Historic, archived document Do not assume content reflects current scientific knowledge, policies, or practices. i United States Department of Agriculture : Bureau of Biological Survey —— ee ! Wildlife Research and Management Leaflet BS-50 = ‘Washington, D. C. ae April 1936 | $$$ FRUITS ATTRACTIVE TO BIRDS - FLORIDA REGION No. 10 By VW. L. McATEE, Principal Biologist and Technical Adviser Office of the Chief Contents Page Regions for which leaflets on fruits attractive to birds are available .. 2 IGN EIROC Hive EILOIA 3 Sk S/o Ne Oe eet “ta og ana ene ame am ne ale ee Table 1.--Groups of oe fruits most attractive to birds throughout the Uneted States <0. « ETI ia mi Ligh MiP Tea cig” “coil aS sees Meckeigalt 5. Yee Get se! are Table 2.--Fruits suitable for Zone 1 for which satisfactory data on PRM UME SOASOMIS Pe CANE eco Gs A ee a Melle 6 6 we sew oe we. B Table 3.--Fruits suitable for Zones 2 and 3 for which satisfactory PeaLaMOn iu neseasonis) are Mackiae Ao m-« 6 4 2 3 2 wom 6 6 « © 6.» LO Table 4.--Fruits of Zones 2 and 3 for which satisfactory data on PEON SEASONS Are! OVvaltAble 2 «oa aus Bowe & 2 ss « 6 © ws « # whe TELS SOSA Se MRI orale ner ey ka: Sa ee | REGIONS FOR WHICH LEAFLETS ON FRUITS ATTRACTIVE TO BIRDS ARE AVAILABLE FIGURE ue ee of the United States, showing the 10 regions used in enting information on fruits attractive to birds. As an aid in requesting leaflets, it should be noted that No. BS-4l is for region 1; BS-42, for region 2, etc., with BS-50 for region 10. FIGURE 2.--Planting zones of Floréda. 95 INTRODUCTION Due to geographical location and the climate-modifying effect of surrounding waters, conditions in Florida vary so greatly that recommendations as to planting must be given by zonese The zones adopted (Fig. 2, p. 2) are those used by the Florida Agricultural Experiment Station in its publications on Ormamental plants. The author of those publications, Professor Harold Mewry, has kindly criticized the tables included in this leaflet and assisted in other ways. Cooperation of W. M. Busweil, of fort Myers, and of H. Harold Hume, of Glen Saint Mary, aiso is acknowledged. Table 1 shows groups of fleshy fruits most attractive to birds throughout the United States and lists desirable kinds of birds most fond of the fruit. No barberries, currants, or buckthorns are listed, because they harbor rusts destructive to plants of econcmic importance. Junipers are in almost the same categery, as they serve as alternate hosts for apple rust, but there is no reason why they cannot be used in districts where apples are not commercially grow, as they are among the most valuable plants for wildlife. Omitted also are plants poison- ous to man on contact, as poison ivy and poison sumac, as well as various kinds dangerously poisonous to domestic animals, as yews, wild cherries, and nightshades, in spite of the fact that wild cherries are greatly relished by birds. Browsing animals are known to have been killed by feeding on the leaves of wild cherries but do not seem to be so seriously affected by those of plums. Certain plants included among fleshy fruit bearers in previous publications have been transferred to the list of seed producers, hence do not appear in the present series of leaflets. These include magnolia (Magnolia), bittersweet (Celastrus), and burningbush (Euonymus). It should be noted that the fruit-bearing seasons re- corded, being collected from varied sources, tend to be maxima. As a rule they are not likely to be realized or even approached in a single locality unless numerous specimens of a given species are present and so distributed in sun and shade as to favor both early and late fruiting. Reg. 10 -3- ab TABLE 1. - Groups of fleshy fruits” most attractive to birds throughout the Name of fruit Species of birds known to eat the fruit Common Generic : ae Desirable kinds most fond of the fruit Juniper; rodeeanee! Greenbrier ....... BAVIDELITY. ‘sic cislcls ie sie Hackberry eeovecen Mulberry eseeeoeoseoesne POKCDELLY: ss ee sere Spicebush ......6. SaISSHTEraAS Wcverers)erel ete Strawbderry cececsece © eefeo of JUNTPeCTUS) sees) a OO : Smilax eceoceoe SMVCL CAM eieleleleistome toe smOOIGL Si cretetetecie., sennad Chis MOTUS i cieies Sioveral OO saPhytolaccarisisems) oc ‘i BENZ O1Neratere orelewes wineied, : Sassafras ...- : 18 SeRTAL ATA sels ciel su) (Os Flicker, mockingbird, robin, eastern : bluebird, cedar waxwing, myrtle warbler, evening and pine gtosbeaks, purple finch. Mockingbird, catbird, brown thrasher, robin, hermit thrush, cardinal. Bobwhite, flicker, downy woodpecker, eastern phoebe, tree swallow, black- capped chickadee, Carolina wren, cat- bird, brown thrasher, hermit thrush, eastern bluebird, white-eyed vireo, myrtle warbler, meadowlark, towhee. Flicker, yellow=-bellied sapsucker, mockingbird, brown thrasher, robin, eastern bluebird, eco ens cardinal. Yellow-billed cuckoo, ‘red=-bellied, red- headed, and downy woodpeckers, eastern kingbird, mockingbird, catbird, robin, wood thrush, cedar waxwing, red-eyed vireo, yellow warbler, orchard and Baltimore orioles, scarlet tanager, cardinal, purple finch. Mourning dove, flicker, eastern kingbird, mockingbird, catbird, robin, hermit, olive-backed, and gray-cheeked thrushes, eastern bluebird, cardinal. : Eastern kingbird, wood thrush, veery, red-eyed vireo. : Bobwhite, eastern kingbird, catbird, robin, veery, red-eyed vireo. : Catbird, brown thrasher, robin, wood thrush, towhee. tat ee TABLE 1. - Groups of fleshy fruits most attractive to birds throughout the United States--Continued Name of fruit : Species of birds known to eat the fruit Desirable kinds most fond of the fruit o 8 & [] Common : Generic 3 Ruffed. grouse, bobwhite, flicker, red-= headed woodpecker, eastern kingbird, tufted titmouse, wren tit, mockingbird, catbird, brown thrasher, robin, wood and olive-backed thrushes, eastern bluebird, cedar waxwing, red-eyed vireo, orchard and Baltimore orioles, cardinal, rose- breasted, black-headed, and pine grosbeaks, red-eyed, spurred, ané California towhees, white-throated, fox, and song sparrows. Raspberry, black- Rubus eeeeoeed berry = ns fay) ee ee oo 88 68 ee cofoe of @e ee ee oe ee e@ ee @ Ruffed and sharp-tailed grouse, prairie chicken, bobwhite. Rose @eseeene0ed 8802 @ : Rosa e@eseeee0e0ede08 ee ce eo 00 8° ee 00 © oo Red-headed woodpecker, catbird, brown thrasher, robin, Bohemian and cedar waxwings, Baltimore oriole, evening and pine grosbeaks. Mountain-ash e@eocecove : Sorbus @coeoeed ee 08 oe eo oe Chokeberry ......- : Aronia ...... : 21 Brown thrasher, meadowlark. Ruffed grouse, robin, purple finch, pine grosbeak. Hawthorn ..