er Sree tT Pome sctsan tome oy aawehoee tReet ace Ronee ee ee fare qe eet ew te are NS ee a te AR te ee ae ee See ee ee ete Ne eee eS tone Tere ae ne tet t e Ret se eg te he my Senge ae ey ele ne ee A ee Fy ele a tee nt ee ee eae a tag ee a ae ein gy ee mm tapi an Nahe et i phe - > Poor tatagh Te cet awning &- _ a © . ~ ~- : “ seen - res a RN em ine ~ ® aa Dotan cee ~ 5 en = > 5 —~ - a Me he ea ee er ool +s tone " > - . 7 nT ae er pO . . . B ae - ae M : . — ae * — - % Late phan GinaTete 5 ta Fa oe ee Se ee eet 6 arene es Taga ES, gp tee tan ae enter meg ate Pen ee et tet 8 ee ete - a! ee ha SA es ain ee eS ee ee ve eee . - - 4 -- - ~ “ ~ ~ 7 - —_ "8, a a r - — — “ —_* Ali : eed “2 . ae Soe Sees = - Laan = meget aN - - ~ - “ + i lS re en wre eg a a a ay be anew rt © “. - . - LIBRARY OF THE Museum of Comparative Zoology i ) ' =! ‘ = il THE OBJECT OF THIS MAGAZINE IS TO MAKE NORTH AMERICA THE BIGGEST GAME PRODUCING COUNTRY IN THE WORLD alin A Hise it Truly we need a revolution of Thought ANA a revival COMUNO/N) SCNISE, =) THE GAME: CONSERVATION Ew YORK CITY U.S mi uel sD mM Sy & | dtl it E= )) NIM HN The a i PROFIT AND SATISFACTION lie in the number of pouits you rear. Thousands die before they are two weeks old+the résult of indigestible and innutritious food. A. SPRATT'S GAME FOOD -—— AND—— / PHEASANT MEALS will reduce the percentage of mortality to a minimum and will make Game Breeding a pleasure. SPRATT’S GHICGRAIN contains no salvage grains, field corn, weed seeds, oyster shell or grit and is undoubtedly the best and cheapest food on the market. Birds fed on CHICGRAIN will have strength and stamina and will mature quickly. LIBRARY HARVARD UNIVERSITY Below is a partial list of Game Focds manufactured by SIIRAMISD'S o=— SPRATT’S PHEASANT FOOD No. 3 (For Adult Birds). ~ SPRATT’S PHEASANT MEAL No. 12 (For Pheasant, Partridge and Quail Chicks). SPRATT’S PHEASANT MEAL No. 5 (For Young Pheasants). SPRATT’S MAXCO (The most nourishing food obtainable). SPRATT’S PRAIRIE MEAT “CRISSEL” (Takes the place of Ants’ Eggs and is a perfect substitute for insect life). SPRATT’S WILD DUCK MEAL (The best food for Ducklings). SPRATT’S WILD DUCK MANNA (A strong nourishing food). Send 25 Cents for “PHEASANT CULTURE” : “POULTRY CULTURE” sent on receipt of 10 Cents. SPRATT’S PATENT LIMITED Factory and Chief Offices at NEWARK, N. J. THE GAME BREEDER Here’s The Steel It gets the load to the target quicker— It protects gun and shooter— And It’s Found Only In emimne¢cton RO GEOL SPEED SHELLS The Steel Lining is one of those simple but fundamental discoveries that come along now and again, and revolutionize standards all along the line. You know how it works out, in practice, at traps or in the field—the shot thrown faster, getting quicker to the marks; a shorter lead on your bird; an easier feeling about angles—less guess-work on the quartering bird or the “on-comer”’. Many a dealer sells nothing else in Shot shells—has no demand for anything else. Whatever make of gun a man shoots, whether a Remington-UMC or some other standard arm, he is more than likely to shoot one or the other of these Remington-UMC Shells—the “Arrow” or the “ Nitro Club”. Remington Arms-Union Metallic Cartridge Co. 299 Broadway, New York City 2 THE GAME BREEDER For 50 YEARS PARKER GUNS have led all other makes in dura- bility and efficiency among trap and field shooters. With a range of price from $27.50 to $525, it fits all purses. QUALITY is the dominant feature in all grades of the PARKER GUN. Booklet on 20 Bores free. Catalog on application to PARKER BROS., Meriden, Conn. 32 were. st Wire--Coops-- Traps and other appliances for _ GAME FARMS and PRESERVES Strong heavy coops and fenders which will not blow over. , : eI Wire, all sizes, for Deer, Pheasants, Ducks, Quail and other game. SUPPLY DEPARTMENT THE GAME BREEDER 150 Nassau Street, New York THE GAME BREEDER | 3 THE AMATEUR TRAINER By Ed. F. Haberlein A practical trainer of over 30 years’ experience, whose system is up to date and stands unequaled. New Edition Just Out. Illustrated. A lain, practical and concise, yet thorough guide in the art of training, handling and the correcting of faults of the bird dog subservient to the gun afield. Written especially for the novice, but equally valuable to the experienced handler. By following the instructions plainly given, every shooter possessed of a little common sense and patience can train his own dogs to perfection. Paper cover, $1.00; best full cloth binding and gold embossed, $1.50. Address THE GAME BREEDER, 150 Nassau Street, N. Y. AIDIC Smokeless Shotgun Powder In Loaded Shells of practically all makes Our Feathered Game you can get Infallible. Ask for it the next time A HANDBOOK OF you buy shells. If you are interested in trapshooting write for our American Game Birds | | :!s:c2te,. 2842, reading. Address BY DWIGHT,W. HUNTINGTON. HERCULES POWDER CO. Ves Illustrations—Shooting Pictures Wilmington, Del. ete in color and Portraits of all $2 00 American Game Birds : HERCULES POWDER CO. Heating and Cooking Stoves for Clubs and Cottages The Camp Cook Stove This is an ideal cook stove for the Mining, Lumber and Military Camps; will work just as well in the open air as indoors. Construction Companies working large gangs of men will find this well suited to their requirements. A FEW OF THE LEADING STOVES FURNISHED Radnor Ranges Home Victor Hot Water Stoves Index Heating Stoves Our Friend Cook Stoves Home Victor Ranges Farmer Girl Cook Solar Kent Heating Sentry Wood Stoves Victor Cook Dobule Oven New H. A. Elm Double Heaters Stoves Home Victor Cellar Furnaces . Ranges Vulcan Double Heaters Prompt Ranges Home Cellar Furnaces Hotel Ranges Tropic Sun Heating Stoves Cozy Ranges Victor Cellar Furnaces Royal Victor Ranges Haddon Hercules Heating Stoves Victor Cook Ranges Victor Solar Cellar Furnaces No. ro Ironsides Cook Ormond Ranges Loyal Victor Ranges Farmer’s Furnaces and | Patrol Wood Stove No. 15 Hot Blast Heating Stoves Victor Hotel Ranges Cauldrons No. go Ironsides Victor Gem Cook Elm Ranges ; i Haddon Ranges Laundry Stoves Farmer Boy Cook Stoves Manufactured by S. V. REEVES, 45 N. 2nd St., Philadelphia, Pa. ae THE GAME BREEDER CONTENTS Survey of the Field—Charles Hallock, Portrait—The Machold Bill—Pheas- ant Breeding in Ohio—The Prices of, Pheasants in New York—Game Breeding in Canada—The Sale of Trout and the Price of Tags—An Emblem of Fairness—His Honor, Mayor Viles—Gardner’s Island—Our Vanishing Wild Hares—Game Tags— Migratory Bird Law Unconsti- tutional—Our Vanishing Jacks. . A Peculiar Fox Hunt at a Quail Club - - - H. J. Montanus A New Jersey Pheasantry, and Comment on New York Laws - «« Philadelphia Record” The Bob-White in Oregon - - - - - Wm. L. Findley A Pheasant-Bantam Hybrid - - - - - H. J. Wheeler Pond Fish Culture - - - - 2 - - Prof. L, L. Dyche Yet to Be Landed. Poem - - - - Hon. M. D. Baldwin Game Enemies—Foxes and Partridges - - - | + JSS SRenver The Game Breeders’ Department - - - - By Our Readers Pheasant Breeding, by Spencer Brothers—Breeding Pin Tails, Teal and other Fowl, by C. J. Harris—Hatching Pheasants, by Joseph J. Demenkow —Pheasant-Bantams, by W.N. Dirks Editorials—The Attitude of the Camp Fire Club—Wrong End First— Gratifying Requests—Quail on Toast—Increasing Prejudice—A Warm Ration—Excitement Correspondence—Trade Notes, Etc. To THE GAME BREEDER, 150 Nassau Street, New York. Please enter my name as a contributing member of The Game Conservation Society and send me its publication, THE GAM BREEDER, for one year. $1.00 enclosed. N. B.—Write Name and Street Address plainly and state if you wish back numbers of the magazine to the first of the year. Tt Game Breeder VOLUME VII APRIL, 1915 NUMBER J <=) SURVEY OF THE FIELD. Charles Hallock. We received recently the two pictures of Charles Hallock, reproduced in this Issue; one of them was made quite re- cently. Sportsmen should remember that the success of the “more game” Movement which promises quickly to make America the biggest game produc- ing country in the world, is largely due to the influence of Charles Hallock, the dean of American sportsmen. The Machold Bill. The bill permitting the sale in New York of game produced by breeders in other States upon the same terms that trout from other States are now sold in New York, was discussed March 9, be- fore the Assembly Committee at Albany. Since the announcement had been made that the hearing would be held on the ‘10th a number who would have attended from other states did not come. The Editor of The Game Breeder pointed out the common sense features of the measure; referred to the great industry of game breeding which had resulted in the production of hundreds of thousands of deer and game birds during the last few years and insisted that the breeders in other states should have the same right to sell their food in the New York market that the New York breeders have. The receipts from tags, he said, indicated that hundreds of thousands of dollars were sent abroad for cold storage game and that this money should go to American game farmers, and that it would result in “more game” being produced in the United States. Mr. Marshall McLean said he repre- sented the Camp Fire Club and that the club was opposed to the bill. Mr. Mack- ennen, chairman of the Fish and Game Commission, said it would be impossible to save the wild life of New York if the outside breeders were permitted to sell game. He evidently impressed the Com- mittee with the idea that it was high time New York had game officers capable of handling this business problem as it can be handled, properly. Draining in Iowa. At the conference on Game Breed- ing, held recently in New York, Hon. E. C. Hinshaw, the able Game Warden of Iowa, said the sportsmen and nature lovers of Iowa are constantly trying to prevent the farmers of the State from draining the last square foot of lake and swamp in order to place it under culti- vation. The remedy is to show the farmers that wild ducks can be profitably raised on such privately owned lakes and swamps. Wild ducks, sell readily for $3 6 THE GAME BREEDER ¢ per pair in the markets and the sports- men should pay fair prices for the shoot- ing provided they can sell a lot of the ducks to secure the money for the shoot- ing rental. It seems idle to urge a farmer to pay taxes on such properties simply that he may entertain licensed trespassers. The duck shooting surely will be ended when the marshes are drained and it would be far better for the sportsmen to form many shooting clubs and preserve many of the marshes. Where thousands of ducks are reared many will fly away to the rivers and other ‘public waters where the public can shoot. The Game Breeders’ Association when it reared ducks on Long Island, INGYS ttinnished mat leastaa) athousand ducks for the waters outside the preserve in one season. — Pheasant Breeding in Ohio. It seems likely that Ohio will enact a game breeders’ law permitting the breeding of pheasants for the market. The Sportsman’s Review, quoting a Co- lumbus paper says: “The pheasant weighs about four pounds and would now bring in the open market $1.50 and the demand is unexhaustible according to General Speaks. It is a most prolific bird, the hen laying about forty eggs and the spring hatch is ready for the table by fall, thus bringing a quick re- turn. The flesh is light and very palat- able. The bird is sold in all the markets of Europe just as poultry is sold, and the demand there gives hundreds a living with comparatively little work.” General Speaks, the Ohio Game War- den, predicts that within five years a large number of people in Ohio will be raising the birds for the market. The Prices of Pheasants in New York. ‘The Ohio people will be interested to learn that the pheasants bring $2.50 each in Néw York, when sold to dealers and hotels in large lots. The Astor Hotel purchased all the pheasants a big club wished to sell and one of our readers who has a farm in Dutchess County, sold three hundred birds last fall to a game dealer for $2.50 each. Most of the hotels and clubs could not get any phea- sants. There is a demand for hundreds of thousands in New York City. Game Breeding in Canada. We predicted that Canada soon would feel the “more game” breeze which has been blowing with increasing velocity in the United States, and which assumed — cylonic importance in Indiana, recently, when it ceased to be a criminal offence to rear any species of game for profit. The Free Press, London, Ontario, men- tions, among the entirely new sugges- tions made to the fish and game com- mittee of the legislature, “a provision for the sale of imported game or that raised in captivity; permits to take game for propagation purposes and to trans- port the same.” We are told there is a possibility that after this year no wild ducks will be offered for sale in public markets of the province. The Sale of Trout and the Price of Tags. It is only a few years ago that the New York League of Sportsmen, in convention at Syracuse, was asked to en- dorse a proposed law favoring the sale of trout produced by industry. The editor of The Game Breeder was present and, of course, favored this common sense measure. Dr. Dutcher, the President of the Audubon Society, spoke in opposition to the measure and termed it “an entering wedge.” If such a law should be en- acted he said, in another year these gen- tlemen will be here urging a measure to permit the sale of game. Our feathered friends will be in danger, ete., ete. He did not have to wait another year since on the following day the editor of The Game Breeder, who had been invited to address the convention, read a paper advocating the selling and the eating of the edible ‘feathered friends,” when produced by industry. The sale of trout was soon permitted, and not long there- after the sale of certain food birds and deer was permitted provided they be © THE GAME BREEDER 7 ApieUre aq py tT pinoys Hapao qdutoad pp: og = & Eee 2 oe A aS en ae = 26 ier) SS: Se has Bo = aS ue Sunind uy produced abroad or within the State of New York. Mr. Chas. J. Vert, a mem- ber of the League, is entitled to the credit of having brought the trout mat- ter to the attention of the League. Trout Tags. The trout law permits the sale of trout from other states, in New York. At the legislative hearing at Albany, March 9, an amendment was discussed which provides that the tags shall no longer cost 3 cents each but that the Conservation Commission shall only charge the actual cost of the tags which would be a very small charge. Mr. Charles J. Vert, speaking for the amendment, said that the straight tax of 3 cents for each tag made a tax of from 12 to 24 cents per pound on every pound of this desirable food sold, the amount depending upon the size of the trout and - the number to the pound. He argued forcibly that it was a public wrong to impose such a tax upon food and said that no other state except New York made such excessive charges. No one excepting the Conservation Commission, he said, opposed the measure and he was informed they wanted the money. The question evidently was of economic 01 posnyfa yt StL 0 AuIB 10.4 oO} BY [1P' AEP Igy MaNB OY p 1 JO Sxooyjo stued ajvIg ayy ad 0; Brs9uj importance. It seems likely at this writ- ing that the amendment to the trout law will be enacted. An Emblem of Fairness. Often we have said we would print anything anyone may wish to say against our policy. Any one who thinks we are wrong in advocating “more game and fewer game laws,’ can say so in this magazine and give his reasons if he has any. This month we give prominence to the statement of Mr. Neubold L. Her- rick, 60 Wall Street, New York, who Says we are wrong. He is not a sub- scriber to the magazine; evidently he has not read it. He simply ran across one of our campaign circulars and wrote his Opinion sotit. So here it is) We are glad to give it space to illustrate our fairness. It is becoming more and more difficult to find any one who will say we are wrong. His Honor, Mayor Viles. Hon. Blaine S. Viles, of Augusta, Me., has been elected Mayor with a splendid majority, says Maine Woods. We con- gratulate his honor and take a special pleasure in so doing since Mr. Viles is a contributing member of The Game 8 THE GAME BREEDER Conservation Society and we are always glad to see our readers successful when they run for office. Mr. Viles is a mem- ber of the Fish and Game Commission of Maine. = Gardners Island. Mr. Clarence H. Mackay has leased the shooting on Gardner’s Island which contains about 3,000 acres, said to be well stocked with pheasants, quail, wood- cock, etc. The island is a short distance to the eastward of Long Island, New York, and for many years it was leased to Mr. A. F. Schermerhorn who had ex- cellent shooting every season. Besides the abundant live game of the upland there are thousands of ducks. Some are bred on the island; others visit it during the fall migration in big num-- bers. Since Mr, Mackay is a practical game preserver the game will increase rapidly during his term and it is to be hoped that he will send much game to the New York markets as he no doubt will, since he is well known as a gener- ous and public spirited man. He has an excellent quail shoot in the South where the quail always are plentiful. He em- ploys capable gamekeepers and has a splendid kennel of pointers and setters. Our Vanishing Wild Hares. One of our Connecticut readers sends us a newspaper clipping which says a bill “authorizing towns to offer a bounty of not more than $5.00 for killing wild Belgian and wild German hares.’ Pos- sibly the word Belgian was inserted to avoid the appearance of any violation of neutrality notions. Truly game law making 1s a remarkable industry. Enough money is spent every year on game laws to feed the nation with game. The bounty hunters should pick up a few ruffed grouse while they last. Game Tags. The tags required for the game birds cost 5 cents each. This evidently is ex- cessive and in time these tags also will be furnished at actual cost which should be a small fraction of a cent per tag. The absurdity of permitting the sale of trout from. other states; the sale of game from foreign countries; the sale of game produced by industry within New York, and refusing the breeders of other states the right to sell the foods they produce in the best market has been emphasized by The Game Breeder and our readers can rest assured the subject will be not dropped until a common sense enactment is safely in the books. If it does not pass this year we believe it will next winter. Nonsense surely can not long prevail even if large sums are collected to support it. Migratory Bird Law Unconstitutional. A dispatch from Topeka, Kansas, to The Globe, IN. Yayisaise The migratory bird law was declared un- constitutional by Judge Pollock in the United States District Court to-day. Judge Pollock held congress had no jurisdiction over game in any states, and that separate states only had the right to enact laws for regulation or protection of game. The decision was in the case of George L. McCullagh, a banker of Galena, Kan., and two companions arrested on complaint of the United States district attorney for shooting ducks out of season. The defendants filed a demurrer attacking the law, and Judge Pollock sustained their con- tentions. Surprising Game Law Activity. A New England game officer, of the right sort, says the legislature in his state is in full swing and one might im- agine from the bills and the discussions that legislators are more interested, some in the protection and some in the exter- mination of game, than they are in ed- ucation or agriculture. Our Vanishing “Jacks.” Jack rabbits have become so abun- dant in eastern Oregon that they are a menace to farmers’ crops. In Harney county a four-mill tax produced $31,000 for a jack rabbit bounty fund. The bounty law became effective January 2, 1915. On February 18, 1915, the county clerk’s office had paid a bounty of 5 cents each on 156,707 rabbits. The Oregon Sportsmen also informs us that Harney county paid $1,039 for 1,039 bobcats, so that it would appear that cats vanish nicely when a bounty is paid. THE GAME BREEDER 9 A PECULIAR FOX HUNT AT A QUAIL CLUB. By H. J. Montanus. We recently had a fox hunt, (prob- ably I should say fox shoot, since fox hunting usually refers to riding behind the hounds) to celebrate the 77th birth- day of the organizer of our association, Mr. Jas. M. Ashton, who is hale and hearty and likely to reach the century mark. Our association preserves and shoots quail in good numbers and the fox shooting is done to protect the feathered game. . Mr. Ashton’s home was our first headquarters. ‘The inclosed film, when printed, will give you a good picture of him. We secured two foxes and one of them was taken in a peculiar manner. . Two members of our association, feeling somewhat tired, proceeded to a tree which had fallen, after having weathered many a storm, and broken short off about ten feet from the ground. There was a hole of about 6 inches in diameter in the side of the tree and at the small end there was an opening of 3 inches. Mr. Raush, looking in the hole, called Mr. Henry Lemaire’s attention to a pe- culiar object, presumably a rabbit. Le- maire punched the object witha stick but. there was no move; finally with much courage he inserted his hand and dis- covered Mr. Fox dead in the hole. Upon the arrival of the gamekeeper and after some ten minues’ work, Mr. Fox was removed from his trap. Evidently he had made an awful fight for his life, and in the endeavor to get out of the hole his sides were torn. The explanation offered was that Brer Fox had pursued a squirrel which had run into the hole for safety. The squir- rel easily came out the smaller hole but the fox became wedged in the narrow part of the hole and could neither go 10 THE GAME BREEDER forward or backward. He had starved to death. We secured two foxes, as you will see, and the hawks shown in the other pictures. Our game is abundant because we look after it and feed it in winter and because we do not let foxes, hawks, dogs, cats and many other kinds of vermin eat it. The Game Breeder has given us the correct advice and we all are much interested in the magazine. SB A NEW JERSEY PHEASANTRY. With Some Comment on the Laws of the Empire State Which Require New Jersey Pheasants to Be Shipped to Liverpool and Back Before oley Can Be Sold as Food in New York. [This is the twenty-second of a series of two hundred articles about American game farms and preserves.—Editor. ] Unless the New York game laws which make it imperative for a Haddon- field pheasant to travel all the way to Liverpool and back across the broad At- lantic before it can appear for sale in the market of the Empire State are changed, the Legislature at Albany will find itself facing a serious situation. Already the Governor has been ap- pealed to and his attention drawn to the infringement by the game laws of his State of the rights guaranteed under the Federal Constitution, and he has been requested to suggest to the Legis- lature that it do away with the double transatlantic voyage of the American- born game bird, thus shortening the trip of the New Jersey pheasant from some- thing like 6,000 miles to 60. As the representative of the New Jersey pheasant the initial step toward this important reform in the New York laws was taken a few days ago by S. V. Reeves, of No. 114 East Park ave- nue, when he brought this violation of the comity of States to the Governor’s attention. Since then he has been busy with the campaign which, it is expected, will result in relieving the New Jersey bird from the danger of being confis- cated when on sale in a New York mar- ket unless an official foreign passport, guaranteeing its legal right to be there is found tucked under its wing. Thirty years ago Reeves felt the need of a hobby. When a boy he had been a famous trapper of small game and birds and had become. through his study of what he succeeded in trapping, a naturalist. So it was quite consistent that, on his new quest, the idea of adopting game of some kind and rear- ing it appealed to him. He always had been interested in the pheasant, princi- pally because of the difficulty of rear- ing it+in captivity, so the gamey bird was decided upon and the hobby hunt ended, and the Reeves pheasant farm started. From a few small pens it grew until it covers nearly a half-acre under wire, with many buildings and coops to ac- commodate the 80 or 90 birds kept on hand for breeding. purposes. And dur- ing all these years Reeves has refused to commercialize his hobby. He started with the idea of making his pheasant farm a producing home from which the product would go to stock the wooded district of South Jersey, and hundreds of birds have been liberated through that section of the State by him in the past quarter. But even hobbies sometimes show a disposition to become unmanageable, and Reeves found that, while it was easy to supply the wilds with birds, something more was needed. One thing in partic- ular attracted his attention, the market conditions and marketing restrictions. This led him to investigating the game laws of other states and one of the things he discovered was that New York excluded the New Jersey pheasant while it admitted those shipped from European ports, and, what was still more interest- THE GAME BREEDER 11 ing, was that New Jersey birds were shipped abroad and reshipped to New York as European pheasants. Quite naturally he felt an injustice was being done his little colony, the colonies of other pheasant breeders and the hundreds of pheasants putting in their time acquiring a spicy European gameflavor in the wilds of his own state. Now the injustice is squarely before the lawmakers of New York, and the ac- tion to be taken by them will be watched with interest. Contrary to general belief, the pheas- ant is not one of the older English game birds. While it has been known and fa- vored for table use for centuries, and for other centuries worshiped as a sacred bird by the Chinese, it was not until 1821 that it was introduced in England by a man named Reeves, un- related to the Haddonfield Reeves. The English pheasant, now known as _ the Reeves pheasant, was brought by him from China. A little later John R. Reeves, his son, returned from the Far East, bringing with him a consignment of pheasant hens, and from this stock the common English pheasant sprang. PRODUCING NEW VARIETIES. Strictly speaking, the bird is of Asi- atic origin, although subsequent cross breedings have produced a number of European varieties. At the Reeves pheasant farm here, the Ring Neck, Reeves, Lady Amherst, Prince of Wales and Golden varieties are being bred and cross bred by Reeves, who has demon- strated the possibility of producing even a better-flavored and stronger bird than is represented by the older parent stock. For instance, his experiments have shown that the cross between the Prince of Wales and the Ring Neck insures a faster, larger, gamier and better-flavored bird, and many of them are being bred by him. As this crossing reproduces its kind, it is believed a new variety of pheasant has been added to the list, and one that will become a favorite with sportsmen as well as with epicures. One of the most beautiful results so far obtained resulted from mating Lady Amherst and Golden Pheasants. When fully feathered the new bird shows markings of exquisite beauty. It alse is a strong bird and may become an- other permanent variety. The Prince of Wales is no mean aquatic bird. It takes to the marshlands, and will swim as easily as a duck. For this reason it is well adapted for New Jersey propa- gation and is being stocked in the low- lands and marshy regions. In the breeding of pheasants Reeves has some exciting experiences. A pheas- ant cock is one of the gamiest of game birds. He is well spurred, is quick, can rise and strike at a considerable height and prefers fighting to running. Hardly a day passes but Reeves is made the ob- ject of attack by one or more of them. Contented so long as he remains outside the wired inclosure, his entrance is the signal for attack. A wicked dash at his legs is instantly followed by one at his head, and it frequently happens that he ducks just in time to escape with the loss of his hat. And all the while the pheas- ant keeps up a constant sputtering. If it is not downright profanity it is a good imitation of it. Unlike the game cock, the effect of domestication fails to outbreed this dis- position even after many generations have lived and died within the wire con- fines. Once a game pheasant, always a game pheasant, appears to be the rule. In trying to tame them Reeves has found that, while the pheasant sometimes will appear to have lost his love of the wild, the result is more apparent than real. Frequently he has been tempted to re- lease a few of the tamer birds from the inclosures. But the result always has been that once outside the netting, they grasp the opportunity and are off with a whirr and, once freed, can rarely be re- captured. In the rearing of the newly-hatched pheasant it has been found that is best attended to by bantam hens, and so the Reeves pheasant farm has a corps of these diminutive little fowls on hand. For some reason the pheasant hen has little conception of maternal duties and less inclination to practice them. Possi- bly she believes in the law of the sur- 12 THE GAME BREEDER vival of the fittest, and so reconciles her- self to the loss of her brood when the latter scatters almost as soon as hatched. Rarely will any be left to her after the third or fourth day. But the bantam hen works along other lines, and, if the coop be not too large, manages to mother the little pheasant quite satisfactorily. With the assistance of this little mother it has been found possible to raise fully 80 per cent. of the young birds hatched at the Reeves farm.—Philadelphia Rec- ord. THE BOBWHITE IN OREGON. By WitiiaAM L. FINLEY. [We were about to ask Mr. William L. Finley to write an article on the status of the bobwhite in Oregon when he sent us the Oregon ing story about the introduction of this quail in his state. Sportsman containing the follow- The article on, “The Intro- duction of Bobwhite in Montana,” written by Hon. M. D. Baldwin for The Game Breeder, attracted much attention and Mr. Finley’s article is equally timely and interesting —Editor.] In our Oregon country, Bob-white is loved by all. Since his coming years ago, there has never been an open sea- son in this state. No bird gladdens the heart of the Oregon farmer more than Bob-white as he calls from the top of an old rail fence, for the larger part of our farmers knew him in bare-foot days among the hills of the easter states. He is the friend and companion about the garden and field. His call means glad- ness and satisfaction. To some of my farmer friends, he is always an optimist. If a shower is needed, one may hear Bob-white calling—‘More-wet! More- wet!” After a dreary downpour, that has lasted for several days, Bob-white is sure to mount an old brush heap and sing just as confidently—* No-more-wet ! No-more-wet !” The history of the introduction of the Bob-white quail into Oregon would be very interesting if it were complete. A few birds‘were brought in from the East thirty or thirty-five years ago and liberated in the Willamette valley. Mr. J. H. Raley of Pendleton, writes that during the fall of 1893 he secured sixty Bob-white quail from the Willam- ette valley and liberated them on Mc- Kay creek on the place where he was then living. This accounts for the cov- eys of Bob-white quail along the Uma- tilla river west of Pendleton. During the summer of 1911, I heard several Bob-white quail calling on the grounds of the State Hospital near Pendleton. They thrive well in the patches of wil- low and cottonwood along the river. — Years ago, Bob-white quail were in- troduced into the Boise valley in Idaho and from this point they have undoubt- edly spread to eastern Oregon in the vicinity of Vale and Ontario in Mal- heur county and along the Snake river in Wallowa county. Bob-white are also found in the north- ern part of Umatilla county and it may be these birds spread north from those that were introduced at Pendleton in 1893; or they may possibly have been introduced by some one in that locality. During the summer of 1899 while on- a cruise up the Willamette river with Herman T. Bohlman, we saw and heard Bob-white quail near Independence. They were not uncommon at that time in the country around Salem and south to Independence. During .the spring of 1908, I heard a Bob-white quail at Risley station be- tween Portland and Oregon City. Dur- ing the early spring of 1909, I fre- quently heard Bob-white quail calling ix the vicinity of Jennings Lodge. I am very sure a pair nested in that locality. but after the summer was over I, saw nothing more of these birds, nor were they there during the following -year. They were likely killed by house cats. In September of 1912,-I saw three different flocks of Bob-white quail with- THE GAME BREEDER 13 in a distance of a mile or so of, Sher- wood in the southeastern part of Wash- ington county. Mr. C. C. Bryan, Deputy Game War- . den of Corvallis, reports that on May 20, 1912, he heard numbers of Bob- white quail calling about three miles west of Lebanon. He reports that dur- ing 1911, he saw but very few of these quail in the southern part of Benton county, but in 1912, the birds had ma- terially increased in that locality. During the fall of 1911, Mr. George Russell, Deputy Game Warden at Gas- ton, reports seeing a number of coveys of Bob-white quail in Polk, Benton and Linn counties. Bob-white quail are now fairly com- mon in the Willamette valley from the foothills of the Cascades west to the foothills of the Coast range, and from Oregon City south to Albany, and es- pecially in the vicinity of Corvallis. and north to Dallas, McMinnville and For- est Grove. At the present time, they are perhaps more abundant in parts of Benton, Polk, Yamhill and Marion counties than in any other parts of the state. During the winters of 1913 and 1914, about 200 of these birds were trapped in Yamhill county, near Mc- Minnville, and liberated in other parts of the state. During the winters of 1914 and 1915, over 300 were trapped near the same localities to stock other sec- tions. During 1913, a covey of Bob-white quail was reported near Grants Pass, but at that time, as far as I know, there were practically none of these birds to the south, especially through the Rogue river valley and across the Cascade range into Klamath, Crook, Lake and Harney counties. Since then Bob-white quail have been liberated in Douglas, Jackson, Josephine, Coos, Multnomah and Klamath counties. A PHEASANT-BANTAM HYBRID. H. J. WHEELER, Kingston, R. I. Although there have been reported, from time to time, several instances of a successful cross between the pheasant and the domestic fowl, none of these has thus far withstood the results of close investigation. The following is a brief description of the results of an actual cross secured by Dr. Leon J. Cole at the Rhode Island Agricultural Experiment Station in the spring of 1908. Of 77 eggs of the bantam fowl laid between March 23, 1908, and August 27, 1909, only one was fertile. This egg was laid March 30, 1908. It was set under a hen on April 4, and hatched April 28, thus giving an incubation period of 24 days. DESCRIPTION OF THE FATHER. This bird, a Ring-Neck pheasant, was of average size, plumage, and vigor. The feathers of the head and neck were irridescent and purplish, with a green- ish cast upon the top of the head. The short feathers of the face patch were turkey-red. The measurements of the different parts of the body were as fol- lows: , Millimeters. Length of upper mandible......... 27 Width of mandible at base......... 20 TDA MTAUUUESE Ee yseL a Ey iets aries ais alas apes taverwliea 15 Length of wing...... sah Wie eas Bhi he 250 Wenotliotmtaileens sete: canis se: 540 Wenethvot tarsuse oss cs 2s ce ome 70 Length of middle toe............. 58 Weight, 2 pounds, 10 ounces. The color of the eye was bright bay. DESCRIPTION OF THE MOTHER. The mother of the hybrid was a mongrel bantam. The general color was buff with faint black stripes on the neck. A large amount of black appeared in the primary wing feathers and in the inner veins of the secondaries. The tail feathers were largely black, but con- tained some yellow. The comb was low, but had the rose-comb characteristics, 14 THE GAME BREEDER and possessed a prominent spike. The wattles and ear-lobes were very well de- veloped. The measurements of different parts of the body were as follows: Millimeters. Length of upper mandible.......... 18 Width of mandible at base......... 13 Reng thi soretanstcse era eer ene 58 Eenethvotemuiddlestocseasse + ese 54 Weight, 1 pound, 14 ounces. The color of the eye was a faded yellow. DESCRIPTION OF THE HYBRID. The color of the head and neck was dark because of the presence of much black in the feathers. The yellow, how- ever, showed through to a considerable extent, especially on the top of the head, on the forehead, and on the upper throat region. The space immediately surrounding the eye was red. A slightly purplish irridescence appeared on the feathers of the lower neck. The gen- eral color of the body and back was a mixture of light yellow, darker yellow, chestnut, and also black, in very irregu- lar patterns. In many instances the black formed a double stripe on the feathers, while the chestnut was usually present on the edge of the feather and formed a band. The feathers of the rump and the tail coverts had many small black specks. The flights were a mixture of black and light yellow. The primaries were darker at the distal end. The tail feathers had an appearance’ more like the primaries. The comb was very low, having somewhat the appear- ance of a rose comb, but without the spike. The wattles and ear-lobes were absent. The eye had a yellowish tinge between faded yellow and a bay color. The measurements of various parts of the body were as follows: Millimeters. Length of upper mandible.......... 26 Width of mandible at base........ 18 Menethyotsthe wine.) .00 cose ee 224 Wansestaail feather, ., sans vaneee 213 Wensthmotntarsusnes.,..caasetencoeoe. 70 enothworaniddlel toe, 4. ae. vss.) Gs Weight, 3 pounds, 3 ounces. For the first few weeks of its life, this hybrid more nearly approached pheasant chicks (Ring-Necks) in both color and call. When the feathers began to come, however, the bird lost some of its re- semblance to pheasant youngsters and also ceased its call except when fright- ened. The bird was kept carefully cooped to avoid its destruction by vermin. In spite of being fed and watered three or four times daily, it grew and remained very wild; two ducklings were put into the coop, but they seemed to exert no taming effect. After several months, it was transferred to a turkey yard in which were its parents, pigeons, and turkeys. Very soon, the hybrid became much more domesticated. As an adult, nothing has been observed in its be- havior to indicate sex; its call (only when frightened) is of a higher note than the cock pheasant’s and is some- what like that of a cornered rat. COMPARISON OF THE PHEASANT, BANTAM AND HYBRID. The general shape of the head of the hybrid was much more like that of the pheasant. It lacked, however, the vel- vety feathers on the face, and did not have the extension into the ear-lobes, which was prominent on the pheasant. The bill of the hybrid was shaped some- what like that of the pheasant, but was rather lighter in color. It was also more grayish in appearance than that of the bantam. The general color of the body plumage resembled more closely that of the pheasant, except that the markings of the hybrid were not so regular, and more of the light yellow of the mother was apparent. The shape of the wing resembled more closely that of the ban- tam, but it was considerably longer. It did not, moreover, show the peculiar color and definite bars characteristic of the tail of the pheasant. The longest feathers of the tail were broad and rounded at the tip. They were much less long and tapering than those of the pheasant. They were carried, more- over, in a more erect position, showing no tendency to trail as did those of the father. The reason for this obviously lies in the anatomical structure of the tail-bearing portion, which resembles more closely that of the bantam. While in the pheasant the legs and feet were quite dark, and in the bantam a faded THE GAME BREEDER 15 yellow color, in the hybrid the color was between these two. Furthermore, while the pheasant had well developed spurs, about 10 mm. in length, and the bantam very short spurs on both feet, the hy- brid had on the right foot a short blunt structure. When the hybrid was com- pared with the pheasant hen, it was ob- vious that the color-resemblance to the female pheasant was more striking than to the male bird, but that the form-re- semblance to the female was less spur and on the left only a low wart-like marked. ad POND FISH CULTURE. By Proressor L. L. Dycke, Late State Fish and Game Warden of Kansas. [This is the conclusion of an article begun in the November number prior to the un- timely death of Professor Dyche—Editor.] The spawning bed or the nest that the Black Bass prepares here at the State Fish Hatchery-is usually built on the north, east or west shores of the ponds, where the sun naturally warms the waters first in the early springtime. At this season of the year one does not have to walk far until more or less bass are seen swimming near the shore. One or two bass may be observed hovering over a certain spot. If it is a single fish it is usually a male, and if one will take the trouble to sit or lie down on the bank and keep perfectly still, in a not too prominent place, in from fifteen to twenty minutes the bass will usually be- come accustomed to the situation and will proceed with the ordinary work of nest-building that was being carried on, just the same as if there was no observer watching. We found that a few bushes stuck in the bank for sort of a blind and left there, so that the fish would get used to them, made the approach to the nest much easier for future visits. If the bass should happen to be a male prepar- ing a spawning bed or nest, a number of things can be learned by watching con- cerning the habits of the fish. The place selected for the nest depends upon the nature of the shore of the pond. Prof. L. L. Dyche The Rainbow Trout - oe - - - John Gill | Ay i 7) way St milli III) 2) | f r Pu I The State Game Departments—Game Permits} in Michigan— Letter from Hon. Wm. R. Oates, State Game, Fish and Forestry Warden—The Oklahoma Game Breeder’s Law. La | Editorials— It—A Meeting of Game Breeders—Cheering—Game Breeding in Oklahoma —Two Heroes - Correspondence — Book Notices, Ete. nell a tl ell ins — TTT TNT = 1 —— —— ye NE THE GAME CONSERVATION SOCIETY. Inc. 2 "4 — RK CITY Ve, : a mM I “ Do Not Experiment. EXPERIENCED | GAME BREEDERS KNOW that there are no foods that will | give such splendid results as === SPRATT’S——— Famous Game Rearing Meals Nos. 5 & 12 when fed in conjunction with SPRATT’S CHICGRAIN, which is the best grain food on the market. Gs oc Ne Hunters Know of the value of keeping their dogs up to “top-notch” in the matter of health. They also know that this can only be done by judicious feed- ing with the best of biscuits. -SPRATT’S DOG CAKES are now recognized in all sporting circles as the food par excellence for keeping dogs up to standard fitness. Dogs fed on Spratt’s Food work better, behave better and live longer than those fed on any other diet. Als Write for samples and send 25c. for “Pheasant Culture.’ ‘Poultry Culture” sent on receipt of 10c., and “Dog Culture” on receipt of 2c. stamp. SPRATT’S PATENT LIMITED Factory and Chief Offices at NEWARK, N. J. Depots at San Francisco; St. Louis; Cleveland; Montreal. New England Agency, Boston, Mass. Factories also in England and Germany IL = THE GAME BREEDER 33 This Picture © Shows the Effect | Gi. 2 ? Hollow Point .22’s Fresh soap offers practically the same resistance to a bullet as animal flesh. The illustration shows the course of an ordinary solid bullet (below) and of a Remington-UMC Hollow Point. In your opinion, which bullet will make sure of your game? } eminelo ROM GEOn .22 Caliber Hollow Points Have enormous shocking power. A hit means a kill always. Small game of high vitality cannot escape to die, wounded, in holes or cover. Accuracy is world-famous. And the cost but a trifle more than the ordinary .22. Made in .22 short, .22 long and .22 long rifle, in both smokeless and lesmok powders. Remington Arms-Union Metallic Cartridge Co. Woolworth Bldg. (233 Broadway), New York City 34 7 THE GAME:BREEDER With a range of price from $27.50 to $525, it fits all purses. | QUALITY is the dominant _ feature in all grades of the PARKER GUN. For 50 YEARS PARKER GUNS have led all other makes in dura- bility-and efficiency among trap and: field shooters. Booklet on 20 Bores free. Catalog on application to PARKER BROS., Meriden, Conn. 32 wot?" Wire--Coops-- I raps and other appliances for GAME FARMS and PRESERVES ~ Strong heavy coops and fenders which will not blow over. Wire, all sizes, for Deer, Pheasants, Ducks, Quail and other game. SUPPLY DEPARTMENT THE GAME BREEDER 150 Nassau Street, New York -THE GAME BREEDER 35 THE AMATEUR TRAINER By. Ed. F. Haberlein A practical trainer of over 30 years’ experience, whose @ 1c system is up to date and stands unequaled. New Edition Just Out. Illustrated. A plain, practical and concise, yet thorough guide in the art of training, handling and the correcting of faults of the bird doz subservient to the gun afield. Written especially for the novice, but equally valuable to the experienced handler. By following the instructions plainly given, every shooter possessed of a little common sense and patience can train his own dogs to perfection. Paper cover, $1.00; best full cloth binding and gold embossed, $1.50. Address * Smokeless Shotéun Powder In Loaded Shells of practically all makes you can get Infallible. Ask for it the next time you buy shells. THE GAME BREEDER, 150 Nassau Street, N. Y. If you are interested in trapshooting write for our booklet called, “TRAP - SHOOTING.” It is worth reading. Address 5 Soo. aad re Hercules Powders Co.” Wilmington, Del. Our Feathered Game A HANDBOOK OF American Game Birds BY DWIGHT W. HUNTINGTON. Illustrations—Shooting Pictures in color and Portraits of all $2 00 American Game Birds O HERCULES*® POWDER CO. Heating and Cooking Stoves for Clubs and Cottages The Camp Cook Stove This is an ideal cook stove for the Mining, Lumber and Military Camps; will work just as well in the open air as indoors. Construction Companies working large gangs of men will find this well suited to their requirement A FEW OF THE LEADING STOVES FURNISHED Radnor Ranges; “Gj Home Victor Hot Water Stoves Index Heating Stoves Our Friend Cook Stoves Home Victor Ranges Farmer Girl Cook Solar Kent Heating Sentry Wood Stoves Victor Cook Dobule Oven Ney H. A. Elm Double Heaters Stoves Home Victor Cellar Furnaces Ranges Vulcan Double Heaters Prompt Ranges Home Cellar Furnaces Hotel Ranges Tropic Sun Heating Stoves Cozy Ranges Victor Cellar Furnaces Royal Victor Ranges Haddon Hercules Heating Stoves Victor Cook Ranges Victor Solar Cellar Furnaces No. ro Ironsides Cook Ormond Ranges Loyal Victor Ranges Farmer's Furnaces and Patrol Wood Stove No. 15 Hot Blast Heating Stoves Victor Hotel Ranges Cauldrons No. go Ironsides Victor Gem Cook Elm Ranges Haddon Ranges Laundry Stoves Farmer Boy Cook Stoves Manufactured by S.V. REEVES, 45 N. 2nd St., Philadelphia, Pa. 36 THE GAME BREEDER v “Otherwise than By Shooting” This picture was made to illustrate Field Sports in New York as prescribed by one of the ridiculous statutes known as ‘ fool laws.” To THE GAME BREEDER, 150. Nassau Street, New York. Please enter my name as a contributing member of The Game Conservation Society and send me its publication, THE GAME BREEDER, for one year. $1.00 enclosed. N. B.—Write Name and Street Address plainly and state if you wish back numbers of the magazine to the first of the year. “The Game Breeder VOLUME VII MAY, 1915 NUMBER 2 Co) SURVEY OF THE FIELD. Hon. W. R, Eaton. Oklahoma’s Opportunity. A liberal game breeders’ law has been enacted in Oklahoma providing, as all such laws should, for the profitable breeding of all species of game. Okla- homa is a splendid country for game, big and small, and as soon as the people of the State understand how to look after it properly and profitably vast quantities of game birds and deer will be produced. We predict that it will not be long before the game brings large sums of money to those who produce it. There is no good reason why the hun- dreds of thousands of dollars which now are sent abroad for cold storage game should not go to Oklahoma; there is no good reason why a good part of the vast sums which are now sent abroad for live game should not go to Okla- homa. Some very active members of the Game Conservation Society reside in Oklahoma. A number of pheasantries and game breeding associations will be started and we predict that the sports- men as well as the farmers and those _ who like to eat game will be surprised and delighted when the results of practi- cal game handling become known. Oklahoma Game. | Oklahoma is one of the best states in the Union for quail and other game birds and deer. Only a few years ago thousands of birds were ‘trapped and sold alive at excellent prices. Since no one looked after the birds and everyone shot them who wished to do so, it would not have been long without the game breeders’ law before the prohibition of shooting would have become as neces- sary in Oklahoma as it is in Ohio and in many other states which prohibit the profitable increase of game. Under the new law thousands of quail, prairie grouse, wild ducks, deer, pheas- ants, and other game, should be pro- duced and sold every year. The people of Oklahoma will be interested to know that wild ducks can be reared on suit- able marshy tracts and about sloughs and small ponds cheaper than tame ducks can be raised; prairie chickens and quail and pheasants can be produced much cheaper than poultry can be produced on any farm. Having these facts in mind the people of Oklahoma will be interested to know that the birds named sell readily at the following prices:. Quail $15 to $25 per dozen in large lots. Pheasants $2.50 to $5 per bird for common varieties. 38 THE GAME BREEDER Wild ducks $2.50 to $3.00 each for common varieties. Wood-duck, teal and others, $10 to $30 per pair. Prairie chickens $8 to $10 per pair. We can put the Oklahoma game bred- ers in touch with customers who will take thousands of birds at the above prices. We can furnish the names of people who have purchased thousands of birds at the above prices and who want many thousands more. There is a demand for hundreds of thousands of birds and the business of producing them is most in- teresting work for women as well as for men. We can give the names and ad- dresses of some women in other states (where the laws are not so favorable as they now are in Oklahoma) who are making a lot of money selling game birds and their eggs. Miss Helen Bart- lett, of Michigan, Miss A. Hope Pick- ering of Rhode Island, who advertise in the magazine, are successful game breed- ers. Mr. W. J. Mackensen, of Yardly, Pennsylvania, can furnish many names of customers who are successful in breeding for ‘sport. Oklahoma a Good Egg State. Hundreds of thousands of game eggs are now bought and sold by readers of The Game Breeder every year. The de- mand is increasing far more rapidly than the supply is increasing. The eggs are now sold by the thousand at the follow- ing prices: Wild ducks, mallards, $25 per 100 eggs. Wood ducks, $100 per 100 eggs. Other species, $50 to” $100 per 100 eggs. Pheasants, $25 per 100 eggs. Pheasants, other species, $50 to $200 per 100 eggs. It is not a difficult matter to gather and sell wild duck and pheasant eggs when you know how to keep the birds laying well. Quail eggs can be sold readily at $6.00 per dozen and more. It is an easy matter to have an abundance of quail nests and penned birds persist common varieties, in laying when their eggs are gathered so that each little hen should produce more than $15 per year for its owner, at a low estimate. The eggs of prairie grouse will bring fabulous prices for some time to come and by selling the eggs the birds quickly should be made abundant and kept so on many farms. They should be kept — abundant for the very good reason that it will pay to keep them abundant on game farms. The New Oklahoma Law and the Sportsman. — The sportsmen of Oklahoma will re- joice in the new law as soon as they understand it and take advantage of it. They should remember that it is an abso- lute natural law that when any check to the increase of game (shooting for example), is added to the ordinary causes of destruction (hawks, snakes, foxes and other natural enemies) the game must vanish from the earth, as it always has, because nature’s balance is upset. It is necessary, therefore, for those who would shoot to persistently destroy the natural enemies of the game to make a place-for the shooting. In Ohio the sportsmen are not permitted to do this because field sports are prohibited and of course no one will look after the game when it can neither be shot nor sold. In Oklahoma the sportsmen have a rare chance to form inexpensive shooting clubs and to shoot all the game they can eat and some for those who do not shoot. Quite near New York our readers have formed quail clubs which have excellent quail shooting every year at a cost of from $10 to $15 per gun. This is far bet- ter than the prohibition of shooting which is favored by those who see the game vanishing in many states. _ Every gun club and every trap-shoot- ing club in Oklahoma should have a game shooting ground. The Game Breeder will furnish information about the organization of the game breeding Associations of various kinds which now have excellent shooting every year. The magazine contemplates offering a sub- stantial prize for the Oklahoma club THE GAME BREEDER 39 showing the best shooting and the big- gest bag for the smallest cost. It is possible for a good game breeding club in Oklahoma to have excellent shooting at grouse, quail and other game and at hand-reared wild ducks and pheasants for a very small expense per gun. We shall not be surprised if some of the clubs which will be formed get their shooting for nothing; possibly they may declare a dividend. There is room enough for all who wish to shoot, on the farms which are now posted. Many farmers will encourage shooting on fair terms. New York’s New Commissioner. Mr. George D. Pratt has been ap- pointed as State Game Officer of New York at a salary of $8,000. The com- missioners who were bounced by the legislature, as we predicted they would be, received $10,000 each, so that it would appear that there is some economy contemplated. Mr. Pratt is a member of the Mon- tauk Club, the Camp Fire Club and pos- sibly of some others and he no doubt is aware that game usually is plentiful when it is properly looked after and that it uniformly vanishes when it is not properly looked after. As a good business man we are sure Mr. Pratt will agree to the proposition that no one can be expected to do anything unless it pays. There are many intelligent men in the Camp Fire Club like Mr. Ernest Thomp- son Seton, the eminent naturalist, and members of many game producing clubs who know that the breeders of game should be encouraged to produce game profitably and not prevented by legisla- tion. Unfortunately these men are not lobbyists or collectors of funds to save the game by procuring additional fool- ish enactments such as those which tend to “protect the game off the face of the earth.” We believe Mr. Pratt will conduct his office on business lines and that he will prefer the advice of those who know why our game vanishes to the advice of those who seem determined to add to our ridiculous game laws more of the same kind. Alien Hunters Forbidden. When Game Warden John C. Rein- bold of Hackensack, was murdered by an Italian hunter three years ago, in the old Tappen Woods, the game wardens throughout New Jersey declared they would have a law enacted to prevent an- other occurrence of the kind. The mur- derer had no license and was unnatural- ized. He escaped and was never located. Gov. Fielder has signed a bill which prohibits the hunting of wild birds or other game by unnaturalized persons, and also forbids such persons to own rifle or shotgun or have them on their premises.—The World, N. Y. Hungarians in Ohio. The Ohio game warden is reported to have received many favorable reports about the so-called Hungarian partridges (gray partridges) in Ohio. Thousands of these birds were turned down last season on many farms and undoubtedly the birds nested in many places and reared young birds. Last month we printed an excellent photograph of a nest full of partridge eggs which Gen- eral John C. Sparks, the capable State warden, sent to The Game Breeder. Ad- ditional birds will be liberated this year and we hope the experiment will be successful. Thus far we believe there has been no gray partridge shooting anywhere in America due to the intro- duction of these birds by State game officers. Some of the clubs have been successful in producing some shooting but thus far we have heard of no big bags of partridges and none have appeared in the markets. They are a common and cheap food in foreign countries. It is to be hoped they may become com- mon and cheap in America. We should remember, however, that the abundance and cheapness abroad is due to the work of skilled gamekeepers and we fear we will have no partridges in America until we have the skilled labor to look after the birds properly, and protect them from their numerous natural enemies. 40 THE GAME BREEDER Why Not Elephants? The World, N. Y., says: “The worst of the shortage of elephants due to the European war is that it cannot be offset by any stimulation of the domestic in- dustry.” Why not? The superintendent of the Zoo has a good sire on chain and no doubt there are a lot of female elephants in the country. The World should re- member what an alderman once said about the purchase of a male and a female gondola for the park: “Let nature take its course.” More Ducks. One of our Western readers writes that he has decided to start a _ big wild duck ranch and will hatch many thousands of eggs this season. This, of course, means tens of thousand next season. We are quite sure the New York markets will be ready to receive these ducks and other game birds which soon should come from the Western game ranches. Why should not the ranch owner breed deer, ducks, pheasants, prairie grouse, quail or any other desirable food for the market? He has been permitted to breed cattle and sheep for many years and game preservers know that cattle and sheep have put an end to the shoot- ing on many ranches and farms. We are always glad to learn that game pro- duction is to go on even in places where “it may seem to be an illegal industry. It really is not since the laws protecting wild game never were intended to apply to game produced by industry and owned by individuals. The Anna Dean Farm. A letter from the Anna Dean Farm indicates that a new department has been added. The words “Game Department” on its stationery look good to us. We understand the new department has sev- eral hundred game birds which means’ many thousands of eggs and young birds this season and the usual geometri- cal increase next season. The manager of the department says he cannot fill the orders already on hand. This in a State where our game breeders’ law has not yet been enacted is “going some.” Any up-to-date Western farmer will find it profitable to add a game department with a good gamekeeper to produce the birds and eggs. A Prairie Grouse Department. We hope soon to see “prairie grouse department” on the stationery of some of the big Western wheat farms where the grouse have been exterminated because the land has been too closely cultivated. A few wild rose bushes and sunflowers and a little prairie grass can be made to yield prairie chickens in good num- bers and at a minimum of cost since they will find most of their food in the — stubbles. They must have rose hips for winter food and the briars for their pro- tection against the vermin. Sunflowers and other foods can be planted to advan- tage. We hope to see broiled prairie grouse on the New York bills of fare not later iaebal Vy ID) ENO, Wild Ducks in Australia. A few years ago wild ducks were so numerous in Australia that no one could have imagined that protection would have to be given them. The birds have gradually diminished in numbers and the Shooting Times and British Sportsman says: “It may be in the future we shall have to adopt rearing to increase the numbers of birds and animals threatened with extinction.” New Booklet on Hand Trap. The latest practical device for throw- ing clay targets is the hand trap. It is gaining in favor every day being used both by trapshooters and field sports- men. The Du Pont Company has issued an interesting booklet on its use and value. It describes the hand trap in detail, also the many pleasures derived from its use. The company will furnish a copy of this book on request. THE GAME BREEDER 41 BREEDING CALIFORNIA VALLEY QUAIL. By C. H. SHaw. I consider the experiment of breeding the California Valley quail which has extended over a period of three years, a. " success. First, by hatching the eggs and brood- ing the young with bantams; given a bantam hen inclined to stay with the eggs, a large percentage, averaging 90 per cent., are hatched and there are no losses of young birds except from the hen stepping on them. We have kept them with the hen in a coop until four weeks old. Using an incubator to hatch the eggs, the percentage hatched is even higher. Our first attempts at artificial brooding were a failure, due principally to keep- ing the brooders at too high a temper- ature and crowding. Later this method was worked out satisfactorily. Perfect results were obtained by al- lowing the parent birds to hatch the eggs and rear the young. Even where as many as forty-five pair of old birds were in one enclosure, they hatched the eggs left with them at the end of the season, although it was necessary to remove the young birds when hatched to prevent injury by old birds which were fighting over them. My conclusion is that splendid results can be had with raising these quail un- der the following system: Take say the first fifteen eggs laid by each female and hatch them either in an incubator or under bantams, and brood them with bantams. The old birds being placed in separate enclosures for each pair, allow them to keep the eggs laid after this and they will hatch them and rear all of the young. I am prepared to dispute absolutely the theory that they will not rear their young, or even hatch the eggs, in cap- tivity. The secret of success in this is to use breeding stock at least one gen- eration removed from the wild condi- tion. Am sorry not to be able to send you any good photographs of these birds. I have made very little effort to obtain any as this bird is so well known to everybody on this coast, but I am en- closing you two or three which may serve to show the type. I consider this the finest game bird in this country, for many reasons. It is very hardy and very alert in keeping safe from its enemies. It roosts in trees or other thick cover off of the ground, and is seldom harmed by animals or owls at night. It will adapt itself to civiliza- tion and become entirely tame around house grounds where not molested and even thrive in a town. As a game bird for the sportsman it has few competitors. It may interest you to know that I am in a position to ship say 250 of these birds to the East for breeding purposes. Re PHEASANT BREEDING IN CALIFORNIA. By Mary P. MarsHALt. Pheasant breeding is still in its infancy in California, although it has become quite popular of late years and will be permanently introduced all over the country. A visit to an aviary will con- vince one that these beautiful birds are not a picture dream, but one of Nature’s charms for the eye. The culture of them is a wonderful industry and full of pleasure, and it is a joy to know that it is growing. Pheasants are raised easier than chick- ens are, and they are more profitable. They mature early, being full grown at five months. They are small feeders, and all diseases common among chickens, suchas roup, etc., seldom occur with them. There are no culls as in so-called wll G8 i Pee q Th ap 42 THE GAME BREEDER fancy chickens. All varieties breed the first year although those two and three years old breed much better. Breeding qualities in these birds lasts from twelve to fifteen years. . Some breeders and even government bulletins advocate feeding at regular in- tervals, while I find it better to keep feed before them all the time, as an adult bird will never overeat. I feed somewhat along my own lines, and I have an egg yield of ninety and ninety- five eggs per bird. The percentage of fertility in pheasant’s eggs is remarkably great. I find “scratch food” particularly adapted to their needs. Green feed must be fed continuously and they must be kept busy. I sow wheat, oats or barley in the pen and let the birds work for it. Sunshine is necessary for their health and comfort as is sand for a dust bath to keep their plumage fine, glossy and free from insects. Pheasants prefer to sleep in the open, even in rain. Pheasant hens in confinement are poor mothers and for this reason common hens are used to hatch the eggs taken from the pheasants. For the best results I advise bantams (Cochin bantams are perhaps the best). ; I find pheasants very easy to raise; I raise 80 per cent. of the hatches. It is all in knowing just how. Get the pheasant craze—they are a continual de- light! SUCCESSFUL PLANTING OF QUAIL ON LONG ISLAND. By Witiiam B. Bouton. Two months ago 1 made my annual report to the club and called the atten- tion of the members to the fact that there were so many quail on our pre- serve that their numbers might prove detrimental when the next nesting sea- son came around, and I incautiously showed this report to two of the officers of the American Game Protective Asso- ciation, who thereupon requested that I should speak on this matter at the pres- ent conference. During the autumn of 1904 there was an extremely heavy snowfall at the east- ern end of Long Island averaging over fifteen inches on the leyel in the open fields and about thirty inches in the woods where the underbrush helped to bear up the snow. At the end of that storm I went out on an inspection of our property and after two or three hours’ search I found three quail, one of which I shot. When I picked it up I found that it was nothing but a framework of skin and bone covered with feathers. We immediately took stepsi to obtain a fresh supply of birds to be delivered to us the following spring, as we were convinced that our native stock was practically ex- terminated. For the years 1905, 1906 and 1907 we obtained birds from Mr. Payne of Wichita, Kansas, which came from Oklahoma and the Indian Terri- tory, and we liberated part of these birds early in March of each year and late in December toward the close of the shoot- ing season. The old native Long Island — stock were large plump birds, averaging 7 to 7%4 ounces in weight, while these liberated quail did not run much, if any, over 544 to 6 ounces. As the years passed by we noticed that the descendants of these liberated birds were reverting more and more to the type of the natives both in size and color, until to-day there are many which are © scarcely distinguishable in their markings and weight from the original Long Isl- and stock. This experiment, if indeed it may be called an experiment, of restocking our preserve has been so highly successful that I think it is worth being called to the attention of all shooting clubs and individuals in this vicinity who may suf- fer from a temporary shortage of quail. — With us it was not altogether an experi- ment because I find that as far back as ~ 1891 the Flanders Club purchased quail coming from Virginia, North Carolina THE GAME BREEDER 43 and Tennessee, which were liberated in the more accessible portions of our ter- ritory. Some few birds were obtained from Florida and these retained their distinctive marking through the third generation, being much darker on the throat and breast. These birds were even smaller than the Western quail but caught up with them in about five years. After the almost total destruction of our native birds by snow storms the lib- erated quail, let out in March, nested freely and replenished the preserve by the following autumn. The Florida birds increased more rapidly, that is to say, produced larger bevies than any of the birds that we liberated, but we very quickly desisted from buying them be- cause we found that a whole bevy would light in trees instead of on the ground; although it is fair to say that subse- quently they outgrew this habit and acted like the original native birds. The success of the transplanting I have just described really depended on the maintenance of our preserve. Left to themselves, without adequate protec- tion, the birds would have succumbed quickly to the free shooting that prevails on unprotected land.. This brings up the important question of the value of the preserve in the protection of game. Probably no other one factor is of greater importance than the preserve in increasing the supply. Speaking broad- ly, there are two ways of attempting to protect game—that practiced in this country and that practiced in Europe and it is worth while to attempt to com- pare the two methods. In this country we have a mass of detailed legislation, all well meant and with the honest pur- pose of protecting the game supply. The chief characteristic is a multitude of re- strictions regulating how game shall be shot or captured and imposing limits on the daily or season’s bag for each indi- vidual sportsman. Practically all these laws ignore the rights of the farmers and other owners of the land and whether by intention or not, are framed almost en- tirely in the interests of that very large class of sportsmen who come from the cities and towns and who obtain their shooting on lands which do not belong to them, without paying for it and by counting onj the good nature of the land owners for their negative permission to do so. A weakness of our legislation lies in the fact that not sufficient police power is provided to secure enforcement and the further fact that even if there were sufficient police power it would be exceed- ingly difficult to obtain a strict enforce- ment of the bag limits. A greater weak- ness still lies in the fact that our legis- lation is not founded on the right prin- ciple. It aims at protection only by en- deavoring to restrict the number of birds killed instead of striving for means by which the amount of game can be in- creased. If the amount of game in a district can be increased the restrictions as to the bag limit may become a matter of indifference. In extreme cases too much restriction of shooting may even effect a decrease. For example, it is a well-known fact that on a Southern plan- tation where all shooting of quail is stopped for a series of years the number of birds on that plantation tends to de- crease. | On the other side of the ocean, and especially in England and Scotland, they go at the problem in a very different way. Instead of a mass of laws which would require for their enforcement a great police force they adopt this course: for all practical purposes they say to the land owners—“You are more concerned in the preservation and increase of the supply of game than any one else. If we can make it worth while, your selfish interests will turn you into a great vol- unteer army of game wardens and save the state the expense, bother and care of maintaining a police force for the en- forcement of its game laws.’ So the land owners have been given the benefit of two rather simple weapons of legis- lation—a trespass law which has effec« tually reduced the army of shooters. An interesting point about the gun licenses in England is that they are sold to all alike, resident or non-resident, for short periods or for the year, and the highest price charged is $15. 44 THE GAME BREEDER Given these two weapons to protect themselves, the land owners soon realized that the crop of game was in its way as important as any other crop, and that if they themselves did not care to shoot, the right to shoot could be sold to others for a very respectable sum. They also found that the larger the crop the more they could get for it, so their selfish interests made them study how to in- crease the supply and they succeeded so well by improved methods of keeping down the vermin, by limiting the sea- son’s bag for the ground and by increas- ing the food supply that game in England and Scotland has, during the past hun- dred years, increased by leaps and bounds. The same results could in a measure be obtained in this country pro- vided similar methods were used, but _ first the people must be educated as to the rights of the land owners and the immense value of preserves or restricted areas as a factor in increasing the game supply. It has long been a source of wonderment to me that the farmers of this country do not realize what they are losing by neglecting their game crop. In the South some progress has been made in this direction, but the farmers there have yet to learn that it lies completely in their own power greatly to increase the stock of game on their lands. Care- ful killing of vermin and a limit placed by the owner of the covers on the bag that might be taken during the season would accomplish wonders. Is it not possible that by combining the best of our laws and that part of the English and Scotch laws best adapted to condi- tions here that we could make progress far more rapidly than under present con- ditions ? In conclusion, I desire to acknowledge my indebtedness to Mr. Frederick S. Mead of Brookline, Mass., who has aided — me greatly in preparing the latter part of this statement, and I venture to say the Game Commission of his State would be able to profit largely if they should call on him to give them the benefit of his experience. 2a QUAIL BREEDING ON ROCKEFELLER ESTATE. By ArtHUR M. Barnes. Ever since Mr. William Rockefeller built Rockwood Hall at Tarrytown, N. Y., he has endeavored to stock the grounds with quail. The method which he employed was to purchase Southern birds in New York and liberate them. This did not prove successful, as the quail soon disappeared, there being no grain fields to attract them. In the fall of 1912, Mr. Herbert K. Job visited the estate on several occa- sions, explaining fully the details of his system of quail breeding. A supply of breeding stock was ob- tained from the West, and they arrived in good order January 17, 1913, their wings were clipped and they were placed in a large enclosure in which there was plenty of cover of evergreen boughs and low board shelters. In the early spring a man was secured to give his whole time to the game, and I wish to give Tom Warne credit for the hard season’s work he put in with quail and other game birds. We had not only the usual enemies of a game preserve, hawks, crows, foxes, skunks and weasels, but also the predatory animals of civilization, cats, rats and even the pet bull terrier at the Hall could not be convicted of murder till he was caught with the goods in the shape of a bantam © hen, the mother of twenty little quail. This was the third large brood of tender age that, he had rendered motherless. We built a dozen breeding-cages 8 feet long by 4 feet wide, covered with wire netting. We now use % inch square mesh to keep out weasels and have the frame set upon another frame of 2x4 lumber to which is nailed a strip of % inch netting sunk six inches in the ground, to discourage animals from bur- THE GAME BREEDER 45 rowing under the cages. A small box coop was also found very convenient to drive birds into when found necessary to move them. About April 1 we mated up the breed- ers, putting a pair in each breeding cage, which we had prepared by placing hem- lock boughs within for shelter from the sun. The meadow in which these dozen pairs of birds were placed was soon made cheerful by the spring call of the bobwhite and by the last of May we began collecting eggs from the pens. Thereafter they were gathered every few days and as soon.as we had twenty- five eggs they were set under a bantam hen. Nests were made on the ground in special coops of three nests each, which gave the hens a small yard for feeding and dusting. Buff Cochin ban- tams were found to make the most sat- isfactory mothers although some silkies were used the first year. The percen- tage of fertility in the eggs ran very high and a number of hatches gave us as many as twenty of the little bumble bees from twenty-five eggs. . The season of 1913 was unusually favorable for rearing game, at least in Tarrytown, June, July and August being very dry and what showers we had came generally at night. The young birds were left on the nest with the foster mother for a day after _ hatching and then if weather was favor- able they were removed to a small coop. Around this coop had been placed a fence of Y% inch wire netting 2% feet high, fastened in place by stakes driven in the ground. (The small quail try hard to get out and there must be no chinks under the wire.) For a week the brood would remain in that yard learn- ing to follow the hen and feed at her call. When we felt sure they had learned their lesson they were removed to the spot where we wished to rear them. Some would be placed on the lawns near the Hall, where a similar coop was provided and a similar yard surrounded them, but soon that yard was taken away and they were free to run over the grass in search of insects. How- ever, having learned dependence on the mother hen they would follow her even when fully grown. To one used to handling hens with chickens it is surprising to approach a brood of quail after they are well feath- ered and see them fly away when sur- prised, leaving the hen clucking franti- cally. They do not go far and soon return to the parent. Careful attention in closing up the coops at night is a necessary detail. When the lawns were parched for want of rain we put the late broods in the meadow where the grass is left uncut for the benefit of bird life. Swaths were mowed through the long grass as for plreasants. The birds reared in the meadow grew well, but never became as tame as those reared on the lawns where gardeners, lawn mowers, tree doctors and a flock of sheep were continually present. Three good-sized patches of buck- wheat were planted and these doubtless tended to hold many birds that might otherwise have left the region. The Hungarian or gray partridge also enjoyed the grain and have reared nice broods which have stayed with us. The season mentioned we reared to maturity about 150 quail. While we find that they have not always consulted the county map and settled on Mr. Rockefeller’s land, many of them have remained in the vicinity and have reared broods. We send feed to parties as far as two miles distant who inform us of a covey and are interested enough to feed them. © The feed used for young birds was dry bread crumbs mixed with hard boiled eggs, fed five times a day for the first few days, gradually changing to fine pheasant meal to which was added ants’ eggs or baked flies caught in wire traps. This was fed four times a day. Mag- gots were substituted occasionally. When a month old we began feeding fine grain and in a few weeks they had only this ration, being then able to obtain themselves all the animal food neces- sary. ; The question of raising quail for food is not worrying us very much just yet. 46 THE GAME BREEDER Others will tell you of greater numbers reared, but the principal point I wish to make is that the natural shyness of the quail can be overcome when they are reared quietly with bantam hens within sight of passers-by. To-day we have some of these com- panionable birds which were reared un- der the terrace of Rockwood Hall, being fed daily from a certain window of the house, and they are so tame that they show no alarm when the grain rattles — down on their backs. HOW WE RAISED 500 QUAIL By Matcotm DuNN. There is no reason to my mind why quail cannot be raised profitably, but they should be by themselves, and not where there are a lot of pheasants in process of rearing. You can give better atten- tion to them under such conditions. Last year we hatched out 600 and raised 500. I consider that good. The main thing is to feed light and not to overcrowd. In the spring of 1913 the New Jersey Game Commission received a shipment of quail from Oklahoma. We put twen- ty-five pairs in small movable pens and ten pairs in a pen one hundred feet square. They began to lay the last week in May. We got forty-six eggs from one pair. Some of them did not lay at all. We gathered the eggs once a week and always left two eggs in the nest. We tried taking all the eggs away from some, but we soon found out it paid to leave some in the nest, as when we took all the eggs away it stopped the laying for approximately a week. We put the eggs under small bantams, and when they hatched out, after twenty-four hours, we placed them in a field as we do young pheasants. We found out that the birds do much better if each brood is kept separate. We start feeding them with a custard—three eggs to a cup of milk. We use this for a day or two, then we feed a mixture of seeds, Spratts, chick grain, canary seed, ant eggs, and green food. We feed every three hours until a week old. / We raised 350 in 1913 and last year we raised 500. In the winter we put them in a large pen so they will have lots of room. The secret is to have pens enough to keep moving them into fresh ground. The ten pairs we put in the large pen. started laying sooner than those in the small pens, but we did not get so many eggs from them. Therefore, we think it best to pair them off in the small coops. We hatched quite a number out in the incubators, then put them with the ban- tams that hatched out. They did all right. We leave the birds out in the field until half grown before we put them in the pens. All the surplus cock birds and those we did not need for breeders were put out through different parts of the State. THE GAME BREEDER. 47 A Turtle Trap. TURTLES AND BASS. IeNw Jems, JL, 1b, JDsvcistiss It was about 4 o’clock in the afternoon when we had an unexpected opportunity of making observation which we con- sidered a rare one. We were delighted to see a turtle of the variety usually called a “skillypot” or “painted turtle” slowly making its way up this narrow channel in the direction of the bass nests. This turtle came along in turtle fashion, slowly and carefully, until it got within five or six feet of the nearest nest. Be- ing on the bottom and moving slowly the fish did not seem to notice the turtle until it got within a short distance of them. When the fish did recognize the turtle they immediately became very much excited, swimming over and around their nests and around and over each other. Finally one of them made a frantic dart at the turtle, which was an animal with a shell some six or eight inches long and some five or six inches wide. After the first two or three move- ments there was such a commotion in the water that it was hardly possible to see just what took place. Apparently the bass grabbed the turtle by the head, which would seem an unreasonable thing to do. However, this was the best ob- servation we could get at the time of what took place. The turtle was turned upside down, at any rate it appeared that way. All three bass made an attack on this animal, swimming past, around and un- der the turtle and striking the animal in some manner. It was not possible to see whether they grabbed the turtle with their mouths or whether they raked the animal with their dorsal spines. Ap- parently they grabbed him by the feet or tail or most anywhere with their mouths. They must have used their sharp dorsal spines as they passed under the animal. The turtle was on his back or side part of the time, and was appar- ently turned over by the fish grabbing it. Finally the turtle got his feet in some weeds, which enabled him to get to the bottom, and he immediately dis- appeared under a bunch of water plants that was near the shore. The fish were very much excited and swam up and . down the small inlet for some time. It took several minutes to become quiet and settle down to their regular work of guarding and fanning the eggs in the nests. Since the above observations were made we saw a rock bass grab a turtle by the head and turn it completely over. At the time we were watching the rock bass perform on its nest at a distance of not over two feet, The turtle, a small one with a shell not over five inches in length, came along almost crawling into the nest before it was discovered. The fish grabbed the outstretched head of the 48 THE GAME BREEDER turtle: and there was an immediate com-~ motion in the water that left the turtle on its back a foot or more from the nest. The turtle immediately disappeared and the fish was soon settled over the nest that it was guarding. The nests were visited the following morning, but no observations of import- ance were made. We caught three snakes with which to perform experi- ments by turning them loose near the bass nests. However, we did not suc- ceed in inducing the snakes to swim near the bass as we desired. The snakes would not perform as we hoped they would. They were stubborn and mulish, and always went in the wrong direction. We have on other occa- sions seen bass tackle snakes and dis- ~able’ or ‘even swallow them. One snake that was apparently too ‘large to be swallowed was so disabled that it could not swim except in irregular curves. During the afternoon of the same day these nests were destroyed by parties who were seining for minnows, and who were unaware of the presence of the bass nests and of their value to a student of fish culture. A minnow net: had been pulled over the beds, and the following day there were no eggs in the nests and no bass present guarding them, which goes to show that if the nests are — disturbed by pulling a seine or net over them the parent fish do not return, and the eggs, if not destroyed or eaten by small fish, would soon die of white fungus disease. THE RAINBOW TROUT. By JoHN GILL. Perhaps before this chapter is in print there will be no Rainbow trout. The debate of the question whether the Rainbow and Steelhead trout are one and the same has waxed warmer for some years among learned men. The greatest American ichthyologist, Dr. David Starr Jordan, has during the past twenty years held four opinions on this question, and may even now have changed his mind again. This readiness to reconsider his views on the subject indicates a broad and receptive attitude, and it also indicates to the layman that this question is a difficult and puzzling subject. In one of his earlier descriptions Doc- tor Jordan has written: “There are no circumstances in which I have not been able to distinguish the Rainbow from the Steelhead.” In a work by Doctor Jordan and Charles F. Holder (1909) the opinion is less positive, as follows: “Very careful comparison of specimens leaves no doubt that the two are dis- tinct.” Two years ago Doctor Jordan told the writer of this article that he thought it probable the two types sprang from a common parentage and might be one and the same fish. The apparent difference between a Steelhead recently from the sea and a typical adult “Redside”’ or Rainbow is surely greater than the dif- ference between a Rainbow of a pound weight and a Clark trout of that size; yet we have no confusion of the two latter. The greatest chance for doubt is when the Steelhead, in the spawning season, acquires a red side and enlarged head and jaws. Let us leave out any consideration of the fish least known to both scientist and angler—Mason trout, which is believed to inhabit only streams west of the Cas- cade summits—and take into account the type which most anglers know as Rain- bow or Red side, found only in streams of the Cascades and eastward, at least in Oregon, Washington and northward. The first and most prominent distin- guishing trait of a Rainbow adult fish, of two years old and more, is the pe- culiar red stripe along the side, follow- ing pretty closely the median line from the opercle to the tail. This mark in the Rainbow is a narrow stripe, not half an inch wide in fish of a pound weight, THE GAME BREEDER and not much wider than half an inch in very large specimens of even five pounds and more. Both sexes bear this mark, but it is brighter and bigger on males. On a typical Rainbow this stripe is densely red, nearly Indian red, and so clearly defined that it appears as if painted with one sweep of a narrow paintbrush. It is not a rosy blush such as we see on the side of a male Cut- throat, but a dense, livid, narrow bar. This mark is more brilliant at the be- ginning of the mating season, and grows misty and faint after spawning. I think this mark is more pronounced on Rain- bows of waters east of the Cascades. Certainly no such vivid band is seen on Clark or Mason or Dolly Varden trout, nor ever on the Steelhead of my ac- quaintance. On any but the Rainbow, where a rosy or purple tint is seen on the sides. of the trout it is a thin, trans- parent tint, extending over more than half the side of the fish vertically. In the Rainbow typically marked the stripe _ is vivid, dense in color, sharply defined —not shading faintly away-into the gen- eral color as it does in other species— and is a narrow stripe, not more than one-sixth the width of the side. There seems to be no good reason for naming this fish “Rainbow,” but it is a splendid name. In no trait save the red side does he resemble the bow of heaven more than his fellows; and the stripe instead of being seven-hued is one bright, dense, bricky red. A trout so marked is certain to have all the other traits of the Rainbow and to be no more readily mistaken for any other species than a carp for a salmon. But not all Rainbow are thus distin- guishable. Until two years old, when they first spawn, all the family are much less vividly marked, and may be readily mistaken for Clark trout when the lat- ter are adult and in spawning dress, when the male Clark or Cutthroat trout has the wide, faint, rosy sheen which then, appears. Old males of the Irideus or Rainbow family frequently take on livid, blotchy colors and the whole fish is sometimes as red as a spent dog salmon. 49. From an Angler’s Diary these notes will help to fix the “stripe” feature. The reader will observe that one lot of fish is from Blue mountain waters and the other from Cascades. “May 28, 19—, Reuben Montgomery displayed in a window a lot of fine trout caught by him in the McKenzie river. One was a big Dolly Varden, 28 in. long, weight 81% Ibs. dressed. Eight were Rainbows of one to two lbs. weight. The red bar on side was very striking; as deep as if painted in Indian red. On every fish this extended from opercle to base of tail.” “Oct. 28, 1912, Mr. Finley has fine specimens of Rainbows caught yesterday in Umatilla by C. K. Cranston. All typi- cal, no doubt about them. Eight to twelve inchs long. All bear distinct stripe of deep red along median line and a little below. In the largest this stripe is half inch wider midships. It begins rather narrow and fainter in color at the opercle and diminishes near the tails Two great ichthyologists state that the “Rainbow may be known by the num- bers of scales in a line from head to tail, which is about 120.” Both say its scales are larger than in the Steelhead or Clark trout. One of these scientists is Doctor David Starr Jordan. He named this trout “Rainbow” in 1870, the specimen being taken in San Leandro creek, near Ala- meda, California. The description given by Doctor Jor- dan of the Rainbow seems to be fol- lowed implicitly by many writers, though very incomplete, and even questionable. The statement that “its head is larger than any other Pacific trout” is open to question, the pictures illustrating the ar- ticle showing the Clark trout’s head to be the larger of the two. Perhaps the Rainbow trout of California differs from ours, but two-year-old Rainbows, eight to ten inches long, from Oregon waters, show a considerably smaller head length than Clark trout of the same size. In unusually large fish of either species, es- pecially breeding males, the head is dis- proportionately large. In all under-size trout the tail is much 50 THE GAME BREEDER more deeply indented than in mature, large specimens. All big Rainbows I have seen show a “square” or nearly right line along the margin of the tail when fairly extended. This is so notice- able a feature that in many places this trout is commonly called “‘square-tailed trout.” Certainly the shape of the Rainbow’s tail distinguishes him easily from Clark trout, which has a rounded hollow in the mid-margin, and the corners or lobes gracefully rounded. In the Rainbow the points are sharply angular, as in the Steelhead. The difference between the tails of all the salmon is easily learned, but is so little as to confuse Steelhead and Rainbow. One of the characteristics given by Doctor Jordan is: “Head obtusely ridged above.” Several other writers copy this description exactly. It is plain that they have taken the Doctor’s statement without question, permission or exami- nation. Look for the “obtuse ridge,” and see if there’s any such feature. Doctor Jordan says, “the mouth is smaller than in Cutthroat,’ and so it is. This difference is evident. The gape of the Rainbow from tip of jaw to corner of the mouth is about one-fourth less than in Cutthroat. The angle of the open mouth in Rainbow is just in line with front edge of eye-pupil. In Cut- throat the mouth extends back to middle of pupil or farther. In young and medium size fish the Rainbow’s head is distinctly more blunt and rounded than in any other of our trouts. In this feature there is a notice- able difference from the adult Steelhead, which has a more pointed upper jaw. Comparison, I believe, will establish this difference as one certain mark of recognition. There is an “innocent” air in the profile of the Rainbow, due to this roundness of the front of the maxillary. The eye seems to be a very notable point too. In recent examinations I have observed the eye of Rainbows to be peculiar by reason of its larger size— one-fifth greater diameter than that of Clark trout—and by a staring look which the latter has not. The iris in Rainbow is broader than the Clark and of a clear, pale yellow, with rarely any spots in or on the iris, while the eyes of many Clark trout examined recently show the iris to be almost covered by dark spots resembling the spots of the surrounding skin. The narrow band of iris surround- ing pupil is also of a darker, rich gold. My opportunity for observation of Rainbow is rare, and I do not venture to be dogmatic concerning him,; but I hope this peculiar difference in sizes and marking of the eye may prove to be dis- tinctive. One other peculiarity marking the Rainbow is the usual presence of spots on the cheek or opercle, black and round Color and shape of these spots, as well as the peculiarity of their placing, seems a distinct trait. The general color of the Rainbow, ex- cept in breeding season, differs little from Clark trout, except diemmeampar Sometimes a Rainbow is very profusely ‘spotted, but usually the Clark trout is more numerously speckled. There is, I believe, a real difference in the majority of the spots, in shape. I thought two years ago that in the spots was a sure mark. Specimens of Rain- bow then seen were marked mostly by little crescent-shaped spots, sometimes joined together making a “3,” and with occasionally a third crescent attached to the “3”; but I found some Clark trout with the same marks. However, the spots of the Clark are mostly larger, and are of an irregular circular or hexagonal type. The spots on base of tail are larger and blacker in the Clark trout. The variation of spots and colors in all trout, at certain times, is so great that few naturalists would risk an opin- ion on these alone. The Rainbow fre- quently has red stripes under the mandi- ble, but they are narrow. The Clark trout is sometimes almost without these, but where present they are twice as broad as in a Rainbow of the same size. Both fish return from the sea with hardly a trace of this throat mark. Authorities referred to above state that the Rainbow is the typical trout of coastwise streams, and that it is not OO a a THE GAME BREEDER 51 found east of the Sierra Nevada or Cascade ranges; yet in the same chapter the waters of the Klamath lake and its tributaries are cited as the most re- markable Rainbow trout fishing in America. The great typical Rainbow is not found in Oregon or Washington coastal rivers, though abundant in Rogue river above Grants Pass. Neither is it seen in the west-side streams of the Willam- ette. It prefers, apparently, the large streams of the Cascades, both east and west slopes, and appears to be more abundant in the southern rivers—Mc-. Kenzie, Rogue, Klamath, Shasta, etc. It finds its way up the Sacramento to Goose lake, and is also abundant in Deschutes, Klickitat, White Salmon and a few other mid-Columbia rivers. Some of the finest specimens ever seen in Portland came from Silvies river, a large stream flowing into the land-locked waters of Malheur lake. Lewis river is the farthest west that I have seen Rainbow trout, but prob- ably Kalama has some too. Naturalists speak of Rainbows (as distinct from the Steelhead) being found in the waters of the sea on British Columbia and Alaskan coasts. Dolly Varden trout of great size swarm in the Alaska seas in the neighborhood of the rivers, and thousands are canned as salmon on Bristol Bay, in the southeast corner of Behring Sea. Several times I have seen Clark trout among young salmon from Puget Sound, and they had been netted in the same haul at sea. The eastern brook trout goes to sea from St. Lawrence river, and returns silvery and spotless as “seatrout.”’ The ten- dency of this tribe of trout seems to be to go to sea, at least from adjacent rivers, and the Rainbow is probably no exception. Of the Clark trout’s going to sea and return we know a little—more than is known of any of the others, yet very little. There are few things else that I would rather know with certainty than these times of the trout’s sea-going, the trout’s reasons therefor, the changes produced in their traits by this sea- dwelling, and their return to the rivers. The difficulty of observation is very great, yet some of our coast streams seem to offer ready opportunities. As to the sporting quality of the Rain- bow, most of my readers are better in- formed than I. Men who write good books upon angling give this trout high praise, and some say he is the greatest fighter among the trouts. Most eastern writers think him inferior in this trait to the eastern brook trout. The Rainbow has been successfully planted in many waters of the eastern United States, in Europe and in New Zealand. In the latter country it has in- creased enormously both in numbers and size, the giants of the tribe being numer- ous there. At this writing it appears that the “otherwise than by shocting” nonsense in New York has gone where the woodbine twineth. We fired several broadsides at this nonsense and for the last time we reprint our cartoon illustrating field sports as they were constituted in New York by confirmed mischief makers. Farewell, “otherwise” nonsense, we are glad you’re going. THE GAME BREEDER 55 John W, Talbot, of Indiana. Two Heroes. We print in this issue the portraits of two prominent members of The Game Conservation Society who won, recently, two important battles for the right against a field so full of prejudice, poli- tics and graft that even the dean of sportsmen at one time regarded it as impregnable. Mr. John W. Talbot, of Indiana, is entitled to the credit of putting through a most liberal game breeders’ law in his State. Hon. Walter R. Eaton is entitled to the credit of putting through a most lib- eral game breeders’ Jaw in his. State— Oklahoma. Both States undoubtedly will produce game abundantly and we promise their people that the food shall be sold in New _ York. We propose to dine on some Western game served in New York within a year. Some one may go to jail, possibly, but we think on the show-down the game politicians of the old school will pass; if they do not, they surely will hear from the people if some of them go to jail for serving or eating food legally produced on the farms under laws specially enacted for that purpose. The more game crowd is an enthusiastic crowd, and some have volunteered in writing to go to jail in other States if they be foolishly arrested. Possibly we may show a New York diner behind the bars. CORRESPONDENCE. Editor Game Breeder: When my customers ask for a periodi- cal on game breeding I always recom- mend The Game Breeder as being the only thing worth while. HELEN BARTLETT. Cassopolis, Mich. The Game Beeeden Is “It.” Advertising Manager, Game Breeder: A few days after my little ad ap- peared in The Game Breeder it sold 300 eges to go to Massachusetts, 100 to go to New York and just now I have another good order. Your paper is it! Yours for more game, Danville, Ill. C. E. BREMAN. The Boone and Crockett Club, N. Y. Editor The Game Breeder: Sickness and absence from home pre- vented my acknowledging yours of the 3d. Though not authorized to speak for this club, I am personally strongly of the opinion that the commercial produc- tion of game should be encouraged, and I can see no reason why I should not be allowed to kill and sell a pheasant which was raised in my barnyard as well as the ducks and chickens which often eat out of the same trough in winter. The former cost me most and I am as good a judge of time and season in one case as in another. Also the idea that birds will ever in- crease under the present laws so as to provide “free shooting for all men” and meet the demand is a hazy dream. I cannot endorse the ‘“Machold” bill because I have not been able to procure a copy and am going West to-night. Yours truly, W. A. WapswortH. 56 THE GAME BREEDER The Spraying of Plants. The spraying of plants and trees with poisons in order to destroy insects un- doubtedly has resulted in the destruction of some birds. Eaton says “the opinion is usually held that this danger is largely exagger- ated; but when we consider the fact that dead birds in any case are very rarely seen, the fact that we find so few which have been killed by spraying op- erations is not at all surprising. Dead birds are quickly put out of sight by cats, dogs and skunks, or buried by the sexton beetles and other scavangers. Sick birds almost always fly away to some shelter, an instinct which is uni- versal among wild creatures, and thus the deadly effects of the spraying upon bird life are rarely observed. There can be no doubt that many birds such as cuckoos and orioles feeding continuously on poisoned caterpillars finally succumb to the cumulative effect of the arsenical poisons which are most commonly em- ployed. There is some remedy in the fact that birds will rarely touch larvae that. show evidence of sickness, and probably never touch them after they are dead. The author, however, has exam- ined two cuckoos which evidently died from arsenical poisoning, and other in- stances have been reported by Brewster, Ridgway and Forbush, and by many in- habitants of New York State. We be- lieve that the decrease of both species of cuckoos in the apple districts of west- ern New York is partly due to their gluttonous desire for caterpillar diet. We have often wondered how much damage was done to the quail and other game birds by spraying poison. Since no spraying was ever done on any of the places where we have made game birds plentiful we have had no means of observation. The farmers should under- stand that it is an easy matter when gamekeepers are employed to make not only the game birds but all other birds so quickly overabundant that there will be barely enough insects to go round and the birds, of course, prefer their insects alive and unpoisoned. It is well known that in places where game birds are preserved it is necessary often to supply extra insect foods or substitutes.’ Ant eggs and insect prep- arations are sold, and the Spratts of Newark, New Jersey, manufacture and sell large quantities of crissel, a substi- tute for insect food. One thing is certain, it is ae more interesting to have an abundance of game on a country place than it is to spray the place with poison. The game birds, especially quail and grouse, quickly can be made very profitable. We can find purchasers for extra stock birds at from one to several dollars per bird in large Readers who have quail or. grouse to sell will please write. These are sold without the necessity of advertising and the sales are increasing. Pheasant Breeding in Ohio. Senator Wickline’s bill providing that it shall be lawful for citizens of Ohio to engage in the business of raising and selling English, ring-neck, Mongolian or Chinese pheasants, upon the payment of. a fee of fifty cents for a breeders’ license to breed the birds for commercial pur- poses, passed in the Senate and General John C. Speaks, chief game warden, writes that he thinks the bill will be favorably acted upon in the House. The bill should, of course, provide for licenses to breed all species of game. All game is! good to eat and the people who wish to produce any kind and the people who wish to eat it should not be regarded as criminals. Pheasants are very good to eat but wild ducks are easier to rear and equally good on the table. Most of the States which have breeders’ laws permit the profitable breeding of wild ducks. Some States now permit the breeding of all species of game. Okla- homa has just enacted a law which per- mits the breeding of all species. Farms in Oklahoma are more valuable on this account than farms are in States which do not encourage the profitable produc- tion of game. Members of the Game Conservation Society are requested to purchase from those who advertise. THE GAME BREEDER 57 More About Naked Ducks. The law, intended to stop the importa- tion of bird feathers for millinery pur- poses but which resulted in sportsmen being held up when returning from Can- ada provided their ducks did not appear in the altogether, or “naked” as one of our Boston readers said, is one of the numerous silly laws which the news- papers often term “fool laws.” The Audubon Association, which did most to secure the passage of the law, joined our Game Conservation Society in asking for a change in the treasury ruling to prevent the annoyance of sportsmen which was not contemplated when the law was enacted. To-day the Assistant Secretary of the Treasury, Mr. A. J. Peters, who had charge of the matter, sends us the order made and provided to protect the return- ing sportsman. The order indicates that the law re- mains in the “fool law” class. Sports- men should not be required to leave ‘“‘not less than $10,”’ or any other sum condi- tioned that they later file depositions proving that they have burned or other- wise destroyed their wild duck feathers after the birds were wun-dressed, or dressed, as poultrymen say. Deer Breeding in Minnesota. My experience in propagation of deer Was very interesting. I made a start with one pair, a buck and a doe of the Minnesota red deer. I put them in an enclosure about 50 by 100 fenced with wrie netting 8 feet high and had a small shed in which they could go if they wished, but I found that the only time they seemed to care for cover was in exceedingly hot weather. They were very much contented and seemed to enjoy, more than anything else the presence of the school children who would stop and play with them on their way to and from school. I fed them on table scraps, corn and oats and gave them a little hay once a day ; never more than they would eat up clean. They were also very fond of pumpkin and beets and would eat any kind of weeds. They kept the ground absolutely free from vegetation but still they did well and at the end of four years I had thirteen deer. I then thought that it was a shame to keep them in such a small enclosure so I fixed up for them what I considered an ideal park, on my Blue Mound Farm, where there was plenty of shade and an abundance of grass and some huge rocks under which they could take shelter if they wished, but they seemed to miss the company which they had in town and did not do well. The result was at the end of another three years they were all dead. There is one thing in the connection of propagating of game of which the laws of most of the States are entirely wrong: They permit a person under certain condition to raise game in captivity but will not permit them to be sold or slaughtered. This cuts off every possible means of revenue so a person really has nothing but the pleasure to reward him for the care he is put to and he is sure to entail a considerable expense. If the different States would encour- age raising game in captivity and with reasonable restrictions permit them to be slaughtered or sold at certain seasons of the year, then the raising of game could be made a profit as well as a pleasure and when there is profit and pleasure - combined it gives that necessary encour- agement which spells success. I do not expect to again engage in raising any kind of game in Minnesota while the present laws exist, but I am expecting to make my winter home in the lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas, where I own considerable land, which is an ideal location for all kinds of game and as I like the laws of Texas much better than those of Minnesota, I believe that I can associate profit with pleasure in that locality. R. B. HINKLy. Wood pigeons and rooks are said to have become a perfect pest in parts of Yorkshire, England. “It has been sug- gested that night shoots should be ar- ranged for. 58 THE GAME BREEDER A Good Book and Two Bulletins. We take pleasure in announcing a new book entitled, “Propagation of Wild Birds; a Manual of Applied Ornithol- ogy,’ by Herbert K. Job, economic or- nithologist in charge of the department of Applied Ornithology of the National Association of Audubon Societies. This book, which soon will be issued, will con- tain much matter of especial interest to game breeders. In it are described in full practical detail the methods success- fully used in America by various experts in the propagation of upland game-birds and water fowl, and also methods of attracting the smaller land birds. It is fully illustrated by photos from life and will be published early in May by Doubleday, Page & Co., $2 net. To avoid mistakes, it has been read before publi- cation, in part or entire, by such experts as D. W. Huntington, editor of The Game Breeder, F. C. Walcott, Dr. George W. Field, A. G. MacVicar and T. Gilbert Pearson. Further to help the popular more game movement, the National Associa- tion of Audubon Societies is publishing, for free distribution, two handsome and extended pamphlets, with half-tones and colored frontispieces, on propagation of upland game birds and propagation of American water fowl, in a first edition of ten thousand each. These are also ~ by Mr. Job, being abbreviated treatment of the same. subjects as found in the book, where they are thoroughly han- dled. The first will be out before we go to press, the other shortly after. We want to place them where they will do good. Those who will be helped by them are invited to write to The Game Breeder, 150 Nassau St., New York. Outings and Innings. A man promptly gets thirty days for killing a cat and a boy ninety days for killing a rabbit. It is safer to kill hu- man beings and get—off- PSOSOOOOES OO OOOOE OOO OOEC EO EEE EEOOO OOOO OOOOOC66333337933 CCEEOOOE SOOOOHCO OOOO OOEOOCOCOOEOCOE SCO ECECOCOECOEECEOOLOCO6O66O0 WILD FOWL EGGS Canadian Geese, Black—Wood—Mallard—Duck and English Ring-Necked Pheasant Eggs SCOCOOEEOOO a Last season the State of Massachusetts g bought my Mallard Eggs exclusively. ; The Mallards are warranted pure bred : ducks, captured wild. 7 | SCOOCOCOE WRITE FOR PRICES AND OTHER INFORMATION JOHN HEYWOOD Box B, GARDNER, MASS. 999290-099099-00099-99-990-999099900-999999-99999992909990990900000 THE GAME BREEDER © 59 The Most Popular Event _ eu at a house party or week-end gathering is usually the TRAPSHOOTING " $THE DU PONT HAND TRAP contest. Men and women of all ages join in The Sport Alluring with the same enthusiasm. Spacious grounds and permanent installations are not necessary to enjoy this facinating pastime. At your home, in camp or on your motor boat you can shoot to your heart’s content by using the Du Pont HAND TRAP to throw your targets. It weighs only six pounds and will fit into suitcase with targets and shells. Price, $4.00 delivered! For our free booklets on trap- shooting, write Dept. 354S. DU PONT POWDER CO. Established 1892 Wilmington Delaware HAND TRAP SHOOTING ON THE LAWN THE CLIFTON GAME AND FOREST SOCIETY The Home of the Bob-White Quail. We offer for immediate or future delivery 5,000 Ring- Neck Pheasants; also pure Golden Pheasants, Silver Pheasants, Lady Ambherts Pheasants, etc. Wild Tur- keys, Gray Wild Mallard Ducks, Black Mallard Ducks. Ornamental Swans, Geese and Ducks for prop- agation purpoce. For particulars write to WM. A. LUCAS, (Curator on Quail) 87 Thomas Street, (- - New York City Largest Breeder and Planter of Bob- Whites 60 THE GAME BREEDER Ee CLASSIFIED ADVERTISEMENTS . Announcements inserted under this head in small type for 2 cents per word. If displayed in heavy type, 5 cents per word. No advertisement accepted for less than 30 cents. Postage stamps accepted in payment. THE GAME BREEDER 150 Nassau Street New York City aa LIVE GAME PHEASANT AND JAPANESE PHOENIX FOWL Eggs for sale; several varieties. S V. REEVES, 114 E. Park Ave., Haddonfield, N. J. GET WISE—RAISE PHEASANTS FOR PASTIME. Profitable and fascinating. Send for prices. CON- NECTICUr FARMS PHEASANTRY, Union, Union County, N. J. QUAIL, PARTRIDGES, WILD FOWL, DEER AND other animals. See display advertisement in this issue. WM. J MACKENSEN, Proprietor Pennsylvania Pheas- antry and Game Park. WILD GEESE. DUCKS, SWANS, ETC SEE DIS- play advertisement in thisissue. WHEALTON WILD WATER-FOWL FARMS, Chincoteague Island, Va. WILD TURKEYS—For prices see display advertisement in this issue. W. J. MACKENSEN, Yardley, Bucks County, Pa. FOR SALE—Pheasants and eggs. Everything in the pheasant family. Pamphlet with order free. BUCK- WOOD PHEASANTRIES, Dunfield, Warren Co., New Jersey. (xot) CASH PAID FOR PEA FOWLS. State age and sex. Will buy 500 Ring Necks, roo Amherst. roo Goldens, 100 Reeves. State your best price. HELEN BARTLETT, Cassopolis, Michigan. : WILD DUCKS. GEESE, PHEASANTS, PEA FOWL, Guineas, and Barred Rock Chickens of highest quality of perfection with a great show record back of them. OAK GROVE POULTRY YARDS, Yorkville, Illinois. FOR SALE.—WILD DUCKS AND GEESE, MAL- lards, Pintail, Snow Geese, White Fronts, Canadas, for propagating and scientific purposes, at reasonable prices. All birds in good condition. Write GEO. J. KLEIN, Ellinwood, Kansas. PEACOCKS, ALL KINDS OF PHEASANTS, WHITE African Guineas, for sale, pure blooded, non-related. I will buy Amherst, Reeves and Pea fowls. JOHN TAL- BOT, South Bend, Indiana. 9-14-6m. WANTED—STAR AND SHORT STRIPE SKUNK. Sharp-tailed grouse For Sale—Narrow stripe skunk, fancy foundation stock, $5.00 pair. Wald geese and duck ggs in season. ENVILLA STOCK & FUR FARM, Cogswell, N. D. WE CAN FURNISH PHEASANTS, WILD DUCKS, rare animals, birds of all kinds Pure bred dogs, Angora cats, monkeys, ferrets, etc. Circulars free. DETROIT BIRD STORE, Detroit. Mich. FALLOW DEER, HARES, AND HUNGARIAN PAR- TRIDGES wanted .for March delivery; quote prices SAMUEL WILBUR, Englishtown, N. J. FOR SALE — PEACOCK, each $6.00; MAMMOTH Flemish Rabbit $4.00 a pair at six months. Angora rabbit $300 a pair. Pigeons: silvered pouters $500 a pair, white fantails $2.00, white dragon $2 00, red homer $100. J.J. GAREAU, St. Roch l'Achigan, Quebec Can. PHEASANTS OF NINE VARIETIES; STOCK AND eggs. Ringnecks contractable by the thousand. DAISY FARM, San-Lorenzo, California. PHEASANTS WANTED. ONLY RARE VARIETIES such as Tragopans, Manchurian, Firebacks, Impeyans, etc. Kindly quote price. A. J. MERLE, Alameda, Calif. FOR SALE—IMPORTED AUSTRALIAN PAPEBAR- RON geese, white India sacred doves, Australian crested _ igeon, large bronze winged doves, pearl-neck doves and Meadatin i ee THE AVIARY, East Lake Park, Los Angeles, California. DOGS BEARHOUNDS, IRISH WOLFHOUNDS, BI.OOD- HOUNDS. Fox, deer,cat and lion hounds. Trained and young stock. s0-page illustrated catalogue 5-cent stamp. ROOKWOOD KENNELS, Lexington, Ky NORWEGIAN BEAR DOGS, IRISH WOLFHOUNDS, English bloodhounds, Russian wolfhounds, American fox- hounds, lion, cat, deer, wolf, coon and varmint dogs. Al} trained. Shioped on trial Satisfacfion guaranteed or money refunded Purchasertodecide. Fifty page highly illustrated catalogue, 5c. stamp. ROOKWOOD KEN- NELS, Lexington, Kentucky. CONDITIONS MAKE THIS OFFER POSSIBLE THE BLUE GRASS FARM KENNELS, of Berry, Ky.. otfer for sale setters and pointers, fox and cat hotinds, wolf and deer hounds. Coon and opossum hounds, var- mint and rabbit hounds, English bloodhounds, bear and lion hounds, also Airedale terriers. All dogs shipped on thirty days’ trial, purchaser to judge the quality, satisfac- tion guaranteed or money refunded. Sixty page, highly illustrated, instructive and interesting catalogue for ten cents in stamps or coin. 20% reduction allowed on all orders. received within thirty days. \ AIREDALES—THE GREAT ALL ’ROUND DOG. Collies of the best possible blood, beautiful, intelligent ; have puppies, grown dogs and brood matrons Send for large list. W.R. WATSON, Box 711, Oakland, Iowa. Our Wild Fowl and Waders A Practical Book on Wild Duck Breeding for Sport or Profit. Fully Illustrated $1.50 The Game Breeder New York 150 Nassau Street In writing to advertisers please mention The Game Breeder or sign your letters: “Yours for More Game.” THE GAME BREEDER 61 CHESAPEAKE BAY DUCK RETRIEVERS. Thoroughbred stock. Bred and raised on the James River and Chesapeake Bay. Shot over almost every day of the duck shooting season. Dogs and pups for sale. 4 fine female puppies, 6 months old, at $15.00 each. Just right to break this season. JOHN SLOAN, Lee Hall, Virginia. FOR SALE—MALE AND FEMALE SETTER PUP- PIES. 6 months old, registered stock A.K.C $25.00 will take both. C. A. KURZEL, 184 Fairview Ave., Jersey City, N. J. N. Y.& N.J. Tel Conn. GAMEHEEPERS » HEAD GAMEKEEPER OR SUPERINTENDENT— wanted by experienced man as above, 20 years’ first-class character in England and America. Understand raising of all kinds of Game and Ducks, training and management of Dogs, trapping of all kinds of Vermin. B, care of The Game Breeder, 150 Nassau St . New York. SUPERINTENDENT.— Wanted, by experienced man, 25 years, first-class references from large estates and game farms where 3.000 pheasants have been penned and 20,000 raised yearly. Understand the raising of all kinds of gameand wild duck, management ot incubators, testing of eggs, trapping of vermin training and management of dogs and all duties making of rabbit warrens. W.B., care of The Game Breeder, 150 Nassau St, N. Y. City. POSITION WANTED AS SUPERINTENDENT OF large estate or game preserve by a professional forester and gamekeeper. Very capable man with fish and game production of all kinds ; also breeding and training sport- ing jogs. Excellent trapper. Highly recommended. Address SUPERINTENDENT, care of the Game Breed- er, 150 Nassau Street, New York. GAMEKEEPER— LIFE EXPERIENCED REARING land and water fowl, training and handling high class shooting dogs, conditioning for shows. A-l rearing pup- pies, well up in veterinary, competent manager of club or private estate. Distance immaterial. J. H. W., care of The Game Breeder, 150 Nassau St., N. Y. City. GAMEKEEPER—WANTS SITUATION FOR NEXT season. Skilled in pheasant and duck rearing, Will be open for employment January rst. Reason for changing position is desire to get a change of climate for family A. E. JAMES, care of The Game Breeder, 150 Nassau St., New York City. HEAD GAMEKEEPER, SCOTCH, WANTS SITUA- tion. Thoroughly experienced in rearing pheasants, wild ducks, turkeys and partridges; 26 years’ experien’e. Can be highly recommended. R J. M., care of The Game Breeder, 150 Nassau Street, New York. GAMEKEEPER REQUIRES SITUATION, UNDER- stands all duties. Best references from Europe and this country. Address M. F.. care of The Game Breeder, iso Nassau Street. New York. GAME EGGS ENGLISH PHEASANT EGGS FOR SALE. the setting of 15 eggs, or $17.50 the hundred. KIMBALL, Beloit, Wisconsin. BOOK YOUR ORDER NOW FOR CHINESE RING- neck pheasant eggs, Oregon’s famous game bird. $3 00 er dozen, $20.00 per hundred. OREGON BIRD & HEASANT FARM, Beaverton, Oregon. WILD DUCKS, GEESE, PHEASANTS, EGGS FOR HATCHING. The State of Massachusetts buys my eggs exclusively. Why don’t you? My Mallards consist of about one thousand captured wild birds which fly about my preserve, building their nests and raising their young as in the wild home. I also offer wood, black ducks, Can- adian geese and pheasant eggs. Write for information. JOHN HEYWOUD, Box B, Gardner, Massachusetts. $3.00 Car. PHEASANT EGGS FOR SALE-Contracts for the season. Gold and Prince of Wales, $25.00. WIL- LITS Pheasantry, Willits, California. MALLARD DRAKES AND EGGS FOR SALE. Eggs at the rate of $2.00a setting. REDDEN QUAIL CLUB, Paoli, Pennsylvania. WILD MALLARD DUCK EGGS $1.50 per dozen; safe delivery anywhere, full blooded (send draft), no limit, large orders $10.00 hundred. C. E. BREMAN CO., Danville, Illinois. RING NECK PHEASANT EGGS FROM CHOICE stock. Order now for early delivery. $250 fer setting of x15 eggs. EDWARD W. DOLAN, Worthington, Minn FOR SALE—PHEASANT EGGS FOR HATCHING. Golden and pure Lady Amherst. One pair year old byped birds for sale. E.R. ANDERSON, So. Hamilton, P. O., Mass. RINGNECK EGGS $10 PER HUNDRED Contracts for the season. Gold and Prince of Wales, $25.00. WILLITS PHEASANTRY, Willits, California. ENGLISH RING-NECK PHEASANTS’ EGGS FOR HATCHING, from strong healthy stock. $3 a setting. $23 a hundred. Miss HOPE PICKERING, Hope Poultry Farm, Rumford, R. I. PHEASANT EGGS FOR DELIVERY IN MAY AND JUNE, $15 per 110; $125 per 1100. Guaranteed 90% fer- tile Packed in dry wood will keep good for a month ARTHUR DAVIS, The Pheasantries, Denner Hill, Great Wissenden, Buck, England (Associate Game Guild). RING NECK PHEASANT EGGS FOR HATCHING. $3.00 per setting. ERNEST WOODER, Oxford Jct, Towa. GAME BIRDS WANTED WANTED—IMPEYAN, ELLIOTT, SWINHOE, MAN- churian, fireback, peacock, Mexican Royal and other fancy stock pheasants ; also quails, Bob-white, grouse, wild doves, squirrels wood-duck, white peafowl and Java pea- fowl. * WEINBERG, East Lake Park, Los Angeles, Cal. I AM IN THE MARKET FOR CALIFORNIA MOUN- tain partridges and masked Bob-whites. F. A., care of The Game Breeder. 150 Nassau Street, New York. WANTED—ANY OF THE FOLLOWING VARIETIES of pheasants. Must bein full feather and free from scaly leg and in good health. Swinhoe, Tragopan Satyr. Blyth Tragopan, Veilot Fireback. White Crested Pheasants, Soemmering, Cheer Elliotts, Borneo Fireback. Pair Man- churian Eared that have bred in captivity. In addressing this office state age. number, sex and lowest cash price. CHILES & CO., Mt. Sterling, Kentucky. PIGEONS BEST HOMERS AND CARNEAUX PIGEONS TIME and money can produce. Pictures and description free. Write NATIONAL SQUAB FARM, Itasca, Texas. MISCELLANEOUS RUFFED GROUSE WANTED, STATE PRICE. A. I. W., care of The Game Breeder, 150 Nassau Street, New York. WANTED—ACORNS, STATE PRICE PER BUSHEL. A. 1. W., care of The Game Breeder, 150 Nassau Street, New York. RANCHED RAISED MINK FOR SALE—FOXES, raccoons, Skunks, carneaux pigeons. TARMAN’S FUR FARM, Quincy, Pennsylvania. In writing to advertisers please mention The Game Breeder or sign your letters: ‘‘ Yours for More Game.” 62 THE GAME BREEDER COMPLETE BOOK ON PHEASANTS, PAR- tridges, peafowl, quail, rabbits, deer, pigeons, poultry, etc , largely illustrated, colored plates 75c Colored cata- logue 25c, illustrating 450 varieties. va made. U. Pheasantry, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. BEAR CUB, HALF GROWN MALE, VERY: TAME, never confined, bargain. Box 327, Lexington, Kentucky. WANTED—COPIES OF THE GAME BREEDER FOR June, 1913; September, 1913; April, 1914; June, 1914; December, 1914. We will pay 20 cents per copy for a few copies of the issues named in goodcondition. THE GAME BREEDER, 150 Nassau Street, N. Y. GERMINABLE WILD RICE SEED. SHIPMENT IN time for Spring sowing. Shipped wet as recommended by Department of Agriculture. Order now. ROBERT CAMPBELL, Keene, Ont. WHITE'S PRESERVE—WILD CELERY AND ALL kinds of wild duck food, plants and seeds. Also enter- tain sportsmen. Waterlily, Currituck Sound, North Caro- lina. WANTED—ACORNS. State price per bushel M TAN- ENBAUM, 149 Broadway, New York City. PHEASANT EGGS Place your order for eggs now—from the Pheasantries of the well-known Blooming Grove Hunting and Fishing Club, Pike Co., Pa. We have raised thousands of pheas- ants yearly for the past eight years and carry only the best stock of hardy, strong flying English Ring-necked birds. Our eggs are carefully selected and packed. Price $3.00 per clutch of 15, ; or $18.00 per 100. BLOOMING GROVE CLUB, 220 Broadway, N. Y. WILD DUCK EGGS from strong flying birds which were bred wild in a marsh. Original stock from The Game Breeders’ Association. For prices write Dr. HENRY HEATH, Jr., ORIENT, L.I., N. Y. Our Wild Fowl and Waders Practical Book on Duck Breeding for Sport and Profit $1.50 The Game Breeder, 159 Nassau St., N. Y. C. Wild Water Fowl “Our Specialties.” Wood Ducks, Mandarins Wild Black Mallards for stocking game preserves. Safe delivery guaranteed. 500 Can- ada Wild Geese, $8.00 to $10.00 per pair. Australian, South American, Carolina Swans. 200 trained English Decoy Ducks, guaranteed Callers and Breeders, $5.00 per pair. Eggs, 15 for $2.00. Mallards and Canada Geese must be bought NOW to breed this Spring. For prices of other wild fowl apply to WHEALTON WILD WATER-FOWL FARMS Chincoteague Island, Virginia Our Feathered Game $2.00 Our Big Game - - = = 9200m The Game Breeder (for one year) 1.00 $5.00 Special Offer for This Month $3.00 THE GAME BREEDER 150 Nassau Street New York, N. Y. We will send the two books and the magazine for one every for - - - More Game, and Fewer Game Laws In writing to advertisers please mention The Game Breeder or sign your letters: ‘Yours for More Game.” THE GAME: BREEDER 63 MALLARD EGGS |] su ccntan su; 5ee KINGSDOWN GAME FARM From Hand Raised Wild Mallards Kent, England . PHEASANT EGGS. Greatly reduced in price. on Free Range, Stock All eggs guaranteed fertile. .Eggs can be supplied from Black-neck—Ring-neck—Half-bred Mongolian. Unsurpassed. Prices greatly reduced owing to the war. 6 May Eggs........... $15.00 per 100; $125 per 1000 $25.00 per 100, m lots of a 100 June Eggs:........... $10.00 per 100; $85 per 1000 110 to the 100 On prepaid orders 110 eggs to the 100. ~ $20.00 per 100, in lots of 500 110 to the 100 $3.60 per setting of 15 Eggs A. SCOTT, Gamekeeper Froh-Heim Game Preserve FAR HILLS NEW JERSEY EGGS Mallard Eggs From Strong Flying Birds Customers are strongly recommended to buy early eggs, the extra cost will amply repay them on the rearing field. These eggs are despatched the second day after they are laid so that they will arrive perfectly fresh in America and are so packed that they cannot be broken. Pheasant poults reared by contract. We shall be pleased to send an illustrated book of the farm to all gentlemen and gamekeepers who apply, and to give any information required. Major WILLIAM JERVIS LOCKER, Proprietor. Member of the Field Sports-Game Guild. Address all communications to GERALD APTHORP, Esq. SITTINGBOURNE KENT, ENGLAND Eggs and Pheasants For Sale We are now booking orders for eggs of the following varieties: Pheasants, Silver, Golden, Ringneck, Mongolian, Reeves, Am- herst, Versicolor, Prince of Wales. Wealso offer for sale all of the above varieties as well as Impeyan, Peacock, Swinhoe and Manchurian Eared, also Japanese Longtails Blue Peafowls. WANTED Peafowl, Pheasants and Ducks We are also in the market for any of following: White Peafowl, Japanese Black- shouldered or Java; in Pheasants, any of Tragopans, Firebacks, Cheer, Somering, Elliott, Kalij-Whitecrested, also Canvas- April Delivery $25.00 per hundred Later Deliveries $20.00 per hundred -Orders booked and filled in the order in which they are received THE GAME BREEDER 150 Nassau St., New York c back ducks. In writing quote number, sex © A. MH od and lowest cash price. Care of We will on receipt of 20 cents send color- type catalogue of pheasants and fowls, both land and water. CHILES & CO., Mt: Sterling, Ky. In writing to advertisers please mention The Game Breeder or sign your letters: ‘Yours for More Game.” 64 THE GAME BREEDER OUR WILD FOWL AND WADERS THE NEW YORK TIMES ‘The subject is the development of a new crop—a flesh crop which has especial timeliness in view of the general exhaustion of our food supply. Mr. Huntington dis- cusses in the most practical manner the restoration of this crop of feathered game, and from the standpoint both of the sportsman and the market gunner, wild ducks, it seems, can be raised as easily and cheaply as domesticated ducks, and with equally excellent financial results. The way to do this is described with estimates of cost and citation of experience abroad, where the deficiency of food supply has led to the discovery and elaboration of many remedies to which we have not yet been forced. Mr. Huntington’s book is illustrated with photographs, interesting alike to naturalists and breeders.” WILLIAM BREWSTER “«Our Wild Fowl and Waders’ is obviously an able, comprehensive and very interesting treatise on a subject which has hitherto received but little attention from writers, especially in America, and concerning which naturalists, as well as sports- men, will, I am sure, be glad to be thus credibly and pleasingly informed.” THE LOCKPORT UNION-SUN : “Mr. Huntington has given to the American people an admirable treatise on the practical methods of making these splendid and desirable birds profitably plentiful. Ponds, streams and waste lands which do not pay the meagre taxes upon them can be utilized and be made to yield both handsome profits and good sport. This American authority on wild game tells the farmers and land owners of this country how to do it.” : CHARLES HALLOCK ‘“The wild fowl book is valuable, clearsighted and scholastic. It is a direct appeal to sportsmen of common sense and generous behavior, and they will readily absorb its comprehensive pages and act accordingly —and live thereby.” DR. R. W. SHUFELDT “I have enjoyed the treat in my reading of this book from frontispiece to finis, and I wager anybody else will enjoy it. . . . The author has placed every sports- man, every naturalist and a great many other citizens of other callings squarely under obligations to him. The book is a direct and logical argument setting forth the means for the preservation in the future of our wild fowl and waders. . . . The illustrations are judiciously selected, interesting and materially add to the value of the volume.” A. A. HILL __ “* This is not only a readable book, but it is important in an economic sense, and it will especially appeal to all who are interested in the conservation of wild life, and especially our game birds,” AUTOMOBILE DEALER AND REPAIRER “If the advice of Dwight W. Huntington, pioneer and apostle of the movement in this country for a rational game protection and conservation, be acted upon, the time is coming speedily when game will be as cheap as beef or mutton. At present, after fifty years of legal protection, we have no game to amount to anything save in the more remote sections. . . . The book is not only instructive in an economic sense, showing how to make wild duck preserves safe and attractive, how to get stock and eggs and the food required, but is delightful reading for all. The author of ‘Our Wild Fowl and Waders’ is doing a great public service in his campaign for more game.” OUR WILD FowL anD WADERS will be sent to any address in the United States or Canada with THE GAME BREEDER for one year upon receipt of $2.00. | THE GAME CONSERVATION SOCIETY 150 NASSAU STREET, N. Y. I Pennsylvania Pheasantry and Game Park I carry the largest stock in America of live game birds, ornamental birds and quadrupeds. Hungarian Partridges I am prepared to fill the largest orders \ for these birds and for years I have filled practically all of the large State orders for both Partridges and Pheasants. Pheasants My Pheasant pens hold thousands of Pheasants and I am prepared to furnish these birds in large numbers to State de- partments, individual breeders and preserves. Wild Duck Mallards, Black Duck, Teal, Wood Duck. Pintails and other species can be supplied in large numbers at at- tractive prices. Also Mandarins and all other water fowl. Wild Turkeys I am now the largest breeder and dealer in Wild Turkeys and can supply these birds in good numbers to State Departments and preserve owners I carry the largest stock in America of ornamental birds and animals. My ponds now contain nearly 200 best Royal Swans of England. I have fine lot of the beautiful pink FLAMINGOES and the very large European _ PELICANS. Also STORKS, CRANES, PEAFOWL, fancy GEESE and DUCKS. My pheasant pens contain over _ athousand Ringneck and fancy PHEASANTS. All stock is kept under practically natural conditions. I have 60 acres of land entirely devoted to my business. Canalso promptly furnish KUFFALOES, DEER, LLAMAS, RABBITS, etc. Orders booked during summer. I have for years filled practically all the large State Orders and have better facilities for handling large orders than any other firm. Write me before buying elsewhere—it will pay you to do so. Your visit solicited. am only 60 miles from New York and 30 miles from Philadelphia. WM. J. MACKENSEN Department V. YARDLEY, BUCKS COUNTY, PA. REAL ESTATE| OR SALE, a Tract of land suitable for a game park or preserve. Contains 2500 acres, two lakes, trout streams, part cleared, balance wood- land. Timber alone is worth the price asked for the land. This tract is well suited for a — Game Breeding Association or Shoot- — ing Club. It is located on the Dela- ware River, not far from Port Jervis. — There are a number of buildings suitable for Club purposes. ‘We have other properties adapted for Game Breeding Associations and Shooting and Fishing Preserves. For Particulars addres W..G. EVNe The W. G. Lynch Realty Gia Long Acte Building - - New York | | WAH te 192) AP single Copies 10 ¢..E3 ==> iil ONDUADDQADUREGAGGOARLOIONDODOUINTEUORUIEDSPAe esse Qy pte ee O) a ae Rees 7 5H 669 a Ebi JUNE, 1915 MOI. VIT. THE OBJECT OF THIS MAGAZINE IS TO MAKE NORTH AMERICA THE BIGGEST GAME PRODUCING COUNTRY IN THE WORLD . F. N. MANROSS AND YOUNG RUFFED GROUSE WHICH HE RAISED From Herbert K, Job’s New Book, “The Propagation of Wild Birds.” 4 GAME BREEDER! ps | aha 3 = | & di ipa S63 “Se 6 3 pam 6 3 a 6 3 oe eee What Rear Food ‘Do You Use? — It is an easy matter to hatch Pheasant (Chiekemiame it takes knowledge and experience to rear them successfully. We cannot give you the experience but jweueam furnish you with the best Game Rearing Foods that the market affords, furthermore, if you will follow instructions as set forth in “Pheasamme Culture” you will not only be successful but you will find Pheasant Rearing both pleasurable and profitable. —____ §PpRATe => Sree Prepared Meals for Poultry and Game have been on the market for over o0 years and a trial will convince you that there are ne foods that can take their place. Send for “‘Pheasant Culture,” price 25c. “Poultry Culture’? sent on receipt of 10e. SPRATT’S PATENT LIMITED Depots at San Francisco; St. Louis; Cleveland; Montreal. Agency at Boston, Mass. FB 6 BC a Bo Bc Bo Bo Bo a 6 Bo Bo Bo Bo 0 i 6 ee I ee et PL SB SSS FS SS Bl 6 BS Fs Bs Be Bs BS Be 6 SS 6 9 6 Oe 6 8 6 6 9 6 8 6 8 6 8 i “Se 6 “ he EE GAN aBROE ED ER REMINGTON-UMC The Metallics that the Critical Sports- men Ask for by Name The dominating demand for Remington-UMC Metallics among sportsmen all over this country must be a stunner to those who try to tell you that sportsmen will take the first thing the dealer shoves across the counter. The fact that more and more sportsmen ask for Remington-UMC Metallics by name naturally won’t mean anything to those who are not themselves critical about what they get. Nothing ever seems worth while to a man who doesn’ t care. But the fact remains that Eighty Thousand and some odd dealers are featuring Remington-UMC—because their eyes are open to the trend of the buying public. They would change in a minute if their sportsmen customers didn’t look for the Red Ball Mark of Remington- UMC on every box of ammunition. No real merchant cares to fight the desires of his customers—he gets his success by concentrating on the line that the keenest sportsmen in his community want. If you are not a Remington-UMC user already, make it a point to get Remington-UMC next time you need metallics. Compare results—cartridge with cartridge and box with box and you will see for yourself why the great body of American Sportsmen and Rifle Shots swear by Remington-UMC. REMINGTON ARMS-UNION METALLIC CARTRIDGE CO. Woolworth Building (233 Broadway), New York City gasw> awian//// 66 THE GAME BREEDER For over 50 years we have made big guns, little guns, good guns— The “OLD RELIABLE” Parker Guns. Our business is making guns. Send for catalogue and 20 bore booklet. PARKER BROS., Meriden, Conn. 32° woes. - Wire--Coops--Traps. and other appliances for : GAME FARMS and PRESERVES Strong heavy coops and fenders which will not blow over. i Wire, all sizes, for Deer, Pheasants, Ducks, Quail and other game. SUPPLY DEPARTMENT THE GAME BREEDER 150 Nassau Street, New York THE GAME BREEDER THE AMATEUR TRAINER By Ed. F. Haberlein ‘A practical trainer of over 30 years’ experience, whose system is up to date and stands unequaled. New Edition Just Out. Illustrated. A plain, practical and concise, yet thorough guide | in the art of training, handling and the correcting of taults of the bird dog subservient to the gun | afield. Written especially for the novice, but { equally valuable to the experienced handler. By following the instructions plainly given, every shooter possessed of a little common sense and patience can train his own dogs to perfection. Paper cover, $1.00; best full cloth binding and gold embossed, $1.50. Address THE GAME BREEDER, 150 Nassau Street, N. Y- Our Feathered Game A HANDBOOK OF American Game Birds BY DWIGHT W. HUNTINGTON. Illustrations— Shooting Pictures in color and Portraits of all $2 (0 American Game Birds . Heating and Cooking Stoves for Clubs and Cottages The Camp Cook Stove This is an ideal cook stove for the Mining, Lumber and Military Camps; will work just as well in the open air as indoors. / Construction Companies working jarge gangs of men will find this well suited to their requirements. 