam by Delpini ; 4th dam Tuberose by Herod ; 5th dam Grey StarHng by Starling ; Gth dam Coughing Polly by Bartlett's Childers; 7th dam by Counsellor,
Janette, b. f., foaled 1791, bred by Mr. Harris; imported into Vir- ginia by Col. John Hoomes, Bowling Green, Ya., 1798. By Mercury. 1st dam by Highflyer ; 2d dam Miranda by Snap ; 3d dam Miss Middleton by Eegulus ; 4th dam Camilla by son of Bay Bolton ; 5tli dam by Bartlet's Childers ; Gth dam by Honeywood's Arabian ; 7th dam, dam of the two True Blues.
Jane WellinTtTON", b. f., owned by John Miller, Esq., Kichmond, Va. ; foaled soon after her dam's landing at Norfolk, Va. By Sweet Eobin, an Irish horse, dam by Merryfield. She cannot be found in English Stud Book.
Javelina, f,, by Javelin in England ; imported by Col. J. Hoomes, Virginia. Died learing no produce.
Jenny Cameeon, f. ; imported by Col. John Tayloe, of Virginia, prior to the Eevolution ; said to be by sou of Fox. A certificate of Col. Tayloe, dated 1773, makes her by Cuddy (son of Fox), out of Mr. Witty's famous mare Cabbage-wise ; neither can be substantiated in English Stud Book. 1st dam Miss Belvoir by Grey Grantham ; 2d dam by Paget Turk ; 3d dam Betty Perci- yal by Leedes' Arabian ; 4th dam by Spanker,
Jenny Dismal, f ; imj)orted by Col. Baylor, before the Revolution ; said to have been gotten by the famous plate horse Old Dismal, son of the Godolphin Arabian, her dam by Lord Godolphin's Whitefoot. She cannot be identified in the English Stud Book.
Jenny Mills, ch. £, foaled 1825, bred by Mr. Watts ; imported by L. J. Polk, of Tennessee, 1838. In foal by Plenipotentiary. By Whisker, 1st dam Hornsea's dam by Cerberus; 2d dam Miss Cranfield by Sir Peter; 3d dam by Pegasus; 4th dam sister to Sir Sidney by Paymaster ; 5th dam Pomona by Herod ; Gth dam Caroline by Snap ; 7th dam by Eegulus ; 8th dam by Hip; 9th dam by Hartley's blind horse; lOtli dam Flying Whig b^ Woodstock Arabian.
Jessica, ch. f, foaled 1832, bred by ; imported into Ken- tucky by Messrs. T. H. & H. Clay, Jr. By Velocipede. 1st dam by Sanclio ; 2d dam Blacklock's dam by Coriander ; 3d dam Wildgoose by Highflyer ; 4th dam Coheiress by Pot-8-o's ;
LIST OF IMPORTED MARES, 615
5tli clam Manilla by Goldfinder; Gtli dam Mr. Goodricke's Old England mare. Jerusalem, b. f., bred by Mr. A. Johnston, foaled 1856, by Jericho ; imported by E. W. Cameron, Esq., of New York ; covered by St. Albans. 1st dam Selina by Orlando; 2d dam the Ladye or Silverkeld Well by Velocipede ; 3d dam Emma (dam of Trustee, Mundig and King or Kelton) by Whisker ; 4th dam Gibside Fairy by Hermes ; 5th dam Vicissitude by Pipator ; 6th dam Beatrice by Sir Peter Teazle ; 7th dam Pyrrha by Matchem ; 8th dam Duchess by Whitenose ; 9th dam Miss Slammerkin by Young True Blue ; 10th dam by Oxford Dun Arabian; 11th dam D'Arc/s Black-legged Eoyal mare.
Kill Devil, bl. f., foaled 1833, bred by Mr. Beardsworth ; imported by Thos. FlintofiF, Esq., Nashville, Tenn. By Belzoni. 1st dam Livonia by Smolensko ; 2d dam Stella by L'Orient ; 3d dam by Euler; 4th dam Magdalena by Highflyer; 5th dam by Matchem ; 6th dam sister to Dainty Davy by Old Traveler ; 7th dam Slighted-by-All by Fox Cub ; 8th dam by Jigg ; 9th dam Matchem's grandam.
KiXG Tom Mare, b. f., foaled 1859, by King Tom; bred by Capt. J. H. Shepworth, Brigg, Lincolnshire ; imported by Messrs. Dudley & Bruce, agents of Kentucky Importing Company. This filly died on board the ship Lancaster, in the port of Liv- erpook 1st dam Little Cassino by Liheritor ; 2d dam Maid of Team Valley's dam by Waverly ; 3d dam Swiss dam by Shuttle ; 4tli dam Lady Fidget by Fidget ; 5th dam by Alfred ; 6th dam Magnolia by Marske ; 7th dam by Babraham ; 8th dam by Sed- bury ; 9th dam Ebony by Childers; lOtli dam Old Ebony (sister to Brown Betty) by Basto ; 11th dam Massey mare by Mr. Massey's Black Barb.
Kitty Bull, ch. f , bred by Lord Grosvenor ; imported by General Hampton into South Carolina; foaled 1796. By John Bull. 1st dam Isabella by Eclipse; 2d dam Isabel's dam by Squirrel; 3d dam Ancaster Nancy by Blank ; 4th dam Phoebe by Tor- toise ; 5th dam by Looby ; 6th dam by Partner ; 7th dam by Woodcock ; 8th dam by Makeless ; 9th dam by Brimmer ; lOtli dam by Dicky Pierson ; 11th dam Burton Barb mare.
Kitty Fisher, gr. f ; imported before the Eevolution; said to have been bred by Marquis of Granby; imported by Carter Braxton, Esq. By Cade. First dam by the Cullen Arabian,
016 THE nORSE.
out of the famous mare Bald Charlotte. She cannot he found in English Stjid Book. She was unquestionably thorough-bred, and raced well in America.
La Bayadere, b. f., foaled 1831, bred by Lord Chesterfield ; im- jDorted into Canada, 1836, by H. P. Simmons, Esq. By Levi- athan. 1st dam Dahlia by Phantom ; 2d dam by Waxy ; 3d dam Mose's dam by Gohanna ; 4th dam Grey Skim by AVood- pecker; 5th dam Silver's dam by Herod ; 6th dam Young Hag by Skim; T'th dam Hag by Crab; 8th dam Ebony by Childers; 9th dam Old Ebony by Basto ; 10th dam Massey mare by Mr. Massey's Black Barb.
Lady Bull, b. f., foaled 1796, bred by Sir C. Bunbury; imported by Col. John Hoomes, Bowling Green, Va., 1799. By John Bull. 1st dam by Pumpkin ; 2d dam Eleacatcher by Gold- finder; 3d dam by Squirrel; 4th dam by Ball; 5th dam by Lath ; 6th dam sister to Snip. She ran in America, but left no produce. Only one colt is said to have been foaled to her by imported Stirling, which died.
Lady Bunbfry, b. f., foaled 1802, bred by Sir Charles Bunbury; imported by Hon. John Eandolph, Roanoke, Va. By Trumpa- tor. 1st dam Theopha by Highflyer; 2d dam Playtliing by Matchem ; 3d dam Vixen by Eegulus ; 4th dam by Button's Spot ; 5th dam by Fox Cub ; 6th dam by Bay Bolton ; 7th dam by Coneyskins ; 8th dam by Hutton's Grey Barb ; 9th dam by Byerly Turk ; lOtli dam by Bustler.
Lady Elizabeth, b. f., foaled 1808, bred by Ld. Londesborough ; imported by Jas. E. Smith, Jr., Esq., New York. By Ather- stone : dam imported Wombat by West Australian. (See imp. Wombat.)
Lady Emily, b. £, foaled 1826, bred by Mr. Udney; sent to United States in 1836, covered by St. Patrick. By Emelius. 1st dam Antiope by Whalebone ; 2d dam Amazon by Driver ; 3d dam Fractious by Mercury; 4th dam by Woodpecker ; 5th dam Everlasting by Eclipse ; 6th dam Hyena by Snap ; 7th dam Miss Belsea by Eegulus ; 8th dam by Bartlett's Childers ; 9th dam by Honeywood's Arabian ; lOth dam Mr. Bowe's Byerly mare, dam of the two True Blues.
Lady Fly, b. f, foaled 1829, bred by Mr. Dilly; imported by Hugh Kirkman, Esq., Alabama. By Bustard. 1st dam Brown
LIST OF IMPORTED MAEES. ^I'J'
Duchess by Orville ; 2d dam Sagana by Sorcerer ; 3d dam by Woodpecker; 4th dam by Herod.
Lady G. (Lady Gascoigne), eh. f., foaled 1804, bred by Sir Thomas Gascoigne ; imported by Hon. John Eandolph, Koanoke, Va., 1815. By Hambletouian. She was the dam of Magician in England. 1st dam Golden Locks by Delpini; 2d dam Violet by Sharke ; 3d dam by Syphon ; 4th dam Quick's Charlotte by Blank; 5th dam by Crab; 6th dam by Dyer's Dimple; 7th dam by BetheFs Castaway ; 8th dam by "Why-not ; 9th dam by Eoyal mare.
Lady Geey, gr. f., foaled 1803, bred by Lord Egremont ; imported
by . By Gohanua. 1st dam Greyskim by Woodpecker;
2d dam Silver's dam by Herod ; 3d dam Young Hag by Skim ; 4th dam Hag by Cral) ; 5th dam Ebony by Childers ; Gth dam Ebony by Basto; 7th dam Massey mare.
Lady Mosttn, br. £, foaled 1831, bred by Sir Thomas Mostyn ; imported by F. P. Corbyn, Esq., Virginia ; cold to Com. R. F. Stockton, New Jersey. By Teniers. 1st dam Invalid by Whisker ; 2d dam Helen by Hambletouian ; 3d dam Susan by Overton; 4th dam Drowsy by Drone; 5th dam by Old Eng- land ; 6th dam by Cullen Arabian ; 7th dam Miss Cade by Cade; 8th dam Miss Makeless by son of Greyhound.
Lady Nokthumberlant), f., foaled , bred by ; imported
by Hon. John Tayloe, Mount Airy, Va. By JSTorthumberland. She cannot be found in Weatherby ; her pedigree is doubtless correctly given. 1st dam by Shakespeare ; 2d dam by Eegulus ; 3d dam by Parker's Snip ; 4th dam by Old Partner ; 5tli dam by Bloody Buttocks ; 6th dam by Greyhound ; 7th dam by Make- less ; 8th dam by Brimmer ; 9th dam by Place's White Turk ; 10th dam by Dodsworth ; 11th dam Layton's Barb mare.
Lady Scott, br. f., foaled , bred by ; imported by R. D.
Shepherd, Virginia ; owned by John M. Clay, Esq., Lexington, Ky. By Ardrossan. 1st dam Dodo by Viscount; 2d dam Brilliante by Whiskey ; 3d dam by Diomed ; 4th dam by Im- perator ; 5th dam Otheothea by Otho ; 6tli dam by Snap ; 7th dam by Eegulus ; 8th dam Wildair's dam by Steady.
Lady Sheffield, ch. f., foaled 1837, bred by Mr. Turner; imported into South Carolina. By Recovery. Dam Primrose by Comus.
(See Primrose.)
618 THE HOESE.
Lady Sykes, gr. f., foaled 1850, bred by Sir Tatton Sykes ; imported by James Fullington, Esq., 1857; owned by E. M. Bennett, Woodstock, Ohio. By Sleigh t-of-IIand. 1st dam Wicket by Stumps; 2d dam by Phantom; 3d dam sister to Consul by Camillus ; 4tli dam by Shuttle ; 5th dam Eliza by Highflyer ; Gth dam Augusta by Eclipse ; ^th dam by Herod ; 8th dam by Bajazet ; 9tli dam by Eegulus ; 10th dam by Lonsdale Arabian ; 11th dam by Bay Bolton ; 12th dam by Darley's Arabian.
Lanercost Mare, b. f., foaled 1844, bred by Mr. Foljambe; im- ported 1858 by A. Keen Eichards, Esq., Scott county, Ky. By Lanercost. 1st dam The Nun by Catton; 2d dam by Paynator; 3d dam sister to Zodiac by St. George ; 4tli dam Abigail by Woodpecker ; 5th dam Firetail by Eclipse ; 6th dam by Blank ; 7th dam by Cade ; 8th dam Spectator's dam by Partner ; 9tli dam Bonny Lass by Bay Bolton ; 10th dam by Darley's Ara- bian ; 11th dam by Byerly Turk ; 12th dam by Taffolet Barb ; 13th dam by Place's White Turk; 14th dam Natural Barb mare.
Langar Mare, ch. f., foaled 1836, bred by Lord Chesterfield; im- ported into South Carolina by Col. Singleton. By Langar. 1st dam by Whisker ; 2d dam Tramp's dam by Gohanna ; 3d dam Eraxinella by Trentham ; 4th dam by Woodpecker ; 5tli dam Everlasting by Eclipse. (See Lady Emily.)
Langae Mare, ch. £, foaled 1836, bred by Mr. Gratwicke ; im- ported by CoL Wade Hampton, South Carolina. Ovvmed by John Manning, Esq. By Langar. 1st dam the Balkan by Blacklock ; 2d dam Mrs. Fry by Walton ; 3d dam Vourneen by Sorcerer; 4th dam Tovee by Buzzard; 5tli dam Violet by Shark ; Gth dam by Syphon ; 7th dam Quick's Charlotte by Blank ; 8th dam by Crab, etc., etc.
Langar Mare, f., foaled 1837 or '38, bred by ; imported by
. By Langar. 1st dam by Blacklock; 2d dam Marchesa
(sister to My Lady) by Comus. (See My Lady.)
Langar Mare, b. f., foaled 1838, bred by Mr. Bowers ; imported by J. M. Eouzan, Esq., Louisiana. By Langar. 1st dam by Waxy, Lady Stafford's dam ; 2d dam Bizarre l^y Peruyian ; 3d dam Violante by John Bull ; 4tli dam sister to Skyscraper by Highflyer ; 5th dam Everlasting by Eclipse ; Gth dam Hyena by Snap ; 7th dam Miss Belsea by Eegulus.
L'Anglaise, b. f., foaled 1859, by Hobbie Noble, bred by Her Majesty, Hampton Court; imported by Messrs. Dudley &
LIST OF IMPORTED MARES.
619
Bruce, agents of Kentucky Importing Company, 1860. The property of J. S. Watson, Esq., Valley Brook Farm, K J. 1st dam Peri by Irisli Birdcatcher ; 2d dam Perdita by Langar ; 3d dam Delenda by Gohanna ; 4tb dam Carthage by Driver (sister to Hannibal); 5th dam Fractious by Mercury; 6th dam by Woodpecker; 7th dam Everlasting by Echpse (dam of Sky- scraper; 8th dam Hyena by Snap; 9th dam Miss Belsea by Eegulus; 10th dam by Bartlett's Childers ; 11th dam by Honey- wood's Arabian ; 12th dam Byerly mare (dam of the two True Blues).
LAPDoa Mare, b, f., foaled 1836, bred by Mr. E. Prince; imported by Col. Singleton, South Carolina. By Lapdog. 1st dam Mis- chance by Merlin; 2d dam by Haphazard; 3d dam Web by Waxy, etc., etc. (See Glencoe.)
Lapdog Mare, b. f., foaled 1836, bred by Lord Lowther ; imported by Drs. Nott & Feme into Mobile, Ala. By Lapdog. 1st dam Pomona by Vespasian ; 2d dam by Walton ; 3d dam Young Giantess by Diomed; 4tli dam Giantess by Matchem; 5tli dam Molly Long-legs by Babraham ; 6th dam by Cole's Fox Hunter ; 7th dam Partner ; 8th dam Eoxana by the Bald Galloway ; 9th dam sister to Chanter by the Ankaster Turk; 10th dam by Leedes' Arabian ; lltli dam by Spanker.
Likeness, ch. t, foaled 1834, bred by Mr. Batson ; imported by A. J. Davie, North Carolina. By Sir Peter Lely. She was trained and run in the United States with some success by E. H. Long, Esq., Alabama. 1st dam Worthless by Walton ; 2d dam Altisi- dora by Dick Andrews ; 3d dam Mundane by Pot-8-o's ; 4th dam Young Camilla by Woodpecker; 5th dam Camilla by Trentham; 6th dam Coquette by Compton Barb; 7th dam sister to Eegulus by Godolphin Arabian.
Lilly, b. f , foaled 1834, bred by His Majesty ; imported by Col. Wade Hampton, South Carolina. Given to Col. Fludd. By The Colonel. 1st dam Fleur de Lis by Bourbon; 2d dam Lady Eachael by Stamford ; 3d dam Young Eachael by Volun- teer. (See imported Sovereign.)
Little Jane, b. f., foaled 1840, bred by Mr. J. Osborne ; imported
by . By Liverpool or The Mole. 1st dam by Cerberus ;
2d dam Diana by Kill Devil ; 3d dam by Pot-8-o's ; 4th dam Maid of all Work by Highflyer; 5th dam sister to Tandem by
620 THE HORSE.
Syphon ; Gtli dam by Eegulus ; 7th dam by Snip ; 8th dam by Cottingham ; 9th dam Warlock Galloway by Snake.
LOTTEET Mare, b. f., foaled 1832, bred byMr. Kirby; imported into South Carolina; owned by Col. Singleton. By Lottery. 1st dam by Whisker ; 2d dam by Bay Trophonius ; 3d dam by Slope; 4th dam Lardella by Young Marske; 5th dam by Cade ; 6tli dam Beaufremont's dam by brother to Fearnought, etc.
Lottery Mare, b. f., foaled 1834, bred by Mr. J. Eichardson, of New York; imported by Eezin D. Shepherd, Esq., Virginia; owned by Henry Shepherd, Esq. By Lottery. 1st dam sister to Goshawk by Merlin ; 2d dam Coquette by Dick Andrews. (See Gabriella.)
LOUF Garou Mare, b. f., foaled 1859, by Loup Garou, bred by Mr. Simpson Diss, Cambridgeshire ; imported 1860, by Messrs. Dud- ley & Bruce, agents of Kentucky Company. Lately the prop- erty of D. F. Kenner, Louisiana. 1st dam Kitty Fishington by Amphion ; 2d dam Shield by Defence ; 3d dam Arabella by The Colonel ; 4th dam Isabella by Comus ; 5th dam Shepherdess by Shuttle ; 6th dam by Buzzard ; 7th dam Ann of the Forest by King Fergus ; 8th dam Miss West by Matchem ; 9th dam by Eegulus; 10th dam by Crab; 11th dam by Childers; 12th dam by Basto.
