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ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL
MONOGRAPHS

Vol. XI April, 1927 No. 2

EDITORIAL COMMITTEE

STEPHEN ALFRED FORBES Homer LeRoy SHANTZ

HENRY BALDWIN WarD

PUBLISHED UNDER THE
AUSPICES OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL BY
THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS

CopyRIGHT, 1927, By THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
DIsTIRIBUTED, DECEMBER 28, 1927

FUNGI FROM COSTA RICA
AND PANAMA

WITH EIGHTEEN PLATES AND A MAP IN THE TEXT

BY
FRANK LINCOLN STEVENS == j jgoge

Contribution from the
Botanical Laboratories of the University of Illinois

& Mann

A

fo N71

TNDRODU CIRIONG So crctetas sc: olelscnt dies © cue suerte te auenete ners es aais telgete tered eet ff
PHY. COMVGBDESe coccrcoc cos cic Oo we See ome dance mows ciememee aiidie eaten ooreates 11
CHYTRIDIALES. . we deg) peas avay Shen svattd atieti oye dyed svarezayfedetm ratte id 'snairevevera eects 11
Bch tint De Bay and Wor. PoE Sts ease a See tins, cteit cme aye 11
PERONOSPORALES. . ae SN IARI eee a
Alburo (Pers) S F.Gray.. =F ae ES SO EOE eae rere aM Li
Ime OME ICeh Get Ne esse eck detain telcos teoadacuiaciua venndes 12
PAS ©O MV GEIR Seapets sees eset oe sas cacec esau fayay fe ots ers ctausicis elsperevsid mierevetGuarcpare wen ere 12
PEZIZALES. . : rapes ei artevyn ca Seen Ate srcesaiere fags yes pa)scheroy slavery cele hghatcan sina /ap ese 12
Pesulidiella Gaces Beene ieee Miter veces cto ic aneeeecec: 12
HYsTERIALES. Be Meets seep aac trie hemuctastemarence a Ged Salceapeteniosreare © FAG
crops urn Tore ES eRe ede neradiewamecm | 13
Tener cme tetcher See eri aaarasee nwa onde, 1
MYRIANGIALES. . ie ee Pe oe ora aie crentaniac mmc 1S
Myrianginella Stevens and Weedon. Basen Atte eve na Wea ers 13
PERISPORIALES. . ES ed SORE RICCI LE CREE EGET MOREE aN eT Cer RET aE ae EE 14
Pepreronticene. Sas Side Desh Sua in ie eaaige ealeatiaye “Skuse ese IOs ale ete a acest 14
Preadocarcdiclla Stevens tg gen. Mao inigra thee sister aatlnctcdincdeeeieacses ld
MTonduzia Stevens Ns elien aueoces oats Sern dae esconsaccatescccesavessns 16
Tc es act Ud oe wise ghlecnccee gn 16
(Chactostieme Syd eee eerie etinasrts wie ae Haccis ae cm/s eter emcee ce 1
Mimeriellopsis:Stevens NaGeN wea... sees aceeen ssecen one caee ee comeees 2 O17
HivalomeliolinaiStevens® icra. nec soc en said eave: clus stiee nse: Hi cmes teal PAS
Mimerinaelheissen wae gsas an cea essay sats ceeeade tesweee meade 719)
(PATOCTOpSiSy ADs seiner ry. a ceciiaiateseuee tics a stiss ei oy sisi caeceueth arm aged eonater eee) 19)
IPATOCICI ARS DES ames est rtaescea ter nee ceria emaneiniy een ate eee ptesrare ne
Bee ee age fee eters vice nese 19
erisporum brseeieetsy o ten a tens waters caiclestindia isan seeker retinal enero 0)
CAPNODIACEAE. . ee a sen eeioears ae Sees enero” 20)
Ceratochastonsis Stevens and Weedon a1 ¢ a ee ik, Sane ee 20
IDVPOCRBALES are on tes cit deepsea aie cpa etemm sacs snes 2
BalansiaSpeg ices segues otatise a caged seem minatnneros awicieeemninnceedt OE
MothichloevAtkinsOn-«.ce sek wee Coes ee hee ees Beer ceaunntacyeete Dd
Sphaerostiibew ul meme memes tee cctNe esas rel ncmcied ome Tie neenc: Soe lot
DOUHIDEATES were tecn: ce ee ania Se tteerss Posie sae oaeeemamsaesa © DT
POL VSTOMETNACEAB 2 2 cyte caucte testa 'saansb ec. cbiaranspci-oesnie-ti gus otivevetes die re ySaesc eit iedecciaue e203 23
G@GOcconiaiSaccs ate Heer yeas Sh oe Hot airyAion ea Seiad, D2
PolystomellaySpes eases eexca ceases eae Send tawmeesmingce <2 skecibocen 05
Rheumatopeltis stevens M.S crc. saute ceness eh ss ee ita dase ease
MO THIDEACHAT 2 ei ctrene ee cieie geen eee oe Reedehes 36 ince eins colelip ate ena leis Sisko hes iesverecane
(WOCCOIDEANS cote cas ow cindd Fa Gee eae ceo ete ecules spe neeees ee selene
Schiwesnitaiel la tsp cere sete Mes wrt ere cee sy cine aera ts este esac faerie Vapi <Conshahs
Scolecoccoidea Stevens n. ZEN... 1... eee te tee te eee ee eee eens
Goccostromopsis: Plunkettag, cure caine aniston ie eee eer eo ols ceeereteay ss

Or on ye

wn

Bagnisiopsis Theissen and Sydow............-. 00.00. c eee e cece
Hy perusiStevens 1 GOD: fc, <..teie crate veces <a hance ac
Dothidina Theissen and Sydow..... Renate Dee esis te ete aa sresteles
See Meira ee ene iinet reset a crk ccm.” £90)
PHYLLACHORACEAE. eee eG tte ei Fe share siole ate taste at sratals| Wr amsjavcsase) 1pksuarsy a. tPape: wenn 8 ()
IBCUNT apy ancpo) Use SRR on ese on Ie mete Ie OA OR OnC OMe ae ate Se tErme acta coment ta 30
Trabutia Sacc. and Roum. emend Theiss. and Syd.............-.6----0555 30
HypostigmaSy dows gc cee celeste ceitels cosine aieisieta se stalciinnasings @esinke ee Si
BuryachoravBuckelsiemerte emcee ee ceeciam Sioa pn eiaieie sass exci temieeGie 24
31
2

SN eS ou

OnNnNnNN

CatacoumaTheissenand Sydow: iiec..ce. essa se snuasactsnsetuunsaewcem oO
IAplOspora: Saccivie dss ce oo 074 wreieg tt Sie seiele emis wie eae e.sieig a aiteiela elimareiea! sieves 33

PHYLLACHORINEAE..........5-.00 0200 ee eee
Phyllachora Nits: 2522.4. soca geen oc

Phyllachorella Syd)s.o3.c¢.snnsdaee tn car gcicwa dea ee So tinie as tee cements

Sphaerodothis Shear..................-.
Phaeodothis Syd..............-.-.-0---

Phragmocarpella Theissen and Sydow.............00. 5000s eee ce eee ee eee
Ophiodothella v. HGhwiss cose sse nice cise ols « cinest cet as)s Gin ctakeletee cree eterna

MONTAGNELLACEAE.... 2... 020s
Haplothecium Theissen and Sydow.......
DOTHIDEALES IMPERFECTI............-.-----

CUCURBITARIACEAE. c.44 scc0s- eae: geese ss
Otthiella’Saccs. 0.6 ccs: eoers oy. se aes

CORYNELIACEAE. . :
Corynelia ries ex Pp achenas

MYCOSPHAERELLACEAE..... 05-0000. 0000 ee
Mycosphaerella Johans.................-
PHYSAEOSPORACEAE.... 2.2.00 0000000 e ce eee

Physalospora INiess\ = 222.3 ajo. Gece) asters cases o cianes epee cleus Soe toe pecs ae nee

Didymella Saccs, 2.2 c tose eee:
GNOMONTACEAB Ss cjae)s Suisse ead es Base So ons Gooete soeons Late as ue emee eases
Glomerella Sch. and ‘Spaulding: ..¢..22- 22s acre os n:tescuate eieretsicse eo clete ey eeyee ele
Mazzantia Monts. 7eisce cn cise tsetse ieee etre eee eee ete nee reece

CLYPEOSPHAERIACEAE. .
ead aaah Berl...

BASIDIOMYCETES. .

EXOBASIDIALES. .
Microstroma ‘Nicsl..

KBREIGAT Ro Ge oe ia eerie ft aati tee
POLYPORACEAB Ss ccccoseeha <r eich ts eie ane GuegaiGslara RUE ater ee ote ene eae

Polyporus: Mich’s.5.aacvete a aver car ae a oto oo Seeley eee sasgeys eke eat ore anesthe

SPHAEROPSIDALES.
HYALOSPORAE. .

Phyl osucis Pee

Maclophoma (Sact) Bel and Vor. PMc haha Met openlge ier aptielece seams tems

PHAEODIrDYMAE. .
Botryodliplodia ee,
HYALODIDYMAE.

Daslucr Cashes ee) ee, oe ee ee
SCOLE COSPORAT sje cetacean eres eres ee eter estolie tert) ieee erates

Septoria Fr.
MELANCONIALES.

Gall torschues Coe
MOnILIALEs.
Moni incuanes

Oidium (Link) em, Suee.,

Botrytis Mich......... cert tore

Ramularia Ung... ..-- ee eee eee

DEMATIACEAE .
Pladesconies Link.

Helminthosporium din koe ec sees cele,cne ae eitene career ogre arene cheten screeners

Cercospora Fres............
STILBACEAE........
Isaria Pers......

Stilbella Lindau
TUBERCULARIACEAE..........--.------
Fusarium Link...............

Pucciniopsis Speg............

Scenonyces)Stevens:n. Benes ¢6<¢ is ser ntnec ecto ase nce nmee ane

INDEX TO FUNGI ss se0000c3 ¢ c'evecnacersis fereng tare

159] FUNGI FROM COSTA RICA AND PANAMA—STEVENS 7

INTRODUCTION

The fungi reported herewith were collected by the author during a
period of approximately two months spent in these countries between
June 20 and August 25, 1923. The actual collecting time was short, though
some 70 individual trips were taken, and the collection thus represents
merely a slight sampling of the richness of these very interesting regions,
a sampling to be added to the earlier reports made by Pittier,! Hennings,”
Patouillard,? Sydow, Bommer and Rousseau,® and Spegazzini.®

The localities found to be especially interesting in Costa Rica are the
primitive high forests near Cartago, and at La Palma, the old pass above
San José; the rich jungle lying near the old railroad at Columbiana and
other points, the jungle near Siquirres and the swamp jungles in the low-
lands near Limon and Swamp Mouth. The high rainforest on the mountain
slopes to the south of the old railroad from Siquirres to Guapiles and the
jungles to the south of Siquirres hold a vast amount of very interesting
material.

In Panama all may be said to be interesting. Here, as nowhere else
that I know of, primitive jungle lies on all hands, only a few minutes walk
from an excellent railroad, or traversed by a fine automobile road, and
one may sleep and dine at comfortable hotels and spend many hours daily
in primitive jungle of great richness and diversity.

The summer’s collections comprise something over a thousand numbers,
of which only a portion are reported herewith, the Meliolas, Microthyria-
ceae, rusts and many of the Ascomycetes, and many of the Fungi Imper-
fecti being reserved for a later paper.

As is true in most tropical collecting, the Meliolas and other Perispori-
ales, the Microthyriaceae, the Dothideales are especially abundant; the
Phyllostictas, Septorias, Cercosporas and many other genera so common
in the temperate regions, though present, are relatively rare. The smuts
also are sparsely represented.

1 Pittier, H., Fungi costaricensis I. Hedw., 41: (101), 1902.

2 Hennings, P., Einige neue Pilze aus Costarica und Paraguay. Hedw., 43: 147, 1904.

3 Patouillard, N., Quelques champignons du Costa-Rica. Bull. Soc. Myc. de France,
28:140, 1912.

4 Sydow, H. and P., Novae fungorum species, Ann. Myc., 11:254, 1913.

5 Bommer, J. E. and Rousseau, M., Primitiae Florae Costaricensis, Fungi. Bull. Soc.
Roy. Botan. Belgique 35: 151, 1896.

6 Spegazzini, Carlos, Fungi costaricensis nonulli. Bull. Acad. Nac. de Ciencias, Cordoba,
23:541, 1918.

8 ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS [160

The slides, notes, original drawings and specimens on which these
studies are based are deposited in the herbarium of the University of
Illinois and duplicate specimens may be found in the New York Botanical
Garden. The photographs reproduced in the plates were made by A. G.
Eldridge; the line drawings by L. R. Tehon.

The following is a list of the field numbers with places and dates of
collection.

Costa RIcA
Nos. 1-14 San José 6-20-23
Nos. 15-26 San José 6-20-23
Nos. 27-37 Cartago 6-22-23
Nos. 38-110 Cartago 6-23-23
Nos. 111-118 San José 6-24-23
Nos. 112-118 San José 6-25-23
Nos. 119-132 Aserri 6-26-23
Nos. 133-153 Desamparados 6-27-23
Nos. 154-169 Escasu 6-29-23
No. 170 San José 6-30-23
Nos. 171-173 Guadaloupe 6-30-23
Nos. 174-179 San Vincente del Coronado 6-30-23
Nos. 180-206 Cartago Tet la2S
No. 207 Cartago Ue PRS
Nos. 208-217 San Pedro 7— 4-23
Nos. 218-226 Agua Caliente i= on28
Nos. 227-229 Cartago 7— 6-23
Nos. 230-257 El Alto (=n0-23
Nos. 258-270 Cartago T= 1-23
Nos. 271-311 La Palma 18-23
Nos. 312-338 Peralta 7— 8-23
Nos. 339-405 Peralta 7-12-23
Nos. 406-473 Peralta 7-13-23
Nos. 474-484 Peralta 7-14-23
Nos. 485-501 Siquirres to Guapiles LAWiz23
Nos. 502-560 Siquirres to Guapiles 7-18-23
Nos. 561-596 Siquirres to Guapiles 7-19-23
Nos. 597-616 Siquirres to Guapiles 7-20-23
Nos. 617-620 Puntarenas 7-24-23
Nos. 621-641 El Roble 7-25-23
Nos. 642-645 Conception 7-27-23
No. 646 Cartago 7-28-23
Nos. 647-648 San José 7-28-23
Nos. 649-654 Alajuela 7-29-23

No. 655

OF THE
U2UVERSITY OF ILLINOIS

LXaT, NI qa.Li) SALLITVIO'T ONIMOHS VOT VLSOZ 10 LUVd ¥ 10 IVI HOLAAS

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161]

No.

Nos.
Nos.
Nos.

No.
No.

Nos.
Nos.
Nos.
Nos.
Nos.
Nos.
Nos.
Nos.

FUNGI FROM COSTA RICA AND PANAMA—STEVENS

656

657-658
659-722
123-135
736

737

738-742
743-767
768-772
773-783
784-817
818-852
853-892
893-902

PANAMA

Nos.

No.

Nos.
Nos.
Nos.
Nos.
Nos.
Nos.
Nos.
Nos.
Nos.

No.

Nos.
Nos.
Nos.

No.

Nos.

No.

Nos.
Nos.
Nos.

1000-1002
1003
1004-1057
1058-1099
1100-1105
1106-1119
1120-1142
1143-1159
1160-1167
1168-1175
1176-1212
1213
1214-1218
1219-1259
1260-1261
62)
1263-1319
1320
1321-1340
1341-1347
1348-1349

Juan Vinas
Siquirres
Siquirres
Siquirres
Peralta

San José
Cartago
San Cecelia
Limon
Swamp Mouth
Sabario
Port Limon
Port Limon
Port Limon

Panama
Panama
Tapia
Gamboa
Pedro Miguel
Gamboa
Alehjuela
Gatuncillo
Juan Mina
Old Panama
Frijoles
Panama
Panama
Juan Diaz
Ancon
Colon
Chagres, 2-3 miles of Mouth
Colon
France Field
Gatun
Gatun

Soll 23

813525
8-14-23
8-15-23
8-16-23
8-16-23
8-17-23
8-18-23
8-18-23
8-18-23
8-19-23
8-20-23
8-20-23
SH2iL-23
8-21-23
8-22-23
8-23-23
8225-23
8-24-23
8-24-23
8-24-23
o-2oe2S

It is a pleasure to acknowledge the kind coéperation received from
many friends in both countries and in especial to mention the many
courtesies of the United Fruit Company in Costa Rica; from Mr. G. V.
Long, Mr. F. N. Cox, British Consul of San José, Sr. Francisco J. Peralta,
Don Oton Jimenez of San José; and Mr. C. H. Lankester of Cartago.

In Panama I was given every assistance and encouragement possible
by His Excellency, Colonel J. J. Morrow, Governor of the Panama Canal

10 ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS : [162

Zone, and much valuable advice and assistance by Mr. Powell of Ancon.
I am indebted also to the Graduate School of the University of Illinois
for financial aid. Iam indebted to W. R. Maxon, Mr. P. C. Standley, S. F.
Blake and Mrs. Agnes Chase for many host determinations.

163] FUNGI FROM COSTA RICA AND PANAMA—STEVENS 11

PHYCOMYCETES

CHYTRIDIALES
SYNCHYTRIUM DE Bary AND Wor.

Ber. Nat. Ges. Freih. 3 H. 2:22, Schr. Krypt. Fl. Schl. Pilze 184.

1, SYNCHYTRIUM BOERHAAVIAE Stevens 0. sp.
[Figures 1-2]

No mycelium. Resting spore globular to oval, 25 to 90u in diameter,
double walled, inner wall hyaline, thick (74), uniform; outer wall straw
colored to yellowish brown, fragile, very thin. Interior in young stages
filled with vacuolate protoplasm. Sporangial sori few, thin walled, straw
yellow, 90 to 110u in diameter. Sporangia subglobose or oval, about 25 to
28u in diameter, bearing numerous zoospores. Living zoospores not seen.

On Boerhaavia erecta."

Costa Rica; El Roble, Sept. 25, 1923, 621.

The great variability in size of the resting spores is quite remarkable.
It appears as though the small ones are fully mature since their two walls
seem to be as well developed as in the larger ones. Some of the resting
spores appear to contain differentiated zoospores but the evidence was not
decisive.

2. SYNCHYTRIUM DECIPIENS Farl.

Synch. U. S., Bot. Gaz., 10:240, 1885.
On Vigna vexillata.
Costa Rica: Peralta, July 13, 1923, 457.

PERONOSPORALES

ABuco (Pers.) S. F. Gray
Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl., 1:540, 1821.

3. ALBUGO BLITI (Biv.) Kuntze.
Rev. Gen. °Pl., 2:658, 1891.
On Amaranthus sp.
Costa Rica: San José, Aug. 2, 1923, 737.
On Iresine acicularis.
Costa Rica: Peralta, July 11, 1923, 314, 386, 427.

7 Det. Standley.

12 ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS [164

Wilson® does not list Iresine as a host of Albugo. Conidia only were
found; no oospores present.

4. ALBUGO IPOMOEAE-PANDURANAE (Schwein.) Swing.

Jour. Myc., 7:112, 1891.
On Ipomoea sps.

Panama: France Field, Aug. 24, 1923, 1325.

Costa Rica: San José, June 20, 1923, 2; June 21, 1923, 19; Escasu,
June 29, 1923, 156; San Pedro, July 4, 1923, 209; Peralta, July 11,
1923, 332, July 13, 1923, 461; El Roble, July 25, 1923, 630; San
Vincente del Coronado, June 30, 1923, 175.

5. ALBUGO PLATENSIS (Speg.) Swing.

Jour. Myc., 7:113, 1892.
On Boerhaavia erecta.
Panama: Frijoles, Aug. 20, 1923, 1207.
Costa Rica: Puntarenas, July 7, 1923, 619.
On Boerhaavia caribaea.®
Panama: Gamboa, Aug. 16, 1923, 1075.

PLASMOPARA Schroet.
Krypt. Flor. Schles. Pilze, 236, 1886.
6. Prasmopara Halstedii Berl. and de Toni

Sacc. Syll. Fung., 7:242, 1888.
On Bidens sp.

Costa Rica: Desamparados, June 27, 1923, 137; San José, June 20,

1923, 5.

