L! W BIOLOGICAL REPORT 88(26.12) MAY 1988 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution NATIONAL LIST OF PLANT SPECIES THAT OCCUR IN WETLANDS: CARIBBEAN (REGION C) Fish and Wildlife Service In Cooperation with the National and Regional Interagency Review Panels i/562- u.S. Department of the Interior Biological Report 88 ( 26 . 12 ) May 1988 Supersedes WELUT-86/W13 . 12 NATIONAL LIST OF PLANT SPECIES THAT OCCUR IN WETLANDS: CARIBBEAN (REGION C) by Porter B. Reed, Jr. National Ecology Research Center U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Suite 101, Monroe Building 9720 Executive Center Drive St. Petersburg, FL 33702 for National Wetlands Inventory U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service In cooperation with the National and Regional Interagency Review Panels: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service U.S. Army Corps of Engineers U.S. Environmental Protection Agency U.S. Soil Conservation Service U.S. Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service Research and Development Washington, DC 20240 OGCUMFMT LIBRARY e Oceanography \nstitutu DEDICATION The National List of Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands is respectfully dedicated to Neil Hotchkiss and Francis M. Uhler, who made this work possible by their contributions to wetland botany and ecology. These two scientists focused their long and productive careers on the study of wetlands long before our current emphasis on wetland systems began. They aided in producing the Fish and Wildlife Service's first wetland classification system, developed initial lists and guidebooks to the wetland plants of the United States, and produced many studies on the ecology and management of wetlands and their value to wildlife. It is my sincere pleasure and humble gratitude to acknowledge the dependence of this current work on their long and untiring efforts. Suggested citation: Reed, P.B., Jr. 1988. National list of plant species that occur in wetlands: Caribbean (Region C) . U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Biol. Rep. 88(26.12) . 82 pp. CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS iv INTRODUCTION 1 DEVELOPMENT OF THE CURRENT LIST 2 REVIEW PANELS AND REVIEW PROCESS 4 COMPOSITION OF THE LISTS 7 DIGITAL DATA BASE AVAILABILITY 13 REGIONAL INDICATORS 15 TRINOMIALS 32 SYNONYMY 34 CARIBBEAN TREES 46 CARIBBEAN SHRUBS 50 CARIBBEAN WOODY VINES 53 CARIBBEAN FORBS 55 CARIBBEAN GRASSES 63 CARIBBEAN GRASSLIKES 66 CARIBBEAN FERNS & ALLIES 70 CARIBBEAN AQUATICS 73 LITERATURE CITED 75 APPENDIXES A. Review Procedure 76 B. Instructions for Completing the Review Sheet for Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands 77 C. Review Sheet for Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands 78 D. Interagency Review Panel Members and Regional Reviewers 79 in ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The National List of Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands (hereafter referred to as the National List) is the result of the collective efforts of a large number of dedicated biologists. Special recognition and thanks are extended to the many people who contributed to the successful completion of this project. The National Wetlands Inventory, especially John Montanari and William Wilen, provided the funding and administrative support necessary for the development of the National List and coordination of the review effort. The other Federal agencies, especially William Sipple, John Meagher, and Dave Davis of the Environmental Protection Agency, Robert Pierce, Richard Macomber, and Dana Sanders of the Corps of Engineers, and Billy Teels and Carl Thomas of the Soil Conservation Service, provided much needed funding to aid development of the Annotated National Wetland Plant Species Data Base and technical support through their agency biologists' participation in the review effort. Special recognition and appreciation is extended to Lewis Cowardin who conceived the need for the National List, supervised the compilation of the initial draft list, and provided invaluable advice and direction during the initial phase of the project. The contribution of the authors of the almost 300 regional and State floras and regional wetland manuals used in compiling the Annotated National Wetland Plant Species Data Base is gratefully acknowledged . The development of the National List was greatly facilitated by the dedicated staff who contributed over 50 person years to compile the Annotated National Wetland Plant Species Data Base. This data base provided a solid information base from which the National List was derived. This staff included Karen E. Amidei, James G. Armstrong, Sheryl A. Brenner, Steven I. Candileri, Mark A. Charneski, Diana Fry, Thomas B. Gunter, Lillian A. Gustafson, Iris A. Kendall, Mary E. Klee, Annie L. Kosvanec, David R. Lindsey, Stephen Mortellaro, Kent A. Moyer, Laura E. Pittman, Donald R. Richardson, Richard N. Rowse, Angela F. Salem, Deana Ulmer, Sheri A. Ulrich, Sandra M. Upchurch, Diane Wallace, Debora L. Wegner, August M. Wooten and Kevin R. Youngberg. This landmark effort to collect much of the taxonomic and ecological information about wetland plants into a textual computer data base was a protracted and extremely tedious task. It was truly a pleasure to work with such a productive and conscientious group. IV A