'f'^'^v^-^ ,■' i^/ ^mi I ^ V, > i 1 r. ji K \ b 1%^ ■•*" »• >- xS. / iy./^'/'j GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA CVl^ THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. ^miiMiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiitiiiimiiiNiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiN = ^.'iiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiN := BURNETT BROTHERS BURNETT'S SPECIAL LAWN GRASS MIXTURE The above mixture is made from our own formula, and composed of grasses specially adapted for the pur- pose of producing turf which retains its rich green color and velvety appearance throughout the entire Summer and Fall. In making up this high grade mixture we are careful to use only the very finest quality of all the most desirable dwarf evergreen, rccicnncd .grasses, free from chaff and weeds, which tlirive well on any soil, thus ensuring a beautiful and permanent lawn. Price: pk., $1.75; bushel (20 lbs.), $6.00. WE MAKE A SPECIALTY OF GRASS SEED MIXTURES FOR ALL SITUATIONS MISCELLANEOUS LAWN SUPPLIES COLDWELL'S "DEMOUNT- ABLE" CUTTER UNIT HORSE LAWN MOWER COLDWELL'S HIGH WHEEL IMPERIAL LAWN MOWER GEAR ROLLER MOWER TOWNSEND'S VICTORY BALL-BEARING LAWN MOWER COLDWELL'S MOTOR MOWER LAWN APOLLO LAWN SWEEPER BURNETT'S LAWN DRESSING HORSE BOOTS COLDWELL'S LAWN TRIMMER THE CAPITOL LAWN TRIMMER and EDGER BURNETT BROS.' "HUDSON-FULTON" BRAND GARDEN HOSE BURNETT BROS.' NONKINKABLE HOSE "REVERO" THE MODERN GREENHOUSE HOSE LAWN SPRINKLERS LAWN RAKES BORDER SHEARS EDGING KNIVES, ETC. We carry a full supply of Lawn Requisites. Write for our Midsummer List of Pot Grov\rn Strawberry Plants and Perennial Flo'w^er Seeds, Etc. BURNETT BROS., Seedsmen, 98 Chambers St.,NewYork Telephone BARCLAY 6138 1^ 1^ 1^ 1^ A Range of Greenhouses on Top of a New York Store 200 Feet Above the Street F.\U abuve tlic Inirly burly of noisy, biii^tling New Vurk, Mr. C. C. 'I'replf bas a range of greenhouses on top of IJltiomingdale Hros.' store at Fifty-ninth Street. Kighteen years ago we built the first houses and have cun- t in vied adding to them. Two, we just completed, 26 feet and 52 feet long. We corsider tliis a pretty gooil recommendation for our cun- strnctior.- -eighteen years of hard usage. There is probably not another greenhouse in the country that has had the number o£ people visit it. Today, outside of minor repairs, the original houses are as good as the day they were built. Here the Hewers are grown that are sold in the Hower shop on the ground floor. This flower garden on the roof gives people a chance to see how flowers and plants are grown. It also gives a jirospective purchaser of a greenhouse a chance to see a greenhouse built in its entirety. It shows you the superstructure, plant benches, and heating apparatus. We tell you all this just to show you the variety of greenhouse building problems we are continually solving successfully. Resides running this shop and range of houses, Mr. Treple also runs the flower store at Gimbel T'ros., 33rd St. and 6th .\ve., -Vew York, and has recently opened a new one at 89th St. and i'roadway. We hojte that when you are ready to build, you will think of US as the builders. When you are ready to "talk it over, — K over yuur benches now and see if you have figured right on the quan- tity you need. The chances are you will need some to fill out with. That being the case, send along your order. You know, there isn't a bit of doubt alKuit Satisfaction Plants from Cromwell Gardens, giving satisfaction. Another thing — we don't substitute with- out first getting your permission. In looking over our thousands and thou- sands of plants this morning, it strikes me we never had so choice a lot in the better really worth while tested kinds. And while you are ordering, let us know how many Poinsettias you will want and we will ship them to you in paper pots, later on when the plants are good and husky. I'rom 2'i-inch pots, $1.50 a doz. ; $10 per 100. ANPlEI^ON INC Cromwell Cm^ens O^MWELL Conn DREER^S WATER LILIES Hardy and Tropical Largest collection in America, embracing many wonderful hybrids especially suited for growing in fountains, pools and ponds. DREER'S GARDEN BOOK FOR 1914 cuntains the largest Hst of Aquatic plants ofTered, also beauti- ful iUustrations of many varieties and cultural notes written by experts. Sent free if you mention this publication. We also offer the advice of our expert coTicerning plans for ponds and selection of varieties. HENRY A. 714-16 Chestnut St«, DREER Philadelphia g tiiiinniiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiNiniiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiNiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiNiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiin ^iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiii.'^ THE NEXT STORM MAY DO THIS TO ■\7-/-vf Ti> CIXICCT "TDITCCl Your trees may appear strong and IV-^LJlX. rll>IIl.C>l 1 rvILiIlii:^ healthy— and yet be so unsound that the next storm will snap them off like the one shown here. If your trees need no attention you want to know it. If they do, you ought to know it. If you want real Tree Sur- gery, it must l)e Davey Tree Surgery. Expert ex- _ _ _____ aminations without charge. Representatives with ^^y^^" " .^^BBj^V credentials a\ailal)le ever\ where. Write today for ^M jlBp^.,-£''i beautiful free Ixiok and letters from estate owners to ^H _ ^^^-f^^f^^ whom our examinations liave been a revelation. ^H^ r/i \\ rite t'ldaw JOHN DAVEY [Father of Tree Sorgcryl THE DAVEY TREE EXPERT CO. Inc. 443 Elm Street, Kent, Ohio Blanches with tiMi'ph"Tii- i.iiim-liiiiis: New VorU, IMiihiJ.-Iplila, CUicii;:n, .MnntrL'iil. Suu t'runelsuo. OOPVOICHT i«ia THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. m^t (Eont^nta— May, 1914 A Useful Collection of Spray Orchids B\3 Wm. Turner 1 How to Produce Perfect Lawns ... 8 Practice with Science Sjj W m. H. IVaite 1 0 Conserving the Woodlands . . . .11 The Essential Parts of a Flower . . .11 Fine Specimen of Cattleya Mossiae B]} Wm. H. Duckham 12 May . . . .ByD. S. Miller 12 Don't! Don't! Don't! . . . .12 An Indispensable Farm Commodity By Karl Langbeck 1 2 The Modernist Garden . . . 13 Cultural Notes on the Tomato By Ja es S. Bache 1 4 Means of Utilizing Birds in Horticulture . .15 Editorial . . . . . . .16 The Glory of the Garden By Rudyard Kipling 1 6 The Important Man . . . . .16 National Association Notes . . . .17 The Service Bureau . . . . .17 Spring Flower Show for New York in 1 9 1 5 Among the Gardeners .... A Record Unique — The Lenox Horticultural Society ..... A Horticultural Investigation An Interesting Exhibit Schedule, American Sweet Pea Society Show Schedule, June Show, Newport, R. I. New Appointments at Cornell University The Beautiful Columbines Pruning for Fruit . By V. R. Gardner Queries and Answers .... National Associations .... Local Societies ..... Gardener's Diary .... Westchester & Fairfield Horticultural Society New Bedford Horticultural Society New Jersey Floricultural Society Connecticut Horticultural Society . The Horticultural Society of New York . The American Paeony Society 17 17 18 19 19 20 21 21 22 23 24 25 25 26 26 26 27 27 27 27 Gladiolus Liliums Montbretias GLADIOLUS TO PLANT NOW AMERICA—.! spUnilkl lislit pink. 35c. per do2. ; $2.50 per 100. ATIRACTIOJI— Crimson Hliit.- tliKNit. 75c. per doz. ; $5.00 per 100. BAHON HULOT— A gcuil Ijluc. phinfiil nr ^ta^■.-ll with Sulphur Kiii^'. the euhir hiirnuny is very elTi-elivc. $1.50 per doz.; $10.00 per 100. BLANCHE— One of the best l.in.-f Hii«-( n-il white viirir-ties with f^iint nKiil;>.. $3.00 per doz.; $80.00 per 100. CONTRAST— Scarlet white Ihr.iLit: w.ll iiiiiue.l. $5.00 per doz.; $35.00 per 100. DAWN (GROFFS)- i]i Ihc tlii.iat: $50.00 per 100. A poach blossom pini; with cr, IMC of the iiest now. r vai-ietie imy vi'llow blot.'h $6.00 per doz.; I. S. HENDBICKSON— I.ar^e flowci.-rt pink ami wliito $1.60 per doz.; $10.00 per 100. A brilliant flamingo pink blazed with ver kVi-rs. bcn-ue on long spikes. 50c. per doz. MRS. FRANCIS KING- niiliipD roil, largo lb $4.00 per 100. MRS. FRANK PENDLETON. JR.— Oi.c of the m.ist exQuisitolT colored and formc'l sboli 'l"^. cbli. afo Hush salmon pink, three lower petals blotihe.l ri. Ii uiat.i.in. $4.50 per doz.; $35.00 per 100. PEACE— .\ wliite variety wilh plcasinc $2.00 per doz.; $16.00 per 100. SULPHUR KING— (Hi. $16.00 per 100. WAR— n..ncrs of siganlic pr.i|i.irti..ns; ri.h S..T1 black. $12.00 per doz. lilac feathering; large size, of fh.' b.st pale yellows. $2.00 per doz.; IN l.looil roil, sha.b'd crim- LILIUMS (Hardy) SPECIOSUM MAGNIFICUM— This Speciosflm Lily is an improvomont .10 tile vari.-tics liubrnin. Rf.senm. or Melpomene. A few bulbs plant. .1 in .\..ur ^ar.b-n this Sprini; will give you a splendid Summer display. 8 to 9 inch bulhs, $1.00 per doz.; $8.00 per 100; 9 to 11 inch bulbs. $2.26 per doz.; $16.00 per 100; 11 to 13 inch bulbs, $3.60 per doz.; $26.00 per 100. SPECIOSUM ALBUM— .\ whif.- c..nntcr|iart to the beautiful Spe.-iosnm ,Ma;;iiifi.uin. and m.iy bo iise.l in a slfTiilar manner. 8 to 9 inch bulbs, $2.25 per doz.; $15.00 per 100; 9 to 11 inch bulbs, $3.60 per doz. ; $25.00 per 100. AURATUM— The Gulden Ray.d I.ily .if Jaf.an. Flowers pure white, thickly studded with crims..n spots, while through the centre of each petal runs a g.ilden ban.l. .May be iise.l in similar manner t.i fh.' two preceding IMinms. 8 to 9 inch bulbs. $1.00 per doz.; $8.00 per 100; 9 to 11 inch bulbs, $2.25 per doz.; $16.00 per 100; 11 to 13 inch bulbs, $3.50 per doz.; $25.00 per 100. MONTBRETIAS gJ^^#^^^^ FIRE KING— .\ spl.ndid scarlet n.l. ..i'u]iar.s favorably with the M.w.r anil in-.r.' e-\I)ensi^■t sorts. $2.50 per 100. GEORGE DAVIDSON — A pale orance yellow, very free flowering; among th. first to tlosvev. $3.50 per ICO. GERMANIA— A rich glowing orange scarl.t. with a red throat. $3.50 per 100. GOLDEN WEST— One of the best ri.h pure golden yellows, without 1. ..St siiot or shade. $22.50 per 100. MARTAGON— Flowers reflesed. similar to the Martagon lily. $3.50 per 100. PROMETHEUS— A vi'ry large floweie.l sort, color deep orange with a " ring around the edge. $00.00 per 100. 30-32 BARCLAY ST. NEW YORK CITY GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA DEVOTED TO THE SCIENCE OF FLORICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE ADOPTED AS THE OFFICIAL ORGAN OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF GARDENERS Vol. XVII ]. MAY, 1914. A Useful Collection of Spray Orchids By Wm. Turner. Is there any flowering plant more graceful or effective than a collection of spray orchids? Indeed, it is the spray orchid that gives the finished appearance to any orchid group, particularly when the short stemmed kinds are used liberally as companions to the tall, stately sprays. When we realize the rich effect that can be produced with a collection of those gems, it is no small wonder they have jumped to the foremost rank in recent years both as a choice cut flower, and for decorative effects. None can deny as to their keeping qualities, for they have no equal and as for their colors, combina- tions and gracefulness, they are peerless. True, many of the varieties are apt to wear out sooner than the cattleyas, and no wonder, when we stop to consider the strain many of those plants must be under in producing those terrific spikes. I dare say there are manv that have looked upon those little plants with wonderment, seeing them produce spikes three and four feet in length. Still, with good treatment and a good season of rest, they may be kept in a healthy, vigorous condition for .several \ears. I presume one of the best known species is ( )ncidium \'aricosuni, and its variety Rogersii. In fact, it is Rogersii that has given this Oncidium priority over many of the others as the individual flowers are nnich larger and of more substance. In their season of growth they will thrive admirably in the cool end of the Cattleya house ami if hung somewhere near the glass. They seem to ajipreciate such treatment. Nor will they thrive if placed in too large receptacles. Dendroliiuni Phalaenopsis Schroderiana makes an admirable conipanion to \'aricosum, coming in as they do around the same time, although T do not think it wise to handle this variety unless more heat can be given than just merely Cattleya house temperature. While one may see them growing in such a temperature they must be grown in a warmer, closer atmosphere to produce strong, vigorous growths. L'nquestionablv 1). I 'halaenopsis when well grown is one of our very best anrays or plant decoration ; and what a combination of colors there are: one may look over a l)atch and hardly find two alike. This orchid, like many others, keep in as small a receptacle as possible, which is the key-note to success to a certain extent. Neither do they care to have their roots tampered with more than is absolutely neces- sarv. But whoever has a house adapted for grovvini^ this species which should be at least .^ or more degree^ over a Cattleya bouse temperature will have one of the most useful spray orchids that 1 am acquainted with. .\nother .Mexican fall or early winter llowering variety is worthv of note for its free flowering (pialities and massive s])ikes. Although better results may be had by growing this species in ;i trifle low er temperature and par- ticularly so during their resting period, (). Tigrinum, which is well known among all lovers of the orchid family and may he relied on to make an imposing dis- play during their season of flowering, I dare say 1 am not over-stei)i)ing the mark when I say One. splendidum stands out [ire-eminently as one of the very best for mid- winter display, their stately spikes and massive, bold flowers are apt to cause admiration during the winter months. This Cjuatemalean variety will respond readily to more heat than many of the Oncidium family, at the same time with care and good judgment can be grown \'ery successfully in a Cattleya house temperature pro- viding they do not receive too much water at their roots. 11\ the wav. is their another orchid that will resent over- ONtlUIUM V.VRICOSrM KOf.KKSIl 8 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. watering more so than splendidum? Why. it is not an uncommon occurrence for a batch of this King of Oncidium to go at times for weeks without any water appHed to the roots, in fact they seem to revel with such treatment providing the atmospheric moisture is agree- able to them. Therefore it is not necessary to hear the complaint which at times is the case in regard to the }oung growths rotting oflf. Even though grown with the Cattleyas, when such does occur, a safe remedy to eradicate the trouble is considerably less water at the roots. It is surprising the amount of flower spikes a healthy batch of this variety will produce. Like all other valuable plants, usually they have their enemies in the way of insect pests, slugs are extremely partial to the young succulent spikes just as they are forming at the base of the new bulb, therefore it is well to keep a sharp lookout for these enemies for some time, before they commence to produce their flower spikes, otherwise serious damage will be done. With a poor crop of flowers, no matter how little damage seemingly has been done, we find when a slug has once started into the young spike it, at its best, will be a cripple and of little or no value. I dare say, every orchid grower has his favorite methods in trap]3ing them, with lettuce leaves laid on the pots, carrots cut in halves, or potatoes laid on the pots, cutting a hollow into them and turning the hollow towards the peat. They often may be caught. It seems almost increditable at times that those tiny slugs, not much larger than the head of a pin, are destructive beyond comprehension, and are the cause of worry and an- noyance, and particularly so with O. splendidum, or, for that matter, the whole of the (Jncidium family, may be included. V\ hat an interesting species that old O. ])apilio is. as the name implies, butterfly, which is truly a good imita- tion of nature. However, this variety may be classed more as a curiosity than anything else. Still, I venture to say, Papilio has aroused the curiosity of many flower lovers. To grow this species successfully a warm house is necessary. I have often wondered why we do not see more of that noble variety, O. Alarshallianum. True, it's a bit straggly in growth, also a spring flower, but wherever a batch is to be seen, it is apt to cause admiration. Still, there is such a variation with the different varieties of Oncidiums being collected in different sections and dif- ferent altitudes, we find some species thrive best with more heat, others with less. Marshallianum, for instance, will resent too nuich in quick order, and can be handled better with a few degrees less than are applied to Cattle\as. Vanda Caerulea, when any one comes down to a deli- cate blue orchid such as Caerulea, they are mighty scarce. For autumn cut flowers or for decoration, the graceful sprays of Caerulea will have a telling effect wherever placed ; in fact, one may say, this variety stands alone for its delicate blue shadings. While they all are blue, it is wonderful the dift'erent delicate shades that may be found among a batch, not uncommon to hardly find two plants just alike. Caerulea will also thrive better in a cooler temperature than most of the Vandas. There are so many spray orchids that come to mind that are worthy of mention, yes, far more than can be mentioned in a short article. But. perhaps, the man that can grow tiie Phalaenojisis family to perfection has got one of the choicest spray orchids there is to be had, but why is it, as a rule, when anything is extremely beautiful there is usually something tricky about them? I am satis- tied, that to grow Phalaenopsis successfully, depends largely on the house as well as the general care and good treatment thev receive from the grower. Certain it is, there can be no success in a house unless abundance of moisture can be maintained. We have noticed at times in years gone by, even liefore the up-to-date houses were thought of, Phalaenopsis could be found flourishing with leaves and flower spikes of great substance, and we have also known to change them from that particular house to another would mean partial ruin. Be it as it may, it has been an undisputed fact, these species may flourish in a certain house and lose their vigor in another, even though, the same man was in charge. Such varieties as P. .Amabilis, Schilleriana and Rime- stadiana are, I dare say, three of the best for general pur- poses and for their large, massive sprays. With the host of material in the way of s]jray orchids and their value for decorative effect I have often wondered why they were not more largely grown. How to Produce Perfect Lawns Oft times it is a dil^cult matter to secure a good stand of grass over the lawn or it may be almost impos- sible to maintain the velvety bluegrass, June grass or Bermuda during a period of severe drought. In fact, the problems of the efficient lawn which will prosper for five months in the year are worthy of considerable study on the part of the suburbanite who perhaps oft'- handedly will maintain that soil, seed and water are the only requisites of an attractive and thrifty grass plot, writes George H. Dacy in The Field. As a matter of fact, there is just as much science involved in the culture of a seemly greensward as there is in the pro- duction of our most valuable economic crops and plants. The lawn must be favored with plenty of available plant food for the proper nourishment of the grass ; it must have access to plenty of sunlight ; it must be sup- plied with sufficient moisture: it must be maintained free of weeds: the grass clijipings must be left on the lawn to decay and enrich the soil, and the correct amount and suitable \ariety of grass seeri'^l'^.^ .\N IDEAL LOCATION FOR .\ CITY G.\RDEN SPOT— /F TIIK "IRKIG.MOR" PROVES TRUSTWORTHY. 14 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. implement, but by one whose couleur rose is that of the blossom. Leaning on the dark blue handle of one of these, you may gaze at the cluster of dark blue larkspur at your feet wliile you listen to the song of the lark in the dark blue heavens. And speaking of larks — leaving for tlie moment the subject of spades — birds are to be very popular in the gardens this season. One gleans this information from a garden e.xhibit. They are not real birds, of course : the real bird is too obvious a visitor and too closely associated with utilitarian needs, such as picking off bugs from the rose bushes. The birds selected for the garden will be as artificial as the other innovations. The shops are now displaying foreign looking bird cages made of wicker, such as one sees on the little trees that intensive farming- makes possible in some tiny l-'rench garden. These are painted in some vivid hue, or gilded gayly, are bell-shaped aild hold a parti-colored paroquet whose magnificent plumage makes just the right bit of color in a dreary spot of the garden or an orange and black creature with a tail that resembles one of the fashionable aigrettes and seems to gaze longingly through the wicker bars of its swaying cage, with a pathetic expression to its glass eye and a soulful droop to its taxidermatized wing. The brilliant little humming bird that you see evidently alighting for the moment on the stalk of some old- fashioned stock is in realitv a garden stick, its end stuck in the earth, its head representing some feathered song- ster ; a seeming dragon fly never flies away, and a yellow oriole, the shyest of all migratory birds, remains all day firmly planted to a selected spot, and if you put out a hand to stroke its plumage he will not even chirp. Little footstools are provided for you to sit at your task of weeding wild carrots or other pests of the farmer which sometimes stray from the kitchen garden among the flower beds. The legs are painted to match the flow- ers, as are the spade handles, and one can have pink, blue, heliotrope, emerald or scarlet. A ribbon handle with bow adds to the general eiifect immensely, and swinging from the sleeve of the flowered chintz who could cavil at the picture afforded. — Sitn. CULTURAL NOTES ON THE TOMATO. By J.AMES S. B.JiCHE. Tomatoes are one of our most important crops, not only with the truck farmer but with every one who main- tains a garden from the cottager to the large private establishment which grow for their own use. It is tomatoes everywhere. What we all want to know is. which are the best varieties to grow and how to grow them. Some 20 years ago the tomato was not much heard of. Those who talked of them mostly were of the opinion that they were a breeder of cancers and unfit even for hogs. But today all this is changed ; the best physicians will tell you to eat tomatoes and when you think of the many ways the tomato is used, baked, boiled, fried, stewed, canned, preserved, in so many ways it is no use trying to tell of their usages. I will leave all that to the cook and proceed to explain how to grow the tomato. The culture of the tomato is so easy that it is often neglected. It is often the case that they are planted and left to take care of themselves, which is a great mistake. We can never get something for nothing : to grow good tomatoes the grower must give them some attention. Here is how I grow tomatoes. I sow the seed at the end of March or the second week in April in a box or pan and as soon as they show the rough leaf I pick them oft' in as small a pot as I can get, for this reason, to keep them stocky and short jointed, for if you give them lots of root room and loose soil you will get rank growth which means no fruit. When six inches high they should be fit to plant out in the garden or field where the ground has been prepared for them. I find the best and quickest way to prepare the groimd is to dig pits 15 inches deep at the distance of three feet apart in the rows and si.x feet from row to row. In these pits I put a fork of good rotten manure and a 2-inch put of fine bone meal well worked up to the depth of 18 inches. Fill in some soil to leave the ground in a hollow to take water if required. To each plant I put a strong stake 6 feet high to which I lie my plant after I have given it the first pinch to make it give me two shoots. After it begins to grow I keep all side shoots rubbed ofl', not cut. Don"t leave it as long as to require the knife. As you see the shoots breaking rub them out ; this will save the plant from spending its strength on useless growth. When you have two or three good clusters of fruit formed it is time to feed them with some stimulant of some sort which should consist of liquid manure in the way of cow or sheep dropping well soaked in water. One pail of manure to 50 gallons of water make a good stimulant. When watering give a good drenching and at all times keep the soil well hoed about the plants to keep the weeds down and surface loose to let warmth down to the roots. Remember they are a plant that like a light, dry atmosphere to set their !^p:imim^ .'%V. m:-/- B.xciiE's .\nuxn.\x"CE. blossoms and if they get crowded and shaded you will not get good results. The varieties to grow I would prefer to leave to the grower as every one has not the same taste as to flavor, color or shape, in which there is a great difference in the different varieties grown. I may say I have grown most of the best varieties in America as well as those from the other side, and by crossing I have succeeded in getting a tomato which is worthy of a trial. . It has been awarded a first-class certificate of merit at Boston and it has been honored with specials and commended wherever it has been shown. It is named Bache's .-Kbimdance. You will notice in the accompanying ]5hoto that the fruit is without de- pression at the stem end. .\ fruit that is round and with- out ridges : a fruit that is well formed and compact : a fruit of medium size growing in large clusters. When the fruit is matured its bunches touch the soil. This I consider a good tomato. .Some future time I will endeavor to give some notes on the culture of the tomato under glass, and on its diseases and insect enemies, and what are the best remedies to use to keep diseases and insects in check. The Means of Utilizing Birds in Horticulture AFany ]jeoi)Ie have absorbed tlic itlea that liirds were created to protect the crops from insect pests, but the relations of birds, insects and other forms of animal life are not quite so simple as this belief would indicate. No man, according to an address made by Edw. H. Forbush before the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, yet is wise enough to understand fully the marvellous relations and interdependences existing between the various forms of animal and vegetable life, but we know that there exist between vegetation, insects and birds what may be termed, for want of a lietter word, primeval economic relations, a sort of dependence one upon another ; the existence of each one depending upon the existence of the others. Birds perform the function of an aerial police force, because they are the best fitted of all the forms of animal life to concentrate quickly on any unusual irruption of insects or other lesser animals. Such an influence, work- ing thus upon destructive or potentially destructive pests must of necessity have a beneficient relation to agricul- tural industries. Birds have a marvellous capacity for destroying pests. They are wonderfully active and tre- mendously energetic and the resultant great and constant wasting of the tissues calls for exceedingly rapid renewal. Constant fuel is required to keep the vital fires lirightly burning. Hence, birds require an enormous c|uantity of food. The late Chester A. Reed, author of "Bird Guide," regarded one hundred insects as the average number eaten by each individual insectivorous bird daily. He estimated by an ingenious calculation that two billion five hundred and sixty million (2,560,000,000) insects or twenty-one thousand (21,000) bushels are eaten daily by the birds of Massachusetts. I believe it was Professor Lawrence Bruner who estimated that the birds of Ne- braska, a much larger State, ate one hundred and seventy carloads in a day. When we consider that a very large proportion of the insects are injurious, or would become injurious, to crops or trees if not held in check, we can see the advantage of increasing and fostering bird life. ^^'e may even reduce some of these benefits to the com- mon standard of. dollars and cents. I hold in my hand a document, containing a message of the President to Congress, transmitting a report of the biological survey of the Department of Agriculture, in which it is stated that a single species of hawk saves the farmers $175,000 yearly l)y destroying grasshoj)pers and field mice ; and that the native sparrows of the United States save to the agriculturists $35,000,000 yearly by destroying weed seeds. Professor F. E. L. Ileal of the Department of Agriculture has made a careful study which seems to show that each pair of meadow larks is worth at least $4 a year to the farmer, because of the grass they save by the destruction of insect pests. A friend in Bristol County, having carefully studied the work of the bob-white or quail is satisfied that each pair on his farm is worth $5 a year to him, because of the potato beetles and other insects the\- destroy. I'.irds are of greater potential value in the field and forest than in orchard or garden. Insecticides and other means may be used to control certain pests, but we can- not spray with poisonous showers the grass which horses and cattle eat, nor can we spray all the trees in all the woods. We are absolutely dependent on the birds and other natural enemies of insects to i)rotect the trees and the grass crops of the country from insect pest.s. Wher- ever birds e.xist in normal number, they perform this office well except where some foreign pest has been intro- duced which they are not accustomed to. Something, however, may be done to utilize Iiirds in horticulture and fruit growing, for there are many in- jurious insects that cannot be reached by ar.senical spray- ing. Some which are readily destroyed by birds cannot be controlled by any practicable mechanical means now known. Birds, if attracted to an orchard in numbers, are very destructive to the principal leaf-eating insects, such as the tent caterpillar and the canker worms, the codling moth and, in less degree, to tlie gypsy and the brown-tail moth which our birds do not yet fully understand, al- though about fifty species are known to feed on one or both. Such insects can be controlled by spraying, but there are many insects which feed under the bark or in the wood, destroying the tree, which cannot be reached by spraying, for e.xample, the introduced leopard moth. Fruit growers know how dangerous a pest it is, but there is little fear that there will be any great loss from this insect in the country at large, provided we are able to foster and increase the stock of native insectivorous birds. Nuthatches save the orcbardist thousands of dollars in one season. The principal means of utilizing birds in horticulture are to attract them to the spots where they are needed and to protect them there and, if possible, increase their numbers. Owls are among the most beneficial of all birds because they destroy mice and nocturnal' insects, particu- larly field mice, which are very destrucive to trees and crops. All European writers who have obsei-vcd the habits of the owls agree that they are wonderfully useful in this respect. Our larger species, such as the great horned owl and the barred owl sometimes molest poultry and game, but the smaller species almost never pursue fowls or pigeons except when driven by stress of weather and starvation. The screech owl may often l)e induced to make its home on a farm by putting up a nesting box for its accommodations. A box twelve inches square and fifteen inches high with an entrance near the top four inches by five would be ample for a family of screech owls, and such a box as this was chosen by a pair of screech owls near my orchard. In this they reared their young and while there destro\ed all the mice about the place. In conserving small birds, it is well, so far as [lossible, to secure the services of their natural protectors. King- birds, while quarrelsome, act as protectors to other small' birds by driving away crows and hawks. Kingbirds may often be induced to nest in the orchard by hanging on branches or fences a plentiful supply of cotton string cut in lengths of one foot. This sometimes will induce orioles to nest. Martins also drive away hawks. Some few experiments have been made with birds iir greenhouses by introducing them there as protectors of the plants. In one such case, some juncos and tree spar- rows, shut in a greenhouse in the fall and kept there dur- ing the winter, absolutely destroyed a pest of plant lice. Hummingbirds are serviceable among flowering plants, not only because, like the bees, they distribute pollen, but also for the rea.son that they feed on many of the minute insects of the plants and flowers, some of which may be too small to escape the notice of other birds, rimnmers may be reariiiy attracted by planting bee balm, honey- suckle, or almost any deep, bell-sliaped flower. 16 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. MARTIN C. EBEL, Managing Editor. Published by CHRONICLE PRESS M. E. MAYNARD, President. A. A. FAY, Sec'y. Office of Publication 1 MontKomery Street, Jersey City, N. J. New York Office 236 WILLIAM STREET, NEW YORK CITY. Single Copies, 10 Cent Sjbscription Price. 12 Months, $1.00 :: Foreign. $1.50 Entered as second class matter February 18, 1905, at the Post Office at Jersey City, N. J., under Act of Congress of March 3, 1879. Published on the 15th of each month. Advertising forms close on the 10th preceding publication. For information regarding advertising rates, etc., address Advertising Department, Gardeners' Chronicle, Madison, N. J. ADOPTED AS THE OFFICIAL ORGAN OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF GARDENERS President, Vice-President, Treasurer, WM. H. WAITE, J. W. EVERETT, JAMES STUART. Yonkers, N. Y. Glen Cove, X. Y. Maraaroneck. N. Y. Secretary. MARTIN C. EBEL. Madison, N. J, TRUSTEES FOR 1914. Peter Duff, Orange, N. J.; William Kleinheinz, Ogonu, Pa.; William Duckham, Madison, N. J. ; Alexander MacKenzie, Highland Falls, N. Y. ; John H. Dodds, Wyncote, Pa. DIRECTORS. To serve until 1915 — John Shore. Harrison, N. Y. ; Thomas Proctor, Lenox, Mass. ; William N. Craig, Brookline, Mass. ; Frank E. Witney, Fishkiii, N. Y. ; Robert Williamson, Greenwich, Conn. ; F. Kirk, Bar Harbor, Me.; James Bell, New York, N. Y. To serve until 1916 — Thomas W. Logan, Jenkintown, Pa.; John F. Huss, Hartford, Conn.; Jas. MacMachan. Tuxedo Park, N. Y.; A. Bauer, Deal Beach, N. J. ; John W. Jones, Pittsburgh, Pa. ; Alexander McPherson, Washington, D. C. : James C. Shield, Monticello, 111. To serve until 1917— A. J. Smith, Lake Geneva, Wis.; Theodore Wirth, Minneapolis, Minn.; Wm. Hetrick. San Gabriel, Cal.; Robert Angus, Tarrytown, N. Y. ; Robert P.ottomley, New Canaan, Conn.; Alex. Fraser, Newport, R. I. ; Arthur Smith, Reading, Pa. Vol. X\'III. ALW. 1914. Nu. 1. The Chronicle is not given to sounding the praises in its columns which others may bestow on it, as it always has felt that space this would occupy can be utilized for more interesting matter to our readers. Let it be 'understood, however, that our readers are no less appreciative than those of our contemporaries" columns in lauding us as "You are the best ever," "You can't be beat," "I cannot do without you." Of course, we like to receive such expressions of com- mendation and herewith acknowledge them collec- tively ; but, kind reader, if you do not see your compli- mentary manifestation in print, do not believe us to be any the less appreciative for it. We can say with all candor, that the many congratulatory messages which come to us are as straws indicating that the Chroxicle is making a gradual and steady growth as an influencing factor in the horticultural world. Can vou not observe it? Mr. Gardener, it is not too soon to plan for the 1915 spring show to be held in New York. The private grower was much favored in the last two spring events in New York, and a glance at the make-up of next year's Flower Show Committee printed else- where in these columns should make it self evident that the gardener's interest will again be safeguarded. He is not asked to underwrite the guarantee fund, to contribute to the expenses of the show or to assume any obligations, except to prepare in ample time to lift the generous prizes which are again to be offered. This obligation he should faithfully assume. THE GLORY OF THE GARDEN. Our England is a garden that is full of stately views, Of borders, beds and shrubberies and lawns and avenues, With statues on the terraces and peacocks strutting by ; But the Glory of the Garden lies in more than meets the eye. For where the old thick laurels grow, along the thin red wall. You'll find the tool- and potting-sheds which are the heart of all The cold-frames and the hot-houses, the dung-pits and the tanks, The rollers, carts and drain-pipes, with the barrows and the planks. .\nd there you'll see the gardeners, the men and 'prentice boys Told off to do as they are bid and do it without noise ; For, except when seeds are planted and we shout to scare the birds, The Glory of the Garden it abideth not in words. And some can pot begonias and some can bud a rose. And some are hardly fit to trust with anything that grows ; But they can roll and trim the lawns and sift the sand and loam, For the Glory of the Garden occupieth all who come. Our England is a garden, and such gardens are not made By singing: — "Oh. how beautiful," and sitting in the shade, \Miile better men than we go out and start their working lives At grubbing weeds from gravel-paths with broken dinner- knives. There's not a jjair of legs so thin, there's not a head so thick, There's not a hand so weak and white, nor yet a heart so sick. But it can find some needful job that's crying to be done, For the Glory of the Garden glorifieth every one. Then seek your job with thankfulness and work till further orders, If it's only netting strawberries or killing slugs on borders ; And when your back stops aching and vour hands begin to harden. You will find yourself a partner in the Glory of the Garden. Oh, Adam was a gardener, and God who made him sees That half a proper gardener's work is done upon his knees. So when your work is finished, you can wash your hands and pray For the Glory of the Garden that it may not pass away ! And the Glory of the Garden it shall never pass away ! RUDYARD KiPLI.N'G. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 17 NATIONAL ASSOCIATION NOTES M. C. EBEL, Secretary, MADISON, N. J. THE CO-OPERATIVE MOVEMENT. A number of tlie local societies have appointed their co-operative committees in response to the communica- tion sent out by the National Association last month, reciuesting that such action be taken by the organization desiring to co-operate with it. Those societies which have not yet taken action but which intend doing so, and those which have already done so but have not yet reported to the secretary of the association, will confer a favor on the National Committee by acting at their earliest con- venience, and by sending tlie names of those elected from the committee to ]\I. C. Ebel, secretary, National Asso- ciation of Gardeners, Madison, N. J. THE BY-LAWS IN PAMPHLET FORM. The revised By-Laws of the association have been pub- lished in pamphlet form and are ready for distribution to all memljers who may desire a copy. A card to the secre- tary's office asking that a copy be sent will receive atten- tion and a copy of the By-Laws will be forwarded. THE SERVICE BUREAU. The association's service bureau has recently had many inquiries for first class assistants, but has found difficulty in filling the positions, in fact several of them are still unfilled at this writing, due, it seems, to a scarcity of capable men willing to act in assistants capacities. On the other hand there are many young men about, all seeking liead gardeners" positions, of which there are a decided scarcity just at this time. The young men, if efficient to fill the position of head gardener or superintendent are to be commended for their ambition to improve themselves, but remember the old adage : "A bird in hand is worth two in the bush" ; and, so, the young man may frequently be far better off holding down a good assistant's position and awaiting his opportunity for betterment, than to give up a good i)osition to go out to seek his opportunity with nothing definite in view. SPRING FLOWER SHOW FOR NEW YORK IN 1915. All arrangements have been completed for another spring show in New York, the date agreed on being March 17 to 23, 1915. Organization was completed early this month, the 1915 Flower Show Committee being con- stituted as follows : Frank R. Pierson, chairman ; T. A. Havemeyer, vice-chairman ; John Young, secretary ; Fred. R. Newbold, treasurer; Chas. H. Totty, Wm. H. Duck- ham, James Stuart, Wallace R. Pierson, Jos. A. Manda, M. C. Ebel, Julius Roehrs, F. L. Atkins, Frank H. Traend- ley, Geo. V. Nash, Prof. N. L. Britton, Wm. H. Siebrecht. The committee has already held several meetings to prepare the schedule which it hopes to have ready for distribution early in June. It is the committee's aim to have more groups and massive plants at next year's show than were seen at the previous shows. Many other new features are also to be introduced to make the show the most attractive of any ever held in this country. AMONG THE GARDENERS James F. Slimon, for many years manager of J. M. Thorl)urn & Co., later of Vaughan's New York store, and more recently holding a similar position with Grant F. Lippert, died at his home in Brooklyn on May 8, in his 51st year. Mr. Slimon numbered a host of friends among the gardening fraternity who will be grieved to learn of his untimely demise. D. L. Alackintosh was recently appointed chief horti- culturist at the Minnesota State Prison, Stillwater, Minn. ISefore going west some years ago, Mr. Mackintosh was superintendent of Bell wood Farm, Geneva, N. Y., but he has since become a firm believer in big future opportuni- ties for the gardener in the Northwest. W. D. Nickerson, gardener on the estate of M. T. Jones, at Houston, Texas, will come North to take charge of the Jones summer home at North Conway, N. H. R. W. Fowkes, who was appointed gardener on the Howard Cole estate, Madison, N. J., this spring, is now in full charge of that place. J. C. Shield writes under recent date that everything in the section of Alonticello, 111., is looking splendid, and that they expect to pick fresh jieas, etc., about the 30th, which will be only five davs later than usual. Wm. Plumb, chief of horticulture of the Panama-Pacific Exposition, assumed the duties of his position on Mav 1st. N. Buttcrbach has been appointed general sujierintend- ent of the new B. B. Ward estate, New Rochelle, N. Y. A\'illiam Allan, formerly gardener to Dr. Jacobs, has accepted a similar position on the estate of Mrs. Geo. D. Widener, of Newport, R. I. APPLICATION FOR MEMBERSHIP National Association of Gardeners I hereby apply for Membership in your Association : — Name in fall Occupation A ddr ess — — Date Reference Formurd AppUcuHon io M. C. EBEL. Secreiiry. Madison, N. ].. txiith dues, -which tre $2.00 jutnvilly, including subscrip- tion to the official org in of the Association. 18 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. A RECORD UNIQUE The little town of Lenox is justly celebrated for several things, notably its beautiful scenery, magnificent country homes and its literary associations. But there is another feature which will interest the horticultural and agricul- tural fraternity, and that is, the men who have charge of the Lenox estates, who for some reason which seems peculiar to the locality, "stay put," a characteristic which has become so marked that a Xew York seedsman is responsible for the assertion that the Lenox superin- tendents "neither die nor resign." That this statement may be a trifle overdrawn in the first part we will not attempt to deny, but we submit that there are few locali- ties in these United States or in the world which can match our record. For we have within a radius of three miles twenty-seven estates of varying size, the superin- tendents of which have an aggregate of five hundred and forty years service to their credit, or an average of twenty years each. And if we select ten of the long service men they average thirty-one years each. Nearly a dozen have been the only occupants of their position, having been there from the beginning of the place as a country estate and some have held their position under several owners, apparent!}- being like Tennyson's "Brook," for owners may come, and owners may go but they go on for ever. Some may argue that staying long in one place tends to make a man narrow, or moss-grown. Be this as it may, long and faithful service has ever been looked upon with some measure of respect the world over and employer as well as employee may well be congratulated u]ion a con- dition so honorable to all parties. We feel that the accompanying photograph would be incomplete without a few words about the men and the estates the\- manage, so we will commence with the dean of the corps, John Baker, who is seventy-five years young, straight as an arrow and as active as a youth : he has had charge of "The Dormers," Mrs. R. T. .-Xchnnitvs' estate. for more than forty-five years and is an allround farmer and gardener. Our next veteran is William Henry, who for forty years has "gardened finely" at Groton Place, the estate of Mr. Grenville L. Winthrop, where there is a very fine Italian garden, e.xtra fine hardy trees and a very interesting orchard of dwarf fruit trees. James Feeley is quite in the running with thirty-eight years at Wyndhurst, the estate of the late John Sloane. Mr. Feeley's special- ties are pedigreed cattle, j)oultry, orchards, vegetables and all the rest that goes to make the products of a complete country home. Charles Mattoon is in the same class, hav- ing for thirty-eight years had charge of the Morgan Farm on the \'entford Hall estate. Alexander McConnachie, who is now for the second time president of the Lenox Horticultural Society, has been at "Tanglewood," Mr. Richard C. Dixey's place, for the last thirty-three years, gardening and farming. Afr. John M. Hughes is our next subject, and he has been at "Wayside," the estate of Mrs. Wm. H. Bradford, for thirty years. Rudolf A. Schmidt has been at "Sunnycroft," the estate of Mrs. G. G. Haven for twenty-six years, and in addition to being an expert horticulturist has been very successful with poultry. E. J. Xorman is rapidly approaching the quarter century mark as superintendent of "Erskine Park," the estate of the late George Westinghouse. Here are lawns of nearly a hundred acres in e.xtent and miles of drives as well as powerful fountains which play every day in summer, and Mr. Norman has had the making of it all. A. H. Wmgett is likewise getting very close to the quarter century mark as superintendent of ".Mien Winden," Mr. Charles Lanier's estate. Air. Wingett is a delegate to the State Board of .\griculture, where he very ably represents the Lenox Florticultural Society. George H. Thom]:)son was unavoidably absent when the photo was taken, but was worthily represented by George H., Jr. Mr. Thomjjson has had charge of "Wheatleigli," the estate of Mr. Carlos De Heredia for some twentv-two \'ears and has been Reading left to right the names are: Front row — Walter Marsden, Tl^omas Prcctor. E. .1. Xorman, John M. Hughes. .\. McConnachie, Wm. Henry, John Baker, James Feeley. Cha^. Matton.- Second row — Wm. Tirrell, John Krah, David Dunne, F. H.. Butler, -Walter Jack, John Donahue, R. A. Schmidt, Harry Herreman. Third row — George H. Ferguson, ,\. J. Loveless, Alex. McLeod, Frec^erick Herremans, A. H. Wingett, George Foulsham,' Edwin Jenkins, S. Carl- quist, Robert Purcell, George H. Thompson, Jr. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 19 there ever since the place was started. "Wheatleigh" is noted for its beautiful Italian gardens, fine coniferous trees and the production of high class vegetables. Frank H. Butler has been twenty-two years superin- tendent of "Interlaken," the estate of Mrs. John E. Par- sons. Air. Butler has been selectman for the town of Lenox for many years and the estate he manages has always been noted for its excellent collections of her- baceous plants. G. W. Ferguson is another of our city fathers and has had charge of "Pinecroft'' for a score of years. "Pinecroft" is the estate of Air. F. A. Schemer- horn, and Air. Ferguson made it famous by raising a record crop of wheat a few years ago. A. J. Loveless has nearly a score of years to his credit as superintendent of "Wyndhurst Gardens," the estate of Airs. W. E. S. Gris- wold. Air. Loveless has always been a heavy prize win- ner at all the exhibitions and has done some good work in hybridization of amaryllis and orchids. John Krah ha.; been nineteen years in charge of "Coldbrooke," the estate of the late Captain John S. Barnes and has always been to the front with the good things of horticulture and agri- culture. John Donahue has seen nineteen years at "Bel- voir Terrace," Airs. Alorris K. Jessups' place. Air. Dona- hue succeeded his father, the late P. J. Donahue, who was widely known as a clever landscape gardener, and "Belvoir Terrace" is a fine example of his work. Walter Alarsden superintends "Sunnyridge," the estate of Air. George W. Folsom, and has done so for eighteen years. Here are interesting old fashioned gardens and superb lawns. Edwin Jenkins has been at "Bellefontaine," the estate of Air. Giraud Foster, for seventeen years. Sigerd Carlquist has had charge of "Ethelwyn," Mrs. Robert Winthrop's place, for thirteen years and has always been in the forefront at the shows with grapes, carna- tions, chrysanthemums and vegetables. Thomas Proctor has been at "Blantyre," the estate of Air. R. W. Paterson, for something over thirteen years, and in that time "Blan- tyre" has become famous for its chrysanthenuuns, orchids and its conservatory, which is always Ijright with what- ever flowers are in season. The work of laying out "lilantvre" was largelv planned and entirely carried out by Air. Proctor. "Elm Court," the estate of Air. W. D. Sloane. is one of the largest and best appointed places in the country, and is under the able superintendence of Frederick Herremans, where lie has been this eleven years past. Mr. Herre- mans is an expert exhibitor especially of plant groups for effect, in which he is seldom defeated. Walter Jack has been at "Sprinklawn," the estate of Airs. John E. Alexandre, ever since its beginning some eleven years ago, and is strong on annuals, early vegetables and all kinds of hardy plants. David Dunne has been at "Clips- ton Grange," the estate of Air. Frank K. Sturgis, for eleven years, and a glance at the ])lace will convince any one that an able gardener is in charge. William Tirrel is another eleven year man and like many of the others it is not his fault that he has not a longer period of service to his credit, for he has been at "Pine Needles'' ever since the owner. Air. George Batty Blake, started the place. George Foulsham is likewise deprived of the honor of having served a, few score years by the fact that Air. W. B. O. Field, the ovv'ner of "Highlawn," only opened up the place some five years ago. This fact has not prevented Air. Foulsham from showing up strong at the summer shows with sweet-peas, perennials and an- nuals Robert Purcell has been at "Eastover," the estate of Air. Harris Fahnestock since its Ijeginning some four years ago. This place promises to rank high among the Lenox gardens. Harry Herremans is one of the juniors, having been at "Edgecombe," the estate of the Alisses Furnisses, for about three years, and Alexander AIcLeod is another of the newcomers, he having charge of "White Lodge," the estate of Air. Albert R. Shattuck. A HORTICULTURAL INVESTIGATION. The Bureau of Plant Industry, of the United States Department of Agriculture, has undertaken to conduct a campaign of investigation on the behavior of ornamental plants in all parts of the United States, and as much in- formation as is possible to obtain is naturally desirable on the actual behavior of the plants in different localities. With this in view, a form for the recording of the desired information has been prepared, which will be supplied to anyone signifying a willingness to co-operate in the work. The information asked for covers the time of opening and dropping of leaves and flowers, and coloring and dropping of fruit when there are any. F. L. Alulford, Landscape Gardener of the Bureau of Plant Industry, in charge of the investigation, believes that the gardeners of America are in a position to ma- terially help the department in this work and he invites them to co-operate in it to the Imit of their available time. Those who can assist in the investigation should imme- diately address themselves to F. L. Alulford, Landscape Gardener, Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C., and they will then be supplied with the necessary blanks and instructions for gathering the information that is being sought. In co-operating with the I'nited States .Agricultural De- partment in this cause the gardeners will indirectly Ijenefit themselves as the accumulated information will be prop- erly compiled and the records w'ill be filed as a future reference : so that it will be possible for the gardener to inform himself on the habits of the different ornamental plants in the various localities of the country, and not find it necessary, as he frequently does now to plant and tlien learn, by experience, that certain plants are not adaptable for the surroundings in which they are planted. AN INTERESTING EXHIBIT. To those particular appreciative lovers of rare green- house flowering plants the following will bring back to the memories of those who had the opportunity to view the mnnerous exhibits of Acacias, Ericas and Boronias at the International Flower Show which was held in the latter part of Alarch in Xew York, wliat a fine dis- play they were. It must have been most pleasing for the many British gardeners in particular, who visited this show to note the increasing number of entries made this year over last, and the most pleasing part of it is that ninety-nine per cent, of all the plants were American grown, and there- fore not imported or grown in Europe. I was over-joyed at the very fine collection staged by the Knight & Struck Company of Flushing, New York, for wliich they were awarded the first prize. In this group I noticed several very fine plants, among which I mention the following few : Hardcnbcrghia iMoiiophylla : a beautiful dark mauve flower. Chovsia Tcniata: with its sweet scented orange blos- som-like flowers. Boroiiia Elafior; bearing innumerable cherry cerise oval flowers. Boroiiia M(\i;asfii;iiia ; chocolate colored sweet scented flowers. Splendid plants of CoroncUa Claiica: showing masses of glistening bright yellow flowers. Magnificent seven-inch l-'ots, of well-flowered Chorozcma Cordate Variety Sp'.cndcns. 20 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. Special mention is to be made of the beautiful Eauera Rubioides : dozens of well-flowered specimens were to be ■seen. Among the Acacias, I noted A. Cordata; a dwarf species, cat-tailed spikes of light yellow flowers; A. Longifolia, A. Heterophylla, A. Floribunda, A. Cidtri- f or mis. etc. Among the most noteworthy varieties of Ericas, I was delighted to see some Erica Trauslusccns; fine specimens in eight-inch Azalea Pans, bearing eight to nine spikes of pink-tubed flowers ; Erica Sindryana, also called the Blue Heath, long-tubed variety ; elegant plants of Erica Cavendishii, the yellow heath ; Erica Perspicua Erecta, the white-tubed variety; also elegant specimens of Erica Pcrsoluta alba and Rosea; Erica Barbata: and hundreds of Erica Cnpressiana. a dwarf heath bearing innumerable clusters of pink bells. I understand this firm grows some twenty distinct varieties of Ericas, devoting some ten houses to their culture exclusively. I had occasion to visit their estab- lishment last fall, and I must admit my surprise to view the enormous stock they had on hand at that time. Henry Le Ciiev.alier. THE AMERICAN SWEET PEA SOCIETY'S PRELIMINARY SCHEDULE OF PRIZES FOR THE SUMMER EXHIBI- TION, TO BE HELD AT THE MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY, NEW YORK, JUNE 27 & 28, 1914. The Henry F. Michell Company's Prizes. — For the best six vases of Sweet Peas. 2.t sprays, and a vase of six distinct Spencer varieties, the Mitchell silver medal. For the best 2.t blooms Sweet Peas, Apple Blossom, Spencer with foliage, the Mitchell silver medal. For the best vase Sweet Peas, Spencer varieties mixed with foliage, not less than 100 Idooms. the Mitchell silver medal. ilessrs. R. & .J. Farqnhar & Co.'s Prize. — Best bridal bouquet of Sweet Peas. Gypsophila sprays or foliage other than that of the Sweet Pea may be used. (Private gardeners only.) Three prizes. First prize, $10; second prize, $6; third prize, $4. The Knight & Struck Company's Prizes. — For the best vase of Sweet Peas, containing 25 sprays, of which no two are alike in shading. First prize, $2.5; second prize, $15; third prize, $10. The Peter Henderson & Co.'s Prizes (for Private Oardeners). — For the best 12 vases, 20 sprays to vase, of 12 distinct varieties of Spencer Sweet Peas. First prize, $25; second prize. $15; third prize, $10. The Peter Henderson & Co.'s Prizes (for Amateurs Only). — Best vase 12 sprays white Spencer Sweet Peas , $5.00 TSest vase 12 sprays pink Spencer Sweet Peas 5.00 Best vase 12 sprays lavender Spencer Sweet Peas 5.00 Best vase 12 sprays bicolor Spencer Sweet Peas 5.00 Best vase 12 spraj's cream-pink Spencer Sweet Peas 5.00 Best vase 12 sprays crimson Spencer Sweet Peas 5.00 Best vase 12 sprays orange Spencer Sweet Peas 5.00 Best vase 12 sprays rose Spencer Sweet Peas 5.00 Sweepstakes. — To the winner of the greatest number of Peter Henderson & Co.'s amateur prizes, $10. Messrs. Burnett Brothers' Prize. — A silver cup, value $25. The W. Atlee Burpee Cup (Value .$25). — For the finest 12 vases of Sweet Peas, 12 varieties. The W. Atlee Burpee Prize. — For the best vase of one variety ■of Spencer type Sweet Peas introduced 1914. First prize, $5; second prize, $3 ; third prize, $2. The \V. Atlee Burpee Prize. — For the best vase of Grandiflora t}'pe Sweet Peas, one variety. First prize, .$5; second prize, $3; tliird prize. $2. The Arthur T. Boddington Prize (Challenge Silver Cup, Value $50). — For a collection of Sweet Peas, 25 varieties, not less than 25 stems to a vase, to be shown with Sweet Pea foliage only. To be won twice by the same exhibitor. There will also be awarded to the winner of this cup (each time won) a cash prize -of $25; second prize, $15; third prize, $10. The C. C. Morse & Co.'s Prize (A Silver Cup, value $25).— For the finest display of .Sweet Peas. Open to the seed trade only. Messrs. Stump & Walter Company's Prize. — For the best six vases of Sweet Pears, six distinct Spencer varieties, 20 sprays to the vase. First prize, $15; second prize, $10; third prize, $5. For private gardeners only. The Henry A. Dreer Prizes. — For the best vase of Florence Nightingale Sweet Peas. First prize, $3; second prize, $2. For tlie best vase Queen Alexandra .Spencer, Sweet Peas; first prize, $3; second prize, $2. For the best vase white Spencer Sweet Peas; first prize, $3; second prize. .$2. The ilount Desert Nurseries Prizes. — For the best vase of Sweet Peas, one varietj-, any color, 25 stems arranged for effect, any other foliage than Sweet Pea may be used. First prize, $7.50; second prize, $2.50. Mrs. Sutton & Son's Prize (A Silver Cup, value .$25). — For the best table of Sweet Peas to be arranged on a space 4 by 3 feet and not to exceed 3 feet in height. Sweet Pea foliage or Gyp- sophila, or both, can be used. The Watkins & Simpson Prize. — For the best six vases Spencer or Unwin Sweet Peas. First prize, $10. The American Sweet Pea Society's Prize. — For the best dis- play covering 24 square feet; Sweet Pea or other foliage can be used. First prize, The American Sweet Pea Society's silver medal and .$25; second prize. The American Sweet Pea Society's bronze medal and $15. The American Sweet Pea Society's Prizes. — For the best 12 vases of Sweet Peas, 12 varieties, 10 sprays to a vase. First prize, $12; second prize, $8; third prize, $4. The American Sweet Pea Society's Prizes. — For the best six vases of Sweet Peas, 0 varieties, 10 sprays to a vase. First prize, $6; second prize, .$4; third prize, $2. The American Sweet Pea Society's Prizes. — For the best three vases of Sweet Peas, 3 varieties. 10 sprays to a vase. First prize, $4; second prize, $2; third prize, $1. Sweet Peas. — Decoration for table of eight covers; glasses, cut- lery and linen to be used. First prize, $25; second prize, $15; third prize, $10. Exhibitors shall be allowed to use Sweet Pea foliage, asparagus, smilax, Gypsophila or all. Ribbons also allowed. Sweet Peas — Spencers. 1st. 2nd. 3rd. 25 sprays any white variety $4.00 .$3.00 $2.00 25 sprays any crimson. or scarlet 4.00 3.00 2.00 25 sprays any rose or raarmine 4.00 3.00 2.00 25 sprays any yellow or buff 4.00 3.00 2.00 25 sprays any iilue 4.00 3.00 2.00 25 sprays any cerise 4.00 3.00 2.00 25 sprays any deep pink 4.00 3.00 2.00 25 sprays any cream pink 4.00 3.00 2.00 25 sprays any orange 4.00 3.00 2.00 25 sprays any lavender 4.00 3.00 2.00 25 sprays any violet or purple. 4.00 3.00 2.00 25 sprays any magenta 4.00 3.00 2.00 25 sprays any mauve 4.00 3.00 2.00 25 sprays any maroon or bronze 4.00 3.00 2.00 25 sprays any Picotee-edged 4.00 3.00 2.00 25 sprays any striped or flaked red or rose. . 4.00 3.00 2.00 25 sprays any striped or flaked blue or purple 4.00 3.00 2.00 25 sprays any fancy (having tliree colors).. 4.00 3.00 2.00 25 sprays any bicolor other than picotee-edged 4.00 3.00 2.00 25 sprays any marbled or mottled 4.00 3.00 2.00 For Amateurs Only. 1st. 2nd. Best vase white, 12 sprays to a vase $3.00 $2.00 Best vase pink, 12 sprays to a vase 3.00 2.00 Best vase dark pink, 12 spraj's to a vase 3.00 2.00 Best vase lavender. 12 sprays to a vase 3.00 2.00 Best vase salmon or rose, 12 sprays to a vase 3.00 2.00 Best vase crimson or scarlet, 12 sprays to a vase. . . . 3.00 2.00 Best vase primrose, 12 sprays to a vase 3.00 2.00 Best vase any other color, 12 s]irays to a vase 3.00 2.00 Retailers. A Mantel Decoration of Sweet Peas (the mantel to be furnished by the exhibitor). — First prize, offered by The American Sweet Pea Society, a silver medal and $25; second prize. The American Sweet Pea Society's bronze medal and $15. Only Sweet Pea foliage, palms and ferns may Ije used in this class. A Bridal Bouquet of Sweet Peas. — The American Sweet Pea Society's prizes: First prize, $10; second prize, $6. Only Sweet Pea foliage or Gypsophila may be used in this class. A Hamper of Sweet Peas. — The American Sweet Pea Society's prizes: First prize. $15; second prize, $10. Only Sweet Pea foliage may be used. A Corsage of Sweet Peas. — The American Sweet Pea Society's prizes: First prize, $6; second prize, .$3. Sweet Pea foliage or Gypsophila may be used. Michell Special Prize for Geranium, Helen Michell. — First prize, $50 in gold ; second prize. Michell's gold medal ; third prize, Michell's silver medal, for the best single pot (single plant) of the Geranium "Helen Michell" to be exhibited in connection with The Sweet Pea show of The American Sweet Pea Society in New York, end of June. 1914. HARRY A. BUNYAUD, Secretary, May 15, I9I4. 3:42 West 14th St., New York City. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 21 JUNE EXHIBITION OF NEWPORT GARDEN ASSOCIATION AND NEWPORT HORTI- CULTURAL SOCIETY— JUNE 24-25. (Schedule continued from April issue.) Regular Classes — Cut Flowers. 1st. 2iul. 3rfl. Class 43. For tlie best collection of outdoor Roses named varieties, not more than 3 stems or sprays of a vari- ety. cxhil)ited on table 9x3 feet bv Newport County gardeners $12.00 $8.00 $5.00 Class 44. For tlie best vase of 25 American Beauty Roses 7.00 5.00 3.00 Class 45. For the best 12 Hybrid perpetual Roses. 12 varieties in bottles 3.00 2.00 1.00 Class 46. For the best 12 Hvbrid perpetual Roses, 6 varieties "in bottles 3.00 2.00 1.00 Class 47. For the best vase of 12 Hvbrid per- petual Roses, one variety (red) . . 3.00 2.00 1.00 Class 48. For the best vase of 12 Hvbrid per- petual Roses, one variety (pink). 3.00 2.00 1.00 Class 49. For tlie best vase of 12 Hybrid per- petual Roses, one variety (white) 3.00 2.00 1.00 Class 50. For the best vase of 12 Hybrid per- petual Roses, one variety (blush white) .' 3.00 2.00 1.00 Class 51. For the best vase of 25 Hybrid per- petual Roses, any varieties 3.00 2.00 1.00 Class 52. For tlie best vase of 12 Tea or Hy- brid Tea Roses, outdoor grown (red) 3.00 2.00 1.00 Class 53. For the best vase of 12 Tea or Hy- brid Tea Roses, outdoor grown (white) 3.00 2.00 1.00 Class 54. For the best vase of 12 Tea or Hy- brid Tea Roses, outdoor grown (pink) 3.00 2.00 1.00 Class 55. For the best vase of 12 Tea or Hy- bride Tea Roses, outdoor grown (yellow) 3.00 2.00 1.00 Class 56. For the best vase of 12 Tea or Hy- brid Tea Roses, outdoor grown (any other color) 3.00 2.00 1.00 Class 57. For the best 12 Gardenia Bloom... 3.00 2.00 l.OO Class 58. For the best collection of 12 varie- ties of Hardy Herbaceous flowers, named 3.00 2.00 1.00 Class 59. For the best display of Sweet Peas shown with sweet pea foliage lO.OO 8.00 5.00 Class 60. For the best 6 vases of Sweet Peas, 6 distinct varieties, 25 sprays in vase 5.00 3.00 2.00 Class 61. For the best 3 vases of Sweet Peas. 3 distinct varieties, 25 sprays in vase • 3.00 2.00 1.00 Special Classes — Cut Flowers. 1st. 2nd. 3rd. Class 62. For the best vase of outdoor grown Hybrid Tea Roses $6.00 $4.00 Class 63. For the best exhibit of outdoor Roses in a space 9x3 feet Silver Vase, value $25 Class 64. For the best vase of Cut Flowers, artistically arranged A Water Color Sketch Class 65. Best display of Hvbrid Tea Roses in space 6x3 feet 12.00 8.00 5.00 Regular Classes — Baskets and Centrepieces. Class 66. For the best fancy basket of Roses 1st. 2nd. 3rd. and Rose Foliage, outdoor grown. $8.00 .$5.00 $3.00 Class 67. For the best centrepiece of outdoor grown Roses and Rose Foliage. . . 5.00 3.00 2.00 Class 68. For the best fancy basket of Roses, open to gardeners' assistants only 5.00 3.00 2.00 Class 69. For the best fancy basket of Foli- age Plants with flowering plants or cut flowers $15.00 $10.00 Note.— Classes 66. 67, 68, 69 to be shown on second day. 1st. 2nd. 3rd. Class 98. For the best 6 distinct kinds of vegetables $6.00 $4.00 Class 99. For the best 12 distinct kinds of vegetables Silver Cup. NEW APPOINTMENTS AT CORNELL UNIVERSITY. Dr. Beverly T. Galloway has been appointed Dean of the New York State College of Agriculture. He succeeds Prof. L. H. Bailey. Dr. Galloway, who is 50 years of age, has been engaged in floricultural, horticultural and agricultural pursuits since he has been a young man, and has been connected for many years with the United States Department of Agriculture, rising to the position of Assistant Secretary of Agriculture, to which he was appointed about a year ago, and which position he has just resigned to assume the duties of his new appointment. He possesses all the qualifications to fit him for his new office, and Cornell University is to be congratulated on the selection made by its board of trustees in the appointment of Dr. Galloway. At a recent meeting of the Agricultural Council of Cornell University two appointments were made to the staff in the Department of Floricultiu-e. These were the appointment of David Lumsden, of the New Hampshire College of Agriculture, as assistant professor of floricul- ture, and Clark L. Thayer, of the Massachusetts Agricul- tural College, as assistant in investigation. Mr. Lumsden comes to the university splendidly fitted for the work. He is a man of wide experience, of pleasing personality, and speaks easily and clearly. He is a graduate of the Sleaford Collegiate School of London, England, and also of the Veitchian School of Horticulture where he specialized in floriculture. For a number of years he was employed in glass houses on private estates in Eng- land, and for two years before coming to .\merica was in charge of the glass-house department for growing flowers and fruits and also in charge of the room and table decorations for the Duke of Westminster, from whom he holds a testimonial of high efficiency. Since coming to this country nineteen years ago, Mr. Lumsden has spent thirteen years in practical work on commercial places and si.x years at the New Hampshire Agricultural College where has has been in charge of the work in floriculture Mr. Thayer is a native of Enfield, Mass.. and a graduate of the Massachusetts Agricultural College in the class of 1913. During the past year he has been do- ing graduate work at the Massachusetts Agricultural College and has assisted in the teaching. The short courses during the past winter were under his direct supervision. \Ir. Thayer will study for an advanced de- gree at Cornell and assist in investigational work. The staflf of the Department of Floriculture at Cornell is now the largest of any in the United States. It con- sists of the following: Professor Edward A. White, head of the department; Dr. .\. C. Beal. professor of investigation: David Lumsden, assistant professor; Koland H. Patch, instructor ; .\lfred C. Hottes, instructor in investigation; Miss Lua A. Minns, in.structor: Clark L. Thaver, assistant in investigation ; Miss Julia Z. Kelly, secretary and curator; Arthur B. Cornelius, gardener; David Murray, assistant gardener. The CHRONICLE is at the disposal of any person who may desire to subscribe for it. Your address, with one dollar, sent to GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. Madison, N. J., will bring the CHRONICLE to you tor one year. 22 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. THE BEAUTIFUL COLUMBINES. It is strange that such attractive and hardy flowers, so radiantly beautiful, should receive so little attention. They are easily grown, require but little eiTort. and repay all care and labor needed, a hundredfold. Light itself has been dissolved, and ail its prismatic rays have been woven into their bloom. I think one trouble has been that they have not been planted on a scale large enough, and in generous masses, so that their charms could be seen to advantage. People persist in getting a lovely flower, and giving it the task of enlivening dreary surroundings, and the poor thing cannot show to advantage. Then no single one, beautiful as it may be, can rep- resent them all. Does one realize what a great family they are, over fifty native species? No flowers hybridize more readily. You secure a large variety, and then sow seeds from these, and you have a marvelous permutation of beauty. No two flowers of this so-called crop will be entirely alike. The bumble bees, especially, delight in their nectar. They seem alinost intoxicated as they revel in it. (Jf course, they carry the pollen from one flower to another, and the result is something new. There is an intense fascination in watching the various changes wrought, and to see the bewitching loveliness of some of the new arrivals. If one could sort out some of these and name and describe them, he could give some rare treasures to the floral world. By this process you would have the pleasure of forming new acquaintances whom no one else has yet met. Let us take a look at some of them. The Chrysantha. the golden. The color is yellow, and not only that, there is a good ileal of it. It is intense as though the flower had secured all it could, and had packed and pressed it together, in the most lovely form imaginable. What long and delicate spurs it has ! We saw it growing wild in the Yellowstone National Park. There, it was small and comparatively insignificant ; but, transported, with good cultivation, it gives grateful response to kindly at- tention. A flower does not blush as well unseen, while it "wastes its fragrance on the desert air," as when there are admirers, to appreciate its beauty. Many a flower comparatively unattractive in its wild state, will bloom in a prodigality of loveliness, under the influence of cultiva- tion, and where it can be seen and enjoyed. The Picea Pungens, the king of beauty among the conifers, no- where in all the mountains, does as well, as when trans- planted in the rich soil of the prairie or eastern states, and receives the attention it deserves. Then the needles are longer, and the sheen is far brighter, and more radiant than in its own habitat. There is another of attractive appearance, with long and delicate spurs. The petals are snowy white and in- tense blue. It seems a photograph of the sapphire of the sky and the fleecy clouds. This is the Coerlia of the Rockies, and the state flower of Colorado. W'e often see these in masses at an altitude of eight or nine thou- sand feet. In many places the>- grow to great size, as some localities seem' better adapted to their development than others. When taken down to the plains they need some shelter from the burning sun and hot winds. This variety really hybridizes with others, and its motherhood is seen in many types in recent years, So readily does it cross, that though the original plants will be all right, yet the progeny varies so readily, and to such an extent, that pure seed must be secured from the mountains if you would be sure. It is a large, solid flower. It has no spurs whatever. It is quilled like the dahlia. Another is salmon pink, lined with white, a gorgeous flower, and the blooms hang like lamps in a chandelier, around the parent stem. Here is one that is large, compact, snowy white. It is a full and prodigal bloomer, and near it. is a single white, well spurred.. In close proximity, is one of deep blue, a single flower, with long, slender spurs, much like the Coerlia, to wliich it probably owes its parentage. In the crossing, it doubtless got enough of the blue, from one of those of deep azure to eliminate the white. Time would fail to describe them all. The Golden is less liable than others, to enter into crosses. One reason is. that it is so much later, and yet there are several that show its influence, and many of the golden ones have been somewhat swerved from their distinct form. These flowers commence blooming with the tulips, and continue to flower for two months, while the Chrysantha will break out, now and then, all summer. Imagine, if you can, a blend of these charming colors, in a mass of several hundred, some early, others late, some single, others double, many of them tall and others dwarfs. In color from purest white to deepest purple. HOW TO GROW THEM. (let a quantity of mi.xed seed, and sow early in the spring. The seeds are small and, of course, must be planted shallow. Rut here is the trouble, the ground dries before the seed can germinate. Contrive some way to keep the surface wet all the while, day and night, till they come up. But yau would better trust to experts, who make it their business, and buy the plants, which can be had at very reasonable rates, and thus save a good deal of care and ve.xation. and a year's growth, as they will bloom some the first season. Put in rows eighteen to twenty-four inches apart, and twelve to eighteen inches, in the row, and they will soon stool out, and cover the ground. It is better to mulch well with coarse manure, after the ground freezes, and in the spring rake it between the rows. GLEN COVE VS. OYSTER BAY. A bowling contest was held at Ryders .\llevs. Oyster Bay, Friday, May 8, 1914, between teams of five men a side, from Glen Cove representing the Nassau County Horticultural Society andl five from Oyster Bay repre- senting the Oyster Bay Horticultural Society, best two out of three games. Oyster Bav won, taking two straight games. James Duthie, of the Oyster Bay team, was high man in both games. A retdrn match was plaved at Allchins Alleys at Sea Clift', May 18, 1914, same' teams and terms, wdien C)yster Bay again wOn in two straight. Ernest J. Brown, of Glen Cove, made high score in the match, but later in the evening Francis .\. Gale, of Oyster Bay, beat his score, making 200. However, if all the Glen Cove boys had done as good bowling as Brown, thev would undoulDtedly have won the match. A peculiar co- incidence is that the Glen Cove team is made up of four Englishmen and one Scotchman, while 0^•ster Bav has four Scotchmen and one Englishman, and perhaps the two Scotch pipers which the 0\ster Bay boys took to Sea Cliff with them may have had a good deal to do with their winning. We certainly had the bag pipes skirlin' and made the rafters ring and jist for the sake o' Auld Lang Syne. We filled our cups and "Hoot Man" bowled to win. J.\MES Duthie. Pruning For Fruit By V Our primary object in maintaining an orchard is to take from it >ear after year the largest possible quantities of fruit of the best possible grades and at the lowest prac- ticable costs. It is because of this that we cultivate, fer- tilize, thin, spray, prune and otherwise care for the trees. This being true, the value of any particular orchard op- eration or practice can be — and should lie — measured by the way in which it influences yield, grades and cost of production. If then we ask the question. "Why do we prune?" our .answer is that fundamentally we prune to get more fruit and better fruit, to increase quantity and quality. At this point it may be objected by some that we also prune to secure a certain shaped tree. That, however, is a matter of training, and pruning should not be confused with training. Training has to do with the shaping of trees, with making them assume one form or another. We train trees with open or close centers : with round, spreading or flat tops ; with many or few scaffold limbs ; with high or low heads. Training does not have to do directls' with the functioning, with the behavior, of the tree. .V tree trained with an open center may be much better adapted to a certain soil, a certain slope and a cer- tain amount of humidity than a close centered tree of the same variety. The reverse may be true of the same variety under an entirely difi^erent set of conditions. But whether in training we secure a good shape or a poor one for a certain variety, under our conditions, train- ing has to do primarily with form. On the other hand we prune trees to so modify, to so control, their fruit habits that larger and more regular cro])s of better fruit will be borne. In other words, we prune to modify function. B'roadlv speaking, we can control the fruiting habit of fruit trees onl\' in so far as we can control their machinery for, fruit production. The flower is usually regarded as the mechanism that the plant constructs for the ultimate purpose of fruit and seed formation, l)ut flower formation depends, to a very large extent, upon the number of flower spurs, or. as we call them, "fruit spurs," and upon their behavior. This is practical]}' the ec|uivalent of saying that the fruit spur is the real machine throusjh the operation of which fruit is manufactured. Possibly excejition mav be taken to this in the case of bearing on one-year-old wood, but this rather extraordinary habit of some varieties of apples and pears is not general enough to seriously con- flict with the statements made. At anv rate, the fruit spur is the mechanism that the tree usually employs in its work of fruit bearing. WitlnnU 'doubt manv factors influence the initial de- velopment and the later health and vigor and regularit\- of' functioning of fruit spurs. Indeed there are eood reasons to believe that most of our orchard practices, such as cultivation, fertilization, spraying, the use of cover crops, etc., influence them either directly or in- directly. Pruning, however, has generally been looked upon as a practice through which we directly influence fruit spurs. All fruit growers know that thev can prune them out and thus reduce their numljcr. Many believe that by this or that pruning practice they can stimulate their formation or possiblv increase their vigar or lengthen or shorten their life, etc.: and these beliefs are founded upon careful observation and experience. The trees in some orchards are full of fruit spurs ; those of other orchards are relatively much fewer in number. The individual fruit spurs in some orchards R. Gardner. average an apple or a pear once every two or three years ; those in other orchards average a fruit only once in four or five or six or eight or even ten years. The average length of life of the fruit spur in some trees may be three or four vears ; in others thirty or forty years. These are e.xtremes, of course, but they represent facts regarding the fruit manufacturing machinery in our orchards. The health, vigor and longevity of the fruit spur de- pend upon its food and moisture supply and upon the amount of sunlight that it receives. It is possible for a tree to be so situated that there is not enough moisture and food present to supply properly all the spurs and their developing fruits. It is also possible for the upper and outer limbs to be so numerous and the growth they make so dense that many of the inner and lower branches, with their fruit spurs, receive insufficient light to keep them thrifty. Later these shaded spurs die oif and the fruiting area of the tree is thereby reduced. L'nder these circumstances judicious pruning would so limit the number of spurs that there would be food and moisture for all; and the branches would be so thinned that enough sunlight would filter through the outer and upper part of the tree to keep the remaining parts grow- ing vigorously. Though possibly a smaller percentage of fruit grow- ers under-prune than over-jirune, too little pruning is without question the direct cause of small crops and in- ferior fruit in many orchards. It is not necessary to visit a large number of orchards in order to find evidence of too light pruning. Dead and dying fruit spurs are very common, especially on older trees. There may be loss of fruit spurs from dense shading in over-pruned trees, and there will, of course, be a certain loss from other perfectly legitimate causes such as occasional injuries in- cident to picking in very well-cared-for trees, but in gen- eral the dving out of many fruit spurs indicates too little pruning. The practical question at once arises: "How much are We to prune?" From the very nature of the question no answer can be given which can be taken as a rule to be al- wavs followed. It is the principles which underlie tree growth and fruit production that determine amount of pruning. ( )nly as these principles are applied to each in- dividual problem as it arises — in other words, to each in- dividual tree — can the right amount of [iruning be done. From what has been said it is evident that jjroper ]iruning consists in the removal of just enough wood to afford the largest possible number of fruit spurs a good supply of light and food, and consequently keep them growing vigorously and fruiting regularly. A tendency on the part of the tree to produce water sprouts and other wood growth at the expense of fruit spurs indicates that two iieavv pruning has already been done. Irregular bearing and dving out of fruit spurs indicates that too little prun- ing or pruning in the wrong part of the tree, or both, have been faults of recent years. The person who prunes should glance quickly over the tree, judge quickly and ac- curately of the balance (or lack of it) that exists between wood and fruit production, between vegetative growth and fruit-bearing surface, and then proceed to restore or maintain this balance. In its last analysis the question of amount of pruning becomes a question of judgment. Rules cannot be given, or if given they are almost worse than useless. They mislead as often, or more often, than they lead aright. Principles governing amount can be more or less thoroughly understood and then applied to individual cases. Principles are always the same. 24 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. QUERIES and ANSWERS IVe believe the greatest good can be accomflUhed for the graatest number, by instituting a query column; or an exchange of expe- riences, on practical propositions, by our readers. You are initted to contribute questions, and answer others. Each question as received will be given a number, the question- er's name will not be published, but the source of the answer will be given unless otherwise requested. IVe all have something we would like to know more about. Here is your opportunity to ascertain somebody's experience in just that matter. Nothing will tend to better fellowship than helping each other. Jake advantage of this "Question Box." Can anyone tell me how to grow gardenias? Mine have all cast their buds. I grow them in the palm house and feed well each week with nitrate of soda, alternating with liquid cow manure. — T. M. B. The cause of _vour gardenias losing their buds is no doubt due to bad drainage. A palm house is also not a suitable place to grow these plants, but a rose house is ideal. You do not state whether you grow in pots, but pot or bench grown, perfect drainage is required and essential. From the daily syringing of the palms the gardenias probably get too much water. Worms also infest some soils very much. Try a watering with Vermine, after readjusting the drainage and remove into a sunny house at once. Syringe daily and repot when necessary, using a peaty soil. Do not feed with nitrate of soda. It will fetch the foliage off and kill the plants. A little top dressing of good loam and cow manure and a little bone dust is better; and an occa- sional watering with soot water. — R. W. F. What can I grow in my palm house during summer, when we take the palms out on the lawns? It is 25 feet long and about 15 feet high and has two side benches.— T. M. B. Celosia Castle Gould, which should be sown at once, schizanthus, and a few ferns also. But do not shade the former. Bouvardia Humboldtii and the double varieties are easily grown, and are nice for using in summer where indoor flowers other than roses are grown. — J. H. T. I Cedar Acres Gladioli I "Bulbs That Bloom" I GLADIOLI of merit for the private I grower especially. BOOKLET full of j practical information free. I B. HAMMOND TRACY ^ Gladioli Specialist I BOX J WENHAM, MASS. | iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiinw |lllllillllll{lli[lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll[l1t1!llltl1l1tl{li!lllflllllllllllllllll1llllllllllllllllll!lllllllllllllliltll{llll{lllllllllllll!lllllllllllll^ j ORNAMENTAL IRON WORK | I For Lawns and Gardens. l I Chas. C. Force & Son, | I LET CS ESTIM.VTE ON YOUR WANTS. | I Madison Iron Works, Madison, N. J. f ^ldlinilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllNIIINIIIIIII)llllNIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII)lllllllll)llllllllllllllllim MOONS 450 acres In Trees and Shrubs — over 2.200 kinds to choose from. These are grown wide apart, and In consequence develop Into sturdy, well formed specimens so much desired for estate, street, and park use. Send for catalog, THE WM. H. MOON CO., Morrisville, Pa. Philadelphia Office: 8. 12th St. HILL'S EVERGREENS Send for Frlce-list, Uention this maguine* D. HILL NURSERY CO. LargeTt^GrwerHir'Amirica, Box 305 DtindCe. 111. siiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii»iisiiiiiiii!iiiiiiiiiiiiiii)iiiiiiiiiniiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiinuuniuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiin RHODODENDRON CaroliziinMum New American Species Clear Pink. Absolutely Hardy 3 Send (or prices and full deacriptioo, and Calalogs ^ of the only large collection of Hardy Nalive Plants I Highlands Nursery (.HARLAN P. KELSEY. Owner I Boxford Nursery J Solem - - Mass. liiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiNiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiHJiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiinniiJiin^^^^^ Can I grow orchids so as to have a few in bloom each month of the year in a small house 20 by 12 feet, in which I can only maintain a temperature of 55 in winter? — C. A. L. Orchids can be easily grown in a house such as C. A. L. describes. In Cattleyas, Percivaliana blooms in Jan- uary and February, Schroederae in March, Mossiae in April and May, Dowiana and gigas June to August, labiata September to Christmas, and then Trianae fol- lows. Also Oncidium varicosum, Laelia anceps, Mil- tonia Vexilaria, Dendrobium nobile, formusum, and many others which any good orchid dealer can advise on and supply. — M. I GLADIOLUS BULBS The Service Bureau National Association of Gardeners Is maintained for the purpose of providing opportunities for efficient and ambitious men engaged in the profession of gardening. ■This department of the Association is at the disposal of those who may require the services of capable superintendents, gardeners or assistant gardeners. Address M. C. EBEL, Sec'y, National Association of Gardeners, Madison, K. J. £iiiimiiiiiii;iiii;iiiiiiiiiiHiiiiiiiiuiiiimiiiiuiiRiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiimiiiiiim^ "Buy direct from the Introducers." Our 1 Spt'cial Illustrated List of 1914 Novelties | p and Standard Sorts describes Hyde Park (an early Shakespeare): Sun- = = beajn (new Prlmulinus typ^) ; Schwaben (the Giant Yellow) ; Chicag'o 1 i White {very early). Iris (the only lavender), and our noted introduc- ^ = tlons. Princeps, Margaret, Mrs. Francis King and Jessie. The bulba s H harv^'sted on our Michigan farms are plump and healthy. VATJGHAN'S s f SEED STORE, 31-33 W. Randolph St., Chicago, uid 43 Barclay St., § s New York. Call on us. s ^iinimitttiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiNiiiniiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiNiiiiiiNNiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiK Plants ifA Trees frim fl^rida For Southern planting outdoors and for house decorations in the North WE have made a special study of this matter for 30 years and have achieved a success in ^owin( beautiful plants and in deliTering them in TBADB MAItK ^'^^ beautiful condition to the most dis- tant purchasers. It takes special care and preparation to properljr pack delicate palms, ferns, etc., to stand a trip of thousands of miles, but we do it — not just once in a while, but a good many times every workday. We issue a large catalog covering all our stock, having 17 specif Departments, and send it free. WE HAVE THE STOCK in immense variety, from all over the tropics, and aro constantly adding to our variety. R«7al-PalM Norscriet REASOWEl litOS., ProrMan 0»eco, Florida THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 25 NATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS National Association of Gardeners. M. C. Ebel, secretary, Madison, N. J. Society of American Florists and Orna- mental Horticulturists. John Young, secretary, 54 West 28th street, New York. American Carnation Society. A. F. J. Bauer, secretary, Indianapolis, Ind. American Gladiolus Society. L. Merton Gage, secretary. South Natick, Mass. American Peony Society. A. B. Saunders, secretary, Clinton, N. Y. American Rose Society. B. Hammond, secretary, Fishkill, N. Y. American Sweet Pea Society. H. A. Bunyard, secretary, 342 West 14th street. New York. Chrysanthemum Society of America. Charles W. Johnson, secretary, Morgan Park, 111. LOCAL SOCIETIES Bernardsville Horticultural Society. W. G. Carter, secretary, Bernardsville, N. J. Meets first Tliursday every month, Hor- ticultural Hall, Bernardsville, N. J. Boston Gardeners' and Florists' Club. William N. Craig, secretary, BrookliDe, Mass. Meets third Tuesday every month, Horti- cultural Hall, Boston, Mass., 8 p. m. Connecticut Horticultural Society. .\lfred Dixon, secretary, Wethersfield, Conn. Meets second and fourf^h Fridays every month. County Building, Hartford, Conn., 8 p. ra. Dutchess County Horticultural Society. Herbert 0. Cuttan. sccniaiv. Wappiuger Falls. Meets at Poushkeepsie, N. Y.. second Wednesday every month e.xcept May and June. Elberon Horticultural Society. George Alassoii, sericl:iry, Oakluirst. N. J. Meets first Monday every month, Fire Hall, Elberon, N. J., 8 p. m. Florists' and Gardeners' Club of Holyoke and Northampton, Mass. James Whiting, secretary, Amlierst, Mass. Meets second Tuesday every month. The Garden Club of Michigan. Mrs. Edward H. Parker, secretary, 139 Sey- burn avenue, Detroit, Mich. The corresponding secretary will notify members of date and place of meetings. Gardeners' and Florists' Club of Baltimore. N. F. Flittin, secretary, Paterson Park. Baltimore, Md. Meets second and fourth Monday every month, Florist Exchange Hall. The Horticultural Society of New York. Geo. V. Nash, secretary. Bronx Park, New York City. Meets monthly, irregular. May to Octo Iier, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, New York. November to April, American Museum of Natural History, 77th street and Columbus avenue, New York. Lake Geneva Gardeners' aud Foremen's Association. W. H. Griffits, secretary. Lake Geneva, Wis. Meets first and third Saturday every month, October to April; first Saturday every month. May to September, Horticul- tural Hall. Lenox Horticultural Society. (i. II. Instone, serretarj', Lenox, Mass. Meets first Saturday every month. Los Angeles County Horticultural Society. Henry W. Kruckeherg, secretary. Meets first Tuesday every month. Massachusetts Horticultural Society. William P. Rich, secretary, 300 Massachu- setts avenue, Boston, Mass. Monmouth County Horticultural Society. Harry Kettle, secretary, Fairhaven, N. J. Meets fourth Friday every month, Mon- motilli Boat Qub, Red Bank, N. J. Montreal Gardeners' and Florists' Club. \V. II. llorobin, secretary, 283 Marquette street. Meets first Monday every month, Mon- treal Florists Exchange. Morris County Florists' and Gardeners' Society. Edward J. Reagan, secretary, Morristown, N. J. Meets at Madison, N. J., second Wednes- day every month, except July and August, 8 p. m. Nassau County Horticultural Society. Ernest Westlake, secretary, Glen Cove, N. Y. Meets second Wednesday every month, Pembroke Ilall, Glen Cove, N. Y., G p. ni. New Bedford Horticultural Society. •Icreniiah M. Taber, secretary. Meets first Monday every month. New Jersey Floricultural Society. rioo. W. strange, secretary, 216 Main street. Orange, N. J. Meets first Monday every month, Jr. O. W. A. M. Hall, Orange, N. J., 8 p. m. New London Horticultural Society. John Humphrey, secretary. New London, Conn. Meets second Thursday every month, 3.S Main street, New London, Conn. Newport Horticultural Society. Win. (liay, secretary, Newport. I!. I. Meets second and fourth Tuesday every month. New York Florist Club. John Young, secretary, 54 W. 2Sth street, New York. ^£Cets second Monday every month. Grand Opera TToiisc. North Shore Horticultural Society. ,Ias. .Slater, secretary, Manchester, Mass. Meets first and third Fridays every month. North Shore Horticultural Society. E. Bollinger, secretary, Lake Forest. 111. Meets first Friday every month. City Ilall. North Westchester County Horticultural and Agricultural Society. M. J. O'Brien, secretary, Mt. Kisco. N. Y. Meets third Thursday every month, ex- cept June, July and August, at 8 p. m.; December, January and February, 3 p. m., Odd Fellows Hall.'Mt. Kisco. Oyster Bay Horticultural Society. Prc'd Kirkbani. secretary. Glen Head. N. Y. Hfeets fourth Friday every month. Board of Trade, Oyster Bayi N. Y.', 8 p. m. Pacific Coast Horticultural Society. W. A. HofinghofT, secretary, 711 Westbank Bldg. Meets first Saturday every month. Red- men's Bldg. Pasadena Horticultural Society. Geo. B. Kennedy, secretary, 497 Bradford street, Pasadena, Cal. Meets first and fourth Friday every month. • Paterson Floricultural Society. Sebastian Hubschmitt, secretary, 61 Seventh avenue, Paterson, N. J. Meets first Tuesday every month, Ro- maine Building, 8 p. m. Pennsylvania Horticultural Society. David Rust, secretary, Broad and Locust streets, Philadelphia, Pa. Meets third Tuesday every month. Horti- cultural Hall, 8 p. m. People's Park Cottage Gardeners' Associa- tion. John Ainscough, secretary, 4 Chestnut street, Paterson, N. J. Meets first and last Friday every month. Working Man's Institute, Madison avenue, Paterson, N. J. Philadelphia Florists' Club. David Rust, secretary, Broad and Locust streets, Philadelphia, Pa. Meets first Tuesday every month. Horti- cultural Hall, Philadelphia, Pa., 8 p. m. The Pittsburgh Florists' and Gardeners' Club. H. P. Joslin, secretary, Ben Avon, Pa. Meets first Thursday every month. Fort Pitt Hotel, Pittsburgh, Pa. Rhode Island Horticultural Society. A. C. Miller, secretary, 7 Irving avenue. Providence, R. I. Meets third Wednesday every month, Providence Public Library, 8 p. m. Shelter Island Horticultural and Agricul- tural Society. Fred Kirkham, secretary. Shelter Island, N. Y. Meets first and third Thursdays every month. Southampton Horticultural Society. William McLeod, secretary. Meets first Thursday every month, Me- luorial Hall, Southampton, N. Y. Tarrytown Horticultural Society. E. W. Neubrand, secretary, Tarytown, N. Y. Meets last Tuesday every month, except December, Corporation Building, Tarrytown, N. Y., 7:30 p. m. Annual meeting last Thursday in December. Tuxedo Horticultural Society. Thomas Wilson, secretary. Tuxedo Park. N. Y. Meets first Wednesday every month. Par- ish House, Tuxedo Park. Washington, D. C, Florist Club. L. Mayberry, secretary, Washington D. C. Meets first Monday every month. Westchester and Fairfield Horticultural Society. J. B. McArdle, secretary, Greenwich, Conn Meets second Friday every month. Dor- an's Hall, Greenwich, Conn., 8 p. m. Yonkers Horticultural Society. Thos. Mahoney, secretary, Yonkers, N. Y. Meets first Friday every month, Holly- wood Inn, Yonkers, N. Y., 8 p. m. 26 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. GARDENERS DIARY American Institute, New Yoik. I);ililia sliiiw. Se[iti'niln'i- 2J--24. t hrysantlieiiium show. Xoveiiilier 4-(i. ' American Paeony Society. Annual I'aeony shdw. .Vnierifiin Art Institute, Cliieago, 111., .lane 12-13. American Sweet Pea Society. Sweet Pea Show, Anierii'an JIuscum of Natural His- tory, June 27 and 28. Elberon Horticultural Society. Chry- santhemum show, Asbury Park, N. J., No- vember 3, 4, 5. Lancaster County Florists' Club, Lancas- ter. Pa. Kail show, Novemlicr 5-7. Lenox Horticultural Society, Lenox, Mass. Summer Show, July 22 and 23. Fall Show, October 22 and 23. Massachusetts Horticultural Society, Hor- ticultural Hall, Boston, JIass. Itljododen- dron show, June ()-7. Peony show. June 13- 14. Rose siiow. June 20-21. Sweet pea show, July 11-12. (iladiolus show, August 8-9. Dahlia show. September 12-13. Fruit and vegetable show, October 3-4. Chrysanthe- nnim show. Noxembcr .5-8. Monmouth County Horticultural Society. Fall Show. Red Bank, N. J., October 28 and 29. Morris County Gardeners' and Florists' Club. Fall show. Madison, N. J., October 2S, 29. Nassau County Horticultural Society, (Uen Cove. N. Y. Rose show, .luiu; 9. Dahlia show, October 0. Chrysanthemum show. O.-tober 29, 30. New Jersey Floricultural Society. Sweet I'ea Show. Orange, X. .)., .Inly -. Dahlia and liuit show, Oeteaker, Avhom we shall always be pleased to ha\e Avith us, A larce and very fine dis])lay was on the exhibition tables, 'a feature of whirh was the magnificent display of sweet pecs of the S])encer type, shown' by Adam I'ltterson and 'I'liomas Ryan. We doubt whether finer llowers or longer or heavier stems could be foiuid anywhere. T.cdh exhibitors were :i\\ardi'd a W(dl niiTiled cnltiiial en f ilicatc. James Stuart was also awarded a C. C. for a sldendid pair of Calceolaria plants, as was Wm. Graham for a magnificent vase of Mrs. Russell roses. The judges also made the following awards to the other exhibitors: A. Kirk]iatrick, Cattleya Schroderae, highly commended; Wm. Graham, highly com- mended for vase of Antirrhinum; the same to .bdui Conro.y for a fine vase of assorted colors of Antirrhinum, and a vote of thanks to the foUoAving: A. Whitelaw, for a collection of Tulips; ■las. Linane, for Calceolarias and Glo.xinias; W. II. Watermoueki, vase of Carnations •Rroidclyn": P. W. Popp. for Laelia pnr- jiurata; Thos. Ryan, for vase of Gladiolus; Mr. Mc.Mlister. for Trilliiuns and hardy shiubs; Paul Dwenger, for cut blooms night blooming Cereus. A feature of the next meeting, to be held .I'nne 12. will be the competition of the gardeners' assistants for center pieces, com- posed of outdoor fiow-ers and foliage. The Michidl silver and bronze medals will be awarded to the winners of first and second honors. An interesting display is antici- pated. Don't forget the dates of the Sum- mer Show, June 19 and 20, at Portehester, N. Y. An attractive schedule will be is- sued shortlv. P. W. POPP. NEW BEDFORD HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. The ii'gular monthly nu'eting of the New iiedford Hi>rticidtural Society was Indd in Libiary Hall Monday evening, April fi. President Roy presiding. An luuisually large number was present, the amateur por- tion of the society being well represented. B. Hammond Tracy, of Wenham. was the drawing canl. and his description of vaiie- ties. and word pictures of the possibilities l^H E An D orraWay of handling Evergreens is to transplant, transplant, again and yet a.a^ain. This insures success, and .Andorra's Evergreens can be bad in sizes that immediately complete the picture. See .Andorra the last week of May, when our collection of thirty thousand Rhododendrons is in bloom — a most gorgeous mass of color. See .Andorra! A ,s>reat gal- lery of planted lucturcs. If you cannot, write us; we are ready tn counsel and suggest. ANDORRA NURSERIES Wm. Warner Harper. Proprietor Box O. Chestnut Hill. Philadelphia, Pa. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 27 of tlio gliiili.'lii Inr li.n.ii'ii rIVi'i'ts, Ikhim' ilcfonitioiis cir linll cxliiliil miis i-ic;ili'il m livi'ly iiitiTcst ill tliis woiiclcil'iiUy uscrul lluwcr. which no (hjubt will iiii-ioasi' tho I'X- hiliit of this llowci- at inir lull show. A lively discussion followed coiiceniiiig the relative value of stable iiiaiuiie and the various coniiiiercial fertilizers in the cul- ture of <;ladi(dii. \V. F. TURNEl!. NEW JERSEY FLORICULTURAL SOCIETY. The regular monthly meeting of the New Jersey Floricultural Society was held on Monday evening:. May I. IIH I, in the ,Ir. 0. U. A. M. Hall. Alain and Park streets. Orange, N. J. President Edwin Thomas in the chair and eighteen members present. The society decided to hold a rose night on Monday, June 1, and an exliibition of sweet peas on Aronday, June 6. Schedules are being drawn up for the ninth annual dahlia, gladiolus and vege- table show, to be held October -5. 11II4. Schedules may be had from the secretary 1111 application any time after .I'vine 1, 1914. 1 ;!•:(). W. STRANGE. CONNECTICUT HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. The regular niectiiig of tlie society W'as held in the County liuilding. Hartford, on the evening of May S, witli President John F. Huss in the chair. The pan.sy was on oiir ])rograiiiiiic (or (liis meeting, and .John ('. W'illanl. of WethcisMi'Icl. one of our ama- teur members, exhibited about 2I)U lilossoms from some twenty varieties. Mr. Louis Cliauvy also exhibited a similar number of blooms and varieties. Our president made an excellent exliibit of hardy shrubs: Mag- nolia Stellata. ilagnolia C'onspiqua. Fors- tliia Viridisima. Derca Palnstris. Amelan- chia. Arabis Albida. Arabis Alpina Com- pacta. Arabis Rosea. Arabis Alpina flora plena, Primula Cashmeriana ; also Viola Cornuta Papileo, Viola Cornuta Gracilis, Viola Cornuta Alba, and Viola Cornuta Lutea. One exhibit of pansies was artistic- ally arranged on white blotters, and the other on yellow paper, the combination hav- ing a charming effect, John Gerard, an old pansy expert; Niel Nelson and George 1!. iiaker were aiijiointcd by the chair to judge the exhibits, and each exhibit was awarded a lirst-elass certilicate, Jlr. Chauvy also displayed a plate of veiy tine mushrooms. President Huss gave an instructive and in- teresting talk on his exhibit of shrubs and pansies, followed by Mr. Gerard, wdio dilated on the beauty of the pansy and elucidated on the art of judging this marvelously col- ored gem of flowers. The secretary read an article in the (jAiiDKNKH.s" Chronicle of America, entitled : "Recent Progress in Hardy Garden Roses, by Artluir Herring- ton." The meeting was well attended and thoroughly enjoyed by all. The annual Dahlia Show will be held on September 2.3 and 24. this year, a little later than usual: but we hope to make it the best ever. ALFRED DIXON. Secretary. Wetherslicdcl, Conn,, May 11, 1014. ELBERON (N, J,) HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, The Klberon Horticultural Society held its regular monthly meeting on .May 1. There was a lai'ge atteiulance, and two iic« members wi^re (dected, A eulluial n'ltili rate was auardcd to (liarle^ Hum lui an e\cellcii( \ase ol Kadiaiicc i;o>es. AU.i a iiiltiiial certilicate to George Alassou tor a iieauiilul vase of Antirrtiimiii liuxlon's I'liik, .\t the next regular meeting on .luiic i, \\ illiani A, Sperling, of the tivm of Stumpp & \\ alter Company, has promised to give an address on tulips. The sched- ule of the Fall show to be lield in Asbury Park, November S-4-5, can be had on a[i plication to the secretary. VVILJ^IAM I3UVAN. THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK. The monthly meeting of this society was hehl in the Museum building of the New Vork Potanical Gardi^n, Uronx Park, in c:o operation with the Garden, on May 'J and 10. The exhibition was a small one, there ludng ten classes, eight of which were for cut llowers, and two for plants; the latter for iion-c-ominercial growers, and callcil fni six pots of Pelargoniums and si.x pcjfs ol t alccidarias. In each one the only e.xhibitor was .James Stuart, gardener to .Mrs. F. A, Constable, Mamaroneck, N, Y,, who was awarded tlrst prize in each case. His Cal- (c'olarias were exceedingly handsome, being (piite i feet in diameter, and models of skillful cultivation. The same must be said regarding the regal and fancy Pelargimi- iinis; these two exhibits formed a central attraction of the sho\v. .loseph A. Manda was the only exhibitor of orchids; and William Tricker, of .Ailing- ton, N. J., staged a vase of hybrid Nym- plia; as of the Mrs. AA'oodrow Wilson |ier- [letual Howering type. James Stuart also had an exliibit of a new Viola, which is thought highly of for summer blooming. A non-competitive ex- hibit of .Sweet Peas of very great merit came ffoni Aliss E. A'. Cockroft (gardener, .Adam Patterson), Saugatuck, Conn. There were also a few exhibits from private sources comprising spring flowering orna- mental shrubs and a very notable collection of alpine plants from a private garden al Tuxedo. THE AMERICAN PEONY SHOW. l!e]ii'escntatives of the America n Peony Society. Ibnticultural Socii^ty. of ( hicago, and tlie (liicago Florists' Club, held a luei't- ing at the. Hotel Sherman, Chicago, May 14, to complete arrangements for the great annual exliibition of the American Peony Soi-iety, which will be held iiv Chicago this year under the auspices of the above or ganizatious. Those in attendance included: William .\. Peterson, of the Peterson Nursery; ( arl Cropp. of A'aiighan's Seed Store; Arnold Hingier. of the W. W. Barn- ard Compaiiv'; Thomas Wallis and M. Par- ker. The Art Institute was selected for Hie exhibition, which will be held .Iiiiie 12 Pi, this date being subject to change as weather conditions affect the local crop of Iieony flowers, making it earlier or later, Alany experts will show their choicest nov- elties and standard sorts in their best form at the coming exhibition, which from all ailvanco information obtainable will be the hii-'jcst and most complete of its kinil c\ei held in this or any other country. The most successful growers of peonies will tell about their methods in meetings to he lield in connection with the exhibition, C. W, .lohnson, 222(! I''airf;i\ a\i>iiiie, Mortjiin Park, HI., was ii|ipoiiited manager iif the cxliiliit ion, and all in(|iiii'ics referring SPRAYING for GROUND CROPS Use the- (mc best, Vrceland's "ELECTRO"ARSENATE of LEAD POWDER (not powderedl Mixes easier, sticks better, kills quicker, and lias highest quality and efliciency. Always the same. Full directions on every package. Used wet or dry. Will not injure the most delicate foliage. Also spray with Vreeland's "Electro" Bordo-Lead Mixture A sure and safe killer for bugs, and early and late blight. Always ready for use. No grit or lumps. Highest amount of active copper. Pro- motes vine health and stimulates growth. A combination of "Electio" Arsenate of Lead and Bordeaux mixture. Write today for Manual of SucceBsfn! Potato Onltttre. B. G. PRATT CO., 50 Church St,, NEW YORK Mfra of SCALECIDE and Bole dlatrlbutore lor the world of Vreel.-vnd's "Electro" Spray Chemicals, to premium list, prizes, etc., should lie ad- dressed to him, Al, BARKER, Secretary Pro Tcni. TUXEDO HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, The ii-,iial iiioiitlily iiicct iiig of tlie Tuxedo llorticiiUiiral Society was held in the Par- ish House on May l.'i. President David Mc- intosh in flic cliair. The Executive Coni- niittee repoitcd the schedule for the Fall Show ill progress, and that special prizes had been offered from the following firms: Messrs, C, H. Totty. lion Arbor Cliemic:il Co.. Scott Brothers, Wm. F. McCord & Co., Weeber & Don. Burnett Brothers. Alphano Humus Co., A, X, Pierson, luc, J, M, Thin- burn Co., John Wilk, Julius Roehrs Co., and Henry Dreer. We exjiect to have the pre- liminary schedule out by the middle of June. We had as our guest Mr. Wm. Tricker. Arlington, N, J., who entertained us to a very interesting talk on the culture of water lilies. Two new members were elected to niemberslii[i, Mr. AVm. Muir and Henry Gibson. The society held its ladies' evening on April 16, when there were present over one hundred gardeners and their wives and friends. They had a very nice entertain- ment. Al. Raker, ventriloquist. Thomas Dobson, humorist, and George Leonard, pianist, from New A'ork, kept the company well entertained with their funny stories, S. H. Chaplin sang a solo which was well received. The society's annual ball will be held in Tuxedo Town Hall on AA'ednesday, May 27. THOS, AATLSON, Sccretarv. E. A. LIPPMAN c»ous'e SHADING Morristown, N. J. experifnoe In Green- No. 6 High Street, At'^TER iiouiy .v.-urs' boiisp w(prU. with l-ord & Burnham Com- jiany. in tin.- glazine: and painting depart- ment, I am convinced tliat what is most needed in this line is a good shading, and I am pleased to advise ynn that I hav<- llu- rad thlniL,'. which I am sure you will And to he Just what you are looking for. This shading is bem-ficial to the painted wood, jis it dues ufit contain any gasoline or naphtha wliich would destroy the paint. lu addition. It is lienciicial to the glass also, for you will find that when tin- shadiii;^ is removed the glass re- tains its former lnillijiney. As tu its ai»i)Iicatinii. this is a very easy matter. It can he either sprayed on or put on with a soft brush. For real good work, however, 1 would recommend the use of a soft brush. Another advantage of tliis shading is that when it is no longer needed, it can be ri'moved without any difficulty. U-aving the glass, as before stated, with its original brilliancy. I am making this u]) in gallon cans, in three shades — light green, light blue and pure white. When ordering, kindly mention the color desired. 1 trust that you will kindly favor me with a Irinl ordi-r to prov its worth, aftei- which I have no doubt wiiatevcr but that you will continue Its use. Mention the Gardeners' Chronicle When you write. 28 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. BON ARBOR Awarded Diploma and Silver Medal at 1912 Royal International Exhibition, London, Eng. BON ARBOR NO. 1 will keep your Tennis Courts and Lawns green in the hottest weather. Will grow Lettuce, Celery, Cauliflower, and anything that matures above the ground to the finest perfection. We can prove it. Bon Arbor No. 1 ii put up as follows; Package making 15 gallons, by mall... Package making 30 gallons, by mail... 5 lb. package making 150 gallons, exp. extra 25 lb. package making 750 gallons. exp. extra 60 lb. package making 1,500 gallons, exp. extra 12.50 100 lb, package making 3,000 gallons, exp. extra 20.00 Barrels from 250 to 300 lbs., 18e, per lb. RADIX WORM ERADICATOR removes worms instantly from your Tennis Courts, Golf Greens, Flower Pots, etc. 2 gallons, making 200 gallons, $2.00 per gallon. lyi gallons sufficient for Tennis Court 78 x 36 feet. ANT DESTROYER. Rid your garden and lawn of ants. It can be done in less than a week. Per lb. 6Sc.; 10 lbs., 60c. per lb.; 25 lbs., 50c. per lb. BON ARBOR CHEMICAL CO. Paterson, N. J., U. S. A. Write for descriptive catalogue, new 1912 edition. We manufac- ture also Radix Worm Eradicator, Insecticides, Weed Killer and all agricultural chemicals. Special prices on large quantities. MR. GARDENER: Let That Tree Die, and You Will Never See It Replaced YOU KNOW how long it has taken that tree to attain those stately proportions. YOU KNOW how irreparable the loss should it die. YOU KNOW how imminent is the danger from in- sects and fungi. YOU KNOW how devitalising, how unsightly, and how difficult to reach is that dead wood. YOU KNOW how surely fatal are those neglected cavities — neglected decaying stumps, neglected wounds, neglected borer holes are the causes. Then Why Wait Longer? Time Is Precious. CALL US IN WE HAVE the KNOWLEDGE, the EXPERI- ENCE, the MEN, the TOOLS. JOHN T. WITHERS Inc. Landscape Architect and Forester 1 Montgomery St. Jersey City, N. J. tNNINIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIui'iri.ililNIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII^ D OSES, Ampelopsis Veitchii, Clematis, Japanese Maples. Boxwood, all in pots and ready to ship. Specimen Evergreens 6 to 8 ft. high with large Ball and Burlapped. 1 5 Cars nursery grown Maximum Rhododendrons for immediate shipment. Write for Prices International Nurseries, Inc. 1905 West Farms Road, New York City PHOKE 4028 TREMONT. ^IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIINIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIUUIIIIIIIIIIUIIIIIIIIIII^ THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 29 By an Unusual Arrangement with the Publishers We Offer to Our Readers on Special Easy Terms BAILEY'S NEW Everything Newly Written Up To Date Beautifully Illustrated Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture THE new Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture has been freshly written in the light of the most recent research and experience. It is not merely an ordinary revision or corrected edition of the old Cyclo- pedia, but it is a new work from start to finish with enlarged boundaries geographically and practic- ally; it supersedes and displaces all previous editions or reprints of every kind whatsoever. It is the fullest, the newest, the most authoritative of all works of its kind and constitutes the most conscientious attempt that has ever been made to compress the whole story of our horticultural thought, learning and achievement into one set of books. The owner of the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture will have at hand in this work a means of quickly satisfying his need for authoritative in- formation. It is both an Encyclopedia and a Manual, for with the aid of its Synopsis and Key, amateur and professional alike may quickly identify any plant, shrub or fruit contained within the set, and then receive expert instructions for its cultivation. Write for 16 Page Prospectus Containing Complete Descrip- tion and our offer : : : : To Subscription Department, GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA, Madison, N. J. i i i MRS. FRENCH VANDERBILT'S HOUSES AT NEWPORT IN 1911 wt erected the house directly opposite the work-room entrance. Last Spring the wing house at the right was added, making an L-sliapcd layout as attractive as it is practical. The gardener, Daniel Hay, says that the wall vent give ample ventilation for his purposes. There are some gardeners, however, who want direct side ventilation but hesitate in demanding it because it detracts from the look of a curved eave house. If you are such a one, forget it. as we have solved the side ventilation problem most satisfactorily. If you are thinking of building, it's a thing you ought to know. \\'e will include with the answer to your letter, one of our catalogs. ((Hi i i NEW YORK U'O Broadway HitcKingfs^ G)nipa£r PHILADELPHIA 40 S. 15th St. BOSTON, 49 Federal St. FACTOKY, Elizabeth, New Jersey. §) m 30 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. ^iiii mil iiiiiiiiinmiiiniiiiim i iiiiiiniiiiiiiidiiiiii i iiiiiiininnm iiiiiii \ ill iiiiiiiNiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiig I MONTBRETIAS I HARDY Autumn-flowering bulbous | g plants that are becoming more | j popular ever}- year. One of the best | I flowers for Fall cutting. They should | j be planted in groups and left undis- | j turbed. j I Bouquet Parfait — Vermilion with yellow | I center. | I Crocosmaeflora — Large, bright orange, tinted | i scarlet. | 1 Drap d'Or — Orange yellow. | 1 Eldorado — Dark yellow. | I Etoile de Feu — Bright vermilion and scarlet. | I Large flowers. | I Gerbe d'Or — Golden yellow. | I Pottsii — Orange and scarlet. Free flowering. | I Rayon d'Or — Ochre yellow and brown. | I Price $1.50 per 100 $12.00 per 1000 = I W. E. MARSHALL & CO. | I SEEDS BULBS PLANTS | I 166 West 23d Street, New York | iiiiiiiHiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiinii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiniiiiiiiinniiiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiimimniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii? ^iiiiilllllliniiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiii niiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiinjiiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiilitiiiiiiiiiint| I BOBBINK & ATKINS = I WORLD'S CHOICEST NURSERY | I AND GREENHOUSE PRODUCTS j I SPRING planting! 1 In our :J00 Acres of biglily cultivated Nursery Land we are growing § ^ Nursery Products for everyboily and suitable for all parts of the coun- ^ = try. We shall be i:^a(\ to have intending' purchasers visit our Nursery i = and inspect the quality uf stoclj we grow, or submit their lists of = = wants for prices. = I THE FOLLOWING PLANTS FOR OUTDOOR PLANTING. INTERIOR | I AND EXTERIOR DECORATIONS ARE AMONG OUR SPECIALTIES. | RC^SES. We have R'^se I'lants in [tots for immediate shipment. HARDY OLD - FASHIONED FLOWERS, PEONIES and IRIS. Several acrt'S of our Nursery aie exclusively devoted to thfir cul- ture. HEDGE PLANTS. We grow a large quantity of California Privet. Berberis and other Hedge Plants. EVERGREENS, CONIFERS and PINES. Many acres of our Nur- sery are planted with them. All are balled and burlapped and have ft splendid root system. TRAINED, DWARF and OR- DINARY FRUIT TREES and SMALL FRUITS, We grow thesf for Fruit Gardens and Orchards. BEDDING PLANTS. We are gruwing a complete collection in large quantities. Submit list for quotation. RHODODENRONS. KALMIAS and other Large Leaved Ever- greens. We are growing in large quantitie.s. BOXWOOD. We grow thou- sands of plants in many shapes and sizes. BAYTREES. PALMS and other pbuit.* for conservatories. In- terior and Exterior decorations. HARDY TRAILING and CLIMBING VINES. We grow them for every place and purpose. PLANT TUBS, WINDOW BOXES. ENGLISH GARDEN FURNITURE an d RUSTIC WORK. We manufacture all sliupes and sizes. I OUR WONDERFUL NEW HYBRID GIANT FLOWERING MARSH- | = JtALLOW. Everybody should be interested in this new, old-fashioned ^ I rtowtr. It is perfectly iLardy and will grow everywhere. = I OUR NEW ILLUSTRATED GENERAL CATALOG No. 45 describes | = our products; inailrd upon request. = I NURSERYMEN, FLORISTS AND PLANTERS | I RUTHERFORD, N. J. | liiiiiuiiiiniiiiMiiiiiwiminiiiNiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiniiiuiiniiiiiiHiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniimiiiniiuiiiiiii^ Boddmgton's Quality Sweet Peas For the forthcoming 1914 Summer Exhibition of the American Sw^eet Pea Society, to be held in the American Museum of Natural His- tory, New^ York City, June 27th and 28th, vv^e take pleasure in again offering our Challenge Silver Cup Value, $50 For a Collection of Sweet Peas, 25 varieties, not less than 25 stems to a vase, to be shown w^ith Sw^eet Pea Foliage only. To be w^on tw^ice by the same exhibitor. We will also award to the winner of this cup (each time w^on) a cash prize of $25; $15 second, and $10 third prize. If collections are w^anted for ex- hibition purposes, w^e shall be glad to make suggestions. Arthur T. Boddington Seedsman 342 West 14th Street, New York City THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. Gardeners All Over the World Use APHINE, fur spraying against all sap-suck- ing insects, such as aphis, red spider, thrips, mealy bug and si)ft scale; and for cleansing palms and decorative stock generally. NIKOTIANA, fur fumigating, a nicotine so- lution which does not fill the house with smoke as does tobacco paper or dust. It is vaporized in pans over small lamps, or by painting the steam pipes. FUNGINE, to control mildew, rust or bench rot in the greenhou.se, a spraying material ; an infallible remedy. It does not stain foliage as Hiirdeaux ar I.uoks are deceiving The U-Har house costs more bee house both inside and out. The thing for you to decide is — do you want the original genuine curved eave house — ^tlie house built with complete galvanized steel frame of l)-Bar. Send for catalog. Or send for us. Or both. U-BAR GREENHOUSES P1ER50N U-BAR CO OhfE MADISON AVE. NtWYORK CANADIAN OFFICE lO PHILUFS PLACt MONIRiAl THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. Herp s a griss test. Aipnano Hrimns was spread on the terraced part, and the customary barnyard manure on the rest. The Alphano bein^ in powrtpred form, was raked in. The manure being characteristically lumpy and full of litter, evenfally had to be raked otF, carrying along much of its worth. Three days before this photograph was taken, all the grass was cut. The very marked contrast in the height and evident depth of color of the grass between the two portions, tells its own story of the real worth of Alphano Humus. Reasons for Our Slow Deliveries on Early Spring Orders of ALPHANO HUMUS A Frank Statement LlvT us lell you exactly what llie uncontrollaljle conditions were, under which we have been laljoring; and then we will leave it entirely to your sense of fairness if we haven't done all possi- ble, under the circuinslances. For ten years our salesmen, personally, have been selling large quantities of this Alphano. but last season w-as" practically our first direct advertising of it. The way the responses came and orders fol- lowed, it was abundantly evident that we had a Plant Food and Soil Builder that was welcomed and wanted. We sold bags. tons, carloads, and barge loads of it. as never before. Last Winter we figured that this season, a large number of these satisfied customers would come back for i.-.ore. and that also many of their friends learning of the results secured by usiiig .\lphano on lawns, shrubs, trees, and gardening in general, would likewise become customers: so based on this we spent many thousands of dollars increas- ing our facilities so that deliveries could be made promptly. As sanguine as we were we frankly admit having under-estimated the amount of the orders that developed. To add to our embarrassment, the late snows and cold weather made people think Spring was never coming, and so they put ofif ordering three to four weeks later than usual. Then when the first warm days did come, in came the rush orders. As a result we but naturally became way behind on shipments. In the face of all this we received some pretty stiflf letters and rather dynamic phone calls demanding explanations. To show our absolute good faith, we voluntarily returned a .good many didlars to those who not knowing $12 a ten in bags— $8 by the carload in bulk. F. O. B. Alphano. N. J. what we were struggling against, felt we were negli- gent. Today. June 1st. our reports show that we have caught up on deliveries and although the plant is working full tilt, and overtime, our shipments from now- will be prompt. Those of you who wanteil the .\lphano for gar- dening, and it came too late to spade directly in the soil, will find it works wonders when dug around the plants after they are up two or three inches. .•\s for shruljs, now is as good a time as any to use it. When it comes to lawns, any time is a good time. Put it on now and it will prevent the soil from baking, and the grass from burning this Sum- mer. It will induce a strong growth of fine, fibrous, dry weather-resisting roots. The Alphano absorb- ing and holding as it does such large quantities of moisture, further fortifies the grass against the com- ing hot sun and the drying winds. Being in pow- dered form the .-Mphano is easy to apply. Being odorless it's at all times free from objection. To apply now, cut the grass, spread on the Alphano. rake it in, and in two weeks' time you will be sur- prised at the results. Our records show that during each month of June, July, August and September of last year, we sold more Alphano Humus for lawns than during any one of the Spring months. Let us know about how large your lawn is and we will advise how much you better order. if you have your .\lphano. use it at once. If you haven't any left for your lawns, shrubs, and garden — order some. If you have never had any. and are interested, but still unconvinced of its merits, send for our book of CONVINCEMENT, It tells what it will do for you, by telling and showing what it has done for others. ALPHANO HUMUS CO 17G BATTERY PLACE, NEW YORK CITY o<^ • NC^ GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. C(tJ) i^ i 55 'idllK riNGIK B 1 ON iHF^SI'OI' Hilchin&s— 'Gunpany m M m 1^ FOUR SHARP GIMLETS, HOW TO GET THEM A t-iinlet. as everybody knows, is a siip.i-[» pointp'l t'>nl to borp linlps in wood. I'Hcts :iv<- ^'iuiU'ts that flll untruths full of holes. We have minV' loiir pitrticularly sharp u'imh-ts for boring ri^iht into the untnitlis ot jiriM nhons.' cnnstrm-tinn and estimates. They are in tltt I'rinii of fnnr pithily. pointeil pieci s of printed niatti-v mne is a honkleti. This prinleil iiiatti r lias alr-aiiy i-rcn niaileil to .^evcral tiiMiisaml wliosc nanus are im -V Cut this off lure, mail it to u.s ami alnnv will eonie tln' f L'lnik'ts, How about you — did you jiet eai-h (uu- of th<- copies'; II yon didit"!. then sijin thi- covipon bi-l"\v; tear it off and mail to us and wi- will si-r that y- will havr a sharp point so yon can put it To wmi; at •■m-^ . Hiictvitvsfs ^ (loiivpair Wi M WELL, roughly, we should say anywhere from — but hold on — do j'ou want a price on just the greenhouse alone; or with the masonry included? Are we to build the workroom or will you? Do you want our regu- lar cast iron benches or those with slate sides and tile bottoms? Do you want continuous side SALES OFFICES. New York Boston 42nd St. BIdg. Ciiitago Rock.;ry Bids. Philadelphia Franklin Bank Bld^. Tremont Bld^'. Rochester Gianile Bldg. Cleveland Swutland Bldg, ord^G^^tirnham^. Torcnto — 12 Queen Street. East. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 35 XHORBURN sales- men are on the road now booking orders on Bulbs for Fall delivery. You will receive a postal from us a day or so before one calls. If you have changed your address recently, please drop us a postal. J. M. Thorhurn & Co. .53 Barclay St., New York Pot-Grown Strawberry Plants New and Standard Varieties Any Quantity Prices Right READY NOW Send your order to-day W. F. McCORD COMPANY Nurserymen and Seedsmen TARRYTOWN, N. Y. |iiiiiiHiiiiiiii:iiiiiiiiiiillllllliiiliiiiiiiiiiiiiii{iiiiiiiiiilliillliiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiii,iui,iiiiiiiiiiililiiiiiiiiii,iiiiiiiiiiiliiiiiiiiiiillllllliiiiiii^^ I Before Placing Your Orders | I for ROSE BUSHES, EVERGREENS, | I RHODODENDRONS, AZALEAS, 1 1 ETC., pay us a visit and let us figure | 1 with you on your wants. We carry a | j complete line of all kinds of nursery | I stock. I I Our Seed Department | I is fully equipped to quote you on the | I highest grade tested seeds. If you want | i the best, we supply it. j I let IIS send you a topy of our 1914 catalogue. 1 j The Mac Niff Horticultural Co. " n^^^^'y 'rT' I iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiimii iiiiiiiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiii I iiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiri CHAS. H. TOTTY CHRYSANTHEMUMS ROSES CARNATIONS Madi ison New Jersey |iiiiiiiiliiiliiiilliiiiiiiiiiiiii I iiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiniuiii iiiiiiiiiiittiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiii uiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiniiiiir^ Pot Grown Stra\vberry Plants We can supply all leading ami ik-w varieties tor immediate or later shipment in tine conditions. I W. E. Marshall ^ Co. | j S[£EDS— PLANTS-BULBS i I 166 West 23rd St. New York I lfiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiriiiiiiiiiiii>iiiiiiiiiiiiiiui«iiiiiiiiiiiiiuiwniiiiiiiiiiiiii]iiii:iiii[!i{iiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitniniiii 36- THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. Gladiolus for Forcing AMERICA AND PRINCEPS An exceptional offer of well ripened extra large high crown bulbs, 7 inches and over in cir- cumference. America, 50c. doz.; $3.50 per 100 Princeps, 75c. doz.; $5.00 per 100 WEEBER and DON Seed Merchants and Growers 1 14 Chambers Street NEW YORK Potted Plants for Immediate Effects For the seashore home, or the previously overlooked spot where immediate re- sults are desirable, try these sturdy plants: Japanese Kudzu, the most rapid jjrowing Tt'iJiiial vin^■. '"A f-mt a ilay." E'or porch or ■r;:.'<>lit. f ilia ran tiTil true to name. Wichuraiana Roses t the runner with the k1os^\ , ^'leeii foliajte and fragrant flowers in all colt.l-s. The French Gold Flower (Hypericum Moserl- :inutii I— see illustration. A flower of great heauty ; rich. gulden-yeUow flowers in profusion until September. Send for list of potgrown plants. Thomas Meehan & Sons Box 65 Germantown, Phila. GREENHOUSE PAINTING AND GLAZING My many jears' e.xperieiice while engaged with the leading greenhouse tiuilders, and my employing only iirst-class men, places me in position to under- take any new or old work whicli yon may con- template. Let me estimate on your work. FRANK TIDABACK Greenhouse Painter and Glazier TARRYTOWN, N. Y. Julius Roehrs Company Nurserymen and Florists Headquarters for Orchids, Palms, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Bay Trees and Box Trees, Laurus Cerasus, Aucubas, Cyclamen, Begonia Lorraine and Cincinnati, Evergreens, Decideous Trees and Shrubs. RUTHERFORD, NEW JERSEY ^iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiniiii^ ORCHIDS I F"r»shly Impoi-t^d j I We have received and unpacked the following in fine j I condition: Cattleyas — Percivaliana, Gaskelliana, | I Speciosissima; Dendrobiums — Formosum, Nobile, | I Densiflorum, Schuitzii (novehy) ; Vandas — Coerulea, j i Batemannii, Imshootiana, Luzonica (novehy) ; j i Phalaenopsis — Amabilis, Schiiieriana and Spothoglot- | 1 tis plicata. Many more to arrive. | 1 i I Write for special list No. 55. | I LAGER & HURRELL, Summit, N. J. | Tree Ow^ners and Tree Lovers Will find much to interest and instruct in the NEW ILLUSTRATED MAGAZINE "TREE TALK" Devoted to Arboriculture and Forestry. All about the planting, care and treatment of trees and shrubs. Accurate information about pruning, spraying and tree surgery. Send Fifty cents for a full year's subscription to "Tree Talk." Sample copies free on receipt of 2 cent stamp to cover postage. Published quarterly by THE FROST & B ARTLETT COMPANY 26 Cortlandt St. (Suite 212) NEW YORK Competent Gardeners q The comlorls and products ol o country home ore Increased by employing a competent gardener; If you wani 10 engage one, write to us. q Please give particulars regarding place and say whether married or single man is wanted. We have been supplying them lor years lo the best people everywhere. No lee asked. PETER HENDERSON & CO. Seedsmen a.nd Florists 33 and 37 Cortlandl St. NEW YORK CITY "Curiosity Killed a Cat^' That is a well-known old-time saying; Init it does not apply to you. because YOU ARE NOT A C.A.T. It is safe for you. and for your wife and your chil- dren, to want to know what is to be found in the woods and the fields around you, in the swamps and meadows, the ponds and ditches. Do not hesitate to indulge in the JOY OF CURIOSITY. You are not a cat. You can satisfy the desire to know by reading THE GUIDE TO NATURE It is ten cents a copy; one dollar a year. ADDRESS ArcAdiA, Sound Beach, Conn. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 37 DRBRR'S POT-GROWN STRAWBERRY PLANTS Tin- best varieties, both new and nld, and best methods of plant- ing to raise a full crop of strawberries next year are fully particu- larized in Dreer's Mid-Summer Catalogue Also Celery. Cabbage, and otlicr vegetable plants. A select list of decorative plants. Palms. Ferns, etc.; Seeds of old-fashioned Hardy rV^rennials and other flowers for summer sowing. Seasonable Farm Seeds, etc. Write today for a copy. FRRE. and please mention this magazine. HENRY A. DREER 714-710 CHESTNUT ST., PHILADELPHIA. PA. ^iiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiwiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiNiNiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiii{iiiii:iiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiuiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiii»iiniiiir I BOBBINK & ATKINS I I WORLD'S CHOICEST NURSERY | I AND GREENHOUSE PRODUCTS | 1 In our .>0o (uTfs 1.1' highly ciiUival'il NiMst r\ Liiml wo arr Ki'""'iiiR i ^ Nursery I'roiiucts for t'Vi-ryhoily iukI snilahit- for all oarts of Uie ^ = country. Wo shall Ik- ;rlad to liavo inttanlitiK pun-hascrs visit our = i Nursci-y aii'l insiM-.-r Tlio qualily ..f st*i .i;:!..'iO. :i;."i,oii and .^"..'lO i-arh, LARGE-LEAVED EVER- GREENS, ENGLISH LAUREL auil AUCUBAS tia- .'^iiiminr ihr oral ion. PALMS AND DECORATIVE PLANTS. Wo havo sovionl aoros of ;;iri-nIiousi'S iu wllich WO grow ralins. Fi-rus ami 11 large collec- tion of olants for inlorior anil cxtioior iloooratiolis. OUR NEW HYBRID GIANT- FLOWERING MARSHMALLOW. Kvorvhodv ~lioiihl In- iiiicn-sti'il in this ohl fa-hi.,Moil llow.r. II will grow ovory whole anil wlion iu hloom is the queen of all canton llinvers. Order now for .\utuuin delivery. ENGLISH IVY. Wo grow man,\' rhousanils in trained forms and oidinaiv plants from 2 to 8 fool tail. PEONIES AND IRIS. We have Illy I, III o|,lo iilior oil' of III STRAWBERRIES. I'ollod and lield-grown iu all the leadinf.' va- rieties. Wo havo many thou- sands of Strawliorry plants and are in iiosition to lill orders of any si/.o. .\sk for spoeial list. EVERGREENS, CONIFERS AND PINES. Many acres nt \iiisor.\ all- devoled to their cul- livalion, iii-ilor now for August dolivory, BOXWOOD, Everyhody loves tile aroma of old fashioned Box wood. Wt have thousands in many shapes and sizes. BAY TREES. We are head- uuartors for llhiii. Wo carry lit .ill times huiiilieds. and often- times diirini: I lie year several llionsaiids may he soon in our -Niirser.v. PLANT TUBS. WINDOW BOXES AND ENGLISH GAR- DEN FURNITURE. Wo iiianil- faolnro all sliaiies and sizes. LAWN GRASS SEED, Our Riitliorrord Tarl; I. awn Mixture has ;;ivoil salisfai'lion ovofywhere. Arthur T. Boddington SEEDSMAN 342 West 14th Street New York I OUR NEW ILLUSTRATED GENERAL CATALOG No, 46 desciihes | = our proilnots; mailod upon roi|tli-st. ^ 1 WE PLAN AND PLANT GROUNDS AND GARDENS EVERY- i i WHERE WITH OUR ''WORLD'S CHOICEST NURSERY AND = I GREENHOUSE PRODUCTS." | j NURSERYMEN, FLORISTS AND PLANTERS j I RUTHERFORD, N. J. | ^llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllilllllllllllNiillilililliilillllliiiiU^^ Incorporated 19 J 1 ANDREW K. KENNEDY. Pres. and Trcas. KENNEDY & HUNTER SEEDSMEN Pot Grown Strawberry Plants Now Ready All Standard Varieties $3.50 per 100 156 West 34th Street ?e"„?a'."Ma[,'™ New York 'ONLY THE BE.ST" THE NEXT STORM MAY DO THIS TO •\7-g~\-l TI> CflVICCT "Tl^FFTC Your trees may appear strong and I ^JUlx. ni^Hiijl 1 IVEjtiC? healthy— and yet be so unsound that the next storm will snap them off like the one shown here. If your trees need no attention you want to know it. If they do, yiiu DURht to know it. If you want real Tree Sur- gery, it must he Davey Tree Surgery. Expert ex- aminations without charge. Representatives with credentials axailalilc everywhere. Write today for lieautiful free book and letters from estate owners to whom our examinations have been a revelation. Write tiiday. JOHN DAVEY [Father of Tree Surgery I THE DAVEY TREE EXPERT CO. Inc. 443 Elm Street, Kent, Ohio Ilrauolii s Willi toloplioiio iiiniiortions: .Vow Vork. l'liiluilol|dila, ('liiciii,'o, Montreal, Sun Fi.inci.soo. OOPVRICHT i«ia 38 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. ®I|^ Contents- "Sunt, 19X4 Building the Flower Garden The Gardeners' Co-operative Movement 52 Bv W. G. Comersall 39 Circulation of Water in the Soil Transplanting Big Trees .... 42 By Maud De Wilt Pear / 54 The Semi-Aquatic Irises Bv H. J. Moore 43 Success in Woodland Planting June . . . Bii David S. Miller 43 By Arthur Smitl . 54 Perfect Days 43 Happy Thoughts 54 Georgian Court. Lakewood, N. J. . 44 Plant Life in Mexican Arid Regions The Children's Home Gardens By Elmer Steam , 55 Bv Elizabeth Chase 45 Raising Orchids from Seeds 56 Growing Grapes in Pots Bv Percy E. Hicl(s 46 Spray Every Year for Perfect Fruit 57 A Confession . . By G. C. Walson 46 Queries and Answers . 58 The Happy Gardener By Alex. MacLellan 46 National Associations . 59 The S. A. F. & O. H. Convention Garden . 46 Local Societies .... 59 A Visit to the Converse Estate, Marion, Mass. Sun Warms Only Earth's Surface Editorials ...... The Important Man ..... The Only Way The Summer Meeting, N. A. G. . National Association Notes .... 47 47 48 48 48 49 49 ' Gardener's Diary Oyster Bay Horticultural Society . Nassau County Horticultural Society Westchester & Fairfield Horticultural Soc New London Horticultural Society Tuxedo Horticultural Society lety 60 60 60 60 61 61 Among the Gardeners ..... 50 TarrytowTi Horticultural Society . 61 Preliminary Schedule, 1915 New York Show 50 Rahway, N. J., Rose Show 61 Pedigreed Pansy Seed Pansy Seed secured from the best growers known to us after exhaustive tests. FAMOUS NON PLUS ULTRA STRAIN t.xt,,r., .i.,i str.m,. .t,™. whi.i, ca,, ik ,,c™^^^ -. » .J * ^i^^jj ^^j ^ji^, ii^.^^ plants lor seed pmposcs. and llnrcdin- must nut Im- Gigantic Size, Heavy Texture, Brilliant Colors i"nr..nn.i.ai wiih siiains ..mM-cii i.y s.imi Bnciism, n at i.m.T prin-s. Onr Non Phis Ultra Pnns.v is a inixtnn itainins tin- larsi-st. hand- I'kf- '/i '«• Oz siiini'St and most pcrfi-ct vari.'tii-s cv.-r sont out. The- lu^anlilul i-olor- Fire King. R.d :ind vllun. laruv lirown I'Vc .Tll.in ifl.2ri ^i.l,<\ in:; and variety of ninrUins u'ivc a In il of thi'sc I'ansii^s a nnist l>rllliant p,r,r,^r„, TiTiiii-,™ i> , r i,. ' ir i o- .00 ,i.i 11, , r i, . , . ^ r Hiinporor William. I'ccp iniw in l.j.i 4.0" :tp|" Jiranr-o. Jin- seed has licfii saved from tlio ^'rratest assortincnt of ' l,v|)cs. inidndini; only the hcst of (iiaiit Cassicrs. IlilKiLits. 'IViinardcailx I-""''' Beaconsfleld. \iiilil, -^Inid.d whito l.'i l.r,0 .^.llli and Giant Eni-lisli, I''rc'nih and (iiriiran strains. Kiia-st Mixed, pkt. Light Blue. White er-riter ... ■.... 10 l.dll H f.ll 1.1 ets., Vi n.. ?l,r,0, ox,. ?i;. Light Blue 10 1,00 n.w GTAIMT PAM'^TF'^ Pres, Camot. rmc wliit." iKlals: Mcep hlntcli 15 1.25 4.00 Purple 10 1.00 ."...".n Separate Colors Pure Yellow lo i.no .1.50 oiir sir.'iini^ of Oinnt rniisii-s :iri' prinMircd from sporialiPts in Enropi'. Snow- White Ht l.nii :\.r,\\ w liii il.-vntoil llu-ir ontirc Pin-r^iifs ln\\;ir't pnxliu'iii-r sizf, very hr'nv.v White. Dnrk f-yp lii l.nn :;.."i(t PANSIES IN MIXTURE I'kt, I'l oz. (iz. I'kt. y, 07.. Oz, Masterpiece, SmiutI. n.w . lass of ld,.t, hed fansi,.s, Bugnot Strain. I.a.^e. stained, mixed $0.2.-, 5:l.,-,0 $,-,.,«. Willi lari-'e l)looms nn.stlv iindiilaled or enrled. l:iilliant e.dors $0.1.