On Erechtites hieracifolia.

Costa Rica: Peralta, July 13, 1923, 433.

ASCOMYCETES
PEZIZALES

TRYBLIDIELLA Sacc.
Sacc. Syll. Fung., 2:757, 1883.

7. TRYBLIDIELLA RUFULA (Spreng.) Syll. Fung., 2:757, 1883.
Tryblidium rufulum (Spreng.) Ell. and Everh. N. Am. Pyreno., 690,
1892.
Hysterium rufulum Spreng. in Vet. Ac. Holm., 20, 1820.
8 Wilson, G. W. Studies in North American Peronosporales. Host Index. Torrey

Botanical Club Bull., 35: 543, 1908.
® Det. Blake.

165] FUNGI FROM COSTA RICA AND PANAMA—STEVENS 13

[Figures 92-95]
On Citrus aurantium (orange).
Costa Rica: Columbiana, July 20, 1923, 498.

HYSTERIALES

AcCROSPERMUM Tode
Fungi Mecklenburgensis selecti, Luneburgi, 1790.

8. ACROSPERMUM FOLIICOLUM Berk.
North American Fungi, no. 1000, Grevillea, 4:161, 1876.

[Figures 3, 96, 97]

On Anthurium boltonianum.'®

Costa Rica: Sabario, Aug. 8, 807.

This fungus appears to be in every detail like the specimen of Ellis and
Everhart, North Amer. Fungi, no. 2629 on decaying leaves of Ulmus
as well as like no. 2149 on fallen leaves of Concord grape, but in all three
specimens the longitudinal opening is not apparent. There is a possibility
that this species should be referred to the Hypochreales, possibly to
Ophionectria, rather than to its position as given here in the Hysteriales.

LopHODERMIUM Chev.
Par. I. 436, De Not. Pir. Ist. 49.

9. LoPHODERMIUM ARUNDINACEvM (Schr.) Chev.

Flor. par. I. 435.
On Andropogon bicornis.™
Costa Rica: Peralta, July 13, 1923, 463.

MYRIANGIALES

MyRIANGINELLA Stevens and Weedon
Mycol., 15:197, 1923.

10. MyRIANGINELLA COSTARICENSIS Stevens n. sp.
[Figures 4, 5]

Spot pale, subcircular, indefinite, surrounding the stromata, showing
from both leaf surfaces. Stromata solitary, hypophyllous, raised above the
leaf surface, brown to black, fastened by a central brown foot about 140u
wide which extends a short distance into the mesophyll and also occupies
the epidermal cells. Stroma brown, without definite boundary, 460 to

10 Det. Standley.
1 Det. Chase.

14 ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS [166

620yu in diameter, up to 310u deep. Asci solitary, 8-spored, inordinate,
83 to 93 x 25u. Paraphyses matted densely, above forming a brown
epithecium. Spores hyaline, muriform, 5 to 6 cross or oblique walls, 25 to
32 x 7 to 9u, obtuse.
On Miconia sp.
Costa Rica: Siquirres, July 31, 1923, 698.

Thus fungus is quite similar to Myrianginella tapirae in its superficial
parts but differs essentially in the foot and hypostroma as well as in spore
size and septation; it differs from Myriangina in the generic characters,
also in spore shape and septation.

PERISPORIALES
PERISPORIACEAE

Key to genera included herein

Subcuticular stroma present................04. Pseudoparodiella p. 14
Subcuticular stroma not present—Perithecia and mycelium superficial,
nonhyphopodiate
Spores tiliform.sa.s oo eusecucpae sent ee ee ete Tonduzia p. 16

Spores not filiform
Setae present
Spores hyaline, 2-celled

Asci aparaphysate.................. Dimeriella p. 16

ASci paraphysate.< <o..6 5. cclecuneie aad Chaetostigme p. 17
Spores hyaline, 3-celled................ Dimeriellopsis p. 17
Spores brown, 4-celled................. Hyalomeliolina p. 18

Setae absent or atypical, perithecium smooth
Spores colorless, 2-celled

Perithecium dark................... Dimerina p. 19
Spores brown, 2-celled

Peritheciairedim a ews ccm een Parodiopsis p. 19

Perithecia’ dark oc. woe2t eens eure sce Parodiella p. 19
Spores brown, 3-celled............... Perisporina p. 19
Spores brown, 4-celled................. Perisporium p. 20

PSEUDOPARODIELLA Stevens n. gen.

Fungus Perisporiaceous, asci paraphysate, no external mycelium,
stroma subcuticular, conidiiferous. Perithecia free, globose, borne on a
subcuticular stroma, setose. Asci 8-spored, spores 2-celled, hyaline.

11. PSEUDOPARODIELLA VERNONIAE Stevens 0. sp.

[Figures 6-15, 98]

Spots circular or irregular, indefinite, 0.5 to 1 cm. in diameter, visible
from both leaf surfaces as dead or bleached tissue. Surface covered, above

167] FUNGI FROM COSTA RICA AND PANAMA—STEVENS 15

or below, or both, with black conidia. No external mycelium. Stroma sub-
cuticular, thin, about 3 to 9u, usually one, sometimes 2 to 3 cells in thick-
ness, erumpent through the cuticle. Perithecia globose, about 90y in
diameter, attached to the stroma by a base about 30y broad, t5y high,
bearing setae, about 13 on each perithecium. Setae obscurely septate,
brown at base, pale toward tip, obtuse, 21 to 126 x 7 to 8u. Asci 8-spored,
oblong, short stalked, 52 to 70 x 17u, spores inordinate. Paraphyses
filiform. Spores 17 x 3y, hyaline, 1-septate, not constricted, thicker at the
middle, tapering toward each end. Conidiophores short, 3 x 7y, (or longer,
18) arranged in a compact, low tubercle, dark on distal end, less dark on
proximal end. Conidia ovoid or elliptical, dark, catenulate, in rows up to
five or more, usually continuous and about 11 x 7.5y, occasionally larger,
11 x 18u, and 1-septate.
On Vernonia canescens.”
Costa Rica: Peralta, July 12, 1923, 352.

The general aspect of this fungus to the naked eye is that of Parodiella
or related genera (Fig. 98) but celloidin or scrape mounts give only large
quantities of the catenulate conidia (Fig. 12) which give the appearance
of a dematoid mycelium (Fig. 14). Microtome sections reveal a sub-
cuticular, hyaline, or nearly hyaline, mycelium one cell in thickness.
(Fig. 13.) Views from the surface show this subcuticular mycelium to be
arranged in bands composed of several, usually 1 to 6, parallel mycelial
threads (Figs. 6, 8, 11) which do not appear to extend for any considerable
distance. At very frequent intervals on this subcuticular thallus the cells
elongate vertically producing a very low tubercle, usually only 5 to 8 cells
in diameter and about 7y high, which is conidia-bearing (Fig. 13). Often
also the tubercle becomes somewhat higher, 184, by elongation of its
component conidiophores (Fig. 13). The conidia in short chains are shown
in Fig. 14. The 1-septate conidia are comparatively rare and may occur
anywhere in a chain, either terminal or intercalary. The perithecia are
borne on low tubercles quite like those that bear the conidia.

The perithecium, without ostiole, appears Perisporiaceous. The
subcuticular stroma in section is of distinctly Dothideaceous aspect,
but relationship with the Dothids is not borne out by any other characters,
and indeed is denied by the free superficial perithecia. The subcuticular,
thin stroma, composed of bands of parallel mycelium (Figs. 6, 8, 11)
reminds one strongly of the subcuticular mycelium of Actinonema rosea,
also to some extent of Fusicladium. In the Perisporiaceae as given by
Lindau® this fungus would fall close to Parodiella. In the key of Theissen
and Sydow it would fall close to Alina but is quite distinct from it in

2 Det. Standley.

13 Engler and Prantl, Die Naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien, T. 1., Ab. 1:333, 1897.
M4 Ann. Myc., 15:459, 1917,

16 ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS [168

being without hairs, in the color of the spores, in the nature of the sub-
epidermal subiculum and its conidia. Parodiella is excluded from the
Perisporiaceae by Theissen and Sydow as belonging to the Pseudo-
sphaeriaceae which are characterized by locules with solitary asci, or by
asci separated by a pseudoparenchyma. Our fungus does not possess this
character but does have the asci separated by paraphyses. Arnaud'§ sets
up the tribe Parodiellinees, in the family Parodiellinacees, characterized
by a unilocular stroma and by the absence of external mycelium. In this
family our species is most nearly related to Parodiellina P. Henn. The
differences from this are however very marked, particularly in the thin
subcuticular stroma.

The subcuticular stroma, reminding one strongly of the Trabutineae,
but bearing conidia profusely; the resemblance to Actinonema when
viewed from above; the general aspect of Parodiella and its kin; the
Perisporiaceous perithecium all present a series of anomalous characters
which render it difficult to assign to this fungus a definite position in
present systems of classification.

TONDUZIA Stevens n. gen.
Perisporiaceous, superficial, non-hyphopodiate, perithecium and myce-
lium non-setose. Spores filiform; no paraphyses. Named in honor of Sr.
Adolfo Tonduz.

12. TONDUZIA PSYCHOTRIAE Stevens n. sp.

[Figures 16, 17a, 17b]

Fungus superficial, hypophyllous, black, colonies subcircular, about
1 cm. in diameter. Mycelium brown, non-hyphopodiate, smooth. Peri-
thecia up to 140u in diameter, subglobose, black, rough. Asci linear,
cylindrical, obtuse, 47 to 72 x 7y, short stipitate, aparaphysate. Spores
filiform, hyaline, 46 to 65 x 1.7y, obtuse, several septate, guttulate.

On Psychotria brachiata.”

Costa Rica: Columbiana, July 19, 1923, 570.

This fungus is clearly Perisporiaceous and is remarkable chiefly for

its filiform spores, which are exceedingly rare in this family.

DIMERIELLA Speg.
Fungi aliquot Paulistani, in Revista del Museo de La Plata, 15:1908.

13. DIMERIELLA OLYRAE Stev.

Trans. Ill. Acad. Sci., 10:167, 1917.
On Olyra latifolia.
% Theissen F. and Sydow. H. Vorentwurfe zu den Pseudosphaeriales. Ann. Myc., 16:6,

1918.
16 Arnaud G. Les Asterinees, Ann. d. Epiphyties., 7:45. 1921.

169] FUNGI FROM COSTA RICA AND PANAMA—STEVENS 17

Panama: Alehjuela, August 18, 1923, 1121.
Costa Rica: Peralta, July 11, 1923, 315.

CHAETOSTIGME Syd.
Ann. Myc., 15:199, 1917.

14. CHAETOSTIGME CORDIAE (P. Henn.) n. comb.
[Figure 18]

The genus Chaetostigme described as above cited appears to be valid
and desirable to receive the paraphysate forms previously placed in
the genus Dimeriella Speg., though Theissen and Sydow do not recognize
this genus in their Synoptische Tafeln.

Dimerosporium cordiae P. Henn. Fungi S. Paulenses IV. in Hedw.,
48:4, 1908.

Dimeriella cordiae (P. Henn.) Theiss. Zur Revision der Gattung
Dimerosporium in Bot. Cent. Beihefte, 29:67, 1912.

On Cordia interrupta.'®

Costa Rica: Port Limon, August 11, 1923, 901, 902.

On Cordia corymbosa.\8

Costa Rica: Peralta, July 11, 1923, 316, 324.
On Cordia sp.
Costa Rica: Guapiles, July 20, 1923, 561.

This species was selected by Theissen and Sydow to be the type of the
genus Dimeriella Speg., a procedure which if followed would make Dime-
riella paraphysate, since D. cordiae is paraphysate. However, since
Spegazzini describes Dimeriella hirtula, and that species alone, in connec-
tion with his generic description,'® D. hirtula and not D. cordiae is the type
of the genus Dimeriella; and since D. hirtula is aparaphysate the genus
Dimeriella is aparaphysate. Dimerosporium cordiae P. Henn. therefore
becomes C. cordiae as indicated above.

15. CHAETOSTIGME ERIGERONICOLA (Stev.) n. comb.?°

Dimeriella erigeronicola Stev. Trans. Ill. Acad. Sc., 10:166, 1917.
On Erigeron sp.
Costa Rica: Peralta, July 13, 1923, 448; Los Mercedes, July 17,
1923, 488.

DIMERIELLOPSIS Stevens n. gen.

Fungus superficial; mycelium not dematioid, not gelatinous, non-
hyphopodiate. Perithecia setose, spores 3-celled, hyaline.

7 Det. Standley.

18 Det. Standley.

19 Fung. aliquot Paulistani p. 12 in Revista del Museo de La Plata, 15, 1908.

20 This, according to Sydow (Ann. Mycol., 24:335, 1926), is of the Pseudosphaeriaceae
and he regards it as belonging to the genus Lasiostemma.

18 ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS [170

16. DIMERIELLOPSIS COSTARICENSIS Stevens Nn. sp.

[Figures 19, 99]

Mycelium superficial, straw colored, very thin (1u), not dematioid
nor gelatinous. Perithecia superficial, dark brown, globose, 90 to 150u
in diameter, without ostiole, or ostiole atypical, bearing numerous setae
(70 ), long (up to 460u), 5u thick at base, translucent, straw-colored.
Asci 8-spored, inordinate. Spores hyaline, fusiform, 2-septate, 21 to 32 x6
to 7y. :

On Canavalia sp.?!

Costa Rica: Swamp Mouth, August 8, 1923, 783.

This fungus is clearly Perisporiaceous and is distinguished from
Dimeriella in the key of Theissen and Sydow by spore septation. It also
differs very strikingly from that genus in the character of its perithecial
setae. (Fig. 99.)

Numerous septate conidiophores, 100 to 200u x 3.54, bearing oblong,
straw-colored, septate conidia (55 x 3.5u or shorter) occur on many of the
colonies. These conidiophores may represent a parasite on the other
fungus or they may be genetically connected with it. The perithecial setae
arise as outgrowths of single perithecial wall cells.

HYALOMELIOLINA Stevens
Ill. Biol. Monog., 8:27, 1923.

17. HYALOMELIOLINA COSTARICENSIS Stevens n. sp.

Colonies superficial, black, circular, 3 to 10 mm. in diameter, hypophyl-
lous. Mycelium black, smooth, non-hyphopodiate, uniform in diameter,
4u, slightly crooked, very sparsely branched. Perithecia numerous, not
enveloped in mycelium, globose, black, 150-262 in diameter, slightly
rough, bearing many black, simple, septate setae, about 4y in diameter,
300 to 800 in length, mycelium-like. Asci persistent, 150 x 40u, usually
8-spored, stipitate, ovate, thick-walled. Spores inordinate, elliptical-fusoid,
dark, 47 to 54 x 17 to 18, unequally 3-septate, constricted at the central
septum. Two end cells very small and hyaline; central cells brown.

On Tetracera volubilis”

Costa Rica: Siquirres, July 31, 1923, 668 (type).

This fungus is clearly cogeneric with Hyalomeliolina guianensis Stevens*
but differs from it in that the perithecia are not buried in mycelium but
are in very sparce mycelium. The mycelium is not ropy as in the other
species. The asci and spores are also somewhat larger. These two species

1 Det. Standley.

2 Det. Standley.

3 Stevens, F. L., Parasitic Fungi from British Guiana and Trinidad. Il. Biol. Monog.
8:No. 3, 1923.

171) FUNGI FROM COSTA RICA AND PANAMA—STEVENS 19

are sufficiently different from Meliolina to warrant making for them a
separate genus.

DIMERINA Theissen
Beihefte Bot. Cent., Ab. 2., 29:46, 1912.

18. DIMERINA DODONAEAE Stevens n. sp.
[Figures 20, 100]

Fungus superficial, hypophyllous. Perithecia globose, about 45 in
diameter, smooth, yellow to black, very numerous in groups. Asci 8-spored,
globose to ovate or clavate, 22 to 30 x 11 to 14u. Paraphyses none. Spores
hyaline, oblong, 14 to 3u, 1-septate, rarely 2-septate.

On Dodonaea viscosa*

Costa Rica: Swamp Mouth, August 8, 1923, 780.

Of the sixteen species given by Theissen only three agree reasonably
in spore and perithecium size with ours, viz. D. galactis (E. & E.) Th.,
D. negeriana (P. Henn.) Th., and D. minutissimum (V. Hohn) Th. The
first of these disagrees in the possession of yellow spores; the second in
spore shape and widely distinct host; the third in location on leaf, shape of
perithecium and spores.

Paropiopsis Maub.
Bull. Soc. Myc., France, 31:3, 1915.

19. PARODIOPSIS INGARUM (P. Henn.) Arn.

On Inga sp.
Panama: Chagres River 2~3 mi. from mouth, August 23, 1923, 1275.

PARODIELLA Speg.
Fungi Arg. Pug., I. 178.

20. PARODIELLA PERISPORIOIDES (Berk. and Curt.) Speg.
Fungi Arg. Pug., 1, 178, 1880."
On Stylosanthes sp.
Costa Rica: Peralta, July 12, 1923, 345.

PERISPORINA P. Henn.
Hedw., 43: 357, 1904.

21. PERISPORINA DENTRITICA Stevens n. sp.
[Figures 21-23]
Spot subcircular, pale, indefinite, 2 to 5 cm. in diameter, visible from
both leaf surfaces, mycelium hypophyllous, straw colored, cells long,

% Det. Standley.
% This is regarded by Sydow as Hypoplegma viridescens (Rehm) Th. & Syd.

20 ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS {172

cylindrical, minutely echinulate. Perithecia globose, superficial, black,
slightly rough by conical prominences about 7u high, 155 to 215y in
diameter, non-ostiolate. Asci 145 x 44, ovate, thick walled, thickened at
apex. Paraphyses none. Spores 61 x 14y, oblong, tapering from the
middle, 3-septate, hyaline, rounded at apex, truncate at base. Mycelial
setae dendritically, intricately branched.

On Inga sp.

Costa Rica: Experiencia Farm, July 18, 1923, 5/7.

This fungus in its superficial mycelium and perithecia has the habit
of a Parodiopsis, but is striking for the large diseased spot that it produces,
also for its tan colored mycelium merging to hyaline in the outer, younger
parts of the colony. The setae arise directly from the echinulate mycelial
cells. They may be absent from large portions of a colony or present in
great abundance, especially in the older portions. I venture to place this
fungus in this genus, though the only spores seen were hyaline, due to its
obvious, close relationship to P. manaosensis.

Several other species of fungi were present in abundance in the colonies,
evidently parasitic upon the Perisporina.

PERISPORIUM Fr.
Syst. Myc., 3:248.

22. PERISPORIUM BROMELIAE Stev.
Ill. Trans. State Acad. Science, 10:162.

On Bromelia pinguin.
Costa Rica: Asarri, June 26, 1923, 132.

CAPNODIACEAE
CERATOCHAETOPSIS Stevens and Weedon n. gen.

Capnodiaceous, perithecium globose, sessile, mycelium and perithecium
superficial, gelatinous, mycelium without setae, perithecium setose,
spores 2-celled, hyaline.

23. CERATOCHAETOPSIS COSTARICENSIS Stevens and Weedon n. sp.

Mycelium epiphyllous, superficial, yellow, translucent, not beaded,
very thin, gelatinous, forming a loose network. Perithecia globose, solitary,
98 to 138 in diameter, yellow to brown, darker than the mycelium.
Perithecial setae 42 to 91 x 7 to 10y, curved, pale yellowish green when
young, brown when old, slightly pointed to rounded at tip, usually 8 to 12
in number. Asci 21 to 38 x 7 to 10u, 8-spored. Spores 14 to 21 x 2.4 to
3u, 1-septate, hyaline, many guttulate, fusiform, sometimes slightly
curved, ends rounded.

On Myrcia costaricensis.*®

Costa Rica: La Palma, July 8, 1923, 908.

% Det. Standley.

173] FUNGI FROM COSTA RICA AND PANAMA—STEVENS 21

This fungus is clearly Perisporiaceous and falls, according to the key of
Theissen and Sydow, next to the genus Ceratochaete from which it differs
in the possession of no mycelial setae. It is found as barely visible reddish
or yellowish groups of perithecia on the surface of the host leaves.

HYPOCREALES
BALANSIA Speg.
Fung. Guar. Pug., 1 n. 253, 1883.