special debt is owed to the regional ecologists who so generously gave of their time and experience in reviewing the lists. Their review helped to refine the information presented in the botanical manuals and in many cases provided the only and often best description of the ecology of many plant species. The National List would not be as accurate and complete if it were not for the enormous amount of review so generously provided by the regional reviewers . State distributions and common names provided by John Kartesz from unpublished data bases allowed the production of accurate State lists and common name assignments for almost all species. The high quality and completeness of the National List is in large part due to the data provided by John Kartesz from the Biota of North America Program. The composition and pleasing format of the lists is largely due to the computer skills of Greg Auble of the National Ecology Research Center and to the untiring and conscientious efforts of Iris Kendall of the National Wetlands Inventory. The contributions of the many National and regional review panel members is gratefully acknowledged. These biologists represented their agencies in a technically competent and thoroughly professional manner. The strength of the Regional lists and Indicator assignments is largely due to the diverse background of the review panel members and a firm desire by all to make the process work. The unswerving resolve and determination displayed by all the review panels to complete each phase of the task during the marathon regional review panel meetings was truly inspiring. Well over 200 weeks of staff time was contributed by the review panel members . It has been a pleasure to coordinate this effort and to work so closely with so many dedicated and professional biologists. The credit and recognition for the completion of this task applies equally to all who contributed so much. As compiler, I must necessarily take the responsibility for any transcription errors which may have occurred during the production of this report. The extensive use of the National List has made the entire effort professionally satisfying for all who have contributed. INTRODUCTION The National List of Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands (hereafter referred to as the National List) represents the combined efforts of many biologists over the last decade to define the wetland flora of the United States. The National List has undergone a number of revisions based on intensive review by regional ecologists. National, regional, and State lists are being distributed to provide users with the most current information. We welcome and encourage modification and improvement of the National List. Refinement of the National List will occur continually, reflecting increased knowledge in Indicator assignments, taxonomy, and geographic distribution. We anticipate that further refinement of the National List will lead to additional infra-specific and subregional Indicator assignments. Review documents and procedures are included with the National List to aid and encourage additional review (Appendix A) . The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service initially developed the National List in order to provide an appendix to the Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States (Cowardin et al. 1979) to assist in the field identification of wetlands. Plant species that occur in wetlands as used in the National List are defined as species that have demonstrated an ability (presumably because of morphological and/or physiological adaptations and/or reproductive strategies) to achieve maturity and reproduce in an environment where all or portions of the soil within the root zone become, periodically or continuously, saturated or inundated during the growing season (adapted from Huffman 1981). The development of the National List changed significantly when a cooperative review effort was established by the major Federal agencies involved in wetland identification and management. The utility of the National List goes far beyond a simple catalog of wetland plants. The Fish and Wildlife Service, in cooperation with North Carolina State University, has produced a weighted average procedure for using the wetland Indicator assignments of individual species to assist in determining the probability that a community is a wetland (Wentworth and Johnson 1986). This procedure is used by the Soil Conservation Service to aid in the determination of wetlands included under the conservation provisions of the Food Security Act of 1985. The Fish and Wildlife Service, Army Corps of Engineers, Environmental Protection Agency, and Soil Conservation Service use the National List to aid in identifying wetlands falling under their various wetland program responsibilities as specified in the Federal Manual for Identifying and Delineating Jurisdictional Wetlands (Federal Interagency Committee for Wetland Delineation 1989). DEVELOPMENT OF CURRENT LIST The Fish and Wildlife Service recognized that accessory lists of hydrophytes (plant species that occur in wetlands) and hydric soils would need to be developed to apply the wetland classification system accurately and consistently in the field. The scientific names of the plant species included in the major wetland plant lists and manuals were collected and merged into a