LtjCious, br. f., foaled 1856, bred at the Swalcliffe stud ; imported into Boston, Mass., 1860 ; covered by Wild Dayrell. By Sweet- meat. 1st dam Kilmeny by Picaroon ; 2d dam Brandy Snap by Muley Moloch ; 3d dam Belinda by Blacklock ; 4th dam Wag- tail by Prime Minister ; 5th dam by Orville ; 6th dam Miss Grimstone by Weasel ; 7th dam by Ancaster ; 8 th dam by Da- mascus Arabian ; 9th dam by Sampson ; 10th dam by Oroo- noko ; 11th dam Sophia (sister to Mirza).
Lucy, b. f , foaled 1829, bred by Mr. Bolton King ; imported by Col. Wade Hampton, South Carolina (covered by Camel before leav- ing England), 1837. By Cain. 1st dam by Bustard (son of Castrel); 2d dam by Walton; 3d dam Gipsey by Guildford; 4th dam America by Imperator, etc., etc.
Luna, b. f., foaled 1824, bred by Mr. James Moon ; sent to America, 1839 ; covered by Onus. By AVanderer. 1st dam by Canopus ; 2d dam by Teddy-the-Grinder; 3d dam by Precipitate; 4th dam by Pumpkin.
LIST OF IMPORTED MARES. 631
LuELiNE, br. f., foaled 18G0, bred by Mr. Hilton; imported into Nova Scotia, 1865; covered by Diopliautus. By Gemma di Vergy : dam Eepartee by Pantaloon ; 2d dam Eetort by Camel ; 3d dam Banter by Master Henry ; 4th dam Bodicea by Alexan- der ; 5tli dam Brunette by Amarantlius ; 6th dam Mayfly by Matchem ; 7th dam by Ancaster Starling ; 8th dam by Grass- hopper; 9th dam by Newton's Arabian; lOtli dam by Pert; 11th dam by St. Martin ; 12 th dam by Sir E. Hale's Arabian ; 13th dam the Oldfield mare.
Madcap, b. f., foaled 1793, bred by Mr. 0. Kelly; imported into the United States in 1794, by Col. Tayloe, Virginia. By Anvil. 1st dam Madcap by Eclipse ; 2d dam by Blank ; 3d dam by Blaze ; 4th dam by Young Greyhound ; 5th dam by Curwen's Bay Barb.
Maggy Lauder, f., foaled , bred by ; imported by Cap- tain Campbell. By Cripple. Eirst dam Lord D'Arcy's Eoyal mare.
Maid of Honor, b. f., yearling, bred by Her Majesty, at Hampton Court, foaled 1864 ; imported by K. W. Cameron, Esq., New York. By Newminster. 1st dam Himalaya .(darn of Imaus and Hydaspes) by Bay Middleton ; 2d dam Moodkee by Ven- ison ; 3d dam Young Defiance by Saracen ; 4th dam Defiance by Eubens' dam of Defence, Delight, Dauntless and Design ; 5th dam Little Folly by Highland Fling (dam of Eliza and Triumph) ; 6th dam Harriet by Volunteer (dam of Usquebaugh and Flash) ; 7th dam Lady Sarah's dam by Alfred ; 8th dam Magnolia by Marske; 9th dam by Babraham; 10th dam by Sedbury ; 11th dam by Childers.
Maid of Orleans, b. f., foaled 1840, bred by ; imported by
; owned, 1843, by J. W. Walsh, Esq. By Stockport.
1st dam sister to Ellis by Langar ; 2d dam Olympia by Sir Oliver ; 3d dam Scotilla by Anvil ; 4th dam Scota by Eclipse ; 5tli dam by Herod ; 6th dam Eutilia by Blank ; 7tli dam by Eegulus ; 8th dam by Soreheels ; 9th dam by Makeless ; 10th dam Christopher D'Arcy's Eoyal mare.
Maid of Eoyston, foaled 1864, bred by Mr. Kruckenberg; imported into Canada 1868; covered by Claret. By Knight of the Kars : dam Henham Lass by The Flying Dutchman ; 2d dam La Bonne by Alpheus ; 3d dam Boarding School Miss by Plenipo- tentiary ; 4th dam Marpessa by Mulcy ; 5th dam Clare by Mar-
623 THE HORSE.
mion ; Gth dam Harpalice by Gohauna ; 7th dam Amazon by Driver ; 8th dam Fractions by Mercury ; 9th dam by Wood- pecker; 10th dam Everlasting byEcliiise; 11th dam Hyaena by Snap; 12th dam Miss Belsea by Eegulus; 13th dam byBart- lett's Cliilders ; 14th dam Byerly mare, dam of two True Bhies.
Maid of Wirrel, oh. f., foaled 1833, bred by Sir T. Stanly; im- ported by . By Battledore. 1st dam Maid of Lord by
Castrel ; 2d dam by Richardson's Marske ; 3d dam by Rocking- ham; 4tli dam Butterfly by Eclipse ; 5th dam by Lord Port- more's Highlander; 6th dam by Babraham; 7th dam Puss by Steady.
Malibrai^, ch. f., foaled , bred by Sir L. Glynn ; imported into
Alabama by E. H. Boardman, Esq. ; covered by Glaucus ; owned by Charles McLaren, Alabama. By Muley. 1st dam Prima Donna by Soothsayer ; 2d dam Tippitywitchet by AYaxy ; 3d dam Hare by Sweetbriar; 4th dam by Justice; 5th dam by Chymist; 6th dam by South; 7th dam sister to Sir James Lowther's Babraham.
Mambrina, ch. f., foaled 1785, bred by Lord Grosvenor; imported into South Carolina in 1787. By Mambrino. 1st dam sister to Naylor's Sally by Blank ; 2d dam by Ward ; 3d dam by Mer- lin ; 4tli dam by Pert ; 5th dam by St. Martin's.
Mambriko Mare, br. f., foaled 1834, bred by Lord Fitzwilham ; imjiorted into South Carolina by Mr. Porcher; owned by W. J. Taylor, Esq. By Mambrino. 1st dam Clinkerina by Clinker; 2d dam Pewet by Tandem ; 8d dam Termagant by Tantrum ; 4th dam Cantatrice by Sampson ; 5th dam by Regulus ; 6th dam Marske's dam by Hutton's Blacklegs.
Mango, ch. f., foaled 1836 ; imported in her dam's belly by H. & J. Kirkman, Nashville, Tenn. By English Taurus. First dam imported Pickle l)y Emelius. (See Pickle.) She ran in United States successfully.
Mania, f., foaled 1827, bred by Mr. ElHs ; imported into South Car- olina ; owned by R. M. Deveaux. By Figaro. 1st dam Maniac by Shuttle ; 2d dam Offa's Dyke's dam by Benningbrough ; 3d dam Expectation by Herod ; 4tli dam by Skim ; 5th dam by Janus ; 6th dam Spinster by Crab ; 7th dam the Widdrington mare by Partner ; 8th dam sister to Squirrel's dam by Bloody Buttocks; 9th dam by Greyhound; 10th dam by Makeless;
LIST OF IMPORTED MARES. 633
11th dam by Brimmer; 12th dam by Place's White Turk ; 13th dam by Dodsworth ; 14th dam Layton Barb mare. Marchesa, b. f., foaled 1835, bred by Mr. Eidsdale ; imported into Louisiana, and owned by John Ronth, Esq. By Tramp. Dam Marchesa (sister to My Lady) by Comus. (See My Lady.)
Margravine, ch. f., foaled 1835, bred by Mr. Arrowsmith ; imported in foal to Langar, 1841, by J. M. Roiizan, Esq., New Orleans, La. By Margrave (before his importation). 1st dam (sister to Memnon) by Whisker; 2d dam Mannella by Dick Andrews; 3d dam Mandane by Pot-8-o's ; 4th dam Young Camilla by Woodpecker. (See Likeness.)
Maria Black, br. £, foaled 1834, bred by Mr. W. Turner ; imported by H. A. Tayloe, Louisiana ; owned by James L. Bradley, Esq., Lexington, Ky. By Filho-da-Puta. 1st dam by Smolensko; 2d dam by Sir Peter ; 3d dam by Mambrino ; 4th dam Marigold by Herod ; 5th dam Toy (sister to Pacolet) by Blank ; 6th dam Whiteneck by Crab ; 7th dam by Godolphin Arabian ; 8th dam by Conyer's Arabian ; 9th dam Curwen's Bay Barb ; 10th dam by Marshall's Spot; 11th dam White-legged Chestnut Lowther Barb ; 12th dam A^intner mare.
Marigold, ch. f., foaled 1829, bred by Mr. Yates; imported into South Carolina. By Cain. 1st dam Matilda by Orville ; 2d dam by Sorcerer ; 3d dam Matilda by Whisker ; 4th dam (sister to Toby) by Highflyer ; 5th dam by Matchem ; 6th dam Dainty Davy ; 7th dam by Son of Mogul ; 8th dam by Crab ; 9th dam by Bay Bolton ; 10th dam by Curwen's Bay Barb.
Maritan-a, bl. f., foaled 1853, bred by ; imported into Canada
by Sheriff Grange. By Flatcatcher. 1st dam by Voltair; 2d dam Eowena by .
Mary Gray, gr. f., foaled 1742, bred by Mr. Crofts ; imported into the United States in 1746. By Roundhead. 1st dam Ringbone by Crofts' Partner ; 2d dam by Crofts' Bay Barb ; 3d dam by ]\Iakeless ; 4th dam by Brimmer ; 5th dam by Dicky Pierson ; 6th dam Burton Barb mare.
Matilda Routh, b. f, foaled 1835, bred by Mr. Thornhill; im- ported by ; oAvned by John Routh, Esq., Louisiana. By
Merchant. 1st dam Medelina (dam of Esprit and Muzee) by Cervantes ; 2d dam Mary by Sir Peter ; 3d dam by Diomed ; 4th dam Desdemona by Marske ; 5th dam Young Hag by Skim ; 6th dam Hag by Crab ; 7th dam Ebony by Childers, etc.
634 THE nOESE.
Maud, b. f., foaled 1859, by Stockwell ; bred by Lord Londesborough ; imported by Messrs. Dudley & Bruce, agents of the Kentucky Importing Company. The property of John Hunter, Esq., New York. 1st dam Countess of Albermarle by Lanercost; 2d dam (sister to Hornsea) by Velocipede ; 3d dam by Cereberus; 4th dam Miss Cranfield by Sir Peter Teazle ; 5th dam by Pegasus ; 6th dam by Paymaster ; 7th dam Pomona by Herod ; 8th dam Caroline by Snap ; 9th dam by Kegulus ; 10th dam by Hip; 11th dam Large Hartley, by Hartley's blind horse; 13th dam Flying Whig by WiHiam's Woodstock Arabian ; 13th dam by St. Victor Barb ; 14th dam by Why-not (a son of Fenwick Barb) ; 15th dam Eoyal mare.
Medora (called also Pomona), b. f., foaled 1833, bred by Lord Fitz- william ; imported into South Carolina by Col. Singleton. By Chateau Margaux (before his importation). 1st dam Marianne by Sorcerer ; 2d dam Thomasina by Tiraothy ; 3d dam Violet by Shark ; 4th dam by Syphon ; 5th dam Charlotte by Blank ; 6th dam by Crab ; 7th dam by Dyer's Dimple ; ; 8th dam by Why-not ; 9tli dam Eoyal mare.
Meleose, f., foaled 1845, bred by Mr. Lane Fox; imported by A. Kean Eichards, Scott county, Ky. By Melbourne. 1st dam Clarkia by Muley Moloch ; 2d dam sister to Eighton, by Pal- merin (son of Amadis, out of own sister to Orville) ; 3d dam Oceana by Cerberus; 4tli dam by Benningbrough ; 5th dam Jenny Mole by Carbuncle ; 6th dam by Prince T'Quassaw ; 7th dam by Eegulus ; 8th dam by Partner.
Memxoit Maee, b. f., foaled 1833, bred by Mr. Painter ; imported
by , in ship China, to Charleston, S. C. By Memnon.
1st dam Eleanor by Muley; 2d dam by Sancho; 3d dam by Sir Harry; 4th dam by Florizel; 5th dam Nosegay by Justice; 6th dam Nosegay by Snap ; 7tli dam Flora by Young Cade ; 8th dam Midge by son of Bay Bolton ; 9th dam by Childers.
Meemaid, t, foaled , bred by Wm. Haxall, Virginia, who im- ported her mother Promise. By Waxy. Dam imported Promise by Buzzard (which see).
Meeet Lass (called also Lovely Lass), f. ; imported by Peter Ean- dolph, Virginia. Pedigi-ee cannot be identified.
MiLLiNEE, b. f , foaled 1836, bred by Mr. Thornhill ; imported by Col. Wade Hampton, S. C. By Merchant. 1st dam Surprise by Scud; 2d dam Manfreda by Williamson's Ditto; 3d dam
LIST OF IMPOETED MAKES. 625
Tawny bj Mentor ; 4tli dam Jemima by Satellite ; 5th dam Waxy's dam (Maria) by Herod ; 6th dam Lisette by Snap ; 7th dam Miss Windsor by Godolpliin Arabian ; 8th dam sister to Wy^dll's Volunteer by Young Belgrave ; 9th dam by Bartlett's Childers.
Miranda, b. f., foaled 1827, bred by Mr. Ryan ; imported by E. H. Boardman, Huntsville, Ala., with br. filly, foal by Camel, and covered by Glaucus. By Wofal. 1st dam by Benniugbrough ; 2d dam Blacklock's dam by Coriander ; 3d dam Wildgoose by Highflyer; 4th dam Coheiress byPot-8-o's; 5tli dam Manilla by Goldfinder ; 6th dam Mr. Goodrike's Old England mare.
Misfortune, by Pantaloon ; imported by Col. J. Hoomes, Virginia. Died leaving no produce.
Miss Accident, b. f., foaled 1835, bred by Mr. Eidsdale ; imported by J. G. Winter, Esq., Georgia. By Tramp. First dam Flor- estine by Whisker. (See Florestine.) She was trained and ran in America.
Miss Andrews, b. f, foaled 1826, bred by Lord Scarborough; im- ported into Kentucky by Messrs. T. H. & H. Clay, Jr. By Catton. 1st dam by Dick Andrews; 2d dam by Sir Peter; 3d dam Play or Pay's dam by Herod ; 4th dam by Eegulus ; 5th dam Royal George's dam by Rib; 6th dam by Snake; 7th dam by Coneyskins ; 8tli dam by Huttou's Barb.
Miss Bennington, f., foaled , bred by ; imported by
Dr. Wm. Thornton, Washington, D. C. By Escape. 1st dam by Lord Percy's Ali-Bey; 2d dam by King Herod ; 3d dam by Old Snap ; 4th dam (Chalkstone dam) by Crab ; 5th dam Miss Meredith by Cade ; 6th dam Little Hartley mare by Bartlett's Childers; 7tli dam Flying Whig by William's Woodstock Arabian ; 8th dam by St. Victor Barb.
Miss Clinker, b. f , foaled 1835, bred and owned by Col. J. B. Richardson, of South Carolina. By Humphrey Clinker. First dam imported Mania by Figaro. (See Mania.)
Miss Colyille, f., said to have been the dam of Spark, who was presented to Gov. Ogle, of Maryland, by Lord Baltimore, who received her as a present from Frederick, Prince of Wales. By Old Hautboy. First dam by Brimmer. Pedigree cannot be authenticated from English Stud Book. Spark by Honey- VoL. I.— 40
626 THE HORSE.
comb Punch. Miss Colville imported by Col. Colville, Virginia, and named in tliis country.
Miss GoLBOURisr, br. f., foaled 1831',. bred by Mr. E. Turner; im- ported by E. H. Boardman, Esq., Huntsville, Ala., in foal to Langar. By Lottery. Miss Golbourn was killed by lightning, August, 1844. 1st dam The Nun by Blacklock ; 2d dam by Whisker; 3d dam by Orville ; 4th dam Otteriugton's dam. (See The Nun's daughter.)
Miss Eockikgham, br. f., foaled 1839, bred by Mr. Theobald; im- ported by M. M. Rawlings, Esq. By Eockingham. 1st dam by Don Cossxck ; 2d dam by Sorcerer ; 3d dam by Justice ; 4th dam Parsley by Pot-8-o's ; 5th dam Lady Bolingbroke by Squirrel; 6th dam Cy[3ron by Blaze; 7tli dam Selima by Bethel's Arabian ; 8th dam by Graham's Champion ; 9tli dam by Barley's Arabian ; lOtli dam by Merlin.
Miss Eose, b. f., foaled 1826, bred by Mr. Moss ; imported by E. D. Shepherd, Virginia, 1834. By Tramp. 1st dam by Sancho ; 2d dam Blacklock's dam by Coriander ; 3d dam Wildgoose by Highflyer; 4th dam Coheiress by Pot-8-o's; 5th dam Manilla by Goldfinder ; 6th dam Old England mare by Old England ; 7th dam by Cullen Arabian ; 8th dam Miss Cade by Cade ; 9th dam Miss Makeless by son of Greyhound out of Farewell ; 10th dam by Partner; 11th dam Miss Doe's dam by Woodcock ; 12th dam by Crofts' Bay Barb; 13th dam Desdemona's dam by Makeless.
Miss Susan Dodge, b. f., foaled 1836 ; imported into Alabama, and owned by Col. John Crowell. By Tramp. First dam by Whisker.
Miss West, ch. f., foaled 1822, bred by Mr. C. Day; imported by Messrs. Ogden & Corbin. By Eubens. 1st dam Snowdrop by Highland Fling; 2d dam Daizy by Buzzard; 3d dam Tulip by Damper ; 4th dam by Eclipse ; 5th dam Earity by Matchem.
Miss Windmill, by Highflyer in England ; imported by Col. J. Hoomes, Virginia. Died leaving no produce.