--.ecee : Crataegus ..e \ ee ©2 o6 © oe 0 60 0% 88 be @6 of 06 0% 6 8 20 08 60 20 08 06 90 Apple ...seccceeee : Malus ......- : 45 : Ruffed grouse, ring-necked pheasant, : : mockingbird, robin, cedar waxwing, purple finch, pine grosbeak, red : : senerossbicLl: Juneberry ........ : Amelanchier . : 42 :; Flicker, catbird, robin, hermit thrush, : : veery, cedar waxwing, Baltimore oriole. Sumact/ ececccccese : ROUS wceveeee : 97 : Ruffed grouse, bobwhite, valley quail, : : : northern and red-shafted flickers, red= : g : bellied and downy woodpeckers, phoebe, 2 : : black-capped and Carolina chickadees, 2 A : wren tit, Carolina wren, mockingbird, : : : catbird, brown and California thrashers, : g : robin, hermit thrush, eastern bluebird, : : white-eyed vireo, towhee, Audubon's ee of : warbler, goldfinch, golden-crowned : : sparrow. _Pepperberry ...... : Schinus ..... : 12 :; Robin, varied and hermit thrushes, cedar : waxwing, phainopepla. TABLE 1. - Groups of fleshy fruits most attractive to birds throughout the United States--Continued Name of fruit : Species of birds known to eat the fruit Common ; Generic ° heel * Desirable kinds most fond of the fruit HOLLY scccccccccee 3 LLOX secsccce >: 46 : Ruffed grouse, bobwmiite, valley quam. : : flicker, yellow-bellied sapsucker, : mockingbird, catbird, brown thrasher, : robin, hermit thrush, eastern bluebird, : cedar waxwing. Supplejack.....e.. : Berchemia ... 15 : Mockingbird, robin. Grapei cic nice vicice coe st VibLS «cccsicl 87 : Ruffed grouse, bobwhite, northern and Virginia creeper . Ampelopsis .. Buffaloberry ..... : Shepherdia .. oo © @8 08 v0 Silverberry, Rus- Elacagnus oo. Sian olive, etc.: 4 Wild-sarsaparilla ; Aralia ....oe DOZWOOd .ccccecccee % COTNUS coccee wo CA Sourgum, tupelo .. : NysSa .ececece 39 Crowberry ..cecece : Empetrum.....: 40 ; Bearberry, manza- : Arctostaphylos: 34 nita : : =6e red-shafted flickers, pileated and red- bellied woodpeckers, easter kingbird, mockingbird, catbird, brown thrasher, robin, wood thrush, veery, eastern and western bluebirds, cedar waxwing, cardinal. Flicker, red-bellied and red-headed wood- peskers, yellow-bellied sapsucker, tufted titmouse, mockingbird, brown thrasher, robin, hermit, olive-backed, and gray-cheeked thrushes, eastern blue- bird, red-eyed vireo, scarlet tanager, evening grosbeak, purple finch. Sharp-tailed grouse, pine grosbeak. Prairie chicken, sharp-tailed grouse, eatbird, robin, cedar waxwing. : Bobwhite, robin. Ruffed grouse, bobwhite, northern and redeshafted flickers, downy woodpecker, eastern kingbird, catbird, brown thrasher, robin, wood, hermit, olive- backed, and gray-cheeked thrushes, eastern bluebird, cedar waxwing, red- eyed and warbling vireos, cardinal, evening and pine grosbeaks, purple finch, white-throated and song sparrows. : Flicker, robin, olive-backed and gray- cheeked thrushes, cedar waxwing, purple finch. Pine grosbeak, snow bunting. : Dusky and ruffed grouse, valley and mountain quail, wren tit, fox sparrow. TABLE 1. = Groups of fleshy fruits most attractive to birds throughout the United States--Continued Name of fruit - Species of birds known to eat the fruit Desirable kinds most fond of the fruit : Ruffed grouse, wren tit. : Robin, pine grosbeak, towhee. Ruffed grouse, valley quail, eastern ss kingbird, black-capped chickadee, tufted ~ titmouse, catbird, brown thrasher, robin, hermit thrush, eastern bluebird,* cedar waxwing, orchard oriole, pine grosbeak, towhee. : Mockingbird, brown thrasher. Common : Generic ee Wintergreen .eccce Gaultheria .. 