67 oe Infallib Smokeless Shotgur Pow fin Loaded Shells _ of practically all makes _ you can get Infallible. _ Ask forit the next time _ you buy shells. If you are interested in trapshooting write for our booklet called, “TRAP- SHOOTING.” It is worth reading. Address Hercules Powder Co. Wilmington, Del IRONSIDES A FEW OF THE LEADING STOVES FURNISHED Radnor Ranges Home Victor Ranges Farmer Girl Cook Victor Cook Dobule Oven New H. A. Elm Double Heaters Ranges Vulcan Double Heaters Hotel Ranges Tropic Sun Heating Stoves Royal Victor Ranges No. 10 Ironsides Cook Patrol Wood Stove No. 90 Ironsides Haddon Ranges Ormond Ranges Victor Gem Cook Laundry Stoves Home Victor Hot Water Stoves Index Heatin Prompt Ranges Cozy Ranges Haddon Hercules Heating Stoves Victor Cook Ranges ; Loyal Victor Ranges No. 15 Hot Blast Heating Stoves Victor Hotel Ranges . Elm Ranges Farmer Boy Cook Stoves Manufactured by Stoves Our Friend Cook Stoves Solar Kent Heating Sentry Wood Stoves Stoves Home Victor Cellar Furnaces Home Cellar Furnaces Victor Cellar Furnaces Victor Solar Cellar Furnaces Farmer's Furnaces and Cauldrons S.V. REEVES, 45 N. 2nd St., Philadelphia, Pa. \ fe 68 THE GAME BREEDER CONTENTS Survey of the Field—Ohio Makes a Start—New Jersey Duck Law— Advice to Clubs—Trout Tags—Game Tags—Friendly Advice to Rhode ~ Island—The Modern Evil of Giving—Dogs in the Adirondacks—A Bill of Fare—The Unnaturalized Foreign-Born—An Economic Movement—The : Hand Trap—Praise for the Indiana Breeders’ Law—New Instructions Concerning Naked Ducks—A Fair Price for Eggs—More Pheasants. Indian Rock Farm Game Preserve (Illustrated) The Prairie Grouse - - - - = - - D. W. Huntington Three Plants for Duck Farms - - - - - W. L. McAtee Pinioned Birds and The Game Guild - - - - By the Editor Fish Enemies—The Turtle he - 2 2 - Prof. L. L. Dyche A Trip to Old Kentucky - - : - - - Wm. J. Lawrence © Breeding Canada Geese - - - - - - A. W. Whealton My Little Bobwhites - - - - - - - .Mary C. Wilkie Editorials—Another Game Breeding State, Connecticut—A Friendly Dif- ference—Wild Game Legally Taken Correspondence To THE GAME BREEDER, 150 Nassau Street, New York. Please enter my name as a contributing member of The Game Conservation Society and send me its publication, THE GAME BREEDER, for one year. $1.00 enclosed. N. B.—Write Name and Street Address plainly and state if you wish back numbers of the magazine to the first of the year. Tt Game Breeder VOLUME VII JUNE, 1915 NUMBER 3. <=p) SURVEY OF Ohio Makes a Start. A letter from the Ohio State Game Warden to The Game Conservation So- ciety states that a law has just been en- acted which permits and encourages the profitable breeding of pheasants. There was some opposition to the breeding of wild ducks and other game but if the pheasant law proves to be satisfactory, as it will no doubt, other species will be added to the list of profit- able foods. Ohio has been practically a prohibition State in so far as shooting is concerned. The prairie grouse, deer and wild tur- keys are extinct and the shooting of quails and doves is prohibited at all times. There is comparatively little duck shooting because there is not much land and water attractive to wild fowl. Many places can be made to yield wild ducks abundantly, when the breeding of these birds is permitted. The Game Breeders’ Association proved that it is an easy matter to have thousands of ducks about a small artificial pond. The breeder’s license fee in Ohio is only 50 cents. This is enough. Massa- chusetts charges nothing for a breeder’s license. New Jersey Duck Law. A new law passed April 6, 1915, pro- vides that the open season for wild ducks in New Jersey shall be October 1 to March 15. Evidently the people of New Jersey believe the Federal law prohibiting the spring shooting of wild fowl is unconsti- tutional. Some courts have so held, one at least has upheld the law. We believe wild ducks should not be shot in the spring—an open season from September 1 to March 1 should be long enough. February 1, would be a better THE FIELD. closing date. Game breeders are aware that it is wise not to shoot their ducks after February 1. During the month of February, the ducks are kept quiet and are fed well in order that the egg pro- duction may be early and profitable. They should sell some birds as food if they wish to, of course, even later than February, because often they have more drakes than are desirable for the size of the waters used and if they have more ducks than they want and the prices are attractive, they should let the people have the food. Advice to Clubs. Mr. Forbush, in the article “Game Pre- serving,” printed in the December num- ber, well said: The prejudice against game preserves arises largely from the fact that too many preserves in this country are merely lands from which the public is shut out, and on which the owner enjoys exclusive opportunity of shooting wild game which is, in law, the property of the people. In many cases the landowner does nothing whatever to propagate the birds or to increase them; but, instead, attracts them to his preserve that he may shoot them. This is not the kind of game preserving which should be advocated. The public has some rights. The law should be so drawn that a person desiring to establish a game preserve should be required to make it a game farm. In that case he must secure his stock from some pri: vate source—some breeder of game birds in his own or some other State—and must engage in propagating the birds; then they are as much his own as are poultry or cattle under the same conditions, and there is no reason why he should not prohibit other people from shooting them on his own land, nor is there any reason why he should not be allowed to sell them in the market under proper restrictions. We would strongly urge all of our readers who belong to the thousand and more clubs which have not undertaken game breeding to get busy at once. It is a great advantage to own a lot of wild 70 - THE GAME BREEDER ducks, quail, grouse, pheasants and other game, and to fix the seasons for shooting them.. It is fine to feel that arresting officers can give their entire time to pub- lic lands and waters, which need their attention, and to know that the game laws providing for the shooting of three birds in a season (or none as they provide in many states) do not apply to game farms and licensed breeders. It is a good plan to shoot enough so as to send some to market and let the dear people, who are said to own the game, have some to eat. Quickly they will cease to be enemies of sport. Trout Tags. As we predicted, the New York law has been amended so as to provide that the tags used for identifying the trout sold by breeders shall be supplied at cost, instead of at three cents each. This will reduce the price of trout in the markets, no doubt, because the cost of the tags is very small. Mr. Charles J. Vert is en- titled to the credit for securing this im- portant amendment. Game Tags. Game breeders in New York and some other states, are required to pay five cents for each tag placed on a bird or part of a deer sold. The cost of these tags should not be more than the cost of manufacture, a small fraction of a cent per tag. The laws relating to tags for game birds undoubtedly will be amended so as to conform to the trout law as soon as the attention of the legislature is called to the matter. Game production should be encouraged and not restricted or ham- pered more than is necessary to satisfy those who believe that the breeder’s game should be distinguished from the state game on public lands and water. Friendly Advice to Rhode Island. Most of the State game officers in the United States and some of the provincial officers in Canada, are members of the Game Conservation Society and read its publication, The Game Breeder. It is gratifying to observe that these game officers do not favor the arrest of food producers and that they are in favor of game breeders’ enactments intended to re- move all doubt about the legality of an industry which promises to make the de- partments of great economic importance, representing all of the people, and not mere governmental side-shows. It is fair to say that the Rhode Island officers are not members of The Game Conservation Society and that they do not read The Game Breeder. It is not surprising, therefore, that they should be working in the old fashioned way and that, possibly, they still believe that the right way to make food abundant is to arrest the producer. We would suggest that they get in touch with the Massa- chusetts, New York, New Jersey, Ver- mont, Colorado, California and other State Commissioners, who have had a chance to observe the operation of laws encouraging the profitable breeding of~ game. It might not be a bad idea for them to join The Game Conservation So- ciety and to read its publication, The Game Breeder, regularly. The Modern Evil of Giving. Urging a still further catch limit, Mr. J. W. Stuber of Sidney, Ohio, in Sports- men’s Review, says where many fish are caught, “there is a tendency on the part of some to risk a violation by sale or by GIVING THE BASS AWAY.” This would seem to indicate that it is not only an evil but a crime to give a fish to a friend in Ohio. How would it be if two fish were served at a friendly dinner by an angler? Would a game warden rush in and arrest him if he per- mitted his friend to eat one of the fish because it was given away just as the warden seized a New York man who was about to eat a bird sent to him by a friend who was shooting in Scotland? Should the shake-down be $100 per fish, the amount charged for each of the grouse sent as a gift to the New York man? We were taught that it is more blessed to give than to receive, but often we are told that we are too old fashioned to THE GAME BREEDER 71 understand modern game laws and game law crimes. We thank the Lord that we still recog- nize common sense when we observe it, and we often think the good old dean of sportsmen, Charles Hallock, was right when he called for the present revival of common sense, which has worked wonders in some states. It would be an easy matter to keep the Ohio markets full of game fish at reasonable prices. Dogs in the Adirondacks. The New York law has been amended so as to make the provisions of section 193 against the use of dogs .applicable, “in the forest preserve,” instead of in “the Adirondack Park.” The prohibi- tion against dogs is now in force only on State lands within the Blue Line. A Bill of Fare. The Weekly Report published by the American Association of Commerce and Trade in Berlin, Germany, prints the following bill of fare and says: “In refer- ence to the much talked about food question I can safely say that this mat- ter does not give cause for any fear. Recently I lunched with friends in the famous restaurant of Kempinski, in Ber- lin. Our check was— 1 Bottle of Wine (Berncastler).52 cents Mumpone re La eee 29 cents mecontion Elam... 01.22 02602. 36 cents GG Rea eee nr 43 cents STNG | ig ao a ee 22 cents MEMIDOSC Mee eo ss cs ak te hg 36 cents meet ice Cream.... 02... ... 22 cents Ememiiecs (Mocca). +. ......2.: 29 cents rE Sr fae) ee Se re $2.69 Since the New York Hotels have been purchasing pheasants at $2.50 each and up and they serve fractions of a bird at proportionate prices, 22 cents for a pheasant in Berlin, at this time, must seem reasonable to Americans. The Unnaturalized Foreign-born. The World, N. Y., says: By prohibiting all annaturalized foreign-born persons from fishing and hunting in the State, the Pennsylvania Legislature comes pretty near making it necessary for some would-be sports- men to go equipped with their birth certificates, marriage certificates and naturalization papers, besides any form of license that Pennsylvania may require, when they want to catch a perch or shoot a rabbit. : Since the unnaturalized foreign-born had a habit of bagging a Pennsylvania Game Warden occasionally it seemed necessary to prohibit them from taking the field. There was a serious objection made to the law, the claim being made that it was in violation of treaty rights, but the courts have upheld it. An Economic Movement. The Sportsmen’s Review says: Many people are still of the opinion that bird protection is wholly sentimental. Perhaps sen- timent does play a great part in it as it does ‘in all important things of life, but when one looks further into the subject he finds that the movement is largely economic. The Rocke- feller Foundation has only recently paid $225,- 000 for 85,000 acres in Louisiana which is to be used as a game refuge for migratory birds. There is without a doubt more than pure senti- ment in this, for the promoters realize what these birds mean to the farmer and the agri- culturist, and that it is necessary to keep these birds in order to have those who raise our crops succeed. The property purchased by the Rockefeller Foundation is near Marsh Island, La., which was secured by 1912 by Mrs. Russell Sage for the same purpose. What makes it doubly valuable is the fact that it adjoins a 60,000-acre tract which its owner, Mr. E. A. Mcllhenny, has devoted to bird protection. When the Foundation carries out its intention of acquir- ing all the available nearby land, these bird refugees in Louisiana will become one great game preserve of 500 square miles, covering a frontage of seventy-five miles on the Gulf Coast. The Hand Trap. The du Ponts are i sigahenae exten- sively the hand trap for clay bird shoot- ing. Since the veteran, Fanning, is about showing how to use this new trap the sportsmen will no doubt soon use it ex- tensively. The game clubs and preserves all have trap shooting and now that they have an abundance of game the members do a lot of preliminary work at the traps in order to be able td shoot well at the game. Many hand traps will be used at the game clubs, no doubt. 72 THE GAME BREEDER Praise for the Indiana Breeders’ Law. The American, in a long article prais- ing the new game breeders’ law, secured for Indiana by Mr. J. W. Talbot, says: Give private parties the right to rear quail as a business and the interested persons will protect, feed and care for them, and as a con- sequence they will multiply. They will be reared and frequently sold to clubs and indi- viduals who will’ liberate them for stocking purposes. Private and State hatcheries make possible the restocking of our fishing grounds. All the protective laws did not increase the number of fish. A man will protect his money, and if his money is invested in quail he will protect the quail. It was Buffalo Jones who saved the buffalo in this country, because he bought a few specimens and kept them for their in- crease. It is not always the hunter that kills and exterminates game. Disease, starvation and lack of proper care is the biggest factor in game destruction. In a wild state it is esti- mated that it required all North America to support two hundred thousand Indians, and it * is estimated the population of this continent was two hundred thousand when Columbus discovered it. But civilization and comfort enable more people to live in a given territory than can live in the same territory in savagery. What is true of human beings is true of game. Also, the time is rapidly passing when farm- ers who own and cultivate the land will tolerate laws made solely to permit some loafer with a gun to tear down fences, destroy crops, shoot domestic animals, kill human beings and out- rage generosity for the purpose of calling him- self a sportsman and killing game that the farmer’s land has protected and the farmer’s grain has fed. New Instructions Concerning Naked Ducks. The following are the new “instruc- tions sent to the collectors of customs AN ovenl NO}ea 5 The Collector of Customs: The attention of the Department has been called to the delay and inconvenience caused to passengers returning from Canada having wild ducks or other game birds in their pos- session by the requirement that they give a ‘bond for the destruction of the plumage of the birds, which plumage is prohibited importa- tion under paragraph 347 of the tariff act. It is represented that in order to give the bond required by the Department’s regulations con- tained in T. D. 33944, it is necessary for the passengers to leave the train and in many in- stances wait over another train, thus missing connections for the remainder of their trip. You are hereby authorized in such cases to permit a cash deposit to be taken by inspectors on the train, thus avoiding the delays com: plained of. Such deposit should be in an amount double the value of the ducks or other birds, but not less than $10 to be carried as a special deposit and refunded upon the produc- tion of evidence that the plumage had been destroyed. ; Respectfully, (Signed) A. J. PETERs, Assistant Secretary. The U. S. Treasury officials should not be blamed for enforcing the law pro- vided they have interpreted it properly. Those who secured its passage say they © did not intend any such absurdity as has resulted. The trouble is too many laws are made hastily and soon they are found to belong in the “fool law” class. We in- vite the attention of Congress to this law and we hope it soon will be amended so as to permit wild fowl to come in ina presentable condition. We predict an early amendment, and when you see any- thing in The Game Breeder it usually happens, sooner or later. A Fair Price for Eggs. Editor Game Breeder: I would not care to sell any eggs at $12.00 per dozen, as I can make more money by raising wild turkeys. Another year I will keep over twenty-five extra hens for the purpose of having the eggs for sale. I will then advertise. Hee Baltimore, Md. [We have just had a request for sev- eral hundred wild turkey eggs but could not secure them. The demand is increas- ing and we hope all the wild turkey breeders will arrange to sell eggs next season. It should pay to gather eggs at $1.00 each._—Editor] More Pheasants. A letter from the New York Game Commission says pheasant eggs were dis- tributed by the State last year to more than two thousand persons. Granting that many do not know much about breeding the birds there should be “more pheasants.” Members of the Game Conservation Society are requested to purchase from those who advertise. THE GAME BREEDER 73 INDIAN ROCK FARM GAME PRESERVE. [This is the twenty-third of a series of two hundred articles about American game farms and preserves. Mr. Richardson, like many other big game farmers, finds the business very profitable and sells all the game he can produce. Massachusetts is one of the leading “more game” States and the breeders are encouraged by the laws and by a capable Game Commission to breed all species of game for profit—Editor.] In the historic little town of West Brookfield, Massachusetts, within a golfer’s drive of the site of the famous Quaboag settlement blockhouse of two centuries gone, a Massachusetts farmer, | master of the Bay State grange and chairman of the State dairy bureau, has established a game preserve which has already made him famous throughout the world and which now bids fair to bring him great wealth. From among the herds of deer; elk, antelopes, wild boars and other denizens of the great natural forest that sweeps over the valleys and craggy hills in the rear of the picturesque Indian Rock farm, Carlton D. Richardson is each year shipping scores of Massachusetts-raised wild animals to every part of the globe. This experiment in a new kind of farming—the breeding of untamed ani- mals—has resulted in a demand for Mr. Richardson’s wild pets in such distant countries as New Zealand, Denmark and South America, not to mention many zoological parks and_ reservations throughout the United States. The cleverness of the West Brookfield farmer in originating the idea of a wild game nursery for the purpose of profit- ably utilizing the natural forest reserve on his New England farm, and his suc- cess in carrying out his plan, has al- ready placed’ him at the head of the Bay State Farmers’ Association, and he is constantly in receipt of letters from “grangers” throughout the country who own natural forest lands, and who are now beginning to see in them the possi- bilities of profitable game preserves. To the people of the little town of West Brookfield, that nestles snugly at the foot of Foster Hill, there is always a charm in discussing with visitors the stirring events of centuries gone that took place “up yonder,’.and which on the summit of the hill have been com- memorated by the tablets of the Qua- boag Historical Society. But as the climax to all tales histori- cal, the listener is invariably informed, with much local pride of the beautiful reservation from which wild game finds its way all over the world. Standing in the silently fading shad- ows of the Indian Rock game reserve, 74 THE GAME BREEDER with its vistas of towering firs and hem- locks peopled in the sun-flecked dis- tance with the shadowy forms of slen- der-limbed deer, timid antelopes or stoical brown elks, each with his high- crowned, kingly antlers swaying as he swings across the light like branches in the wind, the visitor has but to hear the snapping of a twig, the creaking of a crooked branch above his head, to fancy the wild red man somewhere within dangerous distance, watching over this, his primeval home. For much of Mr. Richardson’s success, as he will admit, is due to the wonder- fully primeval nature of his reserve. Once across the edge of the forest every- thing within becomes a part of an ani- mal’s paradise. In the sequestered depths of this 15 acres of forest there bubbles from be- neath a hillside a tiny spring continu- ally open, no matter how cold the sea- son, from which beaten trails threading away in many directions through the wood proclaim the spot well known to the wild inhabitants of the woods. Screened by a thicket at the base of a rocky cliff in the deepest part of the wood yawns the opening of a cave, the haunt of an ugly-mannered wild boar, whose approach is the signal for the scattering of even the herds of huge elk. Between the eight-foot wire fencing that incloses the entire reserve and the edge of the woods, a clearing of meadow land and rocky pasture threaded by a brook furnishes a home for the wild geese and different varieties of pheas- ants of which there are many in the preserve. The inclosed park is in the shape of a diamond with a cross fence through the centre which gives the deer a chance to be separate from the elk, entrance be- ing left of sufficient size for the deer to pass through at will, but not large enough for the elk. In the wet and warmer seasons both sides of the inclosure contain many a larger pool fed by tiny hillside springs where the elk and deer come to wallow during the heat of the day. The Deer Park. On one of the high rocky cliffs com- manding a splendid view of the sur- roundings through the dense growth of thickets the female elk retires to give birth to her young, the spot being one where she can watch for any intrusion. A few hours after birth the baby elk is hidden here in the thickets by the mother, who goes forth to feed, return- ing each night for about three weeks until the young one has grown large enough to look out for itself. In describing the habits of his elk and deer Mr. Richardson mentions the peculi- arity of the animals in shedding their antlers each season. The elk drop theirs in March or April, according to their age; the Japanese deer shed theirs the last of April, and the common deer about January 1. In each case a new growth begins at once, continuing “in the velvet” through the summer months until about Oct. 1, when the antlers begin to harden for the winter. At this season of the year the elk of the preserve are exceedingly dangerous and fierce, aggressive in the possession of their majestic defensive antlers, but as soon as their horns drop they at once become timid and are very hard to ap- proach. Six years ago Mr. Richardson began THE GAME BREEDER his experiment by purchasing a single pair of elks. Coupled with a natural love for animals and a fondness for studying their habits at close range was a con- vicition that farming of this novel sort would in time add substantially to his dairy and agricultural revenues. He has proved most conclusively that there is a field in Massachusetts for wild game farming. Last year a shipment of 24 deer, 12 elk and 50 wild geese were sent by this prac- tical farmer to New Zealand, where they had been contracted for by a government agent. One pair of giant elk were sent to Denmark, others to South America, and several animals went to St. Louis, Toronto and Montreal, Can., including buffalo and wild boars. A number of Mr. Richardson’s home raised wild animals now are on exhibi- tion at the National Park in Washing- ton. Seven deer, a number of elk and many pheasants have been sent by him to Forest Park near Springfield. Five of the wild boars from his preserve were not long ago shipped to Ringling Bros.’ circus. The expense of continuing the breed- ing of this class of large game, once the experiment is well under way, is very small. With the exception of the small amount of hay and grain that is given them during the poorest of the feeding season, the animals are able to satisfy all their wants from the reser- - vation itself. _ The prices that are obtained for them im every case show a handsome profit, 75 which at no time since his first success has Mr. Richardson’s supply been equal to the many orders that he has received for shipments of live game. The West Brookfield farmer also con- ducts a large stock and dairy farm in connection with the business of wild game breeding, and is also known as one of the most active members of the Mass- achusetts Grange. The 95 acres of land which the whole of Indian Rock farm includes is the site of earlier events of much historical interest. The first Brookfield settlement was made on this hill in 1660. The locations of the first and second meeting houses, of the fortified blockhouse beseiged by the Indians in 1675, of the well at which Major Wilson was shot during the seige, and a massive boulder known as Indian Rock, from behind which the savages fired, are all upon or near the Richardson farm lands. Over this historic land, where the game preserve lies, the forest remains as un- broken and as thickly populated by its native denizens, the Indians excepted, as it was two centuries ago. In fact, for a glimpse of the real New England as our ancestors found the forests into which they came with their oxen, one has only to visit Indian Rock farm and spend an hour im the heart of the prim- eval game preserve there. And the best of it all, to the owner, is that it pays, and pays wonderfully well. THE PRAIRIE GROUSE. By Dwicut W. HuntTIncTon. No American bird, with the possible exception of the wood-duck, needs the attention of American game _ breeders more than the prairie grouse. In a text-book used in the New York schools the children read that, “although the prairie grouse is protected for eleven months of the year it is doomed to ex- tinction.” The distinguished naturalist, Elliot, in his book, “Game Birds of North America,” says, “along the east- ern limit of its dispersion the prairie chicken is rapidly diminishing, and like the buffalo and many other wild crea- 76 | a tures that once roamed in countless num- bers over certain portions of our land, will doubtless soon entirely disappear.” Considering the game laws which pre- vent any one from looking after these birds properly and profitably, Elliot, no doubt was right in predicting their early extermination. No good reason can be assigned, however, why tke birds should . be “protected off the face of the earth.” Audubon described the birds as a pest in Kentucky, but they no longer are a pest in that State or in Ohio or in other States where they have been extermin- ated. In Iowa and some other States the game departments are endeavoring to replace the prairie grouse with gray partridges imported from Hungary and other countries and they seem to be bliss- fully ignorant that the birds they are importing are abundant in foreign coun- tries because they are properly looked after and that they will stand no better chance and, in fact, not so good a chance for their existence as the prairie grouse did provided they receive no better pro- tection than the grouse. The sportsmen in States like Ken- tucky, Ohio and some others where the grouse once were plentiful but where they now are extinct certainly cannot ob- ject to their introduction and profitable increase by game breeders. There is an abundance of land suitable for grouse breeding and no good reason can be as- signed why they should not be made plentiful in a very short space of time provided the land owners can be made to understand that the grouse are desir- able and that they can be produced prof- itably both for sport and for food. Fortunately the laws in some States do not prohibit the necessary industry because the birds are not protected for the very good reason that they do not exist. The opportunity for grouse breeding for sport and for profit is, therefore, excellent and the only diffi- culty in the way of making the birds profitably abundant lies in the fact that it is almost impossible to get stock birds or eggs with which to start the much- needed industry. It is fortunate that some States where the grouse occur re- THE GAME BREEDER ~ — cently have enacted game breeders’ laws permitting the profitable breeding of all species of grouse and we hope soon to advise our readers where they can pro- cure birds and eggs for propagation. When an Indiana or an Oklahoma farmer realizes that he can get a good price for grouse and that he can have all he wishes to eat there will be some- thing doing unless we are much mis- taken. The grouse are worth at least $5 per bird. The eggs are worth from $6 to $10 per dozen. A start can be made with a very few birds or eggs and since the ratio of increase is geometrical the profits from the grouse industry will be even larger than the profits from pheasant breeding. The grouse can be bred wild in the fields and at a much less expense than is required for the hand rearing of pheasants. fully on the same ground, and if there be any water suitable for ducks enough wild ducks can be reared to pay the en- tire expense of running a grouse and quail ranch. We expect to see this industry started in Indiana, Oklahoma and other States, where the industry of grouse breeding no longer is criminal, and we hope to assist the grouse breeders by putting them in touch with those who have grouse and eggs to sell. ~ We know one place where a few grouse were introduced and where to- day there are thousands of birds in no danger of extinction. The absurd game laws prohibited the owners from selling stock birds or eggs but we believe this nonsense is passing rapidly and there will be no arrests made if the owners of the birds sell some of them and some eggs to those who will undertake their propagation. Grouse are worth $5 per bird as food in the markets. They can be produced in Kentucky, Ohio and many other States much cheaper than poultry. Since they will procure much of their food in the fields and they can be kept plentiful by supplying a very small amount of grain during the winter. We are especially interested in making Quail can be reared success- THE GAME BREEDER | 17 these birds plentiful and cheap in the markets since we know the sportsmen will enjoy shooting them and the people will enjoy eating them. Let us stop saying the birds are “doomed to extinc- tion” and lend a hand to making them profitably plentiful even in the States where they are extinct. This is the first of a series of articles about the prairie grouse. It will be fol- lowed by articles describing the food habits of the birds and the best methods of introducing them and propagating them abundantly. Readers who can furnish any grouse or eggs are requested to write to our supply department. We wish to procure as many birds and eggs as possible. Our advertisers will pay excellent prices for any number of birds or eggs. THREE PLANTS FOR DUCK FARMS. By W. L. McATEE, Assistant Biologist U. S. Department of Agriculture. [This article is from an important bulletin, “Eleven Important Wild Duck Foods,” by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. The Bureau of Biological Survey which contributes the bul- letins about the game foods, performs an important and valuable service. This bulletin about duck foods should be followed by another describing the methods of breeding wild ducks for food and the profits which are made by wild duck breeders in the many States which now permit such industry. The Department should call attention also to the fact that the New York markets are closed to the breeders of other States and should suggest that the opening of this market soon would result in an abundance of game. Mr. Clyde B. Terrell, Oshkosh, Wisconsin, is the principal dealer in the plants eaten by wild fowl. His advertisement appears regularly in The Game Breeder.—Editor.] The plants considered under this head are distinguished by rankness of vege- tative growth, comparative unimportance of their seeds as duck food, and lack of fleshy rootstocks and tubers. These qualities render the plants generally un- desirable for propagation as wild-duck foods, but they are the very things which make them valuable for duck farms. As a rule abundant green food is available to wild ducks, but the birds usually have to search for seeds, fruits, tubers, and like forms of concentrated nutriment. The conditions on a game farm are just the reverse. The birds are supplied grain food constantly, but need rough- age, particularly of naturally suitable kinds. Plants of rapid, luxuriant growth are necessary and all requirements are fulfilled by water-cress, water-weed and coontail. The three plants just mentioned are not recommended for planting in waters where any other growth is desired, since they are such rank growers that they are apt to take complete possession. One of them namely, coontail, has con- siderable value as a wild-duck food, however, and may be tried in waters where other plants have failed. | On duck farms best results will be obtained if the unit system of ponds be adopted. Ducks can be turned into one pond at a time, and when a pond is eaten out it may be resown, screened off and allowed to make a new crop. Under favorable conditions water-weed and coontail will grow 6 inches a day. WATER-CRESS. Knowledge of the importance of water-cress as a duck food is derived en- tirely from breeders of wild ducks, who almost without exception consider it a valuable plant for a duck farm. Not only is it relished, but it is said to grow so fast in some places that the ducks cannot eat it out. Water-cress (Sisymbrium nasturtium- aquaticum) either floats in the water, rooted only at the lower end, or creeps along on mud or fm shallow water, throwing out roots at every joint. It is a smooth, fleshy plant, with divided 78 THE GAME BREEDER ~ leaves and small white flowers (Fig. 18). The leaves consist of 3 to 9 sym- metrically arranged oval or roundish segments, of which the apical of each leaf is the largest. The pods vary from -one-half to one and one-fourth inches in length, are slightly curved, and contain numerous small seeds. There is a con- stant succession of flowers and pods throughout the growing season. The plant sometimes is strongly tinged with olive-brown, suggesting one of its com- mon names, brown-cress. Other names are well-cress or -grass, water-kers, -kars, -karse, or -grass, crashes and brook-lime. Water-cress occurs practically through- out the United States. Water-cress usually is propagated by . seed. This may be obtained from most seedsmen. The plant is also easily transplanted by cuttings. It grows in springs, brooks, small streams and shal- low ponds. Waters in which it is found are usually cool and have some current. It may be sown in similar situations at any time during spring or summer. WatTER-WEED. Evidence for the value of water-weed is of the same nature as for water-cress. The density and luxuriance of its growth are such that water-weed maintains its stand even when fed upon daily by a large number of ducks. Small quanti- ties of the plant have been found in stomachs of the mallard, blue-winged teal and goldeneye. Water-weeds (Figs. 19 and 20) have long, branching stems with luxuriant foliage and are of a beautiful translucent green color. The leaves which are set upon the stem in whorls of from 2 to 4 (usually 3), vary from ovate to strap- shaped, and may be pointed or obtuse, and are sometimes finely toothed. They are from one-fourth to one inch or more in length and from one-twelfth to one- - eighth of an inch in width. The small flowers are borne on rather long stalks and open at the surface of the water. The fruit, which is rare, is few seeded and ripens under water. This plant was introduced into Great Fig. 18—Water-cress. THE GAME BREEDER 19 Britain in the middle of the nineteenth century, and spread rapidly, making such rank growth that it soon became a pest, hie i SE ers F-g. 19> —Water-Weed. A Compact Form. filling ornamental waters, mill races and canals. It became known there as Amer- ican water-weed and Babington’s curse (because introduced by a botanist of that name). Other names applied to the plant are ditch-moss, water-thyme, thyme-weed, cats-tails, and choke pond- weed. Some botanists consider that there are several different species of water-weed in the United States. But, having in mind the entirely different aspect wild plants of water-weed assume when transferred to an aquarium, one is in- clined to think that differences in the forms, which have been thought to rep- resent distinct species, may be largely due to conditions under which the plants were grown. Water-weed has had various scien- tific names applied to it, and the follow- ing may be encountered in trade cata- logues: Philotria, Elodea, and Anacha- ris. The specific name that has been most commonly used in this country is canadensis. Dealers in aquarium plants usually list a form of water-weed known as Anacharis canadensis gigantea. results. Water-weeds grow naturally through- out most of North America. Water-weed propagates itself from pieces of leafy stem or root. It is tena- cious of life, and if shipment in good condition is achieved, no trouble will be experienced in obtaining a stand of the plant. Bury the roots or bases of stems in the bottom in shallow water for quick The plant will grow, however, if only thrown in water shallow enough (3 feet or less) to allow it to send roots to the bottom. It likes a loam or Fig. 2o—Water-Weed A D’ffuse Form. sandy loam and does not grow in clay: Either still or running waters are suit- able. When established it will spread to water up to 10 feet in depth. CooNTAIL. The seeds of coontail are eaten by practically all wild ducks, but the foliage by a much smaller number and less fre- quently. Ducks known to feed on this plant are the following: Hooded mer- ganser, mallard, black duck, Florida duck, gadwell, wigeon, green-winged and blue-winged teals, spoonbill, pintail, wood duck, redhead, canvasback, little and big bluebills, ringneck, goldeneye, buffle-head, old squaw, white-winged scoter, ruddy duck and the whistling swan. The following instances show the local value of coontail to some of these species of ducks: ‘ About 30 per cent. of the food of 171 mallards collected about Mansura and 80 THE GAME BREEDER Fig 21—Coontail. A Compact Form. Marksville, La., from October to De- cember consisted of coontail, and as many as 150 seeds were found in a single stomach. Much more than the ordinary proportion of stems and leaves of the plant were taken by these birds. Another illustration of foliage eating is furnished by eight mallards and one black duck collected at Big Lake, Arkansas, in December, 1912. More than 85 per cent. of the food of the mallards was made up of the foliage of coontail, with a few seeds, while 90 per cent. of the black duck’s food consisted exclusively of coontail foliage. Sixty-four mallards collected at Me- nesha, Ark., in November and December, 1909, had fed on coontail seeds to the extent of 7.23 per cent. of their diet. Fourteen of the same species of duck, taken at Lake Wapanoca, Arkansas, in Fig. 23—Seeds and Fruit of Coontail. November, 1910, had eaten enough seeds, with a little foliage of coontail, to form on an average more than half of their food. The plant thus has considerable local value as a wild-duck food. However, its tendency to crowd out more desirable species makes transplanting unwise, un- less in particularly difficult cases where other plants have failed. The very WY WA, A \ Ne = \ Wes WZ e = \\\{ Y Sy SS | “SS } WB \\Y Ni 7 Nt W WWW | \ \ Fig. 22—Coontail, A Diffuse Form. qualities of coontail that make it a nui- sance in natural waters commend it to duck farmers. The stems of coontail (Ceratophyllum demersum) are thickly clothed with round, dense masses of foliage (Figs. 21 and 22), which in shape amply justify the common name so widely used in the South, and which is here adopted for the plant. Coontail is a submerged plant, but only exceptionally is it attached to THE GAME BREEDER 81 the bottom, as it has no roots; it usually grows in rather quiet waters from 2 to 10 feet deep. The leaves are composed of slender but rather stiff filaments, twice or thrice forked, and sparingly furnished with small acute projections. They grow in whorls of from 5 to 12, and are usually much crowded on the upper part of the stem. The fruit of coontail (Fig. 23) is composed of a rather large, flattened seed, wedge-shaped at one end and rounded at the other, inclosed in a thin covering which bears various tubercles on the surface and spines on the margin. A common form has one spine at the apex and one at each basal angle of the fruit. One may examine many plants without finding fruit; nevertheless, the frequency with which ducks find it proves that a good crop is produced. Coontail is known also as hornwort, horn-weed, morass-weed, coontail moss, fish-blankets and June grass. Coontail is practically cosmopolitan and occurs throughout all but the ex- treme northern parts of North America. Pieces of coontail broken off from the parent plant promptly make new colo- nies, a characteristic which makes trans- planting easy. Care need be taken only to see that the plants do not lose their vitality either through drying or fermen- tation during shipment. Plant in quiet water. As the plant has no roots, it is enabled to thrive over hard and sandy bottoms where many other plants cannot establish themselves. PINIONED BIRDS AND THE GAME GUILD. It is advisable in ordering live birds to state that pinioned birds are not wanted if such be the case. Otherwise there may be trouble. One of our advertisers in filling an order for pheasants sent pinioned birds. Since the purchaser wished to liberate the birds on a club ground, for shooting, he was much dissatisfied and the adver- tiser suggested that the matter of dam- ages be arbitrated by the editor of The Game Breeder, and agreed to abide by the result. We had a similar case recently when pinioned wild ducks were shipped and the club wished to have birds which could fly. The claim in both cases was made that since the birds were ordered early in the year the presumption was that they were desired for breeding pur- poses. The editor of The Game Breeder does not arbitrate controversies between ad- vertisers and their customers for evident reasons. Where one or both of the par- ties are subscribing or contributing mem- bers of the Game Conservation Society and both wish to have their controversy arbitrated the matter is referred to The Game Guild, which is a committee of the Game Conservation Society, formed to pass on numerous matters of interest to fiewmmenbersmotmnem Societys) lf ithe Guild, for example, orders that the ad- vertisement of an undesirable or dishon- est dealer be not accepted it will not ap- pear in the magazine. Any one who has a complaint to make about unfair deal- ing can make it to the magazine and the matter will be promptly referred to the Guild for investigation. The decision of the Guild may be reviewed by the editors and the directors of the Game Conser- vation Society, provided either party is not satisfied with the award or decision. The managers of the magazine wish to have reliable advertisers only; and no unfair dealing will be tolerated. Since the Game Conservation Society has been formed to do good work in the way of encouraging game breeding and it is sup- ported by its members who are widely distributed in all of the United States and in the Provinces of Canada, it is highly important that the members of the Association should be safeguarded against wrong practices and we rely on our readers to make complaints when 82 THE GAME BREEDER - they should be made. We assure them they will be protected. Not long ago we had a serious com- plaint from a member of the Society who said he had sent a cheque in pay- ment for birds, but never received the birds. The matter was investigated and the advertisement was ordered out pend- ing the investigation; but, later, it ap- peared that the error was excusable; the member wrote to say he had received his birds and they were fine ones—he was well pleased with them. This picture of’a turtle trap, published in the May issue, attracted much attention, and it repeated with the additional working drawings at the request of a reader. shows the trap in its natural position. death. issue. Turtles are enemies of wild ducks also. shore and from a boat.—Editor.] One of the chief natural enemies, out- side of the fish themselves, here at the State Fish Hatchery, is the turtle. There are different kinds of turtles, and outside of a few that seem to feed for the most part upon vegetable matter, we find that most of them are not averse to eating TURTLE TRAP. 1 Three turtles are on the boards that serve as roadwav to the drop board. One turtle being dumped into trap from the drop or trap board. , FISH ENEMIES—THE TURTLE. By Preor Me ly Dycrn! Late Game and Fish Warden of Kansas. [The picture of a turtle trap was sent by Professor Dyche a short time before his untim« At the same time he sent the working drawings of the trap which are published in tl : : At the Game Breeders’ Association we ran a fe of small mesh chicken wire a few feet from the shore of the breeding pond, thus giving ducks access to a narrow strip of shallow and comparatively warm water. were observed trying to find an opening in the wire, were shot by the game keepers from the We suggested that our members en- deavor to learn the cause of any delay or apparent unfair treatment before complaining to The Game Breeder, but if they are not satisfied with the result of their inquiries and will send us the correspondence the matter will be placed before the Guild promptly and passed on. There is no charge for this service. The Game Conservation Society is now the largest association of game breeders in the world and our aim is to keep its standard high. 7 The photogr Many turtles, w fish. The snapping turtle is the worst and on the Hatchery grounds destr more fish than all the others combin An examination of the stomachs snapping turtles taken from the Hatch: ery ponds has shown that they are gree feeders, and that in many instances a THE GAME BREEDER 83 e d z x Car Sectson ot Ca Sec. on 44, TURTLE TRAP. Fig. 1 shows side of the box trap, which is 4 feet long, 2 feet high and 2 feet wide. It is built by stapling %, 34 or 1 inch wire screening on a framework built of boards from 4 to 6 inches in width and 1 inch thick. Fig. 2 shows cross section of the box trap, and shows the 6-inch strip of tin or galvanized iron that has been tacked on the inside of the top of the trap and bent down. turtles from crawling out of the trap. It prevents the ; Fig. 3 shows top of trap with arrangement of the 6-inch boards that drop as soon as the turtles crawl upon them and allow the animals to fall into the trap. Fig. 4 shows these drop boards with weights near the end. The turtles crawl upon these drop boards, using the inclined boards that extend into the water as roadways. At the State Hatchery over fifty turtles have been taken from a single trap in a week’s time. large portion of their food is made up of fish. Snapping turtles secréte themselves among the aquatic plants and apparently watch for fish that are passing by. They catch the fish by a quick stroke of the head, which their long necks allow them to throw out several inches from the body. We never had an opportunity of observing this operation until last year, when we saw a snapping turtle catch a Bullhead catfish. The fish was taken in the turtles mouth and without chewing or particular biting, was swallowed head first. A few minutes later we shot and secured the turtle, which was one that would weigh about’ twelve pounds. Dissection showed that the catfish that had been swallowed was lacerated in a few places by the sharp beak of the 4 turtle, but was not cut up or pulled to pieces. In the stomach of this same turtle we found two sunfish, a half grown bull-frog and a crayfish, in addi- tion to the Bullhead catfish mentioned above. Altogether, a rather large amount of food—about a pound—for an animal that weighed only twelve pounds. We get rid of the turtles by shooting them and by means of a wire screen box trap shown in the illustration. We also use steel traps set near the edge of the water and baited with a piece of fish for the capture of snapping turtles. The fish or part of a fish used for bait may be fastened near the shore and just under the water by running an iron rod or sharp stick through it and down into the ground to hold it in place. The chain of the trap should be fastened to 84 a wire, stake, or something that will hold it. Steel traps are used for the snapping THE GAME BREEDER turtles as these animals do not climb into the box traps as readily as other varities. A TRIP TO OLD KENTUCKY. By Wo. J. Mr. Stanley Blake, very favorably known as a sportsman throughout this and many foreign jands, very kindly tendered me a special invitation to visit the Blue Grass Farm Kennels, of Berry, Ky., of which he is manager. The spe- cial invitation came to me by reason of the fact that a warm friendship had sprung up between us because of my having purchased several dogs from him which gave perfect and complete satis- faction. Having always had a very earnest desire to visit the southland and especially far-famed Kentucky, I promptly accepted the invitation of Mr. Blake and within a few days thereafter arrived in the beautiful and attractive little village of Berry. Upon my arrival at the station I was met and greeted by Mr. Blake, himself, who conducted me through the town and out to his farm, where I was hospitably received by the other members of his family, his office force, the overseer of the farm, kennel attendants, etc. Magnificent quarters were placed at. my disposal and I was made to feel comfortable and perfectly “at home.” Boys, Kentucky hospitality is no myth, as Mr. Blake and his friends certainly entertained me like a prince while there. The friendship that ex- isted between us through our corre- spondence gained volume when I met and talked with Mr. Blake. He is a man of fine intellectual powers and bril- liant personality. Very briefly I shall endeavor to de- scribe the quality of the dogs, the ken- nels and the surrounding country. Too much cannot be said of the dogs and their superb quality. But it is only nat- ural that dogs of extraordinary quality should be raised with such environments as these dogs have. Being farm-raised they are naturally sturdy and hardy LAURENCE. physically and being of thoroughbred stock is another decided advantage they possess over the dogs of many other kennels of more or less mixed blood lines. Early in life they are vaccinated and made immune from distemper and other contagious diseases. Disease is. practically unknown at the Blue Grass. Farm Kennels; Mr. Blake tells me, only one real bad case of distemper having developed since the first of the year. The kennels are daily sterilized, fresh beds of straw placed in them, the ken- nels themselves being frequently white- washed as a preventive to germs getting a foot-hold on the premises and every precaution known to medical science and that years of experience has developed is used to keep down disease. Complete success has attended Mr. Blake’s efforts along this line. ; The kennels are located on a beauti- ful blue grass farm comprising eighty- odd acres, every rod of which is mod- ernly equipped and improved. The main kennel is located on the southern side of a hill, protecting the dogs from the cold and severe blasts of winter winds and affording them the warm balmy air that comes from the south. The ken- nels are so located on the slopes of the hill that the sun can shine directly into them even in winter when “old glory” rises in the extreme southeast and sets in the extreme southwest. It is a well known fact that the rays of the sun are most deadly to the germs of disease: The kennels are supported by concrete foundations, which prevent their over- _ flow in rainy weather. Setters, pointers, fox and cathounds, bear and lionhounds, — coonhounds, bloodhounds, etc., too nu- merous to mention, all have separate apartments. Females and males are also kept separate. These dogs are farm- THE GAME BREEDER taised, as previously mentioned, and only the best are bred to the best, thus with each succeeding litter they grow better and better. In fact I believe they have well nigh reached the height of perfection. It is impossible for me to see in what way they can be improved upon. The farm itself contains thousands of feet of timber, making an ideal retreat for game of all kinds, which abounds in plenty. Coon, especially inhabit this ter- ritory, as a river forms the southern and western boundary of Mr. Blake’s do- main. Mr. Blake tells me that his dogs are raised and trained by twenty-seven trainers and raisers, the most expert to be found. He employs two handlers to watch after the dogs at the main ken- nels. The office force comprises some of the most skilled men that could be pos- sibly found. It is the duty of these men to handle the enormous correspondence incident to this business, which is no small task, as I personally can assert. 85 Dogs are shipped from there to every State in the Union, Canada, Mexico, South America, Central America, Phil- ippine Islands, Cuba, and in fact to nearly almost every foreign country where game is found. The kennel will accommodate many hundreds of dogs as before mentioned. The average num- ber on hand ranges from 250 to 400. The surrounding country is beautiful indeed and Mr. Blake could not, in my estimation, have selected a better suited place for the raising and training of thoroughbred dogs than here. The ken-- nels alone are well worth seeing and worth the price of the trip, aside from the beautiful scenery en route. Berry is situated on the Kentucky Division of the L.& N. R. R,, fifty-four miles south of Cincinnati, Ohio. I am sure that anyone wishing a square deal in purchasing dogs will find Mr. Blake and the Blue Grass Farm Kennels on the square. 7S BREEDING CANADA GEESE. By A. W. WHEALTON. In breeding Canada wild geese the whole trick is to get a pair to lay one season and after that they will continue to breed every year provided they are given a proper chance to nest and be free from all disturbances during the breeding season. We have small mounds, flat-topped, thrown up in the center or just at the margin of our ponds. Around the tops of these, rushes are stuck to afford Shelter and privacy for the nests; straw ‘or pine-needles are put in some place _ easily accessible, or in the nests them- fee selves, and the geese will arrange the nests as they like. My pairs have been keeping the same nests for many years, some of the oldest pairs, from forty to fifty years. Canadas lay from five to seven eggs and usually hatch all of them. I let the geese hatch out their own eggs and avoid going near the nests or disturbing them. When the goslings are hatched out I leave them entirely in the care of the parents, feeding them moistened coarse yellow corn meal, although where there is plenty of fresh green grass they often ignore this food and subsist en-- tirely on the grass. After a few weeks, I feed cracked corn, then whole grain corn. It should be understood that this ration is supplemented by the grass they forage for themselves, otherwise I should be forced to supply green foods, as well as a variety of mixed grain. As soon as the goslings are hatched out, the parents and their brood are re- moved to another compartment to pre- vent their fighting other pairs of Canadas and while doing so neglecting their young or having the latter hurt in the frequent melees. Canadas begin mating at three and (Continued on page 90.) 86 THE GAME BREEDER ‘The Game Breeder Epirep sy DWIGHT W. HUNTINGTON NEW YORK, JUNE, 1915 TERMS: 10 Cents a Copy—$1.00 a year in Advance. Postage free to all subscribers in the United States. To All Foreign Countries and Canada, $1 25. THE GAME CONSERVATION SOCIETY, INC., PUBLISHERS, 150 NASSAU ST., NEW YORK Telephone, Beekman #685. ANOTHER GAME BREEDING STATE. Three cheers for Connecticut! Just as we go to press the news comes that the Connecticut legislature has en- acted a game breeders’ bill permitting the breeding and sale of deer, pheasants and wild fowl. This has been signed by the Governor and is now a law. As is usual in first attempts, an impor- tant subject is approached wrong end first. The law should have permitted the profitable breeding of all species of game. It is absurd to permit the saving of pheasants, which are in no danger of extinction, and to deny the care and at- tention of breeders to the indigenous up- land game which most needs practical protection. It is a distinct gain, however, to say, “wild fowl,” and to not limit the indus- try to the common wild ducks, “mallards and black ducks,’ as some statutes do. These birds are in no danger of extinc- tion as the wood-duck and some other wild fowl are. We can promise the Connecticut breeders that the New York market will quickly be opened to the foods they pro- duce. The Game Conservation Society, The National Association of Audubon Societies and other associations whose co-operation is assured will soon see that a common sense law is enacted permit- ting the sale in New York of the wild foods produced by industry in other States. It is absolutely safe to purchase cheap lands in Connecticut to be used for game breeding. Some sales will be made to people who take our advice. There can be no doubt about the matter. The New York market soon will be open to the foods produced. Lands can be purchased at $2.00 per acre and up. Pheasants sell readily at $2.50 each; wild ducks sell at $1.50 and $2.00 each for common species; others bring $10.00 per pair and more. The new industry is profitable. A FRIENDLY DIFFERENCE, We take pleasure in printing the let- ter of Mr. John W. Talbot of Indiana. Mr. Talbot has done something in his State which we believe it would be im- possible to do in many States at the present time. Our admiration for what he has done is unbounded. We certainly had no intention of belittling or criticiz- ing the Indiana law which places game breeding on the same basis as the breed- ing of poultry. This undoubtedly is right on private lands. We said we preferred a breeders’ law which licensed the industry and we do, — for the present at least: First—Because we believe it is pos- sible to get such an enactment in States where it would be impossible to go the limit as Mr. Talbot has done. We are willing to back a compromise measure in localities where we are sure the opposi- tion is strong enough to insist on such compromise. Second—Because there is a difference between game and poultry. There is, and we hope there always will be con- siderable wild game, which is said to be- long to the State because it has no owner—such as the game in public parks on wild and unposted lands and on pub= lic marshes and waters. The people who are interested in this game firmly be- lieve, and experience has proved they have reason to believe, that if the game produced by breeders 1s sold legally it a THE GAME BREEDER 87 may result in the sale of some of the so-called State game against the sale of which in some States there is a decided prejudice. Third—Because, for the present at least, we believe the identification of the game produced by industry-before it is sold, will be a benefit and not a burden to the breeders, provided no license or merely a nominal one be charged and provided the rules and rates applied to the identification be reasonable and small. Game is so valuable that there is a great temptation to steal it and sell it and this temptation will remain great ‘until game becomes plentiful when the theft of game will be no more important than the theft of poultry now is. We should remember, also, that the best game is bred in the fields and woods, as it should be in the most sanitary man- ner; this is more easily stolen than poultry is. There is much poaching in England, although the incentive is small, because game is cheaper, often, than poultry. Many breeders while the prices for this -desirable food are tre- mendously high will agree with us that it is desirable to have the food produced by industry, safeguarded against theft and the customers should be willing to pay a fraction of a cent per bird which is-all the identification tags should cost. They should be furnished by the State to reputable breeders in large lots. Mr. Talbot seems to have misunder- stood what we said about our, “doubt if the Indiana law will result in much wild game being sold.” We did not wish to convey the idea that we did not be- lieve much game would be produced and sold: we wished to express the opinion that in Indiana we did not believe the sale of game produced by industry would result in much of the wild or “State game” being marketed. The temptation to sell game illegally is not so great in Indiana as it is in some States. On an- other page we predicted that Indiana un- doubtedly would produce abundantly. We hope and believe it will; and if it does Mr. Talbot’s excellent law un- doubtedly will remain in the books, as it should. 2 We are not only in favor of the In- diana law but we are enthusiastic about it. We not only admire Mr. Talbot’s work but we are enthusiastic about it. Mr. Talbot has performed a great serv- ice for his State and a great service for America. If the Indiana law works out well, it undoubtedly will be copied in other States and we will support the idea wherever it appears. The reasons why we favor, for the present, the regula- tion of the new industry have been stated. We hope the people of Indiana will appreciate fully what Mr. Talbot has done; if they will nominate him for Governor we will stump the State for him. We don’t know what his politics are. We are for him. Wild Game Legally Taken. Mr. Talbot will agree with us no doubt that wild game (birds or mam- mals) legally taken in the chase belongs to the taker; that it is and should be his personal property. It becomes his because of his industry; because he has pursued it and reduced it to his posses- sion. All that is or should be required is that the game be legally taken during the open season. This was the Roman law from which many of the good laws of England and America were copied. It is nothing more than common sense to say that a game bird legally taken and in the pocket of the gunner is his. This bemg so he should sell it, if he wishes to do so, in order that some one of the people, who are said to own the game, may have a taste of it. ae In England and other civilized coun- tries the wild fowler or market gunner not only sells the wild game he may shoot but he is permitted to trap it for the market. He procures food for the people to eat just as the cod-fishermen go to the public waters in America and procure public fish for the people to eat. We have said that the market gunner has a better excuse for his existence than a sportsman who.claims that he only kills birds for fun. We have visited and shot with good and entertaining market gunners and we hope to live to «88 THE GAME BREEDER see the day when they can have the same freedom in America that such gunners have in other civilized countries. We know that there is a big prejudice against these good old honest souls which some- how does not attach to similar charac- ters who take fish for us to eat. We have been willing to compromise and let the market gunners be kept out of their homes in the country until such time as those who wish to destroy game for fun produce enough to help fill the markets. The reason market gunners can sell game abroad is, no doubt, that the farms and other private lands are made to pro- duce game as they should. It has al- ways seemed strange to us when a “true sportsman” remarks that the people own the game and therefore rio one can have any but him. “I will consent,” he says, “to a law that even I cannot give any away.” Is it no longer more blessed to give than to receive? Game is a highly valuable food for invalids. Any physi- cian will say that it has a special value besides tempting the appetite. When a “game hog’? who had shot a few more birds than he needed proved that he had sent them to a hospital the great ex- pounder of the “game hog” idea, Shields, frankly said: “That is an extenuating circumstance.” We are willing to go the limit, Brother Talbot, and we sincerely hope you will join us when we restore the good old wild fowlers to their cabins by the sea. As a matter of compromise, however, we consent for the present to delay them until game becomes so abundant that everyone can have it, “cheaper than poultry,” just as the in- habitants of other civilized countries have it. Again we say we are delighted that Indiana is in advance of the more game possession. We shall observe the in- dustry in that State and we hope to re- port it fully. Our difference is simply one of expediency and we believe we know what can be done and what can- not be done just now in some localities better than Mr. Talbot does. We are willing to make haste slowly since we believe this plan in many States will work. Ohio is next door to Indiana. The best that could be done in that State this year, we are told, was to permit the profitable breeding of pheasants only under a law providing for a 50-cent li- cense. If.Mr. Talbot can reform his neighboring State, Ohio, we will shout for joy. CORRESPONDENCE. Editor Game Breeder: This is for publication if you can give it space. I thank you for the publication of my portrait in your May issue, but I would have been more grateful to you if you had taken a sane view of the Indiana law in that issue instead of criticising that law. It is no pleasure for me to see my portrait published in conjunction with a principle or argument that I know to be absolutely wrong, because it seems to lend my sanction to the erroneous views expressed by you concerning legislation. Your idea of only permitting game breeding by private individuals for profit under a license from the State is en- tirely wrong. Your idea that game pro- duced by private individuals should not be sold except after having been tagged or after a permit has been received from some State officer is entirely wrong. Your views on this matter will not make it right and it is your views on this mat- ter that keep The Game Breeder from being the success that it should be. If no one could raise, ducks or chick- ens without a State license, practically no farmer would raise them. If no one could sell ducks or chickens without first obtaining a tag or a permit from State authorities, there would be very few offered for sale. Your ancestors who first domesticated animals did so because they were not hampered by any license foolishness or tag foolishness. It _ is all nonsense to say that such laws safeguard wild game. They do nothing of the kind. Laws prohibiting the kill- ing or selling of wild game and placing upon any person prosecuted the burden THE GAME BREEDER of showing that the game he sold was raised in domesticity would be a good law. A law that compels correspondence and expenditure of money in red tape as a prerequisite to game breeding is, if you will pardon the expression, damned nonsense, and you never can expect either through The Game Breeder or otherwise to do much toward proper laws and free game until you quit apolo- gizing for proper laws for game breed- ing. I noticed that when the Indiana law was first proposed you were inclined to find fault with its wording. Now you are inclined to find fault with it because it gives the people of Indiana an oppor- tunity to raise game. It may interest you to know that I have on file clippings from twenty-seven Indiana papers en- dorsing this law and urging the people to begin game breeding. They take the common sense view, which is not your view. Your view that it will not result in game breeding is wrong. It is already doing so. If it is your purpose to pay salaries to officers whether they be needed or not, you are adopting the right course in your editorial department. I trust you will give publicity to this letter because I do not want to be mis- understood and I do not want anybody to use my name to mislead the people as to what should be enacted in the form of game laws. Yours very truly, Joun W. Tatsor, Secy. Game Bird Society. Indiana. Editor Game Breeder : Some two years ago I wrote an ar- ticle for Outing Magazine in which I discussed this very question, of markets for game under regulations. In this article I endeavored to show that con- siderable areas of our country, not.alone in the West, but in the East also, contain large tracts of mountainous and other land that is not and never will be adapted to agricultural purposes but which would support deer and elk and other large game. In Dutchess County, 89 New York, the county in which I live, we have sufficient land of this character to keep the entire county in fresh meat, if it were fenced and deer and elk and other animals of this character were pro- pagated upon it. These animals could be raised on such land at almost no ex- pense—the expense indeed would consist of a little feeding during winter months when the ground is covered with snow, and in this part of New York State such periods are short. I also endeavored to show in the ar- ticle mentioned that our present restric- tions stand in the way, pretty absolutely, of any investment along these lines. There is no one in this country who is more deeply interested in game preser- vation than myself, but at the same time I believe that our laws should be com- mon sense laws that would permit us to propagate domesticated deer and sell them. Of course, this would have to be under supervision that would be strict enough to eliminate the possibility of wild game being killed and run in upon the market. It seems to me that a law might be frained which would safeguard our wild game and at the same time per- mit the domesticated game to be killed and sold in the open market and shipped from one State to another. Such a law of course would have to be strictly en- forced. The trouble with a great many of our conservationists is that they are unpractical in their methods, and lean backward in the attempt to walk straight. Yours very truly, Ditton WALLACE. Dutchess Co., N. Y. [The New York laws now permit the profitable breeding of deer, pheasants and two species of ducks for sale. Many deer and birds are bred in your county and sold in New York City at excellent prices. We hope you will favor the sale, in the New York markets, of game pro- duced by industrious breeders in other States.