single computerized list with those species on the National List of Scientific Plant Names (U.S. Department of Agriculture 1971) that had emergent, floating, or submergent life forms. This initial list of 1,626 species, completed in March 1976, was obviously incomplete, and was especially deficient in plant species from the western United States and the Alaska, Caribbean, and Hawaii regions. Dr. Donovan Correll, Fairchild Tropical Garden, Miami, Florida, reviewed this initial list in 1977 and suggested many additional species for inclusion. Dr. Correll 's additions were combined with the initial list, and a draft list of 4,235 species was developed in 1977. This draft list, although plagued by problems of plant nomenclature and synonymy, was remarkably complete, considering the small amount of time which had been spent on its development . Review and refinement of this draft list has continued since 1977. Initial tasks were to maintain and improve computer storage and retrieval of the draft list information, align the listed species with a national taxonomic treatment, and subdivide the species according to their fidelity to wetlands. The importance of the development of an accurate National List of Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands to the Federal community and the need to substantiate the occurrence of these plant species in wetlands from the botanical literature led the Fish and Wildlife Service to begin development of the Annotated National Wetland Plant Species Data Base. This textual data base documents the taxonomy, distribution, and ecology of each species based on a synthesis of almost 300 National and regional wetland plant and botanical manuals representing the major State and regional floras. Computer storage of the Annotated National Wetland Plant Species Data Base allowed for the efficient maintenance of the initial National List and creation of early draft regional subdivisions of the National List. Data collection for the Annotated National Wetland Plant Species Data Base for all plant species was completed in 1987, but incorporation of this information into a single data base on the National Wetlands Inventory minicomputer remains to be accomplished. The species data base is presently stored on a microcomputer. Information on the data base and preliminary species listings or data reports from the Annotated National Wetland Plant Species Data Base can be obtained from the National Wetlands Inventory, St. Petersburg, Florida. The Soil Conservation Service, through a contract to the Smithsonian Institution, produced a revised National List of Scientific Plant Names in 1982 (U.S. Department of Agriculture 1982.) This national treatment provided a standard nomenclature for the National List of Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands, supplied a listing of synonyms linked to the accepted names, and updated the regional distribution of each species. The Soil Conservation Service list was selected as the taxonomic standard in order to facilitate the eventual correlation of the National List of Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands with the Hydric Soils of the United States (U.S. Department of Agriculture 1987) . Copies of the National List of Scientific Plant Names (1982) are available from the State offices of the Soil Conservation Service. A wetland fidelity rating system was created during the initial development of the Annotated National Wetland Plant Species Data Base. Early coding of verbatim habitat from the botanical manuals for a wide variety of plant species indicated that an obvious separation of obligate (restricted to wetlands) and facultative (not restricted to wetlands) species could be made. Further refinement led to subdivision of the facultative category into three subcategories, with a range of percent occurrences in wetland versus nonwetland applied to each subcategory to enhance user understanding and consistent application. The ecological information obtained from the botanical manuals during data collection for the development of the Annotated National Wetland Plant Species Data Base led to the identification and addition to the National List of many additional species for which at least one manual reported the species occurring in an obvious wetland site. The National List had increased as a result of this process to 5,244 species in 1982, 6,042 species in 1986, and presently is composed of 6,728 plant species. REVIEW PANELS AND REVIEW PROCESS The desire of the Federal agencies involved in wetland identification and delineation for a Federal list of plant species that occur in wetlands led to the suggestion by the Fish and Wildlife Service that a review process be established similar to that developed to review the Hydric Soils of the United States (U.S. Department of Agriculture 1987). In early 1983, the Fish and Wildlife Service formally requested that the Army Corps of Engineers, Environmental Protection Agency, and Soil Conservation Service participate cooperatively in an interagency review and development of a National List of Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands. Each agency nominated staff wetland ecologists with a strong background in wetland botany to a National Interagency Review Panel. Two organizational meetings were held in the summer of 1983 to determine the responsibilities and goals