10 meeerere |... Gaylussacia . 2°46 CDCI Valiele «cies oe Vaccinium ... 93 Beautyberry ...e.6. GaLibosaee! . il Partridgeberry ... Mitchella ... 10 PAGE DOTIY: 6.026 ec 5 Sambucus .ee. ; 118 /@e se 08 89 Of e ef 68 Snowberry, coral- :; Symphoricarpos: 33 berry B Blackhaw, cran- 8 Watlspagen Gogg 8 ae berrybush - HemeyeMecilolc.ce. 2 LONICeEra .... 18 1/ parberries (Berberis), buckthorns (Rhamnus), because they serve as alternate hosts of rusts, attacking wheat, wild cherries (Prunus), respectively. Yews (Taxus), ee 00 ‘ee Ruffed grouse. Valley quail, flicker, red-headed wood- pecker, eastern and Arkansas kingbirds, black phoebe, wren alii mockingbird, catbird, brown and California thrashers, robin, olive-backed thrush, eastern and western bluebirds, phainopepla, red- eyed vireo, rose-breasted and black- headed grosbeaks, California towhee, white-crowned sparrow. Sharp-tailed grouse, varied thrush, evening and pine grosbeaks. Ruffed grouse, yellow-billed cuckoo, flicker, catbird, brown thrasher, robin, eastern bluebird, cedar waxwing, rose- breasted grosbeak, purple finch. Bobwhite, catbird, brown thrasher, robin, hermit thrush, pine grosbeak, white-. throated sparrow. and currants (Ribes) are omitted oats, and white pine, and nightshades (Solanum) also are omitted as being dangerous stock poisoning: plants. 2/ When 10 or more. 3/ Carries apple rust; should not be planted near valuable CHEREECE c 4/ Only nonpoisonous species of sumac are considered. 5/ Data given are based entirely on field observations; total number ‘of birds eating the various species of Blaeagnus unknown. a7. TABLE 2.--Fruits suitable for Zone 1 for which satisfactory data on fruiting seasons are lacking (This list includes bcth native and introduced species. Numbers in Remarks column refer to zones) Common name Scientific name ‘ Remarks Chinese juniper... . ‘: Juniperus chinensis sie Buccaneer palm.) -.-. » ‘Pseudophoemix sargzenti. 7. «1 Adonidiay merry igre Mrikury palm... . 2. 0 Arikuryroba sehizophylla 217 Suzan palm "sss 6... ss sarenea Meaccharinerauer. Hish—taid palm ss 2 CaryOta, matic. sane Roday wpa. ih) Ver cos eh oh it, AOE VO ANEReMS) cer veiats suisiue ) 1 SSO Yellow palm... .°. 2 =’ Chrysatidocarpus Tutescens ae Coquita palm ... ... .. + Jubaea spectbabidis 26 3), 7 3 eels Senegal date palm... : Phoenix reclinata : indta date palm a « <1 PROenia sylvestris, or geu le ley ange ‘ Australian fan palm .. : Livistonia australis ..... : 2 also. Chinese fan palm .. . : Livistonia chinensis . =... : Do. sickhe=thom. oi. 2. «. + Asparagus: falicauusn fence) a Do. Greenbrier ». s\. 6 «5 .smillax havyanensis’ . . Reasemy tle Wess i 41 mc) te) hon Myre ey ie lore /ott oils oh ial elacctoiayel ileal Milena cutee species. imgmany Mere ks gh. sis, t. EMCMS na GaGa ie of seu enics csl eeae he) Maine SO eepine Miaured. sort leuus i, Miia: Dene emaricy slick iy ape omien ied celmer Do. TOME VA EUS (se cs ey sa oe, 5 MCUs) eadetdissdtmen lee sii bie aecuon ane Do. PSUs aly ee CON PRA MEN atresia sn amaollalsy SH! oobs) Soke fo Js Do. SieaneMlo rh Se neve site ft. el CUSE AUTO a ncte inal oft uli oel taiae : lindas, Tuibbertree) is 5) cneusn eClasbaCan leimen ts snuemie isa. DOtGed: fame se si eke sa MCU SH IPO T ONE, Uitectres bel ielicepael te Trumpet tree ..... : Cecropia peltata Bilack malberwry ve, 6), fey yA MONS BIS eee rete Vel me kel) an one palonans Red mulberry .... . + Morus rubra . Mhite mulberry. . 