-, $2. no .$7.iio Catsier's Stram. .Ml e..l„rs mixi^d 1,'", t.oo :i.,-,o M,^dame Perret. Early Mow. riil^, Iraurant, i-sp,'- Odier, All colors nii\,.il 1.", l.oo riOii liallv rii-li ill red sliades; lar:;e llon.riiiii 1,", 1,,",0 ,",.00 Fine English Mixed 0,-, .,'",0 !..-|ii 30-32 BARCLAY ST. NEW YORK CITY GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA DEVOTED TO THE SCIENCE OF FLORICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE ADOPTED AS THE OFFICIAL ORGAN OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF GARDENERS \nl. X\J1I. jUiXi';, i'n4. N( Building the Flower Garden By W. G. Gomersall. There is no ganlen picture su beautiful as that [)ruduccil liy a group or groups of hardy flowers and fohage. Yet try as one will to produce the best effects how often we have to admit that some of the most beautiful and effective llmver ])ictures we have seen have been produced either l)y accident or without human careful forethought. Yet, because occasionally one has met with this accidental pict- ure, it does not follow that unskillful or careless planting will produce such results, far from it. To properly plant pictures of tree shrubbery or hardy flowering plants re- i|uires a knowledge of their habits, their flowering season, height, degree of hardiness, whether fall or spring is the best season to plant. Whether they are shade or sun lov- ing jjlants, whether suitable for a dry or wet ground, and also it is important to know their suitability as a cut flower, and their color. Some plants are best adapted for a semi- wild garden, others for edges of lakes and water courses and others form splendid subjects for the well kept lawn. It is among the rocky hills bordering the Hudson River tiiat some of the most glorious Autumn pictures are seen to the best advantage. The Wild .\ster or Jilichaelnias daisies in lovelv masses of lavender, lilac and purple s])lendnr splashed with Golden Rod and the fiery Autumn tints of the Sumach toned and mellowed by the yellow leaves of the Sassafras and the rich red coloring of the dogwood. A bold rock standing majestically above this group has tempted a woodbine to raise its head above the purple mass and itself has ])ut on that glorious orange scarlet tint with which the sun has clothed it and so make it a fit coni- panidii for such gorgeously arrayed company. What more beautiful i)icture could there lie for the eyes to feast upon. Hut imagine the flowers changed to hollyhocks, Campanulas or gorgeous Phlox, and would not the picture lose its charm, or if the whole picture were transferred to a well kept lawn should we not realize the discord of the surroundings. The inharmonious settings to the picture would rob it of its charm. In ])lanting hardy herbaceous plants the ada|)tabilit\ of the surroundings to the character of the plants must be considered, where a corner of the grounds can be sj)ared. Try a special setting for those hardy flowers that are of a semi-wild character. It may take a few years to grow the surroundings into that peaceful and restful character so that everything growing a])])ears so adapted to its sur- roundings, that the hand of man is lost ;md only nature seems to have done the work. In the formation of such a hardy garden, rocks are of great assistance. In many localities, however, rocks are not obtainable, but the evenness of the ground ma\ be broken by sunken gardens using the excavated earth to form mounds and slopes, the whole or part being screened from the general view with evergreens. Rhododendrons, Pines, Spruce, Boxwood, etc., or plants of such character as are adapted to the local climate con- ditions. These sunken or depressed gardens would in wintl exposed places form splendid gardens for such ten- der plants as are difficult to grow ex])osed to the winter wind. The possibilities of such a garden, if entirely sur- rounded by Pines, dense growing deciduous shrubs and evergreens adapted to the locality, appeal to the imagina- tion. Being separated and distinct from the other garilens, it would have a distinct character of its own. The en- trance might be partially obscured and thus be a garden for seclusion and rest. In such a place would be found a home for choice Rhododendrons, Andromedas, .Azaleas, Clethras Kalmias and Hollies, ( )smanthus and even the laurels and Aucubas. While intermingled or in groujis would be ])lanted Cornus Florida, the white ami red flowering, Pinus Mugho and I'rinos Verticillata or decid- uous holly and Eunoymons Europeous, while on the top of the mound Rhus Glabra Laciniata or cut leaved Sumach, and Eunoymons Alatus and a cer gimiale against the back- ground of Pines would be most beautiful, and here would grow in ])erfect harmony the Wild Asters Novol Anglica, and the Helenimns, Autumnale, Supcrlium and Pumilum. While on the sloping bank a mass of Hypericum Moserianum, Densiflora and Aenothera Youngii with Mahonia Aquafolia would be charming. ( )f course, the continuity of such a sloping bank would have to be l)rokeu, by either rocks or planting the Rhododendrons to form points or breaks. The rocks could be covered with Wichuriana Roses, Cotiueaster Microphilea, English Ivies, Polygoniinn, lialdsehusanum and Clematis, and a few plants of Veronica Subsessilis and Salvia Azurea thrown in near the Hypericums would, with their lovcl\- blue liarnKJnize with the yellow of the llyi)ericum. '{"he border being on a slope could be wide in jjlaces and narrow in others, having an edging of English Ivies or Vinca Minor, and jierhaps in places Phlox Subulata, I'unkia Subcordata Grandiflora and the Tritomas. Here too would be si)Ienome special effect is desired, it is quite permissible to utilize e.xotic subjects, but we must remem- ber that irises are irises all the world over, and if the iris is to be a special feature of any scheme, we must not be misled by the lure of some nursery catalogue with its brilliantly-colored plates and glowing descriptions into purchasing something just as good. There are numer- ous responsible firms from whom the semi-aquatic irises may be obtained, there being nothing just as good as the iris where the iris is the logical subject to use. — Canadian Florist. JUNE. JOINED be the hand of time and June, The fragrant rose, the garden's pride, Opulence of heavenly boon. Perfumes the air at eventide. T TNDALTNTED time at manhood's noon, ^^ Comes now to wed his long sought bride. ^EATH nodding stars, and summer moon Their vows are made, the knot is tied. Round Earth's altar flowers festoon, Alorn wafts their fragrance far and wide, Birds warble in their sweetest tune. .\11 nature joins "Here comes the bride," 'Sl'ciy they enjoy their honeymoon. ERE long, bold fate shall them divide. D.wm S. AIiLLi-u. PERFECT DAYS. The poet and mystic, Emerson, wrote of the perfect New England day : "There are days which occur in this climate at almost any season of the year, whereon the world reaches its perfection ; when the air, the heavenly bodies and the earth make a harmony as if Nature would indulge her offspring;. . . . and the cattle that lie on the ground seem to have great and tranquil thoughts." It was of such a day that Lowell sang : ".And what is so rare as a day in June? Then, if ever, come perfect days ; Then Heaven tries earth if it be in tune, And over it softly her warm ear lays." The busy man in the strenuous days of haying has, it is true, little time for poetry and reflection ; yet there is something about the quality of the early June days that lifts us out of ourselves, and sets us in tune with the in- finite. But these thoughts visit only those who are in close touch with Nature, and are scarcely possible to those who walk in the deep caverns between sky-scrapers, and whose horizon is bounded by rows of houses. Thus by the divine law of compensation, those who in the fields are bearing the heat and burden of the day are able to see with a clearer vision as they lift their eyes to the hills. The man who is thus daily and hourly in close touch with Nature, sharer of her secrets, partner in her bounty and witness of lier beauty and her miracles, ought to be a clean and wholesome man, as we believe usually he is. Wickedness and vice cannot live in such an atmos])liere if man is in projier touch with his environment and has caught the celestial fire. Let us all, however busy we may be, pause long enough to drink in the beautv of these June days, and be thankful that our lines have fallen in pleasant places. — Fann JournaL 44 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. GEORGIAN COURT, LAKEWOOD, N. J. A recent visit to "Georgian Crjurt," Lakewood, N. J., the country estate of George J. Gould, Esq., found it almost perfect in springtime splendor. The fine collec- tion of rhododendrons, both the catawbiense and hybrids, as the accompanying illustrations show, were rich in flower. The azaleas Amoena ( there must be over a thousand of A GLIMPSE .\T THE RHODODENDRON DISPLAY. these plants about the grounds) with their thousands of cerise flowers, must have been a gorgeous sight in bloom, although we were too late to witness it. Our illustration on the cover page is reproduced from a photograph of a beautiful s|)ecimen azalea Amoena on the Gould estate, which i.s claimed to be the largest in existence, measur- ing over twelve feet in diameter. Lakewood being regarded as a winter resort, the plant- ings of evergreens predominate and we saw beautiful specimens of spruces, pinus, taxus, retinisporas and other species, the whole making a grand display and showing good taste in architecture and landscape. The Japanese garden is one of the show features of the estate, with its combination of color and streams of water and miniature water falls. The sunken garden with its marble steps and beautiful statues which fead to it, is a marvelous piece of work where art and skill com- bine. The residence itself is a beautiful structure nestling among the pines surrounded b\- lawns which make a pleasing effect. We were all much impressed with the !^fa£Jt^ 1 i 1 ■BIM||r'.f'^ 1 r^^T^^""" 3|pMi^^ J.XP.^NESE G.\RDEN— .\N INTERESTING SPOT. beauty of the lawns, of which there are over one hundred acres ; they looked so green and fresh ! The whole estate, which has an area of over two hun- dred acres is devoted entirely to pleasure and sport. Polo, golf, tennis, boating and shooting are induged in, in their seasons. _ The range of greenhouses is an innovation to one on his first visit to them. Here chrysanthemums, carna- tions, roses, gardenias, orchids and other flowering plants RESIDENCE OF GEO. J. GOULD, ESQ.— GEORGI.VX COURT. are growing by the thousand and they were all found in excellent condition. Other houses- are devoted to fruits and vegetables. Grapes, peaches, nectarines, tomatoes, cucumbers, beans, cauliflower, lettuce and even cabbage are found growing under glass in abundance. IT.\LI.\N G.\RDEN WITH C.\SIXO IX B.\CKGROUND. Mr. George J. Gould is said to be an ardent lover of nature and this seems to be exemplified h\ the entire ap- pearance of his estate. Its development appears to be one of perfection wherever the eye can see. Josejih Mills, the su]ierintendent. a voung man still in ENTR.XNCE TO THE SUNKEN G.\RDENS. his early thirties, received his early training on some of the finest estates in England. He has had exceptional experience both outside and in the greenhouse and conse- quently is well fitted for the position he now holds. Much credit is due Mr. Mills and his able assistants for the splendid up-keep of Georgian Court. ANNUAL SWEET PEA SHOW AMERICAN SWEET PEA SOCIETY American Museum of Natural History June 27 and 28, 1915 The Children's Home Garden A tragedy has been apparent to many who have taught school in \'erniont during the past few years. Slowly but persistently it has dawned upon the minds of those who have had to do with education, or think about it at all, that something has been vitally wrong with our edu- cational system. There has been a remarkable spectacle of people rearing children whom they love and for whom they toil, and yet, in whom, from earliest childhood, they have instilled the idea that they should live their lives when grown up in some better place than that in which they were born. They, the parents, with the help of the public school system, have diligently and constantly educated their children away from their native environ- ment. Their eyes have grown long sighted in looking for the pot at the end of the rainbow while stumbling over the opportunities at their own doors. This training added to the natural tendency to migrate which we all inherit, has made sad havoc of our small villages and rural communities. Each year the best of the youths have gone away leaving inefficient ones behind. There have been e.xceptions to this rule always, and yet it is true that the best, to an alarming extent, have been en- couraged to leave home as early as possible, and have done so. Following them to their distant fields we ob- serve that in most cases they make no greater nor less success of themselves there than they would have had opportunity to make at home. Their native places have frequently fallen to decay which is a cause of regret as they grow older, when the thoughts naturally turn with sad reflection and affection to the undeveloped opportuni- ties and scenes of their birthplaces. Villages have not thrived as they should, not having been well fed by the outlying farm districts. The boys who have left the farms when young finding themselves without work in trying industrial times may return to the farm but they have unfitted themselves, many times very seriously, by not keeping pace with farming methods. The idea grew in our mind that parents and educa- tional systems might better train the children by interest- ing them in the occupations of their home environment, training them to make the most of home opportunities. In this way they might become more useful and better citizens, developing greater love and respect for their native town and be better equipped to live their lives either at home or in bigger places, if called there. That is why a small attempt was made some twelve or fifteen years ago to interest some children in a Vermont village in school gardening. After two years' trial it was a failure. Why? First, because the children came from scattered districts and when the long vacations came school and all that pertained thereto was left far behind. Secondly — we found human nature to be selfish. No few children, however convenient for them, would take care of the school garden when the other pupils were scattered and not able to do their share of the work. Since then we have learned to look upon this trait more as a part of the natural independence which is developed especially in every individual who lives in farming districts. We also came to realize that when almost every boy and girl has plenty of land at home that they do not need to have a small tract loaned them. So, then, because of the scattered conditions, because of the independent natures and because they have land of their own upon which we want a goodly number to re- main, we concluded that home gardens were best for our country boys and girls. School gardens are impractical for country schools ; only as a small demonstration, one can be used. We believe that hot beds at the countrv By Elizabeth Chase. schools are e.xcellent, however. In these thev may start early plants and transfer them later to their home gar- dens. Opportunity came, five years ago, to try home garden- ing with children. Two years were spent with very small results. It was easy from the first to interest the children, but the indifference or amusement of'the parents was often disheartening and in a few instances impossible to surmount. During this period few people knew about the attempt. By the third season, however, the work was well established, the enthusiasm of the children being sufficient to make it a success. In them had been created an interest so keen that they pestered fathers and mothers continually until they were allowed to have a small plot of ground for their own and could join the gar- den class. Commercial results were also making the parents consider the matter seriously. But one rule was made in joining the class. It was explained to each one so that there could be no question of his misunderstand- ing, that he must do all his own work after the ground was ploughed and fertilized. No name was accepted without verbal agreement to this proposition. As the class has grown rapidly in numbers during the past three seasons, a few instances have been apparent where chil- dren have not done all their own work. Each time the dishonesty has reflected upon the weakness of parents who, in their anxiety to have their children's work show up well, have taught them dishonest} by assisting them. When instances have been proved beyond a doubt that the children have not done their own work, they are not allowed to compete for the prizes. But we are giving undue attention to this point, the only unpleasant one we have ever experienced in this work, and for which our one rule is made. There liave really been a surpris- ingly small number of children who have not been fair. On the contrary honest work is the rule and in several cases the enthusiasm has been so great that it has seemed best to hold the children back. The work has been car- ried on to some extent through the public school. Ele- mentary garden books have been placed in the different schools and these the teachers have been kind enough to read with the children, or they have been taken home. Regular hours have l^een given us for talks upon garden- ing in the schools, when every phase of the work is dis- cussed by the most competent people we can get. Plans for the gardens are drawn in school in the early spring days and all seeds required are secured through the penny packet system. Once each month during the spring and summer a journey is made together to some market garden, chicken, horse or dairy farm. These are made gala days. Children from 5 to 17 years of age are admitted to the class and are divided according to age into three classes. New departments have been added to the work each year, as there has been a natural demand. General vege- table gardens, special crops, flower gardens and improve- ment in door yards have been on the list. This year lambs and pigs and maple sugar products will be new features. For each of these departments, prizes have been offered through the generous interest of Mr. Theo. N. Vail of this town and other friends. They are divided into two classes, those given for the work observed by the committee who visits the gardens once each month, and those given by the judges at the fair which is held every fall on the village green. The prizes vary each year as it seems best to encour- age the work of different departments. The children are not encouraged to save their products 46 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. for the fair. They are urged to help supply the family table and to market everything' at the right time. They are guided as. much as possible in proper marketing. They are guided in raising the things that have special commercial value. A small child likes to make mud pies, but he likes to raise a plant of his own just as well — and as soon as he sees the fruit of that plant he will enthuse over the worth-while product of his labor and not over the mud pie. \\'ith occasional parties the work is made play and every four-year-old wants to be five years old so he may join the "garden class." Right there is the best and strongest point of the Lyndon Garden Work — the beginning with the child when very young. Five years is almost too late. We find that beginning with the very young we can develop almost a universal love for these occupations for which their home state is pre-eminently adapted. \Ve see no reason why this work cannot be done in any rural community and earnestly hope that it may. (C'liildren's gardens, whether school, neighborhood, city lot or home gardens, have become a potential force in child education; especially so in rural communities, and children's gardens should be encouraged. Elementary courses are taught in some of the schools of the large cities, but those children who have the ad- vantage of practicing right in the soil become the greatest garden enthusiasts. The foregoing contribution by a pioneer in the work presents some valuable suggestions to those who are interested in the movement to keep the j'outh on the farm. — Ed.) GROWING GRAPES IN POTS. By Percy E. Hicks. It is surprising that one does not see more grapes grown in pots, considering the small amount of space thev take and the little care that they recjuire for the quantity and quality of the fruit that can be got. Take on private places where there is only a small amount of glass ; if you have a small light house where you can maintain a night temperature of from 65 to 68 degrees I don"t know of anything that is prettier or that would give your employer more satisfaction than a nicely finished house of grapes in pots They are of easy culture ; take three-year-old imported canes and give the same temperature as you would grapes in the border starting easy at first and gradually increas- ing. The main thing is to see that they do not suffer for water and feed liberally when fruit is set. Black Hamburgh is one of the most satisfactory grapes for pots and my advice to any one that has not tried them is to get a dozen fruiting canes from some reliable firm and take good care of the airing, watering, feeding, etc., and it will give a lot of pleasure to yourself and your em- ployer. A CONFESSION. What a glorious profession is that of the true gardener ! He enjoys all the beauties of nature which his em- ployer only glimpses between times ! He gets all the effulgence and none of the worries of paying for it ! I have been crying like John the Baptist for more pay for the gardener. I take it all back. The gardener ought to work for nothing and pay a premuim G. C. Watson-. THE HAPPY GARDENER. Oh ! the glorious profession Of the gardener — for just see How he holds in his possession All flowers, vines, shrubs and trees. Even charms of old dame Nature He claims are his by right. And he for higher wages Now fain would go on strike. In regard to compensation. Well may the gardener smile, For a balance in equation Shows boss behind a mile. Enjoying constant pleasure — While boss gets scarce a peek At dame Nature's golden treasure, It may be once a week. So to equalize life's burdens I, George, the plan suggest. That the gardener pay a premium, He is so highly blest. The foregoing lines were suggested by G. C. Watson's remarks on the subject. Let some one else give us the other side. Newport) R. I. ALEXANDER iLACLELLAN. (From Horticulture.) HOUSE OF POT-GEOW.X GE.VPES, CROWN BY PERCY E. HICKS. THE S. A. F. & O. H. CONVENTION GARDEN OF 1914. The Boston reports on all Convention preparations are most satisfactory and very promising, thanks to the well united efforts and labors of the Boston organizations which are hard at work to make the coming convention a great success. The Convention Garden, as plaimed and prepared by our enthusiastic brothers of our horticultural and other- wise well known and progressive Convention City, offers a splendid opportunity for the growers of all kinds of outdoor plants to display their goods and their skill. The garden is situated in one of the principal and most fre- quented parks of the city within easy walking distance of the Convention Hall. The general layout is very effec- tive and the surromidings are most ideal. The grounds and their care are in the hands of most able experts, which, together with the favorable climatic conditions, assures successful culture of every plant that is sent there for exhibition or decorative purposes. The Minneapolis Convention Garden was a success in every respect and has brought the aims and achievements of our profession and our organization nearer to the public than any other thing the S. A. F. has ever done, outside of its National Flower shows. The people of Minneapolis feel deeply gratefttl towards the National Society of Florists for the beautiful garden they planted for them and for the lessons it has taught them. The education of the public in this practical manner has al- ready made itself felt amongst local florists, which is proof that such educational exploitation is at the same time practical advertising. Our daily press insisted that THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 47 the garden be continued in a similar way in the future and the display of 140,000 spring flowering bulbs, which was at its best a few days ago, brought out the follow^ing editorial from the Alinneapolis Tribime of May 21 : OUR TULIP BEDS, "Is there in another city of the world a sight so bril- liant as the garden beside our Minneapolis armory? There it stands, the property of the poorest child as well as the richest grown-up who passes by. In every such life it is playing a part to-day — warming the soul with the richness of splendid color, quickening in it the love of nature, lifting it above the dusty drab of the day's busi- ness. Xature is a bold artist. Were any mere man to splash colors from a paint bo.x in such gorgeousness, to parallel scarlet with canary yellow, to mottle pink and orange in the same blossom, the eyes would close tightly with the hurt. But the very splendor of these gay colors in the tulip beds makes them magnificent. It is as though nature laughed at our futile attempts to rival her and yet gave to us opulently of her most brilliant treasures. It is not so long since such a public garden would have been found far from the center of any American city if found at all. Men and women thought themselves 'practical' in those days ; in reality they were only shortsighted. To-day the dweller of the American city sees farther — and he makes his children richer than he was with a suc- cession of clean and wholesome interests as the best pos- sible offset to the day's temptations. "Our tulip beds are something more than a passing delight, this spring. They are a brilliant certificate of our widening vision and our nearer approach to fullness of the spirit." To what better aims can we devote our professional labors and skill than to the recognized motives outlined in that editorial, and of what could we justly be more proud and happy, than to feel that our endeavors and achievements are deserving of such favorable impres- sions, comments and recognition. What has been started successfully last year can now be greatly enlarged upon in Boston, and a splendid be- ginning has been made. May I be accorded the privilege to ask every grower, florist and gardener to do his full share towards the success of our Boston Convention Garden, through active participation as an exhibitor. The Garden is all ready, and all that is now required is the plants to fill it. We want you all to help us in this educational work, and we want you to share alike the happiness, the pride, the glory and other manifold bene- fits of this progressive undertaking. Planting time is passing fast, so write to James B. Shea, Chairman, Con- vention Garden, 30 Beacon Street, Boston, Mass., for information and space. DO IT NOW ! Theodore Wirth, President, S. A. F. & O. H. A VISIT TO THE CONVERSE ESTATE, MARION, MASS. The writer recently had the pleasure of a journey over the Converse estate at Marion, accompanied by Super- intendent Roy. After walking about two hours around the grounds we realized that a vast amount of planning and an equally large amount of work must have been necessary to have so completely changed the eighty acres comprising this estate into such a picture. As you enter the gate, if one takes the drive, a beauti- ful vista of stately trees banked with Rhodendrons prom- ises a pleasing picture when the season arrives for the unfolding of the numerous buds into a gorgeous display. Preferring to walk, one takes a turn to the right and enters the Daffodil Walk winding its circuitous way among Nature's solitude from the gate to the green- houses. Never in the walk could the eye escape the nar- cissus in all its loveliness. Bordering the walk are thou- sands of trumpet varieties, while peeping from among the undergrowth were seen the beautiful poeticus. Another gorgeous display was seen in the formal garden where nearly ten thousand bulbs of various kinds vied with each other in an effort to catch the eye. Emperor and Em- press Narcissus were remarkably fine. In the greenhouses everything showed the touch of the master hand, while the house containing a large collection of Hydrangea Hortensis, each plant bearuig several trusses augmented by splendid specimens of pink and while spireas, was the center of attraction. In fact it was hard to turn in any direction without seeing some- thing to hold the attention of any lover of Nature. W. F. TURXER. SUN WARMS ONLY EARTH'S SURFACE. How far does the heat of the full summer's sun pen- etrate into the ground? Probably not one person in ten will give an answer that is even appro.ximately correct, says Tit Bits. Their replies generally vary from one inch to many hundred feet. Actuallv the distance is about three feet. Beyond this depth the temperature of the soil does not vary ap- preciably from hour to hour, let the midday be ever so hot and the midnight ever so cold. At this depth the mean temperature in the summer is about 58 degrees Fahrenheit and in the winter about 36 degrees Fahrenheit. And the annual difference? That is to say, the depth at which there is some difference between the summer temperature and that of the winter? Well, at a depth of 60 feet it is impossible to measure any change due to the changing seasons overhead. Go down only 40 feet and it is minute — barely measurable. But at 25 jeet to 30 feet it is quite a definite amount. The surface heat takes a long while to penetrate down- ward. In fact, curiously enough, the change in tem- jierature of the ground takes just over six months to reach the end of its 25-foot journey. Thus we are faced with the phenomenon of midsummer upon the surface occurring at the same time as midwinter 25 to 30 feet down, and vice versa. As most people are aware, the temperature increases with the depth. At three feet down the average annual mean is just short of 45 degrees Fahrenheit, while at 25 feet it is just over a degree more, that is 47 degrees Fahrenheit. In agricultural districts yon will hear farmers in the same village talking about "cold" soils and "warm" soils. This, although it soimds improbable to those who have never had anything to do with the land, is an actual fact. Everybody knows from personal experience that black clothes are hotter to wear when a hot summer's sun is shining than white ones, hence the "flannels" for men and the white frocks for girls. The reason for this is that black and other dark color.s absorb heat, while white and the lighter shades reflect it. And this applies to soils equally with clothes. Those soils wdiich by their ingredients are a darker color are literally w-armer than their lighter neighbors. Peaty soils, some of which are nearly "black, others a rich, dark brown, are the warmest. Light colored clays and chalk the coldest. There may be as much as 15 de- grees or 16 degrees Fahrenheit difference between the temperatuies of two soils, lying next each other, and upon the same day. On a warm suminer's day the tem- perature of peaty soil may well be over 87 degrees Fahrenheit, while a chalky field of similar situation in the .same district will not rise above 73 degrees to 74 degrees Fahrenheit. 48 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. MARTIN C. EBEL, Managing Editor. Published by CHRONICLE PRESS M. E. MAYNARD, President. A. A. FAY, Sec'y. Office of Publicarion 1 Montgomery Street, Jersey City, N. J. New York Office 236 WILLIAM STREET, NEW YORK CITY. Single Copies, 10 Cent Subscription Price, 12 Months, $1.00 Foreign, $1.50 Entered as second class matter February 18, 1905, at the Post Offic« at Jersey City, N. J., under Act of Congress of March 3, 1879. Published on the 15th of each month. Advertising forms close on the 10th preceding publication. For information regarding advertising rates, etc, address Adrertising Department, Gardeners' Chronicle, Madison, N. J. ADOPTED AS THE OFFICIAL ORGAN OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF GARDENERS President, Vice-President. Treasurer, WM. H. WAITE, J. W. EVERETT, JAMES STUART, Yonkers, N. Y. Glen Cove, N. Y. Mamaroneck, N. Y. Secretary, MARTIN C. EBEL, Madison, N. J. TRUSTEES FOR 1914. Peter Duff, Orange. N. J.; William Kleinheinz, Ogontz. Pa.; William Duckham, Madison, N. J.; .-Mexander MacKenzie, Highland Falls, N. Y.; John H. Dodds, Wyncote, Pa. DIRECTORS. To serve until 1915 — John Shore, Harrison, N. Y.; Thomas Proctor, Lenox, Mass.; William N. Craig, Brookline, Mass.; Frank E. Witney. Fishkill, N. Y. ; Robert Williamson, Lircenwich, Conn.; F. ICirk, Bar Harbor, Me.; James Bell, New York, N. Y. To serve until 1916 — Thomas W. Logan, Jenkintown, Pa.; John F. Huss, Hartford, Conn.; las. MacMachan, Tuxedo Park, N. Y.; A. Bauer, Deal Beach, N. J.; John W. Jones, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Alexander McPherson, Washington, D. C; James C. Shield, Monticello, 111. To serve until 1917 — A. J. Smith, Lake Geneva, Wis.; Theodore Wirth, Minneapolis, Minn.; Wm. Hetrick, San Gabriel, Cal.; Robert Angus, Tarrytown, N. Y.; Robert Bottomley, New Canaan, Conn.; Alex. Fraser, Newport, R. I.; .Arthur Smith, Reading, Pa. Vol. XVIII. JUNE, 1914. No. 2. In August next we will witness what will probably be the greatest gathering of floricultural and horticultural interests ever brought together at a convention in this country. Boston, which today many regard as the hot- bed of horticulture in America, will be the meeting place. The convention will be that of the Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists. The published reports of the preparations under way give every evi- dence that not alone the usual trade exhibits, but the out- door garden plantings will surpass anything of their nature ever attempted heretofore. The National Association of Gardeners will meet in Boston at the time of the convention, its sister society having graciously included the meeting of the gardeners' association in its general program. Attendance at Boston during the S. A. F. convention offers a trip both for pleasure and profit, and the gar- deners should not miss it. Pleasure, in meeting with the men who have been instrumental in the upbuilding of horticulture in the past decade ; profitable, in the knowl- edge you will glean from a visit to the outdoor garden, studying what has been accomplished in this competitive planting; and from a visit to the convention's general trade exhibition. Make Boston during the week of .\ugust 16 a part of your 1914 outing. You will not regret it. Co-operation between the gardeners' societies is no longer an advocated theory ; it has become an established fact. Action has been taken by some of the prominent local gardeners' societies to bring this about, the moving spirit behind the plan being the gardeners' national asso- ciation. The prime motive of the co-operative plan is to create a more intimate knowledge as to what constitutes the ability of the gardener who is thoroughly proficient in his profession — to disabuse the public mind of the mis- taken notion that simply because a man knows how to mow a lawn and dig potatoes he is entitled to the title of gardener ; and to promote a greater appreciation, on the part of those who employ them, of the value of the serv- ices gardeners render ; to arouse a keener general interest in what the gardener produces ; and, finally, to provide for the gardener, not so situated as to be able to acquire scientific knowledge through a college course, oppor- tunities through their own societies to obtain this educa- tion to apply to their practical experience. The gardeners' co-operative movement is entitled not only to the support of the gardeners, but of all interests allied with the gardening profession. Its sponsors rec- ognize that the plan is no small undertaking and that it needs the boosts of the friends of the profession, as well as the "knocks" of its critics, to bring to it the publicity it desires and deserves. THE IMPORTANT MAN. You are important if you put yourself in the way ol important things to be done — and do them. The years, since history began, have produced dreamers and air castle builders, whose imaginary achievements would have astounded the world had they actually put their mind pictures into reality. But all along, such have breathed out their span and died ordinary and unknown. The Important RIan is he who puts his dreams and great imaginations into works. The men who pave our streets and plough our soil, and run our machines, and write our iDooks — and who do whatsoever useful things that come to hand — are im- portant men. The task is not always indicative of the importance of the man. But the man is always indicative of the importance of the task. Your future importance depends upon the importance you place in the things you now do. — Philadelphia Bulletin. THE ONLY WAY. There's onlv one method of meeting life's test, Jes' keep on a strivin' and hope for the best. Don't give up the game and retire in dismay, 'Cause hammers are thrown when you like a bouquet. This world would be tiresome ; we'd all get the blues, If all the folks in it held just the same views. So finish your work, show the best of your skill. Some folks won't like it. but other folks will. If you're leading an army, or building a fence. Do the most that you can with your own common sense. One small word of praise in this journey of tears, Outweighs in the balance 'gainst a cart load of sneers. The plants that we're passin' as common place weeds Oft prove to be jes' what some suff'erer needs. So keep on agoin', don't stay standin' still. Some people won't like it. but other folk? will. — Philosophy of William F. Gude. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 49 NATIONAL ASSOCIATION NOTES M. C. EBEL, Secretary, MADISON, N. J. THE SUMMER MEETING The summer meeting of the associati(jn will he held in Boston during the convention of the Society of Ameri- can Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists. This deci- sion was reached at the last meeting of the executive board. Many gardeners are members of both organiza- tions and it will give them an opportunity to attend the meetings of both bodies. The program of the meeting- will be published in the next issue of the Chronicle. It is expected that a number of speakers, men who have gained prominence in the horticultural world, will ad- dress the gardeners on topics in which they will be di- rectly interested. Members intending to attend the meeting going via New York, will find the outside route to Boston a most enjoyable one; leaving New York ^Monday afternoon, August 16, at five o'clock and arriving at Boston the next morning at eight o'clock. This route has also been se- lected by the New York Florists' Club, which will jour- ney to Bo.ston on the same steamer as the members of the National Association of Gardeners. Those who expect to attend the meeting and who de- cide to join the partv giii_i;to)i Star. PARTS OF A FLOWER. The various parts of a fluwcr are louked npnn by botanists as being modified leaves. The outside covering of the flower bud is termed the "calyx." Its purpose is to protect the more tender parts within, and it is generally green in color and quite leaf-like in texture. Within the calv.x, the next row of leaves constitute the "corolla,'' each leaf being called a "petal," These are generally white or of some brilliant color, and not only serve as a protection to the inner parts, but by their bright color attract insects which assist in pollination. Within the corolla the next row of modified leaves are the "stamens," which at their tips bear small yellow or brown pouch-like vessels called the "anthers," and which contain the male element or "pollen." \\^ithin the circle of stamens is one or more slender greenish stems called the "pistil," the outer end of which is more or less en- larged anci sticky on the upper surface. This enlarged portion is the "stigma." At the lower end the pistil is considerably swollen and is called the ovary. This devel- ops into the fruit or seed pod, and within it are the ovules, which, after pollination, become the seeds. The Gardeners' Co-operative Movement Co-operation between the National Association of Gardeners and the gardeners' local societies had its incep- tion at the meeting" of the executive board of the gar- deners' national organization held in New Vork in Janua- ry last. The prevading opinion at that meetuig was that the association had reached a state where it is to be re- garded as solidly founded, recognized as an influential factor in ornamental horticulture, with a membership representative of the best element within the gardening profession — and that the time had arrived for it to take some definite action to benefit the profession which it represents. Co-operating with the local societies, it was agreed, would afford the greatest opportunities for effective work of national scope ; thus it was decided to communicate with the different local societies throughout the country to obtain their views on such a movement. The response was so favorable that at the meeting of the executive board held in Philadelphia, in April, the co-operative plan was placed into being and an invitation was extended to the local societies to have those desiring to participate in the movement appoint a committee of three members of their society to work in conjunction with the committee of the national association, which committee is to be known as the National Co-operative Committee. As enough of the local societies have already appointed committees to assure sufficient support from different parts of the coun- try to make the movement a success the National Com- mittee is preparing to begin its activity in the early fall, being now engaged in working out the details of its campaign. : Just what can be attained through a co-operative move- ment between the local societies and conducted through a national source cannot be foretold, for it will depend largely on the interest taken by those who engage in it. If the various committees can be sufificientl}- interested to seriously engage in the work before them much can be accomplished for the good of the gardening profession as a whole ; and incidentally for the development of the local societies themselves. It will require whole-souled energy on the part of those entrusted with the undertak- ing to produce the expected results. Half-hearted effort will not aid but will retard the cause. There are those who regard possible success of this movement which in- volves relying on scattered sources with much scepticism ; but I believe that there are members in every gardeners' society who, if they find that they can serve their profes- sion, will willingly give the time to do so; and who can be relied on to perform the functions of a committee which a movement such as the one under discussion will call for. The membership roll of the National Association of Gardeners spreads over practically every state in the Union so that its mission is not in any sense a local one. but is a national one ; while the influence of a local society is in most instances confined to the sphere of the com- mimity in which it is located. The gardeners' problems concern both their national and local societies and work- ing out their solution is the business of both of them. Conditions in all communities are not alike, but the un- favorable ones where they do exist are closely related in most cases. Through co-operation many of the condi- tions may be improved. To strengthen the profession conditions governing it should be more uniform ; more alike in every direction that the profession reaches. By studying the general conditions systematicallv, endeavor- ing to eliminate the bad and trying to better the good in them, the profession cannot fail to benefit : and such benefit will reflect in the individuals who are entitled to the calling of gardener. .Most garaeuers, especially the younger men who are not yet nrmiy establisned, are as much interested m the probable cou.pensation they will derive trom their pro- lession as tney are m any other phase which enters mio it, and this is but human nature ; lor experience has taugnt that It costs to live, although now and tnen the sentimen- tally inclined suggest that the gardener must find his real compensation in the joy he derives out of his vocation. Opportunity is presenting itself for a campaign of educa- tion in a co-operative way for improving what is now a very unsatisfactory situation ; for it is only too true that the gardeners themselves are as much to blame as are the employers, for the poor remuneration that comes to so many of them and which often is out of all proportion to the responsibilities they are expected to assume. To substantiate this contention it is only necessary to allude to the practice of many gardeners when seeking a posi- tion, who, on learning of a vacancy, file their applications specifying salary expected, without considering as to whether the position applied for warrants a better salary than asked, or whetfier they are even qualified to apply for it. They have simply made up their mind to secure the position if they can and have just one object in mind — to get employment at so much a month. Through this practice many good opportunities have been spoiled and as a consequence thereof estate owners engaging un- fitted men have become disgusted with their experience in attempting to maintain country estates ; and they are frequently wont to blame the profession as a whole for their experience with a fe\v individuals in it. To educate the estate owner that a gardener thoroughly efficient in his profession is entitled to more than the most of them are disposed to pay will make it necessary to strike at the root of the evil. The fact must be made known to these owners that the men who proffer their services for small pay almost invariably are small men in the profession : that a capable gardener is entitled to, and expects proper compensation for his services, just as do the capable men in other professions. It should not be amiss to suggest here that salaries within the gardening profession can never be regulated, or fixed, as some choose to call it, either through co-operation or by means of any other methods. Professional gardening will always be looked upon as acquired lu.xury by those who employ it and not as a fixed necessity. This will prohibit the enforcement of any regulations such as gov- ern trades and labor in general, and those who are pos- sessed of the knowledge and skill required of the thor- ough gardener must rejoice over the fact that they are above the domination of such reg^ulations. What is nec- essary is to establish a closer relationship between em- ployer and gardener ; and to instill a greater confidence in the gardeners' ability ; and to arouse a greater interest on the part of the owner in wdiat his gardener is produc- ing for him. When this confidence and interest is once properly created, the relationship of employer and gar- dener will become such that compensation will be a mat- ter of individual adiustment and not to be fixed as is from time to time advocated that is should be. That the profession has not gained the recognition to which it is justly entitled, is due to the almost total ignor- ance of people as a whole regarding the essentials to properlv fit a man for the calling of gardener ; for it is commonly accepted that any man who can hoe, dig and sow is qualified to pass as a gardener. Only few people know of the years that must be spent in hard work and THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 53 study before one can even yain a fair knowledoe of the fundamentals of this profession ; and what learning a gardener must acquire before he can declare — I am a master of my vocation! It remains with the gardener to disabuse the minds of people that gardening is but little more than ordinary labor and to teach them that it is based on scientific principles, obtained only through long practical training. And how can you better elevate this profession in the eyes of those who do not yet know it as such, than through co-operating to bring your ac- complishments nearer home to them through the activi- ties of your national association and local societies? Let us turn to the local societies whose influence to-day is restricted to the communities they serve. Is there any reason to doubt that through co-operation with the nation- al association their influence, which is now purely local, could be made nation wide? Is there any reason why through such co-operation the gardeners' national and local societies should not be able in time to wield a similar influence as do the legal and medical societies and those of other sciences? These professions have been devel- oped by the organizations which represent them ; and their interests are now being carefully guarded through these organizations, which in almost every instance con- stitute a national and local societies working in conjunc- tion and in harmony with each other. What these organ- izations have done and are doing for their respective professions can also be accomplished for the gardening profession if the same persistent efl^ort is put forth that they employed. The local problems of a profession can usually be coped with by the local body. But those prob- lems which concern the profession as a whole require united application to work out their solution. Lentil a profession is thoroughly organized this is difficult to attain ; but once the national and local associations be- come co-operative, a base is established which provides the munitions for concerted action, and prepares the way for the profession's aggrandizement whenever the oppor- tunity presents; and for its defense if occasion requires. The educational possibilities and benefits that are to be derived from closer association between the national and local bodies must not be overlooked. A contributor to the horticultural press, himself an eminent gardener, recently wrote : "If the profession wishes to obtain that full and complete recognition to which its requirements and knowledge entitle it. still further steps must be taken to place itself in the professional class by acknowl- edging the value and necessity of scientific attain- ments. Men are graduating every year from agricul- tural colleges who on that account consider them- selves fitted for the position of private 'estate man- agers. Employers too are in many cases under the impression that a college man is necessarily better than one without college education. Al- though plenty of instances can be found where college men have fallen down when they have at- tempted to run either a farm or garden, this has not been because of, but in spite of, their college educa- tion. To produce the best results practice must be combined with science so that a man may have a knowledge of the why and how of what he does. A man with practical experience who will take the trouble to acquire a working knowledge of the scien- tific principles of his profession can do so with great- er benefit to his practice than a man starting to learn these principles without any practical knowledge whatever. . . . Whatever value the experienced gardener may himself place upon the knowledge and skill gained through years of study and practical work he must make up his mind that scientific educa- tion has come to stay and act accordingly." What this writer states is a condition that the gardener of the future will have to contend with even more so than the gardener of to-day, and he must prepare himself for it. The young men serving their apprenticeship, and all others not too old to learn, should be encouraged in seek- ing scientific knowledge w'hich they might apply to their practical experience. Most of them cannot seek it at col- lege, so their local society should be their source to which they might look for at least part of this education which the\- cannot obtain through their manual training. Some of the stronger local societies have in the past conducted successful class studies in various departments of horti- culture, and if sufficient interest should manifest itself, it would be no stupendous task to inaugurate a regular system of teaching in which all the local societies might participate ; and the installation of such a system should in time lead to the adoption, by the national association, of a plan similar to that of the Royal Horticultural Socie- ty of England, providing for examinations to gain an association's diploma, which should bring to the posses- sor distinction in his profession. Through an exchange of views and the disseminating of reports of the doings of local societies, the experience of one may aid others and the accounting of the upbuild- ing and success of the strong may prove helpful to the weak. It pays to advertise! This axiom is as applicable to a profession as it is to a business or to an individual. The other sciences seize every opportunity to keep before the iniblic eve, and the time is at hand when the oldest of all the professions must attempt to get before the public eye and remain before it. As an example, take the_ flower shows. Thousands attend, admire the Ix-auty of flowers and plants, but how many give one thought to the skill that creates them ? You ask why do they ignore this? Because little is known of the profession that makes flower shows possible. Publicity of it must no longer be confined to the horticultural press alone. _ Its progress must be heralded broadcast. It is a national task, not local, and will require the co-operation of the national and local forces. In what I have presented in behalf of anl.v .lii.'t rr.iMi thi' kn;;,st iiii|...rtiTs c.I g = Tlllips. ny;iiiiitlis. N;ir. ;.;-^lls, Lilir> ;iiiil liTiitiy uUii-l* litlllts. = I WEITE FOR SPECIAL ADVANCE PRICE LIST. | I VAUGHAN'S SEED STORE | I CHICAGO, 31 W. Randolph St. NEW YORK. 43 Barclay St. 1 ^riiiiiiiiiiliiiliilliliilililiiiiiiiiliiiiiiiiiiimiuiiiiiiNiiiiiiiiiiiu mijiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii miiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiil; 1 17 AD C A I 17 • 9 I'OGS in resting position; 3 ft. high, 5'/. ft. long rUIX. Ui\LEi. L ROOSTERS 18 inches high /'^ ROWN of Boxwood, very dens*- ; clipped very effective for lawn, Italian or formal ^^ gardens. For immediate shipmtnl. On exhibition C. Zeller & Sons Nurseries, Flat- bush. Brooklyn. N. Y. Write for prices to AUGUST ROLKER & SONS, 5 I Barclay Street. NEW YORK. American Ageata for Terra Nova Nurseries. Aaismeer. Holland, largest growers of assorted lopiaiy stock. Pot Grown Peach and Nectarine Trees for sale — for lack of room. All are in first-class condition and Riners's stock. Write for prices and list of varieties. A. A. MACDONALD Duke's Farm, Somerville, N. J. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 59 NATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS National Association of Gardeners. M. C. Ebel, secretary, Madison, N, J. Society of American Florists and Orna- mental Horticulturists. John Young, secretary, 54 West 28th street, New York. American Carnation Society. A. F. J. Bauer, secretary, Indianapolis, Ind. American Gladiolus Society. I.. .Mrrtim Ciagc, sciTctary, Wellosk-y, Mass. American Peony Society. A. B. Saunders, secretary, Clinton, N. Y. American Rose Society. B. Hammond, secretary, Fishkill, N. Y. American Sweet Pea Society. H. A. Bunyard, secretary, 342 West 14th street, New York. Chrysanthemum Society of America. Charles W. Johnson, secretary, Morgan Park, 111. LOCAL SOCIETIES Bernardsville Horticultural Society. W. G. Carter, secretary, Bernardsville, N. J. Meets first Tluirsda.v every month. Hor- ticultural Hall, Bernardsville, N. J. Boston Gardeners' and Florists' Club. William N. Craig, secrptnr.v, I'rookline, Mass. Meets third Tuesday every month, Horti- cultural Hall, Boston, Mass., 8 p. m. Connecticut Horticultural Society. Alfred Dixon, secretary, Wethersfield, Conn. Meets second and fourth Fridays every month. County Building, Hartford, Conn., 8 p. m. Dutchess County Horticultural Society. Herbert O. f'ntlari. sciciarv. W.-ipiiinsi'V Fails. Meets at Pouslikcoiisie, N. Y., second Wednesday every month except May and June. • Elberon Horticultural Society. George Massnn, .spcrolary, O.iklinrst, N. J. Meets first Monday every month. Fire Hall, Elberon, N. J., 8 p. m. Florists' and Gardeners' Club of Holyoke and Northampton, Mass. James Whiting, secretary, Amherst, Mass. Meets second Tuesday every month. The Garden Club of Michigan. Mrs. Edward H. Parker, secretary, 139 Sey- burn avenue, Detroit, Mich. The corresponding secretary will notify members of date and place of meetings. Gardeners' and Florists' Club of Baltimore. N. F. Flittin, secretary, Pdterson Park, Baltimore, Md. Meets second and fourth Monday every month. Florist Exchange Hall. The Horticultural Society of New York. Geo. V. N.nsh. sefretnrv. Bronx Park. New York City. Meets monthly irregular, Mnv to Octo- ber. New York BotanicTl Oarden. Bronx Park. New York. November to April, Americ.Tn Mii^enni of Natural History, 77th street and Colnmbiia avenue, New York. Lake Geneva Gardeners' aud Foremen's Association. W. H. Griffits, secretary. Lake Geneva, Wis. Meets first and third Saturday every month, October to April; first Saturday every month. May to September, Horticul- tural Hall. Lenox Horticultural Society. G. II. Instone, secretary, Leno.x, Mass. Meets first Saturday every month. Los Angeles County Horticultural Society. Henry W. Kruckeberg, sccrclary. Meets first Tuesday every month. Massachusetts Horticultural Society. William P. Rich, secretary, 300 Massachu- setts avenue, Boston, Mass. Monmouth County Horticultural Society. Harry Kettle, secretary, Fairhaven, N. J. Meets fourth Friday every month, Mon- mouth Bout Club, Red Bank; N. J. Montreal Gardeners' and Florists' Club. W. II. Ilorobin, secretary, 283 Marquette street. Meets first Monday every month, Mon- treal Florists Exchange. Morris County Florists' and Gardeners' Society. Edward J. Reagan, secretary, Morristown, N. J. Meets at Madison, N. J., second Wednes- day every month, except July and August, 8 p. m. Nassau County Horticultural Society. Ernest Westlake, secretary. Glen Cove, N. Y. Meets second Wednesday every month, Pi'iubrokc Hall, Glen Cove, N. \'., C p. m. New Bedford Horticultural Society. Jeremiah M. Tabor, secretary. Meets first Monday every month. New Jersey Floricultural Society. Geo. W. Strange, secretary, 216 Main street, Orange, N. J. Meets first Monday every month, Jr. 0. W. A. M. Hall, Orange, N. J., S p. m. New London Horticultural Society. John Humphrey, secretary. New London. Conn. Meets second Thursday every month. .SR Main street, New London, Conn. Newport Horticultural Society. \\'in, Giay, secretary. Newpnit. H. I. Meets second and fourth Tuesday every month. : — New York Florist Club. John Young, secretary, 54 W. 2S(h street, New York. IVicets second Monday every month. Grand Opera House. North Shore Horticultural Society. Jas. Slater, .secretary, Manchester, Mass. Meets first and third Fridays every month. North Shore Horticultural Society. E. Bollingpr. scpretary, Lake Forest. 111. Meets first Friday every nionlli, City Hall. North Westchester County Horticultural and Agricultural Society. M. J. O'Brien, secretary, Mt. Kisco, N. Y. Meets third Thursday every month, ex- cept June, July and August, at 8 p. m.: December, January and February, 3 p. in.. Odd Fellows Hall, Mt. Kiaco. Oyster Bay Horticultural Society. Fre.l Kirkliam. secretary. Glen Head, N. Y. Meets fourth Friday every moTith, Board of Trade. Oyster Bny] N. Y.'. 8 p. m Pacific Coast Horticultural Society. W. A. llofinghoff, secretary, 7U Westbank BIdg. Meets first Saturday every month, Red-, men's Bldg. Pasadena Horticultural Society. Geo. B. Kennedy, secretary, 497 Bradford street, Pasadena, Cal. Meets first and fourth Friday every month. Paterson Floricultural Society. Sebastian Hubschmitt, secretary, 61 Seventh avenue, Paterson, N. J. Meets first Tuesday every month, Ro- maine Building, 8 p. m. Pennsylvania Horticultural Society. David Rust, secretary, Broad and Locust streets, Philadelphia, Pa. Meets third Tuesday every month. Horti- cultural Hall, 8 p. m. People's Park Cottage Gardeners' Associa- tion. John Ainscough, secretary, 4 Chestnut street, Paterson, N. J. Meets first and last Friday every month. Working Man's Institute, Madison avenue, Paterson, N. J. Philadelphia Florists' Club. David Rust, secretary, Broad and Locust streets, Philadelphia, Pa. Meets first Tuesday every month, Horti cultural Hall, Philadelphia, Pa., 8 p. m. The Pittsburgh Florists' and Gardeners' Club. H. P. Joslin, secretary, Ben Avon, Pa. Meets first Thursday every month. Fort Pitt Hotel, Pittsburgh, Pa. Rhode Island Horticultural Society. A. C. Miller, secretary, 7 Irving avenue, Providence, R. I. Meets fourth Monday every uiontli, Provi- dence Public Library. H p. ui. Shelter Island Horticultural and Agricul- tural Society. Fred Kirkham. secretary. Shelter Island, N. Y. Meets first and third Thursdays every month. Southampton Horticultural Society. William McLeod, secretary. Meets first Thursday every month. Me morial Hall, Southampton, N. Y. Tarrytown Horticultural Society. E. W. Neubrand, secretary, Tarytown, N. Y Meets last Tuesday every month, except December, Corporation Building, Tarrytown, N. Y., 7:30 p. m. Annual meeting last Thursday in December. Tuxedo Horticultural Society. Thomas Wilson, secretary. Tuxedo Park. N. Y. Meets first Wednesday every month, Par- iah House, Tuxedo Park. Washington, D. C, Florist Club. J. L. Mayberry, secretary, Washington D. C. Meets first Monday every month. Westchester and Fairfield Horticultural Society. J. B. McArdle, secretary, Greenwich, Conn Meets second Friday every month. Dor all's Hall, Greenwich. Conn., 8 p. m. Yonkers Horticultural Society Tbos. Mahoney, secretary, Yonkera, N. Y. Meets first Friday every month, Holly wood Inn, Yonkers, N. Y., 8 p. m. 60 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. GARDENERS DIARY American Institute, Xi-w York. Ualilia sliow, .Septenilier 22-24. Llii ysanthemum sliow. Xovfiuber 4-(i. American Peony Society. Anmi:il Peony show, American Art Institnto, t'liiiML;^. 111.. ..Tune 12- 13. American Sweet Pea Society. Sweet Poa Show. American JMuseum of Natural His- tory, June 27 and 28. Elberon Horticultural Society. Chry- santhemum sliow. Asliurj- Park, .V. .T., No- vemlier 3. 4, 5. Lancaster County Florists' Club, Lancas- ter, Pa. Kail show, Xoveniber ."i 7. Lenox Horticultural Society, Leno.x, Mass. .Summer Show. July 22 and 23. Fall Show. October 22 and 23. Massachusetts Horticultural Society, llor- ticultiual Hall, lioston, Mass. Sweet pea show, July 11-12. (iladiolus show, Au<;iist 8-9. Dahlia show, September 12-13. Fruit and vegetable show, October 3-4. Clny- santhemum show, November .5-8. A Bright New Book of 182 Pages for 1914 Telling the Plain Truth about BURPEE- QUALITY SEEDS, is mailed Free of Cost to Gardeners everywhere upon Application to W. ATLEE BURPEE & CO., Burpee Buildings, Philadelphia Dutliie hrst for pot of Calceolaria, and Frank Setroecia first for String Beans. Frank Kyle Thanks of Society for Iris: A. Walker Cultural Certificate for some ex- tra fine Darwin Tulijis. and James Duckham Tlianks of Society for a fine collection of named Iris. James Duthie spoke on the growing of Calceolaria and the otlier exhibitors gave some information on the growing of their exhibits. A verv interesting discussion arose con- cerning the caterpillars that are destroying the oaks and hickory in this section and it was unanimously voted that the society do all in their power to combat the same. It was also agreed to use the scale of points in the forthcoming shows. FRED KIRIs:HAM, Secy. Monmouth County Horticultural Society. Fall Show, Red I'.ank, N. J.. October 28 and 20. Morris County Gardeners' and Florists' Club. Fall show, .Mailisiin, .\. .1., October 28, 29. Nassau County Horticultural Society, (ilen Cove, N. Y. liose sliow. .Iiiiic !). Dahlia show. October 0. (In \ saiitlHiiinni sliow, Octolier 2!), 30. New Jersey Floricultural Society. Sweet Pea Sliow, Orange, N. J., July — . Dahlia and fruit show, Octolx'r — . Newport Horticultural Society, Newport. H. I. .June show, June 24 and 2."). Suiunier show, August 12 and 13. Oyster Bay Horticultural Society, Oyster Pay, N. Y. Sunimer show, June 18, Dahlia show, September 30-r)ctolier 1. Chr\'santhe- nium show, Octolier 30. Royal Horticultural Society, London. England. Spring show, Clielsea. Ma.y 10-21; Summer show, Holland House, June 30- .July 1-2. Society of American Florists. Out -door exliiliitidii, I'.ostoii. Mass., .Vnyiist l.S-21. Westchester and Fairfield Horticultural Society. Fall show. New Hoelielle. N. Y. OYSTER BAY HORTICULTURAL SO- CIETY, The regular meeting of the Oyster Bay Horticultural Society was held on ilay 27, 1014, witli .1. T. Ingi-am in the cluiir. \Vm. Alex Proctor, Charles Zanor, Itocco Y'anuchi and W. W. Hutchinson, Jr.. were elected to membersliip, while three petitions for membershi]) were received. There were some fine exhibits of fiowers, and John Devine received the society's prize for a fine vase of Lilacs, Mme. Lemonie. .lames NASSAU COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, The niontlily meeting of the Nassau County Horticultural Society was. held Wednesday, June 10, at Pembroke Hall, Glen Cove, President H. Gaut in the chair. Messrs. C'has. Parr and Henry Wenzel, both of (ilen Cove, were elected to active mem- bership, and there were two petitions for membership received. Mrs. W. H. Porter, (ilen Cove, was elected as an honorary mem ber. Special prizes for the society's shows were received from A. (i. Hodcnpyle, lilsq. Locust Valley, and Hitchings & Co.. Eliza- beth, N. J. John Schepiiers & Co. donated .$50 a.s a special prize for Darwin Tulips for next spring. Judges for the monthlv ex hibits: S. J. Trepess. .1. Adlcr and W. Hiit- ton. Awards were made as follows: 12 H. P. Roses, 1 varietv, F. Honevman first. 12 largest strawberries, Hy, Jones first. 12 mixed Peonies, Hy. .lones first. Honorable mention was awarded to the following: H. fJaut. for 3 vases Sweet Peas. II. Boettcher for 1 vase mixed Sweet Peas. H. Boettcher for vase Aquilegia Chry- santa. W. Gray for bunch asparagus. Certificate of culture, John Scheppers & Co., collection of Peonies. Mr. James Duthie, Oyster Bay, who is a past master in tlie art of Dalilia culture, gave an interesting and instructive essay on Dahlias for exhibition, cutting for the house and garden decoration, which was very much enjoyed by all present. At the close Mr. Duthie was given a very liearty vote of thanks. Exhibits for next meeting, Wedncsdav, July S. Sweet Pea night, 12 pink, 12 white a 11(1 12 anv other color. HARRY .TONES, Corresponding Secretary. meeting to order promptly at S o'clock. Two new' members were elected and sev- eral propositions for membership were re- ceived. Several letters were read from friends of the society ofi'ering substantial additions to the premium lists of both sunimer and fall .shows to be held by the society. The Exhibition Committee re- ported everytliing in readiness for the sunimer show to lie held on the hospital grounds at Portehester. N. Y.. June 10 and 20. An attractive schedule has been issued. and we trust tliat there will lie a large dis- play of flowers, fruits and vegetables. The F'all Show Committee reported progress. Mr. M. C. Ebel, secretary of the Nation- al -Association of Gardeners, was present, and came prepared to discuss the co-oper- ative movement now in preparation be- tween the local societies and the national body, and explain any features of the move- ment of which the members of our society were not conversant. Jlr. Ebel read the report of the proceed- ings of the meeting recently held by tlie Co-operative Committee of the National Association and added his personal plea for the support of- the Westchester and Fair- field Society urged the members present to consider the question carefully. Consider- able interest was manifested in the speak- er's remarks, and after a lively discussion it was unanimously decided that the West- chester and Fairfield Society would support any movement tending to the advancement of horticulture and of the gardening fra- ternity. The president accordingly appoint- ed a committee of three members who will endeavor to look after local conditions and work in conjunction with the Co-operative Committee of the N. A. G. It is not to be expected that this movement is to be a THE WESTCHESTER AND FAIRFIELD HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. There was a fine attendance of members present at the regular monthly meeting of the Westchester and Fairfiehl 'Horticultural Society at their rooms in Doran's Hall. Greenwich, Conn., Friday evening, .Inne 12. President Robert Williamson called the Th E ANixmmMm June is the Joy Month at Andorra The gnrs'"'"!-^ Ilowr-r «lisitlfiy. fiiraiiist tile irlowinj: :iutl variant ;;re(.'ii nnd silver of evcrsi't't-u and tret*, ninkc thcso uiii(|iio nurscriis a vast livinK cataIoy;ue of the plants nru] sbrnlis that are I>ost to .'Klorn the lifniie. See Aii'lorra in June — it will be an ex- in [ii'iice. By train, by trolley, by aiito- inobile over perl'ect roads; conjo to An- dorra. Or write us now for immediate help, 'ir for [ilans to wfirk rnit in summer or C.ill. We arc here tn servi' — that is the Andorra Way. Our new plantintr booklet is ready — may wo send a copy to you? ANDORRA NURSERIES Wm. Warner Harper. Proprielor Boi 0, Chestnut Hill, Pbiladelphia, Pa. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 61 '■(•lire all" for everytliiiig afrertiiij; tlie con- dition of the gardener — the fixing of wages, hours, etc. — and slioidd not he coiifonnded with the lahor unionism which olitains with more or less success in the hnihlinj; trades and otlier lines. We feel that the i|nestion of wages, etc., on private estates will al- ways remain a matter for personal adjust- ment hetween the gardener and liis em- ployer, governed entirely liy the reipiire- ments of the position and the qualifications of the gardener. The advancement of horti- culture in Atnerica i.s not a passing fancy, but is growing every year to greater jiro- portions. Perhaps the co-operative move- ment may not henelit tlic profession im- mediately, hut surely will in the near fu- ture. The nature studies in the pul)lic schools, special courses in the colleges, the widespread garden chih movement, are all important factors, and we think tliat the sun has surely set on the day of the horse and cow variety of gardener and the handy man type, who are now in cliarge of what should he good positions. The educa- tion of tlie pulilic will reU'gatc these "land- scape destroyers" to tlieir proper ]iositions. and the men witli tlic intelligence rei|uired of the successful gardener and conscientious worker in horticulture will occupy the posi- tions of trust with a good salary and not he in danger of being classed as a common laborer vvlien he refers to himself as a gar- dener. It looks very rosy in itrint, "boys," but we do not think it im])ossilile. An attractive feature of this meeting was tiie c-om])ctition ojicn to assistant gardeners only for the silver first ]irize and Ijronze second prize medals offered by the H. F. Michell Company of Philadelphia, Pa., for the best arranged centerpiece for a dinner table composed of outdoor fiowers and foli- age to be arranged in the hall. Tliere were four contestants, and the result was four very neat, tasteful and artistic arrange- ments The first prize was awarded to David B. Ridpath. assistant to .James Stuart. Mamaroneck, N. Y.; second prize awarded to Andrew P. Clarkson. who is with Alex, ilarshall. Portchester. X. Y. Xeil Maclnnes, of JIaniaroneck, and Adam Smith, of R.ye, X. Y., were each accorded a hearty vote of thanks. The usual non- competitive exhibits were not so lunnerous at tliis meeting, but were of fine qmility. Alex. Jlarshall was awarded a cultural cer- tificate for a splendid specimen jilant of Miltonia Vexillaria; the same for a fine spray of Cattle.va ilendeli. Thomas Aitche- son was highly commended for a fine speci- men plant of Oncidium Wentworthiannum. P. \V. Popp was awarded a vote of thanks for a vase of liard.v roses, clindjing Ameri- can Beauty, novelty of recent introdvution. This variety makes a good pillar rose, and is a clean grower. \Yill become popular wlien lietter known. X'ext meeting will be .hilv 111, ini4. P. \V. POPP. and also Mr. Baeran. of the Sanders Kstate. .John .Maloney. gardener to the (Uithrie Es- tate, had arranged an ex(|uisite vase of Iris, etc. Stanley .Ionian sliowed snapdragon "Hanisliurg Piid<." also tlie sweet-scented Lilian Monadelphum from tlie Hardy gar- den. The schedule for 11114 is now ready and mav be olitained from tlie secrctarN', .lohn lliiiiipliicy. .STAXLEV .l(tl;'l).\X. TUXEDO HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Tlie monthly meeting of the Tuxedo Hor- ticultural Society was held in the Parish House on .lune :i. President David Mclntiish in the chair. The secretary of the Ball t'omniittee gave his report, the ball being a great financial success and one of the finest the society ha~ ever held. A letter from tlie Xational Associatiim of (iardeners was read asking us to ap- point a committee of three to work in co- operation with the co-operative coiumittee of the X. A. (i. Messrs. Tansey, Jlillar and T. Wilson were appointed on that com- mittee. The Executive Committee has had the preliminary schedule printed, and any one who wishes a copy can have same liy ajijdying to the secretary. riie Fall Show which is to lie held in the Tuxedo clubhouse on October 30 and 'SI and Xovember 1, is shaping to be one of the finest the society has ever held. We had with iis Mr. J. A. Midler, of .lulus Hoelirs Company, wlio read a very instruct- ive paper on the culture of Orchids, ilr. Midler had with him some very nice blooms of the rare varieties of Cattleyas, Jliltonias. Odontoglossums and Oncidiums. anil showed many of the others on ]dioto- grajilis. Tlie ])aper was thoroughly enjoyed by all those |)resent, as Mr. Muller cer- tainly did his subject justice. Three new meinliers were elected to meiii- liership — Tliomas Knight, Alexander Kiiy and Harry Watson. An e.\liibit of twelve spikes of Eremuriis llimaliacus was staged by Mr. Emile Bartli. wliich the judges awarded a certificate of lulture. The society will discontinue tlieii miiiitlilv meetings during .lulv and .August. THOS. WILSOX. Secretarv. NEW LONDON HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. The regular muntlily meeting of the X'ew London Horticultural Society was held in its rooms in Main street. Thursday. -IiHie 11. President Fuller presided. .\fter the usual business ceremon,v President Fuller introduced Miss Amy Cogswell, of Xorwich. who gave a most interesting essay on the early gardens of Xew England, also touch- ing upon English gardens of the Stuart and Cromwell periods. The lecturer was given a rising vote of thanks. Messrs, .Tordan. Flowc's. Baeran. Smith and ilaloney niadi' up some fine exhibits. Sweet jieas from open gardens were shown by Mr. Flowers TARRYTOWN HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. .\ regular monthly meeting of the Tarry- tow u Horticultural Society was held Ma> •ill. President Elliott presiding. A beauti- ful display of flowers cut fnini hanly shrubs and herbaceous was staged, diidges .\looiiey and Featherstone awarded first prize to Jlr. D. 0. L. Reid (A. (iolding. superintendent), and second prize to ^!iss B. Potter ({;. Wittlinger. superintendciit i A cultural certificate was awarded tn .Mi D. (J. L. Iteid (T. Morris, gardener) for a vase of Mrs. Hugh Dickson's sweet peas, and one to Mr. W. H. Thompson (S. 1{. Candler. su])erintendent ). for a plant of cattleya jigos. and a certificate of merit for new ilarguerite sport of Mrs. Saunders. Mrs. C. Wilson received honorable iiinitiiiii for a vase of pink snapdragons, and a \ote of thanks was extended to Mr. A. (lidding for a liouipiet of wild (lowers and a vase of wild cyprediuins. Several new mcnibeis were admitted to membership at this niect- in-. THOS. A. LEE. Rep. Sec'y. LIBRARY LIKE ROSE GARDEN. ^larked success crowned the annual rose exliibition at the Public Library, Railway. X'. J., recently, the largest number and most beautiful specimens yet shown being in evi- dence. .All parts of the city were repre- sented by the exhibitors, .\nioiig tile larg- est and most attractive collections were tliiisc of E. M. Squier and .Miss Henrietta Dutzert, the former having lifty-five and the latter fifiy-two varieties. The ••Entende Cordele" variety shown by :\liss Dotzert was one oi the most unusual spcciniens ex- liibited. Otlier exhibitors were as follows: Mrs. H. Kip Woodrutf, sixteen varieties; Fred Car- lioiiati. scM'iitceii; .Mr-. W. H. Cloke, nine; .1. .Malcolm Hrookfield, ten: .Miss Annie Shotwell, seven; Miss A. W. Lupton and iliss Helen Clarkson, six each ; Mrs. J. A. MacClary, five; Jlrs. .John B. Labat, -Aveiiel. eight; .Joseph Urmston. twenty; Mrs. .J. L. Brown, six; .}. W. Saling. five; Mrs. William Terrill, four; Jliss Lizzie Oartluvaite, two; K. H. Rol])h, one; .Mrs. Haas, one; al.so a large collection of poppies and sweet Will- iam; Mrs. Edward S. Savage, collection of .Spanish Iris. — .Tournal. LENOX HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. The regular niunthly meeting of tlie Lenox Horticultural Society was held in the Town Hall, Lenox, on Saturday evening, •lime li. President JlcConnachie occiqiied the chair, and there was a good turnout of the members. Mr. E. Edwards was elected a member. A committee of three were ap- pointed to co-operate with the Xational As- sociation of (iardeners. namely. Mr. A. .1. Loveless. Mr. E. Jenkins. Mr. S. W, Carl- quist. Mr. Thomas Procter was awarded a certificate of merit for Clarkia (yueeii JIary) and a diploma for clarkia (Salmon Queen). President .AlcCmnachie then in- troduced Mr. Burton .\. Cates, assistant lirofessor in bee keejiing at Jlassachusetts .•Agricultural College, who gave a \'ery in- teresting lecture entitled "More Bees for .Massachusetts." Mr. (iates said bee keep- iiiL! was the oldest ait uiidei- the sun, and wa- lirst introduced into .America tlinuigh the pint of Boston in Ki.'!-;. The speaker also mentioned how \aluable bees were to the fiiiit griiuer iiii lertilizatioii of various fruits such as nieluii-. craiilienies. ele. To keep bees tliroiigli the long severe winter used to be \ciy trying to the bee keeper, but liy Using modern methods all the dilh- culties have been overcome. He also said that the best type of bee is the Italian bee. \'ari(nis questions were asked Mr. (iates after the lecture which he seemed only too pleased to answer, and at the linish he was accorded a rising vote of thanks. JOHX Mm;. -■Assistant Secretary. I ALPHANO HUMUS I Nature's Soil Builder | Send for Convincement Book = AlgK a no Hu nxus 1 7 G. Battery Place. New York 62 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. BON ARBOR Awarded Diploma and Silver Medal at 1912 Royal International Exhibition, London, Eng. BON ARBOR NO. 1 will keep your Tennis Courts and Lawns green in the hottest weather. Will grow Lettuce, Celery, Cauliflower, and anything that matures above the ground to the finest perfection. VVe can prove it. Bon Arbor No. 1 is put up as follows: Package making 15 gallons, by mail $0.30 Package making 30 gallons, by mail 55 5 lb. package making 150 gallons, exp. extra 1.80 25 lb. package making I'iO gallons. exp. extra 6.25 50 lb. package making 1,500 gallons. exp. extra 12.50 100 lb. package making 3,000 galluns. exp. extra 20.00 Barrels from 250 to 300 lbs.. 18c. per lb. RADIX WORM ERADICATOR removes worms instantly from your Tennis Courts. Golf Greens, Flower Pots, etc. 2 gallons, making 200 gallons, $2.00 per gallon. lyi gallons sufficient for Tennis Court 78 x 36 feet. ANT DESTROYER. Rid your garden and lawn of ants. It can be done in less than a week. Per lb. 6Sc.; 10 lbs., 60c. per lb.; 25 lbs., 50c. per lb. BON ARBOR CHEMICAL CO. Paterson, N. J., U. S. A. Write for descriptive catalogue, new 1913 edition. We manufac- ture also Radix Worm Eradicator, Insecticides. Weed Killer and all agricultural chemicals. Special prices on larpe quantities. MR. GARDENER: Let That Tree Die, and You Will Never See It Replaced YOU KNOW how long it has taken that tree to attain those stately proportions. YOU KNOW how irreparable the loss should it die. YOU KNOW how imminent is the danger from in- sects and fungi. YOU KNOW how devitalising, how unsightly, and how difficult to reach is that dead wood. YOU KNOW how surely fatal are those neglected cavities — neglected decaying stumps, neglected wounds, neglected borer holes are the causes. Then Why Wait Longer? Time Is Precious. CALL US IN WE HAVE the KNOWLEDGE, the EXPERI- ENCE, the MEN. the TOOLS. JOHN T. WITHERS Inc. Landscape Architect and Forester 1 Montgomery St. Jersey City, N. J. m I iiiniiiiiHin in iiiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii i i luinuiiiiiiiniiiiiniiii i i iiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiii i i iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiniiiiinin iiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiili iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii iiinuiiiuiiiiiii iiiii nniiiii iiiig D OSES, Ampelopsis Veitchii, Clematis, Japanese Maples. Boxwood, all in pots and ready to ship. Specimen Evergreens 6 to 8 ft. high with large Ball and Burlapped. 1 5 Cars nursery grown Maximum Rhododendrons for immediate shipment. Write for Prices International Nurseries, Inc. 1905 West Farms Road, New York City PHONE 4028 TREMONT. f,>,iii,iiii„i nil nil niniinnunn ninnniniiii nn nnniiii iisiiHiinninunnninni iinnnnnnniniiiunnnnnniini iiiununuinn nHunuiinnnu i uin i unnnnnniiininnnuinunn lunnnnnnnu nniiiiH uniiu nnnnui ni iiinn; THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. Gardeners All Over the World Use APHINE, for spraying- against all sap-suck- ing insects, such as aphis, red spider, thrips. mealy bug and soft scale ; and for cleansing palms and decurative stock generally. NIKOTIANA, fur fumigating, a nicotine so- lutiini which does nui till the house with smoke as does tobacco paper or dust. It is vaporized in pans over small lamps, or by painting the steam pipes. FUNGINE, ti) control mildew, rust or bench rot in the greenhouse, a spra3'ing material; an infallible remedy. It does not stain foliage as Bordeaux or lime and sul]jlnir, but cleanses it. VERMINE, to rid the greenhouse soil of eel worm, root maggots and other soil vermin, will be found most effective. Used according to di- rections it is not injurious to vegetation. For Out Door Spraying of Trees, Shrubs and Hardy Plants SCALINE, an oil and sulphur composition — three in one — an insecticide, fungicide and scalicide combined, destroys San Jose, Oyster Shell and other scale, red spider, larva of the aphis and locust borer. Now is the time to spray to protect your trees and slirubs against the ravages of the various insect pests. Get in the habit of using our products and vou will use no other For Sale by all Seedimen Aphine Manufacturing Company Manufacturers of Agricultural Chemicals MADISON, N. J. TH H professional runner, when he gets rcadj' for a race, discards all unnecessary clothing so he will have all possible freedom of action. In designing the L'-Bar greenhouse construction, we did exactly the same thing — it was stripped for the running. W'e got it right down to a racing basis. This could be done, because the L'-Bar performs the work of both the rafter and the roof bar. This L'-Bar and roof bar combination is so strong tli;it we ib.n't lia\r in mak.- til.- einire bnr anv laryrr tl.an the ordinary cypress roof bar^ on other con- structions. Stripi)ed for the running as the U-Bar house is, it is the lightest of houses and produces >7->s&;^ ^^?^~^S&~^^^^i<^-is^-^^i^~:^^'^ ill .0/ ^' ^■ ^' Pot-Grown Strawberry Plants NOW READY FOR SHIPMENT % %. rfss upon all intending piiri'husers of pot-fjrown ."■'tnnvberr.v plants that all niir stock is exceptionall.v stroiiy: and wi*ll rooted. ORDER .\T ONCE and we will reserve stock, (rive 5^5^ GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. •■-^^ THERE is a lot of "hrt p''-" about greenhouse con- structions. Yes. a lot of it! So anxious are the building concerns to be con- sidered leaders in things new — that they are often lead to take some little unimportant improvement to their construction and exploit it as if it was going to revolu- tionize the entire greenhouse building code. Only the other day I read an ad. of a concern who made the astounding statement that they had made a tremendous improvement in greenhouse construction by abandoning for all times the clamp column fittings and adopting a "bolted through" one. It was e.xploited as a great discovery and something entirely new. As a matter of fact it has been used by another concern for at least thirty years. Talk all you will about various improvements in pri- vate greenhouse construction, but when you get right down to brass tacks, there lias been no really important development since the introduction of the U-Bar. No one denies that. Ever since then (in spite of all the stones thrown at it) all builders have promptly adopted as far as possible U-Bar structural features. The curved eave and 24-inch glass, just for example. But putting a curved eave on a house does not make it a U-Bar curved eave house. There is only one U-Bar curved eave house, and that's the house made with the U-Bar. Other curved eaves may look like it, but that's the only way they are like it. Send for our new catalog. Or send for us. Or both. U-BAR GREENHOUSES PIER50N U-BAR CO ONE MADISON AVt. NEW YORK. CAKADIAN OFFICE. lO PHILLIPS PLACE. MONTRtA* THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 67 i'"""" iiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiii iniiiiiiiii iiijiini i iiiiiiiiiin uiinniiiii u i iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii,i ig TfHORBURN sales- men are on the road now booking orders on Bulbs for Fall delivery. You will receive a postal from us a day or so before one calls. If you have changed your address recently, please drop iis a postal. J. M. Thorburn & Co. 1^3 Barclay St., New York I CARNATIONS I POT AND FIELD GROWN 1 Gorgeous: Matchless: Mrs. I Cheney and Other I Novelties I $20.00 per hundred I Also § A full line of Standard Sorts I All Ready Now I $10.00 per hundred I CHARLES H. TOTTY I MADISON, NEW JERSEY SPECIAL NOTICE If our salesman has not called to see you, please notify us. Pot-Grown STRAWBERRY PLANTS All the New and Standard Varieties Transplanted CELERY PLANTS I THE MACNIFF I I HORTICULTURAL CO. | I 56 Vesey St., New York | .^NiiiiiiiiiiiiiNiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiNiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiN Fall Planting giiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiii iiiiini OUR new Fall planting list is ready for inailing and we want you to receive a copy. Hardy Roses and Herbaceous Perennials are the principal subjects and a visit to Crotn- well will satisfy you that we are amply al)le to satisfy your requirements. If you are in need of field grown Carnations let us know. We have 60,000 this season, and owing to the unusually favorable weather conditions these plants are exceptionally nice. ANPlERSON INC Ceommll Gardens Crpmwell Conn 68 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. wtryPkuits WS^BearHiisJiill A' MERICL'S. tin- leader of the | fall-bearers, will give luscious, | large sweet Strawberries, equal to June | fruit, it you set pot-grown plants in July ? and early August. f BIG, POT-GROWN PLANTS | $1.50 per doz., $10.00 per hundred, delivered I I SEND YOUR ORDER EARLY. | 1 ^ '^^''' '"'■ ""'' Mid-Simimer Catalog of Strawberries. Vegetable and I I Flower Seeds. Plants and Bulbs. Mailed free. | I Weeber & Don, Seed Merchtnls, 114-L Chambers St., New York, N. Y. § FiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiwiH 'iiiiiiniiiiiiiiiuiiiiuciiiii i niiiinniiiiniiiiiiin iiiniuirai i iiiiiiiiniiiiimiii iiiiiiiiiii |iiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiin niiiiiin iiiiiiiiiuuiiiin iiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiii ig ORCHIDS I F"t-eshly Impot-tecl | I We have received and unpacked the following in fine | I condition: Cattleyas — Percivaliana, Gaskelliana, | I Speciosissima ; Dendrobiums — Formosum, Nobile, 1 I Densiflorum, Schuitzii (novelty) ; Vandas — Coerulea, | I Batemannii, Imshootiana, Luzonica (novelty) ; | I Phalaenopsis — Amabilis, Schilleriana and Spothoglot- 1 I tis plicata. Many more to arrive. | 1 I I Write for special list No. 55. | I LAGER & HURRFLL, Summit, N. J. | iiiiiillliiiliiiliiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiniiiiiuiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii IIIKHHIHHIhllMniMIII0IMMMIIIIinMninniHIHIIIHIIMIIIIIIM>llllllllllllllllll>lllllltllllIIIIIIIIMIIIIIIinilllllllllllll1IIIIIIIII>ll1llllll|IIllllltiiii' GREENHOUSE PAINTING AND GLAZING My many years' e.xperience while engaged with the leading greenhouse builders, and my einploying only iirst-class men. places me in position to under- take any new or old work whicli vou may con- template. Let me estimate on your work. FRANK TIDABACK Greenhouse Painter and Glazier TARRYTOWN, N. Y. On larger properties, notliing has been more notable than the tendency to plant Meehans' Mallow Marvels in groups of a hundred or more of each of the several colors ; securing in each a profusion of immense blooms, in glorious shades of red; or soft pinks or white. Pink. $35.00 per hundred White, $35.00 per hundred Red. $50.00 per hundred Thomas Meehan& Sons Box 65 Germantown. Phila. :^'*^^^^ JULIUS ROEHRS CO. Nurserymen and Florists RUTHERFORD, N. J. Visit our establishment and inspect our Greenhouses containing the finest products. Also see our large increased Nursery and view our splen- did Evergreens. Trees and Shrubs. Competent Gardeners ^ The comlorls and products o( a country home are increased by employing a competent gardener ; if you want (o engage one, write to us. q Please give particulars regarding place and say whether married or single man is wanted. We have been supplying Ihem for years to the best [>eople everywhere. No lee asked. PETER HENDERSON & CO. Seedsmen and Florists 33 and 37 Corllandl St. NEW YORK CITY DREER'S POT-GROWN STRAWBERRY PLANTS Tlie best varieties, botli new and old. and best methods of plant- ing to raise a full crop of strawberries next year are fully particu- larized in Dreer's Mid-Summer Catalogue Also Celery, Cabbage, and other vegetable plants. A select list of decorative plants. Palms, Ferns, etc.; Seeds of old-fashioned Hardy Perennials and other flowers for summer sowing. Seasonable Farm Seeds, etc. Write today for a copy, FREE, and please mention this magazine. HENRY A. DREER 7 14-7 16 CHESTNUT ST., PHILADELPHIA, PA. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 69 grilllllilimt!iiiiiimiiiiiiniiiimn]iiniiimnfiiiiiiiiiiiiiiititii|iiii|i|iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii^^^^ :ii!i!iiii:iiiiiiiii!iiii'^ I BOBBINK & ATKINS \ I WORLD'S CHOICEST NURSERY | I AND GREENHOUSE PRODUCTS | i IN OUR 3C0 ACRKS OF HIGHLY CULTIVATED NURSERY LAND i i WE ARE GROWING NURSERY AND GREENHOUSE PROD- i g UCTS FOR EVERYBODY AND SUITABLE FOR ALL PARTS = = OF THE COUNTRY. WE SHALL BE GLAD TO HAVE g 1 INTENDING PURCHASERS VISIT OUR NURSERY i i AND INSPECT THE QUALITY OF STOCK WE s i GROW. OR SUBMIT THEIR LIST OF s I WANTS FOR PRICES. | I THE FOLLOWING PLANTS FOR OUTDOOR PLANTING, INTERIOR | i AND EXTEBIOR DECORATIONS ARE AMONG OUR SPECIALTIES. S II vi>i!.\N(;i:.\ iiT.\i;s.\ i.N TLBS Wo liiivi- iiiiin.\ Iniij.lr.-.l.s of spi'Ciiiien jilants in blcMjui and bud for suiiiincr decoration at $-'.50, 13.50. $5.00 and $7.50 each. LARGE LEAPED E V E R ■ GRUBNS. ENGLISH LADKELS AND AUCUBASi for summer decorations. ENGLISH IVY. We grow man.v thousands in trained forms and ordinar.v plants from two to eiplit feet tall. H .\ R D Y OLD-FASHIONED FLOWERS. Several acres of our Nurser.v are exclnsivel.v devoted to their cultivation. PEONIES and IRIS. We have a complete collection read.v for August and Septenilter deliver.v. BOXWOOD. We grow thou- sanils of plants in nian.v shapes and sizes. OLlt WOXIlEltFVL NEW EXBRIER HYBRID GIANT FLOWER- ING .\IAI:.''ll.MAI.LOW. Kverj'liod.v should lie interest, d in this hard.v old-fashioned flower. It is perfectly hard.v and will grow everywhere. ASK FOR OUR IIXUSTUATED GENERAL CATALOG NO. 45, de scribing the above; also our AUTU.MN CAT.VLOG. WE PI_\N AND PL.\NT GROUNDS AND GARDENS EVERYWHERE WITH OTT, ■■WORl II CHOICEST NURSERY AND GUEKNIIOUSF. rKIIIiUC'TS." NURSERYMEN. FLORISTS AND PLANTERS RUTHERFORD, N. J. STltAWMKKItlKS. l'n\\,;\ :iii arc planted with them. All are balleil and bviriapped and have splen'lid root system. BAY TREES. PALMS, and other plants for Couservatorie.s, Inter- ior and Exterior decorations. BUI.BS AND ROOTS. We grow ami import quantities of bulbs and roots from all parts of the world. Autumn Planting. PLANT T UBS. W I N D O W BOXES. KXULISH GARDEN FIRMTVKE AND RUSTIC. WORK. Wo manufacture all shapes and sizes. iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiritiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiNiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiPiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiHiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiM Incorporated 1911 ANDREW K. KENNEDY. Pres. and Treas. KENNEDY & HUNTER SEEDSMEN Pot Grown Strawberry Plants Now Ready All Standard Varieties $3.50 per 100 156 West 34th Street Pe'na.'t.atTo';; New York 'ONLY THE BEST" CONTAINING A LIST OF Fall Bulbs: Fall and Summer Bearing Strawberry Plants and Seasonable Seeds and Sundries M.iVILED FREE UPON APPLICATION. ARTHUR T. BODDINGTON, Seedsman Pot Grown Strawberry Plants Pot grown StrawlK-rry I'laiU.s if planted now will fur- nish a good crop of fine berrie.s next season. The plants we offer are all well grown, true tc^ name and licalthy stock. AUGUST LUTHER. IC.vliii i-iiil.v. v iMUiN Jr'i.Ui U 1^ 1 KA a i. KAllN tion of the best plants for seed purposes, and therefore must not be Gigantic Size, Heavy Texture, Brilliant Colors confounded with strains offered by some seedsmen at lower prices. Our N'on I'his Ultra Tansy is a mixture coutainiug the largest, hand- Pkt. Vi oz. Oz. somest and most perfect varieties ever sent out. The beautiful color- Fire King-. Red and yellow. lar.:;e lirown eye $0.15 $1.25 $4.00 Ing and variety ot marking give a bed of these Pansies a most brilliant Emperor William. Deep blue . ! 15 1.23 4.0U appearance. The st-ea has: been saved from the greatest assortment of ^ typos, including only the best of Giant Cassiers, Bugnots. Trimardeaux ^ord Beaconsfield. Viobt. shaded white 15 1.50 5.00 and Giant English. French and German strains. Finest Mixed, pkt. Light Blue. White center 10 1.00 3.50 15 cts., % 02. $1.50, oz. $6. Light Blue 10 1.00 3.50 f^TAWT PAW^TTT^ Pres. Camot. Pure white petals; dtt-p blotch 15 1.25 4.00 Purple 10 1.00 3.50 Separate Colors Pure Yellow lo i.oo 3.50 Our strains of Giant Pansies are procured from specialists in Europe. Snow- White 10 1.00 3.50 who devoted tlieir entire ener.Kies toward producing sizi', very heavy White. Dark eye 10 1.00 3.50 PANSIES IN MIXTURE Pkt. 14 oz. Oz. Pkt. Vi oz. Oz. Masterpiece. Siiporb new class of blotched Pansies. Bugnot Strain, l.arse, stained, mixed $0,25 $1.50 $5,00 with large Ijlooras mostly undulated or curled. Brilliant colors $0,15 $2,00 $7,00 Cassier s Strain, All colors mixed lo 1.00 3.50 Madame Perret. Early flowering, fragrant, espe- Odier, .\11 colors mixed 15 1,00 3,00 cially rich in red shades; large flowering I,". 1,50 5.00 Fine English Mixed 05 .50 1.50 OUR FALL BULB CATALOG HAS BEEN MAILED TO YOU: IF YOU DID NOT RECEIVE A COPY. PLEASE DROP US A CARD. 30-32 BARCLAY ST. NEW YORK CITY GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA DEVOTED TO THE SCIENCE OF FLORICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE ADOPTED AS THE OFFICIAL ORGAN OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF GARDENERS Vol. XVIII. lULY. 1914. .No. 3. Electricity and Plant Culture By Arthur Smith. Of all the natural forces the mo.st fertile in its sub- servienc}- to the necessities and luxuries of man is un- doubtedly electricity. No degree of familiarity, however long continues, can efface the sense of wonder at the ef- fects of the many applications to which this mysterious force can be put. Whether the mystery surrounding the chemical character of electricity will ever be solved or not is an open question. It is possible that in the future the elements, if there are any, which enter into its com- position, may be stated in chemical terms, but at the same time it is rather doubtful. Whether electricity be a simple or compound substance is, however, not of great practical importance, at any rate so far as this article is concerned. It will therefore be unnecessary to consider the technology of electricity, merely stating that it is universally present in nature in a more or less latent state — in a state of quiescence and e(|uilil)rium — but this state is one which is very easily disturbed and it appears that however great the quantity of electricity a body may contain it is ineffective unless transformed into a cur- rent. It may be assumed that frictional, voltaic and ani- mal electricity are one and the same thing, the distinction merely being in the mode of generation. The \'cr\' general distribution of electricity throughout almost every substance, and the state of activity it dis- plays around growing vegetation, has led at various times to the belief that were means devised to divert a more than usual quantity of it through plants, their growth could be much accelerated. .At present it is impossible to define to what extent the growth and develojament of. living organisms depend upon electricity, but we know at least that it is more or less beneficial. The fact has been definitely established that electric currents exist in the soil and in the plant; in realitv wlierever chemical activit\- occurs electric cur- rents are likely to be present, although these currents may be comparatively insignificant and require very deli- cate instruments for their detection. Probably many have noticed that rain accompanied with a discharge of electricity through the atmos]>here has a far greater beneficial effect upon growing plants, grass for instance, than a similar amount of rain under like circumstances, but without the electricity. The rea- son of this is that the form of electrical discharge known as lightening produces nitric acid and ammonia by caus- ing their elements to combine in the atmosphere ; the rain which generally accompanies it brings these valuable plant-foods down to the soil. This power of electricity is now being made use of in the manufacture of nitrates for commercial purposes to take the place of nitrate of soda. From this it is easily understood that a current of electricitv passing through the soil will have a similar effect in causing the combination of the elements con- tained in the above plant-foods and thus rendering them available. The idea of using electricity in an artificial way for this purpose has frequently occurred, as it has long been known that plants respond to electrical stimulus, and many investigations have been made with a view of as- certaining practical means of realizing the benefits of this force. The first record which we have of any experiments in electro-culture is of one made by Dr. Mainbray, of Edin- burgh, m 1747, who passed the electric current through plants in pots. In 1840 a lady, whose name has not been handed down, conducted some experiments which mainly consisted in causing a constant flow of frictional electricitv through a portion of the ground in her garden, with the eft'ect that vegetation did not cease during the winter upon the plot under the influence of electricity, and that what snow fell upon it during the continuance of the e-xperiment never remained as it did upon the rest of the garden around. This result caused Dr. Forster, of Elginshire, Scotland, to place a small galvanic battery in action upon a grass plot, and the effect produced fully confirmed the results of the lady's experiment. This and the results of further experiments by Dr. Forster led him to try the effect of collecting the free electricity of the atmosphere by means of wires suspended upon poles thirteen feet from the ground, and conveying it through it through the soil by means of buried wires. The result upon a plot of twenty-five square rods, part of a field of barley, was that the electrified plot produced more than double per acre than the rest of the field. .-\ full account of this experiment appeared in the Times (London) of October 2, 1844. One of the reviews in a leading article at the time used the expression, "He turns the materials of the thunderbolt to manure." .\lthongh these experiments were successful, as far as thev went, as proving the beneficial action of electricity upon plant growth, yet the question ren^ined in abey- ance for nearly fifty years. .About the year 1890 Mon- sieur Baral. of Garonne, France, applied electricity to the culture of potatoes, tomatoes and hemp. A row of hemp, subject to the influence of the electric current, grew eighteen inches taller than the rows not electrified. A kilogramme (2.2 pound) of potatoes planted in the path of the current produced 21 kilogrammes of very large, healthy tubers, while the unelectrified patch only ^ave 12J/2 kilogrammes from the same weight of seed. /"■2 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. The electrified tomatoes ripened their fruit eight days accelerated growth and accelerated germination to be ex- before the others. Another French experimentalist, plained? There are numerous agencies which act as Abbe Nollet, appears to have been the first to prove that stimuli to seeds and plants about which little is known as the application of electricity to seeds hastens their germ- to how they stimulate. mation. The value of the electric light in hastening the "Some of the theories pertaining to electrical action, blossoming period of plants was first brought into notice however, jaossess interest and are worthy of being men- by the late Sir Wilham Siemans, who used it with great tioned. Frecke held the idea that electricity vvas the success U]3on flowering plants and fruit in his own green- great moving force of animate creation, and identical houses. with nervous influence. Marat was of the opinion that The subject therefore naturally divides itself into the electricity exerted a marked influence upon soil fertility. direct use of the current applied to the soil in which the The action of electricity upon oxygen, as is well known, plant is growing, and the use of the electric light as a gives rise to ozone, and some botanists have believed substitute for the sun in cloudy weather or at night. Ex- that the production of ozone in the seed is the prime fac- periments along both these lines have at a comparatively tor in accelerating germination and growth." recent date been carried out by the Massachusetts and For the greater part of two centuries, therefore, elec- other agricultural exjierimental stations in this country, tro-culture has been the subject of experiment and al- In these experiments it was found that electricity ex- ways with more or less successful results. During the erts an appreciable influence upon the germination of past year the question has again been pushed to the front seeds, and 55 per cent, more germinated in forty-eight by the experiments which have been carried out in hours than those not subject to the current, this being France, upon which an interesting article appeared in the average of five species; but it was found that the ap- the Larouse Mensiiel (Paris) for March, 1914. plication of electricity does not increase to any appre- The writer describes an apparatus called a geomag- ciable e.xtent the total germination, nor does it. as .some netifier, an invention of Lieutenant Basty. which is have claimed it does, awaken to life seeds which have formed of a metal rod terminating at a point composed lost their vitality. The experiments with the direct ap- of an alloy which is both a good conductor and non- plication of electricity to plants in growth were all sue- oxydizable! The length of the rod varies, according to cessful in raising larger crops, and in the case of toma- the plants cultivated, from one to two yards, and the end toes they ripened earlier. The following shows the ef- is buried in the ground to a depth equal to that normally feet of various electric currents upon the growth of rad- attained by the "roots. The results announced are very ishes. The duration of this experiment, which was car- encouraging and confirms those obtained by previous ried out at the Massachusetts station, was thirty-nine experimentors. in obtaining a shorter period of germina- 'l^ys. tion, reduction in the time of reaching maturity and a Treatment. Total per cent, gained, much larger yield than under ordinary conditions. Thus, Direct current: one cell; copper-plate electrodes. . 74.07 spinach sown March 21 and subject to the action of the Direct current ; one cell ; wire electrodes 23.15 geomagnetifier, germinated March 31, was gathered vVtmospheric electricity; copper-plate electrodes... 53.61 May 15, and gave a much better yield. Other plants Copper and zinc-plate electrodes connected 182.38 from the same sowing not electrified did not germinate Interrupted induced current : copper-plate elec- vmX.\\ .April 8, and were not ready to gather until nearlv trodes 13.83 in June, while the _\-ield was only a quarter as much. In Unelectrified plants were taken as the standard in cal- ''i*= '^^''^ of strawberries the fruit ripened earlier and was culating percentages. larger m size. The atmospheric electricitv was obtained by means of ' '^ course, this apparatus although given the above a pole extending thirty-five feet above the ^round on the '"§'i soundmg name dilifers nothmg m pnnciple from the top of which was projected twentv-four small copper ™^^^^^ "^^d m the eighteenth century and many times points distributed in two circles, the outer one havino- a ^'"'-"^ ^>' experimenters for the purpose of collecting at- radius of thirty inches. The copper points were all con- '"osphenc electricity. One point which these latest ex- nected with a single copper wire leading to one of the pemnents have brought out which is entirely new is that copper-plate elecVodes, the other electrode being P^'^"^* '^^''^'"e rendered immune from diseases due to mi- grounded. The strength of the currents used in this ex- cro-organisms. In the case of potatoes while diseased periment upon radishes varied from 05 to 1 milliampere Rubers were prevalent in field, a portion electrified con- A series of similar experiments were also carried on ^^™^^ scarcely any. A plot of beets was artificially in- with lettuce, giving the following results : fected with what is called m the article "a serious and '"^ . ' . injurious contagious disease," the name, however, not •vT , ' '^l T f I being given, and the electrified portion received no dam- Treatment, iNumber current total ^^^ '^n the case of potatoes the non-treated part con- ot m milli- percent. Gained a considerable greater number of diseased tubers, plants. amperes. gained. jj^j^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^j^^ ^,-jj^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^i^^^ ^^^^^^^ ^.^^^^ ^„^ Direct current (weak)... 94 0.184 22.78 bv the promoters of a system for electrically treating Direct current (stronger) . 46 0.367 40.76 sewage that by running 'the sewage over metal plates Copper and zinc plates... 48 0.214 36.48 charged with liigh voltage electricity, typhoid and other Atmospheric electricity .. . 47 not taken 39.22 di.sease germs were ab.solutely destroyed and the effluent .\mong the remarks accompanying the report of these could with safetA- be then discharged into a stream. The experiments it was stated, "The effect which electricity expense of this process was, however, too great too se- has in accelerating the germinating of seeds and the cure its adoption, growth of plants is positive, and in hundreds of experi- The Journal of the Board of Agriculture (England), ments conducted in different manners we have seldom Vol. XX., contains a report of some experiments with obtained any negative results. We have, moreover, con- potatoes at Dumfries, Scotland, during 1912, which fully clusively proved that the alternating current is much su- confirms the benefits of electricity in plant growth. perior to the direct as a stimulator. \\'hile there is without a shadow of doubt a funda- "The question naturally arises, in what manner does mental basis for the theory that electricity is capable of electricity stumulate plants, or, in other words, how are decomposing certain plant foods existing in the soil and THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 71 thus rendering; them more availahle. and, also, as noted above, of causint; the combination of the elements of nitric acid, yet at the present moment it does not appear possible for any one to define with certainty how and why electricity has a beneficient action upon growing plants. But as it has been proved that electricity affects the protoplasm of tlie i)lant. there is no doubt that it is to the effect upon tlie ])rotoplasm that we must probably look for the solution of the problem. Tlie eft'ect can be seen in plants that show protoplasmic movements, such as, for instance, the Chara, one of the families of the Cryptogameous plants having no vascular tissue, by which it has long been known that weak currents stim- ulate protoplasm and induce accelerated movement ; whereas strong currents retard or stoji such movements, and if too stong, the protoplasm is killed. There is a good deal of interesting data being accu- mulated concerning electrical influence upon plant growth, but the question cannot be said to be yet out of the experimental stage, although the advantages derived from the direct application of electricity to vegetation are unt|uestionable. The writer in the h'rench magazine aliove mentioned concludes his article bv expressing amazement that in view of the remarkable results produced, farmers and gardeners do not universally adopt this treatment for their crops, and he attributes their failure to do so purely to ignorance. While there is no disputing the fact that the use of electricity upon growing crops will produce beneficial ef- fects in more than one direction, the universal adoption of its use depends entirely upon its practicability, whether the resulting increased crops will pay for the increased expense. It is obvious for one thing that the ordinary operation connected witli cultivation and har- vesting would be greatly interfered with and rendered more expensive in the case of a field studded by poles and wires. In a garden where all operations are by hand, the inconvenience would not be of any moment. In the latter case the question to be answered by experiment is whether the results will compensate for the trouble in erecting the apparatus irrespective of cost, also whether if this increased cost were put into extra plant food, equal results would be produced without the attendant trouble of fixing the poles and wires. It nuist be tmderstood that electricity supplies no plant food, its effect appears to be in enabling a ]ilant to make greater use of the food within its reach. The use of electric light in connection with ])lant growth is in a far more advanced position. Its effect has been investigated at, amongst other places, the agri- cultural experimental stations of Concord, Miss., and West Virginia, the arc light being used at the former, and the incandescent at the latter. In the case of jjlants being grown luider the intluence of this light, the effect seems to be produced through the hastening antl prolonging the act of food assimilation owing to the extention of, what practically amounts to, the hours of sunlight, and the substitution of the light for the sun in cloudy weather. A large number of spe- cies of vegetables, flowering and foliage plants have been experimented upon. In the experiments with the arc light it was soon found that the naked light exerted an injurious influence upon inany plants. This is believed to be due to the presence of the ultra-violet rays, the spectrum of the electric light being unlike that of sun- light. A glass screen or ordinary globe was found to cut out the injurious rays and to allow the beneficial rays to pass through. By the use of the light the flower- ing period of many species of plants was hastened, Easter lilies being advanced as much as ten days. With vegetables the best results were olnained upon lettuce, plants of which were a week or more in advance of those in the unligiued house. The results with the use of the incandescent light were to a great extent similar, but the balance of evidence is in favor of the arc light. The practical utilization of the electric light upon a commercial Iiasis is now an accomplished fact so far as lettuce is concerned. In the New England lettuce houses, especially in the neighborhood of Boston, a gain of time is obtained during the winter season sufficient to enable one more crop of lettuce to be grown in the same time than where the light is not used. In the case of flowers the use of the light has not been found to be commercially profitable, although the flower- ing period was considerably hastened. In this connec- tion it does not do to use the light too early in the life of the plant, or flowers will a])pear before the plant is strong enough to grow them to their proper size. Up to the present there have not been, so far as we are aware, any experiments made of the use of this light in the open air and one would not venture to foretell what possibilities may e.xist in this direction. So far as the use of electricity itself to plant growth is concerned it cannot be denied that there is evidence enough to support a belief that in time to come it will occui)\' as impiirtant a place in agriculture and horti- culture as it (iocs today in other directions. PROPAGATING THE AUCUBA. If there is one evergreen shrub more prominent than others as particularly adapted ior cultivation in confined town and sul)urban gardens, it is the Aucuba. A native of Japan, A. japonica in. growth, size and color of the leaves is a very variable shrub. The numerous forms of Aucuba have been given varietal names by nurserymen, and it would not be difficult, should one wish it, to obtain a collection of at least twenty named sorts. In habit the plants vary from 2 feet to 10 feet in height. There is a very marked difference in the size and coloring of the leaves. Some growers prefer the large, shiny pale green leaves beautifull_\- spotted with \ellow ; others choose the rich, shiny green leaves, suggestive of the Laurel. In some sorts the edges of the leaves are entire, while in others they are elegantly toothed. Shade does not harm the .A,ucuba ; it will thrive under tall trees as well as the Ivy. Such a good-natured plant is the .\ucuba that, in addition to thriving in most positions, it will also grow in nearly all soils. The .Vucuba makes a beautiful and attractive lawn specimen ; it is also useful as a screen, and an ideal subject for the shrubbery border. This jaiianese shrub is also interesting, there being two sexes. The male and female flowers are borne on differ- ent plants, not like most of our favorite .shrubs, both on the same plant. In addition to its attractive foliage, the female Auculia bears ornamental red berries larger than those of the 1 lolly : but to get these one must grow Aucu- bas of botli sexes, as the pollen from the flowers of the male jilant is neces.sary to fertilize those of the female otherwise no berries are produced. Proi:iagation from cuttings is the usual and (luickcit means of increase. Quite large branches root readily in v. close iirojiagating frame, preferably with a little bottom heat. I'nder glass, .\ucuba cuttings may be inserted at any time. In the open border October and November is the best time to put in cuttings. In a moist propagating frame the cuttings will root in any light material- - sandy soil, fibre, leaf-mould or coarse sand. By in- serting large shoots such good plants are available for potting up in two months suitable for use at once in a window bo.x. — Exchange. 74 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. WHEN TO PRUNE SHRUBBERY. Much may be added to the beauty and attractiveness if the shrubs about the lawns and gardens are kept in a thriving condition. This may be done, or at least their beauty may be greatly enhanced, by judicious and timely pruning. It requires but little time, if the work is done every year, to keep the bushes growing and developing in a uniform manner; while if allowed to grow without attention for a few years, it may take a number of years of careful pruning to bring them into shape again. When a shrub is set is the time to shape it, to a cer- tain extent. If it is properly pruned at that time, sub- sequent cutting and shaping will be reduced to a min- imum. The grace and beauty of most shrubs lie in their drooping habit. Nature, in the main, will attend to this. Sometimes, however, certain shapes or designs may be desired. While this is something for a skillful gardener to attend to, yet certain work along this line can be done by the careful amateur. The correct methods to be pur- sued with a general collection will have to be learned largely by observation. It is, of course, true that work like the removal of dead limbs, branches that chafe or are badly crossed and superfluous interior shoots, may be done at almost any time of the year. The general pruning should, however, be determined by the time of flowering. In this respect our common shrubs are divided into two classes. The spring-bloomers, such as lilac, most of the spireas, snow- ball and weigela form their buds in the late summer or early fall of the previous year, upon wood of that year's growth. It is evident that winter or spring pruning, therefore, would sacrifice some of the best branches and would also induce the growth of new shoots at a time when the energy of the shrub is needed to develop the flowers. This class, as can readily be understood, should be pruned in summer after the blooming period is over. New wood will then be induced to start and make a vig- orous growth for buds the next year. The blossoms are borne at the ends of terminal or lateral shoots, hence the pruning induces more laterals to sprout, resulting in a larger number of flowers. The amount to be cut varies with different sorts. At least take as much as would be taken if all flowers were cut with long stems. Some of the summer bloomers are rose, althea, hibis- cus, hydrangea and tamarix. With these the flowers form on wood of the current year's growth. Pruning should be done at anv time after the leaves fall and be- fore the sap starts in the spring. None but the most hardy kinds should be severely cut back in the fall. With the tenderer sorts, such as some of the roses, pruning should be done in the spring after danger of severe cold is well past. As a rule the late bloomers may be pruned more than the early bloomers, as flowers are usually the object sought rather than abundant foliage. A vigorous growth in the early spring must be obtained and nothing but pruning will bring this about. Roses should be pruned in the spring. Ordinarily a severe cutting is best, yet with certain strong-growing kinds too much pruning will induce the bush to "run to growth" rather than to the production of flowers. Note the condition of the canes and cut each one off a half inch above a strong bud pointing in the desired direction. It is usually best to save buds that point outward, as the shoot will continue in the direction the bud points. On the average about two-thirds of the previous sea- son's growth should be cut away. Weak growing va- rieties may be cut even more. The hybrids and teas will need more severe priming than the hardy sort, ^^'itll these, after the winter protection has been removed, cut out all the dead and "winter-killed" canes, even if it be necessary to cut to the ground. It is a fact that the se- vere cutting back of roses will not result in so many flower's, but they will be larger and better. If still larger blooms are desired, cut oft' some of the buds as they begin to develop, leaving only the terminal buds to form flow- ers. If the hardy roses are desired to produce a profu- sion of bloom, milder treatment than that recommended above is necessary. When cut flowers are desired, the more severe pruning is best. The climbing roses may be pruned down to the last season's growth each spring and the new shoots trained as desired. If there is plenty of room, however, very little pruning will be necessary. Simply cut out the dead wood and occasionally some of the older branches, and the ramblers will keep in good condition. — Exchange. THE SOIL AND DISEASE. That many diseases arise from soil conditions was formerly a widespread belief, and is still asserted by many authorities. .\ writer in The Medical Council i Philadelphia. June) asserts that this theory is outworn, and that the soil, except where abnormally infected, is a conserver of health, not a harborer of disease. The theo- ries that malaria is due to soil conditions, he says, have utterly collapsed, and of the diseases once thought to originate in the soil, including "military fever," typhoid, yellow fever, and more recently pellagra, erysipelas, beri- beri, dysentery, tuberculosis, tetanus, anthrax, ameboid dysentery, cholera infantum, and epidemic meningitis, it is now fairly certain that none is there present normally. The organisms of some may infest both soil and water, but these are only "carriers" in such cases, not genera- tors. To quote : ".•\s medical science advances it is more than probable that the soil as a generator of disease will be dismissed from consideration. It is r|uite true that buried accumu- lations of filth may proliferate various organisms, but that normal soil does so except as is taught in agricul- tural books is not probable. The normal bacteria of the soil are not pathogenic to man. ".•\fter going through much authoritative literature, we are unable to find many authenticated instances of pathogenic bacteria normallv occurring in the soil. ^lore and more is it being thought that tetanus bacilli largely come from the intestinal tracts of the domestic animals and do not proliferate in the soil, although the spores may long remain viable. . . . Practically the only bacillus of w'hich distinct claims of pathogenic activity have been asserted, and which may proliferate in tropical soil, is the B. cloacoe. But recent study shows it to be merely a colon bacillus of cattle which resists the lethal action of sunlight, and thus is very slowly killed. . . . ".•\s a matter of fact, normal soil is a natural and bene- ficent bacteriological laboratory, various nitrifying bac- teria promoting growth and others decomposing humus and organic matter, thus rendering it available as plant food. But when natural conditions are disturbed, the bacterial balance is also disturbed ; and fungi, molds, algse, and other organisms proliferate, to the detriment of man and animals. Note, it is not so much bacteria but other organisms which proliferate. Disturbed soil needs to be cultivated, and cultivated well. .\nd yet the processes of artificial cultivation are often productive of vegetable forms of diminished resistance, as note the phylloxera disease of cultivated grapes, the various blights and the root growths so destructive of highly developed plant life. . . "The soil is a great conservator of health, not a men- ace : its life and death processes are among the most won- THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 7.h derful in nature. "I'ack to the sdil' needs to be a health slogan as well as an economic one. But what kind of soil? The best answer is that of modern scientific farm- ing, which conserves the soil as well as man. Science was long a very artificial thing ; but it is now being nat- uralized. And the encouraging thing is that science pays in efficiency and dollars and cents. Scientific farming is not only the most profitable, but it is one of the greatest conservators of public health. "And yet how foolish some sanitarians are! One al- leged scientist recently stated that he would as soon his children played with poison as with earth, as all of the pathogenic bacteria came from the soil. And another 'city builder' wishes that not one blade of grass be al- lowed to grow within the limits of the city. Children know better, and 'scientists' should. "Let us get back to the soil and the sun ! Let us cea^e contaminating the soil and the atmosphere, and sanita- tion will progress by leaps and liounds. Sanitarians are, perforce of circumstances, compelled to make insanitary conditions tolerable : but what a great work could be done were these unnecessary conditions removed and the sanitarian allowed to devote his attentions more to man in a proper environment ! Man himself is the great problem, after all. This world is a place 'where every prospect pleases and only man is vile." Too long have we blamed our troubles upon this good old earth that we have abused so sorely. Let us begin with ourselves and let the earth wag along as the Creator intended it should." — Digest. THE SNAPDRAGON. H. J. Moore. The Snapdragon — Antirrhinum from anti, like, and rhin. a nose or snout. Few if any of our well known garden flowers are more satisfactory generally than the one in question. For filling beds or borders of any size it is useful and will furnish a beautiful display of bloom from July until the end of October. In color the flowers are so varied as to render possible the most beautiful schemes, and lasting so long, successfully bridge over the entire summer and autumn. For cutting the snapdragon is also useful, and lieing easily raised, flowers are at the command of ycjung and old. Two very popular types of snapdragons are tall .Antirrhinum majus, and the dwarf or Tom Thumb kinds — A. majus manum, these latter being btit varieties of the former which is likewise the progenitor of most of our valuable garden forms. In addition to the foregoing there are many handsome spe- cies less known perhaps, but nevertheless excellent border or rock garden plants. Being of perennial habit the snapdragon may be in- creased by cuttings as well as by seeds, and while it is generally increased by the latter method, by cuttings is the only certain way to increase many colors or varieties, September being the proper month for the operation. Insert the cuttings in a bed of sand in a cold frame, water carefully and shade from sunlight. Keep the frame closed, ventilating only during ' the day when the tem- perature is high or when moisture condenses excessively on the plants and on the inner surfaces of the frame. When rooted transfer the plants to boxes or pot them off singly, and place them in a cool greenhouse until the spring. By propagating early in the spring good bedding plants may also be obtained from cuttings — bottom heat at this time being of course essential. Plants of named and well established varieties should be raised from seed, the quickest and most satisfactory way being to sow them indoors during March or April, and after transplanting into flats, thence into four inch pots to place the plants into cold frames to harden off preparatory to bedding out. Those who have no facilities for raising the seedlings indoors may sow the seed out- side as soon as the weather and soil conditions will per- mit. These plants will, of course, flower somewhat later than the foregoing, but w^ill nevertheless afiford a pleasing display. Magnificent border etifects may be created by planting the tall growing kinds towards the rear and the dwarf ones along the front of the border. For this pur- pose, when purchasing seed, the heights of the plants should be carefully noted and indicated on the label bear- ing the name of the variety. The distance apart must be governed by the height of the plant, overcrowding being deleterious. Fifteen to eighteen inches may be regarded as approximately right. Seeds should be sown outdoors in patches very thinly, the seedlings being thinned out as desired. The Antirrhinum is not solely a garden subject, for if sown in the greenhouse during any of the fall months and potted commensurately as it grows, excellent jilants in full flower may be had during the late winter and all through spring, while for cutting purposes a bench filled with plants will amply repay the labor. It is customary for many florists to lift the plants from the garden ere they are injured by severe frosts, and after removing the old flower stems to plant them in benches for the winter's supply of flowers, a very economical practice, and there- fore to be commended. — Canadian Florist. THE OLD MAN. Be kind to your daddy, O, gamboling youth ; his feet are now sluggish and cold ; intent on your pleasures, you don't see the truth, which is that your dad's growing old. Ah, once he could whip forty bushels of snakes, but now he is spavined and lame; his joints are all rusty and tortured with aches, and weary and worn is his frame. He toiled and he slaved like a government mule to see that his kids had a chance; he fed them and clothed them and sent them to school, rejoiced when he marked their advance. The land- scape is moist with th.e billows of sweat he cheerfully shed as he toiled, to bring up his children and keep out of debt, and see that the home kettle boiled. lie dressed in old duds that his Mary and Jake might liloom like the roses in June, and oft when you swal- lowed your porterhouse steak, your daddy was chewing a prune. And now that he's worn by his burden of care, just show you are worth all he did; look out for his comfort, and hand him his chair, and hang up his slicker and lid. — Walt Mason. JUST AS OF OLD. Just as of old, the moments come and go. The Spring with its flowers, and the Winter with its snow. The hours pass away, the seasons warm and cold, And Time runs along today just as of old. But, ah ! how we change as the years come on anew, The heart grows strange that once was fond and true, And dear friends part, while others pass away. And sadly sighs the weary heart, day after day. But just as of old, the many stars appear, And greet us again as in some forgotten year. And flowers bloom anew and rivers ever flow. Just as they did in days of )ore, long, long ago. 7(> THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. GROWING INTEREST IN PUBLIC ROSE GARDENS. _ The recent rose show held in Syracuse breaks all pre- vious records for attendance, interest and merit of ex- hibit. Imagine over two hundred varietiees of the queen of flowers skillfully staged. They made the spacious hall a bower of beauty and fragrance. Mr. Robert Pyle, vice-president of the American Rose Society, gave a beautifully illustrated address the first night of the show on "Famous Rose Gardens I Have Visited." Two suc- cessive years Mr. Pyle has delivered the annual address and acted as judge. Rev. Dr. Edmund M. Mills, the president of the society, is a Methodist, but a poll of the members would show the Methodists in a decided mi- nority. People of all faiths are found in this society, which has in four years grown to have an active mem- bership of nearly three hundred. Mr. James M. Gilbert, a prominent member of the First Church, took first hon- ors in winning the silver medal offered by the American Rose Society for the best exhibit. Every village of any considerable size, except one. within thirty miles of Syra- cuse, has members in this organization. Through the inspiration of this society hundreds of new rose gardens haz'e sprung up. and many already in existence have been greatly enlarged and improi'ed. Among the direct results of the work of the year Syracuse is to have a municipal rose garden, and Syracuse University is plan- ning for a rose garden which will probably be located in front of the Carnegie Universit\- Library building. — Extract from Northern Christian .Idz'ocate, of Xew York. THE SMITH MEMORIAL. As the committee ( appointed at the Chicago conven- tion, with regard to the erection of a suitable memorial to the late William Robertson Smith in the National Cap- ital) has been continuously at work, since appointment, and has decided that the monument should take a form useful as well as ornamental in tlie sha]je of a memorial building to the father of the S. A. V . charter. The committee is very desirous of obtaining subscrip- tions. The chairman of the committee will be pleased to receive them, no matter how small, and will give proper receipt for the same and place it in bank at 4 per cent, interest until such time that the memorial can be erected or contract awarded. The committee has hopes of re- ceiving some large subscriptions, but feels that the flor- ists of the United -States should show their interest first before the large contributions are called for. The committee, therefore, asks that you now send in your subscriptions addressed to Mr. ^\'illiam F. Gude, Chairman, 1214 F. street, N. ^^'.. Washington, D. C, so that the memorial may take tangilile form at the earliest possible date. During the week just previous to Decoration Day, the lot and graves in beatutiful Rock Creek Cemetery, con- taining the bodies of Mr. and Mrs. \^'illiam Robertson Smith, were nicely trimmed and planted through the courtesy of Air. George W. Hess, superintendent of the United States Bontanic Gardens, under the direction of Mr. W. F. Gude. Washington representative of S. A. F. and O. H. On top of both graves are planted some Wichuriana roses, as Mr. Smith had often expressed a desire of hav- ing memorial roses planted on his grave. At the head of each grave a nice specimen of Anthericum \'ariegatum Scotch heather is planted, and at the foot Colluna \'n\- garis". Each grave is outlined with a border of nice plants of Anthericum \'ariegatum, Aphipogon Jaburan Variegata. The whole makes a very effective setting and quite a contrast to the long neglected spot. No doubt the Memorial Committee, which met in Chicago in 1912, will do what they can to erect some suitable stone on this beautiful lot, which is located in one of the most notable cemeteries in the United States. Just a short distance from the Smith section is the world's famous St. Gauden's masterpiece, the Statute of Grief; also the quaint old Episcopal Church, the brick of which was brought from England more than a hundred years ago, and still used daily, stands but a short distance in front of this spot. Manv of the notable families of the United States have mausdleums nearby. Friitti }\'iisJiiut/tun Pout, William Fv. Sniitli. tliu lati' su]iei-inteiicleiit of the United States Hotaiiic Gaiilen. and "the dean of American horticulture," who died in 1012, lived again last niglit at a bnsiness session and lawn party given in honor of the Florists' Club of Washington and their guests by William F. (iude. at his home. .3000 New Hamp- shire avenue northwest. Nearly 500 gniests, in(duding many in official life, attended the gathering. In tribute to Mr. Smith, who for 4.^ years was in the service of the Ignited States Botanic (iarden, and who was characterized as "one who had done more than any other to make Washington a "city beautiful'," it was proposed to erect a nienuirial in tliis city to Ins memory. It was suggested that the memorial be in the form of a conservatory, adajitable to the meetings of local and national florists' societies, and designed as a school for young men, where they could learn the science of horticulture, Richard Vincent, .Tr.. of White ilarsh, Md,, former president of tlie Society of American Florists, paid a tribute to Mr, Smith, in y recalling liim as one of the greatest authorities on Kobert Burn.s '**>. that ever lived. At a business session preceding the party, it was decided by the executive board of the Florists' Club of Washington to hold a flower show November 2 to 8 at the Masonic Temple, to contain exhibits from all over the country. It will be known as the Washington idirysanthemum show, undei- the auspices of the Florists' Club of Washington. WHERE BRAINS ARE NEEDED. "T claim it takes more l)rains to farm," said Ebenezer Brown, "Than what it does to git ahead and make a splash in town : Why, I know six or seven chaps from this here neigh- borhood Who went away to cities, where they're busy makin' good. "You take Chicago and New York — size up the big men there — The lawyer, doctor, merchant and the multimillion- aire— You'll find they've all been farmer boys, or li\ed in towns, at least. Where they could ha\e a chance to learn the wa^'S of bird and beast, "Now take these city cha])s who come to cultivate the land — I don't mean millionaires who farm for fun, ynu un- derstand— But take the common city folks wht) try to farm, and say ! It's pitiful the way they try to make their farmin" ])ay. "I've saw a dozen of 'em fail; I never seen one vet. Who managed to be prominent or not get into debt ; .^nd so I claim a man may make an awful splash in town .And not have l;rains enough to farm," said Ebenezer Brown. — S. E. Riser. The Sweet Pea of the Past and of the Future In surveying the development of the sweet pea since it was first introduced into England, one must marvel at the extraordinary development of the flower and the po- sition it occupies in the gardens of the world today. It has not only provided beauty and given immeasurable joy on account of its beauty, far in excess of any other flower, but it has provided material to the scientist, to the seed grower, to the seedsman and to the press calling for their respective abilities and putting them to the test in a great variety of ways. The (|uestion has arisen in many minds. "How long will it cnntinue?" For the last five years I have heard it said that the sweet pea was at the height of its popularity, but the height of the great mountain of sweet pea possibility has not yet been scaled. .A vear or two ago we stood on some promi- nence where the high peak seemed only a day's climb fur- ther, but today our climb has brought us to another height, from which we can yet see the highest peak far above, though the fog has not lifted from its summit, and we can onlv imagine the highest poiiU. .As we look hack and take in the view below, the scenery is grand. We have climbed over some rough parts, but our imagination urges us to climb yet higher, for as we climb this moun- tain our view will be finer and grander. We will have some rough places to conquer, oftentimes necessitating the use of guide ropes, but with the assurance that our fellow travelers are linked to us, these obstacles will be surmounted. Tlie first line along which we should consider the sub- ject is naturally the raising of varieties. The sweet pea, history records, was first noticed by Cupani, a monk in Sicily, in the year 1699, and a few seeds were sent to England. It was long before varia- tions took place, and about the year 1793 we find that black, i)urple, scarlet and white varieties were offered for sale. Seven years later a black purple was offered, and thirty-seven years later a striped flowered could be had. In 1860 the first edged variety appeared. Ten years la- ter Henrv Eckford, w'hose name will always be asso- ciated with sweet peas as long as sweet peas are grown, began his great life work. \'arieties now came much faster, but at first the stocks were badly mixed. While ignorant of the laws of Mendelism, h'ckford by careful selection was afterward able to put his novelties on the market fixed. The varieties of the past and their color- ing must have been considered wonderful, and to read over some of the descriptions given is now amusing, when we think of present-day flowers. The coming of the Spencer in 1901, and how this flower captivated all growers and brought about present conditions in the sweet pea world is well known. We have to be thankful, however, that the original Spencer sweet pea was such a beauty, as had Spencer form first appeared in some of our varieties today, the name of which I leave to you, I fear it would have passed un- noticed. 