Moll Brazen, gr. f., foaled 1761, bred by Mr. Hodgson, of Tod- caster, in Yorkshire ; imported before the Eevolution by Henry Mitchell, Esq., Virginia. By Cub (son of Old Fox). 1st dam by Torrismond ; 2d dam by Second ; 3d dam by Mogul; 4th dam by Sweepstakes; 5th dam by Bay Bolton; 6th dam by
LIST OF lilPOKTED MAllES. 637
Cnrwen's Bay Barb ; 7th clam by Curwen's Old Spot ; 8tli dam by White-legged Lowther Barb.
Moll ix the Wad, foaled 17&7, bred by Sir F. Stan dish; imported by Col. John Tayloe, Virginia, or Col. John Hoomes. By Sir Peter Teazle. 1st dam Yellow Mare by Tandem; 2d dam Perdita by Herod ; 3d dam Fair Forester by Sloe ; 4th dam by Forester ; 5th dam by Partner ; 6tli dam by Crofts' Bay Barb ; 7th dam by Makeless ; 8th dam by Brimmer ; 9th dam by son of Dodsworth ; 10th dam Burton Barb mare.
MoiSTKET Mare, b. f., foaled , bred by Sir John Eamsden, Bart. ;
imported into Virginia by Col. John Hoomes, Bowling Green. By Monkey. 1st dam by Lonsdale, black Arabian ; 2d dam by Lonsdale, bay Arabian ; 3d dam by Coneyskins ; 4tli dam by Dodsworth ; 5th dam Eoyal mare.
Mulatto Mare, b. f., foaled 1854, bred by Lord Fitzwilliams ; im- ported into the United States about 1835 or '6. By Mulatto. 1st dam Leonella by Cervantes ; 2d dam Sally by Sir Peter ; 3d dam by Diomed ; 4th dam Desdemona by Marske ; 5th dam Young Hag by Skim ; Gth dam by Crab ; 7th dam by Childers.
Mulatto Mare, b. f., foaled 1837, bred by Lord Stanley ; imported into South Carolina by Mr. Porcher and sold to P. McEea. By Mulatto. 1st dam Olinda by The Colonel; 2d dam Linda by Waterloo; 3d dam Cresida by Whiskey (dam of Priam, see him).
My Lady, b. f , foaled 1818, bred by Mr. Wyville ; imported by Mr. Corbin, Virginia, about 1836. By Comus. 1st dam the Colo- nel's dam by Delpini ; 2d dam Tipple Cider by King Fergus ; 3d dam Sylvia by Young Marske ; 4tli dam Ferret by brother to Silvio (son of St. George) ; 5th dam by Eegulus ; 6tli dam by Lord Moreton's Arabian ; 7tli dam by Mixbury ; 8th dam by Mulso Bay Turk ; 9th dam by Bay Bolton ; 10th dam by Coneyskins; 11th dam by Hutton's Grey Barb; 12tli dam by Byerly Turk ; 13th dam by Bustler.
Myrtle, ch. f , foaled 1834, bred by Mr. Theobald ; imported by Messrs. H. & J. Kirkman, Nashville, Tenn., 1836. By Mama- luke (winner of Derby, 1827; 2d in St. Leger same year). 1st dam Bobadilla by Bobadil. (Bobadilla won gold Cup at Ascot, and Drawing-room Stakes at Goodwood, 1828) ; 2d dam Pytho- ness by Sorcerer ; 3d dam Princess by Sir Peter ; 4th dam by Dungannon ; 5th dam by Turf; 6th dam by Herod ; 7th dam
C28 THE HORSE.
Golden Grove by Blank; 8tli dam Spinster (the Widdrington mare) by Crofts' Partner ; 9th dam Bay Bloody Buttocks by Bloody Buttocks ; 10th dam by Greyhound ; 11th dam by Make- less ; 12th dam by Brimmer ; loth dam by Place's White Turk ; 14th dam by Dodsworth ; 15th dam Layton Barb mare.
Nameless, b. f., foaled 1825, bred by Mr. Alanson ; imported into New York, 1829, by Charies Green, Esq. By Filho-da-Puta. 1st dam sister to Eosetta by Young Woodpecker; 2d dam Equity by Dungannon ; 3d dam by Justice; 4th dam by Eegu- lus ; 5th dam by Starling ; 6tli dam Snap's dam by Fox ; 7th dam Gipsey by Bay Bolton, etc.
Naistgy Btwell, b. f., foaled about 1761, bred by Mr. Hopper; im- ported by Mr. Mitchell, of Charles county, Md. ; owned by Col. Lloyd. By Matchem (son of Cade). Her jDedigree cannot be found in English Stud Book, but is doubtless correct. She raced successfully in 1770, '1, '2 and '3, and is the only nag which ever beat Fitzhugh's Regulus and De Lancy's Lath. 1st dam by Goliah (son of Old Fox). 2d dam by Eed Eose ; 3d dam by Curwen's Old Spot ; 4th dam by Hip ; 5th dam by Dodsworth ; 6th dam Layton Barb mare.
Nanny Kilham, b. f., foaled 1834, bred by Mr. L. Hesseltine; im- ported by Hugh & John Kirkman, Nashville, Tenn. In foal to The Saddler. By Voltair. Died 1854, the property of Gen. W. G. Harding. 1st dam Bolus' dam by Comus; 2d dam Lisette by Hambletonian ; 3d dam Constantia (sister to Game- nut) by Walnut ; 4th dam Contessina by Young Marske ; 5th dam Tuberose by Herod; 6th dam by Starling; 7th dam Coughing Polly by Bartlett's Childers ; 8th dam by Counsellor; 9th dam by Snake; 10th dam by Luggs; 11th dam by Davill's Old Woodcock.
Nell Gwynn, b. £, foaled 1827, bred by Mr. Meynell; imported by Capt. W. J. Minor, Natchez, Miss. In foalto Eowton. By Tramp. 1st dam by Benningbrough ; 2d dam sister to Star by Highflyer ; 3d dam by Snap ; 4th dam Eiddle by Matchem ; 5th dam by Squirt ; 6th dam Lot's dam by Mogul ; 7th dam Camilla by Bay Bolton ; 8th dam Old Lady by PuUein's Chest- nut Arabian ; 9th dam by Eockwood ; lOtli dam by Bustler.
Nellie James, ch. f., foaled 1867 ; imported by Mr. A. Belmont, New York. By Dollar. 1st dam Fleur des Champs (Dollar
LIST or IMPOETED MAEES. 629
by Flnng Dutchman, out of Payment by Slane) ; 2d dam Ee ceipt by Eowton. (See Fleur des Champs.)
Netty, ch. f., foaled 1831, bred by Mr. Moss ; imported into Vir- ginia by . By Velocipede. 1st dam Miss Eose by
Tramp ; 2d dam by Sancho ; 3d dam Blacklock's dam by Cori- ander ; 4th dam Wildgoose by Highflyer ; 5th dam Coheiress by Pot-8-o's ; 6th dam Manilla by Goldfinder ; 7th dam Mr. Goodricke's Old England mare.
NoETHUMBEELAND Maee, foaled , bred by ; owned by
Col. Thompson, New York. By Northumberland. 1st dam by Snap ; 2d dam Gipsey by Bay Bolton ; 3d dam by New- castle Turk ; 4th dam by Byerly Turk.
Novelty, br. f,, foaled 1823, bred by Mr. Watt; imported by Capt. W. J. Minor, Natchez, Miss., 1836. In foal to English Saddler. Died 1840. By Blacklock. 1st dam Washerwoman by Walton ; 2d dam L'Huile de Venus by Whiskey ; 3d dam by Pot-S-o's ; 4th dam Maid of all Work by Highflyer; 5th dam sister to Tandem by Sj^ahon ; 6th dam by Eegulus ; 7th dam by Snip.
Novice, b. f., foaled 1846, bred by Mr. Hussey ; owned, 1847, by Mr. Samuel Fitzgerald, New York. By Cotherstone. 1st dam The Abbess by Eanyilles ; 2d dam Zeal by Partizan ; 3d dam Zaida by Sir Peter; 4th dam Alexina by King Fergus; 5th dam Lardella by Young Marske ; 6th dam by Cade ; 7th dam Beau- fremont's dam by brother to Fearnought; 8th dam Miss Wind- ham by Windham ; 9th dam by Belgrade Turk ; 10th dam by Makeless ; 11th dam by Brimmer.
Nun's Daughtee, br. f., foaled 1834, bred by Mr. E. Turner; im- ported by E, H. Boardman, Huntsville, Ala. By Filo-da-Puta. 1st dam The Nun by Blacklock; 2d dam by Whisker; 3d dam by Orville ; 4th dam Otterington's dam by Expectation ; 5th dam Calabria by Spadille ; Gth dam Grog's dam by Alfred ; 7th dam by Locust ; 8th dam by Changeling ; 9th dam by Cade.
Octavius Maee, b. f., foaled 1827, bred by Lord Scarborough ; im- ported into America, 1832; covered by Catton. By Octavius. 1st dam by Whisker ; 2d dam by Orville ; 3d dam Ottering- ton's dam by Expectation ; 4th dam Calabria by Spadille ; 5th dam Grog's dam by Alfred ; 6th dam by Locust ; 7th dam by Changeling; 8th dam by Cade.
Olympus Filly, br. f., foaled 1835, bred by Sir J. Gerard ; im- joorted by Capt. Langford into Alabama. By Olympus. ]st
630 THE HORSE.
dam Sarah by "Wliisker ; 2d dam Jenny Wren by Young Wood- pecker ; 3d dam Lady Cow by John Bull ; 4th dam by Drone ;
5 th dam Lardella by Young Marske.
Olympus Mare, b. f., foaled 1833, bred by R Turner, Esq. ; im- ported by E. H. Boardman, Esq., Huntsville, Ala. By Olympus. 1st dam Caifacaratadadera by Walton ; 2d dam by Pipator; 3d dam byDelpini; 4th dam Tuberose by Herod ; 5th dam by Starling; 6th dam Coughing Polly by Bartlett's Childers. LYMPUS Mare, b. f., foaled 1837, bred by Mr. Worthington ; im- ported into Charleston, S. C, 1839, by Messrs. Elliott, Condy
6 Daw. By Olympus. Weatherly gives the foal to Bustard mare, 1837, as a male, but presume it is an error. 1st dam by Bustard ; 2d dam General Mina's dam by Williamson's ditto ; 3d dam Young Eachael by Volunteer; 4th dam Kachael by Highflyer; 5th dam sister to Tandem by Syphon; 6th dam by Kegulus ; 7th dam by Snip.
Only That, br. f , foaled 1830, bred by Sir J. Gerard ; imported by
. By Partizan. 1st dam Scribe by Woful; 2d dam
Scratch by Selim ; 3d dam by Haphazard ; 4th dam by Pre- cipitate ; 5 th dam Colibri by AYoodpecker.
Orleaka, b. f, foaled 1834, bred by Mr. No well; imported by Capt. W. J. Minor, Natchez, Miss. By Bustard. 1st dam Laureola by Orville ; 2d dam Laurel-leaf by Stamford ; 3d dam sister to Druid by Pot-8-o's ; 4th dam Maid of the Oaks by Herald ; 5tli dam Earity by Matchem ; 6th dam Snapdragon by Snap; 7th dam by Eegulus ; 8th dam by Bartlett's Childers ; 9th dam by Honeywood's Arabian ; 10th dam, dam of the two True Blues.
Orphan, b. f., foaled 1832, bred by Mr. Painter; imported by Mr. J. L. Lewis, New Orleans, La. In foal to Dick. By Belzoni. Dam Leviathan's dam by Windle. (See Leviathan.)
Oryille Marl, b. f., foaled 1815, bred by Gen. G. L. Gower ; im- ported by Messrs. Elliott, Condy & Daws. In foal to English horse Shrigley. By Orville. 1st dam Mirth by Trumpator ; 2d dam Hoity Toity by Highflyer; 3d dam by Goldfinder; 4th dam Lady Bolingbroke by Squirrel ; 5th dam Cj'pron the dam of King Herod.
Oscar Mare, foaled , bred by ; imported by Thomas
Norfleet, Virginia. By Oscar, before his importation. 1st
LIST OF IMPORTED MARES. 631
dam Melissa by Trumpator ; 2d dam Seafowl (sister to Seagull) by Woodpecker ; 3d dam Middlesex by Snap ; 4tli dam Miss Cleveland by Eegulus; 5tli dam Midge by son of Bay Bolton; 6th dam by Bartlett's Cbilders ; 7tli dam by Honeywood's Arabian ; 8th dam, dam of the two True Blues.
Oyer Cast, br. f., foaled 1861, bred by Mr. Farrow; imported into Xova Scotia 1865 ; covered by Diophantus. By Tadmor. Dam by Falstafi ; 2d dam sister to Pompey by Emilins ; 3d dam Varia- tion by Bustard; 4th dam Johanna Southcote by Beuning- l)rough ; 5th dam Lavinia by Pipator ; 6th dam by Highflyer ; 7th dam by Cardinal Puff; 8th dam by Tatler ; Otli dam by Snip; 10th dam by Godolphin Arabian; 11th dam l)y Frampton's Whiteneck; 13th dam by Pelhani Barb.
Pacolet Mare (called Molly Pacolet), f., foaled 1768, bred by Duke of Ancaster. Said to have been imported into Pennsyl- vania by Mr. Hiltzheimer, Philadelphia. By Pacolet. 1st dam Whiteneck by Crab ; 2d dam by Godolphin Arabian ; 3d dam by Conyer's Arabian ; 4th dam by Curwen's Bay Barb ; 5th dam by Marshall's Spot; 6th dam by White-legged Chestnut Lowther Barb ; 7tli dam Vintner mare.
Paxola, ch. f., foaled 1835, bred by ; imported by Lucius
J. Polk, Esq., Tennessee. By Muley. 1st dam by Comus ; 2d dam by Election ; 3d dam Fair Helen by Hambletonian. (See imported Margrave's pedigree.)
Paymaster Mare, f,, foaled 17 — , bred by ; imported by Dr.
Norris; owned by Col. Smock. By Paymaster. 1st dam by Highflyer ; 2d dam by Snip ; 3d dam Miss Cranbourne by Go- dolphin Arabian ; 4th dam Miss Western by Sedbury ; 5th dam Mother Western by Smith's Son of Snake ; 6th dam by Montagu ; 7th dam by Hautboy ; 8th dam by Brimmer.
Peggy, b. f., foaled 1788, bred by Lord Clermont; imported by Col. John Tayloe, Virginia. By Trumpator. Many of the best racers in America descended from this mare. 1st dam Peggy (sister to Postmaster) by Herod; 2d dam by Snap; 3d dam by Gower Stallion ; 4th dam by Cbilders.
Penelope, ch. f., foaled 1837, bred by Col. White; imported by Col. Wade Hampton, South Carolina, 1839. By Plenipoten- tiary. 1st dam Brazil by Ivanhoe ; 2d dam Velvet by Oiseau ; 3d dam Wire (sister to Webb) by Waxy. (See Eachel and Eid- dlesworih.)
632 THE HOESE.
Peka (sister to Galuta), b. f., foaled 1826, bred by Lord Exeter ; im- ported into Virginia by Dr. A. T. B. Merritt. By Sultan. 1st dam Advance by Pioneer; 2d dam by Buzzard ; 3d dam sister to Champion by Pot-8-o's ; 4tli dam Huncamunca by Higli- flyer; 5th dam Cypher by Squirrel; 6th dam by Eegulus; 7th dam by Bartlett's Childers ; 8th dam by Honeywood's Arabian ; 9th dam, dam of the two True Blues.
Peect Maeb, br. f., foaled 1832, bred by Mr. G. Clark; sold to go to America. By Percy. 1st dam by Orville; 2d dam by Pipator.
Petwoeth, ch. f., foaled 1796, bred by Lord Egremont; imported to Virginia by Hon. John Tayloe. By Dragon, 1st dam Everlasting by Eclipse ; 2d dam Hysena by Snap ; 3d dam Miss Belsea by Eegulus; 4th dam by Bartlett's Childers; 5th dam by Honeywood's Arabian; 6th dam, dam of the two True Blues.
Petee Lelt Maee (sister to Fernhurst), ch. f., foaled 1833, bred by Mr. R Turner ; imported by E. H. Boardmau, Esq., Huntsville, Ala. By Sir Peter Lely. 1st dam (sister to Sophy) by Comus ; 2d dam by Camillus ; 3d dam Helen by Delpini ; 4th dam Rosalind by Phcsnomenon ; 5th dam Atalanta by Matchem; 6th dam Lass of the Mill by Oroonoko; 7th dam by Old Traveler ; 8th dam Miss Makeless by Young Greyhound ; 9th dam by Old Partner ; 10th dam Miss Doe's dam by Woodcock ; 11th dam by Crofts' Bay Barb, etc.
Phantomia, b. f., foaled , bred by ; imported by Gov.
Jas. Barbour, Virginia, 1829; covered by Camel. By Phantom. 1st dam by Walton ; 2d dam Allegranti by Pegasus ; 3d dam Orange-squeezer by Highflyer; 4th dam Mop-squeezer by Matchem ; 5th dam Lady by Turner's Sweepstakes ; 6th dam Shuttle and Syphon's dam by Patriot ; 7th dam by Crab ; 8th dam (sister to Sloven) by Bay Bolton; 9th dam by Curwen's Bay Barb; 10th dam by Spot; 11th dam by White-legged Lowther Barb ; 12th dam Old Vintner mare.
Philadelphia, b. £, foaled 1808, bred by Mr. Dundas; imported by Hon. John Randolph, Roanoke, Va. By Washington. 1st dam Miss Totteridge by Dungannon ; 2d dam Marcella by Mambrino ; 3d dam Medea by Sweetbriar; 4th dam Angelica by Snap; 5th dam by Regulus ; 6th dam by Bartlett's Childers ; 7th dam by Honevwood's Arabian : 8th dam, dam of the two True Blues.
LIST OF IMPORTED MARES. 633
PiccOLiisrA, b. f., foaled 1833, bred by Sir Gr. Heatlicote ; imported by W. B. Scott, Petersburgb, Va. By Partizan. She died on the passage to America. 1st dam Espagnolle by Orville ; 2d dam Barrosa by Vermin; 3d dam Nike by Alexander; 4th dam Nimble by Florizel; 5th dam Eantipole by Blank; 6th dam Joan (sister to Careless by Eegulus). (See Alarm.)