of the National and Regional Interagency Review Panels and the structure of the review process. The four Federal agencies also nominated staff wetland ecologists to represent them on each of the Regional Review Panels. Selection and appointment of the Regional Interagency Review Panel representatives was completed by each agency by the spring of 1984. All four agencies have been represented on most Review Panels, with some change in agency representatives occurring through the years . Initial organizational meetings for all the conterminous United States Regional Interagency Review Panels were held in 1984. The regional review process was discussed, and review materials were developed. Potential reviewers, principally field botanists and ecologists associated with State and Federal agencies and universities, were identified for each region, and the responsibility for contacting the potential regional reviewers was partitioned among the Review Panel members . Regional reviewers were contacted during the summer and fall of 1984 to determine if they could review the list and return their review comments by the winter of 1984-85. Regional reviewers were sent the most current copy of the regional list (dated September 1982) during the summer and fall of 1984. The Regional review lists contained, for many species, a tentative Indicator assignment developed from the data collected for the Annotated National Wetland Plant Species Data Base. All the Regional Review Panels met during the spring of 1985 to consider the review provided by the regional ecologists. A total of 142 ecologists and botanists from across the country initially reviewed the 1982 lists. The number of reviewers varied from 10 to 30 per region. Regional reviewers assigned a wetland Indicator to as many species as possible, based upon their field experience, using Cowardin et al. (1979) for the definition of a wetland. The Regional Interagency Review Panels examined the Indicator assignments suggested by each reviewer and any additional supporting documentation which reviewers provided. Each of the Regional Review Panel members independently synthesized the review received and developed a regional Indicator assignment for each species based upon all the regional review and information gathered about the species. The tentative Indicator assignment developed from the Annotated National Wetland Plant Species Data Base often was regarded as the equivalent of a regional reviewer's assignment and was given the same status or weight in Review Panel deliberations. The Regional Review Panel collectively considered Indicator assignments for each species made by each agency panel member and, with each agency having one vote, attempted to achieve unanimous agreement on a Regional Indicator assignment. The plus (+) and minus (-) designations, specifying respectively the higher or lower part of the frequency range for a particular Indicator, were used by some Review Panels as a means of achieving interagency agreement. The number of reviewers for each species varied considerably, and each reviewer was generally given the same weight by a Review Panel . The number of reviewers commenting on individual species varied, depending on the distribution of the species across the region. Particular species ranged from 20 review comments to only a single review, and in some cases received no review. Review reflecting a wide range of suggested Indicators was received for some species. This broad range of suggested Indicators for these species was difficult to synthesize and blend into a single Indicator status. These species were given an NA (no agreement) assignment if the Review Panel could not reach a unanimous decision. Unreviewed species were assigned an NI (no indicator) assignment if the Review Panel had little or no information on which to base an Indicator status . The National Review Panel met in July 1985 to review progress, to examine the Indicator assignments for consistency across regions, and to develop a procedure for the assignment of an Indicator to as many unassigned species as possible. National, regional, and State lists of plant species that Occur in Wetlands were produced in the spring of 1986, and were distributed widely. The Regional Review Panels met during the summer and fall of 1986 to apply an Indicator assignment to as many remaining unassigned species as possible. The Review Panels principally relied on additional review received from former and new reviewers, the habitat information recorded in the Annotated National Wetland Plant Species Data Base, or examination of the habitat given in selected regional manuals if the Species Data Base information was not available, to assign a regional Indicator status. An asterisk (*) was assigned by the Regional Review Panels to Indicators derived from limited ecological information. The asterisk reflected a tentative assignment made with less confidence and data than the other Indicator assignments. Usually no review was received from regional ecologists for these asterisked species. A question mark (?) following a National Indicator denoted a tentative Indicator assignment assigned by the compiler and not confirmed by Regional Interagency Review Panel concurrence. The 1986 National Wetland Plant List - Regional Indicator Compilation (Reed 1986) reported the status of the review process. The National