—Editor. ] Editor Game Breeder: The bill legalizing pheasants for com- mercial purposes passed both branches 90 THE GAME BREEDER Caught 51 Rats One Week 1 2 one day in one trap, (resets itself)- Catches daily, always clean, lasts for years, 22 inches high, made of galvanized iron, can’t get out of order, weighs 9 pounds. When rats and mice pass device they die. Cheese is used, doing away with poisons. One sent prepaid on receipt of $3. Mouse trap 10 inches high, $1. Money back if not satisfied. H. D. SWARTS Inventor and Manufacturer Universal Rat and Mouse Traps Box 566 Scranton, Pa. and is now a law. It did not include wild ducks. There was much opposition due no doubt to the fact that the propo- sition is entirely new, if not radical. The argument was used, and with good effect, that during the open season next fall, ducks would be slaughtered in the marshes by parties who had previously procured a breeders’ license, and who would thus be protected. Ducks will ne doubt be included next-year if no unsat- isfactory results follow the pheasant ex- perience. We are putting out a considerable number of birds and hope to distribute 15,000 to 20,000 eggs. Thanking you for kindly interest in our work, ' Very truly yours, Joun C. SEaks, Columbus, @ne: Chief Warden. Editor. Game Breeder : Answering your letter of April 26th. It is my belief that closing the market to game was a radical step in progress, and the only way for getting together all loose ends of the question. Now that this has been done, the next step in progress will consist in allowing game producers to raise their very desirable food supply in great quantities, and to have such game animals and birds enter the market under the supervision of a State department. Rosert T. Morris, M. D. New York. MY LITTLE BOB-WHITES. By Mary C. WILKIE. The story of my little quail does not _ end so well as that of the wild turkeys but I have always thought that, but for the interference of a white Leghorn hen, their career would have been fully as suc- cessful. We took a dozen eggs out of a quail’s nest and set them under an ordin- ary Plymouth Rock hen. While she was a good setter, she broke egg after egg, until only six remained. All hatched and the little ones were tiny downy balls, with the loveliest markings I ever saw. At first they ate potato bugs, flies and seeds, and had learned their foster mother’s cluck. I kept. her confined in a wire coop while the little Bobs ran in and out at will. I moved the coop around and the young birds grew tame and ate readily from my hand. I could easily have had the coop in the garden, but never dreamed of harm. One day a White Leghorn hen came along and gobbled them up, every one. (Continued from page 85.) four years of age and then continue breeding—how long we do not know— some of my best breeders are well past fifty years of age and show no apparent signs of senility yet. We sell the young pairs, when fully grown, at $8 the pair and I offer a few mated breeding pairs, due to breed this — spring as well, for $15 the pair and will cheerfully exchange any of these pairs after the second year, if they fail to breed, provided they are given a proper chance to nest. : 7. —— -:. 7 THE GAME BREEDER 91 mR Ee Nea OED PY A IT / AI PUPPIES FOR SALE by Robt. de Merliment out of ‘‘ Horner’s Gaby ’’, both sire and dam field trained. and won, ‘‘Rob’”’ Ist and ‘‘Gaby’’ 2nd, New York Open Class, dogs and bitches shown together. H. J. MORSE 2 - - Gardner, Mass. The Most Popular Event: at a house party or week-end gathering is usually the TRAPSHOOTING " THE DU PONT HAND TRAP contest. Men and women of all ages join in The Sport Alluring with the same enthusiasm. Spacious grounds and permanent installations are not necessary to enjoy this HOSOMEM INS pastime. At your home, in camp or on your ' motor boat you can shoot to your heart’s content _ by using the Du Pont HAND TRAP : to throw your targets. It weighs only six pounds and will fit into suitcase with targets and shells. Price, $4.00 delivered. For our free booklets on trap- _ shooting, write Dept. 354S. DU PONT POWDER co. Establis hed 1892 - “Wilmington Delaware HAND TRAP SHOOTING ON THE LAWN 92 THE GAME BREEDER CLASSIFIED ADVERTISEMENTS Announcements inserted under this head in small type for 2 cents per word. If displayed in heavy type, 5 cents per word. No advertisement accepted for less than 30 cents. Postage stamps accepted in payment. THE GAME BREEDER 150 Nassau Street New York City | LIVE GAME PHEASANT AND JAPANESE PHOENIX FOWL Eggs tor sale; several varieties. S V. REEVES, 114 E. Park Ave., Haddonficld, N. J. GET WISE—RAISE PHEASANTS FOR PASTIME. Profitable and fascinating. Send for prices. CON- NECTICUT FARMS PHEASANTRY, Union, Union County, N. J. QUAIL, PARTRIDGES, WILD FOWL, DEER AND other animals. See display advertisement in this issue. WM. J. MACKENSEN, Proprietor Pennsylvania Pheas- antry and Game Park. WILD GEESE. DUCKS, SWANS, ETC SEE DIS- play advertisement in this issue, WHEALTON WILD WATER-FOWL FARMS, Chincoteague Island, Va. WILD TURKEYS—For prices see display advertisement in this issue. W. J. MACKENSEN, Yardley, Bucks County, Pa. FOR SALE—Pheasants and eggs. Everything in the pheasant family. Pamphlet with order free. BUCK- WOOD PHEASANTRIES, Dunfield, Warren Co., New Jersey. (tot) CASH PAID FOR PEA FOWLS. State age and sex Will buy sco Ring Necks, 1oo Awherst. 100 Goldens, 100 Reeves State your best price. HELEN BARTLETT. Cassopolis. Michigan. WILD DUCKS. GEESE, PHEASANTS, PEA FOWL, Guineas, and Barred Rock Chickens of highest quality of perfection with a great show record back of them. OAK GROVE POULTRY YARDS, Yorkville, Illinois FOR SALE.—WILD DUCKS AND GEESE, MAL- lards, Pintail, Snow Geese, White Fronts, Canadas, for propagating and scientific purposes, at reasonable prices. All birds in good condition. Write GEO. J. KLEIN, Ellinwood, Kansas. PEACOCKS, ALL KINDS OF PHEASANTS, WHITE African Guineas. for sale, pure blooded, non-related. I will buy Amherst, Reeves and Pea fowls. JOHN TAL- BOT, South Bend. Indiana. Q-14-6m. FOR SALE—IMPORTED AUSTRALIAN PAPEBAR- RON geese, white India sacred doves, Australian crested pigeon, large bronze winged doves, pearl-neck doves and Mandarin ducks. THE AVIARY, East Lake Park, Los Angeles, California. WE CAN FURNISH PHEASANTS, WILD Dt CKS, rare animals, birds of all kinds Pure bred dogs. Angora cats, monkeys, ferrets. etc. Circulars free. DETROIT BIRD STORE, Detroit. Mich. FALLOW DEER, HARES, AND HUNGARIAN PAR- TRIDGES wanted .for March delivery; quote prices SAMUEL WILBUR, Englishtown, N. J. FOR SALE — PEACOCK, each $6.00; MAMMOTH Flemish Rabbit $4.00 a pair at six months. Angora rabbit $300 a pair. Pigeons: silvered pouters $600 a pair, white fantails $2.00, white dragon $2 00, red homer , $100 J.J. GAREAU, St. Roch l’Achigan, Quebec Can. PHEASANTS OF NINE VARIETIES; STOCK AND eggs. Ringnecks contractable by the thousand. DAISY FARM, San Lorenzo, California. PHEASANTS WANTED. ONLY RARE VARIETIES such as Tragopans, Manchurian, Firebacks, Impeyans, etc. Kindly quote price. A. J. MERLE, Alameda, Calif. DOGS BEARHOUNDS, IRISH WOLFHOUNDS, BI.O00D- HOUNDS. Fox, deer cat and lion hounds. Trained and young stock. so-page illustrated catalogue 5-cent stamp. ROOKWOOD KENNELS, Lexington, Ky. NORWEGIAN BEAR DOGS. IRISH WOLFHOUNDS, English bloodhounds, Russian wolfhounds, American fox- hounds, lion, cat, deer, wolf, coon and varmint dogs. Alb trained. Shioped on trial. Satisfacfion guaranteed or money refunded Purchasertodecide. Fifty page highly illustrated catalogue, 5c. stamp. ROOKWOOD KEN- NELS., Lexington, Kentucky. THE BLUE GRASS FARM KENNELS, of Berry, Ky., ofter forsale setters and pointers, fox and cat hounds, wolf and deer hounds. Coon and opossum hounds, var- mint and rabbit hounds, English bloodhounds, bear and lion hounds, also Airedale terriers. All dogs shipped purchaser to judge the quality, satisfaction guaranteed or money refunded. Sixty page, highly illustrated, instruc- tive and interesting catalogue for ten cents in stamps or coin. AIREDALES—THE GREAT ALL “ROUND DOG. Collies of the best possible blood, beautiful, intelligent ; have puppies, grown dogs and brood matrons Send for large list. W.R. WATSON, Box 7:1, Oakland, Iowa. DOGS TRAINED AND BOARDED. BEST AR- ranged kennels in the South, located on 10,000 acres leased hunting grounds; forced retrieving taught dogs of any age ; my methods never fail; thirty years experience. JESS M. WHAITE, Cyrene, Decatur Co., Ga. CHESAPEAKE BAY DUCK RETRIEVERS—THOR- oughbred Stock—Bred and raised on the James River and Chesapeake Bay. Shot over almost every day of the Duck Shooting Season. Dogsand puppies for sale. Just right to break this Fall. JOHN SLOAN, Lee Hall, Virginia. Our Wild Fowl and Waders A Practical Book on Wild Duck Breeding for Sport or Profit. Fully Illustrated $1.50 The Game Breeder 150 Nassau Street New York In writing to advertisers please mention The Game Breeder or sign your letters: “‘Yours for More Game.” THE GAME BREEDER CHESAPEAKE BAY DUCK RETRIEVERS. Thoroughbred stock, Bred and raised on the James River and Chesapeake Bay. Shot over almost every day of the duck shooting season. Dogs and pups for sale. 4 fine female puppies 6 months old, at $'5.00 each. Just right to break this season. JOHN SLOAN, Lee Hall, Virginia. is FOR SALE—MALE AND FEMALE SETTER PUP- PIES. 6 months old, registered stock A.K C $25.00 will take both. C A. KURZEL, 184 Fairview Ave., Jersey City, N. J. N. Y. & N. J. Tel Conn. GAMEHEEPERS HEAD GAMEKEEPER OR SUPERINTENDENT— wanted by experienced man as above, 20 years’ first-class character in England and America Understand raising of all kinds of Game and Ducks, training and management of Dogs, trapping of all kinds of Vermin. B, care of The Game Breeder, 150 Nassau St., New York. SUPERINTENDENT.— Wanted, by experienced man, 25 vears, first-class references from large estates and game farms where 3.coo pheasants have been penned and 20 ooo raised yearly. Understand the raising of all kinds of game and wild duck, management ot incubators, testing of eggs, trapping of vermin. training and management of dogs and all duties making of rabbit warsrens. W.B., care of The Game Breeder, 150 Nassau St , N. Y. City. POSITION WANTED AS SUPERINTENDENT OF large estate or game preserve by a professional forester and gamekeeper. Very capable man with fish and game production of all kinds ; also breeding and training sport- ing jogs. Excellent trapper. Highly recommended. Address SUPERINTENDENT, care of the Game Breed- er, 15c Nassau Street, New York. GAMEKEEPER— LIFE EXPERIENCED REARING land and water fowl, training and handling high class shooting dogs, conditioning for shows. A-l rearing pup- pies, well up in veterinary, competent manager of club or Private estate. Distance immaterial J.H.W., care of The Game Breeder, 150 Nassau St., N. Y. City. GAMEKEEPER—WANTS SITUATION FOR NEXT season. Skilled in pheasant and duck rearing. Will be open for employment January 1st. Reason for changing position is desire to get a change of climate for family A. E JAMES, care of The Game Breeder, 150 Nassau St., New York City. HEAD GAMEKEEPER, SCOTCH, WANTS SITUA- tion. Thoroughly experieneed in reating pheasants, ' wild ducks, turkeys and partridges; 26 years’ experien e. Can be highly recommended. R J. M., care of The Game * Breeder. 150 Nassau Street. New York. GAMEKEEPER REQUIRES SITUATION. UNDER- Stands all duties. Best references from Europe and this country. Address M. F.. care of The Game Breeder, iso Nassau Street, New York. EXPERIENCED UNDER KEEPER WANTED FOR Private Estate. Age 20to24. Apply to T. B., care of The Game Breeder, 150 Nassau St., New York City. HEAD GAMEKEEPER, SCOTCH, WANTS SITUA- tion. Thoroughly understands Pheasant and Wild Duck raising, (will rear Pheasants by contract), Incubators, management of deer, rearing and training of dogs, vermin trapping. Well recommended. Address W. S., care of The Game Breeder, 150 Nassau St., New York City. GAME EGGS BOOK YOUR ORDER NOW FOR CHINESE RING- neck pheasant eggs, Oregon's famous game bird. $38 00 Ee dozen, $20.00 per hundred. OREGON BIRD & HEASANT FARM, Beaverton, Oregon. 93 FINEST STRAIN OF ENGLISH RING-NECKED PHEASANT EGGS for sale during June; $15.00 per hundred, in lots of not less than 100 eggs. Apply to DUNCAN DUNN, Superintendent, State Game Farm, Forked River, N. J. MALLARD DRAKES AND EGGS FOR SALE. Eggs at the rate of $2.00asetting. REDDEN QUAIL CLUB, Paoli, Pennsylvania. WILD MALLARD DUCK EGGS $1.50 per dozen; safe delivery anywhere, full blooded (send draft), no limit, large orders $10.co hundred. C. E. BREMAN CO,, Danville, Illinois RING NECK PHEASANT EGGS FROM CHOICE stock, Order now for early delivery. $2 50 per setting of x5eggs. EDWARD W. DOLAN, Worthington, Minn. FOR SALE—PHEASANT EGGS FOR HATCHING. Golden and pure Lady Amherst. One pair year old nybrid bieds for sale. E. R. ANDERSON, So. Hamilton, . O., Mass. PHEASANT EGGS IN JUNE, $4.80 PER HUNDRED. THOS. COWLEY GAME FARM, Mawdesley, Orms- kirk, England. ENGLISH RING-NECK PHEASANTS’ EGGS FOR HATCHING, from strong healthy stock. $3 asetting. $23 ahundred. Miss HOPE PICKERING, Hope Poultry Farm, Rumford, R. I. PHEASANT EGGS FOR DELIVERY IN MAY AND JUNE, $15 per 110; $125 per 1100. Guaranteed 40% fer- tile. Packed in dry wood will keep good for a month. ARTHUR DAVIS, The Pheasantries, Denner Hill, Great Wissenden, Buck, England (Associate Game Guild) RING NECK PHEASANT EGGS FOR HATCHING. $3.00 per setting. ERNEST WOODER, Oxford Jct , Iowa GAME BIRDS WANTED WANTED—IMPEYAN, ELLIOTT, SWINHOE, MAN- churian, fireback, peacock, Mexican Royal and other fancy stock pheasants ; also quails, Bob-white, grouse, wild doves, squirrels wood-duck, white peafowl and Java pea- fowl. F. WEINBERG, East Lake Park, Los Angeles, Cal. I AM IN THE MARKET FOR CALIFORNIA MOUN- tain partridges and masked Bob-whites. F. A., care of The Game Breeder, 150 Nassau Street, New York. WANTED—ANY OF THE FOLLOWING VARIETIES of pheasants. Must bein fullfeather and free from scaly leg and in good health. Swinhoe, Tragopan Satyr. Blyth Tragopan, 'Veilot Fireback. White Crested Pheasarits, Soemmering, Cheer Elliotts, Borneo Fireback. Pair Man- churian Eared that have bred in captivity. In addressing this office state age. number, sex and lowest cash price. CHILES & CO., Mt. Sterling, Kentucky. PIGEONS BEST HOMERS AND CARNEAUX PIGEONS TIME and money can produce. -Pictures and description free. Write NATIONAL SOQUAB FARM, Itasca, Texas. MISCELLANEOUS RUFFED GROUSE WANTED, STATE PRICE. A. I. W., care of The Game Breeder, 150 Nassau Street, New York. WANTED—ACORNS., STATE PRICE PER BUSHEL. A. I. W., care of The Game Breeder, 150 Nassau Street, New York. RANCHED RAISED MINK FOR SALE—FOXES, raccoons, skunks, carneaux pigeons. TARMAN’S FUR FARM, Quincy, Pennsylvania. In writing to advertisers please mention The Game Breeder or sign your letters: ‘‘ Yours for More Game.” 94 THE GAME BREEDER WILD MALLARD DUCKS—RAISED AND REGIS- tered in old Wisconsin. Eggs $1 25 per12; birds $1.50 each. Excellent decoys. Ordernow. E.G.SHOWERS, Onalaska, Wisconsin. BEAR CUB, HALF GROWN MALE, VERY TAME, never confined, bargain. Box 327, Lexington, Kentucky. WANTED—COPIES OF THE GAME BREEDER FOR June, 1913; September, 1913; April, 1914; June, 1914; December, 1914. We will pay 20 cents per copy for a few copies of the issues named in goodcondition. THE GAME BREEDER, iso Nassau Street, N. Y. GERMINABLE WILD RICE SEED. SHIPMENT IN time for Spring sowing. Shipped wet as recommended by Department of Agriculiure. Order now. ROBERT CAMPBELL, Keene, Ont. WHIFE’S PRESERVE—WILD CELERY AND ALL kinds of wild duck food, plants and seeds. Also enter- tain sportsmen. Waterlily, Currituck Sound, North Caro- lina. WANTED—ACORNS. State price per bushel. M. TAN- ENBAUM, 149 Broadway, New York City. PHEASANT EGGS Place your order for eggs now—from the Pheasantries of the well-known Blooming Grove Hunting and Fishing Club, Pike Co., Pa. We have raised thousands of pheas- ants yearly for the past eight years and carry only the best stock of hardy, strong flying English Ring-necked birds. Our eggs are carefully selected and packed. Price $3.00 per clutch of 15, or $18.00 per 100. BLOOMING GROVE CLUB, 220 Broadway, N. Y. WILD DUCK EGGS from strong flying birds which were bred wild Original in a marsh. stock from The Game Breeders’ Association. For prices write Dr. HENRY HEATH, Jr., ORIENT, L. I., N. Y. Our Wild Fowl and Waders Practical Book on Duck Breeding for Sport and Profit $1.50 The Game Breeder, 159 Nassau St., N. Y. C. Wild Water Fowl “Our Specialties.” Wood Ducks, Mandarins, Wild Black — Mallards for stocking game preserves. Safe delivery guaranteed. 500 Can- ada Wild Geese, $8.00 to $10.00 per pair. Australian, South American, Carolina Swans. 200 trained English Decoy Ducks, guaranteed Callers and Breeders, $5.00 per pair. Eggs, 15 for $2.00. Mallards and Canada Geese must be bought NOW to breed this Spring. For prices of other wild fowl apply to WHEALTON WILD WATER-FOWL FARMS Chincoteague Island, Virginia Our Feathered Game $2.00 Our Big Game - - - - 2.00 The Game Breeder (for one year) 1.00 $5.00 Special Offer for This Month We will send the two books and the magazine for one levers $ and the magazine | 3.00 THE GAME BREEDER 150 Nassau Street New York, N. Y. More Game, and Fewer Game Laws In writing to advertisers please mention The Game Breeder or sign your letters: “Yours for More Game.” THE GAME BREEDER 95 MALLARD EGGS FOR SALE From Hand Raised Wild Mallards on Free Range, Stock Unsurpassed. $25.00 per 100, in lots of a 100 110 to the 100 $20.00 per 100, in lots of 500 110 to the 100 $3.60 per setting of 15 Eggs A. SCOTT, Gamekeeper Froh-Heim Game Preserve FAR HILLS NEW JERSEY EGGS Mallard Eggs From Strong Flying Birds April Delivery $25.00 per hundred Later Deliveries $20.00 per hundred Orders booked and filled in the order in which they are received T. A. A Care of THE GAME BREEDER 150 Nassau St., New York | THE LURE OF WILD RICE bring Ducks hundreds of miles—my Wild Rice Seed for planting is the finest of the year—also Wild Celery, Wapato, and other natural foods that Ducks love. Terrell’s Famous Wild Fowl Strong, healthy, fresh from their native haunts— for breeding or stocking purposes. I have the Wild Fowl that are considered best in the country. Mallards, Black Ducks, Canvasbacks, Wood Ducks, Pintails, Teal, Geese, Pheasants, etc., and Wild Mallard eggs in Spring from birds of strong flying strain. Write for My Free Instructive Booklet. CLYDE B. TERRELL Naturalist Department P OSHKOSH, WISCONSIN Eggs and Pheasants For Sale © We are now booking orders for eggs of the following varieties: Pheasants, Silver, Golden, Ringneck, Mongolian, Reeves, Am- herst, Versicolor, Prince of Wales. Wealso offer for sale all of the above varieties as well as Impeyan, Peacock, Swinhoe and Manchurian Eared, also Japanese Longtails Blue Peafowls, White Peafowls. WANTED Peafowl, Pheasants and Ducks We are also in the market for any of following: White Peafowl, Japanese Black- shouldered or Java; in Pheasants, any of Tragopans, Firebacks, Cheer, Somering, Elliott, Kalij-Whitecrested, also Canvas- back ducks. In writing quote number, sex and lowest cash price. We will on receipt of 20 cents send color- type catalogue of pheasants and fowls, both land and water. CHILES & CO., Mt. Sterling, Ky. In writing to advertisers please mention The Game Breeder or sign your letters: ‘Yours for More Game.” 96 THE GAME BREEDER OUR WILD FOWL AND WADERS THE NEW YORK TIMES ‘The subject is the development of a new crop—a flesh crop which has especial - timeliness in view of the general exhaustion of our food supply. Mr. Huntington dis- cusses in the most practical manner the restoration of this crop of feathered game, and from the standpoint both of the sportsman and the market gunner, wild ducks, it seems, can be raised as easily and cheaply as domesticated ducks, and with equally excellent financial results. The way to do this is described with estimates of cost and citation of experience abroad, where the deficiency of food supply has led to the discovery and elaboration of many remedies to which we have not yet been forced. Mr. Huntington’s book is illustrated with photographs, interesting alike to naturalists and breeders.” WILLIAM BREWSTER “*Our Wild Fowl and Waders’ is obviously an able, comprehensive and very interesting treatise on a subject which has hitherto received but little attention from writers, especially in America, and concerning which naturalists, as well as sports- men, will, I am sure, be glad to be thus credibly and pleasingly informed.” THE LOCKPORT UNION-SUN “Mr. Huntington has given to the American people an admirable treatise on the practical methods of making these splendid and desirable birds profitably plentiful. Ponds, streams and waste lands which do not pay the meagre taxes upon them can be utilized and be made to yield both handsome profits and good sport. This American authority on wild game tells the farmers and land owners of this country how to do it.” CHARLES HALLOCK ““The wild fowl book is valuable, clearsighted and scholastic. It is a direct appeal to sportsmen of common sense and generous behavior, and they will readily absorb its comprehensive pages and act accordingly — and live thereby.” DR. R. W. SHUFELDT ‘““T have enjoyed the treat in my reading of this book from frontispiece to finis, and I wager anybody else will enjoy it. . . . The author has placed every sports- man, every naturalist and a great many other citizens of other callings squarely under obligations to him. The book is a direct and logical argument setting forth the means for the preservation in the future of our wild fowl and waders. . . . The illustrations are judiciously selected, interesting and materially add to the value of the volume.’ A. A. HILL “This is not only a readable book, but it is important in an economic sense, and it will especially appeal to all who are interested in the conservation of wild life, and especially our game birds.” AUTOMOBILE DEALER AND REPAIRER “Tf the advice of Dwight W. Huntington, pioneer and apostle of the movement in this country for a rational game protection and conservation, be acted upon, the time is coming speedily when game will be as cheap as beef or mutton. At present, after fifty years of legal protection, we have no game to amount to anything save in the more remote sections. . . . The book is not only instructive in an economic sense, showing how to make wild duck preserves safe and attractive, how to get stock and eggs and the food required, but is delightful reading for all. The author of ‘Our Wild Fowl and Waders’ is doing a great public service in his campaign for more game.” OUR WILD FOWL AND WADERS will be sent to any address in the United States or Canada with THE GAME BREEDER for one year upon receipt of $2.00. THE GAME CONSERVATION SOCIETY 150 NASSAU STREET, N. Y. Pennsylvania Pheasantry and Game Park I carry the largest stock in America of live game birds, ornamental birds and quadrupeds. Hungarian Partridges I am prepared to fill the largest orders “Ss, for these birds and for years I have filled JK practically all of the large State orders for both eae = gs AS ye ee Fe Uo % 27 Partridges and Pheasants. \ — Pheasants My Pheasant pens hold thousands of Pheasants and I am prepared to furnish these birds in large numbers to State de- partments, individual breeders and preserves. : Wild Duck Mallards, Black Duck, Teal, Wood Duck, Pintails and other species : can be supplied in large numbers at at- tractive prices. Also Mandarins and all other water fowl. Wild Turkeys I am now the largest breeder and dealer in Wild Turkeys and can supply these birds in good numbers to State Departments and preserve owners lI carry the largest stock in America of ornamental birds and animals. My ponds now contain nearly 200 best Royal Swans of England. I have fine lot of the beautiful pink FLAMINGOES and the very large European PELICANS. Also STORKS, CRANES, PEAFOWL, fancy GEESE and DUCKS. My pheasant pens contain over a thousand Ringneck and fancy PHEASANTS. All stock is kept under practically natural conditions. I have 80 acres of land entirely devoted to my business. Canalso promptly furnish BUFFALOES, DEER, LLAMAS. RABBITS, etc. Orders booked during summer. I have for years filled practically all the large State Orders and have better facilities for handling large orders than any other firm. Write me before buying elsewhere—it will pay you to do so. _ Your visit solicited. I am only 60 miles from New York and 30 miles from Philadelphia. WM. J. MACKENSEN Department V. YARDLEY, BUCKS COUNTY, PA. REAL ESTATE| OR SALE, a Tract of land suite for a game park or preserve. Contains 2500 acres, two lakes, trout streams, part cleared, balance wood- land. Timber alone is worth the price asked for the land. This tract is well suited for a Game Breeding Association or Shoot- ing Club. It is located on the Dela- ware River, not far from Port Jervis. There are a number of buildings suitable for Club purposes. We have other properties adapted for Game Breeding Associations and Shooting and Fishing Preserves. For Particulars address W. G. LYNCH The W. G. Lynch Realty Co. | Long Acre Building - - - New York 122 Per Yea Single Copies 10 ¢. ie a ay praseeen Hs mSinale Copies 10. Ext (NM MULY, 19158 Ube THE OBJECT OF THIS MAGAZINE IS TO MAKE NORTH AMERICA THE BIGGEST GAME PRODUCING COUNTRY IN THE WORLD CONTENTS Survey of the Field—More Fish—More Fish Raising and Less Fish Hatching — Attitude of the Audubon Association —The “More Game” Campaign Won—A Waste of Game—Wild Ducks for State Game Officers—Raising Deer in Connecticut—Persistent Rumors— Don’t Buy in Rhode Island—More Game—The Merry Dachshunds. Quail Breeding in Virginia - - W. B. Coleman The Prairie Grouse, Second Paper - - D. W. Huntington The Fish and Game Clubs of Quebec - Hon. E. T. D. Chambers Pheasants and Quail nies vers - Helen Bartlett Musk Grasses and Duckweeds -_- mo WerlaniicAtee Gray Partridges in England and America. Notes from The Game Farms and Preserves. : A Game Census. 3 The Game Conservation Society. Editorials—Canadian Clubs — Harmony — Correspondence—Notes from the State Game Departments—Trade Notes, etc., etc. 1 3 ARE INDISPENSABLE YET INEXPENSIVE Spratt’s Cardiac Spratt’s Bone Meal “Game Spice” For Game contains valuable stimulating is an invaluable adjunct to the and appetizing properties and soft food diet. It contains Should be added to staple valuable lime-phosphatesand is food during rawand inclement much cheaper than fresh bone, weather as it frequently wards which contains at least 504 off attacks of Gapes, Diar- moisture and which of necessity rhoea and Cramps. has to be given quite fresh. Beware of Gapes—Prevention is Better Than Cure Spratt’s Blackerite is the most effective yet agreeable method of compa eradi- cating this disease. FINE FEATHERS MAKE FINE BIRDS 9 e@ Spratt’s Partridge Meal MAKES BOTH Success in raising semi-wild birds can only be obtained by care and experience. Correct feeding is half the battle. We supply the right kind of ammunition and you will get results if you follow directions Send for ‘Pheasant Culture,” price 25c. “‘ Poultry Culture”’ sent on receipt of 10c. ‘‘Dog Culture” sent on receipt of 2c. stamp. SPRATT’S PATENT LIMITED Factory and Chief Offices at NEWARK, N. J. Depots at San Francisco; St. Louis; Cleveland; Montreal. Agency at Boston, Mass. L. THE GAME BREEDER 97 Cut Out Guess Work Afield and At Traps HANGE over to the Remington-UMC “Speed Shells” —“‘ Arrow’ and “‘ Nitro Club’”’—and your good old duck gun will give you new reason for liking it. Shoot “Arrow” and ‘“‘Nitro Club” against any shot shells in the world, afield or at the traps. You will find that these famous Remington-UMC Shells are the fastest by a good round margin. It is the Steel Lining that does it—grips the powder, keeps all the drive of the explosion in a straight line behind the shot. A Remington-UMC specialty that is giving the “Speed Shells” first place with Sportsmen everywhere. Ask for “‘Arrow’’ or ‘‘Nitro Club.” You can be sure of getting them from the dealer who displays the Red Ball Mark of Remington-UMC. Go to him. Remington Arms-Union Metallic Cartridge Co. WOOLWORTH BLDG. (233 Broadway) NEW YORK CITY The “SPEED SHELLS’ — Writ Bh RHA ssa is 7m * + aware Mbt : sstaianili as rane. circular 98 THE GAME BREEDER Game Breeders’ Supplies WIRE COOPS TRAPS Wire For Deer Parks, Rearing Fields and Kennels Coops and Hatching Boxes _ Traps For Ground and ;Winged Vea Egg Turners, Egg Boxes for Shipping And all Appliances for Game Farms and Preserves I shall be pleased to correspond with game breeders who wish to purchase wire, coops, traps or any appli- ances for the game farm and preserve. Special advice given to all contemplating the game breeders’ industry. _F. T. OATES Room 622 150 Nassau Street New York, U. S. A. I do not sell live deer and game birds, or eggs In writing to advertisers please mention The Game Breeder ‘or sign your letters: ‘Yours for More Game.” ate a ee ies Wee ¢ q ? b THE GAME BREEDER 99 Our Wild Fowl and Waders A Practical Book on the Breeding of Wild Fowl! for Sport and for Profit With Numerous Illustrations. Contains chapters on the Preservation of Snipe and Woodcock. Many readers of the Game Breeder have bred thousands of Wild Ducks by following the instructions in this book. DUCK BREEDING JS PROFITABLE. PRICE, $1.50; Special Signed Edition, $2.00. THE GAME BREEDER, 150 Nassau Street, New York Heating and Cooking Stoves for Clubs and Cottages The cane Cook Stove This is an ideal cook stove for the Mining, Lumber and Military Camps; will work just as well in the open air as indoors. Construction Companies working Jarge gangs of men will find this well suited to their requirements. - IRONSIDES A FEW OF THE LEADING STOVES FURNISHED Radnor Ranges Home Victor Hot Water Stoves Index Heating Stoves Our Friend Cook Stoves Home Victor Ranges Farmer Girl Cook Solar Kent Heating Sentry Wood Stoves Victor Cook Dobule Oven New H. A. Elm Double Heaters Stoves Home Victor Cellar Furnaces Ranges . Vulcan Double Heaters Prompt Ranges Home Cellar Furnaces Hotel Ranges Tropic Sun Heating Stoves Cozy Ranges Victor Cellar Furnaces Royal Victor Ranges Haddon Hercules Heating Stoves Victor Cook Ranges Victor Solar Cellar Furnaces No. 10 Ironsides Cook Ormond Ranges. Loyal Victor Ranges Farmer’s Furnaces and Patrol Wood Stove No. 15 Hot Blast Heating Stoves Victor Hotel Ranges Cauldrons No. 90 Ironsides Victor Gem Cook Elm Ranges Haddon Ranges Laundry Stoves Farmer Boy Cook Stoves Manufactured by S. V. REEVES, 45 N. 2nd St., Philadelphia, Pa. In writing to advertisers please mention The Game Breeder or sign your letters: ‘Yours for More Game.” PROFESSOR T. GILBERT PEARSON. Professor Pearson is the Secretary and Acting Executive Officer of the National Associations of Audubon Societies. He is an able biologist and he well understands why American game has decreased rapidly in numbers and what should be done to stop the decrease, and to make the desirable wild foods abundant and cheap. We shall have something more to say about Professor Pearson and his work in an article now in preparation. — ee a es Pert RS > rere ‘The Game Breeder VOLUME VII JULY, 1915 NUMBER 4 Co) SURVEY OF THE FIELD. More Fish. - Forest and Stream, gettting interested in: The more game movement includes game fish of course. The truth of the matter is the right to produce game fish for profit is a little in advance of the right to restore quail on toast and, other game bird dishes in some of the states. Some of our readers make ten thousand a year or more in their game fish industry and not many of them yet do as well with game, big or small. Mr. C. H. Townsend, Director of the New York Aquarium, discusses the pri- vate fish pond as a neglected resource in Forest and Stream. He says: It is possible for the private citizen to obtain pond fishes for breeding purposes, but he needs assistance and direction. Object lessons on approved methods of fish culture could be obtained by visiting public hatcheries, but this is not likely to be undertaken. It would be advantageous to the country if state fish com- missions generally could supply the coarser fishes for cultivation in private waters and furnish the public free information as to the methods to be followed. We should not rest content with the mere fact that such information exists in public documents. The edition of state documents are neither large nor well distributed, and rural populations may remain unaware that useful fishery information may be had for the asking. State fish commissions should not only prepare inexpensive pamphlets on the cultiva- tion of common fishes, but see that they reach many communities and be announced and re- viewed by the rural press everywhere. Model ponds distributed about the state for demon- strative work would, of course, be educational, like agricultural colleges and state experiment farms. I am not prepared to set forth the best means of doing this work, perhaps no two states would undertake it the same way. Kansas issued a series of illustrated bulletins on Pond Fish Culture and we understand Massachusetts has this work started. It is quite as important to have more fish and fewer fish laws as it is to have more game and fewer game laws. We are glad to see our good neighbor, more fish. More Fish Raising and Less Fish Hatching. Mr. Townsend well points out that the number of fish raised is badly out of proportion to the number of fry pro- duced : , I am convinced that some of the energy put into the production of fry is misdirected. The output is amazing. Practically all of it is hur- ried into the nearest river and none of it raised. We are all doing about the same thing and have settled into the rut of fish hatching in hatchery buildings. No one is doing any- thing new except as connected with the com- petition for increased output. Having practiced these wholesale methods for two or three decades, let us now consider whether we might not profit by a little less fish hatching and a little more fish raising. Does salvation lie only in a multiplicity of expensive Federal and state hatcheries? If our fishery establishments were equipped to raise and market one per cent. of the fry now being hatched and liberated, might not the quantity of food thus produced exceed that which eventually reaches market by way of the public waters? Let us simplify our art and teach it to the people, for they can surely help in the production of fish food. ‘ The object of the Game Conservation Society and its publication, The Game Breeder, always has been to teach the people the art of profitable game and game fish production‘and incidentally to teach the game officers not to arrest them on account of their industry. We have labored to make it impossible for such ab- surd arrests and we have helped to have many absurd crimes removed from the statutes. It is gratifying to observe that the state game departments, for the most part, now realize that it would be an easy matter for all of the people to have cheap game and cheap fish, provided they can interest the people in producing them profitably. Syndicates of sportsmen using 102 only a few of the many posted farms in. a state with the consent of their owners soon should be able to send a big lot of this desirable food to the markets and in this way they will make the people friend- ly to sport as we have pointed out often. Attitude of the Audubon Association. The attitude of the Audubon Associa- tion is now decidedly in line with the re- marks made by Mr. Townsend. Two at- tractive and well illustrated bulletins issued recently by the Association are in- tended to arouse an interest in the pro- duction of the wild food birds for profit. The bulletins are filled with practical information about the proper handling of quail, grouse, wild fowl and other game birds, and they will do much towards putting an end to the idea that game produced by industry should not be freely transported and sold to the people as food. The More Game Campaign Won. The good old dean of American sports- men was right when he observed that the campaign for more game had been won. We hardly believed it when we read his letter, but now we are sure of it. Many details remain to be worked out in the various states. These will be attended to by local interests, no doubt. Mean- time, The Game Breeder, as the trade paper of the new industry, will continue to publish the news of the legislative amendments, and it will give more and more space to-articles about how to rear successfully ; how to shoot successfully ; how to market successfully ; how to cook successfully, and we have no doubt the dear people will do the rest with avidity. A Waste of Game. The great waste of an amazing output of fry mentioned by Mr. Townsend sug- gests the great waste of valuable game birds which has occurred in the public plantings in many states. Hundreds of thousands of dollars have been expended in the purchase of live game birds which have vanished from the earth soon after they were liberated in states where shoot- ing was prohibited to give the game a chance to multiply. Practical game THE GAME BREEDER | breeders know the reason why the birds disappeared. Many foxes and other crea- tures which are classed by game keepers as vermin no doubt smacked their lips and gave thanks to the state authorities if such animals ever give thanks for good things furnished as freely as the gray partridges, pheasants and other game birds have been furnished. We are strongly in favor of the state game officers purchasing game even more liberally than they have in the past and they no doubt will when they understand, as many now do, how to liberate the game. It should be started on a number of game farms where good and skilled beat keepers are employed to look after it properly and it no doubt will multi- ply under such conditions, and spread out in all directions. Valuable game birds should not be scattered thinly over a state to fall an easy prey to vermin or a lack of proper natural foods. The best plan of course is to distribute the: game to those who will agree to look after it prop- erly. Every game protective association and every gun club should have some, provided they will look after it. They should sell some of the game produced to help pay expenses. Wild Ducks for State Game Officers. Many State game officers are unaware that wild ducks are probably the best game birds they can invest in. Many think, no doubt, that wild ducks, being migratory birds, and very wild, would soon desert if they be purchased and | liberated. This was the idea entertained by game keepers in England a few years ago. Those who have read Mr. Hunting- ton’s book, “Our Wild Fowl and Wad- ers,” know that wild ducks are the easiest game birds to handle and rear; that they are almost free from diseases; that they can be kept at home, without difficulty, and allowed to depart a few at a time or many at atime. They will fly about and visit nearby waters, furnishing sport to many guns; they will fly home when too much shot at; they will breed the second season and thereafter if some stock birds be trapped and pinioned or wing clipped during the winter when (even in the Te. THE GAME BREEDER northern States) a cheap shed is all the shelter they will need. Many birds can be permitted to migrate. Some will be shot within the State; some without the State, no doubt, but the number which will return to nest in the Spring will be found to be quite satisfactory when the fact that the Winter feeding has cost nothing is considered. The danger is not that the birds will be too wild but that they will become too tame. By letting them fly about and by not feeding them too much this difficulty easily is over- come. The State would do well to en- courage every farmer who has any water (the smallest creek or pond will do), to rear wild ducks for sport and for pro- fit. Sportsmen can be found who will enjoy the shooting. The people who eat will furnish the money to pay for the sport. ‘Raising Deer in Connecticut. The Norwich Bulletin says: There appears to be good reason back of the bill which would give the people of Con- necticut the right to raise deer for the market, and it is not surprising that the hearing thereon should have brought forth no objection, but many advocates. At the present time the State of Connecticut is engaged in the business of raising deer at the expense of the individual raisers of crops, but it is against the law to kill them except under certain conditions, and the placing of the venison on the market is absolutely prohibited. | What is sought under the proposed legisla- tion is the right to establish a new industry. The right to raise deer the same as other live stock, in an enclosure which would give them the proper protection, does not appear to be an unreasonable request. Cattle and sheep are to-day raised for the market and the business returns a good profit to a large number of farmers. Why shouldn’t it be possible for them to raise deer under proper conditions? There can certainly be no more objection to the raising of deer to kill than there can be for doing likewise by domesticated animals. Though there may be less sentiment in behalf of the provision in the bill which would allow a person engaged in such business to sell shooting rights for sportsmen seeking deer be- cause of the thickly populated conditions, there can be no apparent objection to the idea of con- tributing to the supply of fresh meat through the raising of deer. In fact, it would have been better if the State’s activities in behalf of deer had been confined to that privilege which is now being sought. The venison crop undoubtedly would soon be a big and profitable crop in Con- 103 necticut and it could be made to utilize much land which is now of little value and unused, provided the American breeders can have the same freedom which foreign breeders enjoy. We have seen wagon loads of imported deer go- ing from the docks to the dealers in New York, but if any Connecticut breeder should send his meat to this excellent market the food would be seized and the dealer who handled it would be arrested. Even if the State game officers should tag the deer and notify the New York game police that it was the personal property of a Connecticut breeder who had the right to sell the food, this would make no difference. New York denies all wild food producers in other States the right to sell their food. The people have a Statue of Liberty but foreigners have the liberty in the New York market. Persistent Rumors. During the last few days there have been persistent rumors, to the effect that Germany was seeking the Remington Arms-Union Metallic Cartridge Com- pany and some of the minor concerns in America “not so much,” the Commercial Financial World says, “on account of any shortage of ammunition for its own armies, as with a view to putting an end to the tremendous shipments which are going forward to the allies.” Mr. Samuel F. Pryor, Vice-President and General Manager of the Remington Arms-Union Metallic Cartridge Co., was emphatic in asserting that there was not the slightest foundation for the rumors. Mr. Pryor added that the addi- tions to the plant did not constitute a mere temporary expedient, but were largely made in accordance with the gen- eral policy of expansion adopted by the Company before the beginning of the war and this policy would not be inter- fered with even if the war were to come to an end to-morrow. This is good news. What would sporting America be without the Rem- ingtons? The Game Conservation Society is now the largest association of game breeders in the world. 104 Don’t Buy in Rhode Island. People who wish to purchase farms or country places are advised not to buy property in Rhode Island. The arrest of farmer Austin for producing game food on his farm seems incredible but we have it over his signature that he was arrested twice for this remarkable crime—food producing! Think of it! in a land so near the land of the free, Massachusetts, that one can step out of one state into the other. “More Game.” Mr. C. M. Bernegau, President of The Game Breeders’ Association sends the following statistics showing there is “more game” in Germany. Over fifteen million dollars worth is some game to be sure, but it is a safe bet that America will make these figures look silly in about three years. Germany is about the size of the American National Parks. We have a few extra prairies, mountains, fields, forests and farms outside the parks, all of which can be made to yield game abundantly. Hundreds of thou- sands of game eggs were produced by private industry and these are the eggs which count. People who buy things seem to do better with them than those who receive small donations from the State. The German figures are interest- ing and instructive. If our parks can be made to produce as much as Germany does what would the returns be if one half of the remaining land should be made to produce game. “According to the German Imperial Statitics for 1912, the following game was killed in Germany and offered for public sale: THE GAME BREEDER The Merry Dachshunds. A Chicago reader, writing to the Rural New Yorker, says: I noticed the unsatisfactory reply to “A Curse of Rabbits,’ in Dec. 26 issue. I have been in a similar position but rabbits, skunks and weasels have become rare guests on my poultry farm, as well as rats, since I have bought German dachshunds. These little fel- lows are bred to a size that allows them to enter a badger’s or fox’s hole, weigh about 12 to 15 pounds. They are not able to race a rabbit, but since they have an excellent scent they will dig out every one of them. If they scent a rabbit in a hole you cannot drive them away with a club. On my wood lot rabbits keep themselves mostly under brush and not so much in holes, but skunks have troubled us more. It takes a courageous dog to get a family of skunks out, to brave that blinding smell, to go in again and again, although half blind, and the saliva running out in white streams from their mouth. It is a pleasure to watch these little fellows bite roots one inch thick with their teeth in order to get nearer to the animals. My German tenant paints all my small fruit trees around the ground with a mixture of lime and cow manure, and claims this prevents damage from rabbits. The curious little German dachshund —a dog and a half long and half a dog high—as a comic paper described it, is quite popular among rabbit shooters. Many good dachshunds are owned and bred in America. Some of our adver- tisers can supply the best. Falling Straight Ahead. Jay Green—I had a ride in my cousin’s automobile while I was up t’ the city. Aaron Allred—Ye did? How’d seem? Jay Green—Waal, it felt a good deal like fallin’ into a mighty deep well, only ye dropped straight ahead instead of downward.—Chicago News. 12,870 pieces of red deer, Value M. 772,200=about $ 193,050 8940 =“ “ bucks, ena aice . 402,300= “ 100,000 62,600 “ “ roe, Behari 939,000= “ 234,750 4350 “ “black game boar, a tt 152°750— se 38,060 14,950,000 “ “hares, ; A 31,395,000= ‘ 7,848,750 8,730,000 “ “ rabbits, _ 5,238,000= “ 1,309,500 5,260,000 “ “ pheasants, e 7,890,000= “ 1,972,000: 18,970,000 <“ “ partridges, ‘ oS C00 = ee 3,794,000 96,400 “ “mountain cocks, wood cocks, i ducks, heath cocks, snipes, etc., 144,600= “ 38,150 Total value of game offered for sale. Marks: 62,109,350, or about Dollars 15,529,000. THE GAME BREEDER 105 Bobwhites—Tame as Chickems. QUAIL Biya ts I will try and give you some idea how I care for my bobwhites. My breeding pens are 15 feet long by 5 feet wide. In these pens three hen birds may be kept with one cock during breeding season and eggs be set under bantam hens. They may also be penned in pairs. They will make nice nests, lay, set and hatch won- derfully well. Of course young birds must be taken from the mother quail before they are well dry and put with bantam hens. For the first few days they will run off from hen, of course, and they have to be confined in a close place for several days, after which time they may be permitted to run at large. It is surprising to see how soon they learn the call of the bantams and follow her as well as chickens. I raised nine bobwhites in our orchard with bantams and they were never confined at all ex- cept I drove the hen and birds in a box with a fly screen door every night just as you do chickens. All of my young bobwhites were reared in this manner. My old birds are as wild as they ever aa BREEDING IN VIRGINIA CoLEMAN. were and have to be penned always. They never become tame except when taken from the wild birds as soon as they are hatched. The birds I reared by bantams are as tame as chickens and fed from the first on yolk of hard boiled egg and curd. Feed wheat bran later and when old enough to eat it let them have crushed grain such as wheat, oats and corn fed dry. When penned green food must be furnished, also ground oyster shells, crushed fine. They should have a good dust wallow of dry ashes and all such things must be looked after. For pens I use some poultry wire, % inch mesh, but find fly screen wire best; this keeps out rats, etc. It is wonderful to see how well the wild quail will do in the closest confine- ment. I have one pair of birds in a pen made of some wire I had left over which is only three by nine feet and the hen bird made a beautiful nest and laid thir- teen eggs. I had one pair of birds in a little larger pen than this and the hen laid fourteen eggs and hatched thirteen bobwhites. Before they got out of the the nest I took them from the hen quail 106 and put them with a bantam hen. The photograph I send you was made of some of these fourteen birds. I have lost very few. They can be reared in large numbers successfully. I do not believe they can be profitably raised for certainly not less than $25 per dozen. Owing to the laws of our State I have not been allowed to realize anything from my birds, although the THE GAME BREEDER experience has cost me a good deal. How- ever, I do not believe the day is far off when game breeding will be looked after with a great deal of interest. A number of our ~ people are beginning to realize that quail shooting will soon be another one of the past sports if game farms are not established. I expect to restock some of this sec- tion this spring. sNe beg THE PRAIRIE GROUSE. Second By Dwicut W. The late Dr. Sylvester D. Judd per- formed a great public service when he wrote the bulletin on “The Grouse and Wild Turkeys of the United States, and Their Economic Value.” This bulletin was issued by the U. S. Department of Agriculture in 1905 as Biological Survey Bulletin No. 24. Inviting attention to the fact that the ptairie hen was nearly or quite gone from large areas in the West, where it was numerous a few years ago, and that a number of our game birds are now gone or fast disappearing from their for- mer haunts, Dr. Judd said: “An awaken- ing appreciation of the real value of some of the species and of the indirect danger of their extermination is evinced by protective laws that have been enacted in recent years throughout the country. These laws are mainly the outcome of a realization of the value of the birds from the sportsman’s point of view. The in- vestigations upon which the present re- port is based show that the farmer has a vastly greater interest at stake in the _ increase and protection of some of these birds, notably the bobwhite, than has the sportsman. The importance of the prairie hen as a destroyer of weeds and insects has been demonstrated and its value as a food and game bird is well known.” I had the opportunity to shoot the prairie grouse when they were abundant in Illinois, Kansas, Nebraska and some other States. I have had some good Paper. HUNTINGTON. grouse shooting in Indiana and I used to shoot in the Dakotas when the prairie grouse was extending its range to the northwest, and bagged some of the prairie grouse when shooting its northern relative, the sharp-tailed grouse, which were at the time tremendously abundant in the Dakotas, Montana, and many other States, westward to the Pacific Ocean. Since 1905 the restrictive laws, to which Dr. Judd referred, have been mul- tiplied; the seasons have been made shorter; the bag limits have been made smaller; and, in some States, the shoot- ing of prairie grouse has been prohibited for years. Those familiar with the grouse are well aware as the country be- comes more densely populated they have decreased in numbers almost every- where and on vast areas they have be- come extinct. The reasons why the laws do not produce the desired results and make the game plentiful are well known to naturalists and to sportsmen who read The Game Breeder. When the ad- ditional check to the increase of the grouse (shooting) is added to the ordi- nary checks to their increase (vermin), the grouse must vanish because nature’s balance is upset in the wrong direction. There are other reasons why the grouse — must go more quickly than the quail when any shooting is permitted. They are birds of the open country, easily found and followed with the aid of good dogs and they are large and correspond- ‘not surprising that nature’s - THE GAME BREEDER ingly easy marks. The size of the birds and their toothsome flavor make them very tempting to those who are not fa- miliar with the game laws or do not heed them. Where there are open seasons some fafmers naturally entertain the opinion that it is wise to take the field early in order to anticipate the town gunners who often shoot without per- mission and are considered a nuisance in many cases. When there is a rivalry between two classes of gunners as to who shall have such desirable food it is balance quickly is upset. The stopping of the sale of grouse may have delayed matters a little but it also has made it not worth while to protect the game properly since it cannot be done profitably. We should always bear in mind the statement of the naturalist, Seaton, that the way to make American game abundant is to commer- cialize it. ; I have reports of the grouse vanish- ing from places after the laws prohibited all shooting. It is easy to understand why this should occur. All birds need their natural foods and all need cover not only at the nesting time but throughout the year as a protection against their natural enemies. When the grouse were abundant on the great western prairies, prairie grass, wild roses, wild sunflowers and other plants were abundant. The birds had opportunity for concealment and could procure winter foods above the snow., On many farms and cattle ranches the covers and foods have been entirely destroyed and the laws stopping the sale of the birds and the other destructive enactments cannot possibly make them plentiful in places where the natural con- ditions are such that they cannot escape from their natural enemies or secure any food in the winter. It is evident that these birds must be properly looked after; that some of the necessary covers and foods must be re- stored; that the grouse must not: be de- stroyed by fire and flood and farm ma- chinery and by dogs, cats, rats and il- legal gunners and egg gatherers, before we can restore these splendid food birds to our markets or ever be able to restore them to our list of game which can be q 107 shot. It is very evident that some land is needed where the wild grasses, wild roses, sunflowers, and many other foods. and covers should be permitted to grow. It must be evident to sportsmen that the farmers will not donate the needed land for such food and cover unless they be compensated. It is evident they will not put in their time controlling the many enemies of the grouse so long as the sportsmen claim to own the game and insist upon the right to destroy it without providing any means for its protection and increase. Dr. Judd pointed out that the grouse could be restored to Ohio, Kentucky and other States where it is ex- tinct but where it once was plentiful. Ten years have elapsed however since he wrote his: bulletin and practically nothing has been done for the very good reason that it does not pay to do anything in the way of practical propagation or in the way of introducing or restoring the game. The laws in fact now make it, impossible. to procure stock birds or eggs in most places, and Dr. Shufeldt, no doubt, had these facts in mind when he said he was opposed to laws protecting the game off the face of the earth. The Game Breeder’s enactments which already are in the books in some States, and will be in all we hope soon, will make it possible to get stock birds and eggs. The opening of the markets to the desirable food will make it quite worth while to produce it on many of the farms where it no longer occurs and which are posted against all gunners. Mackensen, and the other dealers in live game, who advertise in. The Game Breeder, will pay excellent prices for grouse and grouse eggs and will be the first to sell them. The birds will go to people willing to look after them now that the laws provide that they can shoot and sell some of the game to help pay ex- penses if they wish to do so. In order that sportsmen of small means may form game clubs and have good shooting dur- ing a long open season it is quite neces- sary they should have the right to sell both birds and eggs produced by their industry on the farms where the farmers are compensated. It is all important that those willing 108 to help save the grouse and make them plentiful should know how to go about it. The birds can be most successfully and inexpensively reared in a wild state, THE GAME BREEDER but first of all the ground must be made inhabitable. How to do this and where to get the stock birds and eggs will be discussed in another article. - THE FISH AND GAME CLUBS OF QUEBEC. What They Mean to the Province. What Privileges They Enjoy. By Hon. E. T. D. CHAMBERS. The Province of Quebec is the only one of the Dominion which offers to sportsmen the practically exclusive privi- leges of fishing and hunting over large tracts of forest, lake or river territory. These privileges are leased to residents, non-residents alike, and non-residents who are lessees of such privileges, or who are members of a club leasing the same, are entitled to non-resident fishing and hunting licenses at the lowest rates, which are only one-half the prices charged to other non-residents, and in some instances even less. The unsettled territory of the Prov- ince of Quebec is enormous, so that not- withstanding the fact that over five hun- dred leases have already been granted to sportsmen, there are thousands of miles of good sporting territory still available for private preserves. Many of the leases of fishing or hunting territory, or of both fishing and hunting privileges combined, are held by private individuals ; but over two hundred fish and game clubs are incorporated in the Province, nearly all of which are lessees of fishing and hunting territories. Some clubs, having a large member- ship and controlling fishing and hunting rights, exercise these rights over exten- sive tracts of country, from one to two hundred square miles each in extent. Others are, of course, very much smaller. The law limits to two hundred square miles the extent of territory that may be held for hunting and shooting purposes by any one club, and three dollars per mile per annum is the minimum price that can be charged for shooting privi- leges. i The amount of rental charged for fish- ing privileges depends upon both their quality and accessibility. Less than fifty © years ago, a season’s lease of the salmon fishing in the Grand Cascapedia was of- fered for $100. Today no less a sum than $12,000 a year is paid for the ang- ling rights of a portion of the river. The prices paid for fishing privileges are in every case exceedingly reasonable. Leases for both shooting and fishing privileges are usually made for a term of five years, but are renewable for simi- lar terms, though always at a compara- tively slight advance in the rental, be- cause of the increasing demand for such rights and their rapid improvement in actual value. Many clubs and private individuals erect comfortable camps upon their leased fish and game preserves, and some of them have erected really luxurious summer homes in the gorgeous woods of our entrancingly beautiful North Coun- try, often overlooking a charming bit of lake or river scenery. Here they spend their summer vacation, or come to enjoy their autumnal or winter hunt, often ac- companied by the members of their fam- ilies. In no part of the world is there to be had better water or more healthy and ideal camping sites than among the Laurentian lake and mountain country of the Province of Quebec. The fishing rights in the inland waters of the Province, wherever the land re- mained the property of the Crown, be- came vested in the Province in 1882, in virtue of a judgment of the Supreme Court rendered on the 28th day of April of that year, which decided that the right of fishing in inland waters belongs to the owners of the lands in front of, or i THE GAME through which such waters flow. Up to that time, practically nothing had been officially done towards developing the great sporting attractions of this prov- ince, outside of the salmon fishing, for which a few leases had been granted. The provincial authorities at once sought means to develop the rights, in the pos- session of which they had been confirmed as above related. During the first few years of their administration by the Province, the inland fishing privileges were leased on a somewhat limited scale. But in a short time the leasing system attained considerable proportions. The protection of fish and game was the main purpose of the leasing system, and this purpose it has admirably served. In the incorporation of fish and game clubs, it is the principal object for which the incorporation is granted, and in all leases of either fishing or hunting ter- ritories, the main condition of the lease is the protection of fish and game and the enforcement of the fish and game laws. It is in consideration of this pro- tective work that the valuable privileges of practically exclusive fishing, hunting and camping are leased on liberal terms to Fish and Game Protective Clubs and to individual sportsmen. The advan- tages enjoyed by these lessees cannot be had anywhere else, and amply justify the constantly increasing popularity of the system. Some of the clubs have quite a large membership, and in addition to their club houses, their territories can -now boast the existence, in various pic- turesque surroundings, of private camps or bungalows or other summer homes. Others might well follow their example. There are many lovers of the woods, in both Canadian and American cities, who, whether sportsmen or not, would be glad to learn of the opportunities of enjoying club privileges in the Province of Que- bec, and of either sharing the accommo- dation that more commodious club build- ings or cottages could supply, or of erect- ing summer homes in the woods for themselves. The advantages to the’ Province of Quebec from the existence of Fish and Game Protective Clubs and from the BREEDER ; 109 system of leasing fishing and hunting privileges are enormous. Without the efficient protection afforded by the mem- bers of these clubs and by the guardian- ship which they are required to main- tain over the territory entrusted to their care, large tracts of country now serving as fish and game peserves, whence large game, fur, fin and feather overflow into the surrounding woods and waters, would now be destitute of game and game fishes, some of which might even have shared the fate of the wild pigeon and the buffalo; for it is patent to everyone conversant with the tremendous extent of our provincial territory and with the fish and game conditions thereof, that noth- ing short of an army of thousands of men could suffice to constitute a perfectly efficient system of governmental guard- ianship. ; To the peope of the Province, both the establishment of Fish and Game Clubs and the leasing of fishing and hunting territories to private individuals have proved extremely advantageous. The amount of money spent here by non-resi- dent anglers alone is much larger than usually supposed. An estimate made a few years ago for the Commission of Conservation pointed out that in one year nearly eleven hun- dred non-resident anglers purchased li- censes for fishing with rod and line in the Province. About two hundred of them were salmon fishermen, who paid $25 each for their licenses, whether fish- ing on the open salmon waters of the Province, or being lessees of government fishing rights, members of clubs holding such leases from Province, or non-resi- dent guests of clubs or of owners or lessees of salmon fishing rights. Nearly four hundred non-residents, not being lessees of provincial waters or members of incorporated clubs, paid $10 each for licenses to angle for other fish than sal- mon, while considerably more than five hundred non-resident anglers paid $5 each for licenses for similar fishing rights, the reduced cost of such licenses being due to the fact that the holders were lessees of Crown fishing rights or members of clubs. The total amount of 110 government revenue from angling li- censes was thus nearly $11,000, and leases of angling waters brought in $50,- 000 more. This direct revenue from game fisher- ies is a very small fraction, however, of _ their actual money value to the Province. One American salmon fisherman claims that each of his fishing trips to the Prov- ince of Quebec costs him over $4,000. Some salmon fishermen lease private waters, and when, in addition to what it costs them for fishing rights they pay for their travelling expenses in Canada, their hotel bills, guides, canoes, camps and equipments, supplies, etc., $500 each is a reasonable estimate, and often it amounts to many times that sum. At least two hundred non-resident salmon fishermen must have angled in Quebec waters last year, representing a total ex- penditure of $100,000. At least a thou- sand non-resident anglers fish in the Province of Quebec for ouananiche, trout, bass, maskinongé, and other fish, and it is well within the mark to place their average expenditure in the province at $100 each. This adds $100,000 to the money value of Quebec’s inland game fisheries, making a total of $200,000. Hunting licenses yielded the Province of Quebec in the same year well over $10,000, and leases of hunting territories amounted to some $20,000 more. In ad- dition to such revenue, it is well known that the money spent by sportsmen every year amounts to a very considerable sum. It has been estimated that each of the 576 non-resident hunters who visited the Province in 1913 spent on an average $400. This would mean a total of $230,- A400 received by people of Quebec ‘in one year for their game resources alone. That the above estimate of the amounts spent in this Province by non-resident sportsmen is far below the actual figures may well be assumed when we take into consideration the expenditure of one or two out of the hundreds of clubs leasing fishing and hunting territories from the Province. The Laurentian Fish and Game Club | has expended very nearly $1,000,000 in the Province, as will be seen by a state- THE GAME BREEDER ment published below. For the last few years it has paid out over $30,000 a year in wages alone, to guardians, guides and other employes, and for provisions and other expenditure its outlay runs from $12,000 to nearly $20,000 a year. These figures do not include the amounts paid out to the railways, hotels and merchants of the Province, which are estimated to amount, for the last 25 years, to over $300,000 additional. The Squatteck Club (Temiscouata County), spent over $14,000 in the Proy- ince in one year alone,—1912,—and the members of the organiaztion have also expended upwards of $10,000, as indi- viduals, and as a club, in the erection of camps and other permanent improve- ments upon their territory. Almost all these amounts are laid out in the imme- diate vicinity of the territories leased and occupied by these clubs, so that the value of the system should be apparent to - everybody. Moreover, the greater num- ber of these fish and game territories are wild lands, often unsuited for agricul- ture, so that the money expended in their vicinity is doubly welcome to the resi- dents of the neighborhood. Where there are farms in the vicinity, the farmers usually find a good cash market at the club camps for all their fresh meat, poul- try, milk, butter and eggs. It must not be supposed that all the wild land of the Province is for lease to sportsmen. Not every visiting sports- _man nor yet every resident of the Prov- ince, is a member of a fish and game club nor can all of either class afford to lease a private preserve. For the use of these individual sportsmen, it is planned to re- serve large tracts of fishing and hunting territory, especially in the newer parts of the Province, which will be open to all anglers and hunters in the open season, without fees of any kind to residents of the Province, except for tags for the ship- ment of game; while the non-resident’s license fee will be the only charge upon non-resident sportsmen. See Advertisements in this Issue. Ad- vertisers report a bigger demand than last season. Better order quickly. THE GAME BREEDER 111 PHEASANTS AND QUAIL. By HELEN Bartuett, WitH A Note BY THE EDITOR. Miss Helen Bartlett, a skillful game breeder, in a letter to Forest and Stream, says: “‘Read- ing in your last issue, I find a letter from Mr. Griffith, Columbus, Ohio, dated April 10th, in “which he gives the views of General Speaks, the game warden of Ohio, on the subject, ‘Is the Mongolian pheasant a menace to the native game birds of the State, especially the quail?’ I feel that it is due you that I should give you the facts within my knowledge on this propo- sition. “T am no doubt the largest and most suc- cessful raiser of game birds and quail in this part of the country. My Ringneck and Mon- golian pheasants are penned in compartments fenced with two-inch poultry netting. These pens, holding the pheasants, run in a square about a field that we use for general gardening. My quail are turned loose in this garden field. They are not pinioned and their wings are not clipped. They come and go from the garden at their pleasure. We are accustomed to feed- ing them in the evening, and a great many of them always gather in from the outside alfalfa and other fields of the farm for the sweets that we throw to them. “In going from their garden, they must fly over or run through the pheasant pens, and as a consequence they usually pass through the pens, because they are averse to flying when running or walking will accomplish their pur- pose. They frequently remain in the pens with the pheasants all day. There is not a time when I go into the pheasant pens but what I find quail in some of them. I have never known a quail to be hurt by a pheasant and I have never known a pheasant to attack one. They eat together and appear to be either on the most friendly terms or indifferent to each other. “These statements of mine can be verified, if you desire to have them verified, by the Hon. Wm. R. Oates, Commissioner of Fish and Game of the State of Michigan, and by his deputies, Messrs. Jones, Hunter and Condon, who recently visited my place and spent a pleasant half day with me among the birds. Mr. Oates on that occasion stated to me that it was indeed a convincing surprise to him, after all he had read on the subject, to see the pheasants and the quail in such close and peace- ful association.” Miss Barlett writing to The Game Breeder says: “As to the quail. I have reference to the Blue Valley quail. I have one partic- _ular pen about 40 feet by 100 feet con- taining 15 Ringneck hens; it is sodded with white clover and I often see from a four to ten or twelve quail in this pen. They eat of Spratts game food and the grains given at night. I often put out “corn bread” crumbled fine and this. they devour readily, I think because it always has sugar in it and it is the corn bread I termed “sweets” in the letter you refer to. I have never seen a pheasant mo- lest them in any way. They seem to like them and even during the breeding season the quail and male Ringnecks eat side by side off of the same board. I am sure if there was any tendency to be quarrelsome the quail would not fre- quent the pheasant pens, and some time we would see the results of such en- counters.” : We had a somewhat similar experi- ence at the preserve of The Game Breed- ers’ Association on Long Island, N. Y. Some quail which had been placed on arrival in an old hen house soon ap- peared to be affected by a disease and some died. I immediately ordered the birds liberated and many of them remained in and around the garden back of a large pheasant pen. The quail soon after liberation seemed to be entirely free from the complaint which had begun to decimate them. I often saw quail in the pheasant pen and when alarmed they took wing and flew through the overhead wire much to my surprise, since the openings were just large enough for a quail to pass through with its wings closed. The birds whirred up to the openings evidently closed their wings as they passed through the small openings, then the whirring continued. Upon one occasion when I was standing near the pen with a visitor to the preserve he noticed the quail and I told him they could fly out through the wire netting over the pen. He expressed surprise at this but a few moments later, when our backs were turned, a quail which we had been observing took wing, whirred up to the wire and made “+ ring as it passed through. We turned quickly just as the 112 whirring began again and saw the quail fly on from the roof of the pen. The only record I have of pheasants annoying quail is a statement made to me by a farmer on a preserve in New Jersey who said he had seen the pheasants, re- peatedly, chasing quail in a corn field, down one row and up another. Game keepers seem to think it is not wise to have too many pheasants on partridge rearing grounds and some believe they disturb the nesting partridges. Numer- THE GAME BREEDER ous Opinions on the subject were collected by Capt. Alex. Maxwell and published in his book on Partridges and Partridge Manors. Some of these opinions were published in The Game Breeder. ce One of the game keepers at the Rasse- preague Club told me he had a large flock of quail which fed regularly with his pheasants and that he had never ob- served any disturbances. He had often seen the birds associated. -ene MUSK GRASSES AND DUCKWEEDS. Second Paper. By W. L. McATEE. é ‘ [The Bulletin on “Eleven Important Wild-duck Foods” issued by the U. S. Department of Agriculture is especially interesting to the owners of wild duck farms and preserves. Mr. McAtee has performed a public service in recording many of the foods eaten by wild ducks. We hope the bulletin may be followed by one on mast as a food for game and that Mr. McAtee can tell some of our readers where‘they can purchase acorns and other mast. There seems to be a demand for this food.—Editor.] Musk Grasses. Parts of musk grasses (alge, Chara- cee) have been found in the stomachs of the following 14 species of ducks: Mal- lard, black duck, pintail, wigeon, gadwell, green-winged- and blue-winged teals, buffle-head, goldeneye, ruddy duck, little -and big bluebills, ringneck, and red- head. The small tubers of these plants are eaten in large numbers; more than 1,100 were contained in the stomach of one goldeneye and more than 1,500 in that of a pintail. However, all parts of musk grasses are eaten. Certain ducks spending the late autumn on Currituck Sound, North Carolina, were feeding ex- tensively on these plants. Three-fifths of the food of 70 little and 35 big blue- bills taken in that locality in November, 1909, consisted of musk grasses. The stomachs of 3 pintails collected in the same locality in September contained on the average 52 per cent. of musk grasses, and of 2 in October, 90 per cent. Musk grasses belong to the great group of plants known as algz, which include forms commonly known as frog spit, green slime, and seaweeds. Most of the musk grasses (Characez) live in fresh water and are among the most highly or- ganized alge that do so. They are at- tached to the bottom, and over it often form a fluffy blanket a foot or more in thickness. Small round white tubers oc- cur in numbers on the rhizoids (root-like organs) of some species. The slender stems are jointed and bear at the joints whorls of fine tubular leaves, which usu- ally have a beaded appearance (fig. 1), due to the reproductive organs growing there. These are of two sorts; the an- theridia, which are spherical and red when mature, and the oogonia, which are ovoid and black, more or less overlaid with white. The odgonia correspond to the seeds of higher plants, and are about half a millimeter in length. These plants are translucent and fra- gile, dull green in color, and often (Chara) incrusted with lime. This has given them one of their common names limeweed. Other names are stonewort, fine moss (Michigan), oyster grass and nigger wool (North Carolina), and skunk grass (Massachusetts). The latter name ~ and that here adopted for these plants, namely, musk grass, refer to a strong odor given off by a mass of the plants when freshly taken from the water. Probably no part of the United States a THE GAME BREEDER Fig. 1—A Musk Grass (Chara). entirely lacks representatives of Chara or Nitella, our two genera of Characee. They require lime, however, and hence reach their best development in regions where that mineral is plentiful. For transplanting, musk grasses should be gathered in quantity in late summer or fall, when some or all of the odgonia are mature. be packed in small units (as in berry crates) open to the air on all sides. This will prevent fermentation; a little drying will not hurt. If they are to be trans- ported long distances, the package should be iced. For planting, bunches of the plant may be weighted and dropped to the bottom. Growth should appear the following summer. Musk grasses will grow on almost any kind of bottom, but it must be remembered that they will not thrive permanently in the absence of lime. Duckweeds. Duckweeds are abundant only under special conditions, but these conditions exist in some of the favorite haunts of our wild ducks. In the still recesses of southern cypress swamps, where duck- weeds cover the entire water surface, For shipment they should. 113 these plants contribute to the support of all species of ‘wild ducks. A statement of the duckweed content of two lots of stomachs collected at Menesha, Ark., in November and December will serve to show the importance of these plants in that locality. In the first lots were 8 Mallards, and duckweeds composed an average of more than 62 per cent. of their stomach contents. The proportion in other species was as follows: Spoon- bill (1 stomach), 55 per cent.; redhead (10) 50.3 per cent.; and little bluebill (6), 8.33 per cent. In the second lot were 64 Mallards, and they had eaten duckweeds to the average extent of more than 49 per cent. Fifteen ringnecks had consumed on the average 21.7 per cent. each, and two wood ducks, 95 per cent. In the woodland ponds also of the North- ern States duckweeds abound. Here in the breeding season the wood duck still manifests its preference for these little plants. Some stomachs are filled exclusively with them, thousands being present. : Duckweeds are relished by most of our ducks and have been found in the stom- achs of the following species additionali to those above mentioned: Pintail, gad- well, black duck, wigeon, blue-winged and green-winged teals, and big bluebill. As duckweeds sink at the approach of cold weather, they are available in the North during only the warmer months. In the South, however, they remain at the surface practically all the year. The duckweeds most commonly seen are the green disks (sometimes more or less tailed on one side, fig. 2, a, b, c, d) which cover the surface of quiet and usually shaded waters. These disks are really leaves, the plants being reduced to a leaf, with one or a few roots on the under side. Duckweeds multiply largely by budding, and the parent plant and offsets often cling together in clus- ters. Individual plants vary in size from one-twelfth to three-fourths of an inch in diameter. Two genera of duckweeds lack roots. One of these (Wolffia, fig. 2, e, f), con- tains the smallest ~ flowering plants. These appear as green granules, one twenty-fourth of an inch or less in diam- 114 vp Fic. 2.—Duckweeds; a, b, Spirodela; c, d, Lemna; e, f, Wolffia; g, h, Wolffiella, eter, and are often abundant among other duckweeds or about the margins of lakes and ponds. When the hand is dipped into the water large numbers of the plants adhere to it. They look like coarse meal, except for their green color, and feel like it, so. that a good name for them would be water meal. The other genus of rootless duck- weeds (Wolffella) consists of strap- shaped plants (fig. 2, g, h), narrowed at one or both ends. They are from one- fifth to three-fifths of an inch in length and commonly cohere in radiate bodies or in large masses of less definite struc- ture. Duckweeds are fetoun also as duck’s meat, water lentils, and seed moss. The latter term, in fact, is used in Arkansas to cover all components of the vegeta- tion of the water surface. Besides duck- THE GAME BREEDER weeds, this mass includes that green or red, velvety, mosslike plant, Azolla caro- liniana, and the branching straplike liver- worts, Ricciella. Both of these are eaten by waterfowl along with the duckweeds, but being. less plentiful are of minor importance. Most of the species of duckweeds are wide ranging. Of the single-rooted kind (Lemna, fig. 2, c, d), three species occur throughout the United States, two others are confined to the southern part, and one to the eastern. The one many-rooted species (Spirodela, fig. 2, a, b), is of universal distribution. The granule-like rootless forms (Wolffia, fig. 2, e, f), so far as known, are confined to the eastern half of the country, and the straplike rootless species (Wolffiella, fig. 2, g, h) to the southeastern quarter. The seeds of duckweeds are minute and seldom mature. The plants, there- fore, must be transplanted bodily. There is no difficulty about this, for if they are not crushed or allowed to ferment or dry, duckweeds are perfectly at home from the moment they are placed in a new body of water. Fermentation may be prevented by shipping in small units freely exposed to the air. Plants which are to be transported a long distance should be iced. It is useless to put duckweeds in large open bodies of water. They thrive best in small pools and ditches where the water surface is rarely disturbed. In ponds entirely surrounded by forest ‘growth and wooded swamps, duckweeds also abound, but they are equally at home in small pools and other openings among the reeds and sedges of marshes. They are strictly fresh-water plants. A LETTER FROM TENNESSEE. C. Lovett. I never like to estimate how many birds I am going to raise. The inclosed picture will lend emphasis to my remark. It was taken on a rearing field in Colo- rado after a fifteen-minute cloudburst. We had just finished rescue work. You will note the coops floating upside down and the hens perched on top to prevent drowning. It is only one of many un-— | expected incidents encountered in game preserving. I can raise pheasants and other game — L } THE GAME BREEDER 115 Rearing Field After Cloudburst. birds but I do not feel able to write about them. I have not so much time to devote to the pheasants, as I have other duties to attend to. The Tennessee sportsmen are just be- ginning to realize that something else besides the passage of new laws by the legislature is needed to check the rapid decrease of their game birds. I am fully satisfied from my experiences with small numbers that the bobwhites can be propagated successfully if given proper attention in the Southern States. I hope to see the experiment tried out in the near future by the State game warden. GRAY PARTRIDGES IN ENGLAND AND AMERICA. | English and Asiatic Partridges. It has become a well established cus- tom to replenish the home stocks of part- ridges from Belgium, Germany and Hun-_ gary. In all likelihood these sources will not be available for the next few years and proprietors and tenants must take the best means they can of keepng up their head of game. For some time partridge rearing has been conducted with much success. The tasks of hatching are entrusted to any light variety of domestic fowls capable of close setting. The youngsters are gradually introduced to a male adult of their own species, who eventually takes full charge of them and marches them off to their natural habitats. It has been suggested that the lerwa partridges of Asia might prove excellent substitutes for Belgians and Hungarians so far as turning-down purposes are concerned. They are handsome birds with upper parts black, striped with gray, and feet and bills red. They feed principally on the tender shoots of plants and once on the wing they are capital fliers. Many naturalists are of the opin- ion that they would do admirably in this country (England). Another foreigner which the Hon. Walter Rothschild strongly recommends for importation is the bearded partridge, the home of which is in Siberia. It is to be feared, however, that nothing can be done in the way of introducing strange birds from abroad until the war is over.—Shooting Times and British Sportsman. It is difficult and almost impossible. to 116 get gray partridges to be turned down in America on account of the war. One of our advertisers had several thousand birds shipped to Rotterdam but could not get them shipped to America and the birds were sent back to Austria. Perhaps some of the larger dealers may be able to get the lerwa partridges and the bearded partridges from Asia to fill the big State orders and the many THE GAME BREEDER orders from clubs and individuals. It will not be long, we firmly believe, before quail will be produced abundantly in the States which permit such industry and our readers can get. these birds to: liberate on their farms. It is high time that we produced these birds as abund-- antly and as cheaply as the gray part- ridges are produced in Belgium, Ger-. many and Hungary. NOTES FROM THE GAME Although the season ‘was somewhat late reports coming to the Game Conser- vation Society indicate that hundreds of thousands of eggs were sold and that the number of ducks, pheasants, and quail reared this season will be several times as large as it was last year. We hope to publish some fairly accurate figures later showing the number of eggs sold. Next season we predict that many of the State game officers will be in the market for wild ducks and duck eggs. They are just beginning to learn that wild fowl are about the easiest game birds to rear and that very small waters can be made to yield wild ducks abundantly. Our readers may anticipate big sales of wild ducks and eggs since many new clubs are forming and many individuals will start duck breeding for sport and for profit on their country places. The opening of the New York market to the sale of game produced by breed- ers in other States will give a great im- petus not only to the breeding for profit but also to the breeding for sport. Those who rear ducks for shooting had in many cases more than they could possibly use. They should, of course, sell the food they produce in the best market and when they find that such sales will pay the ex- penses of the shooting they will of course breed abundantly. Several of our advertisers in the East- ern States sold hundreds of wild duck eggs to go to California. We are prom- ised reports of the results of the hatching FARMS AND PRESERVES. and we await these with interest. One preliminary report says the eggs arrived: in good condition and that no trouble was anticipated. Our mail is getting to be tremendous. and some days we have difficulty in hand- ling it. We know all of our readers are interested in the work of others and we hope they will send us notes of their ex- periments ; notes of their failures as well as of their successes. Miss Mary Wil- kie’s account of the White Leghorn — which “gobbled up” her young bob- whites, which was published in the June — issue, should be a warning to others not — to let barnyard hens eat young quail. We all have a big lot to learn and the exchange of views in The Game Breeder promises to make this department espe- cially interesting in the future. Mem- bers of the Society are urged to send us. interesting notes early and often. The supply department has sold a big lot of wire, traps and other appliances. Hereafter this department will be con- ducted by Mr. F. T. Oakes, who will en— deavor to see that readers of the maga- zine get the best appliances at the lowest — prices. There has been a good sale for egg boxes, turners, pole traps, etc. The trout breeders report this industry as flourishing and profitable. Many say they can not fill their orders and for this reason they do not advertise. The big reduction in the cost of identification THE GAME BREEDER tags, properly provided for by the New York legislature, will reduce the cost of trout in the New York markets or it May increase the profits of the breeders because there are not enough trout to fully supply the demand. It seems likely the prices will remain up for a year or two since the demand is increasing. A number of new bass breeders have started breeding black bass and these, like the trout breeders, find the industry profitable, without advertising. We often have requests for both trout and bass and we hope it will not be long before the number of breeders is large enough to supply the demand for these desirable fish and that the breeders will let our readers know that they have fish to sell. Many elk and deer breeders who have these animals to sell complain that they cannot sell the meat they produce in the best market. Much venison is imported from foreign countries and it is absurd to prevent American deer farmers from selling in the best market and to compel the people to send their money abroad. Towards the end of the season the prices for pheasant and ducks eggs went up instead of down. A few breeders who sold their eggs for fifteen and twen- ty dollars per hundred easily could have obtained twenty-five and even thirty dol- lars per hundred had they not adver- tised them at lower prices. Some of the largest breeders quickly sold all the eggs they could supply and we heard of good sized checks being returned because the orders for eggs could not be filled. Many pheasant eggs were sold as late as June at $25 per hundred. We predict that although hundreds of thousands more €ggs will be offered next season the prices will remain up. A number of the State game officers have been urging the people to have pri- vate fish ponds and to breed all species of fish food in suitable waters. Many private fish ponds have been stocked. Wild ducks are as easily handled as fish are and they have been found to be in- teresting and profitable. The State game officers should issue bulletins telling the 117 people how to breed wild fowl on small waters, The Spratts Patent Limited, the Amer- ican dealers in game foods, have report- ed to the Game Conservation Society that their sales of wild duck foods have largely increased, indicating that the new industry is growing rapidly. It is only a few years since it became known in Eng- land that by using the proper foods it was an easy matter to rear wild ducks. The Spratts have sent us the names of a number of game keepers for whom we secured employment. Dutchess Co., N. Y. Pheasants. A Game Census. The Game Breeder wishes to obtain detailed information about the number of deer and other game mammals and about the wild turkeys, quail, grouse, pheasants, wild fowl and other game birds owned by game breeders in the United States and Canada. The census of deer and elk in game farms, parks and preserves and the census of wild tur- keys, pheasants, wild ducks, and other hand-reared game birds can be made very accurately; the census of quail, grouse, and other birds, and deer and other mammals, reared by breeders in a wild state on game farms and preserves can be made fairly accurately. One of our readers, for example, writes that he had at the end of the shooting season, one hundred and forty- three covies of quail within the limits of his grounds; that the average number (Continued an page 127.) 118 The Game Breeder Epitep sy DWIGHT W. HUNTINGTON NEW YORK, JULY, 1915 TERMS: 10 Cents a Copy—$1.00 a year in Advance. . Postage free to all subscribers in the United States. To All Foreign Countries and Canada, $1.25. THE GAME CONSERVATION SOCIETY, INC., PUBLISHERS, 150 NASSAU ST., NEW YORK Telephone, Beekman 3685. CANADIAN CLUBS. The Canadian Province of Quebec properly leases shooting and fishing rights to clubs and individuals. Many citizens of the United States and of the other provinces of Canada are members of these clubs which properly look after, protect, and in some cases propagate, the game and game fish and see that they are always abundant. The Supreme Court has decided that the right of fishing in inland waters be- longs to the owners of the lands in front of, or through which such waters flow. The unsettled territory of the Province of Quebec is enormous and notwith- standing the fact that over five hundred leases have already been granted to: sportsmen, there are thousands of miles of good sporting territory still available for private preserves. There are besides vast areas where the public, resident and non-resident can shoot and fish and the shooting and fishing on these lands and waters are benefitted, we are told, by _ the protection afforded to the game and fish by the clubs. Many readers of The Game Breeder are members of one or more of these Canadian clubs and we hope to interest them in breeding wild ducks on the club grounds. Easily they can make the ducks very abundant and by housing a few stock birds in winter they always can have breeding stock in the spring. It would be a good plan after the ducks THE GAME BREEDER are well established to band some of them and let them go South for the winter. No doubt many of them will return safely to nest beside attractive ponds where food is made plentiful. Some of our readers who let their ducks go South for the winter report that many return in the spring. We shall publish a number of illustrated articles about the attractive clubs and preserves . in the Province of Quebec. HARMONY. The Game Breeder is growing. New members join the Game Conservation Society daily and we often wonder how they heard about it when their applica- tions and the money comes in the mail. The interest taken in the work of the society by prominent scientific men; the requests from libraries and scientific as- sociations for the publication of the society and the prompt notices which are received when for any reason a copy of the magazine does not reach a mem- ber, all indicate a gratifying interest in our work. We are pleased to observe that the National Association of Audubon So- cieties has created a department of ap- plied ornithology, which is intended to encourage the profitable breeding of the wild food birds as well as to encourage the practical care and protection of the song birds and the smaller insectivorous birds which, of course, should not be killed because they are not good to eat. We are pleased to observe that the American Game Protective Association — has given some attention to game breed- ing and that it favors it. The Game Conservation Society does not give as much attention to the non- edible species of birds as the Audubon Association does, but it is interested in these birds and is aware that they are tremendously benefitted by the practical — protection given to the edible species. We are pleased to observe that the many game _ protective associations, formed to secure restrictive laws in- tended to save the game, no longer op- pose the activities of the game breeders and rapidly they are becoming aware THE GAME BREEDER. that the places where game is produced in big numbers are beneficial to the sport in which they are interested because such places tend to restock vast neighbor- hoods. There was some friction at the start. All of the game law enthusiasts did not take kindly to the activities of the game breeders. Some were afraid that pub- lic sport might be hampered in some way. It is now well known that the opening of many of the posted farms where no shooting was permitted, and the breeding of vast quantities of game has been highly beneficial to the public and that the people are becoming more friendly to sport now that they are be- ginning to eat game. It is gratifying to observe that har- mony prevails. All are in favor of “more game” and such little differences as may remain are mere matters of de- tail which will be worked out har- moniously during the next year. The opening of the New York market to the sale of game produced by industry in other States is the most important un- finished business on the “more game” calendar. This we are assured will be attended to promptly. The claim is now made by those who opposed the Machold bill, that they simply were opposed to the form of it and not to the idea. Mr. Machold and others present will remember the proposition made at the hearing to change the form to suit any opposition. It is now understood this _ will be done as it could have been done at the time. We are glad to announce that the Game Conservation Society, The Audu- bon Society, The American Protective Association and all the rest now ap- pear to be perfectly harmonious. As we have said before there is honor enough for all. CORRESPONDENCE. This Sounds Good. Editor Game Breeder: IT am much pleased with the magazine. I raise a large number of pheasants and quail annually and find there is a good profit in doing so for the market. T am an ne “119 doing all in my power to encourage it in this State. California. Good for you! O. B. FINcH. Proposed Constitutional Amendment. Editor Game Breeder: ket Why not have the State Constitution amended so as to provide that not more -than 118 game laws creating new crimes shall be enacted in any one year in New York State. I believe the highest num- ber of laws relating to game introduced in any State thus far is about 100, in one season. One hundred and eighteen therefore would seem to be a liberal al- lowance for those who enjoy the game law lobby and the limitation seems rea- sonable. A Rurat NEw YorRKER. [We see no objection to the proposed amend- ment since there should be some limit to mak- ing game laws. We insist, however, that these laws shall be kept off the farms where game is produced by industry—otherwise there will be no industry and the game will be “protected off the face of the earth,” as the distinguished naturalist, Dr. Shufeldt, has well said.— Editor. | Editor Game Breeder: There are many reasons why I am in favor of such a law as you propose. It does not seem right that a man who has no time to hunt must go without even a taste of game bird or game fish unless he is willing to break the law or get some one else to break the law by selling him game. The present law seems to me to put a standing premium on the evasion of law in this respect. I believe there is any amount of game sold indirectly. There are no accounts kept and no direct payment, but both par- ties to the transaction trust each other fully and know that recompense will be given in due time. Bo Rose, Connecticut. This is quite true. There are many people throughout the country who like to eat game. There are various ways by which they can procure it from local gunners, compensating them later, in some manner. I once, thoughtlessly, asked a local gunner who was showing 120 me some ruffed grouse shooting to let me have the birds he shot. He regretted to inform me they had been spoken for by a lady who was to give a dinner to some friends. The temptation to forget the game laws is always present. Selecting the Ground. It is important in selecting the ground for a game farm er preserve that it be visited in the spring or summer. In the winter the land may be covered with snow and it may be impossible to deter- mine its fertility and suitableness for the rearing of pheasants or other game. The game farm or preserve should be started in the summer or early fall since there is much to be done in the way of mak- ing enclosures, securing appliances and the stock birds should be purchased early and introduced into their new home if they are expected to breed well the fol- lowing spring. It is important to know what one can legally do. No one should think of buying land in Rhode Island, for exam- ple, so long as State game officers per- sist in arresting game farmers because they have stock birds, legally obtained, in their possession. In Michigan per- mits are issued to breeders permitting them to have birds in their possession but we are informed they cannot sell the food they produce. In Ohio a new law permits the profitable breeding of pheas- ants and the State is a good one for pheasant breeders only. Massachusetts, Vermont, New York, New Jersey, Indiana, Oklahoma, Colo- rado, California, Ohio and some other States now have liberal laws which per- mit the profitable breeding of all or sev- eral species of game. These States have capable and intelligent State game offi- cers. Our supply department is prepared to advise purchasers about the desirability of many localities, the attitude of the residents towards game breeders, etc., and it can actually put intending pur- chasers in the way of securing desirable properties. The department soon will be equipped to furnish everything from a THE GAME BREEDER farm or an automobile to a roll of wire ~ or a pole trap. This service 1s free to © members of the Game Conservation So- ciety. The department can save money for them in any transaction. The Game Conservation Society. A brief statement of its organization, object and membership. The Game Conservation Society which has been conducted as a somewhat loosely organized syndicate of enthusias- tic game breeders has been incorporated in order that its important work can be carried forward with more efficiency. The charter of the association is a broad one and permits the association to conduct a game farm, make experiments in game breeding and carry on an educa- tional campaign, publish books, pamph- lets and magazines, etc. The principal publications of the so- ciety will for the present be The Game Breeder and certain books about game and game breeding already issued and in preparation. . The officers of the society are: ‘President, Dwight W. Huntington; vice- president, A. A. Hill; treasurer, F. R. Prixotto; secretary, John C. Hunting- ton. The stock of the society is $10.00 per share. Subscribing members pay $1.00 per year and receive the magazine, The Game Breeder. Contributing members pay $5.00 and $10.00 per year and are entitled to have 10 and 20 copies of the magazine sent to persons named by the contributors. Life members of the society pay $100 each. Donors—The society receives dona- tions from persons wishing to aid the cause generally or in any particular local- ity. The amounts received are expended in educational campaigns usually in sending a large number of copies of the magazine to a particular State or locality where it is desired to secure legislation. The society needs funds to employ coun- sel to appear before legislative com- mittees and in certain court cases in THE GAME BREEDER which the society and its members are interested. The society favors protective laws in- tended to save the remnants of wild game where such game still occurs, but it is especially interested in seeing that the restrictive laws do not interfere with or prevent the profitable breeding of all species of game and fish. The society has done much and its members promise to do much more in the way of organizing game breeding associations and game shooting clubs. It is especially interested in the work of introducing the prairie grouse, quail and other indigenous game to places where they have become extinct and where they can be made profitably plentiful. The Game Conservation Society is in no way opposed to the American Asso- ciation or the other game protective as- sociations. Representing as it does the interests of sporting and commercial breeders The Conservation Society de- votes its energies exclusively to those engaged in the new industry and to see- ing that it is not interfered with or pre- vented. The chief object of the society is to make America the biggest game produc- ing country in the world and it is pleas- ing to observe that this object rapidly is being obtained. The Game Conserva- tion Society works hand in hand with the Economic Department of the Na- tional Association of Audubon Societies and it is pleased to give credit to all associations which show any interest in the industry of game breeding. Worth Having. The National Association of Audubon Societies has issued two good bulletins: (1) The Propagation of Upland Birds; (2) The Propagation of Wild Water- fowl. Both are beautifully illustrated. The picture of wild geese is from a painting by Horsfall and is so good that we have decided to frame it for the wall of The Game Conservation Saciety. These bulletins cost 25 cents each, but we have made an arrangement with the q 121 Audubon Association under which we can send them to any of our readers who will send us a 2-cent stamp for mailing each bulletin. The object of the bulletins is to en- courage game breeding and, as our read- ers are aware, the National Association of Audubon Societies now takes as much interest in this subject and in securing sane game laws, encouraging game breed- ing, as we do. It is a graceful act on the part of the Audubon Association to permit us to offer these two good bulle- tins, written by Mr. Job, whose good book we noticed recently. Now that we are all pulling squarely together there will surely be “more game” than was ever before known in the land. (Continued from page 117.) of birds in each covey is about fifteen. Since the birds are properly looked after, (vermin is controlled and food is-sup- plied in winter) there should be at least six or eight thousand quail on this ground at the opening of the season next fall. We desire to have reports from all members of the Game Conservation So- ciety about the number of deer and birds they own at the end of the present breed- ing season and also reports about the deer and birds owned by their neighbors. Since practically all of the owners of game in America are subscribing mem- bers of the Game Conservation Society, our census of the game owned by breed- ers in the United States and Canada will be very accurate. We wish all of our readers to send in reports stating the number of breeding fowls and deer they own and the number of young on hand in the month of August. A special mail will be sent out to special reporters for the survey of the field in all parts of the country, but we hope our readers will take an interest in this census and that _ they will send in their reports without further notice. The money expended an- nually by the Society for postage is large and we hope our readers will bear this in mind and report without waiting for spe- cial letters. If a large number of breed- 122 ers will report in response to this re- quest they will reduce the amount of our work and our expenses in connection with the game census materially. We shall be obliged to our readers if they will state if we may mention their names in connection with their reports . or if they wish simply to have the amount of game they own included in our total estimates. We wish to have the number of each species stated and in no case will we publish the names of the owners unless permission is given to do so at the time the report is sent in. We have a general knowledge, of course, about what many hundreds of breeders are doing and about how much game they own. We know enough to know that our readers will be surprised when they read the total amount of game owned by breeders in the United States and Canada. We shall be obliged to State game offi- cers if they will send us an estimate of the total number of game mammals and birds owned by breeders within their re- spective States if they have or can pro- cure any such estimates. It should be an easy matter to have the wardens re- port the number of game animals owned in their district and it will be interesting to compare the State reports with the totals furnished by members of the Game Conservation Society. We request the State game officers, most of whom are subscribing members of the Game Conservation Society, to report, also, the number of game birds reared this season on the State game farms in the States. which have State game farms. We would suggest that all estimates be made as early in August as possible. They should be addressed to THE GAME CENSUS, THE GAME BREEDER, 150 NASSAU ST., NEW YORK. THE GAME BREEDER Notes from the State Game Departments. Henry Rief, a State game warden of Washington writes: I have been engaged in the breeding of wild life for many years. made a life study of this and know of what you speak. It is absolutely necessary to ecopaene consequently you are making a step in — the right direction, but allow me to sug- — gest that while advocating propagation — you place reasonable safeguards around protecting game so that it will not open the gates for the poacher to go out in, the fields and destroy what is still left. This is an angle that should not be over- looked. I am with you on all of your good. efforts. Game can be propagated in captivity as easily as domestic birds and animals. They are even more hardy than the do- ) mestic creatures, but at the same time ninety out of every hundred make a failure of them for the reason that they do not consider nature. things to consider are—first, cleanliness. Second—feed according to natural hab- its and prevent close confinement. I have — Important — lig these are observed there is no reason ~ why propagating game in captivity should not be a success. Editor Game Breeder: Your reader should have no difficulty | in keeping at least fifty deer in a 200 acre inclosure. tive number for a tract of that size. This is a very conserva-— All our deer are the common Ameri- can white tail deer. from time to time as our herd became too large. E. I. PHILprick, Supt. Dept. Parks. Virginia, Minnesota. BED COUCOOUDCAUESRARTETAE We have sold a few © THE GAME BREEDER 123 You'll find it’s not just plain trapshooting. to Hand Trap shooting that makes it just about as exciting as field shooting. The Hand Trap will throw an almost endless variety of targets. hit half of them. That’s the , A Gun Club in Your Suitcase HAND TRAP It will give you all the facilities of a regular Gun Club wherever you may be. Ashore or afloat, it’s fascinating sport to shoot at “clays” thrown from a Du Pont Hand Trap. ‘There is an added element of uncertainty You’re “some shooter” if you can The Hand Trap weighs but seven pounds and folds up to fit in your suitcase with targets and shells. If your dealer can’t supply you, we will deliver postpaid for $4.00. Write for free booklets about trapshooting and use of Hand Trap. \ Address Dept. 345-S, 530 Du Pont Bldg. DU PONT POWDER CO., WILMINGTON DELAWARE J “EXHIBIT A.” Recently we printed a cartoon on the cover of the magazine showing bob- white in a canary cage, in order to call attention to the attempt which has been made in some places to put our best game bird on the song bird list. Farmers have been urged to prohibit the shooting of this bird on account of its being bene- ficial to agriculture, but seldom are they told that the birds can be made and kept very plentiful and profitable provided they be properly looked after and pro- tected from their natural enemies. Shoot- ing paradoxical as it may seem, can be made to cause a rapid increase in the number of the quail and many can be safely shot and sold every season. Recently the bag limit was nearly _ doubled on Long Island, N. Y. The quail shooting was very good last fall and promises to be even better next sea- son for the simple reason that the birds are properly looked after by sportsmen. Recently we printed the story of one of the Long Island shooting grounds Petitions have been circulated calling for the prohibition of quail shooting on Long Island and the enemies of sport seem determined to add Long Island to the list of places where the quail can not be shot at any time. Should they succeed it will be bad for the birds be- cause no one will look after them. Long Island should remain a good quail shooting ground in striking contrast to the places where the birds can not be shot at any time. We shall insist upon keeping Long Island open as “Exhibit A” (as the law- yers say) to be used in evidence when the attempt is made to put bobwhite on the song bird list in other states. ——_4 More Game and Fewer Game Laws. (124 THE GAME BREEDER CLASSIFIED ADVERTISEMENTS Announcements inserted under this head in small type for 2cents per word. If displayed in heavy type, 5 cents per word. No advertisement accepted for less ; = than 30 cents. Postage stamps accepted in payment. THE GAME BREEDER is 150 Nassau Street Se Pineath New York City DOGS LIVE GAME BEARHOUNDS, IRISH WOLFHOUNDS, BLOOD- HOUNDS. Fox; deer cat and lion hounds. Trained and young stock. s0-page illustrated catalogue 5-cent stamp. ROOKWOUD KENNELS, Lexington, Ky NORWEGIAN BEAR DOGS, IRISH WOLFHOUNDS, English bloodhounds, Russian wolfhounds, American fox- hounds, lion, cat, deer, wolf, coon and varmint dogs. All trained. Shipped on trial. Satisfacfion guaranteed or moneyrefunded. Purchasertodecide. Fifty page highly illustrated catalogue, 5c. stamp. ROOKWOOD KEN- NELS, Lexington, Kentucky. THE BLUE GRASS FARM KENNELS, of Berry, Ky., offer forsale setters and pointers, fox and cat hounds, wolf and deer hounds. Coon and opossum hounds, var- Mint and rabbit hounds, bear and lion hounds, also Aire- dale terriers. All dogs shipped on trial, purchaser to judge the quality, satisfaction guaranteed or money re- funded. Sixty page, highly illustrated, instructive and interesting catalogue for ten cents in stamps ,or coin, AIREDALES—THE GREAT ALL ’ROU\D DOG. Collies of the best possible blood, beautiful, intelligent ; have puppies, grown dogs and brood matrons Send for large list. W.R. WATSON, Box 711, Oakland, Iowa. DOGS TRAINED AND BOARDED. BEST AR- ranged kennels in the South, located on 10,000 acres leased hunting grounds; forced retrieving taught dogs of any age; my methods never fail ; thirtv years experience JESS M. WHAITE, Cyrene, Decatur Co., Ga. CHESAPEAKE BAY DUCK RETRIEVERS—THOR- oOughbred Stock—Bred and raised on the James River and Chesapeake Bay. Shot over almost every day of the Duck Shooting Season. Dogsand puppies for sale. Just right to break this Fall. JOHN SLOAN, Lee Hall, Virginia. CHESAPEAKE BAY DUCK RETRIEVERS: Thoroughbred stock, Bred and raised on the James River and Chesapeake Bay. Shot over almost every day of the duck shooting season. Dogs and pups for sale. 4 fine female pupotes, 6 months old. at $'5.00 each. Just right to break this season. JOHN SLQAN. Lee Hall, Virginia. MISCELLANEOUS RUFFED GROUSE WANTED, STATE PRICE. A. I. W., care of The Game Breeder, 150 Nassau Street, New York. WANTED—ACORNS, STATE PRICE PER BUSHEL: A. 1. W., care of The Game Breeder, 150 Nassau Street? New York. WILD MALLARD DUCKS—RAISED AND REGIS- tered in old Wisconsin. Eggs $1.25 periz2; birds $1.50 each. Excellent decoys. Ordernow. E.G.SHOWERS, Onalaska, Wisconsin. WANTED—COPIES OF THE GAME BREEDER FOR June, 1913; September, 1913; April, 1914; June, 1974; December, 1914. We will pay 20 cents per copy for a few copies of the issues named in goodcondition. THE GAME BREEDER, 1rso Nassau Street, N. Y. WHITE'S PRESERVE—WILD CELERY AND ALL kinds of wild duck food, plants and seeds. Also enter- tain sportsmen. Waterlily, Currituck Sound, North Caro- lina. WANTED—ACORNS. State price per bushel. M. TAN ENBAUM, 149 Broadway, New York City. PHEASANT AND JAPANESE PHOENIX FOWL Eggs for sale; several varieties. S V. REEVES, 114 E. Park Ave., Haddonfield, N. J. : EE ————— GET WISE—RAISE PHEASANTS FOR PASTIME. Profitable and fascinating. Send for prices. CON- NECTICUT FARMS PHEASANTRY, Union, Union County, N. J. QUAIL, PARTRIDGES, WILD FOWL, DEER AND: other animals. See display advertisement in this issue. WM. J. MACKENSEN, Proprietor Pennsylvania Pheas- antry and Game Park. ; By a CANADA WILD GEESE AND THEIR GOSLINGS— A limited number for sale now—the surest way to start breeding this species. We are the oldest and largest breeders of Canadas in this country. Black and White Swans,.Wild Duoks, etc., forsale. WHEALTON WATER FOWL FARMS, Chincoteague Island. Va. WILD TURKEYS—For prices see display advertisement in this issue. W. J. MACKENSEN, Yardley, Bucks County, Pa. FOR SALE—Pheasants and eggs. pheasant family. WOOD PHEASANTRIES, Dunfield, Warren Co., New Jersey. (xot) COSC xxx CASH PAID FOR PEA row State age nd sex. Will buy sco Ring Necks, roo Amherst, 100 Goldens, roo Rcepean State your best price. HELEN BARTLETT, Cassopolis, Michigan. ; es Everything in the Cassopolis, MCh 820) ae PEACOCKS, ALL KINDS OF PHEASANTS, WHITE | African Guineas, for sale, pure blooded, non-related. will buy Amherst, Reeves and Pea fowls. JOHN TAL- BOT, South Bend, Indiana. g-14-6m. Our Wild Fowl and Waders A Practical Book on Wild Duck Breeding for Sport or Profit. Fully Illustrated $1.50 The Game Breeder 150 Nassau Street New York © writing to advertisers please mention The Game Breeder or sign your letters: “Yours for More Game.” Pamphlet with order free. BUCK- | ‘ — Se THE GAME BREEDER 125 FOR SALE — PEACOCK, each $6.00; MAMMOTH Flemish Rabbit $4.00 a pair at six months. Angora rabbit $3.00 a pair. Pigeons: silvered pouters $5.00 a pair, white fantails $2.00, white dragon $2.00, red homer $100. J. J. GAREAU, St. Roch l’Achigan, Quebec. Can. ‘PHEASANTS OF NINE VARIETIES; STOCK AND eggs. Ringneckscontractable by the thousand. DAISY FARM, San Lorenzo, California. PHEASANTS WANTED. ONLY RARE VARIETIES such as Tragopans, Manchurian, Firebacks, Impeyans, etc. Kindly quote price. A. J. MERLE, Alameda, Calif. FOR SALE—ONE PET DEER, ONE YEAR-OLD. Address ROY CLEWITT, Kerrick, Minnesota. GAMEKEEPERS HEAD GAMEKEEPER OR SUPERINTENDENT— wanted by experienced man as above, 20 years’ first-class -character in England and America. Understand raising of all kinds of Game and Ducks, training and management of Dogs, trapping of all kinds of Vermin. B, care of The Game Breeder, 150 Nassau St., New York. SUPERINTENDENT.— Wanted, by experienced man, 25 years, first-class references from large estates and game farms where 3,o0co pheasants have been penned and 20,000 raised yearly. Understand the raising of all kinds of game and wild duck, management of incubators, testing of eggs, trapping of vermin, training and management of dogs and all duties making of rabbit warrens. : care of The Game Breeder, 150 Nassau St., N. Y. City. POSITION WANTED AS SUPERINTENDENT OF large estate or game preserve by a professional forester and gamekeeper. Very capable man with fish and game production of all kinds ; also breeding and training sport- ing jogs. ‘Excellent trapper. Highly recommended. Address SUPERINTENDENT, care of the Game Breed- er, 15¢ Nassau Street, New York. ‘ GAMEKEEPER— LIFE EXPERIENCED REARING land and water fowl, training and handling high class shooting dogs, conditioning for shows. A-1 rearing pup- pies, well up in veterinary, competent manager of club or private estate. Distance immaterial J. H. W., care of The Game Breeder, 150 Nassau St., N. Y. City. GAMEKEEPER—WANTS SITUATION FOR NEXT season. Skilled in pheasant and duck rearing. Will be -open for employment January 1st. Reason for changing position is desire to get a change of climate for family A. E. JAMES, care of The Game Breeder, 150 Nassau St., New York City. HEAD GAMEKEEPER, SCOTCH, WANTS SITUA- tion. Thoroughly experieneed in rearing pheasants, wild ducks, turkeys and partridges; 26 years’ experience. Can be highly recommended. R. J. M., care of The Game Breeder, 150 Nassau Street, New York. GAMEKEEPER REQUIRES SITUATION, UNDER- stands all duties. Best references from Europe and this country. Address M. F., care of The Game Breeder, 150 Nassau Street, New York. EXPERIENCED UNDER KEEPER WANTED FOR Private Estate. Single man, age 20 to 24. Applv to T. B., care of The Game Breeder, 150 Nassau St., New York City. HEAD GAMEKEEPER, SCOTCH, WANTS SITUA- tion, Thoroughly understands Pheasant and Wild Duck raising, (will rear Pheasants by contract), Incubators, management of deer, rearing and training of dogs, vermin trapping. Well recommended. Address W. S., care of The Game Breeder, 150 Nassau St., New York City. GAME EGGS BOOK YOUR ORDER NOW FOR CHINESE RING- neck pheasant eggs, Oregon’s famous game bird. $3.00 er dozen, $20.00 per hundred. OREGON BIRD & HEASANT FARM, Beaverton, Oregon. FINEST STRAIN OF ENGLISH RING-NECKED PHEASANT EGGS for sale during June; $'5.00 per hundred, in lets of not less than 100 eggs © Apply to DUNCAN DUNN, Superintendent, State Game Farm, Forked River, N. J MALLARD DRAKES AND EGGS FOR SALE. Eggs at the rate of $2.U0asetting. REDDEN QUAIL CLUB, Paoli, Pennsylvania. GOLDEN AND RING-NECK PHEASANT EGGS for sale, cheap. CONNECTICUT FARMS PHEAS- ANTRY, Union, Unton County, N. J. RING NECK PHEASANT EGGS FROM CHOICE stock. Order now for early delivery. $2.50 per setting of r3eggs. EDWARD W. DOLAN, Worthington, Minn. FOR SALE—PHEASANT EGGS FOR HATCHING. Golden and pure Lady Amherst. One pair year old hy beidibinds for sale. E. R. ANDERSON, So. Hamilton, ., Mass. PHEASANT EGGS IN JUNE, $4.80 PER HUNDRED. THOS. COWLEY GAME FARM, Mawdesley, Orms- kirk, England. ENGLISH RING-NECK PHEASANTS’ EGGS FOR HATCHING, from strong healthy stock. $3 a setting. $23 a hundred. Miss HOPE PICKERING, Hope Poultry Farm, Rumford, R. I. PHEASANT EGGS FOR DELIVERY IN MAY AND JUNE, $15 per 110; $125 per 1100. Guaranteed 90% fer- tile. Packed in dry wood will keep good for a month. ARTHUR DAVIS, The Pheasantries, Denner Hill, Great Wissenden, Buck, England (Associate Game Guild). RING NECK PHEASANT EGGS FOR HATCHING. $8.00 per setting. ERNEST WOODER, Oxford Jct., Iowa PIGEONS BEST HOMERS AND CARNEAUX PIGEONS TIME and money can produce. Pictures and description free. Write NATIONAL SQUAB FARM, Itasca, Texas. GAME BIRDS WANTED I AM IN THE MARKET FOR CALIFORNIA MOUN- tain partridges and masked Bob-whites. F. A., care of The Game Breeder, 150 Nassau Street, New York. Our Wild Fowl and Waders Practical Book on Duck Breeding for Sport and Profit $1.50 The Game Breeder, 159 Nassau St., N. Y. C. M. G. and F. Gb. Can you guess it? In writing to advertisers please mention The Game Breeder or sign your letters: “Yours fo More Game.” HBh oh THE GAME THE AMATEUR TRAINER By Ed. F. Haberlein A practical trainer of over 30 years’ experience, whose system is up to date and stands unequaled. New Edition Just Out. Illustrated. A plain, practical and concise, yet thorough guide in the art of training, handling and the correcting of faults of the bird dog subservient to the gun afield. Written especially for the novice, but equally valuable to the experienced handler. By following the instructions plainly given, every shooter possessed of a little common sense and patience can train his own dogs to perfection. Paper cover, $1.00; best fuil cloth binding and gold embossed, $1.50. Address THE GAME BREEDER, 150 Nassau Street, N. Y. WILD DUCK EGGS from strong flying birds which were bred wild in a marsh. Original stock from The Game Breeders’ Association. For prices write Dr. HENRY HEATH, Jr., ORIENT, L. I., N. Y. The Propagation of Wild Birds By HERBERT K. JOB ‘PRICE $2.00 We pay delivery charges THE GAME BREEDER 150 NASSAU STREET NEW YORK BREEDER Wild Water Fowl “Our Specialties.” Wood Ducks, Mandarins. Wild Black Mallards for stocking game preserves. Safe delivery guaranteed. 500 Can- ada Wild Geese, $8.00 to $10.00 per pair. Australian, South American, Carolina Swans. 200 trained English Decoy Ducks, guaranteed Callers and Breeders, $5.00 per pair. Eggs, 15 for $2.00. Mallards and Canada Geese must be bouglHt NOW to breed this Spring. For prices of other wild fowl apply to WHEALTON WILD WATER-FOWL FARMS Chincoteague Island, Virginia Our Feathered Game - - $2.00 Our Big Game - - - - 2.00 The Game Breeder (for one year) 1.00 $5.00 Special Offer for This Month We will send the two books and the magazine ioe one e year $3. 00 for = THE GAME BREEDER 150 Nassau Street New York, N. Y. More Game, and Fewer Game Laws In writing to advertisers please mention The Game Breeder or sign your letters: ‘‘Yours for More Game.” THE GAME BREEDER 127 MALLARD EGGS FOR SALE From Hand Raised Wild Mallards on Free Range, Stock Unsurpassed. $25.00 per 100, in lots of a 100 110 to the 100 ; $20.00 per 100, in lots of 500 110 to the 100 $3.60 per setting of 15 Eggs A. SCOTT, Gamekeeper Froh-Heim Game Preserve FAR HILLS NEW JERSEY EGGS Mallard Eggs From Strong Flying Birds - April Delivery $25.00 per hundred Later Deliveries $20.00 per hundred Orders booked and filled in the order in which they are received T. A. FA. Care of THE GAME BREEDER 150 Nassau St. New York bring Ducks hundreds of miles—my Wild Rice Seed for planting is the finest of the year—also Wild Celery, Wapato, and other natural foods that Ducks love. Terrell’s Famous Wild Fowl Strong, healthy, fresh from their native haunts— for breeding or stocking purposes. I have the Wild Fowl that are considered best in the country. Mallards, Black Ducks, Canvasbacks, Wood Ducks, Pintails, Teal, Geese, Pheasants, etc., and Wild Mallard eggs in Spring from birds of strong flying strain. Write for My Free Instructive Booklet. CLYDE B. TERRELL Naturalist Department P OSHKOSH, WISCONSIN THE LURE OF WILD RICE For Sale We offer for immediate delivery. Silver, Golden, Lady Amhurst, Reeves, Elliott, Ringnecks, Mongolian, Swinhoe, Versicolor, Impeyan Pheasants. White and Blue Peafowls. Japanese Silkies and Longtails. S.C. Buff and Blue Orping- tons, R. I. Reds. WANTED Peafowl, Pheasants and Ducks White Peafowls, Black-shouldered or Java. In Pheasants any of Tragopans, Firebacks, Cheer, Soemmering, Elliott Kalij White-crested Linneatus. Also Canvasback ducks. In writing, quote number, sex, lowest cash price. We will on receipt of 20 cents in stamps send colortype catalogue of pheasants. Eggs and Pheasants CHILES & CO., Mt. Sterling, Ky. In writing to advertisers please mention The Game Breeder or sign your letters: ““Yours for More Game.” 128 THE GAME BREEDER OUR WILD FOWL AND WADERS THE NEW YORK TIMES “The subject is the development of a new crop—a flesh crop which has especial timeliness in view of the general exhaustion of our food supply. Mr. Huntington dis- cusses in the most practical manner the restoration of this crop of feathered game, and from the standpoint both of the sportsman and the market gunner, wild ducks, it seems, can be raised as easily and cheaply as domesticated ducks, and with equally excellent financial results. The way to do this is described with estimates of cost and citation of experience abroad, where the deficiency of food supply has led to the discovery and elaboration of many remedies to which we have not yet ‘ been forced. Mr. Huntington’s book is illustrated with photographs, interesting alike to naturalists and breeders.” WILLIAM BREWSTER “<“Our Wild Fowl and Waders’ is obviously an able, comprehensive and very interesting treatise on a subject which has hitherto received but little attention from writers, especially in America, and concerning which naturalists, as well as sports- men, will, I am sure, be glad to be thus credibly and pleasingly informed.” THE LOCKPORT UNION-SUN ‘““Mr. Huntington has given to the American people an admirable treatise on the practical methods of making these splendid and desirable birds profitably plentiful. Ponds, streams and waste lands which do not pay the meagre taxes upon them can be utilized and be made to yield both handsome profits and good sport. This American authority on wild game tells the farmers and land owners of this country how to do it.” CHARLES HALLOCK “The wild fowl book is valuable, clearsighted and scholastic. It is a direct appeal to sportsmen of common sense and generous behavior, and they will readily absorb its comprehensive pages and act accordingly—and live thereby.” DR. R. W. SHUFELDT ‘“‘T have enjoyed the treat in my reading of this book from frontispiece to finis, and I wager anybody else will enjoy it. . . . The author has placed every sports- man, every naturalist and a great many other citizens of other callings squarely under obligations to him. The book is a direct and logical argument setting forth the means for the preservation in the future of our wild fowl and waders. . . . The illustrations are judiciously selected, interesting and materially add to the value of the volume.” A. A. HILL “This is not only a readable book, but it is important in an economic sense, and it will especially appeal to all who are interested in the conservation of wild life, and especially our game birds.” 3 AUTOMOBILE DEALER AND REPAIRER “Tf the advice of Dwight W. Huntington, pioneer and apostle of the movement in this country for a rational game protection and conservation, be acted upon, the time is coming speedily when game will be as cheap as beef or mutton. At present, after fifty years of legal protection, we have no game to amount to anything save in . the more remote sections. . . . The book is not only instructive in an economic 4 sense, showing how to make wild duck preserves safe and attractive, how to get stock and eggs and the food required, but is delightful reading for all. The author | of ‘Our Wild Fowl and Waders’ is doing a great public service in his campaign for more game.” OuR WILD FOWL AND WADERS will be sent to any address in the United States or Canada with THE GAME BREEDER for one year upon receipt of $2.00. THE GAME CONSERVATION SOCIETY 150 NASSAU STREET, N. Y. Le Pennsylvania Pheasantry and Game Park I carry the largest stock in America of live game birds, ornamental birds and quadrupeds. Hungarian Partridges . I am prepared to fill the largest orders S\ for these birds and for years I have filled ® practically all of the large State orders for both ~ Partridges and Pheasants. Pheasants My Pheasant pens hold thousands of Pheasants and I am prepared to furnish these birds in large numbers to State de- partments, individual breeders and preserves. : | Wild Duck Mallards, Black Duck, Teal, Wood Duck, Pintails and other species can be supplied in large numbers at at- tractive prices. Also Mandarins and all other water fowl. Wild Turkeys I am now the largest breeder and dealer in Wild Turkeys and can supply these birds in good numbers to State Departments and preserve owners I carry the largest stock in America of ornamental birds and animals. My ponds now contain nearly 200 best Royal Swans of England. I have fine lot of the beautiful pink FLAMINGOES and the very large European & PELICANS. Also STORKS, CRANES, PEAFOWL, fancy GEESE and DUCKS. My pheasant pens contain over _ athousand Ringneck and fancy PHEASANTS. All stock is kept under practically natural conditions. I have 60 acres Of land entirely devoted to my business. Canalso promptly furnish BUFFALOES, DEER, LLAMAS, RABBITS, etc. «+ Orders booked during summer. a I have for years filled practically all the large State Orders and have better : facilities for handling large orders than any other firm. : Write me before buying elsewhere—it will pay you to do so. Your visit solicited. am only 60 miles from New York and 30 miles from Philadelphia. WM. J. MACKENSEN SDenartment V. | YARDLEY, BUCKS COUNTY, PA. FOR SALE, a Tract of land ite : for a game park or preserve. . Contains 2500 acres, two lakes, trout ae streams, part cleared, balance wood- | land. Timber alone is worth the ene ptice asked for the land. : This tract is well suited foi Pgh Game Breeding Association or Shoot- ing Club. -It is located on the Dela- ware River, n not t far from Port Jervis. There are a iapeber of buildings “ suitable for Club purposes. me — We have other properties adapted NS ; for Game Breeding Associations and . | Shooting and Fishing Preserves. = {f For Rarleniace S cadre sia ai qi | i ot t The W. a. ae Reales a | | : Long Acre Building - — Fae be = PTT PPLE fl MR: hie ll [EDIE mumaiaCantas 10 ¢ B eo ea ee 54, be : : GAME BREE VOL. VII. . AUGUST, 1915 THE OBJECT OF THIS MAGAZINE IS TO MAKE: NORTH AMERICA THE BIGGEST GAME PRODUCING COUNTRY IN THE WORLD CONTENTS he bath ol " nd - Survey of the Field—Wild Fowl at Great Bend—Another Good Bulletin — Ruffed Grouse Breeding — Refuges— Pheasants and Ni VN Quail—No Trespassing—Setters and Pointers—A Fair Compro- mise—Mink and Muskrats—A War Dog—More Pheasants—More Mol Sy . 8 Hina (> lit i I} S yey atl ‘| Tuna—Conservation in Minnesota. q neil The Prairie Grouse - - - - - A West Virginia Game Preserve. ”.”? { Dato all. Planting Trout Fry - - - - - D. C. Beaman 4 | I Pheasant Breeding -.,-2-- - - - C. W. Macklin Eleven Important Wild Duck Foods - _— - W. L. McAtee “ttl dn Notes. from Game Farms and;Preserves. Df Notes from The State Game Departments. Editorials—" In Captivity” Nonsense—A Big Mistake—Quail and 3 the Audubon Society—Our Policy. erieliih’ Val \\) ll Outings and Innings—Trade Notes—Book Reviews, etc., etc. all mm eA \ a - = Ce ie A $7 ) =) THE GAME CONSERVATION SOCIETY, Inc. Fi EANe ‘Te Taras UERICUSERE EEE TERT REE EET peeereet Ns a : be = - IL There Is No Food Like SPRATT’S It is the purest form of meat obtainable. SPRATT’S CRISSEL takes the place of ants’ eggs and the natural insect food consumed by the birds in the free state, and for this reason is of great value to young and penned Pheasants. Game Foods Manufactured By Spratt’s Patent are: SPRATT’S PHEASANT MEAL No. 12 (For Pheasant, Partridge and Quail Chicks). SPRATT’S PHEASANT MEAL No. 5 (For Young Pheasants). SPRATT’S PHEASANT FOOD No. 3 (For Adult Birds). SPRATT’S MASCO) (The most nourishing food obtainable). SPRATT’S PRAIRIE MEAT “CRISSEL” (Takes the place of Ants’ Eggs and is a perfect substitute for insect life). SPRATT’S WILD DUCK MEAL (The best food for Ducklings). Sportsmen on hunting trips will do well not to forget to provide for the dog. Fifty or one hundred pounds of SPRATT’S DOG CAKES will take up little room and will furnish sufficient food in the most eco- nomical form, with the least possible expense for the entire trip. For dogs in the field where hard work is required, we manufacture a biscuit containing an extra large percentage of meat. Write for samples and send 2c stamp for ‘“‘ Dog Culture,’ containing valuable information regarding kennel management, rearing, etc. “Pheasant Culture” on receipt of 25c., “Poultry Culture” on receipt of 10c. SPRATT’S PATENT LIMITED (Factory and Chief Offices at NEWARK, N. J.) THE GAME BREEDER . ase The Time To Advertise Game Birds Is NOW There will be a big demand for stock birds and those who send in their adver- tisements early will get the most business. Ego advertising should begin not later than October to get the best results next spring. |} To THE GAME BREEDER, a 150 Nassau Street, New York. | | Please enter my name as a contributing member of The Game | Conservation Society and send me its publication, THE GAME | BREEDER, for one year. $1.00 enclosed. } i i | d . | N. B.