1^'ollowing Countess Spencer, novelties were showered on the market in profusion, but mostly in a wretched state of unfi.xedness. Seedsmen were too an.xious to sell their production, but gradually things have settled down and today conditions are much improved. Besides the coming of Spencers there were other va- riations of value. Of these the earl\- flowering type was IJerhaps the most important owing In its jjlace with flor- ists. Then the cupid varieties and bush varieties were introduced b\- the .\merican growers, but these never gained a wide popularity. The present day finds us with a list of sweet pea names some two thousand in number. From the list we can pick out such gems as King Edward Spencer, Elfrida Pearson, Countess Spencer, (ieorge Herbert, Mrs. Cuth- bertson, Alelba, Liertrand, Deal, Illuminator, Margaret Atlee, Morse's Monday Alorning, Margaret Madson 2d, Miriam Beaver 2d, Doris Usher, Helen Lewis, Hercules, King White, Rosabelle, Mrs. C. W. Breadmore. .America Spencer, Jessie Cuthbertson Spencer, R. F. Felton, Asta Ohn, Dainty Spencer, Thomas Stevenson, Nubian, Ver- milion Brilliant, etc. What wonderful coloring has been produced and what remarkable size. Fifteen years ago had we seen a jilant of Prima Donna or Katherine Tracy bearing four blossoms on one stem, with even a sugges- tion of the size of say Elfrida Pearson, even poorly grown, we should have looked for the immediate death of the plant. Truly the work of hybridizers has been wonderful, and whoever they may have been, lovers of flowers will pay tribute. The extensive list of Spencers in most diverse shades, bears ample testimony to their work. Some people, princiiially in .America, should be reminded that "even Burbank in all his glory has not ar- rayed one of these." What has the future in store? To my mind il will bring forth things which have never been dreamed of. Already we have had a glimpse of what is coming by the new true double flowers. These are quite different from the duplex type. They are most wonderful flowers, and will rival the most expensive orchid, perhaps not only in beaut\- but in price, as the seeding qualities are very light. Then in the early flowering section I look for good, fixed .Spencer flowers in colors suitable for florists, and with the desirable qualities of the early flowering varie- ties of the ])ast. There is \et much room for improve- ment in this section and an idea of what is to come can be had from the .Australian variety Yarrawa Spencer. In Cupids 1 look for an improvement in the form of Spencers having the Cupid growth and the long stems, large flowers, and colorings of the Spencer varieties. Perhaps one of the most remarkable changes in sweet [lea matters has been in the cultural methods. In years past the amateur dug his garden in the usual way, which was often poor enough, and then made a little drill with his hoe in which the peas were .sown as thickly as pos- sible. There were many ways resorted to in training them or supporting them. Onlv a few keen growers ever thought of manuring or feeding the plants, and the result was a fine, thick hedge of medium height. A great contrast to that i-~ the culture of the keen growers today. Growers have learned that thick planting was unnecessary, possibly they were helped to realize that by the price of seed. Then disbudding has been resorted to and the growing on the single stem system, thereby producing enormous flowers. It is nothing unusual to find growers sjjading the ground two and three feet deep incorporating man- ures with great care and knowledge. The plants are fed with manures during the flowering period and many col- ors shades from the sun's ray to preserve the color. The sweet pea plant is watched with anxious eyes from its first appearance above ground until the final blossom is cut. What our cultural methods will develop into is beyond me to saw but imjirovements will come. Following along present lines we might expect to see some of our grow- ers trying to grow their peas on the Dahlia system, allow- 78 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. ing only one blossom to a shoot. Personally, I hope they never get that far ; rather would I welcome a system of culture which will get awav from the single stem prin- ciple and tend towards the old-fashioned hedge, but pro- ducing flowers as large and as handsome as those pro- duced on single stemmed plants. Abstract from paper read by F. G. Cuthbcrtson, of San Francisco, before the American Sweet Pea Society at New York. PLANTING PEONIES. The peony is easy to grow, hardy everywhere without protection, and free from diseases and insect enemies. The flowers, which include white, yellow and every shade from flesh pink to deepest niaronn, are large and showy without being coarse. Once established, peonies are per- manent— large clumps have been flourishing and bloom- ing regularly in old gardens for a quarter of a century with no attention whatever. The peony family is divided into two general sections — the Peony officinalis, or herbaceous, and the Peony Moutan, tree or shrub peony, both of which are hardy. The former is the one that has been grown in the gar- dens of Europe and America for centuries, and is the forerunner of the present-day hybrids; the latter is an importation from Japan, where it is also grown in pots. The herbaceous are single, semi-double and double ; the Japanese family has a semi-double cup, in the center of which is a mass of petaloids, generally of a contrasting color or shade. Culture of the peony is comparatively simple, but for success two things must be kept in mind : It will not thrive in the shade or in a wet. undrained location. In locating a border or hedge of peonies look to the future as to shade. Give them the open border where they will have full sunshine. As a low hedge they fill every re- quirement if sufficient width is to be had. As the peony is a permanent planting it should have a permanent bed or border. Dig to a depth of not less than eighteen inches and fill the trench with good garden soil — soil from an old garden that has been kept in a high state of cultivation is the best — the peony will not tolerate fresh manure. If the subsoil is naturally well drained, no artificial drainage will be needed, but if it is of tough or sticky clay, or hardpan, a layer of drainage material consisting of broken stone or coarse cinders should be put in the bottom of the trench. Peonies may be planted either in late summer or spring. Do not advise late fall planting. If it is not convenient to plant in the spring as soon as the soil can be worked, postpone planting until the first week of August so the plants will make root growth before win- ter sets in. In taking up and dividing the peony, most of the small fibrous roots are lost, and the plant should have an opportunity to replace some of these before it is subjected to the rigors of winter. The question as to when to divide clumps of peonies is one for each gardener to decide, as it depends upon soil, climate and cultivation. It is safe to say that in the gar- den under the most intensive culture they will not need it in less than four years — the average is si.x. Aiier a year, when the flowers have shown a lack of brilliancy or size it is safe to divide the clumps if they have not been touched within five or six years ; the flowers are usually the best indicators. When dividing take up the whole plant and remove not less than three "eyes" to a division, avoiding loss of roots and bruising as far as possible. Mulch through the winter with leaves, straw, or well-rotted manure, and remove the mulch early in spring. Frequently peonies do not throw typical blooms the first blooming season ; the finest double ones may then give single or semi-double blossoms. It is not until the third blooming season that one can look for the most satisfactory results from the peony — no matter what the culture has been. — Country Life. AURICULAS FROM SEED. The enthusiastic grower of Auriculas will be anxious to raise some seedlings, and at this season, when these beautiful flowers are appearing, a short note on the sub- ject may be useful, for a man is not worthy of the name of florist if he does nothing in the way of seedling-raising to improve the flowers he cultivates. The selection of parents is very important, and only the best varieties should be crossed. It is also advisable to mate a green-edged variety with another belonging to the same group ; selfs should be crossed with selfs, and so on ; while among the alpines the yellow-centered forms should be crossed together, and this remark also applies to the white and cream centered kinds. Having selected an Auricula which it is intended to use as the mother plant, the anthers must be removed with a pair of sharp- pointed scissors before the pollen is distributed. When performing this operation, hold the plant in such a posi- tion that none of the pollen cases falls down the tube. After two or three days the stigma of the prepared flow- ers may be dusted over with pollen from another bloom, using a fine camel-hair brush to convey the pollen. The seed should be sown directly it is ripe, viz., about July and August, in seed-pans or ordinary flower pots. These are filled one-third of their depth with drainage, and the usual potting compost employed. Germination is some- times rather slow, and after pricking off the first batch the seed-pans may still be retained, because other seed- lings will eventually appear. When the young plants have made their first leaf after the two seed leaves, they can be pricked ofif at the rate of about a dozen in a 3-inch pot. As growth advances they should be placed three in a similar sized receptacle, and at the ne.xt potting one in a pot. while a 33^-inch or 4-inch will be large enough for their final move. It usually takes about eighteen months for a seedling to reach its full size. A suitable rooting medium consists of good fibrous loam two parts, leaf- mould one part, and decayed cow-manure one part, which ought to be well mixed three weeks or so before it is required. — E.vclmuge. PROGRESSIVE CURIOSITY. A hen stood on the garden lot. Whence all but her had fled. And didn't leave a planted spot In the early onion bed. With vim she worked, both feet and legs, And the gardener says he bets. She was trying to find the kind of eggs On which the onion sets. OUR COVER ILLUSTRATION. The illustration on the front cover is a reproduction of a photograph by William H. Waite, which shows an avenue of stately elms on Broadway, Yonkers, lining either side of "Greystone," the estate over which Mr. Waite presides. The propertv fmnts on both sides of the avenue. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 79 AMERICAN SWEET PEA SOCIETY SHOW. The sixth annual summer exhibition of the American Sweet Pea Society, which was held in the American Mu- seum of Natural iiistory, New York, on June 27 and 28, proved a pronounced success, both in the quality of the sweet peas shown and in the number of exhibitors. Some excellent displays were made by such firms as W. Atlee Burpee & Co., Arthur T. Boddington, and William Sim. The private growers were much in evidence and showed some excellent Howers. The feature of the private dis- play was an exhiliit by Win. Cjray, gardener to ]\Irs. W. B. Leeds, Newjjort, R. I. Harry Turner was manager of the show. The list of awards of the private growers' classes follows : The Peter Henderson & Co's prizes for 12 vases, 20 sprays to a va.se. of 12 distinct varieties of Spencer sweet pea.s — Mrs. W. B. Leeds, Newport, E. I. (VVm. Gray, Gr.), lst;\Giraud Foster, Lenox, Mass. iKdwin Jenkins, 8iipt.), 2nd; M. T. Coclccroft, Saugatnok, Conn. (Adam Paterson, Gr.), 3rd. Tlie Artliur T. Boddington prizes for a collection of sweet peas, 25 varieties, not less than 2.') stems to a vase, to be shown with sweet jjea foliage only — Mrs. \V. B. Ijceds, 1st; Adolph Lewisohn, Ardslev, N. Y. (J'no. Canning. Gr.), 2nd; Mrs. Benj. Stern, Roslvn, L. L ("W. U. Robertson, Gr.).'3rd. Tlie Stnnipp & A^'alter Co.'s prizes for six vases of sweet peas, six distinct Spencer varieties, 20 sprays to the vase — J. J. Downey, Portchester, N. Y. (Thos. Ryan, Gr.), 1st; Girand Foster, 2nd; Mrs. Robt. \\inthrop, Lenox. Mass. (A. Carlquist, Gr.), 3rd. Tlio Henry A. Dreer prizes for the best vase of Florence Night- ingale sweet peas — H. Darlington, Mamaroneck, N. Y. (P. W. Popp, Gr. I, 1st; J. W. Pepper, Jenkintown, Pa. (W. Robertson, Gr.), 2nd. Vase Queen Alexandra Spencer sweet peas — J. W. Pepper, 1st. Vase White Spencer sweet peas — Girand Foster, 1st; J. W. Pep- per, 2nd. The Mount Desert Nurseries' prizes for the best vase of sweet peas, one variety, any color, 25 stems arranged for effect. Any other foliage tlian sweet pea may be used — Mrs. W. B. Leeds. 1st; H. W. Fischer, New Canaan, Conn. (R. Bottoniley, Gr.), 2nd. The Watkins & Simpson prize for six vases Spencer sweet peas, six distinct colors, 25 sprays to a vase — Paul 'SI. Warburg, Harts- dale, N. Y. (Frank C. Luckenbacher, Gr.). 1st. Twenty-five blooms sweet peas, Apple Blossom Spencer, witli foliage. "The Michell Silver Medal— Paul M. Warburg, 1st. Vase sweet peas, Spencer varieties mi.xed with foliage, not less than ion l)looms. The Michell Silver Medal— M. T. Cockcroft, 1st. The Knight c& Struck Co.'s prizes for best vase of sweet peas, containing 25 sprays, in variety, of whicli no two are alike in shading — Mrs. W. B. Leeds, 1st; J. J. Downey, 2nd; Girand Foster, 3rd. The Burnett Brothers' prize for the best tliree vases of sweet peas; distinct colors. 50 sprays to a vase — Paul M. Warburg, 1st. Tlie American Sweet Pea Society's prizes for the best display for ell'ect, covering a round table about four feet across — A. A. Mason, Tuxedo, N. Y. (David S. Miller, Gr.), 1st; Highlawn, Lenox, Mass. (Geo. Foulshain, Gr.), 2nd. Decoration for table of eight covers, glasses, cutlery and linen to be used — F. Berthused, Grevstone, Yonkers, N. Y., 1st; H. L. Pratt, Glen Cove, L. I. (Hy. Gaut, Gr.), 2nd. The W. Atlee Burpee cup for the finest 12 vases of sweet peas, 12 varieties — Paul M. Warburg. 1st. The W. Atlee Burpee prizes for the best vase of one variety of Spencer type sweet peas introduced 1914 — J. J. Downey. 1st; Girand Foster, 2nd; Mrs. Moses Taylor, Mt. Kisco, N. Y. (Alex. Thomson, Gr.), 3rd. The Sutton & Sons' prize for the best table of sweet peas, cov- ering 12 square feet, and not to exceed three feet in height— Highlawn, 1st. The Weeber & Don prize for vase of 1(X) sprays mixed sweet peas, arranged for eftect — W. E. Reis (M. Grunert, Gr.), 1st. The Horticultural Society of New York Prizes: Twenty-five sprays, any pure white — Mrs. Robt. Winthrop. 1st, with Kiiig White; Mrs. W. B. Leeds, 2nd; Giraud Foster, 3rd. Twenty-five sprays, any crimson or scarlet — Mrs. Robt. Win- throp. 1st. Vermilion Brilliant; Mrs. W. B. Leeds, 2nd; Mrs. Moses Taylor, 3rd. Twenty-five sprays, any rose or carmine — Giraud Foster, 1st. with Geo. Herbert; Mrs. Moses Tavlor, 2nd; Paul M. Warburg, 3rd. Twenty-five sprays, any light pink — Mrs. W. B. Leeds, 1st, with Elfrida Pearson; Mrs. Robt. Winthrop, 2nd; Mrs. Moses Tay- lor, 3rd. Twenty-five spraj's, any deep pink — Mrs. W. B. Leeds, 1st, with Constance Oliver ; Mrs. Robt. Winthrop, 2nd : Mrs. Moses Tay- lor, 3rd. Twenty-live sprays, any blue — Mrs. W. B. Leeds, 1st, with lilue Jacket; (iiraud Foster, 2nd; Mrs. Robert Winthrop, 3rd. Twenty-livo sprays, any cerise — Daniel (t. Reid, Irvington, N. Y. (Arthur Golding, supt.), 1st, with John Ingman; J. D. Barron, Rye, N. Y. (J. Linane, Gr.), 2nd. Twenty-five sprays, any cream or cream yellow — Giraud Foster, 1st, with Primrose Beauty; Mrs. Robt. Winthrop, 2nd; Mrs. Moses Taylor. 3rd. Twenty-live sprays, any .salmon or orange — Mrs. Kdlit. Win- throp, 1st; Mrs. W. B. Leeds, 2nd; (iiraud Foster, 3rd. Twenty-five sprays, any lavender or mauve — Mrs. W. B. Leeds, 1st; Mrs. Robt. Winthrop, 2nd; (iiiraud Foster, 3rd. Twenty-five sprays, any violet or purple — Giraud Foster, 1st, with Purple Prince; Mrs. Robt. Winthrop, 2nd; J. M. Cooke, Tarrytown, N. Y.. 3rd. Twenty-live sprays, any I'icotce edged — A. A. Mason. 1st, witl« Elsie Herbcrf : Mrs. A. Crane. Stamfurd. Conn.. 2nd; Mrs. W. B. Leeds, 3rd. Twenty-live sprays, any striped or llaked red or rose — Mrs. W. B. Leed-, 1st. with -American Spencer; Giiaud Foster, 2nd; Mrs. Robt. Winthrop, 3rd. Twenty-live sprays, any striped or flaked blue or purple— Mrs. \A". B. Leeds, 1st, with Loyalty; Mrs. Moses Taylor, 2nd; Giraud Foster, 3rd. Twenty-five sprays, any bicolor other than Picotee-edged — Mrs. \\'. B. Leeds, 1st, with .Sirs. Cutlilicrtsou; Mrs. Robt. Winthrop, 2nd; Mrs. Moses Taylor, 3rd. Twenty-five sprays, any other color distinct from the almve — Girand Foster, 1st, with Senator Spencer; Mrs. Robt. Winthrop, 2)1(1; Mrs. Moses Taylor, 3rd. The F. R. Pierson Cup awarded to the exhibitor t;iking the most first prizes in section G— Mrs. W. B. Leeds. The Garden Magazine achievement medal awarded to the finest vase of sweet peas in section G — Mrs. W. B. Leeds. The following varieties were exhibited for the Boddington Challenge cup, 25 vases in 25 varieties; Alfrida Pierson, Lady Evelyn Eyre, Charles Foster, Empress Eugenie, Martha Wash- ington, Mrs. C. W. Breadmore, Prince George, Wm. Nubian, Queen of Norway, Dorothy Tennant. Wedgew'ood, Hercules. Thos. Cuth- bertson. Blue Jacket, Clara Carter, Mayd Holmes, Helen Lewis, Loyalty, King White, Rosabelle, Etta Dyke, America, Thos. Stevenson, Orchid and John Ingman. MRS. W. B. LEED'.S (WM. GRAY, GARDENER, NEWPORT, R. I.) COLLECTION OF 25 VASES IN 25 VARIETIES, WINNING THE BODDINGTON CHALLENGE CUP. THE CONVENTION. A fairly good attendance was present at the annual convention of the .Xmerican Sweet Pea Society, which was held on .Saturday afternoon of the annual flower show in the .Museum building. F. R. Pierson, president of the Horticultural Society of New York, welcomed the visitors, which was responded to by Vice-president Ar- thur M; Kirby, of the Sweet Pea Society. President William Sim spoke briefly on the progress of the sweet pea and the growing interest in its national society. The secretary, Harry A. Bunyard, in his report said: Right at this spot six years ago almost to a day, .July 7, 1909, The American Sweet Pea Society was born. At that time T said, "The Sweet Pea Society should be a success, must be a success." I leave it to you that at least we are on our way. if we take the trouble to look over the exhibits now shown here in this build- ing, perliaps the finest general exhibit of Sweet Peas ever shown in this country — if not in the world. Nearly sixty exhibitors and over 2000 vases of Sweet Peas besides table and other dec- orative features. 80 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. We have witli us today nearly all our cliarter members with perhaps one great exception, the gentleman who helped us to organize our -society when we needed all the moral support that could be brought to bear. I allude to tlie late Prof. John Craig, ■who was indeed a gentleman and a scholar and who organized our trial grounds at Cornell University and which today are under the efficient guidance of Prof. A. C. Beal. The following bulletins have been issued up to date; Xo. 319, '■WinterHowering Sweet Peas"; Xo. 32(1. "Culture of the Sweet Pea." and Xo. 342, "Classification of (iarden Varieties of the S\\eet Pea"; all of which have been sent to the horticultural press and to our members in good standing; today they are standard works. In the past ten j-ears, there have been great strides and ad- vancement made in the Sweet Pea. From the Granditlora type has evolved the Spencer type, the Winter-flowering Grandifloras and now the Winter-flowering Spencers. The American Sweet Pea Society has helped to advertise the Sweet Pea for us all and has helped to put it on the horticultural map. I want to thank the liorticultural press at this time however, for their unqualified support and for the gentlemen who are not only members, but who have given tlieir time and financial sup- port far beyond their obligations to tlie societ.y. We have today all told, about 20(1 members in good standing and 14 life members. Our financial condition is healthy; no big surplus, but money enough to take care of all obligations. Apart from the exhibition, we do not owe a penny and this is so far financed that we shall more than come out even ; through guar- iintees, donations and prizes generously ofl'ered by the trade and others. We have no paid officers. During tlie past si.x years we have lield nine exhibitions; six Summer and three Winter; two in X'ew York, under the auspices of the Horticultural Society of Xew York; two in Boston, under the auspices of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society; one in Philadeljjhia, under the auspices of the Pennsylvania Horticul- tural Society, and the three Winter exliibitions in co-operation with the S. A. F. and O. H. X^ational and other flower shows awarding dining that time nearly .*10,IM)(| in cash, (Mip*. medals and other prizes in kind. I am grateful for all our snpjiort, especially to the Horticul- tural Society of Xew York, the Massachusetts Horticultural So- ciety and the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society, who have lieen more than generous and courteous in the past. The future, too. is brighter today than ever for oiu- youthful and useful society, and in conclusion I might add tlie proi)hetic simile of the Rev. W. T. Hutchins, I "The Sweet Pea has a keel that was meant to seek all shores; it has wings that were meant to fly across all ■continents; it has a standard which is friendly to all nations; it has a fragrance like the universal Gospel; yea. a sweet prophecy of welcome everywhere that has . been abundantly fulfilled." HARRY" A. BUXn^\RD. F. G. Ciithbertson, of San Francisco, Cal, extended an invitation to the society to hold its 191. t convention in that city in connection with the Panama-Pacific Exposi- tion, The invitation was referred to the executive com- mittee. In the election of officers, which followed, Leslie L. Morse, of San Francisco, was elected president ; A. M. Kirby, re-elected vice-president ; Harry A. Bunyard, of New York, re-elected secretary ; Arthur T. Bodding:ton, of New York, re-elected treasurer; John H. Pepper, of New York, re-elected recording- secretary. William Sim was elected to the vacancy on the executive committee. Professor A. C. Beal made an interesting report on the society's trial grounds at Cornell University, which provoked considerable discussion of a favorable nature, in which Messrs. Boddington, Fuld and Kirby partici- pated. It was decided that these tests should be con- tinued. Mr. Cuthbertson followed with an interesting paper on "Sweet Peas — Past, Present and Future'" (ex- tracts of which will be found in another column of the Chronicle). The meeting then adjourned to attend a banquet of the judges at the Hotel Endicott, It was authoritatively stated that the success of the Sweet Pea show in New York this summer assures a similar show for New York City in 1915, THE BANQUET. The banquet was a very enjoyable af¥air. The menu was excellent and the speeches were brief and to the point, A. T. Boddington acting as toastmaster. The toasts and those who responded were as follows: The Horticultural Society of New York, T. R. Pierson ; the Judges, Geo. Kerr ; the American Sweet Pea Society and the Sweet Pea, Wm. Sim and Harry Bunyard ; the Panama-Pacific Internatiimal Exposition, Frank G. Cuthbertson ; the New ^'ork Florists' Club, Jos. A. Alanda ; the Wholesale Grower, A. Herrington ; the Re- tail Florist, G. E. M, Stumpp ; the Gardener, W. Angus ; the Amateur. J. W. Everett ; the Seedsman, A. AI. Kir- by; the Press, J. Harrison Dick; the Ladies, J. H. Pepper. Those present were: William Sim, F. R. Pierson, G. E. M. Stumpp, Jos. A. Manda, Robert Koehne, Samuel Burnett, Harry Turner. J. H. Dick, W. H. Waite, Frank G. Cuthbertson. John Canning, Percy E. Hicks, Wm. (7iray, A. F, Faulkner, W. Angu=, C. Knight, Geo. Kerr, 1. Carman, ]. S. Lvnes, C. W, Ashmead, J. Austin Shaw, J. H. Pepper, Harry Bunyard, A, G. Calkin, J, W. Everett, Philip Freud, Fred Michell, Jr., A. Watkins, .\. M. Kirbv and Superintendent Foulk. PRELIMINARY SCHEDULE. American Gladiolus Society Annual Exhibition, Boston, Mass., August i8, 19 and 20, 1914. OPEX CLASS. Vaughan's Seed Store — $10, best 25 spikes Gladiolus Mrs. Francis King; Vaughan Silver Medal, best 25 spikes Chicago White; $5, best 25 t)looms Vaughan's Xew Primulinus Sunbeam. E. E. Stewart — $5, best 12 spikes of Black Beauty; $5, best 12 si)ikes of Golden Queen; $5, best 12 spikes of Lucille; $5, best 12 spikes of Michigan. \\'. E. Fryer— $5, best 6 spikes Gladiolus Mrs. W. E. Fryer. T. A. Haveme.ver — $10, best 6 spikes wdiite; $10. best 6 spikes pink or shades of pink; $1U. best 6 spikes yellow; $10, best 6 spikes blue or lavender; $10, best 6 spikes red or shades of red; .$10. best G spikes or an}' other ccdor. (In judging, the following points are to be taken into considera- tion; color, as clear as possible: size, large and well expanded bloom: spike, strong with flowers evenly set.) \A'. Atlee Burpee & Co. — $10. best collection 10 varieties 6 spikes each. H. W. Koerner — $.5. best 12 spikes American Wonder; $5, best 12 spikes Twilight Chief; $5. best 12 spikes American Giant. Jacob Thomann & Sons — $5, best 25 spikes of any white variety. ilontague Chandjerlain — $10. best white seedling 3 spikes; $10. best yellow seedling 3 spikes; $10, best pink seedling 3 spikes. GARDEXERS' CLASS. John Lewis Childs — For collection 10 vases Gladiolus Childsi named varieties, $10 first prize, .$5 second prize. H. W. Koerner — .$5, best 12 spikes American Wonder; .$5, best 12 spikes Twilight Chief; $5, best 12 spikes American Giant. Ivnight & Struck Co. — For Vase containing 3 spikes Gladiolus Mrs. Frank Pendleton, $3 first prize, .$2 second prize; for vase containing 3 spikes Gladiolus Badenia, $3 fir.st prize, -$2 second prize. "The Modern Gladiolus Grower" — Silver Cup valued at $15. For largest and best display of mixed and named varieties, to contain at least 6 named varieties, correctly labeled. Three spikes each. Jacob Thomann & Sons — .$5, best 3 spikes of any white variety. L. Merton Gage — $5, best vase of 10 varieties, one spike each. G. D. Black — 60 bulbs Golden King. Best vase of yellow varieties. American Gladiolus .Society — Best exhibit of at least 15 varieties 3 spike* each, correctly labeled. Silver Medal first ))rize; Bronze Medal second prize. OPPORTUNITY. To each man's life there comes a time supreme; One day, one night, one morning or one noon. One freighted hour, one moment opportune. One rift through which sublime fulfilments gleam. Ah, happy he who, knowing how to wait. Knows also how to watch and work and wait. On life's broad deck alert, and at the prow To seize the passing moment, big with fate. From opportimity's extended hand. When the great clock of destiny strikes Xow! — Selected. The White House Gardens, Washington, D. C. The illustrations jliown are repruductitm^ of recent photographs of the White House (lardens, adjoining the Chief Executive's mansion, at Washington. 1). C. The gardens located south of the White House, which were known as the colonial gardens of Mrs. Roosevelt, were originally designed and jilanted by the late Geo. H. Brown, landscape gardener of the office of public build- ings and grounds. These gardens were entirely re- modeled last Fall and are divided into two sections — known as the east and west gardens. Miss Beatrice Jones, lanscape architect, prepared the plans for the remodeled east garden. It called for material which was not available, so after consultation with Mrs. Wil- son it was decided to substitute some of the evergreens and hedges called for but not to interfere with the .gen- eral outline of the plans. The planting of the herbaceous borders and the four panel beds was personally supervised over by Mrs. Wil- son, whose excellent taste for blending colors was fully demonstrated by the >plendid results produced at the time the photographs here shown were taken. Some of the evergreens and shrubs used in the east garden are [uni|ieru,~ X'irginiana glauca, RoUinson's aijorvitae. Osinanthus. iilicifolius, Euorymus japonica, Kalniics, Althea and Roca sete.gera. The herbaceous jilants used were Hollyhocks, Foxglox-es, Phloxes, Anemones, Lu- pens Coreopsis, Seanthus. Wallflowers. Lilium Cande- dum, Iberes, Sweet Al\ssum, Peonies, M\osotes Elnglish Daisies, Pansies. Japanese and German Iris. The plan for the west garden was prepared by (Seorge I'.urnap, landscape architect of the office of Public Build- ings and (jrounds L)ei)artment, and it will be seen that the design is entirely different from that of the east gar- den, it being Mrs. Wilson's desire to avoid similarity. In the background of the photograph reproduced of the west garden n\ the State. War and Navy Departments can be seen and immediately in front of it is the president's office building. On the right hand side between the hedge and corridor is a walk leading directh- to tlie president's office. The archwa\'s are of pri\ct with a row on eitiier side of standard roses. Look- ing west are two \ery fine Irish yews, between which is to be placed a statue with .i background of ivy. The lattice work is ])lanted with climbing roses which, when they reach the pergola, will be |)ermitted to hang over. Some of the varieties of roses planted in this garden are Killarneys. .\ntoine Revoire. Duchess de Brabant and Lady Hillington. The effect ])roduced when these roses were in full bloom was a beautiful one and brought forth a .great deal of favorable comment from visitors to the garden. Mrs. Wilson also supervised the ]ilant- ing of this garden, and, as in the other garden, her re- fined taste is very much in evidence. The construction work in the remodeling of these gar- dens was under the immediate direction of Colonel W. W . Harts, the engineer officer in charge of public build- ings and grounds, who combines with his engineering ability quite a taste for the beautiful. .Mrs. Wilson's interest is by no means confined to the outside gardens, for she is equally as fond of the green- houses as she is of the outside plantings. During her spart moments she never misses an opportunity to pay them a visit. Her favorite flowers are the roseS' — Sun- burst. Radiance. American Beauty, and the Killarneys. Enchantress is her favorite carnation, and these are grown in abundance in the White House greenhouses. Tropical flowering and folia.ge pla'nts are also grown in these houses in large quantities to sujiply the interior decorations of the Executive Mansion. The gardens and greenhouses are in charge of Head Gardener Charles Henlock. Mr, Henlock has been eni- ])loyed (Ml the White House grounds for nearly a quarter of a century. For twenty years he was under the late George H. Brown, but for the last five years has had entire charge of the White House park, greenhouses and gardens. He came direct to Washington from Eng- land where he was previously employed under the late .\rchibald Barron, superintendent of the Royal Horticul- tural Society '.s gardens at Chiswick. Mr. Henlock's ability is well exemplified in the perfect upkeep of the White House grounds and the excellent stock which is produced in the greenhouses. A VIEW OF THE WES i.XKDEN. WHITE HOUSE GROUNDS, .SHOWIXr, THE PRESIDEXT'S OFl'lCE IN FORECROUNn. ST.\TE, W.\K AND NAVY DEPARTMENT BUII.DING IN BACKGROUND. H U Q td tn O Z en H O t. < O Z H O o z 3 < J z w « < u S < en H Z [4 Q w 0. THE EAST (.AUni-.N, WHITE HOUSE GKuU.XUS, WASHINGTON, D. C, IN WHICH MRS. WILSON MANIFESTS A KEEN PERSONAL INTEREST AND PERSONALLY SUPERVISED THE PLANTINC. A DISTANT \-IEW OF THE EAST GARDEN, WHITE HOUSE GROIWD.-.. WASHINGTON. D. C, SIHJWINC THE I!UII.DlNc;S OF VARIOUS DEPARTMENTS IN BACKGROUND. 84 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. MARTIN C. EBEL, Managing Editor. Published by CHRONICLE PRESS M. E. MAYNARD, President. A. A. FAY, Sec'y. Office of Publication 1 Montgomery Street, Jersey City, N. J. New York Office 236 WILLIAM STREET. NEW YORK CITY. Single Copies, 10 Cent Subscripbon Price, 12 Months, $1.00 Foreign, $1.50 Entered as second class matter February 18, 1905, at the Post Office at Jersey City, N. J., under Act of Congress of March 3, 1879. Published on the 15th of each month. Advertising forms close on the 10th preceding publication. For information regarding advertising rates, etc., address Adyertising Department, Gakdeneks' Chronicle, Madison, N. J. ADOPTED AS THE OFFICIAL ORGAN OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF GARDENERS President, Vice-President, Treasurer, WM. H. WAITE, J. W. EVERETT, JAMES STUART, Yonkers, N. Y. Glen Cove, N. Y. Mamaroneck, N. Y. Secretary, MARTIN C. EBEL, Madison. N. J. TRUSTEES FOR 1914. Peter Duff, Orange. N. J.; William Kleinheini, Ogontx, Pa.; William Duckham, Madison, N. J.; .-Mexander MacKenzie, Highland Falls, N. Y.; John H. Dodds, Wyncote, Pa. DIRECTORS. To serre until 1915 — John Shore, Harrison, N. Y.; Thomas Proctor, Lenox, Mass.; William .N. Craig, Brookline, Mass.; Frank E. Witney, Fishkill, N. Y. ; Robert Williamson, Greenwich, Conn.; F. Kirk, Bar Harbor, Me.; James Bell, New York, N. Y. To serve until 1916— Thomas W. Logan, Jenkintown, Pa.; John F. Huss, Hartford, Conn.; Jas. MacMachan, Tuxedo Park, N. Y.; A. Bauer, Deal Beach, N. J.; John W. Jones, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Alexander McPherson, Washington, D. C; James C. Shield. Monticello, III. To serve until 1917— A. J. Smith, Lake Geneva, Wis.; Theodore Wirth, Minneapolis, Minn.; Wm. Hetrick, San Gabriel, Cal.; Robert Angus, Tarrytown, N. Y. ; Robert Bottomley, New Canaan, Conn.; Alex. Fraser, Newport, R. I.; Arthur Smith, Reading, Pa. Vol. XYUl. JULY, 1914. No. Elsewhere in these columns we print several communi- cations from young men of the gardening profession. They are of the kind that express the right spirit ; the sort that will lead to success if the writers will follow the thoughts they are sending forth. "A Young Mem- ber" advises well when he says that the young men must not conceal within themselves what their capaliilities are, hut must seek opportunity where others can learn of them. We are reminded of a message received from a professor of one of the leading agricultural colleges, fol- lowing his visit to the Xew York Flower Show, in which he expressed gratification over having had the pleasure "to meet such prominent horticulturists as Waite, Totty, Turner. Duckham and Herrington,"' of whom he had heard and read so much about. Xone of the men men- tioned will claim to have accomplished more in his profession than many other men are acconijjlishing. but they possess the wisdom to "let their light so sliine be- fore men that they may see their good works." When opportunity presented itself they were ever ready and willing to display their ability and did not hesitate to reveal to others the knowledge they possessed, which made them prominent in their profession and gained a reputation for them as leaders in horticulture. There are many gardeners who have had, and still have ec|ual opportunity for prominence in their profession, but who persist in hiding within themselves. The sentiment expressed by "Assistant Gardener" voices our own sentiments, which we have not hesitated to express from time to time in these columns. We have met many young men who would prefer the position of head gardener on a small place at poor pay, and where their chances to gain more than the limited knowledge they already possess of their profession is nil, to that of a well paid assistant's position on a complete private estate where every opportunity presents itself for better education. They seek their title early, but in time must join the ranks of the so-called gardeners, for when opportunity sought them they failed to grasp it. We believe the experience of Frederick Liston is not a common one. Such places as he refers to do not really want real gardeners, but garden laborers. There is no way to regulate such comlitions, as is suggested bv him, for the man who buys service and material has the mak- ing of his terms: it is left to the seller to accept or reject as he sees fit. ( )ne of the well-known llritish firms of seed growers is capitalizing the fact, in a pamphlet which is being cir- cularized world wide, that its share of the order for the U. S. Congressional free seed distribution this year amounted to no less than forty-four tons and that orders for the free seeds went to four other English, French and Dutch seed growers. We can hardly conceive why this wasteful appropria- tion of many millions of dollars should be permitted to find its way abroad, and why, if Congress will insist on continuing this much abused free seed practice, a stipula- tion is not included in the appropriation that the money is to l)e expended for .\merican grown seeds only. Though Congress may persist in being wasteful with public funds it should at least remain patriotic. Or is it that the .Vmerican seed growers have refused to become a party to this graft of pulilic funds — it is nothing more — to serve congressmen whose constituents will stoop to accept the favor of a few packets of seeds in return for their support at the polls. The farce of it all is that the farmer is being burdened with governmental bulle- tins instructing him how to part with his money, but when Congress has the opportunity to turn some his way it ships it abroad to be distributed among European farmers. PRESAGE OF WOE. My mood is most gloomy and sober. Though joyously fair is the sky ; I pine for the frosts of October, And this is Jul\-. Green-rimmed by its tapering rushes The little brook gurgles along : The willow copse peopled with thrushes Is vibrant with song. XN'ith nature thus voicing its gladness, With all its sweet features aglow, 'Twere really the acme of madness To prophesy woe. xA.nd yet I have cause to be glooming. Ay ! very grave cause to be blue : Toda)' I found rag-weed a-blooming — My hay-fever's due ! ^ly mood is decidedly sober ; The terrors of -\ugust are nigh ; I pine for the frosts of October, And this is July — Selected. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 85 NATIONAL ASSOCIATION NOTES M. C. EBEL, Secretary. MADISON, N. J. DOINGS OF THE COOPERATIVE COMMITTEE The Xatiunal C<_Miperati\e C < Jinniittcc wliich is to operate in conjunction with the cooperative committees api)ointed by the local societies, expects to have its plan completed by the early fall and be prepared to send out its first communication at that time setting forth what its contemplated plan of action is. It will indicate how the local committees can aid the cooperative nio\'cment. THE SUMMER MEETING. John Young, secretary of the S. A. F., in charge of arrangements of the meetings at the S. A. F. conven- tion, has appointed Wednesday morning, August 19. as our meeting time in the convention hall. Full particulars of the meeting and its program will be published in the August issue of the Chronicle, which will be issued in advance of the convention. As reported in the June issue, several able speakers have expressed their will- ingness to appear at the meeting to address it on sub- jects interesting to the gardening profession. THE NEW YORK TO BOSTON TRIP. -Members contemplating making the trip from New- York to Boston via the outside route of steamers, which land direct in Boston, should lose no time in communi- cating with the secretary to reserve their accommoda- tions. The fare from New York to Boston is four dollars. Outside stateroom two dollars. Inside state- room one dollar. Staterooms contain two berths each. The Copley Square Hotel will Ije the official head- quarters of the X. A. (].. and accommodations may be reserved there b\' applying before the convention. The rates are as follows: Single room without bath, $1.50 per day; larger outside room, $2; cnurt room, with pri- vate bath. $2 a day ; outside room, with private bath, $3 a day. The above rates are for one person ; $1 addi- tional per day will be charged for two persons occupy- ing one room. Reservations may be made either through the secretary or by ajjplying direct to the hotel, men- tioning the N. A. (i. in making reservations to obtain above favorable rates. THE ASSOCIATION'S BY-LAWS FOR DIS- TRIBUTION. Notice is again given that the Constitution and By- Laws of the association have been printed in book form for distribution among any of its members who may desire to obtain a copy of the same. A request to the secretary's otifice for a copy will receive prompt atten- tion, and a copy of the By-Laws will be forwarded to any member who may apply for one. A TIMELY SUGGESTION. I would like to make a suggestion to you, which your speech at Lake Geneva brought to me. You said that you specially wanted to get the young gardeners inter- ested in the National Association of Gardeners. I was thinking that it would be something of an inducement if you were to have an annual essa)' competition, or some- thing similar, for young gardeners who never have had a head gardener's place, and who are members of the association. If certificates were awarded. I am sure that the luck\- reci])ients would Ijc very proud of them, and the ones who were less fortunate would try harder the next time. I would be pleased if you would bring this before the next meeting of the N. A. G. to see if they would approve of it. Hoping that you will give this your consideration. Lake Genev.mti-:. Lake Geneva, Wis. The foregoing communication will be referred to the National Cooperative Committee of the National Asso- ciation of Gardeners, which is empowered to act on such matters. The writer may rest assured that his sugges- tion will receive favorable consideration. AMONG THE GARDENERS .Samuel Balchelor, for the past twelve years gardener at Crosswicks Farms, Jenkintown, Pa., of which Thomas W. Logan is superintendent, has secured the position of manager of "Tahoma," the estate of Frank C. Little- ton, Mamaroneck, N. Y. * * * Peter Duff, superintendent of "Brighthurst," Orange, N. J., sailed for .Scotland on July 4. It is expected that Mr. Dufif will be home again in time for the summer meeting of the N. A. (.;.. of which he is a trustee. * * * It has just become noised about that Stanley Candler, superintendent of the W. B. Thompson estate, Yonkers, N. \'.. took the marriage vow early in June — fuller par- ticulars are lacking, but congratulations are in order. * * * \\''alter Miller recently accepted the position of head gardener on the estate of Dr. Williams, Prospect street, Hartford, Conn. Mr. Miller was previously engaged on the commercial establishment of A. N. Pierson, Inc., Cromwell, Conn. \\'. C. Rust, superintendent of the Weld Estate, Pirookline, Mass., has the sympathy of his many gar- dening friends over the death of his father, Robert Rust, who was a well-known gardener in Scotland. * * * .Arthur I Icrrington, of Madison, N. J., has been ap- pointed manager of the August show to be held in New- port, R. I., under the auspices of the Newport (harden Club and Horticultural Society. * * * John Dodds, superintendent of Lindenluu'st. the Wanamakcr estate, ^^'ync(llc, Pa., sails on the -S. -S. Celtic. July 23, for a six weeks' vacation to England and Scotland, accompanied li}- his daughter. Miss Mary Dodds. Mr. Dodds e.xpecls to visit some of the large estates in England and Scotland on his trip. SUMMER MEETING National Association of Gardeners, Boston, Mass., August 19, 1914 86 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. A SPIRIT WORTHY OF ENCOURAGEMENT. INIuch has been said and written comparing the stand- ard of efficiency of present-dav young gardeners with those of past generations. The young gardeners of to- day are too often the subject of unjust and biased criti- cism by members of the old school, but most assuredly the high standard to which gardening has now attained has been, and still is, being wrought by the alert, keenly interested and industrious young men of the profession equally as much, if not more, than by the old-timers. The whole basis of horticulture has developed until now we have gardening schemes that were never dreamt of twenty or thirty years ago. This being so, is it not true that in order to become thoroughly proficient a young gardener has nowadays a more complex problem to deal with than was hitherto the case? Gardening of today demands of a man a keener in- tellect, untiring industry and uniform courtesy, as well as a knowledge of science, since he is e.xpected to know the chemical constituents of the various fertilizers, in- secticides and fungicides which he handles, to say noth- ing of the engineering side of things. How often nowadays are gardeners called upon to superintend electric light plants, pumping engines, and so forth? To mv mind this adverse criticism to which we all are too frequently subject is due to the fact that we ourselves are reluctant in giving publicity to our own convictions. Surely those of us who have a sufficient love for our calling to become members of the National Association, and readers of the official organ, could, if only we tried, make the paper even more interesting for one another by an occasional contribution to its pages. We could scarcely hope to enlighten the old-time war- riors, farther than letting them see that we were right on the path of fitting ourselves to become their worthy successors bv aiming at something higher than a mere struggle for an existence to be gained from the land we cultivate. The daily charm which our environment affords at different seasons of the year would cease were it possible to maintain a sameness of things the year round. To the enthusiast each change of season brings its own peculiar enchantment, and lovers of horticulture ought to be grateful that the year and the human heart have room for changes. To what end. then, would this aptitude for acquiring a literary talent lead us? Surely to a wider conception as to future requirements of the gardening art and a fresh interest in life, besides its being a stimulus to our daily work. Men who live entirely within their own little sphere in time become narrow of perception, and the humdrum of their daily toil proves burdensome, even though they themselves might be physically fit. Most of us can do our share of the actual work, but when ar- rangements for future months and, indeed, some times years, come under consideration, we shall feel the bene- fit to be gleaned at this time from a careful and frequent exercise of our own minds, and the more scope we allow ourselves in this direction the better equipped shall we be to take the place of those who are wont to criticise our feeble yet earnest efforts. "A Young Member." Southampton, N. Y. soliool liave liecn lookiiijj on nml like the young rooster, would like to try a hand a-crowing now tliat the old ones are through, or apparentlj- so. So we beg to be allowed to set forth our views as one who is working in the ranks of assistant gardeners and therefore able to bear the trend of feeling in tliat direction. The desire of most persons who enter gardening is to get to the top, and that as soon as possible. So should it be; but there is one very iin[iortant faetor which many seem to overlook. "'Will I be competent to hold a job and can I give results that would reflect credit upan the profession to which I belong?" is a thought that occurs to a very small percentage. The fact that a man has worked as assistant for fifteen years, or that he is thirty years old next birthday, does not make him a competent gardener any more than because he can run a gi'eenhouse satisfactorily he can also manage an estate. Another thing that is responsible for inefficiency among gardeners is tliat as soon as a young man enters the business lie wants a job in the "houses" so as to be steady, and no attention whatever is paid to the outdoor branches of the work once he has started to pull weeds out of the benches and scrub the walks. Furthermore, there are some in our ranks who have had a limited experience in more than one branch of the art, and who do think they are fully equipped for the many duties that devolve upon the real gardener. A sliort time ago we read in a well known trade paper an ad- vertisement something like this; "WAXTED — Situation as Head Gardener or Superintend- ent on gentleman's country estate. Life experience in all branches of horticulture. First-class references. Age 23." Comment is needless, but this serves to show that some who enter the profession think it can be learned in a very short time. Fifteen years seems a long time to put in before one becomes a competent gardener, but many of our best men put in all that and some more before they get out on their own book, and they undoubtedly did a good deal of private study on subjects which are side issues so far as gardening itself is concerned, but which, nevertheless, are indispensable in the management of a country estate. The moral of all this is that there are too many "neg- lected opportunities" amongst tlie raw material from which the estate manager is recruited or should be recruited. After many of us have neglected our opportunities we become restless and dissatisfied and determine to start out for ourselves. A place turns up. and there are others like us who feel the same way, but there is the determination to have the job at even .$.50, so on goes the price-cutting until the poor fellow has succeeded in per- suading himself that he has at last made his mark and the em- ployer deluded into believing that he has engaged the services of a competent man at low water rates. The fact that such methods are resorted to needs only the evi- dence of the men who hold sucli low priced jobs and who, as Mr. Smith says, are only too well paid. These same men when they were assistants would have refused .a place which would have afl"orded them a wide and useful field of experience if the wages were not at least $!i per month more than they had in the pre- vious place. So again we have to admit that as assistants we prefer wages to knowledge and experience. In Europe it is quite the custom to sacrifice wages to get to a place that has a reputation; in fact, to the British jonrnev'man gardener, wages are a secondary consideration. Hence the success of the British gardener. In conclusion we want to say to Mr. Watson that we believe that the cause of low wages is incompetent gardeners, who have only themselves to blame for their incompetence. AVe believe, however, that there is some good old stuff among the boys yet, and, like many of our bosses, we only want a little encourage- ment and credit where it is due. to help us along, and we are prepared to listen, too — at least some of us. An AS.SISTANT. The above communications convey the right tone in them. They should be carefull}' read by the young men of the profession and the suggestions contained in them carefully pondered over. We know "A Young Member" and would like "An Assistant" to make himself known to us. We enjoy cultivating the acquaintance of young gardeners of the type which these writers e.xpress. — Editor. REASON OF CHEAP GARDENERS. From Horticulture. While Mr. Watson has been breaking a lance with the secre- tary of the N. A. 0. respecting the merits and demerits of the aims and objects of that organization, some of the younger A GARDENER'S GRIEVANCES. December 19, 1913. Mr. M. C. Ebel, Sec. N. A. G. Dear Sir: In your report at the annual convention at New York City, you invite suggestions from members for the benefit of the gardening profession. I should like to know, as one of the many in the profession who arc desirous of the same informa- tion, and who would register in the ranks of the N. A. G.: "What THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 87 are the objects and benelits of tile National Association of Car- denersV" Every trade and professional society issues a copy of its constitutional by-laws to its mendiers; this is the only so- ciety that I know o"f that does not supply this want. I "find there are a large number of employees who are either ignorant, selfish or apathetic to the conditions and re(|uirements of a gardener. Some of these I have had to contend with, others are from personal nl)servation. and I have noticed that it is mostly the strangers who arrive in tlii^ country who are dumped into these so-called positions. An emjiloyer expects a conscien- tious service from the gardener and in return he gives an un- sanitary damp old shack; some are infested with vermin, some are situated in the environment of a large number of dogs, with the incessant howling at night and day, or accommodation in a pump house where the vibrating noise also creates another kind of rnusic. Others defer paying their wages for two or three months. Some require all kinds of |daiits and vegetables gi'own in one small greenliouse, another will tcdl ytm that you have a few men under you, but the employer invariably instructs them what to do, and "the employer being ignorant in the practical routine and metliods of working, induces antagonism between the em- ployer and the gardener. These are only a few causes and condi- tions prevalent in this country, where a large number of em- ployers merely 'monkey" with comjietent men. If, then, an association is formed for gardeners, it will have to be a protective society and assist in promoting their interest, dignity and the co-operation of its members, as well as educating the employers what a gardener should do and receive. Yours trulv. FREDERICK LISTON. Decembeu 2!), 1913. Mr. Martin C. Ebel, Secretary, N. A. G. I respectfully tliank >ou for your reply to my letter of the inth inst. and I should fully appreciate it if you publish it in the CliRONK LE, as it may be the means of iiroducing a ventilation on the conditions prevalent in this country amongst the profession of gardeners. I am glad to hear the association's object is to elevate the profession of gardening, but until I receive a copy of the rules and constitutional by-laws of the N. A. G., I shall have to reserve my opinion as to the merits or demerits likely to be accomplished through the efforts of the organization. In reference to your question, viz.: "Whether conditions are really much worse here than they are in the European countries? If so. why do so many young men of the gardening profession leave their home country' to seek opportunities here?" In the first place, I can only speak (Ui conditions prevalent in Great Britain. Now, sir, having tested both, T have no hesitation in saying that the working arrangements and conditions in that comitry are better than those prevailing here, although I admit this has only been brought about during recent years, thanks to the energetic eft'orts of tlie gardeners' association there, which not only jn-otects and jiromotes the interest of the pro- fession, but aKo extends a cordial co-o|ieration with employers, and Iiy a mutual luiderstanding persuades them to give reason- able working conditions ami .compensation for competent service. In the second place, "the reason so many do not return to their home country" is owing to the congested state of the employ- ment market, the number of acres of land which has ceased to be cultivated; consequently the law of siqqily and demand has afTccted the gardener as much as any oiu'. togctlu-r with political and plutocratic njiprcssion and ostracism, are the chief, amongst other causes, why young men do not return. If England received the same amount of sun as this country, it would be an ideal Garden of Eden. In this country of England over 1,000.000 acres of land have gone out of cultivation during the last 3.5 years This has caused a large influx of cheap farm haiuis to invade the ranks of gardeners. I am aware that wages here are more than double those of the home country, but the privileges are nil when you compare the two. and very often a wife's services have to be included in the w'ages here as a caretaker, cook, butter maker, look after (diickens and dogs, for the salary of .$.')0, accommodation and 2 quarts of "skim" milk. I am aware that the employer who "pays the piper can demand the tune"; just so, and the piper who plays the tune can demand his payment. A conscientious and considerate employer woidd not hesitate to meet that demand. .\n employer is expected to give proper and respectful orders before he can expect to receive proper service, combineil with the sani(> courtesy and conscientious worknian-^hip; an employer who is an overbearing boss and desires to show his rule because of his "greenbacks" is invariably not worth the consideration of a gardener. I am aware no associa- tion can dictate to employers on lielialf of gardeners, but it can and should use, throurh its members, persuasive measures to ameliorate and adjust their grievances by an amicable concert. You say. "A man that can afTord the luxury of a gardener, etc," I take issue with you that a gardener is a luxury — a gardener is as much a necessary as a doctor, lawyer, teacher or a farniei-, for he belongs to the productive class of workers and therefore is u producer. Why don't you form branch associations in every State so that gardeners would have a meeting place to discuss these vital questions and also be able to receive a delegate from headquarters occasionally? I think this would be a good way of co-o|)eration and more economical for the members, as they could rcacli the meeting in half a day, say, every two weeks. Another i)oint I would like to urge, viz., free advertising in the Chuo.mcle for a position when out of employment, and if addressed at the office the members to pay postage only. It would also be interesting to the members to have recorded in the Chbonrxe the details of the Executive meetings. In conclusion I shall appreciate the publication of both my letters in the Chronicle if you have space at your disposal. FREDERICK LISTON. The above correspondence is jiublished at this late date at the wish of the author, who feels that the chronicling of his views on gardening conditions in this country may aid to eliminate some of the unpleasant surroundings he has encountered. From my own observations I am afraid that his experience is an e.xcejitioiial one and not the rule. There is only one solution to the problem what one should do when he encounters such an ex-- perience. and, that is, to seek a better opportunity and seize it when it i)resents itself. There is no law that binds one to an unsatisfactory employer or position. I am not personally familiar with conditions that' govern gardeners abroad, but from what I have gathered among many gardeners, the relative conditions here and abroad being a subject of discussion which comes up frequentlv among them, it appears to me that the gardener in this coun'try has much the best of it, both respecting the salary paid to hini and his siirronndings. M. C. EBEL, Sec'y N, A. G. WHAT CAN YOU DO? This old world hasn't tinre to stop That it may learn your name ; It doesn't care a rap about Your blue blood or your farne ; The only thino this old world cares .■\bout concerning you Is simply this one thing, to wit : "Well, Sir, what can you do?" So don't waste time in hunting up A useless pedi.gree : And don't bewail the fact that you Are not an LL.D. But when the old world stops to ask : "Well, Sir, what can you do?" Just roll your sleeves up elbow high And say, "Well, I'll .show you!" — Columbus (Ohio) State Jounial. "While you're standing looking over the fence to see how your neighbor's morals are stunted in growth, you had better be getting a hoe and chopping some of the weeds out of vour own." APPLICATION FOR MEMBERSHIP National Association of Gardeners I hereby apply for Membership in your Association : — N^me in fall Occupation Address — Date Reference ForTuard Appliation to M. C, EBEL. Secretary, Madison, N. J., oard ; response. President H. S. Rich- ards. 02 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. QUERIES and ANSWERS ll'c believe the greatest good can be accomplished for the greatest number, by instituting a query column; or an exchange of expe- riences, on practical propositions, by our readers. You are invited to contribute questions, and answer others. Bach question as received will be given a number, the question- er's name will not be published, but the source of the answer will be giz'en unless otherwise requested. IVe all have something we would like to know more about. Here is your opportunity to ascertain somebody's experience in just that matter. Nothing will tend to better fellowship than helping each other. Take advantage of this "Question Box." I would like to ask some of your readers which varie- ties of trained peach trees are the best to grow on walls outside; also can nectarines be grown that way and finished good? Are the English varieties of peaches and nectarines, the same as we force in the greenhouse, all right for that purpose? — H. Regarding- the question asked in your June number about peaches and nectarines for outside growing, we have the following varieties, growing outside, trained on a wall — Thomas Rivers, Diamond, Dr. Hogg, Royal George, Crimson Galande, Hales Early and Crawford's Early. They have fruited splendidly every year until the present, but last winter being so cold, all the fruit buds were killed, not only on these trees but on all the peach trees around this part of the country. We put a burlap curtain hung on wires in front of them in tlie early spring, more as a protection against late frosts, when they are in bloom, than any winter pro- tection. We slide these curtains along- during the day and tie then-i between every second tree. We were told when we planted them we would never get a peach on account of the hot weather in the summer, but we have not had any trouble that way so far, and they make splendid growth during the summer. Regarding the nectarines : we have a tree of Rivers oranges, growing- well on a wall. C. G.\ttrell, Xewburyport, Mass. I have some Costess blue spruce, about ten feet high. From midway up they do not spread out in what some people would call in proportion. What is the best way to develop them — pinching in the tops of all side branches, or cutting out, say eighteen inches of the leads? — J. J. O. Mass. Keplying to question about regaming symmetry in Blue Spruce. In July pinch back about half way, the lateral leaders of the current year's growth, from the lower half of the tree, leaving- those of the upper half practically untouched. Continue this for a season or two until the tree regains its symn-ietry. Then the upper half can be pinched back or sun-imer pruned, as this process is often called, to encourage thickening. It will take two or three years to accomplish what is desired. As a rule it is not wise to prune back the central leaders unless it is very vigorous, when it can be pinched back to encourage lateral shoots to burst out. Give the trees a good mulcl-iing of well decayed manure. Following transplanting, there is occasionallv a lack of symmetry, but in tin-ie, under good care, tliis will be regained. — J. F. J. The Service Bureau National Association of Gardeners Is maintained for the purpose of providing opportunities for efficient and ambitious men engaged in the profession of gardening. This department of the Association is at the disposal of those who may require the services of capable superintendents, gardeners or assistant gardeners. Address M. C. EBEL, Sec'y, National Association of Gardeners, Madison, N. J. Tree Owners cind Tree Lovers Will find mHich to interest and instruct in the NEW ILLUSTRATED MAGAZINE "TREE TALK" Devoted to Ari'oriculture and Forestry. All about the planting, care and treatment of trees and shrubs. Accurate information about pruning, spraying aJid tree surgery. Send Fifty cents for a full year's subscription to "Tree Talk." Sample copies free on receipt of 2 cent stamp to cover postage. Published quarterly by THE FROST & BARTLETT COMPANY 26 Cortlandt St. (Suite 212) NEW YORK kHiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiu!uaiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii!ii[iiiiiiiti!iiiiiii[iiiiiiiitn I ORNAMENTAL IRON WORK | I For Lawns and Gardens. | I Chas. C. Force & Son, | I LET US ESTIM.iiTE ON YOUR WANTS. ' j i Madison Iron Works, Madison, N. J. | MOONS 450 acres in Trees and Shrubs — over 2.200 kinds to chooae from. These are grown wide apart, and In consequence develop Into sturdy, well formed specimens so much desired for estate, street, and park use. Send for catalog. THE WM. H. MOON CO.. Morrisville, Pa. Philadelphia Office: S. 12th St. HILL'S EVERGREENS Send for Price-list. Uention this magaxln*. D. HILL NURSERY CO. Evergreen Specialists, TkvtrkH^^ fll Largest Growers in America, B.i 305 *^\»n«iee, AAA. giiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiliiiiiiiiiiliiililliliiiillimniiiiiiiiiiliilliilllilililililiiiiii [uii:iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii[!iiiiiiiiiiiii!iiiiiiiiiiiwiiiiiiiin^^ iFALL BULBSl = Ftiiy your sii[t|ily .liri- t fii.iii the iar;;est importers of = § Tuii[)s. Il> aon at tliis time. Two new hardy nyuipheas witc noted in the display, namely, X. Kscarboucle and N. Attraction, and botli are very tine varieties and weleonie additions to the al- ready long list of tills class. A noteworthy featnre of the exhibition was a collection of 18 varieties of Spencer type sweet peas from John 1. Downey, Portchester, N. Y. (Thos. Kyan, gardener), who was awarded a certificate of merit for the exhibit. A very fine exhibit of Sweet William was exhibited by Wm. Shillaker, Essex Falls, N. J. (J. P. Soreiison, gardener). This old- time flower is always popidar. and may be enjoyed by the rich and poor alike. A cultnral certificate was awarded the display. The class for floral decoration of a din- ner table, seating eiglit persons, was a charming feature of the show. The first prize was awarded to Joseph Lovie. Mamaroneck, N. Y., for a very dainty and artistically arranged combination of sweet peas and adiantnm foliage: second prize being an-arded to Fred Lagerstam, of Greenwich. Conn., for an arrangement of rambler roses, and tlic third prize was car- ried ofl' by a clever arrangement of deutzia candidissima nsed in combination with Henchera Sangnnia. by .Tames Linane, Rye. N. Y. All the tables were well arranged and showed very plainly the gardeners' ability to do decorative work in connection with his calling. The awards of tl)e jndges in the other competitive classes are as follows: Roses. — Collection H. P. roses, 12 varie- ties of 3 each: Mrs. A. P. Stokes, Morton. Conn., 1st; Mr. G. D. Barron. Rye, N. V. (Jas. Linane, gardener), 2d. Collection II. P. roses, 6 varieties. .3 each: E. C. Benedict, Greenwich. Conn. (Robt. Allen, gardener), first: Jlrs. Henry Schaefer. Greenwicli. Conn. (Edw. Stumiif. gardener). 3rd. Vase of assorted II. P. roses: Jlrs. F. A. Con- stable. Mamaroneck, N. Y. (Jas. .Stuart, gardener), 1st: G. D. Baron, 2d: Mrs. \A'm. G. Nichols. Rye. N. Y, (John McAllister, gardener), 3rd. Collection H. T. roses. 12 varieties, 3 each: Mrs. A. P. Stokes. New- ton, Conn. (A. Whitelaw. gardener), 1st: Mrs. H. S. Bowen, Greenwich. Conn. (John Watts, gardener). 2d. Vase of i-oses ar- ranged for effect: Robt. Mallory, Port- chester. N. Y. (Wm. Smith, gardener). 1st: Robert Grunnert. Greenwich, Conn., 2d: C. T. Willis. Greenwicli, Conn. Ofartin Glen- don, gardener). 3rd. Best collection roses to cover .50 sq. ft. floor space: H. Darlini;- ton, Mamaroneck, N. Y. (P. W. Popp, gar- dener), 1st. Best 12 blooms Frau Karl Ih-uschkii roses: If. Darlington. 1st: 'Mrs, Wm. G, Nichols, 2nd: Rolit. Grunnert. 3r.i. Best collection hardv dowers. 10 species: Mrs. F. A. Constable. 1st; RoI)t. Mallory, 2d; H. Darlington, 3rd. Best collection hardy flowers, 9 species: Robt. Mallory, 1st; Mrs. A. A. Anderson, Greenwich. Conn. (Robt. Williams, gardener). 2d; Mrs. J. E. Rantz Rees. Greenwicli. Conn. (Beatrice Dell, gardener). 3rd. Collection flowers cut from hardy shrubs. 12 varieties: G. D- Barron, 1st: Mrs. T, C. Bruce, Greenwicli. Conn. (John Andrew, gardener), 2d: II. Darlington. 3rd. Sweet Peas. — Best collection IR varieties. 2.5 sprays each: D. G. Reid. Irvington-on- Hudson, 1st. Collection sweet peas, 12 va- rieties. 25 sprays each: D. G. Reid. 1st. CollectioVi. 6 varieties. 15 spravs each: Mrs. A. A. Ander'^on. 1st: :\lis. C. A. Gould. Portchester. N. Y. (W. II. Watermoncki. L'ardener), 2d: Mrs. F. .\. Constable. 3rd. Pest collection. 3 varieties. 15 spravs e:icli: Mrs. C. A. Gould. 1st; Robt. Grunnert, 2d. Basket of sweet peas arranged for elTe-t : Mrs. Will. C. Niclicd-. 1st; 11. Darliugtoii, L'd. \'ase of sweet jieas arranged for ell'ect: ilrs. A. A. Anderson, 1st; Wm. Shillaber, 2d. Vase of irises, one or more varieties: .Mrs. J. ]•:. R. Kees, 1st; U. Darlington, 2d. \'ase of lilies, one or more varieties: Hobt. Mallory, 1st. Vase of moss roses: II. Dar- lington, 1st. X'egetables and Fruits. — Best nine varie- ties, arranged for effect: Adrian Iselin, Jr., New Rochelle, N. Y. (Joseph Tienian, gar- dener), 1st; H. F. Shoemaker, Riverside, Conn. (Jas. Maclean, gardener), 2d. Tlirce heads lettuce: Mrs. Arnold Schlaet, Sauga- tuck. Conn. (Edmund Laurence, gardener), 1st; Robt. Grunnert, 2d. Twenty-five jiods peas: Jlrs. A. Schlaet, l.st; H. F. Shoe- maker. 2d. Best quart string beans: Adrian Iselin. Jr.. 1st. Three heads lettuce: Chas. Mallory (W. J. Sealy, gardener), 1st; Robt. Mallory, 2d. Best two cucumbers: G. D. Barron, 1st. Best 12 tomatoes: Jlrs. F. A. Constable. 1st; Robt. Grunnert, 2d. Strawberries, best three quarts, three va- rieties: Mrs. G. F. Cliamblerlain. Harrison, N. Y. (John Shore, gardener), 1st; Robt. (irunnert, 2d. Strawberries, best two quarts, two varieties: J. A. Topping, (Jreenwich, Conn. (Fred Lageretam, gar- dener). 1st; A. G. Smith, 2d. Strawberries, best one quart, one variety: J. A. Topping, 1st: Mrs. F. A. Constalde 2d. Best quart cherries: Mrs. Albert Crane, Stamford, Conn. (Alex Geddes, gardener), 1st; Adrian Iselin, Jr., 2d. Miscellanemis. — Best pair of palms: Mrs. F. A. Constable, 1st; Mrs. A. A. Anderson, 2d. Best specimen: Mrs. G. F. Chamberlain. 1st; Mrs. F. A. Constable, 2d. Best foliage plant other than palms: Mrs. F. A. Con- stable, 1st; John I. Downey, 2d. Hy- drangeas, best pair: Clias. Mellon, 1st; G. D. Barron, 2d. Best specimen: John I. Lowney. 1st. Best pair not over 1 0-inch posts: Chas. Jlallory, 1st. Best three fuchsia plants: Chas. jMallory. 1st: Mrs. F. A. Constable. 2d. Best six crloxinias: Mrs. A. A. Anderson. 1st: G. D. Barron. 2d. Best si.x tuberous begonias: Mrs. A. A. .Ander- son, 1st: Rolit. Grunnert. 2d. P. W. POPP. Secretary. JUNE SHOW, NEWPORT, R. I. Til'' .mounds of Senator George I'ea- liody \Vetniore. where the second annual exhibitioii under the I'oint auspices of the Xewjiorl Garden Association and Horticul tnral Society was held, proved to be ad mirably adapted for fiower show purposes. 'I'lic general lavout was planned b.v II. W. 11. Powell, of this city, and worked very well. The entries staged were sullicicnt to enable' the committee to carry out the plan in a satisfactory way. Two tents, jdaced some distance apart on the south side of the lot, were sufficient to accommodate :;reenhouKe foliage and Howering plants, al- so a ])art of the cut (lower (lis|)lay. among which was a big entry of roses; these were the grandest lot ever staged here at this season of the year. Killarney Queen at- tracted much attention by its fine bri.irht color. The groujis of plants were of good qual- ity, but staged mostly after the old style; only one exhibitor had the courage to break away and set up in a natural man- ner. Ill (lowering plants. Calceolarias and Scliizanthuses were leaders. The display of orchids in bloom was larger than ever. On the north side of the ground were two tents, one being for the cut flowers, the other for fniit and vegetables. Cut flowers were never seen in better form, especially the roses and sweet peas. Herbaceous flow- e'-s were not represented in quantity, but there is a growing demand for them. The EMIL A. LIPPMAN GREENHOUSE SHADING No. 6 High Street MORRISTOWN, N. J. Here is what Mr. Fislicr says: Your shading is all O. K. Send 3 gals, more at once. Yours truly, K. FISHER, Bcrnardsvillc, N. J. Iic(l:~ of |)eic'iinial:- ;iiid liiennials laid out in the grounds were all tilled up with very well grown stock, which made a good show- ing. Among these were Delphinium, Digi- talis, Campanula. Dianthns, Pansy, Viola, Snapdragon and ((ladiolus. Following is a list of the most important first awards: Bed canterbury bells, Jlrs. H. M. Brooks; gardener. James Bond. Bed sweet Will- iam, James Bond. Bed stocks, Arthur Cur- tis James; gardener, John Gratrix. Bed antirrhinum, Mrs. W. W'. Sherman; gar- dener, Andrew Ramsay. Bed bulbous plants, Jlrs. French Vanderbilt; gardener, Daniel Hay. Tub sweet peas, Jlrs. W. (!. 'Weld: gardener, James Watt. Two beds violas, .Vndrew Ramsay. Display schizanthus, Vincent Astor; gardener, James Boyd. Bed hydrangeas, Oscar Schultz. Trained retinos- jiora, Hugh .Meikle. Bed roses. E. Kemp- enaar. Display topiary plants, Bobbink & Atkins. (Uoxinias. Jlrs. T. M. Davis; gar- dener, A'ictor May. Calceolarias, James Bond. Bed ])etuiiias, Andrew Ramsa.v. \^'hite rose-. Mrs. W. B. Ijceds: gardener, W. Gray. Yellow carnations, .\ugust Bel- mont; gardener, John Forbes. .lacqueminot raises, Miss Edith Wetmore. Group foliage plants. J. J. Van Allen; gardener, Richard Gardner. Ferns, James Bond. Table plants. James Bond. Display orchids, Paul de Nave. Specimen kentia, James Boyd. Specimen phoenix, .lames Boyd. Specimen ])alm, Mrs. H. McK. Twombly; gardener, .\le.\ander Eraser. Specimen fern, James r.ond. Group foliage and flowering plants for Ilitchings & Co. silver cup. James Bond. Three orchids. Mrs. Stuart Duncan; gar- dener, W. McGillvary. Six tuberous plants; James Watt. Twelve pots annuals, James Bond. In the cut rose section: C. M. Bugholt, J. B. Urquhait. W. Gray, .Arthur Leary, Victor May. ('. Robertson, Hugh William- son, W. JIacka.y and John Forbes. Sweet peas: James Watt, Victor Mav, C. M. Bugholt, W. MacKay, F. P. Webber and Thomas Brook. Fruit: The firsts were G. Eraser, for black grapes; Victor Ma.v, for white grapes; James McLcish, nectarines; Daniel Hav. for three varieties of straw- ALPHANO HUMUS Nature's Soil Builder Send for Convinccmcnt Book AtpKano Hu mus s 1 7 G. Battery Place, New York 96 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. heirifs. and .loliii Bauniyartiifr. lor enllec- tioii of strawberries. Vegetables: .1. B. Urcjuliart. winning a silver eup for twelve distinct kinds, and also a prize for six kinds. Alex. Fraser was leader in centre-pieces, specials and fancy baskets; a miniature Japanese Hower garden, by Hugh William- son; fruited gi-ape vines in tubs, by W. MacKay. The judges were, from the Garden Asso- ciation— Miss Edith Wetmore, Henry S. Redmond, Ernest Howe: and from the Hor- ticultural Society, Bruce Butterton. .Tames Robertson and Andrew J. Dorwavd. The dinner to the judges, workers and visiting exhibitors at the show was held at the "Bellvue" on Thursday evening, about thirty being present, and they enjoyed the repast tendered the society by H. A. C. Taylor, to whom our president, William Mackay, is gardener. The dinner over, President ilackay called upon numy of those present for remarks. As manager, Joseph S. Manda s])oke of the success of the show. C. H. Atkins spoke in a com- plimentary vein of what has been ac- complished. Bruce Butterton, for the judges, commended the arrangement of ex- hibits, members of a class generally having been found togetlier. Other speakers were: John E. Lager, John S. Hay, H. T. Beers, of the A. N. Pierson, Inc.; James Robert- son, Andrew S. Meikle, chairman of the committee of arvau'iements. and Secretary inm Gray. Votes of thanks were passed to Mr. Taylor for his thoughtful- ness in ])roviding the ban(|uet; to Mr. Powell and Miss Wetmore. of the Garden Association, for their untiring etl'urts to make the show a success; to Mr. Manda. tlie manager, ami to the local press. EXCHANGE. OYSTER BAY HORTICULTURAL SO- CIETY ANNUAL JUNE SHOW. The .June exhibition of the (Jyster Hay Horticultiu'al Society was held in the Fire- man's Hall. Thursday. .lune 18. The ex- hibition was the largest held since the establishment of this society and all classes were well filled. The roses were the lead- ing feature and Benjamin Stern secured first prize for best collection of H. P.'s. gardener, W, Robertson. Best collection H. T.. E. F. A^Hiitney, gardener, .Tames Duckham. Best three varieties H. P. white, first, .Albert Straus; gardener, Micliael O'Xiel. Best collection, three varieties H. T. pink, first, F. X. Doubleday. Esi|.; gard- ener. F. Gale. Best six H. P. white, first, Mr.s. C. L. Tiffany; gardener. F. Kyle. Best six H. P. pink, first, Charles Mapes. Best six any other color, first, F. Kyle. Best three H. P. white, Chas. Mapes. first. He also received first for best three pink and best three any other color. W. Robertson first for six Teas or H. T. white; also first for best six pink and first for any other color. Best three T. or H. T. white, first, F. Gale. Best three Teas or H. T. pink, first. Chas. Mapes. Best three Teas or H. T.. any other color, first, F. Gale. Best collection climbing roses, first, Jas. Duck- ham. Best vase climbing roses, first. .John A. Garver. Esq., gardener .Tohn Somcisk. There was keen competition in the vege- table classes and E. F. WHiitney secured first for collection of six varieties, gardener, .Tas. Duckham, with H. E. Smith second, gardener, Alfred Walker. Best three let- tuce, James Duckham, Best six beets, first. A. Walker. Best six carrots, first. A. Walker. Best six turnips, fir.st,- F. Gale. Best twelve plants spinach, first, F. Gale. Best asparagus, first, Clias, Moyses. Best rhubarli. first. C. Majics. Best pods of peas, first, A. Walker. Best string beans, first, Jas. Duckham. Best radish, first, A. Walker. Best brace cucumbers, first, Geo. Bullock. Esq.; gardener, D. Horeshall. Best six tomatoes, fir.st, .Jas. Duckham, Best six onions, first, Michael O'Niel, Best collection strawberries, first, A. Walker. Best twelve strawberries, one variety, for size, first. A, Walker. Best twelve strawberries, one variety, for flavor, first, .\. Walker. Best six strawberries, one variety, for size, first. Jlichael O'Neil. Best six strawberries, one variety, for flavor, first. Chas. Mapes. Dish any other fruit, first, Chas. Mapes. Best basket of straw- berries arranged for effect, first, A. Walker. Best collection hardy flowers, first. John Lovesick; second. A. Walker. Best vase Deliihiniums, first, .John Lovesick; second, F. Kyle. Be-,' contest, when some very tine sliootinfr took place. Our host beinj; a little off color did not score so well as he did at our previous con- test. .\ tine afternoon's sport was en- joyed liy all those present. The ranjres were To fi'ct ami I.'ill feet; the scorc-^ were as follow-.: 7.") feet — possilile lli."). Simon Hilmers 113 Alex. Roy l(i:i George Humphreys 0!) David S. Millar." SHi J. James !)4 James JIac.Machan US Frank Barbar 8S Fred Patron 82 Patrick Cassidy 0!) Joseph Cooper tiS 150 feet — possible 25. Alex Roy ■ l!l Simon Hilmers 15 J. James 12 Frank Barbar 11 David S. Millar il Joseph C oopcr 9 James Mac.Machan S Patrick Cassidy G Fred Patron (1 (ieorae Huniphrev 4 THUS. WILSON. Secretary. CONNECTICUT HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. The refjular lii-nionthly meeting of the Connecticut Hortiiadtnral Society was held on Friday evening, .lune 2t!. An invitation was received from Professor A. G. Gulley. of the Connecticut Agricultural College, to meet at that place with the Pomological Society and the vegetable growers on July 22 and 2.3. and it was unanimously voted to accept the invitation. This was hardy perennials' night and without doubt one of the finest I'ollections of these beautiful Howcrs was staged by Warren C. ilason. John F. Huss and W. \A'. Hunt. The collection contained in the neighborhood of 161 varieties, and add to this magnificent collection six varieties ot Canterbury Bells, exhibited by Fred K. Wisner. and thirty varieties of Sweet Pea.s. the exhibit of John C. Willard, it made a glorious sight. The president named George H. Hollister, John Gerard and (ieorgc B. Baker judges, and they awarded the exhibits of ^lessrs. Mason anil Willard a first clas certificate each. The Canterbury Bells received a certificate of merit. Botli. Messrs. Huss and Hunt received certificates of merit for their displays. Mr. Mason re- marked on the pecvdiarities of some of the varieties in his collection, selecting certain speciments for their hardiness and fitness for filling in, etc. The meeting was well attended and thoroughly enjoyed by tlic members. The next meeting will be hehi August 28. ALFRED DIXON, Secretarv. NASSAU COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. The monthly meeting of the Nassau County Horticidtrn-al Society was held on Wednesday, .July 8. at Pembroke Hall, (Jlcii Cove, President Henry Gaut in the chair. Special prizes for the society's fall shows were received from C, F. Cartledge. Esi|.. R. Meserole. W. R. Kinnear. E. 51. Undcr- hill and the Glen Cove Echo. John Fogerty and Fred Titus were elected to active mem bei ship, and two iictilious for memheiship were received. The exhibits for this meeting were all sweet peas, and the number and quality of the exhibits far surpassed any previous exhibits at this society's monthly nu'etings. Henry Gaut cleared the board by taking lirst jirize in all three classes, viz., 25 white, 25 pink and 25 any other color. He also recei\ed a cultural certificate for a tmc vase of Jsabelle Malcolm, Herman Boettchei cultural certificate for 14 distinct vases, and (Ieorgc Asliworth, honorable iiiciiliuii for vase of Flora Norton (Spciuci). .\ copy of the schedule of the New York State Fair at .Syracuse in August was re- ceived, and it was resolved to make a col- lective display of the vegetables represen- tative of the society. It was also resolved that we adopt a standard scale for judging llowers and vegetables at the society's allows. Chrysanthemums, carnations and roses will be judged by the otheial scale of points of tlieir respective national so- cieties, and a committee was formed to com])ile a scale for judging vegetables. .Mr. Allan .lenkins and Mr. ISahhviii were visitors and addressed the meeting. Ex- hibits for next meeting, August 12, will be for six kinds of vegetables. HARRY JONES. Cor. Sec'v. THE WESTCHESTER AND FAIRFIELD HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. tliuKitic clianges and weatliei eoiiditioiis do not seem to afiect the eiithusiasm of the wide-awake aggregation of pri\ate gar- deners known as the Westchester and Fair- field Horticultural Society, who held their legular meeting in Doraifs Hall, (Jreen- wich. Conn.. Friday evening, July 10. with a fine attendance. President Robert Wil- liamson presiding. One new member was elected, and a number of propositions foi nieiubership were received. The summer ^how committee in cliarge of the exhilii- tion held in June, made their final report, and it is a pleasure to record the fact that tliere is a substantial balance in favor of tlio society. The committee, including Mr. W. .1. Sealey, under whose able manage- ment tlie exhibition was staged, received the thanks of the society. It was also voted to send resolutions of ajipreciation to the many friends who in various ways contributed to the general result and helped to make the best summer show held in recent years. Letters from several friends of the so- ciety were read oflfering substantial addi- tions to the prize list of the fall show\ to be held in Gerraania Hall. New Rochelle. N. Y.. November 4. 5. 0. inclusive. The schedule is Iieing ])re|)ared and will be is- sued when ready. An attractive list of jirizes will lie ofTered. including cash, gold, sihcr and bronze medals, i ups. cut glass and silverware articles. There will lie classes for outdoor and indoor grown flow- ers, fruits and vegetables, table decorations, baskets and other floral decorative work. That all mav have a chance it is necessary to publish the fact that Carter & Co., of lioston. offer prizes for 25 fruits of their "Sunrise" tomato. Tile annual outing will be held august 11 at Edwards' Rye Beach Hotel. The success of our outings held in the past will assure a fine attendance. There will be athletic s|iorts of all kinds, including baseball, foot ball, tug of war. etc. Provision will also be made for ladies' races, and games and pastimes for the little folks. Regarding the matter of lunch, everybody may suit themselves: there will, however, be an ex- cellent .shore dinner provided in connection with the outing at $1.50 a [lersoii. Those desiring dinner tickets will kindly notify .Mr. W 111. .J. Sealey, of Portchester, N, Y", :is early as convenient that ample provi- sion may be made in advance, and not necessitate half portions, which condition of all'airs sometimes result from a rush of unex]iecfed guests. We can assure all who attend :i pleasant day's sport. The games will start promptly at 10:30 o'clock a. m. Dtiriiig recess Mr. James Melcher, of Stamford, Conn., one of our fellow mem- bers, entertained the "boys" with a number of very clever sleight o' hand tricks that were enjoyed by all. Our genial friend from Stamford, Conn., also amused us with some liiiiiioroiis songs and stories. On the exhibition t:ibles there was a .■hoice and va'ied display of cut llowers and llowering plants. A magnillcent .specimen of the new geranium •'Helen Michell" in a 4-inch pot, exhibited by Alex Marshall, was awarded a cultural certificate. Mr. Mar- shall was also highly commended for a vase of climbing rose "American Pillar," ;in 1 «^-«!i^;^^ 1 ifiiNua HRONICLE OF AMERICA THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. Grass Seed For Fall Sowing LAWN GRASS SEED BURNETT'S SPECIAL LAWN GRASS MIXTURE CENTRAL PARK LAWN GRASS GRASS SEED FOR BANKS AND TERRACES LAWN GRASS FOR SHADY PLACES AND UNDER TREES GOLF LINKS GRASS MIXTURES BURNETT'S GRASS SEED MIXTURES For Hay, Meadows and Permanent Pastures BURNETT'S RECLEANED SEPARATE GRASSES, CLOVER AND MILLET Prices subject to market changes. Special quotations on large quantities. BURNETT BROS.' RELIABLE BULBS AND ROOTS For Forcing and Outdoor Planting RELIABLE FLOWER SEEDS Suitable for Autumn Sowing GARDEN TOOLS AND SUNDRIES Send for Illustrated Bulb Catalogue, mailed free of charge. Persons doing so will have their names registered for our Illustrated Spring Catalogue, 1915. BURNETT BROTHERS, Seedsmen 98 CHAMBERS STREET, Between Broadway and Church Street. NEW YORK TELEPHONE. BARCLAY 6138 M l^* MR. E. P. CHARL- TON, of Acoxet. R. X., desired a range of houses, but when he %yas ready to take it up in earnest, business took him away for sev- eral weeks. We caught him on the wing, just be- fore departing, and laid beii>re in in a [lian wiiicn not oni\ included the greenhouse, but the pergola and general treatment of the grounds as well." We assumed the re- sponsibility for building the greenhouse, pergola, electric fountain, etc. When he returned, everything was completed and in place, even to the vines on the pergola pillars. Of course, this and parts of it were out of our line; but we put the entire job through satisfactorily. . i We tell you about it, just as further evidence of the resources of our e X p a n si V e organization. \\ ::eri ;'ii em'_-rgeiicy an^os. we can meet it promptly and in a highly acceptable manner. Vou may call it equipment or service or whatever you will, but the important fact is — we get results. And result is the only thing that counts. if you have a problem on hand, be it large or small, why not talk it over with us? Say when and where and we'll be there. mii SALES OFFICES: New York, Boston. 42d St. Bldg. Tremcnt Bldg. M Chicago. Rookery Bldg. Hochester, Granite Bldg. m Philadelphia. Franklin Bank Bldg. Cleveland, Swetland Bldg Tord,6Btirnhamfi FACTORIES: Irvington. N. Y. Des Flaines, 111. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiii^^^^^^^^ 103 IlllllllllllllllUil containing a list of Fall Bulbs, Strawberry Plants and Seasonable Seeds and Sundries has been mailed to all gardeners. If not received drop us a postcard. g Border of Lilium Candidum (the hardy St. Joseph or Annunciation Lily). g g This is the old-fashioned garden Lily and is perfectly hardy, Idooming in the open ground in June. The many p 1 snow-white flowers, borne on a stem 3 to 4 feel hiyh, make this Lily most eflfective. This variety should be planted a H in the fall, from the fact that it makes a winter yrcnvtli. .Stock from the north of France. 15 cts. each, $1.50 per doz., B I $12 per 100. Monster bulbs, 20 cts. each, $2 per doz., $16 per 100. % I ARTHUR T. BODDINGTON, Seedsman | I 342 West 14th Street, New York City | iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiifliiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiUMiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiii^ 104 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. A HIGHWAY OF PERENNIALS THE HIGHWAY TO PERENNIALS Leads straight to the PM. IS APRS NURSERIES THERE you will find all kinds and you can take your pick from the best that grow. Perennials add a feeling of permanency to your home surroundings. They change their plumage but not their face, and keep reflecting the seasons all the year around. No grounds are really gardened without a big showing in perennials. We are headquarters for perennials and assure the widest latitude in choice as well as the most courteous promptitude in correspondence and service. Our motto — Maxi- mum Quality at Minimum Cost. Write R.W. CLUCAS, Manager. THE PALISADES NURSERY, SparkiU, N. Y. ^§§^mkea:y Plants m^eatniisM A' MEKICUS. the leader of the ^ fall-bearers, will give luscious, I large sweet Strawberries, equal to June I fruit, it you set pot-grown plants in July g and early August. | BIG, POT-GROWN PLANTS | $L50 per doz., $10.00 per hundred, delivered i I SEXD YOUR ORDER EARLY. | I .\sk for our ^Ji.J-Snmmer C.italog of Stiawberries. \'egetable and | I Flower Seeds, Piams ntid P.iilbb. Mailed free. § I Weeber & Don, Seed Merchants, 114-L Chambers St., New York, N. Y. | ^.iiiiiiuuiiiiimimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiNiiiiniiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiw On larger properties, nothing has been more notable than the tendency to plant Meehans' Mallow Marvels in groups of a hundred or more of each of the several colors; securing in each a profusion of immense blooms, in glorious shades of red; or soft pinks or white. Pink, $35.00 per hundred White. $35.00 per hundred Red. $50.C0 per hundred Thomas Meehan & Sons Box 65 Germantown. Phila. POT GROWN STRAWBERRY PLANTS STANDARD VARIETIES: $3.00 ptr lumdred : $23.00 per thousand. EVERBEARING VARIETIES: Pan .Vnicrican and Superlj $1.75 per doz.; $10.00 per hundred. FIELD GROWN CARNATIONS STANDARD VARIETIES: $1.73 per doz.: SIO.OO per hundred. GROWERS AND DISTRIBUTORS OF PRIZE STRAINS, FLOWER AND VEGETABLE SEEDS, BULBS, ETC. FALL CATALOGUE NOW READY THOS. J. GREY COMPANY, Boston, Mass. Incorporated 1911 ANDREW K. KENNEDY. Pres. and Treas. KENNEDY & HUNTER SEEDSMEN Pot Grown Strawberry Plants Now Ready AH Standard Varieties $3.50 per 100 156 West 34th Street P^nna.'I.IZ New York 'ONLY THE BEST" DREER'S POT-GROWN STRAWBERRY PLANTS The best varieties, both new and old, and best methods of plant- ing to raise a full crop of strawberries ne.xt year are fully particu- larized in Dreer's Mid-Summer Catalogue Also Celerj', Cabbage, and otiier vegetable plants. .\ select list of decorative plants. Palms. Ferns, etc.; Seeds of old-fashioned Hardy Perennials and other flowers for summer sowing. Seasonable Farm Seeds, etc. Write today for a copy, FREE, and please mention this magazine. HENRY A. DREER 7 14-7 16 CHESTNUT ST. PHILADELPHIA., PA. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 105 To the Gardener: WE have a great deal to say to gardeners and beginning with this September issue will use a half page or more each month for the telling of "news" about our business which we believe will be of special interest. Our Bulb Catalog is now going out and if you have not received your copy write and ask for it and also for our special prices to gardeners. You have heard a good deal about the trial grounds whicli are maintained by the more careful seed houses and much talked of by all. We show this month a little view in our trial grounds at Noroton, Conn. See photo. J. M. THORBURN & CO. Established 1S02 53 Barclay Street - - New York S^^?? ^M^^^^^^^^tS'j>^©^SM ^^^'FS-^WrM-^' siiijiS^is' S's'SS Begonias Fine, strong plants, ready for you to finish. GLOIRE DE LORRAINE >inch puts, $4.0(J per dozen. 4-inch pots, for later deHvery: SOc. each, $S.OO per dozen. 5-inch pots, for later delivery: 75c. each, $7.50 per dozen. GLORY OF CINCINNATI 3-inch pots, $5.00 per dozen. 4-inch pots, for later delivery: $1.00 each, $7.50 per dozen. 5-inch pots, for later delivery: $1.50 eacli, $12.00 per dozen. 6-inch pots, $2.00 each. $18.00 per dozen. FLORENCE DAVENPORT .5-inch pots. $7.50 per dozen. 4-inch pots, for later delivery: $1.00 each, $10.00 per dozen. 5-inch pots, for later delivery: $1.25 each. $12.00 per dozen. ANPlEI^ON INC. CeDMMLL CAKpENS Ci^MWELL Conn I i Pot Grown Strawberry Plants I'ot grown Strawberry Plants if planted now will fur- nish a good crop of fine berries next season. The plants we ofTer are all well grown, true to name ;iiid healthy stock. AUGUST LUTHER. E.Ktva enrly. M'ly prinliii-live and good size. BEDERWOOD. One of the best 'Miiy vurii'lies. BRANDYWINE. Large solid 'linison fiuit; mldseason. BUBACH. Large berrj- of darl; inlor; mid.'ieasou. CHESAPEAKE. A very largi- late variet.v, COMMONWEALTH. V i n e na- vi.red. large berry; late. EXCELSIOR. Extra early and b.-uily variety. OANDY. I-nrKe. bright gloss.v rrimsou frnit; very late. HUNN. The largest variety Kroun; late. MARSHALL. Large, dark erim- siin (i.lor: iiiidseason. NEW YORK. Color dark red, line flavor: niidseason. NIGH OHMER. Mannnioth frnit. •■■■■ry jiroduetive; midseason. OOM PAUL. One of the largest li'-rries: very productive. SENATOR DUNLAP. Fruit of good size, line color; mldseason. SUCCESS. Sweet, mild flavor. laree and long bearer. WM. BELT. Very large fruit; mldseason to late. Any of the above varieties sent by express. Doz. 75 cts., 25 for $1.25. 50 for $2.00. 100 for $3.50. l"or new varieties ami full description see our Fall Catalogue. Mailed Free. Send a postal for it. W. E. MARSHALL & CO. 1 66 W. 23rd Street NKW YORK 106 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. p TN order to get room for smaller stock I will sell at B I reduced price a number of large evergreens including I Roster's Blue Spruce, 6 to 10 ft. I Abies Nordmonnia, I Retinosporas, etc. M Some excellent shade, ornamental and weeping trees, flowering bushes and a large assortment of perennial s plants. ANTHON S. PETERSEN Fifth Avenue Nurseries New Rochelle, N. Y. guiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiHiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiN I ORCHIDS I F"i-eshly Imported | j We have received and unpacked the following in fine | I condition: Cattleyas — Percivaliana, Gaskelliana, | I Speciosissima ; Dendrobiums — Formosum, Nobile, | I Densiflorum, Schuitzii (novelty) ; Vandas — Coerulea, j I Batemannii, Imshootiana, Luzonica (novelty) ; | i Phalaenopsis — Amabilis, Schilleriana and Spothoglot- j I lis phcata. Many more to arrive. | 1 j I Write for special list No. 55. | I LAGER & HURRELL, Summit, N. J. I IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIINIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIINIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIINIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIN BON ARBOR Awarded Diploma and Silver Medal at 1912 Royal International Exhibition, London, Eng. BON ARBOR NO. 1 will keep your Tennis Courts and Lawns green in the hottest weather. Will grow Lettuce, Celery, Cauliflower, and anything that matures above the ground to the finest perfection. We can prove it. Bon Arbor No. 1 ii put up as follows: Package making 15 gallons, by mall. .. .$0.30 Package making 30 gallons, by mall 55 6 lb. package making 150 gallons, exp. extra 1.80 25 lb. package making 750 gallons. esp. extra 6.25 SO lb. package making 1.500 gallons, exp. extra 12.50 100 lb. package making 3,000 gallons. exp. extra 20.00 Barrels from 250 to 300 lbs., 18c. per lb. RADIX WORM ERADICATOR removes worms instantly from your Tennis Courts, Golf Greens, Flower Pots, etc. 2 gallons, making 200 gallons, $2.00 per gallon. iy2 gallons sufficient for Tennis Court 78 x 36 feet. ANT DESTROYER. Rid your garden and lawn of ants. It can be done in less than a week. Per lb. 6Sc.; 10 lbs., 60c. per lb.; 25 lbs., SOc. per lb. BON ARBOR CHEMICAL CO. Paterson, N. J., U. S. A. Write for descriptive catalogue, new 1912 edition. We manufac- ture also Radix Worm Eradicator, Insecticides, Weed Killer and all agricultural chemicals. Special prices on large quantities. JULIUS ROEHRS CO. Nurserymen and Florists RUTHERFORD, N. J. Visit our establishment and inspect our Greenhouses containing the finest products. Also see our large increased Nursery and view our splen- did Evergreens, Trees and Shrubs. Competent Gardeners Q The comforts ond products o( o country home are increased by employing a competent gardener ; 11 you want to engage one, write to us. q Please give particulars regarding place and say whether married or single man is wanted. We have been supplying them for years to the best people everywhere. No lee asked. PETER HENDERSON & CO. Seedsmen a.nd Florists 33 and 37 Cortlandt St. NEW YORK CITY MR. GARDENER: JUST CONSIDER A MOMENT! Sick Trees Never Cured Themselves Yet ! AND THEY NEVER WILL! Then Why Wcut Longer? Time Is Precious. CALL US IN WE HAVE the KNOWLEDGE, the EXPERI- ENCE, the MEN. the TOOLS. JOHN T. WITHERS, Inc. Landscape Architect and Forester 1 Montgomery St. Jersey City, N. J. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 107 giiiiiiniiiiiniiimiDiiiiiiiiiiniiiinniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiijiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiii^ I BOBBINK & ATKINS I I WORLD'S CHOICEST NURSERY j j AND GREENHOUSE PRODUCTS | I AUTUMN PLANTING. 1 I The Months of August and September are the Best Time to 1 = Plant Evergreens. = I EVERGREENS, CONIFERS AND PINES. -\V.- luiv.. iimn- tliaii 7.-> | § acres planted with attractive- EV'EKiJl.'KKNS. Our colU-ctinn is nm- f ^ ceded to be tlif most complete and niimniticeut ever assoinhle'I in p g America. Tlie varieties comprising saitu- have been thorou;rblv tested = s and proved bardy. Our jdants are dug with a ball of earth ami liur- i s lapped previous to shipr>ing. Before purchasing elsewhere intending y g purchasei-s should not fail to inspect our collection. ^ I THE FOLLOWING PLANTS FOR OUTDOOR PLANTING. INTERIOR I I AND EXTERIOR DECORATIONS ARE AMONG OUR | i SPECIALTIES. i STRAWBERRIES Potted and field j^T'nv II in all the leading varieties. We have many thou- .sands of Strawberries and are iu a position to fill itrders of any KJze. AUTUMN BULBS AND ROOTS. — We urow and iin|»>i-t .pumtities of Bulbs and Roots from all [)arts of the world. PEONIES AND IRIS.— We have a eomplete ii>llc<'tii)n "»f tbem ready for September delivery. ENGLISH IVY. — We gr-wmany thousands in trained forms and ordinarv plants from twu tu iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii mil iiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiii' niiiiiiiiii iiiuiiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiuiii i llll|{:illllllilllll:ll!i:Nli:ill!!llllllNllllllllll{:illll!ll>ii(lililililllllllllill!llllllillllliliiiiiiiiii ^Ije ^avhtn Horv vainly men themselves amaze. To Tvin the palm, the oal(, or bays: And their incessant labors see Crorvned from some single herb, or tree. Whose short and narron>-verged shade Does prudently their toils upbraid; While all the flowers and trees do close. To weave the garlands of repose. Fair Quiet, have I found thee here. And Innocence, thy sister dear? Mistaken long, I sought you then In busy companies of men. Your sacred plants, if here below. Only among the plants will grow Society is all but rude To this delicious solitude. By Andrew Marvell.'" What Wondrous life is this I lead! Ripe apples drop upon my head; The luscious clusters of the vine Upon my mouth do crush their wine; The nectarine and curious peach Into my hands themselves do reach; Stu'ublmg on melons as I pass, Insnared witli flowers, I fall on grass. Meanwhile the mind from pleasure less Withdraws into its happiness — ■ The mind, that ocean where each l(ind Does straight its own resemblance find: Yet it creates, transcending these. Far other worlds and other seas; Annihilating all that's made To a green thought m a green shade. ■ — I 'JtitS. No white nor red was ever seen So armorous as that lovely green. Fond lovers, cruel as their flame. Cut in these trees their mistress's name. Little, alas! they know or heed. How far these beauties her exceed! Fair trees! where'er your harl( I wound. No name but your own he found. When we have run our passion's heat. Love hither makes his best retreat. The gods, who mortal beauty chase. Still in a tree did end their race. Apollo hunted Daphne so, Only that she might laurel grow; And Pan did after Syrinx speed. Not as a nymph, but for a reed. Here at the fountain's sliding foot. Or at some fruit-trees's mossy root. Casting the body's vest aside. My soul into the boughs does glide: There like a bird it sits and sings. Then whets and claps its silver wings. And till prepared for longer flight. Waves in its plumes the various light. Such Was the happy garden stale. While man there walked without a male; After a place so pure and sweet. What other help could yet be meet? But 'twas beyond a mortal's share To Wander solitary there: Two paradises are m one. To live m paradise alone. How Well the skilful gardener drew Of flowers and herbs, this dial new! Where from above the milder sun Does through a fragrant zodiac run: And as it worlfs, th' industrious bee Computes its time as Well as We. How such sweet and wholesome hours Be reckoned, hut with herbs and flowers. '''An English poet and satirist, died in London, 1678 iiiiiiiiiintiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii uiiiiiiiiiiii iiiiuiuiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiuiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiii Gardens in and Around Boston By W. N. Craig. It is twenty-four years since the Society of American Florists last met in Boston. (Jn that occasion the estates of H. H. Hunnewell, of \\'ellesley, and Francis B. Hayes, of Lexington, were two of the most celebrated in the State. The visitors to the convention to the number of many hundreds were hospitabl\- entertained at each estate, and no doubt not a few who will visit the Hub this year will remember James Comley, of the Hayes estate, and the genial and popular Frederick L. Harris, of the Hun- newell estate. The number of private estates has in- creased many-fold in the last quarter of a century and, while there will be no special trips to visit any of these on the present occasion, the owners and superintendents will be verv glad to welcome all visitors from a distance who can spare the time to pay them a visit; especiallx welcome will be the members of the National Association of Gardeners, not yet very strong in the old Bay State, but likely to show a considerable growth as a result of the summer meeting of the N. A. G. in Boston. In a few notes, hurriedly written, it is not possible to refer to more than a few of the prominent estates and EAST VIEW IN RHODODENDRON SE.\SON, ROCK GARDEN, PROCTOR ESTATE, TOPFIELD: TAMES MARLBOROUGH, SUPERINTENDENT. many of them not mentioned are worthy of a visit. I regret that it was not possible at short notice to secure more photographs of some of our best places. At Wellesley, which is within a dozen miles of Boston, and easily reached either by Boston & Albany R. R. or by electric cars, is found one of the most charming towns in ]Massachusetts and here are located some beautiful private estates ; the best known is the one aforementioned, now the residence of Walter Hunnewell, where T. D. Hatfield is in charge. The collection of specimen trees and shrubs found on this estate is very fine and quite ex- tensive, conifers and rhododendrons being the special at- tractions. The noted Italian garden on the beautiful shores of Lake Waban has a country-wide fame, while in the greenhouses are excellent collections of orchids, stove and greenhouse plants. The estates of Mrs. Arthur Hun- newell, Frederick Coles, superintendent, and Henrv S. Hunnewell, J. G. Duguid, superintendent, are also well worth a visit. The Xorth Shore of }vla;-sachusetts, sometimes named the "Gold Coast" owing to the large number of wealthy Americans having residences there, is one of the most beautiful and popular summer resorts in the countrv. It it a serious rival now of Newport, Leno.x and Bar Harbor, and judging by its state of development, it bids in the near future to take the lead even over these famed resorts. There are in ^Manchester, West Alanchester, Pride's Crossing, Beverley Farms, Magnolia, ]\Iarblehead and other North Shore towns and villages a host of beautiful gardens. A few worthy of special mention are those of Judge W. H. Moore, -Pride's Crossing, where Geo. Wyness presides ; here the splendid lawns and rock gardens are features; W. S. Spaulding, Pride's Crossing; E. C. Swift, ^Irs. Lester Leland, Manchester, where one of our most skilled gardeners, E. H. Wetterlow, is in charge; Mrs. Dudley L. I'ickman. F. P. Fraziers, W. E. Endicott, of Danvers, and to which might be added many AX INTERESTING NOOK ON THE ESTATE OF MR. BAYARD THAYER. SOUTH LANCASTER: WM. ANDERSON, SL'PERINTENDENT. more. The visiting ladies at the convention will be given a 70-mile ride over the North Shore and will be enter- tained at lunch to the number of three hundred by the North Shore Horticultural Society, which comprises within its ranks all the best gardeners and many of the ." employers in this renowned section. Frequent trains over the Boston & Maine R. R. may be had to North Shore points, the running time being from forty to seventy minutes. -At Topfield is to be found one of the largest and most varied estates in Massachusetts, that of Thomas E. Procter, where James Marlborough is superintendent. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. Ill POOL ON THE ESTATE OF MR. BAY.NRD THAYER, SO. LANCASTER. On this immense estate is to be found one of the finest private arboretums in the world, rivaHng in some respects even the famous Arnold Arboretum. A magnificent rock garden, skillfully built and planted is to be found here. In the greenhouses grapes and other indoor fruits arc- grown to a perfection rarely attained, pot fruits beinj; given special attention and are splendidly done. An ex- hibition of one hundred and twenty-five varieties Cala- diums from this estate was a feature at a show in Boston on August 8 and 9 last. Soutli Lancaster, Mass., contains several noted estates, the lari-est and best known is that of liayard Thayer, ■^■0i«Z'^^»^ *"<'<, ,^^"-.^^>iij,'^^fl|^^^B ....' 1 i^^^ ^%k^- ,: J -'i ^H «K^**v?*fin^^' ^^^^^H 1 ^jyTB^WBBB^Bj^B m. . ^y^^ifm^v^ WsfS^Mst-^ I ji ■ -i-„ estates of Airs. Oliver Ames, in charge of Harry Cole; John S. .\mes, William Swan, superintendent; \\ inthrop Ames, Daniel Whyte, superintendent ; Oliver Ames, Ed- ward Parker, superintendent; Miss .M. S. Ames, Andrew .\lasson, superintendent; and F. L. Ames, William I irant, superintendent. lirookline, is a very near suburb of iioston, noted as l)cing the wealthiest ti:)wn in .\merica ; its assessable valu- ation being over $135,000,000. Its various estates can all lie reached liy electric cars from Park street subway sta- tion, although some of the larger ones are a distance from the cars. The estate of Prof.'C. S. Sargent, "Holm Lea" needs no introduction. The two hundred or more acres are planted with exquisite taste. There are many fine ENTRANCE TO THE EST."\TE OF >IRS. OLIVER AMES, NO. EASTON: H. COLE, SUPERINTENDENT. William Anderson, superintendent. There is an inmiense collection of trees and shrubs here, including quantities of nearly all of Wilson's Chinese introductions. In May a display of 50,000 tulips and large quantities of Narcis- sus are a great feature here. The nursery on this estate is larger than some commercial places and tens of thousands of Scotch Heathers, Kalniias and other plants are to be seen in various stages. There is also a fine range of green- houses. The estate of John E. Thayer, J. T. Clarke, superin- tendent, also at South Lancaster, is laid out with great taste, the naturalizing of bulb and other plants being done charmingiv. Other estates in the community are those of E. V. R. Thayer, where Frederick .Abraham has charge, and Mrs. Nathaniel Thayer. North Easton, Mass., some twenty-two miles from Bos- ton on the N. Y., N. H. and H. R. R. contains several interesting estates. Those most worthy of a visit are the .\ FORMAL TEKK.\CE G.M^UEN OX EST.\TE OF .MR. WINTIIROP AMES, NO. EASTON; DANIEL WHYTE. SUPERINTENDENT. specimen trees and shrubs here, not a few extremely rare and unique. Wilson's new plants are seen on all hands. Charles Sander, the skillful and popular superintendent, is one of the best craftsmen we have in America. .Vny- one doubting this statement should see how he raises tens of thousands of difficult subjects from seeds, or grafts; should view his grand collection of seedling Moutan peo- nies, or his wonderful specimens of Azelea Indica, Tra- chelospermum jesminoides, and stann h^ :. ^LOCATED AT ^^^ HOUSES DEVOTED LARGELY TO PROBLEMS CONNECTED WITH FLORICULTURE AND VEGETABLE CULTURE UNDER GLASS. 116 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. if a combination of two forms could be secured, it would published some important work in the improvement of approximate what was wanted in the way of an ideal the violet through definite selection ettort. In connection lettuce for culture under glass. Mr. Oliver made this with this work and directly as an outcome of it developed CARN.ATIOX CULTURE. TESTING OF NEW' \'.\RIETIES .XNP ROSE CULTURE. TESTING OF NEW \'.\RIETIES .\ND BREEDING BREEDING WORK. WORK. BREEDING WORK IX THE IMPROVEMENT OF GRASSES. BREEDING WORK IN THE IMPROVEMENT OF COWPEAS. ONE OF THE PLANT HOSPITALS CONNECTED WITH THE BURE.\U OF PLANT INDUSTRY. cross and after a few years' selection the cross was defi- nitely fixed. Later the work led into the field of violet culture, which was continued for five or six years and which resulted in clearing up and publishing an account of some of the most troublesome diseases of the violet, which hitherto had remained more or less of a mvsterv. There was also PORTION OF HOUSE DEVOTED TO CULTURAL WORK ON DRY- LAND ORNAMENTALS. the practice of using cyanide gas under glass. Cyanide gas had been used out of doors, more especially in Cali- fornia, but had not been applied to plants under glass ex- cept in a limited way. Experiments were made with a few violet plants at first and gradually the scope of the work widened until entire houses were successfully fumigated. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 117 Associated with this work some other important lines were undertaken as alifecting crops under glass hy Air. Albert F. Woods, also an assistant in the Division of \ eg- etable Pathology. Air. ^^'oods conducted some very im- portant studies of lily diseases, and his studies of stigma- nose, showing the relation of insects and cultural methods to diseases, cleared up a number r)f difficulties and made it practicable to control some of the more serious troubles confronting the carnation grower. The work of the Division of X'egetable Pathology had developed at this time into a number of important fields, including the diseases affecting shade and ornamental trees, diseases affecting greenhouse crops, diseases af- fecting truck crops, and so forth. In 1901, upon the death of William Saunders, superintendent of gardens ami grounds of the Department of Agriculture, the gar- dens and grounds were turned over to Dr. (jalloway. This was the beginning of the organization of the Bureau of Plant Industry, coincident with the organization of several co-ordinate branches in the department. In 1902 the bureau was definitely authorized by Congress, and into this bureau was brought ])ractically all of the plant work of the department, except that having to do with the forests. Some of the most important developments that may be mentioned in connection with the growth of the liureau of Plant Industry have had to do with proper educational efforts in the matter of pure seeds. The Seed Laboratory of the bureau has done most e.xcellent service along this line. \\'hile its efforts have been to a considerable extent confined to cereal and forage crop seeds, a vast amount of work has been done on vegetable seeds, flower seeds, etc. Ever since the Bureau of Plant Industry has been es- tablished it has been responsible for the securing, jjacket- ing and distribution of the so-called Congressional seeds. The lUireau of Plant Industry has never sanctioned this icork. l)ut has endeavored to conduct it in the most busi- ness-like way, because Congress in its wisdoni has seen fit to authorise it. It has from time lo time recommended and submitted definite and specific plans for changing the work, and out of these plans have developed numerous interesting and valuable adjuncts to the distribution. The work is especially designed for aiding the school-garden effort as conducted by Professor Corbett. Out of this work has also grown the very important foreign seed and plant investigations, already referred to. I'"urthermore, out of it has come the work it is now carrying on. having I'liklHiX ()[.' THE FIELD STATION OE THE IlL-REAU UF I'l PROPAG.\TING SHE Early in the organization of the bureau the important field of plant introduction developed through the efforts of David G. Fairchild, who still remains in charge of this work. The world has been pretty well searched for new and rare ornamentals and other plants, and some of these are already making their way into horticultural prom- inence and others are likely to do so. The breeding work of the department, especially that having to do with the im.provement of fruits and orna- mental trees, greenhouse crops, etc., has been continued so that the clepartn'.ent and the Bureau of Plant Industry are now well equipped with up-to-date greenhouses for experimental work of all kinds. In this connection should be mentioned the valuable work conducted liy Prof. L. C. Corbett, who for a number of \ears was in charge of the Arlington Experimental Farm. ( )n this farm there is now a well-equipped establishn^ent for the working out of many of the problems affecting American floriculture. The farm is well stocked with excellent ma- terial in the way of experimental orchards, vineyards, etc. It is on this farm also that Mr. W. W. Tracy con- ducted his important work in vegetable testing. .AX I IMirMK\-. ( IlUd, (■AI.II''(1RNIA. GLASS HOUSE AXU DS NOT SHOWN. for its object the determination whether it is practicable to grow our own Dutch Indbs. The bulb farm at l>el- lingham, Washington, is making good progress along these lines. Largely through the eft'orts of Dr. Galloway the de- I>artment has now five well-organized, well-equipped es- tablishments where it is conducting numerous important lines of work affecting horticulture and floriculture. On the grounds of the department proper, which consist of al;out 40 acres, it is now equipped with approximately 64,000 square feet of glass. In these houses it is con- ducting some of its most important work in the breeding and projjagation of new and rare plants, experimental work in the feeding of floricultural croj.is, including the rose, the carnation and the chrysanthennnn, the develop- ment of ]5lants and the carrying on of an annual exhibit of chrysanthemums, largely intended for educational pur- poses.' Several houses are also devoted to studies of the diseases affecting crops under glass. Other houses are devoted to the study of tropical and sub-tropical plants, others to the testing and fruiting of some of the troiiical crops adapted to the L'nited States, including die mango, 118 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. the banana, the orange, etc., and still others to plant quar- antine work. On the Arlington Experimental Farm, located about six or seven miles from Washington, is the second im- portant horticultural plant, including about 24,000 square feet of glass. These houses are devoted to experimental work in the production of carnations and roses, the win- ter forcing of vegetables, etc. At Yarrow, Md., nine miles north of Washington, is another well-equipped establishment designed for the care of the new and rare plants being brought in by the Office of Foreign Seed and Plant Introduction conducted by Air. Fairchild. There are several greenhouses at this plant which are used for the propagation and testing of the new and rare shrubs, ornamental trees, etc., brought in from all over the world. There are also forty or tifty acres devoted to outside cultural work with ornamentals and other plants. At Miami, Fla., there is a garden devoted especiallv to semi-tropical material. At t'his garden are propagated and distributed plants especiall\- adapted to the southern United States. This garilen will soon be greatly enlarged and is now well equipped with sheds and glass. At Chico, Cal, is located the Chico Plant Introduction Field Station, consisting of about sixty or seventy-t'ive acres of land, well equipped with greenhouses especiallv designed for the testing and rapid propagation of ma- terials brought in from foreign countries in the way of shrubs, trees, and ornamentals of various kinds. The climate and soil at Chico are specially adapted to rapid propagation. While most of the crop production must be carried on under irrigation, the climate is so admirable and the soil so rich and strong that nearly all types of plants, whether suitable for the northern portion of the country or the southern portion, thrive well there. It has proved an ideal place for the propagation of many valuable things brought in through the Office of Foreign Seed and Plant Introduction. SUCCESSFUL MUSHROOM CULTURE. A crop that requires years of study and experience before the grower can be assured of a regular vield is mushrooms. The culture of mushrooms is somewhat uncertain from start to finish ; in spite of all precautions the crop may fall away below expectations. Writing on the subject of mushroom culture. P.. C. Blanchard of Canadian Horticulturist. sa\s it is believed that where most growers fail is in the preparation of the manure. The equipment required is not expensive, any cellar will do that has a dry hard bottom. Alush- rooms require darkness, but the few windows in the or- dinary cellar need not be darkened. The bottom may be clay, gravel or concrete. If the clay is not dry it is best to concrete it. No heat is used in the cellars.' A mush- room house should be as low as possible, convenience in working being a consideration. Speaking of the successful methods used in mushroom growing. Sir. Blanchard says, the manure is treated for several months before it is put into the cellars. Only the very best horse manure is used. This is turned every day in the open for ten days, and the long straw all taken out. It is then turned every other day for a week. After that it is piled in ridges. Three weeks in all should put the manure in good shape. \\'hen ready a handful of the manure squeezed tightly should become a solid ball, firm to the touch. • For the winter crop the best time to prepare the ma- nure is August. Although anv time between April and the last of August will do. The manure is placed right on the clay or concrete in successive layers and tramped solid till it is nine inches deep. The temperature will sometimes rise to one hundred and thirty degrees in two or three days, but when it falls to eighty-five degrees the spawn should be planted. Breaking the ordinary bricks of spawn into sixteen pieces is preferred. These are planted an inch below the surface of the manure, eight inches apart each way. The manure is tramped down solid and left for a week. After that a coating of rich loamy soil is applied, two inches deep, and pounded down till it is just one inch thick. No attention need now be given to the beds for six weeks, when the mushrooms will begin to show. The first application of water should now be given, and the beds thoroughly soaked. They should require no more water until the bulk of the crop is' off. When the crop begins to die away, another good watering will do till the crop is exhausted. A mushroom bed will usually crop from ten to sixteen weeks ; twenty weeks is excep- tional. Under good conditions a bed will yield from one to one and a half pounds to the square foot. From seven to eight weeks after sowing the spawn the mushrooms will begin to lift. If sown in August they may run on till late in March. The dead manure is splendid for compost. About fifteen two-horse loads is sufficient for twelve hundred square feet of bed. The temperature of a mushroom house to give best quality should not fall below fifty-three degrees and not rise above sixty-five degrees. It is possible to take off two crops of mushrooms in one year, if a new lot of manure is put in as soon as the old is taken out. The old bed can be renovated without taking out the manure by spreading one and a half inches of dry cow manure and soil on top, tramping it well, and then adding one half inch of soil. This course is advisable only when one cannot wait and properly prepare the horse manure for the coming crop. Next to preparing the manure, the watering is most important. The two applications mentioned should be sufficient ; too much water will kill the spawn. SUNDAY WORK IN THE GARDEN. It may seem like trival legislation to deliberate upon the question whether a man may lawfully work in his own garden on Sunday, but it is one that affects a great many persons and families, and we are glad that the House has taken it up and so far as it can has decided in the affirmative. \\'orking in the garden is a healthful occupation for both body and mind. There are hundreds of men who have no other time in which to cultivate that small patch of real estate which means so much of comfort and contentment for rural homes. Men who are habitually industrious are not going to observe the Sabbath like an Eastern idol by sitting down and doing nothing. There is no better safety valve than a garden. It awakens a wholesome interest in the mind of the man whom it well serves, provided he can as well first serve it. There are doubtless many who, if ofl:'ered their choice, would rather take a hundred-mile automobile ride on Sunday than hoe potatoes, but if they cannot do the former and are willing to compromise on the latter, the privilege should not be denied them. There is no better practical Christianity than that of the good old minister who said to his Sunday congregation: "Brethren, it looks like rain. I propose that we close this service and go out and get in Widow Scott's hay." If there were more gardens to occupy the time and appeal to the interest of men of enforced leisure, there would be much less busi- ness for the local courts Monday morning. — Boston Transcript. The Development of Boston's Park System Boston's Park System was virtually establishctl in the year 1875, through the appointment by the Mayor, under authority by the State Legislature, of a board of three commissioners to serve without pay. During the ensuing year plans were evolved for the establishment of a general system of parks and parkways surrounding- the city. In the development of these plans the Commission obtained the advice of Frederick Law Olmsted, whose experience and success in similar under- takings in other cities made him an authority throughout the country. The original plans submitted called for the taking and improvement of about 1,100 acres at an estimated cost of $4,000,000 for the purchase of land and $1,000,000 for improvement of same. This general scheme has been adhered to, with minor exceptions, although considerable additions were made later as the scheme developed. The main features included the building of an embank- ment along Charles River, the connecting of Back Bay park lands with Boston Common and Public Garden by means of Commonwealth avenue, at that time a public boulevard ; the development of land bordering Muddy River and Jamaica Pond, a beautiful sheet of water of about fiftv acres situated in an extensive plain with a range of high hills on three sides, and the acquisition of an extensive tract of territory on high land in \\'est Rox- bury lying between the two valleys in which are the Providence Division and Old Colony Division of the New York and New England Railroad. This also in- cluded the taking of land about the Bussey Farm which had already been set apart by Harward University for Arnold Arboretum. Next in importance was Marine Park at City Point. South Boston, between the main harbor and Dorchester Bay. The development of each division was carried with special reference to its surroundings and future uses. The Back Bay Fens first laid out with the salt marsh style of landscape, while charming in its w-ay, has of late years, through the damming of Charles River, changed is character from that of a salt water creek, cleansed by the ebb and flow of the tide, to a fresh water basin at a stationary level except when raised by heavy freshets. Sanitary reasons compelled therefore, the filling of the marshes and when properly loamed and planted we will have the unusual spectacle of a park whose entire aspect and design has been changed in the course of a compara- tively few years. The North ^^leadow has already been given the final touches and was selected for the site of the Convention Carden at the annual meeting of the Society of American Florists for 1914. It is intended, however, that the rest of the area of this park when completed for the second time, will be devoted to sports of various kinds, and al- though the change meets with opposition from many quarters, it will have many advantages as the surround- ing jjropertv is being rapidly acquired for educational institutions. The Fen is connected with Cjlnisted Park by a narrow strip of land, called the Riverway. This area was devel- oped in conjunction with the adjacent town of Brookline but it was planned as a unit and is a remarkable specimen of landscape work. Olmsted Park contains three beautiful sheets of water. Jamaica, Wards and Leverett Ponds. The shores of these ponds are planted with rare aquatics and semi-aquatics. and nn the steep slopes are banked rhi_id(_)dendrons, azaleas and minuitain laurel. The .\rboretum, now famous all over the world, for its rare collection of trees and shrubs, contains about three hundred and fifty acres, and the work it is doing in col- lecting specimens of new and rare plants and investigat- ing into their usefulness is of inestimable value to horti- culture. There is a divided responsibility in the care and maintenance of this park as the planting spaces are cared for by Harvard University and the roads, walks, drains and material things are under the charge of the Park De- partment. As it is not a place for the gathering of great throngs of people the walks and roadways are narrow and winding, but are quite suitable for the small but earnest class who frequent the park on account of their love for arboriculture, or who are more keenly interested in botan- ical research. Crass trails lead one through the "Order," the "Pinetum" and other specifically arranged collections. Franklin Park is considered one of the greatest munici- pal parks of the world. It has been developed at enor- mous cost and yet in its primitive condition when taken over by the city it possessed many natural beauties. Its plantations at that time consisted of what is known as "second growth" woods, not of great size or splendor, but in conformation pleasing to the eye and remarkable for the dense massing of foliage. The illustration reijroduced on the cover i)age shows the Scarboro Pond foot bridge in Franklin Park. The soil is underlaid with ledges of conglomerate for- mation which here and there form bold clifl^s and rough barren patches showing distinct signs of glacial action ; its boulder aspects are ]iarticularly interesting. j.XMK.s i;. snE.\, DKPUTY CO.MMISSIUNKR. r.OSTOX PEI'AKT- MENT OF P.\RKS. 120 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. The trees were the native oaks, chestnuts, birches, beeches and junipers. The newer plantations have been continued on the same lines and have been much admired. As the topography is of the varied, uneven character manv fine views result — those from Rock ^Morton, Has- born Hill and the Overlook are well worth while to the visitor. The park is practicall\' divided in two by Glen Lane, an old public thoroughfare — the part north and nearer to the city itself, being originally intended for such forms of pleasure and recreation as appealed to the masses and inv the establishment of restaurants, deer parks, and a pos- sible Zoological Garden. This plan has been adhered to in the main, except that the Zoological Garden has taken on a greater scope than it was thought possible, having in recent years received the benefit of the income of the George Parkman fund, amounting annually to two hun- dred thousand dollars, bequethed to the city for park pur- poses. The larger part, however, south of Glen Lane, was laid out as the Country Park and affords a welcome SAMIiUCUS AT LILY PO.Ml ARNOLD ARBORETUM. reception to those seeking a milder form of recreation or the solitude granted in the dense woods of the wilderness. or a long stroll over the broad meadows to Scarboro Hill. The only activities are on the tennis courts in Ellicott- dale or on the golf links. Franklin Field, adjacent to Franklin Park, has become one of the most famous athletic grounds in the country. It is well equipped with ball grounds, tennis courts, bowl- ing greens, cricket guards, a quarter mile cinder track, a half mile speedway and all other necessary adjuncts to the proper conduct of sports. A narrow parkway leads through the populous district of Dorchester to the Strandway and ^larine Park at South Boston, where one can enjoy all the delights of ocean scenery. Castle Island, containing old Fort Inde- pendence, is a very charming spot ; here is also located the Aquarium, recently completed. The Convention Garden is a unique institution which, it is generally expected, will be brought to a very high degree of perfection at the convention of the Society of American Florists to be held in Boston in 1914. The setting for the Garden in Boston's beautiful park system in cultured Back Bay district, is in the ten acre meadow south of the Richardson Bridge, one of the prom- inent architectural features of Boston's parks. The garden, once a feature of the gathering of florists, has been aban- doned for manv years back until it was resurrected last WILDERNESS FROM H.\GBORNE HILL. FRANKLIN PARK. year at the annual convention held in Minneapolis, Minn. The display made there interested every visitor and was encouraging to the numerous delegates from the east, many ot whom Lemg members of the Boston Horticul- tural Club had previously discussed the establishment of such an exhibition. The educational and aesthetic value of tlie Convention < iarden can liardly be estimated — plants are shown which the general public would never have an opportunity to be- come acquauited with, and even from the commercial point of view, it would seem as if it would become of great value. The Park and Recreation Department of Boston has been very srenerous in its attention to the interests of those iUE LINK IkhK HANK ,\ [' (iLMSTEAD P.\RK. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 121 exhibitors who are takiny pari in the develiipment of the scheme, preparing the flower-lieils and caring for exhibits. It has also contributed generously by planting five or six of the largest beds, the central feature of which is a large circular bed representing the city seal. In the lagoon bordering the (larden will be shown rare nvmpheai (among them \'ictoria Regis), nelumbiums and semi-aquatics and rare grasses for shore planting. ;\lanv new varieties of gladioli, geraniums, roses and crotons will be shown. A large exhibit of fancy conifers will also be a feature of the Garden as will a lagoon effect after the Japanese style, pagoda, rustic bridges, etc. It is generally expected that the Garden will be made a [jermanent feature of the park system. The growers of the country have responded generously to the request of the Garden Committee at considerable trouble and expense to themselves and have done all that is possible to make the affair a success. \\'ithnut doubt the Gonvention (iardcn will liecome a permanent adjunct to all future conventi(-)ns of the society^ but there is an infinite amount of detail work which nuist be attended to and which should, as a matter of fact, com- mence in the autumn preceding the meeting, but experi- ence renders all problems easy and the work undertaken at .Minneapolis and Boston will be of great benefit to other cities. The develoi)mcnl of thi> garden has been under the per- sonal supervision of James U. Shea, Deputy Commission- er of the Boston Department of Parks, and to whom all credit is due for the successful undertaking. Born in Boston in 1863, Mr. Shea received his early education at Boston College. He took a course in land- scape architecture at Lawrence Scientific School, Harvard College, and entered the Boston Park Department in 1891. Appointed assistant superintendent under the late |ohn .A. Pettigrew in 1897 he succeeded him as superintendent on Mr. Pettigrew's death in 1912. In 1913 iMr. Shea was appointed Deputy Commissioner of the Park and Recreation Department, which position he now holds un- der the following Commission: John H. Dillon, chairman, Thomas F. Galvin and Charles Gibson. If ,( ill 'fi. '^'•***^'*^ti*a>iHiL n, *'v;»|.' 'it .tjr > t) FKAXKLIX r.\Kk II n.UOUXD. TOL(JOG.\.M.\l; UX SCIKJUI.-M.XSTER HILL, FK.WKLI.N r\KK. Gardening the Oldest, Dancing the Most Ancient Art This present epidemic of dancing — wdiich began with the turkev trot, then changed to the bunny hug, Texas tommy, tishworm wriggle, Frisco glide and finally the tango — is the first violent appearance of social neu- rasthenia or hysteria since the fifteenth century. The dancing mania of the Aliddle Ages did not assume the proportions of a social disease until July, 1374, when a frenzy swept through the town of Aix-la-Chapelle and whole mobs of men and women danced in the streets, screaming and foaming at the mouth. This was kept up until they fell from exhaustion, and a great manv of the dancers finished by beating their heads against walls until they heard the overture in the clouds. The dancing mania had its greatest run in the German cities, but milder oiif-shoots reached out like caravans and extended into all parts of Europe. Italy was hardest struck with this plague in the town of Taranto. It became known as tarantism, and was diagnosed by the physicians of that time as a contagious maladv started by the bite of the tarantula s]iider. The Italian doctors tried many ways of curing patients who had the dancing mania. They invented a very fast dance known as the tarantella, to the accompaniment of castanets and tambourines. The idea probably was to let the disease feed on itself, on the same principle that a certain tlose of arsenic will kill, but an overdose will not. It took 200 years for tarantism to run its course in the hot Italian lilood, and historians recorded that the luost effective plan discovered for curing dancing-mania was to bury the patients in the ground up to their necks. Dancing is the most ancient of the arts. Confucius mentioned it and it was recorded in that part of the Hindu Vedas written nearly 8,000 years ago. It is found in three forms : warlike, religious and social. The first dancing probably came as natural as breath- ing: in springtime youth became intoxicated with the joy of life and danced much as we see colts frisking about in pastures. Warlike dancing began when the victors in lialtlc leaped and shouted to express their .satisfaction. There is no primitive tribe where we do not find danc- ing of some .sort to the rhythmic pounding on hollow logs or gourd-drums, or the beating together of sticks. When they haven't musical instruments, they clap their hands like darkeys at a breakdow-n. Dancing is a prettv good expression of the people of a nation — warlike, sensuous, jjoetic or religious. The Greek priests were shrewd enough to make it a part of the national religion. The waltz is the oldest of modern dances. It has been in vogue almost continuously since 1555 when, known as La Volta, it cropped out at Fontainebleau where Henry II. was holding court. 122 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. In 1810 there came a great revival of dancing in Eng- land. Raikes in his journal recorded that the sports of that day ceased lounging of mornings and practiced new dances, prancuig about with a chair when a partner was not at hand. Twenty-six years later, a dance known as the lancers swept into popularity. Four society girls picked it up in Turkey and inoculated London. Queen Victoria was a lancers fiend and ordered it included in the dance programme at Buckingham Palace, where it still is re- tained. Then came tlie polka epidemic of 1844, beside which the present tango craze is mild. The polka was an old peasant dance, handed down with folk-lore. Josef Neruda saw a girl dance it in the Elbeleinitz market place. He showed it to some friends in Prague. From there it spread to Vienna and Paris. Then Cellarius, a Frenchman, probably the greatest dancing master who ever lived, took the polka to London and cleaned up several fortunes with it. The newspapers said that he was kept so busy giving lessons that the ■one hour between 2 and 3 a. m. was the only time he Iiad in which to sleep. None of the freak dances of that time lasted. They were given names like ragtime music : Up Tails All, Lumps of Pudding, The Bath, The Ladies' Misfortune, Rub Her Down With .Straw, and there was one dance ■called An Old Man's a Bagful o' Bones. Here in .'