Pickle, b. £, foaled 1831, bred by Mr. Gully; imported by James Jackson and T. Kirkman, Esqrs., Alal)ama. In foal to Taurus. By Emelius. 1st dam Mustard by Mcrhn ; 2d dam Morel by Sorcerer ; 3d dam Hornl)y Lass by Buzzard ; 4th dam Puzzle by Matchem ; 5th dam Princess by Herod ; 6th dam by Blank ; 7th dam Spectator's dam by Partner ; 8th dam Bonny Lass by Bay Bolton; 9th dam by Darley Arabian; 10th dam by Byerly Turk; 11th dam by Taflfolet Barb; 12th dam by Place's White Turk ; 13tli dam Natural Barb mare.
Pirouette, ch. f., foaled 1829, bred by Sir T. Mostyn ; imported by Mr. F. P. Corbin, Virginia. By Teniers. She ran in United States. 1st dam Mercandotte by Muley ; 2d dam Petworth by Precipitate ; 3d dam by Woodpecker ; 4th dam (sister to Juni- per) by Snap ; 5th dam Young Marske's dam by Blank ; 6th dam Bay Starling by Bolton Starling ; 7th dam Miss ]\Ieynell by Partner; 8th dam by Greyhound; 9th dam by Curwen's Bay Barb.
Placentia, b. f., foaled 1813, bred by Gen. Grosyenor; imported from Gibraltar; owned by Charles H. Hall, New York. By Dick Andrews. Died 1821. 1st dam Azalia by Benning- brough ; 2d dam Gilliflower by Highflyer ; 3d dam by Gold- finder; 4tli dam (sister to Grasshopper) byMarske; 5th dam by Cullen Arabian; 6th dam Blackeyes by Eegulus; 7th dam Eouth's Blackeyes by Crab; 8th dam Warlock Galloway by Snake.
Pledge, ch. f., foaled 1826, bred by , at Farnsfield ; imported
by L. J. Polk, Tennessee. Covered by the Colonel. By Filho- da-Puta. 1st dam by Comus ; 2d dam (sister to Zodiac) by St. George ; 3d dam Abigail by Woodpecker ; 4th dam Firetail by Eclipse; 5th dam by Blank; 6th dam by Cade; 7th dam Spectator's dam by Partner; 8tli dam Bonuy Lass by Bay Bolton, etc. (See Plenty.)
Plenty, b. f., foaled 1832, bred by Mr. Thornhill; imported by E. IL Boardman, Esq., Huntsville, Ala. In foal to English St.
634
THE HOESE.
Patrick. By Emeliiis. 1st dam Mangel Wurzel by Merlin; 2d dam Morel by Sorcerer ; 3d dam Hornby Lass by Buzzard ; 4tli dam Puzzle by Matchem; 5tli dam Princess by Herod; 6tli dam Julia by Blank ; 7tli dam Spectator's dam by Partner ; 8tli dam Bonny Lass by Bay Bolton ; 9tli dam by Darley's Arabian; 10th dam by Byerly Turk; lltli dam by TafFolet Barb; 12tli dam by Place's White Turk; 13tli dam Natural Barb mare.
PoLEKTA, ch. f., foaled 1869, by Maccaroni, bred by Mrs. Wilkinson ; imported by A. Belmont, Esq., in 1870. 1st dam (sister to Donna del Lago) by Lord of the Isles; 2d dam Shot by Bird- catcher ; 3d dam Wasp by Muley Moloch ; 4th dam by Emilius ; 5th dam Bee in a Bonnet by BJacklock ; 6tli dam Maniac by Shuttle; 7th dam Anticipation by Bessingbrough ; 8th dam Expectation by Herod ; 9tli dam by Skim ; 10th dam by Janus; 11th dam Spinster by Crab; 12th dam Spinster (the Widdrington mare) by Partner; 13tli dam (sister to Squin-el's dam) by Bloody Buttocks ; 14th dam by Greyhound ; 15th dam by Makeless; 16th dam by Brimmer; 17th dam by Place's White Turk ; 18th dam by Dodworth ; 19th dam Layton Barb mare.
Polly Hopkins, American bred, was sent to England and bred there. She, with her produce, the property of Com. E. F. Stockton, New Jersey, were brought back to United States. By Virginian. 1st dam by imported Archduke; 2d dam by imported Stirling ; 3d dam by imported Obscurity ; 4th dam Old Slamerkin by imported Wildair ; 5th dam De Lancy's im- ported Cub mare by Cub (which see).
Polly Moss, b. t, foaled 1835, bred by ; imported by E.
D. & Henry Shepherd, Shepherdstown, Va., 1837. By St. Nicholas. 1st dam by Tramp; 2d dam by Sancho; 3d dam Blacklock's dam by Coriander; 4th dam by Highflyer. (Sec Sally of the Valley.)
Pomona, b. f., foaled about 1803 ; imported by Wm. Haxal], Esq., Petersburgh, Va. By Worthy (brother to Waxy). 1st dam Comedy by Buzzard ; 2d dam Huncamunca by Highflyer ; 3d dam Cypher by Squirrel ; 4th dam Fribbles' dam by Eegulus ; 5th dam by Bartlett's Childers, etc., etc.
Pomona, b. f., foaled 1832, bred by Lord FitzwilHam ; sold to Col. Singleton, of South Carolina, 1833. By Chateau Margaus.
LIST OF IMPORTED MARES.
635
Isfc dam Marianne by Sorcerer; 2d dam Thomasina by Timothy; 3d dam Violet by Shark; 4th dam by Syphon; 5th dam Char- lotte by Blank; 6th dam by Crab; 7tli dam by Dyer's Dimple; 8th dam by Why-not ; 9th dam Koyal mare.
PoppiNJAY Mare, b. f., foaled 1808, bred by Sir J. Shelly ; imported by Hon. John Eandolph, Koanoke, Ya. By Popinjay. 1st dam by Precipitate; 2d dam Fizzle's dam by Highflyer; 3d dam TifiUny by Eclipse ; 4tli dam Laburnam's dam Young Hag by Skim ; 5th dam Hag ])y Crab ; Ctli dam El^ony by Childers, etc.
Possession", b. f., foaled 1836, bred and imported by E. H. Boardmau, Esq., into Alabama. By Bay Malton. 1st dam Polly Oliver by Sir Oliver; 2d dam by Hambletonian; 3d dam Constantia by Sir Peter ; 4th dam by Mungo ; 5th dam by Latham's Snap ; Gth dam Sappho by Eegulus ; 7th dam Lodge's Roan mare by Partner, etc.
PoTESTAS, f., foaled 1843, bred by Mr. Batson ; imported into E"evf York, 1861, covered by a half-bred horse. By Plenipotentiary. 1st dam Acacia by Phantom ; 2d dam Augusta by Woful ; 3d dam by Eubens; 4th dam Guildford Nan by Guildford; 5th dam by Justice; 6tli dam Parsley by Pot-8-o's; 7th dam Lady Bolingbroke by Squirrel ; 8th dam Herod's dam by Blaze ; 9th dam Selima by Bethel's Arabian ; 10th dam by Graham's Champion ; 11th dam by Darley's Arabian ; 12tli dam by Merlin.
PoT-8-o's Mare (Constable's), ch. f., foaled 1792, bred by Lord Grosvenor ; imported by William Constable, of New York. By Pot-8-o's. 1st dam. by Gimcrack; 2d dam Snap Dragon by Snap; 3d dam by Eegulus; 4th dam by Bartlett's Childers; 5th dam by Honeywood's Arabian ; 6th dam, dam of the tv/o True Blues.
PoT-8-o's Mare (Bell's), foaled 1802, bred by ; imported into
Virginia about 1811 ; owned by Mr. Collen, Tarborough, North Carolina. By Pot-8-o's. 1st dam by Pegasus; 2d dam by Highflyer ; 3d dam Smalll^ones by Justice ; 4th dam by Panglos ; 5th dam Eiddle by the Wolesley Barb ; 6th dam Lady Augusta by Spot; 7th dam by Crab; 8th dam (sister to Partuer) by Jigg ; 9th dam (sister to Mixbury).
Precipitate Mare, b. f., foaled 1802, bred by Mr. Watt ; imported by Mr. Parkinson, Virginia. By Precipitate. 1st dam by High- flyer; 2d dam by Goldfinder; 3d dam Lady Bolingbroke by
C36 THE HOESE.
Squirrel ; 4th dam (Herod's dam) by Blaze ; 5th dam SeHma by Bethel's Arabian ; Gth dam by Graham's Champion ; 7tli dam by Darley's Arabian ; 8th dam by Merlin.
Pkiam Mare, b. f., foaled 1834, bred by His Majesty ; imported by Col. Wade Hampton, of South Carolina. By Priam (before his importation). 1st dam (sister to Spermaceti) by Whalebone ; 2d dam (sister to Wanderer) by Gohanna; 3d dam Catherine by Woodpecker ; 4th dam Camilla by Trentham ; 5th dam Coquette by Compton Barb.
Priam Mare, or Betsey Eansom 2d (which see), ch. f., foaled 1836, bred in England, and imported by K. L. Stevens, Esq., K^ew York. By Priam (before his importation). Dam Betsey Ran- som by Virginian ; bred in United States, but sent to England to be bred.
Prima, b. f., foaled 1834, bred by Lord Chesterfield; imported into South Carolina, in ship China, 1848, in foal to English Dis- count. By imported Priam. 1st dam Dahlia by Phantom; 2d dam by Waxy ; 3d dam Moses' dam by Gohanna ; 4tli dam Grey Skim by Woodpecker; 5th dam Silver's dam by Herod; Gth dam Young Hag by Skira.
Primula, f., foaled 1827, bred by Mr. Humble; imported by W. H. & Dr. A. T. B. Merritt, Virginia. By Cervantes. 1st dam Cowslijo by Cockfighter; 2d dam Brown Javelin by Javelin; 3d dam Young Maiden by Highflyer; 4tli dam Maiden by Matchem; 5th dam by Squirt; Gth dam (Lot's dam) by Mogul; 7th dam Camilla by Bay Bolton; 8th dam Old Lady by Pullein's Chestnut Arabian; Gth dam by Rockv/ood; 10th dam by Bustler.
Primrose, f , foaled and imported, before the Revolution, into Vir- ginia. By Wyville Belgrade Turk. Enghsh Racing Calendar, 174G. 1st dam by Lord D'Arcy's Woodcock; 2d dam by a Barb horse out of Barb mare.
Primrose, f., foaled 1821, bred by Mr. Humble ; imported by Lucius J. Polk, Tennessee ; covered by English Glaucus. By Comus. 1st dam Cowslip by Cockfighter; 2d dam Brown Javelin by Javelin ; 3d dam Young Maiden by Highflyer ; 4th dam Maiden by Matchem ; 5th dam Mr. Pratt's celebrated mare by Squirt ; Gth dam (Lot's dam) by Mogul ; 7th dam Camilla by Bay Bolton ; 8th dam Old Lady by Pullein's Chestnut Arabian ; 9th dam by Rockwood ; 10th dam by Bustler.
LIST OF IMPORTED MAEES.
637
Peomise, f., foaled 1803, bred by Mr. Goodisson ; imported by Wm. Haxall, Esq., Petersburgb, Va. lu foal to English Waxy. By Buzzard. 1st dam by Precipitate; 2d dam Lady Harriet by Mark Antbony ; 3d dam Georgiana by Matchem ; 4tb dam by Snap ; 5tb dam by CuUen Arabian ; Cth dam Grisewood's Lady Thigli by Partner; 7th dam by Greyhound; 8th dam Sopho- nisba's dam by Curwen's Bay Barb ; 9th dam by Lord D'Arcy's Chestnut Arabian ; 10th dam by Whiteshirt ; 11th dam Old Montagu mare.
Peukella, ch. f, foaled 1833, bred by His Majesty William IV; imported by Com. E. F. Stockton, New Jersey. By Comus. 1st dam by Partizan ; 2d dam Pawn by Trumpator ; 3d dam Prunella by Highflyer; 4tb dam Promise by Snap; 5th dam Julia by Blank ; 6th dam Spectator's dam by Partner, etc.
Psyche, gr. f., foaled 1802, bred by Lord Derby ; imported by Gen. McPherson, South Carolina. By Sir Peter. 1st dam Bab by Bourdeaux ; 2d dam Sperauza by Eclipse (sister to Saltram, which see).
PuxcHiKELLA, f., foaled , bred by ; imported into Dis- trict of Columbia, 1808. By Punch. IsTotbing is known of this mare; her pedigree cannot be found in Weatherby. — S. D. B. 1st dam by Craig's Highflyer ; 2d dam by Galloway's Sclim.
Pussy, b. f, foaled 18G4, bred by Mr. Goodchild; imported and owned by E. W. Cameron, Esq., Clifton Stud Farm, Staten Island, N. Y. By Diophantus. 1st dam Agajoemone (sister to Aphrodite) by Bay Middleton; 2d dam Venus by Sir Hercules; 3d dam Echo byEmelius; 4th dam by Scud or Pioneer; 5th dam Canary Bird by Whiskey or Sorcerer ; Cth dam Canary by Coriander; 7th dam Miss Greeu by Highflyer; 8th dam Harriet by Matchem ; 9th dam Flora by Eegulus ; lOtli dam by Bartlett's Childers; 11th dam by Bay Bolton; 12th dam by Belgrade Turk. Stinted to Skirmisher.
QuEEJf Ai^N, bl. f., foaled 1840, bred by . She was owned
and run in the United States by J. Chamliers, of Louisiana. By Camel. Dam by Langar. Produce and balance of joedigree unknown to author. — S. D. B.
QuEEiS' Mab, f., foaled and imported prior to the Eevolution by Gov. Ogle. By Musgrove's Grey Arabian. 1st dam by Hamp- ton Court Cbiklers; 2d dam by Gov. Harrison's Arabian; 3d
C38 THE nOESE.
dam l)y Chestnut AraLiau ; 4th dam by Leedes ; 5th dam by Barb maro Shtzey.
Queen, The, ch. f., foaled 1835, bred by His Majesty Wilham IV ; imported by Col. Wade Hampton, of South Carolina. By Priam, before his importation. Dam Delphine (imported) by Whisker. (See Delphine.) She was trained and ran with suc- cess in the United States.
Eabecca, b. f., foaled 1833, bred by Mr. C. Day; imported by John C. Beasley, Esq., of Tennessee. By Godolphin. 1st dam Jewess by Moses ; 2d dam Calendulae by Camerton ; 3d dam Snowdrop by Highland Fling; 4th dam Daisy by Buzzard ; 5th dam Tulip by Damper ; 6th dam by Eclipse ; 7th dam Earity by Matchem; 8th dam Snapdragon by Snap; 9th dam by Eegulus; 10th dam by Bartlett's Childers; 11th dam by Honey- wood's Arabian ; 12tli dam, dam of the two True Blues.
Eachel, ch. f., foaled 1829, bred by Lord Jersey; imported by E. H. Boardman, Huntsville, Ala. By Partizan. 1st dam Filagree by Soothsayer; 2d dam Web (sister to Whisker) by W^axy; 3d dam Penelope by Trumpator. (See Eiddleswortli.)
Eadish, b. f., foaled 1787, bred by Lord Grosvenor ; imported into
United States by . By Pot-8-o's. 1st dam Earity by
Matchem; 2d dam Snapdragon by Snap; 3d dam by Eegulus; 4th dam by Bartlett's Childers ; 5tli dam by Honeywood's Ara- bian ; 6th dam, dam of the two True Blues.
EAVEiir's WiN-G, br. f., foaled 1834, bred by Mr. Johnson ; imported into New Orleans, 1838. Sold there to James Porter, Esq. By Olympus. 1st dam Proserpine by Ehodamanthus ; 2d dam by Sir Peter ; 3d dam Eaton Lass by Pot-8-o's ; 4th dam by Highflyer ; 5th dam by Snap ; 6th dam Chalkstone's dam by Shepherd's Crab; 7th dam Miss Meredith by Cade ; 8th dam Little Hartley mare by Bartlett's Childers ; 9th dam the dam of Large Hartley marc Flying Whig.
Eecovery Mare, f., foaled 1838, bred l^y ; imported by
E. D. Shepherd, Virginia. By Eecovery. Dam Sally of the Valley by Tramp. (See Sally of the Valley.)
Eef[JGEE, br. f., foaled 1827, bred by Duke of Eichmond ; imported l)y Messrs. Jackson & Kirkman, Alabama. By Wanderer. 1st dam l)y Orville ; 2d dam, dam of Selim Ijy Alexander. (See im- ported Sessions.)
LIST OF IMPORTED MARES. 639
Revenue Mare, bl. f., foaled 183G, bred by Mr. L. Haseltino ; im- ported into IsQvr Orleans, 1838. Covered l^y TV'arlabj Baylock; sold to Hon, A. Barrow, of Louisiana. By Revenue. 1st dam Eliza by Filho-da-Puta ; 3d dam by Vermin ; 3d dam Ijy Ben- ningbrougli; 4th dam Eustatia by Highflyer; 5tli dam Wren by Woodpecker ; 6tli dam Sir Peter's dam by Snap ; 7th dam Miss Cleveland by Eegulus; Stli dam Midge by son of Bay Bolton, etc.
Ringlet, b. £, foaled 1853, bred by Lord Uxbridge ; imported by A. J. Davie, North Carolina, 1837. Covered by English Glau- cus. By The Colonel. 1st dam Adeline by Soothsayer; 2d dam Elizabeth by Orvillo ; 3d dam Penny trumpet l)y Trum- pator ; 4th dam Young Camilla by Woodpecker ; 5th dam Camilla by Trentham ; Gtli dam Coquette by Compton Barb ; 7th dam sister to Regulus by the Godolphin Arabian.
Rock Make, ch. £, foaled 1755, bred by ; imported and
sold in Maryland, 17G2, in ship Christian. By Old Rock. 1st dam by Snake; 2d dam, dam of Slider by Partner; 3d dam by Crofts' Egyptian ; 4tli dam Grey Woodcock.
Rock Mare, own sister to above, foaled 1757; imported and sold in Maryland, 17G2. These mares by Old Rock cannot be found in English Stud Book.
RoDORA, ch. f., foaled 1835, bred ]jy Lord Derby ; imported into United States by . By imported Felt. 1st dam Rose- leaf by Whisker ; 2d dam Rosalba by Milo ; 3d dam sister to Rubens l^y Buzzard; 4th dam by Alexander; 5th dam by Highflyer ; Gth dam by Alfred ; 7th dam by Engineer ; 8th dam Bay Malton's dam by Cade ; 9th dam Lass of the Mill by Old Traveler.