Review Panel reexamined the review process and current list in 1986 and directed the Regional Panels to complete the review of the regional lists . The Regional Review Panels met during the spring and summer of 1987 to complete the initial assignment of as many unassigned species remaining on the regional lists as possible. The Review Panels also considered species suggested for addition by reviewers . Additional Regional Indicator assignments and changes to previous assignments were made based on new review received from reviewers, ecological information from the Annotated National Wetland Plant Species Data Base, or information from botanical manuals . The task of the Regional Interagency Review Panels was to interpret and synthesize reviewers' comments and the range of habitat descriptions given for each species by the various authors of the botanical manuals into a single wetland Indicator category for their regions. There was an overwhelming similarity of independent Indicator assignments made by both the reviewers, based on their field experience, and the Regional Review Panel members, based on the habitat expressed in the botanical literature. This repeatability of Indicator assignments derived in a variety of ways by ecologists with a wide variety of backgrounds confirmed that the Indicators were both reproducible and defensible. The Regional Review Panels were able to assign, with the highest degree of confidence, Indicators to those species which had been reviewed by a number of regional reviewers and also had a large literature base. The comparability of the Indicator designations is also demonstrated by the large number of species (6,114 species, 91% of the species assigned an Indicator) that were assigned only a single Indicator or a narrow range of Indicators by the independently functioning Regional Review Panels. An analysis of the National Indicator range shows that 483 species (7%) were assigned an NI (no indicator), and 675 species (10%) have a question mark following the Indicator. The question mark signifies a tentative assignment. An analysis of the Regional Indicators for all regions shows that an * was added to 729 Regional Indicators and an NA was assigned to 28 species. The National List of Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands represents our progress to date and is provided both for current use and as a base for future revisions. COMPOSITION OF THE LISTS The National, regional, and State lists are reported in a variety of formats. All of the lists are initially arranged alphabetically by scientific name followed by a second list, also alphabetical by scientific name, of those species with infra-specific (subspecies, variety, or form) Indicator assignments. A third list, alphabetic by scientific name, provides a list of synonyms related to the equivalent accepted name shown in the alphabetical scientific name list. The State lists also contain a fourth compilation, following the synonymy report, of the species found in each State, alphabetized by common name and subdivided into eight separate lists by life form (trees, shrubs, woody vines, forbs, grasses, grasslikes [sedges and rushes], ferns and allies, and aquatics). Nomenclature and distribution follow the National List of Scientific Plant Names (1982) except as modified by State distribution data from an unpublished plant species geographic data base (Kartesz) . Epiphytic (e.g., mistletoes and some orchids) and nonrooted species (e.g., dodder) were excluded from the National List because their roots were respectively either never exposed to ground-level soil conditions or were not in existence during all or part of the plant's life span. The current National List contains only vascular plants, but a companion list of Bryophytes (mosses and liverworts) that occur in wetlands is being developed to further define the wetland flora of the United States. The Algae have also been excluded from the current list. Listings of the members of the National and appropriate Regional Interagency Review Panels and the regional reviewers are included at the end of each list (Appendix D) . Not all categories listed below are displayed in each National, regional, or State report. The National alphabetical scientific name list is reported by SCI-NAME, NAT-IND, R1IND, R2IND, R3IND, R4IND, R5IND, R6IND, R7IND, R8IND, R9IND, ROIND, RAIND, RCIND, RHIND, and REGION. The National trinomial list is reported by SCI-NAME, TRINOM, R1IND, R2IND, R3IND, R4IND, R5IND, R6IND, R7IND, R8IND, R9IND, ROIND, RAIND, RCIND, RHIND, and REGION. The National, regional, and State synonym lists are reported by SYNONYMY, SCI-NAME, AUTHOR, and REGION. The regional and State alphabetical scientific name lists are reported by NAT-IND, R_IND, GENUS-SPECIES-AUTHOR, COMMON NAME, HABIT and REGION. The regional and State trinomial lists are reported by SCI-NAME, AUTHOR, TRINOM, R_IND, NAT-IND, and HABIT. The State alphabetical common-name lists are reported within life forms (HABIT) by NAT-IND, R_IND, COMMON NAME, SYMBOL, GENUS- SPECIES-AUTHOR, and HABIT. The information in these lists is presented in the following categories. A brief definition of the categories reported in the various lists is given below: SYMBOL Symbol assigned in the National List of Scientific Plant Names (1982), consisting of the first two letters of the genus name and the first two