2. s)): Momus alba sy ofeg jis : Sea-2rape: sly lo sie Mee Coccollobusmuyitema Welle) cman) ne cero Do. Pa Me Us Pe WEN Cloyereroulliovlast (S| uaybusslecoltey oi. 5 1a loll o o Do. Rouge! Plant <0 <)« sees HawmMashumiblais) Srey se suche il | neni omc Or Pokeberry <{« % 12.9 .haeie on ebay bOlacca eda ce le were) ce eeeecOe Pondapple Ske sve a eae) ANMOMe) ciabreay «ie ie tees Moe mic eae: Do. AVijeator apple 2. | . ov mmona pabUsimi SMe: jena ima Coral bead. £03 ., s , | Cebatha Taumarolitia) .0 ci) ei emer aa Va Reg. 10 TABLE 2.--Fruits sui Common name Some bay = . Do. ey preras ISGWNO EY fe sie! lal Ihameewood . . ."*. India hawthorm ~. LOCA Ue oleae Cocos plum . =". IDO) aio Ae Oana nee Gopher apple .°. Gumbo, Limbo. . Chamawerzy. . .-7. SELMAC yasmina ans IDC) 2? Gach eecaase Re OSrERee) «. Biv LIL aa ar Wild grape .:. Do. 5 a MeGnEMys ce es Do. toiar ye empe TIC) 67 .)- Virginia creeper Passionflower .-. Do. ec bee Do. ns Surinam cherry .. Brazilian cherry Spanish stopper... Red stopper . .%. Rose apple Strawberry guava SPLESWOOG, « . . x. 1B SKS o\e) oh ay ee WRB pce eo Se Wepelabeniry sf. ve ik. ReresimmOn (6, <6. Ss BapOGidttars a -. Wale oiiiyie™ . sin Saffron plum .. Hiomida privet :. Weld olive “. . 4% PIPL Gt OE ae Do. ah el ike Hedge thorn nes Natal plum... Matrimony—-vine » Purple cestrum . Orange cestrum. =. ECM 2 «6 + + Keg.- 10 <) Night-blooming eeu, suitable for Zone 1 for which satisfactory data on fruiting seasons are lacking--Continued se ae name : Persea dittoralis . . . Persea tmumislis wa ye an Peresgeg), losis, 5 6 4 oea oO 4 Occteaicatesbyonay imenmewe cl 6) 1 Repu olep.lsmmdace iMedia ci ' Eriobotrya japonica... Chrysobalanus icaco . -.... Chrysobalanus pellocarpus .. . : Chrysobalanus pallidus .... 5 JUllevolacsisphnl Sshersmebloey OU G Ie FAI Gn : Melia azedara.ch .. - OUSews SGyonIGlas” og 6 Se Cissus trifoliata .. Annpevonisas) AmDORCO sie! lire) eit cliie Ampelopsis quinquefolia . PAIS Siete CAGE SUDO Sa Wel elie) elles IPDIGGUISE lovee eYssar loreal aise ee Pas Salae Ioitsy ToeUbI ems MGS 6" 6 y Imbiersigialicy soiotiatlhonegsy | Gala eo lourome o) OERS Toa, GlONlYena)o oy qumnl Wanton q Anessa aley lobb.atie@d slay loWiG) Soo NG ino = MURS S, OOS 6) oh an ciee ease INVXSIRILS, GieHMOS IG Gon eau G TS Ic Psidium cattleianum Sn ORI ta aan tae IReAVIS) Olowpisaicoilaisy, 4 ves Rhus Heucantha 9... . - ‘Schinus forepinthifoline ‘ AWiCtKMcreiecnA Me Ay ellie citys: | le) veyy ee Wala) qWaldlatast@luiley gc WatwalS, COILS, 25 %c Calyptranthes Soilheine aie aw et OU Am Wievo@atinabii es e-5) . ota Mauoumemone ormomeD Repanea, gUyanensis .... . bacacores panteculata s)..0)% - Diospyros virginiana : Achras sapota . Sideroxylon Ber enodendron SOE Bumelia angustifolia .. .. Horestiera porulosa ...... Osmanthus floridana .... . IM AWS TUM COmrandisam) “ss i 6 = « Ideustrum ovalitolium <3 \ Cerise, q@butlingrne, Gi cise Ge vo ld : Carissa grandiflora ....