24. BALANSIA DISCOIDEA P. Henn.?’
Hedw., 39:(77), 1900.
On Panicum haenkeanum.®
Costa Rica: Siquirres, July 31, 1923, 694.

DorHICcHLOE Atkinson
Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 21:223, 1894.

25. DOTHICHLOE ATRAMENTOSA (B. & C.) Atk.??
Jour. Myc., 11:259, 1905.
Hypocrea atramentosa B. & C., Jour. Linn. Soc., 10:377, 1869.
Hypocrella atramentosa Sacc., Mich., 1, 323, 1878.
On Sporobolus berteroanus*®

Costa Rica: San José, June 20, 10, June 21, 17, June 24, J/1,;
Desamparados, June 27, 151; Escasa, June 29, 157.

SPHAEROSTILBE Tul.
Carpol., 3:103.

26. SPHAEROSTILBE COCCOPHILA Tul.*!

Carpol., 3:105.
On Citrus aurantium, Orange.
Costa Rica: Columbiana, 500.

DOTHIDEALES

Key to genera included herein

SCROMMa era Ciall paeetwmns clegercts ea crcnte Sens emery tcte tos Polystomellaceae p. 23
Nocules#linea rion grass qerrc tenia e etutieee «eee Cocconia p. 23
Locules circular, no free mycelium..........Polystomella p. 23

Locules in a superficial, strap-shaped stroma. . Rheumatopeltis p. 24

27 Det. W. W. Diehl.

28 Det. Mrs. Agnes Chase.

29 Determined by W. W. Diehl.

30 Host determined by Mrs. Agnes Chase.
31 Det. Seaver.

22 ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS [174

Stroma not radial
Stroma dothideoid, superficial or erumpent ...Dothideaceae p. 25

Stroma superficial, centrally fastened...... Coccoideae p. 25
Stroma fertile throughout............
Spores: t=celledte a. wecctec ce seine
Spores needle-formed.............. Schweinitziella p. 25
Spores filiformsh:. ase. sce-ecse ee Scolecoccoidea p. 26
Spores elliptical, hyaline, paraphys-
AtOtminn ava nie vases oe cee ne Coccostromopsis p. 27
Stromaverumpentjosessassae cs ewee se ee Dothideae p. 27
Spores 1-celled, hyaline, perithecia not
beaked. cnt. oycsmeiee se sees: Bagnisiopsis p. 27
Spores 1-celled, hyaline, perithecium
beaked 2.6.5 «te gies eee eniee crate Hyperus p. 27
Spores 1-celled, brown.............. Dothidina p. 28
Spores 2-celled, brown, paraphysate. ..Achorella p. 29
Stroma remaining covered................. Phyllachoraceae p. 3
Stroma between cuticle and epidermis..... Trabutiineae
Spores 1-celled, hyaline
Parapny sate steiner ovstsuy reiatster teres Trabutia p. 30
IAparapDySaters sarees sere cise <ccretiers Hypostigma p. 31
Spores equally 2-celled, hyaline, apara-
DV SATE Aevencrtesteretelercseket iekars aeiierener srs Euryachora p. 31
Stroma between epidermis and palisade....Schirrhiineae p. 31
Stroma not linear, spores 1-celled, hyaline.
unappendaged, paraphysate.......... Catacouma p. 31
Stroma linear, spores unequally 2-celled,
hyaline, paraphysate: ....2-2..0..5%. Apiospora p. 32
Stroma in the mesophyll................. Phyllachorineae p. 33

Spores 1-celled
Spores hyaline

Paraphysdtece: sees tee ere Phyllachora p. 33
Aparaphysatecsss -neecem ess Phyllachorella p. 41
Spores brown, paraphysate....... Sphaerodothis p. 42
Spores equally 2-celled, brown, para-
PHYSACE: Me sires erg le ree ere es Phaeodothis p. 43
Spores 4-celled, hyaline, aparaphy-
SACE cioi irae cise ays alert asim suieiere os Phragmocarpella p. 44
Spores filiform ig s6 os sine. ccecns e simssies Ophiodothella p. 44
Loculi isolated, perithecium-like...............Montagnellaceae p. 45

Spores 1-celled, hyaline, paraphysate. . Haplothecium pp. 45
Conidia only. Gee ee ee eae Pycnidiostroma p. 45

175] FUNGI FROM COSTA RICA AND PANAMA—STEVENS 23

POLYSTOMELLACEAE
CoccontA Sacc.
Syll. Fung., 8:738, 1889.

27. CoccONIA PALMAE Stevens nN. sp.
[Figure 24]

- Fungus chiefly epiphyllous, black, 1 to 3 mm. across, opposite side of
leaf usually showing a discolored spot, sometimes with stromata on both
leaf surfaces. Superficial stromata radiate, bearing several linear perithecia
that are very irregularly, concentrically arranged. Hypostroma extending
deep into the mesophyll, attached to the superficial parts at several points.
Locules globose or somewhat flattened, 150 to 170 x 60 to 80u. Asci 8-
spored. Paraphyses filiform. Spores dark, equally 2-celled, oblong, con-
stricted, 14 x 3y.

On palm.

Costa Rica: Peralta, July 13, 1923, 432.

The loculiferous stroma occurs either as the superficial stroma or on
the erumpent stroma. The circular arrangement of the perithecia is so
irregular that the suggestion of this as a character is questionable.

This fungus is of special interest as a form showing the characters of the
Microthyriaceae in the radiations of the superficial stroma, and of the
Dothideales in possessing globose locules in a stroma.

POLYSTOMELLA Speg.
F. Guaran. 2:51, No. 137, 1888.

28. PoLYSTOMELLA COSTARICENSIS Stevens Nn. sp.
[Figures 25, 26, 101, 102]

Stromata superficial, amphigenous, 230 to 245y thick, 1000 to 1600p
broad, circular, edge rising abruptly from the leaf surface. Surface when
young marked by concentric furrows, when older also by radial fissures;
color dull black. Stroma bordered on sides and top by a black rind about
15 thick, composed of pseudoparenchyma. Context of pale thin-walled
pseudoparenchyma which further toward the center becomes hyaline and
gelatinous, filamentous. Hypostroma consisting of thick, dark mycelium
filling certain of the epidermal cells. Locules numerous, ovate, about
90 to 110 wide, 150 to 170u deep, without definite boundary. Interlocular
tissue composed of gelatinous filaments much resembling the paraphyses.
Asci numerous, 8-spored, cylindrical, with a long, crooked stipe, 100 x 184
or larger. Spores oblong, hyaline, 2-celled, slightly constricted, obtuse,
18 to 19x 5 to 7u. Paraphyses filiform, gelatinous. Conidial cavities oval
to cylindrical or irregular, sometimes reaching from the base to the top
of a stroma occur. Conidia very minute, about 1p in diameter, oval,
hyaline, continuous, borne on the tips of filiform conidiophores.

24 ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS [176

On Struthanthus sp.

Costa Rica: El Alto, July 6, 1923, 255 (type); Cartago, June 23,
1923, 97.

The covering layer is radiate, though on account of the dense color
and hardness it is only with difficulty that this character is observable.
Fragmentation of the covering layer occurs at the apices of the locules
affording means of spore escape without the development of actual ostioles.
The stroma is not anchored to the epidermal cells throughout its base but
often only near the edge, leaving the central part without attachment.

This fungus agrees well with Polystomella as described. Prominent
characters are the surface markings of the stromata, concentric and radial
cracking and the peculiar gelatinous hyphal structure between the locules.
The surface view shows distinct radiation, so characteristic of the Micro-
thriaceae while the stroma in vertical section, near its edge, is distinctly
dothideoid, as are also the locules, in that they are without definite walls.
The interlocular context differs markedly from the Dothideales. Showing
affinities with both the Dothideales and the Microthyriaceae, yet differ-
ences from each of them the fungus is of special interest.

The present species differs from P. crassa in the shape of the stroma,
location of the conidial locules; from P. pulcherrima because the asci are
larger, also because there is great difference in the mode of occupation of
the epidermis (c.f. Fig. 26 with T. VI Fig. IT Ann. Myc., 12); from P.
salvadorae in shape of locules; from P. granulosa in character of hypostroma;
from P. pulchella in shape of stromata and size of spore; conidial loculi are
mentioned in connection with P. crassa (Rehm) Theiss. but no description
of the conidia is given. The cells described as conidia nere are very small
and perhaps functionless.

RHEUMATOPELTIS Stevens n. gen.

Plant body composed of a superficial, strap-shaped mycelial thallus
bearing locules in dothideoid stromata. Asci 8-spored, paraphysate, spores
falcate, continuous, fuscous. Name from petya stream.

29, RHEUMATOPELTIS QUERCI Stevens n. sp.
[Figures 27-31, 103, 104]

Superficial thallus epiphyllous, strap-shaped, composed of parallel
threads, radiating at the ends and somewhat at the sides of the bands.
Stromata dothideoid. Locules 185 to 2154 broad, 80y deep, usually solitary
in each loculiferous region of the stroma, ostiolate. Asci 8-spored, ovate,
thin walled, 47 x 14 to 18u, basally borne. Paraphyses filiform, gelatinous,
crooked, long, slender, many. Spores 1-celled, fuscous when mature,
straight, or falcate, acute at each end, 18 to 29 x 3 to 4u.

177] FUNGI FROM COSTA RICA AND PANAMA—STEVENS 25

On Quercus eugenifolia.?

Costa Rica: Cartago, June 23, 1923, 68.

The thallus is composed of anastomosing, strap-shaped bands, each
about 150 broad, the whole colony occupying an area a centimeter or
more in diameter. In section the straps are seen to be superficial and
several (3 to 4) cells in thickness. At frequent intervals the thallus develops
into thickened regions which are genuine stromata of typical dothideoid
structure (Fig. 28). The epidermal cells below the thallus are usually filled
with mycelium. The floor of the locule is thin, dark, and in structure
generally like the extra-loculiferous bands.

This fungus, in the structure of the stroma, is strictly Dothideaceous
and possessing a radiating superficial mycelium would appear to fall
within the Polystomellaceae. The strap-shaped bands of the thallus
remind one strikingly of the Trichopeltaceae but the cell structure is quite
different from that found in that family, in that cell plates, one cell in
thickness, are not formed but the thallus is clearly mycelial in character
though assuming the form of bands. The fungus as regards the characters
given in the keys appears to fall nearest to Ellisiodothis from which it is
separated by its fuscous spores. Its thallus body is however very distinct
from that fungus.

DOTHIDEACEAE
COCCOIDEAE

SCHWEINITZIELLA Speg.
F. Guaran., 2: no. 119, 1888.

30. SCHWEINITZIELLA PALMIGENA Stevens N. sp.

[Figures 32, 33]

Spot small, consisting only of a very narrow, yellowish, translucent
zone surrounding the stromata, subglobose, visible from below also as
darkened areas. Stromata black, superficial, rough, small, (1 mm. in
diameter, about 0.2 to 0.6 mm. high), epiphyllous, centrally fastened to
the leaf by a foot that is of pseudo-palisade structure. Hypostroma com-
pletely occupying the epidermal cells with a dark mycelium, eventually
similarly occupying all cells below the stroma. Stroma bordered by a dark
tind, 18 to 36u thick. Interior of stroma hyaline, cells thin-walled, gela-
tinous. Locules in young stromata regularly disposed midway between the
cortex and foot, in old stromata irregularly arranged, globose, subglobose,
flattened or irregular, 77 to 185 in diameter, bounded by a thin wall of
very slightly darkened cells. Ostioles well developed. Asci clavate, 43 to
61 x 7 to 11, short stipitate, 8-spored. Spores hyaline, slender, crescent-

® Det. Wm. Trelease.

26 ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS [178

shaped, acute at each end, continuous, 36 to 47 x 3u. Paraphyses filiform,
very thin, gelatinous.

On Chamaedorea sp.¥

Costa Rica: Peralta, July 13, 1923, 417, accompanied also by
Coccostromopsis palmigena.

The stroma structure here is exceptionally interesting. The foot of the
stroma shows a faint, barely perceptible, palisade arrangement. As the
central region of the stroma is approached the palisade arrangement is
lost and the cells become more and more pale and more gelatinous.

This fungus is clearly related to the Dothideales as is evidenced by its
general aspect, the character of the hypostroma and the central fastening
of the stromata to the leaf and particularly the evident, though not too-well
marked prosenchymatic, palisade cell arrangement in the stipe of the
stroma. It differs from the typical Dothid in that there is a faint wall
within the stroma and surrounding the locules. This wall is however no
more pronounced than is that found in many Dothids. A second point of
deviation from the Dothids is in the cell structure of the stroma, a large
portion of the more central region of the stroma being composed of hyaline,
gelatinous, tangled filaments such as I have seen in no other Dothid and
which have lost all semblance of palisade arrangement. This makes this
species stand out as quite exceptional. It clearly belongs to the Coccoideae
of the Dothideaceae, close to Schweinitziella and Coccostroma. From the
latter of these it is excluded by the possession of paraphyses. The stroma
type is clearly very different from that of Schweinitziella and probably
warrants placing it in a new genus but I am at present reporting it under
the above name.

The central fastening of the epistroma by a cylindrical foot reminds
one strongly of the structure found in Bagnisiopsis and in the Coccoideae,
but the foot differs from those usually seen in that it is pale, brown to
hyaline, in portions and that it is not of characteristic dothideoid structure.
While it gives suggestions of palisade arrangement in places it also is very
irregularly organized elsewhere. It clearly belongs in the Dothideaceae
either in the Coccoideae or the Dothideae of which it shows closer kinship
with the former. In neither of these groups are genera with filiform spores.

SCOLECOCCOIDEA Stevens n. gen.
Fungus of the Coccoideae, stroma loculiferous throughout, spores
filiform.
31. SCOLECOCCOIDEA COSTARICENSIS Stevens n. sp.
[Figure 34]
Spot none or merely consisting of a slight yellowing of the leavés around
the stromata. Stroma hypophyllous, punctiform (0.5 mm.), black, showing

3 Det. O. F. Cook.

179] FUNGI FROM COSTA RICA AND PANAMA—STEVENS zi

on the surface contours of numerous (30 to 40) perithecia, centrally
fastened. Hypostoma consisting of a foot about 180y in diameter extending
about half way through the leaf (125), pale or brown, slightly dothideoid
in character. Epistroma about 600 to 800u in diameter, locules at one
level, separated by a thin, pale to yellow, boundary. Locules subglobose,
about 150u in diameter. Asci 8-spored, long, slender, 108 to 144 x 2u.
Paraphyses filiform. Spores filiform, extremely thin, 80 x 0.7p.
On Miconia sp.
Costa Rica: Parismina Junction, July 20, 1923, 603.

Coccostromopsis Plunkett
Ill. Biol. Monog. 8:10, 1923.

32. CoCCOSTROMOPSIS PALMIGENA Plunkett
Til. Biol. Monog., 8:10, 1923.
On Chamaedorea sp.*4
Costa Rica: Peralta, July 13, 1923, 417, accompanied by Schweinit-
stella palmigena.

DOTHIDEAE
Bacnisiopsis Theiss. and Syd.
Ann. Myc., 13:291, 1915.

33. BAGNISIOPSIS PERIBEBUYENSIS (Speg.) Theiss. and Syd.
On one of the Melastomataceae.
Costa Rica: Peralta, July 12, 1923, 379; La Palma, July 8, 1923, 277.
On Miconia sp.

Panama: Gamboa, Aug. 16, 1923, 1072 and 1096; Gatun, Aug. 24,
1923; France Field, Aug. 24, 1923, 1326; Chagres mouth Aug. 23,
1923, 1317.

Costa Rica: La Palma, July 19, 1923, 294.

HYPERUS Stevens n. gen.

Stromata hypophyllous, erumpent; hypostroma permeating the meso-
phyll. Perithecia dark walled, immersed in the stroma, ostiolate and
beaked. Asci 8-spored; spores cylindrical, hyaline, continuous. Genus
name from tzrepod, pestle.

34. HYPERUS COSTARICENSIS Stevens n. sp.
[Figures 35-40, 105]
Hypostroma extensive in the mesophyll. Stromata erumpent, brown
to yellow, rising 150 to 230u above the leaf surface, 80 to 230 thick,
usually thicker above than at the base. Locules globose or elongate, up

4 Det. O. F. Cook.

28 ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS {180

to 290u in diameter, bounded by a definite, dark wall about 30y thick.
Ostiole in a beak 150 to 200 x 46 to 60%. Asci numerous, very small,
22 x 5.5u. Spores short, cylindrical, hyaline, continuous, 5.5 x 1.5.

Conidial locules borne in stromata similar to those of the ascigerous
locules but smaller. Locules subglobose up to 180 in diameter, locular
wall less dark and definite than that of the ascigerous locules. Conidio-
phores straight, simple, about 25 x 3u. Conidia short, oblong, continuous,
3.5 to 7u.

On unknown dicotyledonous plant.

Costa Rica: Experiencia Farm, July 18, 1923, 525.

When dry, the perithecia under the low power of the microscope appear
like cups with a rod sticking upright in their centers. (Fig. 105.) This
appearance is due to the infolding of the tops of the perithecia in drying.

This fungus combines the characters of both the Dothideales and the
Sphaeriales. The prominent rostrum allies it with the Sphaeriales and
perhaps most closely with the Coryneliaceae, though it does not appear
really to belong in that family. The stroma is distinctly Dothideaceous in
character, closely resembling the Dothideae (Figs. 37, 38). The very
peculiar condition is frequently seen of isolated masses of stroma upon a
perithecium. These may occur upon the top (Fig. 38) or elsewhere. They
suggest that in earlier stages the perithecium is quite imbedded in a stroma
and that as the stroma ages it flakes off leaving these remnants.

DoruipIna Theissen and Sydow

Ann. Myc., 13:302, 1915.

35. DOTHIDINA COSTARICENSIS Stevens n. sp.
[Figures 41-43]

Spot indefinite, yellow, long and narrow, often occupying the whole
length of a leaf segment. Stromata about 1 mm. in diameter, black,
amphigenous but more common above, very numerous, usually distinct,
sometimes coalescing. At first subepidermal, later erumpent, the apex
only emerging. Structure dothideoid. Locules usually solitary, globose,
about 370u broad, 215 to 310u deep. Asci cylindrical, 8-spored, 150 x 14y.
Paraphyses filiform, crooked. Spores at first hyaline, later brown, oval,
14 to 18 x 9y, usually uniseriate, occasionally inordinate.

On Palm (Astrocaryum, Acrocomia or Bactria)

Costa Rica: El Roble, July 25, 1923, 622.

This fungus clearly belongs to the Dothideae in the Dothideaceae
rather than to the Scirrhiineae in the Phyllachoraceae, though it indicates
a transition form between these two families, in that the stroma has not
the truly palisade character of the former family but is composed of cells
more elliptical than rectangular. It also tends toward the latter family
in that the emergence of the stroma above the epidermis is very slight,
only the apex of the stroma protruding.

181] FUNGI FROM COSTA RICA AND PANAMA—STEVENS 29

The species is quite distinct in several ways, notably so in the spore
shape and size, from D. palmicola (Speg.) Theiss. and Syd. A very peculiar
condition was observed in the asci which at maturity fall into eight seg-
ments, each of which contains one spore. (Fig. 43.) Before falling apart
thus the ascus can be seen to be divided by septa, either transverse or
oblique as need be to separate the spores from each other. Study of the
asci of D. palmicola shows that in this species also the ascus falls into single-
spored segments though asci with septa were not seen. De Bary* cites
in the ascomycetes cases where the wall of the ascus forms a septum be-
tween each pair of spores though in the cases cited by him the spores fill
the separated segments while in my species the spores do not do so. A
similar condition of the asci is found also in Othiella (see page 46).

ACHORELLA Theissen and Sydow
Ann. Myc., 13:340, 1915.

36. ACHORELLA ATTALEAE Stevens N. sp.

Spot dead, 2 to 10 x 1 to 3 mm. oval to linear, black, yellow-bordered ,
hypophyllous, visible above as a yellowed discoloration. Stromata at
first poorly developed, subepidermal, later erumpent, basal portion below
the epidermis dothideoid, superficial part usually consisting of a unilocular,
globose protuberence about 300 in diameter; rough walled; ten or more
on one spot. Locule globose, about 340u in diameter. Base of the pro-
tuberence surrounded by a superficial crooked, nonhyphopodiate mycelium.