—Write Name and Street Address plainly and state if you wish back numbers of the magazine to the first of the year. 130 THE GAME BREEDER Game Breeders’ Supplies WIRE - COOPS - TRAPS Wire For Deer Parks, Rearing Fields and Kennels Coops and Hatching Boxes Traps For Ground and Winged Vermin Egg Turners, Egg Boxes for Shipping - And all Appliances for Game Farms and Preserves I shall be pleased to correspond with game breeders who wish to purchase wire, coops, traps or any appli- ances for the game farm and preserve. Special advice given to all contemplating the game breeders’ industry. F. T. OAKES Room 622 150 Nassau Street New York, U.S. A. I do not sell live deer and game birds, or eggs In writing to advertisers please mention The Game Breeder or sign your letters: ‘‘Yours for More Game. THE GAME BREEDER 131 Our Wild Fowl and Waders A Practical Book on the Breeding of Wild Fowl for Sport and for Profit With Numerous Illustrations. Contains chapters on the Preservation of Snipe and Woodcock. Many readers of the Game Breeder have bred thousands of Wild Ducks by following the instructions in this book. DUCK BREEDING IS. PROFITABLE. PRICE, $1.50; Special Signed Edition, $2.00. THE GAME BREEDER, 150 Nassau Street, New York | Heating and Cooking Stoves for 1Clubs and Cottages |The? Camp Cook Stove This is an ideal cook stove for the Mining, Lumber and Military Camps; will work just as well in | the open air as indoors. Construction Companies working arge gangs of men will find this well suited to their requirements. IRONSIDES A FEW OF THE LEADING STOVES FURNISHED | Radnor Ranges Home Victor Hot Water Stoves Index Heating Stoves Our Friend Cook Stoves | Home Victor Ranges Farmer Girl Cook Solar Kent Heating Sentry Wood Stoves } Victor Cook Dobule Oven New H. A. Elm Double Heaters Stoves Home Victor Cellar Furnaces i Ranges Vulcan Double Heaters Prompt Ranges Home Cellar Furnaces ] Hotel Ranges Tropic Sun Heating Stoves Cozy Ranges Victor Cellar Furnaces | Royal Victor Ranges Haddon Hercules Heating Stoves Victor Cook Ranges Victor Solar Cellar Furnaces ‘} No. 10 Ironsides Cook Ormond Ranges Loyal Victor Ranges Farmer's Furnaces and Patrol Wood Stove No. 15 Hot Blast Heating Stoves Victor Hotel Ranges 'Cauldrons | No. go Ironsides Victor Gem Cook Elm Ranges Haddon Ranges Laundry Stoves Farmer Boy Cook Stoves Manufactured by S.V. REEVES, 45 N. 2nd St., Philadelphia, Pa. i In writing to advertisers please mention The Game Breeder or sign your letters: “Yours for More Game.” THE GAME BREEDER Sex =) en GRAND PRIX The Highest of Honors ‘“For MODERN Firearms and Ammunition’’ Awarded to Remppgion JURY of Experts, making their final decision AT THE PANAMA-PaciFIC INTERNA- TIONAL EXPOSITION, awarded the Grand Prix “‘For MODERN Firearms and Ammunition” to the Remington Arms- Union Metallic Cartridge Company in rec- ognition of the century of Progress evidenced in the up-to-the-minute Reming- ton-UMC products exhibited at the Big Fair—and found in the hands of alert Sportsmen the world over. There are awards and awards-the Panama- Pacific verdict is but one of a long line of similar honors that have come to Reming- ton-UMC from practically every country on the globe. BUT—the securest and most treasured of all Remin; honors is found in the place f which this Sign of Sports- men's Headquarters occupiesin fay the minds and hearts of the Sportsmen of the World. ‘The Game Breeder Published Monthly. Entered as second-class matter. July a, rors, at the Post Office, New York City, New York, under the Act of March 3, 1879. VOLUME VII AUGUST, 1915 NUMBER 5 Co) SURVEY OF Wild Fowl at Great Bend. The Great Bend, Kansas, Tribune con- tains some good suggestions about the restoration of wild fowl in Kansas. There was a time when the Great Bend country was the ercatest hunting ground and natural game preserve to be found any- where. * * * But where are the game birds and animals that made this valley a hunter’s paradise? You answer that they have ‘gone the way of the Indian and the buffalo. The Indian was given reservations in various parts of the United States and accorded pro- tection of the government and offered everv opportunity for his betterment. The butfalo has also received the protection of the law and efforts in various localities made to con- serve them by establishing ranches and pre- serves for their protection and propagation. But what of the wild fowl? Are they given any effective protection anywhere? Can they be prepagated here in the midst of modern civilization? The sportsmen and game men of Kansas and the Middle West say yes and call attention to the wild bird farm of George J. Klein to verify the statement. : Mr. Klein is a member of the Gam Conservation Society and has reared and sold thousands of wild fowl. The Great Bend Tribune evidently is a wide-awake and enterprising newspaper and the copy containing the story about Mr. Klein contains many good half-tones which il- lustrate not only Mr. Klein’s game farm but many other industries. We predict it will not be long before prairie grouse and quail are bred in large numbers and that the farmers and sportsmen will find these birds very profitable as they are in many places throughout America. The quail now more than pay all the taxes on hundreds of thousands of acres where they are properly looked after be- cause it pays to do so. Kansas should have a game breeder’s law similar to the laws in other States which have made game breeding profitable and the game _ abundant. THE FIELD. Another Good Bulletin. The American Game Protective Asso- ciation has issued another good bulletin which contains reports from a number of State game officers showing a good stock of pheasants. There is a story about the visit of Colonel Theodore Roosevelt to a Louisiana bird reservation which is illustrated by a picture of the Colonel examining a Royal Tern’s egg and a snapshot showing a flight of the birds which have been disturbed by their distinguished visitor. Page three is de- voted to an announcement indicating that the association proposes to help keep up the interest in game breeding “in cap- tivity.” We hope in time the association: will not be opposed to the activities of members of the Game Conservation So- ciety who prefer to breed their game wild in protected fields. Hundreds of thousands of quail are now bred in this way by readers of The Game Breeder, and they are better birds in our opinion for sport and for profit than any birds bred “in captivity.” The gray partridges abroad are reared most successfully wild in protected fields. Since the committee on breeding is made up of readers of The Game Breeder we will have a chance to talk to them from time to time and we have no doubt they will agree to abandon the “in captivity” idea which too often means disease, expense and failure when applied to certain species which are not easily hand-reared. Ruffed Grouse Breeding. The bulletin above referred to dis- cusses the desirability of ruffed grouse breeding and expresses the hope that this bird may be bred as the pheasants are. Grouse breeding abroad is highly suc- cessful, but the grouse are not handled 134 as the pheasants are, and we do not think they ever will be. They will be better birds if they are not. We know places in America where the grouse quickly have been made abundant in protected woods. It is well known to all game keepers that the removal of the checks to increase, which they term vermin, quickly will produce excellent results. We have been surprised recently at the results on a very small area. Another reader is conducting an experiment with the ruffed grouse on a large scale. His keepers are skillful and there can be no doubt about the result. For sporting purposes the wild bred birds are the best. We prefer them also.on the table. Refuges. The bulletin favors the increase in the number of refuges. As we have said we see no objection to this although we think there are enough posted farms to satisfy the demand for refuges. The country is big; we are not opposed to quiet refuges ; we have said we will favor them, but our preference is for the noisy refuge which produces a good head of game for sport every season. We are in favor, however, of anything and every- thing any one wants; all we ask is that if it is preventive it be kept off of the farms conducted by game breeders. “Keep the game laws off of the farm” is one of our favorite expressions—farms which have game for sport or for profit. Pheasants and Quails. The old problem of pheasants and ‘quail is discussed in the bulletin. A statement that the pheasants were driv- ing the quail from Rock Island (in the Mississippi) is discussed in a letter from Lieutenant-Colonel Geo. W. Burr, who says the quail have decreased in numbers on the island since the pheasants were introduced but this may have been due to trapping. He does not believe there is any real antagonism between the spe- cies. No Trespassing. We saw some years ago, in Ohio, a sign which read: “No Huntin and No Fotographin” on this farm. The spelling THE GAME BREEDER should suit the most ardent reformer. The number and variety of the no tres- “pass signs has increased rapidly in all of the States and it seemed that field sports were doomed until the “more game” movement began to put a little common sense in the law-books and a little life in our languishing sport. It seems ludicrous that any one should have imagined that sport could be perpetuated simply by licensing gunners to shoot up the farms without permission, under the assurance that “the State owns the game.” Setters and Pointers. We can remember the time when most of the dogs advertised were pointers and setters. pages in the New York Sunday papers and in the dog magazines now indicates that the number of setters and pointers advertised is small comparatively. Since grouse and quail shooting have been pro- hibited in some States and the tendency has been to prohibit sport everywhere it is not surprising that the demand for good sporting dogs has fallen off. Many — hundreds of dogs are now used on the game preserves where the restrictions ~ have been removed by game breeders’ enactments and we predict a big revival of setter and pointer breeding now that — field sports are to have a boom in America. A Fair Compromise. If the people of Canada can be shown | that wild duck-breeding on privately owned marshes can be made profitable { and that the markets can be supplied from such places possibly the market gunning on public waters might be ~ a time as a protection No back yard will) all” tem stopped for to the new industry. breeding 7 Sin) ‘captiviiya: markets with game or even save the marshes from being drained. If there is to be a compromise it should be a fair — one intended to encourage the clubs and individuals to look after the ducks nest- ing wild and to keep the markets full © : of them for at least six months every Any farm which has a marshy year. A glance at the dog advertising — THE GAME BREEDER pond of a few acres should produce a few hundred or a few thousand wild ducks by simply protecting the nesting fowl from ground and winged vermin. Reduce the checks to increase even slightly and the species quickly will in- crease in numbers to any amount. Of course breeding stock can be intro- duced to advantage in many places and there should be the most liberal provis- ions for trapping stock birds and for lifting eggs for purposes of propaga- tion. The eggs of canvas back ducks which might be gathered by the million from protected marshes will sell readily at $50 per hundred for some time to come. Let the people know that they can make a few hundred dollars a day by keeping the coyotes and the hawks from destroying the nesting fowl and their eggs and the people will gather and sell the eggs and see that many young fowl are reared for the markets. The ar- test of the breeder for having a stock bird in his possession has not produced the best results in the United States. Liberality should be the rule in Canada. Minks and Muskrats. A reader sending the following clip- ping wishes to.know if the State owns the minks and muskrats. Probably the breeder would answer as an Illinois deer breeder once did that, “This is a mis- p The State does not own my ani- mals.” _ J. E. Reeves & Co. have started what prom- ises to be one of the first muskrat and mink farms in Fond du Lac County. The plot se- lected is a tract of marsh land of thirteen acres in size and is situated between this city and North Fond du Lac on the east side of the Street car line and north of the Princeton tracks. Three workmen are now busily engaged in constructing a fence that will reach to the bottom of the marsh and is for the purpose of keeping the rats within the bounds. Accord- ing to a statement issued by J. E. Reeves it is the plan of the company to build a house next spring on the “farm” for the keeper. At Present there are 150 rat houses on the place inclosed, The present plans of the company are not to disturb any of the rats until the “farm” has been established about one and a half to two years. Mr. Reeves also stated that he had allowed trappers to trap rats on the marsh for the | 135 past fifteen years and had not demanded an indemnity. At present several signs bearing the inscription “no trespassing” have been placed at various conspicuous places. A Non-beneficial Hawk. Mr. Pringle in “Twenty Years’ Snipe Shooting,” says: “A snipe getting up behind me I took a long snap shot at it; it flew a little way and then towered, dying in the air about 100 ft. high, and as he was falling dead, a hawk swooped down and caught him in the air about 50 ft. from the ground and carried him - Oleg, A War Dog. An English correspondent of the New York Herald says: _ British prejudice against Germany has been turned even against the kind of dog that bears “the unfortunate name of dachshund,’ com- plains a writer in the Daily Mail, who says: “May I protest against the cruel and sense- less manner in which some people are treating the unfortunate turnspit dogs because these poor dumb friends have been called by the German name of dachshund. These dogs, al- though very popular in Germany, are our old English turnspits, used in bygone days to turn, by means of a wheel, the roasting jack in the same way as the donkey at Carisbrooke Castle draws water from the well. On account of their name these poor dogs are now being treated not as enemy aliens to whom we are unpatriotically lenient, but most unjustly.” Private Fish Culture. The Sportsmen’s Review prints the following about fish farming. It will not be long, we hope, before this good old magazine opens its pages to items about the game breeders’ industry. It should remember that “more game” means more shooting and more shooting means more shooting dogs—more advertisements of course. A new method of livelihood, as well as a new method of living, is afforded by fish farm- ing, which is a rapidly growing industry. It may be a lazy man’s job, but for development beyond an addition to the family living, of course, it takes time and attention. A running stream or an acre of land can be made to earn more money than a well-tilled five-acre farm, says the People’s Magazine. The national gov- ernment, as well as many states, through their fish commissions, not only give free instruc- tions in fish farming, but will also supply the young fish or eggs most likely to thrive best in the locality. But best of all, perhaps, is the recognition that farmers all over the country 136 are coming to, that a private fish pond is a splendid source of food supply. long time ago when such a thing had not been thought of. Now generally there is a com- prehension that such a private pond costs little _ to maintain, and is almost sure to furnish far more fish than any one family can eat. The demand for fish adapted to this kind of pond culture is greater than the supply, and farmers enterprising enough to have ponds have no difficulty in selling the product. Many farmers sell eggs as well as fish to other farmers and to the government of state and nation. Private fishing clubs are a great aid in the same way. Fish can be shipped anywhere if they are kept cool and moist, and this makes it easy to find a market almost boundless in extent. But fish, of course, are subject to diseases that at times . cause large losses, and the official fish service is at work constantly finding out these diseases and their remedies. Most of these diseases, it is said, come through impure water caused by contaminated streams. If the water is kept pure, the fish farmer has little cause for worry as to his “crop.” More Pheasants. We wish to inform The Sportsmen’s Review, Cincinnati, Ohio, that Ohio is to have “more pheasants.” This is offi- cial. The license to breed the birds and to shoot, sell and eat costs only 50 cents and a capable state game officer will supervise the new industry. Our read- ers are sending thousands of eggs and pheasants into Ohio and we predict the Parker gun and the Remington guns and ammunition will be used extensively in that State—now that a limited amount — of sport will be provided. The prohibi- tion of sport in Ohio touched us keenly since the State used to be a good shoot- ing ground, one of the best in the world. More Tuna. The Sportsmen’s Review says: In California the tuna industry has grown to such proportions that at the present time it is one of the largest among commercial fisheries. : The tuna industry has grown until now it is the largest of our commercial fisheries. During the past season, the canners of south- ern California put up 3,500 cases, which were worth, wholesale, about $1,000,000. The weight of the fish required for this number of cases was 25,000,000 pounds, or more than double the total. weight of salmon taken in the state. Besides this, 1,000,000 pounds. were salted, dried or fresh. The long-finned tuna, the only variety canned, is a fish of wide distribution, and spawns in the tropical waters of Mexico. It was not © THE GAME BREEDER It comes north in countless numbers, following the schools of sardines upon which it feeds. It is not believed that the present large take of. tuna will seriously reduce the supply. At least, no action is contemplated to restrict fishing, as no young or spawning fish are taken in the — state waters. Conservation in Minnesota. Fins, Feathers_and Fur, the official bulletin of the Minnesota Game and Fish Commission, well says that the compli- cated and more or less stringent laws have failed to save or stay to any great extent the sure and steady diminution of the game for the reason that adequate machinery for the carrying of the laws ~ into effect has not been provided. Laws ~| alone never have and never will save the game from extermination. A compre- hensive, honest and intelligent system of enforcement is as essential as the laws © | themselves. set up the stringent safeguards. We read in a Maine report long ago that the entire State militia would be in- adequate to properly save the game. This — is quite true everywhere. The trouble is, as we have often pointed out, that the shooting of only two or three birds in a season by a big army of sportsmen is entirely too much because it is an ex- ~ traordinary destruction and tends to de- stroy the stock birds left by vermin. The game never vanishes in places where the shooting is heavy provided it is properly looked after and protected from its nat- ural enemies. We have seen thousands of birds shot on a few hundred acres year after year without any danger of extinction because vermin did not get much game and the sportsmen left some for breeding stock. It requires persistent daily effort to keep the game sufficiently plentiful to warrant any shooting. Sportsmen willing to make such effort should be encouraged to do so. Subscribe for The Game Breeder. Our slogan is “More Game and Fewer Game Laws.” a Advertisements in The Game Breeder produce results. Minnesota, we are told, | was one of the earliest of the States to THE GAME BREEDER 137 : THE PRAIRIE GROUSE. Third Paper. By Dwicut W. HuntTIncon. In my article last month I referred to the competition between the farmers _ and the town sportsmen in places where any prairie grouse occur. One of our ‘readers has invited my attention to an- other competition between the local gun- ners and those who come from the cities to pursue these most excellent game birds. This reminded me of a shoot- ing trip which I once made to Northern Indiana. The prairie chickens were re- ported to be plentiful and I was invited to join a small shooting party of four guns, one of the number having ar- ranged, with a farmer who owned a large farm, to entertain us. __ We made our plans to arrive on the ground the day before the shooting sea- son opened and we were met at the sta- tion by the farmer, who expressed his regrets that we did not come a week earlier, The shooting’ had been very lively he said and he found most of the birds had been shot. He was not a sportsman, but said he would go out with us and show us the ground and his neighbors would give us permission to shoot. . The following morning we took the field with four excellent dogs, my own brace being the best dogs I ever owned. On the farm owned by our host we found one grouse which flushed wild but which I fortunately stopped by a snap shot, and during the day, tramping over many miles of excellent grouse country we flushed several sadly de- pleted covies and a few single birds, the bag for the day being seven birds. Dur- ing the week we explored the county for miles about, having a wagon at our disposal to move from one likely ground to another, but the birds evidently had been shot out and we seldom found more than four or five associated, and the bag for four guns, if my memory serves me, did not average a half dozen birds per diem. i The ground we shot over easily should yield a few hundred birds per diem to a party as well equipped as we were, but, no doubt, there are few if any grouse on it today. Many of the fields had been made uninhabitable for grouse by reason of the destruction of their natural foods and covers. No attempts were made to protect the game from its natural enemies and the competi- tion between the gunners of course re- sulted in the destruction of the stock birds which were left after vermin had freely dined. Not a bird should be shot on such grounds, if we would expect to see the game perpetuated, until some of the natural covers and foods are re- stored and until the game is protected from. its natural enemies in, order to make a place for the shooting. It is very evident why the shooting of prairie grouse has been ended on vast areas and it is evident that the laws prohibit- ing shooting at all times are necessary and will remain so until the grouse are properly looked after and multiplied by game breeders for sport and for profit. Those who wish to restore the grouse and to make and keep them plentiful should be encouraged to do so. The grounds must be made attractive and the natural foods and covers must be re- stored. Since the valuable bulletin by Dr. Judd, to which I have referred, is out of print I shall reprint a good part of it in order that those who under- take grouse breeding, in the states where such industry now is legal, may know what natural foods the grouse require. The papers on the food habits of the grouse will be followed by a paper on grouse enemies and a paper on how an inexpensive grouse club easily can have splendid shooting on grounds where few, if any, grouse occur, and where there will be no shooting until prac- tical game breeding “and preserving is undertaken. 138 THE GAME BREEDER A WEST VIRGINIA GAME PRESERVE. {Mr. J. A. Viquesney, who sent us the following account of the big game reserve for West Virginia, is the state forest, fish and game warden for that state. He is one of the most capable state game officers and is fully aware that private industry must be encouraged and not prevented by legislation.—Editor. ] Wilderness embracing over 50,000 acres in the counties of Pocahontas and Randolph is to be converted into the greatest game preserve in the United States. A deal has been closed by which J. A. Viquesney, State Forest, Fish and Game Warden of Belington, and H. M. Lockridge, of Huntersville, president and vice-president, respectively, of the Allegheny Sportsman’s Association, have purchased from Colonel William Sey- mour Edwards of Coalburgh and Char- leston, a lease on this tract which will extend over a period of thirty years. Colonel Edwards was the founder of the Cheat Mountain Club, the purpose of which was to make the wilderness a private preserve with its products en- joyed by the club membership. He en- listed a large number of persons in this movement, but because of failing health was unable to continue to carry out his original project, although he has estab- lished a mammoth fish hatchery on the property and made many other expen-. sive improvements. The property under lease is that of the West Virginia Pulp and Paper Co. It was purchased in 1899 from the Dewings, pioneer purchasers of Kalama- zoo, Mich. The price paid was $585,000. The timber wanted by the company has all been cut and no further effort will be made to remove timber from the tract until a new grewth has grown sufficient- ly. In the meantime the property will _ be the habitat of wild game, of which bears, deer and turkeys now abound. This game will be given protection out of seasons and will be made to afford sport for the lessees and their friends in certain seasons. When Colonel Edwards first ob- tained the lease, he associated with him prominent men from all over the coun- try. The late Senator Steven B. Elkins of West Virginia was one of those who saw in the movement the carrying out of - a plan he had himself long had in mind. . Pennsylvanians interested in the old club formed by Colonel Edwards in- cluded E. J. Allen;-H. JS) Baileyajeeue Bell, the Mellons and other prominent Pittsburghers; H. S. Brunot, of Greens- burg; C. C. Chalfant, Eta ipaiiemes Daly, Gibsonton, and many others. Among the New Yorkers interested are W. Hartley, of Ilion; F. S. Caldwell, George Innes, Jr., Charles M. Pratt, H. Phipps, Jr., of New York City. The Ohioans included D. J. Sinclair and C. H. Steele of Steubenville; Henry H. and John T. Stambaugh of Youngs- town; R, Bentley, Lowellville; J. G Battelle, Columbus. The West Virginians included John T. McGraw, Grafton; Henry G. Davis, Elkins; J. J. Holloway and R. C. Dal- zell, Wheeling; W. G. Brown, King- wood. T. Wallis Blackistone, of Baltimore; W. R. Gorby of Detroit; Harold Pierce of Philadelphia; Alex Reynolds, San Diego, Cal.; J. S. Schoonmaker, Plain- field, N. J., were among the others. This mammoth preserve commences at the very top of the Cheat mountain range on the west and takes in the Val- ley of Shaver, a fork of the Cheat River, across to the summit of the back Alle- ghenies or Shavers Mountains, as they are commonly called, on the east. On the northwest it is bounded by what is known as the old Fish Hawk trail, and continues up the Cheat River a distance of nearly fifty miles to Elk Mountain. It has long been known as a hunting and fishing grounds and is so marked and denominated in Bradley’s Atlas of the World. The Cheat River flows through this preserve a distance of about fifty miles, while the Greenbrier River on the east THE GAME BREEDER side of Shaver’s Mountain flows souths. These rivers, with their various tribu- taries, furnish this preserve with over 200 miles of trout fishing, while the mountains abound in black bear, deer, turkeys, grouse and various small game. The Parkersburg and Staunton turn- pike runs from east to west through the property and this is designated as the automobile route, east and west, by the Blue Book for this year. There is already a main mammoth club house on the preserve. It is one of the most picturesque buildings in West Virginia. It is constructed of cherry and pine logs. It is forty by sixty feet and two and one-half stories in height. The house is finished inside with cherry and pine, and has several baths of various kinds. It has a comfortable capacity for thirty or forty guests. Other lodges are maintained throughout the preserve for the accommodation of the hunters who get far away from the main quarters. A huge chimney sets off this structure. It is made of cut stone and itself cost $2,000. The streams are restored with fish very year. Trout in this territory are more numerous than any place else in this part of the world. Colonel Edwards tells of having caught many trout from his horse as he traveled through the mountains in former years by his old 139 friend, the late Colonel A. H. Winches- ter. The elevations of the preserve range from 2,000 to 4,440 feet. That at the main club house is 3,450 feet. It was the high elevation and the natural adaptability of the preserve that induced Colonel Edwards to start the movement to make it a giant venture, and the same inducements led Mr. Vi- quesney and Mr. Lockridge to take the land from his hands and agree to carry out the plans that were originated by him. The purchasers are not only the principal officers, but the most active members of the Allegheny Sportsman’s Association. It is their intention to lay off 10,000 acres of the land as a game sanctuary or refuge to be bountifully stocked with deer and other kinds of game. An addition will be built to the main club house and new lodges will be built. The preserve will not only be ar- ranged for accommodation of West Vir- ginians who enjoy hunting and fishing, but will be made sufficiently attractive to enlist those of similar inclinations from all over the country. For the next thirty years or more West Virginia will have what no other State has, a well- protected game preserve, second in size to none, and equaled in but few partic- ulars by any. PLANTING TROUT FRY. By D. C. BEAMAN. Lack of success sometimes attends ef- forts at trout propagation. This comes generally from improper handling and injudicious planting. I have been for the last 15 years engaged in the cultiva- tion of trout in Colorado waters, and be- lieve that trout fry can be shipped al- most any distance under proper care, and when judiciously planted will nearly all live. The things that lessen the vital- ity of the trout are careless handling in transit, being planted in water either much colder or warmer than that in the cans, and, where there is deep water, too much current and no shade. If the following suggestions are heeded there should be but little loss. 1. In case the distance from station to place of planting is more than one mile, or there is likely to be delay in transit, ice should be provided and placed in the cans in small quantities from time to time as required to keep the temperature of the water about the same as when received. In case the water where they are to be planted is known to be warmer than that in the cans, the latter may be allowed to slowly warm up while en 140 route from the station, but the cans should be protected from the sun. _2. If the temperature of the water is kept substantially as when received, and the wagon kept moving, the fry will require nothing more while in transit, but if a stop exceeding ten minutes is made the attendant (having provided himself with a dipper) should every few minutes dip water from the cans and pour it back into the cans, from a height of one foot, to thoroughly re-aerate the water. This is better than to change the water and substitute some water pos- sibly unsuitable for fish life. 3. At time of planting there should be not more than three degrees differ- ence in the temperature of the water in the cans and that in which the fry are planted. This equalization can be ac- complished by dipping up the water from the stream or lake in which it is THE GAME BREEDER proposed to plant them, and pouring it into the cans, until the temperature is about the same in both, as the water being poured into the cans, and permit-_ ted to run over for a few minutes, will practically substitute the stream or lake water for that in the cans, and do it so gradually that the trout will feel no ill effects. A thermometer is desirable, but not necessary as the equalization can be tested by the hand. 4. In planting, pour out the fry and water from the cans gently, and not too near together, and if possible in small channels or bayous of gently running water, where there is grass and willows, as the fry will there be in less danger from larger fish, get feed and shade and stay until they have strength to tackle the current in the main stream ; otherwise plant in shallow places near the shore where there is shade. ELEVEN IMPORTANT WILD DUCK FOODS. Third Paper. By W. L. McATEE. is [This valuable paper about the natural food of wild ducks is printed from a bulletin issued by the Bureau of Biological Survey, United States Department of Agriculture.] THALIA. Value as Duck Food. The writer's only experience with thalia (species divaricata) as a wild-duck food was on St. Vincent Island, Florida. Here a slough filled with a tall growth of these elegant plants was a favorite resort of ducks, especially mallards, which could always be flushed from this place. However, at the time of the writer’s visit only one bird was obtained and its stomach contained a few thalia seeds. Another mallard collected at a later date in the same place, by the late Dr. R. V. Pierce, had fed almost exclu- sively on these large seeds, and its gullet and gizzard were well filled by 144 entire seeds and fragments of others. The evidence is sufficient to show that thalia has great possibilities as a wild- duck food. The seeds are large and nutritious and are borne in great abund- ance. They ripen in July and August and are available to ducks throughout Bi ‘F ia 5—Thalia divaricata. the winter, if the water is not frozen over. . A single plant of Thalia divaricata is THE GAME BREEDER a stout, one-leaved stalk from 4 to 15 feet in height, rising froma large tuber- like root, and the stems are usually clus- tered (Fig. 5). The leaf is much like that of canna, is stalked, and may meas- ure 5 inches wide and 15 inches long. Fig. 6—Seeds of Thalia. : The top of the stalk divides and subdi- vides into a large fruiting head which may bear from 200 to 300 seeds. The ultimate branches of the fruiting head are strongly zigzag. The flowers and seeds are borne. in husks, each of which is formed by two purplish bracts, one much larger than the other. The oblong seeds (Fig. 6) are plump and vary in length up to three-eighths of an inch. Fig. 7—Leaves and fruit of water elm. They have thin, closely fitting individ- ual husks, are slightly curved, and bear numerous longitudinal rows of small ir- regular elevations which are lighter in color than the rest of the surface. -lina and Missouri. 141 Distribution. Thalia divaricata is native from Flor- ida to southern Arkansas and Texas and southward into Mexico, and doubtless it will thrive as far north as South Caro- Two other species (T. dealbata and T. barbata) occur in the region from South Carolina and Mis- souri south to Florida and Texas. Their value as duck food is unknown. Propagation. Thalia can be propagated from either seeds or rootstocks. The seeds have a thick shell and the rootstocks are mas- Fig. 8—Seedlings of water elm. sive, so that neither should be injured if transported with ordinary precautions. Thalia occurs in greatest, abundance in muddy sloughs, but it will grow in open water from 2 to 3 feet deep. If planted directly into open water, rootstocks should be used. Seeds should either be placed in shallow water or sprouted in a protected place and the young plants set out after they have attained some size. WaTER ELM. Value as Duck Food. That trees should produce food for wild ducks is at first thought surprising but many do, as oaks, thorns, hollies, ashes, hackberries, and others; none is of more value for this purpose, how- ever, than the water elm. The most common.wild duck in cen- tral Louisiana is the mallard; in fact it outnumbers all other species combined. 142 Foods important to it, therefore, are the important duck-foods of the region. One hundred and seventy-one mallards col- lected in the vicinity of Mansura and Marksville, during October, November and December, had fed on the seeds of water elm to the extent of 45.5 per cent. of their total subsistence. The largest mumber of seeds taken by a single duck THE GAME BREEDER on the margins of sluggish streams. Normally it grows in water which is permanently 2 to 3 feet deep, but it sur- _vives prolonged inundation of much greater depth. The tree seldom exceeds 40 feet in height and 20 inches in diam- eter, and usually is much smaller. The bark is much like that of the hop hornbeam or ironwood, and the leaves Fig. 9—Range of water elm. was upward of 200. These tightly filled the whole gullet and gizzard. Other species of ducks seem to be fond of the seeds, judging from smaller numbers examined from this region. These include the black duck and the ringneck. Water-elm seeds are eaten by Arkansas mallards also. Description of Plant. The water elm thrives in swamps and (Fig. 7), while obviously similar to those of our other elms, are smaller and have blunter marginal serrations. The water elm flowers very early, from February to April, and the fruit usually ripens and falls in a month or six weeks, but occasionally is found on the trees as late as August. The ex- treme length of a single specimen of the fruit is about a third of an inch. It con- THE GAME BREEDER sists of a plump seed with a shiny blue- black coating, inclosed in a burrlike hull (Fig. 7) which is ridged and provided with numerous fleshy projections. The fruits, which are very numerous, drop into the water immediately upon or even hefore ripening. Seedlings (Fig. 8) come up by the thousand in midsummer and young plants in all stages of growth are abundant, proving that, for increase, seed is the main dependence of the tree. The water elm is also known (in books) as planer tree, and among the French-speaking people of Louisiana as chataignier and charmille. Distribution. The range (Fig. 9) of the water elm (Planera aquatica) extends from the lower Wabash Valley in Indiana to the river bottoms of eastern Texas, and from western Tennessee and southeast- ern North Carolina to Florida. Propagation. Seeds of the water elm do not seem to be ripe at the time they usually fall; the real ripening probably occurs as they lie in the water beneath the parent tree. Fig. ro—Leaves of swamp privet. While it is difficult, therefore, to collect seeds in proper condition for planting, young plants of water elm abound and if carefully lifted and packed should stand shipment well. Great care must be taken to prevent the roots from dry- ing. They should be embedded in balls 148 of earth and sewed up in burlap. Trans- portation should be as rapid as possible and the young trees should be set out or heeled in immediately upon receipt. Transplanting should be done when the trees are leafless. SWAMP PRIVET. Value as Duck Food. The swamp privet is included princi- pally on account of the testimony of Fiz. 11—Seedlings of swamp privet. numerous hunters as to its usefulness. Wood ducks in particular are said to feed extensively upon its seeds. Weeks before other species of ducks arrive these birds are abundant in the country where swamp privot grows and are said to con- sume most of the crop of seeds, leaving little for other ducks. The seeds have been found in numerous mallard stom- achs, but in quantity in only one. Description of Plant. Swamp privet (Forestiera acuminata) or bois blanc, found in the same kinds of localities as the water elm, is a smooth-barked shrub (sometimes a small tree) usually with drooping stems, which frequently take root at the tip. The smooth, light-green leaves (Fig. 10) are opposite, oval, taper-pointed at both ends, and with rounded serrations which are more prominent on the apical half. The fruit of swamp privet is a blue watery berry from, one-half to three-fourths of an inch in length. Greatly subject to insect attack, it is usually distorted. The 144 THE GAME pit is nearly as long as the berry, pointed at both ends, and has numerous length- wise, fibrous ridges. The seed within is white and smooth. The flowers, borne ~ in clusters, bloom in March and April, and the fruit is ripe in May and June. As is the case with seeds of the water elm, those of the swamp privet may re- main under water for a long period with- out apparent deterioration. Probably most of the seeds are exposed by the annual lowering of the water level and germinate the summer they are produced (see Fig. 11). Whether those which fall in deeper water ever germinate is unknown, but it is certain, so far as utility as duck food is concerned, that they keep in perfect condition far into the succeeding spring. BREEDER Swamp privet is native from central. Illinois and Tennessee, near Nashville, south to Texas and Florida (see Fig. We); Propagation. Fruits of swamp privet fully ripen upon the tree. The seeds, being pro- tected by a fibrous cover and the pulp of the berry, undoubtedly will stand shipment for ordinary distances. Prompt handling is advisable, however, and the usual precautions against fermentation should be taken. The seeds should be sown in well-watered beds and the young plants grown to some size before setting out. Collected young plans and the off- shoots produced by the rooting of the tips of branches of older ones may be handled like those of the water elm. Rg tg PHEASANT By C. W. It is needless: to say I was very much interested in The Game Breeder for the very objects of The Game Conservation Society are such as appeal to me, and they should to every other game breeder and sportsman in the United States and Canada. “1° wrote Mr.” John’ Talbot, . pointing out the need of just such an organization, also an official organ or publication such as The Game Breeder promises to so admirably fill before I knew such a paper and society were an accomplished fact. My thanks go to Mr. Talbot for bringing my name before you. I have been exceptionally busy of late attending the many pressing duties of this season or you would have heard from me promptly. I have been work- ing in a quiet way with you. From this date I intend to give more time and energy to the achievement of our com- mon interests. Perhaps a little of my experience as a pheasant. breeder would be of interest to you. From the first time I saw a pheasant I was an admirer. However, I was told they could not be raised successfully here, the young be- ing so delicate, or that only an expert could hope to raise any and he only a 1 BREEDING. MACKLIN. : very few. Fearing I had not the quali- fications of an expert, and having a dis- like for failure I was tardy about buying. A few years since a breeder offered me a pair (cheap) ; I purchased. When the birds arrived here and I liberated them I soon concluded they were dear at any price. The female lived one month. The cock joined her in the happy hunting grounds two weeks later. The next pair I purchased from an- other party at. regular prices. The hen commenced laying early in April, laying in all 26 eggs. from the roost and broke, another got frozen, one was crushed in hatching. The other 23 hatched, all strong, cute little birds. The first six hatched died in less than two weeks. soon be through the shell caused me to do some thinking along common sense lines. The result was I reared the en- tire seventeen that followed later.. Find- ing a great pleasure in those birds, also a ready sale, as they were ornamental, I felt encouraged to try my hand with other varieties. I found also that patrons I had supplied with stock were One egg was dropped — Knowing that others would — THE GAME of the same mind. Two years ago I had such a demand that I was sold short of breeding stock before I was aware of it, causing me to import a number of birds to replenish. Up to this time I had only attempted to raise a few, neither had I read a work on pheasants, preferring to study it out by close observation of their nature and the results of different kinds of food and pens, etc. A gentleman from Pennsylvania came over to see my pheasantry last June. As I showed him the different systems of management, from the first pen to the more elaborate and much enlarged system used at present, and as he watched me prepare food and noticed how the healthy young poults eagerly devoured it. “Delighted,” he exclaimed, “this is the best trip of my life.” What pheasant books have you read, he asked. I told him I had none. Well, he said, I have read everything I could get hold of; I have visited many of the pheasantries, but say, you have them beat. He has become a customer since and a good friend. From the stock I had last season I expected to rear about 200 birds but they hatched out well and were as hardy as nails and I reared over 450. This I did as a side line, in addition to general farm work on 250 acres, with only the assistance of one man and my son, age 13 years, and, sir, I reasonably conclude, were I to give my entire attention to this work I could raise pheasants by the thousand. What can be done here can | be done most anywhere, as I have no natural advantages of location. I have raised the young of many varieties. I find very little difference in results obtained from young hatched, some varieties requiring more seclusion or warmth or shade or more meat in rations. All require just a little study on the part of the attendant. But, sir, in considering rearing pheasants on a large scale I find myself seriously handicapped in marketing. While there is a demand for ornamental varieties, for various purposes the covert species or commoner varieties are used more especially for BREEDER 145 shooting and supplying our tables with the most dainty game meat. That these cannot be sold as food I find the greatest grievance. The unreasonableness of our present game laws are most apparent. Naturalists agree that in their wild state pheasants reproduce more males than females and a number of males are never selected by the females. The extra cocks either are killed off by those selected or live solitary lives. In their somewhat demoralized con- dition in a state of captivity I find this the case. Again one cock will mate with from one to a dozen or more hens. What is to be done with the extra cocks? I have yet to learn that I can legally kill one of those birds and reduce it to food. I am sure I cannot offer it to another. I wish to be law-abiding but I' am up against it right now. In trying to solve this proposition I liberated some. I find while I cannot shoot, others do. Neither can I afford nor have I the inclination to go to the great ex- pense: of importing birds, putting up equipment simply in order to turn them a for some sneak of a pot hunter to ill. Sir, I would suggest. the laws should be so framed as to foster and develop the highest type of manhood. As it is, the tendency is to demoralize. Laws should encourage and protect industries that are for the betterment of mankind making the way for their maintenance easier. We hear of the high cost of meats. Would not the hundreds and thousands of pheasants help in that di- rection? Were the markets open on this continent for the sale of such foods it would be a great boon to an industry filled with. promise. I am frequently asked by those pro- posing to engage in pheasant breeding, what is the price of pheasant meat on the open market. When I have to acknowledge that it is against the law to offer the food the answer is, ‘What good are they,’ or “How do you dis- pose of surplus stock?” All say the law is wrong if it will not allow a man to dispose of his own pheasants the same as he can chickens or turkeys. Well, I am with you for “more game 146 and fewer game laws” and I feel con- fident that by a united, earnest effort of THE GAME BREEDER all concerned we shall finally accomplish our desired object. NOTES FROM THE GAME FARMS AND PRESERVES. A Deer Trouble. One of our Iowa readers says: “I would be pleased to have you give me some information how to keep and feed deer so they will live and keep thrifty. I have some of the North American white-tailed deer. They will start to get thin and keep falling away and then finally die. If there is anything that can be done to avoid this I would like to know it.” The trouble may be due to the lack of proper foods. We have written for full particulars about the ground, the food, the water, etc., and we hope then to make some suggestions and that many of our successful deer breeders will also give their opinions as to the cause of the trouble. Blasting Doesn’t Harm the Chickens. “During the past year I have been very much interested in the use of dyna- mite and have taken to using it for vari- ous purposes on our little three acre place in the suburbs of Belvidere. _“T recently had an experience that I thought might interest you. Five feet from my poultry house I decided to put in a gate post so as usual I put in my bar about 18 inches loaded up with one- half regular sized stick, retired to a safe distance to see her go up, when I re- membered I had three hens setting inside the wall where I was about to shoot. The explosion was heavier than usual as it was in gravelly soil and threw dirt and stones in all directions. “The hens had set for 10 days and were covering 44 fertile eggs (Rhode Island Reds) having already been tested out. Contrary to the predictions of my neighbors, I to-day had 41 first-class healthy chicks hatched out which I think settles the theory that dynamite kills germs in eggs (or rather does not). The hens were setting on a platform 12 inches above ground, l-inch boards in back of coop on a 6-inch concrete foun- dation and the shot about 4% feet from the wall. “Yours very truly, “Won. E. ANDERSON.” Note. In spite of Mr. Anderson’s experience we advise against blasting near eggs intended for hatching or which have been set on for only a day or two. Eggs set on for 10 days contain a live foetus which would survive a shock that might kill the life-germ of an unhatched ege.—Du Pont Magazine. Use of “Black Oil.” Some one asked about painting chicken houses with “black oil” for roup. We use black oil by the barrel; it is a very cheap oil, used among other things to lubricate certain parts of en- gines, and other machinery. It is black, dirty-looking and very greasy. You know some oils seem more greasy than others. It is made from petroleum, in fact is the residue after some of the lighter oils have been taken out. Prob- ably it is the cheapest oil on the market, except the “crude,” wholesale worth probably four cents a gallon, and obtain- able from any mill supply house. What is it good for? As a poultry- house paint, to keep out mites and lice, I doubt if there is anything better, it being greasy and staying that way. You can neither paint nor whitewash over it. I should judge it was a good _disinfect- ant, doubtless retaining a little phenol, but for use as a preventive of disease, I would put no faith in it, though it is harmless. I have cured several pet dogs of the mange by rubbing them with black oil, then shutting them up where they could not come in contact with civiliza- tion for a few days. It has a very sooth- ing effect. For several years ago I had THE GAME BREEDER a little fox terrier who had the mange. He scratched and scratched one night until it got on my nerves, so I took the bottle of black oil and gave him a soak- ing on the mangy places. In about 15 minutes the scratching stopped, the dog evidently went to sleep, and in a few days he was cured of scratching, and in a couple of weeks the mange was gone and new hair growing. I have tried all kinds of mange dope, but now use black oil, as it has proved a positive cure. I just soak it in without washing the place, and it seems to be absorbed by the scabs and held on until they drop off. I have never used it internally,- except on chicken houses, and it did not hurt them. I doubt if it is any good whatever for the interior decoration of animals.— M. A. P.—Rural New Yorker. Mast a Valuable Game Food. Acorns, beech nuts and other nuts are valuable foods for game, both deer and birds. In Germany we are, told that acorns can be purchased by the car load and having had a number of requests for acorns we endeavored to ascertain if they could be purchased to advantage in America. A large dealer in seeds reported that he could only procure acorns at a price which would make this food dearer than corn. It would seem that in places where oaks are abundant acorns should be gathered cheaply and that they should be marketed as a game food. It is well known that the flesh of all animals is affected by the food they eat. The mal- lards we used to shoot on the Kankakee and other western rivers were excellent food because the birds fed on acorns and wild rice. The mallards in Cali- fornia often are said to be compara- tively poor birds for the table because in many localities they do not get the best foods. Mallard reared in captivity and fed only on corn should be no more valuable as food than any barnyard ducks. We should aim to supply the natural foods on our game farms and preserves. 147 Notes From the State Game Depart- ments. Hon. Walter B. Fraser, State Game and Fish Commissioner of Colorado, says in his last report: Both the bob white, and Gambel’s partridge, the so-called crested quail, are protected under our laws, and I am pleased to state that these valuable in- sect-destroyers are fast multiplying and, in practically every locality, receive the protection merited. Leading agricultural specialists of the United States agree that the quail ren- der the farmers and fruit-growers of our country services which in actual value run into millions of dollars annu- ally. One authority states that each quail is worth five dollars per year to the farmer. Government reports are my authority for the statement that “the American sparrow family saved the sum of $89,- 260,000 to the farmers in 1910 in con- suming weed seed, and that one-half of the daily food of the quail consists of undesirable weed seeds.” I have recently issued several permits to responsible parties residing in locali- ties adapted to quail. and where there are but a few, authorizing them to ar- range for the trapping of such birds, in numbers of from two to five dozen, the trapping to be conducted in locali- ties where the quail are plentiful, with the express understanding that the birds are to be shipped and liberated in new districts. It is the intention of the department to assist our citizens, who will guaran- tee protection to the birds, in securing a proper number for liberation, where feed is plentiful, and where the winters are not too severe. For several years the quail have been increasing rapidly upon the western slope, especially in the fruit-growing sec- tions of Mesa, Delta, Montrose, and Fre- mont Counties, and it is reported that large numbers are to be found in the Arkansas and Platte valleys on the east- ern slope. ; Inasmuch as the value of these birds 148 is admitted, it is most assuredly the solemn duty of our people to resist the killing of quail, and, in so doing, con- serve this valuable asset. [We regard it as the “solemn duty” of the Colorado people to restore quail on toast. Let them know that quail breeding is a very profit- able industry and they will get busy, no doubt.—Editor.] OUR SHORE BIRDS AND THEIR FUTURE. The United States Department of Agirculture has issued a pamphlet, under the above title, which deals with the habits and migration of this interesting class of birds. Their decrease in num- bers is deplored and measures are pro- posed to prevent a still further loss. It might not be a bad plan, in addi- tion to the restrictions proposed, to make every life saving station a shore bird refuge, setting aside a few hun- dred feet or a few miles of shore and marsh about such stations as refuges, where the birds would be safe from persecution. tion lies in the fact that the life saving stations all are inhabited by capable na- tional servants who could easily give the birds some practical protection. We would be in favor of giving the guards some extra pay for this service. At present members of life saving crews undoubtedly take a crack at the shore birds and wild fowl when they come within range, and it is greatly to the credit of those who: like to shoot that they can supply desirable food for the table. We would not deprive them of shooting during a long open season but would suggest that they shoot a short distance away from any refuges that may be established and, as we have said, that they be compensated for look- ing after the birds seeking a rest near the stations. Shore birds might also be given a rest on small reservations about the lighthouses. One trouble with most laws, national and state, is that they cannot be executed. The area is too big for the force. A life saving crew always on the ground might protect many birds on many small areas. The story about the shore birds was The merit in this sugges- THE GAME BREEDER written by Wells W. Cooke, one of the most capable assistant biologists of the Bureau. of Biological Survey. It is printed as a Year Book separate, No. 642, U.S. Dep iter OUTINGS AND INNINGS. A Kentucky Circulation. A country editor wrote to a catalogue house for some advertising. They re- plied that they would be glad to use his — space but would like to know what ter- ritory his paper covered, whereupon he told them: “This paper goes from New York to San Francisco, from Canada to the Gulf, and it keeps me working until 2 o'clock in the morning to keep it from going to hell.”—From Outlook. © Minister Got Even. The minister was delivering his fare- well sermon. He had been having tough luck in collecting his salary and concluded to quit. Here is what he said: . . “Now, brethren, I have been appoint- ed chaplain of the penitentiary of the State, and this will be my last Sunday among you. I will preach from the text, “TI go to prepare a place for you,’ after which the choir will sing ‘Meet Me ‘There.’ ”’—Kiowa (Kan.) Review. | Men who sit still in the street cars while women stand and give as their excuse the assertion that women do not thank them when they do offer their seats will like this story: The man arose and gave his seat to a girl. you, most kindly, sir,” she replied. “Don’t mind her being polite,’ explained a sad- faced woman. sanitarium.”—Kansas City Star. They had just finished taking a new film in a big German moving picture studio near Berlin. Among the proper- ties was a live stork which had been trained to reach out one of his long legs and shake hands with people. Every- body was gathered around the bird try- ing out his accomplishment. A little six- the -Falmouth ~ “Oh, thank — “Tm taking her to a ~ | ~~ Aa _ weight and in every particular. THE GAME BREEDER year-old girl was among them. The stork shook hands with her, too. Then she ran beaming to her mother crying, “Mamma! Mamma! he knew me again at once!”,—New York Evening Post. It is a good plan to have two guns exactly alike, of course, in balance, Some- thing may happen to a gun at any time and the sportsman who has a second gun at hand which fits him will be glad of it. Those who can afford to do so should have two guns, exactly alike. When they come to shoot at ducks or pheasants in big numbers they can use them both by having a loader present to do the loading. The Parker Bros., Meriden, Conn., make excellent shot- guns. Write to them for a catalogue. A Good Book. Birps or New York. By Elon Howard Eaton. Part 2. Land Birds. The University of the State of New York, Albany. This is the second volume of the splendid work on the birds of New York. It is pub- lished as memoir 12 of the New York State Museum. The book opens with a chapter on bird ecology or the relationship of birds to their environment and their ability to adapt them- selves to new conditions as they arise. There are some useful hints for game preservers in this chapter. We are told that private pre- serves have been the salvation of many birds and quadrupeds in various countries of Europe and that this method of salvation is gaining ground in America. _The author takes the modern and the right view about the handling and control of the Predacious species. He says, some hawks, in- cluding the red-tailed hawk, and some owls are more beneficial than harmful, but in some cases they are found to do much damage. “If a bird lover finds the red-tailed hawks are destroying all the grouse in the coverts which they frequent these particular hawks should be removed from the scenes of their operations, and the same principles should govern our at- pase toward all those species on the doubtful ist. This is exactly what occurs on all of the American preserves and the results due to the control of the predacious birds and mammals are found to be as highly satisfactory in this country as they are abroad. The chapters on _ the birds of prey are especially interesting. As the author says, comparatively few ‘persons can distinguish the various species of hawks 149 and other predacious birds, some of which do more harm than others. It is wise to let the farmer or game keeper decide what enemies are destroying the game and they will deal with them properly. There are few references to the game birds, these having been fully described in Volume 1. The pheasants, we are told, have been de- structive in some localities, digging up the newly planted corn, following the rows and destroying each hill in succession. On the English preserves the sportsmen deal fairly with the farmers. Scare-boys are em- ployed to keep the pheasants out of the fields when they are found to be doing much harm and a fair sum is agreed to and paid willingly by the sportsmen when the game evidently has done any damage. The chapters on the song and insectivorous birds will interest sportsmen who have country places and who enjoy seeing the small birds plentiful. The book is illustrated with many half-tones of birds, nests, and eggs, and a series of large color plates made from draw- ings of L. A. Fuertes. This talented artist has added much to the value of Mr. Eaton’s great work. A Double Victory. E. A. Randall, of Portland, ran away from the field for the trapshooting honors of the Maine State Shoot. He not only won the State championship with 99x 100, but made his victory more complete by winning the high gen- eral average of the tournament, scoring 390 x 400. Throughout the entire meet Mr. Randall used Remington-UMC Ar- row Steel Lined Speed Shells. The Portland team—E. A. Randall, SoeeardamsnG. A. Blanchard, W. D. Hinds and O. P. Weymouth—all shoot- ing Remington-UMC Nitro Club and Arrow shells, carried off the honors in the Interstate Team Match with a score of 473 x 500. A feaure of the meet was Randall’s fine work the second day. He broke 199 of 200 birds and won easily from the rest of the field. [Now that the “more game” movement is decidedly on in New England we predict that the aforesaid shooters soon will let fly a big lot of arrows at pheasants, wild ducks, quail, etc., etc. We expect to attend some big shoots in New England next October, when there will be more game killed than ever was known in the land.—Editor.] Advertising rates in The Game Breeder made known on application. 150 ‘The Game Breeder PuBLISHED MONTHLY Epirep sy DWIGHT W. HUNTINGTON NEW YORK, AUGUST, 1915 TERMS: 10 Cents a Copy—#1.00 a year in Advance. Postage free to all subscribers in the United States. To All Foreign Countries and Canada, $1.25. Entered as second-class matter, July 9, 1915, at the Pest Once: New York City, New York, under the Act of March 32 1079, THE GAME CONSERVATION SOCIETY, INC., PUBLISHERS, 150 NASSAU ST., NEW YORK D. W. Huntineron, President, F. R. Perxorro, Treasurer, J. C. Huntineton, Secretary. Telephone, Beekman 3685. “IN CAPTIVITY” NONSENSE. It is quite as absurd to insist that all game must be reared “in captivity” as it was to insist that it must be killed, “otherwise than by shooting.” The “otherwise” nonsense has been removed from the statute books and we would strongly urge our readers to pre- vent the perpetuation of the “in captiv- ity’ nonsense whenever this absurdity makes its appearance. Farmers and fruit-growers are not obliged to raise their corn, or hay, or apples in greenhouses. The laws per- mit them to do so if they wish to do so, and thus it should be with game; the breeders should be permitted to rear game birds in captivity or even under glass 1f they wish to do so, but they should not be compelled by law to rear “in captivity” the species which do not lend themselves to hand-rearing. The most sanitary methods; the best; the cheapest; the most successful methods of breeding quail, grouse, teal and some of our other splendid game birds are wild breeding methods far removed from the ideas of “in captivity” cranks. Many readers of The Game Breeder now rear and shoot thousands of quail every sea- son under the most natural conditions. Some of our readers now rear thov- THE GAME BREEDER sands of grouse wild in their woods. Unfortunately it is difficult to get them to write stories about their successful enterprises since they wish to escape the attentions of their “in captivity” friends. They believe, as we do, that they own the grouse and quail and ducks which they produce. They harvest them in big numbers and fortunately, in most cases, they escape the attention of “im cap- tivity” mischief makers. The laws do not provide that one must rear his turkeys in the way which is sure to produce “black-head,” or his chickens in a way which seems certain to produce roup. If he prefers to rear them in a sanitary way least likely to produce diseases he is permitted to do so. We are by no means opposed to the many interesting experiments which are being made with hand reared quail and grouse. Similar experiments have been made with the gray partridges and red grouse in Europe; but the big numbers of these birds annually shot, marketed, and eaten are reared wild in protected fields and woods. The pheasants and the mallards are hand-reared abroad in big numbers just as they now are in America. $$ oa _|— A BIG MISTAKE. It is a mistake of large proportions to say that game breeders can only deal with deer and foreign fowls and the more common species of wild ducks. This nonsense has appeared in several states following the compromise in New York, where the celebrated Bayne bill, intended to prohibit the sale of rabbits was amended so as to permit the sale of deer, pheasants, mallards and black ducks. We urged at the time that it was even more important to encourage the practical protection of quail and grouse and the vanishing wood-duck and woodcock. Mr. Roosevelt, the chairman of the Senate Committee, recognizing the fact that it was “going some’ to make a bill intended to prohibit the sale of a rabbit read so as to permit the sale of deer and game birds, remarked to the writer that in the future the law un- doubtedly would be further amended so | . THE GAME BREEDER as to give the native quail and grouse a chance. In the meantime those inter- ested in these birds have kept Long Island open to shooting and the shoot- ing, paradcxical as it may seem, has tended to increase the game. CAEP OS Seelan QUAIL AND THE AUDUBON SOCIETY. A writer for the bulletin of the Amer- ican Protective Association says: ‘““The closed season on quail throughout the year, that has prevailed, was continued at the last session of the Ohio legisla- ture, over the protests of sportsmen, but through their efforts the continuation was for two years and not for ten, as desired by the farmers or perpetual as favored by the Audubon Society.” We presume the reference must be to the local Audubon Society since we are assured the National Association is not opposed to field sports or to sportsmen. Whatever its attitude may have been in the past it now has a department of applied ornithology intended to encour- age the profitable production of the wild food birds. The United States Agricultural De- partment has been pointing out to the farmers the value of quail as destroyers of insects and weed seeds and the farm- ers everywhere, having become tired of trespassing gunners who too often do not heed trespass signs (and in fact often shoot them up) have been quite willing to put an end to shooting in order to put an end to a nuisance. Na- turalists are fully aware that where shooting by a large army of guns is per- mitted the extra check to increase is too much for the game provided no one looks after it and protects it from its natural enemies. Since the sportsmen must expect the prohibition of shooting on the farm, if no game breeding is car- ried on in order to keep up the supply, many now are fully converted to the idea that it pays to deal fairly with the farmers and to look after the game. Since practical game protection costs something even when the game is bred wild in the fields, the shooting syndi- cates should sell some of the game pro- 151 duced to help pay expenses. Game pre- serving heretofore has been, for the most part, a rich man’s game. We have al- ways favored clubs with small dues and we are much interested in a number of these clubs which have an abundance of game every year at a very small cost per gun—in some cases only $15. Advantage of Game Breeders Laws. Sportsmen who are organized to se- cure more game laws should not be opposed to the industrious activities of those who deal fairly with the farmers and have very good shooting. Under game breeders’ laws they are permitted to shoot big bags during long open sea- sons and no one is damaged by such ac- tivity because without it soon there would be nothing to shoot. Long Island, New York, has been saved, fortunately, as an exhibit. Thousands of quail are shot there every season not only on club grounds but outside of them. There is no quail shooting in the other counties of the state. It should be remembered that about one-twentieth of the entire population of the United States resides within a few miles of this good shoot- ing, in the great city of New York. It would be an easy matter to restore quail shooting in the great central and western states provided one gun club, or one protective association in each county, would provide a noisy sanctuary for the members and insist, as they do on Long Island, that the shooting pro- hibition be removed from all the lands in the county or state. The clubs look after this matter and in providing shoot- ing for their members they provide shooting for all others, and they keep the season open from year to year. Mis- chief-makers have looked longingly at Long Island. We have often caught them gazing, but the fact that the bag limit has been increased and that more birds are shot every season and, best of all, the numbers are increasing, is enough to make a confirmed mischief- maker worry. ——__—<+ + OUR POLICY. Many of the Ameriean game laws are wrong in theory because they create fanciful crimes in which the element of 152 THE GAME BREEDER wrong doing is absent. Our readers are interested especially in having the laws amended so that it will no longer be con- sidered a crime to produce the wild foods profitably on the farms and to dispose of such foods in the best market. While we would gladly see many re- forms in the game laws and we believe that many fanciful crimes could be done away with to advantage, we have not the time nor the space to do more at present than push the two ideas: (1) that it should not be criminal to produce foods, profitably: (2) that such foods should be sold in the best markets without fear of the police. The Dean of Sportsmen, Charles Hal- lock, announced some time ago that our fight for “more game and fewer game laws” had been won. It is true that many States have amended their laws so as to permit the profitable breeding of all or certain species of game; it is also true that the food legally produced and com- ing from other States can not be sold in New York although similar game coming from abroad in cold storage is sold in New York. There are some ridiculous details to be worked out and our policy now is to see that these absurdities be made to dis- appear in order that game breeding be further encouraged. Arrows Old and New. We once shot over a wide stretch of excellent quail ground, in Ohio, where many Indian arrow points were scattered liberally in the fields. We picked up some of the flints and preserved them. Recently we wandered with a friend over a vast shooting area where practical game preserving has resulted in many thousands of quail, pheasants and ducks being shot every season. The ground was literally covered with “arrows’— the empties of Remington U-M-C steel lined shells. There were a few thousand “nitro club” also, and my friend, as he picked up one “arrow” after another, re- marked: - “This must be a Remington place.” We replied: “It pays to adver- tise. Practically all of our readers now say “Arrow’ when they shop in the gun- stores.”