-. : Lycium carolinianum . . ‘ Cestrum elegans... CSsiiswiml sueshEie evn 5) 6) 4 6 6 < Cestrum nocturnum.. . ' Premna odoratum ’. aie Remarks a aeSOle Do. i 3 also. 2 also. DO c bor Weg Do. “Dor also. E a ; 2 also. ‘2 also. ‘ a UIDoye ‘Any native 2 also. ~ Do. :3 also. ‘ a 2 also. ‘ Do. ‘2 also. > ‘ Do.’ Do. su DOxal ‘2 and 3 also. species. TABLE 2.--Fruits suitable for Zone 1 for which satisfactory data on - fruiting seasons are _tacking--Continued Common name Seientific name ' Remarks So = Beautyberry . 50.9. 4.9. 0) Caliiicarpa americana 6 o's. -: 3 also. SYCKO) yf OKSS oh) AMON Os A MPC er ae Do. eRe Mis) Ain cinc dane ame Pe COTES cw teva ly eo) eee oe Chipeoecaradiba wor stewie eke ee Chiococcan pane Lomumy tries come Pisychotrie undata.” .. 9 cme 6 eC eos Lantana SUCeROY eae ecu iced bravelingstol-almatien COIN OInsy rapes Ware Okt Gaile Se ot .: Do. Doe oa ely Sat hs, Melis; Ve EIA aT OC ONT eNt eumre te Sie) ar met nese Do. Glory bower | jhe 9...) s §. as iCllerodendron GhiGmsSOnsoy 6 ey eal ee eae Do. py flower ). wales Si. 21. a Duambet pene ay ene to wenn Do. BUSCOnbeUry ihe ts te os NL Datantbagrepene nn) eee ee 4 pearietbush iis)... 44. dt Homedeia soabomst ee) sa nee »' 2 also, ee Do. ° e ° . ° ° e e e s Psychot ria bahamensis . e a) 9 . . . 5 Do. s/cle elise) Soe te: Wee) T ISMChOtriar cule nerd lene of 8) 0), “s: os Soi alsor Ixora +. . ws... . «+: Txora coccinea (and auness species). | De. alderberry.. . ... 1.94.3 % 'Sanbueus Jntermediae oe nll. 6 « =. 6) algae HoUmUS tins ns ei om Veena bare: oe een ee ae a TABLE 3.--Fruits suitable for Zones 2 and 3 for which satisfactory data cn fruiting seasons are lacking (This list -includes both native and introduced ie ee Numbers in Remarks column refer to zones) ae eT PRR EO NNR ' Common name eet _Scientifie name... . . . . .: Remarks. NS Eee Needle palm... .. . .. :! Raapidophyllum hystrix...... -: 1 also. Conary date palm “=... 4.0 «Phoenix canarioncis. peti eee De. Bemme bese le. Melt esos cas ie EEUU sey DONIC IDE iran, goilg! otya taluk mapa a uals ain GOH MO ST | a leed Vado. hn. 2 Sas,(¢e 1 Wo, oe BOGS, CAPAC AGS aia aie siluelueeiae myst ihe ot Job ctth ott t= ee aan em ea Pe cs Salers baie noes WU RAIMA A gh IN SiS 2.8 Any native gpe= Black mul beory = 0% <6 5 5. .0 4 Moms! ralerregeh Cy eal eens i cies Red mMmUL berry. des! 3: le Sy ace te MOnmuts marinas ook eine Sa ae ree WEECevrol berry eo. eg fa MONS, “Alba ucip 1 casa ae ee) GHD ME LUE. ve! a, ls 9 co 12 1h CUS) PUNE aun, kee eee eee eae Comal bead: 5... ‘s, « 2 2.) Cebathayearolins, ¢ ei tay ee outa ao BaSSarwas) © 2/5. \e «> . se 1 Sassatrasn vemieitoddnmy ue. se i ee 3 ppLcebush 55. 4: 5. sss | Benzoin meliccaetolanmishes oe enti ees only. Camphor-tree ...... . ' Cinnamomum CamMpHOTa Wiscuweh hen ie oie 9) Je Black chokeberry .... .: Aronia MEMANOC SMI] claws ste liey is Purple chokeberry .9. °°. . ‘Aronia VULOP UG Cae ey melieile! seh Ve pele he southern crabappile: .\... . "Malus! gnousbaboldia ae eee ke June) berry. +) 5%. % jolie. 6 « Amelienenieriycanadensiis ua kins. ic . Do. cs seth « - - y Amelaniechier, oblongifolia 6.) 6p. HAVICHORMN: in Hes ue ae ee ee ee MOCAGACSINS CONbTNGh oN maul nmueinen oy > clieniCae Do. oo, © een sus & Crea taceulsmpuMlem errimc a wench ui ieseue eo een Me MOM OR Seboucculs (Obeayirev-janlsycrarsysmoulia yaw my a ee RE QI 6) re Se ve, Fax ee sauce eC Rabe alls ivalesiGeiisiy, use anes (eee Do. Me jee) 8 eo ease e OLAbaeluls, Conseneud Neamaliae il alle elu DO. ee 8 eee ee WCPARGCRUS | louie marsh syns ielansihiiey mpkemniie dam ieseee Cony ail aera ra HGOCHOTA «2.4.6 20s. «| \Pymacanbinn COreinecy alanis (ane cles. TABLE 3.