Rosalind, b. £, foaled 1825, bred by Mr. Yates; imported by Messrs. Ogden & Corl^in, Virginia. By Paulowitz. 1st dam Isidora by Blucher ; 2d dam Zora by Selim ; 3d dam Zoraida by Don Quixote ; 4th dam Lady Cow by John Bull ; 5th dam by Drone ; Gth dam Lardella by Young Marske.
Rosalind, b. f., foaled 1859, by Barnton ; bred by Her Majesty at Hampton Court; imported, 18G0, by Messrs. Dudley & Bruce, agents of the Kentucky Importing Company; the jiroperty of Major T. G. Bacon, South Carolina. 1st dam sister to Bay Rosalind by Orlando ; 2d dam Eloj)ement by Velocipede ; 3d dam Scandal by Selim ; 4th dam by Haj)hazard ; 5th dam
640
THE HORSE.
by Precipitate; Gth dam Colibri by "Woodpecker; 7th dam Camilla by Trentham; 8tli dam Coquette by the Compton Barb; 9th dam sister to Ecgulus by Godolphin Arabian; 10th dam Grey Eobinson by the Bald Galloway; 11th dam Snake by Old Wilkes ; 12th dam .by Old Hautboy ; 13th dam by Miss D'Arcy's Pet mare ; 14th dam Sedbury Eoyal mare.
EosiKA, £, foaled 1781, bred by Mr. Peirsc; imported into United States about 1799, by . By Amaranthus. 1st dam Tube- rose by Herod; 2d dam Grey Starling by Starling; 3d dam Coughing Polly by Bartlett's Childers; 4tli dam sister to Thunderbolt by Counsellor; 5th dam by Snake ; Cth dam by Luggs ; 7th dam by Davill's Old Woodcock.
EuLEE Mare, b. f., imported and owned by Col. John Tayloe, Vir- ginia. She cannot be identified in Weatherby's English Stud Book. By Euler. 1st dam by Turk ; 2d dam by Snake.
Sacrifice, f., foaled 1855, bred by ; imported and owned by
K. W. Sears, Esq., of Boston, Mass. By Melbourne. 1st dam Sacriiice by Voltaire ; 2d dam Virginia by Eowton ; od dam Pucellae by Muley ; 4tli dam Medora by Selim ; 5tli dam by Sir Harry; 6th dam by Volunteer; 7th dam by Herod ; 8th dam Golden Grove by Blank; 9th dam Spinster by Partner; 10th dam by Bloody Buttocks; lltli dam by Greyhound; 12tli dam by Makeless; 13tli dam by Brimmer; 14th dam by Place's White Turk; 15th dam by Dodsworth ; 16th dam Lay ton Barb mare.
Sally of the Valley, ch. f., foaled 1825, bred by ; imported
by E. D. Shepherd, Esq., Virginia. By Tramp. 1st dam by Sancho ; 2d dam Blacklock's darn by Coriander ; 3d dam Wild- goose by Highflyer ; 4th dam Coheiress by Pot-8-o's; 5tli dam Manilla by Goldfinder ; 6 th dam Mr. Goodricke's Old England mare by Old England.
Salorta, b. f, foaled 1859, by Vindex; bred by Capt. J. H. Shep- worth, Brig Lincolnshire; imported 1860, by Messrs. Dudley & Bruce, agents Kentucky Importing Company; property of Z. Ward, Versailles, Ky. 1st dam Sontag (]S[unco's dam) by The Nob ; 2d dam Harmony (Eosalind's dam) by Eeveller ; 3d dam by Seymour ; 4th dam Gramerie's dam by Sir Peter Teazle ; 5tli dam Deceit by Tandem ; Gth dam Perdita by Herod ; 7th dam Fair Forester by Sloe ; 8tli dam by Forester ; 9th dam by Partner; lOtli dam by Croft's Bay Barb; 11th dam by Make-
LIST OF IMPORTED MAEES. 641
less; 12tli dam by Brimmer ; 13th dam by a son of Dodsworth ; 14th dam Burton Barij marc.
SAMPSO]sr Mare, foaled , bred by Lord Eockingham ; imported
by . By Sampson. 1st dam Plover by the Godolphin
colt ; 2d dam Fly by Crofts' Partner ; 3d dam by Greyhound ; 4th dam (Sophonisba's dam) by Curwen's Bay Barb ; 5th dam by D'Arcy's Chestnut Arabian ; 6th dam by Whiteshirt ; 7th dam Old Montagu mare.
Sandbeck Mare, b. f., foaled 1834, bred by Mr. Poyntz ; imported by E. H. Boardman, Huntsville, Ala. By Sandbeck. 1st dam Ursula by Cervantes ; 2d dam Fanny by Sir Peter ; 3d dam by Diomed ; 4th dam Desdemona by Marske ; 5th dam Young Hag by Skim; 6th dam Hag by Crab; 7th dam Ebony by Childcrs.
Sarah, b. f., foaled 1,834, bred by Gen. Grosvenor ; imported into South Carolina by Mr. Fryer. Covered by English Dr. Syntax. By Sarpedon (before his importation). Mare sold to Mr. Sutton, of Charleston, with colt by English Dr. Syntax. 1st dam Frolicksome by Frolic; 2d dam by Stamford; 3d dam Alexina by King Fergus ; 4th dam Lardella by Young Marske ; 5th dam by Cade; 6th dam Beaufremont's dam by brother to Fear- nought ; 7th dam Miss Windham by Windham ; 8th dam by Belgrade Turk; 9tli dam Old Scarborough mare by Makeless; 10th dam by Brimmer.
Scarificator, ch. f., foaled 1836, bred by Lord Exeter; imported into Alabama; owned by A. M. Jewell, Esq. By Sultan. 1st dam Marinella by Soothsayer ; 2d dam Bess by Waxy ; 3d dam Vixen by Pot-8-o's; 4th dam Cypher by Squirrel; 5tli dam Snapdragon's dam by Eegulus ; 6th dam by Bartlett's Childers ; 7th dam by Honeywood's Arabian ; 8th dam, dam of the two True Blues.
ScHFMLA, br. f., foaled 1827, bred by Lord Exeter; imported Into Alabama ; owned by Jas. Kirkman, Esq., Alabama. By Sultan. 1st dam Bess by Waxy; 2d dam Vixen byPot-8-o's; 3d dam Cypher by Squirrel ; 4th dam by Eegulus ; 5th dam by Bartlett's Childers ; 6th dam by Honeywood's Arabian ; 7tli dam the dam of the two True Blues.
Selima (Tasker's), f., foaled 1746, bred by Lord Craven; imported by Col. Tasker, of Maryland ; own sister to Babraham. By the Godolphin Arabian. 1st dam Large Hartley mare by his BHnd Vol. I.— 41
642
THE HOESE.
horse ; 2d dam Flying Whig by "Wilham's Woodstock Arabian ; 3d dam by St. Victor Barb ; 4:th dam by Why-not (son of Fen- wick Barb).
Sessions, br. £, foaled 1826, bred by Lord Egremont; imported into the United States by E. H. Boardman, Esq., Huntsville, Ala., 1835, Stinted to Nimrod. By Wanderer, 1st dam by Orville ; 2d dam the dam of Selim and Rubens by Alexander ; 3d dam by Highflyer ; 4th dam by Alfred ; 5tli dam by Engineer ; 6th dam Bay Mai ton's dam by Cade ; 7th dam Lass of the Mill by Old Traveler.
Shakespeare Make, b. f., foaled 1836, bred by Mr. C. A. Pelham. Sent to America. By Shakespeare. 1st dam Eosebud by Little John; 2d dam by Whalebone; 3d dam Eansom by Sir Peter; 4th dam Shift by Sweetbriar; 5th dam Black Susan by Snap; 6th dam Lord Bruce's Cade mare l^y Cade ; 7th dam by Bel- grade; 8th dam by Clifton Arabian; 9th dam by Tifter.
Shepherdess, b. f , foaled 1835, bred by Mr. White ; imported by A. D. Shepherd, Esq., and sold to Rouzan and Duplantier, Louisiana. By Young Blacklock. 1st dam Sjoermaceti by Shgo Waxy; 2d dam Miss Cogden by Phronomeuon ; 3d dam by Young Marske ; 4th dam by Silvio ; 5tli dam Daphne by Eegulus, etc., etc.
Silver, f., foaled , bred by ; imported by Wm. Surry,
Esq., into Virginia, before the Eevolution. By The Belsize Arabian. This mare cannot be found in the English Stud Book, but pedigree is doubtless correct. 1st dam by Crofts' Partner; 2d dam (sister to Eoxana) by Bald Galloway; 3d dam (sister to Chaunter) by the Ankaster Turk ; 4tli dam by Leedes' Arabian ; 5th dam by Spanker.
Silver Star, b. f., foaled 1859, by Kingston; imported by the Kentucky Importing Company in 1860; owned by John R. Viley, Esq., Lexington, Ky. 1st dam Altitude by Cotherstone; 2d dam Latitude (sister to Ellis) by Langar; 3d dam Olympia by Sir OHver; 4th dam Scotilla by Anvil; 5th dam Scota by Eclipse; 6th dam Harmony by Herod; 7th dam Eutilia by Blank (sister to Highflyei-'s dam) ; 8tli dam by Eegulus ; 9th dam by Soreheels; lOtli dam by Makeless; 11th dam Christo- pher D'Arcy's Eoyal mare.
SiSKix, b. t, foaled 1863, bred by Mr. Greville; imported into Canada 1868. Covered by Donnybrook, by Muscovite dam Little Finch
LIST OF IMPORTED MARES.
643
by Hornsea; 2d clam Hinda by Sultan; 3d dam Katlierina (Rowton's dam) by Woful; 4th dam Landscape by Eubens. (See Eowton.)
Slane Mare, ch. f., foaled 1859, by Slane; bred by the Rawcliffe Stud Company ; imported in 18G0, by Messrs. Dudley & Bruce, agents of the Kentucky Importing Company. Lately the property of D. F, Kcnner, Louisiana. 1st dam Varsoviana (ISTemesis' dam) by Ion ; 2d dam by Langar ; 3d dam sister to Cobweb by Phantom; 4tli dam Filagree by Soothsayer; 5th dam Web by Waxy ; 6tli dam Penelope by Trumpator ; 7th dam Prunella by Highflyer ; 8th dam Promise by Snap ; 9th dam Julia by Blank; 10th dam by Partner (dam of Spectator); 11th dam Bonny Lass by Bay Bolton; 12th dam by Barley's Arabian; 13th dam by Byerly Turk; 14th dam by Tatiolet Barb ; 15th dam by Place's White Turk ; 16th dam a Natural Barb mare.
Sleight-of-Hand Mare, gr. £, foaled 1850, bred by Sir Tatton Sykes. Sold to America after season 1857. By Sleight-of- Hand. 1st dam Wicket by Stumps ; 2d dam by Phantom ; 3d dam sister to Consul by Camillus ; 4th dam by Shuttle ; 5th dam Eliza by Highflyer ; 6th dam Augusta by Eclipse ; 7th dam by Herod ; 8th dam by Bejazet ; 9th dam by Eegulus ; 10th dam by Lonsdale Arabian; lltli dam by Bay Bolton; 12th dam by Barley's Arabian. (See Lady Sykes, which is same mare.)
SxAP Mare, foaled , bred by ; imported by AYm. Drew,
Esq., Virginia. By Snap. 1st dam by Crofts' Partner; 2d dam by Bloody Buttocks.
Snap Mare, f., foaled , bred by ; imported, it is said,
by Mr. Hartford. Cannot find her in Englisli Stud Book. By Young Snap. 1st dam by Lightfoot (son of Cade); 2d dam by Eegulus ; 3d dam by Old Cade ; 4th dam by Crofts* Partner.
Spatula, b. f., foaled 1836, bred by Lord Exeter; imported into Alabama; raced by D. Stephenson, Alabama. By Eeveller. 1st dam Galata by Sultan; 2d dam Advance by Pioneer; 3d dam by Buzzard ; 4th dam sister to Champion by Pot-8-o's; 5th dam Huncamunca by Highflyer; 6th dam Cypher by Squirrel ; 7th dam by Eegulus ; 8th dam by Bartlett's Childers ; 9th dam by Honeywood's Arabian ; 10th dam, dam of the two True Blues.
^^^ THE HORSE.
Spiletta, ch. f., foaled 1856, bred by Mr. H. Eobiuson ; impoi-ted by A. Keene Richards, Esq., Scott county, Ky., 1858. By Stock- well. Spiletta is now (1870) owned by A. Belmont, Esq., N. Y. 1st dam Olivia Augusta by Cowl; 2d dam Maria by Belsbazzar; 3d dam Melbourne's dam by Cer\-antes; 4tli dam by Golumpus; 5th dam by Paynator; Gth dam sister to Zodiac by St. George. (See Lanercost mare.)
Spot Mare, f., foaled 1762 ; said to be from Duke of Hamilton's stud, imported prior to the Eevolution. By Spot. This pedi- gree is given as represented ; cannot be found in English Stud Book. 1st dam by Cartouch ; 2d dam by Old Traveler; 3d dam by Sedbury ; 4th dam by Childers out of a Barb mare.
Statira, ch. f., foaled 1809, bred by Mr. Forth ; imported by Hon. John Eandolph, Eoanoke, Va. By Alexander the Great. 1st dam by Buzzard ; 2d dam Eose by Sweetl^riar ; 3d dam Merli- ton by Snap ; 4th dam Miss Windsor by Godolphin Arabian ; 5tli dam sister to Wyvill's Volunteer by Young Belgrade; 6th dam by Bartlett's Childers; 7th dam by Devonshire Chestnut Arabian; 8th dam sister to Somerset's Westbury by Curwen's Bay Barb; 9th dam by Old Spot; 10th dam by Woodcock.
Starlin"G Mare, gr. f., foaled 1755, bred by Duke of Cumberland ; said to have been imported by Jos. Anderson, Esq., New York. By Starling. 1st dam by Partner ; 2d dam by Gallant's Smiling Tom; 3d dam Traveler's dam by Almanzor; 4th dam Bay Bolton's sister by Grey Hautboy ; 5th dam by Makeless ; 6th dam by Brimmer; 7th dam by Diamond; 8th dam sister to dam of Old Merhn.
STAUGHTOisr Lass, ch. f., foaled 1825, bred by Col. Lautour; im- ported by James Jackson, Esq., Alabama. By Blacklock. 1st dam sister to Woodcock by Young Woodpecker; 2d dam Fractious by Mercury; 3d dam by Woodpecker; 4th dam Everlasting by Eclipse ; 5th dam Hyrena by Snap ; 6th dam Miss Belsea by Eegulus ; 7th dam by Bartlett's Childers ; 8th dam by Honeywood's Arabian ; 9th dam, dam of the two True Blues.
Stella, f. foaled in Virginia ; imported in her mother's belly, it is believed, by Col. John Baylor, of Virginia. By Shakespeare, in England. Dam Lord Portmore's Cassandra by Wliitenose (which see).
LIST OF IMPOETED MARES. 645
St. Nicholas Mare, br. f., foaled 1836, bred by Lord Stanley ; im- ported into Charleston, S. C, by Mr. Porcher, and sold to Col. Fitzsimmons. By St. Nicholas. 1st dam Mysinder by Lot- tery ; 2d dam Columbine by Cervantes ; 3d dam Flora by Camillus ; 4th dam by Ruler ; 5tli dam Treecreeper by Wood- pecker ; 6tli dam by Trentham ; 7th dam Cunegonde by Blank ; 8th dam by Cullen Arabian ; 9th dam by Patriot ; 10th dam by Gander; 11th dam by brother to Grantham; 12tli dam by Pullein's Chestnut Arabian ; 13th dam by Spanker.
Stolejs" Kisses, b. f., foaled 1864, bred by Mr. Eyke ; imported and owned by R. W. Cameron, Esq., Clifton Stud Farm, Staten Island, N. Y. By Knight of the Kars. 1st dam Defamation (Saccharometer's dam) by lago ; 2d dam Caricature by Panta- loon; 3d dam Pasquinade by Camel; 4th dam Banter by Master Henry; 5th dam Bodicea by Alexander; 6th dam Brunette by Amaranthus ; 7th dam Mayfly by Matchem ; 8th dam by the Aneaster Starling; 9th dam by Grasshopper; 10th dam by Sir M. Newton's Arabian; 11th dam by Pert; 12th dam by St. Martins; 13tli dam by Sir E. Hale's Arabian; 14th dam the Oldfield mare.
Stump's Mare, br. f., foaled 1838, gotten in England; imported in her mother's belly by E. H. Boardman, Esq., Huntsville, Ala. By English Stumps. Dam the Nun's Daughter by Filho-da- Puta (which see).
Stump's Mare Venetia, gr. £, foaled 1836, bred by. Mr. Cookes; imported by Messrs. Ogden; owned by L. J. Polk, Esq., Ten- nessee. By English Stumps. Dam imported Variella, sister to Voltair by Blacklock. (See Variella.)
Sultan Mare, br. f., foaled 1835, bred by His Majesty ; imported by Messrs. Ogden & Corbin. By Sultan. Dam Rachael by Whalebone. (See Adana, her sister.)
SuLTAiT Mare, ch. f., foaled 1836, bred by Lord Exeter; imp. by Messrs. Nott & Fearne, Mobile, Ala. By Sultan. 1st dam Marinella by Soothsayer; 2d dam Bess by Waxy; 3d dam Vixen by Pot-8-o's ; 4th dam Cyplier by Squirrel ; 5th dam by Regulus ; 6th dam Snapdragon by Snap ; 7th dam by Bartlett's Childers ; 8th dam by Honeywood's Arabian ; 9th dam, dam of the two True Blues.
Sunny South, ch. f., foaled 1858, by Irish Birdcatcher; imported by the Kentucky Importing Company in 1860 ; owned by Col.
G46 THE HOESE.
J. J. O'Fallon, St. Louis, Mo. 1st dam Equal by The Cure ; 2(1 clam Equation by Emilius ; 3d dam Maria by Whisker ; 4th dam Gibside Fairy by Hermes; 5th dam Vicissitude by Pipator; Gth dam Beatrice by 8ir Peter Teazle; 7tli dam Pyrrha by Matchem; 8th dam Feuwick's Duchess l)y Whitenose; 9th dam Miss Slamerkin by Young True Blue ; 10th dam by Lord Oxford's Ar3,])ian ; lltli dam D'Arcy's Black-legged Eoyal mare.