Asci 80 x 11, 8-spored. Paraphyses filiform, slender, crooked, nu-
merous; spores, yellow, 16 x 3.5u, obtuse, cylindrical, 1-septate, slightly
constricted. Small pycnidial cavities about 100 to 150y, frequently occur on
the loculiferous stroma.

On Attalea cohune.*®

Panama: Gamboa, Aug. 16, 1923, 1079.

This fungus is distinctly parasitic, causing well defined diseased spots.
The growth of superficial mycelium as well as the free perithecium-like
protuberances gives to this fungus both the characters of the Dothids
and of the Perisporiaceae though its closest relation is with the former.
This species differs essentially from A. ametableta (Rehm.) Theiss. and
Syd. from Brazil on Baccharis stems in the smaller stromata, smaller
locules, in the shape of the spores and particularly in that the perithecial
protuberances are often free on the stroma, not immersed in it as is the
case in A. ametableta.

3 Comp. Morph. and Biol. of the Fungi Mycetozoa and Bacteria, Trans. by Garnsey,
1887:96.
% Det. by P. C. Standley.

30 ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS [182

37. ACHORELLA COSTARICENSIS Stevens n. sp.
[Figures 44, 45]

Spot none. Stromata epiphyllous, black, 1 to 2 mm. in diameter,
much raised above the leaf surface, bearing numerous (10 to 30), globose
perithecia on the stroma surface. Stroma centrally fastened, foot dothide-
oid. Locules globose, about 150u in diameter. Asci 8-spored, conglobate.
Spores brown, oblong, 1-septate, 21 to 25x 10u. Paraphyses many, crooked,
filiform, gelatinous. Conidial locules irregular in shape, conidia very
minute, bacteria-like.

On Mikania sp.

Costa Rica: Cartago, Leg. Lancaster, July 24, 1923, 646 (type);
Cartago, June 23, 1923, 57.

The hypostroma is quite remarkable in that it is made up of a coarse
mycelium, hyaline when young but dark when old, that appears to be
strictly if not entirely intercellular in character. The leaf, in the occupied -
region, is deformed to nearly three times its normal thickness. The stromata
develop first in the mesophyll but soon become erumpent. This fungus
rather closely resembles A. guianensis on the same genus of host, from
British Guiana,?’ but is distinguished from it by the difference in the
shape, size and constriction of the spores.

PHYLLACHORACEAE
TRABUTIINEAE
TRABUTIA Sacc. and Roum. emend Theiss. and Syd.
Rev. Myc., 3:27, 1881.

38. TRABUTIA XYLOSMAE Stevens Nn. sp.
[Figures 46, 106]

Stromata subcuticular, strictly epiphyllous, showing only from above,
black, shining, raised, circular to irregular in shape, varying from minute
(44 mm.) to 5 mm. in diameter. Thickly scattered over the leaf. Epidermal
clypeus dense, black. Subepidermal stroma more loose. Ascigerous locules
about 260 to 500u wide, 110 to 370u deep, several in a stroma. Paraphyses
filiform, crooked. Asci 8-spored, 144 x 18u. Spores 1-celled, globose when
young, globose to oval when mature, 9u in diameter to 9 x 11 to 16y, usually
uniseriate. Conidia filiform, about 18u long, in cavities about 180u wide
or by coalescence much wider, and 70u deep, borne on filiform conidio-
phores.

On Xylosma salzmanni.*®

Costa Rica: El Alto, July 6, 1923, 243 (type); Cartago, July 2,
1923, 186.
37 Stevens, F. L. Parasitic Fungi from British Guiana and Trinidad. Ill. Biol. Monog.,

1924.
588 Det. Standley.

183] FUNGI FROM COSTA RICA AND PANAMA—STEVENS 31

On Myroxylon ellipticum.*®
Costa Rica: La Palma, July 8, 1923, 276.

HyposticmMa Sydow
Ann. Mycol., 23:337, 1925.

39. HyPOSTIGMA POLYADELPHA Sydow
Ann. Mycol., 23:337, 1925.
On Buettneria aculeata.*®
Costa Rica: San Cecelia, Aug. 7, 1923, 748. Panama, Brazos Brook
reservoir, Sept. 22, 1924, 736.

The fungus is quite unique in that the hyaline mycelium extends from
stroma to stroma under the cuticle, usually one layer thick (Fig. 47),
sometimes two layers (Fig. 47). Frequently it also extends downward
between the epidermal cells (Fig. 52) and penetrates these cells, developing
within rather extensive haustoria. The loculiferous mycelium always
turns dark at the base of the locule; is flat and one cell thick, composed of
cells that are approximately isodiametric. (Figs. 49, 51.) Over this floor
is the arched covering (Fig. 50) which is also of isodiametric cells con-
siderably darker than those of the base. The base extends outward at the
margin in irregular projections, 3 to 7 long, but neither the base or the
covering in any of its parts gives any indication of radiate structure. In
age the whole covering of the locule breaks away leaving only the floor
with a margin showing the attachment of the covering (Fig. 51). The
position of this fungus is somewhat doubtful. In general character it
resembles the Trabutiineae, near Trabutiella, but the stroma is so slightly
developed that it is questionable whether any stroma should be recognized.
The subcuticular development as well as the general appearance also
suggest the Stigmataceae, but this fungus lacks entirely the radiate
structure requisite to membership in that family. It is placed by Sydow
in the Sphaeriaceae.

EurYACHOoRA Fuckel
Symb. Myc., 220, 1869.

40. EURYACHORA sp. ind.

On Unknown dicotyledonous plant.
Costa Rica: La Palma, July 8, 1923, 274; El Alto, July 6, 1923, 252.

SCIRRHIINEAE
Catacouma Theissen and Sydow
Ann. Myc., 12:280, 1914.

89 Det. Maxon.
40 Det. Standley.

32 ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS {184

41. CATACOUMA COSTARICENS Stevens n. sp.
[Figure 108]

Spot irregular, slightly exceeding the stroma as a pale zone, yellow
below. Stroma epiphyllous, subcuticular, black, flat or slightly raised,
irregular in outline, 1 to 5 mm. across, about 100, thick, filling the epidermis
with an opaque, black layer about 11 to 18 thick. The upper portion of
the palisade layer is occupied by a similar layer. The part between these
two layers is more thin-walled and less dark. Ascigerous locules 42 to
56x70 to 141u or 78 x 36u, located in the central layer of the stroma.
Asci 4-8 spored, 21 to 38 x 7 to 10u. Paraphyses filiform, gelatinous.
Spores 14x2 to 3y, hyaline, continuous, fusiform. Conidial locules 42 to
56 x 70 to 1414 or 78 to 436y, located in the central layer of the stroma.
Conidia 5 to 7 x 1.2 to 1.74. Conidiophores rod-shaped, simple, several
times the length of the conidia.

On Myrcia costaricenses.*!

Costa Rica: La Palma, July 8, 1923, 287.

This fungus differs essentially from all species of Catacouma described

on the Myrtaceae. The conidial cavities are of especial interest.

42. CATACOUMA ZANTHOXYLI Stevens n. sp.
[Figures 53, 54, 109, 110]

Spot subcircular, showing below as an indefinite, pale area. Stromata
epiphyllous, black, punctiform, slightly raised, very many in each spot,
the old ones toward the center, the younger toward the margin. Old
stromata in the center of a spot are often denuded. Stromata develop in
the epidermis and above the palisade. Epidermal clypeus black, about
30u thick, up to 540u across. Locules usually solitary, occasionally more
than one, the locules then separated by dothideoid tissue, lenticular, up to
460u wide, 215y thick, floor hyaline. Asci basal, 8-spored. Spores hyaline,
1-celled, ovate, 14 to 15u x 8 to 9u, rounded at one end, pointed at the
other. Paraphyses many, thin. Conidial locules also present, smaller
than the ascigerous and bearing bacillar conidia.

On Zanthoxylon sp.”

Panama: Chagres, 3 miles from mouth, Aug. 23, 1923, 1290.

APIOSPORA Sacc.
Comp. gen. Pyren., 9, 1875.

43. APIOSPORA STRIOLA (Pass.) Sacc.
On Bamboo (Chusquea pittiert ?).
Panama: Tapia, Aug. 15, 1923, 1019.

“ Det. Standley.
# Det. Standley.

185] FUNGI FROM COSTA RICA AND PANAMA—STEVENS 33

The spores are very variable in size and it is really difficult to say
which of the three species described on bamboo is here represented. It
agrees, however, well with the one above named.

PHYLLACHORINEAE

PHYLLACHORA Nits.
Fuck. Symb. Myc., 216, 1869.

44, PHYLLACHORA AMBROSIAE (B. & C.) Sace.

Syll. Fung., 2, 601.

[Figures 55, 56]

Spot brown, irregular, dead, definitely bordered, 0.5 to 2 cm. in di-
ameter, bounded by a narrow yellow zone. Stromata barely visible above,
but prominent below as rounded, black protuberances. Locules solitary
in each stroma, but stromata occasionally contiguous, globose, 150 to
250u in diameter, ostiolate, asci basal, lower clypeus about 25y thick,
locular wall about 11y thick. Stroma of the mesophyll loose, brown. Asci
8-spored, 90 to 110 x 114. Spores uniseriate or inordinate, globose or short
cylindrical, 11 to 14 x 7 to 11, hyaline, 1-celled. Paraphyses filiform,
long, crooked.

On Podachaenium eminens.®

Costa Rica: Peralta, July 13, 1923, 467.

The stroma in the upper leaf surface occasionally develops to fill the
region between the epidermis and the locule, thus emphasizing the Dothid
relationship.

45. PHYLLACHORA ANTHEPHORAE Syd.
Ann. Myc., 13:39, 1915.
On Anthephora hermaphrodita.
Costa Rica: Swamp Mouth, Aug. 8, 1923, 774.
This specimen appears to agree in all particulars with the description
by Sydow drawn from the type collected in Jamaica.

46. PHYLLACHORA CASIMIROAE Stevens and King n. sp.
[Figures 57, 58, 111]

Stromata extending through the leaf. Clypei epidermal, black, irregu-
lar, confluent with stroma; on the upper surface slightly raised, shiny
and frequently minutely pimpled; on lower surface prominent, lustrous,
but sometimes appearing hairy because of adhering trichomes, bearing one
to several broadly conical projections at the apices of which the ostioles
form; diameter 3 mm. or more below, smaller above; thickness 20 to 40x.

® Det. Standley.
“ Det. Chase.

34 ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS [186

Ostiole about 80u across. Locules solitary or several (1 to 12), typically
oval, 520u wide, 400u deep, asci and paraphyses numerous and covering
all of interior except near the ostiole; lined by a layer of hyaline mycelium
which is covered by and structurally continuous with a dark mycelial
layer. Asci nearly cylindrical, hyaline, thin walled, 4 to 8 spored (usually
8), apex somewhat truncate, 16 to 21u x 144 to 1684. Paraphyses filiform,
up to 254u long, hyaline. Spores one-celled, hyaline or slightly grayish,
fusoid, 12 x 28u.

On Casimiroa tetrameria.

Costa Rica: El Alto, July 6, 1923, 233, 234.

This species of Phyllachora is unique in showing all of the generic
structural characteristics, but in addition having a dark mycelial layer
surrounding the hyaline mycelial layer from which the asci arise (Fig. 57).
There is direct organic connection between these layers, the same mycelial
strand appearing dark and dense in the one and hyaline in the other. The
large size of the stroma and abundance of frail thin-walled asci are unusual.

47, PHYLLACHORA CHAETOCHLOAE Stevens

Ill. Biol. Monogs., 8:184, 1923.
On Chaetochloa vulpiseta.®
Panama: Gamboa, Aug. 16, 1923, 1078.
On Pennisetum distachyum.”
Costa Rica: San Vincente del Coronado, June 30, 1923, 174.
On Paspalum fasciculatum.
Costa Rica: Sabrio, Aug. 8, 1923, 809.

48. PHYLLACHORA CHUSQUEAE P. Henn. and Lind.

Hedw., 36:224, 1897.
On Chusquea pittiert.
Panama: Alehjuela, Aug. 18, 1923, 1122; Juan Mina, Aug. 18,
1923, 1165.

49, PHYLLACHORA DIOCLEAE P. Henn.

Hedw., 43:252, 1904.

On Dioclea reflexa.”

Costa Rica: Port Limon, Aug. 10, 1923, 876.

This specimen agrees well with the original description given by P.
Hennings as drawn from material collected by Ule in the Amazon region.
The description given by Theissen and Sydow‘ differs somewhat from the
original description in several details, particularly as to the size of the

4 Det. Mrs. Chase.
46 Det. Standley.

47 Det. Blake.

8 lic.

187] FUNGI FROM COSTA RICA AND PANAMA—STEVENS 35

stromata and of the spores, giving the spores as markedly larger than in
the original description, (20 to 23 x 6u as against 18 to 22 x 4 to 5y).

50. PHYLLACHORA ENGLERI Speg.

Fung. Guaranit., I. no. 267.
On Anthurium aemulum.®
Costa Rica: Siquirres, July 31, 1923, 708.
On Anthurium sp.
Costa Rica: Peralta, July 12, 1923, 404; Cachi (4500 ft. alt. Leg.
C. H. Lankester) Aug. 5, 1923, 739.

51. PHYLLACHORA ICACOREAE Stevens Nn. sp.
[Figures 59, 112]

Spot none or consisting only of a slight bleaching of the tissue surround-
ing the stromata. Stromata, circular when mature, usually about 3 mm.
in diameter; above black and shining, slightly arched; below black, dull,
slightly arched. Upper and lower clypeus well developed in the epidermis,
about 18 to 25y thick, densely black. Stroma of the mesophyll poorly
developed, consisting mostly of a loose network. Locular wall well defined,
dense, brown, about 18u thick. Locules subglobose, located in the meso-
phyll, opening epiphyllous, about 170 to 230u in diameter. Paraphyses
filiform, numerous, Asci about 90 to 100 x 7u. Spores oval, oblong, 1-celled,
hyaline, 11 x 5y.

On Icacorea sp.®°

Costa Rica: Cartago, June 23, 1923, 46 (type) 72, 89.

Three species of Phyllachora are recorded by Theissen and Sydow,”
as on the Myrsinaceae. Of these P. pitiieri Theiss. and Sydow on Myrsine
has much larger spores; P. sinik-lagaraik Speg. on Myrsine, has spores only
somewhat thicker but is clearly set apart by its small stromata, each with
few locules; P. ardisiae P. Henn. on Ardisia by the shape of the stromata.

52. PHYLLACHORA JURAENSIS P. Henn. var minima Stevens n. var.

Characters as in the species except as follows: Asci 80 to 144 long.
Spores oblong, obtuse, often slightly pointed at one end, continuous,
hyaline, 14 to 18 x 3.5u.

On Brownea sp.

Panama: Tapia, Aug. 15, 1923, 1025.

The species was originally described by Hennings on Brownia sp.
from the Amazon and is also listed and described by Theissen and Sydow.
These two descriptions differ somewhat as to spore and ascus measure-
ments, but both give asci much shorter than the dimensions given above,
and both give spores much larger than those given above; 20 to 26 x 5 to
6u in Hennings; 22 to 28 x 4.5 to 5.5u by Theissen and Sydow.

49 Det. S. F. Blake.
50 Det. Standley.

36 ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS {188

53. PHYLLACHORA LACTEA Theiss. and Syd.

Ann. Myc., 13:497, 1915.

On Cassia sp.

Costa Rica: Columbiana, July 19, 1923, 568; Siquirres, Aug. 1,
1923, 724.

Among the fifty and more species of Phyllachora recorded on legumes
there are many with punctiform, unilocular stromata, and many of these
agree quite closely in spore size and in other characters.

Two species are described on Cassia. Namely P. cassiae P. Henn and
P. bakeriana P. Henn. The present species differs from both of these in
several ways. It does, however, appear to agree sufficiently well with the
above named species to warrant reporting it under that name. My own
notes on the characters shown by my specimen are as follows: spot
indefinite, irregular, poorly defined, containing numerous stromata which
are punctiform, unilocular, ostiolate, 170 to 215u broad and deep. Upper
clypeus consisting of a thickening and darkening of the upper part of the
locular border, less broad than the perithecial diameter; basal stroma
absent. Asci 97 x 18u. Paraphyses filiform. Spores oval, 14 to 18 x 7u,
hyaline.

54. PHYLLACHORA LITSEAE Koord.

Bot. Unt. ti einige in Java vorkommende Pilze 181, Verh. Kon. Akad.
Wet. Amsterdam, II Sect., Deel 13, no. 4, 1907.
On Nectandra glabrescens.®
Panama: Tapia, Aug. 15, 1923, 1017.

55. PHYLLACHORA MAYDIS Maub.

Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr., 20:72, 1904.
On Zea mays.
Panama: Gamboa, Aug. 17, 1923, 1106.

56. PHYLLACHORA MEIBOMIAE Stevens N. sp.
[Figures 60, 113]

Spot none. Stromata epiphyllous, not visible from below, black,
irregular in outline, 1 to 2 mm. in diameter, showing 1 to several ostioles.
Epidermal clypeus black, broadly extending, about 18 to 25 thick, sub-
epidermal stroma brown, dothideoid, mostly limited to the interlocular
region. Locules one to few in each stroma, 170 to 246u wide, 107 to 140u
deep, bounded by a brown wall 7 to 14y thick. Asci borne basally, 8-spored,

51 Hedw., 43:252. 1904.
52 Theissen and Sydow lI. c.
58 Det. Standley.

189] FUNGI FROM COSTA RICA AND PANAMA—STEVENS 37

64 to 90 x 10 to 14y, stipitate. Spores oblique or conglobate. Paraphyses
filiform, crooked. Spores hyaline, continuous, 18 x 3.5y.

On Meibomia sp.

Costa Rica: San Cecelia, Aug. 7, 1923, 756 (type) and 745,

The black epidermal clypeus with but scant stromatic development
below is quite characteristic. The stromata on the two specimens, which
are of two distinct species of Meibomia, are somewhat different in appear-
ance but the spore characters are the same.

57. PHYLLACHORA OCTEICOLA Stevens and Dalby
Bot. Gaz., 68:57, 1919.

PHYLLACHORA OCOTEICOLA var. COSTARICENSIS Stevens n. var.

Though resembling P. ocoteicola somewhat in stroma and spore™
this variety differs markedly in that the stromata are black and shining
above and distinctly raised and show the impression of the loculi, while
P. ocoteicola differs in all these regards, being flat and dull above. The
stromata in this variety are also less angular, more nearly circular.

On Ocotea® sp.

Costa Rica: Paralta, July 12, 1923, 390.

58. PHYLLACHORA OPLISMENI Syd.
Ann. Myc., 5:339, 1907.
On Oplismenus burmanni.*®
Costa Rica: Siquirres, Aug. 1, 1923, 728.
This appears to agree completely with the description by Sydow and
therefore with the specimen collected by Tonduz (no. 188) in Costa Rica.

59. PHYLLACHORA PANAMENSIS Stevens n. sp.

Spot indefinite, consisting of a pale or yellowish region 3 to 4 mm. wide
surrounding the stromata. Stromata numerous, scattered, somewhat
irregular in shape, 1 to 1.5 mm. in diameter, visible from both sides of
the leaf; above shining, black, slightly raised; below, slightly raised,
dull, showing the locules clearly. Upper and lower clypeus each epidermal
and about 30u thick. Upper clypeus extending slightly beyond the locules.
Stroma in the mesophyll scant, usually consisting of merely a slight,
loosely woven, mass between the locules. Locules 150 to 260u deep, 150 to
300u wide, opening epiphyllous. Asci mainly, basal. Paraphyses filiform,
numerous, crooked, asci 87 x 7y,long, narrow. Spores uniseriate or oblique,
long, oval, 14 x 6 to 7y, thickest in the middle.

4 The original description errs in the spore measurement through the omission of a deci-
mal point. The description should read 17x5.4 to 7u.

5 Det. Standley.

§6 Det. Chase.

38 ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS [190

On Rourea glabra.®"
Panama: Gamboa, Aug. 16, 1923, 1094; Juan Mina, Aug. 18,
1923, 1351.