--Fruits suitable for Zones 2 and 3 for which satisfactory data - on fruiting seasons are lacking--Continued Common nane - Gopher apple Chinaberry Wiasrant sumac « -. 9.00% Smooth sumac . Staghorn sumac . Saeamctia 2 ./h/6 4 Frost grape ‘ Riverbank grape . Sweet wintergrape Virginia creeper Wild ivy : Yellow ee onmlones - Purple granadilla MEM eEWOOG.. 0 cdi ise Dogwood .. fin Fe Silky Aeron a Flowering dogwood .. Hercules-club .: . Buekleberry: «©. :°.0. Biwebermrmyrakois sy). Umea Pe. ci chown ae Stet. Do. HIER Fringe tree . Privet pee DO te Do. irre SDO\ Karanda : Pie ene nase Matrimony-vine Chilian cestrum Aik, iamibeamay -. Do. Sante Blackhaw os Do. i te ee Do. Wore Weta Laurustinus Boerne eebenry = . -. Japanese honeysuckle Trumpet honeysuckle. Reg. 10 ye SeRGEY RE ie name " Ghiapeotallonne oblongizolias : ‘Velis azedarnch . ‘ Rhus canadensis . » Rhus glabra rate wie PALAIS diysroladeiaay <5 sera aes ‘ Sagaretia Pera eel ore : ‘Vitis cordifolia Vitis vulpina . Vitis cinerea ... neuen ‘ Ampelopsis quinguefolia. 'Gissus incisa . ‘Passiflora lutea .Passiflora edulis ‘Direca palustris . : Cornus microcarpa , Cornus ‘qmomum . : Cornus NOU 6 Aralia spinosa : Gaylussacia 5 Le Pee eee : Vaccinium <*-. ‘Bumelia _ “Tgwregiiena, palvescene ‘Forestiera ligustrina . ‘Chionanthus virginiana. ‘Ligustrum amurense. ‘Ligustrum japonicum _Ligustrum lucidum . ‘Ligustrum nepalense ‘Carissa caranda : -Ehretia acuminata . .Lycium carolinianum . :Cestrum parqui . jlantena Camara: ce. i. = ‘Lantana sellowiana . » Viburnum : Viburnum. - Viburnum - Viburnum 5 tae Gated bitay, sstejorerey G8 iG 5 MG _Lonicera japonica . _Lonicera sempervirens ... Cleinuannbl® 4 “4. 9 94 cassinoides rufidulum tinus Spee habe ‘Any native Remarks 3 aac . vid-August to inid-May. ne ie Cohiaal lair vos Mor: I, BulSoo IDYO) 6 3 only. Do. Do. species. . DO Do. IL AULSO- “Wo : 3 only. Do. iW pulse 3 LO DOa + TABLE 4--Fruits of Zones 2 and 3 for which satisfactory data on fruiting seasons are available Common name Redcedar . Stinking cedar . Cabbage palmetto Saw palmetto Laurel greenbrier Coral greenbrier Lobed greenbrier. . Southern waxmyrtle Sugarberry . Rouge-plant .°. Pokeberry . Redibay si 4 : Red chokeberry . Parsley hawthorn . Hog plun. Cherokee rose Southern dewberry Dwarf sumac Inkberry Vaupone us. cs Supplejack . Beppe EVIE) ws. skia= os Summer grape . Bullace grape Maypop Dogwood sSourgum : Dwarf eeimilenesey: Farkleberry ‘ Highbush ileus . Blueberry. Bumelia Persimmon . Wild olive . Beautyberry °. Elderberry Blackhaw . Redcedar.--—Southern redcedar, barbadensis) , and ranges somewhat farther south. also is adapted. Scientific name . : Juniperus virginiana . . | Tumion. taxifolium . : Sabal palmetto ‘ Serenoa serrulata . ‘ Smilax laurifolia . + Smilax walteri... . ; olilax beyweichia . |Myrica cerifera ‘ Celtis mississippiensis ) ER nvaMey made eies mee ae - : Phytolacca decandra . Persea borbonia . . : Aronia arbutifolia . Crataegus apiifolia ‘Prunus umbellata . . ' Rosa laevigata . - ‘Rubus trivialis .. ‘ Rous copallina . i ilex clapra ‘ Ilex vomitoria . . : Berchemia scandeng . . Ampelopsis arbcerea . Vitis aestivalis . - : Vitis munsoniana . . 