\merica we have originated only one interna- tional dance : the two-step. Most of our other dances were devised by plantation darkeys — cakewalks, reels, clogs and breakdowns — and never "took" abroad, except on the stage. The roller skating obsession of the early eighties put dancing in the background : and when roller skates got common during the nineties, dancing did not come back — bicycles came in. Then bicycles got so common that when they went by boys yelled "Tee !" and for a time it looked good for dancing. But along came automobiles, and it was not until the novelty of riding in an automobile began to wear oS that the recent revival of dancing began. ., The tango did not originate in Argentine. It came from Tango, Japan, a district on the southern shore of Wasaka Ba}- down on the west coast, where it originated some three hundred years ago in the city of Hashidate. Hashidate, Matsushima and Miyashima are the Jap- anese pleasure resorts corresponding to our Newport, Atlantic City and Tuxedo. The music for the Japanese tango was strummed on an instrument known as the stamisen. When .Vrgentine borrowed the dance from Japan and gave it plenty of advertising, they discarded the stamisen and hired brass bands. They also modified the dance just as a composer makes ragtime out of classical music bv eliminating notes in regular combinations to get a syncopated, cho];)pv, snappy effect. Tango itself is an oriental word : the name of the Chinese dynasty that ruled from 618 to 905 A. D. Nearly all sensuous dances originate in the hot coun- tries, and Japan has been a rising point for rivers of dancing that sent out branches all over the world. The famous side-show Hulu-Hulu dance of the Ha- waiians was adapted from the Japanese sacred Hulu dance. We have all been reading of the great awakening of .China, how the Chinese are striving to eclipse the Japs. The success of the Japanese tango evidently made China jealous, for about the time the new tariff bill passed the Senate they exported a Chinese dance known as the tao-tao, which already is eclipsing the tango here in America. "Hop light, ladies, your cake's all dough!" — Exchange. GROWING GRAPES UNDER GLASS. The growing of grapes under glass in England is an old, well-established and extensive business. Moreover, it is in the hands of men who as horticulturists are sec- ond to none, and whose experience with the varieties they are now growing can be of material assistance to us in our endeavors along this line. As this crop is grown under artificial conditions, the matter of climate is not so pronounced as is the case with imported fruits grown in the open ; the chief difiference, perhaps, being those of less atmospheric humidity, and greater light and heat intensity. Both of these conditions can be greatly modified by more frequent "damping down" and by the use of a light shade sprayed on the glass. A list of the varieties of Vitis vinifera would be legion, but perhaps 75 per cent, of the total glass crop of Great Britain is produced by only six or eight varieties. These varieties have proved themselves to possess in a marked degree the characteristics of vigor, prolificacy and quality. The varieties in question are : Black Hamboro or Black Hamburg, Muscat Hamboro, Alicante, Gros Colmar, Gros Maroc, Foster's Seedling, Mandresfield Court and Mus- cat of Alexandria. The last-named is liable to be some- what shy in setting fruit under certain conditions. The best way to grow the European grape is in a thor- oughly drained and carefully prepared vine border, built within the greenhouse and along its sides. The young vines should be planted at least 12 inches from the wall, and if two rods are to be grown from each vine, the vines should be planted 8 feet apart, to allow 2 feet on either side of each rod for the growth of the laterals. From a dormant condition the vines should be induced to break into leaf gradually. Undue haste at this time often spoils a crop. If budding out is slow or uneven, this may be remedied by laying the rods on the ground and syringing more frequently, or syringing with tepid water. The average length of time taken to grow a crop of grapes from that of starting the canes into growth till the fruit is ready to cut, is usually from five to six months. It depends upon the time of year the crop ripens, after which the vines require a rest, and an opportunity to ripen the wood made. The grape crop is really a quick crop when compared with the crops of other hard-wooded fruits, but it requires continual attention. Successive an- nual crops are obtained only by experience, often of a most disheartening nature. The writer spent several years with one of the largest commercial grape growers in England, who had consid- erably more than 12,000 linear feet of glass in grapes alone. Annually these vineries would produce crops of perfect fruit, and varying but little in yield from year to year. The estimated standard or yield for such varieties as Gros Colmar, Black Hamboro and Alicante was one pound of fruit to each linear foot of vine rod. Thus a vine bearing two main rods each 18 feet in length, making a total rod length of 36 feet, would be expected to yield 36 pounds of fruit. During the time of flowering, the setting of the fruit is greatly assisted by gently tapping the canes once or twice a day. Sometinies a rabbit's tail, or soft camel's hair brush,' is used to distribute the pollen, and a third THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 123 expedient is that of dusting the blossoms with Pampas Gras bloom, and so doing the dut)- of nature and the bees ; this has been found to produce the desired result. The grape is a heavy feeder (or in other words, to pro- duce the best results, commercial fertilizers require to be liberally used). In connection with the use of commer- cial fertilizers though, the motto of the amateur should be "festina lente." A little at a time given regularly will produce far better results than liberal ap])lications at dis- tant dates. The grower should bear in mind the different requirements of the grape at different stages of its growth. During the first two months leaf growth is re- quired, and the use of a nitrogenous manure such as am- monium sulphate is beneficial. Nitrate of soda is not quite so safe to use, especially in the case of vines grow- ing in pots. Ammonium sulphate is best applied in so- lution at the rate of a quarter of an ounce to each gal- lon of water, twice a week. With vines growing in a border, the application is somewhat stronger, as watering is not so frequent as is the case with pot-grown vines. When the fruit clusters appear the tips of the laterals are usually nipped oft', leaving two leaves beyond the fruit cluster. During the flowering period and while the fruit is setting, feeding is generally withheld, though some growers with marked success use a little muriate of potash (KCL) at this time. With hard-wooded plants in pots, muriate of potash should be used with care. When the fruit is set and is about the size of small garden peas, sufficient leaf and wood growth should have been ob- tained and the further use of nitrogenous manure is apt to be harmful to the full maturity of the fruit. The bunches of fruit at this period are thinned by means of fine pointed scissors. The smaller berries are removed and the remainder are thinned in tiers, so that each berry will have room to develop to its full size, and the whole bunch ultimately develop the form of a sym- metrical cone hanging point downwards. At this time the energies of the vine are engaged in the development and maturing of the fruit, and the feeding of phosphates and potash in available form will quickly show beneficial results. When the fruit begins to color the proportion of potash may be slightly increased. When using commercial fertilizers it is well to remem- ber that underfeeding is a far safer course than liberal feeding, as an unduly heavy application may prove fatal. Lastly, certain varieties are very subject to sun-scald, and in this instance the variety "Lady Down Seedling" may be particularly mentioned. When any evidence of scalding appears on the berries, the shading should be in- creased, if this can be done without unduly hindering other vines in the same house. — A. G. Logsdail, in Canadian Florist. HOW TO GET A NEW LAWN QUICKLY. In making a new lawn or grass plot, or renewing an old one, it usually takes an entire season to secure even a presentable sward. This gives the dwelling and sur- roundings an unfinished and undesirable appearance, which even the presence of flowering and foliage plants and vines does not entirely relieve or disguise — in fact rather accentuates. To gain time and to secure a very presentable and attractive lawn or grass-plot in the short space of three or four weeks, writes D. Z. Evans, in Suburban Life, I have adopted the method of sowing oats with grass seed. The oats soon come up — in about ten days or two weeks, — and are kept cut down short to make the plants stool out well, covering the entii"e "ground with a pleasing shade of green and giving the eff-ect of a neat lawn, while the small and terrder-grass-shoots are maturing. The oat IS a perennial plant, and dies out in the fall, leaving the roots and crown to decay and furnish plant growth to- the grass plants. As this method can be u.sed even as late as September, — and in one case I successfully used it in October, when there happened to be a late fall, — a very satisfactory show of lawn can be had even though it is done well along in the fall. In preparing the soil have plenty of good top-soil, free from stones and rubbish and finely worked over. Sow the oats freely, but not too heavily, as it will stool out con- siderably in rich well-prepared soil, and then follow with good lawn grass seed of known excellence and mixture. Thoroughly cover the entire bed with a light covering of fine, well-rotted manure, and then rake it over well, to cover the seed. If tlie season is dry, wet down the bed well by sprinkling — not flooding — and leave for a few days. If rain does not come in two or three days, give an- other wetting and then leave until the oats have shown nicely all over the bed. After the first cutting, which should be done when the blades are about five inches in height, see that the lawn is well watered ; the same as an ordinary lawn. In making over an old lawn, thoroughlv break up the old sod and remove all the old grass roots and tops, after which treat it the same way as suggested for a new lawn. The above method will be found very much more de- sirable and far less expensive than having the lawn sodded with field sod, usually secured from places which have weeds of dift'erent sorts in it. Aside from this, such sod is old and often will turn out badly or die out soon,, leaving the lawn spotted with bald places. The method I suggested is an easy one to secure a "quick" lawn, the growing oats also protecting the young and tender grass shoots until the\' are able to take care of themselves. LIMITING HIS DUTIES AS GARDENER.. An applicant responding to a "gardener wanted" ad- vertisement, being favored with an interview and in- formed by the lady that his duties would involve, besides the responsibilities of looking after the flower and kitchen gardens and the lawns, the care of two horses and three cows, looking after the chickens, act a; chauft'eur, assist with the inside kitchen work, tend to the furnace and make himself generally useful, inquired "And what sort of soil have you here?" "Soil!" exclaimed the lady; "what has that got to do with a gardener's position ?" "Well, replied the applicant, who proved to be an Irish- man, "if it is clay I don't want the job, for I am afraid the gentleman may want me to make bricks in my spare time." The Service Bureau National Association of Gardeners Is maintained for the purpose of providing opportuni- ties for efficient and ambitious men engaged in the pro- fession of gardening. This department of the Association is at the disposal of those who may require the services of capable super- intendents, gardeners or assistant gardeners. The co-operation of estate owners is respectfully solicited. Address M. C. EBEL, Sec'y, National .\ssociatii>n of (iardeners, Madison, N. J. Winter-Flowering Sweet-Pea Culture By Anton Zvalonek. The ideal soil for the sweet-pea is sandy loam. Red shell soil is ven- excellent if taken about six inches of the surface ; and very coarse gravelly soil, if well fer- tilized, will also grow very good sweet-peas. Soil taken from swampy places, provided it is not heavy clay, but only black sediment, is very good if not used the same •j'ear. Such soil should, in the fall, be spread out about isixteen inches thick on hi.gh ground. Left there over -winter, the rain and frost will wash out any alkali ■which the soil may contain ; white clover seed scattered ■over this is also very beneficial. In about six months, or say in June, compost may be made of this soil by using one part of short manure to three parts of soil. Use some air-slacked lime and coarse bone. For December and January cutting only large houses should be used so that the sun can penetrate every cor- nier. In such houses it is possible to get satisfactory •crops only durnig these two cloudy months. If you have not an up-to-date greenhouse, the sweet-peas should be sown later, say in October. Sweet-peas sown late this way will not bloom before February, at which time there is sufficient sunshine for a good flowering crop. All that is needed is eight feet of head room. Solid beds of one and a half to two feet of good soil are the best. After the soil is well prepared in the beds, it should be well tramped down, and if too dry, watered down evenly to the base, leaving it for several days until the soil is just in proper condition to work. To prevent slow germination, soak the seed you in- tend to sow in water for about fifteen hours just before sowing. This will cause the seed to soften and swell o that when sown they will germinate quickly. Those seeds which still remam hard should be filed. The best method is to use a very fine flat file, taking one seed in each hand and striking it once or twice over the file just enough to cut the hard skin. The seeds treated in this way should be dropped back into the water, and within another fifteen hours they will be soft, swollen up and ready to sow. When the beds have been well prepared as described above, press the soil down as firmly as possible, and rake everything off very sniooth. Then make rows at least Ave feet apart and drop the seed about three inches :apart in the row, not more than one and a half inches •deep. Be sure before sowing the seed that the soil is in just the right working condition. Never sow seed in soil which is too wet and sticky : rather w-ait a few days until all is right. Aloreover, never sow white sweet-pea seed in dry soil which has to be watered before the seed is up. Any seed of this variety, if sown in dry soil and watered very soon after being sovv'n, will seldom germi- nate. After all the seed is in, rake the surface of the bed very fine for about one inch deep. This will make a -very fine pulverized soil mulch on the top, which dries off soon, thus preventing the lower moisttire from escap- ing, besides keeping the entire lower soil very cool, which is very needful to sweet-peas when starting. If these directions are carried out, no watering will be necessary for ten days at least, or at any rate as long as all the seed is not up, or so long as you can find moisture about four inches below the surface. Sometimes I have let dhree weeks elapse before watering the beds. This meth- od encourages the seed to sink their roots deep in the soil, hunting for the moisture. Such sweet-peas, with deep root^, can withstand the hottest days without damp- ing off, as IS so often the case when the moisture is kept onlv on the surface. If it becomes necessary to water, you should water well down to the base, but not very often, keeping the surface rather dry and well worked. After sov.ing, the temperature should be kept as low as possible : and if the seed is sown in August, when the weather is extremely warm, the glass should be white- washed slightly as long as the hot weather continues. Spraying the plants and glass from the inside between 1 1 a. ni. and 4 p. m. also helps to keep down the ex- treme heat. After the sweet-peas are up the plants may be sprayed several times each day during such hot spells. After the seed have been sown, keep the greenhouse ss cool as possible, admitting air day and night as long as the weather will permit, and there is no danger of frost. The cooler it is wdien the plants are started, the stronger and healthier they become. It is necessary late in the fall to start firing, so that the steam and hot water may be turned in the heating pipes. Keep the tem- perature from 40 to 44 degrees Fahr. at night, never any higher, for ii it is kept too high, the young plants will begin to bloom too soon, and before the roots have had a good start. Such plants, forced in this way, usually ])roduce very small flowers with short stems. The Win- ter Sweet-Pea, if sown in August or later, when well grown should be at least thirty inches high before show- ing the buds. The higher they are in that stage the better the results. I would rather see sweat-pea plants four feet high showing the first buds than two feet. Sometimes during especiall\- warm and bright falls the plants show the tendency to luid very early. In this case I recom- mend picking all the buds as soon as they appear. This will give the plants better root-growth for the later crop. After the plants are two and one-half to four feet high, they will all bud. This is the time to raise the tem- perature, increasing it every night by one or two degrees. If the temperature averaged 44 degrees, make it 45 de- grees the ne.xt day, and so on until 52 is reached. This is the highest temperature for the older winter grandi- flora at night. When in bloom, 60 degrees during cloudy days and 68 during bright days is best. All the new Winter Orchid-Flowering Sweet-Peas, in the first stage, need the same treatment as that just prescribed above lor the winter-flow ering sweet-pea, i. e., 40 to 45 degrees at night and 55 to 65 during the daytime, according to the weather, if bright or cloudy. But after these are in bud and flower, raise the temperature to 55 degrees Fahr. at night and 60 to 65 for cloudy days and 70 to 72 during bright sunny days. This higher temperature is necessary for the new strain, as the flowers are twice as large and the number of flow-ers to the stem twice as many : and the additional warmth prevents the falling off of the buds and causes the flowers to have brighter colors. N'erv often we hear of plants losing all their buds. To prevent this, keep an even temperature, especially during the night. If, during a frosty night, the tem- perature is 55 degrees Fahr. in the greenhouse, at seven o'clock in the morning the glass will be heavily frosted. As soon as the sun comes out the ice inside will begin to melt, causing a heavy dampness in the greenhouse. Many growers usually shut oflF the heating pipe as soon THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 125 as the temperature begins to rise, but this sliould not be done, as the dampness thus kept in the greenhouse causes the buds to fall oft. What should be done is to let the lieat on for a while, but open the ventilator slightly so that the dampness may escape. As soon as the ther- mometer begins to rise one or two degrees, open the ventilator more and more, so that the highest tempera- ture of 70 to 72 degrees may not be reached before 11 a. m. This should also be done gradually during the afternoon. From about 2 to 3 p. ni. begin gradually to reduce the temperature by lowering the ventilator, never leaving it open until the temperature is entirely down to a, but ietling the ventilator go down by degrees. If it becomes necessary to water, select only very bright days when you are sure that the ventilator mav be kept open for several hours at a time. If, after water- ing, there is any sudden change in the weather, start the fires at once and leave the ventilators open as long as possible. After the jjlants have reached the height of about si.x inches, thev should be given something to climb on. The best method and the cheapest is to run one wire on the bottom and one from eight to ten feet above each row, connecting these two wires with strings as is done in the case of smilax. Strings should also be run length- wise of the row, about every ten inches, as the plants advance in growth. At the same time it is well, occa- sionall\-, to help the vines to climb on the strings. The upper wire must be one of the strongest, for when the sweet-peas are in full bloom they are usually ten feet high, and one row of one hundred feet will weigh a ton. If, at any time, the wire should break, all the flowers would Become bruised, crooked and of very little value. In order to divide the weight, wooden or iron supports should be placed by the upper wire everv eight feet. After the sweet-peas have been in bloom for some time and have begun to shorten in stem, they should be fer- tilized. The best thing is liquid cow or sheep manure, or pulverized manure. Nitrate of soda should never be used, for it will do more harm than good. Another thing never to be used is hydrocyanic gas, for, although this destroys all insects, at the same time it destroys all the buds then in formation, so that there will be no flow- ers for many months to come. — Extracts from Anton C. Zvalouck's book on Szvcet-Pca Culture. Old Roxton: The limousine, Peters! And Peters, owing to the present temper of the unemployed, leave out the cut-flowers! — Life. ROOTING CUTTINGS UNDER BELL-GLASSES. Comparatively sj)eaking, there are very few hardy shrubs which cannot be multiplied by means of cuttings. It is not surprising, however, considering the great variety of shrubs cultivated in our gardens, that several dift'erent methods are necessary. Quite soft cuttings made of the young shoots of some shrubs will root during July in a propagating-frame with plenty of artificial heat. During August and early September cuttings made of the half-ripened wood do admirably in a close frame, preferably with a little bottom-heat. October is about the best time to insert cuttings under bell-glasses, as at this season the shoots made during the previous summer are fairly hard or ripe, and will make best plants. Choose a sheltered position under a fence or hedge, Ijrotected from the sun during the middle of the day, yet one where the young plants as soon as rooted obtain plent}- of light. The soil should be well drained, light and sandy ; if at all heavy, a raised bed of soil, kept in position with boards may be prepared. Place in the bottom 3 inches or rather more of rubble or clinkers for drainage : then fill up with 4 inches to 5 inches of light, ! prepared soil consisting of two parts sandy loam, one part | peat, one part leaf-mould and one part coarse sand. !\Iake ' the whole firm and level the surface, spreading over it a , thin layer of silver sand, which will trickle in the holes round the cuttings as they are inserted. For convenience of inspection and attention the prepared bed should not be too wide : a sufficient width to take three rows of bell- glasses is ample. The bell-glasses vary in size from a diameter at the bottom of 4 inches to a foot. The size , of the cuttings must of necessity vary in length and thickness according to the nature of the shrub, whether slender or stout in growth. \r\ average length will be from 3 inches to 6 inches, inserting about one-third of this length in the soil. Whenever possible, the cuttings should be made with a fragment of the old wood at- tached to the base ; this is familiarl)- termed a "heel." In most cases it is desirable to cut off 1 inch or 2 inches at the top of the shoot, the growth being tender or soft and liable to damp ofif in winter. With evergreen shrubs this is not so important, the leaves tending to keep the shoots fresh. Before dibbling in the cuttings, the bell- glass should be placed on the prepared bed and pressed in the sand to mark the outside of the patch of cuttings. The number of cuttings inserted under a bell-glass will depend on the size of the cuttings and the amount of ground covered by the bell-glass. Under a bell-glass 4 inches to 5 inches across it is possible to insert forty to fifty Erica cuttings, as these are only 1 inch \o V/i inches long. A bell-glass a foot across will cover fifty cuttings of Tea Roses. It is not necessary to limit each bell-glass to one kind of cutting. Choose those which are similar in size and which take about the same time to root. Label each one carefully, and put the date when inserted on the label for reference. To prevent the cuttings flagging, rool them in a wet cloth as soon as they are cut off the parent bush ; this will be found more convenient than placing them in water. The cloches used so much in French gardening will answer the same purpose as the bell-glasses ; hand-lights may also be u.sed. As it will be desirable to afford a little protection to the cuttings dur- ing severe frosts, the bell-glasses should be conveniently placed so that they may be covered. The cuttings should be well watered as soon as inserted with a fine-rosed watering-pot to settle the sand round the cuttings. Further" watering will ])robably not be necessary more than once a month till the end of January. — The Garden. 126 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. Photos through courtesy of Lord & Burnham Co., the greenhouse builders. A COUPLE of weeks ago, when motor- ing from Boston through Brookline, Mass., I caught a glimpse over a red tile capped stucco wall, of a greenhouse with pergola at one end and at the other, what I assumed to be the gardener's cottage. Hunt- ing up the garden gate, a knock brought a click in the latch and the jovial gardener let me in. Here is what I saw. YOU can wel terest of si in gray sti rest of the view by a heavy oak THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 127 e the alluring in- npse wlien framed red tile, while the vokingly shut out gate. DE.SIRING to get a general view of the layout, I secured permission to go up on top of the house you can see just back of the gardener's cottage. This is the birdseye view that lay before me in all Its present beauty— all its future possibi ties. When the climbing roses are in bloom on the pergola— what a delightful separa- tion it will make between the location of the residence grounds and the greenhouse, with accompanying gardener's cottage and vege- table garden. 128 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE or AMERICA. MARTIN C. EBEL, Managing Editor. Published bv CHRONICLE PRESS M. E. ]\L\YNARD, President. A. A. FAY, Sec'y. Office of Pulilication 1 Montgomery Street, Jersey City, N. J. New York Office 236 WILLIAM STREET, NEW YORK CITY. Single Copies, 10 Cents Subscription Price, 12 IMonths, $1.00 Foreign, $1.50 Entered as second class matter February 18, 1905, at the Post Office at Jersey City. N. J., under Act of Congress of March 3, 1879. Published on the 15th of each month. Advertising forms close on the 10th preceding publication. For information regarding advertising rates, etc., address .Advertising Department, Gardeners' Chronicle, Madison, N. J. ADOPTED AS THE OFFICIAL ORGAN OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF GARDENERS. Prcsidctit, WM. H. W.MTE, Yonkers, N. Y. Secretary, I'lcc-Prcsidcnl, .1. \V. E\'ERETT, (ilen Cove, N. Y. MARTIN C. EBEL, Madison, Treasure}', JAMES STU.\RT, Mamaroneck, N. Y. N. J. TRUSTEES FOR 1914. N. J.; William Kleinheirz, Ogoi-tz. Pa.: William Peter Duff, Orange Duckham, Madison, N. J.; Alexander MacKenzie, Highland Falls, N John H. Dodds, Wyncote, Pa. Y.; DIRECTORS. To serve until 1915 — John Shore. Harrison, N. Y. ; Thomas Proctor, Lenox, Mass.: William N. Craig, Brookline, Mass.; Frank E. Witney, Fishkill, N. Y.; Robert Williamson, Greenwich, Conn.; F. Kirk, Bar Harbor, Me.: James Bell, New York, N. Y. To serve until 1916 — Thomas W. Logan, Jenkintown, Pa.; John F. Huss, Hartford, Conn.; Tas. MacMachan, Tuxedo" Park, N. Y.; A. Bauer, Deal Beach, N. J.; John W. Tones, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Alexander McPherson, Washington, D. C. : Tames C. Shield, Monticello, 111. To serve until 1917 — A. J. Smith. Lake Geneva, Wis.; Theodore Wirth, Minneapolis, Minn.; Wm. Hetrick, San Gabriel, Cal.; Robert Angus, Tarrytown, N. Y.; Robert Tiottomley, New Canaan, Conn.; Alex. Fraser, Newport, R. I.; Arthur Smith, Reading, Pa. A'oL XMII. AUGUST, VJU. Xo. 4. .\.s we go to press practically all of Europe is engaged in a terrible war. As to the jiLstification of plunging na- tion upon nation into conflict in this enlightened age, to appease the wrath, or satisfy the desire of conquest, of a few monarchies, on this point there can be but one rational opinion entertained. We feel for the host drawn into battle and dread to think of the slaughter which must follow. The entire world will be effected by this overwhelming catastrophe with which the old world has been engulfed. How much the world will suffer, of course, will depend on the war's duration. European hor- ticultural centers are threatened ; in fact, battles have al- ready been fought in the vicinity of some of these centers, so that interests with which many of our readers are closely allied must become serious sufferers. In a calamity, such as we are confronted with, there is little that can be done to relieve the distress of those involved. The prayer of our people should be that God guide those now engaged in sacrificing the lives of their subjects, to an early cessa- tion of this unnecessary slaughter of mankind which some sovereigns appear to believe the .Almighty really con- dones. The unsettled conditions which have been created by the European warfare suggest that man must be content with his lot as he finds it for the time being at least. Those among the gardening fraternity who may be be- coming restless as the summer season is drawing near an end and the fall season is approaching, seeking a change for betterment, or an opportunity for advancement, should consider carefully before vacating any position in which they may now be installed. Retrenchment is at the moment the uppermost thought in the minds of most men, and this includes those who are surrounded with life's comforts and luxuries. Few are thinking of ex- pansion tmtil the outlook becomes brighter than it is at present. Pessimistic utterances are not our strong forte, but the occasion warrants sounding a warning that this is no time to sacrifice a "sure thing" to take chances on an uncertainty. We feel quite certain that the economical moods which materialize now and then on the part of our wealthy citizens are not always warranted or justified, but senti- ment governs rich and poor alike, so when "hard times'' are preached the rich man's nerves seem as much affected as those of his less fortunate brothers. We believe on the other hand, however, that we may console ourselves, no matter what the first effects of the war may be on this country, if adverse they will not be lasting, and that in the verv near future it will enter into an industrial boom unprecedented in its history. But few days remain before the horticulturists and floriculturists of the country will congregate in Boston at the annual convention of the Society of .American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists. The trip to Bos- ton oft'ers an exceptional opportunity both for education and for pleasure : in studying the outdoor plantings in the convention garden, the trade exhibits in the convention hall, mingling with fellow horticulturists coming from all parts of the country and visiting private estates and commercial establishments which are throwing their gates wide o])en to receive the visitors. ^^'e appeal to all gardeners to make a special effort to attend the S. A. F. convention, and the meeting of their national association, which will be held at the con- vention through the courtesy of the sister society. Let the gardeners show their appreciation by having a largely attended meeting of their profession. LIFE AFTER LIFE. Could I but teach man to believe. Could I but make small men to grow, To break frail spider webs that weave About their thews and bind them low. Could I but sing ©ne song and lay Grim Doubt ; I then could go my way In tranquil silence, glad, serene, .And satisfied, from off the scene. But, ah this disbelief, this Doubt, This doubt of God. this doubt of good. The damned spot will not out. Wouldst learn to know one little flower. Its perfume, perfect form and hue ? Yea. wouldst thou have one perfect hour Of all the years that come to you ? Then grow as God hath planted, grow A lordly oak or daisy low, As he hath set his garden ; be Just what thou art, or grass or tree. Thy treasures up in heaven laid Await thy sure ascending soul, Life after life — be not afraid ! Joaquin Miller. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 129 NATIONAL ASSOCIATION NOTES M. C. EBEL, Secretary, MADISON, N. J. SUMMER MEETING NATIONAL ASSOCIA- TION OF GARDENERS, REVERE HALL, MECHANICS' BUILDING, BOSTON, WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 19, AT ONE O'CLOCK. Through the courtesy of the directors of the Society of American I'lorists the National Association of Gardeners will hold its meeting in the Iniilding in which the S. A. F. convention is held on Wednesday the I'Jth inst., at one o'clock. All gardeners and those interested in the garden- ing profession, whether members or not of the N. A. G., are cordially invited to attend this meeting. Several able speakers will address the meeting, among who will be Theodore Wirtli, Minneai^olis, Alinn ; Will- iam F. Gude, A\'ashington, D. C. ; James C. Kennedy, Boston, Mass; Arthur E. Thatcher, liar Harbor, Ale; Arthur Smith, Reading, Pa; and Harr\ A. llun\ard. New York, X. V. All members of the X. A. G. in position to attend the summer meeting should make a special effort to do so. The trip to Boston oft'ers several da\s of pleasant vaca- tion where the visitors will find much to entertain them. From the horticultural point of view there are few jilaces to be visited in this country which will prove more in- teresting than the trip to Boston and its vicinity. THE NATIONAL CO-OPERATIVE MOVEMENT. The Philadelphia Florists Club appointed a committee on co-operation at its August meeting to work in con- junction with the National Committee of the National Association of Gardeners. With this club and the Gardeners' and Florists' Club of Boston, which appointed its committee some time ago, the movement now has two of the strongest clubs in the country, numbering man}- gardeners in their membership rolls, affiliated with it. Practically all the local gardeners societies in the east have joined in the movement and several western societies have signified their intention of doing so this fall. The Redlands Gardeners' Association of Redlands, California, and the Texas State Horticultural -Society, are among those which have enlisted to co-operate with the N. A. G. NEW MEMBERS. During the past month the following new members have been added to our lists : Henrv Gibson, Tuxedo Park, N. Y. ; John W. Baxter, South Dartmouth, Mass. ; Hugh Lyons, New Rochelle, N. Y. ; John Forbes, Daven- port Neck, N. Y. ; Walter Boggis, Convent, N. J. ; John Scheepers, New Y'ork, N. Y. ; T. Nelson, Stamford. Conn.; Frank Honeyman, Glen Cove, N. Y.: .\ngus MacGregor, Glen Cove, N. Y. AMONG THE GARDENERS Alexander MacKenzie, superintendent uf Mrs. J. Pierpont Alorgan's estate. Highland l-'alls, N. Y., was a recent visitor at Glen Cove, N. Y., where he formerly supervised the Percy Chubb estate. Mr. MacKenzie spent several da_\s in h\> old communil;, \i>iling iiKin_\- of his gardening friends. :!; :{: * Arthur Griffin, formerly of Newport, R. I., is reported to have accepted the position of superintendent of a private estate at New London, Conn. Iniller details are lacking. * * * I-'riends of William Kleinheinz, Ogontz. Pa., who sailed for Germany accompanied by his wife on Jul\- 4, trust that he will have no difficulty in leaving his fatherland to re- turn to his adopted country. Mr. Kleinheinz expected to return al)out Se])tember 1. Peter Dutf, of Urange, N. J., one of the trustees of the N. .\. (]., who expected to return from his trip to Scotland in time to attend the summer meeting of the association, is reported to be finding difficulty in securing transportation home and it now seems dijubtful whether he can return in time for the meeting. John H. Dodds, of Wyncote, Pa., and Andrew .\. Mac- donald, of Somerville, N. J., are both on the other side visiting England and Scotland and expected to return early in September. They will probably find no serious difficultv to obtain transportation when their \'acation is over. j{s * * J. H. Anderson, formerly located at the State School, Owatonna, Minn., has accepted a position of the D. O. Mills estate, Millbrue, Cal. ;|: * * Alexander Shaw has resigned his position as head gardener to judge William 11. Moore. Pride's Cross- ing, Alass. :;: 5{t ^ John R. Ness, of Brookline, and Peter Arnott, of Chestnut Hill, Mass., sailed on July .il for an extended liritish tour. The Shrewsbury and lulinburgh shows will be visited. Professor C. S. .Sargent, head of the .\rnold Arbor- etum, is one of the many detained abroad owing to the war. The war has prevented several gardeners in the vicinity of I^oston taking their vacation abroad. * * * Edward R. Snnth, formerly of Faulkner Farm, Brook- line, Alass., has accepted a position as head gardener to Miss Myra Hall, Pittsfield, Mass. Mr. Smith was for three seasons a student in the landscape class conducted by the Gardeners' & Florists' Club of Boston. ;i! * * James Methven, head gardener on the \'an Brunt es- tate, Milton, Mass., is convalescent after a long and painful sickness. \'isiting members of the N. A. G. should not fail to look over the Boston Park system and .Xrnold .Vrboretum. At the latter in.stitution the veteran Jackson Dawson will be glad to show courtesies to all visitors. The Private Gardener in Commercial Fields The subject of our sketch, Chas. H. Totty, of Madison, N. T., was born in Shropshire, England, in September, 1873, and is now forty-one years old. In his early 'teens in common with most other youthful seekers after horti- cultural knowledge he served his three years appren- ticeship and was passed along to Dickson's celebrated nurseries at Chester in 1890. He is at all times willing to bear testimony to the good that a young fellow derives from such nursery experience. He says a few weeks spent in getting up orders in a first-class nursery gives an observant young man an almost cyclopedic knowledge of plants, if his memory is good and he concentrates on his work. Too many of our American boys in this age of specialization never acquire even a speaking acquaint- ance with the numerous varieties of trees and shrubs, not to mention the thousands of varieties of orchids and stove plants, in cultivation at the present time. After a year at Dickson's, Mr. Totty went to the Norris Green Estate in the hands of the Gladstone family, locat- ed at West Derby, Liverpool, immediately adjoining the estates of the Earls of Sefton and Derby. This estab- lishment was largely known for the quantity of excellent fruit grown there and the training in fruit growing there received during his two years' employment, was a great help in rounding out his horticultural knowledge, which previously had been confined to plants and flowers. In May, 1893, Mr. Totty came to America and secured a position with Mrs. F. F. Thompson, Canandaigua, N. Y., although this estate was not nearly so large at that time as it is now. In the spring of 1895 he returned to New York and drifted out to Pitcher & Manda's establish- ment at Short Hills. X. J., looking for a position. They sent him to the Twombly Estate at Madison, N. J., in which town he has remained ever since. He was largely responsible for the chrysanthemums exhibited from this estate from the year 1898 to 1903, which gave the name "Florham Farms"' a world-wide reputation. In 1903 Mr. Totty started into business for himself at Madison, buying out the Hart greenhouses of that place. His expert knowledge of chrysanthemums to- gether with his extensive acquaintance among the ex- pert growers of the country served him in good stead. In l909 the opportunity presented itself to lease the Twombly Greenhouses, where he had taken his first posi- tion in Madison. This establishment with its large glass area and commodius packing sheds was just what was needed to take care of his rapidly increasing business. From the first Mr. Totty has made a specialty of pro- ducing high-class stock of chrysanthemums, carnations, roses, and other novelties that show merit. In 1910 he was given the exclusive American agency for the Wells- Pockett varieties of Novelty 'Mums. It will be noted in any exhibition that most of the first-prize 'Mums are varieties that \lr. Totty introduced to the American trade. He is the introducer of the single type of "]\Iums which have become so popular the past few years, and also the Early Flowering 'Mums, which are now almost as exten- sively grown as Geraniums. In reference to the latter type, he has this past year signed an agreement with August Nonin of Paris, France, bv which he becomes the sole American agent for this grower, who has done more than anyone else in the world to improve this Early Flowering type of Chrysanthemum. At the present time Mr. Totty has a great many Early Flowering seedlings under test at his Madison establishment. \\'hile the catch-phrase "Totty's 'Mums" is world-wide, his novelty business is not confined solely to this flower. In 1911 he introduced the English rose, "Lady Hilling- don," to the American trade. In 1912, in conjunction with the E. G. Hill Co., of Richmond, Indiana, he dis- tributed the French variety Sunburst. In 1913 he gave us the pink rose "Airs. Geo. Shawyer," which is an Eng- lish seedling grown by Lowe & Shawyer and introduced to the English trade by that firm. This latter variety seems destined to become one of the most popular pink varieties grown. Mr. Totty is also the American agent for Hugh Dick- son, Ltd., of Belfast, Ireland, for his Novelty Roses, and as "Dickson" is a name to conjure with we can hope to CH.\ELES H. TOTTY. hear a great deal more of him in this connection in the future. Mr. Totty is an ex-president of the New York Flor- ists' Club, and at the present time a trustee of that body ; he was for three years president of the Chrysanthemum Society of America ; in 1912 was appointed a director of the Society of American Florist & Ornamental Hor- ticulturists. He was appointed chairman of the Na- tional Flower Show in New York in 1913, and his work in that capacity still speaks for itself. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 131 NUT CULTURE FOR FUN AND PROFIT. By H. E. Vax Demax. There is an increasing interest in nut culture all over America, and ver\- properly so. This is largely owing to a better knowledge than formerly of the value of nuts as an article of food and in some degree to an increase of production through their culture in the hands of intelligent and enterprising growers. The most valuable of all the native nuts of America is the pecan, known by botanists as Hicoria pecan. It is the best nut in all the world, so far as discoveries have been made, unless it be the cocoanut, which has a wider field of usefulness because of its oil used in commerce and manufacture. But for richness of ker- nel, delicious flavor and generally satisfying qualities to the consumer there is no other nut that is its equal. Its natural range is from southern Iowa to Mexico, but mainly in the valley of the Mississippi and its trib- utaries. Unfortunately, for its general culture, the southern tj'pes of the pecan, which bear the best nuts, are tender in tree, and not suitable to the more north- ern sections. It was in Louisiana that the first efforts were made in pecan culture, and in the culture of any of our native nuts as well. This was done by the French and Spanish pioneers, who, seeing the excellent character of some of the wild pecans, planted them about their homesteads and some of those trees, now centuries old. are yet standing. But it was not until recent years that propagation by grafting and budding was undertaken. Xow it is a common practice and the culture of many choice varieties is extensive and emi- nently successful in the cotton-growing area. Stuart, Schley, Success, \'an Deman, Pabst, Money- maker, Alloy, belmas and Frotscher are among the best of the choice varieties, and grafted and budded trees ma}- be bought reasonably. They should be planted in rich land and not nearer than 60 feet apart, and 100 feet is a better distance. But the culture of the pecan in the regions north of the cotton belt is a most desirable thing to attain and it is being attempted by selecting the choicest varie- ties of the hardier t\pes of the species and propagat- ing them by grafting on to seedlings of the same type. In the creek and river bottoms of the southern parts of Indiana. Illinois and Missouri there have been found a very few varieties that are reasonably large, thin shelled, that have plump kernels that come out of the shell easily and that are produced abundantly on hardy trees. These are being tested out and trees will soon be for sale by the nurseries, although it is too soon to list many varieties now. Indiana, Major and Green River are the best of those now known. There is one species of hickory that grows over a large territory, from Xew England to Wisconsin and Missouri, that is well worthy of far more attention than it has yet been given. This is commonly known as the Shagbark or Little Shellbark, otherwise Hicoria alba. In quality of the kernels it is scarce!}' inferior to the pecan and some think the flavor even superior. The nuts are highly esteemed and find ready sale in the market at good prices. The size is somewhat variable and the shape also, but the nuts average about an inch in diameter and are oval or roundish in shape. The shell is reasonably thin and the kernels are not very hard to extract. There are a few varieties that are far better in all respects than the average and some of them have been named and are being propa- gated by budding and grafting them on to seedlings of their own species. Among these are the Rice. Kirt- land, ^^'eiker and Milford. It is quite essential that the kernels and shells be of such character that they part easily, that the meats may be extracted in halves, for upon this point de- pends much of their value. There are many such kinds and they should be sought out and none others planted. Seedlings from them would be of more value than if any kind of hickory nut was planted, but there is no certainty and little probability that nuts of very su- perior value would be secured in this way. The plant- ing of groves of hickory might be done with such seed- lings or with the nuts placed directly where the trees are to stand. There are thousands of waste corners and little fields that could be covered with hickory trees at small expense that would change them into a condition that would be beautiful, profitable and last- ing. Among the oldest of the cultivated nut trees is the walnut. The species that is commonly grown for its nuts, Juglans regia, is a native of parts of eastern Europe and Asia Elinor, and was brought to France and the British Isles by the Romans centuries ago. In America it is commonly called "English" walnut, but Persian is a more suitable name and the one now considered proper. The early settlers in America brought it from England and France to our eastern coast and the Spaniards to the Pacific coast. Owing to climatic causes, in part, and others not well under- stood, there has been little development of the walnut industry east of the Rocky mountains, but on the Pa- cific coast it has grown to be a large and flourishing business. The walnut growers of California are in the lead, but Oregon and Washington are likewise adapted to the business, and many orchards are now being planted there. In the eastern States there is wide opportunity for walnut culture, that is almost untouched. The climate of the Central States seems to be unsuitable to this tree, but there are many trees in the Atlantic States, both old and young, that are flourishing and bearing good crops of nuts. Some of them are in Pennsyl- vania, Xew York and Xew Jersey, and there is no good reason why there may not be thousands more planted with success. It is a neglected industry that will, in due time, it is hoped, be developed as it should be. The varieties that have been planted in nearly all parts of the country have been seedlings, and for the most part of types that are rather tender. In general, those af the Pacific coast are not suitable to the At- lantic regions, but occasional trees have been found that are not only hardy but bear superior nuts in abun- dance. From these trees young ones are being propa- gated by grafting on native walnut stocks, chiefly of Juglans nigra, that are well adapted to the wants of planters in the Eastern States. Rush, Cumberland, Hayes and Pomeroy are some of the best. A few of the Pacific coast varieties seem to be suitable to east- em conditions, among them Mavette Frauquette and Wiltz. The soil best suited to walnuts must be deep and rich, not low and wet. but well drained. Some bottom lands are very good if dr}% but rich uplands of a rolling character are better. The distance apart to plant walnut trees is about 50 feet. More would be better than less, because of the large size they finally attain. They will live and bear for a century or more, if planted in proper soil and cli- mate and are well cared for while young. Walnut trees are well suited for planting among peach, plum and other early-bearing fruit trees, the latter being temporar}- and subject to removal when their room is needed. Of the Asiatic walnuts there are several species, the 132 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. best being from Japan, but none of them have nuts of much value because of their thick shells and the diffi- culty in most cases of getting out the meats, although the flavor is delicious. Juglans cordiformis is the best, although not the largest of them. J. Seiboldi and T- Manchurica both make large and umbrageous trees and are very useful where shade trees are desired. All are reasonably hardy. We have several American walnuts that make ma- jestic trees, and their nuts are of e.xcellent qualitv. The most conspicuous species is Juglans nigra, the common black walnut, and in stateliness and vigor of trees it excels all of the genus. While the flavor of its nuts is always good there are some of especial merit in this respect, and also in size of nut, plumpness of kernel and ease of extraction. A very few such have been brought to notice and will be propagated in due time. The butternut, or Juglans cinerea, is another of our native walnuts that has very richly flavored nuts, but the shells are very rough and thick. If this species was crossed with J. regia the resulting hybrids would prob- ably be of much value because of the hardiness of tree and superior flavor of the nuts. THE PERSIAN CYCLAMEN AS A BIENNIAL. After numerous experiments during the last twentv- five years, I have proved, to my own satisfaction at all events, writes C. Blair in The Garden, that bv far the best results with this grand plant are to be had" by treat- ing it as a biennial. I am aware that numbers of good gardeners disagree with this, holding that it is impossible to have really fine plants by this method. I am satisfied in my own mind, however, that with proi)er treatment quite large plants can be had in beautiful bloom fifteen or sixteen months after the seeds are sown. These easily beat the best old plants for size and substance of flower, while they also bloom for a longer period. Being verv successful with this almost indispensable winter and spring flowering plant, perhaps a few notes on how I manage to obtain these satisfactory results may be of interest to others who admire the Persian Cyclamen. In most cases seeds are sown at too late a date. Num- bers of seed catalogues say that from October to March is the proper time. This may be well enough where a house can be devoted entirely to this plant, but for ordi- nary mixed culture it is much too late. I have always had the results by sowing from .\ugust 9 to 15. Select fairly deep and perfectly clean seed-pans, those about nine inches in diameter being very handy. Crock with great care, and place some of the rough riddlings from the soil over the drainage. The soil should be a nice light, but fairly substantial mixture of three parts fibrous loam, one part flaky peat, one and a half parts sweet leaf-mould, and one part rather coarse, sharp sand. The addition of about half a part of crushed charcoal is a great help, as it keeps the compost sweet. Pass all through a half-inch riddle and mix thoroughly. Fill the pans to within about an inch of the tops, and make moderately firm and quite level. Scatter the seeds verv thinly and evenly, and press down gentlv with a flat piece of board. Sieve a little of the soil and cover to a depth of about an eighth of an inch. Water carefully either by plunging in a bucket of tepid water or by using a very fine rose on the watering-can. Cover each pan with a sheet of glass, and the glass with thick brown paper or damp moss. Place in an intermediate tempera- ture, and in about three weeks' time the first of the seed- lings will be peeping through. As soon as growth appears, remove the paper, but shade carefullv from all sunshine. After all the seeds of the choicest flowers not only perpetuates these colors have germinated, gradually remove the glass and get the pans set up on a shelf quite close to the roof glass. Here they should be kept all the winter, attending to them very carefully with water, but also taking care not to sour the soil by too frequent applications. It is a mistake to attempt this too soon. Experience has shown me that February is early enough, and by then each little plant should have four leaves. Two-inch pots should be used, and these should be crocked with three or four small pieces of charcoal. A mixture similar to that advised for seed-sowing is suitable. Pot lightly and leave half of the little bulb above the surface, water, and return to the same temperature, shading carefully. Sprinkle gently overhead twice daily from the time of pricking off until September. As growth starts in earnest, remove to a slightlv lower temperature, and when the little pots are fairly well filled with roots (they must not be pot-bound), shift into larger pots. The very strongest may be allowed the 4-inch size, the others 3-inch or 33/2-inch, according to strength. Use much the same compost, only a little more peat may be given, also a 5-inch potful of bone- meal and the same of Ichtemic Guano to the barrow- load of soil. Again pot lightly. As the weather improves, admit air in increased vol- ume and pay great attention to watering. Shade from all sunshine is imperative, as is the sprinkling overhead. Some good growers advise removing the plants to a cold frame during the summer ; but, personally, I prefer a greenhouse stage. Tomatoes on the roof, not too thick- ly planted, afford the proper shade, and under these con- ditions the plants are always under the eye and thrive beautifully. For the strongest plants provide perfectly clean 6-inch pots. For the medium specimens tlie 5Vj-inch size, and for the weaker ones 5-inch pots are best. The soil should consist of three parts best fibrous loam, two parts best fibrous brown peat, one and a half parts of sweet, flaky leaf-mould, and sufficient coarse sand to keep all sweet. Crushed charcoal may with advantage be added, while a 6-inch potful of bonenieal and a 5-inch potful of Thom- son's Plant Manure or Ichthemic Guano must be allowed to each barro-load of the other ingredients. Use in a fairly rough state, as the idea is to provide a nice "springy" compost. Crock the pots with e.xtra care and again pot lightly, keeping the bulbs half their depth out of the soil. Water carefully and keep rather close for a few days. As soon as the pots are well filled with roots, feed about twice a week with weak liquid manure and soot-water. .\ tablespoonful of Ichthemic ('luano in a gallon of water is one of the best stimulants it is possible to have for the C_\clamen. A'aporise occasionally to keep down green fly and thrip, and in due course a fine display will be the reward for anv little trouble incurred. GLOXINIAS FROM SEED. Gloxinias may be had in bloom almost all the year by judicious management. When required for early flower- ing those that start first should be selected, carefully shifted into other pots and be kept near the glass as they depend much on light for a rapid and luxuriant growth. Gloxinias can be flowered in the most satisfactory manner within six months from seed, writes H. F. East in Canadian Florist. Hence there is no longer the least temptation to propagate these plants by the lengthy and troublesome method formerly in vogue, especially as seedlings raised from a reliable strain produce flowers of the finest quality, both as to shape and style of growth. One great advantage to be obtained from seedlings is an THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 133 almost endless variety of color, for careful hybridisation but produces other fine shades also. Those who have never seen a large and well grown collection of seedling glo.xinias have \et to witness one of the most striking- displays of floral bcautv. There are three distinct ty])es uf glo.xinias and all need exactly the same treatment. The drooping strain is the oldest, and is graduall}' giving place to the hori- zontal, and the erect classes. They display their flowers to so much greater advantage than the drooping class that there is good reason for the increasing favor shown to them. It is not generally noticed that c)uite as much has been done for the foliage. The best strains now pro- duce grand leaves which grow downwards and inwards in such a manner as almost to hide the pot so that its foliage has an extremely ornamental appearance. Ihose who care for a display at Christas can have it from seed sown in June, and further sowings late in the year should produce plants to flower successively in almost every month of the year. The soil most suited to gloxinias is light porous com- post of fibrous loam. If tiiat is not obtainable leaf mould will answer, mixed with peat and silver sand in ecjual parts. New pots are advisable, or old ones must be thoroughly cleansed ; free drainage is essential to suc- cess. Fill with soil to within half an inch of the top, sow thinly, and slightly cover the seed with very fine earth. Place the pots in a warm, moist position, carefully shad- ing from the sun. A light sprinkling of water daily will be necessary. Immediately some plants are large enough for shifting, lift them tenderly from the seed pan so as to least disturb the rest, and prick off into two inch pots in which the soil has a convex surface. Follow this process as plants are ready until all the seedlings have been transferred. W'hen potting allow the leaves to rest on the soil, but avoid covering the hearts. On the first warm day give air on the leeside of the house, briefly at first and in- crease the time as the flowering period apjiroaches. A clear space between each plant is necessary to ]jrevent the leaves of neighbors meeting. The final shift shoifld be into four inch or four and a half inch pots, unless extra fine specimens are required, and then one or two sizes larger may be used. An occasional dose of weak manure water will also be beneficial, taking care that the foliage is not wetted. THE MIDSUMMER FALLOW. llv Karl Lamikxhi'.ck, Wheat has now been very generally harvested and the returns, in most all sections, are very gratifying. Where the harvest has not come u[) to expectations, the trouble has been due to specific causes in individual fields, rather than to general ones. Of the chronic causes, it is im- necessarv to speak. But, many cases have come to my notice, in spite of good husbandry, where the wheat had fallen and the grain could not develop and ripen. The general conditions were, however, so favorable that fields in which there w^as trouble with weak straw, and which were predicted not to yield more than fifteen or eighteen bushels, gave thirty. Men w'ho succeed are always men who learn from failure. They are not those who throw up their hands and say, "farming is such a complicated business that you can not know : buy what fertilizer you can and let it go at that." Was your drainage right? If there is doubt about it, invest in some tile for the new field and put down a couple of lines. But get advice about it. Put in the tile where the labor will cost least and yet work it with a complete system to be carried out section by section in the future. If you own the farm, do some of this rather than spend all your money for a hand to mouth fertilizer purchase. If you are a tenant, squeeze the owner to do this, or a part of it, for you. Don't let the demonstration of this failure slip by without pull- ing him up to do his duty in bringing up his land. If failure does not lie here, are the soil and subsoil of tlic- new field you are jjlowing like those of the old? If so, and wheat is in the rotation, stop before you decide to put it in. "S'ou have time, before seeding, to get advice from your State authorities. Some other croj) might be safer. If you are plowing under a sod or manuring heavily, and your soil has not been limed for some years, remein- ber that the condition under which decomposition bac- teria, which convert them into humus, thrive best, is in land that is sweet. This is a most important matter for the summer fallow is short. The best men started in plowing at the earliest moment, even at the expense of inconvenience, to gain time for it. From the desirability of quick sweetening, so as to leave as much time as pos- sible for imdisturbed bacterial humus-making, the most soluble and quick acting lime is by all odds the cheapest, in spite of greater first cost. This is the hydrate. If properlv spread on the sod and turned under, one third of a thousand poimds per acre dressing will be taken up almost immediately by the soil moisture and cut the acids. The rest will follow by diffusion and chemical action so quickly, even in dry weather, that carbonate can not be detected in 8 weeks time. Lime, when ground, or as hydrate, is best spread on a sod and plowed under with it. Or, if plowing is already done, it should be put on and harrowed in as soon as possible. If \'ou have al- ready manured, however, do not lime until after a rain has leached the animal matter into the soil. Else you will lose ammonia. Summer liming should be light, not over half the late l'"all or early Spring practice. SPECl.MI.X KIIAIIS FLAnEI.T.IFORMIS (rillXAl RATTAX PALM. GEO W. HES.S, SIPERINTEXDENT U. S. BOTANIC GARDEN, WASHINGTON, D. C, IN FOREGROUND. An American's Glimpses of European Horticulture By Mrs. B. H As for nature's flower show in England, it began as soon as we landed on the Devonshire coast. From Ply- mouth to London, the crimson clover gave us our first real idea of Crimson Clover. A deep rich crimson, with no mauve tinting, the flowers smaller and longer than our red clover. In this locality, the terra cotta soil, bril- liant in the sun, and the rocks of even redder sand-stone were most unusual. Here would be a field all fresh green, with some spring crop, and perhaps next to it, one of these red fields ready for planting and the effect against a background of towering red rocks, with the blue sea in the distance, was indeed beautiful. These fields showed a most remarkable preparation, so thor- oughly worked as to look as if they had been hand rakeil. Fields and plots upon the downs, or rolling hills, as we would call them, were laid out as if by landscape architects, in plain geometrical figures, outlined by hedge- rows. This was brought about by the division of prop- erty, in cases of large families, or many families in one location, and each has a little plot here, there and every- where. One learns in England to appreciate the hedge- rows. Every landowner, large or small, is so very proud of them, and they are cared for religiously, far more so than are the stone walls on estates in this country. There are hedgerows of Hawthorn, hedges of .Spirea and of a low-growing shrub, which no one seemed able to name, but the branches intertwined themselves until it was quite impassable. Nature is kind in England, for ivy covers everything. Trailing over unsightly tree trunks, over fence posts and carpeting the bare ground. It made one envious to see it growing so lavishly when we have to struggle so hard to have it in our homes. English landscapes are beautiful, but I cannot truth- fully say that nothing so fine can be found in America. To be sure, England is older in the art of landscape archi- tecture, and years and years ago, when her trees were planted, they were planted with a thought for the effect they were to produce. We wondered, too, why trees, al- most without exception, were so symmetrical. This is due in a measure to the absence of sweeping winds and severe winters. So many of the plantings of trees, just out in the pastures and fields, were planted in round or oblong clumps. These clumps, with each tree a specimen, made a wonderful effect, as you looked over the downs, from some rise of ground. On investigation, we learned that these were planted in this manner for the effect they would produce. Government ownership of all wooded land must have great influence upon the preser- vation of these trees, and the natural beauties of Eng- land. All estates are bought separate from the timber. After a sale is made, the trees are appraised, and the buyer must then pay the government for the trees. Even shade trees above a certain size are liable to appraisal, and no tree may be cut down without a deal of red tape, in gaining permission to do so. An afternoon spent at Ascot House, one of the estates of Leopld de Rothschild, was of unusual interest. It is to be expected that the horses will hold first interest, but next to the horses, I believe the natural beauties have second place in the hearts of the owner, who spends much time there. The estate at Gunnersbury is noted for the magnificent greenhouses, but at Ascot House, nature is supreme. The color effects of the trees in the wooded parts of this private park and around the lawns of the house were especially noticeable. The golden conifers, the white and red maples, nearby the white barked birch, trees of ammond Tracy. holly, the dark glossy green leaves next those of the variegated-leaved variety, planted among darker foliaged trees, made an effect which we cannot attain in America because of our climate and our winters. Many of these trees will not live here, though the varying colors might be produced with shrubs. As we came near to the house, a by-path led to a cross- ing of two paths. At the intersection of the flag stones, or rather in one corner of the intersecting paths, stood an immense weeping birch, ages old. Trained branches formed arches over the four paths and the long trailing stems gave a tropical effect. One of the paths led to the winter tennis court, surrounded on four sides by a tower- ing hedge of Box. Another led to the sun dial lawn. Perhaps with the aid of keen imagination, a description may give a slight idea of this lawn. A plot of ground about 150 feet square, the hedge of the lawn tennis court for one background, and a lower box hedge on two other sides, the remaining side open to the main lawn and ter- races stretching away in front of Ascot House. In the center of the Sun-dial 4awn, the numerical figures of the clock were planted in box, each figure about one and one half feet high and five feet long — living, growing hours, and around this living clock, w^as the motto, also of Bo.x, "Light and shade by turn, but Love always." No one of our party seemed inclined to talk, as we looked at this truly beautiful bit of topiary work. It was an aljsolutely perfect spring day — the birds and every living thing seemed attuned, and these lines came to me. "The kiss of the suji for pardon. The song of the birds for mirth. One is nearer God's heart in a garden. Thau any plaee else on earth." l.A.-l li.l;u.\u:, WINDSOR LWSTLK. LOXUOX, ENGL.\XD. All visitors to England are privile.ged to visit certain portions of the grounds about Windsor Castle, but we were especially favored as we had for our guide, the King's gardener, and his formidable lookin.g bunch of keys, opened many doors closed to visitors. The green- houses were regal in more than name. Those for the finer flowers were built in the most modern and magnificent style. The floors were laid in mosaics and every inch of space was immaculate. Two houses will long be remembered. The croton house was a marvel of coloring, every sort and color of croton, grown in the finest way, but the intense heat made it impossible to stay long. The other was arranged in a color scheme one does not often see in a greenhouse. All in shades of rose and purple, from the dainty schizanthus. the coral begonia, bouganvilleas against the side glass and THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 135 banked in the corners, while from the back of each, on rows of shelves (for the plants were all grown in potsj trained fruchsias were growing. Just the common ever\'- day fuchsias, both single and double, trained up the sides until they reached the roof and then grown along a trellis to the center of the roof. The green foliage massed against the glass and the great trusses of purple and rose bloom hanging down. There were greenhouses for grapes, figs, strawberries and nectarines, all showing the same expert cultivation. The kitchen gardens were most interesting, and here as in every garden of any size, we saw the fruit trees trained against the garden walls. Peaches, cherries, apples and plums, immense trees and all heavily fruited. For pro- tection against what frost they have, large hooks were fastened into the wall, from which canvases were hung when needed. The pear tree pergola, surrounding a portion of the vegetable gardens was a feature. Pear trees, with trunks measuring a foot or more in diameter, were trained over an iron trellis about five feet high, and the trees were set full of fruit. In the hot beds, we found our sweet corn, growing as a "specimen," which would soon be transplanted to the flow'er garden. In several other localities we saw it growing in this environ- ment, as we would use the tall ornamental gras.'^es. The grounds about the castle are kept most immaculate, and as we walked toward the Long Walk, we had glimpses on all sides of the two hundred and forty acres of hand- mown lawn, mown either by hand or horse machines. Gatton Park, the home of Sir Jeremiah Coleman, is considered one nf the most naturally beautiful places near London. Historically famous even before it was given to Anne of Cleves after her divorce from Henry the Eighth, and later the home of the Countess of Warwick, the beauties and attractiveness are not easily described. Three thousand acres given up to such an artist in land- scape gardening as was "Capability Brown" would of necessitv be productive of magnificent elTects, but any one looking for formal landscape effects would be dis- appointed. Many minds and hands have had a share in achieving the present natural beauties, which have always been the prominent motive. The noble clumps of trees on a distant hill, the massed foliage and the sweeping lines of the surrounding country, give an unusual beauty to this country seat. As we stood on the broad terraces in front of Gatton Hall and looked across to the wonderfully green wooded hills, Sir Jeremiah told us the history of three lakes, which were in our line of vision. The river Mole runs through the estate and "Capability Brown" caused the water to be piped under ground to the first lake, then again under ground to the lake in the Japanese Garden and still under again to ajipear in another much larger lake far oft' to our left. Looking across this lake, we saw the hills from which the world's supply of fuller's earth is taken. One might wander for hours through the diiiferent paths and walks, either to the typical English chapel, where the family attend church each Sunday or to the greenhouses where the famous Coleman orchids are grown, to the Japanese Garden, or to the walled in Rose Garden, but everywhere the same tone of natural beauty would impress you. \^'hatever had been done, wdiatever device used to produce the desired effect, the result w-as purely natural. In the lightly wooded parts of the park, as in so many of the park-like estates, we came upon such pictures of naturalization, here a perfect sea of blue bells and peasant- eyed narcissus, or sheets of purple crocus near great patches of pink hepatica. Honesty, with its rich violet and white blossoms was prominent in many places and the hardy yellow- allyssum made a fine carpet beneath the purple Iris. Ruskin said that gardens as well as houses should harmonize with the surrounding country, certain hues for the simple blue country of England, others for the glorious country of Italy, and in an Oxford lecture we find this sound advice — "bluish purple is the only color wdiich nature ever uses in masses of distant eft'ect, with the pale shades of rose or primrose to give undulations of color." This seems everywhere to be the key-note of most English plantings. Even the shadows are English shadows, blurred, uncertain, blue. To be sure there are many exceptions, but one sees such an array of these blue flowers, that envy vies with admiration, for not many l.ilue flow'ers thrive with us. In the R. H. S. Gardens at Wisley, the deep blues of the Larkspur, with long lines of Madonna lilies, made a picture well worth copying. Here also the Iris Orientalis with spirea and day lil}', planted around a natural pond, was ideal. Madonna lilies along a pergola, over which climbed deep red roses, gave an admirable suggestion. Gardens of one color require a deal of thought in the planning, but one lovely riot of color was produced by shades of mauves, purples, cool pinks and white. That of Lord Brownlow at Ashridge, purple and blue of Delphiniums, with later summer blooming of blue salvias, purple clematis, purple phlox, purple gladiolus. This combination of purple and blue does not appeal to some, but a garden in yellow, pink or rose might be worked out, avoiding any possibility of monotony. At the mention of Iris, an endless range of color pictures conies to mind. Lavenders, blues, bronzes and yellows. One beautiful border planting was made up of these shades of Iris, and the columbine in the same shades, with tufted purple pansies carpeting the foreground. The columbines blossomed above the Iris and gave the planting a li.ght airy look. The marvels of lilacs which the late \'ictor Lemoine gave to the world, provide a sumptuous background for all the late fiowering tulips, and were well used in English gardens and parks. Ikishes laden with lilac blooms, sur- rounded at the base with plantings of cottage or Darwin tulips in jiink, lavender or light yellow, were seen in the Hampton Court gardens. Leaving England for Germany, the direct route to Hamburg has very little of interest from Flushing, Hol- land, across miles and miles of flat country, acres and acres of grass land with very few settlements. These tracts of land are traversed in many directions by road- ways, long and straight as turnpikes, and bordered on each side by poplars. The effect of these long avenues was most unusual, for there were few other trees in sight. We could tell wdien we were approaching any citv or tow-n, by the large plots of small settlement gar- dens, which were intensely interesting. Apparently the ground was set apart by the city governments, for the use of the laboring classes, on which to grow their vegetables. Xearlv every plot had on it some sort of shelter, either a rude shack, or a really artistic little garden house. Flowers were growing in many of the plots, and the tree roses were seen everywhere. In these rural districts, the fruit trees, planted along the highways, as are our shade trees, are under municipal control, and when ripe, the fruit is sold, on the trees, at auction. Horticultural interest at Hamburg was mainly centered in the suburban districts. At Halstenbeck, about nine miles from Hamburg, are the largest tree nurseries in Europe, and it looked as if here might be grown trees enough to reforest the world, but the United States takes practicallv the entire stock grown on these 20,000 acres 136 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. of seedling trees. We motored through about 400 acres. In different sections were storage houses marked for our different states, and in the vicinity of each building were grown trees best suited to the climate of these states. As you know, a seedling tree is a most infinitesimal thing, and the weeding process is of great importance. This weeding is done by women and from six to eight women are watched by one man, who does nothing but watch. Here, as- all through Germany, we were" con- stantly reminded of the rhyme, Germany for the men, England for the dogs. America for the icomen. i k 1 -*- _ - * t ■ 1 ^^-z^ sin Sl^^^ .<*r — — liHi"" ""^^-t'^M^W mm^^ "■ ' -*- ■ -— PW ■fl«— ■- -"•^rm ■:x THK J-.\.\1(JLS I'AL.M GARDtX. FRA.\KK_)KT. (lEK.M.VNV. I believe no one visits Hamburg without hearing of or visiting Ohlsdorf, the largest and most beautiful cemetery in the world. This wonderful God's Acre is the pride of Hamburg. It was planned when landscape architecture, in connection with cemeteries, was unknown except in .America. Two thousand acres given up to beautiful out-of-door pictures. Even the graves of the poor are skilfully planted to avoid all barrenness. As you walk along the winding paths and drives, trees, shrubs and flowering plants attract first attention and for long spaces there is no sign of grave or monument. The collection of conifers is very rich and is arranged according to the country of its origin. Flowers bloom all the year round, from the Christ's Rose in the snow to the late Dahlia and Chrysanthemum. Leaving Hamburg for Ouedlingburg, the beginning of the seed producing district of Germany, you realize why it has been called the land of glorious flowers ; also why Billings said, that if you should put an Englishman into the garden of Eden, he would proceed at once to find fault with it ; put an Irishman into it and he would want to boss it, but put a German into it and he would begin at once to plant it. This spirit of planting is everywhere present. In Brunswick, a city of 144,000 people, the main rail- road station stands on one side of the large city square. As you approach the station from the street side, you see only the upper story and roof, the lower part is hidden by the gardens. Entering these gardens through great gates, fine specimens of palms, bays and shrubs are seen. The porches and loggias are all decorated with palms and bays and in the midst of all this greenery and bloom, for it was Rhododendron time, lunch was served to our party. With the garden all around us, and the busy city streets in the distance, we had no consciousness of the puffing engines in the train sheds behind us. Through all the western part of Germany, the banks of the railroads are heavily grassed over, not bare gravel banks, as so common with us, and all through the grass, tne blue salvia, the bright red poppies and the bachelor button blooms are seen. We were truly in Emperor \\'illiam's country. It was a pretty sight but it was beauty with a dangerous element, for this flower beauty reaches the farms of the peasant farmer and literally ruins his crops, especially any hay or rye fields, for the stock will not touch the poppy. It is even worse than our daisy. As we came nearer to Ouedlingburg, in Prussian terri- tory,-we saw the poppy under cultivation in the market gardens. All gardens are planted in rectangular plots, and the poppy plots, one blaze of red, with scarcely any foliage showing, gave a very gorgeous patch-work quilt eft'ect. They cultivate the poppy for the medicinal qualities, and if gathered before tlie seed ripens, all well and good, but disaster in the adjoining fields, if they ripen before harvest. Ouedlingburg, in the heart of the Hartz mountains, and only a few miles from Thale, is a fine admixture of the ancient and modern German city. It is very popular as a summer resort and doubly attractive be- cause of the mountains and the flower farms. The parks are richl}' planted with Rhododendrons, and the inevitable pansy is everywhere. The electric poles are tastefully decorated with cir- cular "window boxes," bright geraniums and trailing vines, just out of the .street urchins' reach, contrasting nicely with the dull green of the poles. In this great seed producing district, all kinds of flowers are grown for seed, but pansies by the yard, by the acre, yea, by the mile. In seed catalogues, the name of Roemer stands for pansies, aiifl we walked over a few of the OXE OF THE PL.\NT .SHOW HOUSES, PALM GARUEX AT FR.\NKFORT. fields where the Roemer pansies were grown, led by I\Ir. Roemer, blind now after years spent in perfecting the pansy. He would bend over some choice variety and tell us the name and its good qualities, then turn to his son, who guides him, and ask for corroboration. Erfurt, a short distance from Ouedlingburg, was, in the middle ages, one of the wealthiest German cities. It now calls itself the City of Flowers, although its market gardens surpass any in the world. In the beauties of this modern city with the fields of flowers on ever}^ side, one forgets that it was here that the monk Luther struggled through to his God. Just a little way into the fertile lowlands, the celebrated cauli- flower is grown, and the ditches themselves yield the equally famous water cress. I think one associates Erfurt especially with vegetable seeds but the flower seeds are really its greatest industry. It was flowering time, with many seeds ripening, so that we had a fine opportunity to see the seed gathering. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 137 Bingen, surpassingly fair Bingen, came in our line of travel, from Germany to France, and we were awed, as every traveler must be, by the beauty of the scenery. The peculiar deep tone of the green foliage on the heavily wooded hillsides contrasted beautifully with the gray green foliage of the vineyards, and this succession of vineyards, separated occasionally by these wooded iiills, continues along the shores of the Nahe as far as I'rank- fort on the Main. Mere no one fails to visit the I'alm VIEW OF G.\RI)I-:X. I'.M.ACE I)i: PKTIT TRI.\NON, VERS.MLLES, FRAN'CE. garden, which, I believe, is considered tlie hnest in Europe, if not in the world. Certain it is, that here are found specimens of Palms, of wonderful growth and without mark or blemish. This Palm garden or park, is owned and controlled by private individuals, and this accounts for the high character of the place. Absolutely clean in all its phases, and with model cafes, and music such as one hears only in Germany. No rag time, but really gootl music which every German loves and apjire- ciates. The whole tone of the place is highlv educational. Trees are all labeled, greenhouses are models of care ami culture. Each one given over to some special culture, oni for the orchids, another for ferns, near by one for begonias, and bedding plants. The one devoted tn Aquatics and tropical plants, was the most artistic publir greenhouse that it has ever been my pleasure to visit. No crowding together of specimens, hanging baskets, with trailing vines placed so as to give the best effect. But the discordant note was the carpet bedding, in which elaborate scheme, every shade of red was used, and im amount of luxuriant green could drown the discord. The Palm garden, or rather the Palm house, in which grew these magnificent palms, reaching to the roof of the great dome, was immaculately clean, and not a l)it of soil showing. Every part of the planting surface was covered with a luxuriant growth of the brilliant green Salaginella. \\'ith the cascades of running water, the blooming orchids hanging from the roof, the statuary, partiallv hidden behind some palm, one thought only of the conservatories of the story books, Horticulturally, one associates Nancy, France, with the name of Lemoine, and the Lilacs, Begonias, Syringas and Gladioli he brought to such perfection. The work is still carried on bv the son. Here in Nancy, are also found magnificent specimens of trees, towering testimonials of the work of Stanislaus, The Pepiniere Gardens, or nurseries, make one of the most wonderful parks to be found anywhere in France or Germany. Planted originally by Stanislaus, as an educational nurser>-, years and vears of growth have made it a park with a character all its own. It is to Nancy what the Bois de Bologne is to Paris, but the natural beauties and the trees are far better. In a horticultural wav, one looks to Germany for seeds, to Holland for Bulbs, to France for Carnations and Chrysanthemums, but it is to Belgium one must go for Orchids, Palms and Bay Trees, Riiododendrons and Azaleas, and for the bulk of liard wooded plants for forcing. The nurseries present much the same appearance as our American nurseries do. Wonderful specimens of orchids were seen, l)ut the manner of protection from theft of cuttings at the establishment of the millionaire grower, was even more interesting than the orchids them- selves. We were escorted by wooden-shod employees, hustled through each of the 20 houses at double quick, each house unlocked at entrance and locked immediately as we passed out. Entrance to the grounds was guarded by two immense black dogs, each chained. Imagine such a state of affairs at any of our American establishments, and in justice to other foreign firms, it is a pleasure to say that this one stood alone for such methods. Horti- cultural militantism might have prevailed at some time in Belgium, to have made such measure necessary. In strong contrast to this reception, was that given us at the home just across the street, in a quaint Belgium cottage. In the little tea house, near the entrance to this cottage, over which hung the heavily fruited branches of an immense cherry tree, we had Belgian wine, home brewed, and served in real Belgian glasses. Not an hour later, we had old English tea, in the garden of the most modern home imaginable, and the extremes added to the fascination. In one we were miles and miles from home, and in the other, we seemed to have touched American soil. Modern methods of cultivation in the fields pre- vaileil, acres of Azaleas, Bays, and Rhododendrons, being watered by the Skinner system. In Ghent we were impressed with the modern aspect of everything, and yet a little turn into a side street, and we found ourselves in the quaintest, old-fashioned locali- ties. In Belgium, as in Germanv, this admixture of tlie INTERIOR, l.;.\K III' SUI), GHENT, liELGIUM. ancient and modern was so noticeai)le, but, as mentioned before, there was little of old methods in plant or flower culture. Arriving from Paris, at the (Sar Sud, in Ghent, one has such a delightfully restful surprise on entering the station. Wonder at the immensity of the station and its up-to-dateness seizes one, but wonder is soon lost iiT admiration. It is a long walk from the train to the wait- ing room, but as we enter the court we come upon a most unusual i)lot of ground, about 200 feet long by 60 feet wide, planted with Palms and Rhododendrons, with beds of plants, all growing above a lawn-like surface. Grow- ing perfectly, too, for light, air and sunshine came through the glass of the roof. The same arrangement might find an ideal setting in our .American terminals, but there, stations, train sheds and courts were very neat and clean, for all trains were electrified. 138 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. Orchids and lace grow well together in Bruges and we saw ravishing specimens of both. To me, Bruges seemed the most charmingly restful of all places. Its art treasures, its cathedrals, the ancient moats and canals, the dear old lady lacemakers. the quiet elegance of its homes, made a combination found in few small places. Horticulturally, interest centers around the orchids and bay trees as grown at the Sanders establishment, just beyond the city gates. Here one sees bay trees by the mile and orchid houses by the acre. The' ladies of our party left Bruges with very sizable boxes of Orchids from these famous houses, and the contents of one box reached America, 14 days later, in fine condition. Space forbids that I tell of the other good things that came our way, for the treasures of the flowery kingdom were not the only treasures placed before us. At each and every place, host and hostess were mindful of our material needs, and left nothing undone that would add to our comfort or pleasure. But as we left Ostend for England, and a few days later, Liverpool for America, tired to exhaustion of "see- ing things," and yet filled with wonder and admiration at the progress of things horticultural in foreign countries. we remembered with pride, that it was our own Beecher who said, "flowers were the sweetest things God ever made, and forgot to put a Soul into." And as we felt the sea beneath us. we could have sung with a will, our own Van Dyke's chorus. Then it's home again and home again, America for me, In the blessed land of "room enough," Beyond the ocean bars Where the air is full of sunshine. And the flag is full of stars. GARDENING IN THE MIDDLE WEST. The eighth annual horticultural show under the aus- pices of the North Shore Horticultural Society and the Garden Club of Illinois, was held on July 22 at the Durand Art Institute of Lake Forest, Illinois, and was a notable afifair in many respects. Of all the many beautiful North Shore towns of busy Chicago, Lake Forest is the most distinct. Different from all others in the way it is laid out, the streets are more like winding driveways through a huge, beautiful park and located on the steep bluff's of Lake Michigan, fully 100 feet above it. More millionaires with large estates are located here than in any other town in the Middle West, and here flourishes a most progressive horticultural society full of live men, among whom E. O. Orpet, as superintendent of "Walden," the Cyrus H. McCormick estate, with a steady force of over 30 men under him, is leading; and at his side are E. Bollinger and John Tiplady. The latter was in charge of this year's splendid show. There were thousands of Gladioli to greet one on enter- ing the large hall. Among them were the newest and best varieties, but none more admired than the grand novelty Mrs. John Pendleton, Jr., with its large orchid flowering blossoms of delicate pink and deep red blotches in the throat and lower petals; you can't help but fall in love with this charming sort. The collection of perennials carrying off the silver medal gave the visiting florists, of which there were quite a number, a better idea of what can be done in this line than a whole year's study of books. Here they were, perfect specimens of each sort desirable for our climate and location. The good gardener is not the one who knows just all about Roses, how to handle them under glass in factory style, so as to get the greatest amount of flowers, or the one who recognizes nothing outside of Carnations as worth growing. True, we have these men, and let us give all credit due for getting the most dollars out of what we term as "the business," but don't let us on that account think the less of the man who loves plant life to such an extent as to partly, at least, be unconcerned about the money part, who will tenderly and patientiv nurse and care for that Gloxinia, Gesneria or Begonia from the time when the seed is sown until the plants are in full bloom. You will find most of these men among the private gardeners, and the more we specialize as com- mercial florists, the more we will confine ourselves to the handling of just a few sorts of plants to be grown and the more we will look to the private gardener to be the real gardener. Compared with the East, the Middle 'W'est up to a few years ago could pride itself on but few places where the services of good gardeners were demanded on private estates, or appreciated : but all that has been changed. The present generation wants the best, and is willing to pay for it. Good gardeners from all over have been in- vited here, and beautiful grounds are the result. The exhibition of grand flowers held here last week therefore deserves of more than passing notice. It showed the progress made within eight years in horticulture in out- of-door flowers in particular. It proved that a number of earnest and up-to-date men are at work here to pro- duce the best stock possible. They are educating them- selves, and a whole host of others along with them, and before long other towns all through the Middle West will get into the same spirit which exists here in Lake Forest, and whether directly or indirectly, the local florists are the ones more benefited financially by these shows than any one else, and therefore it is their duty, and they should be liberal minded enough, to support and en- courage the men making these shows possible, or who are connected in any way with them. — Fritz Bahr. in Florists' Exchange. THE MAN WHO WINS. The man who wins is the man who works — The man who toils, while the next man shirks ; The man who stands in his deep distress With his head held high in the deadly press. Yes, he is the man who wins. The man who wins is the man who knows The value of pains and the worth of woes, Who a lesson learns from the man who fails And a moral finds in his mournful wails ; Yes, he is the man who wins. The man who wins is the man who stays In the unsought paths and the rocky ways ; And, perhaps, who lingers now and then. To help some failure to rise again. Ah ! he is the man who wins. And the man who wins is the man who hears The curse of the envious in his ears. But who goes his way with his head held high And passes the wrecks of the failures by — For he is the man who wins. — Harvester World. ARE YOU A CHRONICLE SUBSCRIBER? If not, remit one dollar to Gardeners' Chronicle of America, Madison, N. /., and the Chronicle will come to vou for one vear. George W. Vanderbilt, Pioneer in Forestry By Overton Westfeldt Price. Our national prublem in forestry depends chiefly upon the care given to private forests. The men in the United States who first appHed practical forestry to their hold- ings were in a very real sense public benefactors, for they created those object lessons in the methods and the results of forest conservation which were absolutely es- sential to its wider application to private forest lands. First among the pioneers in the practice of forestry on a large scale in America was the late George W. Van- derbilt. It was he who, nearly twenty-five years ago, purchased a great mountain forest tract on the head- waters of the French Broad River and its tributaries in Western North Carolina, and acting under the advice of Gififord Pinchot, tlicn a consulting forester, at once put his forest holdings under conservative management. In those early days it called for a man of much vision and of strong convictions to adopt the practice of forestry. Those were still the days in which forestry was looked upon with indifference by most Americans, and as a chimerical and fantastic theory by not a few. The prac- tical possibilities of forest conservation as a sound busi- ness investment for the forest owner had gained little hold on the public mind and it is exceedingly probable that Mr. Vanderbilt acted in the face of the remon- strance of his business advisers, when he set out to dem- onstrate that forestry can be applied successfully to pri- vate lands, with benefit both to the community and to the man who owns them in fee simple. Two definite and resolute motives actuated Mr. \"an- derbilt in adopting forestry and in continuing to prac- tice it unflinchingly on his forest holdings of considerably over one hundred thousand acres, up to the time of his death. The one was the belief, which has been fully justified by the results which he attained, that Western North Carolina with its rich hardwood forests, and its remarkable possibilities for industrial growth, offered an exceptionally favorable opportunity for good returns from timber growing. The other was the conviction that the ownership of forest lands entails certain definite re- sponsibilities to the public ; for Mr. Vanderbilt was one of those who held that the private ownership of any re- source necessary to the general welfare carries with it the moral obligation of faithful stewardship to the public. I recall an occasion a few years ago on which I heard Mr. \'anderbilt, usually a man of much reserve, speak out from the heart his admirable conception of his duty as the owner of Pisgah Forest. The question of the terms on which a pending timber sale should be made, was before him for decision. He faced the alternative of requiring that cutting under this sale should follow the methods of practical forestry, or of waiving all re- strictions looking to the protection of the forest. He was reminded that the latter method would naturally be more attractive to prospective purchasers, and that its adop- tion would probablv result in a much higher price being paid for the timber. 'T have stuck to forestry from the beginning," said Mr. Vanderbilt warmly, "and I shall not forsake it now. For me to impair the future usefulness of Pisgah Forest in order to somewhat increase present revenues, would be bad business policy. P.ut apart from that, it would be bad citizenship. As I see it, no man is a good citizen who destroys for selfish ends a growing forest." Such was the sincerity and the deep sense of obligation to his fellow men which characterized Mr. \'anderb!lt's policy of forest conservation. Pisgah Forest, its moun- tain slopes clothed in an unbroken mantle of protective tree growth, is his monument. He transformed it by nearly a quarter of a century's efficient fire protection, from a forest characterized by scanty young growth, thin hunuis covering, and impoverished soil, as the result of injury it had suft'ered in former years from excessive grazing and recurrent fires, to one whose silvicultural condition is probably unequaled elsewhere in the South- ern Appalachians. The forest mould has again accumu- lated, and a young growth of remarkable density has sjirung up under the old trees, and in the rich poplar coves of Pisgah Forest and on its slopes and ridges as well, has taken place with the unbroken years of fire protection, a remarkalilc restoration to primeval forest conditions. If a man wants to profit by probably the most forcible object lesson in the results of forest conservation which America contains, he needs only to visit one of the many forest tracts of the Southern Alountains on which nature is struggling against the triple combination of fire, un- regulated grazing and destructive lumbering, and then to feast his eyes on the dense and thrifty growth of Pis- gah Forest, with its thickets of hardwood saplings, its deep humus layer, and its rare freedom from disease. But Mr. Vanderbilt did not only preserve the product- ive capacity of Pisgah Forest. He made it, under a broad and careful plan of development, one of the most easily accessible mountain forests in the United States. In the old days, an excursion into its recesses entailed for its accomplishment an unfailing reserve of enthu- siasm, and the vigorous co-operation of a sure-footed mule. For when Mr. Vanderbilt acquired it, Pisgah Forest was a wilderness, and the only means of penetrat- ing it was over a few dim trails occasionally used by the mountaineers, who dug, "sang," grazed cattle, hunted, fished, and possibly "stilled" now and then within its boundaries. Today good roads run up each of the larger valleys, and a network of well graded trails leads from them to all parts of the property. The aggregate length of the roads and trails probably exceeds 200 miles. The crowning achievement of Mr. Vanderbilt's vig- orous policy for giving Pisgah Forest so complete a sys- tem of transportation as to make it practically a park, was the construction of sixteen miles of automobile road, which make it possible to reach the heart of the tract in a couple of hours from Asheville, and to enjoy a superb panorama of mountain scenery on the way. At its high- est point this road reaches an altitude of five thousand two hundred feet. Biltmore Forest, the second large division of Mr. \'an- derbilt's forest holdings, lies on both sides of the French Broad River near Asheville. As the result of its ac- cessibility, it suffered far more severely from destructive logging than did Pisgah Forest at the hands of its former owners, most of them small farmers, who found a ready market in Asheville for firewood, and for saw logs at local mills. Cutting had been done with an eye single to immediate returns and wholly without regard for the safety of the forest, and fires had been permitted to burn unchecked. There had been much injudicious clearing of steep upper slopes, which, after a few years of unprofitable cultivation, were generally abandoned to erosion, which in the loose soil and exceptionally heavy railfall of the region occurs with remarkable rapidity. But here again forest conservation for nearly a quarter of a century has worked a wonderful change. Stock have been wholly excluded from the forest, careful im- 140 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. provement cuttings aimed primarih- at the betterment of its silvicultural condition have been carried forward, and cleared lands unfit for agriculture on account of steep- ness and thin soil have been planted tc:i trees. Biltmore Forest is today full stocked with a thrifty stand, and producing- a steady and increasing yield of "firewood and small timbers. The forest plantations set out on denuded lands, which cover in the aggregate about four thousand acres, are among the most successful in America ; and Air. \'anderbilt had the well-earned gratification of see- ing harvested as the product of careful thinnings, logs suitable for box boards, grown from seedlings planted as the result of his forethou.ght over twenty years ago. I do not want to close this brief account of the first great object lesson in forest conservation in the United States on private lands without a reference to tlie per- sonality of tiie man who created and enriched it with each year of his faithful stewardship. Air. ^'anderbilt possessed singular gentleness and nobility of spirit, and had an intense and abiding love for the world out-of- doors. As his life lengthened, he was drawn more and more to long sojourns at Buck Springs Lodge, a log structure within a mile of the top of Alount Pisgah, and probably no scene was so dear to his heart as the view from the lodge of the green gorge of Big Creek, winding down among a jumble of mountains to the wide valley of the French Broad with the outlines of the Blue Ridge beyond. During the last years of his life more and more of his pleasure was gained from landscape architecture, of which he was a faithful student and for which he possessed rare power. He laid out in the vicinity of the lodge trails carefully designed tn reveal exquisite glimpses of the mountains, and the^e he developed still further by skillful cuttings which he termed appropriate- ly '"Painting with the a.xe." It was a wholesome sight to see this man of great possessions supervising the de- velopment of vista cuttings for the disclosure of some view whose latent possibilities his skilled eye alone had detected, and it was characteristic of him, to judge no such achievement complete until it had contributed to the enjoyment of his friends. The range of Mr. A'anderbilt's charities in the moun- tain community which owes so much to him. he scrupu- louslv withheld from common knowledge. But the larg- est of his manv contributions to the general welfare he? in the great and wholesome lesson taught by the activi- ties of his vast estate. For not only did he demonstrate the methods and the practical advantages of forestry for private owners ; he was also a pioneer in scientific agri- culture, in horticulture and in model dairying. The stimulus afforded by his example towards improved agricultural methods in the South is beyond all estimate. George \A'. \'anderbilt earned, and no doubt he will receive, a high place in permaneiit nublic recognition of his distinguished public service. Were his admirable conception of the moral responsibility which accompanies the private ownership of natural resources the rule in- stead of the exception, the conservation problem in America would be alreadv solved. — American Forestry. NAMING AN AUTOMOBILE. A prominent motor car manufacturer in the midlanr;ition. of iiuaibation. as it were, a start must lie made." ANOTHER ASS I ST.\ XT. From "IIorti<^ultuie." Summed up, the contention of "Another .Assistant," in your issue of ,1'uly IS. is that after fifteen years' experience a gar- dener should be qualified to assume the full responsibilities of his |irofession. Few will disagree w-ith him on that j)oint, and I believe tliat "'An Assistant" who wrote in the |n-evious issue will concur that if a man has had the opportunity of fifteen years of thorough training and is then incompetent, his compet- ency ys a gardener is never likely to prove of much. I infer from "An Assistant's" remarks that he had in mind a class of so-called assistants which exists within the profession, just as does the class of so-called gardeners, and that his grievance is directed against this class and not towards assistants that pos- sess the ability that is manifested by tlie contributors in the arguments they present. Assistants are no more to blame for the existing unfavorable condition than these gardeners who profess to be competent but who arc no more so than the assistants who menace the pro- fession by seeking to assume tlie charge of an establishment with no more knowledge of gardening than what was acquired throush two or three years' service in greenhouses, and who will bid for a head gardener's position at a salary so low that no able gar- dener c;iii compete; and whose action invariably results in an- other si'ore against the profession by some inconsiderate estate owner wlio knows so little about horticulture himself that he cannot distinguish between a competent and an incompetent gar- dener when it comes to selecting one. This is the age of young men. and opportunity awaits the as- sistants wlio are thoroughly proficient in their profession, which must include executive ability as well as ability to produce; and such young men should not permit themselves to be held in the background, for if they do how is the good in them to be un- covered? We have an illusfratiini right at hand in your two cor- respondents. Their articles have elicited favorable comment, but they conceal their identiay behind nom-de-plnmes. Able Tnen are continuously sought, and there is no teling what their signa- tures, disclosing the authors, might have brought to them. What ''Another Assistant" states reg.arding the horticultural societies is unfortunately true to a considerable extent: but there is a growing tendency to make the meetings of local societies 144 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. more educational, ami many of them now manage to have an essay or lecture at each meeting. Assistants are also being recog- nized: for one of these societies has inaugurated a plan to awaril a prize for exhibits made at each monthly meeting by assist- ant gardeners, an. Editor Gardeners' Chronicle : I feel disposed to say a few words in resard to the wii inss of various gardeners in the Chrdiiirlc and JlortiruJtiire. .Mr. Lisrun evidently lias met witli a streak of hard lurk, because when he compares conditions inevailins in Ensland and .Vmerira. his opin- ion is in favor of the former. Now, as one who has had experience in Euglaud, Scotland, Wales, Canada and -Vnierica. I cannot refrain from contributing my mite of thought and experience. \\'hen he says that in com- parison wages here are nil compared with the old world, makes me think he is hi.mesick nv has not seen much of either countries. Now, to compare lioth England and America. A journeyman receives from II' to 18 shillings per week, both milk and vegetables, a total value of about .f.j. What is that in compaii.son to our assistant of .$40 per mouth and board, or in Engli-h money £S clear. He has had to pay a large premium to learn gardening in .some important field of horticulture. He has to work from 0 a. m. until .5 :30 p. m.. with half liour deducted for breakfast and gn hour for dinner, and must work very hard and not think he is a necessary part of the estalilisli- ment. In many places he has (o work in fruit houses until dark. In my early days we used to rise at 4 a. m. in summer to thin grapes. Very rarely are any paid for overtime, but allowed Itl days vacation. If he wants to attain a head gardener's position. he has to .serve as foreman in a ncited place until he is over 30 years of age. being generally considered capable then, but it is generally useless to try for a head place previous to this. lie also attends science and art classes and is generally a fairly well educated journeyman. If he is successful in his de- sire he must get married, not to suit himself or his partner, but his boss. His wages are about £2 a week, with house, coal, milk, vegetables and requisites, worth altogether in American money about .$15 a week. Compare this with what many hi'ad gardeners are receiving in .\merica. There are a few getting more in Eng- land, but I have tried to give an average of the best paid places, for many good men are recei\ing less. He must attend the village church and associate himself with whatever political side his employer is on. He is not usually kept if his family amounts to more than two children, and at the same time his boss will go on a public platform and preach against "Race Suicide," and advise his tenants not to emigrate. His family must dress neatly but not in any way to apiiro;)ch his boss' kids. I knew a countess in the Midlands who met her liead gardener's two small girls going to Sunilay school and they were nicely clothed. Her ladyship stopped them ami asked whose children they were. Tliey replied, Mr. .lones' children, my lady. Her retort was. that they were better clothed than her own, and the head gardener was dismissed. Now. this is a fact, I know of it personally. This could never happen in .\merica. We can do as we choose. Jlr. Liston sa.vs a gardener is a necessity because he is a pro- ducer. I take issue with that. What a gardener produces are not necessities, but luxuriant flowers, fruits, etc. To be a necessary jiroducer the product wovdd have to pay for all expenses connected therewith, and no private gardener makes a place pav. We cannot make a corner of our labor like the plumber, mason, or any mechanic. We can only do our best to please our eni- ployei's, and it conditions do not suit us we must suit ourselves to the conditions, becaus? we are unnecessary. What then, we say, are the benefits to accrue from the N. A. (i. and of what lasting benefit is to be derived from it? We all know it cannot act as a salve for the wounded feelings of gardener or employer. Sometimes it seems to give prominence to some head gardeners «ho are more fortunate than the average in having a bos-i who allows them the strings of his purse and where expense does not count in the least. We read about men who are leaders in horticulture, and smile at file idea. It is easy to get a great name in America. That is one of the privileges. But looking around the places of sinie of these so-called leaders sometimes, we -fail to see wheie ihey shine. Because a man is a large exhibitor does not s-ay he is a successful gardener. Many excellent men are working as assis.an s and making a great name for the man for whom tliey serve, an 1 without their assistance the head man would be helpless on many occasions. Now. what the N. A. G. can do, I think, is to pro- tect those who are in the profession as assistants, and try to keep out those who are continually imported as head men. This is one of the perils to face. I am aware that a man who points out faults and perils is as unpopular as the minister who speaks the truth to his Hock each Sunday. Most societies are formed to protect the worker. Now, why does not the N. A. G. protect the gardener? is the cry of many, silently, but who have not the courage to express their views in writing. But various reasons compel many to maintain silence. .\ gardeners association in which me idiers aie divided cannot prosper. -Mr. Liston speaks, 1 lielieve, about the benefits in England de- rived from the British Gardeners' .Vsscciaticm. We aie much better situated here. We also have in oar worthy secretary a man who is very much alive and who is doing more for the gardener than any one in the world, and it is our duty to help him. Trusting you will give this space in the CilltONicLE. W. R. FOWKES. MASSACHUSETTS HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY EXHIBITION, AUGUST 8 AND g, 1914. The exhibition in Horticultural Hall on August 8 and 9 was a truly magnificent one, and it is many years since Boston had so beautiful, varied and extensive a summer >liow. Of the many striking features the most noteworthy was tliat of .James Marl- borough, superintendent to Thomas V.. I'roctor. Topsfield. Mass. Mr. Marlborough has made many fine displays in the past, but his exhiliit on this occasion of hundreds of colored caladiums in over 12.J varieties, filling one-third of the main exhibition hall, was wonderful. He arranged his plants in beds to (iroduce a gar- den-like ell'ect. The pond of water within the central bed with a fountain playing made the exhibit very refreshing on a warm August day. A gold medal was awarded to 'Sly. Marlliorough : also a silver medal for superior culture. (Jladioli were .shown in great numbers and of fine quality. The leading exhibitors of these v.erc: \\'illiam Sim. Chamberlain & Gage. B. Hammond Tracy, John Lewis Childs and William Whit- man. The variety Myrtle won first prize for Chamberlain & Gage for the best hamper or basket. Child's new Whitest White re- ceived honorable mention. The show of hardy perennials was a magnificent one. R. & .1. Farcpibar & Coni]iaiiy had an immense display all set up. so had tlic Eastern Nurseries. Bay State Nurseries. Frederick H. I!ea. William Page and Mount Desert Nurseries. E. F. Duye & Son had a fine collection of dahlias. P. J. Rooney was awarded a certificate of merit for peony flowered dahlia. Mrs. Fred Griiiiiell. A^'illiam Nicholson had vases of the newer forms of Buddleia variabilis. A. M. Davenport had massive flower heads of heliotrojies. H. Stewart, gardener to Miss C. Warren, showed a fine lot of greenhouse and outdoor cut flowers. In the com|ietitivc classes F. 1. Rea. T. C. Tbarlow's Sons. M. Sullivan, gardener to William Whitman and F3astern Nurseries, secured the prizes for jierennial phlox classes. For gladioli William Sim, Chamberlain & Gage and Geo. Page, gardener to Mrs. Frederick Ayer. were winners, and Martin Sullivan swept the deck in the aster classes. For one hundred vases of annuals, not less than thirty species, William Thatcher, gardener to Mrs. J. L. Gardner: George Melvin. gardener to Col. Oiarles PfafT. and Martin Sullivan won in the order named. There were splendid displays of fruits and vegetables. A cul- tural certificate was awarded to William Downs, gardener to E. S. Webster, for splendid Lord Napier nectarines. A certificate of merit was also awarded to the estate of W. C. Jennison for the finest cultivated blueberries I have ever seen, the fruit being nearly as large as cherries. For fifteen varieties of vegetables arranged for efl'ect, Edward Parker, gardener to Oliver Ames, was first and E. L. Lewis, gardener to Col. Frederick Mason, second. It was a thousand pities that this fine exhibition could not have been arranged for convention week, as it would have proved vastly more interesting from a horticultural standpoint than the stereotvped so-called "trade exhibitions" given bv the S. A. F. W. X. CRAIG. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 145 QUERIES and ANSWERS li'e believe the greatest good can be accomplished for the grtatest number, by instituting a query column; or an exchange of expe- riences, on practical propositions, by cur readers. You are inznted to contribute questions, and answer others. Each question as received will be given a number, the question- er's name will not be published, but the source of the answer will be given unless otherwise requested. We all have something we would like to know more about. Here is your opportunity to ascertain somebody's experience in just that matter. Xothing will tend to better fellowship than helping each other. Take advantage of this "Question Box." Can you furnish me with directions as to the methods employed for raising perennial and other plants from seed in the open air? What is the usual size of the seed bed; how is it prepared; what is the usual distance be- tween rows; the most convenient length for the row; the manner of identifying the varieties ; the size of the label if one is used, and any other helpful information that may occur to you in this connection? As peren- nial seeds are often slow in germinating what is done to control the weeds between and in the rows to reduce to a minimum the injury to seedling plants and dor- mant seeds wished to be retained? — C. H. P. The usual methods employed by large nurserymen in seed raising outdoors is in beds running east and west for perennial seeds ; in order to give them the greatest amount of sunshine when germinated. The soil must be deeply dug, but not necessarily rich. In fact, no animal manures should be present for seed sowing of flowering plants. A convenient length is 100 feet. Mark out beds 6 feet wide. Leave 6 inches each side, and it will leave a space of 1 foot for 5 rows in each bed. Run a line along, and mark out a (Irill, not deep, une inch is sufficient, in fact, too much, and too much care cannot be exercised in this matter. The soil should be in a fairly dry condition at time of sowing. August is the best month for the operation ; and after scattering seed fairly thick in the drill cover slightly with fine soil which has been screened through a 1/16-inch screen, tamp down gently with the back of a spade, sufficient to press the seed in contact with the soil. In about 10 days some of the seeds will be through and unless the weather is very dry no water is required, but do not allow to suffer when germinated but water gentl}' with a fine nose on the hose. The rows should be marked at each end by a plant stake 1 foot long. .A convenient label is the kind florists all supply, which are soaked in a chemical and are better and more permanent than the ordinary painted ones. A label 8 inches is a useful one for outdoor purposes. The above methods will do for annuals for perennial and biennial flower seeds ; also for Perennial Shrubs. They must be cultivated between rows by hand, and the Dutch Hoe. Experience is the only way of knowing the varieties as they break through the soil. As soon as convenient to handle, the young plants must be transferred to other beds composed similar ti i the seed bed, but must be protected from the hot sunshine. An excellent shade is made with plaster laths, in the form of a trellis and these can be obtained from any florist's store by mentioning the size required. Pansy seed germinates better in a dark frame, and if a few stout stakes are driven in and a sash placed over and shaded a few days, it will hasten the germination. It is an easily accomplished matter to raise thousands of young plants from seed. Care being necessary ; also buy the" seed from a reliable source. Weeds must 1t« picked by hand from among the slow-growing plants. """"'"""' '""" m» iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii iiwiiiiii iiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiini II mil iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiii ^ While at the Convention you I will be cordially welcomed at I CEDAR ACRESl Gladiolus Farm. I B. H/\/V\yV\OIND XR/\CY WENHAM. MASSACHUSETTS iiiiiiii{iniiM!ifiiiii['iiiiiiiiiiiii Tree Owners and Tree Lovers Will find much to interest and instruct in the NEW ILLUSTRATED MAGAZINE "TREE TALK" Devoted to Arhoricuitiire and Forestry. All about the planting, care and treatment of trees and shrubs. Accurate information about pruning, spraying and tree surgery. Send Fifty cents for a full year's subscription to "Tree Talk." Sample copies free on receipt of 2 cent stamp to cover postage. Published quarterly by THE FROST & B ARTLETT COMPANY 26 Cortlandt St. (Suite 212) NEW YORK ^.'e\v]jort. R. I. Meets second and fourth Tuesday every month. New York Florist Club. John Young, secretary, 54 W. 28th street, New York. Jieets second Monday every month. Grand Opera House. North Shore Horticultural Society. Jas. Slater, secretary, JIanchester, Mass. Meets first and third Fridays every month. North Shore Horticultural Society. E, Bollinger, secretary. Lake Forest, 111. Meets first Fridav every month. City Hall, North Westchester County Horticultural and Agricultural Society. M. J. O'Brien, secretary, Mt, Kisco. N. Y'. Meets third Thursday every month, ex- cept June, July and August, at 8 p. m.; December, January and February, 3 p. m.. Odd Fellows Hall.'Mt. Kisco. Oyster Bay Horticultural Society. Fred Kirkham, secret.iry. Glen Head, N, Y'. Meets fourth Friday every month. Board of Trade, Oyster Bay! N. Y.. 8 p. m. Pacific Coast Horticultural Society. W. A. Hofinghoft', secretary, 711 Westbank Bldg. Meets first Saturday every mouth. Red- men's Bldg. Pasadena Horticultural Society. Geo. B. Kennedy, secretary, 497 Bradford street, Pasadena, Cal. Meets first and fourth Friday every month. Paterson Floricultural Society. Sebastian Hubschmitt, secretary, 61 Seventh avenue, Paterson, N. J. Meets first Tuesday every month, Ro- maine Building, 8 p. m. Pennsylvania Horticultural Society. David Rust, secretary. Broad and Locust streets, Philadelphia, Pa. Meets third Tuesday every month. Horti- cultural Hall, 8 p, m. People's Park Cottage Gardeners' Associa- tion. John Ainscough, secretary, 4 Chestnut streetj Paterson, N. J. Meets first and last Friday every month, Working Man's Institute, Madison avenue, Paterson, N. J. Philadelphia Florists' Club. David Rust, secretary. Broad and Locust streets, Philadelphia, Pa. Meets first Tuesday every month, Horti- cultural Hall, Philadelphia, Pa., 8 p. m. The Pittsburgh Florists' and Gardeners' Club. H. P. Joslin, secretary, Ben Avon, Pa. Meets first Thursday every month. Fort Pitt Hotel, Pittsburgh, Pa. Rhode Island Horticultural Society. A. C. Miller, secretary, 7 Irving avenue, Providence, R. I. Meets fourth Monday every month. Provi- dence Public Library, 8 p. m. Shelter Island Horticultural and Agricul- tural Society. Fred Kirkham, secretary. Shelter Island, N. Y. Meets first and third Thursdays every month. Southampton Horticultural Society. William McLeod, secretary. Meets first Thursday every month. Me- morial Hall, Southampton, N. Y. Tarrytown Horticultural Society. E. W. Neubrand, secretary, Tarytown, N. Y. Meets last Tuesday every month, except December, Corporation Building, Tarrytown, N, Y,. 7:30 p. m. Annual meeting last Thursday in December. Tuxedo Horticultural Society. Thomas Wilson, secretary. Tuxedo Park, N. Y. Meets first Wednesday every month, Par- ish House, Tuxedo Park. Washington, D. C, Florist Club. J. L. Mayberrv, secretary, Washington. D. C. Meets first Monday every month. Westchester and Fairfield Horticultural Society. J. B. McArdle, secretary, Greenwich, Conn, Meets second Friday every month, Dor- an's Hall, Greenwich, Conn,, 8 p. m. Yonkers Horticultural Society. Thos, Mahoney, secretary, Yonkers, N. Y. Meets first Friday every month, Holly- wood Inn, Yonkers, N. Y., 8 p. m. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 147 GARDENERS DIARY American Institute, Xl-w York. Dahlia show, !>epteiiiber 22-24. Chi ysanthoinuin show, November 4-6. Elberon Horticultural Society. l hry- santhcmum show, Aslnny I'ark, X. .]., X"o- veiiiher 3, 4, 5. Horticultural Society of New York. An- nual fall show, American Museum of Natu- ral History. Lancaster County Florists' Club, Lancas- ter, Pa. Fall show, November 5-7. Lenox Horticultural Society, Lenox, Mass. Summer Show. July 22 anil 23. Fall Show, October 22 and 23. Massachusetts Horticultural Society, Hor- ticultural Hall, lioston. ilass. Gladiolus show, August 8-9. Dahlia show, September 12-13. Fruit and vegetable show, October 3-4. Chrysanthemum show, November 5-8. Monmouth County Horticultural Society. Fall Show, I^ed Hank, N. .1.. October 2S and 29. Morris County Gardeners' and Florists' Club. l"'all show, Jlailisiju. X. .J.. Octobei 28, 29. Nassau County Horticultural Society, Glen Cove, N. Y. Dahlia show, October 6. Chrysanthemum show, October 29, 30. New Jersey Floricultural Society, Orange, N. .J. Dahlia and fruit show, October — . Newport Horticultural Society, New]iort. E. I. Summer show, August 12 and 13. North Westchester Horticultural and Agricultural Society. Annual show, Mt. Ki-co. N. Y'., October 30-November 1. . Oyster Bay Horticultural Society, Oyster Bay, N. Y'. Dahlia show, September 30- October 1. Chrysanthemum show, October 30. Society of American Florists. Out -door exhibition, Boston, JIass., .\ugiist 18-21. Tarrytown Horticultural Society. An- nual Fall Show, Tarrytown, X'. Y. Westchester and Fairfield Horticultural Society. Fall show. Xew Eochelle. N. Y'. Xovember 4. 5. 6. LENOX HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Excelling any previous exhibition in per- ennials and annuals, and the largest and most diversified showing of flowers and vegetables, the annual flower sliow of tlie Lenox Horticultural Society wliicli ojieued in the ToAvn Hall at Lenox, .\Ia>-^., .lulv 23, was conceded to be the most successful In every way in the history of the organiza- tion. Nothing so brilliant as the colorings of the flowers on dis]day was ever shown before in Lenox. An exhibit of 24 varieties of Sweet Peas was considered the premier display of the show. The leading competitors in this class were Mrs. Giraud Foster of Bellefountaine Gardens and Mrs. William E. 0. Field of Highlawn Gardens. Both exhibitors showed new varieties, Mrs. Field having a cerise .Spencer and a Marks Fey, a blue, while Mrs. Foster's double cream Floradell Fairy and a new cerise Illuminator, w'ere splendid specimens. One of the new flowers shown in Lenox for tlie first time was Begonia Alice Man- ning, Mrs. Carlos De Heredia exhibiting six ])ots of this ]dant. iliss Katherine L. Lawrence won the competition for the arrangement of out-of- door flowers and foliage in a centerpiece for table decorations, consisting of a 24-iiU'li basket containing an oval arrangement of Lady Grizel Hamilton Sweet Peas sot oil' with foliage of g\ i)soi)liila (baby's breath), the dainty white contrasting perfectly with the deep la\ender of the flower. -Mrs. William E. S. Griswold >howed a new variety of penstemon. which was great- ly admired. Others exhiliiting in this class were Mrs. Carlos De Heredia and !Mrs. Rob- ert Winthrop. In the class for delphini- ums, Arthur N. Cooley. of PittsMeld. hail a very li,<;ht blue flower. This was a big class, with the largest growers showing the blue flower in much profusion. Mrs. Carlos De Heredia showed a line collection of perennials, as did Mrs. Joini E. Alexandre and Joseph H. Choate. Smaller collections were exhibited by ilrs. William Hall Walker, of Great Barrington, Arthur X. Coolev, of Pittsfield, and Mrs. William E. S. Griswold. Mrs. .lolin E. Alexandre had a big show- ing of Asters, her Asters being quite the best that were shown. Charles Lanier made a liig display of out-of-door Eom's, as did Miss Adele Kneeland. The judges were Walter Angus, superin- tendent of Mrs. Herbert Schoville's country place at Chapinville. Conn.: E. H. Schmidt, superintendent of Mrs. George Griswold Haven's country place, and John A. Dona- hue, sniierintendent of Belvoir Terrace, the country place of the late Morris K. Jessup. — Ameririni Florist. HORTICULTURAL EXHIBIT MONMOUTH COUNTY AGRICULTURAL FAIR ASSOCIATION. AT RED BANK, N. J., SEPT. 3,4,5,7,1914. Dircifur in ( 'liarge— Eilgar A. Slofe. Su|icriiiti'iiileiit — Charles C. De\\ilde. JUDGES. Mr. John F. Johnson, Superinfeudcul, "Killenworth," Glen Cove, N, Y, Mr. Thomas W. Logan, Superintemlenf, ■'Crosswicks Farms," Jenkintown. Pa. Mr. Ale.v. MaeKenzie. Sn|)erintendciif . "Cragston." Hi.ahland Falls. X. Y. Mr. Geo. Jliddletown, Superintenileiif , •Eockwood Hall," Tarrytown, X. Y. i\lr. W. II. Waite, Superintendent, "Grey- stone," Y'onkers. X. Y. EULES. The judges, in making awards, nn\y award special premiums for any meritori- ous exhibits, as no effort will be s[)arcil fo duly recognize those contributing to fhe success of the exliibitiou : auil shall have full power to withhold premiums for in- ferior exhibits or on entries not made ar cording to schedule rule. All exhibits nuist be properly staged by 11 o'clock on Tlun-sday, the fir-i't day of th.- exhibition, when judging will begin. All exliibitors re<'civing awards are re- quired to maintain their exhibit-; in per- fect condition during the coufinuauce of flic fair or awards will be forfeited. CLASS I.— Private Gardeners. Plants in Pots. Best group of foliage plants, .ifl sq. ft., arranged for effect — First, $20; sec- ond, $10; third, $.5. Best group of stove and greenhouse foli- age and flowering plants, 25 sq. ft., ai-ranged for efl'ect on tables — First, $15: second, $10; third, $5. Best grou]) of ferns, 50 sq. ft., arranged for ell'cet— Second. $5; third. $3. Best group of Crotons and Diacaenas, 5(1 S(|. ft., arranged for effect on table —First, $10: second. $5; third, $3. Best 3 specimens of Palms — First. $5; second, $2; third, $1. Best single specimen Palm — First. .$5; second, $2; third, $1. Best single specimen Fern — First, $5; second. $2; third, $1. Best specimen foliage plant (not palm) —First, $5; second, $2; third, $1. Flowering Plants in Pots. Best siui;Ie ^iiccinu'ii Kex Begonia — • First. .¥5; second. .$2: third, $1. Best 12 flowering plants, distinct varie- ties—First, $10; second. $2; third, $1. Best collection of out-door Eoses, 6 va- rieties, vase of fl each First, $5; sec- ond, .$2; third, $1. Best collection of annvials. 12 varieties, not over fl stalks in a vase — First. $5; second. .$2: third, $1. Best collection of Perennials. 12 varie- ties, not over G stalks in a vase — First. $10; second. .f5: third, $3. Best collection of (iladiolas, d varieties, not over 6 stalks in a vase — First, $5; second. .$2: third. $1. Best collection of Gladiolas, 12 varie- ties, not over 6 stalks in a vase — First, .$5: second, .$2; third. $1. Best collection of Cactus Dahlias, 6 va- rieties, one bloom in a vase — First, $3; second, $2: third, $1. Best collcctiiui of Show and Fancy Dah- lias, not over 20 blo(uns in one vase — —First, .•?.'>: second. $2; third, $1. Best collection of Show and Fancy Dah- lias, 0 varieties of each shown singly —First, $5: second. $2: third, $1. Best vase of Single Dahlias. G varieties, one bloom of each — First. .$5; second, .$2: third. $1. Best collection and 2<5, This exhibition was under the direction of the following committee : William T, Burton, chairman : Edward Kirk. CInivnce E. Dow. .John H. Stalford. John IJenwick, The staging of the flowers was under the care of Ai-thnr E. Thatcher, who had charge of the exhibits, and acted ;«ii>p that such trees can be the i]i..>t stic. - --,iiill\' shipited lonir distances. ;uid will transplant with the U-ast po.-sible >'tbaSon "Wpstburi; . Long Island ThinkThese Facts Over Ever^°e'J°ior°o»r Aug. -Sept. Planting tli;it I■lot-prnlllUL^ the tn-cs you buy. As iniirlit In- expectnl, systemati- line, high class trees grown this way cost of fine, fill- somewhat more than the ordinary nursery that do tlie stock, but no one who knows trees ques- m the soil. tions that they are worth more, and worth decidedly more. It is a dense, cheerful. blue-green, not open, yellow-green, anil melancholy. Von know White Spruce can*t be beaten for seashore planting. They fairly revel in the salt .sjiray. Heri' are our prices. What can wt- do for yon V We guarantee all Evergreens in August and September, replacing any that fail. PRICES— WHITE SPRUCE. •^ ft. high, 22 in. spr.. Jii.ou j.i-r lo, $.S0.U0 per 100, $1500.(H> per looii. :n-, it. high. 2 ft. spr.. $17. .'.n per 10, .?1j0.00 per 100. $lnOU.ou per 1000. M i THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 149 Lathe Roller Blinds Can lie raised linriiig ilu' cioin.ly ])art of tlie day. and are now used on all the leading jirivate estates for orchid, palm and stove houses. I have erectt-d this patent shading on most of the lead- ing private places in the country, and should be pleased to sub- mit plans and estimates to any one interested. These lathes are made of the finest material obtainable. HARRY BALDWIN Greenhouse Lathe Roller Blinds Specialist 18 CHURCH STREET NEW ROCHELLE, N. \'. |lll!llllllllllllllllillllUIIIIIIII{|||||l|l|l|||||||||||||||||lil|||||||||||||||IH^ 1 By an Unusual Arrangement with the Publishers g We Offer to Our Readers on Special Easy Terms Everything Newly Written Up To Date Beautifully Illustrated BAILEY'S NEW Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture TIIF. new Standanl C\clopeclia nl llurticul- ture has l)een freshly written in the light of the most recent research and experience. It is not merely an ordinary revision or corrected edition of the old Cyclopedia, but it is a new work from start to finish with enlarged Jioundaries geo- graphically and practically : it supersedes and displaces all previous editions or rei)rints of every kind whatsoex'er. It is the fullest, the newest, the most authori- tati\c of all wtirks of its kind and constitutes the most conscientious attempt that has ever been made to compress the whole story of our horti- cultural thought, learning and achie\enient into one set of books. Write for 16 P.igo Prospei;ti:s Ccntainirg Complete Description and our oiTor to Subscription Department. GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA Madison, N. J. II ^iiiiiiiiiimiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiHiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiinFnMiiiiiiiiiiiniiimiiiii^ i iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiin iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiinii^ \Y/E have about 500 Specimen Evergreens in variety, suitable for moving m the months of August and early September. Descriptions of same sent on application. Send for our new Bulb Catalogue International Nurseries, Inc. 1905 West Farms Road, New York City PHONE 4028 IREMONT. n iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii mill iiiiiiiiiiu Ill III II iiiiiiiii I mill Ill iimii nm 1 1 1 mmimi mini iiiiimmi mm mn i mum ii i> im mmi mm iii uuiiimiiiii m ii i ii irr 150 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. Gardeners All Over the World Use APHINE, for spraying against all sap-sucking insects, such as aphis, red spider, thrips. mealy bug and soft scale; and for cleans- ing palms and decorative stock generally. $2.50 Gal., $1.00 Qt. SCALINE, an oil and sulphur composition for spraying trees, shrubs and hardy stock against San Jose, oyster shell and other scale, red spider, etc. Readily soluble in w^ater; mixes without agitation; does not clog. $1.50 Gal., 10 Gal., $10.00, SO Gal., $37.50 FUNGINE, to control mildew, rust or bench rot in the greenhouse, a spraying material; an infallible remedy. It does not stain foliage as Bordeaux or lime and sulphur, but cleanses it. $2.00 Gal., 75c. Qt., 10 Gals., $15.00 VERMINE, to rid the green- house soil of eel w^orm, root mag- gots and other soil vermin, vv^ill be found most effective. Used ac- cording to directions it is not in- jurious to vegetation. $3.00 Gal, $1.00 Qt., 5 Gals., $12.50 % DO YOU USE "NICOTINE '7 To meet the demand created by Ag'ricultnral Ex|)erimental Statinns, favuring 40 nicdtine solutions in their recommendations, we otter "407o NICOTINE" SOLUTION tor fumigating, vaporizing and spraying, $13.00 < lallon — $3.75 Ouart — $2.00 Pint. NIKOTIANA A 12% nicotine solution, properly diluted, for funiigating and vaporizing; most economical in using, $4.50 Gallon — $1.50 Ouart. C(tni])are our prices with what }'ou now pay. Hien let us supply you. THE RECOGNIZED STANDARD INSECTICIDE. W. N. Craig' writes in Florists' Review (March 5th. 1914): "Scale on greenhouse plants is not easy to get rid of. as doses which are sufficiently stron* to kill the scale w ill usually disfigrure the plants at the same time. I have found APHINE a first-class remedy for scale, and if you will ap- ply it according to directions you will kill and loosen the scales, although they V'ill not fall off. as will some other pests." It will only require the hose to wash off dead scale. ^Moiicma Tt^ehe percent Nicotine "^ ruM/GAJvr A TWELVE PER CENT. NICOTINE. Our products are for sale by all up-to-date seedsmen. If your local dealer cannot supply you with our products, send us your order with remittance and we will ship immediately through our nearest agent. Aphine Manufacturing Company Manufacturers of Agricultural Chemicals MADISON, N. J. Inspect Our Products at the Society of American Florists' Convention BRITISH DISTRIBUTORS: British and American Fertilising Company Leith Offices — Liverpool, England. CANADIAN AGENTS: Dupiiy & Ferguson. Montreal. Que. Sttele, Brig^s Seed Co.. Ltd.. Toronto. Ont. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. YOU look out the window some day and see two men go past. One is of chunky, solid build, and he hustles perspiringly along with a great swinging of his arms. He impresses you as a man who is going to get there "if it takes a leg." Man number two is of slighter build. He walks with a light springiness. He does not seem in a great hurry. There is no lost motion in his movements, how- ever. No swinging of arms, but he is getting there just as fast as the other fellow. In fact, he is actually walking faster. If you and I could follow those two men throughout the day, man number two (the light, wiry man) would always be easily overtaking the thick set one. Always he would pass him. It's exactly the same with greenhouse construction. The light. U-Bar constructed house beats all other con- structions when it comes to actual growing results. Its slender strong frame of L'-Bars has all the strength of the heavy framed houses, but none of the lost motion in actual results getting. Some houses with curved cave attachments look like the U-Bar; but '"looks are deceiving." If it's not built witli U-Bars, it's not the U-Bar curved eave house. To get a point by point pointing out, of the excelling points of the U-Bar house, send for the new catalog. Or send for us. Or botli. U-BAR GREENHOUSES P1ER50N U-BAR CO ONE MADISON AVE. NEW YORK C&MAOIAH OFHCt. lOPHILUr^ riACb MONTRfcAl i i i i i i i i ^> i Some Summertime Things It's Time To Do Now tliut you jtiruwfcs are jtifttiiig your bvisiuut-s iiiftlicMis down to a i>oiiit wIktc you rlosety cut the corners on all unucci'ssai-y cxnensL*. yon are appreciating tlie savint; tliere Is in early overhauling your entire lienting plant. This waitintr tiutil you want lieat before doing anything doesn't agree with tlu- ear'-f'il way you do other things. Some inconveniences — like painting — can't be helped. But this getting your Iieating in shape can be. If your iKiiler needs new grates— g'-t tbeni now and [Mil them in. II' some of your pipf (mnks have slipped and nfffc-ted thi- elr- i-iil:iti Our complete Autumn Catalogue = ^^°^ will be ready this month. Ask for ^= it at Chicago or New York. == Vaughan's Seed Store | Canna Firebird. 43 Barclay Street NEW YORK 31-33 W. Randolph St. CHICAGO III GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA PARKS 8c GARDENS ILLUSTRATED THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. IT'S not reasonal)le to expect you will take the trouble and bother to write us a letter, stating all the facts necessary for us to advise you intelli- gently concerning the kind of greenhouse best suited lor your particular place or purpose. Neither is it to be expected that you are going to scratch your head to be sure to let us know all the things we must of necessity know, before we can give you an estimate. But if you had before you a simple Question Blank, that you could, with comparatively little effort, fill in, you would willingly .give us all the information neces- sary. Of course, you don't want to be bothered with a lot of fool questions. Neither do you want to be asked a ...t of questions in a second letter after you thought you had answered them all in the first. So to overcome all these things, we have prepared very carefully a Question Blank, that is as easy to fill out as rolling off a log. It covers every point we want to know about. Send for one. of our new catalogs and we will en- close one of these blanks. Just fill it out and return. If you don't want to, you don't have to bother writing any letter. The Question Blank is letter enough. Send for the catalog and let's get dow-n to facts and figures. U-BAR GREENHOUSES P1ER50N U-BAR CO ONE MADISON AVE. NtWYORK CANADIAN OfUCE. 10 PHILLIPS PLACfc MOMRtAi That Number 87 Again THIS particularly practical combination of palm house and wings, with a connecting house and workroom at the back, is what we call our ideal layout No. 87. For a range of moderate size we have sold more of it than any other. First and foremost it is beyond criticism from a point of practicalness or economy. Second: it seems always attractive no matter what the location is. We have a four color illustration of one erected on Long Island which we will gladly send along with our catalog. SALES OFFICES: New York, 12d St. Bldg. Boston, Tremont Bldg. Chicago, Rookery Blig. Philadelphia. Franklin Bank Bldg. Rcchester, Granite Bldg. Cleveland, Swetland Bldg. ord^^iBttrnham^. FACTORIES: Irvington, N. Y. Des Plaines. Ill, Toronto— 12 Queen Street, East. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 155 To the Gardener: WE have a great deal to sa\- to gardeners and beginning witli til is September issue will use a half page or more each month for the telling of "news" about our business which we believe will be of special interest. Our Bulb Catalog is now going out and if you have not received your copy write and ask for it and also for our special prices to gardeners. You have heard a good deal about the trial grounds which are maintained by the more careful seed houses and much talked of by all. We show this month a little view in our trial grounds at Noroton, Conn. See photo. J. M. THORBURN & CO. Established 1S02 53 Barclay Street - - New York Palms and Ferns Home grown, liny liave a foundation for a long life and luxuriant growth. These are just a few of the varieties — see our Fall Planting List for additional ones. PALMS Phoenix Roebelenii — The popular decora- tive palm — very vigorous, with graceful recurving leaves, with narrow green pinnae. O-inch tiihs. ,1(1 in. high. .16 in. sprrad, each. p.H). FERNS .\diantuni Croweanum Farleyense Gloriosa Boston Ferns Ferns for fern dishes. Eight of the best varieties. -3^ ^^^ ^j^^^ ^^^^ ^^^ j^^ Be sure and get the Fall List and look it over — it contains only the best stock, listed at attractive prices. ANPlEl\SON mc Ceommll Cai^ens CjpMWELL Conn ^lllilllUllllilmliiiiiiilmiliiilllililiiiimiiiiiiiWiiiiinllllilliiiliiiHiiiiiiiiilUiiN^ I LATEST WAR ! I NEWS I I Owing to the war we do not expect i i t(i receive any new crop of LIL'S' OF | I THF VAI.LEV pips from Gernian\- | I this Fall. ■ I I \Vc have an extra fine lot of COLD i I STORAGE PIPS on hand and can | g (liter them ui>\\ for future delivery. ■ Cold Storage Dresden Pips 250 for $7.00; 500 for $13.00; 1000 for $25.00. Order early before they are all gone. W. E. AARSHALL & CO. SEEDS BULBS— PLANTS 166 West 23rd Street. New York iiiiiiiiiiiniiii 156 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. I NEW, RED DOROTHY PERKINS | I EXCELSA I g Winner of the Hubbard Memorial Medal for g s the best Rose introduced in the last five years. H B We have in all sizes probably the tiuest stock of J m this fine rose in America. g M This is typical of our complete assortment of = H Climbing Roses for Parks. Gardens and private B H Estates. Send for our new Price List. m I THE CONARD & JONES COMPANY 1 I WEST GROVE. PA. L liiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii^^ Incorporated 1911 ANDREW K. KENNEDY. Pres. and Treas. KENNEDY & HUNTER SEEDSMEN Our Bulbs Have Arrived Place Your Orders Early 156 West 34th Street ^."n^rtilio'!; New York "ONLY THE BEST" i^WaBoenVp'lantS I a Hardier Privet Hedge! V^^'--' »'#--^^~^:V'^^y-fc « ^X^OTV yr "Mt ■ Bushy, Transplanted Plants for Immediate Effei ^^41 'M'-A 'r:l\ L^ *— ""^ Mm • #^ ## S Actual test- >li..w IHOTA In be hardier than lalifc.rn wMmDearlhisTall . • A' MERICUS, the leader of the | fall-bearers, will give luscious, | large sweet Strawberries, equal to June i fruit, if you set pot-grown plants in July | and early August. | BIG, POT-GROWN PLANTS | $L50 per doz., $10.00 per hundred, delivered i j SEND YOUR ORDER EARLY. | i Ask for our Mid-Suniiner Catalog of Strawberries, Vegetable and 1 ^ Flower Seeds, Plants and Bulbs. Mailed free. 1 I Wceber & Don, Seed Merchants, 114-L Chambers St., New York, N. Y. | ^lllllllllllllllllllllllllllillllllllllMlilllllllllllllllllllllNllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllililiillllllUllllllllllllllllllilllllllilllnllllllllllNlllllllllllllllllllllll^ Julius Roehrs Company Nurserymen and Florists Headquarters for Orchids, Palms, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Bay Trees and Box Trees, Laurus Cerasus, Aucubas, Cyclamen, Begonia Lorraine and Cincinnati, Evergreens, Decideous Trees and Shrubs. RUTHERFORD, NEW JERSEY Bushy, Transplanted Plants for Immediate Effect. \ctiial tcst^ >liciw IHOTA 111 be hardier than I'alifciniia Privet. I nqucstionably handsomer. ( )urs are excep- tionally line plants, hardy and vigorous. Tell us hciw many you can use and ask about the new. compact Ibota for ornamental use. The Fragrant Wild Crab Apple gives a cliaruiiiiii ,iir ui ru^tic simplicity to the home grounds. Bears rosy-red tiowers in wondrous ijro- fusion. Exceptional stock: 4-5 ft., $1 each; 10 for $7.00; 25 for $13.75. Larger plants if desired. I THOMAS MEEHAN & SONS I Box 65 Germantown, Phila , Pa. iiiiiiiiiiiiiyiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii TREESC PLANTS Competent Gardeners q The comforts and products ol a country home ore Increased by employing a compelen( gardener ; II you want lo engage one, wrile to us. q Please give particulars regarding place and say whether married or single man is wanted. We have been supplying them for years to the best people everywhere. No lee asked. PETER HENDERSON & CO. Seedsmen ind Florists 33 and 37 Corllandt St. NEW YORK CITY Dreer's Choice Bulbs for Autumn Planting I'lantini^ mir high-grade stock will insure a Ixiuntitul harvest of blooms ne.xt Spring. Make your selections now fn^m DREER'S AUTUMN CATALOGUE which litters the best selectiim of Hyacinths, Narcissus. Crocus, Iris, Snowdrops, Scillas, etc., also a select list of Old-fashioned Hardy Plants; plants for the house and ci:)n- servatory ; Hardy Shrubs, Hardy Climbers, Flower, \'egetable and Crass Seeds. Everything seasonaiile for the Garden, (Ireenht)use and Farm. Write for a Copl- and please mention this publication. HENRY A. DREER 714-716 CHESTNUT STREET PHILADELPHIA. PA. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 157 ^iiiiiiiiiiniiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiHiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiittiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiinmiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuniiiiiiiiiiiiii^ i BOBBINK & ATKINS \ I WORLD'S CHOICEST NURSERY | j AND GREENHOUSE PRODUCTS | I AUTUMN PLANTING. | = The Months of August and September are the Best Time to 1 = Plant Evergreens. H j EVERGREENS. CONIFERS AND PINES. We W.ty luore than 17, f f acres planted with attractive E\'EIitil;l':i';NS. Our colleetii'n is eon- = § e<'ded tM I)p the mo^t couiplete and iiiaj;niflcent ever assenililed in 1 = .■\nieriea. Tlic varieties eoinprisinj^ saini- Ijuve heeii tlutrfnit-'lily tested = H and proved banl.v. Our plants ai-e dii^ with a ball of earth and bur- = ^ lapped previous to shippinp. Hefore ptirehasing elsewhere intending s = purchasers should not f.ail to Inspect oui- collection. = I THE FOLLOWING PLANTS FOR OUTDOOR PLANTING. INTERIOR | I AND EXTERIOR DECORATIONS ARE AMONG OUR | 1 SPECIALTIES. i HARDY OLD - FASHIONED PLANTS.— Several acres of our Nursery arc exclusively devoted to their culture. STRAWBERRIES. — I'ott<'d and J'ield L'niw II in all tlic leading; varieties. We lia\e man,\" thou- sands of Strawbei-rics and arc in a position to fill orders of any size. AUTUMN BULBS AND ROOTS. — \\'e ;:ro\v .Hid iinonrt quantities of Itnll's aiHl l;..c.ts fnun all parl^ Id" the wc.rl.l PEONIES AND IRIS.— We have a complete collection of them i-eadj' for immediate delivery. HARDY CLIMBING TRAILING AND VINES. We have very pl;lee ;iud pur- HEDGE PLANTS.— Wc grow a ipi:iiilit\ el Cnlirorina Privet. Hi rli.ris .iTiil ellcT lied'.'.. Plants. PLANT TUBS. WINDOW BOXES AND ENGLISH GARDEN FURNITURE. W.> iiuiuulaiturc ;ill -li;i|ii « and ■'izes. TRAINFD. DWARF AND OR- DINARY FRUIT TREES AND SMALL FRUITS. W.' i;r..« these tt.r all kinds of Fruit (Jardens and nr<'hards. OUR NEW HYBRID GIANT FLOWERING MAtlSHMALLOW.- 1 KviTVlni.lv Hid 1 OUR ILLUSTRATED GENERAL CATALOG NO. 45 and AUTUMN i I BULB CATALOG desenU-s our I'roilii.ts. Mailed upon reipicst. | i "We Plan and Plant Grounds and Gardens Everywhere." E I NURSERYMEN, FLORISTS AND PUNTERS | I RUTHERFORD, N. J. | SiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiNiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii^ BON ARBOR A^^'arded Diploma and Silver Medal at 1912 Royal International Exhibition, London, Eng. BON ARBOR NO. 1 will keep your Tennis Courts and Lawns green in the hottest weather. Will grow Lettuce, Celery, Cauliflower, and anything that matures above the ground to the finest perfection. We can prove it. Bon Arbor No, 1 ii put up as follows; Package making 15 gallons, by mall. .. .$0.30 Package making 30 gallons, by mall 55 6 lb. pscbage making 150 gallons, exp. extra l.flO 26 lb. packnge making 750 gallons, exp. extra 6.25 SO lb. package making 1.500 gallons, exp. extra 12.50 100 lb. package making 3,000 gallons. exp. extra 20.00 Rarrelfl from 2.50 to 300 lbs.. 19c. per lb. RADIX WORM ERADICATOR removes worms instantly from your Tennis Courts, Golf Greens, Flower Pots, etc. 2 gallons, making 200 gallons, $2.00 per gallon. IJ/j gallons suflScient for Tennis Court 78 x 36 feet. ANT DESTROYER. Rid your garden and lawn of ants. It can be done in less than a week. Per lb. 65c.; 10 lbs., 60c. per lb.; 25 lbs., 50c. per lb, BON ARBOR CHEMICAL CO. Paterson, N. J., U. S. A. Write for descriptive catalogue, new 1912 edition. Wc manufac- ture also Radix Worm Eradicator. Insecticides, Weed Killer «nd all ■ grlcultural chemicals. Special prices on large quantities. SPECIAL NOTICE TO Gardeners and Superintendents OF Public Parks and Private Estates W f li,i\c rcc(.'i\c(l .several ct)n.si.i;"nniciils nf HOLLAND GROWN BULBS'that were .i^rnwn f..r tlio EUROPEAN MARKETS. ( )ii .icci unit (if tlie war tliev were sent tn u.s t.. he arc .il the FINEST VARIE- TIES and EXHIBITION SIZE. Kindly let u.s kimw ynur wants and we will he pleased t(i (|n(ite ynu. .Sh:NI) 1"( )R C'.\'r.\l.()(iUE. The Macniff Horticultural Company 56 Vesey Street, New York City, New York MR. GARDENER: JUST CONSIDER A MOMENT! Sick Trees Never Cured Themselves Yet ! AND THEY NEVER WILL! Then Why Wait Longer? Time Is Precious. CALL US IN WE HAVE the KNOWLEDGE, the EXPERI- ENCE, the MEN. the TOOLS. JOHN T. W^ITHERS, Inc. Lftndscape Architect and Korester 1 Montgonmery St. Jersey City, N. J. 158 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. El}t Contents— ^^pt^tttb^r, 1914 "Our Flag" .... Selected Awakening Interest in Aquatic Gardens B\i William Tncl(e Pelargonium "Clorinda" Bl, Charles H. Tolly The Plant That Coughs . Japanese Blood-Leafed Maple "We Are All Alike" Wintering Flowering Greenhouse Heaths Hardy Perennials from Seeds Dasyiirion Glancophyllum History of the Gardening Profession B\) Arlhur Propagating the Dahlia Our Cover Illustration Cultivation of English Walnut Trees Bv Holisler Sag' Edging Material for the Plant House Euphorbia (Poinsettia) Pulcherrima English Ivy as a Cover Plant What Bulbs to Plant The 1 rees .... Spent on Roads in 1 9 I 3 . Park Development Organization . By Frederick Law 01 Smith 159 160 162 162 163 163 163 164 164 165 168 168 169 170 170 170 171 171 171 nstead I 72 Notes by the Way By William H. Waite Opportunities in the Country Giving Old Mother Nature a Chance . By John Kendrick Bangs Editorial ..... National Association Notes Among the Gardeners British Gardeners' Association American Association of Park Superintendents American Rose Society Work for the Month of October . By Henry Cibson Queries and Answers National Associations Local Societies .... Gardeners' Diary .... Newport Flower Show Tuxedo Park, N. Y., Shooting Match . Nassau County Horticultural Society Connecticut Horticultural Society . The Horticultural Society of New \ ork Oyster Bay Horticultural Society Northshore (Mass.) Horticultural Society Monmouth County Horticultural Society Massachusetts Horticultural Society Lake Geneva Gardeners' and Foremen's Ass'n Uncle Ike on the Initiative . Advantage of Fall Planting 174 175 175 176 177 181 181 182 187 188 189 190 190 191 191 191 192 192 192 192 192 192 193 193 193 193 illli IIPl Half a Million of the finest Roses in the v^ona are ^ouvs if 3)00 x\)ant them. I am the American Agent for Hugh Dickson of Belfast, Ireland, and can quote 3)ou an}) quantity) or ^)ariet3). Am just now making up ray import orders and \<)ould like to hear from you if interested. CHARLES H. TOTTY, Madison, N. J. p. S. — Rose List mailed you on request GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA THE OFFICIAL ORGAN OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF GARDENERS Devoted to the Science of I loriciiltuie and Horticiiltiii-e. THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PARK SUPERINTENDENTS. Devoted to Park Developnifnt and Re- reatiinal Facilities. \'c.l. XVIII. si:i'ri:Mi!ER, 1914. No. 5. (E)nr 3Tlag jiiav hccoiiie. "I live a changing life, a life of moods and /^assioiis. of lieart- breaks and tired muscles. "But alzvays I am all that yuii Iiofe to he. and lia:'e the coinage to try for. "I am song and fear, struggle and funic, and eiiiuddiug hope. "1 am the day's "work of the iccakest num. and the largest dream of the most daring. "I am the battle of yesterdax. and the mistake of to-morrozv. "I a)n the mystery of the men who do without knozcing zn'hy. "1 am the clutch of an idea, and the reasoned purpose of res- olution. "1 am no more than zvliat you believe me to be and I am all that you believe I can be. "I am wJiat you make me, nothing more. "I szi'lng before your eyes as a bright gleam of color, a symbol of yourself, the pictured suggestion of that big thing zvhich makes this nation. My stars and my stripes are your dream and your labors. They are bright with cheer, brilliant zvith courage, firm zi'ith faith, because yon have made them so out of your hearts. For you are the makers of the Hag and it is zvell that you glory in the making." — Selected. Awakening Interest in Aquatic Gardening By Wm. Aquatic gardening- is apparently in its infancy, though aquatics are as uld as the hills; but this class of plant now commands our attention. Aquatics are associated with the history of the ancient Egyptians, where mention is first made of the Egyptian lotus, Nelumbium speciosum, the worship ot which was common with them. Sculptural representations of it are found among the ruins of Egyptian temples. It was nnt I inly knuwn tn the ancient Egyptians, but was comnicin in cilden times in East and West India, China, Japan, I'ersia. and Asiatic Russia. The Chinese have ever Held it in sacred regard, but that character was not limited merely to ornamental purposes ; the roots (or tubers) were used and still are as an article of diet. The American lotus, Xeluml)ium leteum, was well known to the Indians as an article of diet, but has of late been disregarded. Nymphaeas are also \videl\ diffused and are found in all ])arts of the world, each different country possessing species peculiarly its own. l!ut (jf all the X\ni[)haeas no species can compare with N'ictoria Kegia and al- though many species were known in luigland prior to the introduction of the latter, the cultivation of aquat- ics received a stimulus thereby, which extended to the United States, the effect of which is felt bv us this day. The discovery of this wonderful plant bv Mr. liridges, an English traveler, in 1845. He successfully carried to England the seeds that produced the first plant which became so famous. This was in the year 184'', when a tank was built ex])ressly for the new plant in the great conservat()ry at Chatsw< jrth, under the man- agement of Mr. Paxton. It is interesting to note that there were progressive florists in the United States at this date, although neither rapid transit not ocean greyhounds were estab- lished. Yet, the result of such an achievement in flori- culture was not only known here, but a similar tank and greenhouse were constructed, and the \'ictoria Regia was successfully grown by Mr. Caleb Cope, Philadeljihia, Pa., in 1831. Considering the time when the Victoria flowered in England — No\ember, 1849 — there was little time lost; and this act exhibited an enthusiasm and enterprise worth}' of our day. The foregoing is the earliest record of aquatic gardening in this country. With the \"ictoria was also introduc- ed Nelumbium Speciosum. The construction of the Victoria tank and house was sucli as to stimulate natural conditions. The warm water and tropical at- mosphere were not enough ; the water had to be kept in motion. A water wheel was constructed for this purpose and a stream of water constantly flowed which was conducted into a cistern or reservoir in the middle of the vegetable garden which was used for watering in those days before city water hydrants and hose were thought of. In this cistern the Nelumbium Speciosum was planted and was a great success. After this small aquariums and ponds were made out of doors by diff'er- ent people and aquatics were more or less grown. It is sad to relate of this enterprising gentleman, as of many others since, that he died very shortly after this event and that the glory and pride of this horticul- tural establishment thereafter departed, and on this historical spot stands the Forrest Home for aged actors. Yet another and pleasing feature in connection with this first Victoria in the United States, and which makes this event most interesting. W^e had until re- Tricker. cently at the head of the Department of Parks in the capital of the Union a man of singular ability, experi- ence and judgment who was an employee in the gar- dens of Air. Caleb Cope when the first Victoria and lotus were grown. 1 refer to Mr. (Jeo. H. Brown, now deceased. The state of Massachusetts appears to have been the next in order of date where the cultivation of the Victoria Regia was engaged in. The earliest grower in that state being John Fisk Allen, of Salem, who on June, 1883, exhibited \'ictoria Regia at the rooms of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society. The Vic- toria still led the way and in the year 1856 it was grown in Cincinnati by Mr. Geo. Pentland, gardener to Nicholas Longworth, Esq., but its cultivation did not become general and would not now under such expensive modes of culture. Attempts to cultivate Nelumbium speciosum are re- ported i)rior to Mr. Cope's venture. The archives of the Pennsylvania Horticultural .Society contain the following report: "At the meeting held on February, 1840, the committee on distribution of seeds submitted their rejiort, from which it appears two parcels of seeds had been received, one from Calcutta, presented in 1838 by Dyllwyn Parrish, containing among other things seeds of Nelumbium Speciosum and N. Album, and Mr. R. P>uist succeeded in raising plants of these species wdiich were ccmsidered very rare in this coun- trv if indeed the}' existed, except from these Calcutta seeds." From 1856 to 1876 very little was done in the way of aquatic gardening, but at the latter date Philadel- phia was again to the front and a plant of Victoria Regia was a novel and attractive feature of the Cen- tennial Ex])osition. In 1886 aquatics were introduced into Central Park, New York. Nelumbium Speciosum is there naturalized and is one of the most striking fea- tures of the i^ark. In 1888 L. \\'. (ioodell appeared on the scene with a tank of aquatic plants at the annual exhibition of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society. .A. year later H. H. Hunnewell exhibited a collection. Amateurs now commenced to cultivate the aquatics and choice specmiens were to be seen at Newport and in the neighi)orhood of Boston, Chicago and other cities. Mr. Chadwick, president of Chicago Horticul- tural Society, grew aquatics which undoubtedly led to the introduction of these plants into Lincoln Park in 1888, then under the able management of Supt. J. A. Pettigrew. The cultivation of Victoria Regia as well as all available Nymphaeas at that time has given Chi- cago and her parks a world-wide reputation. ( )ther parks and gardens have introduced aquatics with sur- prising results and to-day they are the most jiopular plants. The \'ictoria has been grown in the Botanic (lardens, Washington, D. C, since Dr. Bahnson. after several attempts, succeeded in flowering the Vic- toria in the open at Salem, N. C, grown without arti- ficial heat. It must necessarily be late in the season before ])lanting out or run the risk of losing all. In many cases where steam power is used in factory, pump or for other purposes, the waste steam can be used for the heating of the tank, but the safect and best method ■ is to have an independent heating system. The in- troducing of Victorias into our gardens and parks opened up a wide field for the general cultivation of tropical Nymphaeas which has now become general in THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 161 most of our public parks, also by a large population ni tbe wealthier class who own and maintain beautiful grounds. A few enthusiastic amateurs who grew atpiatics for pleasure and recreation have done much i(ir the advancement of this now popular class of plant, and it may safely be said that in no other country can such aquatic gardening be seen at the present day as in fhe United States. In England, where every known \ariety finds a home, few, if any, growers ha\e \en- tnrned to cultivate Xyiiiphaeas save in atjuatic houses, hence it is very difficult to compare the same nr to know the species by description of plants grown under glass with less light anil solar heat, as gi\en. The l)lants here are more vigorous, have more substance, and the color of the flower and foliage is intensified. We are all familiar with the name water lilies, ilmugh a misnomer, and we all know that Xymphacaea is nut Liliacea: we might rather call them water mses. as (lur friends do across the big pond. Any way we know them as water lilies and when we hear that wnrd nur minds at once carry us away back tci our childhcmd years and places wliere the water lily grew, whether in this or any other Cduntry. Ikit t(_i the general mind it cnnveys the picture of a white flower, in all its purity, as white lilies predominate in the temperate zone. ( )ur Hastern fragrant pond lily, otherwise known at Xyniphaea odorata, is white: the pond lilv of the mid- dle and western states, X. tuberosa in numerous forms, is also white. The haircjpean lily. X. alba. X. Candida, is alsii white, as are also the Japanese species, .\. I'yg- mea. These species are the progenitors of a host of \arieties, embracing all shades of color, save blue : yet including a most valuable color not mentioned befure, that of yelldW. This color was intriMliiced tliniugh the admition of X. flava, the Florida ,\ c.irniine and deep carmine. This was indeed no\el. but the flower was undersized and as larger flowers made their appear- ance this almost vanished out of sight initil it is now hardly ever seen. I know of but one section in thi> country where it was a success — nortlieni .Vex'v ^'ork State. ' Hut as new and larger llowers came rapidls into the market, even at higher figures, this charming hybrid became scarcer and scarcer and few of this group ever existed. We have onlv I.avdekeri rosea, fulgens, pur- purata and lilacea. These are excellent varieties for tub culture and small basins. As a species I do not know of a darker pink than X. alba rosea or Sphoertj- carp;i, and less than three decades ago we had only a few species of the hards water lilies, whereas at the present time we have over one hundred varieties, the [orogeny of these three cardinal colors, white, [jink and yellow. It might be nice to include blue, but I am thankful it is not hardy and belie\e it never will i)c. Hut let us turn to the field of leniler Xymphaeas. yV few species ha\e been known for a number of years; .\. Rubra, the India species; X. Capensis, of South America, and X. Coerulea, of Xortli ,\frica. and asso- ciated with Egyptian history, and .\. Lotus. The India species are night blooming and it is well the\ are. for they cannot endure our summer sunshine, let alcjne that of India. 'Jlie first xariet}- we are fa- miliar with is N. Devoniensis, named in honor of the Duke of Devonshire, origin unknown, or (luestionablc, but it is a form of X. Rubra: the latter s])ecies and X. Lotus or deiitata arc the species from whence came our selected group of night bloomers, embracing many of the choicest water lilies now in cultisation. also the largest flowers, these if not all are of .\merican origin. The blue water lilies all hail from .\frica or nearby places. The X. Zanzibariensis comes from Zanzibar, and X. (ligantea from .Australia. The latter is very difiicult to cultivate, but it can lie grown and I think it surpasses every known blue water lilv in cultivation. ( )f late another species has made its apjiearance or has iieen brought into i)rominence, Alicrantha. This is, entirely distinct, being of a \i\iparous nature — produc- ing a distinct and separate jilant from the upper sur- face of the leaf just over the insertion of the jietiole. Another characteristic is its wcnidcrful floriferousness, perpetual flowering and prodncing extra sized flowers in the depth of winter, the color of which is not afTect- ed b_y the short and dull days. In the early eighties an army dcjctor in Salem, N. C, turned his attention to water lilies and succeeded in growing se\eral ^■arieties and was tempted to try a \ictoria Regia out of doors, and after a time succeeded in ha\ing a jilant flower out of doors without artificial heat. This, 1 believe, was the first on record. Amongst his Xymphaeas, which were largely hardy kinds, ap- peared a fine pink variety, a natural cross, not a hybrid, Tliis l;itter was ])ut on the market as N. Odo Carol- iniaiia. I regret this variety has disappeared, although the name still exists. About the same time John J. < lardiier, brother of Richard (Jardner, both enthusiasts, both specialists, was gardener for Jerry Lorillard, at Jobstown, .\. i. lie. too, grew some water lilies, and about this time they were iiitroest. This color is held witliout much change until Sum- mer is well advanced. It changes with the heat of the season, becoming dulled by the sun, but until Autumn there is a distinct red color to the foliage. There is no other red foliaged small tree or shrub its equal in its way, and of its general hardiness there is no question. Because of its appearance as a shrul) on our lawns many do not know it grows to the height of a small tree, but it does. There are some of them about Philadelphia ISft. to 20ft., having a spreading, bushy habit, not unlike bushy forms of .Acer campestre that one sometimes sees. But these large ones are, some of them, perhaps 40 years old, as it is from 40 to 50 years since plants of it were in- troiluced to Philadelphia gardens. Some have supposed them as first appearing here together with the Japanese who rejjresented their country at the Centennial E.xposi- tion at Philadelphia in 18/6, liut this is a mistake, as there were plants of it in the Meeham nurseries before that, cciming, it is now believed, from a German nursery from which importations were then made. Those who plant this blood-leaved Maple in a shaded place make a great mistake, as it will not take on its rich red color in such a situation ; instead the foliage will be almost green. Xiu'serymen often are charged with having supplied a sjiurious bush in cases like this, the owners, knowing nothing of the requirements of the i)ush, placing it imder the shade of large trees or in other shaded positions. Even when a bush is in a proper open position, should the upper l^ranches closely press on those below them, it will lie the upper ones only that will be of the blood cnN.ir of best type as are the leaf stems as well. The whole appearance of the tree is so unlike any other that to have a s|)ecinien of it on a lawn is considered a great acquisition. It is of Japanese origin, and but the one species, Jajionicum, is known, and, fortunately, it proves hardy with us in our severest Winters. It cannot lie praised as a flowering plant, for its flowers are so small and colorless — save for its stamens, which make some dis- play— that to many it passes as producing none. Then, being of a dioecious nature, the male and female flowers are on separate trees, so it is only when two trees of an opposite character are near each other that seeds are pro- duced. These seeds come in short pods, are very small, but vegetate well, hence there is no trouble in getting a stock of seedlings rapidly when seeds are procured. Besides propagation in this wa\', there is that of 1a\'ers, and cutting of young shoots in .Summer, to help along in adding to one's stock. This tree presents its best .'ip])carance when growing in deep, moist ground. Then its foliage is presented at its best, nnich superior to what it is wdien in positions lack- ing moisture, flotanists tell us the Cercidi])hvlluni is clo>;elv allied to the Magnolias, but there is nothing in the general appearance of the tree to indicate this. WE ARE ALL ALIKE. "We're all alike, it seems to me No matter wdiat our stations; For we all prune the family tree Bv cutting poor relations." WINTER-FLOWERING GREENHOUSE HEATHS. .\t one time collections of greeidiouse Heaths formed a prominent feature of many gardens, but with the decline in poindarity of hard-wooded plants in general, man}" of the Heaths disappeared from cultivation. A few kinds, however, are still grown, and as a rule in very large quantities, fcjr some of the nurserymen who make a specialty of them generally devote the greater part of their energies to these greenhouse Heaths and similar plants, such as Boronias and Epacrises. De- lightful little specimens of these may frequently be seen in the florists" shops, especiall}- during the au- tumn, winter and early spring months, the summer- flowering kinds being, naturally, not so much in de- mand, though of them the attractive Erica ventricosa is still grown. After the summer is over, the Heath season niay be said to begin with E. gracilis, a dense, twiggy little bush, whose tiny rosy purple flowers are borne in great profusion. Several \arieties of this Heath are in culti\ation, namely, rosea, in which the purple tinge of the flower is almost wanting", it being of a pleasing rosy shade; and vernalis, of nKjre sturdy growth than gracilis itself, and much later in flowering. There are two white or pale flowered kinds, namely, alba, the oldest, in which the blossoms often have a pinkish tinge. They are decidedly less pure than those of nivalis, which is now extensively grown. .\fter E. gracilis comes E. hyemalis, a great faxurite, and always in considerable demand about Christmas time. There is a variety of this known as superba, wdTose flowers are deeper colored than those of the tyjie, also a variety alba, in which they are pure white. .Another winter-flowering Heath that has come jjrom- inently forward within the last decade or so is E. melanthera, which may be grown into larger speci- mens than any of the others. The flf.«:-«;^**i* .mw.'m m. .^mjf^ «« .* *._< -A. . .^ . D.\SVI,IRION r.I..'\XCOI>IIVI.I.UM. History of the Gardening Profession— Its Progress By Arthur Smith ll is w ilh sdiiie difikknce thai I xoiiturc to address you u])()ii this subject, more especialh in ijoston, in a state containing perhaps more thoniughly well-managed pri- vate estates than an\- other in the L'nion. i!ut as our association is a national one, 1 consider myself as speak- ing not only to those i)rescnt, 1)ut to all private gartleners through the country. There are no doubt several ways in which this subject could be dealt with, but the point of view taken by myself is tliat our work in its real and highest sense requires an education as wide, as deep and as scientific as that which is necessary to fit a man to be, for instance, a qualified physician. A large number of gardeners have this edu- cation and are therefore entitle at the height of its prosperity two thousand \ears ago horticulture was classed among the most honored calhngs. .Main of the most noted senators of that period went to the ."senate literally from the plow- handlcs. Mowers in the greatest profusion were al- ways in evidence at public and private festivals, and the tioddess I'dora held one of the highest positions in the religion of those times, .\mong the most noted writers of tiie ]jeriod were those who u.sed their literary ability in advancing the art of soil cultivation and plant growing, and although the\- did not know anything about the scientific principles underlying their ])ractice, \et the most advanced methods of that day were in many respects no wa_\ behind those of the present: in fact, the majority of farmers in this country tc)da\ dn not farm so well as did those ancient Romans, and nian_\- of the precepts advocated by those writers coukl with great advantage be jiut into practice upon gardens and farms at the pres- ent moment. In all times man has. in his desire for the beautiful, added a fiow^er garden to his house and e\-en in the in- terior of .South .\frica I have seen Kaffir huts with a garden around them planted with flowers ; a striking con- trast to thousands of houses in this countrx toda\- with ground around them but no gartleii. There is ample evidence to show that from immeniori.al times there have existed private estates with elaborate ornamental grounds, and public parks and gardens which required skilled men for their management and ujjkeep, and apart from this obvious fad ancient writings i>ristle with statements showing th.it our calling as a distinct .\RTIiUR SMITH, RE.XDING, P.\. 166 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. profession has been throughout all the times of the ancient civilizations most highly thought of. So far as I am aware the first attempt to form our profession into an association was in the year 1345, at which date the City of London Guild of Gardeners was established, about which the courtesy of the secretary, Mr. E. A. Ebblewhite, has enabled me to learn many interesting historical details which time will not permit being fully mentioned. -\t that period guilds were common both in England and the northwestern part of Europe, this guild of gardeners being the sixty-sixth that was formed in Lon- don, each of them being for a different craft. These guilds were established for the one and all-embracing object of securing the highest possible efficiency in the respective craftsmen, and also to see that no inefficient, unskilled men practiced a craft. As these objects were undoubtedly for the public interest, the guilds had the support of the law, and the guild of gardeners had the power under their royal charter of causing the arrest of all persons carrying on the trade (as they called it) of a gardener without the consent of the guild ; that is, of men who were not skilled craftsmen. At the present day a body with that power would be kept fairly busy in this country. Although some of these guilds still exist, the march of time has caused their power to become oljsolete. This guild of gardeners now confines itself to giving a scholar- ship tenable for two years for the purpose of assisting young gardeners in their horticultural studies. Its mem- bers also take an annual outing, which this year was spent in visiting some of the fine old gardens still to be found in P>ance, whicli managed to escape the vandalism of mob law. Some people have been ignorant to state that these guilds were practically the same as trade unions. As a matter of fact, the similarity between the two is like that of chalk and cheese. Guilds were formed and supported bv men of the high- est principles, by men whose probity was unciuestionable. who possessed wide and high ideals and who sought in every way possible to elevate the standard of craftsman- ship to the loftiest plane. So far at least as the guild of gardeners was concerned, and there is no reason to sup- pose any difference in the case of others, the cjuestion of remuneration was never once made the subject of even discussion, much less action. One of the objects of our association is to obtain the recognition of gardening and estate management gen- erally as a profession. A clause in article 1 of our con- stitution reads, "To uplift the profession of gardening by endeavoring to improve conditions within it." Some think that one of the best ways of obtaining improved conditions is to secure higher salaries. In the first place it must be borne in mind that a man who is receiving all the pay he is worth is on the down grade ; and secondly I venture to think that if every gardener's salary were raised 50 per cent, tomorrow, it would not have the eilfect of uplifting the profession by a hair's breadth. If we really wish to benefit ourselves we must go deeper than this.' The failure of our profession as a whole to reach the position to which it has the right to aspire is caused by the fact that the rank and file of it do not fully satisfy estate owners' requirements ; in other words, the pro- fession is being held back by the number of incompetent within its ranks. You probably think this a very strong statement, and I do not for a moment expect it to be a popular one, but it is one which is certainly warranted by facts within nn- own knowledge, and as regards its popularitv I am not in the posUion of a demagogue on the stump for votes, but in that of a man thoroughly convinced of the serious- ness of the disease from which our profession is suffering which recjuires the infliction of pain to place it on the road to convalescence and to cause it to open its eyes to the obstacles in the way of reaching a healthy condi- tion. To know the cause is the first step towards a cure. It has happened that during the past twelve years my work has prmcipally been that of starting private. estates in various parts of the countrv from Long Island to as far west as Washington State, and during this period circumstances have given me many opportunities of meet- ing estate owners other than those for whom I have worked upon what may be termed neutral ground. It has thus been possible to learn something of the employ- ers' point of view and to hear statements regarding their difficulties in respect of men whom they have put in charge of their estates, which, together with numerous in- cidents that have come under my own observation, has placed in mv possession many facts which go to support the assertion 1 have made. It is, I think, a pity that the word gardener is too often taken in its narrowest, instead of the widest, sense. It should be looked upon as including all phases of estate management, not, as is the extreme position taken Ijy some, that anything outside a greenhouse as being out- side either their interest or study. A resident in lioston said to me a year or so ago that it is laniental)le how comparatively few men there are seeking positions to take charge of private estates who know anything about hardy plants. .\ few years ago an estate owner had all his glass pulled down so as to take away any excuse for the continual neglect of his shrubbery, herbaceous borders and other outside work. In another case the estate was shut down entirely on ac- count of the owner Iiecoming disgusted. On an estate, which there is no harm in saying is in Massachusetts, the owner told me that he had been trying for years to get a gardener who was interested in botany and the natural flora of the country with a view to encouraging the growth of native plants in the wilder parts of the grounds surrounding the house, but without success. He remarked how strange it seemed that the average gar- dener should take practicalh- mi interest in hardy plants and wild flowers. I do not in any way belittle the value of the florist's side of our profession. Those of us who visited the New York Show last spring must have felt great pride in the splendid exhibits which private gardeners made there, and which, by causing private estate owners to take great interest in it. contributed much to the show's success. But why should a professional gardener who is an ex- pert florist stop at that? Why cannot he be as expert in all other branches of estate management ? Most estate owners have a different conception of what constitutes gardening than they had even ten years ago. Things horticultural are upon a much higher and more artistic level and will become more so as the teachings of Nature and nature study bear fruit. Employers today require something more than the artificial production of tlie greenhouse and the profession must keep pace with the march of these newer ideas. It appears to me to be unreasonable to expect an es- tate owner to pay a large salary to a one-sided man, how- ever expert he may be in one thing, more especiallv if the employer requires more of something else that the manager imderstands little or nothing about, and does not even show himself willing to take the trouble to learn. Of course one is not blind to the fact that there are many first class men, men possessing wide and deep pro- THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 167 fessioi>al education, who are not receiving the appreci- ation nor remuneration they deserve. To the average professional man in the fullest sense of the term his work IS a labor of love to which he gives his entire self. Many men are discouraged and prevented putting forth tiieir hcsl hy reason of want of encouragement on the part of their employers. A man takes up his work day by day with renewed vigor if he knows that he is ap- preciated; that his constant striving after more and bet- ter results — frequently under difficulties which his em- ployer could remove — is recognized and that his position as a professional man is acknowledged. This goes further than an increase in salary. Not that an increase in one's income is unwelcome to any one, but no amount of salary will compensate for want of appreciation, especially when coupled with a policy of pettv pinpricks and a constant inculcation of the idea that a professional gardener is nothing more than a servant. Referring to the men who will take a position as gar- dener for the wages of an ordinary laborer, I do not think we need worry ourselves about the competition of these mongrel gardeners, for the competition is more likely to come from another and higher direction. It is no doubt a truism that lookers on see most of the game, and a man whose position enaliles him to see very clearly facts both inside and surrounding our profession, said to me early this year, "If you gardeners don't wake tip you'll find your occupation gone." He alluded to the fact that men are graduating every year from colleges who have taken the course in agriculture and kindred subjects and wiio for that reason consider themselves fitted to take charge of private estates. This is the di- rection from which the competition is coming. If we wish to hold our own and oI)tain that full recognitinn and remuneration to which the requirements of our pro- fession entitles us, we must take steps to put ourselves really in the professional class by acknowledging the value and necessity of scientific knowledge. Employers are in many cases under the impression that a college man is necessarily better than one without college education. The college man lacks practical ex- perience and until he gets this he will be as onesided as the practical man is without the scientific knowledge. In the latter part of July an advertisement for an estate manager contained the words, "Xo college graduate need apply." Unfortunately the average practical man ignores the value of science. This has probably been caused by bis confusing the facts of science with the mere theories of scientists. It is not necessary to attend a college to get a working knowledge of the scientific principles of our pro- fession, for by attending the Fireside University we can place ourselves in the position of having a far wider and deeper professional knowledge than the man who goes through college before he has had anv practical experi- €nce. The best of us must realize that we do not know it all We must give more time to the reading of hfgh-class tech- nical publications and scientific text books. I have always thought it a great pity that a publication like Garden and Forest ceased to exist because it did not receive sufficient support from us. It was a thousand times ahead of any- thing published in this country both before and since: that it had to be given up was the reverse of creditalilc to the profession and proves how little is the general desire for greater technical knowledge. .\t any rate we must open our eyes to the fact that sci- entific education in our profession has come to stay. Uni- versities all over the world are placing farming, garden- ing and forestry in a position of greater prominence. Those who know what Oxford and Camhrids'c universi- ties have stood for during nianv Inuidreds of years will realize this when they know that these have now placed our profession upon the .same footing as all the other learned professions have ])reviously stood. The impor- tance of a wider education along these lines is now rec- ognized in Britain by the fact that the possession of a diploma by those seeking positions as head gardeners is becoming imperative there. This will, I hope, be the case in this country before many years. I am afraid my time has more than expired, but to sum up the matter we must realize that our future depends upon ourselves, and the first step in uplifting our profes- sion must be that of rallying together and forming a strong association. We must grasp the fact that our po- sition in the horticultural world is totally distinct and different from that of the other interests within it, we shall have to stand or fall by ourselves. 1 lorticulture supports numerous societies, which it is unnecessary to recapitulate. Each of these societies have been formed for dealing with the special interests in- volved and for no other. All these societies can, and it is desirable that they should, cooperate with each other and with all in the interests of horticulture as a whole. lUit we must not forget that while cooperation is one thing amalgamation is something entirely different. Take, for instance, what the Rose Societv has accomplished during 'le past few years. Supposing that roses, sweet peas, and all the other flowers having their own societies had all been in one society what progress would have been ac- complished in connection with each of them? I venture Id think very little. Then take ourselves. The commercial florist has no more knowledge of our distinctive problems than we have of his. He has his own troubles which are obviously upon an entirely different plane to our own. If at any lit our interests touch that is the place where we can cooperate. But no society has anything to gain, in fact, everything to lose, by amalgamating with any other whose wiirk is upon an entirely distinct basis. We desire neither patronage nor charity, and I should bojie we have not yet reached the low stage of seeking [leople to do something for us. If a profession like ours, after existing for many thousands of years has not suffi- cient backbone to do things for itself, then the time has arrived when it might as well cease to exist altogether. However strong any individual organization may be- come among those connected with its special interests, I do not see how that fact can cki harm to any of the others. ( )ne is. however, led to think that there are persons within the bounds of horticulture who consider a strong and virile National .\ssociation of Gardeners a thing to l)e deplored. They appear to be jealous of the progress we are making, as if our growth were their misfortune. If there are some who object to our "playing in their \ard" it is of little consequence. < >ur yard extends frt)m .Maine to California, and no one need care a continental, so far as our professional interests are concerned, whether l)oston. New York, I'liiladelphia, or any other city, is the Hub of the Universe : in this matter every one has a right to his opinion, but lie must be manly enough to concede to others the right to theirs. Taking horticulture as a whole, we occujiy a far more important position than any other section of that indus- try. .\ccording to the census returns for l')00 (those for 1910 not being yet complete) gardeners numbered thirty-eight thousand and commercial florists seventeen thousand. Of course, the numbers are in both cases greater today, Init there is no reason for supposing that there is anv projiortionate difference. Xo two distinct fields of work can [lossilily be served by one organization. 168 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. and if this were attempted the result eiuilil Lie nothin<.J but barrenness in l)Oth. To obtain an_\ real and lasting benefit to our profession we must be loyal to our association, the national character of which is something more than a name, for we could hold a meeting in most any state in the I'nion and muster a good showing of local members. Our secretary has been giving us a large amount of his time and money and has spared no efTort on our behalf. Is all this to go for nothing? .Are we so blind to our own interests as not to realize the immense good that a strong association, devoted solely and entirelv to ourselves, can do us? I cannot believe that we are. On the contrary, I am convinced that nur members have ever)' confidence in the possibilities which await us if we are firm in our allegiance to our association. Op- position should only have the efifect of increasing our determination to make the N. A. G. the strongest society in the Imrticultural world, and so to shape its policy that it will stand for everything calculated to make us pmud of ourselves and of each other. We must as mdividuals spare no eftnrt U< increase our membership, for, although we are receiving accession ^ every day, there are still a large number in our profession who do not fully realize all we stand for. (^ur dutv to ourselves is to bring all tit persons into tlie fold we jios- sibly can. The ball has been set mlliug to obtain the co-operation of estate owners and I venture to think that we shall secure this in a measure greater than even the most san- guine of us expect. If this is desirable then we must work together for the general uplift of our profession, and above all things we must keep clear of entanglements likely to retard our effc)rts and which will only have the efifect of putting sand into the bearings of our car which we intend driving up the hill of progress. Let our motto consist of one word — Excelsior. Read before the Xritioiial A.-snciation of (Tarileners at Boston, Mass .'\uglist 1<>. 1014. PROPAGATING THE DAHLIA. As the dahlia is deser\eilly a popular llower, and as the newer types bid fair to sur])ass the older ones in popu- larity, a few cultural and descriptive remarks pertaining to the various groups will jierhaps interest lovers of the plant, and elucidate many mistaken ideas which in practice are injurious, and are, therefore, detrimental to the pro- duction of flowers, writes H. J. Moore in Canadian Flonst. Ignorance of the ])roper nietln.ids of propagation is a deterrent factor as growers, with few exceptions, recognize but one method, viz., by division of the tuberous root stock. Plants so raised are not so vigorous as those propagated by means of cuttings or seeds, as they de- teriorate more quickly, and in the garden or on the show bench their Powers are inferior, a fact which is evident at a glance. Plants of any rare or valuable kind ma\- be increased by cuttings during August or September. V>\ this me- thod it is possible to multi]3ly the stock and so preclude the possibility of losing it during winter storage, which often happens where but one or two tubers of each variety exist. The cuttings should be lateral growths from the stem, not tliose bearing flower buds, and be prepared in the usual way by cutting below a node (joint) and remov- ing the leaves at the base. When prepared they should be inserted sinely in two-inch pots, containing sand, mixed with leaf soil, finely sieved, or inserted directly in sand in the bench, and after rooting be potted into three inch pots. If lilaced in a cool shaded greenhouse they will quickly form "pot roots" (small tubers), and when the plants have finished their growth the pots containing these should be stored away until spring. In the case of the general stock spring is the time to propagate. The old tubers may, during March, be re- moved from their storage and placed in a gentle heat of 60 to 65 degrees F., under the influence of which young growths will be produced. Any or all of those may be removed from the parent tuber, and as cuttings be inserted in the propagating bench, or in boxes filled with sand. Shaded from sunlight the>' will quickly root and after potting will, by the planting season, form sturdy |)lants. Propagation by division should not be tolerated where first-class flowers are required, or where the facilities of a small greenhouse or window conserv- atory allow of propagation by cuttings or seeds. The dahlia is capricious in that it does not always re- produce itself true from seed. -\s Ijy this means new varieties occur, this method of propagation is most fasci- nating, and merits a trial by the grower. Plants from seed sown in a greenhouse, in April or early May, de- velop rapidly, are ecjual in every way to those raised from cuttings, and if the practice were annually adopted by those whose storage facilities are not good, much worry would be precluded. There is, however, one objection to the method, there is no certainty that a desirable var- iety will reproduce itself, but the anticipation, as every ]ilant gradually approaches the flowering stage and the pleasure, as they individually unfold their petals, more than compensates for the time spent on their culture. The dahlia requires a moderately heavy soil, with |i]enty of humus. .\ very heav\' soil is not conducive to success, as the succulent roots are naturally unable to |)enetrate hard, stony or clay soils. Heavy soils, however, n:ay, by the addition of humus, be improved to such an extent a.s to render successful culture j^ossible. Do not plant out of doors until dang:er from frost is past. ( )ld. tubers which have not started into growth may he jilanted and escape injury as long as growth does not appear above ground. It is, however, best in all cases to start tubers, whether young or old, in boxes or in pots some weeks prior to ])lanting. While the methods of storing the tuliers difl:'er some- what there are two conditions which are essential to suc- cess, viz., a fairly dry atmosphere, and an average tem- perature of 50 degrees F. in the storage room. .\s dahlia tubers are esjiecially susceptible to the attacks of fungus, which cause them to rot, the atmosjahere should not be humid, and being tropical in nature, the plants must have a certain heat even when dormant. Under ideal condi- tions it is unnecessary to cover the tubers when stored awav, but if the atmosphere is excessively dry it is good practice to afford a light covering of dry leaves or straw to prevent evaporation of the moisture from their cells. Do not place the tubers on cold concrete floors, or on damp earth, a laver of boards will aft'ord protection from these. W'ater should not be given during winter, as it either excites growth, or causes disease. .Ml plants should be examined at least every month, and diseased ones be destroved. OUR COVER ILLUSTRATION. The illustration on our cover page, re!)r(iduced from a photograph of the Palace of Horticulture, was taken at a point 12.S feet aliove the ground, the photographer l)eing stationed on the huee Tower of Jewels, which is '^5 feet in height. The Horticultural Palace is one of the mrist remarkable and beautiful structures upon the exposition grounds. The building is 600 feet long and 300 feet wide. The huge dome in the center is 186 feet high and 152 feet in diameter. The architecture of the domes and minarets resembles that of the mosque of the Sultan .\hmed I. at Constantinople, while the details of the facades, spires and other decorations reproduce the Eighteenth Century French Renaissance. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 169 CULTIVATION OF ENGLISH WALNUT TREES. 1^ 1 Idi.i.i.^i i.R Sack. Cultivation ot" the Eni;iisii wainut is imt only one (if the newest but one of the must rapidly growing in(lustrie,s in the United State.s ; and of course the rea- son for this is readily traced to the fact that this coun- try is producing only about one-half enough of these nuts to supply the demand. The Persian walnut, commonly called the l-,nglish walnut, was named ".\'ut of the Clods." nineteen hundred years ago. 1)\ the Romans, and by them was distributed throughout southern Europe, where descendants of these original trees are now standing — some of them more than a thousand year- old — lasting monuments to the men who con(|nered these countries. In many places these same trees are iiroduciuL; a large part of the total income; in ti-uth, tlie United States alone is importing more than ti\e milli(jn dollars' worth of nuts from these trees every year, and about half a million dollars' worth of their timber. English walnut timber is \ery valuable. ha\ing a handsome grain and l)eing unusually heavy, so heavy, in fact, that the green wood will not float in water. The wood is used in the manufacture of .^unstocks and furniture, having a greater value than mahogany. .Single trees lia\e been known to sell for more than $3,000. Realizing the importance of having a home sujiply of luiglish walnut trees, France passed a law in 1720 jirohibiting the e.xportation of the timber. Mow well advised was this mo\e may be appreciated now wdien it is known that the United States is im|)orting yearly from southern France a large ]jercentage of our total consumption of 50,000,000 pounds of English w.ihiuts. The Romans did not neglect England; for as a re- sult of their invasion, man_\- of these tine trees, hun- ilreds of years old, are scattered along the roads and drixes in every part of the islands. .Some are nearly a hundred feet high with a spreail of more than a hundred feet and bearing thousands of nuts for their owners every year. ( )ne tree is reixnted to be more than a thousand years old and to ])roduce more than 100.000 nuts a year, lieing a chief factor in the support of live families. In luigiand. by the wa\ . it is custom- ar\- to eat the fresh nuts, after the removal of the outer skin, with wine, the two dainties being served together. The Cermans, also, were f|uick to discover the great intrinsic value to their country of these trees, and very early formed the habit of jilanting a young Eng- lish walnut tree to take the place of one which for any reason h:id lieen cut down. The (iermans were also said to hax'e promulgated m certain localities a law which required every young farmer intent on marriage to show proof that he was the father of a stated num- ber of English walnut trees. It is believed the first English walnut tree in this country was planted by Roger Morris in 1758 at what is now known as Washington Heights, New York C'itv, (leorge Washington must have found that tree in 177(). Just one hundred years later. Norma Pom- eroy. of Lockport, N, ^.. father of h". C. Pomeroy of the l>^nglish ^VahnU l-arms, found a tree in Philadel- phi.i, i)ossibly a descendant of the original Morris tree. .Mr. I'omerov's tree was loaded with an e-xceptionally line \ariet\' of sweet-flaxcired nuts, thin-shelled and with a \ erv full meat. That \ery tree, with Mr. Pom- eroy's help, was the ])rogenilor of all the l'".nglish wal- nut groves in western New N'ork, ;is well as of the many fruitful and ornamental trees now growini; in all parts of the North and East. I'.-xperts say there is no good reason why this coun- try should not raise, at least. enoui.;h I'.nglish walnuiS for our own needs, and e\en export a few million dol- lars' woitli. \\ c are now importing more dollars' worth of these nuts than both Canada and the United States are exi)orting in ajiples — and this, too, when Canada and the Cnitcil .States are known av apple countries, California is producing about 12,000 tons a year. That State's crop last \ear would have been more than 13,000 tons had there not been three days of extremely hot weather about the middle of September, the ther- mometer registering 115 in many of the walnut sec- tions. This torrid period seriously burned .about 2,200 tons of nuts. The California growers do not ha\e the frosts to open the outer shucks which we ha\-e here in the East, but they overcome this drawback in a great measure by irrigating a few days before the nuts are ripe. They begin the harvest the last of September, gathering the nuts which have fallen, drying them in trays for a few (lays, then taking them to the .Association jiacking houses, where they are bleached and sacked. The Association -loes the shipi)ing and marketing, the grower gets his check on delivery at the w.ireliouse. For there is no waste and the nuts are all sold before the harxest begins; in fact, often oversold. In some of the old missions of Californi.a there are English walnut trees more than one hundred and forty }-ears old. with trunks four feet in diameter. There are many of these individual ancient trees throughout the State, but the oldest of the orchards are from thirty-h\e to forty years. Some of these trees have a spread' of eighty feet or more and the growers consider th;it an English walnut orchard will bear profit.'diK- for at least two hundred years. If trees will do this in irrigated sections, they will live and i^row much longer in unirrigated place>. tor it is well known that the roots of trees not irrii;ated go much dee]3er into the sub-soil and get the moisture and nourishment which this sub-soil furnishe>. The roots of irrigated tree> remain nearer the surface and are not so long li\ed. As an orn;iment:il tree the English walnut is unsur- passed. It has a li.H'ht bark and dark green foliage which remains until late in the Fall, being shed with the nuts in October and never during the .Summer. It is also an exceptionally clean tree and beautifully shaped, and so far as known, has never been preyed upon In- the .San Jose scale or any other insect pest. This freedom from scale is attributed to the peculiar alkali sa|i of the tree. The demand for this nut is increasing rapidlx , as its great food value is constantly becoming better known. Its meat contains many times more nutriment th.ui the same amount of beef steak. The jirice is keei)ing pace with the demand, the growers now receivin.i; three times as nuich for a pound of nuts as they got a few years ago, when they were producing only a tenth of the present outjjut. Thus it ma\ be seen that the jjlanting of English walnut trees not only is an exceedingly lucrative ven- ture for the present generation, but it means the con- ferring of a priceless boon u])on the generations to come. .Some -States are considering the advisability of planting these trees along the new -State roads, after the custom in England and Cermany, wdiere practically all the walnuts are distributed along the drives or serve as ornamental shade trees u])on the lawns. There is one avenue in Ciermany which is bordered on both sides for ten miles by enormous luiglish walnut trees which meet in the c'enter. thus forming a beautiful cov- 170 THE GARDENERS* CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. ered lane and at the same time 3-ielding hundreds of dollars' worth of nuts each season. It is the custom in England and Germany to lease the trees to companies which pay so much for the privi- lege of harvesting the nuts, thus attaching to the trees a value similar to that of gilt-edged Jjonds, yielding a steady income to the owners with no work involved. Besides the demand for the English walnut as a table and confectii.mery delicacy, they are often used for pickles, catsup and preserves, and in France, many tons a year are made into oil, furnishing a splendid substitute for olive oil. EDGING MATERIAL FOR THE PLANT HOUSE. As with the outdoor department so is it indoors, suitable and well kept edgings to stages and groups of ornamental plants add to their general eiiect and mani- fest the taste and care of the grower. A window box or hanging basket is a crude aiifair without its hanging material, similar to the conservatory or show house with elevated benches, that present a show of piping underneath and other unsightly obstacles. Cement too, is playing an important part where some ferns or other green material not fit for pot room could be planted out under benches. Loads of cement is used in many a small garden to make broad walks and clean yards where flowers and grass could l>c utili;;ed just a trifle more. Edging plants are like taking full advantage of the fuel, as the plants themselves are out of the way, hang- ing down the sides of the bench, writes A. V. Main. Wlien May arrives it is generally the scarcest plant around, as it is wanted so much for baskets, verandahs and boxes. For indoor purposes it is hard to beat Panicum Variegatum, and it lasts longer than most of them. The various variegated forms of Tradescantia are worth}' edging plants. Their use is preferable to a display of rusty pipes and rickety piers, supporting a fine show of orchids, begonias or cyclamen. The lovely Abutilon Megapotamicum, with beautiful green and mottled leaves, likes the stove temperature. Ficus Repens and F. Radicans and Ruellia Portellae are but a few of the plants that have a tendency to droop. These are all so easily rooted in four or three-inch pots that frequent renewals are but right to replace old material that gets shabby and root-bound twice over. Vincas. Japanese Honeysuckle, Campanula Isophylla, Ghechoma Hederacea Variegata and Lobelia come more into prominence and general utility for summer baskets and window lioxes. Tn winter these hardy common trailers wlien used for decorating the fire- place, facing up bare palms, brightening up some cor- ner in the mansion or conservatory, add a final touch to decorations. — Canadian Florist. EUPHORBIA (POINSETTIA) PULCHERRIMA. I-"ur bright culor the Poinsettia has no rival during the Christmas season, and when the weather is mild, as it has been this season, it may be used with advan- tage either cut or as a pot plant. For the latter pur- pose, however, it is not all growers who succeed in ha\'ing plants witli good foliage down to the pots. In many instances the plants are propagated too earlv in the season, and before the time of de\-eloping the bright red bracts tliey have become too tall and also have lost their foliage, or at least all of tlie lower leaves, leaving a length of bare stem. I like to commence to pro]ia- gate as soon as good strong cuttings can be obtained, and then take the tops from these later on. Strong tops taken any time during August will, with care, root freely; they must be kept quite close where there is a good bottom-heat. Either a hotbed or the stove pro- pagating-pit will answer, but at the season when the fires are not kept up it is perhaps better to rely on a hotbed. Shading is essential until the cuttings have taken -root, and I should mention that as the strong tops are hollow between the joints, they must be cut quite close below a joint. These late-struck plants should be kept in heat throughout, but must be as close to the glass as possible, and exposed to all the sun- shine. As soon as the bracts are beginning to develop manure may be used freely. It is only where careful treatment can be given that these late cuttings succeed. Those propagated early may be grown in pits, or dur- ing the summer they may be placed in a sheltered, sunny position. They will show no sign of losing the foliage if left out until the nights get cold, but they will, when placed in heat, lose nearly all their leaves, and the bracts will not develop properly. As soon as they begin to show color the more heat and light that can be given the better, and after they are well devel- oped they may be gradually hardened ofif. When cut tiiev should have the base of the stem dipped in nearly I)oiiing water, which will drive the sap up and prevent bleeding, 'i'iius treated they will last in a room for several weeks, even longer than on the plants. — ILvcliaiige. ENGLISH IVY AS A COVER PLANT The advantages of the English Ivy as a cover plant have not been fully appreciated and when known it will be planted more. Its freedom from insect pests together with the ease with which it can be grown will appeal to every one who wishes to grow something that does not require much care, and which always looks green. The sliade of green is very restful to the eyes and with the clean foliage makes it very desirable. For shady places and among trees, where it is so hard to get anything to grow without large amounts of water, the ivy is very satisfactory. In such places it makes a heavy mat of green, which is ver}' useful on sloping ground where the soil is liable to wash. On parkings to take the place of law-n, it fills a long felt need. Outside of an occasional watering, and trimming where the runners creep o\er the edge it requires no attention. The English Ivy does best in a moist shady place, but will grow anywhere if it gets enough water to give it a good start. Plants grow readily from cuttings, l5ut it is better to get plants already rooted, .^.fter planting cover the ground with a thick cover of well rotted horse manure (care being taken not to cover the leaves) and then water thoroughly. If the mulch is thick enough watering once in ten days is sufficient, jiroviding the soil is level. A\'here the ground slopes, dig a trench above each rovv' of plants. Do this before planting, as the young plants must not be disturbed once they l^egin to grow. Do not cultixate around the voung plants as it keeps the rumiers from taking root. The Ivy will take root anv place it touches the ground. If these rootlets are continuallv iM'oken oft" the run- ners become sunburned and hardened. Everv place a runner takes root serves as a new means to gather food and moisture, so the jilant is able to grow more rapidly. — The Pacific Garden. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 171 WHAT BULBS TO PLANT. Not every person who calls himself a botanist is inter- ested in the' cultivated pets of the gardener, but everyone ought to have more than a passing interest in the spring flowering bulbs which hint of the coming of a milder season long before the wild species of field and wood confirm the fact. Still earlier than the flowers comes the bulb catalogue; in fact, if the weather is good it should appear in the early autumn along with the cro- cuses which, impatient for spring, are so early as to ap- pear late. It is not impatience but necessity, however, that actuates the bulb catalogue, for if spring-flowering bulbs are not planted in autumn there will be no spring flowers. The bulbs of this kind need the autumn and early winter in which to make roots and get things ready for an early start. The old bulb grower needs no in- structions regarding the selection of bulbs but the novice may be glad to have a few hints at the beginning. To such it may be said that while all the different kinds of bulbs oft'ered by the dealer will grow and bloom, there are some that are much better for the beginner than others because they yield their flowers with a minimum of attention on the part of the cultivator. The best bulbs to begin with, then, are the tulips and narcissi. Crocuses are cheap and make a fine show against a background of bare earth or withered leaves but they are not avail- able for cutting and are easily run out by stronger plants. Hyacinths are fine when in bloom but they, too, are not very persistent and often fail to bloom properly. The tulip is always on the job. Its large and brilliant flowers light up the grounds as those of no other early flowering bulbs can do, and they serve admirably for bouquets in- doors. Tulips may be had in all colors except blue, with flowers either single or double. If the plants are set in beds, one may have two entirely diiTerent crops of flowers from the same area by sowing the tulip beds, while yet the tulips are blooming, with seeds of petunia, portulaca, poppy or annual phlox, which will give brilliant masses of color all summer. The tulips may be left in the ground after they have died down, and the next spring will come up stronger and brighter than ever. In recent years a new race of late tulips, called Darwin tulips, have come in- to the market. These have stems a foot or more long with flowers of many delicate shades. They are as easily grown as the commoner sorts. The narcissi are fully equal to tulips as satisfactory garden flowers. They multiply rap- idly and a single bulb soon develops into a clump. None of the narcissi are difficult to cultivate, though the single varieties will doubtless give greater satisfaction than the double ones. The poet's narcissus is a favorite with many, and the Em])eror and Empress are magnificent varieties. Among smaller bulbs the glory of the snow (Chionodoxa gigantea) with fine clusters of lavender- blue flowers is well worth a trial, and a curious little plant from Syria, Puschkinia libanotica, with white and blue-striped flowers, wnll make an interesting addition to the bulb bed. Any catalogue will list many other kinds of bulbs, but the ones here mentioned are least likely to disappoint the beginner without previous ex])erience to guide him. Though the bleeding heart (Dicentra spectabilis) is not a bulb, attention may be called to the fact that autumn is the ]5roper time to set speciments of it in some sheltered corner. This ])lant is a spring blooming species, but its smaller relative, Dicentra eximia, will produce its small pink hearts throughout the summer. In planting bulbs, they should be set in a light, well drained soil in a spot where the spring sun will find them. It will be well, also, if they have some protection from the cold north winds of early spring, though this is not a necessity. During the winter the bulb bed should be covered several inches deep with dead leaves, coarse stable manure or other litter and this covering should not be removed in spring until the bulbs insist on push- ing up through it. — The American Botanist. THE TREES. They are gone ! O ! implacable City, 'Twixt a night and a night, ^^'ith no pang of regret or of pity, You have slain them outright. Though their beauty besought you to spare it. To keep it forever and wear it For your own and your children's delight. You have fattened your greed and your merit The squalor your streets shall inherit. In their innocent glory and grace, They, the primeval lords of the place, Ere your earliest highway was trod, Had grown old in the service of God ; And with arms lifted up as in prayer, Gave Him thanks for the sunlight and air. For the nourishing moss at their feet, And the thrushes that made their retreat In the heart of this Eden so long. For their lodging gave tribute of song. E'en the violets, dotting the sward. Breathing perfume of prayer to the Lord, Paid in full for their leasehold ; but you — In the service of Mammon, you grew To a huddle of houses and mills. Spreading squalor through hollows and hills, Till your grimy arms reached through your smoke To this grove of the Poplar and Oak. They are gone ! O ! implacable City, 'Twixt a night and a night, With no pang of regret or of pity, You have slain them outright. Though their beauty besought you to spare it. — Selected. $206,000,000 SPENT ON ROADS IN 1913. In 1913 there was a total expenditure of State funds for roads of approximately $38,750,000. The local road expenditures, if a 10 per cent, increase over 1912 is correct, would amount to $151,250,000. In addition, there must be counted approximately $15,000,000 as the value of statute labor in working out the road tax. This makes a total outlay for roads in 1913 of about $206,000,000. In 1904 the total expenditures for labor aggregated a little less than $80,000,000, so that the present annual expenditure for roads is more than two and a half times as great as it was nine years ago. The fact that the States for 1''14 have appropriated nearly $43,000,000, or an increase of more than $4,000,000 over the 1913 appropriation, and an increase of nearly $13,000,000 over the 1912 State approiiriation, indicates an increased interest in the State development of good roads. The mileage of roads built with the aid of State funds to the close of 1913 aggregated nearly 21,000 miles, or only about 2,000 miles less than the famous na- tional road system of T'"rance. It is interesting to note that there are now but nine ."states that set aside no .State funds for road building, and there are only se\en States which now have no State highway law. Automobile owners ])aid in licenses and fees in 1913, $7,820,895, nearly all of which was applied to road work. This sum is about one-thirtieth of tlie total State and local expenditure for roads. Park Department Organization By Frederick Law Olmstead. There arc tliree sound principles of administrative or- ganization which need to be more strongly emphasized and more effectivel}- enforced in many Park Departments. These principles are : ( 1) To fix clearlx the duties and responsibilities of each agent; (2) to make it unmistak- able to whom he is responsible for the satisfactory per- forn.ance of his duties, and ( 3 ) to give him enough dis- cretionary authority to de\elop his own sense of personal responsibility for getting the desired results. These principles are. of course, truisms. Xo admin- istrative organization which ignored them could do busi- ness at all, and I do not mean to suggest that thev are not more or less generally recognized in the work of our ])ark departments : but certainly the\- are n.ot always ap- plied with the thoroughness and consistency characteristic of a first-class organizatinn. In many park managements, the difificidt and somewhat chaotic conditions incident to the beginning of organization and construction have doubtless led to the adoption of emergency measures for getting necessary work done bv anv means available, regardless of the requirements for permanently efficient organization. What is now often greatly needed is a steady insistence on these principle> all akjng the line from the commissioners down. A-- regards the commission itself. I believe that the prime function and duty of a park commission, indeed the only adeijuate justification for the existence of a multiple commission instead of a single-headed park executive, is to provide that broader and sounder wisdom in regard to the large problems and general policies which is to be had from the united delih.eration of several nninds brought to bear from different ])oints of view. .\s an executive, one man unham|)ered by fellow commis- sioners but provided with adequate assistants is un- doubtedly more efficient than a commission of five men, and the only valid reason for not putting a park system under the charge of a single-headed executive is that there is serious danger of his doing, no matter how efficiently, some very unwise things. The purposes to lie accomplished in park work are so difficult of definition, so varied in character, and sometimes so conflicting, as ti' be very debatable matters of judgment, in regard to which anv one man's views are more likely to be mis- taken than is the joint opinion of five men of e(|ual or even of inferior ability. T feel very strongly, therefore, that what a park ci^nn- mission chieflv exists for is the joint exercise of deliberate judgment, controlling in wise directions the executive activity of its employees ; and that the individual activities of the commissioners should be directed, not to the doing of anv chores w'hich employees could be hired to do for them, but mainly toward equipping themselves, iper- sonallv, in knowledge of the conditions and otherwise, for taking the most effective possible part in the joint de- liberations of the board. It almost inevitably happens that each commissioner is most familiar with conditions affecting the parks in that part of the city where he lives. and such familiarity is a useful part of his equipment. But the natural tendency to regard each commissioner as a representative of his own district, in the sense of a special pleader for the interests as against those of the rest of the citv, is most deplorable. And, even though the character of the commissioners be such as to prevent anvthing like log-rolling, there is grave danger in per- mitting each commissioner to specialize as an authority upon the parks of his own district. In so doing, he is apt to remain rather superficially mformed about the other districts, and, \\ hen a matter comes up that does not affect his own district, he is disposed to w'aive his tants, and even though each be relieved of ])ersonal executive responsibility for those parts of the work assigned to other commissioners. Commissioners in charge of a city government occupy a dififerent posi- tion in relation to that work from the normal position of unpaid park commissioners in respect to park work. The city commissioners are expected to give substantially their whole time to the w'ork, they are paid for their services, and each of them is required not only to take part in the deliberations of the commission as a unified controlling body, but to assume personal responsibility, as the executive head of his own department, for the efficient performance in the minutest detail of every duty assigned to that department. It is. of course, possible to organize the work of a park commission on the same theory ; but my experience leads me to believe that it is seldom expedient, not only because it makes an unfair demand upon officers who are asked to serve without any pay, and is therefore likely to break down in practice and result in more or less shirking of duties and ineffi- ciencv, but still more because the pressure of executive routine and of personal responsibilitv for innumerable details makes it exceedinglv difficult for a park commis- THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 173 .sioiicr \vh(i i^ siil)jected tu such jircssurc to riiuj the leisiux- and the detaclinient which is necessary for reaching wise cunclusions upun the larger questions of park pohc\ , and upon the general trend of results nf the various operations of the department. The peculiar difificulty in defining and keeping clearly in \ie\\ the controlling piu-poses to he served hy the various jiark areas, and the enormously large percentage of waste which is apt to occur in park work (without arousing general notice) through vacillation of purjiose and through failure to keep any one consistent aim clearly in view froiu year to year in expending mone\s for the maintenance and improvement of each piece nf park land, make tlie ah(.)ve considerations more >trongl\ a]!i)lical)le in park work than in most other departments of city government. In no other class of nnmicipal work. I helieve, is it so important that the commissioners in charge should free themselves to the utmost possible de- ijree from the worry and tedium of executive detail, should place upon their suliordinates the burden of settling the innumerable petty questions that arise from week to Aveek, so as to be able to concentrate their own attention upon the larger aspects and tendencies of the wurk. In no other class nf work is it so important that the lioard should act as a really unitied (Ielil)erati\-e body, and not as so many separate individual executives. If this is not done attractive ideas for im])rovements and for changes in maintenance methods, whether originating with individual connnissioners, or with em- ployees, or whether lu-ged upon the commission by out- siders, will be too easily adopted on their face value without sufficiently deliberate consideration of their re- lation to other ideas, and to the probable net results during the next twenty or thirty years or more. Impor- tant questions will be too frequently settled at the eleventh liour, under duress as it were, instead of being anticipated and settled right, because settled after mature delibera- tion. In other words, proposals which in essence in\-nlvc changes of policv. changes in the plan of given park areas, changes in the kind of use to which given areas are de- voted, and for which they may have been gradually ]ier- fected by laborious and costly maintenance work extend- ing over many years, changes in tlie cliariuicr of |iark areas which may involve greatly increased burdens of future maintenance cost — such proposals are too often autiiorized and i)Ut into effect at the instance of in- who may choose to give him orders, but the l;oard as a whole. Thus no one could weaken the ab.solute resiionsibility of the superintendent for getting the best jiossilile results within the limitations fixed upon him by the voles of the boaro on his own resi)oiisil)ility. unless sijecitically directed by a vote of the board, and he could hide behind no one else's skirts if the entire results were not just what lie lh(]ught they ought to be. Theoreticall} at least, the entire executi\e business should be carried on uiuler a single responsible liead, tlin ugh whom all employees wtnild be responsible to the board, and ihrougb whom the\^ would receive their orders. It is oi secondary consequence whether this anmmcr meeting ii. N. .1., officiating as Secretary. Mr. William Kennedy, of ISoston, Mass., President of tlie har- deners' and Plurists' Club of lioston, oallcd tlie niectinii tu (hcIit and addressed tlie convention as follows: Address by William Kennedy, President, Gardeners' and Florists' Club, Boston, Mass. Giiitleuu'ii iif tlie National Association of Gardeners: We v.cl- , when we celebrate the opening of the great laiial. We have a number of things to show^ you out there that \(ill iiitcicst and entertain you, especially along hiuti- cultural lines and agricultural lines, such as our big trees and the great agricultural |iursnits of that State. I will say that Pacihc Coast llorticnltiiial Society will be glad to have you come there next season. WC Ihijir you will all come. We will give you all a good tinii\ and llicic i> no doubt but that we will add at least titty peo[ih' to yoiii ranks. 1 thank yon. geiitleiiieii. (Applause.) MK. W. N. CKAIG. Brookline, Mass.: I tliiuk it is but due Mr. JlacUoric that we take this action, and 1 move that the National .\ssociatioii of Gardeners liohl its 10].") luid-snninicr meeting in San Francisco next yi-ar. Jlotion seconded bv Mr. Ebel. carried and so luileicd. MK. MACKOIilF: \Vv have a line lot of gardens out there and a fine lot ot fellows. PKES1DI<:NT WAITF,: Mr. Arthur Smith, ot Peading, Pa., was to be here this afternoon to read a paper. lie sends a letter expressing his regret at his inability to attend the convention to wdiich he has been looking forward with pleasure. lie encloses a copy of his address, and trusts that the convention will Inne a good attendance and an increased membership. If it is tiie wish of the ineetiug. while we await the arrival of some of the other gentlemen who are to address us, Mr. Ebel will kindly read this ])aper. Is it the wish of the meeting tliat this ]):\pcr be read '/ There being no objection, it was so ordered, and Secretary Ebel read the paper by Mr. Arthur Smith on the subject of "The Pro- fession of tJardeuing." (This paper is ]uiiifed in full elsewdiere in the columns of Tiik ('iiiioivrci.K.) PRESIDENT WAITE: ^'oii have heard this Muy interesting pa|)er by Mr. .Vrtlinr Smith. W'e will be glad to hear any re- marks that any of tlu' memliers may have to ofVtU'. Ml!. TIIOM.AS W. LOG.W, .Icnkei'itown. Pa.: I move that this very able jiaper be received and that a voti' of thanks hr ten- dered Mr. .'■Smith. Mot ion carried anil so ordered. PRESIDENT WAITE: I think that Mr. Id.cl also deserves a vote of thanks for reading the paper. It was rather .serious work. SECRETARY EBEE: We will pass that up. That is the Secre- tarv's dutv. :^'Ir. Theodore Wirtli. rrcsiih-nt of the S. A. F. & ( ). II., now came into the hall and was introduced by President Waite. President W'irth was recci\ed with applause. MK. W. N. CKAIG, Brookline. Mass.: At the present time, ;iml as we are all aware, the nations of Europe, or at least most of them, are waging a tremendous war which cannot but have a disastrous effect njion horticultural interests there. T have a resolution drawn up which I wished to present here this after- noon, but I unfortunately left it at home. It was worded in sub- stance as follows: Resolved. That we. National .Association of Oardeners. eonve.v to the national horticultural bodies of Eurojie mir good wislies. good cheer and our symjiathy in the jucsent distr<>ssful times. I move that a committee of three be appointed to draw up a reso- 178 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. lution along those lines and foiward it to tlie several huiticul- tiual societies on the other side. The motion was seconded with appUuise and diilj' carried. PRESIDENT WAITE: I will appoint as that committee W. N^ Craig, Brooklino, Mass.; Duncan i'inlayson. Brookline. Mass., and Jlartin C. Ebel. Madison, N. J. President Theodore Wirth, of the Society of American Flor- ists, will fa\ or ns with a few words. Address by Theodore Wirth, Minneapolis, Minn., President of the S. A. F. & 0. H. Jlr. President, Fellow Members of the National Association of Gardeners: I want to tell you that I am exceedingly glad indeed to be with you. You are, so to speak, an Eastern association, because yon have very few members, if I am not mistaken, out in the West; but in that you are somewhat in the very same position with the American Society of Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists, although the latter society is of thirty years standing. So I want to tell yon that that you need not feel dis- couraged that you have not very many mcml)ers yet in tlie Far West. You all understand that the Far West is away behind, in a good many respects, the Far East. It is a newer country. In tlie \\ est you have to travel hundreds of miles before you find a private estate which would anywhere near compare with such estates as we find right around licre near Boston, or elsewhere in the New England States. But that simi)ly means that the time is coming when there will be a great opportunity for we gar- deners to help to build up that great Western country; and I want to tell you, uiy friends from the East, that if you get too crowded out liere, do not hesitate to come out West. You may not find places all laid out for you, but you will have the pleasure and the privilege of laying them out. I have not lis- tened to any great part of the paper written by Mr. Siuith, but from some discussion that I have noticed in the trade papers and a few remarks that I have listened to, I believe I know what the gentleman had to say to you ; and I want to say that I believe I know — and I talk from experience — that if the gardener of today is underpaid, and if his labors, his knowledge and his experience are not appreciated, it is to a certain extent at least the fault of the gardener himself. I want to tell you that the Far West ofters a fine oppor- tunity for the gardener to go out there and build up places and make a demand for positions for good gardeners to fill. Now the National Association of Gardeners. I think, should make it a point to help gardeners out all it can; but it should not try to help a man that cannot help himself. A man must be able to help himself. If he can help himself, the Lord will help him, there is no question about it. (Applause.) Some twent}' years ago I was what they called a gi-eenhorn in this country. I am glad that I was a greenhorn, and that I was brought up on the other side, and had to serve a good hard apprenticesiiip. And what is more, F had to work for three years for nothing, and my father had to pay for my board. I have always been glad that I had that hard work to do when I first decided to become a gardener. I came over to this country, and I was directed to go out to Long Island some place — I will not mention the place. I have told this little story once before in Boston. It was one of the finest places in Long Island at that time. I went out to the gentleman on Saturday afternoon, and we walked around the ]dace all afternoon. I was deliglitcd with the work that had to lie done there. When we got all throngli the gentleman was ready to go back to town, and he asked his head man or manager there to show me my room. He took me up above the horse barn to a little bit of a room with a window in it not any bigger than that ventilator over there — no light, no air, no any- thing. I said, "What is this?" The manager said. "That is your room." I said, "You go and tell the gentleman that unless I get a decent room to live in I will go right back to town and stay there;" and the gentleman said to iiis manager, "Give him the best room you have in tlie house and I will pay for it." And that gentleman thought much more of me because of the stand that I took than if I had submitted to that kind of treatment. All you have to do, my brothers, in your business is to stand by your guns. If you demand proper recognition, you will get it. As long as you submit to everything you will not get it. There is nobody to blame but yourself. And now I want to say a few words in regard to the S. A. F. You know that the S. A. F. is a commercial organization. It is the strongest organization that we have today in the States; and I am personally of opinion that we ought to branch out to a great extent in the work that we are doing; but I do not believe that the majority of the members see it that way. When you have a horticultural society that yon can make use of. which has existed for thirty years, has a national charter, and is recog- nized all over the country as a progressive association. I would like to see that association made use of by every brancli of horticulture. I believe tliat afiiliation ought to be brought about, not neces- sarily by a large membership, but by giving every organization that is progressive and has a good active membership representa- tion on the Board of Directors of the S. A. F. Each of the affiliating organizations can through its membership on the Board of Directors express its own views and obtain recognition for whatever oljjects it has in view. So I hope that your Associa- tion will take this matter under careful consideration and send a director to our S. A. F. Board of Directors in due time. I do not want to make use of my present position as President of the S. A. F. & 0. H. to try and unduly influence you here; yet I ask this of you, that you learn what we are trying to accomplish and whether you can see j'our way clear to help us to accomplish what I have in mind, namely, a national associa- tion ultimately which will represent and minister to the needs of every branch of horticulture. If you can help us to bring that about, then I will feel that I have been amply recom- pensed for my appearance and elTorts before you here today. Now, gentlemen, I do not want to take up any more of your time. I thank you very kindly for listeninn- to mc so long. (Applause.) Response by Secretary Martin C. Ebel, Madison, N. J. Mr. President and Fellow Members: I want to say a few words in answer to President Wirth, of the S. A. F., wlio is also a director of the National Association of Gardeners. I would suggest to him that when he goes back to his liome in the West he will not forget that in the National Association of Gardeners we have competent men who are willing to go West if the opportunity ofi"ers. I believe that the estate owners are willing to pay fair prices, but they h.ave not yet been fully edu- cated up to it, and many do not know the diff'erence between a garden laborer and a gardener. In the National Association of Gardeners' Service Bureau we have had three instances recently where estate owners have called for men for $75 or $80 a month. In each case we refused to recommend a man unless they would pay $100. And they replied, "Find tlie man such as you describe and I will be glad to pay such a man $100, but I have never come across such a man." The men that were recommended by the Service Bureau, I am glad to say. are all giving satisfaction, and one has already had his pay increased. The great difficulty is that wdien a position is in the market and gardeners find out about it. their applications pile in and they compete with each other, oft'ering their services for a low price in order to get the position. There was an instance in New York this year where a man had lieen engaged on the recommendation of a landscape architect to take charge of a large estate. The owner offered the applicant $125. He would not accept less than $1.50, and was engaged at that figure. The vacancy about that time became noised about, and within three days there were 6.5 applications, none of them asking higher than $7.5. One man wrote that if he could get "the Job" he would be willing to take it at $40 per month, and show the owner how he could make some money out of his place. Then the owner went to the landscape man and asked. "Don't you tliink I am paying too much; don't you think I can get gardeners at a lower price than you thought I could?" And so the trouble often rests with the gardeners themselves. They compete with one another. I want to say to Mr. Wirth that we are going to San Fran- cisco next year, and that we are spreading out. I move that we tender a rising vote of thanks to Mr. Wirth for his address to us this afternoon. \\ithout waiting to have the fpiestion ]iut to vote, the entire meeting rose and greeted Mr. AA'irth with applause. MR. WIRTH: I want to thank you gentlemen, and I want to say just one more word, and that is this, that I am very glad to hear that you are coming to San Francisco. The S. A. F. voted to go there. The election was carried by one vote. I believe we could have gotten more votes if we had wanted to. If you people want to get acquainted with the florists it is absolutely necessary for you to go there. The S. A. F. calls itself a national association. If we are a national association we will have to try and cover the entire country. In the same way, you call yoi:r- selves a national association, and if .vou are going to call your- selves national, you will have to go all over the country. I am very glad that you as a very young organization have the cour- age to do what an association of thirty years standing seems to have been a little timid about doing. (Applause.) PRESIDENT WAITE: Professor E. A. White, of Cornell, has just entered the room. He will have a few words to say to the boys present here. Remarks by Professor E. A. White. Mr. President and Gentlemen: I did not expect to say anything, having just come in here a moment ago. T wanted to know what was goino- on. I asked of Mr. Ebel what I should say, and lie said. "Just give us a few words of good cheer." I presume that you know that I am located at Cornell, and that we are trying to do .something in the way of promoting horticultural THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 179 interests there, and more especially in my line of lloriculture. We are trying to give our gardeners as well as florists there an all-ronnd education. We lay out our course so that we can include a course in professional floriculture. We also aim to give a good training in garden flowers and general plant work. We need the lielp of not only the New York men, but of all tlie men interested in the gardening profession, so that we can li\iild up as we plan to do there at Cornell the strongest course in floriculture and gardening given anywhere in the country. I said that I had not expected to say anything; but I am very glad to extend the greetings of Xew York State, and especially of Cornell University, to the National Association of Gardeners. MR. JOHN YOUNG. Secretary of the S. A. F. & 0. H., next read an essay by Mr. Arthur E. Thatdier on the subject of "What Should the Society of American Florists Oo for tlie Private Gar- dener ?" Keverting directly to the gardener, Jlr. Thatcher writes: Altliough we are at the moment chiefly concerned with what the S. A. F. can do for the private gardener, we might also for a moment see what the society has done for him. There can be no doubt that tlie exhibitions held by the S. A. F. in various parts of the country during the last few years have been the finest the country has ever seen; and these have been produced by the co- operation of the commercial and private growers. How much finer they could have been had the private gardeners been more enthusiastic can only be imagined. Certain it is that they have been of great educational value, and are yearly growing more so. Cannot the private gardener learn much from them? . . . Our president, though he may be the foremost park superin- tendent in the country, will not be ofl'cndcd if I class him as a private gardener. What shall we say of the rose garden he has constructed at Hartford ? Is it not tlie finest example of its kind in the world? And what of the out-door ganlen he made at ilinne- apolis? Are such things not of the highest educational value, and calculated to be of the greatest a.ssistance to the private gar- dener, if he will only profit by them ? ... It may seem strange to some, but it is nevertheless true, that some of the men who have been most prominent in tlie society's ali'airs are, or have been, private gardeners. I have only to mention such names as Farfpiliar. Roland. Fisher or Totty, who are well able to tell us what advantages have accrued to them by their associa- tion with this society. No one will imagine for a minute that the society has made them what they are today. This has been accomplished entirely by their own efforts: and I believe this is the crux of the whole question regarding the private gardener. For the society to be of use to him lie must endeavor to become an important factor in the society. . . . I cannot help thinking that the question of helping the private gardener very largely depends upi^n the private gardener himself; and to be of any assistance to hini, any small feeling which m.ay exist must be forgotten so that we may all. commercial and pri- vate gardeners alike, pull together for the common good. It seems to me this powerful organization is fully equipped and fully capable of looking after all classes of the profession if we all work harmoniously together. Can we not do this and help forward the good work of this society and the grand old profes- sion of horticulture? I'KKSIDKNT WAITF:: (ieiitleiiieii. we will now throw the meet- ing o|)en to general di-^cussioii. The |i;ipers by -\Ii'. Smith and Mr. Tliatilic)- were now thrown o))en for discussion. MR. .JOHN BURNS. New Canaan, Conn.: In my opinion the future gardener is the one that starts at the stoke-hole and climbs up for eight or nine years in a first-class place under a first-class man. and then takes a course in college. JIK. WIRTH: I think that is a very good point. That brings out something that I am very glad to liave you bring out. because it involves the question of what benefit colleges are to us, how do they help us? I believe that the good they are doing is under- estinnited. Jly personal belief is that if a man could serve an apprentieeshi]! the way one has to serve in the old country, when he arrives at the age of 20 or 21 he will begin to realize that edn- catiini will help him; and if then he goes to college he will get practice and theory properly combined. I have three boys, and they all hate to go to school. They like to be out in the open. I let them go now. but when they get to be 20 or 21 they will realize that they have to have education, and they will be glad to go to school and get the advantage of school training. MR. RURNS: The reason that T jdaced practical experieiiro before the college is that if they go to college first when they get through going to college they do not feel like settling down to ^hoviding coal. They do not feel like going out and taking care of frames; they do not feel like shoveling coav manure, if you please; but let them get the hard work first, and then take a litde course in college. Tluui tliey will have both experience and theory. In fifteen years from now there will be a lot of colle._:e fellows coming out. and thii~e fellows will be stcpiiing intn our shoec. MR. WILLIAM DOWNS, Chestnut Hill, Mass.: I believe that that is quite true and that the speaker's point is well taken; but I do not think that that is the American spirit as I lun e seen it in the last twenty years. We shall not always get our gardeners from across the water, and I think there is no question but college men will enter into the profession. My employer is a college man. and he invariably brings that up. But we have had more than one sad experience with college men. He says that we want a college man ]irovided he is a good man, but if he is not a good man the college man is all the worse for being a college man. Now, you will find it very diflicult to find a man that has gone through the stoke-hole and the rest of it making up his mind to spending two or three years in college. That is not the American spirit. The American spirit is to "get there" without any apprenticeship, and we must give them credit that they do "get there," not only in our profession but among all workmen. They do not make the finished workmen that the old country apprenticeship system does, but they "get there" just the same. And it is that s|iirit that we have to look to. We are living under the Stars and Stripes, and no matter where we were born we have got to "get there." The average young man after he has been in the stoke-hole for 7 or 8 years wants to be superintendent. The average green- house man that we get today from the other side who takes an interest in the green-house stays right there; he will not go across the lawn to see what is going on. I had a job two or three years ago where a very difficult piece of work was being accomplished not more than 200 or 300 feet from my green-house. I said to my men, "Have you seen what they are doing there?" They said they had not. N'ow, that is the kind of men that are going out to fill positions. We have had to put up a lot of build- ings since I have been on the place, and my men knew nothing more about building after the building was done than they did before it started, that is the trouble with the average gardener. He does not lends cuit for himself. He takes no interest in what is going on armind him. If you want to advance you must get knowledge; \du must get information. There are lots of things that I did not know \\]u't\ I went into the work, and there are lots of things that 1 .In nid know today; but a general man on an estate must know a little bit about electricity. He must know when a painting job is done thoroughly. My employer came to me not long ago and said, "Go into my house and do what ycui think is necessary." If he thought that I did not make myself familiar with the general run of work, he would not have trusted me to do that. He would have brought in someone else. JIake yourselves familiar, gentlemen, with what is going on about you; make yonr.^elves worth just a little bit more than your employer is paying you. There are too many crooked men in this business, and too much crooked work going on. When I got my present employment I went to my employer and said, "I want so much a month, and when we make a bargain if I get tired of the job I will come right to you and say so." lie said, "That is fair." WIumi I got to the jioint where I thought I was worth a little more money I said, "I think now your ]ilace is worth a little more to take care of." He said, "How mncdi?" I told him, and he said. "That is all right; I will date that back two months." Give your em])loyer a scpiare deal every time. 1 want to tell you gardeners that that is the point I make, that you should be perfectly straight with your employer. Put con- fidence in your employer and he will do what is right by you. The man who does tlie straight and right thing has nothing to fear. Do not be afraid to ask for wdiat you want. As Presi- dent Wirth said, they will give yini what you want if they get a square deal. Too many men try to see how little they can do. Two or three vears ago 1 was in Florida, and I found that the first idea of the negro is how little he can do and get away with it. Do not be in that class; make yourself worth something. I have never had any thoruble in getting anything that I wanted in reason. If you make yourselves worth it. the average em- ployer will ajqueciate you. (Applause^ PUKSIDKXT W.MTK: This is a very prolifalile discussion, gentlenien. and I hope yon will continue it. MR. N. Y. PAYNK, I'hiladelphia, Pa.: T bidicve that honesty should count above everything else. The next thing is to keep on tlie job. The next thing is to make all the inquiries yon can ]iossibly make and learn all you can. Good college men with practical expeiience are like good seed, in that you cannot keeji them down. JIR. P. W. POPP, ;Mamaroncck, N. Y'.: Gentlemen. I am also a believer in the [rardencr giving his employer a square deal. T believe, as Mr. Downs said, that if you make yourself worth the money the employer will recognize it. Of course, there are isolated cases where it is the r.tlier way: but a man that can make good '.icuerally lias the tqition of going elsewhere. I have liad my eni|iloyer come to me and say, "Your work is vei;v sati.s- fact(u-y." That is a whole lot fle that tits in nicely witli Mr. Sinitli's p;iper that we have hail. Althougli I am not a private gardener or a liorticulturist. but simply a ]dain ordinary Horist wlio has grown from the ground u)] to m\" position, everything [ have got I owe to my own en- deavors, yet I like to feel tliat if duty calls me. or if I can do some good for my fellow-man, I thank God that lie gives me strength to do al'l 1 can to help the other fellow ;ilong. (Aji- plause.) Now, even if Mr, Smith has passed to his Heavenly reward, I am not through working for him. While there might be many wlio can take up the projiosition better than I can do and do what I am trying to do, yet I received in the last two or three weeks letters from California, from Maine, from New York, from the South, anil all over, enclosing cinitiiliutions to erect at the National Capitol a memorial to the late William R. Smith, which shall not only be a magnificent tribute to one of the best pri- vate gardeners, if you please, and horticulturists that I ever knew, but I believe one that did more to elevate the horticulture profession and the gardeners' profession, the tree men's profes- sion, if I might use that term — because he is largely responsible at the National Capitol for the finest treed city on the face of the globe, in which his work lives after him. So my mission today is to do all I ])ossilily e;iii to the end that within a few years there shall be erected at tlie Xational Capitol a memorial to tlie late William I!. Smith. Sujierinteiident of the United States Botanic Garden, that will be a fitting tribute to the man who did so magnificently for his country, Wliile he was a true Scotchman, he was a thorough American, and we want this memorial to not only be a tribute to him but one in wliicli every gardener of the United States and every member of any organi/ation of florists or horticulturists can take pride; a memoiial that when you look upon it you will say, "That w'as a grand man. I am proud of my |irofessinn for recognizing and rewarding such a man." Let us not forget that Mr. Smith always toiik greatest pride in the fact that he was only a gardener, a member of one of the grandest professions on the face of the earth, because, as he used to say, it linked the finite and infinite and tends ciuitinually to uplift mankind and make man purer and better. In thinking over the life of Jlr. Smith it was borne in upon me that he more than any man I have ever known exemplified the lines of his faA'i^rite ))oet. Bdlilu" Burns. t1i:it are so well known to all of \(>n - "The rank is but the guinea's stamp. A man's a man for a' that."' You know the rest of it. Gentlemen- let us get together, and wliether we can give little or much, contribute to the memorial at the Xational Capitol; and it is my lio|ie that in the near future we sliall liave at the Xational Capitol tliere a magnificent memorial of that repre- sentative gardener. William K. Smith -.a memorial that sliall be an education for future generations and a tiiluite to the plain, simple and homely virtues of William R. Smitli. 1 tliank you. (Applause.) Ml!. EBEL; Mr, Chairman, I move that the Xational Associa- tion of Gardeners open a subscriiition list and permit those of its members who may desire to subscribe to the William R. Smith memorial fund to do so. In this way we will aid the Society of .\niericaii Floiists in providing a suitable memorial for ;\Ir. Siiiitli. ■file motion carried unanimously. I'RKSIDEXT WAITE: Is there any further business? Mr. Vernon T. Sherwood, Cluirlestown. N. H.. brought up tlie -ubject of a big white worm .vbout two inches long that was doing some damage in his section, and proposed remedies for this and other worms -were discussed by Jlessi-. Slieiwood, Craig. DnHiis li'Brieii, Popp and others. .\li;. (I'liRIEN: I think that if tlic members of the X:itioiial Gardeners' Association liad a badge or button of some kind to wear it would increase the national spirit. It would indii'atc to other members that he belonged to the organization, ami he would receive recognition t)ie same as the ^lasons or Odd Fellows or soniething like tliat. :\1R. WM. COLLIXS, Boston. >lass.: im, ,it the gentlemen over here .>poke of a Xational button. I'ersinially. I tliinU a little but- ton would not lie a liad idea at all of a suitable ilesign, to be worn by every member of the Association, We are doing all we can to populari/c this society, and the button is one way of doing it. It is a cheap method. For instance, some of us are wearing the S, A. F. button, whii'h indicates that we are members of that Associa- tion; but if you meet a gardener you do not know whether he is a nii'inlicr of the X^ational Association or not. If we had some ideiitii'ving bailge. we would know each other, and when we met a memlier we could talk with him on subjects congenial to both. On motion tlie subject of an Association button was referred to tlie E.xecutive Committee. On motion the meeting now adioiiiiied withniit day. The following were among these in attindance: W. FI. Waite, Yonkers. N. Y.; Martin C. Ebel. .Madison. N. .1.; Thomas W. Logan. .Tenkintown. Pa.; William .\iidersoii. Soutli Lancaster, Mass,; .1. Canning, Ardsley. X. V,; Daniel Madtorie, San Fran- cisco, Cal.: Theodore Wirth, Minneapolis. .Minn.; R. Williamson. Greenwich. Conn.; E. .1. Norman. Lenox. Mass.; Robert .loliiisoii. Smithborougli, Mass.; George Westland. X'ortli Andover, M.iss.; C. B. Turner, Roxbury, Mass.; John S. Flay, Philadelphia. I'a.: Treiineth Finlayson. Boston, Mass,; Cfeorge F. Stewart, Medford, Mass.: Robert Dougherty, West Medway, Mass.; Vernon T. Sher- wood. Charleston. N. H.; Andrew Wilson. Springfield. N. J.; William E. Picthall. Dover, Mass.: William Angus. Buzzard's Bay, Mass.: Andrew Keith, Chestnut Hill. ]\Iass.: .1. Smith. Swani]iseiit. Mass.; P. il. jNIiller. Boston. Mass.; .Tames Marlborough, Tops- Held, Mass.: .Tames Stuart. Mamaroneck. X'. Y. ; Luther Webb. Dedham. ilass.: David \\'eir, Fvosendall, Mass.; W. N. Craiu. Brookline. Mass.; .Jolm Duguid, Wellesley, Mass.; C. H. FTallier, Hopedale, Jlass.; A. J. Newell, Hopedale, Mass.; E. M. Ross, Mor- ristown, N. .1.: George W. Hess. Washington. I). C. ; George Mason, Elberon, X*. .1.: P. \V. Popp, Mamaroneck, N, Y.: William Downs. Chestnut Hill. Mass.; Alexander Michie. Plvmouth. Mass.; .Tames Hamilton, Warwick. R. I,; N, Y. Payne. Philadelphia. Pa.; .Tolin T. Burns. New Canaan. Conn.: .John T. O'Brien. Williamstown, Mass.: Robert Bottomlcy, New Canaan, Conn.: William Platli. San I'^rancisco. Cal.; \^'illiam Collins. Boston. Mass.; Luke O'lieillv, Madison, N, .1.: John F. Huss. Hartford, Conn.; C. N. Tolin, Colo- rado S]irings. Colo.; William F. (Jiide. Washington. D. C: Jolm Young. New York, N. Y.: Prot. E. A. White, Ithaca. N. Y.; Oscar Carlson. Fairfield, Conn.; William De Bree, Rutherford, Conn.; William Cruickshank, Boston, Mass.: William Kennedy, Chestnut Hill, ilass.; William Plumb, New York. ANNUAL CONVENTION, PHILADELPHIA, DECEMBER, 1914. At tlie executive meeting of the hoard of trustees and directors held at llie Copley Square Hotel, Boston, Wednesday niorniuK', August 1ft, it wa,s unaiiiniously voted to hold the next annual convention in the eit,v of Philadelphia during the first week in December, The convention will iie of two days' duration : the busi- ness ineetins to be held on the first da.v, followed by a bamiuet in the e\enina: a bowling contest in the morning and seeing Philadel- jiliin in the afternoon of the second da.v. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 181 MIDSUMMER MEETING IN SAN FRANCISCO. 1916. At the mid-suniiiKr niccliiit; of the association Daniel MacRorie, of San I'rancisaJ, Cal.. presented an invita- tion from the Panania-l'acilic F.xposition Company and from the Pacific Coast Horticultural .Society, of which H. Plath, of San Francisco, who also attended the meet- ing, is president, to have tlie .National .Association of Gardeners meet in San Francisco next year. Mr. Alac- Rorie, among other things, urged that favorable action would result in material increase in membership on the Pacific Coast and that as the association is a national one it should not confine itself to sectional limits in hold- ing its meetnigs. It was voted unanimously that the association hold its mid-summer meeting in .San Fran- cisco in .\ugust. V>\r>. AMONG THE GARDENERS NEW MEMBERS. The following new members have l)een added to the roll during the pa>t month: Carl \. I'ohn, Colorado .Springs, Colo.; James A. W'ilxin. Lake Forest, 111.; William Anderson, Xorth .Vdams, Mass.; Gustave Hamerin, Glen Cove, L. I.; George Willis, Stockbridge, Mass.; James Davidson, Tuxedo Park. X. Y. ; Henry J. \\'atson, Tuxedo Park, X. ^'. ; Robert Cameron, Cam- bridge, Mass.; John (;. Duguid, Xatick. Mass.; M. J. I'ope. Xaugatuck, Conn.; William 11. l\ol)inson, Norfolk. C'inn. ; Jolm L. Smith, Swam]iscott. Mass. ; .Mbert J. Xewell, llopedale. Mass.; William .\ngus, lluzzards' Bay, Mass. ; J. L. Porter, \illa Xova, Pa. ; David Fraser, Pittsburgh, Pa. ; James Marlborougli. Topsfield, Mass. ; Edgar A. Slote, Middletown, X. |. BRITISH GARDENERS' ASSOCIATION. I lie most representati\e meeting the association has ever held took place at the Thatched House Motel, Man- chester, on July 25. Delegates and members were pre- sent from Kew, .\orth London, LeaniinL;ii m, I'.lackburn. Leeds, Sheftield, Altrincham. Central London, liirming- ham, Dublin., .Manchester, .\ccrington. Oxton, Liverpool, Piolton, XorthamiJtnn. P.radford, .Vatitwich Hamilton, and other places. The Chairman, .Mr. ( ieraM W. I'.utcher, had a good reception when he rose to open the conference, and wel- come the delegates. (ireat enthusiasm was evoked b\ llic reading of the following message from conu'ade'- abro;id : Madison. \'c'a' Jersey, July \7th. 1914. To the Members nf the ISritish Ciardeiiers' .Issociatioii. The members of the National .Issociatioii of Garden- ers (of America) i^reet yon at your .hiniia! Conference, and as brother i;ardeners e.vtend to you the n-^ht hand of felloxi'ship in the cause for which ive are all strizing — the elevation of the oldest frofession on earth — that of gardening. As there is strength in unity, all gardeners should unite in an effort to uplift their profession and to gain for it the recognition to which it is justly entitled, ll'lnle the conditions 7ehich goi'cru the gardeners in the I'nited Kingdom and in America are not alike, there are. how- ever, many opportunities for co-operation between the gardeners' national a.';sociations for the general better- ment of gardening; so 7i'c e.vtend to you an invitation to join us in the co-operatii'e movement ■:ehich lee are about to inaugurate in the I'nited .S'tales. ]'oiir eo-oferatioii would make it international. WILLIAM H. WAITIi. /'resident. M. C. EBEL. Secretary. Joiirual of /'. Cj. a. I'eler DulT. of •'liriglithnrst," Orange, X. J., who was on a visit to Scotland ai llie outbreak of the European war, arrived home safely a fortnight ago. Mr. Duff in- tended to retnrn in time for tile summer meeting of the Xational Association, but was delayed by the war and consci|uenll\ could not get back in time. Arthur (iriltin, who was rei)orted in the last issue of The Chkoniclk as having accei)ted an appointment as superintendent of a Xew London, Conn., estate, is in charge of the Landers Estate, of that place. Extensive alterations are conteiuplated, wiiich will include a new range of glass. :i; :!< :;: losc-ph RiibinMin has resigned his position as supi-rin- tendent of the estate of Colgate lloyt, Oyster I'.ay, L. 1., to take effect October 1, when Mr. Robinson will assume the superiiitciidenev of the Coe Estate, of the same pl.ace. John Dodds, of the Wanamaker Estate, Wvncote, I'a.. arrived home from luirope on the 13th. Mr. Dodds was accompanied on his vacation bv his daughter, Isabelle. Their j)leasure was, of course, marred b\- the breaking out of the war. Aihices received from William Kleinheinz, of the Widener Estate, Ogontz, Pa., who was in tiermany when the hostilities broke out, state that he ex])ected to leave foi" riiilidilphia on the .^lli iii'-t. via Rotterdam. (ieorge 11. Pciison has resigned his position as fore- man in charge of the fruit growing department of Duke's Farm, .Somerville, X. J., to take charge of the Johnson Estate, Xew ISrunswick, .X. J., on ( )ctober 1. .Some im- portant impro\ements are to be instituted on this place. .\. \\ . ixini; succeeds Mr. I'eiiNoii in his po'-ition at Duke's harm. * * S: .\lfred ]■". r. Rogers, ha? been ap])ointed superintendent of jud^c W illiam li. Moore's estate, at Pride's Crossing, Mass, .Mr. Rogers was formerly on the estate of tlie late Ex-Governor Drajier at Hopedale, Mass. George \\ yness, who was erroneciusl\- reported in the last issue of Tiii'". Ciii^onmci.k as in charge of the Moore Estate, still holds forth as superintendent of the Henry C. Frick Estate, Pride's Crossing, Mass., which is famous for its lieautifiil lawns and rock gardens. .\ postal recently received from .A. .A. Macdonald, superinlendent of Duke's l-'arm, Somerville. N. J., stated that he ex|iecli-d to s;nl from f.ngland for home on the 14tli iiist. \\'illiam Westland, for the last five years with C. H. Parker, Cotiut, Mass.. and |)revious to that with I'Tancis rUake, of Auburndale, -Mass., will o]i ( )ctober 1 take charge of Mrs. Wadsworth's estate ai i lenesco, N. \ . Mrs. Wadswdrth is a ^islcr to .Mrs. I'arkcr. his former emplo_\ er. The em|ilovees on the estates of !•;. D. I'.randegce and Larz ,\ndei-son, llrookline. Mass., played a game of base- ball on .\ugust 29. The weather was disagreeable and damp, but a good game resulted in a victory for the .Anderson team of 27 to 14. .A football game which was to have followed the baseball game was forfeited by the .Anderson team who refu-ed to ]jlay on damp ground. 182 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PARK SUPERINTENDENTS OFFICIAL COMMUNICATIONS. G. S. AMRHYN, Pres., New Haven, Conn. R. W. COTTERILL, Sec.-Treas., Seattle, Washington. By tlie action of the Executive Committee at a special session held in New York City on August 17 , the matter of the selection of an official organ for the association, which matter had been by action of the convention, re- ferred to the Executive Committee with power to act, was settled by the acceptance of a very attractive proposi- tion made by the representative of the Gardeners Chronicle and by unanimous vote this publication was selected as the organ of the association. By action of the convention, the official organ here- after will be sent only to those members who are in good standing, so those who are in arrears should remit promptly if they expect to receive the official organ. Through the courtesy of the publishers, the Septem- ber number of this publication is without expense to the association, being sent to every name on the member- ship roll whether in good standing or not, also to all persons who attended the convention. However, begin- ning with the October number, the magazine will be sent only to those who are in good standing as certified by the secretary. CJur department in the magazine this month will be given over to a review of the Newburgh and New York convention, but beginning with (October the secretary ho];es with the assistance of correspondence and con- tributions from members, to maintain a section of the magazine which will be of general interest. ROL.VND \V. COTTERILL. Secretary-Treasurer. Seattle, Washington. SIXTEENTH ANNUAL CONVENTION, AMER- ICAN ASSOCIATION OF PARK SUPERIN- TENDENTS, NEWBURGH, N. ¥., AND NEW YORK CITY, AUG. 24-27, 1914. 'J'lie sixtPeiitli annual convention of the American Association of IV.ik M|)criiii nrlcnts opened at Newburgh, N. Y., on ilonday afternoon, Au.i;n>^t 2i. aii.l concluded in New York City on Thurs- day night, Augu.st 27. The executive board met at the headquarters, The Palatine Hotel', on Jlonday afternoon and disj^osed of the business before it. In the evening the general meeting was called in the Young Men's Christian Association Building. President H. S. Richards presided. Jlayor Corwin, of Newbuigh, welcomed the members to his citj-, referring to it as the home of Downing, for it was there that he was born and made his home. At the conclusion of Mayor Corwiu's remarks, that the members may find where Downing lived and worked and found inspiration, an atmosphere so congenial to the worl< of the convention that it iniglit accom- plish mucli of jirofit and benetit and that they may take with them when they leave no memories but pleasant ones, he was heartily applauded. Mr. \"\'illiam Cook Belknap, representing the Newt)urgh Board of Park Commissioners, was the next speaker. He referred to his pleasant meeting with the members of the association at their convention in Boston two years ago and of his seventeen years' association with the Newburgh parks system, which has led to intimate acquaintances with men engaged and interested in park development. President Bichards briefly responded to the addresses of wel- come, saying "it is quite evident that the good citizens of New- burgh will entertain us royally while we are in their midst and will give US an occasion to remember for some time to come the happy hours spent among them. The members of the association will, I am sure, unite with me in expressing our appreciation of the efforts of these good people to make our convention a notable success and in extending our gratitude for the hospitality shown us during our stay here." With the greetings ended the actual business of the convention was then taken up. Secretary Levison submitted his annual reports and reported that the association was in better condition financially than it had been for years. Some discussion arose regarding the expendi- tures incurred in the publication of special bulletins, and it waa voted that the matter be referred to the Executive Committee. The Auditing Committee reported that it had approved the ac- counts of the secretary and treasurer, which were voted to be received and placed on file. ^V. S. Manning, chairman of the Committee to Revise the Con- stitution and By-laws, submitted his report on the revision of Section 11. Article 11. of the Constitution concerning (jualiHca- tion for membership in the several branches and duties of the members. This led to a lively discussion, pro and con. the ques- tion being finally jint to a vote and the recommemlations of the committee to revise the by-laws were adopted. ;)X\'EXTI(iX 'i| AMI KI( AX A.SSOCIATIOX OF P.\RK SUPERIXTENDENTS AT TrXEDO CLUP., TUXEnO P.\RK. X. Y. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 1S3 The seeictary reported tliiit tlie Executive Committee luul reoommemled tlie following ciiiKlidntes for memliersliip: Artliur P. Perley, Soiitli Bend, Ind.; Wuiicn II. ilaiinint;, llarrisliurg, Pa.; K. H. Huntington, Council ISIwll's, Iowa; M. C. Eljel. ilailison, N. J.: John B. Corwin, Newhiirgli. X. Y. ; ilenry II. Eekert, Niagara Falls, X. Y.; James (). Howard, Castile, X. Y. ; E. S, Letts. Denver, Col.; Arthur A. Deisihgald, Chisliolin, Minn.; David Campbell. Svracuse. X. Y.; Xolson Crist, Atlanta, (ia.; Edward A. Phillirick. Detroit, Mich.; Robert L. Parker, Hartford, Conn.: Frank Hamilton. Xew York. X. Y.; George W. Hess. Wash- ington. D. C. Tlie ap]ilii"iiits were (dccted to membership by unaiiiiiious vote. I'lesident KicluuHU named \\ illi;iui J. Zaitniaim, Xew York City: Theodore Wirth. Minneapolis. .Minn.; Emil T. Mlsche, Port- land. Ore., a Committee on Xominations for the selection of can- didates for officers for the ensuing year. Prof. Frank A. Waugli. jirofessor of landscape architecture of tlie -Massachusetts Agricultural College, Amherst, Mass., was ne.\t introduced and presented a brief sketch of the life and works of Andrew Jackson Downing. He (laiil a glowing tribute to the great master of lamlscape gardeiiiiig. Kcfening to the life of Downing, Prof. Waugli said: •'Andrew .lacksoii Downing must be remembered to us first of all :is a nurseryman. It was in this field that his life began. In this Held he learned great lessons which yielded him the most substantial and obvious help in other lines of work. Moreover it was through his nursery work that he reached and profoundly influenced liundreds of men in other parts of the country. It is probably true that Downing's stanth- est personal disciples were the men who formed their attach- ment to him at this point. His andiitectural work was of very considerable consei|uence. While uniloubtedly it reiuesented tliat part of his thought which has ). roved of least wortli to us in our generation. ,vet it was credited in its time with far-reaching influence for good. In any study of his intellect and character it is obligatory to take into the account the wide, serious and fruit- ful stud)' which he gave to this subject. "His literary fame rests upon a most substantial basis, seeing his product Iiad lioth matter and style. He had real lirst hand information to comnniiiicate. Much more than that he liad souml personal opinions a product of careful personal study by a most exf raordiiuiiy mind. This information and these opinions were otlered to tlic world in the best Iitei';iry dress of the times in a style clear, finished and distinguished. "The feature of his service^ to us. aii{l .uir \\lii(li seems to have been widcU oM'ilnnked. wa^ hi- practical c>t:iiilishniciit in .\nicv- ica of the prufi-ssioii of landscape architecture as it is now fash- ionably called, though he always spoke of it under the good old English terms of landscape gardening. Other men hail undoubt- edly practiced this art in Ameiiea before him. but his genius soaVed so far above all else that had ever been dune as to put the whole ])rofession upon a new plane. "Out of this story which we necessarily trace with much dilH- eulty of the personal inlluenee of Downing in the beginniugs of the Virofession there emerges, however, one conspicuous incident. Calvert \ aux has already been ineiitimied as eoming to America in 18.51) to be associateii "with Downing in his professional work. This very able and well-trained young architect doubtless had a consider.able inllueuec upon his acute and impressionable partner; but it is quite certain that the strong qualities of Downing left their imjirint upon Vaux. The professioi'.al work undertaken by them jointly was continued by Vaux after Downing's death. .\nd then, a few" years later another most fortunate juncture occurred when Vaux m his turn became professionally associated with the late Frederick Law Olmsted. With the long and notable career of Olmsted landsca|ie architecture became an established and recognized profession and one in which the highest ideals were so tirnily fixed as to never again be lost or obscured. The triple association of Downing. Vaux and Olmsted forever formed the great opening chapter ni the history of the landscape profession in America." Mr. Oglesbv Paul, landscape gardener at Fairmount Park. 1 liila- delphia.'Pa.." was on the program to deliver a lecture on "The Preservation of Xatural Woodland Under Park Condition-. Owing to illness Mr. I'anI was enable to be iiresent. but ho had scut his paper and views, whicli were projected on a curtain from ■r stcreopticon, to Mr. Herman ilerkle. of the Xew York Zoological (iardens, and who read the paper. Mr. Paul's paper entered ml., the various phases which surround the upkeep of the woodland, saying, "To jireserve natural woodlands under city conditions is a costly^ and ditVicult work, perhaps the mo-t difficult of all park main'tenance. And." speaking of condition- in Philadelphia, "the funds are far too small to handle the situation iiroperly, but in- terest in it is steadily growing to all departments of the city gov- ernment so that now we find the city engineers deflecting strc.ds and sewers to save forest growth on areas likely to b<' iieipiircd for park purposes. No artificial park landscape, even though planned by a forester, has ever approached the noble dignity and infinite loveliness of our Eastern forests, and surely none of these is fairer than onr Wissaliickon. so we feel that they are worth all and more tiiaii they .o-t f.. pic-.Tv,-." siiowKOdMs Of- roi.i.WKi r. i a\v\ Mn\vi-:K roMP.\NY. converted in'to r, at r room t-or .\.Mf':RirAN .\.^poci.\tiox of park .SL'PERINTEMiENTS' CONVEXTION. 184 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 5rr. J. J. Lfvison supplempnted tliis loctiiic' with aiiotlu'r illiis- ti:ited talk in wliicli he described lirielly the iiu'tlnids eniph)yed in otlier cities in caring for pari: lands. Owing to the lateness of the hour, much time ha vino- been taken up in the discussions and the reading of papers, it was decided to postpone the election of officers until AA'ednesday morning when another business session was called on tlie steamer which took the members to Bear Mountain Park. Tlie meeting ailjounicd to convene again on Wednesday morning. Tuesday, Trip to Tuxedo Park and Harriman Estate. Tuesday, August 25, was given over entirely to pleasure by the visiting members. A visit to Mt. Beacon, one of the liighest ])oints in the vicinity of Newburgh and famous from Revolution- ary times was enjoyed by the early risers. The trip was made at 7 a. m., in order to retiu'n in time for the autonmbile trip which was scheduled for 10 a. m. Shortly after that hour some lifty-odd automobiles, provided by the citizens of Newburgh, left the association's headquarters, The Palatine Hotel, for a toiu' of the city, visiting the home of Andrew .J. Downing. Downing Park, Washington's headcpiarters, and many of the historic places for which Newburgh is famed. En route througli the city the visitors were entertained by citizens, who threw open their gardens and homes for inspection. At noon the pilgrimage to Tuxedo Park began thiough L'uxedo valley. There was no prescribed route, eacli chaiiH'eur using his f w 11 judgment, the only requirement being that all should arrive at the club grounds as near 1 o'clock as possible. The day was an ideal one for an outing of this sort. Arriving' at Tuxedo Club the guests were escorted to the dining room, where an excellent hmch was served. Following the luncheon the members and friends assembled in front of the clubhouse for a jihoto of the )>nrty. after which they returned to the automobile^ for an in- spection of Tuxedo Park. The passage around the lake was a series of surpiises to all. Along the lake are located some of the linest private estates in this section of the country. Leaving tlie Park the trip was continued to Mrs. E. H. Harriman's private estate, at Ardeii. This place is locateil on top of one of the G. S. AMRYHN Klectcd Presi SUPERINTKNDENT CONN, rlent .American Associati OF PARKS, NEW HAVEN, of Park Superintendents R. W. COTTF.RII.l., SEC'V PARK COMMISSION, SE.VTTLE, WASH. Eleclc'l Secretary-Treasurer, .American Association of Park Superintendents. mountains and the winding roads leading to it re:|uired some ability on the ]iart of the drivers of the automobiles, espei-ially on the return. Krom the Harriman estate a magniliceiit view of the surrounding country was obtainable. The party arrived back at Newburgh early in the evening. Reception at Coldwell Lawn Mower Building. The visit to Newburgh culminated in the reception given in the spacious factory building of the C'ohlwell Lawn Mower Com- pany on Tuesday evening. It is estimated that some fifteen hundred people attended, this including many of Newburgh's residents. The salesroom was beautifully decorated with bunting and jilants. .\n orchi'-.tia furnished music for the dancing, while those preferring cards found the offices prepared for them with card tables arranged about the spacious floors. During tlie evening those who desired were escorted through the building to inspect the jilant. A military band was located on the park grounds surrounding the factory on the river side, which was beautifully illuminated. .\n open air concert was provided and some of the guests enjoyed dancing on the green sward. While the receptiiui was at its height the Newburgh Yacht Club surprised the visitors by honoring them witli an illuminated naval parade. The (dub's fleet sailed ]iast tlie plant shortly after 0 o'clock, each lioat (daliorately decorated, and in passing whistles were sounded and salutes fireil. concluding with a fireworks display from some of the floats on the river. Messrs. W. H. Coldwidl. II. W. Marshall, II. P. Coldwell and E. C. Ross received the guests as tlie.y arrived at the building and after their arrival left nothing inidone to make them fee! at home. President Richards, in s|ieakiiig to the ]iress of the meeting at Newliurgh. said: "We expected consiilerable from the char- acter of the people we have met at our conventions from your city, but the greatest of our expectations were not up to what you have done for us. You have shown us people with hearts so large that they seemingly fill the entire body; you have shown us buildings of local and national historical legends; we THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 1S5 have traversed aroumls ^nncd tip cvrrv Anu'iiran hc;irl ; wo have visited a park that was a|i|iai('ntl\ di-^ij;m'd liy Xatinc'^ God as a fitting ornament to the rrown of (lie queenly city in which you live. We have lieeii entertained, dined, anuised and made to feel that we were in reality lirotliers and sisters of the 'Xewburgli bunch,' and best of all we have had the largest meeting in the history of our association. Much is due to the enlhiisiasm aroused by your local park board and our associate, the superintendent of Downing I'aik. There has not been a minute of the time that we have not ha( olVering some kindness, or doing something that would lighten oiu' lal)ors or make our visit nior(' pleasant. To your mayor. .Mr. Corwin, to your Park Hoard. .Messrs. Belknap. Smith. I.eonaril and Coldwell, to Mr. TlaibU and to the local press the thanks of the association are justly due. [ appreciate all that has been done, and I voice at tin' same tiirie the ap]ueciation of the American .\ssociation of I'ark 'siiperintcnili'iits." V-'^ednesday, Trip to Bear Mountain Park. (In Wednesday morning the association became the guest of the Hon. George W. I'erkins, president of the Inter-State Park Commissioners. The steamer "'.Mbioir" was boarded at Xewl)ingh at 10 o"clocle and proceeded down the ITndson liivei'. Imiviodiately after leaving .Vewbuigh the business session was called to order and the election of ollccrs took place. T'he nomi- nating committee reported its ticket as follows: Tor ])resident, (Uis(a\e H. Amilivn. New Haven, (oim.: (i. A\'. Btnke. Pitts- bingh. Pa.: for si'cretary and treasurer, .1. J. Levison. lirooklyn, X. v.; K. W. fotterill, Seattle. Wash.: for vice-piesi(huits. .John W. McLaren, San Francisco, f'al.: lleiinan Merkel. X<'\v York, N. Y.: Carl M. Fohn. Colorado Springs, Colo.; Charles Haible, Xowbnrgh, N. Y. : Charles V-. CarinMiter, Milwaukee, Wis.; F. L. :\Inlford. Washington. D. C; ,T. II. Prosi, Chicago, 111.; M, A. .Moore. Toledo, Ohio: E. P. Griflith. St. Louis. Mo.; .bdui Hender- son. Montreal, Canada; E. R. Mack, Wilmington. Pil. The following ofllcers were elected: Giist:ivc II. .