60. PHYLLACHORA PASPALICOLA P. Henn.

Hedw., 48:106, 1908, Rehm Ascom. 1785.
On Paspalum conjugatum.
Costa Rica: Peralta, July 11, 1923, 335a; July 13, 1923, 435a;
July 13, 1923, 815a.

61. PHYLLACHORA PICRAMNIAE Stevens 0. sp.
[Figures 61, 62, 121]

Spots circular, indefinite bordered, yellow, surrounding the stromata
by a zone about 3 mm. wide. Stromata circular, raised, both surfaces
black and shining, about 3 mm. in diameter. Stromata in each epidermis
dense and black, in the mesophyll much less dense. Locules in one row,
opening epiphyllous, globose or somewhat flattened, 185 to 246y broad,
150 to 231 deep. Asci cylindrical, short stalked, 93 x 11y, spores oblique.
Paraphyses filiform, gelatinous, numerous. Spores continuous, hyaline,
21 to 25 x 5y, oblong, tapering slightly from middle to each end.

On Picramnia bonplandiana.*®

Costa Rica: Aserri, June 26, 1923, 119 (type); Desamparados,
June 27, 1923, 138.

Only one Phyllachora appears to be recorded on the Simarubaceae
and that quite different from the one above described. Phyllachora roureae
Syd. was described from the conidial stage only on Rourea erecta from the
Philippines®® and later was excluded from the genus Phyllachora by Theis-
sen and Sydow® because of the lack of description of asci and spores. It in
some respects resembles this species. Our specimens show no conidia. The
present species differs markedly in spore shape and size from P. connari Syd.
and P. connarina Rac. also on members of the Connaraceae.

On Picramnia antidesma.™

Costa Rica: El Alta, July 6, 1923, 242.

The specimens on the last named host differ markedly from those
on the other host as follows: The stromata are much less abundant, much
smaller, and are dull rather than shining. The locules are usually much
smaller, 125 to 218u broad, thus occupying much less space in the meso-
phyll. The spores on the two hosts however, measure the same. This

57 Det. Standley.

58 Det. Standley.

59 Sydow, H. & P. Enumeration of Philippine fungi, with notes and descriptions of new
species. Phil. Jour. Sc. C. Bot., 8:217, 1913.

60 Die Dothideales. Ann. Myc., 13:575, 1915.

61 Det. Standley.

191] FUNGI FROM COSTA RICA AND PANAMA—STEVENS 39

makes an interesting case of a fungus occurring on two separate hosts and
showing quite different morphology on the two. Whether this difference
is due to alteration of the fungus or to differences in the host reaction is
unknown. That the fungi on the two hosts are closely related, cospecific,
is probable from the appearance of the spores and the general structure
of a stroma.

62. PHYLLACHORA SAPINDACEARUM Stevens N. sp.

Spots yellow to brown, dead, circular, indefinite, about 5 mm. in
diameter, with one stroma at the center, visible from both sides of the
leaf. Stromata about 1 mm. in diameter, black and shining above, dull
black below. Clypei, above and below, each about 30 to 45y thick, epider-
mal, densely black. Mesostroma pale, scant. Locules 60 to 140u deep,
120 to 340u wide, surrounded by a definite dark border, few in a stroma,
usually one. Asci 8-spored, inordinate, 70 x ily, basal. Paraphyses
numerous, filiform. Spores oblong, 11 x 7y, continuous, hyaline.

On Serjania mexicana.

Panama: France Field, Aug. 24, 1923, 1327.

This differs essentially from P. duplex Rehm on Serjania from Brazil,
also from P. subrepens Speg., and P. insueta Sydow in spore shape and
size.

63. PHYLLACHORA STEVENSII Sydow n. sp.
[Fig. 115]

Spot vague, indefinite, slightly discolored, 3 to 8 mm. in diameter,
visible below as a slightly pale region. Stromata epiphyllous, black, shiny,
punctiform, 150 to 1804 in diameter, numerous in irregularly arranged
groups. Clypeus in the epidermal cells, about 15y thick, dense, extending
barely to the diameter of the locule. Stroma development at the base of
the locule limited to a small black shield, much smaller than the superior
clypeus. Locules 107 to 185y in diameter, 46 to 90u deep. Paraphyses
numerous, short and thick, 0.75 to lp. Asci 50 to 57 x7 to 18y, 8-spored.
Spores oval, hyaline to green, 8x 5u. Locule 154 to 215y broad, 140 to
185 deep.

On Meibomia sp.

Panama: Gamboa, Aug. 17, 1923, 1007 (type); Gatuncillo, Aug. 18,
1923, 1150.

The type of stroma in this fungus is much like that of P. inclusa as
described and figured by Theissen and Syd. (Ann. Myc., 13, Taf. 3. fig. 14),
and is similar also to P. calervaria (Taf. 4 fig. 5).

In specimen No. 1150 the spores are a trifle larger and the clypeus
extends somewhat further to each side of the locule. This species is much
like P. ramosii, (P. Henn.) Theiss. and Syd. but differs from it in its much
more highly developed stroma.

40 ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS [192

64. PHYLLACHORA TRAGIAE (Berk and Curt) Sacc.

Syll Fung. 2. 601.

On Croton sp.

Costa Rica: Escasu, June 29, 1923, 159.

The epidermal cells are densely crowded with dark mycelium forming
the epidermal clypeus. Below this is a thick layer of somewhat less dense
stroma, while between this and the palisade layer is another stromatic
layer that is comparatively loose and light-colored.

The conidial locules are borne in the upper, dense, dark region of the
stroma immediately below the epidermal clypeus, while the ascigerous
locules are found deeper down, below the dense layer of stroma and in
the more loose layer.

On Croton gladulosus.®

Panama: France Field, Aug. 24, 1923, 1322; Juan Diaz, Aug. 21,
1923, 1226; Tapia, Aug. 15, 1923, 1011.

The specimens on the last mentioned host differ somewhat in the shape
of the locules and the stromata; but this may well be due to the difference
in the host tissue.

65. PHYLLACHORA TROPHIS Stevens, n. sp.
[Figs. 63-65]

Spot small, circular, indefinite, consisting of a pale zone surrounding
the stromata, visible from both sides of the leaf. Stromata solitary in
each spot, about 1 mm. in diameter, black and shining above, flat or slightly
raised; below dull black. Stromatic development in the upper and lower
epidermis scant, usually only a few cells being filled with black mycelium.
A layer of black, dense stroma about 36y thick usually develops under
each epidermis, while the mesophyll layer between these two regions is
with but scant, and hyaline, mycelium. Locule in the mesophyll, flattened,
about 380y in diameter, 80 to 90u deep, bounded by a thin, hyaline border,
opening epiphyllous. Asci basal, 8-spored, 72 to 90x7 to 11u. Spores oval,
9 to 12x7 to 8y, 1-celled, hyaline. Paraphyses filiform, crooked.

On Trophis racemosa.™

Costa Rica: Cartago, June 23, 1923, 85.

This Phyllachora is remarkable chiefly for the scant epidermal stromata
with black bands of subepidermal stromata, and with a hyaline region in
the mesophyll between these. On the same leaves occurs a conidial stroma,
Dothideaceous in character, but so different in stroma from this Phylla-
chora that it is difficult to regard them as being the same. With both of
these stromata the leaf is enlarged to about twice its normal thickness.

The conidial stroma may be described as follows:

Upper clypeus weakly developed, limited to the epidermal cells, which
are but partly filled with mycelium; lower epidermal clypeus still more

62 Det. Standley.

193] FUNGI FROM COSTA RICA AND PANAMA—STEVENS 41

scant, some of the cells being devoid of mycelium. Mesophyll well packed
with a brown stroma. Locule usually solitary, opening epiphyllous.
Conidial locules opening epiphyllous, in the middle of the mesophyll,
40-180u in diameter. Conidia 1-celled, oblong, yellow, 73.5u. Conidio-
phores simple, filiform, 14 to 20u long, 3y thick.

66. PHYLLACHORA ULEI Wint.

Grevillea, 15:90, 1886.

On Dioscorea sp.

Costa Rica: Limon, Aug. 7, 1923, 772; Sabario, Aug. 8, 1923, 798;

Port Limon, Aug. 10, 1923, 875.

Panama: Panama, Aug. 14, 1923, 1003; Tapia, Aug. 15, 1923, 1006;
Gamboa, Aug. 16, 1923, 1083; Pedro Miguel, Aug. 16, 1923, 1101;
Alehjuela, Aug. 18, 1923, 1128; Gatuncillo, Aug. 18, 1923, 1144;
Frijoles, Aug. 20, 1923, 1183; Panama, Aug. 21, 1923, 1216; Juan
Diaz, Aug. 21, 1923, 1243.

67. PHYLLACHORA VISMIAE Stevens n. sp.

Spot yellow, irregular, about 3 to 5 mm. in diameter, border indefinite,
Stroma black, irregular in outline, about 2 mm. in diameter. Spot visible
only from above, stroma faintly showing below. Black epidermal clypeus
present above and below, extending far beyond the locules, development
in the mesophyll scant. Locules one to several in each stroma, 150 to
330y in diameter, 140 to 231y deep, border brown. Asci basal, long, cylindri-
cal, 112 x 11; spores uniseriate, oblique. Paraphyses filiform. Spores
oblong, 12 to 18 x 7u.

On Vismia guianensis.®
Costa Rica: Escasu, July 29, 1923, 155.

No Phyllachora has heretofore been described on any member of the
Guttiferae and the only Dothid recorded is an Endodothella on Vismia
from Costa Rica.

68. PHYLLACHORA sp. indet.

On unknown dicotyledonous plant.
Panama: Juan Diaz, Aug. 21, 1923, 1255. This specimen though
undeterminable has been considered by Blain™ on account of its
interesting morphology.

PHYLLACHORELLA Syd.

Ann. Myc., 12:489, 1914.

88 Det. Standley.
% Blain, W. L. Mycol. 29:1,20. 1927.

42 ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS [194

69, PHYLLACHORELLA SCHISTOCARPHAE Stevens N. sp.
[Figures 66, 116]

Spots indefinite, of irregular shape, pale yellow, 1-2 cm. in diameter,
visible above and below. Stromata punctiform, numerous and irregularly
grouped in the spots, black above and slightly raised. Stroma limited to
a very slight epidermal clypeus, with sometimes a scant stromatic develop-
ment between the locule and epidermis. Ostiole well developed. Locule
in the mesophyll, globular, 140 to 310 in diameter, bounding layer about
45y thick, hyaline, asci borne basally. Asci 8-spored, aparaphysate. Spores
hyaline, irregularly oval, 1-celled, 11 to 14 x 5.54, somewhat thicker in
the middle than at the ends.

On Schistocarpha ho ffmanii.©

Costa Rica: Peralta, July 13, 1923, 434, 454.

This fungus with its thin hyaline locular wall, and well defined ostiole
would doubtless by many be classified as one of the Sphaeriaceae, and
placed in the genus Laestadia. It has, however, always the rudiments of
an epidermal clypeus and quite often also a slight subepidermal stromatic
development, which appear to me to place it with those uniloculate
Phyllachoras which have but small clypei, this specimen representing an
extreme reduction. The absence of paraphyses places it in Phyllachorella
rather than Phyllachora.

SPHAERODOTHIS Shear
Mycol., 1, 162, 1909.

70. SPHAERODOTHIS CIRCUMSCRIPTA (Berk.) Theiss. and Syd.

Ann. Myc., 13:579, 1915.

On Sophoelesia sp.®

Costa Rica: Cartago, June 23, 1923, 41 and 60.

The material of this species is scant and spores few. While I find no
dark spores and ought perhaps therefore to place the fungus in Phyllachora,
still it appears to agree so well with the above named fungus that I venture
to so report it. The long, narrow, pointed spores are quite characteristic,
as is also the peculiarly limited stroma.

71. SPHAERODOTHIS SCLERIAE (Rehm) Stevens n. comb.
Phyllachora scleriae Rehm, Hedw., 39:232, 1900.
On Scleria melaleuca.™
Costa Rica: Peralta, July 13, 1923, 419, July 11, 1923, 317; Port
Limon, Aug. 10, 1923, 871.
On Sedge.
85 Det. Standley.

65 Det. Maxon.
87 Det. Standley.

195] FUNGI FROM COSTA RICA AND PANAMA—STEVENS 43

Costa Rica: Peralta, July 12, 1923, 907.

On Scleria pterota.™

Costa Rica: Port Limon, Aug. 9, 1923, 825.

The species was originally described as on “‘Scleria sps” from Brazil.
The shape of the spores—fusiform, pointed at each end with one end
slightly thicker than the other—is very characteristic; so definitely so as
to leave no doubt that the present specimens are co-specific with Phylla-
chora scleriae. The ascospores when fully mature are brown, necessitating
change in the generic name. Mature brown spores are only rarely seen.
They differ slightly from the immature spores in that they are less pointed
but the transition from the younger pointed shape to the older obtuse
form is clearly traceable in a single locule.

72. SPHAERODOTHIS SPHAEROSPERMA (Winter) Stevens and Moore n. comb.

Phyllachora sphaerosperma Winter, Hedw., 23:170, 1884; Syll. Fung.
9:1027.

On Cenchrus viridis.

Costa Rica: Peralta, Aug. 1, 1923, 736; Swamp Mouth, Aug. 8,
1923, 775.
Panama: Gamboa, Aug. 17, 1923, 1116.

This specimen agrees in every detail with the type specimen of Phylla-
chora sphaerosperma Winter, issued by Rabenhorst in ‘Fungi Europaei”’
no. 3062 except that occasional spores were found in ours which were
distinctly brown. In both however numerous spores of a smoky gray tinge
appear. Theissen and Sydow®® describe the spores as elliptical, 11 to 12
by 6.5 to 7u. In both the type and in our specimen the spores are globose
or subglobose, commonly 10y in diameter but ranging from 8 to 124. This
agrees with Rabenhorst’s description accompanying the type specimen
and with Saccardo.*® Saccardo also notes the dark spores and suggests
Auerswaldia as the genus. The occurrence of the brown spores leads to
the formation of this new combination.

PHAEODOTHIS Syd.
Ann. Myc., 2:166, 1904.

73. PHAEDOTHIS COSTARICENSIS Stevens n. sp.
[Figures 67, 68]

Spot none. Stromata scattered, strictly hypophyllous, subcircular,
about 1 mm. in diameter, developed as a dense, dark clypeus, subtended
by a more loose, less dark stroma reaching into the mesophyll, but rarely
extending to more than half way through the leaf. Locules few in each

68 Theissen and Sydow. Ann. Myc., 13:445.
69 Saccardo, Sylloge Fungorum, 9:1027.

44 ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS [196

stroma (usually 1 to 5). Asci 8-spored, long, narrow, 90 x 7u. Paraphyses
filamentous. Spores yellow, uniseriate, oval, 10 to 11 x 3 to 4y, 1-septate,
slightly constricted, pointed at each end. Conidial locules irregularly
globose or flattened, usually developed in the mesophyll, external to the
dark stroma, each locule surrounded by a delicate, hyaline wall. Conidia
very numerous, oval, yellow, 7 x 2u.

On unknown member of the Rubiaceae.

Costa Rica: Siquirres, July 31, 1923, 673.

Only eight species of this genus are given by Theissen and Sydow.

Conidia are mentioned for none. All differ essentially from our species.

PHRAGMOCARPELLA Theissen and Sydow
Ann. Myc., 13:601, 1915.
74. PHRAGMOCARPELLA PUIGGARII (Speg.) Theiss. and Syd.
Ann. Myc., 13:601, 1915.
On Oplismenus burmanni.
Costa Rica: San Cecelia, Aug. 7, 1923, 755.

OPHIODOTHELLA v. Hohn.
Fragn., 12:no. 630, 1910.

75. OPHIODOTHELLA PANAMENSIS Stevens n. sp.
[Figures 69-71]

Spots up to about 5 mm. in diameter or by coalescence larger, ir-
regularly circular, bordered by a narrow yellow line, each occupied by
one stroma. Stromata about 1 to 2 mm. in diameter, visible from both
leaf surfaces, dull black, rough. Epidermal, black clypeus present both
above and below, accompanied by the development of a dark subepidermal
stroma about 70 to 110 thick on the upper side. Major portion of the
stroma below the palisade layer, colorless, thin walled prosenchymatic,
about 230u thick and 700 to 900u in diameter, extending also to some
extent between the palisade cells and developing extensively between the
cells of the spongy parenchyma. Locules several in each stroma, located
in the hyaline stroma of the mesophyll, globose, about 230y in diameter,
developing an ostiole which becomes somewhat rostrate, opening hypo-
phyllous. Asci long, narrow, 72 x 7y, stalked, arising from all parts of
the locule border. Spores filiform, curved, 61 to 65 x 1.5u, obtuse, hyaline.
Paraphyses none.

On Cordia heterophylla.”

Panama: Panama, Aug. 21, 1923, 12/7; Juan Mina, Aug. 18, 1923,
1163.

This fungus is remarkable in several ways chiefly as follows: 1. Its

most extensive stromatic development is below the palisade layer. This

70 Det. Standley.

197] FUNGI FROM COSTA RICA AND PANAMA—STEVENS 45

character is seen in very few fungi. Logically the definite location of the
stroma below the palisade layer is just as significant as to find it definitely
subcuticular or subepidermal, characters on which Sydow and Theissen
base their Trabutiineae, Schirrhiineae and Phyllachorineae. This species
might therefore be considered as representing a fourth and coordinate
group. 2. The loculiferous stroma is pale, hyaline, yet it has the typical
palisade arrangement of cells characteristic of the Dothideaceae. This
is an extremely rare condition. It is approached in Anisochora and is
suggested by certain fungi of the Clavicipiteae related to Dothichloe.
3. The ostiolar development is much more suggestive of the Sphaeriales
than of the Dothideales, in fact, is such that the inclusion of this form in
the Dothideales is perhaps rendered questionable. 4. The occurrence of
filiform spores in the Dothideales is far from common. Theissen and Sydow
give only four genera with filiform spores. 5. This fungus shows much
similarity with Scolecodothopsis ingae, particularly in the location of the
stroma below the palisade layer, but the two differ in that the present form
possesses a highly developed stroma while S. ingae has a very poorly
developed stroma.

MONTAGNELLACEAE
HaApLoTHEcIuUM Theissen and Sydow
Ann. Myc., 13:614, 1915.

76. HAPLOTHECIUM DIOSCOREAE Stevens n. sp.
[Figure 72]

Spot circular, 2 to 5 mm. in diameter, tan-colored, visible from both
leaf surfaces, border indefinite. Stromata visible only from below, puncti-
form, dull black. Locules inordinate, subglobose, 125 to 200u in diameter,
border dark, about 15 thick. A black clypeus, 20 to 25u thick, is present
over some of the locules. Extralocular stroma hyaline, loose. Paraphyses
numerous, filiform, gelatinous. Asci 90 x 11n. Spores 14 to 18 x7 to 8u
elliptical.

On Dioscorea sp.

Costa Rica: Peralta, July 14, 1923, 475.

The asci and spores of this fungus are very similar to those of Phylla-

chora ulei, but the stroma is entirely different.

DOTHIDEALES IMPERFECTI

PYCNIDIOSTROMA Stevens n. gen.

Stroma of the Phyllachorineae; conidia hyaline, continuous, oval or
fusiform.

46 ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS [198

77. PYCNIDIOSTROMA EUGENIAE Stevens n. sp.
[Figures 73, 117, 118]

Stromata black, subcircular, extending through the leaf, 3 to 6 mm. in
diameter, margin sharply defined, raised; pycnidial locules visible from
the upper surface, disposed in one row close to the circumference of the
stroma. Upper and lower clypei limited to the epidermis, dark, mesostroma
pale, loose. Pycnidial locules lenticular, 90 to 230u broad, about 80 deep,
border hyaline, hymenium lining whole of periphery, including the top,
no ostiole. Conidiophores hyaline, filiform, simple, about 7 to 10y long.
Conidia hyaline, 1-celled, oval to fusiform, 7 x 2u.

On Eugenia oerstediana.™

Costa Rica: Cartago, July 2, 1923, 187 (type); El Alto, July 6, 1923,
224,
On Calypiranthes costaricensis.™
Costa Rica: El Alto, July 6, 1923, 237, 250.

The most characteristic features of this fungus are the circular arrange-
ment of the locules, the definite raised border of the stroma, and the loose
hyaline mesophyll.