'Passiflora incarnate . ‘Cornus stricta. . : Nyssa sylvatica : :Gaylussacia dumosa . . |Batodendron arboreum . . ' Vaccinium corymbosum . Vaccinium. myrsinites Bumelia lanuginosa . Diospyros virginiana . Osmanthus americana . ‘Callicarpa americana . ‘ Sambucus intermedia . ' Viburnum obovatum Fruiting season mice ala year. .: Early August to late Octoben ‘ Mii-October to late November. ‘ Mid-June to early November. : All year. .; Mid-July to mid-April. : Early August to late April. Mid-July to late March. Mid-May to mid-November. AVI yeareon Mid—May to late December. All yeer. ‘ Mid-July to early March. Early September to midNovemter. .: Barly June to late August. ‘ Early August to late March. . ‘Early April to mid-July. Mid-June to late March. All year. . 'Mid-—July to early March. . 'Mid-July to late March. : : Barly July to early November. » | Mid-July to late September. el sears ‘Mid-June to late August. . ; Barly . ' Eany dugust to late September. .: Early July to early December. . ' Early May to mid-July. Early July to mid-March, February to late July. ‘Early April to late June. . ' Early August to mid-November, ‘Early August to earlyNovem bez 3 ‘ Mid-August to late March. ‘ Barly July to late February. . 'Early April to mid-November. 5 TIMING Sy eypies Notes supplementary to Table 4 32 oS Juniperus lucayana (often listed as g. is of equal value, has the same fruiting season, Japanese juniper, J. japonica, Reg. 10 Palmetto.—--Bluestem palmetto, Sabal glabra, bearing fruit from June 15 to September 30, may be substituted. Greenbrier.--Various species occur, any of which may be substituted; the large-seeded, persistent fruits are a reserve rather than a staple food for birds. Redbay.--The swamp redbay, Persea pubescens, is available, prefers moister situations, and bears fruit almost the whole year. Rose.--The swamp rose, Rosa palustris (carolina), which holds its fruits nearly the entire year, is available for Zone 3. Other species native to north Florida also may be used. Dewberry.--The sand blackberry, fubus cuneifolius, bearing fruit from mid-May to mgd-July, or other native species may be used. Chinaberry,Melia azedarach.—Fruit may be available from mid-August to mid-May. Inkberry.-“Ilex glabra is called gallberry throughout its southeastern range; the fruits of all species of Ilex are eaten by birds, and those of dahoon, I. cassine, Chinese holly, I. cornuta, and American holly, i. Opaca, are available most of the year. Blackhaw.--Yiburnum nudum with about the same fruiting season may be substi- tuted. LITERATURE Publications of interest in connection with fruits of Florida inelude: Region Manual of the Southeastern Flora, by John K. Small. 1554 pp., illus., 1933. [Covers the area from North Carolina to Florida and Louisiana.] Inquire as to price from the author, Botanic Garden, New York, N. Y. State Native and exotic palms of Florida, by Harold Mowry. Agr. Expt. Sta.,Bull.2e 71 pp-, illus., May 1931. Inquire as to conditions governing distributior from the University of Florida, Gainesville, Fla. Ornamental trees, by Harold Mowry. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 261,136 pp., illus., June 1933. Inquire as to conditions governing distribution from the University of Florida, Gainesville, Fla. Reg. 1 eR