: ;7EETBRIAE, ch. f., foaled 1785, bred by Duke of Cumberland ; imp. by Gen. Spotswood, Virginia. By Sweetbriar. 1st dam Dido by Eclipse ; 2d dam by Spectator ; 3d dam by Blank ; 4tli dam Lord Leigh's Diana by Second ; 5th dam Hanger's Brown mare by Stanyau Arabian ; 6th dam Gipsey by King William's No-tongued Barb ; 7tli dam by Makeless ; 8th dam Royal mare.
Sweetbriar, ch. f., foaled 1837, bred by Mr. Humble; imported with her dam by L. J. Polk, Esq., Tennessee. By Eecovery. 1st dam Primrose by Comus; 2d dam Cowslii? by Cocklighter; 3d dam Brown Javelin by Javelin ; 4th dam Young Maiden by Highflyer. (See imported Primrose.)
Sweetest Whek Naked, gr. f., foaled 1787; imported in her mother's belly, the property of Alexander Spotswood, Esq., Virginia, and Col. J. Tayloe. By Tattersall's Highflyer. Dam Gunilda, called also Virago, imported by Star. (See Gunilda.)
Symmetry, ch. f., foaled, it is said, 1799, bred by Lord Clermont; imported .into Virginia 1805, by Messrs. Gibson & Jefferson. By Trumpator. 1st dam Young Doxy by Imperator; 2d dam Doxy by Herod ; 3d dam Imjoudence by Eclipse ; 4th dam Modesty by Cade ; 5th dam by Crab ; Gth dam Lord Portmore's Abigail by Young Greyhound ; 7th dam Warlock Galloway by Snake, etc.
Tadmor Mare, b. f., foaled 1859, by Tadmor, bred by Mr. Simpson Diss, Cambridgeshire ; imported by Messrs. Dudley & Bruce, agents of the Kentucky Importing Company. This filly died August 10th, 1860, at Liverpool, from congestion of the lungs. 1st dam Fair Geraldine by Footstool ; 2d dam Arethusa by EHs ; 3d dam Aunt Bliss by Woful ; 4th dam Mandoline by Waxy; 5th dam Penny Trumpet by Trumpator; 6th dam Young Camilla (sister to Colibri) by Woodpecker ; 7th dam Camilla by Trentham; 8th dam Coquette by the Compton Barb ; 9th dam sister to Regulus by Godolphin Arabian ; 10th dam Grey Robinson by the Bald Galloway; 11th dam by
LIST OF IMPORTED MAEES. 647
Snake; 12fch dam Grey Wilkes by Hautboy; 13th dam MisG D'Arcy's Pet mare ; 14th dam Sedbury Royal mare.
Tadmor Mare, b. f., foaled 1859, bred by Mr. Simpson, imported by Kentucky Importing Company, 18G0. Died on the passage. By Tadmor. 1st dam Southdown (Alarm's dam) by Defence; 2d dam Feltona by X Y Z ; 3d dam Janetta by Benningbrough ; 4th dam by Drone ; 5th dam Contessina by Young Marske ; 6th dam Tuberose by Herod ; 7tli dam Grey Starling by Star- ling ; 8th dam Coughing Polly by Bartlett's Childers ; 9th dam by Counsellor (sister to Thunderbolt) ; 10th dam by Snake ; 11th dam by Luggs ; 12th dam Davill's Old Woodcock.
Target, ch. f., foaled 1858. By Eiflcmau. Imported by A. Keeno Eichards ; owned by A. J. Alexander. 1st dam Melrose by Melbourne; 2d dam Clarkia by M nicy Moloch ; 3d dam sister to Eighton byPalmerin; 4th dam Oceanea by Cerberus; 5th dam by Benningbrough (Dr. Syntax's dam) ; Cth dam Jenny Mole by Carbuncle ; 7th dam by Prince T'Quassaw ; 8th dam Sultana by Eegulus ; 9th dam by Partner ; 10th dam by Gal- lant's Smiling Tom; 11th dam Traveler's dam by Almanzor ; 12th dam sister to Bay Bolton by Grey Hautboy; 13th dam by Makeless; 14th dam by Brimmer; i5th dam by Diamond; 16th dam sister to the dam of Old Merlin by Bustler.
Tartar Mare, imported by Mr. Fenwick, Virginia; cannot be traced in English Stud Book. By Tartar. 1st dam by Young Sweepstakes ; 2d dam by Mogul ; 3d dam by Bay Bolton ; 4th dam by Pullein's Chestnut Arabian; 5tli dam by Lock wood; Cth dam by Bustler.
Tears, ch. f., foaled 1823, bred by Mr. E. Wilson ; imported into South Carolina, 1835, by CoL Wade Hampton, with colt foal at her side, and covered by Defence. By Woful. 1st dam Miss Stephenson by Scud or Sorcerer ; 2d dam sister to Petwortli by Precipitate; 3d dam by Woodpecker; 4th dam sister to Juniper by Snap ; 5tli dam Young Marske's dam by Blank ; 6th dam Bay Starling by Bolton Starling ; 7t]i dam Miss Mey- well by Partner • 8th dam by Greyhound ; 9th dam by Cur- wen's Bay Barb ; 10th dam by Lord D'Arcy's Arabian ; 11th dam by Whiteshirt ; 12th dam Old Montagu mare.
Teniers Mare, (sister to Puss) ch. f , foaled 1833, bred by Mr. Mostyn ; imported by E. H. Boardman, Huntsville, Ala. By Teniers. 1.3t dam Cora by Peruvian ; 2d dam by Alexander ;
G48 THE HORSE.
3d dam Berrington by Sweet William ; 4tli dam by Herod ; 5tli dam Flora by Squirrel ; 6tli dam Angelica by Snap ; 7th dam by Eegulus; 8th dam by Bartlett's Childers; 9th dam by Honeywood's Arabian ; 10th dam, dam of the two True Blues.
The CoLO]srEL's Daughter, b. f., bred by Mr. Tattersall ; imported by L. J. Polk, Esq., Tennessee. By The Colonel. Dam Vari- ella by Blacklock. (See Variella.)
Thetis, b. f., foaled 1852, bred by Mr. Ikiu ; imported into Ohio by J. S. Earey, Esq. By Van Tromp. Covered by Newminster. 1st dam Poll Maggot by Voltair ; 2d dam by Whisker ; 3d dam Louisa by Orville ; 4tli dam Thomasiana by Timothy ; 5th dam Violet by Sharke ; 6th dam by Syphon ; 7tli dam Charlotte by Blank ; 8th dam by Crab ; Otli dam by Dyer's Dimple ; 10th dam by Why-not; 11th dam Eoyal mare.
Tiresias' Mare, br. f., (sister to Scheme), foaled 1826, bred by Lord Lowther ; imported by Dr. A. T. B. Merritt, Hicksford, Va. By Tiresias. 1st dam by Haphazard ; 2d dam by Precipi- tate; 3d dam Colibri by Woodpecker; 4th dam Camilla by Ti'entham ; 5th dam Coquette by the Compton Barb, etc.
TiTST, ch. f., foaled 1832, bred by Mr. Gifford ; imported into Louisiana by Thomas Flintoff, Esq., Nashville, Tenn. In foal to English Sheet Anchor. By Langar. 1st dam Zephyrina by Middlethorpe ; 2d dam Pagoda by Sir Peter ; 3d dam Eupee by Coriander; 4tli dam Matron by Florizel ; 5th dam Maiden by Matchem; 6th dam by Squirt; 7tli dam Lot's dam by Mogul; 8th dam Camilla by Bay Bolton; 9th dam Old Lady Starling's dam by Pullein's Chestnut Arabian ; 10th dam by Eockwood ; 11th dam by Bustler.
Tom Boy Mare, b. f., foaled 1837, bred by ; imported by
James Jackson, Esq., Huntsville, Ala. ; purchased at his sale by Eufus K. Polk, Esq., Tennessee. By Tom Boy. 1 st dam by Wanton or Don Juan ; 2d dam sister to Benedick by Eemem- brancer ; 3d dam Beatrice by Sir Peter ; 4th dam Pyrrha by Matchem; 5th dam Duchess by Whitenose; 6tli dam Miss Slamerkin by Young True Blue; 7th dam by Oxford Dun Arabian ; 8th dam D'Arcy's Black-legged Eoyal mare.
Tramp Mare, b. f., foaled 1835, bred by Mr. Eidsdale ; imported into Louisiana ; owned by J. Eouth, Esq. By Tramp. Dam Marchesa by Comus. (See My Lady, her sister.)
LIST OF IMPOETED MAEES. 649
Teanby Maee, b. f., foaled 1835, bred by His Majesty; imported by Col. Singleton, South Carolina. By Tranby, before his im- portation. 1st dam Elfrida by Whalebone ; 2d dam by Selim ; 3d dam Maiden by Matchem. (See Titsy.)
TRAiq-BT Mare, b. f., foaled 1835, bred by His Majesty ; imported by Col. Wade Hampton, South Carolina. By Tranby, before his importation. 1st dam by Whalebone; 2d dam sister to Wanderer by Gohanna ; 3d dam Catharine by Woodpecker ; 4th dam Camilla by Trentham ; 5th dam Coquette by Compton Barb.
Teapes {nee Speck), b. f., foaled 1825, bred by Lord Strathmore ; imported by the Messrs. Merritt, Virginia. By Tramp. 1st dam Eemembrance by Sir Solomon ; 2d dam Queen Mab by Eclipse ; 3d dam by Tartar ; 4tli dam by Mogul ; 5th dam by Sweepstakes; 6th dam by Bay Bolton; 7th dam by Curwen's Bay Barb ; 8th dam by Old Spot ; 9th dam by White-legged Lowther Barb ; 10th dam Vintner mare.
Trifle, b. f., foaled 1826, bred by Lord Derby; imported into Louisiana by A. D. Shephard ; owned by Messrs. Rouzan & Bro., Louisiana. By Filho-da-Puta. 1st dam sister to Spartan by Milo ; 2d dam Pamela by Whiskey ; 3d dam Lais by Diomed ; 4th dam Grace by Snap; 5th dam Pussy by Eegulus; 6th dam by Traveler ; 7ta dam by Hartley's blind horse.
Tein"ket, ch. f., foaled 1831, bred by Sir F. Johnson ; imported by Lucius J. Polk, Esq., Nashville, Tcnn. By Godolphin. Dam Filagree by Soothsayer. (See Eiddlesworth.)
Trumpator Mare, b. f , foaled 1837, bred by Mr. Haffenden ; imported into New Orleans, 1838 ; sold there to F. Duplantier, Esq. By Trumpator. 1st dam Ringdove by Bobadil ; 2d dam by Dick Andrews; 3d dam Eleanor by Whiskey; 4th dam Young Giantess dam of Sorcerer by Diomed; 5th dam Giantess by Matchem ; 6th dam Molly Longlegs by Babraham ; 7tli dam by Cole's Foxhunter ; 8th dam by Partner, etc. ; 9th dam sister to Eoxana by the Bald Galloway.
Trumpetta, br. f., foaled 1797, bred by Mr. PoAvell; imported by Col. John Hoomes, of Virginia. By Trumpator. 1st dam sister to Lambinos by Highflyer ; 2d dam by Echpse ; 3d dam Vauxhall's dam by Young Cade; 4th dam by Bolton Little- john; 5th dam Durham's Favorite by son of Bald Galloway; 6th dam Daffodil's dam by Sir T. Gascoigne's foreign horse.
650 THE HOKSE.
Tulip, ch. f., foaled 1836, bred by ; imported into North
Carolina by A. J. Davie, Esq. By St. Patrick. 1st dam Manea by Merlin ; 2d dam Specie by Scud ; 3d dam Quail by Golianna ; 4tli dam Certhia by Woodpecker ; 5th dam by Trentham ; 6th dam Cunegonde by Blank.
Tunica, b. f., foaled 1835, bred by Mr. Nowell; imported by L. J. & E. K. Polk, Esqrs., of Tennessee. By Muley. 1st dam Calypso by Sorcerer; 2d dam Houghton Lass by Sir Peter (dam of English Comus) ; 3d dam Alexina by King Fergus ; 4th dam Lardella by Young Marske. (See imported Sarah.)
TuEPiN" Maee, ch. f., foaled 1764; imported into South Carolina, 1767, by Capt. Parker. By Turpin (son of Smale's Childers). 1st dam by Babraham ; 2d dam by Partner.
TJeganda, br. f., foaled 1821, bred by Lord Derby ; imported by Samuel Eagland, Esq., Madison county, Ala. By Milo. 1st dam by Sorcerer ; 2d dam by Sir Solomon ; 3d dam tAvin sister to Lilliputian by Young Marske ; 4th dam by Phoenomenon ; 5th dam Calliope by Slouch ; 6th dam Lass of the Mill bv Oroonoko ; 7th dam by Traveler ; 8tli dam Miss Makeless.
Vaga, ch. f., foaled 1822, bred by Mr. Vevers ; imported by Messrs. Ogden & Corbin ; owned by Messrs. L. J. & E. K. Polk, Tennessee. By Lismahago. 1st dam Lady Byron by Sir Ulric ; 2d dam by Dungannon; 3d dam Miss Euston by Snap; 4th dam by Blank ; 5th dam by Cartouch ; 6th dam Soreheels mare by Soreheels ; 7th dam by Highflyer, etc.
Vamp, br. f., foaled 1825, bred by Lord Sligo ; imported by E. H. Boardmau, Esq., Alabama. By Langar. Dam Wire, sister to Web by Waxy. (See Eachel by Partizan.)
Vaeialetta, ch. f., foaled 1838; imported, with her dam Variella, by L. J. Polk, Tennessee. By the Colonel. 1st dam Variella by Blacklock ; 2d dam by Phantom ; 3d dam by Overton ; 4tli dam Gratitude's dam by Walnut. (See imported Variella.)
Vaeiella (sister to Voltair), br. f., foaled 1829, bred by Mr. Stephen- son; imported by Lucius J. Polk, Esq., Maury county, Tenn. By Blacklock. 1st dam by Phantom ; 2d dam by Overton ; 3d dam Gratitude's dam by Walnut; 4th dam by Euler; 5th dam Piracantha by Matchem; 6tli dam Prophetess by Eegulus; 7th dam Jenny Spinner by Partner ; 8th dam iDy Greyhound ; 9th dam Sophonisba's dam by Curwen's Bay Barb; 10th dam by
LIST OF IMPOKTED MARES. 651
D'Arcy's Chestnut Arabian; lltli clam by Wliiteshirt; 12tli dam Old Montagu maro.
Yaen-ish, or Vanish, b. f., foaled 1833, bred by Mr. Houldsworth ; imported by Capt. Langford into Mobile, 1837. By Vanish. 1st dam Elephant's dam by Shuttle ; 2d dam by Oberon ; 3d dam Engravei''s dam by Stride ; 4th dam sister to Sharper by Eanthos, etc.
Velocipede Mare, ch. £, foaled 1834, bred by ; imported
into Virginia; owned and raced by Jas. M. Seldon, Esq. By Velocipede. Dam by Walton.
Venetia, g. f., foaled 1836, bred and imported by Messrs. L. J. & E. K. Polk, Tennessee. By English Stumps. Dam imported Variella by Blacklock. (See Variella and Stump's mare.)
Victoria, br. f., foaled about 1800; imported into Virginia by Hon. John Tayloe. By Buzzard. She died 1807, leaving no produce. 1st dam by Metajohysician ; 2d dam Nancy Dawson by Damper ; 3d dam Luna by Herod ; 4th dam Proserj)ine (sister to Eclipse) by Marske; 5th dam Spiletta by Eegulus; 6th dam Mother "Western by Smith's son of Snake.
Victoria, br. £, foaled 1834, bred by Mr. Boardman ; imported by H. C. Cammack, New Orleans. By Bay Malton. 1st dam Polly Oliver by Sir Oliver ; 2d dam by Hambletonian ; 3d dam Constantia by Sir Peter; 4th dam by Mungo; 5th dam by Latham's Snap ; 6th dam Sappho by Eegulus ; 7th dam Lodge's Eoan mare by Partner.
Victoria, ch. f., foaled 1837, bred by Mr. Wright ; imported into Illinois by Col. Chas. Oakley; owned by W. W. & F. M. Morton, Morgan county. By Cain. 1st dam Ada (sister to Augusta) by AVoful; 2d dam by Eubens; 3d dam Guildford Nan by Guildford ; 4th dam Vulture's dam by Justice ; 5th dam Parsley by Pot-8-o's ; 6th dam Lady Bolingbroke by Squirrel ; 7th dam Herod's dam Cypron by Blaze; 8th dam Selima by Bethel's Arabian; 9th dam by Graham's Champion; 10th dam by Darley's Arabian ; 11th dam by Merlin.
VOLANTE, £, foaled 1797, bred by Mr. Kingsman; imported by Col. J. Hoomes, Bowling Green, Va. By Volunteer, son of Echpse. 1st dam Lava by Sulphur; 2d dam by Blank; 3d dam by Lord Cedworth's Foxhunter ; 4th dam by brother to Mixbury ; 5th dam by Smockface; 6th dam by Lord Wharton's Old Snail;
652 THE HOKSE.
7th dam by Burford Bull ; 8tli dam Wilkinson mare by Brim- mer ; Otli dam Layton Barb mare.
VoLANTE, b. £, foaled 1833, bred by Mr. Eidsdale; imported by John Eolith, Esq., Louisiana. By Velocipede. 1st dam Charity by Tramp; 2d dam Euphrosyne's dam by Shuttle; 3d dam by Drone; 4th dam Contessina by Young Marske; 5th dam Tuberose by Herod ; 6tli dam Grey Starling by Starling ; 7th dam Coughing Polly by Bartlett's Childers, etc.
Walto]!^ Maee, b. f., foaled 1823, bred by Mr. Barker; sent to America in 1834, with bay foal by St. Nicholas, and covered by him. By Walton. 1st dam by Wizard ; 2d dam Eemembrance by Sir Solomon ; 3d dam Queen Mab by Eclipse ; 4th dam by Tartar ; 5tli dam by Mogul ; 6tb dam by Sweepstakes ; 7th dam sister to SloYcn by Bay Bolton ; 8th dam by Curwen's Bay Barb; 9th dam by Old Spot; 10th dam by White-legged Lowther Barb ; 11th dam Old Vintner mare.