SPHAERIALES
CUCURBITARIACEAE
OTTHIELLA Sacc.

Syll. Fung., 1:739. (as subgenus).

78. OTTHIELLA FOURCROYAE Stevens and De Coursey n. sp.
[Figures 74, 119]

Perithecia cespitose, erumpent, superficial, carbonaceous, globose,
250u in diam., without stroma. Asci cylindrical, eight-spored, stipitate,
120 to 125 x 28 to 32u, aparaphysate; spores elliptical, hyaline or slightly
tinted, 1-septate, constricted, 22 to 24x 6 to 8u.

On Fourcroya sp.

Costa Rica: El Alto, July 6, 1923, 251.

It was considered advisable to distinguish between Otthiella ribis Tracy
and Earle and this species on the basis of the wide generic separation of
the hosts and considerable difference in spore measurements, though the
description of Otthiella ribis is so general that it might be made to include
this species.

Attention is called to the asci which are apparently, clearly cross-
walled. See Fig. 74. This unusual occurrence has also been observed by
Stevens in Dothidina costaricensis, see page 29.

Asci showing much the same general appearance as these are figured
by Julius Klein” as occurring in Ascobolus elegans with the comment

71 Det. Standley.
@ Verhandl. d. k. k. zool. Bot. Ges.,20.: 1870. Taf. 10, fig. 19.

199] FUNGI FROM COSTA RICA AND PANAMA—STEVENS 47

“Die Sporen werden gleich nach ihrer Bildung und auch im reifen Zustande
einzeln von einer farblosen Hiille umgeben, mit der sie unter einander
zusammenhingen (Taf. X, fig. 19). Wie bekannt, werden die reifen Sporen,
indem die Asci sich oben deckelartig 6ffnen, aus denselben herausgespritzt,
und finden sich meist auch noch nachher durch ihre Hiillen miteinander
verbunden.”’

CORYNELIACEAE

CoRYNELIA Fries ex Acharius
Syst. Myc., 2:535, 1822.

79. CORYNELIA sps.
On Podocarpus sp.
Costa Rica: Cartago, June 23, 1923, 47.
Owing to the condition of the material the asci and spores could not
be found. The apices of the perithecia were found to be 2 to 4 lobed,
though the stromata closely resemble those of C. portoricensis Fitz.

MYCOSPHAERELLACEAE
MycosPHAERELLA Johans.
Svamper fran Island.

80. MycosPHAERELLA CASSIAE Stevens n. sp.

Spots subcircular, 3 to 7 mm. in diameter, brown to black, concentri-
cally marked with dark lines, border definite. Perithecia numerous,
hypophyllous, immersed, brown, very minute, 36 to 43y in diameter,
slightly rostrate, ostiolate, reticulate. Mycelium dark, coarse. Asci
8-spored, 29 x 1lu, aparaphysate. Spores inordinate, 2-celled, hyaline,
oblong, 4 x 0.5y.

On Cassia sp.

Costa Rica: Columbiana, July 19, 1923; 909; Siquirres, Aug. 1,
1923, 724.

The spores and perithecia are very much smaller than those of M. sordi-

dula Speg., also on Cassia.

81. MvycospHAERELLA PLANTAGINICOLA (Pat.)
Sphaerella plantaginicola Pat. Bull. Soc. Myc. d. Fr., 9:153, 1893.
On Plantago hirtella.™
Costa Rica: La Palma, July 8, 1923, 293; Cartago, June 23, 1923,
38; El Alto, July 6, 1923, 253 and 241.
These specimens agree well with the descriptions of the above named
species and differ decidedly from M. plantaginis Sollm., which has spores
10 to 11y long, and from M. pachyasca Rost., with spores 16 to 20 x 5 to

73 Det. Standley.

48 ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS {200

6u. The spores are also larger than those of M. pullemansii P. Henn. and
M. gaveensis P. Henn., both from Brazil. The spores of M. calumbi Rehm
are much smaller.

PHYSALOSPORACEAE
PHYSALOSPORA Niessl

Notiz ueber Kr. Pyr., in Verhandl. d. naturf. Vereins in Briinn, 14:10,
1876.

82. PHYSALOSPORA AGAVES P. Henn.
Engl. Bot. Jahrb., 51, 1903.
On Fourcroya sps.
Costa Rica: Asseri, June 26, 1923, 128.
This specimen agrees essentially with the description of the above named
species, described from Africa, and differs somewhat from P. fourcroyae
P. Henn.

83. PHYSALOSPORA CESTRI Stevens N. sp.
[Figure 75]

Spot none. Perithecia punctiform, black, subepidermal, grouped in
clusters about 1 to 2 mm. in diameter, but the perithecia usually separate,
sometimes two or three contiguous. Perithecia 77 to 154y in diameter,
globose, ostiole circular, 7 to 15u in diameter, wall at base and sides dark,
parenchymoid, 14 to 18u thick. Clypeus subepidermal, 15 to 20u thick,
not equalling the diameter of the perithecium. Asci basal, 8-spored, ovate,
60 x 22u, short stipitate, thin-walled. Paraphyses numerous, matted.
Spores oblong, hyaline, continuous, 22 x 5u, obtuse.

On Cestrum sp.

Costa Rica: Port Limon, Aug. 10, 1923, 865.

The absence of mycelium from the epidermal cells, though a clypeus
is developed in the cells immediately below, is somewhat unique. The very
narrow clypeus is also distinctive. Occasionally there is a slight develop-
ment of stroma at the side of the clypeus, on the perithecium.

DIDYMELLA Sacc.
Michi ,1,:377:

84. DIDYMELLA EUPATORII Stevens n. sp.
[Figures 76, 77]

Spot indefinite, consisting, where stromata are numerous, of a blanched
or yellowed area in the leaf. Isolated stromata are without spot. Stromata
amphigenous, often on the minor veins, black, small. In section the black
stroma is seen to be mainly above the locule and epidermal, as a clypeus,
36 to 50u thick, though hyaline stroma is found in the mesophyll to con-
siderable distance, which in age also become black. Locules globose,

201] FUNGI FROM COSTA RICA AND PANAMA—STEVENS 49

100 to 150 to 180u in diameter, opening epiphyllous. Ostiole sometimes
through a beak, 77 x 30u. Asci, 8-spored, clavate, 60 x 7u. Paraphyses
filiform, numerous. Spores hyaline, fusiform, 1-septate, 21 x 3.5y, several
guttulate. Conidial locules subglobose, 80 x 60u; conidia hyaline, con-
tinuous, oblong, 7 x 3u, obtuse.
On Eupatorium sp.
Costa Rica: La Palma, July 8, 1923, 307.

GNOMONIACEAE
GLOMERELLA Sch. and Spaulding
Sci., n. s. 17:750, 1903.

85. GLOMERELLA BROMELIAE Stevens and Weedon n. sp.

Spots irregular in size and shape, from a few millimeters to several
centimeters in diameter. Perithecia spherical, immersed, becoming
erumpent, black, 105 to 299y in diameter and 105 to 237u deep. Asci basal,
8-spored, 74 to 81 x 17u, clavate, thick walled. Spores 14 to 21x 5 to
7u, hyaline, nonseptate, oblong, slightly thicker at the center. Paraphyses
filiform, guttulate. Pycnidial stromata, 141 to 624 x 141 to 265u. Pyc-
nidial cavities 21 to 52 x 21 to 9iyv. Conidia hyaline, continuous, 10 to
21 x4 to Sy.

On Bromelia penguin.

Costa Rica: Escasu, July 29, 1923, 166.

The perithecia are almost spherical but the ascigerous cavity is flask
shaped, and varies from 95 to 123y in width x 123 to 130y in length, in-
cluding the neck of the flask which is from 35 to 52y long x 24 to 42u
wide. The ascigerous cavity is surrounded by a large-celled, black stroma,
70 to 88 x 133 to 176u deep, below the fertile portions, and 17 to 24u
thick at the sides. Occasionally two perithecia are borne by the same
stroma, separated by a heavy black wall and with the necks extending
above the stroma surface. The stroma grows upward pushing into the
epidermal cells and rupturing the cuticle. The conidia are in pycnidia which
are scattered among the perithecia and are of similar structure, but are
larger than the perithecia and appear to the naked eye to be more super-
ficial, a little more elevated, black and hard. Microscopical examination
shows them to be embedded in a stroma, erumpent and similar to that
of the perithecia. Those having but a single pycnidium measure 141 to
176u. The conidia are slightly larger at one end than at the other; both
ends are obtuse.

Mazzantia Mont.
Syll. plant. crypt., 245, 1856.

50 ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS [202

86. MAZZANTIA ARUNDINELLAE Stevens 0. sp.
[Figures 78-80, 120]

Stroma dull black, oval or irregularly oval, 2 to 5x 0.5 to 1.5 mm.
across, immersed, subepidermal, becoming erumpent by a protruding
beak or by cracking the covering epidermis. Mesostroma hyaline, of very
thick walled cells, bounded by a black, compact rind about 15y thick.
Perithecia 170 to 350u wide, deeply buried (60 to 80x), 80 to 150u deep,
thin walled (7 to 8u), wall and nearby mesostroma slightly brown. Ostiole
long, up to 150y and usually rising obliquely through the stroma, lined
around its mouth by periphyses, and often projecting above the surface
as a short beak. Asci 4 to 8 spored, 52 to 67 x 5 to 7y, uniseriate. Para-
physes filiform, 42 to 52u long. Spores 13 to 15 x 5 to 7, hyaline, non-
septate, oval, the greatest diameter in the center, the ends rounded, one
to several guttulae, heavy walled.

On Arundinella hispida.

Costa Rica: Peralta, July 12, 1923, 343.

The most distinctive characters of this fungus are the hyaline meso-
stroma, the black, thin rind, and the deeply buried ostiolate perithecia.
The host cells, even when completely filled with mycelium, at first show
no change in character, later however the host cell walls, throughout a
considerable region, may disappear entirely, apparently being dissolved
away. In some instances there is a considerable development of the hyaline
stroma accompanying the dissolution of the host cells, this resulting in an
increase in mass and an arching upward of the epidermis or other overlying
tissues. The mycelium penetrates all of the host elements in the occupied
region, even into the sclerenchyma fibers. Superficially the fungus re-
sembles the Phyllachoraceae but the hyaline mesostroma, together with
the well developed ostiole, deny relationship here. In many characters it is
near Glomerella but its stroma is very different. Its real connection seems
to be most closely with the Valsaceae or the Melanconidiaceae, though
Sydow suggests the Hyponectriee.”4

CLYPEOSPHAERIACEAE

PHAEOPELTOSPHAERIA Berl.
Micr. Tosc. in N. Giorn. Bot. ital., 24:139, 1892.

87. -PHAEOPELTOSPHAERIA PANAMENSIS Stevens and King n. sp.
[Figures 81-83]

Spot small, subcircular to oval or slightly irregular, average 0.3 x 0.6
mm. (max. observed 0.7 x 0.36 mm.), occurring singly or grouped, some-
times in a more or less linear series parallel with the veins, hypophyllous,
black and glabrous, usually bordered by a narrow, light colored area.

7% Ann. Mycol., 13:191, 1915.

203] FUNGI FROM COSTA RICA AND PANAMA—STEVENS 51

Stromata clypeate, black, arched and continuous with the tangled mycelium
at the base of the perithecium. Perithecia situated in the mesophyll near
the upper leaf surface, single or sparingly cespitose, in cross section nar-
rowly to broadly bulbiform, up to 125y across and 80y deep, with ostiole
averaging 33u across. Asci club-shaped, distal ends rounded, 8-spored,
numerous, average 66 x 10u. Paraphyses numerous, filiform, up to 82u
long. Spores muriform, fusiform; olivaceous or straw colored; 16 x Su.
Hyphal development sparse to moderate, intercellular except for haustoria-
like structures invading all of palisade and mesophyll of host leaves.

On Chaetochloa vulpiseta (Lam) H. and C.

Panama, Gamboa, Aug. 16, 1923, 1350.

In general appearance the spots of this fungus resemble those of
Phyllachora chaetochloae Stevens, with which they occurred on the host.
It differs from Phaeopeltosphaecria caudata Berl. in the form and size of
the perithecia, the size of the asci, and the size and structure of the spores.

BASIDIOMYCETES
EXOBASIDIALES
Microstroma Niessl
Mahren Crypt. Fl., 165, 1865.

88. MiIcrosTROMA PITHECOLOBII Lamkey
Mycol., 12:52, 1920.
On Pithecolobium saman.
Costa Rica: El Roble, July 25, 1923, 137.

AGARICALES
POLYPORACEAE
Potyporus Mich.
Nov. Pl. gen., 129, 1729.

89. Polyporus FRUTICUM B. and C.%

Jour. Linn. Soc., 10:310, 1869.
On Living leaves.
Costa Rica: San Cecelia, Aug. 7, 1923, 763.

FUNGI IMPERFECTI

SPHAEROPSIDALES
HYALOSPORAE
.

PHYLLOSTICTA Pers.
Fr. Syst. Myc., 2:257.

™ Det. E. A. Burt.

52 ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS {204

90. PHYLLOSTICTA BEGONIICOLA Stevens & Baechler n. sp.

Spots dark brown with lighter yellow margins, 2 to 5 cm. in diameter,
visible on both surfaces of the leaf, irregular, indefinite. Mycelium light
brown, diameter 3u. Pycnidia immersed, dark brown to black, ostiolate,
125 to 140u. Spores irregularly oblong, obtuse, hyaline, continuous,
7 to 8 x 3y.

On Begonia.

Costa Rica: Peralta, July 13, 1923, 429.

This differs from Phyllosticta begoniae P. Brun. in not forming a pale
center in the spot and in having longer spores.

91. PHYLLOSTICTA CHELONANTHI Stevens Nh. sp.

Spots 1 to 10 mm. in diameter, subcircular, translucent, border definite,
surrounded by a discolored zone 3 to 5 mm. wide that merges indefinitely
with normal leaf. Young spots occupied by a single central pycnidium;
older spots bearing numerous scattered pycnidia. Pycnidia 70 in di-
ameter, dark. Ostiole very large, nearly as large as the pycnidium. Conidia
irregularly oblong, continuous, hyaline, 5 to 7 x 2u, obtuse.

On Chelonanthus acutangulus.

Costa Rica: La Palma, July 8, 1923, 284.

92. PHYLLOSTICTA COFFEICOLA Speg.

Revista de la Faculdad de Agronomia Y. Veterinaria, La Plata, 1-2,
1895-96.

On cultivated coffee.

Costa Rica: Cartago, July 7, 1923, 261.
{Figures 84, 85, 122]

The specimens reported provisionally under this name show diseased
or dead spots on the leaves, ranging from one to several centimeters in
diameter. They are tan colored when young but black when old. Pycnidia
are very numerous throughout the spot and visible under a hand lens.
Also on the upper surfaces of the diseases areas appear fan-shaped radia-
tions (Fig. 122). Careful study of these radiations fails to show them to
be mycelial but they seem rather to be due to hypertrophy or mild in-
tumescence of the epidermal cells, probably induced by mycelium. The
following description of the fungus may be given:

Pycnidia epiphyllous, rarely hypophyllous, developing at first sub-
cuticular but later pressing down through the palisade tissue, circular,
110y in diameter, straw colored, ostiole irregular, with slightly dark border.
Spores hyaline, continuous, oblong, 5 to 7 x 2u, obtuse.

The pycnidial wall is very tenuous and is, together with the overlying
cuticle, easily knocked off leaving the spore bed uncovered and thus
suggesting that the fungus is not of the Sphaerioidaceae, though earlier
stages clearly show that it is so.

205] FUNGI FROM COSTA RICA AND PANAMA—STEVENS 53

Agreement with Spegazzini’s description is not very close nor does he
mention the peculiar surface radiation. It is therefore quite possible that
this is a distinct species.

The original description of this species is as follows: ‘Maculae orbicu-
lares majusculae arescenti-albidae; perithecia epiphylla parenchymate
immersa lenticularia (180—200u) atra glabra, ostiolata, contextu parum
distincto; sporulae cylindraceae utrinque obtusiusculae atque minute
1-guttulatae, continuae hyalinae.

Hab. Ad. folia viva et languida Coffeae arabicae.”’

Macropuoma (Sacc.) Berl. and Vogl.
Atti. Soc. Veneto-Trentina, 172, 1886.

93. MACROPHOMA PANDANI (Lev.) Berl. and Vogl.

Atti. Soc. Veneto-Trentina, 172, 1886.

Phoma pandani (Lev.) Sacc. Syll. Fung., 3:157, 1884.

Sphaeropsis pandani Lev. (not S. pandani P. Henn.) Am. Sc. Nat.,
293, 1846.

On Pandanus sp.

Costa Rica: Peralta, July 11, 1923, 337.

The descriptions of M. pandani are very meager, no spore measure-
ments being given, but in so far as the description goes it is in agreement
with our specimen, the following description of which we give:

Forming dark spots on the bases of Pandanus fruits. Mycelium pale
yellow, 3u in diameter. Pycnidia 190 in diameter, immersed, brown,
ostiolate. Spores vary in size, largest 25 x 14y, hyaline, granular, thin
walled, continuous.

PHAEODIDYMAE

Botryodiplodia Sacc.

94. Botryodiplodia sp.
[Figure 86]

The specimens which are immature may be described as follows:

Spot brown, involving large area of the leaf. Pycnidia 155 to 180y,
numerous, black, immersed, ostiolate, erumpent. Spores 22 to 25 x 3 to
14y, one-celled, hyaline. Paraphyses 38 to 55y in length.

On Dracaena sp.

Costa Rica: Guapiles, July 18, 1923, 508.

On crushing open a pycnidium spores of all sizes up to the maximum
are found and their connection with their conidiophores is clearly evident.
Between the conidiophores arise long slender, comparatively straight,
paraphyses.

54 ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS [206

HYALODIDYMAE
Dar uca Cast.
Cat. Pl. Marseill. Suppl., 53.

95. DARLUCA FILUM (Biv.) Cast.
Cat. Pl. Marseill Suppl., 53.
On Puccinia.
On Zea Mays.
Costa Rica: Experiencia Farm, July 17, 1923, 520.

SCOLECOSPORAE
SEPTORIA Fr.
Syst. Myc. 3:480.

96. SEPTORIA CAVENDISHIAE Stevens n. sp.
[Figure 87]

Spots subcircular to irregular, definite, 3 to 15 mm. in diameter, extend-
ing through the leaf, centers tan-colored, borders red, 0.5 mm. wide,
slightly raised. Pycnidia black, punctiform, opening epiphyllous, about
100u in diameter, erumpent, ostiolate, base in the palisade tissue, about
230u long. Spores filiform, slightly thicker in the middle and tapering
toward the ends, hyaline, 3-septate, 25 to 32 x 3.5y.

On Cavendishia sp.
Costa Rica: Cartago, June 23, 1923, 51.

97. SEPTORIA ERIGERONTIS B. and C.

North Amer. Fungi. n. 437, in Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.
On Erigeron sp.
Costa Rica: La Palma, July 8, 280.

98. SEPTORIA LOBELIAE Peck.
Report of the Botanist, N. Y. State Mus. Nat. Hist., 187, 1870.
On Lobelia laxiflora.
Costa Rica: Agua Caliente, July 5, 1923, 220.

MELANCONIALES
COLLETOTRICHUM CORDA
Sturm Cr. Fl., III, 3:41.

99. COLLETOTRICHUM IRESINES Stevens N. sp.
Spots irregularly circular, definitely bordered, ashen gray, 5 to 8 mm.
in diameter, extending through the leaf. Acervuli 80 to 90u in diameter,
densely setose. Setae wine colored to black, crooked, irregular, obtuse,

207] FUNGI FROM COSTA RICA AND PANAMA—STEVENS 55

septate, about 60y long, 3.54 thick. Conidia oblong, straight, obtuse,
hyaline, 12 to 18 x 4u.
On Iresine calea.”
Costa Rica: Desamparados, June 24, 1923, 139.

100. CoLLETOTRICHUM PEREGRINUM Passer.
Diagn. F. N. IV, 14.
On Polyscias quilfoylet.
Panama: Panama, Aug. 13, 1923, 1002.
Large blanched spots on the leaves were so numerous as to seriously
disfigure the foliage and injure the vigor of the plants. The disease was
quite common in the Canal Zone.