\niihyn, president; H. W. Cotterill. secretary and treasurer: Herman ^lerkel. John W. McLaren, -lohn Henderson, Carl JI. Folin. and ,T. 11. Prost, vice-presidents. Invitations for the next meeting plaii were called for, and Secretary hevison reported that he liad several invitations from Chambers of Commerce and Boards of Trade from various cities. Daniel MacKoric. of San Francisco, Cal., presented an invitation from the President of the Panama -Pacific Exposition Company and from John McLaren, Superintendent of Parks, San Francisco, inviting the association to convene in San Francisco next year. After several members spoke in favor of going to the Pacific Coast next year, it was nnanimonsly voted to hold the ne.xt convention of the American Association of Park Superintendents in San Francisco in 101.5. A hearty vote of thanks was tendered J. J. Levison for his untiring services rendered to the association while serving as its secretary during the past two years. foUouing wliicli the meet- ing was adjourned. The first stop was at West Point, where the Jiarty had an hour to visit the various points of inttirest at the famous tT. S. Milit;iry .Ac.idemy. From there the steamer prorecdcd dirctly to Bear .Mountain I'nk. « Inti' the party was rei'civcil by .Mr. I'erkins ;ind eiileitained :it Innili by him. Following the luiicli Mr. Perkins brielly outlini'd tin' W(Mk of the commission of which In; is chairman. The Inter-State Park comprises land in the State of X'ew York and Xew .Jersey, ten thousand acres of which biing the gift of .Mrs. !•:. II. Harriman, who has also gen- erously contributed .$l,i. (icrtnidc .\I. J]ul)haicnting medal to .Mr. Walsh). I'RKSIIJEXT I'lEUSOX: Mav 1 be tlie lir^t to congratulate you, Mr. WaNhV Response by M. H. Walsh, Woods Hole, Mass. Mr. President and Jlr. Hill. I can assure you it gives me great pleasure today to receive this beautiful tiiken of what I have MCI oiiiplished. 1 consider it an honor. Of course, I have accom- plished nothing but what other people could have dime and prob- ably done it better; but it has lieen an eiU'oiiragenient and an inducement to strive to do better and to take up other species, as Mr. Hill has suggested, to see if we could not improve the roses that we shall grow in this country to be true American roses such as will withstand our winters and summers. I shall con- tinue in the future as I have in the past, if I am spared, to strive to imjjrove tlie rose in American gardens. Mr. Hill and ;;entle- men, I tliank you for your kindness. (Applause.) PRESIDENT PIER.SON: Cientlemen. I want to read to you a letter that carries with it a tone of sadness and will be received by you with regret, and the Hubbard Medal lias had a good deal to do with it. There were two roses, and there was a°dif- ference of opinion. The other rose was the "Radiance," a hybrid tea. In making their decision the committee went back to the introduction of tlie (?iimson Rambler and what the Ci-imon Ram- bler has done for America, and the brilliant red flower masses that carried them beyond the hybrid tea for a man's garden. AVhen your committee and your society went to Elizabeth Park this summer the lieauty of that same rose "Radiance" as it stood in the garden was practically beyond description. I bidieve can- didly that the "Radiance" is one of the most beautiful hybrid tea bedding roses; and the society then and there voted to Mr. .John Cook, one of the finest old men of the business, a silver medal in recognition of his having raised the "Radiance." We asked Mr. Cook to be here. He wrote us this letter, which shows tliat the old gentleman would have been here if he could, viz.: "I would dearly love to be there, but I am eighty-seven years of age and subject to neuritis, and it is im|iossible for me to risk "a journey, as every little bit of cold afl'iuds me. I attended the conventions from the lieginning up to six years ago; but I have got to ask you to be kind eiiongli to send it to me." 'J'hat is his message, and we have sent tlie medal to ^Ir. Cook, 'i'hose are his regrets to us. Urchins — T!in'-e fine I'lans, iiii.stcr, but wfieic's the pfaygiounds? — American City. Work for the Month of October By Henry Gibson. The Fluwek Garde.x. As the notes are penned, the flower yarden ib in the height of its glory. The geraniums \\ere never brighter, the begonias have become miniature forests, and the sahnas are hues and circles of fire amid the sombre colors of approaching autumn. Tonight, Jack l-'rost mav throw the first line of his advance guard' across the land, and tomorrow there will be left only black ruin. W'hen this occurs no time should be lost in cleaning off the old plants and bulbs planted for making a display next Spring. Xo manure is needed when preparing the beds for the bulbs, in fact it is detrimental to their future welfare. In heav\ soils a layer of sand placed beneath the bulbs would l.)e beneficial. If the soil is very dry when planting is done a good w^atering will greatly assist, the bulbs making roots and l:ecoming established. The Peke.\.\i.\l Bokdeu. The work of rearranging and dividing the occupants of the hardy border should be preceded with apace, so that the plants may re-establish themselves before severe weather arrives. When dividing the old plants it is a good plan to force them apart by placing two digging- forks back to back and forming a sort of lever. Less damage is liable to be done to the roots by this method than when they are severed with a spade. While on this subject it might be well to mention a late flowering peren- nial that is not seen as much as it merits. This is Salina Azuna Cirandiflora, a [ilant growing five or six feet tall and certainly of a pleasing shade of blue. When massed and properly staked up, as the writer saw it last fall, it certainly is worthy of a place in any collection. Dahlias and Cannas should be lifted as soon as frost has blackened the foliage. The former keeps well when wrapped in old newspapers and placed in barrels and stored in a cool cellar. Canna roots should be lifted with a nice ball of soil adhering and stored on shelves in a frostproof shed or cellar. Under the bench of a carnation house is a good place if one is available where there are no heating pipes and free from drip. Lawns. There is a marked difl?erence in the growth of the lawn at this writing, compared to what it has been all through the summer. Movi'ing need not be so fretpient now, and ere the month is out should be discontinued. The weather, however, will be a deciding factor in this, should a warm spell occur the grass may take on a secondary growth, which if neglected will have to be paid for with interest next spring. Grass that has been allowed to stand over winter takes on a wire-like texture and is very difficult to cut. JMoreover, it leaves a yellow unhealthy appear- ance behind it. Edges of bed and walks should be neatly- trimmed before operations cease for the season. The present is a good tinie to relay turf. If the work is pushed ahead the edges of the sods will have a chance to knit together before the w-inter overtakes us. The \"Er.ET.\BLE Gakdex. Now that severe frost is inevitable it would be well to draw the soil well up round the stems of late cabbage and cauliflciwers. This will help to keep them quite late. Cauliflowers should have the leaves drawn over the heads, to ])rotect then-i from frost and rains. Celery. Just how to keep celery through the winter in the best possible condition is a probleni that nearl)- all gardeners have to contend with. One of the best methods that we have seen is to dig a trench about two feet deep, four feet wide and long enough to accommoilate the quantity of celery to be lifted and stored. (Jver this trench is erected a span roof, of boards, with air vents here and there. The root covered with straw and then a foot or more of earth placed on top. Celer\- lifted and stored in a st'-ucture like this is kept well all winter. LiETi.vG -\xi) Stoki.ni; Rikit Ckoi'.s. Carrots, beets and parsnips, should be lifteil during favorable weather and stored away for the winter. Do nut let them lay round on the garden to the drving in- fluence of sun and winds for any length of time. The (|uality is nut imprii\-c-il by such treatment. Th]-: (Ikeexhoi'ses. .\ close watch shduld be kept on the night temperature 'if the rose house. Though the nights are considerably cnoler now, the sun during the day is still strong and the thern-ion-ieter is bound to run up. Have the night temperature just a few degrees above what it shoifld be in mid-winter. Too great a dift'erence between night and day temperatures is not conducive to the welfare of the roses. Turn on the heat to ofifset the difference that the cooler nights make and gradually work the iiight tempera- ture down to a nornial one. .\ weaken.ed condition of carnation ])lants caused 1:)\- too high a tem])erature is hard to overcome with the short dark days of winter drawing near. In s]iring it wouldn't matter so n-iuch, but at this time of the year keep them as cool as possible, a little too low is better than too high. As long as the mercury plays round the 50 mark at night one isn't far wrong. Cleaning off yellow- leaves should be attended to as should disbudding and remov- ing the small side shoots. Watering should be done care- fullv and onlv when reallv needed. Syringing should be done as earlv in the morning as possible to allow the plants to get dry before night. Feeding of chrysanthemums should be discontinued as soon as the buds show color. Xo good purpose is served 1)\- giving stimulants when this occurs. In fact we believe that when carried on too long feeding has a tendency to cause dan-iping of the bloon-is at an early stage. Watering should be no slip shod operation in the Mum house at this time of the year. Let it be done as early as possible and ipuh as recpiired for as the plants finish less water is taken u]). -Ml su]:)erfluous water should be dried up before nightfall. .\ heavy humid atmosphere is not what is wanted as the moisture will condense on the petals of the ex| landing flowers and cause them to damp oft'. In the event of a spell of dull, wet, heavy weather, a little heat in the hot water pipes with a crack air on all night will help to carr\- awav surjilus n-ioisture. On the other hand a light covering of whitewash on the glass will pre- vent scorching in case the sun -hould be unusually strong during the day. Cinerasias are now in vigorous growth and should have everv attention from this on. A low temperature and fullest light at this season is what cinerasias delight in. Particular attention should be given to ventilation on warm dull days to prevent soft flabby growth. C,ive them a shift into larger pots before the\' becoiue pot bound. Regular fumigation is necessary to keep down queen fly. Cvclamen. which have been grown in cold frames all summer, should now be brought indoor.-.. A light, airy l)ositiot-i near the glass, with a temperature around 56 de- .;rees at night's, suit cyclan-ien adn-iirably. .Alternate ap- plications at root and weak liquid maiuire water is very beneficial, especially if the pots are full of roots. 190 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. QUERIES and ANSWERS IVe believe the greatest good can be accomf'iished for the grfotesi number, by instituting a query column; or an exchange of txpe- riences, on practical propositions, by our readers. You are invited to contribute questions, and ansvter others. Each question as received will be given a number, the question- er's name will not be published, but the source of the ansvfer will be given unless otherwise requested. We all have something we would like to know more about. Here is your opportunity to ascertain somebody's experience :n just that nulller. Nothing will tend to better fellowship than helping each other. lake advantage of this "Question Box." Has any reader of the Chronicle ever grown the Princess of Wales Violet or any other single flowering kind in a cold frame successfully? If so, would they please give their methods? — S L., Penn. There is a wet place in one of our roads, which we cannot seem to repair. Can you suggest the cause and remedy? — H. C, Conn. Undduhtedly there is a spriiiL; Imlc or soniethini,' of the .sort which is causing tlie trouble. The only and l)est way to remed\' such a condition is to dit; u]) the road where you notice the moisture; dig down until you are sure that xou are at the seat of the trouble; then la ya tile drain to your catch basin line. If yoti do not have catch basins, run tiie tile otit to where it will gixe _\i)U no trouble. In hlliuL;' up the hole use plenty of rock and sand; tiie sand must be clean and free of all organic matter, for if it is not it will cause the road to settle. — \\'. W. ."^niith. How is run-of-the-crusher, for road building? — H. C, Conn. Run of tlie crusher is \ cry good if it does not contain too much fine powder. es[)ecially for a middle or top layer of macadam roads. Vou have a ver_y good bind- ing material here, and it often is cjuite a saving, as it is mucli chea])er than No 1 or 2 stones, and answers the purpose just s well. — W. \V. Smith. ORCHIDS s in Orchids, \vc criilri't vely. If yon nro in tl .s and nrl. rs, Cntnl'i Lager & Harrell, Orchid Growers and ImpDrters, SUMMIT, N.J. Wo art' SpoL-iiilists in Orchids, \vc criilri-t. f,'ro\v, iniiuut. cxpin-t nml soil orohins exdn^tvely. If yon nro in tho innrk^t fm Orchids \v<- jjolint j'onr i ruin in. s and nr It rs, (':it!tliiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii;iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiliiiiii{iiuiiiiiin ' B. HAMMOND TRACY | I Gladiolus Specialist | I U/EINHATVV, /y\f\SSf\CHUSETTS | ^iiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiu^ |i>. ^HIII|l|lll|l|llllll|l||||i|lli|||iiil|l||l||ll!|l!i|||||N||]||]|||||||;|||j||i|||||{|||||||l|l|:||j|i|]N||||||||||||||||||ll|l||l||{||j||||||i|||||||lii||tl||il|l||]|||||||||||||H||||K I ORNAMENTAL IRON WORK f I For Lawns and Gardens. j I Chas. C. Force & Son, j I LET US ESTIM.ATE ON YOUR WANTS. | I Madison Iron Works, Madison, N. J. j ^iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiim iiiiiiiiin IK I iiiiiiinHiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiittiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiimmiiimiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiillliM^^ -.iiiiiii;iNiiii:iiifiiii{iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitii!i? Tree Owners and Tree Lovers Will find mucli to interest and instruct in the NEW ILLUSTRATED MAGAZINE U TREE TALK Devoted to Arhoritultnre and Forestry. 99 All about the planting, care and treatment of trees and shrubs- Accurate informat.on about pruning, spraying- and tree surgery. Send Fifty cents for a full year's subscription to "Tree Talk." Sample copies free on receipt of 2 cent stamp to ccver postage. Published quarterly by THE FROST &B\ RTLETT COMPANY 26 Cortlandl St. (Suite 212) NEW YORK The Guide To Nature EDWARD F. BIGELOW, Managing Editor A Profusely Illustrated Monthly Maga- zine Devoted to Commonplace Nature with Uncommon Interest. Subscription, $1.00 per Year Single or Sample Copy, 10c. (J^iiadian Po8ta)j;e, 24c ; Foreign Postage, 36c. Published by The Agassiz Association, ArcAdiA SOUND BEACH, CONN. Make all Checke and Money Orders payable to The Agaaaiz Aiiooiation. 190 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. NATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS National Association of Gardeners. M. C. Ebel, secretary, Madison, N. J. Society of American Florists and Orna- mental Horticulturists. John Young, secretary, 54 West 28th street, New York. American Carnation Society. A. F. J. Bauer, secretary, Indianapolis, Ind. American Gladiolus Society. L. Merton Gage, secretary, Wellesley, Mass. American Peony Society. A B. Saunders, secretary, Clinton, N. Y. American Rose Society. B. Hammond, secretary, Fishkill, N. Y. American Sweet Pea Society. H. A. Bunyard, secretary, 342 West 14th street, New York. Chrysanthemum Society of America. Charles W. Johnson, secretary, Morgan Park, 111. LOCAL SOCIETIES Bernardsville Horticultural Society. W. G. Carter, secretary, Bernardsville, N. J. Meets first Thursday every month. Hor- ticultural Hall, Bernardsville, N. J. Boston Gardeners' and Florists' Club. William N. Craig, secretary, Brookline, Mass. Meets third Tuesday every month. Horti- cultural Hall, Boston, Mass., 8 p. m. Connecticut Horticultural Society. Alfred Dixon, secretary, Wethersfield, Coiiu. Meets second and fourth Fridays every month. County Building, Hartford, Conn., 8 p. m. Dutchess County Horticultural Society. Herbert G. Cottan, secretary, Wappinger Falls. Meets at Poughkeepsie, N. Y., second Wednesday every month except May and June. Elberon Horticultural Society. George Masson, secretary, Oakhurst, N, J. Meets first Monday every month, Fire Hall, Elberon, N. J., 8 p. m. Florists' and Gardeners' Club of Holyoke and Northampton, Mass. James Whiting, secretary, Amherst, Mass. Meets second Tuesday every month. The Garden Club of Michigan. Mrs. Edward H. Parker, secretary, 139 Sey- burn avenue, Detroit, Mich. The corresponding secretary will notify members of date and place of meetings. Gardeners' and Florists' Club of Baltimore. N. F. Flittin, secretary, Paterson Park, Baltimore, Md, Meets second and fourth Monday every month. Florist Exchange Hall. The Horticultural Society of New York. Geo. V. Nash, secretary, Bronx Park, New York City. Meets monthly, irregular, May to Octo- ber, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, New York. November to April, American Museum of Natural History, 77th street and Columbus aven\ie. New York. Lake Geneva Gardeners' and Foremen's Association. W. H. Griffits, secretary, Lake Geneva, Wis. Meets first and third Saturday every month, October to April; first Saturday every month, May to September, Horticul- tural Hall. Lenox Horticultural Society. G. H. Instone, secretary, Lenox, Mass. Meets first Saturday every month. Los Angeles County Horticultural Society. Henry W. Kruokeberg, secretary. Meets first Tuesday every month. Massachusetts Horticultural Society. William P. Rich, secretary, 300 Massachu- setts avenue, Boston, Mass. Monmouth County Horticultural Society. Harry Kettle, secretary, Fairhaven, N. J. Meets fourth Friday every month, Mon- mouth Boat Club, Red Bank, N. J. Montreal Gardeners' and Florists' Club. W. H. Horobin, secretary, 283 Marquette street. Meets first Monday every month, Mon- treal Florists Exchange. Morris County Florists' and Gardeners' Society. Edward J. Reagan, secretary, Morristown, N. J. Meets at Madison, N. J., second Wednes- day every month, except July and August, 8 p. m. Nassau County Horticultural Society. Ernest Westlake, secretary, Glen Cove, N. Y. Meets second Wednesday every month, Pembroke Hall, Glen Cove. N. Y., 6 p. m. New Bedford Horiicultural Society. Jeremiah M. Taber, secretary. Meets first Monday every month. New Jersey Floricultural Society. Geo. W. Strange, secretary, 216 Main street Orange, N. J. Meets first Monday every month, Jr. 0. W. A. M. Hall, Orange, N. J., 8 p. m. New London Horticultural Society. John Humphrey, secretarj'. New London. Conn. Meets second Thursday every month. 38 Main street, New London. Conn Newport Horticultural Society. Wm. Gray, secretary. Newport. 1\. I. Meets second and fourth Tuesday every month. New York Florist Club. John Young, secretary. 54 W. 28th street, New York, iieets second Monday every month. Grand Opera House. North Shore Horticultural Society. Jas. Slater, secretary, Manchester, Mass. Meets first and third Fridays every month. North Shore Horticultural Society. E. Bollinger, secretary. Lake Forest, 111. Meets first Friday every month. City Hall. North Westchester County Horticultural and Agricultural Society. M. J. O'Brien, secretary, Mt. Kisco. N. Y. Meets third Thursday every month, ex- cept June, July and August, at 8 p. m.; December, January and February. 3 p. m.. Odd Fellows Hall,"Mt. Kisco. Oyster Bay Horticultural Society. Fred Kirkham. secretary. Glen Head, N. Y. Meets fourth Friday every month, Board of Trade, Oyster Bay^ N. Y.", 8 p. m. Pacific Coast Horticultural Society. W. A. Hofinghoff, secretary, 711 Westbank Bldg. Meets first Saturday every month. Red- men's Bldg. Pasadena Horticultural Society. Geo. B. Kennedy, secretary, 497 Bradford street, Pasadena, Cat. Meets first and fourth Friday every month. Paterson Floricultural Society. Sebastian Hubschmitt, secretary, 61 Seventh avenue, Paterson, N. J. Meets first Tuesday every month, Ro- maine Building, 8 p. m. Pennsylvania Horticultural Society. David Rust, secretary, Broad and Locust streets, Philadelphia, Pa. Meets third Tuesday every month. Horti- cultural Hall, 8 p. m. People's Park Cottage Gardeners' Associa- tion. John Ainscough, secretary, 4 Chestnut street, Paterson, N. J. Meets first and last Friday every month, Working Man's Institute, Madison avenue, Paterson, N. J. Philadelphia Florists' Club. David Rust, secretary, Broad and Locust streets, Philadelphia, Pa. Meets first Tuesday every month. Horti- cultural Hall, Philadelphia, Pa., 8 p. m. The Pittsburgh Florists' and Gardeners' Club. H. P. Joslin, secretary, Ben Avon, Pa. Meets first Thursday every month, Fort Pitt Hotel, Pittsburgh, Pa. Rhode Island Horticultural Society. .\. C. Miller, secretary, 7 Irving avenue, Providence, R. I. Meets fourth Monday every month. Provi- dence Public Library, 8 p. m. Shelter Island Horticultural and Agricul- tural Society. Fred Kirkham, secretary. Shelter Island, N. Y. Meets first and third Thursdays every month. Southampton Horticultural Society. William McLeod, secretary. Meets first Thursday every month, Me- morial Hall, Southampton, N. Y. Tarrytown Horticultural Society. E. W. Neubrand, secretary, Tarytown, N. Y. Meets last Tuesday every month, except December, Corporation Building, Tarrytown, N. Y., 7:30 p. m. Annual meeting last Thursday in December. Tuxedo Horticultural Society. Thomas Wilson, secretary. Tuxedo Park, N. Y. Meets first Wednesday every month, Par- ish House, Tuxedo Park. Washington, D. C, Florist Club. J. L. Mayberrv, secretary, Washington. D. C. Meets first Monday every month. Westchester and Fairfield Horticultural Society. J. B. McArdle, secretary, Greenwich, Conn. Meets second Friday every month, Dor- an's Hall, Greenwich, Conn., 8 p. m. Yonkers Horticultural Society. Thos. Mahoney, secretary, Yonkers, N. Y. Meets first Friday every month, Holly- wood Inn, Yonkers, N. Y., 8 p. m. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 191 GARDENERS DIARY American Institute, New VmU. Dalilia sliow, Septfiuber 22-24. I lirysaiitliciiiiirii allow, Novc'iiilier 4-6. Elberon Horticultural Society. C lay- santliemiini show, Asbuiy J'arU, \. .]., No- vember 3, 4, 5. Horticultural Society of New York. An- nual fall show, American Museum of Natu- ral History. Lancaster County Florists' Club, liancas- tcr, I'a. Fall show, November 5-7. Lenox Horticultural Society, Leiio.v, Mass. I''all Show, (letober 22 ami 23. Massachusetts Horticultural Society, Ibir- ticultural Hall, Boston, Mass. Fruit and vi';;ctable show, October 3-4. Chrysanthe- iiiMiii >liow. November 5-8. Monmouth County Horticultural Society. Fall Slioxv, Keil Bank, N. .}.. OetobiT 2S and ?n. Morris County Gardeners' and Florists' Club. Kail show, Madison, N. .1.. Oitobei 2S, 20. Nassau County Horticultural Society, (Men (tovc. N. Y. Dahlia sliow. Ortober (i. ('hrvsaiithemuiii show, October 29. 30. New Jersey Floricultural Society, Orange, N. .1. Daldin an, I fruit show, October 5. North Westchester Horticultural and Agricultural Society. Annual show, Mt. Kiseo, X. Y., October 30-November 1. Oyster Bay Horticultural Society, Oyster Itay, N. Y. A\itiimu show, September 30- Oi'tober 1. Chry.santhemum show, October 30. Among the many things included in the [premium list, gladoli were most extensively exhibited, B. Hammond Tracy making a grand exhibit, which was judged the best feature of the show and wiiuiing a silver laip from the Garden Club, also a silver medal from the Horticultural Society. A silver cup for the second best exhibit was awarded to J. Lewis C'hilds for an un- u-iually attractive display of ghulioli. The'stmnpp & Walter Company cup, foi a eollection of vegetables, was won by J'. B. Urquhart, gardener for K. L. Beeckman. .\nother cup, offered by R. & J. Farcpihar & ( o.. for best display of hardy perennials, went to the Palisades Nurseries. The best eomjieted class was one for six vases of outdoor flowers tastefully arranged, there being nine competitors making an excellent showing. James Bond, gardener for Mrs. H. M. Brooks, was the first in this class, and Daniel Hay, gardener for Mrs. French Vanderbilt, was second. In other important classes the following were the most successful exhibitors: .lames Boyd, gardener for Vincent Astor, specimen greenhouse plants; William JIc- (;illiver.y, gardener for Stewart Duncan, hy- drangeas; Edward Jenkins, Lenox. Mass., compannla pyramidalis; Paul DeNave, Fall River, Mass.. orchids; Fred E. Lewis, Ridge- lield. Conn., grapes, peaches and nectarines; Arthur GriSin. Marion, Mass,, gladioli; David Roy, Marion, Mass.. fuchias; R. & .1. Farquhar & Co., Chinese and Japanese lilies; Mrs. Jahn, New Bedford, Mass.. liahlias; George L. Stillman. Westerly. R. 1., dahlias; H. A. Dreer, water lilies; Wil- son's Nurseries, coniferse ; F. I!. Pierson, evergreens; J. Robertson, palms and dah- lias; Gibson Bros., yellow flowers; Sisson & Thurston, dahlias; J. B. Urquhart. ferns, gardenias and roses; .Tames Watt, tuberous begonias and glorianas; Oscar Scluilt/,, bay trees; Daniel Ha,y. geraniums and gladioli; James Bond, groups of greenhouse plants; Hugh Williamson, miniature garden foi which he received a silver medal. The judges of the show were Jolm T. Allen. A. S\ Meikle and Bruce Butterton. of Newport; Robert Johnston. Southboro. Mass.; Maurice Fuld, New York, and Mr. Cniikshank. Boston. On the evening of the second ilay of the Tarrytown Horticultural Society. An- nual l''all Show. Tarrvtown, N. Y. sliow Mrs. C. H. Hoft'man, who is the leader of the Garden Club, provided a dinner at the Hidlevue Hotel for the workers at the show, visitors and oflicers of the society. After an excellent dinner had been fully en- joyed, {'resident MacKay called on the fol- lowing gentlemen for remarks: Col. A. K. .McMahon, A. Herrington. John Hay, Alex- :inder .MacLellan, Maurice Fuld, John B. Sullivan and B. Hammond Tracy. All speakers had praise for the show and its nianagenient, and predicted a still more suc- cessful one of its kind for next yeiir. — Horticulture. TUXEDO PARK (N. Y.) SHOOTING MATCH. The outcouie of a challenge from the as- sistant gardeners in Tuxedo Park, N. Y., to shoot a team of head gardeners was settled on August 20 at Kincraig when teams of six a side met to shoot for the honors. The weatlier being in its best behavior a very pleasant afternoon was spent. After the shooting (he party became the guests of I). S. iMillar, when an enjoyable two hours was spent. When all was said and done the assist- ants took their beating in good part, and cliallenged the gardeners to a bowling match, wdiieh is to be settled at some fu- ture date. The score of the shooting was as foUow's. over a range of .'JO feet, with the possible score 750: Head Gardeners. Charles Costecki .... (i-'i-') Sinioii Hilmers • ."i!!'.) David S. Millar . .->(14 Charles Davidson . . !)'u} Thomas Wilson 307 Charles Sheppard . . .143 Total . . .2.S23 .\ssist: lit ( i:\r Icii ■rs. Harry Watson , •lohn Kell.y .lames Davidson Alexander Roy llenrv Gibson . . . Thomas Eastham .'.."i 1 . .-,i:i . 44.'') . . 437 . . 43.-. . . . 3S(i Total ....2.770 Tlie head ganleners won by 47 |ioiiits Tuxedo Horticultural Society. Fall show, Tu\cdn Park. N. Y., October 30-NovemI>er 1. Westchester and Fairfield Horticultural Society. Fall show. New Rochclle. N. Y. November 4, 5, 6. NEWPORT FLOWER SHOW. The flower show of the Newport Garden (■lub and Newport Horticultural Society, wdiieli was held August 13, 14 and 15 at "Beleonrt." was a decided social success, and goes on record as being the best con- ducted affair of its kind ever held in New- port. "Beleonrt" is the residence of Mrs. 0. H. P. Belmont, and its spacious carriage house, court yards and the lawn with its shady nooks, proved to be an ideal ]daee for the allair. The Garden CHub. wdiich is composed of the summer colony. Iinanccd the layout of (he grounds and employed experts for (he various branches of the work, with .'Vrihiir Herrington. of Madison. N. J., as manager, aided by a committee from the Horticultural Society. CONTESTANTS IN THE TUXEDO PARK, iN. V., SHOOTING MATCH BETWEEN HEAD AND ASSISTANT GARDENERS. 102 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. NASSAU COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Tlie rcsuhir uiontlily meeting of the Xas- snii Cotinty Hditienltulai Society was lield iit reiiiliicike Hall, (ilen t'ove. September 9, I'lesideiit Ileniy (Jaiit in tlie chair. Mr. .\iiKMs McCiregOf was elected to active Inem- hi rshi|i. .Iiiilaes lor the monthly e.xhibits were .Ml ssrs. J. W. Everitt. .Tas. Dilthie and An- gus McCJvegor. Awards as follows: 1 musk melon. 1st. (Jeo. Aslnvorth ; 12 spikes mixed gladiolus. 1st, Alfred Walker; 12 mixed asters. Isi. Harry .Jones. Harry .Tones also received a cultural certirtcate for a vase of gladiolus. .Vmcrii-a. 'I'lic seheilnle for I he Clirysantheimim Sliow (in the 2Slth and .".mh of October was read and adopted as rea :.'!(! p. m, I'resident Henry (iaut made a trip to the New York State Fair at Syracuse, and was a very successful exlubitor there. lOxliibils for next meeting. October 1-t I fruit I. •". buuches outdoor grapes, 'A distinct varieties: l'_' apides in two varieties: (5 pears. 1 variety. HARRY .TONES. Corresiioiiding Secretary. CONNECTICUT HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. The society held its tir^t nieetiuj; suceced- llif; the usual two months' vacation at the Couiity Muildiiig. Hartford, Auptlst 2S. As Mr. liuss was out of town attendiu;; the I'mk Su]ierintenileuts' Couyeiition. Mr. Ilniit acted as chairman. Tlie matter of ap- poiutingr ;i committee of three to work in ciuijiniction with the gardeners' co-operative movement was )iostpoued until the next meetiuu;. An article appearing in the .lune mnnber of the r. led liy specialists in this line. All, both amateur and professional, are in- vited to contiibute exhibits and to take part in the discussion. Let us make this a notable gatlieriug of dahlia enthusiasts. Certainly the dahlia is a very po]iuIar llower and has hosts of admirers who can do pis- tice to the ]u'esentatiou of their favorite. GKOPvtiE V. NASH. Secretary. OYSTER BAY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. The regular meeting of the Oyster Bay lliutii-ultiival Society was held in the Fii-i'- man's Hall August 2ti. with President .John T. Ingram in tlie chair. The special committee reported progress on the matter of destroying the caterpillar, and Mr, Nisley, of Fariniugdale, gave a very interesting talk on caterpillars and their de- struction. Among tlic other speakers were -Toseph Kobiiison, .lames Duthie, .\lfred La lloiluey and .\rthur Patten, A very hearty vote of thanks of the society was extended to Mr. Nisley for his very instructive talk. Mr. A. Yancechi was elected to member- ship, and there was one nomination for membership. The judges for the exhibits were as follows: Alfred La Hodney. Duncan Beaton and Frank Tluni|ihreys, ami their decision as follows: For society's prizes: .biiiics Diickliam. 1st (5 gladoli: Frank Petroccia, 1st 6 apples; Frank Petroccia, 1st, 3 celery. Messrs, Garvin, Walker and Yancechi each received honorable mention for exhibits. The exhibits for the September meeting will be 12 English cactus dahlia distinct, 6 onions, best 3 dishes of fruit. 3 of each. F. KTRIxTTAM. Secretary. NORTH SHORE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. The annual exhibition of the North Shore (^Massachusetts! Horticultural Society, post- l>oued earlier ill the numth because of un- favorable weather, opened Thursday, .\ugnst 27. A large tent had been erected on the grounds of Mrs. Robert C. Winthrop, of- fered by her for the purpose, and an inter ested public thronged it during the after- noon as well as in the evening, when a band concert was given. The pretty etTects and general arrangement which charmingly dis- played the products of North Shore gardens ami hothouses, fields and meadows, were mainly due to .Tolin Chapman, the president, and other ofl^cers of the society, and the ad- visory executive committee, -which consisted of Jli-s, W, Scott Fitz, Mrs, George E, Cabot and Miss Mary Bartlett, Considering the backwardness of the sea- soii and the close competition resulting, the L'cncral show was most creditable and beau- tiful. The riot of color and the exrpiisitc and artistic arrangement of all departments created most favorable comment from the representative pi'0|)le ill attendance. The most gratified people present were the gar- deners, who have labored so unceasingly to get results pleasing to their employers, who expend so much money each year on this department of their great estates.— Horti- culture. MONMOUTH COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Tlie seventeenth annual exhibition of the Moiimonth County Horticultural Society will be held at St". .James' Hall. Red Bank, N, .1., on Wednesday and Thursday, October 28 and 2!l, Prizes will be ofiered for ex- hibits of chrysanthemums, foliage plants, roses, cut flowers, carnations, fruits and vegetables. The exhibition committee is coinposed of George H. Hale, Philip Bonner, Wellington W. Kennedy. Harry A, Kettel, Percy A, Hicks, William Dowlen and Harry C(dlis. The judges will be William Turner of .Meudham. formerly of Oceanic; .lames Kennedy of Deal. Adam Patterson of Sauga- tuck, Cimn,; .James Stuart of Maniaroneck. N, Y.; Peter Dufl' of Orange, and Mr. Burns of New Canaan. Qonn. William Metzdorlf is president of the society, Philip Bonner is vice-president. Harry A. Kettel secretary, Percy A, Hicks financial secretary, and George II, Hale treasurer. NEW LONDON HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. "A Busy Life in the Growing of Small Fruits" was the topic of an address by President Fuller, of the New Loudon Horti- cultural Society, September HI. The meeting was well attended. The |iresident told his boyhood expericnci's among strawberries of fifty years ago. Also uijon raspberries, r-mrants and other small fruit, down to the present day varieties and cnltnre, etc. An iuforiual discussion followed the remarks of the sjieaker, F. L. Childs, Flowerfield, L, I., sent a fine box of his "Snow King Gladiidi" for exhi- bition, Renlies, the florist, staged several line vases of indoor roses. Smith, the Mer- cer street florist, had a fine display of asters. Several varieties of the table dah- lias, helianthunis. etc.. were shown by pri- vate growers. It is hoped the society will be able to get the secretary, Mr. Fbel. of the N. A. ('•: from ^Madison, to speak at the October meeting on "The National Co-ojier- ativc Movement." of interest to gardeners especially. STANT.EY .TOP DAN. Harkness Estate. Waterford. Coini. THEANe©iWl\^?r^^ of srowing ShaJe Tre» and Shrnbi produces s|,ecinu:ns that will com|.ktc a landscape planting in a few short months rather than in years. Cultiva- tion and re-cultivation gives hardiness and vigor to the trees grown the .\ndorra Way. VISIT ANDORRA IN AUTUMN when the fol.aKc i- taking on gcrgcuus tints, and the effect you desire around your' own place is shown in Nature's colors. Come by motor, train or trolley. If you require immediate planting suggestions, write us — we are here to serve in the Andorra Way. Our book- let free. !»*;«?«,? Andorra Nurseries Wm. Wimii Hamei. Pran. Bex 0. (heslnul Hill. Philadelpliia. Pa. THE GARDENERS- CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 103 MASSACHUSETTS HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. I Ih Ilk r\llllul lull ol . Illl.lri'll lloitirllllniMl Ihlll r uiiirjllt nllt ;lll iriMllcll- t Ili.I r\rv \„.-n ■ hi'luri ' Hiinlni |ilnil 1 Sc|it(iMlii'r .") r rlllr\ . Ni.lll. I'CM ill llustuii riir lluuci- :uis faiiiiN Fos- li'i. \\ . Whitinaii lAl. Sullivan, gardener), l':iikri II. .Mansliehl & Son. W. II. Svni- oiids, .\lis. (,). Jl. Tavle. E. F. Uniyea. W. C, Winter, (ieorge L. Stillmaii. Mrs. I'\ I!. Dodu,.. Mrs. E. M. Gill and (ieor<;e Li. Gill. {•'ottler, FlsUe, Rawson Company had a line eollection of gladioli and dahlias. East- ern Nurseries made an e.xtensive show of hardy herbaeeous perennials. William Nieh- olson received a eertifieate of merit for varieties of Buddleia variables. The fol- lowing varieties of dahlias were the best noteil in their respective classes: ( "act IIS - Easeination, Conquest. Civl. William .Marsliall, Mr.s. V. Mis. Douglas Fleming. Dorothy Dlynipia. .Maratlion, Suzanne Cayeux, Mrs. II. itandle. F. W. Bellowes. Golilen Crown, Crystal and Empress. Show and Fancy — Duchess of Albany, Christy, Estelle, Eric Eisher, Dreer's White. General Miles, Flore de Paris, Lie Colosse. Country .lelVries, llarves. Alice, Emily, II. W. Uau.son, Captain Black. IViniv-llowered Geisha, Governor Gener- al. I'ocahouta,. King Philip, Dr. Perry, .1. li. Walker. I'.i-rlha \on Siittiicr. (^ueeii Estlier, (Isi-eola. ililaily, .Miantimoni, F^xt-idsior, (^^ueell. Decorative Le Grand .\lanilou, Santa Cruz. Dorothy FTint, Yellow Colosse. Sony, de Gnstave Douzon, D. M. Moore, Koyal Purple, Jeanne Charmet, Delice, Mrs. Alice l.ongworth. Single — Newport Pink, Newport Cheer, Newport, Dandy, Beach Bluti', \Vhito Cloud, Dauntless. Coquette, Gladys, Newpoit .\iigcl. Odin Woburn. Pompini Al« ine, Bobby, Belle of Spring- ll(dd, Red Indian, Apple Blossom, Eachel, .\ii(d. Lady Blanche. Tlic annual fruit and vegetable show of tile .Massachusetts Horticultural Society will he Indd (Hi October 3 and 4. The a,n- iiiinl chrysanthemum exhibition comes on Xo\cnil)cr i), (i, 7 and 8. LAKE GENEVA GARDENERS' AND FOREMEN'S ASSOCIATION. The Lake ticncva Ganhnieis' and F'ore- iiieirs .Vssociation's gladicdiis show was a great success from the i)oint ol view of both ([Uality and \ariety. Coming so quickly artel the midsummer sweet pea cihibiticm (he number of exhibitors was not laiLje. luit a snllicient representation was stageil to Idl the large hall to advantage. The coni|ielitien in tlie classes of live spikes each and ten varieties of three spike-, each, the latter for the Stumpp & Walter cup. was very keen. The entries for the collection of liest gladioli, one spike of each, for (he Kunilerd medals, brmight out a line lot of seedlings and standard varieties, .losepli Krupa. gardener for N. W. Hjirris, staging Pt-J varieties. Some beautiful va- rieties of Piimiiliiiiis hybrids and rullli'd tyjit-^ well' ^.liowii by the several exhibitors, th" foiiiii'i'. we licliuve, having a great fii- tnii'. Coii>piciions varieties shown includ- ed the following: Kunderdi (ilorv, Mrs. V. Pendleton. Chi- cago White, Ilia \aii. Pride of Goshen, White (dory, Governor Haniey, Mrs. A. E. Knndeiil. ijily Blotch. Little 'Pawn. Peace, War. Niagara. Panama, Hochesler White, .\(tractiiMi. Corsaire and .Mrs. F. King. In (111' competition tor the best eidlec- tioii of gladioli. J. Krupa was successful in taking lir>t honors. In the Stumi)]) & Wal- ter clip competition, III varieties, 3 spikes of each, lirst prize was awarded to Airs. F. T. A. .Innkin. N. W. Harris was second with a very creditable display. Other awards for e.xcelleiit exhibits wcie as follows: .1. .1. .Mitchell (E. .JoIiiimui. gardener) ; K. F. Swift (H. Sampson, gardener); Mrs. C. Seijip (E. .lohnson, gardener). Special awards were made to .1. .1. Mitchell. N. W. Harris, T. ,1. I.i'lc'ii> am! .). II. M r lor displavs other (lian gladioli. W At. LI. GRIFFITH. Secretary. UNCLE IKE ON THE INITIATIVE. The only way benealh the sun To get a piece o' labor done. To build a fortune or a fence. Or tear 'em down, is to conimenee. Nigh all the jidps tliat don't get d, .\re (hose (lia( iiexer arc begun; Comparativel\ mighty few We see begun and not put thioiigli. Jlost people whom we say have failed Are like a ship that's never sailed; They claim that all their plans went wrong— They never got that far along. Fill- nothing can go wrong or riglit. Go in too loose, go in too tight. Come out too big, eonie out too small. That doesn't come oi' go a( all. .\iid thcrefoie. I may farther say, \ou'll ;ilways lind the likeliest way To get your rightful recompense For bein' done, is — to commence. — John Brown Jewett. ADVANTAGES OF FALL PLANTING. 'I'lie ])ri)i)er time td plant atiy kind nt tree is when it can l)e done well, either in spring or in fall, liecanse of its special convenience, fall transplanting of hardy vigorons, well-rooted trees that have been grown and wintered in the open, without protection, is becoming iiMire and more extensively practised in most localities, says a well known nursery firm. l'"all planting should be regulated by conditions rather than by date; as long as the grciund is the growing ni trees llian to any other use is often too wet to be planted casih in spring, but may be satisfactorily planted in fall. In dr\ , wind-swept places fall ])lanting is not desirable. In some regions there is more moisture in fall than in the months immediately following the spring ]jlanting season ; this is a great arlvaiilage. Where it is not so, unless the ground is naturally moist, the imi)ortance of available water or mulch must be rememliered. The technical basis of fall planting rests on a phvsio- lo.gical fact, demonstrateil by a long series of experiments which proved that root growth still continues after the leaves of decitluous trees have stopi)ed growing and the evergreens have put on their protective winter covering; this root growth continues till after the ground freezes. It is easily seen that the roots of trees set out in autumn get well established, if the planting is successful. They thus get an early start in spring, and much time is saved. It has been noticed fre(|uently that trees successfully trans]jlanted in fall make a iietter growth during the fol- lowing summer than those e(|ually well set out in the intervetiing s[)ring. \'egetation is of course more active in fall than in spring, and there is consequently niore evaporation in fall. ball iilanting. therefore, is most successful only when plentv of moisturi' is assured, or some form of temporary protection from drying winds and suil It can be well done where the ground is naturally moist (or when damj) weather ])revails) or where the trees can be watered. The ground near the plants should be covered with very strawv manure or leaves to preveiU the "heaving" caused by alternate freezing and thawing. This heaving is esjiecially likely with very small jilants in wet, heavy soils. I'nderplanting of an existing wood and planting in brush}- places are both generally successful, owing to the protection afforded by the larger growth. 194 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiHiiuiiiiiuiiiiii^ I AGRICULTURAL EXPLRlMtNT STATIONS I are favoring 40 /> Nicotine so- I lutions in their recommenda- I tions for fumigating and I spraying. To meet the demand I this has created we now offer I "40% NICOTINE" I $13.00 Gallon — $3.75 Quart $2.00 Pint H Compare these prices with what you now pay. NIKOTIANA A \2% Nicotine* solution properly diluted for vaporizing and fumigat- ing. $4.50 Gallon— $1.50 Quart. ' I The Recognized Standard Insecticide I for green, black, white fly, red spider, 1 thrips, mealy bug and soft scale. Can ■ be used on tender plants. I $2.50 Gallon— $1.00 Quart I FUNGINE I For mildew, rust and other blights. I It is perfectly safe to apply to fruits I and vegetables, as it is non-poisonous. 1 An infallible remedy for rose mildew, 1 carnation and chrysanthemum rust. I $2.00 Gallon— 75c. Quart I VERMINE J For eel, cut and wire worms working I in the soil. It can be applied to a I vegetation. $3.00 Gal.— $1.00 Qt. I SCALINE I , For San Jose, Oyster Shell and all i scale on trees and hardy stock. An 1 effective remedy for red spider on I evergreens. $1.50 Gallon — 75c. Quart J If you cannot obtain our products from your I local dealer, send us your order with ■ remittance and we will ship imme- a diately through our nearest agent I Aphine Manufacturing Co. = Manufacturers of Agricultural Chemicali 1 MADISON, N. J. Boddington's Quality Bulbs (Jur French and Holland bulbs are now in the Ik iu.se, — and tlieir qualit}' was never better. OUR FALL GARDEN GUIDE IS NOW BEING DISTRIBUTED If _V(iu dill n(jt get your copy, drop us a postal card. When in the city, call on us. Arthur T. Boddington West 14th street New York Telephone 2606 Chelsea WE have about 500 Specimen Evergreens in variety, suitable for moving in the months of September and October. Descriptions of same sent on application. INTERNATIONAL NURSERIES, Inc. 1905 West Farms Road, New York City Phone 4028 Tremonl THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 4 Now Is The Time To Plant Hicks' Guaranteed Shade Trees THE days are i^et- tiiig damp and cool. It is much better for the trees to be handled nnw than in the liot. dry weather — and if planted n0c. ; 100. $3.75; 1.000. .?35. GRAND MAITRE.— A distinct dark violet, white base with bluish sheen; large flower ol refined form, borne on a strong, stiff stem. A splendid Darwin for contrasting. Height. 24 Inches. Doz., 60c.: 100, $4: 1.000. $38. GRETCHEN (Margaret).- Pale rose ground, faintly flushed white, center \\hite. marked blue — a very delicate color; flower globular in shape, liorne vn u strong stem. Splendid for forcing Height, 22 inches. Doz.. lOc. ; 100. .S2; 1,000. $18. HITCHCOCK. — Rich, glowing vermilion, with blue base, an at- tractive border variety. Height, 26 inches. Doz., 60c. ; 100, $4; LOOM. $3S. ISIS. — Fiery crimsun-scarlet. with line base; very large flower of striking beauty. The u.ost brilliant of Is color. Height, 26 inches. Doz., HK\: 100, $6; 1,000. ,¥o5. JULES VINOT (Princess Elizabeth). — Beautiful clear rose-pink, ^ith a \\Inte base. A magnificent, large-sized Darwin of sturdy habit. Height. 20 inches. Doz., $1; 100. $7; 1.000, $65. KING HAROLD, — Intense ruby-crimson, center rich black; very tall and of line form; new and stately variety; very distinct. Height, 24 inches. Doz., 50c.; 100, $3.50: 1,000, $-32. LANTERN. — Pale silvery lilac, passing into white, inside clear lilac, with white base; medium-sized flower of beautiful form, a light violet counterpart to Gretchen. Height. 20 inches. Doz., 40c.; 100, $3; 1.000, $2S. witli white base, very distinct 20 inches. Doz., SOc; 100, $6; LA TRISTESSE.— Deep, slaty bine. ill Kilni'; medium-sized flower. Height. 20 l.iKMi, §:..".. LA TULIPE NOIRE (The Black Tulip). — Deep maroon-black, having a velvety sheen in the sunlight; large flower of fine form. Height. 25 ilielies. I>07... .S2.2-~,; lOQ, $15. MADAME KRELAGE.— Bright lilac-rose, margined pale silvery rose; tli>wer long and of excellent form. Excellent for twrders or pots. n-i-ht. 2^ inches. Doz.. 00<..: 100, .«4; l.OOO, $38. MASSACHUSETTS.— Beautitul pink, with white center; large flowers oi beautiful cohT and form. Height, 24 inches. Doz., 60c.; 100. $4; l.iirn. $::s. MAY Q,UEEN. — Palo lilac-rose, center delicately marked blue; very long, large flower. Excellent for borders or among shrubs. Height, 26 inches, Doz.. r«i?.; 100, $3.50; 1,000, $32. MEDUSA. — Orange - scarlet, flushed saUnon, with blue base, the color is of great brilliance in the open flower. Height. 24 inches. Doz., 60c,; 100. S4.-!iO; l.OOO. $40. MRS. POTTER PALMER. — Bright purplish violet. base white : a large flower : very at- tiaetive for border planting. Height. 28 inches. Doz.. 60c.; KHi. $4..oO: 1.000, $40. NAUTICAS. — Dark rose, center c1c:m- \ iolet. shaded bronze; large flower. Excellent for outdoors and early or late forcing. Height, 30 inches. Doz.. 50c.; 100. $3.50; 1,000, $32. NORA WARE. — Silver-lilac, quite a uniform color when grown inside in i>ots; reconimend- '■d for forcing. Doz., 60c.; 100, $4; 1,000, $38. OUICA. — Bright crimson-scar- let, center-blue. A variety that is net easily beaten for its keep- ing qualities. Height, 26 inches. Doz.. 50c. : 100. $3,50; 1.000. $32. PAINTED LADY. — Cream- wbite. with a faint tinge of heliotrope ^lien open; good-sized flower resembling somewhat a water-lily. One of the best vaiieties for outside or forcing. Doz.. OOc. ; 100. $4; 1,000, $38. PALISSA. — Rich, bright violet, base white ; a very handsome variety that should be in every collection. Height, 24 inches. Doz.. 60c.: 100, $4.50: 1.000. $42. PHILIPPE DE COMMINES.— A grand flower of dark, polished ma- hogany color, with a purple base. One of the best of the less expen- sive sorts in this color. Height, 24 inches. Doz., 60c.; 100, $4; 1.000. $38. PRIDE OF HAARLEM.— Magnificently formed flower of Immense size, brilliant, deep salmon rose, shaded scarlet, light blue base. This variety, perhaps the most widely known for its stately habit and glorious color, is unsurpassed for border or early forcing. Height. 26 inches. Doz.. .We.: 100. $3.50: 1.000. $.32. PROF. RAUWENHOFF.— Deep cherry-rose with salmon-glow inside; enormous flower of great substance on a strong stem. Superb for borders or among shndiberv and one of the finest forcing varieties. Height. 1,S inches. Doz.. 75c.: 100. $5.50; 1,000, $52. PSYCHE. — Old-rose, edged white, int-ide lighter rose, base blue. A very grand xar'u ty for February forcing. Height, 26 inches. Doz., 75c.; 100. $0; 1,000, $58. REMEMBRANCE. — Pale lilac, general tone of the flower silvery, t^iite distinct; large flower. Height. 25 inches. Doz., $2; 100, $15. REV. H. EWBANK.— Vivid heliotrone-lilac; flowers broad. Excellent for forcing: best in its color. Heiglit. 22 inches. Doz., 75c.; 100, .*>.'•; 1.000. $.18. SUZON. — Center of petals buff-ro.sc. shading to blush at the margin, with white base, delicately marked blue. A very much admired variety in the fields; of stroma, stately habit. Height, 25 inches. Doz., SOc; 1(10, ,$0: 1.000. .$55. THE SULTAN. — Rich manmn-black with blue base; small flower of fine form; a good Tulip among the darker sorts to plant with yellow Cottage Tulips, E.'scellent for forcing. Height, 25 inches. Doz.. 40c.; 10'"'i"iii'i>iiiiiiuii»iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiuiiiiiii;iiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiii{iuiiiiiiiiiiiii»Mi iniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiii imi; iiiiwiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiliniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiii' THE stupendous tragedy of Europe has demoralized the bulb-business in Holland, and those looking for really high grade bulbs, should exercise great caution this season, when purchasing their bulbs. While bulbs are usually assorted and shipped from Holland during August, September, the conditions then prevailing were so turbulent that we decided to have our growers select and pack OUR bulbs after the country had once more settled down to regu- lar routine, which has been possible during the past few weeks. We therefore only received our Holland bulbs on October I 4th last and they prove to be of our usual high quality. Of course, most of these bulbs were imported by us ON OR- DERS for our exclusive trade, but we have a few thousand of some varieties which we now offer to gardeners or their principals (we do not sell to the wholesale trade). To induce those interested to try some of our high grade bulbs and compare them at flowering time with bulbs obtained elsewhere, we offer this line stock at a great reduction from our regular prices for quick orders. Even if you have already bought all you need, it will pay you to try just a few of ours. All our bulbs are guaranteed true to name Roman Hyacinths Sizt; lu ciiiitiiueters, per 100, $4.75. rUTCH HYACINTHS, cxliiliitioii size. 20 to 22 continietLn-s. iu flnest separate varieties, very heavy bulbs, per lull, .$12.1111, I ai:ran(lesse, lady Derby, Gertriiiie, Queen of tlie Blues. King of the Bines, etc ROMAN HYACINTHS, •■SCIIEKPERS" Xinirnd pinli, the only true French Pinl! Il.iman worth growing and remarlialilyvali'Mlil.' for forcing, wh'ii true, s.ilid strong bullis, per 100, ¥6.2S. FREERIA, I nil- Purity, .Monster liullis, per 100, ,$2.2,".. Narcissus DOUBLE VON ZION. extra doulilc-iM.s,.rt topmots, |i, j- lOii ,$2.8,1 EMPEROR, .•xira double-nused toprouts, per lIHl 2.75 EMFxlESS. exlia double-nosed toprixits. per 100 2.75 GLORY OF LEIDEN, extra double-nosed toproots, the true variety 12.00 GOLDEN SPUR, extra double-nosed toproots, per lOO 2,75 HORSEFIELDI, .xiim .l.iubbiinsed toproots. per 100 3.50 MADAME DEGRAAFF, .xirii 00 PAPER WHITE GRANDIFLORA. size 15 centimeters, per 100 1 «5 SIR WATKIN, extra d..uhle-nosed toproots, per 100 2.25 VICTORIA, extra duulile nosed toproots, per 100 2.S5 Sing>le Tulips JOOST VAN VONDEL, white, true, per 100 .$,1.00 KEIZERKROON, extra strong toproots, per 100 1.25 MAES, till' liiiest bedding tiilifis, finest scarlet, per 100 2.00 OPHIR D'OR, the finest yellow- bedding tulips, flowers same time and sanit lieiKbt. |.er 1110 l.no PINK BEAUTY, llnest pink single tulips, per 100 4 25 PRINCE OF AUSTRIA, extra strong toproots. per 100 175 ROSE ORIS DE LIN, fine pink beddrr, per 100 l.OO WHITE HAWK, th,:- best ivhitc lor forcing and bedding, p-r 100 2.50 Darwin Tulips from the GREATEST SPECIALIST (all varieties guaranteed triiei. ANTOINE ROOZEN, selected toprrjots, per 100 $■' 75 ARIADNA, selected tojuoots, per 100 4 00 BARONKE DE LA TONNAYE, selected toproots, per 100 2 35 CLARA BUTT, selected toproots, per 100 3.00 DREAM, selected toproots, per 100 4 00 FARNCOMBE SANDERS, selected toproots, per 100 4 25 GLOW, sell cted toproots, per loti 3.25 KING HAROLD, sel.eted toprmits, per 100 3.00 MADAME KEELAGE, selected toproots. per 100 s's.! PRIDE OF HAARLEM. RPECl.U. FOR FORCING, per 100 S.ro PRIDE OF HAARLEM, for bedding, all toproots, per 100 2.75 WHITE aUEEN, selected toproots, per 100 3.25 We also offer one EXHIRITIOX collection of thirty bullis*of named varieties of AMAYLLUS niPPEAS- TRUM for Txvclve Hundred Dollars: will split at .$-15.00 per bulb. We are sold out of our ■•EXCKl.LENTA" I.ily of the Valley pips, retarded, but are booking orders for delivery 1915: this stock is now conceded to be the linest in existence; only a limited quantity obtainable; cases of 250 pips, .$.S.0O. A special flue lot of true BKEMDRtTS IKim'STUS, EREMDRUS ROnUSTUS ELWBSIANDS. ALBDS and other'~flne varieties of this noble and gorgeous plant, that should adorn every border, entire extra strong clumps, ready for dellTcry. per IS inch dump, $1.75 to $2.75. You cannot go wrong picking from this list; all varieties are the finest. We have many new things difficult to obtain elsewhere; if you are an exhibitor, communicate with us. JOHN SCHEEPERS a CO., Incorporated 1':.""^ If^tV^^i^i New YorK City 200 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. IjiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiNiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiwiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiKiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiu^ I JASMINUM GRANDIFLORUM J I The Sweet Star Jasmine | j Ready for winter flowering | 1 6" pots. Bushy, 12 to 15 flowering branches $7.50 per dozen = I 5 10 to 15 •■ shoots 6.00 ■' ■' | I 4 6 to 8 ■■ " 4.00 " ■' I I GIANT MIGNONETTE | = From 2I2" -,ots — $1.C0 per dozen. $7.50 per hundred. f I ROSE HILL NURSERIES J 1 NEW ROCHELLE, NEW YORK j flllllllllllllllllllllllllinlllUIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII»IUIIIUIIIII!ll!llllilllllllllll)IUIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII^^ Darwin and Cottage Tulips The Most Exquisite Race of the Late Flowering Tulips Our catalogue de-scribes 32 of the choicest sorts of Darwins and 29 varieties of the Cottage Garden type. It also contains a complete list of Hyacinths, Narcissus, Crocus, and all other Inillis for Fall Planting, Write us for a copy. Weeber 6 Don Seed Merchants and Growers 114 Chambers Strett, New York Julius Roehrs Company Nurserymen and Florists Headquarters for Orchids, Palms, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Bay Trees and Box Trees, Laurus Cerasus, Aucubas, Cyclamen, Begonia Lorraine and Cincinnati, Evergreens, Decideous Trees and Shrubs, RUTHERFORD, NEW JERSEY L Competent Gardeners •J The comforts and products of a country home are increased by employing a competent gardener ; if you want to engage one, write to us. <1 Please give particulars regarding place and say whether married or single man is wanted. We have been supplying them lor years to the best people everywhere. No fee asked. PETER HENDERSON & CO. Seedsmen a.nd Florists 33 and 37 Corllandl St. NEW YORK CITY Incorporated 1911 ANDREW K. KENNEDY. Pres. and Treas. KENNEDY & HUNTER SEEDSMEN Our Bulbs Have Arrived Place Your Orders Early 156 West 34th Street ?e"n?a'.°ta'Z New York "ONLY THE BE. ST" TREESQ PLANTS Box 65 Germantown, Phila., Pa. Tree Owners and Tree Lovers Will find much to interest and instruct in the NEW ILLUSTRATED MAGAZINE (( TREE TALK Devoted to Arboriculture and Forestry. 99 All about the planting, care and treatment of trees and shrubs. Accurate informat on about pruning, spraying and tree surgery. Send Fifty cents for a full year's subscription to "Tree Talk." Sample copies free on receipt of 2 cent stamp to ccver postage. Published quarterly by THE FROST & B ^ RTLETT COMPANY 26 Cortlandt St. (Suite 212) NEW YORK California Privet and Berberis Thunbergii Grown as Specialties in large quantities Will ha\'e the largest and best stock to offer in the F"all that I liave ever grown. Get my prices liefiire you place yc.iur ijrder. C. A. BENNETT "rrrr Robbmsvllle, N. J. THE IDEAL GIFT FOR EVERY FLOWER-LOVER is found in tlicsc Iwu womkrlully interesting books. Anyone who appreciates the beauties of Nature will be fascinated from cover to cover. Beautifully illustrated and handsomely printed, "THE VOICE OF THE GARDEN" "MY GARDEN OF DREAAS" By ABRAM LINWOOD Uf BAN Price $1.30 each. Shipped pre- paid on receipt of remittance, THOMAS MEEHAN & SONS THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiinimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii 201 Dreer's Choice Bulbs for Autumn Planting PlantiiiL; our high-gracie stock will insure a bountiful harvest of blooms next Spring. Make your selections now from DREER'S AUTUMN CATALOGUE which offers the best selection of Hyacinths, Narcissus, Crocus, Iris, Snowdrops, Scillas, etc., also a select list of Old-fashioned Hardy Plants ; plants for the house and con- ser\-atory ; Hardy Shrubs, Hardy Climbers, Flower, Vegetable and Grass Seeds. Everything seasonable for the Garden, Greenhouse and Farm. Write for a copy and please mention this publication. HENRY A. DREER 714-716 CHESTNUT STREET PHILADELPHIA, PA. IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIUIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII^ iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii^^ I CHRYSANTHEMUMS j I CUT FLOWERS I I can sti])])l_\' exhi])iti(in bl()(.)ms for any purpose, al.so a splendid line of .'^ingles and Pompons. If }-on need dowers for Decorations of an}- descrip- tiiin, write me for ])rices and varieties. I CHARLES H. TOTTY [ I MADISON, N. J. I ■iniiniiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiieiiiiiiiiiiiiiiinm BURNETT'S FOR BULBS BURNETT BROTHERS SEEDSMEN 98 CHAMBERS STREET, NEW YORK Between Broadway and Church St. Tel. 6138 Barclay There are T were shippt-d to him this season. *u- r- n ;^ R-ason nun'ber two for people buying more this Fall, is because they have found out the undebatable superiority of our' stock, as to rigor of growth, dense, shapely formed tops, and the edvantage of transplanting trees with a compact mass of fine roots that can be dug and shipped entirely without injury to them. _ So much for that side of our business. Now, as to why we have made certain reductions in our shade trees and evi^rureens. Briefly: because some of them will be crowd- ing each other in another year. When this has happened before, we have always moved them to give all the room to grow for making fine expansive tops. But now we have this Colorado Blue Spruce. We have 14000 of them. i:rowing down to such a line point, with, more tr'-cs con- tinually coming along the line growing higher, we have fig- ured it out that it is better for us to sell a certain num- ber of trees and cut riglit off of their pricL- what It would Cost to move them. MAPLES. The big Maples, for in- stance, that nst d to cost the Pittsburgh stiel man $90, you can buy of us today for §45. Here are some other prices: 20 ft. hi£ih, r* in dia.. 13 ft. spnari. 16 > rs, old, .^4.". reduced to $?8. 14 ft. high. G in. dia., 14 ft. .'.pread. $60. reduced to $35. 26 ft. high. 7 in. dia., 16 ft. spread. 20 yis. old, .«S)on Westburu . Lon<^ Island ~1 GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA THE OFFICIAL ORGAN OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF GARDENERS Devoted to the Scienc-^; of I loriciiltme and Horticulture. THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PARK SUPERINTENDENTS. D-n'oU-d to Park Dcveloinn.L-nt an! Rf rtatioual Tacilities. Vol. XVIII. OCTOBER, 1914. No. 6. The United States Botanic Gardens, Washington, D.C. ^^'««^ The old Botanic (iardens. nestling at the foot of the Capitol of the United States, the pride of the late Will- iam R. Smith, the first superintendent, and which may soon be given acreage in beautiful Rock Creek Park, for there is a strong movement in Congress to bring this about, were conceived by George Washington and are all that remains of a grand scheme of a national college and a national church. It was he who selected the site which they now occupy, and this in face of the stubborn oppo- sition of one David Burns, who wanted this part of the city for himself. In 1822, a botanical society was formed and some planting was done on the dryer portions of the reservation. This society published what is now a very rare book, entitled Prodomus Columbiana, in which was contained a list of the plants in the District of Columbia. To this collection, John D. llreckinridge, one of the foremost botanists of his time, added large quantities of interesting material. In 1(S5C Congress made an appro- priation for the building oi a conservatory and at about this time the plants that had been collected by the Wilkes Expedition, on a trip around the world, which had here- tofore been placed in a greenhouse in the Patent Office Square, were placed within the gardens. Air. Breckin- ridge was employed to look after the gardens and with him was associated Dr. Asa Gray, an expert botanist. Lack of funds stunted the gruwth of the gardens, fur dur- ing the }ears from IS.^l to 18,^4 all exiienditures were paid from the funds accredited to the Wilkes Expedition. For a number of years previous to this time influence was brought to bear on Congress to properly appropriate moneys for the gardens, and it was mainly through the efforts of the late Hon. James Alfred Pearce, then chair- man of the Joint Library Committee of Congress, that the national body in 1835 enacted legislation "For the support of the public greenhouses, including the pav of horticul- turist and assistants THERE THOUSA.X D DOLLARS." Cireat credit indeed must be given to Mr. Pearce, for the Library of Congress, including the Botanic Gardens, the Smithsonian Institution, the Coast and Geodetic Survey, and our exploring and scientific expeditions, all experi- enced his fostering care and found in him an advocate and a friend. It was during these troublous times of the garden's life that the late \\'illiam R. Smith began his great work, for it wa^ in the year 1853 that he assumed the title of super- intendent. At that time, at the best, the gardens were for the most part a miserable ague-breeding swamp, the filling in of which required some 500,000 yards of ma- terial for the first operations. The work was necessarily slow, but the results have proven themselves well worthy of the labor. The efforts of Mr. Smith are well known to everv stu- EXOTIC BED, U. S. BOTANIC HARDENS, CONTAINING MANY. VARIETIES OF ECONOMIC AND ORNAMENTAL PLANTS BROUGHT FROM ALL PARTS OF THE WORLD. 204 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. dent of horticulture for through theiu he has been right- fully styled "The Father of Horticulture." To him much credit is due for the present beauty of the gardens — it was his life's work ; he was successful and the gardens themselves stand as a fitting memorial. The gardens, through their growth, soon became a popular place for students, not only of our craft, but those who assayed to become physicians, chemists, and members of kindred professions, and they obtained much knowledge of the science of botany. This interest is still maintained with the possible exception of the medical students, for less attention, it is said, is now paid to botany in the medical colleges. Their places have well been taken by high school students, the number of which increases annually. Let us pass by the earlier days of the gardens' history and call upon George W. Hess, the present superinten- dent, for guidance through the grounds. Mr. Hess needs no introduction to the craft, yet no article based upon this subject would be complete without some reference lieing made to him. Mr. Hess was born in the Capitol Citv about forty-nine years ago. At the age of si.xteen he began the study ot ;the business under the tutelage of the late Jolm Saul. After that time he worked for a number of florists, was -associated with Edward A. Mosely, of Kenilworth, D. C. specializing in the production of violets and carnations, and at that time the flowers of these varieties which they sup])lied were the best to be had in this locality. During the administration of President Harrison, Mr. Hess was connected with the Department of Agriculture, and later he connected himself with the late Mr. Doogue. when the latter was in charge of the Public Gardens in Pioston, Mass. Mr. Hess later specialized in Chinese and other foreign vegetables, many of which are produced at the Garden-; today, and he is able to name each of them in pure Can- tonese. A disastrous fire caused him to look for employ- ment in other fields and being familiar with public parks and their administration, and listening to the counsel of friends, he took the civil service examination for employ- ment under the Federal Government. Much to the sur- prise of his examiners he obtained a rating of 100 per cent, as a specialist in the growing of foreign plants and 98 per cent, in general gardening ; marks never before or since equaled. Having met Mr. Hess, let us proceed through the gate and into the reservation at the southern part. We must stop to admire a fine specimen of the "Tall Cedars of Le- banon," so often referred to, and to the left a magnificent bed of grasses, containing about fifty varieties including arundo dona.x and peimisetum, with a contrasting border in which is contained a few coladiums. Nearby are the geranium beds, with blooms of rich red and pink, which must be seen to be appreciated. On the other side of the bed of grasses, and near the center of the great conservatory, is the fiscus bed of about twenty varieties, including ficus elastica, ficus panderatua, and many other equally fine plants of this family. This is Ijordered with hibiscus. Going down the walk towards the main conservatory we find the exotic lily pond, at this time in full bloom, with a specimen papyrus antiquorum, the grass from which the ancient Egyptians made their parchment paper and which was gathered from the waters of the Nile for that purpose, in the center, (jold fish darting in and around the plants add color to the scene, an Wmi HLUU.MS OF RICH RED .\ND PINK. A CEDAR OF LEBANON TREE TO THE RIGHT. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 205 BED OF liANANA PLANTS WITH GIANT CANNAS IN FDRE- GROUND SURROUNDED BY BORDER OF CROTONS AND AN EDGING OF DWARFED BOX. a tri|) of many miles to .see when at its l^est in seasim. At the door of the conservatory is a full grown cassia tree planted by General Grant during his term of Presi- dent of the United States and from here can be seen the $500,000 monument being erected to his memory and which will soon be completed. As one enters the conservatory his first view is of an umbrella plant at the right and a magnificent specimen at the left of Attalea E.xcelsior with leaves spreading full thirty feet from the trunk to their tips. Near here is the Travelers' Tree of ^Madagascar, from which the weary natives of that coimtry obtain water while traveling through the dry sections; and the Royal Palm of Florida. Oreodoxa Regia. Passing into the east wing we find the tree fern Cibotium Regalii beneath the spread of which a half-dozen people could obtain shelter from the rays of the sun in its native country. There has also been planted in this wing coffee trees, Cinchona Superubii. from which quinine is obtained ; and the gigantic banana tree, a treat to Xorthern eyes for at the time of this visit great bunches of fruit were hanging from its branches. ^\'ere one Robinson Crusoed within this conservator\- little difficulty would be encountered from lack of food, or medicine, or of plants from which clothing, etc., could be made, for in addition to those above named, there grows with all the hardiness of its native soil Pandanus UtiHs, from which the natives of Mauritius make ma- terial for clothing for bags and sacks, and this thev even use in the erection of their homes ; Camphora Ofticinalis, warranted to keep away moths as well as being valual)lc in the chemist's shop; Monstera Deliciosa, a bread fruit rightfully named for its fruit has a very delicious flavor akin to the pineapple. Should we require ])oison for anv '"^-'f-'-.Ti.'.^-V . -*4»*J^«^.- reason we have but to ta]j the Hottentot ordeal poison tree of the species To.xicophlaea, for this is the tree by which the Hottentots sought to tell the guilty from the innocent. It was their belief that the innocent could readily eat the fruit of this tree without being stricken, InU needless to say no one ever passed through the ordeal alive. These natives also used the sap of the tree to tip their spears and arrows with deadly poison. In the octagon house at the east end of the main con- servatory is the Strelitzia Reginoe, the bird of paradise llower of South Africa, whicji unfortunately was not in bloom, and many other useful and ornamental trees and t'crns. all brought from other climes. Passing into the west wing of the conservatory we are enabled to complete our collection of edibles — we can season our food with the products of the Calvcantaceae A BED OF MANY V.SRIETIES OF GRASSES WITH SOME CALADIUMS IN BORDER. srPEKi.\Ti:Niii;NT oi~ i'. .s. i;ot.\nic g,\kijens. i.;i-:o. w. iiess. AND MRS. HESS. IN FRONT OF THEIR RESIDENCE ON THE RESERVATION. (alls])ice) or Cinnamonuim ZcAlanicuni I cinnamon ) and if we understand Ghinese we can get some sort of food from the W'ampie tree and also the pleasant tasting Lichee nuts. Here also are a wild date ])alm and Sago palm from far ofif Japan. In this wing later in the season will also be stored the hundreds of palms and ferns which now beautify sections of the grounds, but which will not withstand the onslaughts of winter in this climate. Having completed a round of the conservatory and its several wings, we come to the front of the gardens and there obtain a view of a wonderful fountain designed by the famous sculptor, Bartholdi, for e.xhibition at the Philadelphia Centennial in 1878, and which was later brought to Washington and placed in the Garden.s. This is a most wonderful ]:>iece of work and this spot is the 206 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. mecca of thousands of art students annually. Within the huge base at the bottom is a large collectiun of hardy water lilies and myriads of gold fish are to be seen swim- ming about. (A photograph of this fountain is repro- duced on our cover page.) From the fountain is obtained a splendid view of the superstructure of the National Capitol, and to the right of the former a group of bannana plants which also bear fruit at the present time. Around this group is a collec- tion of giant canna, eight to ten feet high, in full blijom and the "whole is surrounded by a border of crotons and an edging of dwarfed box. On the other side is the exotic bed containing about seventy-five varieties of eco- nomic and ornamental plants brough'^ from all sections of the globe. The range of orchid houses holds one's attention for quite a period of time, for here is an excellent display of rare plants, many of which are in bloom. The Holy Ghost orchid, or Sanctum Spiritus, with a most excellent reproduction of a dove hovering above an altar, empha- sizes nature's handiwork, and Cattleyas in profusion add their colors ta 'the beauties of the surrounding plants. Another range of houses is devoted to the propagating and growing of ferns and so-called stove-house plants. These latter represent a wonderful collection of plants brought from warmer climates. Within this reservation are many trees that have his- torical associations, some of them having been planted by Presidents of the United .States and others by noted statesmen; there are varieties which have found a place in the world's history, and their study is most interesting and valuable along educational lines. As has been found the case with other visitors, it re- quired a full half day to see all of the wonders of the conservatory, the greenhouses and the grounds sur- rounding them, and there still remained a wide stretch across Maryland avenue where are located the offices of the superintendent and many additional greenhouses and places for the storage of such plants as cannot be ac- commodated during the winter in the grounds. Practi- cally all of the trees, ferns and plants displayed in the Gardens, and many thousands that are distributed among the various government branches, for the beautiiication of public buildings and grounds, and for exchange witlj other similar parks, are propagated on this side of the fence. No attempt is made to grow flowers that are fa- miliar sights in commercial establishments, attention be- ing devoted entirely to the production of flowers and plants usual!}- found on private estates and of the rarer varieties. NOT ROOM FOR BOTH. There's not room for the weed in your garden, And the flowering blossom, too ; You can't have the noxious nettle, -\nd the violet's lovely blue. T-"nr the weed will choke the blossom, .Vnd not all the sun and rain \\'ill ever restore its beauty, ( )r Ijring back the bloom again. You can't have the smile of sunshine, -Vnd the dark frown on the face ; If _\ou have the look forbidding, ^ ou will lose the smile's bright grace. And it is better to have the sunshine, .■\nd the welcome in the eve. Than the frown that is black and chilling .\nd the clouds within the sky. There's not room for the light and gladness, And the sweetness in the life. As well as the dark and loveless. And a heart that is set on strife. And 'tis best to be sweet and gentle. To be pure and good and kind, And to keep as a lasting treasure A sweet and lovint -Cliattivhox. FICUS BED CONTAINING .\BOUT TWENTY VARIETIES. SAID TO r.K (j.\K OF THE MOST COIIIT.KTK ('(il. LECTIONS IN THE UNITED STATES. THE BED IS BORDERED WITH HIBISCUS. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 207 PROPAGATION OF ORNAMENTAL TREES AND SHRUBS. (Jrnamental trees and slinibs are grown l)y diftereiit processes, but the ultimate end is the same in each — the increase of the variety of species, writes M. J. Wragg, in American Fruits. In ornamental trees, especially, we always grow those from seed wherever we can get the best results, but as a rule there are but few that we can get this way ; conse- quently we employ budding or grafting. We have been very successful in growing one variety of Japan Maple (acer ginnala) by seed, as the seed grown in this country seems to be very strong and perfect and we have had no trouble during the last few years in grow- ing from eighty to ninety per cent, of seed. So many of our best ornamental trees recpiire so much nursing to get nice, well-grown specimens that we have employed during the last few years budding. To illus- trate: Jf we want to grow Norway Maple or the red- leaved \-ariety (Schwedleri) or any other fine Maple, we plant out maple seedlings, bud them at one year old after planting and we always use for our stock beds from trees that have special characteristics of growth. As in the Norway Maple, there are some trees that are so much thriftier, up-right growing trees that we get our buds from these trees. In this way we can grow a uniform block or row of the Norw'ay Maple ; but if we depend on seedlings, many of them will be very crooked and un- shapely. In trees of rapid growth like the Soft Maple, Linden, Hackberry, ^\'hite Elm, Catalpa Speciosa, etc., we gener- allv plant out one-year-old seedlings. After they have been grown one year we cut them off at the ground. The following year they will make very rapid growth. Early in the spring we are careful to remove all the sprouts from the stem except one, so that by fall of the year in which we cut them back we have tall straight stems which will make the body of our future tree. I will mention in this connection the Oak, as I consider it one of the coming ornamental trees, and I believe our I)est results will be from planting our native acorns of our Scarlet, White, Red, and Pin Oaks, transplanting them at one year old from seed. In shrubs we have to employ dift'erent methods to get the best results. I am now speaking as we grow them in our nursery in a commercial way. Take, for instance, the Lilac family. There is a large class of these that we grow from layering, which we do by taking the superfluous limbs as they sprout up from near the ground, make a small incision with a knife or other instrument on the lower side near the ground, just cutting through the cambium layer. When these are bent dow^n and all are prepared, we then cover them with dirt all arotmd the plant, covering from three to six inches, according to conditions. We do this along our large plants that we intend to dig the coming fall. .^s fast as we dig these plants we trim all these limbs oft', and, as a rule, they have all thrown out more or less rootlets. Eveii if they have only made a callous we save them, planting them out the same. In this way, from a row of common White, Red, or Purple Lilacs of 1,000 we often can get from 3,000 to 4,000 young plants for lining out and yet have the parent bush. This is the way that we grow what is known as the common lilac bushes, but if we want to grow nice, up- right lilacs, with nice stems, we then employ budding. The last few' years we have had good success in budding lilacs on the common Privet (Ligustrum A'ulgaris), but we believe for this country that our best lilacs should be budded on Ash, as they make a stronger growth. T have never found the growing from cuttings very successful. In most of our shrubs I prefer growing them from hard wood cuttings. During the months of September and October 1 pre- pare my cuttings for some varieties. As soon as the wood has matured and the leaves will strip off easily or drop I consider them in the proper condition for cutting. 1 like to use cuttings about seven or eight inches long, tying them in bunches of 100 to 150, and keeping the base or the bud of each cutting the same way. As fast as cuttings are cut, and tied each day as cut, I i>ut them in my storage house with the .base down on ilic floor, where I keep it well wet so as to keep the base of the cut- ting in a moist condition. After I have prepared a cjuan- tity ahead I put them in the callousing pit out-of-doors, digging the pit about ten inches deep, putting the base of the cuttings up, covering it with about an inch of soil. During the warm weather in September and the first of October these cuttings will callous very rapidly, and as soon as all cuttings are cut and treated in this way I then commence planting them in well prepared ground that has been plowed at least ten inches deep, subsoiled if necessary. I generally employ setting to a line, putting my rows three feet and six inches apart and the cuttings in the form from three to six inches, according to variety, push- ing the cutting clear down to the t(ip, then covering the top of the cutting with about an inch of dirt the last thing in October. After the cutting patch has frozen in the fall, I cover these buds with manure to keep a warm, equitable tem- perature and keep the cuttings from heaving out by frost. Now the varieties that we get the best results from growing hard wood cuttings are Spireas, Arguta, Van Iloutii, Opulifolia, Reveesii. etc. The other varieties of Spirea, like the Colosa Alba, Colera Rubra, Watereri, etc., I think are best propagated from the layering sys- tem, or the division of the plants as they are taken up ; however, for the largest classes, I think the hard wood cuttings the most preferable. .Ml varieties of Forsythia grow s])lendidly from hard wood cuttings, also the Tree Honesuckle, Syringa, Tam- arix and other varieties. Those that I recommend layering as the fastest and most economical way of producing young plants would he the A'^iburnum Family, common Snowball, Tree Cran- l)crry and Dentatum. These all root readily and by lay- ing the lower limbs of the bush down one can increase them very rapidly. Of course, there are some hard wood cuttings that root more easily than others, but if the above methods are employed no trouble in rooting at least sixty or eighty per cent, of the cuttings will be experienced. TOO BUSY TO READ. He is a familiar type — the fussy, fretful man who imagines that he is about the busiest fellow in town. He often dumi)S in the wastebasket unwrapped co])ies of business or technical magazines that contain valuable articles bearing directly on his problems. He fondly l)e- lieves that he is too busy practicing to bother with what others are "preaching." The trouble with this type of man is that he has not learned that the real executive is the man who so plans his work as to leave a reasonable amount of time for reading and planning. There are shoals and breakers ahead when the accumu- lation of new ideas ceases. The man who declares he has no time to read is unconsciously advertising his small caliber, his slavery to detail, his arrested development. — F.lJiott "Impressions." Work for the Month of November By Henry THE FLOWER GARDEN. The chaotic appearance of the flower garden at this lime of the year makes one ahnost despair of ever getting it cleaned up. The short dark days are, however, draw- ing near, and there is no time for these regretful feelings. The first thing in cleaning up the garden is to start a fire of dry leaves and debris that are lying around. Once the fire is got going all the old rubbish from the beds and borders can be piled onto it, and thus be easily disposed of. When the fire is burned out the ashes mav be spread on the beds and previous to digging. All beds and borders that are not to be planted to bulbs should be manured and dug over before the winter sets in. Especially is this so where the soil is of a heavy clayed texture, care being taken to leave the surface as rough as possible so as to allow the disintegrating influ- ence of frost to penetrate as deeply as possible. THE VEGET.^BLE GARDEN. What has been said with regard to the foregoing ap- plies with equal force to the vegetable garden. As fast as the various crops are harvested digging or ploughing should be proceeded with, and if deemed necessary trenching. Trenching is a process too well known to need description here, and especially to those who re- ceived their early training on the other side of the water. Land that has been heavily manured for several ^'ears past would be greatly benefited bv a good dressing of lime applied now. Land such as we. ar£ speaking of _ contains large quantities of valuable plant food in such a form as renders it unassimilable. Lime acts as a disintegrator ; that is, it breaks down or lets loose as it were these chemical compounds so that they are readily assimilated by the active roots of the plants. It is pos- sible by frequent application of lime to break up these compounds to such an extent that the soil becomes im- poverished. Therefore apply lime cautiously and not oftener than once in three vears. ( In ilic other hand, land that is known to be deficient in any of the chemical elements that go to make up plant food should have these supplied, and there is no better time to do this than the fall. THE FRUIT G.VRDEN. The suggestions given with reference to the application of lime and fertilizers are also to be recommended for the orchard and small fruits. Raspberries should have the old canes cut away if not already done. No good comes of having the raspberry patch like the impene- trable undergrowth of a forest. Take the pruning shears and let in some light and air about them. The\- will then have a chance to get ripened up and stand the winter better. SWEET PEAS. It seems a far cry from the fruit garden to sweet peas, yet while on the subject of preparing for next season's work it would be well not to overlook next year's supply of these almost indispensable flowers. On many estates they are grown almost to perfection, and no doubt exists that this is only possible where thorough preparation and cultivation is carried out. Sweet peas delight in a deep and retentive, well enriched rooting me- dium. Such a condition can only be brought about by trenching and a liberal application of manure and artificial fertilizers. Do the trenching now before the ground freezes up. Just how much to trench depends on the extent to which these flowers are to be grown, but the Gibson. trenching should not be less tl>an three feet wide and two feet deep. THE GREENHOUSES. (the ROSES.) Keeping the plants in perfect health should be the aim ut the rose grower at this season so as to get them through the winter in as good a condition as possible. Overfed and overwatered plants are not the things to ^tart out with, for such will undoubtedly damp the ardor of the most enthusiastic grower ere spring arrives. Ex- treme care should be exercised in watering, and only when absolutely needed. But to have the plants too dry is equally harmful. Feeding with highly concentrated fertilizers should be guarded against, as a soft growth is a thing to be avoided. Good liquid cow manure con- tains all the necessary elements in fair proportions, and is, we believe, second to none for feeding roses. POINSETTIAS. Few plants are more easily spoiled by uneven tem- peratures and an excess of moisture at the roots than are poinsettias. A night temperature of 60 degrees should be maintained and ventilation during the day should be care- fully attended to. Feeding is in order when the bracts show color. Soot water greatly helps to keep the foliage dark green. BEi;oNL\S, CI.OKE 1)E LORRAINE .\ND CINCINN.\TI. This type of begonia which requires shade from bright sunshine during tlie summer _nK3iitiiS;-slio.uld now be ac- commodated on a shelf near the roof of a warm house and gradually inured to full sun. This will harden up the foliage and add very materially to their keeping qualities when used for decorative purposes. The removal of flower buds should be discontinued now and the plants will remain bright and attractive throughout the fall and early winter months. The persistent manner in which they keep on producing buds and flowers indicates their food assimilating propensities and to keep them in per- fect condition they should be supplied with regular doses of liquid manure. As the roots are rather delicate strong stimulants should not be given. CAMPANULAS. Thev come in very useful for making a display in the spring when flowering plants are pretty much at a premium. Plants raised from seeds sown in the spring and planted out will have made strong crowns that will stand forcing next spring. Lift these plants, if not al- ready done, so that they make new roots before freezing weather sets in. Give them suitable sized pots and use a good compost. Three parts good fibrous loam, well decayed cow manure, 1 part, and a five-inch pot of bone meal to each barrow load of soil makes a fine growing medium. Pot firmly, water thoroughly and place them outdoors until the frosts are severe enough to make pro- tection necessarv. Then place in a cold frame where they can stay until wanted for forcing next January. LIFTING SHRUBS FOR GREE.NHOUSE CULTURE. .\t the present time the gardener is being constantly reminded that he must keep expenses down, and he is expected to get respectable results at the same time. It is therefore up to the gardeners to fall back on their resources and rise to the occasion. Times are hard and, instead of discouraging one's employer and cause him to close down, help tide over the depression by brightening up the conservatory with some of the shrubs, etc., that have been forced and planted out two or three years past. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 209 EREMURI IN SHRUBBERY. To what advantage the £i;iant Eremuri may be planted in the shrubbery and its adjacent parts is well shown in the accompanying illustration reproduced from a photo- grai)h taken at Kew in the earlv summer of the present year. The etifects of a thin natural grouping as opposed to overcrowding is so well sliown in the figure that little need be said on that point, though attention might well be drawn to the foil of trees, which assists to mirror into greater life and beauty the subject portrayed. In all these directions the illustration tells its own tale. Another important lesson, equally obvious to the spe- cialist if not to the ordinary gardener, writes E. H. Jen- kins in Gardeiiiiii:; Illustrated, is the shelter the shrubs afford for the Eremuri during the s])ring months. It is quite well known, of course, that these plants when start- ing into growth early in the year are at times liable to be injured by late frosts, hence the value of some such pro- tection as that shown, (|uite apart from the picture-mak- ing effects such associations give to the landscape. Doubt- less, similarly suitable positions could be found in many gardens, and by arranging the [plants on the southwestern side of shrub groups protecting them from the Ijiting winds of spring which are as dangerous and disfiguring as the frosts. The noblest of these Eremuri. as e. g., E. robustus, E. r. Elewesianus, and E. himalaicus, grow, when established, a great height, the first two being from 6 feet to 10 feet, or occasionally 11 feet, high, the last from 5 feet to 8 feet high. In the first-named the color is palest pink or fiesh, in that last-named purest white, hence a Holly or something akin makes a good foil. Their root-vigor, too, is proportionate to their imposing stature, as witness the rope-like thongs which, like the spokes of a cart-wheel, extend to several feet from the central crown. Hence, preparation of the soil might well extend to several feet, while spade or fork work should be dispended with in the immediate vicinity of the plants. W'itli such as Hungei (yellow), Shelford (bronzy yel- low), Warei (salmon), and others, a less vigorous root- system prevails, with more stay-at-home and pliant root- fibres, hence for these soil preparation should be restrict- ed accordingly. Those like Shelford and Warei, posses- sing bronze and salmon shades, and which, starting later into growth, require less protection from frost, are seen to the best advantage with the sun upon them. The best planting season for these Eremuri is Se|)tember and Oc- tober, and while all may be inserteil 6 inches below the surface, it might be well to remark of such vigorous sorts as E. robustus that the plants occasionally force them- selves to the surface, leaving a vacuum immediately be- low the crown. This upward movement is probably as much due to the peculiar crown-upon-crown formation' which goes on year after year as to great vigor, and is not very apparent unless the examples are of excei)tional' strength, or have been some years in position. When it occurs, lifting and replanting are the only remedy. E. H. Jenkins. From Gardening Illustrated, EREMl'Rl'S ROnu.STUS .^MONG SHRUBS IN THE ROYAL (;.\RDEN, KEW, ENGL.^ND. HERBACEOUS PERENNIAL PLANTS. \'<\ J. JollXSnX. Thougli the spring months are considered by some to be the best season in which to prepare and rearrange the borders and to plant out hardy perennials I believe that the work could be even more effectively carried out at this season. It is an advantage if the roots can be started in the fresh soil in autumn while the ground still retains some of the summer's heat and the plants become es- tablished before severe frost sets in. The colors and habits of the plants being still fresh and vivid in the memory rearrangement can be done with half the trouble, and as the pressure of work in other departments is not so great at this season as in the spring montlis planting might be done more satisfactorily now than if deferred. Generally speaking perennial flower borders benefit by being overhauled at intervals of three years, and on each occasion the ground requires to be deeply dug, or better still, trenched. .\t the same time a heavy dressing of farmyard manure shoukl be given together with a light dressing of bone meal. The plants are usually gross feeders and readily respond to a.deepl}' worked and well prepared rooting medium. When planing the arrange- ment it is well to remember that though hardy perennial' plants ]3redominate this class of plant should not be grown exclusively if the best possible display of flowers be required over an extended period. While it is true that a selection of j)erennial plants could I)e made that would furnish flower from early spring until late fall, I think better results are obtainable by the introduction of some of the best half-hardy and annual bedding plants. These latter plants usually continue in flower montlis at a ^tretch while manv of the most handsome perennials last but a few weeks. In gardens where several such borders exist the object should be to avoid a sameness of things. Many gardens resplendent with borders of mixed hard\- ])lants are too frequently disappointing because one border is typical only of its neighbor. The best gardeners avoid stereo- t\])ed methods of planting even to the extent of not using tiie same kind of jilants in different borders, and in this way gardens become what they should l)c — gardens of interest. Lawn Sprinkling Through Concealed Irrigation By Laurie Davidson Cox. The excessive cost of maintenance is one of the most serious problem which confronts the park builder in the climate of Southern California, writes Laurie Davidson Cox, landscape architect, Park Department, Los Angeles, Cal., in Tlie Aincrican City. This is because the mainte- nance is continuous throughout the year, during practically all of which time artificial irrigation must be resorted to. Any eastern park official who has struggled with a much used lawn during an August drought will realize what ten months of such conditions must mean to us here in Southern California. Four years ago wlien this department undertook, as part of a progressive park system, the problem of re- ducing mainte- nance costs, the question of lawn irrigation was seen to be one of the chief features of the jiroblem. In an attempt to r e tl u c e this item, recourse was had to a system making use of fixed sprinkler top^ s u p p 1 i e il b y u n d e r- ground pipes. The system Mas worked out in this de- ]"artnient under the direction of the superin- tendent, M r. Frank Shearer, and proved very satisfac- t o r y. Today systems more or less similar are being wide- ly used all over Southern Cali- fornia. UPPER ILLUSTR.\T10N SHOWS UNnERGROUND PIPE SYSTl:\l I ILLUSTRATION SHOWS IT IN.\CTI\E. Since the first use of the system by the Park Depart- nient here, there have been numerous new ideas brought forward regarding the form of the sprinkler tops and their arrangement. Some of these are of considerable complexity, such, for e.xample, as the disappearing top for use in shrubbery and flower beds. This rises to a height of several feet to operate and drops below the ground cut of sight when the water is shut off. The simple fixed top is, however, the standard and a number of such tops are on the market. These differ principally in the amount of water wliich they distribute and the pressure under wdiich they work. The newer forms of tops are designed so as to with- stand weight and hard usage, such as that given by horse and power motors. The earlier forms did not do so, fnd much breakage of tops ensued. The general principle now is to provide as a part of the top a protecting guard, such as the one now used by this department and shown in the diagram. Uthers make use of a spring valve which closes wdien the sprinkler is not in use and causes the sprinkler to present a plain massive surface capable of with.standing a heavy thrust or pressure. On account of greater strength and toughness, brass or bronze is now frequently used for the material in these tops, rather than composition metal or cast iron, as formerly. In using the system for shrubbery and flowers a greater variety of sprinkler tops is possible, as the top can be kept above the ground and may be of more delicate con- struction. For this work a sprinkler which distributes the water so as to leave the walks or other adjacent areas dry is desirable. The most ingenious form yet seen by the writer is one making use of gas jets set slightly above the ground and arranged in the grass or curb border of the bed. ISesides the system making use of buried pipes and fixed sprinkler tops, there are sev- e r a 1 systems using pierced pipe which lie flush with the surface of the lawn. Of these the best known is the so-called "Skinner sys- tem," the de- tails of which are shown in Diagram Num- ber Two. The system consists m e r e 1 y of a galvanized iron !> i p e ( usually ;''4 - i n c h is used ) w i t h minute holes punched 16 inches apart, laid flush with the surface of the ground and provided with a patented union and handle which permits the pipe to be rotated without leakage. Such a system will sprinkle splendidly a strip of lawn twenty feet on either side. The system is espe- ciallv good for flower and shrub borders or for long, nar- row strips of grass such as street parkings. It is much cheaper to install than the underground system and dis- tributes the water in a finer mist. It is, however, more trouble to operate, and the labor cost of irrigation is probably twice as .great as with the underground system. The unilerground system as used by the Los Angeles Park Department consists of a series of pipes laid in' radiator circuits 12 to 15 inches deep in the ground, hav- i^4 stand pipes with attached sprinkler tops placed flush with the surface of the lawn at intervals of from 15 to 20 feet. The grass soon covers the tops, so that the system when inactive is absolutely invisible. The tops do not THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 211 interfere at all with the lawn mowers, heing so laid thai the blades pass over them. The spacing of the sprinklers depends on the available volume of water and the pres- sure and the nature of the top used. .\ circle whose diameter is the diagonal of a 20-foot square seems in practice to be the maximum area over which water can be uniformly distributed from a single sprinkler top. Sprinkling sxstems with underground piping were in use before the development of the Los Angeles system, but all made use of the principle of hose sprinkling with the constant diminution of pressure proportionate to the length of hose and number of sprinklers. The Los .Angeles system differs distinctly in this respect, and therein lies the secret of its success over all earlier sys- tems. The principle involved is merely that of the ap- plication of pressure to a body of w-ater confined and motionless. The feed pipe forming a complete circuit is of sufficient capacity to furnish all sprinklers with their maximum capacity, and so when the valve is opened and pressure applied the pressure and distribution are the same for each sprinkler. The first installation in Los .Xngeles was made in Central Square and the single feed system was used. There are eleven circuits in this park dnd each carries 36 half-inch \\'ilgus sprinklers covering an area of a\)- proximately 17,000 square feet. The total area of Central Square is 5 acres with 4.3 in lawn. An attendant waters this park thoroughly with the automatic system in two hours at a cost of about 70 cents. As it formerly required two men the entire day to perform the same work at a cost of $5, the saving effected is $4.30, or over 80 per cent. Also the expense for the purchase of hose is eliminated. This system has been in operation for over three years and has given perfect satisfaction. The only danger is that the workmen, unless carefulh' watched, will givc ihe lawns too nuich water. Within the last two years some 40 acres of new lawn in Los Angeles parks have been put in with this system. The Skinner system is also employed on areas of such shape as this system is best adapted to, and also on our flowering and herbaceous liorders. All new lawn now put in by this department is provided with one or the other of these systems, and it is planned eventually to replace our present hose sys- tems in use on the old lawns with these systems. Requests for the details of this system have been re- ceived from many sources. The system is simplicity itself, the only secret being not to overload the supply pipe. In using this system in heavy soil, under drainage should be provided, and in a section having frost in winter a provision should be made for draining the system in winter and the sprinkler tops should be plugged or re- placed by caps. The cost of installation is from $400 to $800 per acre, according to conditions. If galvanized or dipped pipe is used, the life of the system should be fifteen or twenty years. INTERNATIONAL SPRING FLOWER SHOW New York, March 15-23, 1915 under the auspices of Horticultural Society of New York, New York Florists' Club Preliminarj/ Schedules may be obtained from JOHN YOUNG, Secy., 53 W. 28th St.. New York. AtlTOMATIC LAWN SPRINKLING SYSTEMS N? 1 UNDERGROUND PIPE SYSTEMS 0~— t— O O O O O O O O C ;'yBje« tuje^t Single Teed System y Tkis syi Tern GENERAL PLAN OF INSTALLATION Scale- 1 in • iojl. Handle To aaiuii aitale of spray -y fciien-tecl~^Jiiiihl>U union —, ? piae- per^eroTea every liitls'^-y » ^ i of ..Ik I2_ I- elk ^"^ r (fate valvi ,_S^ Wood or iron dok in walk To conceal valve a f/Winas yr Mem feea piae ' detail elevation Scale- li in. I ft DETAIL PLAN I 3Cst -le^tu/c in'f-.fec^ ■ Illustrations and Diagrams Loaned by The American City. Park Department Organization By Frederick Law Olmstead. {Continued from September issue.) Probably the most perplexing and troublesome set of relations to tix between tne various parts of the organi- zation are tt.ose between tlie people in charge of play- grounds, etc., and the general maintenance and operat- ing forces. It is obvious that for dealing skilfully with the children and others who resort to playgrounds,' baths, social-center buildings, and kindred recreation tacilities, quite a different set of people are needed from those iitted for the ordinary work of the physical maintenance and improvement of parks, playgrounds, etc. It is ob- vious also that these people need to be directed and controlled by a central staff-department expert in this special class of work. The personal requirements for efficient service in this w'ork are peculiar and exacting in respect to tact, imagination, sympathy, firmness, and common sense, as well as in respect to certain kinds of technical training; and the job of creating and maintain- ing an efficient corps of such people by a process of -seiect4cn, elimination and wise control calls for a high •order of ability, as well as for special training and ex- perience, m the head of the department. There is needed -also a very close and intimate relation between the head •of this department and the instructors and other workers who are actually dealing with the public in the various playgrounds. Most of the work for the supervision of which other staff-departments are responsible can be done to ad- vantage by employees who are working under a local division foreman, who are responsible to the staff-de- partment only through that division foreman, and who are transferred at the discretion of that foreman from one class of work to another. This is clearly im- practicable in the case of the playground instructors. They must be directly and absolutely under the orders of the head of the recreation department, just as a transit-man assigned to work in any park must be directly under the orders of the head of the engineering de- partment and not, like the construction gang for which he sets the stakes, under the orders of the division foreman. On the other hand, it must be borne in mind that the boundaries of the field of work for which a play- ground or recreation department might properly be made resjionsible are extremely vague with endless interlock- ing ramifications. The whole park system exists for no other purpose than to furnish various forms of recre- ation for the public, and the business of educating and guiding the public to the full and proper use of the facili- ties provided, and at the same time preventing their abuse, ■calls for the constant exercise in greater or less degree throughout all the parks of the same qualities of tact, imagination, sympathy, firmness, and common sense, that are so peculiarly necessary in playground instructors. It calls for the exercise of those qualities in connection with various sorts of technical knowledge, as in de- termining just how far and where the public can be encouraged or permitted to use the lawns for walking. for picnics, and for games, without destructive injury that would actually reduce the net return of public recre- ation derived from the entire investment. The so-called policing of the parks is one aspect of this group of functions ; but park policing cannot wisely be divorced from the business of park maintenance. Some cities liave made the serious mistake of turning over the policing of their parks to the general city police de- partment, whereas it can be done better and more economically by park employees responsiDle to tiie local division foremen. L.enerally, one man can unite the functions of a maintenance laborer and of a guard ; at times in the larger parks and on the busy days men must be assigned to the sole duty of watching and direct- ing the users of the park. It is the concentration of certain kinds of public activity on the playground areas and bathing-places, etc., that makes possible and justifies the further specialization of expert playground in- structors and the like in charge of such places. There are many places in the parks where an isolated ball- field or a few tennis-courts or a few swings add materially to the recreation facilities, yet where there is not suffi- cient justification for stationing a playground instructor, and where the control of the public using these facilities must, for economy, be exercised by the same man who does the labor of maintenance. In view- of all these considerations, I believe the most satisfactory method of adjusting these duties and re- sponsibilities is the following: There would be a staff- department of recreation under a thoroughly competent chief with an adequate staff of assistants. He would receive the orders of the board through and be respon- sible directly to the chief executive officer, the depart- ment being conducted under the su])ervision of and in Consultation with a sub-committee of the board specializ- ing on this subject. The department would keep a general oversight upon the conduct of all park employees in their relation to the public seeking recreation in any of the parks and playgrounds, and would give advice and instructions to the local division foremen in regard to such matters, just as a horticultural department gives them advice and instructions in regard to lawns, planta- tions, etc. In those places where the work demands and justifies the assignment of a specialist, the chief of the recreation department, after proper consultation with the division foreman, would have it done by a playground instructor or other employee of his own department, to that extent relieving the local division foreman of the work; just as the horticultural department might send its own planting gang to handle a special job of planting, or its tree .gang to do a job of tree-pruning. Where the work is not thus handled directly by employees of the recreation department, it would of course be done bv the force of the local division foreman, through whom the instructions of the recreation department would be transmitted. If any part of the work done by or under a local foreman was not satisfactory to the head of the recreation department, and the circumstances did not justify him in doing it with his own force, he would take "up the matter with the superintendent. Similarly if the division foreman felt that instructions received by him from the recreation department or direct work done bv die employees of that department within his division were such as' to interfere with getting the best results in his division as a whole, he would take the matter up with the superintendent. In this way the principle of the general responsibility of the division foreman for his entire territory would be maintained. An alternative method would be to segregate certain playground areas from the park divisions in which they occur, to free the regular division foreman from any responsibility for their management or maintenance, and to make the instructor in charge of each of them in THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 213 effect a foreman for the area in question, having the same all-inchisive general responsibility for the entire maintenance and operation of the area as the division foreman have over their tlivisions. In the case of important isolated playgrounds, tiiis might be a good arrangement : but in the case of play- grounds occurring as incidental features in a large park, or isolated playgrounds of insufficient importance to oc- cupy the entire time of an instructor, it would seem in- advisable. Either method would accomplish the essential purjwse of fixing upon some one person the indubitable general responsibility for everything connected with each piece of ground. Space does not permit a discussion of all the important functions normally assigned to staff-departments, but I must mention one essential function which' ought to be performed systematically and invariably by the same staff-office. It may be performed by the su]jerintendent himself, or by a landscape tlepartment, or by a consult- ing landscape architect without affecting the principle. Every plan for changes aft'ecting the design or appearance of anything for which the commission is responsible, no matter where the plan originates, ought as a matter of invariable routine to be referred to this one office for examination and report before its adoption, and a print or copy kept on file there, in order to make sure that no plan shall be adopted, without deliberation, which is in conflict with plans previously adopted by some other department or preceding administration, and in order to afford a general check upon the esthetic merits and suitability of each plan in relation to the general design of the park, playground or other area which it will aff'ect. It should be the duty of this office to call the attention of any officer of the commission to any plan (originating with others) that would be likely to aff'ect the interests with which that officer is specially concerned, in order to get the benefit of his criticism. To provide thus a central clearing-house for all im- provement plans, responsible for pointing out any dis- crepancies or lack of harmony among them or between any one of them and the general design of any park area, is the best possible means for replacing the too impulsive methods from which our parks have suffered by that stability of purpose which makes for the highest efficiency in such work. Rc/'^uI'lishcJ from Landscape Jrcliitccliirc. THE HERBACEOUS P^ONY. The herbaceous preony, the "Uueen of -Spring,'" so beautiful yet so simple of culture, merits more than a passing thought from garden makers or lovers of flowers, writes H. J. .Moore, in Tlic Canadian Florist. Its uses are legion, it may be massed or grouped in borders con- taining other perennials, also along the boundaries of the lawn, or be arranged in beds, and even individually it may be used in any suitable position, while for cutting its flow- ers, single or double, are equally desirable and equally at- tractive for general decorative purposes, although for gracefulness the singles are to be preferred. \^'e are indebted tn the old-fashioned P. Officinalis and to P. Albiflora for probal)ly most of our varied and beauti- ful double kinds, these being obtained by hybridizing the plants mentioned, thence subsequently inter-hybridizing the progeny, the result being the exquisite shades of color which attract and hold the attention of even the most cas- ual observer. Of late years other species have been em- ployed in the production of new varieties, with excellent results. Very few plants are so free from the attacks of insect pests as the paeonv ; for this reason alone, it is. therefore, worthy of more general use in the amateur's garden. The Japanese singles afford a pleasing contrast to the ordi- nary double flowered kinds, as does likewise the double crimson flowered 1'. tenuifolio (P. tenuifolia flore plenoj, with its rose-Iike flowers and its distinctive foliage. Eor gorgeous effect the pajony is probably unrivaled, espe- cially when it has been allowed to remain undisturbed for many years, and where the clumps are of large size. ^listakes in the culture of this and other plants are sure to occur. The following jirecautionary measures may thus obviate much disaiipointment and discouragement where [Macticed. A\'ho has not heard the question. What is the matter with my p;eonies, they never flower, or if at all, quite indifferently? There are many reasons for this state of affairs, but probably the trouble is due to one of tliree causes. First, .-Vs the poeony naturally forces its crowns (buds or eyes) to the surface where they mature and ripen, nature should thus be respected, deep planting is injuricjus. Second, The position may be too shaded; partial shade may allow of the production of flowers, som- bre shade never. Third, The soil may be light in nature, that is sandy or gravelly, without humus, such a soil being non-retentive of moisture, and, therefore, unable to retain food solutions. A deep rich soil will suit the pteony eminently. It need IK it necessarily be light in texture, nor dark in color, if possessing sufficient humus, and fairly retentive of mois- ture. Good drainage is essential. Never choose a soil or position where this is bad unless it is possible to improve it. Where such a soil does not e.xist, by incorporating large quantities of humus even a heavy loam mav be made productive. Trenching is the most effective method of preparing the soil. This, however, on a large area is impracticable, re- sort being made to the plough, which practice is not to be commended on heavy soils unless a subsoiler is used, otherwise a hard layer, known as a plough pan, will be formed into which the paeony roots will penetrate only with the greatest difficulty, to the detriment of vigorous growth, and the production of flowers. The capillary ac- tion of soil moisture will likewise be retarded. -\s pzeonies establish themselves slowly, and as little root growth is made during the first year, the time of planting is necessarily a great consideration, and while opinion may be divided regarding it. the following argu- ment in favor of fall planting ma_\- be taken for what it is worth. Autumn is the proper time for this operation. Under favorable conditions a few roots will be made ere winter arrives, these enabling the plants to start early in the spring, and to make considerably greater progress than were they spring planted. The plants are usually propagated by division, each division containing at least one or more buds or eves. These should be planted at least three feet ai)art, four feet being a more desirable distance for the larger growing kinds such as I'estiva Maxima, which. ;is its name implies, means "Large Feast." Whtjn planting, do not cover with more than two inches of soil, deep planting favoring the production of weakly infertile stems, rather than of flowering growth. This is noticeable especially in the case of many specimens plant- ed in lawns. \n o])en sunny ])osition is the best, and be- ing hardv no protection other than a mulch of stable manure is essential to the welfare of the plants. Cultiva- tion is most essential in the case of the p;eon\-. In s])ring the winter's mulch should be worked into the soil to fertil- ize it. and during the summer hoeing and raking should be practiced even if only to conserve the moisture. Where large areas are planted the cultivator should be used as much as possible. New varieties of the p;eony are raised from seeds. As four and five vears must elapse ere the plants flower satis- factorilv. this work had better be left to the hybridizer. 214. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. NOTES BY THE WAY. Bv Wii. H. Waite. .Lilia Americana, the American Linden, also called the Lime, Basswood and Whitewood. The accompanying illustration is of a specimen on the lawn at Seven Oaks, Mamaroneck, N. Y., where P. W. Popp is superinten- dent. As will be seen from the photo, the subject makes a stately and handsome specimen when given proper room to develop. The Lindens are very desirable trees in every way ; they are symmetrical, in habit of fairly rapid growth, and not subjected much to the ravages of insects and disease. Tlie accompanying photo of a group of member; of the X. A. G., caught in a happy mood, perhaps needs nn explanation, yet a few words of introduction on each may not be amiss. Leading from left to right, we have J. Scheepers, a native of Holland, yet now a naturalized American, and who is doing much to raise the standard and quality of bulbs. He is an enthusiastic bulbist and is always will- ing to impart his knowledge to otiiers. .\'ext to him i^ James Stuart, our able treasurer. He is a well-known grower and exhibitor, and presides over the beautiful place of Mrs, Constable. He has always something of interest to show the visitor, whether it be his Nerines, Cyclamens, Calceolarias or his beautiful perennial garden. He was our host on this occasion, and the picture was I _,LILIA AMERICANA, ON THE LAWN, SEVEN OAKS, MAM.\RONECK, N, Y. made after we had fully partaken of his and Mrs. Stu- art's hospitality, this no doubt accounting largely for the happy smile on the face of our next friend, P. W. Popp, He is well known as the novelty man. for he has always something new to show. But it is in Gladiolus and Dahlias that he specializes, and his annual exhibition of these flowers at i-^even Oaks is an eye-opener to many. We now come to happy Sam Redstone, who for the present has given up the growing end and is now repre- senting Hilchings Company. Sam is known by all the gardeners in the East and is always welcome. We all know what he can do as a grower, having seen his won- derful roses and carnations at many exhibitions. And last, but by no means least, we have Thomas Aitchison, who presides over Mr, Straus's place at Mamaroneck. He is a redoubtable bowler, a good grower and a win- ner of many premiums for his dainty table decorations. MESSRS. SCHEEPERS. STUART, POPP, REDSTONE AND AITCHISON. DESTROY EGG MASSES OF TUSSOCK MOTH AFTER LEAVES FALL, Washington, D, C. — The caterpillar of the tussock moth, which is noticeable because of three long black tufts of hair [)rotruding from its yellow body, has done considerable damage to many shade trees in the city of Washington during the summer and fall. This insect, which extends through the Eastern United States, as far west as Iowa, seems to prefer poplars, maples, elms, alders, birches and willows. Besides injuring trees, its barbed hairs occasionally produce considerable irritation on the skin of people upon whom the caterpillars drop. To control the ravages of this pest the coming season, the conspicuous white-egg-masses laid by the moth, should be destroyed after the leaves have fallen, when they may be very easily noticed. The United States Department of Agriculture's ento- mologist considers the above method preferable to that of banding the trees after the egg masses have already been laid. During the past season a number of trees in the city of Washington have been banded to prevent the moths from climbing up their trunks when there were already egg masses above the bands which hatched out caterpillars. These caterpillars were prevented from coming out of the trees as much as others were prevented from coming into them. Of course, if the owner of a tree is sure that it is absolutely free from tgg masses (which are always conspicuous and usually are found low down on the trunk ) , he may use a band to advantage to keep out intruders. For this purpose insect lime, of which there are several brands on the market, is the best substance, and a ring made around the tree will give service for several weeks in warm weather without be- ing renewed. As soon as the leaves have fallen, ^i:[^g masses should be scraped from the trees and then destroyed bv burning. The work must be absolutely thorough, and not an egg mass overlooked. A better way, however, is to use ap- plications of creosote oil on the eggs. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 215 INFLUENCES OF THE GARDEN CLUBS. Bv George T. Powkll. A universal interest is growing in horticultural work, and garden clulis are being organized in increasing num- bers. The advantages of co-operative effort and action are many, and they are being better understood. Broader knowledge and information may more readily be ob- tained, while exliiliitions are of far larger value and in- terest through organized ckibs or societies than are pos- sible through individual work. Every club must work out and pursue such policy as is best suited to the local conditions, which vary widely. The Onteora Garden Cluli, recently organized in the Cat- skills, has entirely different problems to meet at an ele- vation of twenty-five hundred feet than the clubs work- ing on Long Island, about Philadelphia, or in New Eng- land. Frosts occur in the Catskills in every growing month of the year, while in some instances soil has to be trans- planted and placed between rocks to make a place for plants. Winter temperatures are at times more than 30 degrees below zero, which makes the problem of the se- lection of trees and shrubs quite different than that for the deep soils of sections of milder climates. The adapta- bility of trees and plants to locality requires knowledge, and this may be obtained through an organized source much more advantageously. Garden clubs at the present time are being organized along somewhat dift'erent lines than heretofore. Com- mittees are appointed for specified work, that the high- est degree of efficiency may be had in every department of the work. The Onteora Qub, in addition to others, has a committee on home gardens, to carry its activities out to the farms of the locality, and in order to reach the farm homes it has provided for associate members, at an annual fee of one dollar, that farmers and their families may have the advantages of the club, which will be helpful in improving farm home life, and its surround- ings, through simple, inexpensive means for beautifying the home in garden work that shall include some flowers and shrubs, along with a wider and better variety of vegetables and small fruits, that will add to the dietary of the farm table. At a recent flower show of the Lawrence Garden Club, of Lawrence, Long Island, one of the members brought a most excellent and beautiful exhibit of fruit, com- posed of apples, pears, peaches and plums, from a "pa- triotic motive," that in these times of so much distress, caused by the high cost of foods, it could be shown what might be produced from the sandy soil of Long Island to contrilnite to the food necessities of many people. At the first meeting of the recently organized garden club, of East Hampton, Long Island, one of the special lines of work indicated is to be that of civic improvement. The trees of that very beautiful summer resort were devastated the past season, the foliage being greatly in- jured by vast numbers of the tent caterpillars that were a scourge in many parts of the country. Information is to be disseminated on the control of such a pest that the trees may be saved and the great beauty of the place kept unmarred. Local pride is to be stimulated that better roads and streets may be maintained. Another newly organized garden club at Sea Bright, N. J., is equally interested in making the club of value to the community outside of its organization. In all of the clubs are members who take much personal interest in their gardens. They make a study of plant life to know of its requirements in propagation, in feeding, in right pruning ; in fact, they want to work intelligently and to bring out the best in plants in growth and developiuent. That is the real true spirit in garden work, the love of the plant, wliich alwaxs thrives an;l responds to such care. The work of these clubs is not to cease when their members close their houses in tlie country and leave their gardens regretfully liehind. They ])lan to hold meetings in their parlors, and at city club rooms, wdiere courses of lectures on specific subjects will be given, and make a stud}- of the soil, trees and ])!ants — make notes in regu- lar class-room work, obtain the best literature and return to their gardens in the spring, better prepared to oljtain the best results. With such standards as this toward.N wliich lo work; v,-ith the broad and well-considered plans for doing the best quality of work : with the interests of rural com- numities at heart in an awakened appreciation and re- gard for the life and protection of trees; for better roads; for better schools, where children may have more of in- spiration brought to their lives through better methods of teaching, including more of nature subject, garden clubs in the future, working upon such lines, are going to become a luost important factor in their influence upon rural conditions and the country life uplift in which there is so universal an interest. LILLIAN SHAW. The many friends among the gardening fraternity of j. Austin Shaw will be sorry to learn of his sad bereave- ment in the death of his oldest daughter, Lillian, which occurred at Clark^ville, Catskill M(]untains, N. Y.. on ( )ctober 9. Lir.r.i.AN sii.\w. Miss Shaw was born at Oshawa, Canada. During the past five years she was engaged in tutoring in Flatbush. Brooklyn and New Jersey, and her popularity among her pupils was attested by the large number which attended her funeral, at the Methodist Episcopal Church, Borough Park, on Monday, October 12. The floral tributes which filled the home and church showed the universal esteem and love in which Miss Shaw was held bv all who knew her. 216 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA, Published by CHRONICLE PRES5. Inc. Office of PLiblicati<_)n 236 WILLIAM ST., NEW YORK. MARTIN C. EBEL, Managing Editor. EDITORIAL OFFICES— MADISON, N, J. Subscription Price, 12 Months, $1.00 Foreign. $1.50 Entered as second class matter at the Post Office at New York. X. Y.. under Act of Congress of March 3. 1S79. Published on the 15th of each month. Advertising forms close on the 10th preceding publication. OFFICIAL ORGAN OF NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF GARDENERS President, Vice-President, Treasurer \VM. H. WAITE. J. W. EVERETT, JAMES STUXrT, Yonkers, N. Y. Glen Cove, N. Y. Mamaroneck, N. Y. Secretary, MARTIN C. EBEL, Madison, N. J. TRUSTEES FOR 1914. Peter Duff, Orange, N. J.; William Kleinheinz, Ogontz, Pa.; William Duckham, Madison, N. J.; Alexander MacKenzie, Highland Falls, N. Y. ; John H. Dodds, Wyncote, Pa. DIRECTORS. To serve until 1915 — John Shore, Harrison, N. Y. ; Thomas Proctor, Lenox, Mass.; William N. Craig, Brookline, Mass.; Frank E. Witney, Fishkill, N. Y. ; Robert Williamson, Greenwich, Conn. ; F. Kirk, Ear Harbor, Me.; James Bell, New York, N. Y. To serve until 1916 — Thomas W. Logan, Jenkintown, Pa.; John F. Huss, Hartford, Conn. ; Jas. MacMachan, Tuxedo Park, N. Y. ; A. Bauer, Deal Beach, N. J.; John W. Jones, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Alexander McPherson, Washington, D. C. ; James C. Shield, Monticello, 111. To serve until 1917 — A. J. Smith, Lake Geneva, Wis.; Theodore Wirth, Minneapolis, Minn. ; Wm. Hetrick, San Gabriel, Cal.; Robert Angus, Tarrytown. N. Y. ; Robert Bottomley, New Canaan, Conn.; Alex. Fraser, Newport, R. I.; Arthur Smith, Reading, Pa. AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PARK SUPERINTENDENTS President, Secretary-Treasurer. GUSTAVE H. AMRIIYN, ROLAND W. COTTEKILL, New Haven, Conn. Seattle, Wash. Vice-Presidents, CARL W^ FOHX, JOHN HENDERSON, Colorado Springs, Colo. Montreal, Canada. HERMAN MERKEL, CHARLES HAIBLE, J. H. PROST, New York, N. Y. Newburgh, N. Y. Chicago, 111. JOHN McLaren, San Francisco, Cal. \'oi. xviir. OCTOBER. 1914. Xo. 6. The beneficial influences of flower shows was once more demonstrated by the exhibition of dahlias and other autumn blooms held at the Second National Bank, Pater- son, N. J., under the direction of Wessels \ an Blarcom, the assistant cashier, and which attracted large crowds to the bank. The show was held under the auspices of the Paterson Floricultural Society. The magnificent flowers were in vases and were placed on long tables running the length of the bank. The visitors were shown through the bank by Messrs. \ an Blarcom, William D. Blauvelt and Edwin N. Hopson, officers of the institution. The exhibit was a great credit to the flower growers of the city and proved a pleasure to all who witnessed it. Commenting on the show, the local press wrote edi- torially : "It is estimated that 5,000 people visited the exhibition held in the Second Xational Bank last Saturday. The blooms were of unusual beauty and size and spoke in the highest terms of the patience and care of the ex- hibitors. The front and back yards of this city have pro- duced some admirable gardens this season and never before have so many ardent and faithful workers been found here. The children have been encouraged to cul- tivate gardens, with the result that never before in the city's history has floriculture been so city-wide. Seeds that liad been freely distributed in the public schools early in the season have since beautified many a back and front \ard and all summer hundreds of boys and girls have spent many hours at gardening. "All this will have its good effect on the community. For no matter what the nationality or the style involved, a fine garden reflects the character of its maker. But if the garden reflects its maker's temperament, it is no less true that often a garden influences it. In one of the American trade publications appears a story told by the general manager of a coal mining corporation at Wey- anoke, W. Va., a settlement in the district sorely afflicted with industrial conflicts. He saw that the average man worked short hours and rarely put in full time every month. This idleness was not voluntary, but came about in the regular course of work. Idleness added to the dis- content, so he hit on the idea of introducing into the mountain region tlie small garden system so profitably practiced by the laborers of England. He tried to induce his men to utilize their spare time in cultivating gardens, and offered prizes for various kinds of vegetables and flower plots. "At first the miners viewed the proposal with suspicion. One or two won the prizes. The next year the change was remarkable. Out of the 225 men employed at the camp all the heads of families but two had started gar- dens. And splendid specimens they were, if the account can be relied upon. The v.-omen brightened their lives by sowing flower seeds — it was color, and color bright- ened their lives. The mine officials summed up the re- sults by saying that it produced a steady and reliable labor supply and the prettiest and healthiest labor camp to be found anywhere. "What better testimonial could there be to the elevat- ing and profitable influence of vegetable and flower gar- dens on llie lives of the men and women ?" "THE FLOWERS." "Take a feller 'at's sick and laid up on the shelf All shaky and ga'nted and pore — Jes' all so knocked out he can't handle hisself With a stiff upper lip any more ; Shet up all alone in the gloom of a room As dark as the tomb, and as grim, And then take and send him some roses in bloom, And you can have fun out o' him. "You've ketched him 'fore now — when his liver was sound And his appetite notched like a saw, A-mocking you, maybe, fer romancin' 'round \^'ith a big posey-bunch in yer paw ; But you ketch him say, when his health is away, ,\nd he's flat on his back in distress. And then you kin trot out yer little bokay And not be insulted. I guess! "You see, it's like this, what his weaknesses is — Them flowers makes him think of the days Of his innocent youth, and that mother of his. And the roses that she ust to raise — So here all alone with the roses you send — Bein' sick and all trimbly and faint — Aly eyes — my eyes is — my eyes is — old friend — Is a-leakin' — I'm blamed ef they ain't!" James Whitcomb Riley. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 217 NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF GARDENERS W. H. WAITE, President, Yonkers, N. Y. OFFICIAL COMMUNICATIONS M. C. EBEL, Secretary, Madison, N. J. BULLETIN NUMBER ONE NATIONAL CO- OPERATIVE COMMITTEE, The National Co-opcrati\c Ccmniittee, a])])ointed at tlie meeting- of the National Association of Gardeners held in Philadelphia m April, l')14, to devise ways and means to make the proposed co-operative movement between the national association and local gardeners' clubs and societies operative, submits to the local co-operative com- mittees, appointed to work in conjunction with the Na- tional Co-operative Committee, the prime objects of this co-operative movement, which are as follows : To establish gardening as a profession on a firm foun- dation in .'Inicrica. To develop a closer fraternity between those engaged in the profession of gardening and those interested in it. To make knoum that the I'ocation of gardening is not acquired through one or two seasons of zvork in the garden, but through a thorough training — zi.'hieh de- mands both a practical and scientific knoivledge gained o)ily through years of study. To provide an educational course whereby those ambi- tious to gain a general knozcledge of the different de- partments of their profession, and not in circumstances to secure it at college, may obtain it through their na- tional association. To make the Service Bureau of the National Associa- tion of Gardeners an institution to zuhich those requiring the services of gardeners in their various capacities will turn with confidence for their requirements. To encourage an e.vchange of I'lezi's and the di.'isemi- nating of reports of the doings and activities of the vari- ous local societies, zchereby the e.vperience of one society may aid in the development of the other societies. To bring about more uniform conditions to goz'ern flower shozcs, through the adoption of rules and regula- tions ami an official scale of points for judging flozvers, fruits and vegetables by the various horticultural so- cieties, zchich could be applied to all shozcs conducted b\ clulis and societies participating in the co-operatiz'e moz'e- ment. To arouse the interest of estate ozimers, and others interested in gardening, in the activities of the local so- cieties and the nalional association. The foregoing arc a few suggestions of what the plan contemplates. The National Coiiimittee recommends that the local committees submit these suggestions as a subject for general discussion at a meeting of their society, with a view of bringing out some thoughts which may aid the cause. It especially solicits suggestions and expressions of sentiment respecting the proposed establishment of flower shows on a uniform basis by the adoption of stand- ard rules and regulations and schedule of points to govern them. It seeks advice on the establishment of an educational department for the benefit of those who may want to avail themselves of study courses, and suggestions on how the Service Bureau may be conducted to provide opportunities for the many rather than for the few. It should be national in scope, yet local in operation, in that the local societies shall have a voice in the filling of positions in their communities. The National Committee asks that the local co-opera- tive committees report to it any recommendations their societies may have to offer ; aLso any suggestions the local committee may deem will further the movement. Make such reports not later than the middle of Novem- ber to M. C. Ebel, secretary, Madison, N. J., so that the National Committee may submit its plans at the an- nual convention to be held in Philadelphia the first week in December next. President W aite has appointed the following commit- tee on • arrangements for the annual convention with ])ower to increase its number: Thomas Logan, Jenkin- town. Pa. ; William Kleinheinz, Pa., and John H. Dodds, W'yncote, Pa. The annual convention will be held in i'hiladelphia during die week beginning December 7, and it is pro- posed to hold a two days' session, devoting the after- noon of the first day to the annual business meeting ; the evening to the annual banquet ; the forenoon of the sec- ond day to the bowling contest, and the afternoon of the second day to seeing Philadelphia. The full program will be published in the next issue of the Chromcle. There will be an exhibit of novelties and specimen ].)huits in competition for the association's certificate of merit. In this connection it may be well to call attention to the fact that the association others a medal for any new varieties of llowers, fruits or vegetables created by ;i gardener, a member of the association, passed on as mentoriotis by the committee of judges appointed for that purpose. Fuller details of the exhibit will a|)i)ear in the November issue of the Chroxicle. There has been no "moratorium" declared on the pay- ment of dues in the National Association. Duplicate bills have been sent out for the 1914 dues, but rettirns have l;een slow. Members intending to attend the annual con- vention will require their 1914 member.ship card to par- ticipate in the business of the convention. This card will be forwarded to members by the secretary on the payment of their dties. Springfield Centre, N. Y., Sept. 29, 1914. Secret.vrv, N.\tion.\l Associ.vtion of G.