—The Game Breeder. The Parker Try Gun. Parker Bros’. Try Gun permits of being so adjusted that most accurate measurements may be secured for a perfectly fitting gun. In order to secure these measurements the makers have designed a Try Gun with a grip which moves in relation with the stock, thus giving a perfect fitting grip, no matter whether the stock may be made with very little drop or with the maximum drop. This is accomplished by means of a universal joint which is located between the tang and the trigger plate and is adjustable, both up and down or to right or left. This permits any variation of heel drop, from one: extreme to the other, and also gives any desired cast off, either to right or left. These adjustments are secured by means of socket headed adjusting screws, which are lo- cated in the tang and trigger plate and also on either side of the frame and are adjusted by means of the small wrench shown in the illus- tration. Adjustments of the comb are made by means of knurled nuts which are let into the body of the stock, and are held from turn- ing by spring pressure. The rear end of the comb may be raised or lowered so that a Monte Carlo effect may be secured. The length of stock is also adjustable by means of similar knurled nuts, and the angle or pitch of butt plate may also be changed at will, so that any pitch desired, may be secured. A still further refinement may be had by swing- ing the toe of the butt plate either to right or left in relation to the stock. This latter ad- justment is made by means of a screw oper- ated by the small wrench. After proper ad- justments are secured, the gun may be used, as all parts are amply strong so to permit the use of the gun in demonstrating. In order to se- cure the dimensions after the proper adjust- ments have been made, a special measuring device has been designed. It is firmly fastened to the top rib of the gun by means of locating pins and a thumb screw, and a vertical slide, which may be moved from one end of the horizontal bar to the other, gives the correct drop measurements at any point of the stock. The pitch is also read by sliding the vertical slide to the end of the stock, and pushing it down across the butt plate, swinging it in its bearing so that the slide touches the butt at heel and toe. The graduations on the vertical slide holder are in inches and will show the desired pitch of the gun. The cast off may be also read by measuring the distance of center lines, which are on the heel and toe of © the butt plate, from the end of the vertical slide, which is exactly central with the barrels. For determining the length of stock, the measuring device is removed from the barrels” and is used as a pair of beam calipers, a small finger attached to the bar being held against — the trigger and the vertical slide held against the center of the butt plate. The horizontal bar is graduated, and the length easily and quickly read. —————.-~______ More game and fewer game laws. THE GAME BREEDER 153 Subscribe to the Game breeder $1.00 Per Year Now Is The Time It is a mistake to delay ordering stock birds — prices will go up later and the birds will not lay well unless ordered early. We had a request for several thousand pheasants a few days ago and the demand for ducks is also good. Write to our advertisers NOW. 154 THE GAME BREEDER 1s "YOUR BROTHER A SHOOTER? WAVE of enthusiasm in restoring A American prestige with the gun is sweeping the country. Shooting is virilé sport with a strong appeal to that inherited protective instinct that made our forefathers the greatest marks- men in the world. The best place to learn to shoot is at a trap- shooting club, but novices shy at the idea of making a start in the company of a bunch of experienced shots. To satisfy the demand for an organized arrangement for beginners, we planned a Q National Beginners’ Day Shoot at which your inexperienced brother, son, wife, daughter, or friend may learn in company with various other beginners. Briefly, the plan provides two trophies, A FOB FOR MEN, A SPOON FOR WOMEN The bronze fob illustrated at the left is for the best score made by a beginner, man or woman, at each of these beginners’ shoots. The sterling silver Nemours teaspoon is for each woman, beginner or experienced, who makes the best score at each of these shoots. Best Hundred Clubs Get Cups The handsome bronze cup trophy illustrated will be given to each of the hundred clubs having the great- est number of beginners contesting in these shoots. Any club may hold a shoot any day or days in August. Write at once for full details and conditions. Hundred Club fuP LET EVERY MEMBER GET A MEMBER Get every member of your club to pledge himself to bring at least one beginner. Here is your chance to double the membership of your club and do a real service for your brother, son, wife, daughter, or friend. Shooter How to Shoot Get the details quickly from Trapshooting Department Du Pont PowDeEr Co. Wilmington, Delaware P.S. If you are a beginner write us for: letter of intro- duction to the Secretary of the nearest club holding a SIZE Beginners’ Day Shoot THE GAME BREEDER 155 Scene at 1914 Grand American, Dayton, Ohio GO TO THE Grand American Handicap Grant Park, Chicago, August 16-20, 1915 N° previous event in trapshooting will compare with the Sixteenth Grand ; American Handicap in number of entries, shooting environment, beauty and value of trophies and assemblage of trapshooting stars. This is . The Premier Event of the Year and a ten-trap equipment,—the largest ever installed—insures to every shooter ideal conditions “onthe firing line” of Grant Park,—Chicago’s most popular shore resort. Get into this ‘round up” of the world’s crack shots. Plan your vacation to include the Grand American Handicap,—the “world series” event of the trapshooting game. For program and special information write to E. Reed Shaner, Secretary Interstate Association, 219 Coltart Avenue, Pittsburgh, or to Sporting Powder Division, DU PONT POWDER COMPANY WILMINGTON 592 Du Pont Building DELAWARE State Champions who Competed at Dayton for the National Amateur Championship 156 /THE GAME BREEDER te eed SE ES i a a a ae CLASSIFIED ADVERTISEMENTS Announcements inserted under this head in small type for 2 cents per word. If displayed in heavy type, 5 cents per word. No advertisement accepted for less than 30 cents. Postage stamps accepted in payment. THE GAME BREEDER 150 Nassau Street New York City a DOGS BEARHOUNDS, IRISH WOLFHOUNDS, B!OOD- HOUNDS. Fox. deer cat and lion hounds. Trained and young stock. s50-page illustrated catalogue 5-cent stamp. ROOKWOwUD KENNELS, Lexington, Ky NORWEGIAN BEAR DOGS, IRISH WOLFHOUNDS, English bloodhounds, Russian wolfhounds, American fox- hounds, lion, cat, deer, wolf, coonand varmint dogs. All trained. Shipped on trial. Satisfacfion guaranteed or moneyrefunded Purchasertodecide. Fifty page highly illustrated catalogue, 5c. stamp. ROOKWOOD KEN- NELS, Lexington, Kentucky. THE BLUE GRASS FARM KENNELS, of Berry, Ky., ofter forsale setters and pointers. fox and cat hounds, wolf and deer nounds. Coon and opossum hounds, var- mint and rabbit hounds, bear and lion hounds, also Aire dale terriers All dogs shipped on trial. purchaser to jucge the quality. satisfaction guaranreed or money re- tunded. Sixty page, highly illustrated, instructive and interesung catalogue for ten cents in stamps or coin. AIREDALES—THE GREAT ALL ’ROUND DOG. Collies of the best possible blood, beautiful, intelligent ; have ouppies, grown dogs and brood matrons Send for large list. W.R. WATSON, Box 7:1, Oakland, lowa. DOGS TRAINED AND BOARDED. BEST AR- ranged kennels in the South, located on 10,000 acres leased hunting grounds; forced retrieving taught dogs of any age; my methods never fail ; thirty years experience JESS M. WHAITE, Cyrene, Decatur Co., Ga. _ CHESAPEAKE BAY DUCK RETRIEVERS—THOR- oOughbred Stock—Bred and raised on the James River and Chesapeake Bay. Shot over almost every day of the Duck Shooting Season. Dogsand puppies for sale. Just right to break this Fall. JOHN SLOAN, Lee Hall, Virginia. CHESAPEAKE BAY DUCK RETRIEVERS. Thoroughbred stock, Bred and raised on the James River and Chesapeake Bay. Shot over almost every day of the duck shooting season. Dogs and pups for sale. 4 fine female puppies 6 months old, at $'5.00 each. Just right to break this season. JOHN SLOAN, Lee Hall, Virginia. MISCELLANEOUS RUFFED GROUSE WANTED, STATE PRICE. A. I. W., care of The Game Breeder, 150 Nassau Street, New York. WANTED—ACORNS. STATE PRICE PER BUSHEL. A. 1. W., care of The Game Breeder, 150 Nassau Street, New York. WILD MALLARD DUCKS—RAISED AND REGIS" tered in old Wisconsin Eggs $1.25 per12; birds $1.50 each. Excellent decoys. Ordernow. E.G.SHOWERS, Onalaska, Wisconsin. WANTED—COPIES OF THE GAME BREEDER FOR June, 1913; September, 1913; April, 1914; June, 1914; December, 1914. We will pay 20 cents per copy for a few copies of the issues named in goodcondition. THE GAME BREEDER, 1rs0 Nassau Street, N. Y WHITE'S PRESERVE—WILD CELERY AND ALL kinds of wild duck food, plants and seeds. Also enter tainsportsmen. Waterlily, Currituck Sound, North Caro- lina. WANTED—ACORNS. State price per bushel M. TAN ENBAUM, 149 Broadway, New York City. SPECKLED TROUT OIL PAINTINGS, $3.00 EACH. “ARTIST MARTIN,” Girard, Pa GUARANTEED GERMINABLE WILD RICE SEED. Shipment in September for fall sowing Shipped wet as recommended by the Department of Agriculture. Supply limited. Order at once. ROBERT CAMPBELL, Keene, — Ontario. ‘ LIVE GAME PHEASANT AND JAPANESE PHOENIX FOWL Eggs tor sale; several varieties. S V. REEVES, 114 E. Park Ave.. Haddonficld, N. J. GET WISE—RAISE PHEASANTS FOR PASTIME. Profitable and fascinating. Send for prices. CON- NECTICUT FARMS PHEASANTRY, Union, Union County, N. J. QUAIL, PARTRIDGES, WILD FOWL, DEER AND other animals. See display advertisement in this issue. WM. J. MACKENSEN, Proprietor Pennsylvania Pheas- antry and Game Park. CANADA WILD GEESE AND THEIR GOSLINGS— A limited number for sale now—the surest way to start breeding this species. We are the oldest and largest breeders of Canadas in this country. Black and White Swans.Wild Ducks, etc, forsale. WHEALTON WATER FOWL FARMS, Chincoteague Island. Va. WILD TURKEYS—For prices see display advertisement in this issue. W. J. MACKENSEN, Yardley, Bucks County, Pa. FOR SALE—Pheasants and eggs. Everything in the pheasant family. Pamphlet witn order free. BUCK- WOOD PHEASANTRIES, Dunfield. Warren Co., New Jersey. . (1ot) CASH PAID FOR PEA FOWLS. State age and sex. Will buy 500 Ring Necks, roo Amherst. too Goldens, 160 Reeves. State your best pric. HELEN BARTLETT, Cassopolis, Michigan. PEACOCKS. ALL KINDS OF PHEASANTS, WHITE African Guineas, for sale, pure blooded, non-related. : will buy Amherst, Reeves and Pea fowls. JOHN TAL- BOT, South Bend. Indiana. 9-14-6m. FOR SALE — PEACOCK, each $6.00; MAMMOTH Flemish Rabbit $4.00 a pair at six months, Angora rabbit $3.00 a pair. Pigeons: silvered pouters $5.00 a pair, white fantails $2.00, white dragon $2.00, red homer $1.00. J.J. GAREAU, St. Roch l’Achigan, Quebec, Can. PHEASANTS OF NINE VARIETIES; STOCK AND eggs. Ringneckscontractable by the thousand. DAISY FARM, San Lorenzo, California. PHEASANTS WANTED. ONLY RARE VARIETIES such as Tragopans, Manchurian, Firebacks, eee ety etc. Kindly quoterrice A J. MERLE, Alameda, Calif. PHEASANTS WANTED Two thousand English Ring Necked Pheasants. Kindly quote price and particulars. A, Roslyn, Long Island, New York FOR SALE—ONE PET DEER, ONE YEAR OLD. Address ROY CLEWITT, Kerrick, Minnesota. In writing to advertisers please mention The Game Breeder or sign your letters: ‘‘Yours for More Game.” THE GAME BREEDER 157 WE HAVE A FINE LOT OF PINIONED PHEAS- ants for sale. Prices on application. THURSTON COUNTY GAME FARM, Olympia, Wash. H. W. Myers, Supt., R. F. D. No. x. PHEASANTS—Having plenty of breeding stock, Golden, Silver and Ringneck Pheasants, I would take a position ona Private Estate or Club to raise game, commercial or otherwise. W.M., care of The Game Breeder, 150 Nassau Street, New York City. GAMEKEEPERS HEAD GAMEKEEPER OR SUPERINTENDENT— wanted by experienced man as above. 20 years’ first-class character in England and America. Understand raising of all kinds of Game and Ducks, training and management of Dogs, trapping of all kinds of Vermin. B, care of The Game Breeder, 150 Nassau St., New York. SUPERINTENDENT. — Wanted, by experienced man, ' 25 years, first-class referenees from large estates and game farms where 3,000 pheasants have been penned and 20,000 raised yearly. Understand the raising of all kinds of gameand wild duck, management of incubators, testing of eggs, trapping of vermin. training and management of dogs and all duties making of rabbit warrens. W.B., care of The Game Breeder, 150 Nassau St., N. Y. City. POSITION WANTED AS SUPERINTENDENT OF large estate or game preserve by a professional forester and gamekeeper. Very capable man with fish and game production of all kinds ; also breeding and training sport- ing dogs. Excellent trapper. Highly recommended. Address SUPERINTENDENT, care of the Game Breed- er, 150 Nassau Street, New York. GAMEKEEPER— LIFE EXPERIENCED REARING land and water fowl, training and handling high class shooting dogs, conditioning for stows. A-l rearing pup- pies, well up in veterinary, competent manager of club or private estate. Distance immaterial. J. H. W., care of The Game Breeder, 150 Nassau St., N. Y. City. GAMEKEEPER—WANTS SITUATION FOR NEXT season. Skilled in pheasant and duck rearing, Will be open for employment January rst. Reason for changing position is desire to get a change of climate for family A. E. JAMES, care of The Game Breeder, 150 Nassau St., New York City. . HEAD GAMEKEEPER, SCOTCH, WANTS SITUA- tion. .Thoroughly experieneed in rearing pheasants, wild ducks, turkeys and partridges; 26 years’ experience. Can be highly recommended. R. J. M., care of The Game Breeder. 150 Nassau Street, New York GAMEKEEPER REQUIRES SITUATION, UNDER- stands all duties. est references from Europe and this country. Address M. F., care of The Game Breeder, 150 Nassau Street. New York. EXPERIENCED UNDER KEEPER WANTED FOR Private Estate. Single man, age 20 to 24. Applv to T. B., care of The Game Breeder, 150 Nassau St., New York City. HEAD GAMEKEEPER, SCOTCH, WANTS SITUA- tion. Thoroughly understands Pheasant and Wild Duck raising, (will rear Pheasants by contract), Incubators, management of deer, rearing and training of dogs, vermin trapping. Well recommended. Address W. S., care of The Game Breeder, 150 Nassau St., New York City. THREE GAMEKEEPERS WANTED At once, Head Gamekeeper, married, without family, thoroughly efficient inrearing game and wild fowl, and their management, to show sport. Good vermin trapper, dog breaker, and all the other various duties of a practica keeper. Also want two experienced Underkeepers, single. Send copy of references. present and last employer. Apply Stating age, etc., A, Roslyn, Long Island, N. Y. GAME EGGS BOOK YOUR ORDER NOW FOR CHINESE RING- neck pheasant eggs, Oregon’s famous game bird. $3.00 er dozen, $20.00 per hundred. OREGON BIRD & HEASANT FARM, Beaverton, Oregon. FINEST STRAIN OF ENGLISH RING-NECKED PHEASANT EGGS for sale during June; $15.00 per hundred, in lots of not less than 100 eggs. Apply to DUNCAN DUNN, Superintendent, State Game Farm, Forked River, N. J. MALLARD DRAKES AND EGGS FOR SALE. Eggs at the rate of $2.00asetting. REDDEN QUAIL CLUB, Paoli, Pennsylvania. GOLDEN AND RING-NECK PHEASANT EGGS ' for sale. cheap. CONNECTICUT FARMS PHEAS- ANTRY, Union Union County, N. J. RING NECK PHEASANT EGGS FROM CHOICE stock, Order now for early delivery. $2.50 per setting of 15eggs. EDWARD W. DOLAN, Worthington, Minn. FOR SALE—PHEASANT EGGS FOR HATCHING. Golden and pure Lady Amherst. One pair year old byprid birds for sale. E. R. ANDERSON, So. Hamilton,’ . O., Mass. PHEASANT EGGS IN JUNE, $4.80 PER HUNDRED. THOS. COWLEY GAME FARM, Mawdesley, Orms- kirk, England. ENGLISH RING-NECK PHEASANTS’ EGGS FOR HATCHING, from strong healthy stock. $3 a setting. $23 a hundred. Miss HOPE PICKERING, Hope Poultry Farm, Rumford, R. I. y ac} PHEASANT EGGS FOR DELIVERY IN MAY AND JUNE, $15 per 110; $125 per 1100. Guaranteed 90% fer- tile. Packed in dry wood will keep good for a month. ARTHUR DAVIS, The Pheasantries. Denner Hill, Great Wissenden, Buck, England (Associate Game Guild) RING NECK PHEASANT EGGS FOR HATCHING. $3.00 per setting. ERNEST WOODER, Oxford Jct., Iowa PIGEONS BEST HOMERS AND CARNEAUX PIGEONS TIME and money can produce. Pictures and description free. Write NATIONAL SQUAB FARM, Itasca, Texas. GAME BIRDS WANTED I AM IN THE MARKET FOR CALIFORNIA MOUN- tain partridges and masked Bob-whites. F.A., care of The Game Breeder, 150 Nassau Street, New York. Our Wild Fowl and Waders Practical Book on Duck Breeding for Sport and Profit $1.50 The Game Breeder, 150 Nassau St.,'N. Y. C. MG. and fF. GL Can you guess it? In writing to advertisers please mention The Game Breeder or sign your letters: ‘Yours for More Game.” 158 Game Birds I am now offering for immediate delivery my own hand-reared birds RING-NECK Pheasants....$ 5.50 per pail Golden Pheasants......... NOD 8 Canadian Grouse..... 10000 Se 2s I also offer Pintails, Black Ducks, Teal, etc., and several varieties of Wild Geese. Safe Delivery Guaranteed. John Heywood, ox 8B, Gardner, Mass. THE AMATEUR TRAINER By Ed. F. Haberlein A practical trainer of over 30 years’ experience, whose system is up to date and stands unequaled. New Edition Just Out. Illustrated. A plain, practical and concise, yet thorough guide in the art of training, handling and the correcting of faults of the bird dog subservient to the gun afield. Written especially for the novice, but equally valuable to the experienced handler. By following the instructions plainly given, every shooter possessed of a little common sense and patience can train his own dogs to perfection. Paper cover,.$1.00; best full cloth binding and gold embossed, $1.50. Address THE GAME BREEDER, 150 Nassau Street, N. Y. Egg Advertising to produce the best results, should begin in the Fall. THE GAME BREEDER Wild Water Fowl “Our Specialties.’ Wood Ducks, Mandarins, Wild Black Mallards for stocking game preserves. Safe delivery guaranteed. 500 Can- ada Wild Geese, $8.00 to $10.00 per pair. Australian, South American, Carolina Swans. 200 trained English Decoy Ducks, guaranteed Callers and Breeders, $5.00 per pair. Eges,15 for — $2.00. Mallards and Canada Geese must be bought NOW to breed this Spring. For prices of other wild fowl apply to WHEALTON WILD WATER-FOWL FARMS Chincoteague Island, Virginia ? SOME SHOOTING WITH THE Double Barrel Parker Gun At the Indian Tournament, Sandusky, O., June 29-July 2, S. A. Huntley won high general average and amateur average, 491 x 500. Woolfolk Henderson second, 488 x 500. Fred Gilbert won second professional average, 481 x 500. third professional average, 475 x 500. Arthur Killam All of these gentlemen were shooting DOUBLE barrel Parker guns. WONDERFUL SHOOTING. Send for catalogue and 20 bore booklet, free. PARKER BROTHERS ° . MERIDEN, CONN. New York Salesrooms, 32 Warren Street a a THE GAME BREEDER 159 ® jie SmokelessShotgun Powder In Loaded Shells of practically all makes you can get Infallible. Ask for it the ast time you buy shells: ar If you are interested in trapshooting, write for our booklet called “Trapshooting.”’ It is worth reading. Address: Hercules Powder Co. Wilmington, Del. HERCULES Bi owirk ro. The, Propagation of Wild Birds By HERBERT K. JOB PRICE $2.00 We pay delivery charges THE GAME BREEDER 150 NASSAU STREET NEW YORK Department P ' THE LURE OF WILD RICE bring Ducks hundreds of miles—my Wild Rice Seed for planting is the finest of the year—also Wild Celery, Wapato, and other natural foods that Ducks love. Terrell’s Famous Wild Fowl Strong, healthy, fresh from their native haunts— for breeding or stocking purposes. I have the Wild Fowl that are considered best in the country. Mallards, Black Ducks, Canvasbacks, Wood Ducks, Pintails, Teal, Geese, Pheasants, etc., and Wild Mallard eggs in Spring from birds of strong flying strain. Write for My Free Instructive Booklet. CLYDE B. TERRELL Naturalist OSHKOSH, WISCONSIN Eggs and Pheasants For Sale _ We offer for immediate delivery. Silver, Golden, Lady Amhurst, Reeves, Elliott, Ringnecks, Mongolian, Swinhoe Versicolor, Impeyan Pheasants. White and Blue Peafowls. Japanese Silkies and Longtails. S.C. Buff and Blue Orping- tons, R. I. Reds. WANTED Peafowl, Pheasants and Ducks White Peafowls, Black-shouldered or Java. In Pheasants any of Tragopans, Firebacks, Cheer, Soemmering. Elliott, Kalij White-crested Linneatus. Also Canvasback ducks. In writing, quote number, sex, lowest cash price. We will on receipt of 20 cents in stamps send colortype catalogue of pheasants, CHILES & CO., Mt. Sterling, Ky. In writing to advertisers please mention The Game Breeder or sign your letters: “Yours for More Game.” 160 THE GAME BREEDER OUR WILD FOWL AND WADERS THE NEW YORK TIMES ‘“‘The subject is the development of a new crop—a flesh crop which has especial timeliness in view of the general exhaustion of our food supply. Mr. Huntington dis- cusses in the most practical manner the restoration of this crop of feathered game, and from the standpoint both of the sportsman and the market gunner, wild ducks, it seems, can be raised as easily and cheaply as domesticated ducks, and with equally excellent financial results. The way to do this is described with estimates of cost and citation of experience abroad, where the deficiency of food supply has led to the discovery and elaboration of many remedies to which we have not yet been forced. Mr. Huntington’s book is illustrated with photographs, interesting alike to naturalists and breeders.” WILLIAM BREWSTER! “““Our Wild Fowl and Waders’ is obviously an able, comprehensive and very interesting treatise on a subject which has hitherto received but little attention from writers, especially in America, and concerning which naturalists, as well as sports- mea, will, [ am sure, be glad to be thus credibly and pleasingly informed.” THE LOCKPORT UNION-SUNJ i “Mr. Huntington has given to the American people an admirable treatise on the practical methods of making these splendid and desirable birds profitably plentiful. Ponds, streams and waste lands which do not pay the meagre taxes upon them can be utilized and be made to yield both. handsome profits and good sport. This American authority on wild game tells the farmers and land owners of this country how to do it.” CHARLES HALLOCK ‘“‘ The wild fowl book is valuable, clearsighted and scholastic. It is a direct appeal to sportsmen of common sense and generous behavior, and they will readily absorb its comprehensive pages and act accordingly —and live thereby.” DR. R. W. SHUFELDT ‘“‘T have enjoyed the treat in my reading of this book from frontispiece to finis, and I wager anybody else will enjoy it. . . . The author has placed every sports- man, every naturalist and a great many other citizens of other callings squarely under obligations to him. The book is a direct and logical argument setting forth the means for the preservation in the future of our wild fowl and waders. . . . The illustrations are judiciously selected, interesting and materially add to the value of the volume.” A. A. HILL “ This is not only a readable book, but it is important in an economic sense, and it will especially appeal to all who are interested in the cqnservation of wild life, and especially our game birds.” AUTOMOBILE' DEALER AND REPAIRER “A If the advice of Dwight W. Huntington, pioneer and apostle of the movement in this country for a rational game protection and conservation, be acted upon, the time is coming speedily when game will be as cheap as beef or mutton. At present, after fifty years of legal protection, we have no game to amount to anything save in the more remote sections. . . . The book is not only instructive in an economic sense, showing how to make wild duck preserves safe and attractive, how to get stock and eggs and the food required, but is delightful reading for all. The author of ‘Our Wild Fowl and Waders’ is doing a great public service in his campaign for more game.” . OUR WILD FOWL AND WADERS will be sent to any address in the United States or Canada with THE GAME BREEDER for one year upon receipt of $2.00. THE GAME CONSERVATION SOCIETY 150 NASSAU STREET, N. Y. Mackensen Game Park I carry the largest stock in America of live game birds, ornamental birds and quadrupeds. Hungarian Partridges \ I am prepared to fill the largest orders \ for these birds and for years I have filled practically all of the large State orders for both Partridges and Pheasants. : | Peeacants My Pheasant pens hold thousands of _ Pheasants and I am prepared to furnish _ these birds in large numbers to State de- partments, individual breeders and preserves. Wild Duck 4 Mallards, Black fede Teal, Wood Duck, Pintails and other species - : claw can be supplied in large numbers at at- ie | tractive prices. Also Mandarins and all other water fowl. Wild Turkeys I am now the largest breeder and dealer in Wild Turkeys and can supply these birds in good numbers to State Departments and preserve owners I carry the largest stock in America of ornamental birds and animals. My ponds now contain nearly 200 best Royal Swans of England. I have fine lot of the beautiful pink FLAMINGOES and the very large European PELICANS. Also STORKS, CRANES, PEAFOWL, fancy GEESE and DUCKS. My pheasant pens contain over a thousand Ringneck and fancy PHEASANTS. All stock is kept under practically natural conditions. I have 80 acres of land entirely devoted to my business. Can also promptly furnish BUFFALOES, DEER, LLAMAS. RABBITS, etc. Orders booked during summer. I have for years filled practically all the large State Orders and have better _ facilities for handling large orders than any other firm. Write me before buying elsewhere—it will pay you to do so. Your visit solicited. I am only 60 miles from New York and 80 miles from Philadelphia. WM. J. MACKENSEN Department V. YARDLEY, BUCKS COUNTY, PA. _ REAL ESTATE OR SALE, a Tract of land suitable for a game park or preserve. — Contains 2500 acres, two lakes, trout streams, part cleared, balance wood- land. Timber alone is worth the price asked for the land. : This tract is well suited for a Game Breeding Association or Shoot- ing Club. It is located on the Dela- ware River, not far from Port Jervis. There are a number of buildings | suitable for Club purposes. We have other properties adapted for Game Breeding Associations and Shooting and Fishing Preserves. For Particulars address W. G. LYNCH The W. G. Lynch Realty Co. | Long Acre Building - © - New York WAN de [92 2 Der Year Single Copies 10 S irs Peo" banyan ppzeseny MW piste | simale Copies 10 ©. Ed Eli ill ar Pio Per Year Ae te einsle Copies 10°. fa 4 = THE OBJECT OF THIS MAGAZINE IS TO MAKE NORTH AMERICA THE BIGGEST GAME PRODUCING COUNTRY IN THE WORLD CONTENTS Survey of the Field—Good Appoinments—More Game in Minne- sota—A Low Estimate—Stock Birds and Eggs—Aviary Species —An_ Insular Preserve—The Maine Meeting—Legislative Gains and a Laughing Stock—The Convention Habit—A Game Breeders Law Needed—Proposed New Conservation Commission for New York — A Grand Prix—An Absent Minded Bostonian — Crows and Corn. The Prairie Grouse - - D. W. Huntington The Grayling - Hon. M. D. Baldwin The Mountain Quail Harold C. Bryant Eel Grass - - - W. L. McAtee Chinese Pheasants” - Professor W. H. Olin Fur Farming - - J. E. Briggs California Valley Quail = - - - - Geo. Neale Hh Sa in Notes from the Game Farms and Preserves. Editorials—Correspondence. Outings and Innings—Trade Notes, Ete. Inui P| S IF Sa THE GAVE CONSERVATION SOCIETY. Inc} 1|\" | Nee THE GAME CONSERVATION SOCIETY. Inc. B | a, ally aaerreaTEEtnrTT ST Dn NGESTRROR RRP RUer ENT aT oor ee NADU DUD NADU DDD SUDO LAD DDN DUD ONS 1S OAS SPRATT’S GAME FOOD No.3 3 should form the staple, diet of all semi-wild birds. SPRATT’S PRAIRIE MEAT Is the most reliable preparation of meat obtainable. It takes the place of Ants’ Eggs and is a perfect substitute for insect life. SPRATT’S MAXCO GAME FOOD is rich in Protein and Carbohydrates, both of which are essential for strong frame-work and quick feathering. Take a few pounds of — SPRATT’S DOG CAKES with you on your hunting trips. Your dogs will appreciate this attention and you will be more than repaid, for dogs fed on SPRATT’S BISCUITS will do better and more reliable work in the field than those fed on any other foods. Send 10c. for “Poultry Culture,’ and 25c. for “Pheasant Culture” “Dog Culture” sent on receipt of 2c. stamp. SPRATT’S PATENT LIMITED Newark, N. J. San Francisco St.Louis Cleveland Montreal Boston FOVONO NOLO D OS OOS G1 OLDS SOD DSO OSSD DSSS fo OOOH ODDS ODS GUOS ESSAI ISA OID a Ih AUDA SD 1 I SESSIONS THE GAME BREEDER 161 The Time To Advertise Game Birds Is NOW There will be a big demand for stock birds and those who send in their adver- tisements early will get the most business. Ege advertising should begin not later fame October: to get the best results next spring. To THE GAME BREEDER, 150 Nassau Street, New York. Please send me THE GAME BREEDER, for one year. $1.00 enclosed. elisiiale! s/s) ciala siaels se a) calel se vise) sleidc seem 0 ele s een see vs 4 Se eee hee Cr er ed Cc eee e eee eee eee eee eee eres see tess e ees eeeee sete se FH eee ee ee we Oe N. B.—Write Name and Street Address plainly and state if you wish back numbers of the magazine to the first of the year. 162 THE GAME BREEDER Game Breeders’ Supplies WIRE - COOPS - TRAPS Wire For Deer Parks, Rearing Fields and Kennels Coops and Hatching Boxes Traps For Ground and Winged Vermin Egg Turners, Egg Boxes for Shipping And all Appliances;for Game Farms and Preserves I shall be pleased to correspond with game breeders who wish to purchase wire, coops, traps or any apphi- ances for the game farm and preserve. Special advice given to all contemplating the game breeders’ industry. F. T. OAKES . Room 622 . 150 Nassau Street New York, U. S. A. I do not sell live deer and game birds, or eggs In writing to advertisers please mention The Game Breeder or sign your letters: **Yours for More Game. THE GAME BREEDER 163 Our Wild Fowl and Waders A Practical Book on the Breeding of Wild Fowl | for Sport and for Profit With Numerous Illustrations. Contains chapters on the Preservation of Snipe and Woodcock. Many readers of the Game Breeder have bred thousands of Wild Ducks by following the instructions in this book. DUCK BREEDING IS PROFITABLE. PRICE, $1.50; Special Signed Edition, $2.00. THE GAME BREEDER, 150 Nassau Street, New York Heating and Cooking Stoves for Clubs and Cottages The Camp Cook Stove This is an ideal cook stove for the Mining, Lumber and Military Camps; will work just as well in the open air as indoors. Construction Companies working arge gangs of men will find this well suited to their requirements. A FEW OF THE LEADING STOVES FURNISHED Radnor Ranges Home Victor Hot Water Stoves Index Heating Stoves Our Friend Cook Stoves Home Victor Ranges Farmer Girl Cook Solar Kent Heating Sentry Wood Stoves Victor Cook Dobule Oven New H. A. Elm Double Heaters Stoves Home Victor Cellar Furnaces Ranges Vulcan Double Heaters Prompt Ranges Home Cellar Furnaces Hotel ences Tropic Sun Heating Stoves Cozy Ranges Victor Cellar Furnaces Royal Victor Ranges Haddon Hercules Heating Stoves Victor Cook Ranges Victor Solar Cellar Furnaces No. 10 Ironsides Cook Ormond Ranges Loyal Victor Ranges Farmer's Furnaces and Patrol Wood Stove No. 15 Hot Blast Heating Stoves Victor Hotel Ranges Cauldrons No. 90 Ironsides Victor Gem Cook Elm Ranges Haddon Ranges Laundry Stoves Farmer Boy Cook Stoves — Manufactured by S.V. REEVES, 45 N. 2nd St., Philadelphia, Pa. SEE ——————— eee , In writing to advertisers please mention The Game Breeder or sign your letters: ‘‘Yours for More Game.” i; 4 > 164 THE GAME BREEDER REMINGTON UMC 9G. War Eat OF REVO and PISTOL Dependable CARTRIDGES in Any Make of Arm Mu: took to Revolver and Pistol Shooting as a sport. Got to thinking about it—comparing scores, methods, ammunition—and Remington-UMC business in Revolver and Pistol Cartridges grew by leaps and bounds. : It is growing faster than ever to-day. More men judging ammunition i by its results—a keener scrutiny; more rigid standards; anda widerand | wider understanding of just why Remington-UMC stands where it does in the estimation of Revolver and Pistol users all over the world, both the | record makers and the rank and file. F Remington-UMC Cartridges are made for every standard make of pistol and revolver. Sold by alert dealers all over this country —the dealers who display the Red Ball Mark of Remington-U MC REMINGTON ARMS-UNION METALLIC CARTRIDGE CO. WOOLWORTH BLDG. (233 Broadway) NEW YORK CITY is \ q The Game Breeder Published Monthly. Entered as second-class matter, July 9, 1915, at the Post Office, New York City, New York, under the Act of March 3, 1879. VOLUME VII SEPTEMBER, 1915 NUMBER 6 <€oD SURVEY OF THE FIELD. Good Appointments. One of our Ohio readers writes that Bie W. J. Kirgan, of Cincinnati, and Mr. I. S. Myers, of Akron, have been appointed by Governor Willis as mem- bers of the Agricultural Board to repre- sent the fish and game interests of Ohio. Our correspondent says: “I believe these men are both of progressive ideas and that the matter of game breeding in Ohio will receive much attention on their part.” Ohio progressed slowly last winter. The laws were amended so as to permit the profitable breeding of pheasants only. The absurdity of permitting the profit- able breeding of foreign fowls, and at the same time preventing the profitable breeding of our native game will per- meate in Ohio, no doubt, before long, as it has in many other States which now have thousands of wild ducks, grouse, deer and other game to illustrate the rapid increase due to the work of indus- trious game breeders. We recommend to the Ohio officers that they memorize the good old law Latin maxim, which translated reads: “The laws should aid the vigilant and not the sleeping.” More Game in Minnesota. A correspondent of the New York World says: More than 100 residents on the 65,000 acres of land within the Minnetonka game refuge will raise mallard ducks, pheasants and quail next season and if their experiments prove as successful as those of people in other States, these three varieties of game birds may soon be as readily obtainable in the markets as . chickens, turkeys and geese now are. From 5,000 to 10,000 eggs are to be distributed among those who will encourage the propaga- tion of wild life and if the ratio of young birds to eggs holds true, the refuge will be heavily stocked, while outside of it by 1917 there should be more birds as fair marks for sportsmen than are now under protection. We learned with regret sometime ago that the large area referred to would be added to the big lot of posted farms in Minnesota and closed to shooting. A large part of the shooting area is now posted and, since some sportsmen do not heed the warning signs and persist in shooting until driven off, it is no won- der that the farmers have been in favor of putting the quail and the grouse on the song bird list, and in favor of laws protecting them from the guns at all sea- sons. A license to shoot is not worth much in many States. A Low Estimate. The estimate of Mr. Frank B. Blair as to what will happen on the Minne- tonka reservation is very low, absurdly so, if any considerable number of the people go in for “more game” for profit. The increase would be still larger if the game could be produced for sport, also, because the sportsmen could furnish a good part of the money needed to pur- chase stock birds and eggs and to pay for gamekeepers. The combined area of a few places near New York very much smaller than the area of the Minnesota reservation will produce next season far more game than the amount named by Mr. Blair. We would be pleased to have Mr. Blair inspect some of these places and we can see that he does so if he ever comes to New York and would like to see the results of the “more game” move- ment in this vicinity. Mr. Blair’s opinion is given in full but 166 we would like to know if the Minnesota laws permit the marketing of all species of game. It is estimated by Frank D. Blair, Field Superintendent of the Minnesota Game and Fish Protective League, that within the proscribed territory about 1,000 mallards, from 5,000 to 10,000 quail and no more than a dozen pheas- ants have been taking shelter. At the end of two seasons he believes that there will be 30,000 or 40,000 birds, the most marked increase being among the pheasants—now very rare which should be 5,000 strong. “The rate of increase of these wild birds in captivity is remarkable,” said Mr. Blair recently. “Mallards will lay an average of forty eggs a season, quail from thirty to fifty, and pheasants from thirty to forty. When they are living in a wild state, they usually lay several batches of eggs and then hatch out only one batch, while in captivity all the eggs are saved. Birds hatched will average roughly about sixty per cent. of the eggs. “The most serious difficulty confront- ing those who experiment in the propa- gation of wild birds is in keeping them separated from poultry. They are espe- cially susceptible to diseases that are communicated, from coops and land where chickens have been. A bantam hen is most generally used to set on the _eggs and frequently breeders make the mistake of turning the young birds loose in the chicken yards along with the hen. “The Minnetonka residents who ex- pect to raise mallards, pheasants ‘and quail are actuated by a desire to increase the number of birds within the refuge. Though they will be put to some trouble, the returns eventually, they believe, will. more than offset the tribulations.” Stock Birds and Eggs. We are glad to know that a big lot of stock birds and eggs will be needed for the Minnetonka reservation. Our adver- tisers furnish the best. We shall spread The Game Breeder abundantly in the neighborhood so that all intending pur- chasers may know just where to get the THE GAME BREEDER best and the cheapest (for the best. are the cheapest) stock birds and eggs. Aviary Species. Reports coming to our game census — indicates that the number of pheasants which are bred for ornaments in the aviary is increasing rapidly. Some of serves for sport but they are nowhere as common as the ringnecked and dark- . | necked pheasants and the various hy- as these species are bred on foreign pre- — brids produced by these birds and by crosses with the Mongolian and Prince of Wales pheasants and some other spe- — cies. One of our Kentucky breeders re- ports that he has 6 of the rare Impeyan pheasants; 4 Manchurian eared pheas- ants; 2 Elliotts; 6 Swinhoe; 3 Mongol- ian; 8 Prince of Wales; 10 Versicolor ; 12 Amhersts; 2 White Crested Calij; 12 Reeves; 9 Silvers and 7 Golden pheas- ants. An Insular Preserve. President Wilson has just issued an order authorizing the use of a small isl- — and lying about three miles south of Lake Mille Lacs, Minn., as a federal game preserve and a breeding ground for — native birds. The island will be called Mille Lacs reservation. The Presidential order also provides that the Klamath Lake reservation in California and Oregon, which is used — for the protection of native birds, be re- duced in area, by eliminating consider- able land on the east and west bound- aries.—The Globe, N. Y. The Maine Meeting. is locally j | known as Spirit Island, and hereafter The 20th annual outing of the Maine — Sportsman’s Fish and Game Association was held at Kineo. J. Hodgson said, “The important mis- sion of this association is the preserva- tion of game and wild life and to aid in President Robert — the enactment of such laws as will best — protect all wild life and at the same time give the sportsmen from within and without our State the best fishing, the best hunting possible.” He added that the members of the Legislature have — given a great deal of honest thought upon . . : > ¥ : ‘ THE GAME BREEDER this subject. ‘““They may not and did not agree with this association when it came to passing all the laws that we asked for, but they did listen to us and. passed some very helpful laws.” After reading the long list of new laws, printed in Maine Woods, the most ardent game law enthusiast should say the Legislature did very well indeed. We doubt if there is a lawyer in Maine who could name one-half of the laws enacted. It would seem that after conferring for twenty years the sportsmen of Maine should be able to formulate a simple law which might have some permanency. Mr. Hodgson well said that laws are not sufficient to stay to any great extent the sure diminution of game. He pointed out the importance of seeing the laws executed. The two things needed in the opinion of the orator are “more money; more service.” We read in a Maine State report long ago that the entire State militia would be inadequate to properly protect the game, and this is undoubtedly true and will remain so as long as all of the peo- ple, resident and non-resident, destroy game, and no one is permitted to prop- erly look after it and produce it. A few noisy sanctuaries in Maine where thou- sands of game birds could be produced and shot annually would help matters much in that State just as they have in other States which now have game breed- ers’ laws encouraging game production. Game easily could be made abundant and cheap in the Maine markets for six months every year and all of the people, including the sportsmen, would be bene- fitted. Legislative Gains and A Laughing Stock. Hon. H. B. Austin, chairman of the Maine Inland Fish and Game Commis- sion, spoke of the large gains that had been made in fish and game legislation. The closed season for moose and the lowering of the non-resident license were referred to. A resident hunter’s license was advocated. Mr. Austin well said: “The mass of special and private laws is making us the laughing stock of 167 the other States.” He referred to the 700 speciai laws which were wiped out two years ago and deplored the fact that many of them had found their way back into the statute books. Maine is not much, if any, ahead of a number of other States which delight in the game law industry but we believe it will not be long before the sportsmen become aware of the fact that it does not pay to produce hundreds of game laws every year, and year after year to shorten the season, limit the bag and, finally to prohibit field sports. Ohio ac- quired a resident license and laws pro- hibiting quail shooting, dove shooting and since there are no deer, wild turkeys, prairie grouse, and only a very few ruffed grouse and wild ducks in the State it became evident that it was hardly worth while to acquire a license to shoot and the practical prohibition of shooting at the same time. It is now legal to have pheasants in Ohio. — The Convention Habit The Maine sportsmen seem to have acquired the convention habit. They meet and have a good time; a little trap shooting, dancing, dining and card play- ing. They meet the politicians, candi- dates for governor and other offices; they resolve on tinkering the game laws; creating more officers, but it never seems to occur to them that they should have “more game and fewer game laws.” We would suggest that they study the game breeders’ enactments now on the books in many States and that it would be wise for some of the Maine sports- men to investigate the shooting in places where game always is abundant. A Game Breeders Law Needed. The Lamar Democrat, under the head- : ; a ee ing, “Missouri Sportsmen’s Extremity, says: About two more years will finish up the squirrels. The quail is just about extinct. Ducks are getting scarce. About the only thing for a real sportsman to do is to spit on his hands and get him a fly swatter. Missouri should at once enact a law encouraging the profitable breeding of game. The Oklahoma law would be a 168 good one to copy. Breeders’ laws have resulted in a big lot of game being produced annually in many of the States. New York, New Jersey, Massachusetts rapidly are becoming game producing States. Much of the game is sold in the markets. Proposed New Conservation Commis- sion for New York. The committee on conservation of the Constitutional Convention has reported, or soon will report, to the convention a proposition for a commission to consist of nine unpaid members, each to serve a term of nine years, one to be appointed by the Governor from each of the judi- cial districts of the State. The nine members are to appoint a superintendent who will be the executive head. The idea of having a game commission to serve for a long term of years is good. Our State game officers, appointed for one or two years, never have been able to accomplish much. Some of them have found it necessary to devote much of their time to politics. The game com- mission in Massachusetts has done good work because various governors (elected for very short terms) have decided to let the commission carry on its good work. A Grand Prix “For Modern Arms and Ammunition.” There is much interest among sports- men in the announcement, that the Su- perior Jury of the Panama-Pacific Inter- national Exposition, have awarded the Remington Arms-Union Metallic Cart- ridge Company the Grand Prix—highest of honors—‘“for modern firearms and ammunition.” This distinction is all the more creditable when it is considered that the exposition is international in character—exhibits being entered not only from the United States, but from many foreign countries. An Absent Minded Bostonian. We received in the mail the money for a subscription to The Game Breeder with nothing to indicate from whom it came excepting the postmark on the envelope —‘Boston.” Since we had sent a large mail to Boston it was impossible to de- THE GAME BREEDER termine who sent the money. It was wrapped up in our circular letter which simply was addressed “Dear Sir,” being sent broadcast as such letters are, the writer evidently thought the return of the circular letter would indicate the sender of the money, but the best we can do is to enter “Dear Sir” on our subscription list and hold the magazine for a better address. ela Game Abundant in Massachusetts. We often wonder if the Massachu: setts game .commissioners realize the im- portance of the work they have accom- plished and if the people of the State realize how much excellent food has been produced. Where game is made so abundant that sentimentalists are horri- fied at the amount of food birds de- stroyed and eaten, when they complain in the newspapers, as they did last fall about the shooting,.the people should take notice that most capable officers have made it possible for those who wish to do so to have an abundance of a highly desirable food. We suggested at the time that the “mollycoddles” get after those who produced poultry and other foods and that they give the game breeders a rest. Oklahoma a Good Place. A clipping sent to The Game Breeder says that Hon. James W. Gerard, U. S. Ambassador to Germany, has written to a real estate dealer in Oklahoma that he wishes to purchase a large place for shooting. No better State could be se- lected. Oklahoma has just enacted one of the most liberal game breeders’ laws and all species of game can now be profitably produced there. When a few good game farms and preserves are started the State should have a boom. Lands used for game can be made more profitable than lands used for cattle breeding or farming. The game, in fact, can be made to yield an additional reyv- enue to the farms since many species are beneficial and the harm done by those which are harmful can be largely prevented by the use of scare boys and in other ways known to game farmers and preserve owners. THE GAME BREEDER 169 THE PRAIRIE GROUSE. Fourth Paper. BY D. W. HUNTINGTON. I have made excellent bags of prairie grouse in many of the prairie states when the birds were abundant. I had no thoughts then of the necessity for pre- serving and paid very little attention to the food habits of the birds, but, of course I observed that both the prairie grouse and the northern sharp-tailed grouse were more plentiful in certain places where natural foods were abund- ant and where the long grasses and the wild roses offered protection from their natural enemies. Wild sunflowers, wild roses, sumac and the prairie grass were abundant in the places where the grouse were most plentiful, and those who would restore the grouse and keep them plentiful should restore the prairie grass and the other covers and foods men- tioned, and still others referred to later. When shooting in more recent years on ground where corn and wheat were grown we found the birds in the stubbles and corn fields and undoubtedly the grain constituted a large part of their autumn and winter food. The birds easily could be fed on grain in the winter and, hav- ing proper cover including briars of the rose, blackberry and others, it should be an easy matter to preserve the game in cultivated regions, provided always they have grass for nesting sites. The rose hips are a very important winter food since they can be procured above the snow and are said to be both grit and food. On many of the big wheat farms where every sunflower and wild rose and every other cover and food including the prairie grass had been removed and where the grouse had no protection from their natural enemies, to which they were unduly exposed, they quickly dis- appeared entirely throughout vast re- gions. I have tramped for miles over such ground without finding a single grouse and I observed that the hawks were plentiful, using the telegraph and. telephone poles as lookout places from which they easily could see any moving object in the fields below. One can read- ily imagine that the grouse can not exist on wide areas planted with fall wheat since they have neither cover nor food at the time when they are most needed. It would be an easy and profitable matter to convert the great bonanza wheat farms into game preserves where thousands of birds could be shot every season without danger of extermination. Some of the land should be devoted to grass, wild roses, weeds, sumac and other foods and covers, and the better way would be to plant these foods and covers in long strips between the fields where the wheat is grown. The vast corn fields of Illinois, Kan- sas and other corn States have afforded much protection to the grouse, but when the corn is harvested the birds are ex- posed to their natural enemies and the introduction of prairie grass and rose and other briars would result in saving many birds. Their natural enemies should be controlled, of course, to make a place for the shooting. On the moors of Scotland, since game keepers have been employed to exterminate the ver- min, the grouse have increased in num- bers rapidly although thousands of birds are shot every season. Grouse should not be bred in captivity. They should be bred wild in protected fields where the natural conditions have been restored, partly at least. Mr. Judd, in his excellent bulletin to which I have referred, has listed the foods of the prairie grouse and since the bulletin is out of print I shall quote from it at length. Those who would pre- serve the grouse will find that if they will restore some of the more important foods enumerated and if they will de- stroy some of the natural enemies of the grouse that it will be an easy matter to keep the birds plentiful and the shooting 170 good. Success surely will follow the restocking of thousands of miles of the former range of the grouse provided the work be undertaken in the proper way and competent game keepers be em- ployed to look after the game. Mr. Judd says for the purposes of his report the contents of 71 stomachs of prairie hens were examined. Fortun- ately this material represents not only THE GAME BREEDER the shooting season, but all other months except July. Most of the stomachs came from the Dakotas, Minnesota, Iowa, Wisconsin, Nebraska and Texas. Illinois and Ontario furnished the rest. — The food consisted of 14.11 per cent. animal matter and 85.87 per cent. vege- table matter. / the latter seeds, fruit and grain, leaves, — flowers and bud twigs. (To be continued.) ELEVEN IMPORTANT WILD DUCK FOODS. — Fourth Paper. By W. L. EEL-GRASS. Value as Duck Food. Few who have written of the habits of sea brant have failed to mention its fondness for eel-grass. The relation be- tween this species of bird and plant seems to be as close as, if not closer than, that existing between the noted fresh-water pair, the canvasback duck and wild celery. So far as investiga- tions of the food of the brant are con- cerned the published record is thorough- ly substantiated. All normal stomach contents of the common brant thus far examined consisted exclusively of eel- grass. Other salt-water fowl also feed on eel-grass, as the surf and white- winged scoters. Six birds of the latter species collected at Netarts Bay, Oregon, had made 43 per cent. of their last meal of it. The list of other ducks feeding on the plant includes the golden-eye, old squaw, bufflehead, mallard and black duck, the last-named species sometimes devouring the seeds of eel-grass in large numbers. The stomachs of 5 black ducks collected at Amityville, Long Island, N. Y., in October and November, contained on the average more than 66 per cent. of eel-grass seeds, the number of seeds per stomach varying from 700 to 4,000. Eleven birds taken at Scarboro, Me., during the same months had eaten enough eel-grass seeds to make up 51 per cent. of their food. In three cases fully 2,000 seeds had been taken. Thir- McATEE. teen ducks of the same species collected in Massachusetts in January and Febru- ary had taken eel-grass, including both seeds and leaves, to the extent of more than 11 per cent. of their teo0diydine wigeon, a species which prefers foliage to the seeds and roots of aquatic plants, sometimes visits salt water to feed upon this plant. Five of these birds taken at South Island, Souh Carolina, in Febru- ary, had made one-fourth of their meal of the leaves of eel-grass. Description of Plant. Eel-grass (Zostera marina) consists ‘of bunches of long tapelike leaves which rise from a jointed fibrous-rooted creep- ing stem (Fig. 13). The leaves bear a strong superficial resemblance to those of wild celery, but they are rarely more than _ a fourth of an inch wide, while those of wild celery are seldom as narrow. The leaf of eel-grass, furthermore, is tougher and more leathery than that of wild cel- ery. When a mature leaf is torn across, numerous white fibers may be seen at the broken ends. Wild celery lacks these. The color of eel-grass leaves is olive or dark green, that of wild celery clear light green.* The leaves grow in small bundles *Under the microscope the leaves of these two plants are very unlike. The Chlorophyll granules of Zosteria are arranged in regular longitudinal rows, and the edge of the leaf is smooth. The Chlorophyll granules of Vallts- neria, on the contrary, are irregularly arranged and the edge of the leaf is sparingly beset with minute teeth. The former was insects; — Ps \ THE GAME BREEDER 171 Fig. 13 —Eel-grass. from the end of the rootstock or its branches, and may reach a length of 6 feet. The rootstocks, which usually are reddish, have joints about every half inch, at which they are easily broken. The numerous fibrous roots spring from these joints. Seeds of eel-grass are formed in sheaths alongside the leaves. They are about one-eighth of an inch in length, are placed end to end, and are barrel-shaped, with the surface conspic- uously longitudinally ribbed (Fig. 14). Kel-grass has numerous common names, among which we may cite sea-wrack or -grass-wrack, sea-, sweet-, barnacle-, turtle- and wigeon-grass. Distribution. Fel-grass is strictly a maritime spe- cies. In its natural habitat it is cosmo- politan. In North America it is found from Greenland to the Gulf of Mexico, and from Alaska to California. Propagation. This plant grows only in salt water. It is common along shores facing the open ocean, but also grows in bays and Fig. 14.—Seeds of Eel-grass. even lagoons where the water must be far less salt than the sea. The seeds are not well protected against drying and for that reason are unsuitable for trans- planting. Moreover, unless they can be "They undoubtedly can be preserved in cold storage in salt water, but considering the lim- ited use that can be made by seeds on account of the heavy wash along most shores, this probably would not be profitable. sown in a very quiet place the chances are against securing a catch. The root- stocks, however, are rather tough and resistant and, furthermroe, can be fas- tened to the bottom. They must not be allowed to dry, but should be shipped wet and handled as rapidly as possible. Bury or fasten to the bottom in water a few feet deep where there is little surf. Once established the plant will spread to more exposed areas. ——_>_—_- More game and fewer game laws. 172 THE GAME BREEDER . THE GRAYLING. By Hon. M. D. Batpwin, Game and Fish Commissioner of Montana. The game and fish commission having recently planted in the waters of Flat- head valley nearly a million grayling fry, it may be of some interest to the public to give a brief description of this beau- tiful fish known for its active and gamy qualities as well as for its delicious flavor. There are three species of the gray- ling found in American waters, the Michigan Arctic or Alaska, and Monta- na Grayling. The grayling agrees very closely with the Salmono idea in external character and habits, and they are re- garded by some as intermediate between the white fish and trout. Only the Mon- tana grayling receives the attention of fish culturists. Its technical name, “Thy- mallus tricolor montanus,” is said to be due to the fact that it feeds on water- thyme—which it smells very strongly of when first taken out of the water. St. Ambrose, the bishop of Milan, calls the grayling “the flower of fishes,” and the French call the grayling “ununble che- valier,’ and say he feeds on gold. There is no species of fish sought for by anglers that surpasses the grayling in beauty. They are more elegantly formed and more graceful than the trout. The caudal fin is strongly forked, its colora- tion is gorgeous and their great pluce- like dorsal fin is of remarkable beauty. The color of the back is dark grey, with purplish reflection; the sides of the head and body are lighter, with purplish irri- discence; the belly is pure white, and there are a few v-shaped black spots on the anterior of the body; a dark heavy line, most distinct in males, extends along the upper border of the belly from ventral to pectoral fin. Its crowning glory, its immense plume-like dorsal fin, is dotted with large brilliant bluish pur- ple spots surrounded with splendid emerald green, which fade after death. The Montana grayling is native only in streams emptying into the Missouri river above the Great Falls, principally in Smith or Deep river and its tributaries in the Little Belt mountains, the Sun river, Jefferson, Gallatin and Madison ~ rivers and their affluents. It prefers — streams of clear cold water. The spawn- ing season of the Montana grayling is in April and May, depending upon the tem- — perature of the water. In the North ~ Fork of the Madison river the water is — comparatively warm, and the grayling spawns a month earlier than in other waters of Montana. The artificial propagation of Montana grayling was begun at the United States Hatchery at Bozeman in 1898, and in 1899 upwards of four and one-half mil- lion fry were distributed from this hatchery. The number of eggs varies from 2,000 to 4,000 to the fish. As to its game qualities, the Montana grayling is regarded as fully the equal of the brook trout and cut-throat trout. It puts up a good fight, and often leaps above the surface of the water when ~ hooked. It takes the artificial fly, grass- — hopper, angle worm and similar bait. — The best artificial flies to use are those with bodies of peacock, or yellow-bodied flies, as Professor, Queen of the Water, brown and gray Hackle and the like. Small flies should be used on hooks Nos. 10 and 12. Grayling may be taken from May to November, the best time being in the summer. The average size of this fish is from ten to fourteen inches in — length, and from one-half to one pound ~ in weight, although many attain a length of twenty inches and a weight of two — pounds or more. The grayling is not native to the waters west of the Rocky mountains, but — several years ago fry from the Bozeman ~ hatchery were planted in Georgetown — Lake, an artificial body of water about eighteen miles from Anaconda. This lake is nearly ten miles in length and about one mile in width, and the success of the grayling in this lake has been re- THE GAME BREEDER markable. Georgetown Lake is now fairly alive with grayling, which afford tare sport to the Butte and Anaconda anglers. This lake is also well stocked with cut-throat, rainbow and eastern brook trout, and owing to the abundance of fresh water shrimp and other fish food in the lake, there is no reason why its reputation as a fishing resort should deteriorate. To Mr. E. P. Mathewson, chairman of the game and fish commission, more than any other, is justly due the credit for the fish prosperity in Georgetown Lake. ’ Hon. Walter M. Bickford, of Missou- la, also a member of the fish and game commission, has written a very interest- ing article about the Montana grayling which was published in the last annual report of the American Fisheries society. The anglers of Montana are indebted to Mr. Bickford for the good work he has accomplished in the matter of stocking the waters of Montana with trout and grayling, and it is with much gratifica- tion to the writer to serve upon a board 173 containing men like Judge Bickford and E. P. Mathewson, who have so disin- terestedly and zealously devoted their time and best efforts towards making Montana the best State in the Union for those fond of the rod, gun and field sports. Grayling fry have heretofore been planted in several of the streams of Flat- head county, but with what success we are unable to say. Nearly three years ago, Grayling fry were planted in Bitter Root Lake near Marion and to-day many grayling are being caught in this lake. Owing to the success of the grayling in Georgetown as well as Bitter Root Lake, it is believed desirable to stock our lakes with grayling as well as trout, hence the large consignment of grayling just received from the Anaconda hatch- ery will be planted in the lakes of Flat- head county, and it is the purpose of the game and fish commission to keep the waters of Flathead county well stocked with grayling as well as other desirable fish. THE MOUNTAIN QUAIL. By Haroip C. Bryant. The mountain quail, sometimes known as the plumed quail or mountain part- ridge, is the largest and most beautiful of all the members of the quail family found in North America. The bird is found throughout the mountainous dis- tricts of California from the Oregon line to the Maxican line. Along the north- west coast region this quail is of a darker color and is, therefore, considered a dif- ferent variety. This coast form is usually called the mountain quail by scientists, whereas the one found in the Sierras is called the plume quail. As a rule the mountain quail of the Sierras dwells above 5,000 feet altitude, but dur- ing the winter season it is found lower down and sometimes even associated with valley quail. The coast form dwells at much lower altitudes. On the eastern bases of the southern ranges the moun- tain quail occurs about springs well out on to the desert. From other quail found in Galtionne the mountain quail may be distinguished by its large size, rich chestnut throat and flanks, sides broadly banded with white, and by the long crest plume made up of two jet black feathers. Whereas the crest of the valley quail hangs over the bill, that of the mountain quail is either erect or pointed backward. The two sexes of the mountain quail are so near alike that the two are hard to separate unless a close view of the crest can be had. The crest of the female is con- siderably shorter. The mating season begins the latter part of March or the first of April. By May nests are to be found. They are constructed of leaves, pine needles or grass placed in a small depression and 174. . usually under the protection of an over- hanging rock, log, bush or tuft of grass. From six to fifteen eggs of a pale red- dish buff color are laid. The earliest date at which a complete set of eggs has been found is April 7, and the latest August 15. The usual statement that an egg is laid each day is probably not literally true, for, at least in one case, additional eggs were found in the nest every other day. During July and August young moun- tain quail are very much in evidence. They are cared for by one or both of the parents and some people believe that the male bird sometimes cares for a brood while the female is incubating a second set of eggs. The young, unlike adults, often take flight and seek cover in trees or brush. When well hidden one may almost step on the little fellows before they will fly. Mountain quail are noted for their al- titudinal migrations. Even before the snow begins to fall flocks of the birds may be seen traveling to lower altitudes. They travel almost wholly “on foot,” usually following along the ridges. By October 1 most of them have abandoned elevations above 5,000 feet, and when the winter snows arrive they have found a habitat far more congenial. In the early spring and summer they begin their upward journey. At this time of year they are seldom seen in large flocks, but ascend singly or in pair and follow up the ridges as the snow melts from the ground. The food of the mountain quail con- sists very largely of vegetable matter— seeds, fruit and leaves. A very few grasshoppers, beetles and ants are taken. The mountain quail .is a vigorous scratcher and will jump a foot or more from the ground to nip off leaves. In the fall the service berry is a staple arti- cle of diet. The large size and exquisite coloring of the mountain quail make it an at- THE GAME BREEDER tractive bird to the hunter. Its flesh also is excellent, being declared juicier than that of the valley quail. The scarcity of birds and the difficulty attendant upon reaching their habitat alone deter many from hunting this quail. As a rule mountain quail when hunted in the brush run some distance before flying and then rise singly, so that only one can usually be killed at a shot. Hence a limit bag is hard to obtain. However, when these quail are numerous in the foothills dur- ing the winter they sometimes become so befuddled that they can be driven into a shed or cage and captured by hand. In former years mountain quail were very numerous and were commonly sold on the markets in San Francisco. They were trapped in the high Sierras and sent to the markets alive. Owing to the migratory