MONILIALES
MONILIACEAE
Orprum (Link) em. Sacc.
Mich., 2:15, 1880.

101. Orprum

Probably of Sphaerotheca humuli var. fuliginea (Schlecht) Salm. Berl.
Ges. Nat. Freund. Verh., 1:47, 1819.
On Erigeron sp.
Costa Rica: San José, June 20, 1923, 4; Desamparados, June 27,
1923, 135.

102. O1prum.

Probably of Sphaerotheca humuli (DC.) Burr. Bull. Ill. State Lab. Nat.
Hist., 2:400, 1887, or of S. pannosa Lev. Ann. Sci. Nat., III, 15:138,
1851.

On Rosa sp. (cultivated).
Costa Rica: Alajeula, July 29, 1923, 654.

103. Opium sp.
On Erythrina sp.
Costa Rica: Aserri, June 26, 1923, 125.
On Tabebuia sp.
Costa Rica: San Vincente del Coronado, June 30, 1923, 177.

104. O1rpium.

Probably of Microsphaera diffusa Cooke and Peck, Journ. Bot., II,
1:13, 1872.

On Meibomia sp.

Costa Rica: Desamparados, June 27, 1923, 146.

% Det. Standley.

56

ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS [208

Botrytis Mich.
Nov. gen., 212, 1729.

105. Botrytis CINEREA (group) Pers.
Syn., 690, 1801-1808.
On Rosa sp. (cult.).
Costa Rica: Cartago, July 6, 1923, 227.

RaMULARIA Ung.
Exanthem. 169.

106. RAMULARIA TARAXICI Karst.

Fragmenta. Mycol., 6:7.
On Taraxacum sp.
Costa Rica: San José, July 28, 1923, 648.
In the description of Ramularia as given in Saccardo’s Sylloge Fun-

gorum the spores are typically 2-septate, though species are given in the
same volume as having 1-septate spores. The present species in a count
of 42 spores gives 4-continuous, 36 1-septate, one 3-septate. Notwithstand-
ing this apparent disagreement with the generic description we find by
comparison with specimens in various exsicatti that the spores in these
specimens show similar septation.

DEMATIACEAE
Craposporium Link
Mag. Ges. Naturf. Freude Berlin, 8:37, 1816. Sp. pl. Fungi, 1:39, 1824,

Sacc. Mich., II, 27.

107. CLADOSPORIUM FULVUM Cooke.
Rav. Amer. Fungi, n. 5599; Grev. 1883, p. 32.
On Solanum lycopersicum (Tomato).
Costa Rica: E] Roble July 25, 1923, 639.

HELMINTHOSPORIUM Link
Berl. Mag., 3:10, 1809, em Sacc. Mich., 2:28.

108. HrLMINTHOSPORIUM MAYAGUENZENSE Miles.

Trans. Ill. Acad. Sc., 10:253, 1917.
On Paspalum conjugatum.™

Costa Rica: Peralta, July 13, 435; July 11, 335; July 13, 456; Sebario,

Aug. 8, 815.

Panama: Juan Mina, Aug. 18, 1167.
On Isachne arundinacea.”

Costa Rica: Siquirres, July 31, 1923, 678.

77 Det. Chase.

209] FUNGI FROM COSTA RICA AND PANAMA—STEVENS 57

109. HELMINTHOSPORIUM RAVENELII Curtis and Berk.

North Amer. Fungi, n. 628 and Cub. Fung. n. 627.
On Sporobolus sp.
Panama: Frijoles, Aug. 20, 1923, 1192.
Costa Rica: San José, June 20, 1923, 13; Desamparados, June 27,
1923, 133; Cartago, July 2, 1923, 188.
On Sporobolus berteroamis.™
Costa Rica: Cartago, July 7, 1923, 269; Peralta, July 12, 1923, 361

CERCOSPORA Fres.
Beitr. Zur. Mykol., 90, 1850.

110. CErERCOSPORA ALABAMENSIS Atk.

Jour. Elisha Mitchell Sc. Soc., 8: part 2, 51, 1891.
On Ipomoea pes-caprae.
Costa Rica: Puntarenas, July 24, 1923, 6/7.

111. CERCOSPORA COFFEICOLA B. and C.
Grevillea 9:99, 1881.
On Coffea arabica.
Costa Rica: Cartago, July 7, 1923, 262.

112. CERCOSPORA CosTI Stevens, n. sp.

Spot irregular, blanched, or ashen due to conidiophores, definitely
bordered, sometimes involving a whole leaf. Conidiophore clumps ex-
stomatal, up to 36u in diameter, containing very numerous conidiophores.
Conidiophores simple, straw colored to yellow, very short (usually 14
or less), 3u thick, straight, rigid. Conidia slender, whip-shaped, tapering
slightly, hyaline, moderately curved, up to 82y long, 3u thick, several-
septate, mycelium straw colored.

On Costus sp.

Panama: Gatun, Aug. 24, 1923, 1343.

113. CERCOSPORA DIFFUSA E. and E.

Journ. Myc., 3, 1888.
On Solanum nigrum.

Costa Rica: San José, June 20, 1923, 6.
Peralta, July 13, 1923, 450.

114. CErRCOSPORA ERECHTITES Atk.

Jour. Elisha Mitchell Sc. Soc. (Chapel Hill, N. C.), 8:pt. 2:33, 1892.
On Erechtites sp.
Costa Rica: Experiencia Farm, July 18, 1923, 556.

58 ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS [210

This specimen agrees with the original description by Atkinson, except
that he gives the spore dimensions as 70 to 230 x 3 to 4u, whereas in
this material the spores measure 37 to 80 x3 to Su.

115. CERCOSPORA NICOTIANAE E. and E.

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. of Phil., p. 170, 1893.

While working on a leaf spot of tobacco supposedly caused by Cercospora
nicotianae, it was found that the fungus did not agree in all respects with
the original description of Cercospora nicotianae by Ellis and Everhart.
The main point of variance was in the length of the hyphae which, in the
original description, is given as 75-100 4 x 5y, while the hyphae of the
fungus examined, averaged 188 x 4u. Specimens from the University
Herbarium and the State Natural History Survey proved to be of the
short hyphae type and therefore agreed with the original description of
Cercospora nicotianae.

The length of the hyphae was not considered as a variation within
the species since no variation was found within a particular disease spot
and since the hyphae are in many cases twice as long as the short stubby
type. The Cercospora is therefore regarded as being a new species but the
lack of sufficient material at present prevents it being described as such.

116. CERCOSPORA POROPHYLLI Stevens and Moore n. sp.

Amphigenous, fruiting mostly on lower surface. Spots circular, center
cinereous, 3 to 8 mm. in diameter, surrounded by a black ring 1 to 2 mm.
wide; the entire area between spots becoming brown or smoky brown;
spot on both leaf surfaces. Conidiophores brown, erect in clusters from
the stomata, 40 to 80u long, 5 to 8 wide at the base, tapering slightly,
geniculate in the upper half. Conidia hyaline, 40 to 60y long, 3 to 4u wide,
straight, cylindrical or tapering toward apex, 1 to 5 septate, not constricted.

On Porophyllum ruderale.7®

Costa Rica: Siquirres, July 18, 1923, 554.

No Cercospora is reported on Porophyllum nor any closely related
genus. C. jacquiniana Thiim, more nearly resembles this species than any
other, but is easily distinguished by the yellow spots and arcuate conidia.

117. CERCOSPORA PURPUREA Cke.

Grev., 7:34, 1878.

On Persea gratissima.

Panama: Frijoles, Aug. 20, 1923, 1191.

These specimens agree reasonably well with the rather meager de-
scription given in the Sylloge Fungorum, except that in my specimens
the conidiophores are always short, seldom exceeding 56u, while the
description reads 50 to 70.

78 Det. Standley.

211] FUNGI FROM COSTA RICA AND PANAMA—STEVENS 59

118. CERCOSPORA SAMBUCI Stevens and King. n. sp.

Spots round, suboval, sometimes irregular, solitary or confluent, extend-
ing through leaf, silvery or ashen gray in centers with distinct, somewhat
raised, crenulate, brownish border with surrounding purplish coloration,
1 to 5 mm. in diameter; conidiophores amphigenous, much more prominent
on the upper surface, in dense tufts, brownish, becoming sparingly septate
with age, straight or bent, 30 to 80 x 3 to 5u. Conidia cylindrical, borne
acrogenously, straight or curved, apical end narrowly rounded, base slightly
narrowed, hyaline, 1 to 5 usually 3 or 4 septate, 24 to 69 x 3 to Su.

On Sambucus mexicana."

Costa Rica: Cartago, July 7, 1923, 250.

There have previously been two species and a subspecies of Cercospora
reported upon Sambucus, viz.: C. catenospora Atk., C. depazeoides (Desm.)
Sacc., and C. depazeoides subsp. sambucina Ell. and Kell. The purplish
coloration surrounding the spots on affected leaves does not occur in
C. catenospora, neither are the conidiophores similar to those of this fungus.
The spores of C. depazeoides, and also its subspecies sambucina differ from
our fungus in form and septation as well as coloration.

STILBACEAE
IsaRriA Pers.
Tent. Disp. meth. fung., 41, 1797.

119. ISARIA PALMAE Stevens and King n. sp.

Coremia generally erect, numerous, distributed over the substratum,
each composed of closely united, parallel hyphae, all of which terminate
singly on the periphery or apex. Coremia cylindrical or somewhat arcuate,
sometimes tapering apically, length up to about 1 mm., width 40 to 100u
or more, white. Hyphae composing coremium non-septate, simple, hyaline,
1.75 to 2u thick, length up to 1 mm., apex slightly dilated and sporiferous,
a short irregular ring forming and extending the apex each time a spore
is formed. Spores borne singly on hyphae on sides and apex of coremium,
suboval, hyaline, 3 to 3.8 x 3.8 to Su.

On the inflorescence of palm.

Panama: Frijoles, August 20, 1923, 1206.

STILBELLA Lindau
Engler-Prantl, Nat Pflanzenfamilien, 1-1**, 489, 1900.
120. STILBELLA PROLIFERANS Stevens nN. sp.
[Figure 88]

Coremia in groups on the surface of bark, 600 to 700u tall, 30 to 125u
thick, simple or branched; stalk-colorless, smooth, straight, composed of

79 Det. Blake.

60 ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS [212

parallel hyphae about 1p thick. Heads red, 60 to 310y in diameter, flat-
topped. Conidiophores simple. Conidia acrogenous, not catenulate but
accumulating in large numbers on the top of the head, oval, hyaline,
1-celled, 5 to 6 x 3u, obtuse.

On Theobroma cacao.

Costa Rica: Indiana branch, July 18, 1923, 541.

The distinctive character of this species is the branching of the coremia
by proliferation. A coremium may produce its head and quantities of
spores, then growth may be resumed at one or more places on the surface
of the head and a new coremium superimposed on the old. This may
result in quite complicated branching systems. Fig. 88. In other instances
there may be only one proliferation on a head, then only one on the
secondary head etc., for several repetitions.

TUBERCULARIACEAE
Fusarium Link.
Berl. Mag., 3:10, 1809.

121. FuSARIUM GRAMINUM Cda.®®
On Paspalum virgatum.®
Panama: Frijoles, Aug. 20, 1923, 1194.
Very numerous spikelets were overgrown with an orange colored, some-
what viscous, coating so conspicuous as to be visible at considerable
distance.

PUCCINIOPSIS Speg.
F. Guar., 2:n. 202, 1888.

122. PuccINIOPSIS CARICAE Earle.

Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard., 2:340, 1902.
On Carica papaya.
Costa Rica: San Cecelia, Aug. 7, 1923, 757.
Panama: Gamboa, Aug. 16, 1923, 1084.
The Pucciniopsis is attached by a fungus showing a thin hyaline
mycelium and slender brown conidiophores. No conidia were seen.

SCENOMYCES Stevens n. gen.
[Figures 89-91, 114, 123, 124, 125]

The fungus is strictly superficial on the lower sides of leaves. The
mycelium is abundant, rather generally distributed over the leaf surface
as a loose net. The individual threads are about 3y thick, yellow, trans-
Incent, straight walled, not gelatinous.

80 Det. Sherbakoff.
81 Det. Chase.

203] FUNGI FROM COSTA RICA AND PANAMA—STEVENS 61

In numerous places over the leaf, Fig. 123, are scattered mycelial
aggregations of somewhat stellate shape, Figs. 123 to 125, which suggest
perithecia or pycnidia. They will hereafter be referred to as perithecia
though there is no proof that they are such. These range in extreme
diameter from 1 to 1.2 mm. The number of rays varies from 4 to 6, Figs.
123 to 125, most commonly 5. The center of the perithecium where the
rays meet is the most elevated point, making the perithecium about 77
to 1074 high and sloping evenly along each ray to the level of the leaf
surface. From the ray laterally the mycelium is given off on both sides
at acute angles, strictly parallel and contiguous, Fig. 90. Where these
parallel threads meet the leaf surface the mycelium becomes irregularly
arranged in a much tangled network. Fig. 89. From the apex, the ridge,
of a ray more or less loose mycelium arises as a kind of a crest, and at the
distal] extremity of a ray, where it comes in contact with the leaf there is
a pronounced bushy tuft of loose mycelium, usually some 230u long. Fre-
quently the upper region of the perithecium is somewhat more densely
thatched than the remaining portion. In most cases the apex of the
perithecium, where the several rays meet, is occupied by a thick mat of
mycelium.

In other cases the center bears a clean cut, circular hole, through which,
in looking down upon it through the microscope, the bare leaf surface may
be seen below. Whether this hole is normal or whether it is produced by
some insect or other means is unknown.

Microtome sections of perithecia show the parallel roofing structure to
be only one of two layers of mycelium in thickness. The floor is 7 to 36u
thick and composed of a very loosely woven mycelium. The space below
the cover and the leaf is occupied by a very loose network of mycelium,
Fig. 91.

Most diligent search has failed to reveal any spores, conidia, or asci
other than a few of varying character, probably strays. The perithecium
appears to begin by the laying down of the basal outline as a region of
especially dense mycelium, Fig. 89, and from these the parallel mycelium
rises to meet at the ridge. The mycelium is of the general type so common
in the Perisporiaceae.

In view, however, of the extremely unique characters presented, and
even in the absence of spores the above description is given and the name
Scenomyces perplexans is suggested.

On unknown dicotyledonous host.

Panama: Alehjuela, Aug. 18, 1923, 1028.

62 ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS [214

Achorella

attaleae

costaricensis
Acrospermum foliicolum
Albugo bliti

ipomoeae panduranae

platensis
Apiospora striola
Bagnisiopsis peribebuyensis
Balansia discoidea
Botryodiplodia
Botrytis cinerea
Catacouma costaricensis

zanthoxyli
Ceratochaetopsis costaricensis
Cercospora alabamensis

coffeicola

costi

diffusa

erechtities

nicotianae

porophylli

purpurea

sambuci
Chaetostigme cordiae

erigeronicola
Cladosporium fulvum
Cocconia palmae
Coccostromopsis palmigena
Colletotrichum iresines

peregrinum
Corynelia sps.
Darluca filum
Didymella eupatorii
Dimeriella olyrae
Dimeriellopsis costaricensis
Dimerina dodonaeae
Dothichloe atramentosa
Dothidina costaricensis
Euryachora sp. ind.
Fusarium graminum
Glomerella bromeliae
Haplothecium dioscoreae
Helminthosporium mayaguenzense

ravenelii

INDEX TO FUNGI

Hyalomeliolina costaricensis
Hyperus costaricensis
Hypostigma polyadelpha
Isaria palmae
Lophodermium arundinaceum
Macrophoma pandani
Mazzantia arundinellae
Microstroma pithecolobii
Mycosphaerella cassiae

plantaginicola
Myrianginella costaricensis
Oidium probably of Sphaerotheca humuli

var. fuliginea (Schcht) sp.
Oidium probably of Microsphaera diffusa
Ophiodothella panamensis
Otthiella fourcroyae
Parodiella perisporioides
Parodiopsis ingarum
Perisporina dendritica
Perisporium bromeliae
Phaeodothis costaricensis
Phaeopeltosphaeria panamensis
Phragmocarpella puiggarii
Phyllachora ambrosiae

anthephorae

casimiroae

chaetochloae

chusqueae

diocleae

engleri

icacoreae

juraensis

lactea

litseae

maydis

meibomiae

ocoteicola

oplismeni

panamensis

paspalicola

picramniae

sapindacearum

sp. indet.

stevensii

tragiae

215] FUNGI FROM COSTA RICA AND PANAMA—STEVENS

trophis

ulei

vismiae
Phyllachorella schistocarphae
Phyllosticta begoniicola

chelonanthi

coffeicola
Physalospora agaves

cestri
Plasmopara halstedii
Polyporus fructicum
Polystomella costaricensis
Pseudoparodiella vernoniae
Pucciniopsis caricae
Pycnidiostroma eugeniae
Ramularia taraxici
Rheumatopeltis querci

Hosts

Amaranthus sps.
Andropogon bicornis
Anthephora hermaphrodita
Anthurium aemalum
Anthurium sps.
Anthurium boltanianum
Arundinella hispida
Attalea cohune

Begonia

Bidens

Boerhaavia caribaea
Boerhaavia erecta

Bromelia penguin
Bromelia penguin

Brownea sp.

Buettneria aculeata
Calyptranthes costaricensis
Canavalia sp.

Carica papaya

Casimiroa tetrameria
Cassia indet.

Cavendishia

Cenchrus viridis
Cestrum sp.

Chaetochloa vulpiseta

Chamaedorea sp.

Scenomyces perplexans
Scolecoccoidea costaricensis
miconiae
Schweinitziella palmigena
Septoria cavendishiae
erigerontis
lobeliae
Sphaerodothis circumscripta
scleriae
sphaerosperma
Sphaerostilbe coccophila
Stilbella proliferans
Synchytrium boerhaaviae
decipiens
Tonduzia psychotriae
Trabutia xylosmae
Tryblidiella rufula

HOST INDEX

FUNGI

Albugo bliti

Lophodermium arundinaceum
Phyllachora anthephorae
Phyllachora engleri
Phyllachora engleri
Acrospermum foliicolum
Mazzantia arundinellae
Achorella attaleae
Phyllosticta begoniicola
Plasmopara halstedii

Albugo platensis

Albugo platensis
Synchytrium boerhaaviae
Glomerella bromeliae
Perisporium bromeliae
Phyllachora juraensis
Hypostigma polyadelpha
Pycnidiostroma eugeniae
Dimeriellopsis costaricensis
Pucciniopsis caricae
Phyllachora casimiroae
Phyllachora lactea
Mycosphaerella cassiae
Septoria cavendishiae
Sphaerodothis sphaerosperma
Physalospora cestri
Phacopeltosphaeria panamaensis
Phyllachora chaetochloae
Schweinitziella palmigena
Coccostromopsis palmigena

63

64 ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS (216

Chelonanthus acutangulus Phyllosticta chelonanthi

Chusquea pittieri Phyllachora chusqueae
Apiospora striola

Citrus Tryblidiella rufula

Coffea arabica Sphaesrostilbe coccophila

Cercospora coffeicola
Phyllosticta coffeicola

Cordia heterophylla Ophiodothella panamensis
“ corymbosa Chaetostigme cordiae
“ interrupta Chaetostigme cordiae
Costus Cercospora costi
Croton gladulosus Phyllachora tragiae
“sp. Phyllachora tragiae
Dicotyledonous plant Euryachora sp. ind.

Hyperus costaricensis
Phyllachora sp. indet.
Scenomyces parplexans

Dioclea reflexa Phyllachora diocleae
Dioscorea sps. Haplothecium dioscoreae
Dioscorea sp. Phyllachora ulei
Dodonaea viscosa Dimerina dodonaeae
Dracaena sp. - Botryodiplodia sp.
Erechtites hieracifolia Plasmopara halstedii
‘ sps. Cercospora erechtites
ae sp. Cercospora erechtites
Erigeron sp. Oidium probably of Sphaerotheca humuli.

var. fuliginea (Schcht.)
Septoria erigerontis
Erythrina sp. Oidium sp.
Eugenia oerstediana Pycnidiostroma eugeniae

Eupatorium sps.
Fourcroya sp.
Fourcroya sps.