Waterloo Mare, ch. f., foaled 1834, bred by His Majesty; imported into South Carolina. By Waterloo. 1st dam by Comus; 2d dam Lady Frances by Mr. Teazle ; 3d dam by Volunteer ; 4tli dam Storace by Tandem ; 5th dam Perdita by Herod ; 6th dam Fair Forester by Sloe; 7th dam by Forester; 8th dam by Partner; 9th dam by Crofts' Bay Barb; 10th dam by Makeless; 11th dam by Brimmer; 12th dam by son of Dodsworth; 13th dam Burton Barb mare.
Waterwitch, b. f., foaled 1828, bred by Lord Warwick ; imported
by into Virginia. By Whalebone. 1st dam Niobe by
Sir David ; 2d dam by Buzzard ; 3d dam Totterella by Dun- gannon ; 4th dam Marcella l^y Mambrino ; 5th dam ]\Iedea by Sweetbriar ; 6tli dam Angelica by Snap ; 7th dam by Eegulus ; 8th dam by Bartlett's Childers; 9th dam by Honeywood's Arabian ; 10th dam the dam of the two True Blues.
Waxy Maee, f., foaled between 1801 and '6, bred by Sir J. Poole ; imported by T. Bland, Virginia, and owned by James Jackson, Esq. By Waxy. 1st dam Mother Shipton by Anvil; 2d dam Jemima by SatelHte ; 3d dam Maria by Herod; 4th dam Lisette by Snap ; 5th dam Miss Windsor by Godolphin Arabian ; 6th dam sister to Wyvill's Volunteer by Young Belgrade ; 7th dam by Bartlett's Childers.
Weatherbit Mare, or Cicily Jopson, br, f., foaled 1859, bred by Mr. John Osborne; imported by Kentucky Importing Com-
LIST OF IMPORTED MAEES. 653
pany; purchased by Jas. A. Grinsteacl, Esq., Lexington, Ky. By Weatherbit, 1867, stinted to Lightning. 1st dam Cestrea by Faugh -a-Ballagh ; 2d dam by Liverpool ; 3d dam Eaehel by Muley; 4th dam by Comus; 5th dam (Margrave's dam) by Election ; 6th dam Fair Helen by Hambletonian ; 7th dam Helen by Delpini ; 8tli dam Eosalind by Phoenomenon ; 9th dam Atalanta by Matchem; lOtli dam Lass of the Mill by Oroonoko; 11th dam by Old Traveler; 12th dam Miss Make- less by Young Greyhound; 13th dam by Old Partner; 14th dam by Woodcock (dam of the Lambton Miss Doe) ; 15th dam by Crofts' Bay Barb (grandam of the Ancaster Starling) ; 16th dam by Makeless; 17th dam by Brimmer; 18th dam by Dicky Pierson (son of Dodsworth) ; 19th dam Burton Barb mare.
Weather Witch (imp.), ch. f., foaled 1858, bred by John Osborne, at Ley burn, Yorkshire, and imported by Kentucky Importing Company. Weatherbit by Sheet Anchor, dam Miss Letty by Priam. By Weatherbit. 1st dam by Bii-dcatcher ; 2d dam Colocynth by Physician ; 3d dam Camelina (sister to Camel) by Whalebone; 4th dam by Selim; 5tli dam Maiden by Sir Peter; 6th dam by Phoenomenon ; 7th dam Matron by Florizel ; 8th dam Maiden by Matchem ; 9th dam by Squirt ; 10th dam Lot's dam by Mogul; 11th dam Camilla by Bay Bolton; 12th dam Old Lady (Starling's dam) by Pullein's Chestnut Aral^ian; 13th dam by Eockwood ; 14tli dam by Bustler.
Wekon'A (imp.), br. f., foaled 1859, bred by Her Majesty at Hampton Court ; owned by E. A. Alexander, Esq., Kentucky. By Fly- ing Dutchman. 1st dam Bay Cecelia by Orlando; 2d dam Hersey by Glaucus ; 3d dam Hester by Camel ; 4tli dam Moni- mia by Muley; 5th dam sister to Petv/orth by Precipitate; 6th dam Woodpecker mare, her dam sister to Juniper; 7th dam by Snap ; 8th dam by Blank, dam of Young Marske ; 9th dam Bay Starling by Bolton Starling ; 10th dam Miss Maynell by Partner; 11th dam by Greyhound; 12th dam by Curwen's Barb ; 13th dam by D'Arcy's Chestnut Ara]jian ; 14tli dam by Whiteshirt; 15th dam Old Montagu mare.
The Flying Dutchman by Bay Middleton, dam Barbella by Sand- beck ; l)red by Her Majesty, at Hampton Court.
West Australian Mare, b. f., foaled 1859, by West Australian, bred by Lord Londesborough ; imported by Messrs. Dudley & Bruce, agents of the Kentucky Importing Company. Late the
654 THE HORSE.
property of Hon. D. F. Kenner, of Louisiana. 1st dam The Broom by Van Tromp ; 2d dam Miss Martin by Voltair; 3d dam Miss Iris by Blucher ; 4tli dam Iris by Sir Peter Teazle ; 5tli dam Isabella by Eclipse ; 6th dam by Squirrel ; 7th dam Ancaster Nancy by Blank ; 8th dam Phoebe by Tortoise ; 9th dam by Looby; 10th dam by Partner; 11th dam by Woodcock; 12tli dam by Makeless; 13th dam by Brimmer; 14th dam by Dicky Pierson ; 15th dam by Burton Barb.
Whaekcliff, b. f., foaled 1839, bred by Lord Scarborough, sent to Charleston, S. C, 1835 ; covered by Tramp. By Waverly. 1st dam by Catton; 2d dam Hannah by Sorcerer; 3d dam Amelia by Highflyer ; 4th dam Miss Timms by Matchem ; 5 th dam by Squirt ; 6th dam Lot's dam by Mogul ; 7th dam Camilla by Bay Bolton; 8tli dam Old Lady by Pullein's Chestnut Arabian ; 9th dam by Eockwood ; 10th dam by Bustler, etc., etc.
"Whitefoot Mare, foaled about 1732, bred by Sir T. Peed; im- ported into Virginia by John Gower. By Whitefoot. 1st dam by Bald Galloway; 2d dam Young Kitty Burdett by Old Smales ; 3d dam Kitty Burdett by Barley's Arabian ; 4th dam Mr. Burdett's Child mare.
Williamson's Ditto Mare, b. f., foaled 1822, bred by Mr. K H. Smith; imported by E. H. Boardman, Esq., Alabama. By Williamson's Ditto. 1st dam by Trumpator ; 2d dam Countess by Sir Peter ; 3d dam Fame by Pantaloon ; 4th dam sister to Juno by Spectator ; 5tli dam sister to Horatius by Blank ; 6tli dam by Childers ; 7tli dam Miss Belvoir by Grey Grantham ; 8th dam by Paget Turk; 9th dam Betty Percival by Leedes' Arabian ; 10th dam by Spanker, etc.
Wilson Arabian" Mare, ch. f., foaled 1754, bred by ; im- ported and sold in Maryland, 1762, in ship Christian, Capt. Stanly. By Wilson's Chestnut Arabian. 1st dam by Slipby ; 2d dam Meynell by Partner ; 3d dam by Greyhound ; 4th dam Sophonisba's dam by Curwen's Bay Barb ; 5tli dam by D'Arcy's Chestnut Arabian; 6tli dam by Whiteshirt; 7th dam Old Montagu mare.
Woful Mare, b. f., foaled 1824, bred by Mr. Burgess; imported by E. H. Boardman, Esq., Alabama. By Woful. 1st dam Alle- gretta by Trumpator ; 2d dam Young Camilla by Woodpecker ; 3d dam Camilla by Trentham; 4th dam Coquette by the
LIST OF IMPOETED MAEES. 655
Compton Barb; 5tli dam sister to Eegulus by Godolphiu Ara- bian, etc.
Woodbine, b. f., foaled 1828, bred by Mr. Wreford ; imported by Mr. W. T. Head ; owned by Mnnson Beach, Esq., Ohio. By Middleton. 1st dam Finchley mare by Finchley ; 2d dam by Stamford ; 3d dam sister to Star by Highflyer ; 4tli dam by Snap ; 5tli dam Eiddle l)y Matchem ; 6th dam by Scpiirt ; 7tli dam by Mogul ; 8th dam Camilla by Bay Bolton ; 9th dam Old Lady by Pullein's Chestnut Arabian ; 10th dam by RockAvood; 11th dam by Bustler.
Wombat, br. f., foaled 1858, bred by Lord Londesborough ; im- ported by J. R. Smith, Jr., New York, 1868. By West Aus- tralian. Dam by Irish Birdcatcher ; 2d dam Mickleton Maid by Velocipede ; 3d dam Maid of Lune by Whisker ; 4th dam Gil)- side Fairy by Hermes ; otli dam Vicissitude by Pipator ; 6th dam Beatrice by Sir Peter ; 7th dam Pyrrha by Matchem ; 8th dam Duchess by Whitestone; 9th dam Miss Slamerkin by Young True Blue; 10th dam by Lord Oxford's Dun Arabian,' nth dam D'Arcy's Black-legged Royal mare.
Zephyeina, b. t, foaled 1833, bred by Mr. Gifford; imported by
. By Filho-da-Puta. 1st dam ZcphjTina by Middle-
thorpe ; 2d dam Pagoda by Sir Peter ; 3d dam Rupee by Cori- ander ; 4th dam Matron by Florizel; 5th dam Maiden by Matchem ; 0th dam by Squirt ; 7th dam by Mogul.
Zone (sister to Zodiac), br. f., foaled 1850, bred by Mr. John Os- borne; owned by R. A. Alexander; imported by Kentucky Importing Company. By The Cure. 1st dam Starlight by Kremhn; 2d dam Evening Star by Touchstone; 3d dam Bertha by RuIdcus; 4th dam Boadicea by Alexander; 5th dam Brunette by Amaranthus ; 6th dam Mayfly by Matchem ; 7th dam Starling mare by Ancaster Starling ; 8th dam by Grass- hopper; 9th dam by Newton's Bay Arabian; 10th dam Ijy Pert; 11th dam by St. Martins; 12th dam by Sir E. Hale's Arabian ; 13 th dam by Old Field mare.
The following were imported by Mr. R. W. Cameron, and thirty- four out of the thirty-nine head lost, December, 1866. Much was expected from the blood stock purchased by Mr. Cameron, in Eng- land, for importation to this country. The animals were selected with care, and the high strains, had they survived the storms of the
656 THE HOESE.
sea, would have greatly improved and advanced the stock interests of America. It was the largest importation ever attempted, there- fore the loss is all the more serious. The horses, thirty-nine in all, were placed on board the screw steamer Helvetia, hound from Liver- pool to New York, on the 6tli of December. We give their names and pedigrees as follows :
Silence, 2 years, b. f., by Knight of Kars, out of Whist. ' Mavourneen, 2 years, b. £, by Newminster, out of Patience, by Lanercost.
Peeress, 4 years, b. f., by Newminster, out of Mainbrace.
Antipodes, 2 years, br. c, by Young Melbourne, out of Aqua- marine.
Begum, 3 years, b. f., by Lambton, out of Christabelle.
Mrs. Somerville, 6 years, b. m., by Kingston, out of Altitude ; covered by Macaroni.
May Flower, 9 years, ch. m., by The Nabob, her dam l)y Faugh-a- Ballagh, out of Julia.
Persian Kose, 8 years, b. or br. m., by Sweetmeat, out of Creeping Rose ; covered by Prime Minister.
Flowery Land, 3 years, b. f., by Promised Land, out of Adulation ; covered by Buckenham.
Bonnibelle, 7 years, br. m., by West Australian, out of Gayfield ; covered by Buckenham.
Piano, 4 years, br. f., by Fandango, out of Aspasia; covered by Port Royal.
Maid of Melrose, 8 years, b. m., by Newminster, out of Belsay; covered by Skirmisher.
A chestnut mare, 9 years, by a son of Pyrrhus the First and Con- spiracy, out of So Nice ; covered by Buckenham.
A brown fdly, 3 years, by Leamington, out of Annie Laurie ; covered by Thunderbolt.
Juniper, 10 years, b. m., by Bay Middleton, out of The Fawn ; covered by Underhand.
Veronica, 9 years, b. m., by Cruiser, out of Speedwell ; covered by Underhand.
Surprise, 3 years, ch. f., by St. Albans, out of Twitter; covered by Bacchus.
Emily de Lona, 7 years, br. m., by Sweetmeat, out of Sangfroid ; covered by Dollar.
Buttress, 6 years, b. m., by Rifleman, dam (foaled in 1852) by Sleight-of-Hand ; out of Galloper's dam ; covered by Newminster.
LIST OF IMPORTED MARES. 657
A chestnut mare, 10 years, by Bandy, out of Danceaway; covered by Dollar.
Mulse, 7 years, b. m., by Yellow Jack, dam by Nutwith, out of Tophano ; covered by Optimist.
Carbine, 8 years, b. m., by Eifleman, out of Troica ; covered by Dollar.
Rambling Mary, 2 years, ch. f., by St. Albans, out of Rambling Kate ; covered by Thormanby.
A bay mare, 8 years, by Hobbie Noble, out of Bangle ; covered by Claret.
Lady Cochrane, 4 years, br. f., by Voltigeur, out of Latona; covered by Port Royal.
Lady Well, 10 years, br. m,, by Kingston, out of Little Jenny ; covered by Underhand.
White Rose of York, 9 years, ch. m., by Connaught Ranger, out of Dame Cesser ; covered by Underhand.
Volucris, 8 years, br. m., by Voltigeur, dam by The Doctor, out of Gray Araby ; covered by Thunderbolt.
Come Arouse, 10 years, b. m., by Chanticleer, dam by The Sad- dler, out of Stays ; covered by Citadel.
Elfrida, 13 years, br. m., by Faugh-a-Ballagh, out of Espoir; covered by Thormanby.
Birague, 4 years, b. g., by Newminster, out of The Jewess.
A brown yearling filly, by Windhound, out of Casemate.
A bay yearling colt, by St. Albans, out of Jerusalem.
A bay yearling colt, by Marionette, out of Bapta.
A bay colt foal, by Old Calabar, out of Lady Well.
No. I. PEDIGREE OF ENGLISH ECLIPSE.
Eclipse, chestnut colt, bred by His Royal Highness tbe Duke of Cumber- land, in 1764, by Marske.
1st dam, Spiletta, by Regulus.
3d " Mother Western, by Smith's Son of Snake.
3d " " " " Lord D'Arcy's Old Montague.
4th " " " " Hautboy.
5th " " " " Brimmer.
Eclipse was so called, not because he eclipsed all his competitors, but from having been foaled during the great eclipse in 1764.
Marske, br. c, foaled 1750, by Squirt, dam by Blacklegs, her dam by Bay Bolton, Fox Cub, Coneyskins, Hutton's Grey Barb, Hutton's Royal Colt, Byerly Turk, Bustler.
Regulus, foaled 1739, by the Godolphin Arabian, his dam. Grey Robinson, by the Bald Galloway, grandam by Snake, out of Old Wilkes, a daughter of Old Hautboy.
Smith's Son of Snake, by Snake.
Old Montague.
Hautboy, by White D'Arcy Turk, out of a Royal Mare.
Brimmer, by the YeUow Turk, out of a Royal Mare.
No. 11. PEDIGREE OF IMP. DIOMED, SIRE OF SIR ARCHY.
DiOMED, ch, c, foaled 1777, by Florizel, bred by Sir C. Bunbury, and im- ported into Virginia in 1799, when 22 years of age. He died tlie property of Col. Hoomes, in 1808, aged 31 years.
1st dam, sister to Juno, by Spectator. 2d " " " Horatius, by Blank. 3d " " " " " Childers.
4tli " Miss Bel voir, by Grey Qrantliam. 5tli " " " " Paget Tui-k.
6th " Betty Percival, by Leeds' Arabian. 7th " " " " Spanker.
Florizel, by Herod, dam by Cygnet, her dam by Cartouch, grandam. Ebony, by Childers, out of Old Ebony, by Basto, The Massey Mare.
Spectator, by Crab, dam by Partner, her dam Bonny Lass, by Bay Bolton, Barley's Arabian, Byerly Turk, Taflfolet Barb, Place's White Turk, Natural Barb Mare.
Blank, by the Godolphin Arabian, out of the Little Hartley Mare, by Bart- let's Childers, she out of Flying Whig, by William's Woodstock Arabian, St. Victor Barb, Why-not (son of the Fenwick Barb), Royal Mare.
Childers (Flying, or Devonshire), by Barley's Arabian, Betty Leedes, by Careless, Sister to Leedes, by Leedes' Arabian, Spanker, Barb Mare.
Grey Grantham, by the Brownlow Turk. Paget Turk. Leedes' Arabian.
Spanker, by the D'Arcy Yellow Turk, his dam by Lord Fairfax's Morocco Barb, o;it of Bald Peg, who was got by an Arabian, out of a Barb Mare.
No. III.
PEDIGREE OF CASTIMIRA, DM OF SIR ARCHY.
Castianiea, br. f., bred by Mr. Popham, foaled 1796 ; imported and owned by Col. John Tayloe, Mt. Airy, Virginia, by Rockingham.
1st dam, Tabitha, by Trentham.
2d " " " Bosphorus.
4th " Sister to Grecian Princess, by Wildman's Forester.
5th " " " " " by the Coalition Colt.
6th " " " " " " Bustard.
7th " Lord Leigh's Charming Molly, by Second.
8th " Mr. Hanger's Brown Mare, by Stanyan Arabian.
9th " Gypsey, by King William's No-tongued Barb. 10th " " " Makeless. 11th " Royal Mare.
Rockingham, by Highflyer, out of Purity, by Matchem, her dam by Squirt, she out of Lot's dam, by Mogul ; Camilla, by Bay Bolton ; Old Lady, by Pul- leine's Chestnut Arabian ; Rockwood, Bustler.
Trentham, by Sweepstakes, out of Miss South, by South, her dam by Car- touch, out of Ebony, by Childers ; Old Ebony, by Basto ; The Massey Mare.