movements of the mountain quail it is only just that the season open earlier in the foothills of the Sierras than in the coast region. Otherwise the birds are not available to the hunter on the western slope of the Sierra Nevada. In the coast region the migratory movements of this quail are not so noticeable and there is not the same necessity for an early season. The rapid diminution in the number of mountain quail has already given hunters and others considerable concern. A few years ago'a close season of five years was given this bird. When the season was again opened an increase of. birds was to be noted. Apparently the main thing needed with such a prolific species as the quail is proper protection. There should always be a home for the mountain quail, for it inhabits the uncul- tivated districts and is therefore not sub- ject to any great degree to the destruc- tive forces of encroaching civilization. A short season and small bag limit with an entire close season for a term of years when the species is too greatly reduced should be sufficient to ensure the per- manency of this beautiful game species. iting so ae, aS i 3 ¢ THE GAME BREEDER 175 CHINESE PHEASANTS. By Professor W. H. O ttn, Industrial Commissioner D. L. & N. W. Ry. and Ex-Professor Agronomy, Colo- rado Agricultural College. The pheasant, especially the Chinese ring-neck and English varieties, are the most valuable insectivorous birds, as well as the most attractive and eagerly sought game bird of all the species that can be reared in captivity or in a semi-domestic way and be kept in the district in which it is propagated. The great majority in numbers and kinds of the insectivorous birds are mi- gratory—are only with us a short time— while the pheasant, especially the kinds above mentioned, become attached to the locality and will breed and remain there as long as they are protected and can secure food. Thousands of these gorgeously plumed pheasants with a wealth of feathered adornment, some of which shine in the sunlight as burnished gold and bronze ot many shadings, with grace of form and. carriage, (the private property of W. F. Kendrick, in charge of his game keeper), are kept on exhibit at City Park, Denver, for the education and entertainment of the visitors. Thousands of tourists as well as local people visit this exhibit and carry away many pleasant memories, giving City Park an international reputa- tion, yet few realize their economic value other than their beauty, which al- ways appeals to the finer sentiment and love of nature’s inimitable handiwork. Within another year the popularity of the pheasant because of its usefulness, which even exceeds its great beauty, will become extensively recognized through- out America. The pheasant is naturally an insectiv- orous bird, and where such food is ob- tainable he will eat comparatively little else. The variety of the insect food of the pheasant is larger than any other bird, so far as known. Investigation showed that over 130 species of insects, including earthworms, are eaten by the pheasant, 1 and doubtless many more will’ be found to share in its menu. In addition to this it is especially fond of small rodents, such as field mice, young gophers and small snakes. In England a number of pheasants have been found choked to death in the attempt to swallow worms larger or longer than they could manage; also several pheasants have been found dead, choked on _ small rodents. The keeper of most any large pheasan- try has seen his pheasants catch mice that were stealing the grain from the birds. This is verified by Mr. Fred Bar- nett, superintendent of the pheasantries at City Park, Denver, Colo. Mr. Barnett says that a pheasant hen will catch and destroy a mouse as quickly as a cock pheasant or cat, as he has frequently watched them in the act. They usually pick the head off first, then tear and eat the body or swallow the small ones whole. Among the insects destroyed by the pheasant are included smelling bugs, that most birds will not touch—this makes these birds more valuable to the farmer than any other. Prominent among the pests ravenously destroyed are the Colorado potato beetle, the squash bug, the cucumber beetle, the bean leaf beetle, tomato worms, cut worms and the millers which deposit the eggs for the wire worms. The pheas- ant also digs for and eats the wire worms, as it does all ground worms and bugs, and practically all kinds of ground beetles. Most birds avoid the potato and other bad smelling bugs on account of their obnoxious odors, but the pheas- ant hunts and eats them. The Southern people are importing the pheasant to eat the cotton boll weevil and its larvae, stating that one pheasant will eat as many of the destructive pest as a number of quail. Many of the in- 176 sects that are injurious to the corn crop are destroyed by the pheasant, and the pheasant will not attack the grain or ear of the corn until late in the season, after insect food is scarce. The professors of agronomy of our agricultural colleges state that the chinch bug, which destroys $100,000,000 worth of wheat annually, is hunted and eaten by the pheasant, both summer and win- ter; also the bugs and insects which de- stroy the foliage, especially of ground plants and crops of the farmer. The difference between the pheasant and the ordinary fowl in eating insects is largely that the pheasant is continually hunting for the eggs and larvae of in- sects. In the grain fields and meadows the insect eggs are usually laid on the under side of the leaves of the plants. The pheasant as it passes through the growing grain keeps its head near the ground and turns one eye up and the other down so it sees the larvae and eggs on the under side of the leaf. It takes hold of the leaf with its bill, throws its head up and clears the plant of the eggs and larvae without injuring the leaf; thus in one stroke destroys four or five or possibly one hundred embryo in- sects and in a single meal often destroys many thousands of insects in the egg and larvae form, which, when matured, would have destroyed a large amount of crops, and furnish enough bug food for a turkey gobbler for several years. The pheasant destroys the pests before they do any damage to the farmer’s crops; the turkey and common poultry afterward. Pheasants are fond of grasshopper eggs, especially those of the locust, that deposit their eggs in the earth in dry . places, and also larvae of any insect that may be found there. Pheasants in cap- _ tivity have been known to dig up light ground, where there were many larvae, so that they dug under the fence four inches in the ground. On examination this ground was found to contain insect eggs and larvae of insects. The pheasant chooses the dandelion and the bulbs of buttercups as two of its greatest vegetable delicacies. He eats but comparatively few buds from bushes and trees, excepting in severe winters. THE GAME BREEDER In this way he is quite different from the — grouse. Of the grasses he has liking for — white and red clover, alfalfa and red and — yellow sorrel, but when there are plenty — of dandelions and buttercups he will make those his principal vegetable diet. In the winter time pheasants can be — seen turning over forest leaves and ex- amining them and picking off the larvae — of different tree insects deposited on the — under side of the leaves; also picking — over the top soil around bushes and trees — for the bugs and larvae. . Along the streams and wet grounds the pheasant finds many snails and crus- _ tations for food. The pheasant being a — terrestrial, it eats mostly from the ‘ground or within twelve inches of same when food is abundant, and seldom eats — grain, such as wheat, oats and barley, until late in the season, after it has been — harvested and threshed, when insect life — is scarce, It cleans up the grain stubble fields, being especially fond of buck- wheat, millet and common ordinary wheat, and when hungry will eat most any kind of grain, including beans. Tegetmeier says: “The value of pheasants to the agriculturist is scarcely sufficiently appreciated ; the birds destroy enormous numbers of injurious insects— upwards of 1,200 wire worms have been taken out of the crop of a pheasant; if 4 this number was consumed in a single meal the total destroyed must be almost incredible. “There is no doubt that insects are preferred to grain. One pheasant shot at the close of the shooting season had in his crop 726 wire worms, one acorn, one snail, 9 berries and 3 grains of wheat. — From the crop of another pheasant 440 ‘grubs of the crane fly and the daddy- longlegs—these larvae are exceedingly destructive to luscous vegetables. From the crop of another pheasant 48 snail shells were taken. Eight young vipers, weighing about one-fourth of an ounce each, were taken from the crop of a hen pheasant. “An instance is reported in the Lon-— don field of a pheasant which, when found, had swallowed about six inches of a viper, whilst about eight inches of the tail part of the reptile was protrud- THE GAME ing from the mouth of the bird; both the bird and the viper were dead. “Another instance is recorded of a pheasant which, on being killed, had no less than 1,225 leather jackets—a most destructive larvae—in its crop. It is fond of carrots, potatoes, beets, cabbage and turnips in the winter time although if dandelions are fed to caged pheasants they will eat them in prefer- ence to most any vegetable food, roots and all. The pheasant is also very fond of many of the wild weed seeds, such as legumes, thistles, especially the burr this- tle, wild carrots, sunflowers, wild lettuce, mayweed, marsh elder and mustard seeds. As a table food, and also as a game bird, the pheasant has been held as the leading bird for these two qualities by the kings, royalty, wealth and educated people of the world for more than two thousand years’as being of the greatest sport and richest delicacy. No other bird has held such a position, and it will be a long time before any other bird can gain such distinction. The home of the Chinese ring-neck is largely in the mountains, as well as in the valleys of China, and they are ac- customed to very severe weather, as it inhabits the high altitudes, and yet adapts itself to the lower altitudes, as low .as sea level. It is a thoroughbred bird and has been imported into England in considerable numbers to breed up the English pheasant. Chinese ring-neck pheasants are doing well, liberated in the mountains of Colo- rado up to 9,000 feet altitude. BREEDER 177 The Feathered World, London; Frank Finn, F. Z. S., says: “The Chinese pheasant, like his human fellow country- men, is very hardy, and will thrive any- where, bearing the cold of a northern United States winter and the heat of a Bengal summer quite well. It is also a good breeder and bears confinement well.” The government statistics show that the damages done to the growing crops by insect pests, largely owing to the de- struction of insectivorous birds, is esti- mated at something like $800,000,000 per annum. This amount would feed and care for many millions of pheasants and other insectivorous birds. At the last annual meeting of the New York Zoological Society $60,000 was given to be used entirely for the study of pheasants and the best methods to be adopted for the introduction and distrib- uting of these birds into the United States. » In a number of States the next Legis- lature will be asked to pass liberal ap- propriations for propagating the pheas- ant and other insectivorous and game birds and the distribution of literature to instruct and aid the people in the hatch- ing of the eggs and rearing of the birds about their country homes. If every farmer, landowner and bird- lover in the country would either secure a setting of pheasant eggs and hatch them under a common hen and rear them like young chickens, or buy a pair of these birds, the problem of how to de- stroy insects would soon be solved, and I would recommend that farmers avail themselves of this economic opportunity. ae FUR FARMING. J. E. Brices. Fur farming for profit, or the success- ful raising of fur-bearing animals in cap- tivity has now passed the experimental stage; the average well-informed man has heard of the fabulous fortunes made during the past decade in the raising of silver black foxes on Prince Edward Isl- and, and now this industry alone has extended to the country adjacent thereto and grown to large proportions, hence we find that fur farming is rapidly com- ing to its own, and will in the future form a splendid field of labor for many intelligent young men who possess a 178 fondness for healthful country life and a warm place in their hearts for the most beautiful and interesting of our country’s fast disappearing wild animal life. In years gone by our sturdy pioneers depended largely upon the furs of wild animals for clothing for themselves and families and also for the furnishing of their homes. While the march of prog- ress has made these same furs largely articles of adornment, the advent of the automobile and its general use together with the increasing custom and desire for out of door life adds an ever-grow- ing demand for fine, warm furs. The ever onward rush of our civiliza- THE GAME BREEDER tion, the converting of nature’s “silent places” into the haunts of men has nat- urally crowded our fur bearers back like “Lo the poor Indian” almost to their extinction, therefore it becomes impera- tive that man come to their assistance if this and future generations are to wear furs. Surely the practical fur farmer has a golden opportunity before him. [The propagation of fur bearing animals requires the same amount of industry which is needed to save the game and make it plentiful and cheap in the markets. Since the fur bearers are destructive to game many of them should be bred in captivity. Where the fox is preserved as a sporting proposition he should be bred wild—The Editor.] THE CALIFORNIA VALLEY QUAIL AND INTRODUCED GAME BIRDS. By GrEorGE NEALE, Assistant, California Fish and Game Commission. Civilization and population forcing it- self westward and into communities where game is or was once abundant, make new measures necessary in order to protect the existing game fauna of California. When these measures are not taken, history shows that certain species,those most easily killed or cap- tured and those whose -reproduction is less prolific, will be eventually extermi- nated. The band-tailed pigeon is a good ex- ample of a species nearing extinction. This bird was once almost as numerous in California as the passenger pigeon was in the eastern and middle states. Only a remnant of the former numbers now remains. The records of the cloud- obscuring flights of the passenger pigeon seem ‘like a fable, except to those who - have seen and know. . The few remain- ing mourning doves, once so numerous in California, furnish another example of the passing of species. The western mourning dove, sometimes called Caro- lina dove, is nearly as strictly migratory as waterfowl. Especially in northern California is the dove a resident species. It nests throughout the State but its win- ter home is the southwestern portion of the United States as far as Mexico. The writer has seen the fall migration through New Mexico and along the line of the Mexican Central Railroad from the Rio Grande nearly to Mexico City. It is true that some doves remain in the south- ern valley portion of the State the whole year, as do a few migratory ducks and other birds. Our laws have not given the dove proper protection. We have permitted them to be killed in the nesting season and on the nesting grounds, in what we term the open season. If this killing were permitted on the northern breeding grounds of the ducks and other water- fowl, what a protest would be made from California! From my own obser- vation it is a conservative statement to say that the dove and band-tailed pigeon have decreased eighty per cent. in north- ern and central California in the last twenty-five years. The most flagrant cause of the near extermination of species is to be found in the unthinking or uncaring attitude of the people of the State. An added fac- tor to be considered is the fact that cer- THE GAME BREEDER tain species are not prolific in their repro- duction, rarely having more than one or two eggs. Hence, in many seasons the whole, or at least part of the total in- crease of these birds may be destroyed by predatory animals or by human beings. This is true not only of the family Co- lumbide to which the dove and pigeon belong but of the family Ardeidz (egrets, herons, etc.) which are so much sought for by plume hunters, especially in the mating season. These birds are of a confiding nature, easily approached on the nest, and so make an easy prey to the gunner or netter. Consequently, our ef- forts should be .centered in protecting those birds which are under natural dis- advantages. But this is not enough: all of our game birds need to be intelligently conserved. The protection now given many spe- cies of migratory birds by the United States Department of Agriculture have a beneficial effect in perpetuating those birds not entirely exterminated. The only game bird that has proved itself able to survive in the face of all the obstacles presented by encroaching civilization is the California valley quail (Lophortyx californica). This bird is able to care for himself under any and all existing conditions if given a square deal. It adapts itself readily to all con- ditions, and is the peer of any game bird in the world. This bird is also capable of taking the conceit out of any cham- pion at the traps, and makes a dog well- trained on other game look like a tyro. It uses judgment in flight, when flushed, which a military expert would call mas- terly; and even when wounded it shows all the qualities of a strategist. Always willing to match its brains against those of the gunner, it, in most instances, meets with success. In egg production the valley quail excels all other game birds, not excepting the pheasant, part- ridge, grouse or sage hen, scarcely ever laying less than eighteen eggs at one year old, and at three years frequently laying twenty-two or more eggs. Furthermore, it usually succeeds in hatching and rais- ing all or a very large percentage, and frequently hatches a second brood. This is nearly always the case if the first nest 179 is destroyed. Quail eat almost any seed or wild berry. Noxious weed seeds are destroyed in great numbers; hence they are most useful birds to the farmer, orchardist or vineyardist. I believe the quail ranks highest as an insectivorous game bird. The quail is one of the only game birds which is attracted by civilization, and if not molested this bird will make its home near a farm cottage. The val- ley quail is king of all he surveys, pug- nacious to a high degree, and will hold his own against any other bird encroach- ing on his domain. He is always true to his mate, is invariable non-polygamous and always chooses his own mate in captivity or freedom. This bird has survived a four months’ open. season with a bag limit of twenty per day, or 140 per week. It has been hunted with the best dogs in the world, chased with something like 121,664 au- tomobiles fully armed, and rapid fire automatic and. pump guns in the hands of 159,164 hunters. It is surely a mar- vel that any of these birds still remain. The range of the valley quail in north- ern California is from sea level to 3,000 feet above, rarely ever being found above this elevation. The valley quail is not migratory, except under adverse food conditions. Only at times do they wan- der far from their feeding grounds, and they invariably return each season to the place where they were raised. In over thirty years’ experience in the field with this bird, from the south line of its range to its northern limits, I have never seen a sick or diseased valley quail. They are strong moulters, and this perhaps insures their being practi- cally immune from disease. Of all the gallinaceous birds, Lophortyx californica is the fittest representative of the game bird family. Hence he will continue to prove the survival of the fittest. If the time ever arrives in California when all our game is on the verge of extermina- tion, this grand game bird will be one of the last to disappear. Our efforts to avert this rapid exter- mination of bird life by the introduction of new species of game birds into Cali- fornia has not met with success commen- 180 surate with the expenditures of money. One reason for this may be the pugnacity of native game species. Wherever other varieties of game birds not native to California have been introduced on lands where California valley quail live, failure has always followed. This bird will always fight against the usurpation of his territory by other birds. It will attack a cock pheasant as readily as a small bird. Hence there are good rea- sons why it should be the one dominant game bird. The following instance of pugnacity on the part of the valley quail has come to my notice. Mr. Hollenbeck, of Ryer Island, California, who is a great lover of birds and animals, encouraged a large band of quail to remain on his land by prohibiting shooting. He fed the birds every few days, and they became so- tame that they even came inside the house when called. In fact, they were so tame as to almost be a nuisance. Knowing Mr. Hollenbeck’s fondness for birds, I obtained for him some ring- necked pheasants. The quail, however, have driven away these pheasants, so that they are now to be found only in localities where quail are not found. There may still be another reason why introduced game has not increased. Many people believe that all that is necessary in the introduction of a game bird into any locality is just a matter of securing the species to be introduced; giving the birds their liberty and awaiting favor- able results. But the fact that a Master THE GAME BREEDER Hand has not only distributed game birds and animals, but has adjusted the flora and fauna of the universe to cer- tain life zones most suited to their ex- istence, is often overlooked. We must know the conditions and seek to intro- duce such birds as will thrive under them. No game bird has as yet been introduced proven to be adapted to the geographical and climatic conditions obtaining here. One of the principal reasons for our failure in the introduction of game birds in the past has been that none but ground-roosting birds have been selected. As a result they have been attacked by predatory animals. These latter are possibly of a larger variety and more numerous in California than in any other State. The valley quail has at some time had to adapt itself to these condi- tions. This bird is now a tree or bush- roosting bird, and this makes it practi- cally immune from the depredations of these numerous animals. On the other hand the Hungarian partridge, bobwhite, pheasant and other quails are ground- roosting birds. Therefore these birds are subject to depredations from the many animals which roam and feed at night and cannot obtain the foothold which they should in California. Let us keep in mind our experiences of the past and see that birds more suited to our conditions are introduced —or, better still, that such hardy birds as the California valley quail are suffi- ciently protected to make stocking with foreign game birds unnecessary. NOTES FROM THE GAME FARMS AND PRESERVES. One of our New York wild duck breeders writes: “I have a great deal of trouble with the wire enclosures which I had for my ducks as the wire rots out in one season when it is in the water. Can you tell me where we can get the best wire for this purpose? I have the regular one-inch galvanized mesh wire but it does not seem to be much good.” The letter was referred to the supply department. There seems to be two methods of galvanizing wire one of which is much better than the other. It has been said that none of the galvan- ized wire made recently is as good as the wire made a few years ago, and that most of it rusts quickly. We should know what wire is the best and we shall be glad to hear from our readers if any of them have found a wire which will into California which has THE GAME BREEDER stand moisture for several seasons with- out rusting. Our idea is that readers of The Game Breeder should have the best of everything from guns and am- munition to pole traps, coops and wire and other appliances. We are quite sure they are getting the best game birds and eggs from our advertisers and we shall be glad to know what wire is the best. This only can be determined by those who use wire. A member of the Fishers Island Club says: “Our pheasants at the club were doing very well indeed and we had over 2,800 young birds growing well, but a few days ago the same disease struck them that they had last year, a scale in- sect that they pick up on the shrubbery cleans them out at the rate of about a hundred a day and there seems to be no way of eradicating this insect that we can find.” This matter should be investigated by the Bureau of Animal Industry of the U. S. Agricultural Department. Notes for our game census are com- ing in more rapidly than they did at first. We are surprised at many of the returns. People we believe had only a few birds report a few hundred. There are far more in the thousand class than we thought there were. Any one who visits the game breeders and club pre- serves where there were a few birds last year will often be surprised at the big numbers this season if he visits the breeding grounds. This is especially true of the small breeders who are breed- ing for commercial purposes. It also is true of many small clubs and individual preserves. The number of these is increas- ing rapidly. Our readers are again re- quested to send in their reports of the amount of game they own. A post-card will do. We are sending out thousands of letters and thousands of extra copies of The Game Breeder but the truth of the matter is the work is much bigger, more difficult and expensive than we be- lieved it would be. In many States which have not yet enacted our game breeders’ laws we find 181 the breeders are not eager to have it known how much game they own. They do not care to have game officers visit them and arrest them or threaten them as has been done in some instances. Al- though they believe, as we do, that they own the food they produce, they are aware that some ignorant game officers are still inclined to make trouble. Un- der these circumstances it is highly im- portant that we should not publish the names of hundreds of breeders and we have decided to only publish the total amount of game owned by breeders in the different States. ji It is gratifying to observe that there is a decided change of sentiment throughout the country and that outside of a few benighted regions where old- fashioned game officers still hold office, no objection is made to the game breed- ing industry. In many places it has be- come popular and is favored not, only by those who get game to eat but by sportsmen who find the “overflow” sur- prisingly attractive. One of our California readers writes that he purchased several thousand wild duck eggs last spring from our adver- tisers in three Eastern States. He says one large lot of eggs from a New Eng- land State came through in good condi- tion and that sixty-five per cent. of the eggs hatched. Another lot of eggs did fairly well but one lot of a few hundred eggs purchased from a third dealer did not produce a single duck. He thinks the eggs were held too long before being shipped and that they were shipped too late in the season. As he says in his letter Eastern breeders when they receive orders from California and other distant States should ship their eggs quickly after they are laid and they should also send eggs laid early. Contracts for eggs should specify the date of delivery. It is certainly unfair - to accept an order for eggs early in the season and to not deliver the eggs until June. We had a complaint about such a late shipment of a few thousand pheas- ant eggs which went to one of the Cen- tral States. 182 PusLisHED MONTHLY : Te Game Breeder Evitep sy DWIGHT W. HUNTINGTON NEW YORK, SEPTEMBER, 1915 TERMS: 10 Cents a Copy—$1.00 a year in Advance. Postage free to all subscribers in the United States. To All Foreign Countries and Canada, $1.25. THE GAME CONSERVATION SOCIETY, INC., PUBLISHERS, 150 NASSAU ST., NEW YORK D. W. Hunrineron, President, F. R. Perxorro, Treasurer, J. C. Huntineron, Secretary. Telephone, Beekman 3685. OUR GAME CENSUS. Work on the game census is proceed- ing rapidly and we are more and more surprised as the returns come in at the amount of game now owned by indi- vidual breeders, game farms and shoot- ing clubs. When Charles Hallock, the dean of sportsmen, wrote us stating that in his opinion our long fight for more game and fewer game laws had been won we could hardly believe that this keen old observer was right. The game law industry in many States which re- sulted in’ the enactment of hundreds of new restrictions appeared to be still flourishing and at times it seemed to offset the game breeders’enactments. We were not fully aware how many breeders there were in some States where the in- dustry had been legalized and we were not as fully posted as we now are about hundreds of game breeders in States where they appear to be conducting their _ industry without waiting for the enact- ment of breeders’ laws. It appears that hundreds of thousands of game eggs were sold by breeders last spring and since the increase of game is geometrical when it is properly looked after it is safe to say that in two or three years at most America will be the biggest game producing country in the world. _ The pheasants and wild ducks appear to be the most abundant according to re- THE GAME BREEDER turns thus far received but this is quite natural since in some States it still is criminal to look after quail and grouse profitably. taal: There are, however, hundreds of thou- sands of quail on the game farms and preserves conducted by our readers and the bags run over a thousand birds at many places. Enough elk and deer are now owned by breeders to quickly supply the New York markets with venison as soon as the law permits the sale of this desirable food. The figures of our census will prove a valuable aid to those interested in se- curing permissive legislation. They should disarm the pessimists who lament the loss of the game and seek large ap- propriations in order to secure more re- strictions. MORE GAME IN MINNESOTA. No good reason can be assigned why Minnesota, the land of sky-tinted waters, with its thousands of lakes and ponds which reflect the image of the sky, should not have wild fowl, grouse, quail and other game birds and venison cheap and plentiful in the markets during six months every year. There is an abund- ance of land and water suitable to the game which was abundant and if a very ‘small part of the vast area of the State can be utilized to profitably produce the desirable food the State game depart- ment can be made of great economic im- portance, the people can have plenty of game to eat at moderate prices and the sportsmen of all classes will be tre- — mendously benefited as they have been in other States which have enacted game breeders’ laws and which are already be- ginning to have game for sale in their — markets. There is no reason why the sportsmen should continually face an impending prohibition of sport. They should get busy and go in for “more game and fewer game laws.” We refer especially to Minnesota be- cause it appears just now there is a movement in that State for the profitable production of game. The other States THE GAME | which do not permit and encourage game breeding should of course enact a game _ breeders’ law as many of the States have. FAITH AND WORKS. We are gratified at the increasing number of letters endorsing the maga- zine which come in the mail from new readers. We print in this issue part of a long letter received from a Virginia reader —- who says The Game Breeder is the best magazine he has ever read. It always occurs to us when we read these voluntary testimonials that the magazine is by no means what it should be and what it can be made provided our readers will back up their faith with works. Many of them are doing this. They not only tell their friends about the magazine but they take their money and send it, with the request that we add the new names to our subscription list. Not a week passes without our receiving such orders and they are most encourag- ing. We hope our readers will always bear in mind the fact that the magazine can be made far better, far more influential than it is when the number of our read- ers is increased and we have the money to do the necessary work. Our advertisers write often to say the magazine is “it,’ or words to that ef- fect. We are always glad to learn that they are getting good returns. If they did not we should not want them and We are quite sure they would not want us. It is important, therefore, for those interested in the “more game” campaign to deal only with those who advertise. It is not a bad plan to sign all letters, “Yours for more game.” TOO BAD! TOO BAD! The game keeper of one of the game breeding associations in Pennsylvania writes to know if they can send game to the New York market. We believe the courts would:say yes to this inquiry, but the New York laws say no, and absurd as “the fool’ law seems, it might be executed. The Constitution of the BREEDER 183 United States has attempted to empha- size the fact that we all are people of one country and that we should exercise common sense and the spirit of fair play in dealing with each other. Those who make a business of tinkering with game laws, however, have arranged to have pheasants and other wild foods shipped to the New York markets from foreign countries but they say no American farmer can ship such food to this mar- ket unless he lives within the State. He can buy the eggs and hatch the birds but he must keep them and not ship them. A budding young statesman once said to the writer, “This is protection, good Republican doctrine, you know.” Good Republican damned nonsense, we ob- served (in an undertone, however), be- cause at the time we hoped to convert the bud who had a vote on a pending measure intended to put an end to the absurdity. To state that the law is in- tended to be a protection to the New York farmers, who now sell their food in New York, is to point out the fact that the law is clearly unconstitutional, because the Constitution says citizens of the several States shall enjoy equal rights and immunities. The only way such ‘laws are ever held to be constitu- tional is to do a little lying about them and say they are not intended as dis- criminations, protecting residents, but that they are purely police regulations intended to save wild food birds which might be stolen or eaten. MORE LAWS OR MORE GAME? We are strongly of the opinion that the sportsmen who gather at State con- ventions are likely to succeed in getting what they want. If, for example, they decide to’ get more game laws restricting or prohibiting field sports they may ac- quire a vast number of these laws. At the Maine convention one of the orators deplored the fact that they seemed likely to restore the 700 local laws which were repealed a short time ago. Of course the game politicians are in- terested in seeing that the sportsmen get what they want provided they are will- 184 ing to stand for increased revenues, and more wardens to see that the laws are executed. When the sportsmen become aware, as they have in some States, that a great variety of restrictive laws does not result in an increase of game; when they become aware that so long as any good shooting is permitted such legislation can not produce good re- sults but that it must result in extermi- nation, they no doubt will decide to go in for fewer laws and for “more game.” In many places where the profitable production of game has been encouraged by legislation the sports- men who look after the game shoot big bags during long open seasons and they sell some of the game to help pay ex- penses. The result is that much of the game on the “noisy sanctuaries” departs to restock the surrounding country and the producers being fair minded and lib- eral are glad to see the game shot on _ unprotected areas, and they are glad io see the laws restricting sport repealed so that the shooting seasons can be long for every one. The shooting on Long Island, quite near New York, is improv- ing because a number of clubs keep up the stock of game. CORRESPONDENCE. Editor Game Breeder: I promised to let you know how the experiment with duck eggs from the East turned out: One lot, shipped here fairly early, hatched fairly well—sixty-five per cent. of the total number. The next lot, two weeks later and not carefully packed, hatched only fifteen per cent. Still later we hatched twenty-five per cent. These eggs were from Connecticut. The best results. were with an incu- bator, and quail eggs in the machine at the same time made an eighty per cent. hatch. A lot of eggs from Wisconsin pro- duced only eight per cent. A lot of 300, shipped from New York on June 30th, and all placed in an incu- bator, failed to show life in a single egg. A few quail eggs in the machine for the THE GAME BREEDER same period all hatched to-day. Do you think I should pay for this lot of eggs? My conclusions from the experiment are that if the eggs are shipped from the East while still fresh, and early in the ~ season, with some care on the part of the express company, they can be hatched here and produce good birds. I certainly wish to try it another year on a large scale, if I can have any as- surance of obtaining the eggs early, and that they will be sent as fast as gathered instead of being held there a couple of weeks to accumulate a large number. It is a long way to send them and the deal- ers ought to give special consideration to a customer at this distance, instead of leaving him till the last. There is a great field for this business here as the wild ducks have greatly diminished in number. It is the lack of a home-breeding stock which has made the mallard a scarce bird here although it furnished a large part of the shooting ten years ago. Very truly, California. C. H. SHaw. The Best. Editor Game Breeder: The July and August numbers of The Game Breeder came duly to hand. Al- low me to state it is the best magazine of its kind I have ever read, and my hope is that it will reach all the good sportsmen in the country, and that even those who are not sportsmen will read it and become interested and that it will open their eyes to the vanishing game of our country and they will talk the subject up with their neighbors and co-operate to save what is left by propagation and protection. D. H. SELDEN. Richmond, Va. Editor Game Breeder: I have just renewed my subscription to The Game Breeder. I have not forgotten that you asked me to write something of my experience with American green-wing teal ducks in captivity. I have a female teal duck in- cubating now on 6 or 7 eggs and barring accidents I shall be successful I think this year. Last year I got fertile eggs THE GAME BREEDER but so thin-shelled nothing short of an incubator could hatch them, but this year I solved that problem and my eggs look to have good shells. I will write an article for The Game Breeder in a few weeks and I think I have learned some things about teal, at least, that are not found in any of the books on the breed- ing and rearing of wild ducks. A. F. WARREN. Editor Game Breeder: I am interested in anything pertaining to bird or wild animal life, and I pre- dict for you gteat success, both for your paper and the Game Conservation So- ciety. Denver, Colo. W. F. KEnopric. A DEER TROUBLE. Editor Game Breeder: In reply to your inquiry as to how I keep and feed my deer I will say that I keep them in a four-acre lot of natural timber of several different kinds of trees, such as oak, elm, ash, basswood and box elder, but the trees are large so the deer cannot reach very many of their leaves. And the ground is covered with all kinds of weeds that would grow in natural timber, also wild gooseberries and buck bushes. It seems to me it would be an ideal place for them. They have plenty of salt and fresh water. In winter I give them clover hay and cornmeal and bran mixed with a little condition powder that is recommended for horses, cattle and sheep. The lot they run in also contains blue grass, tim- othy and white clover. They show no symptoms of sickness and will eat well until they get so weak that they cannot stand up. The season of the year don’t seem to make any difference. My deer are the North American white-tailed deer or natives of this part of the country. My idea of the matter is that they get too much blue grass and timothy and would do better in a dry lot the whole year round. When I bought these deer they were kept in a small lot that did not contain any green vegetation and they were fed alfalfa hay and bran and meal. They 185 were sleek and fat but when I turned them in my lot they inst seemed to go downward until I kave lost about half of them. . I also have a herd of buffalo and would like to know if they require salt or not. My buffalo are in very fine condition at present. JoHN REINHART. [We believe the trouble must be with the food (possibly with the condition ponder). The fact that the place is overgrown with weeds and gooseberries indicates that the deer do not eat these. If they did they would soon clear the lot. Evidently they can not reach the trees and they certainly would do better in a brush lot full of small trees. Mr. James W. Greggs, a successful lowa breeder, says “blue grass and timothy are useless.” He plants red clover, mustard, rape and seeds of different kinds of weeds and says corn is the principal grain he feeds. A number of deer breeders say that pure running water is highly desirable for deer. Mr. Reinhart’s letter has been submitted to a number of successful deer breeders and we hope to print their opinions as to the cause of the trouble.—Editor. | ’ [We hope to print the article referred to in our October number.—Editor.] ee What do you know about this? At the Minnesota State Fair we understand $250 will be given in prizes for wool and $900 for dog prizes.—Rural New- Yorker. Quite a Breeder. sporting affair. — Game Lady (at the telephone)—I want my husband, please. Voice from number, please? Lady—He’s my third, if you wish to know, you impudent thing.—Australa- sian. the Exchange—What “Why do you think he has a family tree?” “Because he’s a nut.” “Ts that dog of yours intelligent?” “Yessuh,” replied Erastus Pinkley. “He kin do everything but talk, an’ sometimes when he’s been out late wif me in de evenin’ I’s kind 0’ skeered dat he might take a sudden notion to do dat.’”—Washington Star. 186 Our Game Census. _ Returns for the game census are com- ing steadily but not as rapidly as we would like to see them. Some days only three or four breeders report. The spe- cial reporters at work in several States soon will bring up the number and we™ hope to publish the result in our special. fall number, October. One of the reports which came to-day from California is especially interesting because of the variety of birds owned by the breeder. We are quite sure Mr. A. J. Merle will not object to our pub- lishing his list. We hope it will result in stirring up the more tardy breeders who can save us hundreds of dollars if they will send their reports in response to our printed notices without waiting to hear from our special enumerators. Mr. A. J. Merle (and not the State) owns the following: Motintaine Oia saa. eae 4 Wialllevan@ tates anemia: 4 Ringnecked Pheasants .. 3 Prince of Wales Pheasants 3 Versicolor Pheasants Silver Pheasants Reeves Pheasantsie. 1-5. Milanotos Pheasants Impeyan Pheasants Tragopan Pheasants ...... Manchurian Pheasants .... Golden Pheasants ........ Swinhoe Pheasants ....... Amherst Pheasants ....... Siamese Fireback Pheasants. iReacock Pheasants... «1. Mongolian Pheasants Hungarian Partridges .... EE WWihite reatowl acim s. California Wild Doves....100 ee eee eee eee we 8 eee eee eee e ee oe WN BWNN WBWWNHN WH Uf White-winged Doves ..... 8 Other doves, including Crowned Pigeons ...... 60 223 The largest number of game birds re- ported by an owner is a little over 900. A number of the clubs, no doubt, will beat this figure. We have been surprised at many of the returns. Some experi- menters whom-we thought had only a few pairs of ducks and pheasants have THE GAME BREEDER reported hundreds. The figures in all of the States are running higher than we © thought they would. The number of new breeders owning farms who joined the Conservation Society in July was 74. — Many new members will start game ~ breeding this year as the letters seeking information indicate. Pe —SS Beg Pardon; Three Kinds. California Fish and Game says “there — are two kinds of conservationists: the — conservationists of the folded hands and — the conservationists of the clenched fist.” If a “folded-hander” can be consid- ered a conservationist at all (we do not so regard him) there certainly are to- day three species of conservationists. The “clenched-fisters” are usually loud shouters, who, like the fat girl in the side tent, undoubtedly often take in a good deal of money, but we have failed to observe where they have saved any game. It has vanished so rapidly that it a seemed to us it might have been scared — by the noise of the “clenched-fisters” out — hollering for “stuff.” The third class of conservationists, the — game breeders, go quietly about their work of production and restoration. Al- ~ ready they have produced hundreds of © thousands of elk, deer and wild food birds and they are beginning to supply — the dear people (who have been told that they own the game) with good big — consignments for the table. The advice given by California Fish and Game that those who have the wel- — fare of our resources at heart join some — society is good. The list is not so good; it gives the Humane Society and local Audubon associations as desirable socie- ties. The National Association of Audu-— bon Societies should have been men- tioned first of all. It is of more im- portance than all the others put together. The Game Conservation Society and all — of the game breeding associations in the — ‘country now are aware that the National © Association of Audubon Associations favors their industry and there can be no doubt whatsoever that-America soon ~ will be the biggest game producing coun- ~ try in the world. THE GAME BREEDER 187 OUTINGS AND INNINGS. The codfish lays a million eggs, While the helpful hen lays one; But the codfish does not cackle, To inform us what she’s done; And so we scorn the codfish coy, But the helpful hen we prize; Which indicates to thoughtful minds It pays to advertise. —Credit Lost. The Butcher—I have some fine can- vasbacks to-day, ma’am. Mrs. Newlywed—Do you sell them by the yard? Puns as He Pays $140 Fine. “A dear deer,” commented Elmer Dinge of Bulls Bridge to-day when fined $140 for shooting a deer—The World. Teacher-—Now then, all together, once more: “Little drops of water”’—and for ‘goodness sake put a little more spirit into it!—Melbourne Leader. Judge—Where have I seen your face before? ‘Prisoner—lI am the dentist who pulled your tooth last week. Judge—Fifteen years!—Credit Lost. —_____—__ “My boy has the whooping cough.” “That must worry you.” “Well, maybe it’s all for the best. When he’s whooping he can’t ask ques- tions, and I get time to read up on the inquiries he has already made.’’—Wash- ington Star. A Prize Contest. What State has the most “fool game laws?” The Game Breeder offers a fully paid up life membership in the Game Conservation Society and a year’s sub- scription to the magazine to the first one who answers this question correctly. Three noted game law experts, each one of whom is said to know 5,000 more game laws than any lawyer now living, will be asked to judge this contest. This is the Hunter’s Practice Month The game season will soon be here. Prepare for it now. Make sure of a full bag. Be ready to drop your bird when the fun starts. Get out your gun. Go out to the gun club and true up youraim. Get your arms—your eyes—and your mind— in alignment. Practice makes perfect and TRAPSHOOTING is perfect practice. Learn to hit the flying clays. Combine training, pleasure, recrea- tion and sport. If a gun club’s not handy get a Hand Trap —a simple, practical, portable device that throws all kinds of targets from easy gliders to “birds”? that tax the skill of an expert. JOHN D. BURNHAM President of the American Game Protective and Propagation Assn. says: “The hand trap gives a shooter the kind of practice that he can get in no other way except on the birds themselves. I have seen some great improvement in field shooting in cover as a result of a moderate amount of hand trap practice.” $4.00 at your dealer’s. Sent direct postpaid, if he can’t supply you. Write for Booklet 3554S Du Pont Powder Company WILMINGTON - Established 1802 DELAWARE In writing to advertiser splease mention The Game Breeder oc sign your letters: ‘‘Yours for More Game.” 188 THE GAME BREEDER CLASSIFIED ADVERTISEMENTS Announcements inserted under this head in small type for 2 cents per word. If displayed in heavy type, 5 cents per word. No advertisement accepted for less than 30 cents. Postage stamps accepted in payment. THE GAME BREEDER 150 Nassau Street New York City EEE DOGS BEARHOUNDS, IRISH WOLFHOUNDS, BLOOD- HOUNDS. Fox, deer cat and lion hounds. Trained and young stock. so-page illustrated catalogue. 5-cent stamp. ROOKWOUD KENNELS, Lexington, Ky. NORWEGIAN BEAR DOGS. IRISH WOLFHOUNDS, English bloodhounds, Russian wolfhounds, American fox- hounds, lion. cat, deer, wolf, coon and varmint dogs. All trained. Shipped on trial. Satisfacfion guaranteed or moneyrefunded Purchasertodecide. Fifty page highly illustrated catalogue, 5c. stamp. ROOKWOOD KEN- NELS, Lexington, Kentucky. THE BLUE GRASS FARM KENNELS, of Berry, Ky., otter for sale setters and pointers, fox and cat hounds, wolf and deer hounds. Coon and opossum hounds, var- mint and rabbit hounds, bear and lion hounds, also Aire- dale terriers, All dogs shipped on trial purchaser to jucge the quality, satisfaction guaran'eed or money re- funded. Sixty page, highly illustrated, instructive and interesting catalogue for ten cents in stamps or coin. AIREDALES—THE GREAT ALL “ROUND DOG. Collies of the best possible blood, beautiful, intelligent ; have ouppies, grown dogs and brood matrons, Send for large list. W.R. WATSON, Box 711, Oakland, Iowa. DOGS TRAINED AND BOARDED. BEST AR- ranged kennels in the South, located on 10.000 acres leased hunting grounds; forced retrieving taught dogs of any age; my methods never fail: thirty years experience JESS M. WHAITE, Cyrene, Decatur Co., Ga CHESAPEAKE BAY DUCK RETRIEVERS—THOR- oughbred Stock—Bred and raised on the James River and Chesapeake Bay. Shot over almost every day of the Duck Shooting Season. Dogsand puppies for sale Just right to break this Fall. JOHN SLOAN, Lee Hall Virginia. i CHESAPEAKE BAY DUCK RETRIEVERS from broken and thorough breed stock raised on the Chesa- peake Bay. Two dogs ana two bitches for sale. $25.00 each 8 months old, broken to retrieve from land and water; just right to use this fall JOHN SLOAN, Lee Hall, Virginia. FOX, COON, SKUNK AND RABBIT HOUNDS broke to gun and held and guaranteed. The kind that are bred and trained for hunting by experienced hunters. Boe coon and rabbit hound pups from pedigreed stock, and extra fine ones, price #500 each. Stamp for photo. H. C. LYTLE. Fredericksburg. Ohio. 4 y MISCELLANEOUS RUFFED GROUSE WANTED. STATE PRICE. A. I. W., care of The Game Breeder, 150 Nassau Street, New York. WANTED—ACORNS. STATE PRICE PER BUSHEL A. 1. W., care of The Game Breeder, 150 Nassau Street New York. ; WILD MALLARD DUCKS—RAISED AND REGIS- tered in old Wisconsin. Eggs $1.25 per12; birds $1.50 each. Excellent decoys. Ordernow. E.G.SHOWERS Onala-ka, Wisconsin. p WHITE'S PRESERVE—WILD CELERY AND ALL kinds of wild duck food, plants and seeds. Also enter- cae sportsmen. Waterlily, Currituck Sound, North Caro- ina. FOR SALE—Pheasants and eggs. WANTED—COPIES OF THE GAME BREEDER FOR June, 1913; September, 1913; April, 1914; June, 1974 5, December, 1914 We will pay 20 cents per copy for a few copies of the issues named in good condition. THE GAME BREEDER, 150 Nassau Street, N. Y WANTED—ACORNS. State price per bushel M TAN- ENBAUM, 149 Broadway, New York City. SPECKLED TROUT OIL PAINTINGS, $3 00 EACH. “ARTIST MARTIN,” Girard. Pa : GUARANTEED GERMINABLE WILD RICE SEED. Shipment in September for fall sowing | Shipped wet as. recommended by the Department of Agriculture. Supply limited. Order at once. ROBERT CAMPBELL, Keene, Ontario. LIVE GAME PHEASANT AND JAPANESE PHOENIX FOWL. Eggs for sale; several varieties. S V. REEVES, 114 E. Park Ave., Haddonfield, N. J. GET WISE—RAISE PHEASANTS FOR PASTIME. Profitable and fascinating | Send for prices. CON- NECTICUT FARMS PHEASANTRY, Union, Union: County, N. J. : QUAIL, PARTRIDGES, WILD FOWL, DEER AND other animals. See display advertisement in this issue. WM. J. MACKENSEN, Proprietor Pennsylvania Pheas- antry and Game Park. CANADA WILD GEESE AND THEIR GOSLINGS— A limited number for sale now—the surest way to start breeding this species. We are the oldest and largest breeders of Canadas in this country. Black and White Swans.Wild Ducks, etc , forsale. WHEALTON WATER FOWL FARMS, Chincoteague Island. Va. WILD TURKEYS—For prices see display advertisement in this issue. W. J MACKENSEN, Yardley. Bucks County, Pa. : Everything in the pheasant family. Pamphlet with order free. BUCK- WOOD PHEASANTRIES, Dunfield, Warren Co., New Jersey. (zot) CASH PAID FOR PEA FOWLS. State age and sex. Will buy 500 Ring Necks, 1oo Awherst. roo Goldens, 100 Reeves. State your best price. HELEN BARTLETT, Cassopolis, Michigan. PEACOCKS. ALL KINDS OF PHEASANTS, WHITE. African Guineas. for sale, pure blooded, non-related. I will buy Amherst, Reeves and Pea fowls. JOHN TAL- BOT, South Bend. Indiana. _ 9-14-6m. FOR SALE — PEACOCK, each $6.00; MAMMOTH Flemish Rabbit $4.00 a pair at six months. Angora rabbit $3.00 a pair. Pigeons: silvered pouters $6.00 a pair, white fantails $2.00, white dragon $2 00, red homer $1.00. J.J. GAREAU, St. Roch l’Achigan. Quebec Can. Pini ta sae oi alae A re Tee NF PHEASANTS OF NINE VARIETIES; STOCK AND eggs. Ringnecks contractable by the thousand. DAISY FARM, San Lorenzo, California. - PHEASANTS WANTED. ONLY RARE VARIETIES such as Tragopans, Manchurian, Firebacks, Impeyans, etc., Kindly quote frice. A. J MERLE, Alameda, Calif. FOR SALE—ONE PET DEER, ONE YEAR OLD. Address ROY CLEWITT, Kerrick, Minnesota. ees In writing to advertisers please mention The Game Breeder or sign your letters: “Yours for More Game.” —S THE GAME BREEDER 189 PHEASANTS WANTED : Two thousand English Ring Necked Pheasants. Kindly Riots price and particulars. ‘‘A’’, Roslyn, Long Island, WILD MALLARD DUCKS—DECOYS; GOOD FLY- ing strain. 100 birds, $110.00: 12 birds, $15.00; (less, $1.37% each), no limit. Order now and from this adver- tisement. Send draft. Shipped Mondays. Eggs in sea- son, $10.00 hundred, Marchi to July15. C. E. BREMAN CO., Danville, Ill. ‘ WE HAVE A FINE LOT OF PINIONED PHEAS- ants for sale. Prices on application. THURSTON COUNTY GAME FARM, Olympia, Wash. H. W. Myers, Supt., R. F. D. No. 1 PHEASAN TS—Having plenty of breeding stock, Golden, Silver and Ringneck Pheasants, I would take a position ona Private Estate or Club to raise game, commercial or otherwise. W.M.,care of The Game Breeder, 150 Nassau Street, New York City. YOUNG GOLDEN PHEASANTS FOR SALE at reasonable prices. C. SIEGLER, Bangor, Wis. GAME EGGS BOOK YOUR ORDER NOW FOR CHINESE RING- neck pheasant eggs, Oregon's famous game bird. $3 00 per dozen, $20.00 per hundred. OREGON BIRD & PHEASANT FARM, Beaverton, Oregon. GOLDEN AND RING-NECK PHEASANT EGGS for sale. cheap. CONNECTICUT FARMS PHEAS- ANTRY, Union Union County, N. J. : FOR SALE—PHEASANT EGGS FOR HATCHING. Golden and pure Lady Amherst. One pair year old pape birds for sale. E. R. ANDERSON, So. Hamilton, ., Mass. PHEASANT EGGS IN JUNE, $4.80 PER HUNDRED. THOS. COWLEY GAME FARM, Mawdesley, Orms- kirk, England GAMEKEEPERS HEAD GAMEKEEPER OR SUPERINTENDENT— wanted by experienced man as above, 20 years’ first-class character in England and America. Understand raising of all kinds of Game and Ducks, training and management of Dogs, trapping of all kinds of Vermin. B, care of The Game Breeder, 150 Nassau St., New York. POSITION WANTED AS SUPERINTENDENT OF large estate or game preserve by a professional forester and gamekeeper. Very capable man with fish and game production of all kinds ; also breeding and training sport- ing dogs. Excellent trapper. Highly recommended. Address SUPERINTENDENT, care of the Game Breed- er, 15c Nassau Street, New York. GAMEKEEPER— LIFE EXPERIENCED REARING land and water fowl, training and handling high class shooting dogs, conditioning tor shows A-! rearing pup- pies, well up in veterinary, competent manager of club or Private estate. Distance immaterial J. H.W., care of The Game Breeder, 150 Nassau St., N. Y City. GAMEKEEPER—WANTS SITUATION FOR NEXT season. Skilled in pheasant and duck rearing.’ Will be open for employment January rst. Reason tor changing position is desire to get a change of climate for family A. E JAMES, care of The Game Breeder, 150 Nassau St., New York City. HEAD GAMEKEEPER, SCOTCH, WANTS SITUA- tion. Thoroighly experieneed in rearing pheasants. wild ducks, turkeys and partridges; 26 years’ experien e Can be highly recommended. R. J. M., care of The Game Breeder. 150 Nassau Street, New York. GAMEKEEPER REQUIRES SITUATION, UNDER- stands all duties. Best references from Europe and thiscountry. Address M. F. care of The Game Breeder, 1so Nassau Street New York. EXPERIENCED UNDER KEEPER WANTED FOR Private Estate. Single man, age 20 to 24. Applv to T. B., care of The Game Breeder, 150 Nassau St., New York City. HEAD GAMEKEEPER, SCOTCH, WANTS SITUA- tion. Thoroughly understands Pheasant and Wild Duck raising, (will rear Pheasants by contract), Incubators, management of deer, rearing and training of dogs, vermin trapping. Well recommended. Address W. s, care of The Game Breeder, 150 Nassau St., New York City. THREE GAMEKEEPERS WANTED At once, Head Gamekeeper. married, without family, thoroughly efficient in rearing game and wild fowl, and their management, to show sport. Good vermin trapper, dog breaker, and all the other various duties of a practical keeper. Also want two experienced Underkeepers. single. Send copy of references. present and last employer. Apply stating age, etc., “‘A’’, Roslyn, Long Island, N. Y. SUPERINTENDENT. — Wanted, by experienced man, 25 years, first-class references from large estates and game farms where 3,00co pheasants have been penned and 20,000 raised yearly. Understand the raising of all kinds of game and wild duck. management ot incubators, testing of eggs, trapping of vermin. training and management of dogs and all duties making of rabbit warrers W.B., care of The Game Breeder, 150 Nassau St , N. Y. City. PIGEONS BEST HOMERS AND CARNEAUX PIGEONS TIME and money can produce. Pictures and description free. Write NATIONAL SQUAB FARM, Itasca, Texas. GAME BIRDS WANTED 1 AM IN THE MARKET FOR CALIFORNIA MOUN- tain partridges and masked Bob-whites. F.A., care of The Game Breeder, 150 Nassau Street, New York. “T always call a spade a spade,” said the emphatic man. “That's right,” replied Broncho Bob. “A fourflusher once lost his life in Crim-’ son Gulch by callin’ a spade a club.”— Washington Star. Our Wild Fowl and Waders Practical Book on Duck Breeding for Sport and Profit $1.50 The Game Breeder, 150 Nassau St., N. Y. C. M. G. and F. GL. Can you guess it? In writing to advertisers please mention The Game Breeder or sign your letters: ‘Yours for More Game."’ 190 THE GAME BREEDER Game Birds I am now offering for immediate delivery my own hand-reared birds RING-NECK Pheasants....$ 5.50 per pair Golden Pheasants......... IPOD Sy Canadian Geese..... ....- 10.00 “ “ I also offer Pintails, Black Ducks, Teal, etc., and several varieties of Wild Geese. Safe Delivery Guaranteed. John Heywood, box 8, Gardner, Mass. THE AMATEUR TRAINER By Ed. F. Haberlein A practical trainer of over 30 years’ experience, whose Wi W system is up to date and stands unequaled. ild ater F owl New Edition Just Out. Illustrated, 6c s s 9 A plain, practical and Conese; yet thorough guide Our Specialties. in the art of training, handling and the correcting : é of faults of the bird dog subservient to the gun Wood Ducks, Mandarins. Wild Black afield. Written especially for the novice, but fallards for stockin s S. equally valuable to the experienced handler. By ; ue 5 bs 5 sate Pa following the aed es wea given, every Safe delivery guaranteed. 500 Can- shooter possessed of a little common sense and : patience can train his own dogs to perfection. ada Wild Geese, $8.00 to $10.00. per Paper cover, $1.00; best full cloth binding and gold pair. Australian, South American, embossed, $1.50. Address THE GAME BREEDER, 150 Nassau Street, N. Y. Carolina Swans. 200 trained English Decoy Ducks, guaranteed Callers and Breeders, $5.00 per pair. Egus, 15 for $2.00. Mallards and Canada Geese oe Oe G must be bought NOW to breed this Egg Advertising Spring. For prices of other wild fowl to produce the best. results, should _ apply to begin in the Fall. WHEALTON WILD WATER-FOWL FARMS Chincoteague Island, Virginia Now Is The Time It is a mistake to delay ordering stock birds— prices will go up later and the birds will not lay well unless ordered early. We had a request for several thousand pheasants a few days ago and the demand for ducks is also good. Write to our advertisers NOW. THE GAME BREEDER 191 mokeless Shotgun Powder§ ‘ eo ~ Ns * In Loaded Shells of practically all _ makes you can get Infallible. Ask for it the next time you buy shells. If you are interested in trapshooting, write for our booklet called “Trapshooting.”’ It is worth reading. Address : Hercules Powder Co. £& Wilmington, Del. ; [ERCULES th POWDER CO. The Propagation of Wild Birds - By HERBERT K. JOB e PRICE $2.00 We pay delivery charges THE GAME BREEDER 150 NASSAU STREET NEW YORK THE LURE OF WILD RICE bring Ducks hundreds of miles—my Wild Rice Seed for planting is the finest of the year—also Wild Celery, Wapato, and other natural foods that Ducks love. Terrell’s Famous Wild Fowl Strong, healthy, fresh from their native haunts— for breeding or stocking purposes. I have the Wild Fowl that are considered best in the country. Mallards, Black Ducks, Canvasbacks, Wood Ducks, Pintails, Teal, Geese, Pheasants, etc., and Wild Mallard eggs in Spring from birds of strong flying strain. Write for My Free Instructive Booklet. CLYDE B. TERRELL Naturalist Department P OSHKOSH, WISCONSIN NOW IS THE TIME If you expect to have fertile eggs next spring, buy your birds now; don’t wait until midwinter or next spring ; if so you will be disappointed. WE OFFER, IMMEDIATE DELIVERY. Silver, Golden, Blueneck, Lady Amherst, Reeves, Elliotts, Ringneck, Mongolian, Swinhoe, Versicolor, Impeyan Manchurian Eared and Melanotus Pheasants. White and Blue Peafowl. Japanese Silkies and Longtails. S.C. Buff and Blue Orpington and R.I. Reds. Mexican Wild Turkeys and Gray Mallard Ducks. EWANTED White, Black-shoulders and Jave Pea- fowls. In Pheasants any of the Tragopans, Firebacks and Cheer, Soemmering, Elliott White Crested Kalij, Anderson’s Linnea- tus. Also Canvasback Ducks. In writing quote number, sex and lowest cash price. We will on receipt of 20 cents in stamps send colortype catalog of pheasants. CHILES & CO., Mt..Sterling, Ky. In writing to advertisers please mention The Game Broeder or sign your letters: ‘Yours for More Game,” puree 192 THE GAME BREEDER OUR WILD FOWL AND WADERS THE NEW YORK TIMES ‘The subject is the development of a new crop—a flesh crop which has especial timeliness in view of the general exhaustion of our food supply. Mr. Huntington dis- cusses in the most practical manner the restoration of this crop of feathered game, and from the standpoint both of the sportsman and the market gunner, wild ducks, it seems, can be raised as easily and cheaply as domesticated ducks, and with equally excellent financial results. The way to do this is described with estimates of cost and citation of experience abroad, where the deficiency of food supply has led to the discovery and elaboration of many remedies to which we have not yet been forced. Mr. Huntington’s book is illustrated with photographs, interesting alike to naturalists and breeders.” WILLIAM BREWSTER ““Our Wild Fowl and Waders’ is obviously an able, comprehensive and very interesting treatise on a subject which has hitherto received but little attention from writers, especially in America, and concerning which naturalists, as well as sports- men, will, I am sure, be glad to be thus credibly and pleasingly informed.” THE LOCKPORT UNION-SUN “Mr. Huntington has given to the American people an admirable treatise on the practical methods of making these splendid and desirable birds profitably plentiful. Ponds, streams and waste lands which do not pay the meagre taxes upon them can be utilized and be made to yield both handsome profits and good sport. This American authority on wild game tells the farmers and land owners of this country how to do it.” CHARLES HALLOCK ‘““The wild fowl book is valuable, clearsighted and scholastic. It is a direct appeal to sportsmen of common sense and generous behavior, and they will readily absorb its comprehensive pages and act accordingly—and live thereby.” DR. R. W. SHUFELDT ‘“‘T have enjoyed the treat in my reading of this book from frontispiece to finis, and I wager anybody else will enjoy it. . . . The author has placed every sports- man, every naturalist and a great many other citizens of other callings squarely under obligations to him. The book is a direct and logical argument setting forth the means for the preservation in the future of our wild fowl and waders. . . The illustrations are judiciously selected, interesting and materially add to the value of x the volume.” A. A. HILL ‘“‘ This is not only a readable book, but it is important in an economic sense, and it will especially appeal to all who are interested in the conservation of wild life, and eepecially our game birds.” @ AUTOMOBILE DEALER AND REPAIRER “If the advice of Dwight W. Huntington, pioneer and apostle of the movement in this country for a rational game protection and conservation, be acted upon, the time is coming speedily when game will be as cheap as beef or mutton. At present, after fifty years of legal protection, we have no game to amount to anything save in the more remote sections. . . . The book is not only instructive in an economic sense, showing how to make wild duck preserves safe and attractive, how to get stock and eggs and the food required, but is delightful reading for all. The author of ‘Our Wild Fowl and Waders’ is doing a great public service in his campaign for more game.’ OUR WILD FOWL AND WADERS will be sent to any address in the United States or Canada with THE GAME BREEDER for one year upon receipt of $2. ON THE GAME CONSERVATION SOCIETY 150 NASSAU STREET, N. Y. ee EEO lllCU re Mackensen Game Park I carry the largest stock in America of live game birds, ornamental birds and quadrupeds. Hungarian Partridges \ I am prepared to fill the largest orders “\, for these birds and for years I have filled 3 (e222 practically all of the large State orders for both 7 UD 2% Partridges and Pheasants. Pheasants My Pheasant pens hold thousands of Pheasants and I am prepared to furnish these birds in large numbers to. State de- partments, individual breeders and preserves. : Wild Duck Mallards, Black Duck, Teal, Wood Duck, Pintails and other species can be supplied in large numbers at at- tractive prices. Also Mandarins and all other water fowl. Wild Turkeys I am now the largest breeder and dealer in Wild Turkeys and can supply these birds in good numbers to State Departments and preserve owners I carry the largest stock in America of ornamental birds and animals. My ponds now contain nearly 200 best Royal Swans of England. I have fine lot of the beautiful pink FLAMINGOES and the very large European PELICANS. Also STORKS, CRANES, PEAFOWL, fancy GEESE and DUCKS. My pheasant pens contain over a thousand Ringneck and fancy PHEASANTS. All stock is kept under practically natural conditions. I have 80 acres of land entirely devoted to my business. Canalso promptly furnish BUFFALOES, DEER, LLAMAS, RABBITS, etc. Orders booked during summer. I have for years filled practically all the large State Orders and have better facilities for handling large orders than any other firm. Write me before buying elsewhere—it will pay you to do so. Your visit solicited. I am only 60 miles from New York and 30 miles from Philadelphia. WM. J. MACKENSEN Department V. YARDLEY, BUCKS COUNTY, PA. ‘OR SALE, a Tract of gad = mu . - = nd . . 7 Pp : : ° . 7 ~ ~ = = . . ens aarti ~ —" - > _ _ = - - al - cain ~~’ ~ - lied —~ “ > = - — ~ : a ’ re - ms - = < - - - = - eateries + NaN SO _ Pee ne = = " _ = - - =< o ts a —_— i a lig ~ ngage tame S86 py eee, <~*ew 6 whe Soe eres ae ep ay et ee aieninieel Se et se omen es y ee eee ceey oH A Ant oe eat tye ee Nee So a ee Ve Aer Paden tain aids ihe eeeee ars bd PO ae OA wee ait eee ee a al ay er etate, agi ERS epee ete ew et OES rete at dee aN ae fo I ne ON Sea Ory rey oe SOP ee ee