Didymella eupatorii
Otthiella fourcroyae
Physalospora agaves

Icacorea sp. Phyllachora icacoreae
Inga sps. Parodiopsis ingarum
Perisporina dendritica
Ipomoea pes-caprae Cercospora alabamensis
“ ~ sps. indet. Albugo ipomoeae-panduranae
Tresine acicularis Albugo bliti
Tresine calea Colletotrichum iresines
Tsachne arundinacea Helminthosporium mayaguenzense
Legume Dimeriellopsis costaricensis
Living leaves Polyporus fruticum
Lobelia laxiflora Septoria lobeliae
Meibomia Phyllachora meibomiae
= sps. ind. Phyllachora stevensii
Oidium
Melastomataceae Bagnisiopsis peribebuyensis
Miconia sp. Bagnisiopsis peribebuyensis
Miconia sp. Scolecoccoidea costaricensis
sps. Myrianginella costaricensis

Mikania sp. Achorella costaricensis

217] FUNGI FROM COSTA RICA AND PANAMA—STEVENS

Myrcia costaricensis

Myroxylon ellipticum
Nectandra glabrescens
Ocotea sps.

Olyra latifolia
Oplismenus burmanni

Palm

Pandanus sp.
Panicum haenkeanum
Paspalum conjugatum

fasciculatum

virgatum
Pennisetum distachyum
Persea gratissima
Picramnia antidesma

bonplandiana
Piper
Pithecolobium saman
Plantago hirtella
Podachaenium eminens
Podocarpus sp.
Polyscias quilfoylei
Porophyllum ruderale
Psychotria brachiata
Puccinia
Quercus eugenifolia
Rosa (cult)

Rosa sp. (cult)

Rourea glabra

Rubiaceae

Sambucus mexicana

Schistocarpha hoffmanii

Scleria melaleuca
pterota

Serjania mexicana

Solanum lycopersicum

Solanum nigrum

Sophoelesia sp.

Sporobolus berteroamis

Struthanthus
Stylosanthes sp.
Tabebuia
Taraxacum
Tetracera volubilis

Catacouma costaricensis
Ceratochaetopsis costaricensis
Trabutia xylosmae
Phyllachora litseae
Phyllachora ocoteicola
Dimeriella olyrae
Phyllachora oplismeni
Phragmocarpella puiggarii
Dothidina costaricensis
Cocconia palmae

Isaria palmae
Schweinitziella palmigenum
Macrophoma pandani
Balansia discoidea

Helminthosporium mayaguenzense

Phyllachora paspalicola
Phyllachora chaetochloae
Fusarium graminum
Phyllachora chaetochloae
Cercospora purpurea
Phyllachora picramniae
Phyllachora picramniae
Meliola glabroides
Microstroma pithecolobii
Mycosphaerella plantaginicola
Phyllachora ambrosiae
Corynelia sps.
Colletotrichum peregrinum
Cercospora porophylli
Tonduzia psychotriae
Darluca filum
Rheumatopeltis querci

on

Oidium probably of Sphaerotheca humuli

var. fuliginea
Botrytis cinerea
Phyllachora panamensis
Phaeodothis costaricensis
Cercospora sambuci
Phyllachorella schistocar hae
Sphaerodothis scleriae
Sphaerodothis scleriae
Phyllachora sapindacearum
Cladosporium fulvum
Cercospora diffusa
Sphaerodothis circumscripta
Helminthosporium ravenelii
Dothichloe atramentosa
Polystomella costaricensis
Parodiella perisporioides
Oidium sp.
Ramularia taraxici
Hyalomeliolina costaricensis

66

Theobroma cacao
Trophis racemosa
Vaccinium
Vernonia canescens
Vigna vexillata
Vismia guianensis
Xylosma salzmanni
Zanthoxylon sps.

Zea mays
“ «

ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS

Stibella proliferans
Phyllachora trophis
Sphaerodothis circumscripta
Pseudoparodiella vernoniae
Synchytrium decipiens
Phyllachora vismiae
Trabutia xylosmae
Catacouma zanthoxyli
Phyllachora maydis
Darluca filum

[218

219]

FUNGI FROM COSTA RICA AND PANAMA—STEVENS

PLATE 1

67

68 ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS [220

Explanation of PLATE I

Figs. 1, 2, Synchytrium boerhaaviae.
Fig. 1. Two resting spores within one host cell.
Fig. 2. A sporangial sorus.

: Fig. 3, Acrospermum folliicolum.

Fig. 3. Drawing showing ascigerous portion of the perithecium, the stipe, and the ostiole.

Figs. 4, 5, Myrianginella costaricensis.
Fig. 4. Section of a stroma showing location of the asci and foot.
Fig. 5. Ascus and spores.

Figs. 6, 7, 8, Pseudoparodiella vernoniae.

Figs. 6,8. Views of the subcuticular subiculum as seen from above.
Fig. 7. Perithecium in section showing the subcuticular subicle.

ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS VOLUME XI

STEVENS FUNGI FROM COSTA RICA PAVAAE Bea

THE L'BRARY
OF HE
CONERSILY UF FLtinets

221)

FUNGI FROM COSTA RICA AND PANAMA—STEVENS

PLATE II

69

Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.

Fig.
Fig.
Fig.

9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14,
15.

16.

ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS

Explanation of PLATE II

Fig. 9-15, Pseudoparodiella vernoniae.

Perithecium in section showing subicle.
A perithecium with setae.
Portion of a subiculum as seen from above.
A group of conidia as seen from above.
Detail of a conidiophore bed in section, showing subicle.
Conidia in chains.
An ascus and spores, paraphyses.

Figs. 16, 17a, 17b, Tonduzia psychotriae.
Mycelium.

17a. Asci.
17b. Spores.

[222

VOLUME XI

ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS

PLATE II

FUNGI FROM COSTA RICA

STEVENS

THE LIBRARY
OF HE
cxgveRarty OF ILLIKOIS:

223}

FUNGI FROM COSTA RICA AND PANAMA—STEVENS

PLATE III

mN

Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.

Fig.
Fig.

18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.

25.
26.

ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS

Explanation of PLATE III

Fig. 18, Chaetostigme cordiae.
An ascus, spores and paraphyses.
Fig. 19, Dimeriellopsis costaricensis.
Conidiophores and conidia.
Fig. 20, Dimerina dodonaeae.
Asci and spores.
‘ Figs. 21-23, Perisporina dentritica.
A conidiophore showing origin from the basal mycelium.
A conidiophore showing intricate branching.
Conidia.
Fig. 24, Cocconia palmae.
Ascus and spores.
Figs. 25, 26, Polystomella costaricensis.
Section of a stroma showing ascigerous locules, also conidial locules.
Detail drawing showing the mycelium within the epidermal cells.

{224

ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS VOLUME XxI

SEVEN FUNGI FROM COSTA RICA PLATE III

; \Wi ;
pavers! A OF jars

225] FUNGI FROM COSTA RICA AND PANAMA—STEVENS 73

PLATE IV

74

Fie,
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.

Fig.
Fig.

Fig.

ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS {226

Explanation of PLATE IV
Figs. 27-31, Rheumatopeltis querci.
General view of stroma in section.
A portion of a stroma, showing dothideoid character, thin floor and the one locule;
epidermal cells with mycelium.
A stroma showing structure of the extra-loculiferous region.
An ascus, spores and paraphyses.
Sketch showing the course of the mycelium in the thallus as viewed from above.
Figs. 32, 33, Schweinitsiella palmigena.
Diagram showing relation of stroma, foot, locules, hypostroma, and host tissue
An ascus, spores, and paraphyses.
Fig. 34, Scolecoccoidea costaricensis.
Ascus and spores.

ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS VOLUME XI

rT hes

= cop
(RASS

BP Kee

=

NBR

Go és) SaaS
Lf Os) E9// Apa)
28 v : ‘ %

STEVENS FUNGI FROM COSTA RICA PLATE IV

227]

FUNGI FROM COSTA RICA AND PANAMA—STEVENS

PLATE V

75

76

Fig. 35.
Fig. 36.
Fig. 37.
Fig. 38.
Fig. 39.
Fig. 40.

ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS

Explanation of PLATE V
Figs. 35-40, Hyperus costaricensis.
A conidial stroma, conidiophores, and conidia.
An ascigerous stroma showing the locule and rostrum.

A stroma with perithecium and remains of stroma around the perithecium.

A perithecium with remnant of stroma upon it.
A group of conidial and ascigerous stromata,
Conidiophores and conidia.

(228

ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS VOLUME XI

STEVENS FUNGI FROM COSTA RICA PLATE V

THE | RRARY
OOF HE
USVERSAY UF Iki: tin

229] FUNGI FROM COSTA RICA AND PANAMA—STEVENS 77

PLATE VI

78

Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.

Fig.
Fig.

47.
48.

ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS [230

Explanation of PLATE VI
Figs. 41-43, Dothidina costaricensis.
Section of a stroma showing locule and dothideoid structure.
A septate ascus and spores.
An ascus breaking into single-spored segments.
Figs. 44, 45, Achorella costaricensis.
Diagram showing structure of diseased leaf, also the loculiferous stroma in the leaf
with its foot.
Drawing showing normal leaf structure.
Fig. 46, Trabutia xylosmae.
Ascus, spores, and paraphyses.
Figs. 47, 48, Hypostigma polyadel pha.
Two stromata with connecting hyaline mycelium.
A stroma in section.

ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS VOLUME XI

STEVENS FUNGI FROM COSTA RICA PLATE VI

231] FUNGI FROM COSTA RICA AND PANAMA—STEVENS 79

PLATE VII

Fig.
Fig.

Fig.
Fig.

Fig.
Fig.

Fig.
Fig.

Fig.

49,
50.

51.

52.

53.
54.

55.
56.

57.

ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL: MONOGRAPHS [232

Explanation of PLATE VII
Figs. 49-52, Hypostigma polyadelpha.
A thallus, without perithecium, showing shape of cells at center and at margin.
A thallus bearing a perithecium showing cellular structure of the perithecial cover-
ing and projections from the base.
A thallus bearing a perithecium. The covering layer of the perithecium has been
largely broken away revealing the thallus below.
Detail of the subcuticular stroma and portion of a perithecium.
Figs. 53, 54, Catacauma zanthoxyli.
Drawing showing locule, stroma, ostiole, clypeus.
An ascus and spores.
Figg. 55, 56, Phyllachora ambrosiae,
Drawing of a stroma ang locule.
An ascus, spores, and pa aphyses.
Fig. 157, Phyllachora casimiroae.
Cross section of perithecium, showing asci and paraphyses on the hyaline mycelium,
surrounded by the darker mycelial layer.

ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS VOLUME xI

STEVENS FUNGI FROM COSTA RICA PLATE VII

233) FUNGI FROM COSTA RICA AND PANAMA—STEVENS 81

PLATE VIII

82

Fig
Fig

Fig

Fig.
Fig.
Fig.

Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.

Fig.
Fig.

67.
68.

ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS

Explanation of PLATE VIII
Fig. 58, Phyllachora casimiroae.
Asci, spores and paraphyses.
Fig. 59, Phyllachora icacoreae.
Drawing showing stromata and locules.
Fig. 60, Phyllachora meibomiae.
Drawing of a section through a stroma showing locules and clypeus.
Figs. 61, 62a, 62b, Phyllachora picramniae.
A section showing locules and stroma.
Ascus. ‘
Spores.
Figs. 63-65, Phyllachora trophis.
Conidial stroma, locules, epidermal stroma.
Detail of conidiophores and conidia.
Ascigerous stroma, locule, and clypei.
Fig. 66, Phyllachorella schistocarphae.

Drawing showing epidermal clypeus, subepidermal stroma, locule, border, asci.

Figs. 67, 68, Phaeodothis costaricensis.
Showing two regions of stroma and the conidial locules.
Ascus and ascosphores.

[234

ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS

VOLUME xI

67

a,

STEVENS

FUNGI FROM COSTA RICA PLATE VIII

Tam ‘BRARY
nen i Faas

:

235]

FUNGI FROM COSTA RICA AND PANAMA—STEVENS

PLATE 1X

83

Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.

Fig.

69.
70.
Tila.
71b.
72.

133

ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS [236

Explanation of PLATE IX

Figs. 69-71b, Ophiodothella panamensis.
Section of a stroma showing upper and lower clypeus, stroma in the mesophyll and
epidermis; locules.

Detail of stroma showing dothideoid character, locule border, and epidermal clypeus.
Spores.
Ascus. '

Fig. 72, Haplothecium dioscoreae.

Ascus and spores.

Fig. 73, Pycnidiostroma eugeniae.
General sketch to show location of the pycnidial locules in the leaf.
Fig. 74, Otthiella fourcroyae.
Asci showing septation, and spores.
Fig. 75, Physalospora cestri.
A perithecium in a leaf showing locule border and clypeus,
Fig. 76, Didymella eupatorii.
Showing rostrum, also a conidial cavity.

VOLUME XI

ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS

PLATE IX

FUNGI FROM COSTA RICA

STEVENS

E Uansay
OF «i

237] FUNGI FROM COSTA RICA AND PANAMA—STEVENS 85

PLATE X

86

Fig.

Fig.
Fig.

Fig.
Fig.

Fig.
Fig.
Fig.

Fig.

77.

78.
79a.

79b.
80.

81.
82.
83.

84.

ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS [238

Explanation of PLATE X

Fig. 77, Didymella eupatorii.

A stroma with several locules, one showing the ostiole,
Figs. 78-80, Mazzantia arundinellae.
Mycelium within the epidermal cells as seen from surface view.
Diagram (transverse) showing the stroma in the tissues; rind, hyaline mesastroma,
locules.
Longitudinal section showing the same features.
Detail drawing showing character of the rind and mesostroma in the host cells.
Figs. 81-83, Phaeopeltosphaeria panamensis.

Cross section of a perithecium showing the structure of the clypeus.
Asci and paraphyses.
Spores.

Figs. 84, Phyllosticta coffeicola.
Section showing healthy coffee leaf, thick epidermis.

ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS VOLUME XI

STEVENS FUNGI FROM COSTA RICA PLATE X

THE LIBRARY
OF WHE
CEVEBSITY OF ILLinals

239] FUNGI FROM COSTA RICA AND PANAMA—STEVENS 87

PLATE XI

88

Fig. 85.
Fig. 86.
Fig. 87.
Fig. 88.
Fig. 89.

Fig. 90.
Fig. 91.

ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS [240

Explanation of PLATE XI

Fig. 85, Phyllosticta coffeicola.

Drawing showing pycnidia, one merely subcuticular and other in the palisade tissue.
Fig. 86, Botryodiplodia sp.

Conidia, conidiophores and paraphyses.

Fig. 87, Septoria cavendishiae.
Section showing relation of pycnidium to host tissue.

Fig. 88, Stilbella proliferans.
Coremia showing mode of branching.
Figs. 89-91, Scenomyces parplexans.

The origin of a perithecium.
Detail of a portion of the above.
A perithecium (?) in section.

VOLUME XI

ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS

<I

FUNGI FROM COSTA RICA PLATE

STEVENS

THE LIBRARY
GF ie

COSVERSHY GF ELLINGIS

241] FUNGI FROM COSTA RICA AND PANAMA—STEVENS 89

PLATE XII

90

Fig. 92.
Fig. 93.
Fig. 94.
Fig. 95.

ILLINOIS BIOLGOICAL MONOGRAPHS

Explanation of PLATE XII
Figs. 92-95, Tryblidiella rufula.
Photograph showing ascigerous disks on the twig.
Same as Fig. 92, more enlarged.
Same as Fig. 92, but disks more open.
Photomicrograph of a disk in section.

[242

ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS VOLUME XI

STEVENS FUNGI FROM COSTA RICA PLATE XII

243] FUNGI FROM COSTA RICA AND PANAMA—STEVENS 91

PLATE XIII

92 ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS (244

Explanation of PLATE XIII

Figs. 96, 97, Acrospermum folitcolum.
Fig. 96. Showing habit on diseased leaves.
Fig. 97. Photomicrograph of perithecia.
Fig. 98. Pseudoparodiella vernoniae.
Fig. 98. Photograph of leaves showing colonies. Largest leaf 13 cm. long.
Fig. 99, Dimeriellopsis costaricensis.
Fig. 99. Photomicrograph showing perithecia and setae.
Fig. 100, Dimerina dodonaeae.
Fig. 100. Photomicrograph of a group of perithecia.

ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS VOLUME XxI

STEVENS FUNGI FROM COSTA RICA PLATE XIII

We LIBRARY

gf THE
URWERSITY OF jeLWers

245) FUNGI FROM COSTA RICA AND PANAMA—STEVENS 93

PLATE XIV

94 ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS [246

Explanation of PLATE XIV

Figs. 101, 102, Polystomella costaricensis.
Fig. 101. Photograph of a leaf showing stromata.
Fig. 102. Photograph of a stroma enlarged.
Figs. 103, 104, Rheuwmatopeltis querci.
Fig. 103. Photograph of a leaf showing thallus.
Fig. 104, Photograph of a spot showing the strap-shaped bands and the loculiferous stromata.

ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS VOLUME XI

103.

STEVENS FUNGI FROM COSTA RICA PLATE XIV

247]

FUNGI FROM COSTA RICA AND PANAMA—STEVENS

PLATE XV

95

96 ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS [248

Explanation of PLATE XV

Fig. 105, Hyperus costaricensis.
Fig. 105. Photograph of a group of perithecia.
Fig. 106, Trabutia xylosmae.
Fig. 106. Photograph of leaf showing stromata. Leaf 45 mm. long.
Fig. 107, Hypostigma polyadel pha.
Fig. 107. Photomicrograph showing a group of perithecia.
Fig. 108, Catacowma costaricensis.
Fig. 108. Photograph showing distribution of the stromata on the leaf. Actual length of leaf
10.5 cm.
Fig. 109, Catacauma zanthoxyli.
Fig. 109. Photograph of a leaf showing groups of stromata. Actual length of leaf 93 mm.

ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS VOLUME XI

STEVENS FUNGI FROM COSTA RICA PLATE XV

249]

FUNGI FROM COSTA RICA AND PANAMA—STEVENS

PLATE XVI

97

98

Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.

Fig.

110.

111,

112.

113.

114.

115.

ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS

Explanation of PLATE XVI

Fig. 110, Catacauma zanthoxyli.
Photograph of a single group of stromata enlarged.
Fig. 111, Phyllachora casimiroae.
Photograph of a leaf showing the stromata. Leaf 13.5 cm. long.
Fig. 112, Phyllachora icacoreae.
Photograph of leaf showing stromata.
Fig. 113, Phyllachora meibomiae.
Photograph of a leaf showing stromata.
Fig. 114, Scenomyces perplexans.
Photograph of a leaf showing the perithecia.
Fig. 115, Phyllachora stevensii.
Photomicrograph of a group of stromata.

[250

ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS VOLUME XI

114.
STEVENS FUNGI FROM COSTA RICA PLATE XVI

TRE Uipmany

SP ak ‘OF HE 1.

URVERSITY OF ILwaig
eu,

251) FUNGI FROM COSTA RICA AND PANAMA—STEVENS 99

PLATE XVII

100

16:

Babli

. 118.

Bali by,

. 120.

HAWG

ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS [252

Explanation of PLATE XVII

Fig. 116, Phyllachorella schistocarphae.
Photograph showing grouping of the punctiform stromata.
Fig. 117, 118, Pycnidiostroma eugeniae.
Photograph showing stromata on leaf.
Photomicrograph showing a single stroma with the row of pycnidial locules around
the edge.
Fig. 119, Otthiella fourcroyae.
Photomicrograph showing groups of perithecia.
Fig. 120, Mazzantia arundinellae.
Photograph of a portion of culm showing stromata.
Fig. 121, Phyllachora picramniae.
Photograph of leaves showing stromata.

ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS VOLUME XI

STEVENS FUNGI FROM COSTA RICA PLATE XVII

OF ME

~UBiWERSITY OF

253] FUNGI FROM COSTA RICA AND PANAMA—STEVENS 101

PLATE XVIII

102 ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS [254

Explanation of PLATE XVIII
Fig. 122, Phyllosticta coffetcola.
Fig. 122. Photomicrograph showing radiations on surface of diseased spot.
Figs. 123, 124, 125, Scenomyces perplexans.
Figs. 123, 124, 125. Photomicrographs of perithecia showing various numbers of rays.

VOLUME XI

ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS

FUNGI FROM COSTA RICA PLATE XVIII

STEVENS

THE LIBRARY qe THE
MAR 1 1098

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