Wildman's Forester, by Forester, dam by Looby, out of Margery, by Part- ner, Woodcock, Makeless, Brimmer, Dicky Pierson, Burton Barb Mare.
Coalition Colt, son of the Godolphin Arabian.
Bustard, by Greyhound, Makeless, Wasted Turk, Hautboy, Brimmer.
Second, by Flying Childers, dam by Basto, Curwen's Bay Barb, Curwen's Spot, White-legged Lowther Barb, Old Vintner Mare.
Stanyan's Arabian.
King William's No-tongued Barb.
Makeless, by the Oglethorpe Arabian.
Royal Mare.
Royal Mares. King Charles the Second sent abroad the Master of the Horse, to procure a number of foreign horses and mares for breeding, and the mares brought over by him (as also many of their produce) have since been called Royal Mares.
Ko. IV. PEDIGREE OF IMP. LEVIATHAN.
Leviathan (formerly called Mezereon), cli. c, foaled 1823, bred by Mr Painter, and imported by James Jackson & Co. into Alabama, 1830 ; by Muley.
1st dam, by Windle.
2d " " Anvil.
3d " " Virago (Saltram's dam), by Snap.
4tli " " Regulus.
Stb " sister to Black and all Black, by Crab.
6tli " Miss Slamerkin, by Yovmg True Blue.
7tb " Oxford Arabian.
8th " Miss D'Arcy's Black-legged Eoyal Mare.
Muley, by OrviUe, out of Eleanor, by Whiskey, her dam Young Giantess (Sorceress' dam), by Diomed ; Giantess, by Matchem ; Molly Long-legs, by Ba- bvaham ; Coles Foxhunter, sister to Cato, by Partner; sister to Roxana, by the Bald Galloway ; sister to Chanter, by the Akaster Turk ; Leedes' Arabian, Spanker.
Windle, by Beningbrough, out of Mary Ann, by Sir Peter ; Young Marske ; Matchem ; sister to Antelope, by Young Belgrade ; Scarborough Colt Mare ; Bartlet's Childers ; Devonshire Turk ; Curwen's Barb ; Old Spot ; Woodcock.
Anvil, by Herod, dam by Feather, her dam Crazy, by Lath ; sister to Snip, by Childers; sister to Soreheels, by Basto; (sister to the Mixbury Galloway) by the Curweu Bay Barb ; Curwen Spot ; White-legged Lowther Barb ; Old Vintner Mare.
Snap, by Snip, dam sister to Slipby, by Fox, her dam Gipsey, by Bay Bolton ; Duke of Newcastle's Turk ; Byerly Turk ; Taffolet Barb ; Place's White Turk ; Natural Barb Mare.
Regulus, by the Godolphin Arabian, dam Grey Robinson, by the Bald Gal- loway ; Snake ; Old Wilkes, a daughter of Old Hautboy.
Crab, by Alcock's Arabian, sister to Soreheels, by Basto, see Anvil's pedigree.
Young True Blue, by William's Turk, dam by Byerly.
Oxford Arabian.
Miss D'Arcy's Black -legged Royal Mare.
No. V. PEDIGREE OF IMP. PRIAM.
Priam, bay colt, foaled 1827, by Emilias, bred by Mr. W. Cliifney, and im- ported in 1837, by Messrs. Merritt, of Virginia.
1st dam, Cressida (sister to Eleanor), by Whiskey.
2d " Young Giantess, by Diomed. ^
3d " Giantess, by Matchem. V ' [fr
4tli " Molly Long-legs, by Babraham. ^^s '4
5tli " by Coles' Foxliunter. ^ •. !.
Ctli " sister to Cato, by Partner. *'-
7th. " sister to Roxana, by Bald Galloway.
Stb " sister to Chant 3r, by Akaster Turk. '
9th " by Leedes' Arabian. j
10th " " Spanker. |
Emilias, by Orville, out of Emily, by Stamford, her dam by Whiskey, out ^yi
of Grey Dorimant, by Dorimant ; Dizzy, by Blank ; Dizzy, by Driver ; Smiling Tom ; Oysterfoot ; Merlin ; Commoner ; Coppin Mare.
Whiskey, by Saltram, out of Calash, by Herod, her dam Teresa, by Match- em ; Regulus; sister to the Ancaster Starling, by Starling; Ringbone, by Partner ; Croft's Bay Barb ; Makeless ; Brimmer ; Dicky Pierson ; Burton Barb Mare.
Diomed pedigree, in full, see No. 3.
Matchem by Cade, dam by Partner, her dam by Makeless ; Brimmer ; Place's White Turk ; Dodsworth; Laytou Barb Mare.
Babraham, by the Godolphin Arabian, out of the Large Hartley Mare, by Mr. Hartley's Blind Horse ; Flying Whig, by William's Woodstock Arabian ; St. Victor Barb ; Why-not (son of the Fenvvick Barb) ; Royal Mare.
Cole's Foshunter, by Brisk (son of Darley's Arabian), out of the Rutland Brown Betty, by Basto, out of the Massey Mare, grandam of Ebony.
Partner, by Jigg, dam sister to Mixbury, by Curwen's Bay Barb ; Old Spot ; White-legged Lowther Barb ; Old Vintner Mare.
Bald Galloway, by St. Victor's Barb, dam by Why-not, out of a Royal Mare.
Akaster Turk.
Leedes' Arabian.
Spanker, by the D'Arcy Yellow Turk, dam by Lord Fairfax's Morocco Barb, out of Bald Peg, by Arabian, out of a Barb Mare.
x
No. VI. PEDIGKEE OF IMP. GLENCOE.
Glencoe, ch. c, foaled 1831, by Sultan, bred by Lord Jersey, and imported by James Jackson of Florence, Ala., in 1836.
1st dam, Trampoline, by Tramp.
2d " Web, by Waxy.
3d " Penelope, by Trumpator.
4tli " Prunella, by Highflyer.
5th '• Promise, by Snap.
6th " Julia, by Blank.
7th " Spectator's dam, by Partner.
Btli " Bonny Lass, by Bay Bolton.
9th " " " " Barley's Arabian.
10th " " " " Byerly Turk.
11th " " " " Taflfolet Barb.
12th " " " " Place's Wliite Turk. >
13th " Natural Barb Mare.
Sultan, by Selim, out of Bacchante, by Williamson's Ditto, her dam, sister to Calomel, by Mercury ; Herod ; Folly, by Marske ; Vixen, by Regulus ; Hutton's Spot ; Fox's Cub ; Bay Bolton ; Coneyskin ; Hutton's Grey Barb ; Byerly Turk ; Bustler.
Tramp, by Dick Andrews, dam by Gohanna, her dam Fraxinella, by Trent- ham ; Woodpecker ; Everlasting, by Eclipse ; Hysena, by Snap ; Miss Belsea, by Regulus ; Bartlet's Childers ; Byerly Turk ; the dam of the two True Blues.
Waxy, by Pot-8-o's, out of Maria, by Herod, her dam Lisette, by Snap, out of Miss Windsor, by the Godolphin Arabian ; sister to "Volunteer, by Young Belgrade ; Bartlet's Childers ; Devonshire Chestnut Arabian ; Sister to Westbury by the Curwen Bay Barb ; Old Spot ; Woodcock.
Trumpator, by Conductor, out of Brunette by Squirrel, her dam Dove by Matchless ; Ancaster Starling ; Grasshopper ; Sir M. Newton's Bay Arabian ; Pert ; St. Martin's ; Sir J. Hale's Turk ; The Oldfield Mare.
Highflyer, by Herod, out of Rachel, by Blank, her dam by Regulus ; Sore- heels ; Makeless ; C. D'Arcy's Royal Mare.
Snap, by Snip, dam sister to Slipby, by Fox, her dam Gypsey, by Bay Bol- ton ; Duke of Newcastle's Turk ; Byerly Turk ; Taffblet Barb ; Place's White Turk ; Natural Barb Mare.
Blank, by Godolphin Arabian, out of Little Hartley Mare, by Bartlet'4 Cliilders, her dam Flying Wliig by William's Woodstock Arabian ; St. Victoi Barb ; Why-not (son of the Fenwick Barb) ; Royal Mare.
Partner, by Jigg, dam sister to Mixbury by Curwen's Bay Barb ; Old Spot^ White-legged Lo%vther Barb ; Old Vintner Mare.
Bay Bolton, by Grey Hautboy, dam by Makeless ; Brimmer ; Diamond ; sis- ter to Merlin.
Darley's Arabian.
Byerly Turk.
Taffolet Barb.
Place's White Turk.
Natural Barb Mare.
No. VII. PEDIGREE OF TRUSTEE.
TRUf5TEE, ch. c, foaled 1829, by Catton, bred by Mr. Ridsdale, and imported, in 1835, by Captain Stockton, U. S. N., of New Jersey.
1st dam, Emma, by Whisker.
2d " Gibside Fairy, by Hermes.
3d " Vicissitude, by Pipator.
4tb " Beatrice, by Sir Peter Teazle.
5tli " Pyrrha, by Matchem.
6th " Duchess, by Whitenose.
7th " Miss Slamerkin, by Young True Blue.
8th " " " " Oxford's Dun Arabian.
9th " " " " D'Arcy's Black-legged Royal Mare.
Catton, foaled 1809, by Golumpus, dam Lucy Gray, by Timothy, her dam Lucy, by Florizel, out of Frenzy, by Eclipse ; Engineer ; Blank ; Lass of the Mill, by Traveller ; Miss Makeless, by Yoimg Greyhound ; Partner ; Woodcock ; Crofts' Bay Barb ; Makeless ; Brimmer ; Dicky Pierson ; Burton Barb Mare.
Whisker, by Waxy, dam Penelope by Trumpator, her dam Prunella by Highflyer, out of Promise, by Snap ; Julia, by Blank ; Spectator dam by Part- ner ; Bonny Lass, by Bay Bolton ; Darley's Arabian ; Byerly Turk ; Taffolet Barb ; Place's White Turk ; Natural Barb Mare.
Hermes, by Mercury, out of Rosina by Woodpecker, her dam Petworth by Herod, out of Golden Grove by Blank ; Spinster, by Partner ; Bloody Buttocks ; Greyhound ; Makeless ; Brimmer ; Place's White Turk ; Dodsworth ; Layton Barb.
Pipator, by Conductor, dam Brunette by Squirrel, her dam by Matchless ; Ancaster Starling ; Grasshopper ; Sir M. Newton's Bay Arabian ; Pert ; St. Mar- tins ; Sir E. Hales's Turk ; The Old Field Mare.
Sir Peter Teazle, by Highflyer, dam Papillon by Snap, her dam Miss Cleve- land, by Regulus ; Midge, by a sou of Bay Bolton ; Bartlet's Childers ; Honey- wood's Arabian ; True Blues Dam.
Matchem, by Cade, dam by Partner, her dam by Makeless ; Brimmer ; Place's White Turk ; Dodsworth ; Layton Barb Mare.
Whitenose, by the Godolphin Arabian, dam sister to Blaze by Childers ; Confederate Filly, by Grey Grantham ; Duke of Rutland's Black Barb ; Bright Roan ; Young True Blue, by William's Turk, dam by Byerly ; Oxford Dun Arabian.
D'Arcy's Black-legged Royal Mare.
No. VIIL PEDIGREE OF AMERICM ECLIPSE.
American Eclipse, ch. c, bred by Gen. Nathaniel Coles, at Dosoris, Queens County, Long Island, foaled May 25 tb, 1814, by Duroc.
1st dam, Miller's Damsel, by Imp. Messenger.
2d " Imp. Mare, by Pot-8-o's.
Sd " " " " Gimcrack.
4tb " Snap Dragon, by Snap.
5th " " " " Regulus.
6th " " " " Bartlet's Childers.
Ttli " " " " Honeywood's Arabian.
8th '• " " dam of the Two True Blues, by Byerly.
Duroc, by Imp. Diomed, dam Amanda, by Grey Diomed, her dam by Virginia Cade ; Hickman's Independence ; Dolly Fine, by Imp. Silver Eye ; Imp. Badger; Forester ; Imp. Silver Eye ; Imp. Monkey.
Imp. Messenger, by Mambrine, dam by Turf, she out of sister to Figurante by Regulus ; by Starling ; Snap's dam by Fox ; Gipsey, by Bay Bolton ; Duke of Newcastle's Turlv ; Byerly Turk ; TafFoIet Barb ; Place's White Turk ; Natural Barb Mare.
Pot-8-o's, by Eclipse, out of Sportmistress, by Warren's Sportsman, her dam Golden Locks, by Oroonoko ; Valiant's dam by Crab ; by Partner ; Thwait's Dun Mare, by Akaster Turk.
Gimcrack, by Cripple, out of Miss Elliott, by Gresiwood's Partner, her dam Cselia, by Partner ; Bloody Buttocks ; Greyhound ; Brocklesby Betty, by Curwen's Bay Barb ; Leedes' Hobby Mare, by the Lister Turk.
Snap by Snip, dam by Fox, her dam Gipsey by Bay Bolton ; Duke of New- castle's Turk ; Byerly Turk ; Taffolet Barb ; Place's White Tui-k ; Natural Barb Mare.
Regains, by the Godolphin Arabian, out of Grey Robinson, by the Bald Gal loway ; by Snake ; Old V/ilkes, by Old Hautboy.
Bartlet's Childers, by Darley's Arabian, out of Betty Leedes, by Careless ; sister to Leedes, by Leedes' Arabian ; Spanker ; Barb Mare, which was Spank- er's dam.
Honeywood Arabian.
Byerly Turk.
Ko. IX. PEDIGREE OF BOSTON.
BosTOX, ell. c, bred by J. Wickham, Richmond, Va., foaled 1833, by Timo- leon.
1st dam, sister to Tuckahoe, by Ball's Florizel.
2d " " " " " Imp. Alderman.
8d " " " " " Imp. Clockfast.
4tli " " " " " Symmes Wildair.
5th. '' Young Kitty Fislier, by Imp. Fearnouglit.
6tli " Imp. Kitty Fislier, by Cade.
7tli " " " " '•■ Cullen Arabian.
8tli " Bald Charlotte, by Old Royal.
9th " " " " Bethell's Castaway.
10th " " " " Brimmer.
Timoleon, by £ir Arcliy, dam by Imp. Saltram, her dam by Symmes Wildair ; Imp. Driver ; Imp. Fearnought ; Imp. Fellow (son of Cade) ; Imp. Vampire.
Ball's Florizel, by Imp. Diomed, dam by Imp. Shark, her dam by Harris' Eclipso ; Imp. Fearnoug-ht ; Imp. Jolly Roger ; Imp. Sober John ; Imp. Shock.
Imp. Alderman, by Pot-8-o's, out of Lady Bolingbrokc, by Squirrel, her dam Cypron (King Herod's dam), by Blaze ; Selima, by Bethell's Arabian ; Gra- ham's Champion ; Parley's Arabian ; Merlin.
Imp. Clockfast, by Gimcrack, dam Miss Ingram, by Regulus, her dam Miss Doe, by Sedbury ; Miss Mayes, by Bartlet's Childers ; by Snake ; by Luggs ; Dan- iel's Old Vv'oodcock.
Symmes Wildair, by Imp. Fearnought, dam by Imi?. Jolly Roger, her dam Imp. Kitty Fisher, by Cade, which see above.
Imp. Fearnought, by Regulus; out of Silvertail, by Mr. Heneage's White- nose, her dam by Rattle ; Darley's Arabian ; Old Child Mare, by Sir T. Gres- ley's Bay Arabian ; Mr. Cook's Vixen, by the Helrasley Tui'k ; Dod worth's Royal Mare.
Cade, by the Godolphin Arabian, out of Roxana, by the Bald Galloway, her dam sister to Chanter, by the Akaster Turk , Leedes' Arabian ; Spanker.
The Cullen Arabian.
Old Royal by the Holderness Turk ; Blunderbuss ; Royal Mare.
Bethell's Castaway, by Merlin, sister to Mr. Bethell's Ruffler, by a son of Brimmer's ; Dick Burton's Mare, whose pedigree has been long lost.
Brimmer, by the Yellow Tm-k ; Royal Maxe.
No. X.
PEDIGREE OF FASfflON.
Fashion, cli. f., foaled 1837, bred by Wm. Gibbons, of New Jersey ; owned afterwards by Messrs. Reber & Kutz, Lancaster, Ohio, by Imported Trustee.
1st dam. Bonnets O'Blue, by Sir Charles.
2d " Reality, by Sir Archy.
3d " " " Imp. Medley.
4th " " " Mark Anthony.
5th " " " Imp. Janus.
6th '• " " Imp. Monkey.
7th " " " Imp. Silver Eye
8th " " " Spanker. ,
Trustee pedigree, see No. 7.
Sir Charles, by Sir Archy, dam by Imp. Citizen, her dam by Commutation ; Imp. Dare Devil ; Sally Shark, by Imp. Shark ; Betsey Pringle, by Imp. Fear- nought ; Imp. Jenny Dismal, by Old Dismal, son of the Godolphin Arabian, her dam by Lord Godolphin's Whitefoot.
Sir Archy, by Imp. Diomed, dam Imp. Castianera, by Rockingham, see Nos. 2 and 4.
Imp. Medley, by Gimcrack, dam Arminda, by Snap, her dam Miss Cleveland, by Regulus ; Midge; Bartlet's Childers ; Honeywood's Arabian ; dam of the Two True Blues.
Mark Anthony, by Partner, dam Imp. Septima, by Imp. Othello, her dam Moll Brazen, by Cub ; Torrismond ; Second ; Mogul ; Sweepstakes ; Bay Bolton ; Curwen's Bay Barb ; Curwen's Old Spot ; White-legged Lowther Barb.
Imp. Janus, by Janus (son of the Godolphin Arabian), dam by Old Fox, grandam by Bald Galloway.
Imp. Monkey, by Lord Lonsdale's Bay Arabian, dam by Curwen's Bay Barb ; Byerly Tm-k ; Arabian Mare.
Imp. Silver Eye, by Cullen's Arabian, dam by Curwen's Bay Barb ; Byerly Turk ; Curwen's Spot ; White-legged Lowther Barb ; Old Vintner Mare.
Spanker, by D'Arcy's Yellow Turk, dam by Lord Fairfax''s Morocco Barb ; Bald Peg, by an Arabian ; Barb Mare.
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