letters of the specific epithet, with additional numbers added in numeric sequence to the four-letter symbol to break ties. Tentative plant symbols for species not in the National List of Scientific Plant Names (1982) have been created by taking the first two letters of the genus and specific epithet, adding a numeric tie breaker, if necessary, and ending with a question mark. All species have a unique symbol . SCI-NAME (Scientific Name) The genus and species applied to the taxon by the National List of Scientific Plant Names (1982). AUTHOR The author of the scientific name as cited by the National List of Scientific Plant Names (1982). GENUS-SPECIES-AUTHOR (Scientific Name and Author) The genus, specific epithet, and author applied to the taxon by the National List of Scientific Plant Names (1982). TRINOM (Trinomial) Varieties, subspecies, or forms which differ in Indicator assignment from the species. SYNONYMY Alternate scientific names applied to the species by major regional or State floras. NAT-IND (National Range Of Indicators) The National Indicators reflect the range of estimated probabilities (expressed as a frequency of occurrence) of a species occurring in wetland versus nonwetland across the entire distribution of the species. A frequency, for example, of 67%-99% (Facultative Wetland) means that 67%-99% of sample plots containing the species randomly selected across the range of the species would be wetland. A question mark (?) following an Indicator denotes a tentative assignment based on the botanical literature and not confirmed by regional review. When two indicators are given, they reflect the range from the lowest to the highest frequency of occurrence in wetlands across the regions in which the species is found. A positive (+) or negative (-) sign was used with the Facultative Indicator categories to more specifically define the regional frequency of occurrence in wetlands . The positive sign indicates a frequency toward the higher end of the category (more frequently found in wetlands), and a negative sign indicates a frequency toward the lower end of the category (less frequently found in wetlands). Indicator Categories Obligate Wetland (OBL) . Occur almost always (estimated probability >99%) under natural conditions in wetlands. Facultative Wetland (FACW) ♦ Usually occur in wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in no nwet lands . Facultative (FAC). Equally likely to occur in wetlands or nonwetlands (estimated probability 34%-66%). Facultative Upland (FACU) . Usually occur in nonwetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in wetlands (estimated probability l%-33%). Obligate Upland (UPL) . Occur in wetlands in another region, bat occur almost always (estimated probability >99%) under natural conditions in nonwetlands in the region specified. If a species does not occur in wetlands in any region, it is not on the National List. The wetland Indicator categories should not be equated to degrees of wetness. Many obligate wetland species occur in permanently or semipermanently flooded wetlands, but a number of obligates also occur and some are restricted to wetlands which are only temporarily or seasonally flooded. The facultative upland species include a diverse collection of plants which range from weedy species adapted to exist in a number of environmentally stressful or disturbed sites (including wetlands) to species in which a portion of the gene pool (an ecotype) always occurs in wetlands. Both the weedy and ecotype representatives of the facultative upland category occur in seasonally and semipermanently flooded wetlands. R_IND (Regional Indicator) The estimated probability (likelihood) of a species occurring in wetlands versus nonwetlands in the region. Regional Indicators reflect the unanimous agreement of the Regional Interagency Review Panel. If a regional panel was not able to reach a unanimous decision on a species, NA (no agreement) was recorded in the regional indicator (R_IND) field. An NI (no indicator) was recorded for those species for which insufficient information was available to determine an indicator status. A nonoccurrence (NO) designation indicates that the species does not occur in that region. An asterisk (*) following a regional Indicator identifies tentative assignments based on limited information from which to determine the indicator status. In the listings for the States divided into two regions (Montana, Wyoming, and Colorado), both regional Indicators are reported. REGION The distribution of the species expressed by the regional codes used in the National List of Scientific Plant Names (1982). These code numbers and regions are displayed in Figure 1 . REGION CODE 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 A C H REGION Northeast Southeast North Central North Plains Central Plains South Plains Southwest Intermountain Northwest California Alaska Caribbean Hawaii STATE (S) IN REGION ME,NH/VT,MA,CT,RI,WV,KY,NY, PA, N J , MD , DE , VA, OH NC,SC,GA,FL,TN,AL,MS,LA,AR MO,IA,MN,MI,WI,IL,IN ND,SD,MT( Eastern) ,WY( Eastern) NE , KS , CO ( Eastern ) TX,OK AZ,NM NV,UT, CO (Western) WA,OR,ID,MT(Western) , WY(Western) CA AK PR(Puerto Rico), VI(U.S. Virgin Isls.), CZ (Canal Zone), SQ (Swan Isls.) HI (Hawaiian Isls.), AQ(American Samoa), GU(Guam), IQ(U.S. Misc. Pacific Isls, MQ( Midway Isls.), TQ( Trust territories of the Pacific Isls.), WQ(Wake Isl.), YQ(Ryukyu Isls. Southern) ) 10 < ID cc < z +J so CO H CD cu OC < u o •H •H ■P C cu o CO H-ll ol (0 •H c o •H ■P (0 s Q) +J O o •H ■P =J .Q •H H P (0 •H T3 «H o c ~ O cn •H 00 0) .H PS ~ 11 COMMON NAME A popular name applied to the species. Common name selection generally follows Common Names for North American Plants (Kartesz and Thieret, in press), but some common names follow the current common name list maintained by the Soil Conservation Service. HABIT The plant characteristics and life forms assigned to each species in the National List of Scientific Plant Names (1982) and by the Soil Conservation Service. Family names are listed alphabetically under specific life forms restricted to these families. CHARACTERISTIC CHARACTERISTIC CODE OR LIFE FORM CODE OR LIFE FORM A Annual G = Grass B Biennial POACEAE C Clubmoss LYCOPODIACEAE SELAGINELLACEAE GL Grass like CYPERACEAE JUNCACEAE E Emergent H = Partly woody e Epiphytic HS = Half shrub F Forb H2 = Horsetail / Floating EQUISETACEAE F3 Fern I = Introduced ADIANTACEAE N = Native ASPLENIACEAE P = Perennial BLECHNACEAE + = Parasitic CYATHEACEAE P3 = Pepperwort DAVALLIACEAE MARSILEACEAE DENNSTAEDTIACEAE Q = Quillwort GLEICHENIACEAE ISOETACEAE GRAMMI T I DACEAE S = Shrub HYMENOPHYLLACEAE - = Saprophytic MARATTIACEAE z = Submerged OPHIOGLOSSACEAE $ = Succulent OSMUNDACEAE T = Tree PARKERIACEAE V = Herbaceous Vine POLYPODIACEAE W = Waterfern PSILOTACEAE AZOLLACEAE SCHIZAEACEAE SALVINIACEAE wv = Woody vine The HABIT codes are combined to describe the life form of the species (e.g., ANG means annual native grass, IT means introduced tree) . 12 DIGITAL DATA BASE AVAILABILITY The National List of Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands is maintained in a microcomputer data base. This data base was created to track and document the decisions made by the Regional Interagency Review Panels and to facilitate generation of National, regional and State reports. Regional subdivisions of the data base and a suggested data base management system are available on floppy diskettes from Colorado State University as self-directed tutorials. A description of the tutorials and procedures for ordering are given below. WE 101 13 Regional Subdivisions of National List of Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands Data Base This self-directed tutorial includes a data base handbook and a regional subdivision of the data base information on floppy disks in ASCII format. You use your own IBM-compatible microcomputer and data base management system to store and manipulate the regional information. This data base was developed using QUICKTEXT software. We recommend the use of QUICKTEXT (see QT100) for managing the wetland databases. The data base of 6,728 plant species is contained in 13 regional subdivisions. The number of plant species in each region is given below. The course is offered for IBM AT/XT compatible computers running MS-DOS 2.0 or higher. Storage requirements to load and operate an entire regional data set range from 2-7 floppy diskettes. Tuition: $150/course (regional subdivision) . Number of Course Title Species 101.1 Northeast 2,869 101.2 Southeast 3,326 101.3 North Central 2,357 101.4 North Plains 1,200 101.5 Central Plains 1,523 101.6 South Plains 2,256 101.7 Southwest 1,429 101.8 Intermountain 1,629 101.9 Northwest 2,073 101.10 California 1,933 101.11 Alaska 1,037 101.12 Caribbean 895 101.13 Hawaii 1,043 13 QT 100 Data Base Management Techniques This course is offered as a self -directed study package; you use your own personal computer and learn at your own pace. It emphasizes information management for fish and wildlife professionals . Course materials include a fully operational data base management and reporting system called QUICKTEXT packaged with a complete user's manual and sample data bases. QUICKTEXT was chosen because it is specifically designed to handle information characteristic of resource management activities, that is, information having a high probability to change either in substance or organization. For the person new to data base management, the course will be valuable regardless of what data base management system might be used. Users of other data base management systems will find QUICKTEXT 's ability to handle non-routine tasks a refreshing change from the rigidly-structured applications most other systems require. Users of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's MANAGE, a mainframe data base management system, are already familiar with the concepts, terms and data structures used in QUICKTEXT. These users will also learn how to move data bases between mainframes and personal computers. If interest arises, an 8-hour, 1-day course will be offered to address specific applications. The course is offered for a wide variety of personal and professional computers using PC-DOS or MS-DOS. It requires 128K of memory and at least two floppy disk drives. Tuition: $50. To register for either of these courses, please contact: Henrietta Cull inane Office of Conference Services Rockwell Hall, Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO 80523 (303) 491-7767 Registration should include the name of the desired course as well as indication of the preferred method of payment. Please make all remittance payable to Colorado State University. 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