\rdeners: I write to tender my best thanks to the Service Bureau in general, to you Air. Secretary in particular, for the kind assistance and valuable advice I have received, and in appreciation of which I have jileasurc in enclosing $5 which I offer to the Service Bureau fund to help forward the good work it is doing for the gardening profession. I do not know if there is such a fund: if there is not, there certainly should be one ; and I trust you will accept this contribution either to add to the fund or to start one as the case may be. I hope that other gardeners who may receive benefit from the Bureau will contribute to such a fund, for it would not only aid them in the future, but the profession as a whole. Ernest Carm.xn. Tlip assistance and advise tendered Mr. Carman by the Service Tiureau was a suafxestion that he reconsider liis resignation to liis employer, and retain his position in these troublesome times. Tlie suggestion was favorably received and acted on. SECY. 218 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. AMONG THE GARDENERS l'~r;ink Everden, for the past three years foreman on the Twombly estate, under Robert Tyson, superintendent, lias accepted the position of head gardener on the estate of O. G. Jennings, Fairfield, Conn., where he will assume his new duties shortly. * ^: * Henrv Gibson, formerly foreman on the George D, Baker estate, at Tuxedo Park, N. Y., where James i\Iac- Machan is superintendent, has accepted the position of gardener on the estate of Colgate Hovt. Oyster Wax. N. Y. Peter Stobie, formerly in charge of the greenhouies on the Osborne estate. Garrison, N. Y., will leave there on October 24 to take charge of the Mrs. William Lee Cushhig estate, at Simsbury, Conn. Present indications are that there will be keen rivalry among some local teams from the neighborhood of New York in the bowling tournament, at the annual convention to be held in Philadelphia in December. It is stated that at least one team may be found on the alleys at every opportunity it can get to practice. WM. E. MAYNARD. In relinquishing his interest in Tnii Gardeners' Chronicle of America, through the passing of owner- ship into other hands, Wm. E. Maynard has parted with what he for many years prized as a cherished possession. Flis disposal of it was due solely to enable him to devote liis entire attention to the horticultural pursuits in which he has for some time past been engaged. But the interest Mr. Maynard has always taken in the cause for which The Gardeners' Chronicle stands will however, not diminish, for he says, he may be counted on to respond as faithfully in the future as he has responded to it in times gone by. Mr. Maynard was born in Ellington, Chautauqua County, N. Y., in 1858. In 1865 his parents moved to Ingham County, Mich., where he later received his first insight of horticulture. He taught school for six years and at the age of twenty-one entered the employ of C. L. Vandusen, at that time a nursery man of Geneva, N. Y. Mr. Maynard has followed the nursery business ever since, remaining in the West up to 1894. He then came East and has since been located in New York City and its vicinity. In 1904 Mr. Maynard organized the National Asso- ciation of Gardeners, the first meeting being held at Macy's Hall, Thirty-fourth street and Broadway, New York City. Its first officers were John M. Hunter, president, now engaged in business for himself in Engle- wood, N. J. ; John Whalley, treasurer, who at that time was aborculturist in Prospect Park, Brooklyn, N. Y., and Wm. E. Maynard, secretary. The association was started with forty members. At the next meeting, which was held at the American Institute, New York City, one hundred and thirty-nine gardeners were present. The publication of The Gardeners' Chronicle was begun shortly after the association was organized and has since served as its official organ. Mr. Maynard held the office of secretary continuousl)- until 1911, when the present incumbent of the office, M. C. Eliel, was elected. On his retirement as secretary, Air. Maynard was elected a life member in appreciation WM. E. MAYNARD. of the services he rendered to the organization. He has always been found a loyal worker and a staunch sup- porter of the association's policies. The report which has been circulating that William J. Collins, connected with Carter's Tested Seeds, Inc., has severed his connection with that firm is found to be with- out foundation. Mr. Collins is still with Carter's Tested Seeds, Inc., and states that he e.xpects to continue with the company for a long time to come. A MESSAGE FROM THE 'WAR ZONE. Rayiu's Park, London. S. J!'., Eng., Sept. 25, 1914. To the Editor, Gardeners' Chronicle of America, Madison, N. J. Dear Sir: We have recently noticed reference in the American Press regarding the war conditions ivhich unhappily pre- vail in Europe at the present time. These references suggest that the United States and Canada cannot look with confidence to Great Britain for their usual supply of seeds for the coming year. We shall be glad if you will intimate in your columns that there is no foundation for such fears. This zi'e feel is a matter of public interest and we in this country have every confidence that the British Fleet will be able to safeguard the high road across the Atlantic and to ensure uninterrupted traffic zi'hich zvill maintain zvith regularity the commercial relations bctzveen the tzvo con- tinents, and our American friends can look to British sources of supply zvith the same confidence as tlicv hazr in times of peace. JVe zvould also like to take the opportunity of referring to the many communications which zvc have received from your side of the Atlantic expressing sympathy zvith Great Britain in her struggle for the right and they give us the liighest satisfaction. Your obediant servants. James Carter & Comp.xnv. Paynes Park, London, S. JV.. Eng. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 219 AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PARK SUPERINTENDENTS OFFICIAL COMMUNICATIONS. G. S. AMRHYN, Pres., New Haven, Conn. R. W. COTTERILL, Sec.-Treas., Seattle, Washington. RESOLUTION OF THANKS. Relative U< the entertainment of the sixteenth annnal convention of tlie American Association of Park Super- intendents, held at Xewbiir^h, N. Y., and New York City, August 24-27. 1914: Whereas, in returning after tzvelve years to the birth- place and lifelong home of Andrew Jackson. Dozvning, the father of landscape gardening and the park idea in America, the American Association of Park Superintend- ents found a cordiality of zuelcomc and cz'idcnt zcarmth of feeling that made its stay a most pleasant one: The devotion and self-sacriUce of the park couimis- sioners of Nezcburgh and their superintendent, our fellozv member, Chas. A. Haiblc. z^iio unstiiitingly gaz^e of their time and exerted ezrry effort to add to our comfort, the generosity of the citizens of Nezvburgh in proz'iding auto- mobiles and tendering us the delightful trip through the Tuxedo Valley and the Harriman Estate, the generosity of Mrs. E. H. Harriman in throzving open her beautiful home for our inspection and in tendering the bounteous luncheon at the Tuxedo Club, the reception tendered b\' the Coldz^rll Lazim Mozver Company and the con- tinued courtesies and attention bestozved by its officers and employees, and the evident good zvill and zcelcome of the citif:ens generally and the liberal publicity extended bv the press of Xezi'burgh, all contributed to our enjoy- incnt zi'hile in Xezi'burgh : The trip dozvn the Hudson Riz'cr, through the magnifi- cent Highlands and the opportunity afforded of z'iezeing some of the zcorkings of the Interstate Park system at close range and particularly for receiving such an cn- bghtening account of the accomplishment and objects of the commission from its president, Hon. Ceo. II'. Perkins, zvho as host for the trip including the luncheon at Pear Mountain Park is entitled to our most hearty thanks, combined to make a day of pleasure and instruction zAiich zeill not soon be forgotten : The day at Xezv York City zi'ith the tlying automobile trip over Greater Nezv York zAth the luncheon at Zo- ological Park zi'ill long be a pleasant memory to those who were fortunate enough to be there and zve shall ever be indebted to the Nezv York Zoological Society, to Hon. Cabot Ward, president of the Nezv York Park Com- mission, ami other .Xezv ]'ork officials for the pleasant day at A'^t*.' York : Therefore, be it resolr-ed that the American Associa- tion of Park Superintendents extends its most heart\ thanks and appreciation to all those persons zvho con- tributed tozeard the succ-e.ws of our 1914 convention. F. L. MULFORD, W. H. MANNING. R. W. COTTERILL, Special Committee. Some little confusion arose during the past month over the change of the official organ, inasmuch as the ChT{Dnicle did not reach our members until a few days after a notice from our former official organ to the effect that hereafter the memliers, by action of the executive committee, wnuld be required to pay their own subscriptions and requesting a remittance or a pledge to remit. This partial statement of fact had our members guessing for a few days until the Chromct.f. arrived with the announcement that as the new official organ of the association it would thereafter be sent to every member in good standing. Some of our niembers have written the president and secretary expressing the view that the executive committee had made a mistake in changing the official organ. In justice to the committee and for the infor- mation of our members a brief explanation is in order. Our arrangement with the CiiuoNicrj;; will result in a saving to the association of several hundred dollars per year over our previous official organ arrangement, in that our subscription fee per member is twenty-five cents per year less, and we save the former expense of the printing of our convention proceedings and bul- letins. The committee also felt that our former official organ was not giving park matters sufficient attention and that its cemetery features predominated. The com-- mittee believes the Chroxicle to be a much more at- tractive publication, and one which will serve our in- terest satisfactorilv. The executive committee be- lieves that it acted for the best interests of the associa- tion. Members are urged to contribute articles for our section of this magazine, as we have all the reason- able space at our disposal which we care to use. Many of our members are specially qualified to write on cer- tain subjects which would be of general interest. If ^ou can and will write a special article on some subject pertinent to park administration, do so and send it either to the secretary or the editor, and it will take its place in this department. And don't forget to send in photos. The editor says he don't care how much he spends for cuts, if he can get good phi:)tos, so ha\'e 3'our article illustrated. If you can't or don't care to write a special ariicle, write the secretary a letter occasionally, tell him what vou are doing that is new or of interest to fellow mem- iiers and he will wi>rk it intu the news notes cif this department. \Xe are going to get out of this magazine just what we put in it. so everybody help. The article started in last month's Chronicle on "Park Department Organization" by F. L. Olmsted, is a gem and should be read by every member. If you missed the first instalment, get out last month's issue and read it, and if you can get your commissioners to read it, it will do them good, as it has some good, sound, practical advice to commissioners which every super- intendent or secretary will appreciate. Members out of emplnyment. seeking employment, etc., are urged to communicate the fact to the secre- tary. Members knowing of openings or prospective openings should also notify the secretary so that he may be of service in putting disengaged members in touch with prospective employment. Communica- tions along this line will be treated as confidential or given publicity as the writer may direct. If vou have any question or problem regarding park administration on which you want the advice of fel- low members, send in your question to the .secretary; 220 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. he will get comments from several members on the subject and questions and answers will be published later for the benefit of all. Your problem is most likely some other member's problem, and yet one that has been solved by other members. A question box will bring out things which are bound to be helpful to many. Now send in your questions and we'll start a question box next month. It's up to you. If you have not paid your dues for the current fiscal year, do so promptly, so that the association may con- duct its business on a cash basis. Many of our members have deferred paying their dues until the end of the year or at the convention. To illustrate what this means, it may be mentioned that several hundred dollars of last year's bills had to await the convention receipts before being paid. This system is all wrong and impairs the credit of the association. Our income is not sufficient to accu- mulate a surplus as our dues are nominal, and as it does not cost an\ more to pay them in advance or early in the year, members should try and remit early. The secretary has sent a due bill to every member nut paid up. and hopes for a prompt response. If you did not attend the convention at Newburgh. you did not get one of those neat five color enameled official buttons of the association. The secretary has a supply on hand, and they will be mailed out to all mem- bers who remit fifty cents, the cost price. They were sold at this rate at the convention, and all proceeds go to the association funds. Members of the association who have severed their connection with park work or otherwise, and have re- quested that their membership be discontinued, are as follows : C. H. Guengerich, former park commissioner, Jt)p- lin, AIo. ; Herbert Greensmith, former superintendent of parks, Cincinnati, Ohio; Phelps Wyman, landscape architect, Minneapolis, Minn. ; Myron H. ^Vest, park Ijuilder, Chicago, 111.; E. W. Robinson, former park commissioner, Denver, Colo.; J. F, MacPherson, for- mer jjark commissioner, .Springfield, 111. PARK DEPARTMENT PERSONALS Charles A. W'hittet, for ten 3'ears superintendent of parks at Lowell, Mass., is disengaged and on the look- out for an appointment, as is Richard Iwerson, former- Iv superintendent at Calgary, Canada. Frank Brubeck, for many years superintendent of parks at Terre Haute, Indiana, has severed his con- nection with the park department, owing to a political situation brought about liy a partisan mayor who evi- dently is not bniad enough or wise enough to know that park administration and politics should not be coupled together. Mr. Brul)eck was a regular attendant at our conven- tions, one of last year's vice-presidents, and an honor to the profession and the association. He has entered another line of work for the present, but it is to be hoped that he will sooner or later return to park work and in anticipation of this he intends to retain his memljership with the association, as does Secretary Wood Posey who. with Superintendent Brubeck, was also a victim of the political changes. TREE SURGERY DEMANDS RELIABLE MEN. A cavity in a decayed tree is something like a cavity in a decayed tooth. If an unreliable tree surgeon only par- tially removes the diseased part of the wood, uses no antiseptic coatings in the cavity and fills it up with cement the tree is no more cured than is a person whose decayed tooth has not been properly filled by the dentist. The only difference is that after the tree cavity has been covered, if the- work has not been properly done, the tree has no way of making its trouble known except by further decay. \\'ithin the last decade there has been a great increase in demand for surgeons to repair decaying shade trees, but the possibilities of practicing fraud in this profession like the instance just cited have tem[jted so man)- unre- liable people to double in the science that tree surgery has fallen somewhat into disrepute. The U. S. Department of Agriculture realizes that tree surgery should occupy a high place in the estimation of the public, and has re- cently issued a pamphlet entitled, "Practical Tree Sur- gery," wherein suggestions are made for improvement along these lines. As in all professions, there are reliable and unreliable men and firms competing for contracts in tree surgery. In recent years so many occasions have arisen when prop- erty owners felt the necessity of calling in commercial tree surgeons to attend to their trees that there are now numerous firms, both honest and dishonest, engaged in the work. Besides the careless filling of decayed cavities in trees, there are other practices of certain so-called "tree sur- geons"' that do the trees more harm than good. Many of these "surgeons," as well as the people who employ them, do not realize the danger arising froniTre'sh injuries to a tree. The tree owner should realize that prompt attend- ance to fresh injuries will largely do away with the need of tree surgery 15 or 20 years hence. The tree sur- geons must realize that if they make fresh injuries in the living bark, when treating decayed portions, they are lay- ing the tree open to more dangers of infection that will result in further decay. Just as a person is subject to infection through cuts and scratches, trees are rendered subject to infection by having their living bark torn. Notwithstanding this, many tree surgeons use pruning hooks and climbing spurs and cut fresh gashes in the tree. To break off small dead branches a workman may use a long pruning hook as though it were a club. In doing so the hook usually causes injury to the young bark near by. Every new wound may furnish a new point of entrance for decay, even though the old dead branch may have been removed. The use of climbing spurs shotdd be particularly avoid- ed on trees in vicinities where there is a contagious in- fection. Thev simply render the treated tree all the more liable to catch the disease which is "in the air." The U. S. Department of Agriculture is suggesting a plan that may help put tree surgery on a better basis. ( 1 ) No climbing spurs shall be used on any part of a tree. (2) The shoes worn b\- the workmen shall have soft rubber bottoms. (3) Ordinary commercial orange shellac shall be ap- plied to cover the cut edges of sapwood and cambium (which is the soft formative tissue from which the new- wood and bark originate) within five minutes after the final trimming cut is made. (4) All cut or shellacked surfaces shall be painted with commercial creosote, followed by thick coal tar. (5) All diseased, rotten, discolored, water-soaked, or insect-eaten wood shall be removed in cavity work before it is filled. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 221 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK. The Fall Exhibition of tiiis society will be held at the American Museum of Natural History from October 30 to November 3, inclusive. An invitation is extended to all to make exhibits. Prizes are offered for chrysanthe- mums, both plants and flowers, roses, carnations, foliage and decorative plants, new plants, and orchids, both plants and flowers. Three prizes of $50, $35 and $15 are offered for twelve vases of cut chrysanthemum blooms, in twelve varieties, three blooms of each, stems eif^hteen inches long-. This should bring out keen com])etition. The schedule folh.iws : GlCORCK V. N.VSH, Secretary. Schedule of Classes and Premiums, Annual Fall E.xhibition, New York, October 30 to November 3, 1914. CHRYSANTHEMUMS— PLANTS. Open to All. Specimen Bushes. Ill nut li'ss tliiiii l-l-iiiili pcits. Class Kg. First. Second. A-1— Yellow !?.)n.(10 $.3.5.00 A-2— White SO.OO 3.1.00 A-a—Pink 30.00 .35.00 A-4— Any other color .50.00 3.5.00 A-5 — Anemone or single, any color 30.00 15.00 Sweepstakes, for finest and best tSiisli Plant Silver Oip This is the society's cup valiieii at $100. In not mine than 14-incli pots. A-6— Yellow 2.-..00 1.5.00 A-7— White 25.0(t 15.1)0 A-8— Pink : 25.0(1 15.00 A-O—Any other color 25.00 15.00 Specimen Standards. Not less than 4 feet in diameter, in net less tlinn M-inch pnts. A-10— Any color 20.00 15.00 Specimen, Odd Shape. All — Anv color 20.00 15.00 A-22- A-23- A-24 A-25 A-26 A-27 A-28- A-29 A-30 Five A-31 A-32 A-33 B-7- B-8- B-9- B-IO B-11 B-12 For Private Growers. Stems not less than 2 feet. -Six white 5.00 -Six pink 5.00 -Six yellow 5.00 -Six red 5.00 —Six any other color 5.00 —Vase of fifteen, one or more varieties, ar- ranged for efiect, any other foliage pei'mit- ted. (Exhibitors may supply their own vases.) ".;_ 15.00 Stems 18 inclies. —Twelve vases, in twelve varieties, 3 blooms of each 50.00 35.00 Stems not over 15 inches, all named kinds. —Collection of twentv-fonr varieties, one of each variety ". 20.00 —Collection of six varieties, one of each va- riety 5.00 Orowers with over 2,500 square feet of "lass not eligible, terminal sprays to a vase, not less than 5 flowers to —Collection of Pompons, twenty-four varieties. 0.00 —Collection of Pompons, twelve varieties 3.00 —Collection of singles and Anemones, or either, twelve varieties 3.00 ROSES— CUT FLOWERS. For Private Growers. -Twelve American F.eiinty fi.OO -Eighten red 5.00 -Eighteen white 5.00 —Eighteen pink 5.00 —Eighteen yellow 5.00 —Vase of 50 assorted, arranged for ell'ect 15.00 2. .50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 10.00 15.00 10. on 2.511 a spra> . 4.011 2.00 2.O1) CARNATIONS— CUT FLOWERS. For Private Growers. C-9— Eigliteen white 3.00 2.00 C-10— Eighteen Enchantress shade 3.00 2.00 C-11— Eigliteen Winsor shade 3.00 2.00 C-12— Eighteen Lawson shade 3.00 2.00 C-13— Eighteen scarlet 3.00 2.00 ,C-14— Eighteen crimson ......,.- a.OU 2.00 C- 15— Eighteen white ground, variegated 3.00 2.00 Sweepstakes, for tlie finest vase Bronze Medal FOLIAGE AND DECORATIVE PLANTS. Open to All. E-I — Group of Stove and Oreenhouse I'laiits. ar- ranged for artistic effect, to occupy 200 square feet ' 75.00 M.m E-2— Exhibit of Bay Trees, six pairs 40.00 .30.00 E-3 — Exhibit of Conifers, twentj'-five plants, twenty-five varieties 30.00 20.00 E-4 — Specimen of Ilegonia filoire de Lorraine 5.00 2,50 E-5 — Specimen of Begonia, any other variety 5,00 2.50 E-6 — Specimen of Chrysalidocarpus Intcscens ( Areca lutescens) " 20.00 10.00 E-7 — Specimen of Hovvea Forsteriana (Kentia For- steriana) 20.00 10.00 E-8— Specimen of Tthaids flabelliformis 10.0(1 5.(K) E-9— Specimen of anv otlier palm 20.00 lO.OO E- 10— Specimen of c'ibotium Schiedei 10.00 5.00 Ell — Specimen of Uavallia Fijiensis, or its varie- ties .' 10.00 .5.00 E-12 — Specimen of Nephrolepis exaltata Boston- iensis 5.00 3.00 E-13 — Display of Nephrolepis exaltata and its varie- ties, one jihint of each, in not over 8-inch pots 20.00 10.00 E-14— Trained S[)ecinien of Engli.sh Ivy 5.(K) 3.00 NEW PLANTS. G-1 — .\ny suHieieiitly nicritui ions New Plant, not yet in coiniiierr'i' Silver Medal ORCHIDS— PLANTS. For Private Growers. H-10— Cith dues, tuMch are $2.00 annuAlly, including sabscHp- ii'on "to the Gardeners' Chronicle, the official organ of the Association THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. THE GARDENERS' POINT OF VIEW. Editor Gakdexeks' Cuho-nicle: May I be permitted to add a little to the controversy regarding "Gardeners' Grievances"? Such conditions as mentioned by Mr. Listen do obtain in this country, but' as I have not worked in a sufficient number of places to ascertain whether such conditions prevail I can at least sal'ely say tliat they exist, and exactly as described; for I have lived in a damp unsanitary old shade, vermin infested, and many jnany times taken a bath in tlie stoke-hole or greenliouse. But wliat of it ? Merely a means to an end, and all In the game. Why think of those experiences if tlicy cause bitterness of feeling'; Comparisons are sometimes odious, im- pressions sometimes misleading, and it is well to accept conditions anywliere as we iind tlicm unless we are in the position to alter them. In wliatever country one may Ije there are many redeem- ing features wliicli will more than compensate one for the tilings that are to us strange or not tlie same as they are at liome. Mr. Siston has been rather mifortunate in his experience, while Mr. Smith in his faiily wide experience has been fortunate: neither gentlemen have been liurt, and personally I have enjoyed myself during over a quarter of a century of "ups and downs," with plenty of the latter: but there is no reason why a temporary state of affairs should make one eternally optimistic or pessi- mistic, and to the young gardener I would say that our calling is the very best tliat ever existed. Your position at present may not be exactly wliat you want, but your mind is smouldering, and will presently break out and tlien you will be kicked out or leave your position voluntarily; in either event you will probably make progress and in reminiscent moods look back witli a smile at your past tribulations. VERNOX T. SHEUWOOD. Xew Hampshire. Editor GAKi)t';NEU.'5' Chkomcle: Will .you allow me the use of a portion of 3-our space to offer a few words of comment on the contention of "Another Assist- ant" in August issue of Cukoxicxe? I agree with "Another Assistant" he should be qualilied to strike for himself after fifteen years, providing in tliat fifteen years he has been given opportunity' to round out his experience under an efficient head gardener that would be competent to judge of an assistant's efficiency. The writer being a graduate of the old school has had some experience of the unfairness shown to efficient gar- deners. Very often a competent gardener has to work under ■conditions unfavorable to his profession. Often head gardeners and superintendents are lacking ability and practical knowledge; consequently are not able to judge a gardener's efficiency, not being qualilied themselves. I agree with our worthy secretary that tlie gardener should be recognized for what he is worth, and efficiencv sliould count, ;is in all other vocations. CONSTANT KEADER. To tlie Secretary' S. A. G.: The recent controversy on the question of cheap gardeners has brought forth evidence which no doubt infers that many of our assistant gardeners are very much dissatisfied with their lot. We are also asked to believe that the dissatisfaction is due to the indifl'erence at our horticultural societies and gardeners in gen- eral. It is to the advantage of most gardeners to excite the in- terest of their assistants, otherwise results cannot be expected. If any indifference is exhibited by gardeners towards assistants it is through the horticultural societies, the really active mem- bers of which are chiefly gardeners. Here meetings are arranged, ilower shows held, papers on various phases of horticulture read and discussed, but the assistant seems to think that he is not In it, save as a silent listener. True, much valuable knowledge can be obtained by being sucli, but in this age of young men that is not enough ; they demand something more, and many of our horticultural societies are realizing this fact, and have in many 'cases inaugurated a class for competition among assistants. Tliis is a move in the right direction, and shows a spirit that it would be well to foster, for we feel sure that the good to be -derived from a closer interest and co-operation between garden- ers and their assistants would inevitably result in the upraising -of the profession. I beg, therefore, to be allowed to offer a few suggestions where- by I tliink our horticultural societies may 'by a little co-operation with the gardeners arouse the now latent interest and enthusi- asm of some of the assistants. I would suggest that of the regular meetings held by our horticultural societies one night (say once a quarter) be set aside to be known as assistants' night. On these nights an exhibition could be made of any kind of plants or cut flowers that had been under the care of the assistant for at least three months pre- >'iously. When a show would not be practicable a paper on some phase of horticulture could be presented by some assistant or an im- promptu debate started by several of the assistants, the sum- ming up always to be done by the gardener. At the shows a prize could be awarded to the best exhibit, or a scale of points drawn up and a record of the points awarded kept until the end of the year and a prize given the highest number of points. Of course it must lie understood that the winner at each respective exhibition might be required to furnish data as to the metliods of culture adopted, etc. ^^'e present these suggestions for what they are worth, but we have no doubt that they could be either modified or elaborated, as eircnmstances demand, and be of inestimable benefit to all con- cerned. It perhaps demands much of the gardeners, but we feel sure that they would be amply repaid bj' the greater interest displayed and consequently the better results obtained by their assistants. Moreover, herein lies a valuable course of preliminary educa- tion and instruction which will be of no small assistance to those who would like to compete for the N. A. G. diploma of efficiency, which if not just vet is bound to come with the onward march of progress. " INTERESTED ONE. YOUNG GARDENERS. A striking passage in the address which Sir Harry Veitch de- livered to the Horticultural Trades Association recently, was one in which he referred to the difference in the young gardeners of today and those of former years. He regrettd the lack of keen- ness and interest in their work displayed by so many. Sir Harrys' words came vividlj' to my mind when reading the address deliv- ered by Principal Whyte to the students at the New College, Edinburgh, at the close of last sesson. The Principal took for his subject "Thomas Boston and the Lessons of His Life." Thomas Boston was a famous old Scottish divine whose works had a great vogue in Scotland last century. One of his most famous works was called "The Fourfold State." Principal Whyte quoted what a famous Scottish minister — Dr. Andrew Thomson, of Edinburgh — said of that book. " 'The Fourfold State' had found its way over all the Scottish Lowlands. From St. Abb's Head to the remotest point in Galloway, it was to be seen side by side with the Bible and Bunyan on the shelf in every peasant's cottage. The shepherd bore it with him, folded in his plaid, up among the silent hills; the ploughman in the valleys refreshed his spirit with it, as with heavenly manna, after his long day of toil. The influence, which began with the humble classes, as- cended like a fragrance into the mansions of the Lowland laird and the Border chief, and carried with it a new and a hallowed joy." In those days the sons of such shepherds and ploughmen were the young men who recruited the ranks of gardening. The profession of gardening seemed to open up a career for them with greater prospects than that of their fathers, and thousands embraced it. Trained in such an atmosphere and endowed with "the power of work," can we be surprised that they impressed themselves on the mind of Sir Harry Veitch? He must have come across hundreds of them, because, true to the instincts of their race, they are kept "haudin' sooth." — William Cuth- bertson in Gardciia'S' Clironiclc. Enslaud. Editor Gakdeners" Chronicle: I was so interested in reading the article by Arthur Smith on "The History of the Garden Profession and Its Progress," that I feel that I cannot let it pass without congratulating Mr. Smith on it; especially in regard to his reference to tlie gardeners' guild as organized in England. Having belonged to a guild, I can speak from experience of the advantage of being a guild member. First, a person must be qualified: second, a guild is generally recognized as a safe method of proi'Uring men of ability; and as there were guilds for people in different walks of life in England, they proved of great benefit to those who were efficient and for those who required efficiency. "CONSTANT READER." THE GARDENER. A King he is, witli an army Of coutitless blooms, of surpassing beauty : They do not have to fight very hard : Bearers of peace, they capture every hearth, \\'ith their message of syntpathy and love, Creating bounds, no power can dissolve. A King he is, who seed, plant and grow Flowers that so many blessings cati bestow. —Rodda. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 79! QUERIES and ANSWERS Wc believe the greatest good can be accomplished for the greatest number, by instituting a query column; or an exchange of expe- riences, on practical propositions, by our readers. You are invited to contribute questions, and answer others. Each question as receii'ed will be given a number, the question- er's name will not be published, but the source of the answer will be giz'en unless otherwise requested. We all have something we would like to know more about. Here is your opportunity to ascertain somebody's experience in just that matter. Nothing will tend to better fellowship than helping each other. 'J iiht- ii(i:\intJ^e of this "Qucslifu Box." Has any reader of the Chronicle ever grown the Princess of Wales Violet or any other single flowering kind in a cold frame successfully? If so, would they please give their methods? — S L., Penn. lii reply to the query, C'iiii single; violets be grown successfully in rolil frames? violets can be grown successfully, providing the following methods are carried out: In the lirst place, collect enough leaves and put in bottom of frame to the depth of 0 inclu's. These will keep a steady warmth to the new soil until the plants have established themselves. The soil should consist of a good, turfy loam, well broken up, with a liberal supply of bone meal and wood ashes added. A little spent mushroom manure is beneficial to help lighten the soil. Mix thoroughly, and simplj- put enough into the frame to plant the stock. It is a mistake to use too great a quantity, as this does not dry out fast enough, causing stagnation. See that you have tlie plants well up to the sash wiiicli gives them as much light as possible. The location of the frames would be best facing south, with a good protection from the cutting north winds, which are very prevalent during the winter months. Good, clean, healthy stock, using great care in planting, is one of the chief things to bear in mind, as you have here the foundation of your success. If your plants are grown at home, you will be able to plant with a good ball of soil, and these will go right away without a check. Keep the frame closed for a few days, and gradually bring them to outside conditions by admitting air according to the weather. I'rotection from Frost : Secure some light stable litter and pack same well around the frames right up to the sashes and keep adding more as the material settles down. Have wooden shutters and burla]) mats in a handy place for covering the sash, whenever a frost is imminent, but do not cover unless you arc I'eally obliged to as it is known that violets will stand Vi degrees or more frost, without protection. If you find at any time your plants had not been covered over night, and the plants are frozen hard, spray tliem with cold water and cover to protect the sun'.s rays from striking them. J)o this the first thing in the morning, and after a few licjurs you can uncover, providing the weather conditions permit, anil you will find they will be in a normal condition. One of the chief factors to bear in mind is that the violet is a fresh air loving plant, and dislikes to be cuddled uji during ordinary weather. Watering is also to lie done with call'. When the frames are all planted, give them a thorough watering, and later on you must take advantage of a. nice, warm morning to do this to allow them to dry ovit before night. I have seen violets covered up entirely for over three weeks in the very severe weather, and upon opening tliem up they were covered with blooms. Princess of Wales is. I liiink, the best single for cold- frame cult\u-e, as it will stand more frost than other varieties. Gov. Herrick is also good. comiHg in eiirlier. !•;. ItOBINSOX, Groton, Conn. well cultivated. .Medium loamy or stony soil is best, liy or near the end of Septendjcr is tlie time to bring them in, with medium balls to them. Handle carefully. If soil is dry, give the plants a good soaking one week ahead. As for the frames. If location and soil is naturally well ilrained, nothing else is needeil. If not well drained it must be made so. Any material suitable for such pur])ose will do. 15ut by no means fresh manure. Five to six inches of soil is required. .Should be well rotten loamy soil, sweet and possiblj' some well rotten ma- nure. Try to have plants at least 8 inches from glass, 1 foot will not Inu-t. Make frames face south to southeast. Give gooil dip to glass. Study to have things so that you can keep frost out, no matter how' cold the weather may be. Have the best of covers and shutters, so you can keep things dry. If needed put an enve- lope of dry leaves, straw, maniue or fodder round the frame. Anything to keep out the cold. Do not ex])ect violets to bloom if the sun does not shine. But if you liavc a fair amount of sun- shine, and you keep out the IrosI, and \Miler ^paiingly and on bright mornings only, if you do not forget aii-ing wduMiever possible, keeping things clean always, then you ought to have success. Some seasons the writer could pick flowers from Septem- ber until April constantly, at other seasons not so well. But it is always worth while, and the show and the joy you ought to have during March is inexpressible. .1. W. :\II:|;TZ, Kosemont, Pa. In answer to S. L. Penn, page 100, GAitDENEiiiS" Chronicle, September issue, the writer has been growing violets, single and double, all kinds, since 1870, in coldframes. Has gi'own Prin- cess of Wales. But THE violet is I>uxonne, at least in our locality, 11 miles west of Philadelphia. Have been gi'owing it since its introduction, simultaneously with Prini'ess of Wales. I have seen the latter do better in houses than the first, but it stands no comparison with Luxonne in tlie coldframe, at least with us. Any kind, including Luxonne, will vary somewhat from year to year, depending on climatic conditions and — upon llu; care exer- cised in treatment. To insure success, note: Be sure to get "young" ofi'shoots with nire white roots to them if ])ossible at end of March or the best young plants obtainable, if you cannot get the first. If jiotted plants, shake dirt olT. ex- amiiu\ throw away old stumpy things, 7nuck widl what you keep and heel in carefidly outside, proteeting against sharp late fi-osts. As soon as truck patch or field is ready for planting, plant out carefully, but give another mucking before doing so. They ought to grow then. Plant at least 2 feet apart each way. Do not let them grow out of bounds, but sucker oecasioiuilly. Keep clean. In r<'iily to the query of S, L,. Prineess of Wales violets can bo successfully grown in eolil frames in Pennsylvania; at least I have never had any trouble in doing so at Reading. Of course, a continual supply of flowers depends upon the severity of the winter. Last winter there were only two weeks in which flowers were not cut, but in the previous one, when we had the temperature as low as 22 below zerov there were no blooms for aljout six weeks during the severest weather. .\t this period, although the frames were well banked with mainire and I'overed with thick mats and boards, the ground inside the frames froze to a depth of three inches. This, however, did not hurt the plants in the least, as the subsequent cut of flowers left nothing to be desired. Witii the advent (if hot sun in the spring tlie glass sliouhl lie removed altogether and lath or clice^e-chitli shading sulislituted, so as to extend the llowering period as long as possible into April. As soon as Ikiwers cease the clumps should be lifted and the out- side growth of single shoots having a few roots taken and planted in a bed of rich soil a foot ajiart eaeii way and shadeil witli l.ith screens. Some prefer rooting runners in sand, but as all runners are best kept cut ofl' there should be none of them to root. I have never found any ditference in results from divisions or runners. It is not, however, absolutely necessary to plant the above in an outside bed, as they may be just as well put directly into the frame in wdiich they are to flower. In this case it is well to set a few outside to provide for casualties. In case the frames are required for something else then this may be deferred until .\ugust or September, but the former is to be preferred as flowers generally commence to appear by the sec- ond or third week of the latter month. S. L. can buy field grown plants now, and he will soon have fiowers. Frequent cultivation and watering when necessary are in order at all times. For soil I have lieeii ill the habit of using that taken from the benches in which mums and snapdragons have been grown the previous winter, taking out a foot of the old soil from the frames. To each bushel of bench soil I add one peck of screened rotten leaves, V, peck of shredded cattle manure and 1 pound of bone meal, working the whole thorouglily with the soil left in the frame. It is well to have this done a week or two before jilaut- ing. The top of the soil in the frame should be a foot below the glass in front. Fifteen plants are snIVicient for a frame G x 3 feet. After planting in the frame cultivation must be continued for which purpose' one of the hand weeders is a good fool. Keej) runners and all leaves showing the smallest spot of disease removed. Water in the moniinu thoroughly as often as necessary. .\s soon as the temperature is liable to" go below 40 at night the sash should be put on. siviiig all air possible during the day. Upon a bright sunny day in November I usually apply 1 pound of bone meal and a'l/j peck of sheep manure to each frame, working it into the soil with the wceder, giving after a thorough watering. This watering is generally the last which will be re- quired until the lengthei'iing days of the new year. Frames should face anv way from southeast to south, and be well slieltered from northwest and north winds. Banking should not be put olf too loiiL' so tliat as much of the warmth absorbed by the soil during the summer may be preserved as long as ^"jlats and boards should be in readiness to use as necessary. The latter can be hoUL'ht the same size as the sash, or they can easilv be made at home of quarter-inch match boarding. Boards- 224 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. are best put over the nuits as tliey keep rain from the latter and facilitate the removal of snow. Covers should be removed for at least part of every day, excepting the frost should be suf- ficiently severe to freeze the ground inside the frames in which case the cover may remain until a rise in temperature, liut this rarely happens in Pennsj'lvania. Give all the air possilde. taking advantage of ^unnv days in midwinter to clean up the plants and pick the flowers. " ARTHUR SMITH. Heading, Pa. ORCHIDS "The article in the September 'Chronicle' on Aquatic Gardening interested me, but why, may I ask, do we find so little aquatic planting on the country es- tates? Is it because gardeners in general aie not famil- iar with them? My gardener frankly confesses that he does not understand their method of growing and that it is the work of a specialist. Can you recommend any practical books on the subject from which he can se- cure some knowledge on growing them?" — Estate Owner, Conn. "Can any of your readers recommend a successful remedy for ridding a badly infested house of the cat- tleya fly? I have tried spraying and fumigating and even cutting the fly out of the leaf, but I do not seem to be able to get the better of it. Is hydrosyanic-acid gas safe to use in an orchid house, and would this be effective?" — L. M., Missouri. "I would like to get some information on the culti- vating of the blueberry, which I understand is finely grown on some of the estates in Massachusetts. They grow to perfection in our section in the wild state, but we do not seem to succeed in cultivating them suc- cessfully. Any information you can give me regard- ing their culture will be appreciated." — U. M., Nova Scotia. for JI?l0UJrr-#l)ouis, Horae- ^liouis, iFatra anh (^ti^tv lEu^nta THE collections of prize cups and other pieces of sterling silver and silver plate for trophies, shown by the International Store, are the most extensive and varied to be found in New York City, as they represent the products of the many great factories of the International Silver Company. Trophy committees will find wnnderiul satisfaction in select- ing from such an assemblage, which meets every requirement as to style and form, and ranges from the simplest pieces up to the most elaborate designs, es- pecially created for important events. International Silver Company Succeeding THc MERIDEN Co. ^''ttW^ 49-5 1 W. 34th St., Through to 68-70 W. 35th St., New York We are Specialists iu Orchids, we ciilrct. gruw, Import, export and sell orchids exclusively. If you are in the iiiarket for Orchids we solicit your inquiries and orders. CHtalogues and sprcial lists on applifrtiini. t Orchid Growers and Importers, SUMMIT, N. J. Lager & Hurrel ^iiiiiiiiiiii!iii:iiiiii!iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii!iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiii;ii)itiiiiim I WATER LILIES and SUB-AQUATIC PLANTS | § Trees, buslies and pen'miiu! plants, everything for the Water Garden ^ E or artificial pond. It' you are conteinplatini^ tlie construction of a h § pond write me and I Avill ^ive you the benefit of my 25 years" experi- E § cnce. Send for my Cati'l'*?, coutainiuij the best collection of Water p p Lilies, Hardy r.^d Tender; Hardy Old-fashioneQ Garden Flttwers. Hybrid § § Tea Roses, Evergreen .T;i]''""ii Azaleas, lilic^lodendrons and many choice = = Novelties. Scud for r.niilc. ".MaUiii;; a Water Oard.-n," 55 cents piepaid. = I WM. TRICKEa, Water Lily Specialist, Arlington. N. J. | H^iiiiiiiliiiijii|]|iiiiiliiIliiiiiiiiilitriiii'iiii;iiii'iiii:iiii:iiiiN^^^ rose: growers With a background of fifty years' experience CONARD a JONES CO. West Grove, Pa. THE HIGHWAY TO PERENNIALS LEADS STRAIGHT TO THE PALISADES NURSERIES. There you will find .ill kimls ami vmi cau take your pick from the )iest (hat is UTOwn. Maxiiunui Qunlitv at Minimum Trices. Write W. R. Clucas. ILlua^-rr. THE PALIS.A.DES MUFSEBIES, INC., SPAKKILL, N. Y. glllllllllllllll.lllUllllllll>IIIIIIIIUIIIIIIIIIUIIUlUIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIUIInilllllllUIIIIIUIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIUIIIIIIIIIIIIIIi!IIIIIHI.IIIIIIIIIIIIIIUIIIIIIIIIIII j B. HAMMOND TRACY | I Gladiolus Specialist | I \A/ErNH/\/V\, I\\fKSSf\Ct-HJ SETTS j aiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiNiiiiii»iiuiniiuiiiiiiiii:iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii!iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiininiiiiiiiii^ piiiiiiiiUii:iiiiiiiiniiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii[iiiiiiiiiiii!ii»iiiiiiiiiiii!iiii{iiiiiiiiiiiiiN^ I VAUGHAN'S SEED STORE f ^: Our complete Autumn Catalogue is ready. g 1 Ask (or it at Chicago or New York J I 43 Barclay St. 3 1-33 W. Randolph St. | = New York. Chicago = ^iiiiiiiiiiiiniiniiniiiiuiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiniiiHiiiiH^ i^iiiiiiiiiiiiiii:iiiiiiiiii':iiiiiniiiiiiiinmiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiii[iiiii:iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiN I HILL'S EVERGREENS | = Send for Price-list. Mention this magazine. p D. HILL NURSERY CO. I Evergreen Specialists. Largest Growers in America, Box 305 Dundee, 111. i'llll]|l!]||IM!lllllllllllllllli:illlllllllllllllllllllllllllllillilllllllll{lll{l!!lllllllllllllllll|l1l!i:[llllllll1lli7 t:i|]iiiii!iiii;iiiiiiiiiiiii:{iii,iiii;iiii.iiiiiiiiii llli;illi;ilii:illi;illlli!ii:illl[lillllllllllli:illlllllllllll!llll[||||[|lilllllllllllillllllllllllll[lllllllll[||llllllil[m^^^^^ I ORNAMENTAL IRON WORK | I For Lawns and Gardens. | I Chas. C. Force & Son, | I LET US ESTIM.'^TE ON YOUR WANTS. | j Madison Iron Works, Madison, N. J. | €iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiNiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiim ^iiiiili;iiiiiiiiiiitimi!iiiiiiiii[iiiiiiiii[iiiiiiiiiiiiiiniinini)iiii:iiiniiNiN[iiiiiiiiiii'iiiiiiiiiiiiiiinniinii^ I H/\RRV^ B/\LD\A/HN | = Manufacturer of = I GREEN-HOUSE SHADING | I LATH ROLLER BLINDS | I 18 Church St. NEW ROCHELLE, N. Y. j ^iiiniiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiin:Hiuiiiiiiiiii|iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii:iiiiiiiiiiiiiiii!uiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiilK -gllliniiii'iiiiiii i!Niiniii[ii{inniiiiiii!iiiiiiiii!iii!iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii!iiiii»iiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiNiiniijiHiiniiii iiiiNiiiiiiiininiiiiiiiniiig I The Guide To Nature] I EDWARD F. BIGELOW. Managing Editor | 1 Devoted to Commonplace Natnre with Uncommon Interest. ^ I Subscription, $L00 per Year | I Published by The Agassiz Association, ArcAdiA | I SOUND BEACH, CONN. I SlIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIII Illlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIUIIIUIIIIUJIIIIIIIK THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 225 NATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS National Association of Gardeners. M. C. Ebel, secretary, Madison, N J. Society of American Florists and Orna- mental Horticulturists. John Young, secretary, 54 West 28th street, New York. American Carnation Society. A. F. J. Bauer, secretary, Indianapolis, Ind. American Gladiolus Society. L. Merton Llage, serrctary, Wi'lieslt'V, Mass. American Peony Society. A. B. Saunders, secretary, Clinton, N. Y. American Rose Society. B. Hammond, secretary, Fislikill, N. Y. American Sweet Pea Society. H. A. Bunyard, secretary, 342 West 14th street, New York. Chrysanthemum Society of America. Charles W. Johnson, secretary, Morgan Park, 111. LOCAL SOCIETIES Bernardsville Horticultural Society. W. G. Carter, secretary, Bernardsville, N. J. Meets first Tliursday every month. Hor- ticultural Hall, Bernardsville. N. J. Boston Gardeners' and Florists' Club. William N. Craig, secretary, Brookline, Mass. Meets third Tuesday every month, Horti- cultural Hall, Boston, Mass., 8 p. m. Connecticut Horticultural Society. Alfred Dixon, secretary, Wethersfield, Conn. Meets second and fourth Fridays every month. County Building, Hartford, Conn., 8 p. m. Dobbs Ferry Gardeners' Association. Heijry Kastberi;'. sccn'tiiry, Dolilis Ferry. N. Y. Meets first Saturday ra. h iiinntli. Dutchess County Horticultural Society. Herbert (i. Cuttan. soerelary. Wappinger Fails. Meets nt I'ougbkeepsie, N. Y.. second Wednesday every month except May and June. Elberon Horticultural Society. George Masson, secretary, Oakluirst. N. J. Meets first Monday every month. Fire Hall, Elberon, N. J., 8 p. m. Florists' and Gardeners' Club of Holyoke and Northampton, Mass. James Whiting, secretary, Amherst, Mass. Meets second Tuesday every month. Gardeners' and Florists' Club of Baltimore. N. F. Flittin, secretary. Paterson Park, Baltimore, Md. Meets second and fourth Monday every month. Florist Exchange Hall. The Horticultural Society of New York. Geo. V. Nash, secretary. Bronx Park, New York City. Meets monthly, irregular. May to Octo- ber, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, New York. November to April. American Museum of Natural History, 77th street and Columbus avenue. New York. Lake Geneva Gardeners' aud Foremen's Association. W. H. GrifBts, secretary. Lake Geneva, Wis. Meets lirst and third Saturday every month, October to April; lirst .Saturday every month. May to September, Horticul- tural Hall. Lenox Horticultural Society. G. H. Instone, secretary, Lenox, Mass. Meets first Saturday every month. Los Angeles County Horticultural Society. Henry W. Kruckeberg, secretary. Meets first Tuesday every month. Massachusetts Horticultural Society. William P. Rich, secretary, 300 Mas.sachu- setts avenue, Boston, Mass. Menlo Park Horticultural Society. Percy Ellings, secretary, ilenlo Park. Cal. Meets second Tluirsday each month. Monmouth County Horticultural Society. Harry Kettle, secretary, Fairhaven, N. J. Meets fourth Friday every month, Mon- mouth Boat Club, Red Bank, N. J. Montreal Gardeners' and Florists' Club. W. H. Horobin, secretary, 283 Marquette street. Meets first Monday every month, Mon- treal Florists Exchange. Morris County Florists' and Gardeners' Society. Edward J. Reagan, secretary, Morristovvn, N. J. Meets at Madison, N. J., second Wednes- day every month, except July and August, 8 p. m. Nassau County Horticultural Society. Ernest Westlake, secretary, Glen Cove, N. Y. Meets second Wednesday every month, Pembroke Hall, Glen Cove, N. Y., 6 p. m. New Bedford Horiicultural Society. Jeremiah M. Taber, secretary. Meets lirst Monday every month. New Jersey Floricultural Society. Geo. W. Strange, secretary, 216 Main street. Orange, N. J. Meets first Monday every month, Jr. 0. W. A. M. Hal!, Orange, N. J., 8 p. ni. New London Horticultural Society. John Huraphiey, secretary. New London. Conn. Meets second Thursday every month. 38 Main street. New London, Conn. Newport Horticultural Society. Wm. Gray, secretary, Newport, K. I. Meets second and fourth Tuesday every month. New York Florist Club. John Young, secretary. 54 W. 28th street. New York. Jicets second Monday every month. Grand Opera House. North Shore Horticultural Society. Jas. Slater, secretary, Manchester, Mass. Meets first and third Fridays every month. North Shore Horticultural Society. E. Bollinger, secretary. Lake Forest, 111. Meets first Friday every month, City Hal!. North Westchester County Horticultural and Agricultural Society. M. J. O'Brien, secretary, Mt. Kisco. N. Y. Meets third Thursday every month, ex- cept June, July and August, at 8 p. m.; December, January and February, 3 p. m., Odd Fellows Hall, Mt. Kisco. Oyster Bay Horticultural Society. Fred l\irkham, secretary. Glen Head, N. Y. Meets fourth Friday every montli, Board of Trade, Oyster Bay, N. Y., 8 p. m. Pacific Coast Horticultural Society. W. A. llolingholT, secretary, 711 Westbank Bldg. Meets first Saturday every month, Red- men's Bldg. Pasadena Horticultural Society. Geo. B. Kennedy, secretary, 497 Bradford street, Pasadena, Cal. Meets first and fourth Friday every month. Paterson Floricultural Society. Sebastian Hubschmitt, secretary, 61 Seventh avenue, Paterson, N. J. Meets first Tuesday every month, Ro maine Building, 8 p. m. Pennsylvania Horticultural Society. David Rust, secretary, Broad and Locust streets, Philadelphia, Pa. Meets third Tuesday every month. Horti- cultural Hall, 8 p. m. People's Park Cottage Gardeners' Associa- tion. John Ainscough, secretary, 4 Chestnut street, Paterson, N. J. Meets first and last Friday every month. Working Man's Institute, Madison avenue, Paterson, N. J. Philadelphia Florists' Club. David Rust, secretary. Broad and Locust streets, Philadelphia, Pa. Meets first Tuesday every month. Horti- cultural Hall, Philadelphia, Pa., 8 p. m. The Pittsburgh Florists' and Gardeners' Club. H. P. Joslin, secretary, Ben Avon, Pa. Meets first Thursday every month. Fort Pitt Hotel, Pittsburgh, Pa. Rhode Island Horticultural Society. A. C. Miller, secretary, 7 Irving avenue, Providence, R. I. Meets fourth Monday every month, Provi- dence Public Library, 8 p. m. Shelter Island Horticultural and Agricul- tural Society. l''red KirUliani. secretary. Shelter Island, X. ^■. :\leets lirst and third Thursdays every month. Southampton Horticultural Society. William McLeod, secretary. Meets first Thursday every month, Me- ?iiorial Ilall, So\itluunpton, N. Y. Tarrytown Horticultural Society. E. W. Neubrand, secretary, Tarytown,N. Y. Meets last Tuesday every month, except December, Corporation Building, Tarrytown, N. Y., 7:30 p. m. Annual meeting last Thursday in December. Tuxedo Horticultural Society. riiiiiiias \\ils<,n. si'cretary. Tuxedo Park, N". \'. Meets lirst Wednesday every month, I'.iii^li lions,.. Tuxedo Park. Washington, D. C, Florist Club. .]. L. M.i\lien\, seeretaiy. Wasliiniiton. D. C. Meets first Monday every month. Yonkcrs Horticultural Society. Thos. Mahoney, secretary, Yonkers, N. Y. Meets first Friday every month, Holly wood Inn, Yonkers, N. Y., 8 p. m. Westchester and Fairfield Horticultural Society. J. B. McArdle, secretary, Greenwich. Conn. Meets second Friday every month, Dor- an's Hall, Greenwich, Conn., 8 p. m. 226 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. GARDENERS DIARY American Carnation Society. Annual show, Biillalo, X. Y., Jamiai y l.i. American Institute, New York. Cluy- santlu'miini show, Xovfmber 4-G. Chrysanthemum Society of America. An- nual Sliow. Iniliaiiapolis. Iiul., November 6-8. Dutchess County Horticultural Society. Fall show, I'oiiuhkeepsie, X. Y.. October 29-30. Elberon Horticultural Society. Chry- santhemum show, Asbury Park, X'. J., No- vember 3, 4, 5, Horticultural Society of New York. An- nual fall show, American Museum of Natu- ral History. Fall show, October 30-Novem- ber 3. International Flower Show. New York, March 17-23. 191.3. Lancaster County Florists' Club, Lancas- ter, Pa. Fall show, November 5-7. Lenox Horticultural Society, Lenox. Mass. Fall Show, October 22 and 23. Massachusetts Horticultural Society, Hor- (iniltnral Hall, Boston, Mass. Chrysanthe- iiiuni show, X^ovember 5-8. Monmouth County Horticultural Society. Fall Show, Red Bank, X, .J., October 28 and 29. Morris County Gardeners' and Florists' Club. Fall show, JIadisoii, X. .J., Octobei 28, 29. Nassau County Horticultural Society, Glen Cove, N. Y'. Chrvsanthemum show. October 29. 30. New Jersey Floricultural Society, Orange, X. .J. Dalilia and fruit sliow, October 5. North Westchester Horticultural and Agricultural Society. Annual show, Mt. Kisco. X"". Y'., October 30-Xovember 1. Oyster Bay Horticultural Society, Oyster Ba^■. X. Y'. Chrysanthemum show. October 30. Pennsylvania Horticultural Society, Phila- delphia. Fall show, November 3-6. Tarrytown Horticultural Society. An- nual Fall Show, Tarrytown, N. Y^. Novem- ber 4-6. Tuxedo Horticultural Society. Fall show, Tu.\edo Park, N. Y'., October 30-November 1. Westchester and Fairfield Horticultural Society. Fall show, X'^ew Eochelle, N. Y''. November 4, 5, 6. NASSAU COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. The animal Dalilia Show of the Nassau County Horticultural Society was lield at Pembroke Hall, Glen Cove, L. I., on Tuesday, October 6. As far as a dahlia show went it was a failure, as in this section dahlias were so scarce that out of 14 classes there were only 4 classes entered for. Vegetables were especially good, Henry Gaut, gardener to Mr. H. L. P'ratt, taking two firsts" for col- lections. In one which was unlimited he staged 80 varieties. There was a good dis- play of outdoor flowers for a collection of 25 varieties and very close competition. In roses the entries were not quite so numer- ous, John W. Everitt, gardener to John T. Pratt, taking the silver cup for collection of outdoor roses, 12 varieties. 6 of each. In talile decoration, it being limited to dahlias, the entries wei'e bad, only two competitors, whicli did not bring out anything so good as I have seen when competition has been keener. Class 9. — Best 6 cactus dahlias, 6 varie- ties, short stems: 1st, H. Godwin (A. Colon, gardener). Class 10. — Best 6 decorative daldias. 6 v;u'ieties, short stems: Class 11. — Best vase 6 cactus dahlias, 1 variety, long stems: 1st, H. Godwin; 2nd, S. D. Brewster (John Fogerty, gardener). Class 12. — Best vase 6 decorative dalilias, 1 v-ariety, long stems: 1st, H. L. Pratt (Henry Gaut, gardener); 2nd, S, I). Brew- ster. Class 13. — Best vase 0 sliow dahlias, 1 variety, long stems: Class 14. — Best vase. 12 dahlias, anv type: 1st, S, D. Brewster: 2nd. C. D. Smithers (Pierre Charbonniad, gardener). Class 15. — Jlrs. E. M. Townsend, special, silver cup. to be won three times. Best col- lection of outdoor roses. 12 varieties. 6 flow- ers of each (members only) : 1st, T. T. Pratt (•John W. Everitt, gardener): 2nd, Harvey S. Ladew (.Jos. Adler, gardener). Class 16. — W. R. Kinnear special. Best 3 vases outdoor roses, 3 varieties, 12 of each: 1st, Harvey S. Ladew. Class 17. — Best vase 12 roses, mixed varie- ties: 1st. Percy Chubb (F. Honevman, gar- dener I: 2nd, f. H. Ottley (Jas. Macdonald. gardener). Class 18. — Jlrs. C. F. Cartledge, special. Best collection of outdoor flo\yers, not more than 25 varieties. 1 variety in vase: 1st. T. H. Ottley : 2nd, Howard' C. Smith; 3rd. W. ^^ Hester. Class 19. — Best vase of hardy asters, 12 ^tenis: Class 20. — Best vase gladiolus, 12 spikes: 1st, ^^'. V. Hester (Herman Boettcher, gar- dener) : 2nd, H. C. Smith. Class 21. — Best vase cosmos, white: 1st, Percy Chubb. Class 22. — Best vase cosmos, pink: 1st, Percy Oiubb. Class 23. — Best vase cosmos, red: 1st, Percy Chubb. Class 24. — Best vase antirrhinum. 12 spikes: 1st. W. V. Hester; 2nd. Percy Chubb. Class 25. — Mr. A, G. Hodenpyle. special. Best collection vesetables: 1st, H, L. Pratt; 2nd, H. C. Smith Ta. Walker). Class 26, — Shimpp & Walter Co,, special, silver cup. Best collection of 12 kinds vege- tables: Ist, A. G. Hodenpyle (Frank Petroc- cia) : 2nd, Percy Chubb. Class 27. — Weeber & Don, special, cut glass vase, value $10. Best collection 9 kinds of vegetables; 1st, H. L. Pratt; 2nd, A. G. Hodenpyle. Class 28.— ilr. John Wilk, special. Best 0 kinds vegetables: 1st. T. H. Ottley; 2nd, \\\ V, Hester. Class 29. — Carter's Tested Seeds Co., spe- cial. Best collection of salads, tasteful arrangement to count: 1st, A. G. Hodenpyle. Class 43.— Best 12 onions; 1st. H.' L. Pratt; 2nd, A. G. Hodenpyle. Class 44. — Best collection herbs. 12 varie- ties: 1st, Thos. L. Leeming: 2nd, H. L. Pratt. Class 45. — Best collection outdoor fruit, not more than 12 varieties, arrangement to count: 1st, H. L. Pratt; 2nd, W. V. Hester. Class 46. — Hohler Bros., special. Six va- rieties outdoor grapes, 2 of each: Ist, H. L. Pratt; 2nd, W. V. Hester. Class 47. — Best bunch greenhouse grapes, white: 1st, H. Godwin. Class 51. — Best 3 varieties pears. 0 of each; 1st, H. L. Pratt; 2nd, J. H, Ottley. Class 58. — Best plate any outdoor fruit: 1st. H. L. Pratt. Class 63. — Frank Counine. special. Best table decoration of dahlias to seat 6 per- sons: 1st. Mrs. J. H, Ottley (.James Mac- donald, gardener) ; 2ud. H. Godwin (A. Go- Ion, gjardener). Special prize to Jlrs. G. M. Townsend (.James Duthie, gardener) for large collec- tion of dahlias. Cidtural certificate to W. V. Hester for 4 varieties a])ples, 6 of each, and to M. Annskiecwiez for 6 peaches; hon- orable mention, A. G. Hodenpyle for Giant Fennel, and G. Hawkshaw for pumpkin. John Lewis Childs staged a collection of dahlias, and received honorable mention for seedling No. 2 and certificate of merit for Celoeia. wool flower (new), being a solid hard-like ball, with spravs of the plumosa type all round it. HARRY JONES, Corresponding Secretary. THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK. A very successful dahlia exliibition was held, in co-operation with the New Y'ork Botanical C>ardeu, in the iluseum building of that instituticni. on Saturday and Sunday, September 20 and 27. It was the first dahlia show given by the society. There was a fine display of tliis popidar flower in all its di- \crsc "forms and inlnr-. Tin- most striking ^lfflBPysl^E)®MEIiJ»y^ of growing ShaJe Trees and Shrabs produces specimens that will complete a landscape planting .in a few short months rather than in years. Cultiva- tion and re-cnltivation gives hardiness and vigor to the trees grown the Andorra Way. VISIT ANDORRA IN AUTUMN when the foliage is taking on gorgeous tints, and the effect you desire around your own place is shown in Nature's colors. Come by motor, train or troUey. If you require immediate planting suggestions, write us — we are here to serve in the Andorra Way. Our book- let free. Andorra Nurseries Wm. Warner Harper. Prop. Box 0. Oieslnul Pliiladelpliia, Pa. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 227 feature of the exhibition was llic display of blooms arranged by ilrs. Chapman, of West- erly, R. I. Two tables fourteen feet long were artistically decorated by her. One of these tables was espe<'ially pleasing, all the tints associated with the foliage and flow- ers of axitumn were so blended and arranged as to produce a most liarmnniniis effect. It was the ailmiration of all. 'I'he dahlia is so much more striking thus arranged than in the formal manner customary in exhibitions, that it is surprising it is not more fre- quently thus displayed. A meeting of the society was hehl on Saturday at 2.30, the president. Mr. T. A. Haveme.yer, presiding. Dr. Rritton, director- in-chief of the New York Botanical (iarden. gave a short talk on the origin of the name Dahlia, including a brief account of tlie dis- tribution of the genus. Dr. H. II. Uusby followed witli a short address on the home and environment of the dahlia, illustrated with lantern slides. At the conclusion of this a discussion on the present-day meth- ods of culture was led by Mr, I'. W. I'opp, in which many took part. Following is a list of the awards: Largest and best collection, flowers on short stems: Geo. L. Stillman, first; N. Harold Cottam & Son, second. Vase of 12 cactus: Head's Kergenfield Nurseries, first; P. W. Pupp, second; N. A. Miller, third. Vase of 12 decorative: W. A. Manda, first; N. A. Miller, second; N. Harold Cot- tam & Son, third. Vase of 12 showy or fancy: N, Harold Cottam & Son. first! Vase of 12 pompons: "\Vm, Shillaber, first; N. Harold Cottam & Son, second. Vase of 12 single or collarette: Geo. L. Stillman, first ; Head's Bergenfield Nurseries, second; N. A. Miller, third. Vase arranged for effect: P. W. Popp, first; Dr. M. A. Howe, second. All of the above in open-to-all classes. The following jirizes were awarded in the non-commercial classes: Collection of not over 50 blooms: P. W. Popp, first; Wni. P. Clyde, second. Vase of 8 blooms, cactus: P. W. Popp, first; Geo. D. Barron, second; Wm. P. Clyde, third. Vase of 8 blooms, peonv-flowered: P. W. Popp, first; Wm. P. Clyde, third. The sec- ond was not awarded. Vase of 8 blooms, decorative: P. W. Popp, first; Geo. D. Barron, second. Vase of 8 blooms, pompons: Wm. Shil- laber, first; Geo, D, Barron, third. The sec- ond was not awarded. Vase of 8 blooms, single or collarette; P. W. Popp, first; Geo. D. Barron, third. The second was not awarded. The following special prizes were awarded: AVm. Shillaber. for a collection of annuals, bronze medal; Jlrs. F. A. Constable, vase of Conoclinium eoelcslinum; W. Atlee Biirpee, certificate each for the new dahlias "Mrs. Hugh Dickson" and "Mrs. W. V.. Whineray," and special mention for "Mrs. (!eo. W. Kerr"; Lager & Ihirrell. for a collection of cut orchids; O. P. Chapman, .Ir.. for artistic dis- play, silver medal and a cash prize; Geo. L. Stillman, certificate each for the new dah- lias "Geo. L. Stillman" and "Searchlight." and special mention for "Fire Girl"; P. W. Popp. for display of collarettes; W. A. Manila. Inc., certificate each for new dahlias ".Josef Manda" and "Bohemia Garnet." and special mention for "Veronica Manda." GEORGE V. NASH. Serretarv. NEWPORT HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 'I'liree imjtortant committees were ;i])- pointed at the monthly meeting of the New- port Horticultural Society, September 21. Tlic society appointed Bruce Buttei'ton, A, S, Meikle and William Gray a committee to co-operate with the American Sweet Pea Society in arranging for the show to be held here next summer. The Newport Gar- den Society made a liberal donation toward the expenses of a course of lectures that are to be a feature of the winter, and James Robertson, James Bond and William Gray were made a lecture committee. The third committee, consisting of A, S. Meikle, Win- fred Sisson, Bruce Butterton, C, M, Bugholt, .lames Robertson, John B, Urquhart and Alexander ifcLellan, was appointed to as- sist in securing decorations for the coming Y. M. C. A. bazaar. CONNECTICUT HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. The annual dahlia and vegetable exhibi- tion held at Unity Hall. Hartford, on Sep- tember 23 and 24 was an exceptionally good one. One of the largest displays was shown by George L. Stillman. of Westerly. There were excellent exhibits of perennials by J. F. Huss, ^^'arren S. Mason and W. W, Hunt & Co,, each exhibit comprising in the neighborhood of 100 varieties. The vegetable exhibits were good and unusually well staged. The judges were G. X. Amrhyn and John N. Champion, both of New Haven. Awards in the professional classes were as follows: Show 18 blooms, 18 named varieties — N. Nelson, Hartford. Show 12 blooms, 12 va- rieties— 1st. C. Louis Ailing, West Haven, Conn.; 2nd. Alfred E. Doty, New Haven. Cactus, 18 blooms, IS varieties — 1st, C. Louis Ailing; 2nd, Alfred E, Doty. Cactus. 12 blooms, 12 varieties — 1st, C, Louis Ailing; 2nd, N. Nelson, Fancy, 12 blooms. 12 va- rieties— 1st, N. Nelson. Fancy, 6 blooms, 6 varieties — 1st. N. Nelson; 2nd, A. E. Doty. Decorative, 12 blooms, 12 varieties — 1st, N, Slocombe, Farmington, Conn.; 2nd, N. Nel- son. Decorative. 6 blooms, 6 varieties — 1st. C. Louis Ailing; 2nd, A, E, Doty. Single. 0 vases of 3 blooms each — 1st, N. Slocombe; 2nd. W. S. Jlason. Peony, 12 vases — Ist, N. Nelson; 2nd. J, F. Huss. Peony, 6 vases — 1st. C. Louis Ailing; 2nd, N. Nelson. Peony, best collection — John F. Huss. Pompon. 12 vases — 1st. N. Nelson. Pompon, 6 vases — 1st. C. Louis Ailing; 2nd, N. Nelson. .50 va- rieties, 3 blooms each — 1st, George L, Still- man; 2nd, AVarren S, Mason, Farmington, Conn, Collection of Decorative — N, Nelson, Cactus— 1st. N. Nelson; 2nd, A. E, Doty. Pompon— C. Louis Allins. Fancy — N. Nel- son. Peonv— G. L. Stillman. Collarette— 1st, G. L. Stillman; 2nd. J. F. Huss. Vase of 25 blooms — 1st, N. Slocombe; 2nd. W. S. Mason. Collection of seedlings — 1st. J, F. Huss; 2nd. N. Nelson. Floral piece of dah- lias— N. Nelson. Specimen scedlin.g — Ist. G. L. Stillman: 2nd. N, Nelson, Largest bloom— 1st, Alfred E, Doty; 2nd, G, L, Still- man, Open to all. Gladioli, 12 spikes— A. Rig- Iienzi. Six vases of gladioli, 0 blooms each .V. Righenzi. Six vases of asters — ist, W. S. Mason; 2nd, A. Righenzi. Asters, 25 blooms, one variety — Ist, H. L. Metcalfe, Hartford, Coim.; 2nd, A, Righenzi, Collec- tion of asters, 25 blooms of each — Ist, A, Righenzi ; 2nd, II. L. Metcalfe. Snapdragon — J. JI. Adams, Hartford. Display of An- mials— 1st, J. F. Huss; 2nd, N. Nelson. Fruit— 1st, Louis Chauvy, Hartford; 2nd, J. F. Huss. Vegetables— 1st, J. F. Huss; 2nd, Louis Chauvy. Exhibit of most general merit- George L. Stillman. Dahlias in pots — A. Righenzi. Dahlias, 12 blooms, one va- riety—1st. C. Louis Ailing; 2nd, N. Nelson. Specials. By Stumpp & Walter Co., New York. Ten varieties of vegetables — Ist, J. F. Huss; 2nd, Alfred Cebellus; 3rd. Louis Chauvy. By 'Arthur T. Boddington. New York. Ten varieties of vegetables — 1st, A. Rig- henzi; 2nd, J. F. Huss. By C. H. Sierman, Hartford. Display of perennials— Ist, J. F. Huss; 2nd. \\'.' W, Hunt & Co. ."special displomas were awarded to .John F. Huss for arrangement of palms and stove plants; G. Minge for group of Boston ferns: to John IT. Slocombe, for display of seedling dahlias; to the Park Department for display of geraniums, dahlias and hardy jierennials; to W. W. Hunt & Company, for cxiiibit of bav and bo.xwood trees. ALFRED DIXON, Secretary. THE WESTCHESTER AND FAIRFIELD HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. An enjoyable evening was spent by the members of The Westchester and Fairfield Horticultural Society who attended the regular monthly meeting held in the so- ciety's rooms, Doran's Hall, Greenwich, Conn., Friday evening, October 9, President Williamson presiding. There was a large attendance even for the well-attended meetings enjoyed by our society. The mem- bership is constantly increasing. One active and one honorary member- were elected, and several proposals for membership were re- ceived. The Fall Show Committee reported several liberal contributions to the Premium list: also that the schedules were ready for distribution and everything in readiness for a successful exliibition, which will be held in Germania Hall, New Rochelle, N. Y., November 4, 5 and 6. Information, sched- ides, entry blanks, etc., may be procured from the secretary of Show Committee, ^Ir. Oscar Addn, Larclimont, N. Y. Keen com- petition is anticipated. In the death of Mr. Henry Darlington, who passed away recently, the society suf- fers the loss of a life member and good friend whose interest in our welfare has at all times been appreciated by the entire membership. A committee was appointed to draft resolutions of sympathy to be spread ujion the minutes and a copy to be pre^enteil to the bereaved family. A fea- t\u'e of the meeting was the lecture entitled "Landscape Arcliitecture." bv Mr. Nathan l'\ Barrett, of New Rochelle. N. Y'., to whom Don't Neglect Fall Spraying i6 SCALECIDE 99 Modern Methods Demand It TRADE MARK REG. U. S. PAT. OFF. It pays to .et in fall spraying whenever possible. ^^^^^^J^l^Zl^'^^^^^^^^^^^^'^ B. G. Pratl Co.. Dcpt. "4 ". 50 Church St.. N. "i . City There is JariKcr i i waitinB for spring spraying. ".Scalecide" is belter than any other dormant spray . either for insects or fungi. ed free. 228 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. ^iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiii I mill uiiii iiNiii iiinnni «»»»«'i I JOSEPH MANDA f I Orchid Specialist j I West Orange - New Jersey j iiininimuiiiiniiiininiiiiiii.uiiiiiiit iiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiii wni iiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiii we are iiulclited for an enjoyable and pleas- ing leetnre. Mr. Barret gave an interesting (le^c-iiption of landscape gardening of the diii'erent periods of the olden times down to the present day methods of combining the artistic with 'the practical side of the gardener's art. The speaker pointed out very plainly the relative positions of the artist and tlie gardener, and recited some interesting personal experiences that have occurred ni a practice of over 50 years. A rising vote of thanks was tendered to the speaker for the pleasure afforded the mem- bers. Despite the long drought of the past three montlis tliere was a remarkably tine display on the exhibition tables. The special prize offered by Robert Allen, of Greenwich, Conn., for the best display of six varieties of vegetables grown out ol doors was won by .John B. Andrew. In tlie non-competitive exhibition the judges made the following awards: Cultural Certificate to E. Lewis for display of onions -Gigantic Gibraltar"; Cultural Certificate to Robert Williamson for a fine ccdlection of vege- tables, also Honorary Mention for a display of peaches, muskmelons and English wal- nuts: a Cultural Certificate also a vote of thanks to P. W. Popp for an interesting dis- play of Dahlias, six types and 110 varieties were represented. The thanks of the society were tendered to the other exhibitors for their very meritorious display: Carl Hank- enson for Hadley Roses, .John Beck and Sons for Chrysanthemums "Golden Glow," J. B. Andrew' for display of apples; .John Conroy for seedling "Mum," a cross between Mrs. H. Robinson and Cheltonii, Robert Grunnert for displav of Carnations in variety. .James Stuart for vase of hardy, early fl. "Mums." "Normandie" and a fine vase of Conochlinum collestinum, a fine blue colored perennial, usefii] foi ( ntting and garden decoration, also known as Eupatorium collestinum. Next meeting November 1.3. r. W. BdlM'. NEW BEDFORD HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. The annual dahlia exhibilion of the New Bedford Horticultural Society hehl in the Library Building on Tuesday. September 22 and 23, was very pleasing. Owing to wratlier conditions dahlias in this section liave not done as well as usual, nevertheless the tables were well decorated with excel- lent specimens. The principal competition centered around the class for dahlias ar- ranged for effect with any foliage, covering 30 square feet. Dahlia exhibitions as a rnle do not present as attractive an appearance as peonies, roses or chrysanthemums, so. to induce exhibitors to overcome the stiff, set look of such shows, the principal prize was given in this class. The result was very gratifying, the sameness of previous exhi- bitions disappeared and the hall looked very attractive. Artliur E. Grifliin superintendent of the Galen Stone place, captured first prize with a stand of crotons, caladiums and ferns intermingled with large vases of dah- lias in the rear and specimen blooms in the foreground. W. D. Hathaway, second with a display of the finest blossoms in the show, but lacking in effect enough t(j lose the coveted first prize. Wm. Iveith, gar- dener for T. M. Stetson, third with a nice disi)Uiy of foliage plants, but lacking in number of flowers, the effect being good, but from the standpoint of a dahlia show, the main display was lost among the green. ■1. C Forbes had a fine table comju-ising vases of single and peony-tlowered dahlias. Among the amateurs J. A. Nolet of this city was high man, capturing nearly all the first priezs. Noteworthy seedlings were exhibited as follows: Mrs. l'"rcderick Grinnell — a deep ricli pink peony-flowered variety of excellent form and fair stem. Exhibited by J. P. Rooney. ilrs. Henry Denison — cactus, clear pink shading lighter toward the centre, of mass- ive iiuild with numerous heavy petals. Ex- hibited by Forbes & Keith. Mrs. Lillie P. Hathaway, bufl' decorative of good size with strong erect stem and Miss Edna h. Hatha- way a good addition to the list of orange decoratives. Exhibited by AV. D. Hathaway. 'W. F. TURNER. NEW JERSEY FLORICULTURAL SOCIETY. Tlie annual exhibition of Dahlias. Gladioli, fruits and vegetables of the New Jersey Floriciiltiiral Society was held on Monday, October f,, in tlie J.' 0. U. M. Hall. Orange N. .1. The judges were Wm. Duckham. Arthur Herrington. .John E. Lager and Ed. Ecdes. Thirtv-six Dahlias, 12 varieties: 1st. Mrs. W. Ba'rr, Llewellyn Park; 2nd. W. A. Manda. Inc., W. O'range; 3rd, P. W. Popp, Maniaroneck, N. Y. Twenty-five show Dahlias in variety: 1st, Peter Hauck, Jr. (gardener. Max Schneider), East Orange, N. J., who won the silver medal donated by the Henry F. Michell Co., Philadelphia. Twenty-five show Dahlias: 1st. P. W. Pojip, silver medal. Twenty-five cactus: 1st. Mrs. W. Barr; 2iid. P. W. Popp. Best centerpiece of Dalilia: 1st. Peter Hauck: 2nd, Frank Drews, Essex County Country Club. Twenty-five Peony flowered: 1st. W. A. :\Iaiida, Inc.; 2nd, Jlrs. W. Barr. For the best collection of Orchids. Joseph \. ^bnlda, West Orange, was awarded first pieininni. The silver cup for a basket of (iladioli was captured by Max Schneider. S. and A. M. Colgate". West Orange, won the first prize of *20 for a group of foliage plants for etTcct, Avith Ci'otons, Draca?nas. palms, etc. There were three model gardens, jdaniied in a space 5 feet square. First was awarded to Alf Thomas, gardener to Mrs. Arthur J. ]\Ioiilton. West Orange. Second. Frank Drews, Essex County Country Club, West Orange. Third, William Zeidler, gardener ot Hutton Park. There were some good displays of vege- tables, the best exhibit being by C. C. Good- rich (gardener, Fritz Bergeland). A cultural certificate was awarded to A. J. Moulton for double Petunias in pots; and for Coleus Pride of Castle Gould and for Nephrolepis; also for C. C. Goodrich, for T'issns discolor. MONMOUTH COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. .\ regular meeting of the Monmouth County Horticultural Society w\as held in the Monmouth Motor Boat Club meeting rooms, with President William Metzdorf in the chair. A good attendance was present and a very interesting meeting was the outcome. Several subjects of importance were debated. Prominent among them was the chestnut bliglit disease. A spirited dis- cussion f(dlo\\e(i and various opinions were given. The bowling club is getting active again, and it is the earnest desire ot this club to bowl a match game once a week all winter from teams picked from the club. Some high scores are anticipated as some of tlie members are expert in this famous pastime. The ilon mouth County Fair was held re- cently and a number of valuable cups and money prizes were brought home by some of tlie members. The fair has a special class for the private competition, which is very keen and interesting. The premium lists of this society are now ready for the seventeenth annual show, to be held in St. James' Hall. Red Bank, N. J., on Wednes- day and Thursday, October 28 and 29, l!)i4. The exhibition committee anticiiiatea a good show and they would like a large entry, especially from outside of our im- mediate vicinity. Entries must be made and premium lists can be had by writing to Secretary H. A. Kettel, Fair Haven, N. J., at least four (4) days in advance of the show. All exhibits from a distance should be addressed to Secretary H. A. Kettel, Red Bank, N. J., care St. James' Hall, and they will receive prompt and careful at- tcn'tioii. PHILIP BONNER, Cor. Sec. NEW BEDFORD HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. The eleventh annual dahlia show of the New- Bedford Horticultural Society held in Library Hall on September 23 and 24, while not as large as usual, certainly proved a very pleasing affair. New Bedford had one of the most erratic seasons within the mem- (uy of mail, and dahlias simply sulked witli the result that amateur displays were con- spicuous by their absence, leaving the bur- den on a few large growers. The principal prize (a cup ofl'ered by the Executive Com- mittee) was sharply contested for, and the exhibits in this class formed the principal beauty of the show. This cup. offered for the best "display of dahlias arranged for ef- fect with any foliage was captured by Arthur E. GriHin, superintendent of the Galen Stone |)lace at East Marion, with a very tasty display. W. D. Hathaway came in second and Wm. Keith third. Among the amateurs P. A. Nolet won most of the prizes. WM. F. TURNER. SHORT HILLS GARDEN CLUB. The Dahlia Show of the .Sliort Hills Gar- den Club, held at Shoi t Hills. N. J., on Oc- tober 2 and 3, w:is pronounced a decided suc- cess. Many visitors from Princeton, Tren- ton, Philadelphia. Tuxedo Park, Bernards- ville, Ixmg Island. Staten Island and other places \iewed the exhibit which consisted mainly of dahlias grown in the gardens of the members of the Short Hils Club. The blooms were displayed with large stems and foliage, three to the vase, and the points of judging were the same as those used in judging roses according to the American Rose Society's schedule. The prizes were awarded as follows: Singles — First, Mrs. C. H. Stout; honor- able mention. Mrs. G. W. Campbell and Mr3. J. A. Stewart, Jr. Seedlings — Mrs. E. B. Renwick. Decorative— First, Mrs. W. K. Wall- bridge; honorable mention. Mrs. J. A. Stew- art. Jr., and Mrs. C. H. Stout. Cactus — First. Mrs. E. B. Renwick; hon- orable mention. Mrs. Dean Emery and Mrs. .J. A. Stewart, Jr. Pcoiiv— First. Mrs. J. A. Stewart. Jr.; hoiioraide mention, Mrs. E. B. Renwick. Table Decorations^First. Mrs. F. S. Rhodes. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 229 ^iiiiiiiiilliiliiiiiiiiiiiiitnniliiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiliiniiiiiiiliiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiumiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiN i BOBBINK & ATKINS I I WORLD'S CHOICEST NURSERY | I AND GREENHOUSE PRODUCTS | I AUTUMN PLANTING. | I EVERGREENS, CONIFERS AND PINES.— Wc have more than 75 | i acn-s pluiitiMl with atliintni K\"i:UGUi']7:X.S. Our collection 13 con- § g cetU'd lo In' the most e.uii|.lcie mul inai,'nificent ever assembled in ^ H Ainerien. The varieties i-crmprising same have been thoroughly tested § 1 and proved hard.v. Our plants are dug with a liall of earth and bur- g = lappeil previous to sliippintr. Hefore purchasing, tho.se interested should = p lint f.Til to inspect our rnih -tion. E I THE FOLLOWING PLANTS FOR OUTDOOR, PLANTING. INTERIOR | I AND EXTERIOR DECORATIONS ARE AMONG OUR | 1 SPECIALTIES. i DECIDUOUS TREES AND SHRUBS. — We have an enoriuous i-i.Ilc(tii>u in all varieties and SiZ 'S. RHODODENDRONS.— We have niaii.v thMus;inds ol acclimated plant-; in iianly Eii;j:Iish and Atnciicaii varieties. TRAINED. DWARF AND OR- DINARY FRUIT TREES AND SMALL FRUITS.— We Erow these li.r .'ill kinds of Fruit Gardens and (irclrards. BOXWOOD. — We grow thou- sands of plants in many shapes aiul si'/.i's. Ever.vl!ody loves tlie rich green color and deliento aroma of old-fashioned Boxwood. ROSES. — We have several hun- dt'rd thousand Rose plants for lall sales. HEDGE PLANTS.— We grow a qiuintity of California Privet, Ilerlieris and other Hedge Plants. HARDY OLD ■ FASHIONED FLOWERS.— We hav.' th.'Usands ol rare, new and old-fashioned kinds, including Peonies and Iris, HAKDY CLIMBING lli'iii lor evi TRAILING AND VINES, — We have ry place and pnipose. AUTUMN BULBS AND ROOTS. — We grow and import quantities of bulbs and roots from all parts •)f the world, PLANT TUBS, WINDOW BOXES, ENGLISH GARDEN FURNITURE AND RUSTIC WORK. — We manufacture all ::iiai)es and sizes. i OUR NEW HYBRID GIANT FLOWERING MAHSHMALLOW,— S 1 l':\-.'r,\lio-ly slio'ild !'<' iiit.'i'est.d in llii- hardy new old I'asliionef! llower, § i OUR ILLUSTRATED GENERAL CATALOG No, 45 and AUTUMN | s BULB CATALOG describes our pro.liiel!,; mailed up.m reipiesl. | I "WE PLAN AND PLANT GROUNDS AND GARDENS | I EVERYWHERE," | I ^ NURSERYMEN, FLORISTS AND PLANTERS | I RUTHERFORD, N. J. | iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii!iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii!iiii!iiiiinniiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii»iniiiiiii»ii»i>i>»i>»iiiiiiii!ii»i»iii'iiiiiiii BULBS To the gardener: YOU, who depend for y o u r profit upon the reliabil- ity of seeds and bulbs, feel rightl}' that a bargain is not of the first importance. Yet we often have an overstock which we are able tn supply below the luarket, and would he \ery glad to send you ])articulars on recjuest. If you have not re- ceived a copy of our 1914 Bulb Catalog, send for it. We printed one es- ])ecially for you. It con- tains a wealth of infor- mation which will be of use to you. A large proportion of our business is with those who "raise for profit." Think this over, and let us hear from you. J. M. THORBURN & CO. Established 1802 53 Barclay Street, New York THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiinniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiininiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiniiiiiy^ iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii!iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiyiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiim I THE MACNIFF I I HORTICULTURAL CO. | | I 56 Vesey Street, New York | | I We are receiving very large shipments ot j 1 I BULBS and NURSERY I I I STOCK from HOLLAND, | | B also large consignments of i I I PALMS, FERNS and GREEN- I | I HOUSE POTTED PLANTS | | I from well-known growers. Kindly 1 I I let us know your wants. 1 1 I SEND FOR CATALOGUE | iiniiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiinniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiin^ LATEST WAR NEWS _ Owing to the war we do not expect I to receive any new crop of LILY OF i THE VALLEY pips from Germany I this Fall. 1 We have an extra fine lot of COLD I STORAGE PIPS on hand and can I offer Iheni now for future delivery. I Cold Storage I Dresden Pips I 250 for $7.00; 500 for $13.00; I 1000 for $25.00. j B Order early before they are all gone. I W. E. AARSHALL & CO. | I SEEDS BULBS— PLANTS | I 166 West 23rd Sireet. New York | liiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii^^ i i m /\ n Economical Solution of Garage anci Greenhouse II-' you an- tliinklnj; of ImildlnB a fiaragt- wby not plan at tbi? sumo time to have an adjolninp: greenhouse V The same boiler that heiits your ^'rcenhonsc tan then make the garai^o com- fortable to work In at Imt slight additional coal expenM-. When the jjreenbouse and the garaKe are considered at the >amL* time we can work out a saving to j'ou for Imtli. In fa<-t. wo cjin relieve you <>f all su<'h building wut In the subject shown layout Is as chariuing its It Is in i'very way practical, like to talk over with yon every jduise of the ijn trust you will feel inelini>d to write us about it. We g for business. • a simple uccessfully where the We woubl stion, and o anywliero '■nt iri tiling for you. New York 1170 Broadway HiicKingcs^ Cofttpanv* ^rpHgteit "^ — «'^~ General Offices and Factory— ELIZABETH. N. J. Bcston 49 Federal St. Philadelphia 40 S. 15th St. i m if w M M m M /*\J^^'^>^^'^^^^'^^^^'^^^^'^^^^'^^^'^^^^'^^^^'S^^^'S^^^'S^^^'S>^^iSW^^'^^^^^^^^^^W''''^W''»^W'''^^^^^ THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. GIANT DARWIN TULIPS THE TULIP FOR EVERY- BODY'S GARDEN Whether you plan to have Tulips in flower during May for cutting; grouped in the herbaceous or shrubbery border or in formal beds, no Tulips will provide such a wonderful display or give you any better color scheme. Our stock is complete with the finest varieties in commerce. ARIADNE. — Bright Tvsy trimson, shaded scarlet, with blue base; tar;.'e Howtr nf jiroat snhstaiK-e: for out"loor planting or I'crcing. I-It'ight. 2S inches. Dcz., Toe; 100, s:.i; 1,000. $4S. ASCANIA. — Brilliant lilac*uiauvp, quite a self-color, edged silvery lilac; base white: a splendid variety for any position in the garden. Height. 2o inches. Doz.. .•?1.50; 100. $10. BAHONNE DE LA TONNAYE.— A lon^' nud beautiful flower: clear carmine-rose at the midrib, toning off to soft pink at the edges: base white, tinged blue. Excellent for early March forcing and just as fine for outdoor beds, where it keeps up a splendid show for a long time. Height, 2G inches. Doz.. -lOc; 100, $3; 1,000. $27. CARMINEA. — Rich, glowing crimson-rose; a rrbarming variety for any position outdoors. Fiowr.s of large size, splendid for cutting. Height. 24 inch:-s. TJoz., 40r.; ICO, ?3: 1,000. $28. CLARA BUTT.— Clear pink. flu:jhed salmon-rose; good-sized flower of very handsome shape. The finest Darwin of its color. Exipiisitely beautiful out-of-doors, and one of the best for pots i f not forced too early. Height. 21 inches. Doz., .'iOc.; 100, $3.50; 1.000, $30. DREAM, — Ijirge flowers, per- fect in form, on tall, strong stems: color rosy lilac and mauve, with claret-purpIe in- terior. Handsome in combinalion with the Jark lavender and violet-colored varieties. Height, 24 inches. Doz.. 00c. ; 100, $4.2.-.; 1,000, $40. ELECTRA.— Rosy lilac, broadly margined grayish white; niedinm- sized flower, which contrasts wel? with darker-shaded 'Pulipw Height, 26 inches. Doz., 75e. 100, $5.50; 1,000. $52. ERGUSTE.— Soft violet, with n slight silvery flush; flower mcdiuiu size. One of the best Darwlns for forcing, keeping its refined color splendidly. Heieht. 26 inches. Doz., 80c.; 100, $6; 1.000, $53. EUROPE. — Deep, fiery crimson, white base. There is no mort- beautiful sight than a bed of this variety. Stems are of medium length : the flowers large erect, with white base contrastin:.- weU when the flower is fully open. Height, 22 inehes. Doz., 60c. : 100. $4; 1.000. .$38. FARNCOMBE SANDERS.— Brilliant dark rosy red; flowers large, borne on long, stiff stems, base shaded white. A giant among large- flowered varieties. Conceded to be the best in its color. Height. 24 inches. Doz.. 75c.; 100. $5; 1.000, $4S. FLAMINGO, — An even tone of pure shell-pink; flower pointed and of refined form. Of unsurpassed beauty for border planting. Height, 2S inches. Doz., $1.25; 100. $9; 1.000, $S5. GLOW. — Bright vermilion-scarlet, white base, with blue markings: good-sized flowers of distinct shape. An excellent scarlet for bedding and forcing. Height. 20 inches. Doz., 50c.: 100. $3.75; 1.000. $3.=i. GRAND MAITRE — A distinct dark violet, white base with bluish sheen: largo flower of refined form, borne on a strong, stiff stem. A splendid Darwin for contrasting. Height, 24 inehes. Doz., 60c.; 100. $4; 1.000, .$.^S. GRETCHEN (Margaret).— I'ale rose ground, faintly flushed white, center white, marked blue — a very delicate color; flower globular in shape, boi-ne on a strong stem. Splendid for forcing Ileight, 22 inches. Doz., "iOc: 100, i52; 1,000, $18. HITCHCOCK. — Rich, glowing vermilion, with bine base, an at- tractive border variety. Height, 26 inches. Doz., 6<»c.; 100, $4; 1,000, $3S. ISIS. — Fiery crimson-scarlet, with Mue base; very large flower of striking beauty. The n-.ost brilMant of Is color. Height. 26 inches. Doz., 80c.; 100, $6; 1,000. $55. JULES VINOT (Princess Elizabeth). — Beautiful clear rose-pink, with a white base. A inagniflcent. large-sized Dflrwin of sturdy habit. Height. 20 inches. Doz., $1; 100. $7; 1.000. $65. KING HAROLD. — Intense ruby-crimson, center rich black; very tall and of flne form; now and stately variety; very distinct. Height, 24 inches. Doz.. 50c.; 100, $3.50: 1.000. $32. LANTERN. — Pale silvery lilac, parsing into white, inside clear lilac, with white base; medium-sized flower of beautiful form, a light violet counterpart to Gretchen. Height. 20 inches. Doz., 40c.; 100, $3; 1,000, $28. LA TRISTESSE.— Deep, slaty blue, with white base, very distinct in color; medium-sized flower. Height, 26 inches. Doz., 80c.; 100, $6; 1.000, $55. LA TULIPE NOIRE (The Black Tulip). —Deep maroon-black, having a velvety sheen in the sunlight; large flower of fine form. Height, 25 inches. Doz.. $2.25; 100. $15. MADAME KRELAGE. — Bright lilac-rose, margined pale silvery rose; flower long and of excellent form, Kxcelient for borders or pots. Height. 2S inches. Doz.. 60c. ; 100. .$4; 1.000. $38. MASSACHUSETTS.— Beautiful pink, with white center; large flowers of beautiful color and form, ll.-iiiht, 24 inches. Doz., 60c.; 100, $4; 1.000. $:is. MAY QUEEN. — Pale lila^-rose. center delicately marked blue; very long. large flower. Excellent for borders or among shrubs. Height, 26 inch.-s. Df-z., .5i_K-. ; 100, $3.50: 1,(H«). $32. MEDUSA. — Orange - scarlet, iluslied salmon, with blue base, the color is of great brilliance in the open flower. Height, 24 inches. Doz.. 60c. ; 1.000. $40. MRS. POTTER Bright purplish white: a Tractive 100. $4.50; PALMER. — violet, base large, flower; very at- for border planting. Height. 2S inches. Doz., 60c.; KKi. $4.."iO: 1.000, .$40. NAUTICAS.— Dark rose, center clear violet, shaded bronze: large flower. Excellent for outdoors iiid early or late forcing. Height, n inches. Doz., 50c.; 100. $3.50; 1. 000, $32. NORA WARE. — Silver-lilac, "inite a uniform color when grown inside in jxits; recommend- ed for forcing. Poz., 60c.; 100, $4; 1,000. $38. OUIDA. — Bright crimson-scar- let, center-blue. A variety that- is not easily beaten for its keep- ii'g gualitics. Height, 26 inches. l>nz.. .50c.; 100, $3.50; 1,000. $32. PAINTED LADY. — Cream- \\hite, with a faint tinge of ill liotrope when open; good-sized u.\s-er resembling somewhat a water-lily. One of the best varieties for outside or forcing. Doz.. COc: 100, $4; 1,000, $38. PALISSA.— Rich, bright violet, base white; a very handsome variety that should be in every collection. Height. 24 inches. Doz.. 60c.; 100. $4.50; 1.000. $42. PHILIPPE DE COMMINES.— A grand flower of dark, polished ma- hogany color, with a purple base. One of the best of the less expen- sive sorts in this color. Height. 24 inches. Doz., 60c.; 100. $4; 1.000. $38. PRIDE OF HAARLEM. — Magnificently formed flower of Immense size, brilliant, dcrp salnmn rose, shaded scarlet, light blue base. This variety, perhaps the most widely known for Its stately habit and glorious color, is unsurpassed for border or early forcing. Height, 26 inches. Doz.. 50c.; 100. $3.50; 1,000. $32. PROF. RAUWENHOFF.— Deep cherry-rose with salmon-glow inside; enormous flower of great substance on a strong stem. Superb for borders or among shrubbery and one of the finest forcing varieties. Height. 28 inch.-s. Doz.. 75c.; 100, $5.50: 1.000, $52. PSYCHE.— Old-rose, edged white, inside lighter rose, base blue. A very grand variety for February forcing. Height, 26 inches. Doz.. 7.5e. : 100. $0; 1,000, $58. REMEMBRANCE.— Palo lilac, general tone of the flower silvery. Quit.' distinct: large flower. Height, 25 inches. Doz., $2; 100, $15. REV. H. EWBANK.— Vivid heliotrone-lilac; flowers broad. Excellent for forcing: best in its color. Height, 22 Inches. Doz., 75c.; 100, $5; 1,000. $48. SUZON. — Center of petals buff-rose, shading to blush at the margin, with white base, delicately marked blue. A very much admired variety in the fields: of stron*j, stately habit. Height, 25 inches. Doz., 80c.: 100. .$6; 1.000, .$55. THE SULTAN. — Rich marijon-black with blue base; small flower of fine form; a good Tulip among the darker sorts to plant with yellow Cottage Tulips. Excelltnt for forcing. Height, 25 Inches. Doz.. 40c.: 100, .$2.75: 1.00*1, $24. WHITE QUEEN (La Candeur). — Almost a pure white when mature; faintiv blush-rose when first open. Excellent for borders and pots. Height, 24 inches. Doz.. OOc; 100, H; 1,000, .$38. WILLIAM COPELAND. — Uniform lilac rose when grown In pots. A most captivating color when grown inside. One of the best as well as easiest forcers. Height, 24 inches. Doz., 75c.: 100. $5.50; 1,000, $52. Our Catalog containing list of Best Novelties as well as standard varieties of Bulbs for Fall Planting free on request. 30-32 BARCLAY ST. NEW YORK GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA J ^LTURAt PARKS 8c GARDENS ILLUSTRATED THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. Ij^rxzt Cups anh ©rnpljirs in ^ti^rltng WHKX you are buying trophies or prize cups for Flower Shows (jr other events, you should go where you will find greatest selection. In the International Store we have from which you may choose the ])roducts of the eleven great factories of the International Silver Company. Sterling and silver plated cups and trophies in a tremendous va- riety of unique patterns, ranging from large, specially designed trophies for important e\ents to small and inexpensive cups. INTERNATIONAL SILVER COMPANY SUCCEEDING Thc MERIDEN Co. es™'/"^'^ 49-51 W. 34th St., Through to 68-70 W. 35th St., New York Tv/o Graperies Side By Side WE built the glass enclosed one. Built it with all the superiority of construction and nicety of finish that a firm with half a century's experience, like ours, can. We said "like ours"; which statement might lead you to infer that there actually were other greenhouse building concerns half a century old. Buf there is not another such concern. S*LfiS OFFICES; N€w York, ' ■,~ 42d St, Bldg. Chicagro, Bookery Bldg, Philadelphia, Franklin Bank Bldg. Boston, Tremont Bids Rochester, Granite Bldg, Cleveland, Swetland Bldg, Half a century of building rolls up a lot of ex- perience. It's just about enough, however, to put us in a position to meet building problems and con- ditions as no other concern can. Which state- ment is not boastful, but a plain statement of a plain fact that no one can contradict. If you are thinking of building and ready to talk it over, say when and where. and we'll be there. FACTORIES: or4u]Btirnhain^. Irvington, N, Y, Des Plaines, 111, Toronto — 12 Queen Street, East, THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 235 Boddington's Quality Bulbs (Jur I'rL-ncli and llcillaml liulhs are now in the linube. — and tlivir (|uality was never better. OUR FALL GARDEN GUIDE IS NOW BEING DISTRIBUTED If }riu did not get your copy, drop us a postal eard. \\"lien in the citv. call on us. Arthur T. Boddington West 1 4th Street New York Telephone 2606 Chelsea aiiii DECIDUOUS TREES AND SHRUBS. -Wo hav.' nn eiinnni.iis collpctinii ill !ill variotii's iiii'i SiZI'S, RHODODENDRONS.— Wo liiivo nillliy I llnllSillllis nf .Tooliiiiatoil plants ill ii;ii(i,\ i:iif.'Iisli and Aii.rrii Ml variotio HARDY OLD FLOWERS.— W<- li or Ti.w an.l cl.l ra inclndiiit; r«onilli!iilllllllll!iqillillllliliiililllllllllli!l^ ANNUAL CONVENTION National Association of Gardeners PKiladelpKia, Pa. Wednesday, TKiirsday, Dec. qtK, lotK Exhibits of novelties in plants and cut flowers are invited Will You Attend? i.s, !■ iHinc ■J.'iS.) iiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiHiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiwiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiijiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii'^^ 236 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. s I If Highest Grade Bulbs John Scheepers & Co.. Inc. 2 Stone Street New York ORDER NOW Large Clumps of Eremurus. Speciosum and Fancy Liliei. Nerines. Our Famous "Excellenta" Valley Pips. Catalogues Ready ior Distribution |iii!iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii!iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii!iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiin^ I Members of I The National Association of Gardeners M attending the Annual Meeting of the As- M sociation in Philadelpliia. Decemljer. 8 and 9 I YOU ARE INVITED S during your stay in our city, to visit Andorra Nurseries I at Chestnut Hill M Our representatives will lie at the regular nieet- j ings and will arrange to bring you out to the J Xurseries by motor at your convenience. The 5 trip from Philadelphia to Chestnut Hill is along M the River Drive through Fairmount Park, then on 1 a portion of the famous W'issahickon Drive to the M Lincoln Drive, and through the residential sec- M tions of Germantown, St. Martins and Chestnut 1 Hill, passing many of Philadelphia's finest homes g and grounds. S At Andorra our eleven hundred acres of nur- i sery lands lie on the hills from the end of Fair- i mount Park west to the Schuylkill River, and i present an unusual nursery arrangement, as the 1 hills and valleys present unique planting 1 problems. I Wm. Warner Harper, Proprietor I See our Representative. Arrange to Come Tne House of Burpee Is recogtiized thr<_iui;lKiut America as head- quarters for Extraordinary Pedit;ree Strain > of Seeds. ^Ve are specialists in Seeds. Our entire time is devoted to prodiicino and dis- tributing Seeds — Seeds (3nly, and Only .'"^eeds of the Best Quality. Our reputation for efficient service is Iiuilt about the Burpee Idea of Quality Only, and "to give rather than to get all that is possible." Burpee's Seeds Grov^ Thirty-eight years of continued selling Seeds of Burpee Quality has pro\ed our incontest- able right to this truthful slogan. Planters whether gardening for pleasure or profit sotm learn that the best is the cheapest. Write for both our Annual and our Blue List. A postcard will bring both. W. ATLEE BURPEE & CO. Burpee Blags. PKilaaelpKia, Pa. LATEST WAR NEWS Owing t(i the war we do nut expect to receive any new crop of LILY OF THE VALLEY pips from Germany this Fall. AVe have an extra tine lot of COLD STORAGE PIPS on hand and can iiffer them now for fnttire delivery. Cold Storage Dresden Pips 250 for $7.00; 500 for $13.00; 1000 for $25.00. Order early before they are all gone. W. E. MARSHALL & CO. SEEDS- BULBS— PLANTS 166 West 23rd Streel. New York iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii iiiiiii THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 237 l|IIIIIIIIIIIIUUIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII!Ilinilllllllllllllllllllllli 1' iiiiuuMiiuwuiiiiuiNiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii iiiii n iiiiiiuiii miiiiii niiuii unniin |„||||„| g THE MACNIFF I HORTICULTURAL CO. | 56 Vesey Street, New York | We are receiving very large shipments of ■ BULBS and NURSERY I STOCK from HOLLAND, | also large consignments of J PALMS, FERNS and GREEN- I HOUSE POTTED PLANTS | from well-known growers. Kindly 1 let us know your wants. ■ An Invitation to all Gardeners and Superintendents ^.--S"^^^. ,- ill f -'-''^ -"^ ■ SEND FOR CATALOGUE | iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiH llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll!lllllllllillllllll!:illllllllllllllllll!lllllllll!IIIIIIIIIIIW BULBS BULBS | BURNETT BROS. ! I '\/^0D are cordially Inviteil, wliilc :i(li.iiiliii;: th.. Cnnvention of i p J the National Assuciatinii nf (;;ii-Hi-iimi-s. tii visit our estnb- = I lishmcnt at 518 Market St., Philadelphia, also nur Nurseries 1 g at Andalusia. I'a. WC will l.c t-liiil il' you will make our estab- | = lishuient your lic!iiliin;tit-js. = j PHILADELPHIA'S LEADING SEED HOUSE. 1 I HENRY F. MICHELL CO., 518 Mark, t St., Phila. | = (Philadelphia's Main Business Thoroughfare) 1 liiiiiiiiiiiiiiiillilililiii|]iii]iiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii:iiiiiitiiii!iniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii^ 1 NARCISSUS VON SION, DOUBLE NOSE | i " VON SION, SINGLE NOSE ■ 1 " GOLDEN SPUR 1 ■ " SIR WATKIN I 1 " ORANGE PHOENIX 1 § " POETICUS, "PHEASANTS EYE" | 1 " POETICUS ORNATUS 1 I FREESIA PURITY AND REFRACTA ALBA 1 i TULIPS, SINGLE AND DOUBLE NAMED | 1 VARIETIES i |. TULIPS, DARWINS, NAMED VARIETIES | 1 HYACINTHS, "EXHIBITION," NAMED VARIE- 1 I TIES I g Our bulbs are exceptionally large and our prices are B M exceptionally low. Write for prices before ordering. B I BURNETT BROS. | g SEEDSMEN 1 I 98 Chambers St. New York City Seeds with a Lineage Lovers of j^'ardens and grounds should know that at Raynes Park, London, England, Messrs. James Carter & Co. have the finest and most complete testing and trial grounds in the world. Their equipment and the unique methods employed guarantee the quality of their seeds. For gene- rations they have been cultivat- ing, selecting and perfecting until Carter's Tested Seeds have reached the highest percentage of purity and germination. We import these seeds direct from Raynes Park and carry a com- plete stock at our Boston ware- houses. "Write for copy of 1915 Catalogue. Ready Dccemher 1st. TELEPHONE 6138 BARCLAY ■ 111 Chamlier of Commerce Bldg',, Boston, Mass> piiiiiiiiiiiiiii L 111 Chamber of Commerce Bldg',, Boston, Canadian Branch; Toronto, Ontario. Branch of James Carter & Co.. London. Eng. 238 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. The Highway to Perennials Leads Straight to the PALISADES NURSERIES There you will find all kinds, and you can take your pick from the best that grow. Per- ennials add a feeling of permanency to the home surroundings. They change their plumage, but not their face, and keep reflecting the seasons all the year around. FALL PLANTING — To grow most hardy perennials and old-fashioned flowers suc- cessfully, plant in November, like planting Spring-flowering bulbs. They then root during Fall and Winter, and are ready for Spring and Summer blooming. No grounds are really gardened without a big showing in perennials. We are head- quarters for perennials and assure the widest latitude in choice as well as the most cour- teous promptitude in correspondence and service. Our motto "Ma.ximum Quality at Minimum Cost." Write R. W. CLUCAS, Manager, Palisades Nurseries Sparkill, New Yorl< ;>!iiiliiijj:iiiiiiiiliililililIlllilliiiiiiiiiiiiiinn!iiiiu>ullini:iiiNiiiiiiiii:iiiiiiiii:iu^^^^^^^ "Niig ^iiiiiiiiiii:iiiniiiinii:inniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiNiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiaii)iiii{iiiiiiiiii;:i!i!iiiiiii[iniii:iiii{iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiim iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii'^ SEEDS for the finest | forcing vegeta- j I bles. Send for j I our catalogue if you do not know | I them. Our ngw catalogue will be | I ready about December 1 5th. Be | I sure to send your name for it. | I WEEBER & DON | I Seed Merchants and Growers | I 1 14 Chambers Street NEW YORK | iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii mill iiiiiiiiii I iiiiiiiiiiiinuiiiiiiiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii nil i m i iii i iii iniiiiiir ^iiiiiiiii nil iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii I mill I iiniiii iiihiiiiiiiiiiiii i iiiiiiiiiDiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiii i % I Julius Roehrs Company J I Nurserymen and Florists \ I Headquarters for Orchids, Palms, Stove and | I Greenhouse Plants, Bay Trees and Box | I Trees, Laurus Cerasus, Aucubas, j 1 Cyclamen, Begonia Lorraine | I and Cincinnati, Evergreens, | I Deciduous Trees and | I Shrubs. j I RUTHERFORD, NEW JERSEY | Visit the Meehan Nurseries wbil'- ymi are in rinlaiU'l|ihia. Tlicy an- t-asily rt-arlK-i] hy any of Ilifst.' routes: PHILA. & READING R. R.— Stmton Station (ri^'bt on the grounds). PENNA. R. R. ^Carpenter Station (twenty minutes' waiki. P. R. T. CO.— Trnlleys marked "Peinfltn." "Mount Airy" or "Chestnut Hill" — piglit minutes' walk cast on Slnenm Street i I-'lrst north of Pelham Car-ltarn, 6700 north on Germantown Avenue). MOTOR— FVom West I'hila. ami Main Line Points: Up Wissahioken Urive and Lincoln Drive to Pelhani Road or Carpenter St., East to Chew Street. (Nurseries 6700 Chew.) MOTOR^F'rom North-Eastern sections: South on Stenton Ave. to Ver- non Road to Stenton Station. MOTOR — From Eastern sections: Over Washington lam- or Mount Airy Ave. to Stenton Ave.. Ver- non Road and Stenton Station. You are welcome. May we look for you ? THOMAS MEEHAN & SONS Box 65 Gertnantown. Philadelphia. Pa. fi TREES^^ PLANTS .=iiiiiuiiiiiiiii!iiiiiiiiiiilii»iiiiilillllliliiiliiiiilllllilliiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiii!ii»i:iiiiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii:iiii[iniiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiNiiiit,.> ^iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiNiiimn^ g Incorporated 1911 ANDREW K. KENNEDY. Pres. and Treas. ^UIIIIIIIIUIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIUIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII 31IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII iiiiinii iiiiiiiinni nil iiiii iiiiiiiiiii iiiiiiiniiin llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllF. Illllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll!^ I Competent Gardeners | I q The comforts ond products ol a country home ore | I Increased by employing a competent gardener ; if you | I wont to engage one, write to us. | I q Please give particulars regarding place and soy | I whether married or single man is wanted. We have | I been supplying them lor years to the best people | I everywhere. No fee asked. | I PETER HENDERSON & CO. | I Seedsmen anrf Florists | I 33 ond 37 Corllondt St. NEW YORK CITY | liiiii I iitiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiuii Ill Ill iiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii iiiiiiniiiiiiiii nil iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii li I KENNEDY & HUNTER | I SEEDSMEN | I Lily of the Valley— Hardy Lilies— Spiraea | I Just arrived in fine condition | I Write for list of surplus bulbs 1 j 156 West 34th Street ?e°nna'.'"sta.To" New York | I "ONLY THE BEST" | iiuiiiuuiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii^ lliiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiNiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiinniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiinniiiiiiiiiiiiN I California Privet ■ land Berberis Thunbergii | I Grown as Specialties in large quantities | I Will have the largest and best | I stock to offer in the Fall that I | j have ever grown. Get my prices | I before you place your order. | C. A. BENNETT Robbinsville, N. J. I Robbinsville i Nurseries _ .lull Ill iiiniiiiiiiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiii IIIII iiiiiiiniiii mill iiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii iiijiiiiiiuiuiaiig THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 239 TrnniHi isaBi^ta^55afei5gog^as;^kom^:gte)fe^ Chrysanthemums for Exhibition NOVELTIES rcflr •(I Wlli .fl .-luh SILVER KING (Smith) — A liiri;.- $10 JUT (Inzen. MANKATO (Smith)— In color, form ami size similar to Rigiuiild \iilli~. but bavlug a porfwt stem. $1 each; iflO per dozrii. GENERAL PURPOSE VARIETIES EARLY FIRST (Damer) .\ line white s.-.dliii!; nf Golden i:i(.u, inatnriii^' the hrst week iu October, -.''e. each; $2. .50 |ier .I..Z ii: $20 per 100. MT. GREENWOOD (Johnson)— .\ fine pink seedliiif; of W. II. liii.kli;iii] 2,".,. each; lf2.."iU per dozen; $20 per ino. GOLDEN QUEEN (Smith) — A new earl.v j-ellciw. i-oMiiii;; tn rii;itiii ily Oetnb'-r tirst. T.'tc. each; $7.50 per doz n. MARIGOLD (Smith) -Mill-season Yellow. Large I'Uounh f"r (xhibitinn. Good for the earl.v shows. I'm-, each; ^T,.")' per dozen. CRYSTAL GEM (Smith) -A reflexert early white, coming to riialiii-it.v about October 10th, 75c. each; $7.50 per dozen. MODELLA (Smith) — Pine bronze. Mtdium sized blooin. Re- Hexed in type. 75c. each; $7.50 per dozen. MENDON FLAMINGO We can oner early didivery on the best of last seasons NdVellU'S. JAMES FRAZER DAILY MAIL ODESSA NERISSA 50e. each; $5 |k r dozen; $;i3 per 100. Our geneial list of Chrysanthemums includes the best exhi- biticm varieties, and all the general purpose varieties worth growing. POMPONS PEACE -tiiir iii'w hlnsli white — won tho SHver Cup for tbe bt'St s.-imIHiil: ;it Indirtiiapnlis. 30e. each; $3 per dozen. HARVEST MOON -Om- new yollnw — is auotlior Johnson seed- liim lli;ii will iiKiintjiiii the rppntation of this flue lot of 1' pun Sr.dliniis. 30i'. iiu-h; $3 pi-r dozen. GOLDEN HARVEST, GOLDEN CLIMAX, GOLDEN WEST nnd WESTERN BEAUTY •.,^■^■ tin- IHI t S'O.llin^s r:iist'd hy Jiihii.-ii.n. w iiit.li WL' dissfuiinjiteii. and wlikli Inive laisi-d tho standard of quality in Pompon Chrysanthemums. These varieties for 1915. 15c. each; $1.25 pi r dozen; $7.50 per 100. ANPlER^ON INC. CeOMWELL CARpENS Crpmwell Conn A Sanitary Floor of Merit fFHl^ LEADING ARCHITECTS RECOMMEND THAT YOU USE IT 1st — It is non-porous plastic flooring containing no decomposing matter. 2d — It can be laid over old floors of wood, cement or iron. 3d — It can be laid any thickness desired. 4th — It is thoroughly fire-proof and water-proof. 5th — It is pleasant to walk upon, and although hard and smooth it is not slippery and has the touch of a wood floor. 6th — It is ready for use in forty-eight hours after being laid. 7th — It is usually laid with a cove base from three to eight inches in height and being water-proof and without seams or openings can be flooded with hose and rendered perfectly clean in a few moments without injury to anything below or under it. Circular and Samples up07i Request NEW YORK SANITARY FLOOR CO. Chester, N. Y. 286 Fifth Avenue, New York City 240 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 5ri|0 Contents— ^ou^mb^r, 1914 Belgium's Contribution to Pomology View of New York's Fall Flower Show Bulbs in the Ornamental Garden, Maurice Field View of Philadelphia's Flower Show Garden Scene, Madison, N. J., Flower Show Chrysanthemums for Exhibition Bv Win. Vert View of Department of Agriculture's Exhibition The Gardener and His Profession Bv W. N. Craig Work for the Month of November By Hemp Gibson Opportunities to Experiment with Foreign Plants Timely Hints ...... Need for Shade Tree Exports Proposed Joint Exhibition at Newport . Demanding Conservation of Their Trees Report of S. A. F. School Garden Committee Editorials ..... National Associations of Gardeners' Notes Among the Gardeners Royal Horticultural Society British Gardeners' Association Chas. H. Totty Much Improved 241 242 243 243 246 247 247 248 250 251 251 251 251 251 251 252 253 253 254 254 254 American Association of Park Superintendents' Notes 255 Park Department Personals . . . 255 Wm. H. Coldwell Presented with Loving Cup 256 Park Institute of New England . . . 256 The Public Parks Recreation Systems of Min- neapolis, Minn. . . By F. C. Berry 257 Prizes Offered for Photos of Largest Trees . 259 Management of National Rose Garden . . 259 The Art of Naming Plants . . . 259 Horticultural Features at Panama-Pacific Exposition ...... 260 A New Book on Sweet Pea Culture . . 260 Absorption of Salts by Plants . . . 260 Queries and Answers .... 260 Of Interest to All 261 National Associations .... 262 Local Societies ..... 262 Gardeners' Diary ..... 263 Annual Fall Flower Shows . . 263-268 Tarrytown Horticultural Society . . . 268 New Jersey Floricultural Society . . . 268 Oyster Bay, N. \., Horticultural Society . 268 'ARDENERS attending the Convention of the National \ Association of Gardeners are cordially invited to visit our Nurseries at Riverton, N. J., while in Philadelphia FRENCH Hydrangeas We offer in splendid shape for early forcing the follow- ing varieties of French Hydrangeas, elegant stock, in 6 inch pots. AVALANCHE — Large corymbs of pure white Sowers; vfr\- I'fi'c-flmvcriiig. BOUQITET ROSE— Large trusses of w.^Il-fortDed flowers; r'.>-v ;itijlnr. turning to bright pink. E. G. HILL — Trnssi's of immense size of a most pleas- iii- ^\v.\'}t- of pink, GENERAL DE VIBRAYE— Very large heads of bright Ids.-; ;i siil.iidid forcing variety. LA LORRAINE^Very large flowers; pale rose, turning to IiriL;lit pink. MME. MAURICE HAMAR— Large, delicate flesh-rose j.lr s1i;hU' MLLE. AGNES BARILLET--A splendid large white. MME. EMILE MOUILLERE— One of the very best; very Iai„'<- ilnwds, fn-i|ii.iitly over 2 Inches in diameter, of 111.' i>ii[isi wiiitc. with msy-carmine eye. MONT ROSE — Immense panicles of a clear flesh-rose. RONSARD —Very large individual flowers and trusses nf :i bntlltiflll rnse. SOUVENIR DE MME. CHAUTARD— One of the pret- tii-st: riihiist habit, iiirdiniii-sizi-d corymbs of bright Tns<'-riiluri-il lio\\i:-i-s. VIEUW CHATEAU— Immense trusses of white flowers uiiiib as tlii-y mature become suffused with a deli- cate rosy tint. Good 6 inch pots. 50 cts. each; ,?o.00 per doz., $35.00 per 100. For all seasonable Plants. Bulbs, Seeds and Horticul- tural Supplies, consult our Autumn Catalogue, which will be mailed to all applicants. HENRY A. DREER 714-716 Chestnut Street PHILADELPHIA, PA. GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA THE OFFICIAL ORGAN OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF GARDENERS Devoted to the Science of Floriculture and Horticulture. THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PARK SUPERINTENDENTS. Devoted to Park Development and Recreational Facilities. Vol. XVIII. X( )\i':Miii';R, i')i4. N. Belgium's Contributions to Pomology «fiV At the present time, wlien the sufferings of llelgium are attracting the sympathy of the civilized world, it is impossible for horticulturists to forget the debt they owe to that country. The gardens of the whole world have profited much from the natural aptitude of the Belgians for horticulture, and their sustained interest in pomology. The names of towns and villages, now, alas ! of unhappy fame, cannot be read by gardeners without calling up memories of this or that fruit with which they are asso- ciated. It is, therefore, of interest to recount some of the main facts of Belgian pomological history, in order that we may realize how much is due to this small country for the fruits that have so greatly enriched the gardens of the world. It may be presumed that the fertile soil of the country has for many hundreds of years been favorable to the culture of fruits, as it is mentioned by Roman authors as a land famous for its apples. Before the eighteenth century France was the unchallenged leader in the pro- duction of new fruits, but the varieties which were intro- duced were doubtless all chance seedlings, as the methods of cross-fertilization were then unknown. In the early part of that century the se.xuality of plants was beginning to be widely known and taught at the universities, and it is almost certain that this knowledge was first utilized as a practical means of producing new fruits in Belgium by Nicholas Hardenpont. This remarkable man was born at RIons in 1755, and received his education at the Univcrsit}' of Louvain. After taking his degree he re- turned to his native town and commenced the experi- ments which caused him to be regarded as the Father of Pomology in Belgium. At this time the pears which were generally grown were mostly of the crisp-fleshed variety, and it is thought, with some reason, that Harden- pont sought to increase the number of those with fondant or melting flesh. Be this as it may, his results are cer- tainly such as to confirm this oi)inion. His most famous seedlings are Beurre d"Hardenpont and Beurre Ranee. The former is now known in Fngland as CAou Morceau, a name which it received about 1800. and which signifies "dainty morsel." It is to be regretted that this valuable pear, now so widely known, should not retain its original name and thus keep alive the memory of its raiser. Beurre Ranee is still widely grown in this country, and the name has been the subject of several stories. One of these describes a visit of some enthusiasts to the .Xbbe Hardenpont, who asked them to try the new pear. One of those present said it had a rancid flavor. "Rancid!" said the indignant raiser, "I will call it I'eurre Ranee to perpetuate and shame your bad judgment." This story, probably ben trovato, is put aside by more serious writers in favor of a derivation from the Flemish "rens," or "reinsch," signifying bitter, a flavor which under bad conditions this fruit occasionally develops. Passe Colmar, an e.xcellent December fruit when grown on a warm soil, ' is another of the famous Abbe"s seedlings, and it is still grown in this country. The other fruits of Hardenpont are less known in this country. Delices d'Hardenpont, Fondant de Panisel and a few others have now lost their former popularity. Owing to the fact that Hardenpont was not much in touch with horticultural circles, it was some time before his fruits were widely distributed, but in 1806 Noisette visited Belgium, and there saw and at once appreciated these striking novelties, and through him they were soon distributed over Europe. The interest aroused by these new fruits naturally encouraged imitators, and pears seem especially to have been the fruit which attracted their attention. In 1787 M. Capiaumont, a chemist at Mons, raised from a seed of the Calebasse Pear the variety which still bears his name. For a wdiile it masqueraded under the name of Beurre Aurore, and by this it is de- scribed and figured in Lc Jardin Fruitier of Decaisne. The fertility and hardiness of this fruit have led to its cultivation in many countries. The greatest figure in Belgian pomology is undoubt- edly that of J. B. Van Mons. His e.xtraordinary labors and unfailing perseverance resulted in the production of an enormous number of new fruits, which probably no raiser has ever equaled. Van Mons' influence in stiiuulating others cannot be over-emphasized. The very fact that he set out to jirove a new theory gave zest to the endeavors of his followers, and though his hypothesis is now seen to be baseless, its pronnilgation was of great value to Belgian pomologv. His experimental garden suffered severely at the hands of the French army in its march on .\ntwerp, but his courage in removing what could be saved from the ruin and starting again elsewdiere are worthy of the highest praise. After his death the mantle of Van Mons fell upon Alexander J. D. Bivort, a pomologist whose name will be remembered by his splendid Album de Poinologic. which contains colored figures and descrip- tions of the best of \'an Mons' seedlings. Bivort had long been on terms of friendshij) with \'an Mons, and he purchased all the seedlings then at Louvain and removed them to his garden at Geest St. Remy, near Jodoigne. Here the work of describing and figuring them was car- ried on for many years, and the results published in the Album de Pomologie, above referred to, and in the larger Annales de Pomologie Beige et Etrangcre. Bivort claims attention chiefly as a systematic pomologist, and as such was a necessary complement to Van Mons. In 1853 Bivort was obliged to leave St. Remy, and a new society, called the Societe Van Mons, was formed under government auspices to continue the work. Bivort was chosen as director, and a journal was publislied. However, after a few years, the state subvention ceased 242 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. and the establishment was given up, and thus the original trees of \'an ]\lons perished. The work of Bivort in preserving and recording these seedlings was of the high- est importance, and assures him a high place in the pomological hierarchy. Prominent among Belgian fruit raisers must be reck- oned Major Esperen, one of Napoleon's officers. This gallant soldier saw much service before settling down to the peaceful occupation of fruit culture. Joining the army as a volunteer ni 1803, he was wounded at Wagram, and promoted lieutenant on the battlefield. Afterwards he took part in the campaigns in Germany, Russia and Tuscany, retired in 1817, and devoted his time to the raising of seedlings, some of which are still in the first rank. The best known varieties of Major Esperen's rais- ing is Josephine de Malines, which was produced in 1830, and named after his wife, Josephine Baur. Scarcely less well known is Emile d'Heyst, which first fruited in 1847, and was dedicated to Emile Berckmans, son of the well- known pomologist of Heyst-op-den-Berg. Another pear, Elisa d'Heyst, named in honor of Madame Berckmans, has not been so widely grown. Esperen's name is happily kept in memory by the well-known Bergamotte Esperen, which first fruited in 1830, and rapidly became known as one of the very best of its season. Another pear, Soldat Laboureur, whose name bears reference to the career of its raiser, has never been much grown in this country, but it may still be found in many gardens in Holland and Belgium. The well-known Plum Reine Claude de Bavay was another of his seedlings, and was dedicated to Madame de Bavay, wife of the director of the Royal Gardens at Vilvorde. Esperen was the raiser of many other seedling fruits, some of which may still be found in Continental gardens, and his stringent selec- tions made them all of very considerable merit. To have introduced three such valuable fruits as Josephine de Malines, Bergamotte Esperen and Emile d'Heyst is no inconsiderable achievement. Another raiser of fruits who had considerable success was Xavier Gregoire-Xelis, of Todoigne. His seedlings were extremely numerous, but few of them have found acceptance in this country. The best known are Zephirin Gregoire, one of the most delicious winter fruits, and Xouvelle Fulvie, which was raised in 1854. The some- what curious name of this fruit is accounted for in the following manner. In 1845 M. Gregoire raised a variety called Fulvie Gregoire. When, however, in 1854, Xou- velle Fulvie appeared, its qualities were such an improve- ment that it thus received its name as a supplanter of Fulvie Gregoire. Wlrile the above-mentioned horticulturists stand out as leaders m Belgian pomology, the raisers of pears may be numbered by scores, and it is impossible to deal with them exhaustively. Some of these have only one fruit to their credit, but in the case of M. Durondeau, a brewer of Tongrcs, Hainault, and M. Capiaumont, who was mentioned above, there is no danger of their names being forgotten. CJf the many chance seedlings of which the origin is unknown, the most famous are Beurre Diel and Calabasse Bosc. The former was found by Meuris, the well-known gardener to Van Mons, at a farm near to \'ilvorde, and the tree was still existing fifty years ago. Scarcely less tamous is Calabasse, a discovery of Van Mons in the garden at Linkebeek. It must not, however, be thought that pears alone occupied the attention of Belgian poniologists, though they did so to a very large extent. Other fruits recall by their names many Belgian towns, such as the well- known Plum Belle de Louvain, the Cherry Abbesse des Oignies, Cerise de Gembloux and many others. But enough has been said to show the important place Belgium has filled in tiie history of pomology, and we may be sure that when the present war is over and the Belgian cultivators are once more able to devote them- selves to their peaceful occupations, the memory of their famous poniologists will serve to inspire them with re- newed zeal for a profession which they have always prac- ticed with such conspicuous success. — From Gardeners' Ciironide (British). VIEW OF THE FALL SIHUV OF THE HORTICULTUR.-\L SOCIETY IIF NEW YORK. IX THE BACKGROUM ) ARE THE WONDERFUL SPECIMENS OF BUSH CHRYS.\NTHEMUM PLANTS FROM THE ADOLPH LEWISOIIN ESTATE. ARDSLEY, N. Y. (JOHN CANNING, SUPT.) IN THE I-^OREGROUND ARE SOME OF F. R. PIERSON'S NEW VARIETIES OF ROSES. Bulbs in the Ornamental Garden By Maurice Fuld* The plan of carpeting bulbs with other plants of a very different habit is now very general, but nut so universal as it should be. Many people who are delighted with the beauty of bulbs in the grass will \et grow the same bulbs in beds or borders on tlie old regimental system, and they do this, probably, because they think it saves trouble to the gardener. It is so easy to fill a bed with Tulips in the autumn and then to lift them when they have gone out of flower to make room for summer bedding. But it is just as easy to combine them with plants such as Pansies, Forget-me-nots, the double Arabis, and many early flowering aimnals, which may be removed at the same time to make room for the "summer bedding." Progress in methods of gardening have been exceed- ingh- slow in the past and one would have to expect the impossible if all the recommendations made in the fore- going article were at once adopted universally and the old- fashioned methods entirely discarded. In view of this fact it is necessary to give here a few of the usual methods adopted in the growing of bulb; in everybody's garden. THE AVERAGE COUNTRY GARDEN. A flower bed, or what is known as such, is either in the form of a circle, or oblong, or square, or in ornamental shapes as stars, crescents or ribbons. Here we will find during summer our popular tropical bedding plants, such as Salvias, Cannas, Geraniums, etc. When frost has killed tlie plants ( about October or November) more, as a rule, in November the beds are cleared for the planting of bulbs for a spring display. Hyacinths, Tulips and Daffodils usually vie with each other in these beds., *By l^t-rmissiou, ftcin his hnuh, "Groli'ing Bulbs." After bedding plants have lieen removed, cover your bed with a liiieral quantity of well decayed cow manure, and if this is not obtainable use "Pulverized Cattle Manure," a very inexpensive and efiicient bulb food, and spade the bed then thoroughlv and quite deep for the manure or fertilizer nnist not come in contact with the bulb. Bulbs must never be planted in beds which are not thoroughly drained or where the water stays long in the spring time, for such conditions spell absolute death to the bulbs. It is advisable to form the beds sloping from the centre to the edge, for this will cause the surplus moisture to run off, particularly when the snow melts in the spring time. The next question arises, How far apart should bulbs be planted ? The solving of this question rests entirely with the individual, but this much cannot be disputed if solid effects are desired. Tulips should not be farther apart than four inches: Daffodils, five inches, and Hyacinths, six inches. Color, height and season of blooming must be carefully* considered if more than one variety is combined in a single bed. In Hyacinths, varieties should be selected which pro- |duce 'an erect spike and not such as are top heavy, and 'tnust be supported. In Tulips, heights and season of blooming are the im- portant factors to consider. Daffodils should never be mixed in a bed, but oid\- one variety in one place gives the best result. THE PROTECTION DURING WINTER. I do not recommend the use of manure such as is com- monl)- practiced for this has been the cause of more GENER.\L VIEW OF MAIN IIALI. EAI I. FLOWER SHOW. FENXSVI.V ANI A HORTKULTURAI. SOCIETY, PHI I.ADELrTII A. PA. 244 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. trouble than satisfaction. The best protection is either dry leaves, salthay or straw pinned down by boughs of evergreens. The latter in itself is sufificient. No protec- tion should ever be given until the cold weather sets in. Protection is not required for the purpose of keeping frost out, but mainly to keep the frost in and its real worth is manifested in Alarch when warm spells thaw the ground and encourage the bulbs to come through, only to be nipped by the first cold night. Do not remove the covering at the first sign of spring nor let it remain too long, but judge by weather conditions. A sprinkling of pulverized sheep manure over the bed as soon as the covering has been removed will help ma- terially to improve the size of flowers. THE ITALIAN GARDKN. Here the use of regimental beds of gaily colored FANNED SHAPE SPECIMEN PLANT I'KoM AIKJLPII LEWISOIINS ESTATE, AT NEW YORK SHOW. Hyacinths and Tulips and the golden Dafl'odils find the setting that nature seems to have designed for them. The very fields of Holland with their squares of scarlet and yellow and blue and gold and the tender shades of pink and lavender and white can be duplicated here. The real effects, though, can only be achieved through masses, and quantity counts here more than quality. Close planting is essential. Color combinations may be suggested, but after all they should be the product of the individual and the expressions of his own taste. A study of varieties, their character, heights, flowering sea- son and color is absolutely essential to create the most pleasing effects. The carpeting of other flowers through which these bulbous flowers rise add a particular charm to this style of garden and should be universally followed. But an- other effect I have in mind which the author of "Studies in Gardening" has entirely overlooked. If between the Hyacinths and the Tulips and the Daffodils you plant "Pushkinnias" thickly so as to carpet the unfilled space a perfect carpet of "heavenly blue" will greet your eye the first thing in the spring, long before the leaves of tbe Hyacinths or Tulips or Daffodils can spoil the effect. By a careful selection of varieties and material the gav bulb season can be extended from earliest April until early June. Pushkinnias appear first, then follow in rapid succes- sion Crocuses, Scillas, Hyacinths, the Single Early Tulips, Jonquils, Single Late Tulips, Daffodils, Double Tulips, Poet's Narcissus and Darwin Tulips. All these are showy species and fit within the borders of a well designed Italian Garden. The method of culture differs from that described in that the Crocuses and Pushkinnias should be planted but one inch deep. THE HARDY BORDER. Again I wish to submit here an extract from "Studies in Gardening," as follows : In the herbaceous border, however, the problem of the right use of bulbs is less easy ; and yet it is not very diffi- cult. True, there are many bulbs which are best lifted as soon as they die down, and there are others which re- sent disturbance at the very time when the border may need to be dug over. But both these difliculties may be overcome with a little contrivance and foresight. Take, for instance, the country garden, in that the Crocuses and Pushkinnias should be lifted at least every other year. These may be planted in considerable masses among car- peting plants or in clumps of eight or ten surrounded with plants that will contrast with them ; and they may be taken up without difficulty when they have died down, and without injuring the plants about them. The ar- rangement in clumps is best suited to the taller May flowering Tulips and to other tall bulbs such as the Ca- massias, English and Spanish Irises, Crown Imperial Lilies, most of the true Lilies, and Snowdrops. Some of these, especially Madonna Lilies, resent disturbance, and it is the bulbs which resent disturbance that we have learned to grow in the most beautiful and rational way. No doubt, if Madonna Lilies could be treated like Tulips, they would often be bedded out like Tulips, and all their beaut-'- would be spoiled. As it is, we grow them in the border and treat them like herbaceous plants, with excel- lent results. We should extend the same treatment to other bulbous plants, so far as their needs will allow. Thus, the May flowering Tulips should be planted in COLLECTION OF ORCHIDS FROM P. .\. D. WIDENER (WM. KLEINHEINZ. GARDENER). .\T PHILADELPHIA ESTATE SHOW. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 245 clumps of eight or ten at regular intervals along a bor- der, and if a hundred or more of the same kind — say, of Gesneriana or Picotee — are then planted in the same bor- der, they will produce a brilliant effect of color just when it is most needed, whether in contrast with flowering plants about them such as Wallflower or I'"orget-me-nots, •or with shrubs not yet in flower, such as Lavender or Santolina. And. if necessary, they may be lifted when they die down, just as Wallflowers and I>"orget-me-nots are taken up when they go out of flower, and other plants or bulbs may be put in their place. The later and larger growing bulbs are much easier to ■deal with in the border than the many little bulbs that flower early in the sjjring and then die down and remain •dormant until autumn. It is ])ossible, of course, to lift bulbs like Crocuses, Scilla Siberica, Scilla Bifolia, the 'Chionodoxias, the Pushkinnias, and the Aluscaris as soon .aS they are dormant, and to plant them again in the autumn. But it is a troublesome business ; and many of them do better if left undisturbed. Yet, though they make tiie border beautiful in early spring, thev leave blank spaces just when it is expected to be fullest. If they are to be grown in the border they can be covered with .^eilum album, which will not interfere with their grown in the grass, where it is not too thick and coarse ; but it usually thrives better under a Sedum. \\'hen the foregoing was written the author evidently had not yet recognized the "Darwin Tulip" as the most popular bulbous flower to be used in borders. It is wonderful how popular this majestic Tulip has become within the last three years and yet one should not be surprised for its merits deserve its popularity. Art shades such as mauve, wistaria, lilac, lavender, bronze and purple are found in all tones among hundreds of varieties offered today. I shall refrain from suggesting superior ujj-to-date varieties, for the introduction of scores of novelties each season would make any selection obsolete in a compara- tively short time. Darwin Tulips in the hardy border should be planted with the set purpose in mind never to disturb them unless they have degenerated into poor, unsightly flowers ; then they should be lifted and discarded and new bulbs should take their place. Before planting Darwin Tulips the spot where they are intended to be planted should be well pre- pared by removing the soil to a depth of two feet and placing in the bottom a layer of well decayed stable manure, fully six inches deep. The balance of the soil to KXHiniT OF ORCHinS BY I.OUIS P.URK (CHAS. WURST. CARD RNKR). AT PIHLAI iKI.l'l 1 1.\ Sllow; K\KRY PLANT WAS TAGGED WITH A NUMBER; THE KEY TO THE NUMBERS WAS IN TIIE HOOK HANGING ON CASE. growth, and which is green all the winter and very pretty ■when in flower. In this case they must be planted well in the front of the border as the Sedum, if it is to do well and flower, must not be overshadowed by other plants. But, indeed, these smaller bulbs always do best in the front of the border, as they are apt to I)e forgotten and dug up if they are among large herliaceous plants, and also they do not get the summer sun which most of them need to ripen them. It is also possible, of course, to sow some low growing hardy annual over them, especially over the Scillas and Chionodoxas, which like to be planted deep in a light soil. But this is not so easy to manage with Crocuses, which like to be planted just under the surface. The best plan of all, perhaps, with these little tulbs is to plant the Crocuses and Muscaris in the grass, where they will thrive, and the Scillas and Chionodoxas and Pushkinnias on some sunny bank which they can liave to themselves. Such a bank may be carpeted with Sedum with excellent effects. Scilla Siberica may also be be replaced should be well mixed with ground bone, but where the bulbs are set the soil must be pure. Darwin Tulips should be set six inches deep so that you can jjlant annuals such as Lavatera or Gypsophila right over them when they have ceased blooming. What would otherwise be a barren spot can be a sheet of color for the balance of the .season. Next to the "Dar- win Tulips" the other classes of late flowering Tulips should be more frec|uently employed ; for instance, the Rembrandt Tulip with its wonderful markings, the Breeder Tulip with its sombre color, the Bybloomen and Bizarres with its fantastic stripes and flakes, the newer sorts of Cottage Garden or May Tulips which are as gay as the "Swiss Sennerin," and last but not least the family or species of Wild Tulips, these more than all the others are bv nature fitted for the hardy border, for all perennials are only cultivated wild flowers. The Wild Tulips do wonder's when they receive a taste of prosperity, and some varieties are without doubt superior 'in colors, markings 246 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. and effectiveness to all the cultivated sorts. Tulipa Kauf- manniana, T. Thubergeniana, T. Sprengeri, T. Clusiana, T. Greigi and many other; are real jewels among flowers. The selection for the hardy border is more extensive than for any other purpose in gardening and all of them should be used to make the border truly what it was planned to be, "the roaming place for all hardy flowers." THE ROCKGARDEN. This style of garden, while yet an unknown quantity in this country, will in the writer's opinion become one of the most popular styles of gardening in the future. Some of the most lovely hardy plants are only at home in the rock- ery, and this holds particularly true of the smaller bulbous flowers. The well-built rockery can provide every condi- tion these flowers demand ; for instance, drainage and protection. The species of wild Tulips also known as Mountain Tulips find here the exact duplicate of their native home and many varieties can be made permanent here. Their season of blooming extends over a long period of time, even of a single variety, so that when planted in clumps one finds some of them in flower, some in bud and some already past. Tulipa Kaufmanniana does exceedingly well here, for it needs sharp drainage. It was introduced only a few years ago and is almost the earliest to flower and the most beautiful of all tulips. Early in April or sometimes in March its blossoms begin to open, at first creamy white and then flushed with pink on the outside, while the inside has a golden centre like that of a water-lily. It seems to withstand the severe weather well and it is not unusual to see its great blossoms open above snow-covered ground. Tulipa Biflora, a beautiful .little species with several white blossoms on a stalk is another beautv. Tulijia Lownei, a dwarf tulip with delicate pink blossoms, and T. Pulchella, a pretty red tulip marked inside like a calochortusf^ seems to thrive here. Tulipa Linifolia. rather late, when planted in large clusters appears like a glow of scarlet. All these bulbs look best rising through a carpet of Sedum, whose roots are too shallow to in- terfere with the bulbs and whose leaves are not thick enough to prevent them from ripening well in the summer. In fact, all the species usually offered may with safety- be adopted for the rockgarden. There is a class of Daffodils that by nature must have been designed for such a garden, for this style of garden demands flowers which are rather prostrate or dwarf in habit of growth, and invariably with such plants the- flowers are rather of miniature size. The following varieties I should recommend : Tenbj^ Daffodil, Princeps, Queen of Spain, Cyclamineus, all varieties of Bulbocodiums, Triandus Albus, Nelsoni Minor, Jonquillas, Juncifolius, Diomedes Minor, and: IMontanus Poculiformis. Of Hyacinths the class of AIus- caris are ideal, such as Grape Hyacinths, Feathered- Hyacinths and Muscari Azureum, the latter flowering as- early as February if weather permits. THE FALL AND WINTER GARDEN. Who does not cherish the Witchhazel blossom in February or the first Snowdrop in March ? With proper selection of material one can have some- thing in bloom from November until April. Start with Sternbergia ; planted in October, its bright golden Fairy- lily like flowers cover the ground in November ; the Colchicums planted in September are still gay in colors; Crocus specios'us is just coming into bloom and C. Sativus- and C. Zonatus follow it in December. If you have a clump of evergreens facing the south, or you have a warm border on the south side of the house, plant a few bulbs of Crocus Imperati and its blue blossoms will greet you the first sunny days in January and as. often in the month as we have sunny days. If you have a cluster of trees under which the cold- winds find no entrance, plant a few clumps of Chirstmas. Roses (Helleborus). Even through the snow they will GARDEN SCENE AT MADISON. N. T., FLOWER SHOW. ARRANGED WrTH CHAS. H. TOTTVS COLLECTION OF CHRYSANTHEMUMS. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 247 push their cherry faces of white and say "llello" to you in February. Other species of Crocus would flower every week in the winter if a sheltered nook, where the sun can reach them, was chosen for them ; and so we could make our garden so interestino- during the winter that there would be no need of puttint;- it out of onr memory for three to four months. CHRYSANTHEMUMS FOR EXHIBITION. After the shows are over look to your stock for the coming" year. Select as many good healthy shoots as re- quired, seeing that each variety is labeled correctly ; keep clean from mildew and fl\- ; and when the propagating time is at hand select the sturdy cuttings and insert in the bench already prepared, watering in thoroughly. This will carry them for a few days, besides firming the cut- tings. Keep them sprayed lightly to guard against wilting. Thev should be rooted in about three weeks ; then pot up in 2-inch or 2^o-inch pots with a nice light compost, but do not firm sufificient to injure the roots. As soon as they are established give an abundance of air to keep them firm and sturdy, but never allow them to Ijecome root boimd. It is essential to have the pots thoroughly clean in order to transfer them without injury. Repot into 4-inch pots with a nice compost consisting of three parts of fibrous loam to one part leaf soil and one part decomposed manure, adding charcoal, wood ashes, sand, etc. Place in a house or frame and keep closed for two or three days. Many people bench from 4-inch pots, while others prefer the pot grown, which latter I am strongly in favor of. When they become nicely rooted, repot into 6-inch pots, using practically the same compost, but coarser, besides adding a little bonemeal. Keep a sharp lookout for mil- dew and fly ; also to the disbudding. Should the plants not show a natural break at this stage, it is policy to pinch in order to encourage the next break. ^^'hen the pots become well filled with roots, an occa- sional watering with diluted liquid manure or soot water niav be given with advantage. A spraying overhead with the latter is also beneficial as an insecticide and stimulant. See that the plants are hardy and well-rooted before placing into final pots (7-inch to 9-inch). Perfect drain- age is most essential. The soil should be well rammed, allowing a space of 2 inches for watering and top dressing. For compost use four parts filjrous loam, one part leaf soil, one part de- composed manure, adding lime rubble, wood ashes, char- coal, sand, soot, and allowing a 6-inch pot of bone or bonemeal to each of loam. • breeding may be commenced as soon as the roots are found to be running freely, by applying weak doses of liquid manure water. Change the feed sometimes as time goes on, using chemical manure such as Clay's, Bon Arbor, etc., wliich will be found most beneficial if used with care and according to directions. Never apply ma- nure when a plant is dry. About the middle of June some varieties not making a natural break, such as F. S. Vallis, Harry E. Converse, Mrs. Lopes, etc., will need pinching to make them produce bud early in August. This allows about six weeks for the last break ; later varieties should be timed accordingly. About the tenth of August many of the buds will be ready for taking. After this date it is safe to take all buds as soon as they become large enough to handle without injury. In disbudding discretion must be exercised by removing a few at a time. Keep the plants nicely staked, tied and clean. After the buils are secured look out for their worst enemy, the red spider, which will give considerable trou- ble if they once get into the blooms. To avoid this fumi- gate once a week until buds show color ; continue spraying foliage on bright days, avoiding the buds, which will rot if the water is allowed to settle in them. .-\lso beware of the hairy caterpillar, which will ruin the foliage. Shade is sometimes necessary to guard against the burning of tlie petals during hot, bright days, the bronze and red varie- ties being more susceptible to burning than the other colors. Cut blooms intended for exhibition are greatly bene- fited if put in water twenty-four hours before shipment. In packing, the blooms travel much better if wrajiped with a full sheet of soft tissue paper, which is quite easily done by slitting the paper at the fold, inserting the stem in the slit just below the bloom, then gathering the folds and fastening at the top of the bloom with a gentle twist. In staging, see that all blooms are fresh, unblemished, and preserve as much foliage as possible in the long stem classes, as fresh blooms with good foliage generally cap- ture the most points. Paper read by Wm. Vort before the Clirysauthcutittn Society of Aincriea, Indianapolis, 2nd. EXHiniTIOX OF CHINESE .•\ND J.^P.■\^ESE V.\UIETTES, DEP.VRTMENT OF .XGRICUI.TURE. W.ASHINGTON, D. C. The Gardener and His Profession By W. I need not say how ancient and honorable is our calhng, and surely the Almighty, when he placed our earliest forefathers in the Garden of Eden, must have given them a glimpse of Paradise itself. We, their successors, in these later years, while we may often complain of our lot, should remember that as tillers of the brown soil, we have at once the most lovable, fascinating and en- thusing of professions. We work in the most wonderful laboratory in the world, and even though many of us may not have the scientific attainments we might wish, in spite of some discouragements, failures, and possible drawbacks, we know and feel as much of the great secret of life itself as those who spend countless hours reading and soliloquizing over protoplasm, and the essence of all being. A\'e plant, prune, sow, and reap, of not only things horticultural, but faith and hope. We garner rugged natures, and given rude health, our sleep, in spite of vmavoidable worries, is so sound and sweet, that frenzied financiers and moneyed kings would fain have the com- parative freedom from care and restful repose which is ours. The very word "gardener," to come back to the more practical part of our subject, is ofttimes a misnomer. The L'nited States Census statistics state that gardeners outnumber florists over two to one. I do not know who are classed as gardeners. Probablv jobbing gardeners, market gardeners, and the general handy men who earn some considerable portion of their income from caring for gardens, are included in this category. What I have to say will refer to onlv a small fractional part of this body, commonly known as private gardeners, but more correctly as professional gardeners. The gardener is, or should be, not only one who is a florist, but very much more ; he should have a good general knowledge of horticulture in its broadest sense, and this is not by any means all, for there are an in- creasing luimber of calls for men who are good gardeners but who in addition are capable of handling all details of estate management, and the man who is to fill these positions must be wide awake, energetic, eager to learn, and never satisfied to muddle along in any happy-go- lucky way, as is too often the case today. To be a good practical gardener in itself requires a great deal of care and forethought : I doubt if there is any other occupation which requires one to have his senses more keenly alert. A trifling omission today, or a little oversight tomorrow may seem unimportant at the time, but may cause much worry and anxiety at a later date. One of the best friends a gardener can have is a carefully kept diary of operations, of the weather, time crops mature, etc. I was advised when a boy to keep one, and have continued it religiously, and I can honestly say that for the little time necessary to keep it, no gardener should be without it, particularly would I urge upon young men to do so. I have often been glad that in my early gardening days I had the rare good fortune to serve under one who was not only a good practical gardener, but a good botanist. I still highly prize a collection of 420 varieties of the British flora I collected after work hours, while I was still a journeyman. I wish I knew more botany : it is of great help to every practical gardener. We often hear the remark that good botanists never make good gar- deners. This is not at all true : where could we get a better example of both than in one of our fellow mem- bers— the respected superintendent of the Harvard N. Craig. Botanical Gardens (Mr. Cameron). The value of botany may not be very apparent while you are young, but its knowledge will be very helpful as you advance in life. The majority of us have not had the advantage of col- lege., or even high school training ; and it says much for the grit, perseverance, and skill of many who, spite of these educational drawbacks, have risen to good positions and are in many cases leaders in their profession. Times, however, are changing, new conditions have arisen and now face us, and we must equip ourselves to meet them. I refer more particularly to the so-called college grad- uates who are being trained to fill posts such as we now occupy. I believe largely in a college course, and that the voung man who can have both a horticultural and agricultural training in such colleges as Amherst or Cornell, while they may gain less of the really practical work than on a private estate, will gather, nevertheless, a good theoretical knowledge of the fundamentals of our profession, and will, in many cases, be more eager for knowledge and quicker to learn than those who have started at the foot of the ladder and are slowly but diligently plodding along in the regulation way. I have sufficient faith in the col- lege course to recommend it to any who are able to send th.eir boys there. Certainly, if any of my own boys show a sincere desire to follow in their father's profession, I would feel it were money well expended to send them there. I think, however, that the college bogy has been held up too much. I don't believe that a college course at all fits a man for assuming charge of even a small estate. The drawbacks in our agricultural colleges today are, that really practical men are to a large degree lacking. I don't mean to infer that the professors are not bright, intelli- gent men ; but how many of them have had any great degree of practical horticultural training? When our col- leges select men who are first-class gron'^rs to have charge of their greenhouses and grounds, men who will be free from petty interferences, from the more purely theoretical teachers, then the\- will turn out young men who can with greater confidence apply for positions where practical worth is needed. Even then, I doubt if such men would be competent to take charge of any positions before spending a year or two on some private estate. Let us, however, be fair; let us be tolerant: remember that these young American boys should have a helping hand and not be sneered at, rebuffed, and discouraged. Do not forget that, while we may pass through life with- out a college course, in the years that are coming the need of more scientific attainments will be greater than now, and botany, chemistry, and other essentials will be much more necessary. The practical gardener of the future, the estate manager of the future, must know these things, and he who thinks otherwise will be woefully left in the procession. Then we have, or may have, competition from another source. I refer now to the so-called landscape gardeners, or architects, as some prefer to call themselves. To some of these, men on a high plane, with a national reputation, we would all be ready to doflf our hats ; but there are now a veritable flood of these embryo landscape gardeners, female as well as male, being turned loose on suffering humanity. I don't refer for a moment to the jobbing gardener or florist who has the magic words "landscape gardener" printed on his letterhead, but to the more cul- tured product of Amherst, Technology, and Harvard. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 249 Situated where I am, I have abundant opportunities to Bee and study these rising, active, and inteUigent young men. They are being turned out in such numbers that I wonder what must become of them all. Now, I have noted that nearly all these youths, and their teachers, can talk pleasingly on landscape designs, but that so far as practical gardening is concerned, they know very little indeed. Yet these men are intruding themselves upon those who have forgotten more of horticulture than their new fledged landscape artists know, and in not a few cases are allowed to draw plans, make changes, and sug- gest or even superintend plantings for which they are grossly unfitted. I think I am safe in saying that not one landscape gardener, architect, or artist — choose whatever term you like best — in ten, is competent to draw up plans, suggest proper ])lantings, and see such carried out. I will take up another question, one which is of vital importance to everyone. I refer to gardeners' remunera- tions. I know many gardeners are getting too small a salary for the W'Ork they are doing. I know also that others are overpaid for the little they do and produce. I know further that on an average the scale of wages may seem low compared with that secured in other pro- fessions where a comparatively low degree of skill is needed. But conditions have much improved in 25 years, the rate of remuneration has advanced, and I believe the average practical gardener is, on the whole, more appre- ciated than a quarter of a century ago. We must always remember that gardening is more or less of a luxury ; we cannot fix or regulate salaries by any trades union, co- operative or other method : any such efforts would prove disastrous to our profession. We can, however, instill in the minds of our employers that confidence, and almost intimate relationship, which should exist between employer and employee. Such noted British patrons of horticulture as the Duke of Portland, Sir George Holford, the Hon. \'icary Gibbs, Sir Jeremiah Colman, and others I might name, look upon, and speak of their head gardeners as friends rather than employees, and are not afraid to say so on public occasions, when both are present. I feel we are approaching in some measure that condition here. Once real confidence exists, wages will regulate tliemselves. Let us do our work so well that our employers will feel that an advance in salary is well merited. All employers are not equally appre- ciative, however ; some there are who give praise grudg- ingly and find fault unstintedly. It is not necessary, however, for any first-class gardener to continue in- definitely with such, for there are many kindly and appre- ciative employers who would not starve the very souls of their employees for want of a few kind words, as some are doing. Xow, fellow members, you may not l>elieve it, but I do, that the principal reason why a great many of our mem- bers make no headway, is. because they fall considerably below the requirements of their employers. They don't measure up to their opportunities ; in short, they are stand-pats, and not progressives. I feel also that our profession is retarded, and seriously retarded, by a large proportion of the men within its ranks. There should be a w^eeding out of this incom])etent and undesirable ma- terial. How it can best be accomplished. I cannot say. Many have no right to the name of gardener. Such men should ne7rr be recommended to positions of trust by those who are asked to fill them. Co-operation is in the air. and here I can see hopes of much benefit to our craft. The National -Associa- tion of Gardeners is accomplishing a good work, not only for its own members, but the profession generally ; and I advise every gardener not yet a member, to join it. This is the onlv purely private gardeners' national asso- ciation in America, and the only one, in my estimation, which can be of real benefit to our members. While we have the friendliest of all feelings for the various trade bodies — I belong to at least five of these myself — and are always willing to help them in every possible way, we must remember that they have their own problems to face. \\'e also have others fully as complex. \\'c cannot in any trade society get tliat sympathy and ready sui)i)ort that is forthcoming in a body largely confined to practical gar- deners; therefore, if we can belong to but one national society, let it be the National .Vssociation of Gardeners. .■\s each year rolls (in, our perspective changes, and I want to say that it is changing very fast in favor of out- door horticulture. I am not underestimating the value of greenhouses : they are, however, not of vital imjKjrtance ; many first-class places have little glass, some none at all ; probably these greenhouses are visited a few times yearly, at most. They serve their purpose, but are invariably placed in as inconspicuous a place as ]50ssible, so as not to be a blot on the landscape. Now, the outdoor department is ever in view, and more men should equip themselves to handle this part effec- tivel}'. Trees and shrubs, their proper planting and care; hardy herbaceous plants; bulbs, both naturally and formally planted; tennis courts, their formation and care; fruit trees and their care; tree surgery, including both pruning and cement patching ; spraying, now of vast im- portance; proper rotation of farm and garden crops; live stock and their care ; bird protection — our winged aerial fleet is of supreme importance — these are a few subjects we should all be conversant with. Then again, do not let us give every moment to our estates ; we need some rela.xation. such as the fraternal orders oiTer us ; but let us, wherever possible, be of some little use to the comnnniity in which we reside ; we can all assist in civic betterment, liv aiding in the home and school garden movement, by encouraging the proper planting and caring of trees on our streets, by helping along the public grounds movements, and in other little ways trying to make conditions more pleasurable for young and old. We will get no salary for this, but there is the satisfaction of knowing that you are doing good to others. I have often beard gardeners speak contemjjtuously of book learning, and have even heard some say that thev never read a horticultural paper. Such men are to be pitied — they are never found in the van of progress. Our American horticultural papers may not be all that private gardeners could wish them to be, but they are filling their field acceptably, and every gardener should patronize one or more of them. Their price is low, and none of us are so advanced that we cannot learn something each week if we will do a little careful reading. I wish more gar- deners would send communications to the horticultural press, as is done in Europe ; I am sure the editors of all the papers would welcome such. I want to see our noble profession better recognized than it is today, to see its craftsmen more looked up to and esteemed, to see a better feeling existing betvv'een employer and employee. Let us all, therefore, labor unitediv to seek each others' welfare in a better grasping of the needs of our calling, and try to be of special help to those who need our aid the most, and remember that we who are constantly working assiduously in Nature's boundless workshop are working at the same time very close to the great Creator of all life ; therefore let our lives be as harmoniously beautiful and bountiful as are the works of Nature's God. Extracts from a paper read before the Gardeners' and Florists' Club of Boston, November 17, 1914. Work for the Month of December By Henry Gibson The Flower Garden. (Wixter Protectiox.) We have reached a period of the year when severe cold may be expected any time, and winter protection should be afforded whenever necessary. It is not a good plan to rush this work ahead when the weather is warm or it is likely that any benefit to be derived from giving the plants winter protection may be undone. Generally speaking, it is better to delay putting on any covering until the ground is well frozen. Then the mulching of whatever nature it may be will keep the ground frozen, which is just what is needed. Alternate freezings and thawings are bad for any plants, and especially those which have to stand the ex- treme cold of winter. Dutch bulbs should not be covered until the ground is well frozen. If covered before, frost will be practically excluded, and the soil thus remaining soft the bulbs have every opportunity of pushing ahead and when the time comes to remove the covering in the spring it will be found that the tulips and hyacinths will have such long and tender growths that even with the greatest care in uncovering many will be broken. Hardy Roses. Drawing up the soil to the centres of hybrid perpetual roses will be sufficient protection in the meantime, and a heavier mulch of litter may be applied later. In sec- tions where it is extremely cold it may be necessary to wrap the stems in straw in addition to mulching with leaves and soiling up. Pansies. Where pansies are wintered in cold frames it is an easy matter to carry them through successfully by scatter- ing a light coating of dry leaves over them. But be sure that they are dry; damp leaves soon weigh down the plants and cause decay. As the cold weather advances place sashes over them, taking care to air freely during warm spells. To winter successfully outdoors pansies should be planted on well drained ground. Leaves are excellent covering where they can be held in position, but in wind- swept locations this is difficult, and under such circum- stances, straw, salt marsh hay and similar material make the best covering. Rhododendrons. These are onlv hardy in the colder sections of the country when we'll protected. Often a good wind break of boughs will be found sufficient, and in other cases it may be necessary to put on a heavy mulch of leaves and erect a heavy frame work of evergreen branches above and around the beds. Where evergreen covering is hard to obtain, burlap may be used to advantage, but when this material is used provision should be made for a free circulation of air about the plants or much harm rnay result. Having adequate moisture at the roots is an im- portant factor in the wintering of not only Rhododen- drons, but other evergreens as well. IMore losses during the winter are due to drought than any other cause. Then, again, location has a good deal to do with how they come through. Those well shaded from the morn- ing sun will in all probability come through all right, while the same plants in a southern location would be scorched or killed outright. We all have noticed the brown scorched appearance of evergreens above the snow linCr and especially on the south side. This scorching is un- doubtedly caused by dryness at the roots. The heat of the mid-day sun causes a demand for moisture from the leaves, which cannot be supplied owing to the dry frozen condition of the soil. Protecting Evergreens from Snow. While on the subject of protecting evergreens it may not be out of place to say a word regarding their protec- tion from snow. The disfigurement of evergreens by being weighed down with snow is happily not so common a sight as it used to be. Gardeners are beginning to realize that it is to their advantage to attend to this before heavy snow storms are due. By dislodging the snow the branches of these trees may regain their proper position, but many of us kiiow from experience that this trudging out to dislodge wet, heavy snow, and tie in the branches, is no pleasant task on a stormy day. Nor is it necessary, if proper attention be given this work while the weather is fine and dry. This consists of tying in the branches with string or rope, and occupies but a short time com- pared to what it would take to replace the damage done, were it neglected. Moreover, there are evergreens that are not as hardy as others and this tying in would, in a measure, be extra protection from the cold. The Greenhouses. With the advent of colder weather, and consequently, the increased use of fire heat, it will be necessary to damp the walks in the house frequently to prevent having a dry arid atmosphere. In such an atmosphere our arch enemy, red spider, revels, and once he gets himself established its no mean undertaking to get rid of him. The cement paths usually found in private greenhouses are very nice to w-alk on, and neat to look at, but they don't hold moisture as does a path covered with gravel or fine ashes, so keep the hose in use, when you are firing hard. In houses where a night temperature of from 65 to 70 degrees is maintained it won"t harm a bit to damp down the path, when the fires are being attended to at bedtime. We have done it in a rose house, when firing heavy and the atmosphere felt arid. Sweet Peas. The plants which were raised from seed last August will bloom this month, and will be benefited by a little feed- ing, but care should be exercised in doing this with the short dark days upon us, or the plants may drop their buds. Cow manure well diluted is safe to use, or a light dressing of fine bone, pulverized sheep or cow manure can be applied. Strong chemical fertilizers at this time of the year should be avoided. A dose of nitrate of soda water and a succession of dark dull days would result in wilting the first day the sun was out. Violets. The whole of the shading should be cleaned ofif the violet houses, now, if not already done. Violets grow and thrive luxuriantly in the deep shade of the woods when growing naturally, but to obtain the best results when forced during the winter months they should have all the light possible. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 251 OPPORTUNITY TO EXPERIMENT WITH FOREIGN PLANTS. The Bureau of Plant Imlustry, U. S. Deiiartmeut uf Agriculture, is about to issue its catalogue which will describe over 8(X) species •or varieties of new foreisu plants, most of which have not been grown to any extent in this country. Familiarity with them is con- sequently very limited, and they are not like standard seeds and plants, the behavior of which can be predicted with more or less <-ertaiuty. They have been imported for trial because of some direct •or indirect use which it is believed can be made of them by Amer- icans. These plants are introduced primarily for use by the Federal and State Experiment stations of the country, but are available to such Ijrivate growers as have the necessary facilities and are desirous of testing them, notwithstanding the fact that they are quite un- tried commercially. Sinie these plants must ultimately be grown by private individuals before their commercial success is assured, it jiiay be well to point out that those private experiincntors who test these problematical new phmls are assisting in a very practical way in ihe plant introduction work of the country even though they are not paid for their work. It is often around the successful cultivation of a new introduc- tion by some private individual that a new plant industry begins. The new plants imported by this office of the Department of Agi-iciilture are in most cases so little known to experimentors that their scientific or even common names alone would convey little idea of their character. To enable him at any time to refresh his memory as to the use of any one of these introductions, special celluloid tags have been devised upon which are printed sixty words of description. These descriptive tags are attached lo the plants when they are sent out. The catalogue is made up of the identical descriptions which will appear upon the celluloid tags. The informatiou on the labels consists of the Plant Introduction (S. P. I.) number, under which the plants are known at all times, of the scientific name and a common name, when one has been adopted for this country, and a brief description of tlie plant with its uses, and, where possible at this time, a suggestion of the gen- <'ral region to which the plant is likely to be adapted. The Bureau of Plant Industry invites the cooperation of garden- ers in testing out these foreign plant introductions, both for green- house and outdoor purposes, to enable the Bureau to learn of their suitability for our varied climates. It is to be supposed that some ■of these introductions will adopt themselves to any of our climatic conditions and some only to certain conditions, while it will be found that others cannot he grown at all successfully in this coun- try. It is for the purpose of gaining knowledge of these plants' behijvior in different sections of the country that they are being distributed among those who signify a willingness to aid in the experiments. Gardeners desiring to interest themselves in this work are requested to address : I'. 11. Dorsett, in charge of Plant Introductions, Bureau of Plant Industry, Department of Agricul- ture, Washington, D. C. TIMELY HINTS FOR NOVEMBER, DECEMBER AND JANUARY. Collect egg masses of the tussock moth. Ctit out and burn all hickory trees infested with hickory bark beetle. Begin to spray fruit trees against the attacks of all scale in sects. Cut aw-ay all twigs and branches of plum and cherry trees infested with "Black Knot." Pick off all mummied fruit from peach and plum trees and gather all diseased fruit from the ground and burn. Prune and remove dead wood from trees. Treat cavities before freezing weather. Protect rhododendrons with evergreen boughs; partial shade during bright days in winter is all that is necessary against sun scald. Cut around the base of trees lo be moved this winter and fill trench with strawy manure. This will allow you to easily move tree with a frozen ball. Take out trees badly infested with the locust borer. Where apple orchards are badly infested with apple scab, plow to bury the fallen leaves, the chief sources of primary infection in the spring. For peach rust wash the trees in winter with ferrous sulphate one-fourth, to destroy spores. Inspect all pear trees for fire blight now and again in early spring before blossoms open and cut out and treat all cankers in main limbs and body. Use all of the fallen leaves for a mulch for the trees. Do not burn them. ( ut out portions of willow and poplar infested with the willow and poplar borer. — Tree Talk. NEED FOR SHADE TREE EXPERTS. Too little appreciation of tlie value of shade trees is evident in many towns and cities throughout the United States. The residents anil the cily ollicials do not realize how much more attractive their city would be if it had well-shaded streets and tiees about the residences. Perhaps this is because the majority of them have never seen such streets as, for instance, those in Washington. It is a condition which may be overcome by education. There is need for experts in shade tree conditions who are competent to fill positions for the care of a city's trees, as it will not be nuuiy years before all the progressive cities in the country will have shade tree commissions or departments having power to engage men to care for their shade trees. Provision is now being made for the apparent need of these men by several of the colleges which have already inaugurated, or are contem- plating inaugurating, a department for the training of experts in shade tree work. Several cities where the value of such trees has been appreci- ated have shade tree departments which not only provide for trees owned by the public, but give service for those privately owned, and in every instance where the management is competent and the appropriation suiiicient to meet the needs the citizens have reason to be proud of the result. — American Forestry. PROPOSED JOINT EXHIBITION AT NEWPORT, R. I. There is a good prospect of a big joint exhibition in Newport, R. I., next summer in which it is hoped that the three local horti- cultural oiganizations — the Newport Horticultural Society, The CMrden Club and the Garden Association — may participate, in conjunction with the American Sweet Pea Society and possibly the American Rose Society. At a recent meeting of the com- mittee of the Garden Association, they expressed themselves in favor of joining with the Horticultural Society in holding a sweet pea show at the Casino, and much interest has been mani- fested in the project. It is proposed to offer substantial prizes for sweet peas growing in tubs. The date suggested is about July 8, 191.5. Secretary Bunyard of the American Sweet Pea Society is doing all he can to further this interesting proposition and is endeavoring to induce the Rose Society to co-operate. If Mr. P.unyard's plans are backed up, Newport will have the most notable exhibition of the season. Roses should be very fine in that section at the time proposed and the Rose Society would be right in its element. — Hortieiilture. DEMANDING CONSERVATION OF THEIR TREES. Residents of Lake Forest. 111., stirred by the fact that the shade trees on the streets of their attractive town are not getting the proper care, recently held a mass meeting and presented to the City Council some resolutions demanding vigorous action. They mean to see that the City Council does not neglect their request and will do all they can to beautify their streets and gardens by planting appropriate trees and shrubbery and seeing that those already ])lanted receive proper care. The resolutions cpiote the fact that the care of trees and slinibbery against ravages of insects and disease is being weak- ened by ill-advised planting of trees not suitable for the ground and climate and asking the Cit}' Council to appoint a permanent commission to safeguard the trees of the city, this commission to be empowered to superintend such conservation and forestry «oik as is deemed advisable., to insist on cooperation from private owners, and if possible join with other towns in the vicinity in engaging a competent forester to oversee all advisable wo I k. — Ea-ch aiige. REPORT OF THE S. A. F. SCHOOL GARDEN COMMITTEE. Within twenty years the idea of school gardening has spread from Boston to the Pacific Ocean and to the Philippine Islands under United States Control. Twenty-two years ago at the S. A. F. convention, held in Washington, D. C, Mr. Robert Farquhar, of Boston, delivered an address recommending school gardening, from which we quote : "I think the members of this society should make a united effort to have the claims of lloriculture for children and kindred subjects recognized in all our schools. I feel sure that a large majority of the teachers would give their hearty support to wisely planned efl'orts in this dfrcction. I am honored by the acquaintance of one or two teachers who have for years distrib- uted many hundreds of plants among their little pupils and with most encouraging results." (Continued on page 259.) 252 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. Published by CHRONICLE PRESS, Inc. Office of Publication 286 FIFTH AVE., NEW YORK. MARTIN C. EBEL, Managing Editor. EDITORIAL OFFICES— MADISON, N. J. Subscriptioo Price, 12 Months, $1.00 :: :: :: Foreign. $1.50 Entered as second class matter Nov. 3, 1914. at the Post Office at New York, N. \., under the .\ct of llarch 3, 1879. Published on the 15th of each month. Advertising forms close on the 10th preceding publication. For advertising rates apply to Robert F. MacCTelland, 286 Fifth .\ve., New York, N. Y. All editorial matter should be addressed to M. C. Ebel, Editor, Madison, N. J. OFFICIAL ORGAN OF NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF GARDENERS President, Vice-President, Treasurer, WM. H. WAITE, T. W, EVERETT, JAMES STUART, Yonkers, N. Y. Glen Cove, N. Y. Mamaroneck, N. Y. Secretary, MARTIN C. EBEL, Madison, N. J. TRUSTEES FOR 1914. Peter Duff. Orange, N. J.; William Kleinheinz, Ogontz, Pa.; William Duckham, Madison, N. J.; Alexander MacKenzie, Highland Falls, N. Y. ; John H. Dodds, Wyncote, Pa. DIRECTORS. To serve until 1915 — John Shore, Harrison, N. Y.; Thomas Proctor, Lenox, Mass.; William N. Craig, Brookline, Mass.; Frank E. Witney, Fishkill, N. Y. ; Robert Williamson, Greenwich, Conn.; F. Kirk, Bar Harbor, Me.; James Bell, New York, N. Y. To serve until 1916 — Thomas W. Logan, Jenkintown, Pa.; John F. Huss, Hartford, Conn.; Jas. MacMachan, Tuxedo Park, N. Y.; .\. Bauer, Deal Beach, N. J.; John W. Jones, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Alexander McPherson, Washington. D. C. ; James "C. Shield, Monticello, 111. To serve until 1917 — A. J. Smith, Lake Geneva, Wis.; Theodore Wirth, Minneapolis. Minn.; Wm. Hetrick, San Gabriel, Cal. ; Robert .''ingus, Tarrytown. N. Y. ; Robert Bottomley, New Canaan, Conn.; Alex. Fraser, Newport, R. I.; Arthur Smith, Reading, Pa. AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PARK SUPERINTENDENTS President, GUSTAVE H. AMRHYN, New Haven, Conn. Sccretar\-Treasiirer, ROLAND W'. COTTERILL, Seattle, Wash. JOHN McLAREN, San Francisco, Cal. HERMAN MERKEL, New York, N. Y. Vice-Presidents, CARL W. FOHN, JOHN HENDERSON, Colorado Springs, Colo. Montreal, Canada. CHARLES HAIBLE, J. H. PROST, Newburgh, N. Y. Chicago, 111. Vol. XVIII. NOVEMBER, 1914. No. 7. The la\inan does not view- the shows with the sense of a horticulturist, who seeks the fine points and qualities of the blooms and plants exhibited. The former is looking^ for display ; something that will be pleasing to the eye, and he soon tires viewing long rows of blooms stuck in vases "all looking alike to him." Surprises must be inno- vated at flower shows as they are at other shows, if the public is to be catered to. ]More attention must be given to arrangement and in competition arrangement should count with the quality of the exhibits more so than it does now. It is with flower shows as it is with the playhouse — the public wants a frequent change of scene for it soon tires seeing "the same old thing," no matter how good the production may be. The fall flower shows of 1914 are now an event of the past. When general conditions are taken into considera- tion, as they affect the country at large, it can be said that interest in the shows, from the point of exhibits, was equal to previous years. From the point of attendance, interest seemed decidedly less favorable, especially at the more important shows. Horticulture sounds a timely warning when it states that there is something funda- mentally lacking in the appeal for support and that the right keynote to tune the people up to the proper pitch, and touch a responsive chord, has yet to be sounded. It adds that the sameness of exhibits and lack of decorative effects at our shows may cause popular interest in them to wane. We can subscribe to such a sentiment as we have heard murmurs at the shows this fall that they all seem alike and if you see one you have seen them all. The purpose of the Park Institute of New England, an account of which may be found elsewhere in these columns, are worthy of careful consideration on the part of park officials throughout the country. A chain of simi- lar organizations all hnked to the national association of the park superintendents suggests great possibilities, and the accomplishments of such territorial organizations could be made the basis of an interesting and helpful dis- cussion at the annual convention of the national organi- zation. There is no doubt that the demands on park of- ficials are multiplying. It is not so long ago that recrea- tional facilities were but a small factor in park tlevelop- ment, but they have become a tremendous factor of park management. To-day the civic improvement propa- ganda, which calls for city and town beautifying, makes additional demands upon park officials in many places. Park superintendency to a very large extent must be classed as a self-acquired science, and so the related ex- periences of one frequently prove helpful to another, especially where new conditions constantly enter into the work. Such suggestions as are provided for by the New England Park Institute should prove helpful to those who have the opportunity to participate in them. The cooperative spirit is now stirring among many local horticultural societies. Apropos to the cooperative movement between local organizations and the gardeners' national association, the following advice recently uttered by one of the foremost economists of our country, may, if accepted, prove helpful in what the gardeners are un- dertaking. Referring to commercial organizations he said, "Let us unite them in the work of creating an in- formed and sound public opinion. Let the work of doing that be parceled out with the genius that you who know the value of organization, of cooperation, of the sub- division of labor, in the management of your own affairs, have proved you possess. See that the wisest and ablest men of your community are placed in the executive posi- tions of your organizations. Make of yourself such earn- est and able lieutenants that the detail of organization may be complete and efl^ective. Understand fully that this means self-sacrificing service ; that it means an expendi- ture of time, and that it means constant, cooperative ef- fort. Through your organizations, see to it that every mis-statement of fact, whether made in the press, or in any public utterance, is challenged. Let men understand that loose statement, that mis-statement, can no longer go carelessly on." The suggestions contained in the quoted remarks can be adopted with profit by all organizations, whether commercial or professional, and if the recom- mendations are strictly observed must bear fruit wherever effort is directed. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 253 NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF GARDENERS w. H. WAITE, President, Yonkers, N. Y. OFFICIAL COMMUNICATIONS M. C. EBEL, Secretary, Madison, N. J. ANNUAL CONVENTION NATIONAL GARDENERS. ASSOCIATION OF Philadelphia, Pa., Wednesday and Thursday, December 9 and 10, 1914. The Committee on Arrangements — Tliomas Lo<;aii, William Klcinlieinz and .John H. IJodds — reports the following programme for tlio animal convention of the association: Wednesday Afternoon (Deccnilier 0). The hnsiness meeting vill be called to order jironiptly at 2 o'clock at TlorticiUtnral Hall, Broad and Locust streets, riiiladelphia, I'a. It is requested that all members attending the convention be in their seats promptly at that hour as one of the city officials will be on hand to welcome the visitors. After the meeting's routine business is disposed of and the officers for the new year elected, the members will be addressed by several prominent horticulturists on subjects per- taining to horticulture and to gardening in general. It was voted at the convention in Kew York last year that in future the ladies were to be invited to attend the conventions, so the ladies accompanying mend)ers will be welcome at the meeting. Wednesday Evening. The bampiet W'ill be lield at Horticul- tural Hall to which ladies and all friends of the members will be welcomed. At this 'writing Hnal plans have not been completed for the banquet, but the price of the dinner tickets will be nom- inal. Those intending to attend the banquet will notify David Rust. Horticultural Hall, I'hiladelpliia, I'a., at their early con- venience, stating how many tickets they wish to reserve. Early application for tickets will materially aid the local committee in completing their final arrangements. Thursday Morning iDeeember 10). A bowling tournament will be provided for the men. There will be lui team bowling; prizes ■will be ofl'ered for individual scores. During the bowling tourna- ment a shuffle board contest will occur for the ladies for which prizes will also be provided. Thursda.y Afternoon. Will be reserved for visits to the various growing establishments and nurseries about Philadelphia, many of the local firms having extended invitations to the gardeners to visit their establishments. Provision will be made by some of the firms to entertain gardeners, not interested in bowling, during the forenoon of that day also. The Hotel A\'alton, situated directly opposite Horticultural Hall, will be the headquarters of the association during the convention. Accommodations can be obtained at this hotel at nmderate rates. The committee invites exhibits of novelties, specimen plants and cut flowers. Same should be exjiressed. prepaid, to National Asso- ciation of Hardeners, care of David Rust. Hcnticultural Hall, Broad and Ix)cust streets. Philadelphia, Pa. The association's certificate will be awanled to meritorious exhibits. Further particulars of the convention can be obtained by ad- dressing the local committee at Philadelphia, or M. (!'. Ebel, secre- tary, Sladison. N. J. The following new members have been added to our roll: James Duff, W, A, Furniange, W. .1. Pasel. 1>. II. \'on A'ottser, Frank Maybury, .Tames H, Vanzant, Washington, D, C; Paul J. Zaiesky, Urbana, 111,; Kenneth McLean, Bar Harbor, Me.; Valentine Jlater- nonski, Portchester, N. Y.; Frederick W. Sparks, Gold, 111.; David W. Slade. Menlo Park, Cal.; Eugene B. Burgle, Mare Island, Cal,; John M. Dalv. Menlo Park. Cal.; K. T. Beers, Cromwell, Conn.; H. Morgan, Hartsdale, N. Y.; T. J. Morris, 'Irvington, X. Y.; Frank C. Tesar. Woodbine. N. J.; James P. JIcLennan, Lenox, Mass,; Albert E. Troke. Sharon, Pa. AMONG THE GARDENERS A new orange house has just been completed at Faulkner Farm, Brookline, Mass., the estate of E. O. Brandegee. W. N. Craig, superintendent. W. N. Craig lectured before the Gardeners' and Florists' Club of Boston on November 17 on "The Gardener and His Profession." of tlie Conn. R. M. Gillespie estate, "Forest Lodge," North Stamford, George F, Shaw, for the past .seven years superintendent of the G. W. Wiekersham estate, Cedarhurst, N. Y., recently resigned his position. Cliarles JlcCabe, formerly with Walther Luttgen, at Bethol, Conn,, has accejjted the position as gardener to W. E. Schall, New London, Conn. It is reported that Mrs, (ieorge D. Widener has purchased some additional property at Newjiort, R, I., on which an extensive range of ghiss is to be constructed. The sympathy of the gardener friends are extended to Robert Hunnick, of Newport, U, I., on his recent bereavement in the loss of his wife, Jane Carr Michael Hunnick, W. D. Robertson, formerly superintendent of the Benjamin Stern estate, Koslyn, N. V., has accepted tlie position of superin- tendent on the F. W. Wooluorth estate. Glen Cove, N, Y. William Kleinheinz,, superintendent of the P. .\. B. Widener estate, Ogontz, I'a., was re-elected president of the Clirys;inthennun Society of America at its annual meeting held in Indianapolis, Ind,, on Noveml)er 7, H, F. Smith, who is superintendent of the gardens of Percival Roberts, Narberth, Pa., is eonvalesing from a serious illness. He was moved to his own home on November 11 after a two monlhs'. stay in the hospital. The many friends of Lester Ortiz, superintendent of tlie W. P. Bliss estale. Hernardsville, N, J., will be pleased to hear that his health is again much improved, and that he is now rapidly recovering from his recent serious illness. Thomas Page, superintendent of "Brookside Gardens." Great Barrington. Mass., was the successful competitor for the Chrys- anthenumi Society of America's silver cuii for the best twelve blooms, Icmg stems, in fcdiage, at the Indianapolis show. In the greenhouses of E. S. Webster. Chestnut Hill, JIass., William Downs, the superintemlent. has a beautiful display of the bright winter blooming Begonia Jlrs. Ileal. The plants are In eight inch pots, and are large, bnsli.v specimens. Robert Fords Petrie, gardener to Dr. Millspaugh, Paterson, N, J., was married on October JiO, in New York, to Jcannette Wilson, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. (ieorge Wilson. The bride's father is suiierintendeut of the Iv. .T. Ta,vlor estate, Jericho, L, I. Frank MacNicoll, head gardener to F. B. Simpson. Empire City Farms, Cuba, N, Y., was married on the 7tli of October to Miss .-\gnes (Jrant Johnstone at Warkworth, Out. The bride is a native of Dundee, Scotland, where Jlr, MacNicoll met her on a visit abroad two years ago. Charles Sander, who has charge of P.rofessor C. S. Sargent's estate, Brookline, Mass., has a wonderful display of Nerines this season. In addition to all the known named varieties he has thousands of seedlings, many of which have flowered and they in- clude some grand sorts. William Plumb resigned his position as Superintendent of Floriculture of the Panama-Pacific E.xpo.sition, California, on November 1 to accept a position as manager of the estate at Ingenio "'.Santa Gertrudis" Banaguises, Cuba, for which island he sailed the early part of the month. H. Marschke, formerly of Tarrytown, N. Y., is now in charge Stephen Dombrosky has been appointed superintendent of the Benjamin Stern estate, Roslyn, N. Y., to succeed Mr. Robertson. Mr. Dombrosky was formerly superintendent to the late J. Pier- pont Jlorgan, ilighland Falls, N. Y.. being succeeded by Ale.xander MacKenzie, the present superintendent of that estate. 254 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. William Vert, gardener to Howard Gould, "Castle Gould," Port Wasliiugtou, N. Y., was successful in carryiug off six firsts, one secoud. and one third prize at the annual show of the Chrysanthe- mum Society of America held in Indianapolis. These prizes were won in open classes which included competition by commercial growers. Mr. Vert must be credited with quite an achievement considering the distance that his flowers had to be transported. Sabin Bolton, who has charge of the Heinze greenhouses, Pitts- burgh, I'a., has had a grand show of chrysanthemums in his fine block of houses, some thousands of plants, embracing all types are included. The public have had the privilege of inspecting the dis- play, and have availed themselves of it in large numbers. We regret to report tlie practical closing up of the beautiful Proctor Estate, Topsfield, Mass.' All the stock in the greenhouses has been disposed of. The fi-uits, plants and flowers from this noted establishment have won many gold and other medals at the Boston Shows. Tlie arboretum alone covers some three hundred acres, and is the only patch of the tliree thousand acre estate likely to be used for some j-ears. James JIarlbiu-ough was in charge of this fine estate. Some photographs of the rock garden appeared in the convention number of the Chronicle. ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. The following communication lias just been received by the committee appointed at the meeting of the Na- tional Association of Gardeners, held in Boston August last, to draft suitable resolutions conveying the sympathies of the organization to the European horticulturists : Royal Horticultural Society, Westminster, London, England. Nov. 3, 1914. Dear Sirs: — The council of our society are very grate- ful to yon and to the National Association of Gardeners for the kind and brotherly sympathies which yon extend to us and the other gardeners of Great Britain and else- zvhere in the present time of intense strain and distress. May zt'e hope that when the time comes for the rein- statement of the Belgium horticulturists we mav receive your active co-operation and financial support. Our society will start a fund of help zs.4ien the right time comes; but that time we grieve to say is not yet. ll'itli brotherly greetings to our fellozv gardeners in the States, I am, Yours very truly. W. Wilks, Sec'y. R. H. S. By order of the President and Council of the R. H. S. BRITISH GARDENERS' ASSOCIATION. London, N. W., September 29, 1914. To the National Association of Gardeners: Tlie members of the British Gardeners' Association send their cordial greetings to you, in reply to the inspir- ing message you recently sent. We shall be only too happy to do all in our poiver to help you in the co-operative movement you are inaugu- rating in the United States, and await your further sug- gestions. At the present time our country is shaken by an unfor- tunate conflict of arms, but zve are confident that the fu- ture for horticulture, the ivorld over, is very bright. We nrish the N. A. G. the greatest possible success in the tvork they have undertaken. With all good wishes, British Gardeners' Association, Cyril Harding, Gen'l Secy. CHAS. H. TOTTY MUCH IMPROVED. The news of Charles H. Totty's continual improvement will be received with cheer by his many friends in horti- cultural circles. The latest reports received indicate that it will not be long before Mr. Totty will be able to be about again and attend to his business as usual. Mr. Totty's illness came on him very suddenly. Ailing on Wednesday the fourth inst. he nevertheless felt able to attend the American Institute flower show in New York, on the afternoon of that day, but on Thursday he found it necessary to remain at home, suffering from what he at the time believed to be nothing more than a strain of the muscles. The pain increased and his physi- cian was called in later on that day, and on Friday, after an examination by a specialist Mr. Totty was removed from his home in Madison, N. J., to the Overlook Hospital in Summit, where immediately after his arrival he underwent an operation which disclosed that he was suffering from appendicitis in an acute form ; also, that his condition was very grave. By the following Sunday Mr. Totty commenced to show marked improvement, and hopes of his recovery were entertained. He has contin- ually gained in health since then and is now well on the road to recovery. Mr. Totty has been the recipient of many messages from numerous friends, wishing him a speedy and com- plete recovery and that his familiar face may soon be seen again where horticulturists congregate. MEETING OF THE NATIONAL FLOWER SHOW COMMITTEE. The National Flower Show Committee held a meeting in Philadelphia, November 11 and 12. It was decided to lease Convention Hall, in which to hold the Flower Show in 1916. Considerable discussion took place regarding the premium list. A list was provided for, the total value of which will be $15,000. Liberal apportionments to the different societies were made, the same to be con- tingent upon the usual conditions as to active coopera- tion. The premium committee was given authority to prepare a preliminary schedule on the basis thus de- termined, all special prizes being considered as part of the total valuation. A resolution was passed authorizing the secretary to raise a guarantee list to amount to $10,- 000. The secretary was authorized to sell space for trade e.xhibits at the show, upon the usual basis of compensa- tion for his services. The matter of the official pro- gramme was left in the hands of the local executive committee. Wm. Kleinheinz spoke of the thought he had given to the show and had every confidence in its success. He did not consider Convention Hall too far from the center of the city. He promised to support the show in every way he could, and said he would exhibit on a large scale, and that every private gardener around Philadelphia would also exhibit. John A. Dodds expressed his confidence in the success of the show, and said that he would make a large exhibit and lend his assistance in any direction required. Thomas Logan spoke for the private growers and promised their support, also his time and assistance in an effort to make the show a success. David Rust, secretary of the Horticultural Society of Pennsylvania, expressed his satisfaction with the pro- posed location of the show, and predicted a successful outcome. His society, he said, was ready to assist, and was awaiting definite information as to arrangements be- fore launching into the work of preparation. Chairman Asmus thanked all present for the interest they had shown in the undertaking. The National Flower Show Committee, he' said, would at once appoint the chairmen of the various committees to handle the work of preparation for the show. It was decided that the exact dates of the show would be announced later. John Young, Secretary. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 255 AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PARK SUPERINTENDENTS OFFICIAL G. S. AMRHYN, Pres., New Haven, Conn. COMMUNICATIONS. R. W. COTTERILL, Sec.-Treas., Seattle, Washington. ASSOCIATION NOTES. For tlie benefit of nieiiibuis wlio liave juiiied tlic A^soriation during recent years, following is tlie list of bulletins in pamphlet form wliich have been published from time to time and wliiih can be secured from the secretary: No. 1, 190(i — Floral Decorations in Paries or Scpiares. No. 2, 1007— Pruning; Moving Trees; Oiled Koails; Winter Sports. No. 3, 1007 — Water Gardens; The Herbaceous (larilcii: Hnllis; Playground Management; Cement Concrete Constnutioii. No. 4, 1007 — Construction of Koads, Drives and Patlis; E\cr- greens for Parks; Fertilizers. No. 5, lOO'J — Lighting; Plantations; Weed Killing; Park Signs; Surfacing Playgrounds: Gardeners; Cinder AValks. No. G, 1910^-Street Trees; Policing. No. 7, 1911 — Organization of a Park Commission; The Duties cf a Park Superintendent; Park Music; Park Statistics. No. 8, 1012— Park Seats; Park Rules; Drinking Fountains; Garbage Collection; Parks East and West. No. 9, 1912— Lawn ilowers; Crosscuttiug on Liwns; Dcstruc- •tion of Lawn Weeds; Lake Weeds. No. 11, 1914 — Insects Injurious to Shade and Ornamental Trees. These pamphlets are made up of comments on the subjects mentioned and other sundry subjects by members from all dift'er- «nt points of the country and are interesting side lights on the ■questions discussed. Jlembers at the time of publication were supplied, but new members who desire copies may secure such as they desire from the secretary without cost, simply remitting sullicient postage on the basis of two cents per pamphlet. The fecretary has on liand a liberal supply of Nos. 5, U, 7, 8 and 9 -with a limited luimber of the others. The sccretar\' also has on hand a large supply of copies of the following convention proceedings which might be of service to members who have joined since: Minneapolis. 1908; Seattle, 1909; Harrisburg, 1910: Kansas City, 1911, and Denver, 1013. These booklets contain many valuable papers and discussions, which are of real practical value. Jlembers desiring copies of any or all of these can secure the same by simjily remitting postage at two cents per copy. may pay dues and contribute to the support of the Association. This is also the case with our old friend C. M. Loring, formerly of Minneapolis but iu)w at Piverside, Cal., who carries double memborsliii) in order to be a voting and contributing member. The proceedings of the Newburgh-New York convention will be off the press and in the members' hands before the holidays, also the membership roster and revised by-laws. On accoiuit of the fact that no stenographic report was made of the last convention, the new secretary had a task before him in preparing the proceedings from memory and odds and ends, and unfortunately manj' valuable remarks and comments brought out in discussions were not recorded and will not appear. An error in our Bulletin No. 11 is called to our attention by <'. G. Heuston, Dominion Entomologist at Ottawa, Ontario, which should be noted by our members. Mr. Ileuston states: "In reference to the Small Ermine Moth, Hyponomeuta Padellus from Saskatoon, specimens sent in by Mr. H. H. Browne on examination proved to be the common ■Cherry Tree Tortrix, Archips cerasavorana Fitch. I am pleased to have this cleared up and to know there is no ground for the supposition that this serious pest has been introduced into this country." Reference to this moth appears on page 17 of our Bulletin No. 11, "Insects Injurious to Shade and Ornamental Trees," and members should cancel the reference on their copies, as the secre- tary has done in all copies on hand. The secretary is pleased to announce that the members are responding nicely to the call for prompt payment of dues, that all of the old bills as well as the new ones have been paid and the Association does not owe a dollar and is now on a cash Tjasis. This is as it should be and the ofTicers do not propose during the current year to incur indebtedness beyond the amoimt of the available revenue. Mr. John Dunbar, of Rochester, who was elected to honorary membership at the Newburgh session, in a letter to the secretary acknowledges his selection, expressing his surprise and apprecia- tion. Mr. Dunbar has requested that he be carried both as an Tionorary and as an active or senior member, in order that he The secretary would like information as to the correct address of Bernard F." Kifkin. who became a member at the Boston session in 1912 :uid has been carried on our roster as Superin- tendent of Parks at Heading, I'a. Another of our members, Wm. 1. Hoch, is superintendent at Reading, and states that Jlr. Rifkin lias never been comu'cted with the park dejiartnuuit of Reading and is not a resident of that city. Can some member give the secretaiy a little light on the subject? As a number of mcmliers of the Association who are not actively engaged in jiark work at present are in doubt as to the status of their membership, a statement of the substance of our laws in this regard is in order. Our laws provide that active or senior members who have been out of official service for more than two years must notify the Association and thereafter be classified as associate mendiers unless by special action in convention. If at a later date they return to public life they may be re-instated to senior nu'mber- ship upon application. Associate members, wlx'ther in or out of public service, can retain their membership indelinitely, unless dropped by action of the Association in convention. The official membership roster of the Association is to be pub- lished shortly and the secretary is anxious that it be as nearly correct and complete as possible. If the address on the wrapper of the magazine is not complete, if your title is wrong or your name missjiellcd. kindly notify the secretary at once, or else do not complain if the roster is in error. PARK DEPARTMENT PERSONALS. Past President W. H. Dunn, who missed the New York con- vention, is in business for himself at Kansas City, having resigned as superintendent of the Kansas City system. Mr. Dunn is now working on a city plan for Paris, Tex., -and. is..consulting landscape architect for a luimber of small .eifics of the South and Middle West. He says he will sure be' with us at the San Francisco convention and nury possibl^be back in public park work by that time. .", Henry K. Eckert, Superintendent of the State Reservation at Niagara, who was elected to membership at the Newburgh con- vention, writes: "I appreciate the honor conferred upon me in electing me a member of this great association and trust I may have the pleasure of meeting some of the memluus. if not all, at the San Francisco convention in 1915." The thirtieth annual report of the Niagara Reservation, just issued, contains a history of the reservation and is a most inter- esting document. Mr. Eckert will be glad to forward a copy of this book to any of our members who desire it. L. P. Jenson, landscape architect at Busch Place, St. Louis, writes his regrets at having missed the New York convention, as it is the first one he has missed in five years. Mr. .Tenson has been busy on some extensive concrete road construction and later on will submit an article on this subject with pictures showing the work he has been doing. He will also later con- tribute Un these columns an article on "The Value of Native Birds in Parks," which should prove interesting. R. C. Driver, for sixteen years past secretary and superin- tenilent of the Lynchburg (Va.) Park and Forestry Commission, has decided to try and locate in some larger city where his wide range of experience can be put to better use. Mr. Driver will sever his connection with the Lynchburg department on January 1, 191.5. Ralph R. Benedict, formerly construction engineer at Kansas City, who will be remembered by those who were at the Kansas city convention as the active young man who attended to so maiiy details of entertainment, is now filling the shoes of Mr. Dunii under the title of Assistant Executive Officer. Mr. Geo. E. Kessler as landscape architect is still 'with the department, but otherwise the commission and executive force at Kansas City 256 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. has completely changed since our most successful convention in that city in 1911. Andrew Balmer, for several years Superintendent of the Van- couver (B. C.) Parks, but disengaged for some time, has. through the agency of the secretary's office, been assigned as landscape gardener at the Washington State Reformatory. ^Members who attended the Boston convention will jirobably remember Mr. Balmer's collection of photographs whicli he displayed, showing the big trees of Stanley Park in Vancouver. Frank C. Hargett, of Frederick, 5Id., who has been doing ex- cellent work in the operation of educational gardens in his native cit.T, desires to broaden liis field of usefulness and is anxious to become assistant superintendent of tlie park system of some metropolitan city. Jlr. Hargett has made a splendid record at Frederick and is vouched for by F. L. Mulford, of the U, S. De- partment of Agriculture, and (Jeo. W. Hess, of the U. S. Botanic Gardens at Washington, D. C. Laurie D. Cox, landscape engineer for the Los Angeles park department for many years, has severed his connection with that department. Mr. Cox is a Bostonian and attended the recent Newburgh convention, but at that time did not make known his change of plans. Without detinite information on tlie subject, we are of the opinion that Mr. Ctox expects to go into business for himself. W. H. COLDWELL PRESENTED WITH LOVING CUP. Without an inkling of what was to occur, Wilhani H. Coldwell was recently surprised at his camp, "For-get-it," on Stormville Mountain, opposite Newburgh, N. Y., by the appearance of President Gustave X. Amrhvn, James B. Shea and Wilham J. Zartman, a committee of the American Association of Park Superintendents, accom- panied by Mayor John B. Corwin, Park Commissioner Wilham Cook Belknap and E. C. Ross, of Newburgh. Earlier in the month Mr. Coldwell had been asked to entertain a few guests for the week end at his camp and to designate a convenient time to have his friends visit him. LOVING CUP PRKSEKTED '10 WM. II. COLDWELL BY FRIENDS IN THE .\MERIC.\N .\SSOCI.\TION. OF P.\RK SUPERINTENDENTS. HIS As the party was assembled in the evening at the con- clusion of dinner, Mr. Shea "sprang the surprise," when, with well chosen words, he presented Mr, Coldwell with a handsome loving cup, the gift of his many friends in the American Association of Park Superintendents, in commemoration of their cordial reception at Newburgh last August, and in appreciation of the indefatigable serv- ices Mr, Coldwell rendered in connection with the 1914 convention. Mr. Shea was followed by the other mem- bers of the committee, who joined in thanking Mr. Cold- well, and the officials of the city of Newburgh, for the genial hospitality that the association met v^'ith during its stay in their city ; to which Mr. Coldwell and the others present responded fittingly. WILLI.\M H. COLDWELL. William H. Coldwell, who numbers his friends in every city from the Atlantic to the Pacific, was born in New- burgh in the year 1863, Graduating from the i)ublic schools of that city, he entered the machine shops of the Coldwell Lawn slower Company and began his educa- tion in lawn mower building at the very bottom and grad- ually worked his way up. When he gained the knowledge of the construction of lawn mowers he engaged in the selling end of the business and for some years represented the company on the road, during which time he ac- cumulated a host of friends throughout the country. On the death of his father some eight years ago Mr. Coldwell became president and general manager of the Coldwell Lawn Mower Com|3any, which office he occupies today. It is said that the hobby, outside of directing the aflfairs of his company, from which Mr, Coldwell derives most pleasure is the gardens which surround his home. He there seeks much of his recreation and enjoys working among the many rare plants and flowers that are planted in his home grountls. PARK INSTITUTE OF NEW ENGLAND. Nineteen park men from eleven cities in New England met on October 22 at Hartford, Conn., to organize for the study and discussion of park and play ground prob- lems. The purpose of the organization, which is named Park Institute of New England, is set forth in the fol- lowing resolution presented by George A. Parker, Super- intendent of Parks of the city of Hartford, which was adopted by the meeting: ^Vc. citizens of the (liffimii cities of New England, interested in municipal parks and plaiigronnds. and desirot4s of makitiff arailaVle to each of us and to the puhlie such knou-ledfje and experience, arisinei from the methods and niana(iemcnt of parks and play- grounds by cities, in order that they may give increased opportunity for the groirth and derclopment of children and young people, and and to the comfort and happiness of grown ups, do agree to form onrsclres into a Park Institute from New England, and to abide by the foUoieing conditions: 1. One member shall hare entire charge of the affairs of the In- stitute, to be known as its manager, who may make assessments as needed, arrange for meetings, and do whatsoever icork as in hit judgment is necessary. He is to serve without compensation, and THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 257 for une year or until his succcusor is chosen, to he elected at the first meeting held after the first of ■lanuary each year. 2. There may he six meetings each year, to consist of ad^lresscs, papers, theses and discussions which may he typewritten and sent to each member as requested. o. Candidates for )nemhershiii may lie imt/iosid liy any nunihcr. the rote being takin by letter, three negatives to reject. Each member at the first meeting to prepare a thesis upon some subject of his own choosing. 4. Each member agrees to prepare papers and addresses on any topic that may be assigned him by the manager, or to lead or take part in the dis'ustion. to serve on committees of investigation or other matters us the manager may direct. 5. 'I'hc manager may drop from the role those members who jail to attend three consccutire meetings. (). As the /juriiosc of thar Company, has severed his connection with this concern and accepted a positioa as manager of Hitchings & Company's New York office. Mr. F. W. Armitage, general sales manager for the- company, being relieved by Mr. Cox of the direct care of this office, we luiderstand will now divide his time between their various liranch offices, in general sales and promotion work. ORCHIDS Wc are Spccinlist.s lu Orchids, we colkct. grow. Import, psiwrt and BeH orchids excluslvel.T. It you arc in the market for Orchids we solicit jonr ini)uirif;s and orders. Catalogues and special lists on applimtion. Lager & Hurrell, Orchid Growers and Importers, SUMMIT, N. J. a I iiiiimiiiii iiiiiiiiiiii mini iiiiii imiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimii iiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiii iiiitffli i i»i«i I WATER LILIES and SUB-AQUATIC PLANTS | I Trees. !)ushes anil perniiiiMl |. hints. ev.Tvtliin; r..r tli.- Water flnrlen j = or artifleinl ponil. 11 .vmii are euuteiiiiihitin:; tlii^ euiistruetion of a g i pond write me and I will give .\ou the benefit of my 25 years' expert- g i ence. f^end for my Cati'Ioir. containing the best collection of Water = i Lilies. Hardv ?.nd Tender; Hardy Old-fashioned Garden Flowers. Hyhnd g^ i Tea Eoses. Evergreen Japan Azaleas, liliwlodendrons and many choice g: 1 Novelties. Sc'jMl for Book. "Making a Water Garden." 55 cents prepaid, j I WM. TRICKER, Water Lily Specialist, Arlington. N. 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HILL NURSERY CO. | I Z..rT,:rOrTJrVt'll^',ric.. ■>„ 305 DtindCe. 111. | riiimiiiii iimiiim iiiiiiimaiiii iiiiuiiiiim i miiiii iiiiiiiiiimii iiiiiii iiiiii iimiiiiiiimiiiin; t;miiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiii iiiiiimmiiiiiiiiiiiiiimimimiHiiiinimmiiiiii ii imiimiiiii iiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiimmiiiiiiii mmmiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiia I ORNAMENTAL IRON WORK | I For Lawns and Gardens. | I Chas. C. Force & Son, | I LET U.S ESTIMATE ON YOUR WANTS. | I Madison Iron Works, Madison, N. J. | liiiiiiiiniiiiiiiii IIIIIIIIII iiiiiniiiiiimmmmiiiiiiiimiim iim iiiiiiimiiiiii miiiiiiii mi iiiiiimmiiiiiiiin iiiiiiiiiiimiuiiiiiimiiiii? IIIIIIIIII I iiiiiiiitniiiii iniimmmmmiiiiiiiii iniiiiiiimm iiii iiiiinim nun mil ii iiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiii| I H/\RRY B/\LD\A/IIN | = Manufacturer ot = I GREEN-HOUSE SHADING | I LATH ROLLER BLINDS | I 18 Church St. NEW ROCHELLE, N. Y. | ^ n I nil mil II II nil «« n "i""'" '" >"i' " "i"'" ""''^' 262 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. National Association of Gardeners. M. C. Ebel, secretary, Madison, N. J. Society of American Florists and Orna- mental Horticulturists. John Young, secretary, 54 West 28th street. New York. American Carnation Society. A. F. J. Bauer, secretary, Indianapolis, Ind. American Gladiolus Society. iL. Merton Gage, secretary, Wellesley, Mass. American Peony Society. A. B. Saunders, secretary, Clinton, N. Y. American Rose Society. B. Hammond, secretary, Fishkill, N. Y. American Sweet Pea Society. H. A. Bunyard, secretary, 342 West 14th street, New York. Chrysanthemum Society of America. Charles W. Johnson, secretary, Morgan Park, 111. LOCAL SOCIETIES Bemardsville Horticultural Society. W. G. Carter, secretary, Bemardsville, N. J. Meets first Thursday every month, Hor- "ticultural Hall, Bemardsville, N. J. Boston Gardeners' and Florists' Club. William N. Craig, secretary, Brookline, Mass. Meets third Tuesday every month, Horti- ■cultural Hall, Boston, Mass., 8 p. m. Connecticut Horticultural Society. Alfred Dixon, secretary, Wethersfield, Conn. Meets second and fourth Fridays every .month. County Building, Hartford, Conn., 8 p. m. Dobbs Ferry Gardeners' Association. Henry Kastberg, secretary, Dobbs Ferry, J^. Y. Meets first Saturday each mouth. Dutchess County Horticultural Society. Herbert G. Cottan, secretary, Wappinger Falls. Meets at Poughkeepsie, N. Y., second Wednesday every month except May and June. Elberon Horticultural Society. George Masson. secretary, Oakhurst, N. J. Meets first Monday every month. Fire Hall, Elberon, N. J., 8 p. m. 'Florists' and Gardeners' Club of Holyoke and Northampton, Mass. James Whiting, secretary, Amherst, Mass. Meets second Tuesday every month. 'Gardeners' and Florists' Club of Baltimore. N. F. Flittin, secretary, Paterson Park, Baltimore, Md. Meets second and fourth Monday every month. Florist Exchange Hall. The Horticultural Society of New York. Geo. V. Nash, secretary, Bronx Park, New York City. Meets monthly, irregular. May to Octo- ber, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx ■Park, New York. November to April, American Museum of Natural History, 77th ■•treet and Columbus avenue. New York. Lake Geneva Gardeners' and Foremen's Association. W. II. Griffits, secretary, Lake Geneva, Wis. Meets lirst and third Saturday every month, October to Ai)ril; first Saturday every month. May to September, Horticul- tural Hall. Lenox Horticultural Society. G. H. Instone, secretary, Lenox, Mass. Meets Hist Saturday every month. Los Angeles County Horticultural Society. Henry W. Kruckeberg, secretary. Meets first Tuesday every month. Massachusetts Horticultural Society. William P. Kich, secretary, 300 Massachu- setts avenue, Boston, Mass. Menlo Park Horticultural Society. Percy Ellings, secretary, Menlo Park, Cal. Meets second Thursday eacli month. Monmouth County Horticultural Society. Harry Kettle, secretary, Fairhaven, N. J. Meets fourth Friday every month, Mon- mouth Boat Club, Red Bank, N. J. Montreal Gardeners' and Florists' Club. W. H. Horobin, secretary, 283 Marquette street. Meets first Monday every month, Mon- treal Florists Exchange. Morris County Florists' and Gardeners' Society. Edward J. Reagan, secretary, Morristown, N. J. Meets at Madison, N. J., second Wednes- day every month, except July and August, 8 p. m. Nassau County Horticultural Society. Ernest Westlake, secretary. Glen Cove, N. Y. Meets second Wednesday every month, Pembroke Hall, Glen Cove, N. Y., 6 p. m. New Bedford Horticultural Society. Jeremiah M. Taber, secretary. Meets first Monday every month. New Jersey Floricultural Society. Geo. W. Strange, secretary, 216 Main street, Orange, N. J. Meets first Monday every month, Jr. 0. W. A. M. Hall, Orange, N. J., 8 p. m. New London Horticultural Society. John Humphie}', secretary. New London, Conn, Meets second Thursday every month, 38 Main street. New London, Conn. Newport Horticultural Society. Wm, Gray, secretary, Newport, R. I. Meets second and fourth Tuesday every month. New York Florist Club. John Young, secretary. 54 W. 28th street. New York. l\ieets second Monday every month, Grand Opera House. North Shore Horticultural Society. Jas. Slater, secretary, Manchester, Mass, Meets first and third Fridays every month. North Shore Horticultural Society. E. Bollinger, secretary. Lake Forest, 111, Meets first Friday every month. City Hall. North Westchester County Horticultural and Agricultural Society. M, J, O'Brien, secretary, Mt, Kisco, N. Y. Meets third Thursday every month, ex- cept June, July and August, at 8 p. m.; December, January and February, 3 p. m., Odd Fellows Hall, Mt. Kisco, Oyster Bay Horticultural Society. Fred Kirkham, secretary, Glen Head, N. Y. Meets fourth Friday every month, Board of Trade, Oyster Bay, N. V., 8 p. m. Pacific Coast Horticultural Society. W. A. Hofinghotf, secretary, 711 Westbank Bldg. Meets first Saturday every month, Red- men's Bldg. Pasadena Horticultural Society. Geo. B. Kennedy, secretary, 497 Bradford street, Pasadena, Cal. Meets first and fourth Friday every month. Paterson Floricultural Society. Sebastian Hubschmitt, secretary, 61 Seventh avenue, Paterson, N. J. Meets first Tuesday every month, Ro- maine Building, 8 p. m. Pennsylvania Horticultural Society. David Rust, secretary, liroad and Locust streets, Philadelphia, Pa. Meets third Tuesday every month. Horti- cultural Hall, 8 p. m. People's Park Cottage Gardeners' Associa- tion. John Ainscougb, secretary, 4 Chestnut street, Paterson, N. J. Meets first and last Friday every month. Working Man's Institute, Madison avenue, Paterson, N, J. Philadelphia Florists' Club. David Rust, secretary. Broad and Locust streets, Philadelphia, Pa. Meets first Tuesday every month. Horti- cultural Hall, Philadelphia, Pa., 8 p. m. The Pittsburgh Florists' and Gardeners' Club. H. P. Joslin, secretary, Ben Avon, Pa. Meets first Thursday every month, Fort Pitt Hotel, Pittsburgh, Pa. Rhode Island Horticultural Society. A. C. Miller, secretary, 7 Irving avenue, Providence, R. I. Meets fourth Monday every month. Provi- dence Public Library, 8 p. in. Shelter Island Horticultural and Agricul- tural Society. Fred Kirkliam. secretary. Shelter Island, N. 'y. Meets first and third Thurs'laya every month, Southampton Horticultural Society. William McLeod, secretary. Meets first Thursday every month. Me- morial Hall, Soutliainpton, N. Y. Tarrytown Horticultural Society. E. W. Neubrand, secretary, Tarytown, N, Y. Meets last Tuesday every month, except December, Corporation Building, Tarrytown, N, Y., 7:30 p. m. Annual meeting last Thursday in December. Tuxedo Horticultural Society. Thomas Wilson, secretary, Tuxedo Park, N. Y, Jfeets first Wednesday every month. Parish House, Tuxedo Park. Washington, D. C, Florist Club. J, L. Mayljerry, secretary, Washington, D. C. Meets first Slonday every month. Yonkers Horticultural Society. Thos, Mahouey, secretary, Yonkers, N. Y. Meets first Friday every month, Holly- wood Inn, Yonkers, N. Y„ 8 p. m Westchester and Fairfield Horticultural Society. J. B. McArdle, secretary, Greenwich, Conn. Meets second Friday every month, Dor- an's Hall, Greenwich, Conn., 8 p. m. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 263 GARDENERS DIARY American Carnation Society, show, Biithilo, N. Y., January 15. Aniuuil International Flower Show. New York, March 17-:i.S, 1111.".. NEW YORK SHOWS. The annual fall exhibition of the Horti- cultural Society of Xew York oiiened on Friday, October 30, and continued to Tues- day, Xovcmbcr 3. As is customary, on the evenina of the opening da.v. the members of the society visited the exhibition, and this brought out a birge attendance of many of New YorkV well-known people. While the display of lloweis was not as large as it has been at some of the ]irevious fall shows, the quality of the exhibition, however, was of the usnal high standard. The judges' were F. Heeremans, Lenox, Mass.; George Farlsham, Lenox. Mass. ; Rob- ert Cameron, Cambridge, Mass.; Jolin H. Gratorex, Newport, R. L; Robert E. Tyson, Convent. X. J.; Thomas Murray, Tuxedo Park, N. Y. The prize winners were as follows: Chrysautlicnumi Plants. Spcciraon bushes in not less than 14-inch pots. YcUow — 1st. .\dolpli Ij'wisnlin, .\rdslev, N. Y. I Kurd., .Tobu Canning I. with variety K. F. Felton. White — 1st. .\dolph Lcwisuhn, .\i-dsle.v. N. Y., with va- riet.v Lady Ijydia. Tinli — 1st, .\dolpli Lpwis- ohn! witli variety Wells' Ijite I'inli. .\ny other color — 1st. .\dolpli Lewisohn, with variety Greystune. Sweepstalies tor finest and best bush plant. Society's silver cup, valued at $10(1 — 1st. .\dolph Lewisohn, with Wells' Uite Pinlc. lu not more than 14-inch pots — Y'ellow — 2nd. Grcentree Greenhouses, Manhasset, N. Y. (sard., L. G. Forbes). Specimen odd shape, not less than 4 feet In diameter, in not less than 14-iuch pot. An.v color — 1st, Adolph Lewisohn, with variety Lady Lydia, grown in fan shape. t'hrysantheiuums — Cut Flowers. Six whites — 1st. !■'. Heeremans, Lenox. Mass., with va- riety Mrs. Gilbert Drabble: 2nd, Mrs. S. Neu- stadt. Chaiipaiiua, N. Y. (gard., David Gordon), with variety Wm. Turner. Six Pinks — 1st, Percy (Jhubi). (ilen Cove. L. I. (sard.. Franlc Honeyman) : 2Dd, Mrs. S. Neustadt. Six yel- low— 1st. Grcentree Greenhouses, with F. S. Vallis : 2nd, Percy Chubb, with variety Mary Donnellnn. Six red — 1st. Samuel Untermeyer (gard.. W. II. Waite), with Gertrude Peers; 2nd, Percy Chubb. Six any other color — 1st. Mrs. S. Neustadt ; 2nd. Percy Chubb. Vase of 1.5 one or more varieties, arranged for effect, any other foliage permitted — 1st, Ili'ury W. Boettger Estate.' Kiverdale. N. Y. (gard., Ru- dolph riei'dkamp) : 2nd, F. E. Lewis, Ridge- field, Conn, (gard., J. Smith). Twelve vases, 12 varieties, three of each — 1st, Miss M. T. Cockcroft. Saugatuck. Conn. Igard.. Adam Patterson): 2nd, Samuel Untermeyer: Svil, Adolph Lewisohn. Twenty-four varieties, one of each variet.v — 1st. W. E. S. Griswold, Lenox, Mass. (gard.. .\lfred .T. Lovelass) : 2nd, .Vdolph Lewisohn. Six varieties, one of each variety — growers with over 2. .500 square feet of glass not eligible — 1st. (Jreentree Greenhouses; 2nd. H. W. Boettger Estate and Howard Cole, Mad- ison. N. J. (gard., W. R. Fowkes). Collection pompons, 24 varieties — 1st, "Seven Oaks." Mamaroneck, N. Y'. (gard., P. W. Popp). Col- lection pompons, 12 varieties — 1st, Chas. Mal- lory. Port Chester. N. Y. (gard., Wm. J. Sealey) ; 2nd, Fred. Sturges, Fairfield, Conn, (gard.. Thomas Belli. Collection of single and -Anemones or either, 12 varieties — Ist, Miss C. A. Bliss, New Canaan, Conn, (gard., John T. Burns) ; 2ud, Fred Sturges. Roses. C;ut Flowers. — Twelve .\merican Beauty — 1st. .James .\. Duke. Somervllle, N. J. (gard.. A. .\. Macdonald). Eighteen red — 1st, Howard Cede, with Iladlev. Eighteen white — 1st, Howard Cole, with Double White Kil- larney. Eighteen pink — 1st. .lames B. Duke: 2nd. Howard Cole. Eighteen yellow — 1st. Henry W. Boettger Estate, with Sunburst : 2nd. H. Cole, with Sunburst. Vase ,"iO assorted, arranged ten- effect — 1st, Henry W. Boettger, Estate: 2nd. Henry C. Sturges, Fairfield, Conn. (gard.. Henry Kulberg). Carnntifins" — Cut Flnwers. — Eighteen white — 1st. Daniel G. Reid : Miss C. A. Bliss, Eigli- tcen Enchantress Shade — 1st. Miss C. A. Bliss, with Enchantress ; 2nd. Daniel G. Reid. Eigh- teen Winscr Sbadi — 1st. Miss C. A. Bliss, with Rose Pink Enchantress. Eighteen Lawson Shade — 1st, .lames A. Macdouald, Flushing, N. V. Igard.. R. Hughes i, with a seedling. Eigh- ti'en scarlet — 1st. Miss C. A, Bliss, with Bea- con ; 2nd. Danii'l (!. Reid. Eighteen crimson — 1st. Daniel G. Redd, Irvingtoh, N. Y. Isnpt.. .Vrthur W. Guiding I : 2nd, Miss C. A. Bliss, laghteeu Wliite ground, variegated — 1st. Miss ('. .\. miss, witli Benora. Sweepstakes for rinest vase, bronze medal. — Daniel Reid. Foliage and Decorative Plants. Open to .\1I. — Specimen Begonia Gloire de Lorraine — 1st. Sidney .M. and .\ustiu Colgate, Orange. N. .1, Igard'., William Keid), Specimen Cibotium Schi.'dei — 1st, Henry W. Boettger Estate, Riv- erdale. N. Y'. .Specimen Davallia Fi.iii'nsis — 1st. Mrs. .7. B. Trevor, Y'onkers, N. V. ; 2nd. Wiuthrop Sargent, Beacon, N. Y. (gard., F. E. Witney ) . Orchids. — Collection, not less than 12 species and varieties (species to be considered in pref- erence to varieties), covering 25 square feet of table space — 1st, Clement Moore. One Cattle- ya. in bloom — 1st. F. E. Lewis : 2nd. Clement Moore. One Oncidium, in bloom — 1st, Henry W. Boettger Estate. Display of I.,aelio-cattie- vas, Brasso-cattlevas, Brasso-la?llas, or hybrid Cattleyas. f?old medal or $25— 1st, Clement Moore (gard., .1. P. Mossman). Special Prizes. — R. D. Foote, Morristown, N. .J. (gard.. .J. K. tnndabury), four bunches white and live bunches black grapes ; Henry W. Boettger Estate, plant of Nep'hrolopis Exalfata Scottii ; Mrs. F. A. Constable, Mamaroneck. N. Y. (gard.. .Tames Stuart), collection of cut Nerines ; .Seven Oaks, Mamaroneck, N. Y. (gard., P. W. Popp), display of dahlias : .Tames b; Duke. Somerville, N. J. (gard.. .\. .\. Mac- donald). vase of rose Ophelia: Peter Ilauck, .Tr., East Orange. N. ,1. (gard.. Max Schneider), pan of chrysanthemum "Glory of Seven Oaks." The eighty-third annual sluiw of the .American Institute, New Y'ork, was held in the Engineering building, on November 4 to (i, inclusive. The judges were: Eugene Dailledouze, Peter Dntf, Geo. Middleton, .J. (!. McNieoll, Edward Reagan and Arthur Herrington. This was saiil to be, and apparently was, tlie largest and best exhibition which the .\merican Institute has ever held. AWARDS TO PRIVATE GROWERS. .Tames Ma(d)iinald. gardener to .T. H. Ottlcy, Glen Cove. .\. V. — 1st for each of the follow- ing : 24 blooms Mums, 1 variety, long stems : I! blooms Mums, new variety, white ; 12 blooms .\merican Beauty Roses : 15 blooms yel- low Roses with Sunburst. W. H. Waite, super- intendent for Satnuel Untermeyer, Y'onkers, N. Y'. — 1st. IS blooms Mums, 6 varieties, trebles; 1st, l.S blooms Mums, 3 varieties, 6 flowers each ; 1st, 12 Mum plants in variety single stems : special for 12 varieties of Mums, one bloom each, Wm. H. Duckham. superintend- ent to Mrs. D. Willis James, Madison, N. .T. — 1st, for 12 blooms, 12 varieties. Mums ; 1st. for 6 blooms. G varieties. James Bell, gardener to C. Iv. G. Billings, New York Cit.y — 1st, tor each of the following : 10 blooms Mums any bronze variety : 10 blooms any white variety ; 6 blooms Japanese incurved, bronze variety ; 6 blooms Anemone varieties, any white variety ; 6 .\neniones. any yellow variet.v : 0 .Anemones, any pink variety: vase of new .Vuemoni' flowered varieties : 12 bush plants as grown for market ; special for 24 blooms of .Mums. 1 variety : special for vase of 10 blooms of lironzi' Mums ; special for vase of G blooms J.-ipanese in^'urved pink Mums. Ernest Robinson, gar- dener to Miss M. F. Plant, Grotou. Conn — 1st. 10 blooms Mums, pink ; 1st, 10 hlomiis Mums, ycdlovv, and 1st, (» blooms Japanese incurved Mums, white. Frank Honeyman. gardener to Percy Chubb. Glen Cove. N. Y. — 1st. for eaeh of the following: 10 blooms Chrysanthemums, crimson: G white; G pink; six crimson: G .lap- anese reflexed pink ; 0 Japanese reflcxed crim- son ; and special for each of the following: 10 blooms white ; 10 pink ; 10 any variety : vase 6 blooms .Japanese incurved yellow. J. W. Everitt, gardener to John T. Pratt, C;ien Cove. N. Y. — 1st for each of the following: G blooms yellow Mums; 10 any variety; 6 Japanese in curved yellow; 6 plants one variety, single stems ; and special for each of the following : collection 12 varieties: 10 blooms crimson: G pink ; G crimson : 6 Japanese incurved white ; G Japanese incurved pink; and for coUeclion of single Mums. .\. Williams. KIberon. N. J. 1st. G blooms Mums, bronze: Ist. G blooms Japanese reflexed bronze: and 1st. ('< .\niMnones. crimson: and special for each' of the following: G Japanese reflexed yellow :• G .Vncmone .Mums: vase of .Anemone (lowered varieties, and for vase of hardy and jiompon Mums. .Tos. Tanse.\'. superintendent to IJ. M. Tilford. Tuxedo Pai'k. N. Y. — 1st for each of the following: G bloiuns Japanese incurved pink: best 15 pink Roses: best 15 white Roses; best 15 crimson Roses: best G varii'ties. 12 blooms each. Carnations : best three varieties, 12 blooms each. Carnations : best vase, 12 blooms one variety, Carnations; special for 12 varieties, one bloom each Munis; and special for 15 bloofus yellow Roses. Wra. \ert. gardener to Howard (iould, Pt. Washing- ton, N. V. — 1st. G blooms Japanese incurved .Mums, crimson.; special for 10 blooms yellow Mums ; special for 10 blooms bronze Mums, and special for three varieties (Jarnatlons. 12 blooms each. Frank Black, gardener to Clar- t'nce I'.'. Chapman, Oakland, N. J. — 1st, for 6 lilooms ,lapanese reflcxed Mums, white ; 1st for G blocnns Japanese reflexed Mutns, yellow, .los. (;. P. Kennedy, gardener to Mrs. J. S. Lyie, Tenally. N. J. — 1st, for B blooms of Anemone Mums," bronze; 1st, for G blooms new Mums, hairy and plume varieties; and special for hunch of viidets. Thos, Wilson, gardener to .Mrs. G. .Murray Mitchell, Tuxedo Park, N. Y. — 1st. for G blooms Mums, new variety. Henry (Jaut, gardener to Herbert L. Pratt. Glen Cove, N. Y'. — 1st. for vase of single new varieties seedling Mums, a very meritorious exhibit; special for vase of 10 blooms yelbiw Mums; and special for two vases of single .\nemone Mums. Chas. L. Stanley. I'lainfleld, N. J. — 1st, best collection 10 vases pompom Mums; 1st, vase of 25 blooms Carnations, one variety: special for display of single pomiions and ('aprice varicjties of Mums. Peter Duff, gardener to Mrs. J. Crosby llrown. Orange. N. J.. 1st. for each of the following : one specimen busli white Mum ; specinu.'ii hush, yellow; standard Mum, white; standard Mnm, pink, with Mme, .Martinetto- standard Mum, yellow : and special for each of the following ; biisii Alum plant (iarza ; standard plant Garza : standard L'.Africana : standard Uidy Lydia : standard Mum Mrs. R. Hooper I'earson. Rudolph Heldkamp, gardener to Henry Boettger Estate, Riverdale, N. Y. -1st, for specimen fern. Wm. B. Thompson. A'onkers, N. Y'. — 1st. best collection of flowering Bego- nias, with Begonia (iloire de Lorraine; 1st, best collection of Rex Begonias ; special for speci- men standarel plant Mum. Max Schneider, gardener to Piter Ilauck, Jr., Orange. N. J. — 1st. 100 blooms single A'iolets ; special for standard white .Mum : special for standard plant i)ink Mum. and spi-cial for Mum plant (jlorv of Sevenoaks. Walter Angus, gardener to R. & II. ScovlUe. Chapinville, Conn. — Special for each of the following : 24 Mum blooms : col- lection of single Mums ; 18 blooms Mums, 6 varieties ; IS blooms Mums,- 3 varieties. I'ercy E. Hicks, gardener to B. H. & H. S. Borden, Oceanic, N. J. — Special for 24 blooms Mums, and for vase of 10 blooms white Mums. An- ton Bauer, gardener to Henry Goldman, Deal Beach, N. J.^ — Special for collection G varieties of Mums. Ij. G. Forties, gardener to Payne Whitney, Manhasset, L. I. — Special for each of thi' following: 10 blooms crimson Mums: vase G white Mums; vase 6 blooms bronze Mums; 12 plants, any variety Mums ; and G plants any variety Alums. Wm." G. Castey, gardener to J. W. llarriman, Bernardsville, N. .7. — Special for vase of G blooms white Mums. W. R. Fowkes, gardener to Howard Cole. Aladison. N. J. — Special for 15 blooms crimson Roses. A. Wynne, gardener to W. W. Hcroy, Stamford, Conn. — Special for bunch of Violets, and special for fliree vases of Mums. Worth-WhileTre«s and Shrubs GROWN AT ANDORRA Tilt' An plants, of any one variety — 1st, Mr. Rudolph Ellis ; 2nd, Countess Eulalia. Six plants, vellow — 1st. Mr. Rudolph Ellis ; 2nd. Mr. p'. A. B. Wideuvr (gard.. William Kleinheinzl. Six plants, any color — 1st, Mr. P. A. B. Widener ; 2nd, .Mr. Rudolph Ellis. rL.\.\TS— MISCELL.VNEOTS. Palms : Best collection of 12 plants, not less than 6 varieties — 1st, Mr. John Wana- maker (gard., John H. Doddsl. Ornamental foliage plants; Twelve plants, 12 species — 1st. Mr. John W. Pepper; 2nd. Mr. John Wanamaker. Caladiums ; Best six-named varieties — 1st, Mr. .John Wanamaker, Group of foliage and flowering plants, ar- ranged for effect — 1st. Mr. John W. Pepper. Orchids : Best collection of plants in flower — 1st, Mr. Ijouis Burk (gard., Charles WurstJ ; 2nd, Mr. .\lphonse Pericat. Orchids, Cattleya or Laelis-Cattleya hybrid : Best plant in flower — 1st, Mr. Louis Burk ; 2nd. Mr. .\Iphonse Pericat. Group of foliage and flowering plants. 50 square feet of space, ihrvsanthcmum admis- sahle— 1st, Mr, Rudolph Ellis (gard,, .\xcl Lindroth i. Miniature garden, worked out in living trees, shrubs or flowers, or freshlv-cut shoots, branches or flowers of same — 1st, Mr. W. W. Frazier, Sr. (gard., Walter Scott 1. CUT FLOWERS— CHRYS.VXTHEMUMS. Vase of 6 blooms. Mrs. Frank Thomson — 1st, Mr. P. A. B. Widener (gard.. William Klein- heinz) ; 2nd, Mr. C. B. Newbold (gard., Frank Scott I. Four vases, 5 blooms, 1 white. 1 pink, 1 .yellow, 1 any other color, distinct varieties — 1st, Mr. P. A. B. Widener; 2nd. Countess Eu- lalia (gard., Thos. Gaynor). Vase of 2.5 blooms, not less than 6 varieties — 1st, Countess Eula- lia ; 2nd, Mr. Edgar T. Scott (gard.. John Dunnt. Fifty blooms, 10 distinct varieties, 5 blooms of each — 1st, Mr. P. A. B. Widener; 2nd, Mr. John Wanamaker (gard.. John II. Dodds). Chrysanthemum, Lvnnewood Hall. 12 blooms — 1st, Countess Eulalia; 2nd, Mr. P. .\. B. Widener. Eight blooms of Morton F. I'lant — 1st, Mr. P. A. B. Widener; 2nd, Countess Eulalia. Eight blooms of Mrs. William Duck- ham — 1st, Mr. John W. Pepper (gard.. William Robertson) ; 2nd. Mr. P. A. B. Widener. Eight blooms of William Turner — 1st, Mr. P A. B Widener ; 2nd. Mr. C. B. Newbold. Eight blooms of William Turner — 1st. Mr. John Wan- amaker ; 2nd, Mr. P. A. B. Widener. ROSES. American Beauty, 12 blooms — 1st, Mr. P. A. B, Widener (gard., William Kleinheinz) ; 2nd. Mr. Geo. H. McFadden (gard., David Aiken). CARNATIONS. Twenty-fivp blooms, pink, anv named variety — 1st, Mr. 1". A, B. Widener (gard., William Kleinheinz); 2nd, Mr. Rudolph Ellis (gard., .\xel Lindroth). Twenty-flve blooms of any one variety — 1st, Mr. John Wanamaker (gard., John H. Dodds ) ; 2nd, Countess Eulalia (gard., Thomas Gaynor.i, FRUITS AND VEGET.\BLES. Best collection of 1-5 different vegetables. named and arranged tastefully on 24 square feet of space — 1st, Mr, W. S. Ellis (gard., Samuel Hammond) ; 2nd, Mr. C. B. Newbi>ld (gard., Joseph Ijoavesleyi- GREENHOUSE-GROWN VEGETABLES. Best collection, not less than 20 varieties — 1st, Mr. C. B. Newbold; 2nd. .Mr. C. N. Welsh. SPECIAL AW.VRDS. Coolkenuy cup, for best chrysanthemum plant — -Awarded to Mrs, Thos. P. Hunter I gard., Joseph Hurley), Silver medal — Louis Burk, for collection of orchids. Silver medal — Mr. P. A. B. Widener (gard., William Klein- heinz). for display of orchids. Silver medal — Mr. (Jeorge W. Childs Drexel, for new Dra- caena Ijongii, BOSTON SHOW. The annual chrysantliemum exhibition of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society held in Boston, November 5-S, was well up to the average i>f such shows. Specimen plants were less numerous, but cut lilooins were in greater abundance than usual and of splendid (|Uality, so muci) so tliat it would almost seem that the big blooms which have Ijeeu in dis- play here for some years are coming back in favor again. Miscellaneous exhibits were nimierous, the givnips of foliage and flowering plants, orchids and carnations being particu- larly good. William Watson, gardener to J. I. Bailey, won tirst for pair of two specimen (ilants. A. M. Davenport led for single specimen, and also W(jn a silver medal for the best chrysan- themum plant in the show. H. Wetterlow, gardener to Mrs, Lester Leiand, took both tirst and second for six plants, distinct, carrying six flowers each, in not over S-inch pots. William Thatcher, gardener to ilrs. J. L. Gardner, used the large English flowered win- ter l>egonias, such as Winter Cheer and Mrs. Heal, orchids and streptocarpi freely in his prize group. J. T. Butterworth had a fine orchid group, including some fine Odontoglossums, al.so nu- merous hybrid cattleyas. E. H. Wetterlow led for both Lorraine and Cincinnati begonias with grand iilants. ,\lex. McKay, gardener to E, .\, Clark, took the other prizes. E. H. Wetterlow received a Hrst- class cultni-al certificate for splendidly-flowered Turnford Hall begonias. William Downs, gar- dener to E. Webster, received a silver medal for three large and grand flowered specimens of begonia. Mrs. Heal, one of the best English varieties. In the palm classes W. Whitman (gardener, M. Sullivan), George Page, gardener to Mrs. Frederick -\yer, and William Thatcher divided the premiums. D. F. Roy. gardener to H. E. Converse, won first for twenty-five blooms, twent.v-five va- rieties of chr.vsanthemus, also for twelve Jap- anese incurved and twelve Japanese refiexed. .Alexander McKay led for twelve Japani'se Other successful competitors on the named va- rieties collections were ; A. E. (iriftin, gardener to E. L. Stone ; E. H. Wetterlow, Charles D. Sias, W. S. Russell and E. Townsend, gardener to Mrs, Lathrop Brace. For vase of two blooms, white, ,\lex. McKay won with superb William Turner's. lie also had the best .vellow in Col. Appleton magnifi- cent flowers and led for ri'd with Leslie Mor- rison. II. W. Vose had the best pink in Chief- tain. For best vase of fift.v blooms, arranged for effect, there were numerous entries. Frank P. Putnam won for single flowered chrysanthemums. lie also had the best pom- pons and anemones. There were eleven entries for dinner-table decorations of chr.ysanthe- mnras. Single-flowered chrysanthemums were i:sed exclusivel.v. In the carnation classes flowers were of grand quality. The leading exhibitors were: C. S. Stout. George Page and Charles D. Sias. Thomas T. Watts. H. Stewart, gardener to Miss C. Warren, and others contributed groups. E. I>. Lewis, gardener to Col. F. Mason, had the best twelve varieties of vegetables, and F. E. Sargent led for eight varieties. The in- dividual fruit and vegetable classes were well contested BULBS To the gardener: YOU, who depend for y o u r profit upon the reliabil- ity of seeds and bulbs, feel rightly that a bargain is not of the first importance. Yet we often have an overstock which we are al)le to supply below the market, and would be very glad to send you particulars on reciuest. If you have not re- ceived a copy of our 1914 Bulb Catalog, send for it. We printed one es- pecially for you. It con- tains a wealth of infor- mation which will be of use to you. A large proportion of our business is with those who "raise for profit," Think this over, and let us hear from you, J. M. THORBURN & CO. Established 1802 53 Barclay Street, New York THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 265 giniimnimimiiiiiinniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiNiiiiiiiii| I JOSEPH MANDA J I Orchid Specialist j j West Orange - New Jersey | ^lilillllllllllll!li:!lll!l'lli;!lll.llll:illl)'lli:illllilli li!lllllllll!l)llllllllllltllllllllllll1lllM[l!IIIIIIIIIIIIlllllllllllli^ WESTCHESTER (N. Y.) SHOW. The aniiiuil fall exliibitiou iti tlie \Vest- ehester :iiul Fairfield Iloi-ticultural Society •was held in Xew Uofhelle. X. Y., Xovemher 4, o and (!. The large hall was well filled with exhibits nf siipericir iiuality and wiarchmont. N. Y. ; W. II. Waite, Yonkers, N. Y. ; Donald Sheppard, Now Uochelle, N. Y. The awards are as follows; Specimen "mum" bush plant. 20-inch pot — 1st, \V. J. Sealey, gardener for Chas. JIallov : 2nd. A. L. Mar- shall, gardener for Hobart .1. Park. Specimen bush plant. 14-inch pot — 1st. Eweu MacKenzie. gardener for Miss Georgina Iselin. Specimi'U bush plant, .S-inch pot — 1st. .lames Linane. gardener for H. D. Barrow : 2nd. E. MacKenzie. Specimen standard — 1st. W. .1. Sealey; 2nd, Ewen MacKenzie. Six plants grown to single stem — 1st. Wm. Wbltton, gardener for Mr. p;rnest Iselin ; 2nd, II. Lyons. Specimen chrysanthemum plant of unusual shape — 2nd. James Linane. Cut flowers, clirysantheniums. 1.S distinct varieties — 1st. .\dam Patterson, gardener for Miss M. Cockcroft. Twelve dis- tinct variti<'s — 1st. Thomas .\itcheson, gardener for Mrs. Nathan Straus ; 2nd. .\. Bieschke, gardener for Wm. Zeigler, Jr. ; 3rd. K. Mac- Kenzie. Six distinct varieties — 1st, A. Wynne, gardener for W. W. Ilervy : 2nd, Tlios. Kyan, gardener for John I. Downey; 3rd, Wm. Whit- ton. Tc>n Thomas White — 1st, E. MacKenzie ; 2nd, Thos. .\itcheson ; 3rd, Carl Ilankensou. Six varieties. 3 each — 1st. .\dam Patterson; 2nd. Thos. .\iteheson. Three varieties, (i each — 1st. .\dam Patterson ; 2nd. P. W. I'opp. Six blooms, pink — 1st. H. I.ebman. Six blooms, yellow — 1st, Benjamin Disley, gardener for Mrs. John M. Flagler : 2nd, A. Patterson. Six blooms, crimson — 1st, Thos. .Vitcheson ; 2nd. Carl Hankenson. Six, blooms, white — 1st, Thos, Aitcheson ; 2nd, E, MacKenzie, Six blooms, any other color — 1st, A. Bieschke; 2nd. Benj. Disley. Six blooms, pink — 1st, Ernest Iselin, gardener, Wm. Whitton. Three blooms yel- low— 1st. Joseph Tiernan, gardener for .\drlan Iselin, .Jr. ; 2nd. .\, Wynne. Three blooms, white — 1st, .\. Wynne;' 2nd, Wm. Whitton. Three blooms, any other color — 1st. A, Wynne; 2nd. Wm. Whitton. Twenty-flve vases pom- pons. 2.'i varieties — 1st. W. J. Sealey; 2nd, P, W. I'oft. Twelve vases pompons — 1st. Thos. Ryan ; 2nd. Thos. Bell, gardener for (ieo. Stur gess, Sjiecial prize, 2.^ varieties of singles — ■Won bv John T. Burns, gardener for Miss C. A. Bliss. Twelve varietic's. singles — 1st. E. MacKenize ; 2nd. Carl Ilawkinson. Vase of *'mums" arranged for effect — 1st. Jas. Stuart: 2nd. Thus, .\iteheson. Special prize won l)y John I. Downey. Basket of pompons, arranged for effect — 1st. J. P. Sorenson, gardener for "Wm. Shillaher : 2nd. P. W. T'opp. \"nse of pompons — 1st, P. W. Popp ; 2nd, Thos. Bell. Tase of pompons Golden Harvest — 1st, W. J. Sealey : 2nd. P, W. Popp. Group of flowering and foliage plants, to cover 7,5 square feet of floor space — 1st. James Stuart: 2nd, Ewen "MacKenzie. Specimen Palen (Kentlal — 1st, E. MacKenzie ; 2nd. Jas, Stuart. Specimen .\reca — 1st. E. MacKenzie; 2nd, James Stuart. Spe- <'Imen palm "Phoenix" — l.st, .\. L. Marshall. Six table plants, 6 varieties — 1st, Mm. Graham ; "nd, E. MacKenzIi'. Specimen Neplirolepis — 1st .\. L. Marshall ; 2ncl. Wm. Whitton. Speci- men Artrantown fern — 1st, Jas. Stuart. Three plants I-duaine Begonia — 1st, E. .MacKenzie; 2nd, W. J, Si'aley. Specimen orchid plant — 1st. .\lex, Marsliail. Display of orchid (lowers — I'st. .\lex. Marshall. Cut flowers, roses, 12 blooms Iladlev — 1st, ,lohn T. Burns; 2nd. Ixjuis Wittman. Twelve white — 1st, Benjamin Dis- lev, Twelvi' pink — 1st, W. II. Magiunis ; 2nd. James Stuart. Twelve crimson — 1st, J. T. Burns ; 2ud, W. II, Maginnis. Twelve any other color— 1st. .lames Stuart; 2nd. ,Tohn T. Burns. Cut-flower carnations, 12 white — 1st, A. D, Marshall: 2nd, Kobert Grunnert, gar- doner for W. T. Keis ; 3rd, John T. Burns. Twelve Winsor shade — 1st, .lohn T. Burns, Twelve Enchantress shade — 1st, J, T. Burns ; L'lid, .\. L. Marshall. Twelve Ljiwsou shade — 1st, John T. Burns. Twelve scarlet — 1st, John T lUirns ; 2nd, Thos. Bell. Twelve crimson — 1st. John T. Burns; 2nd, Thos. Aitcheson. Bunch of 50 violets — 1st, Thos. Bell ; 2nd, C. Ilawkenson. Display of outdoor roses — 1st, Martin Glendon, gardener for -V, T. Wills ; 2nd, P. W. Popp. Display of outdoor flowers — 1st, P, W. Popp. Fifty sprays lily of the valley — 1st. P, W, Popp. Display of flowers from bulbous plants — 1st, Jas. Stuart. Display of annuals — 1st, J. P. Sorenson. Cups for vege- taliKs were won by .loseph Tiernan and by ,\dam Patterson. Collection of vegetables. G varieties — 1st, Henry Gaut ; 2nd, Martin Glen- don. Bunch of greenhouse grapes, black, — 1st, Robert Williamson ; 2nd, A. Patterson. Bunch of greenhouse grapes, white — 1st, A. Palterson. Collection of apples — 1st, Wm. Graham ; 2nd. W. H, Maginnis. Box of appb'S — 1st, Wm, Graham ; 2nd, Thos, Bell. Collec- tion of pear.s — 1st, Thos. Ryan ; 2nd, Henry Gaut. Display of outdoor grapes — 1st, II. Gaut: 2nd, Thos. Ryan. P. W. POPP, Secretar.T. MADISON (N. J.) SHOW, The nineteentli aimal llowcr show of the Morris Cotuity tlardeners' and Florists' So- ciety was held on Octolier 28 and "29 at Madi- son. X'. J. The exliibition was of the usual lii.gh order of the Madison shows, a special feature this year being the competition in the vegetable classes. As usual chrysanthe- mums predominated, and some excellent specimens were displaj'ed. There were sev- eral fine groups of chrysanthemums and orchids. A new addition to the show was the table decorations, and tliis proved so ]iopular that it is likely to be a fixture of the future Madison shows. Tlie Judges were Alexander McKenzie, ede). One bunch, loo blooms, single, blue — 1st. Mrs. D. Willis James; 2nd. Mrs. John Crosby Brown. GROUPS AND ORCHIDS. Mum plants in arrangement with foliage plants tor effect — 1st. 11. McK. Twombly, Mad- ison, N. J. (gard.. R. Tyson) ; 2nd. Dr. D. H. M<-.VIpin. <_)ne specimen mum plaiil in flower in i)ot or tub. any color — 1st. Mrs. .lohn Crosby Brown, with Lady Lydia ; 2nd, yirs. H. McK. Tw varieties, single stem, (J-incb pot — 1st, t', W. Harkness. One spi'cimen plant Begonia de Lorraine, pink — 1st, Mrs. II. JIcK. Twombly. Table of or- chid plants, arranged with fern plants, 4-foot table — 1st. Mrs. D. Willis James. One orchid plant — 1st. R. D. Foote (gard., J. K. Linda- bery). Table decoration for six covers, mum (lowers only, anv foliage or ferns mav be used -1st, Mrsl D, Willis James; 2nd, Dr. D. H. .McAlpin ; 3rd, Mrs. II. McK. Twombly. VEGETABLES. Collection 12 varieties, beauty of arrange- ment to count — 1st, .Mrs. D. Willis James; 2nd. Wm. Hall Walker, Brookside. Barrington, Mass. (gard.. Thos. I'age) ; 3rd, Geo. G. .Ma.son. Collection (j kinds, beauty or arrangement to count — 1st, Mrs. C. B. .Vlexander, Bernards- vill.'. N. J. I gard.. Ix-wis Burkman) : 2nd, O. 11, Hammond, Beruardsville, N. J. (gard., John .\nderson ). SPECIALS, yirs. C. H. Stout. Short Hills, N. J., novelty Dahlia Sunshine, seedling, 1011 — Ccrtiflcate of merit. Mrs. James .\. Webb. Madison, N. J. (gard.. Luke O'Reilly), colleclion of vegetables — Special prize, and for wlilte and yellow bloom, and one plant Gorse — Cnltui'al certifi- cate. S. M. & A. Colgate, for exhibition of ap- ples, not for competition — Cultural ccrtifl- cate. Mrs. H. McK. Twombly, exhibition of melons — Ccrtiflcate of merit. GLEN COVE (N. Y.) SHOW. Tlie tenth annual chr.vsantlienium show of the Xassau County Horticultural Society was held at Glen Cove Octol)er 20 and 30. ,ind there was a fine display of well-fini3hed riiums, carnations, roses, vegetables etc. The judges were Messrs. R. Angus, A. Grif- fin, J. Bell and W. Turner. Among the prominent exhibits the class for .50 vases of liardy pompons attracted the most atten- tion, as both the exhibitors had already won thfi cup for this class twice each, and this year was the deciding one for the final "ownership. It was won by Henry Gaut, 266 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. gardener to Jlrs. H. L. Pratt, and .John \A'. Everitt, gardener to Mrs. J. T. Pratt, was second. The cnp for table decorations brought out eight contestants, and was won by J. W. p:veritt A\ith a pretty table done with a new pink single seedling chrysanthe- mum named Ernest Westlake, Jr. H. Gaut was second with Dorothy Dan; Jos. Adler third with Peter Pan. and F. Iloneyman fourth with a bicolor single; J. Hayes was fifth. The society's cujj for 12 kinds of vegetaldes was won by A. G. Hodenpyle Esq. (gardener. F. Petroccia), with a clean gi-own lot of vegetables. Mrs. H. L. Pratt" (gar- dener. H. Gaut) second. Prize list as fol- lows: C. A. Coffin special : Group chrysantbomums arranged for effect, coverins; not more than 6U square feet — 1st. Percy Cbubb, Esq. (gard., F. Hone.vman) : 2nd, Mrs. II. L. Pratt (gard., Henry Gaut). Harvey S. Ladew special: (a) Best double standard — 1st, Mrs. J. II. Ottley (gard., James Macdonaldl ; 12nd, Mrs. II. L. Pratt, (b) Best single standard — 1st, I'erc.v Chubb : 2nd, Mrs. \V. II. Ilarkness (gard., A. Fouruier). Lord & Burubara special : Best doubh; bush — 1st, Percy Cbubb ; lind, Mrs. Ottley.- Best single busb — 1st, Percy Cbubb; liud. Mrs. Harkness. Six plants in G-incb pots — 1st. Mrs. W. D. Guthrie (gard., W. Boss) : 2nd. Percy Cbubb. Six vases, 6 varieties, 3 blooms each, long stems — 1st, Mrs. Guthrie; 2nd, Percy Cbubb. Best vase, S blooms. 1 variety — 1st. Mrs. Guthrie : 2ud, Mrs. Ottley. Six blooms. (J varieties — 1st, Mrs. Gutbrie ; 2nd. Percy Cbul>b. Six blooms, 6 varieties, short stems — 1st. Mrs. J. T. Pratt (gard.. .1. W. Everitt I ; 2nd, Payne Whitney, Esq. (gard., L. G. Forbes). Twelve blooms, 12 varieties, short stems — 1st. Percy Chubb ; 2nd. Mrs. Guthrie. Three vases, 3 varieties, 2 blooms each, long stems — 1st, Payne Whitney ; 2nd. Mrs. .T. T. Pratt. Twelve blooms, arranged for effect. :iutiimn foliage allowed — 1st. Mrs. Guthiie : 2nd, .Mrs. II. L. Pratt. Best 2 blooms Menilon — Gold medal, Mrs. (iutbrie ; silver Mrs. II. L. Pratt; bronze, Mrs. Ottley. Twelve blooms. 3 varieties (private gardeners only) — 1st. Percy Chubb ; second, Mrs. Guthrie. Best 6 pink — ist. Mrs. Ilarkness : 2nd, Mrs. C. V. Brewster (gard.. L. Fogartyl. Best 6, any other color — 1st, Mrs. Guthrie; 2nd, Payne Whitney. Largest bloom in show — 1st, Mrs. Gutlirie. Mrs. F. S. Smitbers' silver cup. to be won three times : Best colli ction of 50 varieties liardy pompons grown and flowered outdoors — 1st. Mrs. II. L. Pratt: 2nd. Mrs. J. T. Pratt. Eighteen vases hardy chrysanthe- mums, l.S varieties, grown and flowered out- doors—1st. Mrs. H. L. Pratt ; 2ud. Mrs. J. C. Ayer (gard., Harry Jones). Twelve vases singles, 12 varieties, 6 sprays each — 1st, Mrs. J. T. Pratt; 2nd. Percy Chubb. Six vases singles. 6 varieties — 1st. Mrs. II. L. Pratt : 2nd, Paul Dana, Esq. (gard., James Gladstone). One vase singles, 12 spray,£; — 1st, Percy Chubb ; 2nd. Mrs. J. T. Pratt. Twelve .\merican Beauty roses — 1st, Mrs. Guthrie. Twelve yellow roses — 1st, Mrs. J. C. Ayer ; 2nd, Mrs. CJuthrie. Twelve pink roses — 1st. Mrs. Guthrie ; 2nd, Percy Chubb. Twelve red roses — 1st. Percy i-"bubb. Twelve Tea or H. T. mixed — 1st. Payne Whitney ; 2nd, Percy Chubb. Carnations, in 5 classes : Twelve white — 1st, Mrs. Guthrie : 2nd, I'ercy Cbubb. Twelve light pink — 1st, Mrs. Guthrie : 2nd. I'ercy Chubb. Twelve dark pink — 1st. Mrs. Guthrie : 2nd, Percy Chubb. Twelve crimson — 1st. Percy Chubb. Twelve scarlet — 1st. Mrs. Guthrie ; 2nd, Percy Chubb. Best 2,'5. any color — 1st. Mrs. Guthrie : 2nd. Payne Whitue.v. Best 50. mixed — 1st, Mrs. Gutbrie : 2nd, Percy Chubb. One hundred single violets — 1st. Mrs. J. T. Pratt ; 2nd, Mrs, J. C. Ayer. Fifty single violets — 1st, Thos. Leeming, Esq. ; 2nd., Mrs. C. F. Cartledge. Best collection outdoor flowers. 25 varieties — 1st. Mrs. G. D. Pratt (gard., J. P. Johnson) ; 2nd. Mrs. Ottley. Silver cup : Best table decoration of chrysan- themums with appropriate foliage or grasses, to seat six persons — 1st. J. H. Everitt : 2nd. Henry Gaut ; 3rd, .Tos. Adler ; 4th, F. Honey- man ; 5th. J. Hayes. Nassau County Horticultural Society's cup ; Twelve kinds of vegetables — 1st, A. G. Hoden- pyle. Esq. (gard.. F. Petroccia) ; 2nd, Mrs. H. L. Pratt. Six kinds of vegetables — 1st. Mrs. Ottley; 2nd. Mrs. W. V. Hester (gard., Herman Boettcher). Best group flowering foliage plants, covering not more than 60 square feet — 1st, Percy Chubb. Six orchids in bloom — 1st. Percy Chubb. HARRY JONES, Cor. See'ty. OYSTER BAY (N. Y.) SHOW. The third annual chrysanthemum show of the Oyster Bay Horticultural Society was a dex'ided success, much in advance of last year. ffiiifitfiaffiifiifiififfiifiifiaifijiaifiaifiifiifiifiaifiifiaaia !fi !Ji !fi }£ !Ji }£i £fi tfi \£ A Very Personal Invitation WHILE you are at t h e Gardeners' C o n vention i n Philadelphia this month, Mr. Wintzer and I want you to come out to West Grove and visit our place. Mr. Wintzer has some if his choice Cannas blooming in the green- house. In them you will see the forerunner of some new Swastika brand varieties. To hear Mr. Wintzer talk of his canna children and how he "brings them up in the way they should go." is a genuine pleasure in itself. Our way of storing the tliousands and thousands ROSE RHEA READ. of Canna bulbs will also interest you. Then there are some- thing like 400 varieties of roses in various stages of readiness for Spring sales — not to mention a goodly assortment of shrubs, both in the cold cellars and open ground. I am planning to at- tend the Convention. So make yourself known to me and doubtless we can arrange to go out to West Grove together, which, indeed, would be pleasant for me. If you can't come, then do the next best thing and send your name for our new catalog, soon to be readv. THE CONARD a JONES COMPAN/ Robert Pyle. Pres. Antoine Wintzer, Vice-Pres. SWASTIKA BRAND CANNAS ■WTest Grove, Pa. !fi }^ ¥bfiiy^lfiK^yiXWifiK!fiifi^bfiXXifiX^bfilfiifi£XIKX A fine silver tray, ofl"ered liy tlie North County Garden Club, to be won three times, only attracted two e.xliibitors, but as the prize was oifered rather late, we antici[iate nune comi)etitors next year. The chief winners were as follows: Group ornamental plants — 1st. John T. In- gram. Group of mums — 1st, James Duckham. Three pots single mums — 1st. James Imtnie. Six pots, single stems — 1st, James Duckham. Bush chrysanthemums — 1st. J. Duthie. Three pots mums as grown for market — 1st. J. Duckham, who also won for white and pink, and for 12 varieties, distinct. J. Devine won tor 3 yellow and 3 any other color. For 6 blooms in 6 varieties — 1st, F. Kyle. Best collection white mums — 1st. J. Devine. Best colli ction hardy mums, 25 varieties — 1st, A. Walker. Collection outdoor flowers — 1st. J. Duthie. Largest bloom in show — 1st. J. Devine. - The same exhibitors won the re- maining prizes. C. Mills was awarded a cultural certificate tor a collection of vegetables. The judges were Joseph Robinson, .John Chapman and F. Honevman. F. KIRKHAM, Secretary. TARRYTOWN, N. Y., SHOW. The sixteenth annual autumn exhibition of the Tarrytown Horticultural Society was lield on Wednesday, Thursday and Friday, November 4. 5 and 0, at the ilusic Hall, Tarrytown. Roth in the number and ex- cellence of its exhibits this surpassed any previous efforts of this society. The sev- eral large and handsome exhibits of orna- mental foliage and flowering plants staged in the center and at other points of vantage, were a pronounced and splendid feature of this show. The vases of cut blooms of single stemmed Chysanthemums shown with foliage of different kinds, and occupying the entire stage, were a magnificent feature and of high quality, while the several handsomely decorated dinner tables on Thursday afternoon added much to the beauty of the scene. Specimen blooms of Mrs. H. Stevens, Leslie Morrison, Pockett's Crimson, Wm. Turner, Rose Pockett. Mary Dunnellan, otto II. Kahn, Elberon, Lenox. Anne Angus, Wm. II. Duckham, Mrs. Gilbert Drabble. Reg. Vallis, Lady Hopetoun. Meudon, Lealie May Bi-nnett, and W. Mease, all showed excellent f(jrm. In the vegetable section, the prizes offcri'd helped very much in bringing out a very large and meritorious display. In the non-com- mei'tial classes, K. M. Johnson, gardener to \A'm. B. Thompson, Yonkers. X. Y.. received cer- tificate of merit for a vase of pretty, new mam- .njcith type pink Verbenas. He also won the silver cup for largest number of prizes taken during the exhibition ; and 1st for each of fol- lowing : Table of decoi-ative plants ; for six heads of Celery ; for collection of six vegetables ; best six blooms yellow Mums : best specimen bush plant, white ; best specimen bush plant, pink : best specimen bush plant, any other color : group of palms, and lastly for specimen Farleyense fern. Charles II. Russell, gardener to Finlay J. Shepard. Tarrytown. N. Y., for six sprays of cut orchids won a silver cup. for new plant, certificate of merit, and one for specimen Kentia, and for display of orchids. James Valentine, superintendent of Mrs. F. E. l.'-wis. Itidgefield. Conn., bad the best 12 blooms of i'hrvsanthemums. and 12 blooms variegated Carnations. John Canning, gardener to Adolph Lewisohn. Ardsley. N. Y.. was first for each of following : 20 blooms Mums : 36 blooms, 24 blooms, and 12 vases of single Mums ; for six plants of Chrysanthemums. Thos. A. Lee, gardener to Mrs. ' Carl Victor, .\rdsley. N. Y., for six blooms of Chrysanthemums, and for a bunch of 50 single blue Violets. W. F. Ross, gardener to Mrs. W. D. Guthrie. Glen Cove, L. I., silver cup for 18 blooms of Chrysanthe- mums, and first for largest bloom. Abel Week, gardener to Mrs. .S. Hermann. Tarrytown, N. Y.. led tor three blooms, and Robt. Grieve, gardener to Hugh Hill. Irvington. N. Y., for 12. David Gordon, gardener to Mrs. C. Neustadt, Chappaqua, N. Y.. was first for 18 blooms of Mums. Geo. Wittlinger, gardener to Miss Blanche Potter, Ossiniug, N. Y.. had the best 12 blooms, and was first for best six blooms of white Mums, with variety Wm. Turner, and for best six blooms pink Mums. .\. MacDon- ald, gardener to Charles Mallory. Port Chester, N. Y.', led for six vases pompon Mums. Frank E. Witney, gardener to Wintbrop Sargent. Bea- con. N. Y.. first for Begonia Gloire de Lorraine. James Caselli. gardener to Dr. L. H. Balkland, first prize for collection of vegetables. A. W. Golding. superintendent to D. G. Reid. silver cup for collection of vegetables ; and first for each of the following: 12 blooms Carnations: 36 blooms of Carnation, six varieties : the best THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 267 arranged bridal bouqupt ; best 12 blooms of scarlet v'arnations : best 12 blooms of dark pink Carnations: Ijest 12 blooms li;;lit pink, and best 12 blooms crimson. Wm. Brock, gardener to K. Iielafleld, Tuxedo Park. N. Y., won a silver cup for 12 blooms Kiliarney Queen Roses. and was first for 12 blooms orij^inal pink Kil- iarney (silver cup), best 50 blooms of as- sorted Roses (silver cup), and first for each of the following: 12 blooms Kiliarney Brilliant Roses : best 12 blooms original White Kiliarney Roses; best 12 blooms white Hoses: and for best 12 blooms of crimson Koses. witli variety Hadley. Chas. Ruthorn, gardener to Eugene Meyer, Jr., Mt. Kisco, N, Y.. first for 12 blooms of Roses not American Beauty : for 18 Roses not American Beauty, three varieties. Frank C. Luckenbacher, gardener to Paul M. War- burg, Ilartsdale, N. Y., first for best basket of cut flowers, W, II. Waite, superintendent for Samuel Untermeyer, Y'onkers, N. Y'.. first for best centerpiece for a table, M, Fitzgerald, first for dinner table decoration, Wm, Jamie- son, gardener to E, Berolzheimer, Tarrytown, N, Y',, first for best six blooms crimson Mums, and for best Begonia Gloire de Lorraine, Geo, W. Mcintosh, gardener to Dr. C. C. Brace, Tar- rytown, N. Y',. first for 12 vases of single Mums : and for best IS blooms, three varieties. Carnations, Wm, Kastbery, gardener to R. B. Dula. Tarrytown, N. Y',. first for best speci- men fern. Henry J. Allen, gardener to F, W, Vanderbilt, Hyde Park, N. Y,, first tor best 12 American Beauty Roses: first for best 12 pink Roses, and for best 12 yellow Roses, — Ex- change. DUTCHESS COUNTY (N. Y.) SHOW. The twentieth annual exhiliitinn of the Dutchess County (N. Y.) Horticultural So- cietj' was held in Poughkeepsie. N. Y., Oct. 29 and 30, and was oue of tlie best. The long-stemmed blooms and groups of pot plants were e.xceptionally good. Following is a list of prize-winners in the principal classes: Group of flowering and foliage plants — 1st. Wm, G. Saltford. Table Crotons — 1st. F. W. Vanderbilt (gardener. II. .T. Allen). Group Jap- anese Mums in pots. 75 .sq. ft. — 1st. W. Sargent (gardener. F. E. Witnev). Group of single Mums in pots. 100 sq. ft. — 1st. W. Sarg.nt. Six single Mums. 8 in. pots — 1st. W. P. Clyde (gardener. II. J. Osterhoudtl. Six Lorraine Be- gonias. 5 in. pots — 1st. W. Sargent : 2nd. J. R. Roosevelt (gardener. R. Ilntchinson). 36 Mums. 12 varieties— 1st. W. P. Clyde (gardener, H, J, Osterhoudtl: 2nd, F, W. Vanderbilt (gardener, H J, .\lleu). .0 square feet — 1st. Mis C. M. Bell (gard., David Mcintosh) ; 2nd, Mr. G, F. Baker. Three specimen Palms — 1st, Mr. I-I. M. Til- ford. Three speciman Ferns — 1st. Mrs. C. M. Bell : 2nd. Mrs. J. Murray Mitchell (gard., Thomas Wilson ). Six Foliage Plants— 1st, Mrs. C. M. Bell ; 2nd. Mr. G. F. Baker. Three Winter Flowering Begonias — 1st. Mr. II. M. Tilford. Mr. G. G." Mason. 'I'hree speciman Cosmos — 1st. Mr. II. M. Tilford. Four 10-inch pans Lily of Valle.y — 1st. Mr. II. M. 'I'ilford: 2nd. iMrs. J. Murray Mitchell. Si>ecial prize three standard Mums Plants - 1st. Jlr. I!. Mortimer igard.. ('. 1 1. Sch.-ieftcr i . One bush Jluni white — 1st. Mr. It. Moi'tirnn-, One bush Mum. pink — 1st, Mr, R. Mortine-r. One bush Mum. any color — 1st, Mrs, S, Silen- cer (gard,, Emil Barth). Twelve Mums in (">- in(h pots — 1st. Mr. K. Delafleld (gard., Wm. Brock) : 2nd, Mr, II, M. Tilford, Six Mums in {>-inch pots — 1st, Mr. D. Wagstaff (gard., Tlios. Lyons) ; 2nd, Mrs. J. Murra.y Mitchell. Special prize, IS Mums distinct varieties — 1st, Mr. G. G. Mason ; 2nd. Mr. C. B. Alexander (gard., W, Hastings), Twelve Mums, distinct varieties — 1st. Mrs. J. Murray Mitchell ; 2nd. Mr. D. Wagstaff. Vase of Mums, arranged for effect— 1st, Mr, D, Wagstaff; 2nd, Mr, C. B. .Mexander. Twelve Mums, frame grown — 1st. Mrs. J. Murray Mitchell ; 2nd. Mr. A. Seton (gard.. I'atrick Cassidy). Six Mums, frame grown — 1st. Mrs. S. Spencer. Special prize, two vases single Mums, 'Totty's 1914 introduc- tion— 1st, Mrs, J, Murray Mitchell : 2nd, Mr. G, F. Baker. Six yellow Mums — 1st, Mr. II. M. Tilford : 2nd, Mr. G. G. Mason. Six white Mums — 1st, Mr, G. G. Mason ; 2nd, Mr. C. K. .Mexander. Six Red Mums — 1st. Mr. II. M. Tilford : 2nd. Mr. C. B. .Vlexander. Six bronze Mums — 1st, Mr, R. Mortimer ; 2nd, Mr, H, M, Tilford, Six pink Mums — 1st, Mr, C, B, Alex- ander ; 2nd, Mr, II, M, Tilford, Six crimson Mums — 1st, Mr, C, B, .\lexander ; 2nd, Mr, G, G. Mason. Thi'ee yellow Mums — 1st, Mr, A. Seton : 2nd, Mrs. A, Carhart (gard,, Charles Ciisticki). Tliree white Mums — 1st, Mrs. J. Murray Mitchell ; 2nd, Mrs. A. S. Carhart. Three pink Mums — 1st, Mr. G. G. Mason : 2nd, Mr. A. Seton. Three red Mums — 1st, Mr, G, G, Mason, Three bronze Mums — 1st, Mrs. Carhart. Mr. A. Seton. Three crimson Mums — 1st. Mrs. Carhai't. Collection of single Mums — 1st, Mr, G, F, Baker: 2nd, Mr. H. M. Tilford, Collec- tion of Hardy Mums — 1st, Mrs. J. Wolfe ; 2nd. Mrs. S. Spencer. Eighteen pink Roses — 1st. Mr. R, Delafield ; 2nd, Mr. II. M. Tilford. Eighteen white Roses — 1st, .Mr. G. G. Mason; 2nd, Mr. H, M. Til- ford. Eighteen yellow Roses — 1st. Mr. H. M Tilford ; 2nd. Mr. R. Delafleld. Eighteen led Roses — 1st. Mr. R. Delafleld ; 2nd. Mr. G. G. Mason. Eighteen, any color Roses — 1st. Mr. R. Delafleld; 2nd, Mr. G, G, Mason, Twelve pink Roses — 1st, Mrs, A, Carhart: 2nd, Mrs. J. Murray Mitchell. Twelve red Roses — 1st. Mrs. J. Murray Mitchell : 2nd, Mrs, C, M, Bell, Twelve yellow Roses — 1st, Mrs. J. Murray Mitchell ; 2nd. Mr. C. B. .\lexander. Twelve wliite Roses — 1st. Mr. R. Delafleld : 2nd. Mrs. A. Carhart. Twelve any color Roses — 1st. Mrs. A. Carhart: 2nd. Mrs. C. M. Bell. Special prize, 12 Roses. Hadley — 1st. Mr. R. Delafleld : 2nd. Mr. G. G. Mason.. Eighteen wliite Carnations — 1st. Mr. H. M. Tilford: 2nd. .Mr. R. Delafield. Eighteen red Carnations — 1st, Mr, R, Delafleld: 2nd, Mr, II, M, Tilford. Eighteen light pink Carnations —1st, Mr, II, M, Tilford; 2nd, Mr, R. Dela- field. Eighteen dark pink ("_'arnations — 1st. Mr. G. G. Mason: 2nd, Mr. H. M. Tilford. Eigliteen variegated Carnations — 1st. Mr. IT. M. Tilford ; 2nd, Mr. G. G. Mason, Eighteen, any color. Carnations — 1st, Mr, II, M, Tilford ; 2nd, Mr, R. Delafleld. Twelve white Carna- tions— 1st, Mrs. C. M. Bell ; seiond, Mr. C. B. .Alexander. Twelve red (tarnations — 1st. Mrs. C. M. Bell. Twelve light pink Carnations — 1st. Mrs. A. Carliart: 2nd. Mrs. .1. Murray Mitchell. Twelve dark pink Carnations — 1st. Mr. C. B. Alexander; 2nd. Mrs. C. M. Bell. Twelve variegated Carnations — 1st. Mr. C. B. Alexander. Twelve, any color. Carnations — 1st, Mrs, J, Murray Mitchell. Special prize for six Mums, twelve Carna- tions, twelve Roses — 1st, Mr, G. G. Mason; 2nd. Mr. H. M. Tilford. Oue hundred Violets, single — 1st, Mr. D. Wagslaff: 2nd, Mr, G. F. Baker. Five dishes -\pples — 1st. Mr. C. B. Alexander ; 2nd, Mr. R, Delafield. One dish Apples — 1st. .Mrs. ,1. Wolfe; 2nd, Jlr, C, B. Alexander, Ccdiection of out-door Grapes — 1st, Mr. G. G. Mason ; 2nd. Mrs. J. Wolfe. Two bunches Grapes, greenhouse, white — 1st. Mr. II, .M, Tilford. Two bunches Grapes, greenhouse, black— 1st, Mr, II. M. Tilford, Special prize, colh'ction of Vegetables — 1st, Mrs. S. Spencer ; 2nd, Mrs. J. Wolfe. Special prize, eighteen kinds or species of Vegetables — 1st, Mr, G, G, Mason, Special prize, nine kinds or species of Vegetables — 1st, Mr, C. B. Alex- ander. Special prize dinner table decoration — 1st, Mr. G. F. Baker ; 2nd, Mr. D. Wagstaff. Special prize, center piece, confined to as- sist.-ints — 1st, Alexander Roy : 2nd. Wm. Gran- tham. Spedal iirize, floral jjiece of Lillian Dotty .Mums -1st. II. .M. Tilford; 2nd. Mr. C. B. .Mexander. Table of foliage plants — 1st. Mr. G. F. Baker: 2nd. C. B. .Vh-xander. Special prize, orchid plant in flower — Mr. G. V. Baker, Special prize, collection of hardy cut flowers — 1st, Mrs, S, Spencer; 2nd, Mrs, L, Chanler Igard.. K. Wilson I. Special prize, most meritorious exhibit — 1st, Mr. II. M. Tilford. President's special prize, best vase of Roses in the show — 1st. Mr, H. M. Tilford. THOS. WILSON, Secretary. ELBERON (N. J.) SHOW. The fifth annual Chrysanthemum show of the Elberon Horticultural Society was held successfully in the Casino, Asbury Park, on the above dates. The arrangements were elliciently carried out and were creditable to George Masson. the secretary, and his committee, consisting of C. 0. Duncan (chairman), A. Bauer, Thomas Hambleton, R. B. Allen, W. R. Se.ymour. The .judges were: W. H. AVaite. George Jliddleton and Peter Duff. Nearly 3.000 people attended. The dinner table decorations on the Thurs- day were very eflTective and much appreci- ated. The principal prize-winners were: Thomas Hambleton, gardener to C. A. Wimpgheimer. Long Branch : A. Bauer, gar- dener to Henry Goldman. Deal ; H. B. .\llen, gardener to S. R. Guggeuheim. Elberon; Charles Hum, gardener to Daniel Guggenheim, Elberon ; George Massun. gardener to Frederick Frelinghuyson, Elberon : Percy Hicks, gardener to II. B. and B. S. Borden. Oceanic : William Iiowiin, Seabright ; Joseph Mills, gardener to George Gould. Lakewood ; C, O. Duncan, gar- dener to Mrs. Washington Wilson, Elberon ; C. De Wilde, gardener to S. Hikes, Jr., Red Bank ; W, R. Seymour, gardener to S. M. Goldsmith. West End : D. C. Kelly, gardener to J. B. Greenhut. West End ; David Gustafson, gar- dener to Mrs. Hamilton Kean, Elberon ; New- man & Legg. florists, Manasquan ; Herbert Kruschka, florist, .\sbiiry Park, R, B, Allen led for the group of Mums, with G. Masson second : while for the group of ornamental, flowering and foliage jilants. the winners were (?has. Ilurn and It. B. .\llen. For 24 blooms in eight varii'ties. there were five entries, and Hicks and Bauer were first and second. NEW BEDFORD (MASS.) SHOW. Tlie annual chrysanthemuni exliibilion of the New Bedford ITiu-ticultural Society was held in Library Ilall on November 3 and 4, and certainly rellected great credit on the few who exhibited. Although the exhibitors were few in number the show was not lack- ing in material and (he flowers were as fine as the writer ever .saw. Peter Murray, of Fairhaven, had a tasty displa.y of palms, ferns and mums not for coni])etition ; Joseph V. Pierce, of New Bed- ford, exhibited a vase of Lady Hillington roses of exceptional qualit.v and a vase of carnations in varietj' which showed excel- lent culture: .Tames Garthlv. formerly gardener for H. H. Rogers, displayed a fine collection of greenhouse plants, conspicuous among them being several specimens of Nephrolepis Muscosa and Nep. Magnifica. A vase of 18 blooms of chrysanthemum 268 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. William Tiuuer was the center of attraction while a vase of 12 Mary Farnesworth was a close second. Among tlie specimen blooms the following from the converse Estate were •especially fine : liCila Filkins, Cheltoni. Marquis V. A'enosta. Mrs. W. Duckham. Alice Lemon and Adonis. Special mention slunild be made of the group covering 40 square feet, both of which were very fine, competition being close, and the man who could have beaten the cup winner would have had to step some. The awards were as follows : Group of chrysanthemums, arranged for ef- fect, not over 40 square feet : Dr. E. R. Hum- phries cup — Won liy D. A. Itoy : lind, A. E. Oritfin. Collection of hardy 'mums, not less than 12 varieties : silver medal — Won by Peck- ham I^^loral Company. Bronze medal won by D. F. Roy. Best 6 blooms chrysanthemum Harry E. Converse : Converse cup — Won by A. E. GritHn. Best IS blooms, distinct va- rieties ; Galen Stone cup — Won by I). F. Roy. Six plants, t> flowers to a plant, not over an 8-inch pot — Cup won by D. F. Ko.v. Vase of 18 flowers. 1 variety — Cup won by A. E. Grif- fin with a beautiful vase of William q'urner. Vase of 12 blooms, 1 variety: silver mcflnl of the societv — Won bv A. E. (rriffin witli Marv JFarneswortb. WM. F. TI'KNER. DOBBS FERRY (N. Y.) SHOW. The Thirteenth Annual Flower ,Show of the Dobbs Ferry, N. Y., Horticultural So- ciety was held November 4 and 5. Tlie 6 and 7, was a great success and much credit is due its officers. There were 48 classes in the schedule, of which 12 were for fruit and vegetables. Prom- inent among the prize winners in the plant and flower sections were : J. .\ndward. Mrs. D. E. Oppenheim (gard., A. Mcr)onald), Mrs. F. Dunn (gnrd.. T. Richardson), J. A. Townsend (gard., K. Howe), I. T. Bush, W. H. Brown (gard.. Mr. Holgersou). C. Wilson. Mrs. J. Fraser (uard.. H. Harms), Mrs. Ilenrv Draper (gard., H. Wells i, 1). F. H. Backland (gard., J. Caselli), St. Christopher's Home (gard., P, Clinton), .1. .\ndcrson and H. Keiling. NEW LONDON (CONN.) SHOW. Tlic Annual ( hivsaiitlicmuni and Fruit Show of the New London Horticultural So- ciety was held November 4 and 5. The show was acknowledged by many as one of the best in tlie history of the society. Numbers of people visited the exliibition on botli days. Among the exhibits of chrysanthemums ■was a grou]) of singles staged for non-com- petition by the Harlcness Estate, and called forth admiration from judges, visitors and president; al.so a very fine trained specimen exhibited by the Palmer Estate. .Stanley .Tordan secured first prize in the class for 12 blooms, any variety: Ernest Rob- inson, foreman, Morton F. Plant estate, sec- ond ; Alfred Flowers, of the G. Palmer estate, third. The latter had some very wonderful hlooms of Wm. Turner. In the classes for vases of four distinct colors — M. F. Plant first, for four white and four pink : Harkness estate first for four yellow and four crimson. John Maloney, gardener to the Guthrie estate, se- cured first for best group of flowering and foliage plants. Carnations were shown by Harkness estate. Among exhibitors of bush chr.vsanthemums were the Mitchell estate. Gus- tav Newman, gardener, who secured chief hon- ors. The latter also made a splendid exhibit of fruit. Alfred Flowers also showed some fine apples. The latter secured first in vegetable class for 12 varieties. On the morning of the second day table dec- orations by ladies were the feature. Mrs. Ed- ward Smith secured first prize : Mrs. Stanley Jordan second : Mrs. .John Ilump'u-ey was third. The .judges were : Frank Conine. Strat- ford : Mr. GritBn, of the Landers estate, and Donald Miller, of the B. .\. Armstrong estate. STANLEY JORDAN. MENLO PARK (CAL.) SHOW. Tlie annual sliow of the Menlo Park Hor- ticultural Society, lield October 23 to 25, proved a decided success in every way. It was conceded by everyone to be tlie best ever lield by tlie society. The spacious hall allowed everything to be staged for the best elfect. Tlie orchid groups were first class. .T. A. Carbone, of Berlceley, staged a magnificent collection of forty different varieties, includ- ing some fine brasso-cattleya and Uelia hybrids. The exhibit of Kavid Bassett, gar- dener for L, Stern, attracted more attention from the public. While not containing so many fine hybrids as Mr. Carljone's, it con- tained some fine cattleyas, belias. oncidiuins, pliahenopsis, dendrobiums, vandas, odoiito- glossums and several curious rare orchids. Foliage and decorative plants were finely shown l>y J. Sinclair, gardener for Mrs. J. B. Coryell, David Bassett, J. Paunicka, gar- dener for C. Lathrop, and C. Ehrlich, gar- dener for Mrs. Sladc. The cut chrysanthemum classes brouglit out strong competition. Tlie following va- rieties stood out prominently: Mrs. (lilbert Drabble, Wm. Turner and Maud .Jefi'iies, in wliite ; Lenox, F, S. Vallis, Chrysolora, and Jlrs. ,J. C. Neill, yellow; Elberon! AVells' Late Pink, Morton F. Plant, in pinks; G. W, Pook, J. Lock, Mrs. H. Stevens, Reginald Vallis. Ongawa and (jlenview, in otiier colors. Tulierous begonias were fine, Iioth in pots and cut blooms, L. Stern's exhibits contain- ing the latest European novelties of 1914. Although a little late, ilalilias were good and brouglit keen competition from tlie Menlo Park and San Mateo growers. Carnations were never shown better. Gorgeous, with 3-foot stems, would lie hard to beat. White Wonder, The Herald, Prin- cess Dagmar. Encliantress and Yellowstone were also fine. The lloral exhibits on the third day were fine and helped tlie gate receipts consider- ably. In file faille decorations, A. McDonald won the cup donated by tlie Cliamber ot Commerce of Palo Alto, bis table consisting of a small lake with gold fish, an island in the centre decorated witli orcliids. and water lilies in the water. j\lrs. Lee, of Palo Alto, was second. H. L. Goertziiain, president of the society, staged a lot of cut l>loonis not for compe- tition. PERCrV ELLINGS, Secretary. PASADENA (CAL.) SHOW. Tlie seventh annual chrysanthemum show of the Pasadena Horticultural Society opened in the Hotel ilaryland. Octolier 22, and continued during October 23 and 24. Not only from the point of view of entries, Init also from quality of stock shown, tliis exliibition was Ijeyond anything else in the history of the society. It should be explained that here practi- cally all exhiliitiou chrysanthemums are grown iu the open air in summer and cov- ered later with canvas. Tlie result is larger and more substantial flowers than are grown in the East under glass, though in some eases the flowers lack finish. The present year they were wonderful blooms in every way owing to the cool sumnicr and the ab- sence of early fall rains. The judges, consisting of Thos. CJhisholm, Wm. Farrell, H. R. Richards, Wm, Hertrich, J. .lannoch and Alex. Urquhart, liad consid- erable difficulty in making their awards, so close was the competition in some cases. In the evening the judges and officers were the guests of Thos. Chisliolm at an elegant dinner which certainly did credit to all. A most enjoyable time was had, and both Mr. Chisliolm and his able manager, Mr. Kennedy, e.xerted themselves to the utmost to nialve things agreeable all round. — Ex- (IiauLje. TARRYTOWN HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. The regular nionflily meeting of the Tarrytown (N. Y.) Horticultural Society was lield Wednesday evening, October •''.1. The judges awarded first prize for celery to H. Wells, gardener to Mrs. H. Draper, Dobbs Ferry. Other good exliibits of celery were staged by J. Mooney and J. Elliott. Tliere was also a fine exhibit of apples by S. Porteous. Wm. Williams. J. Hall, i'. ("irant and Samuel Porteous were nominated for active membershi]). A committee lias lieeii appointed to ar- range for a social gatliering and ladies' night at the November meeting. J. A. LEE. Corresponding Secretary. NEW JERSEY FLORICULTURAL SOCIETY. The regular meeting of the New Jersey Floricultural Society was held in Orange, N. .!., on Monday, November 2. The meet- ing was known as a chrysanthemum night and some excellent blooms were on exliibi- tion. For the best 12 blooms in any variety with stems not less than two feet: Mrs. Henry Graves, Orange, N. J., was first; C. C. (ioodrieh, W. Orange, N. .1., second; A. B. .lenliins, third. CXiltural certificates were awarded to S. & A. Colgate, Peter Hauck, .Ir., and ilrs, A. J. Moulton for decorative clirysantheraums. Mrs. A. .1. Moulton re- ceived a cultural certificate for mushrooms and C. W. Baker, of Montclair, a certificate of merit for hardy chrysanthemums. The judges were fieorge ^^^raight, Frank Drews and Max Schneider. GEO. STRANGE, Secretary. OYSTER BAY (N. Y.) HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Tlie regular meeting of the Oyster Bay (N. Y. ) Horticultural Society was held in tlie Fireman's Hall, October 2S. The win- ners iu the monthly exhibit were A. Walker, cauliflowers; ,L Duthie, cbrysautbemuins; F. Petroccia, pears. The next meeting will be held November 23 and all future meetings duriuLT the winter months will be called for 2 o'clock in the afternoon, instead of at night as in the past. Exhibits for next meeting — 1 pot of primula any variety; 12 carnations; 3 leeks. The third annual chrysantlienium show was held October 30. and was a great suc- cess, although the Glen Cove and New York sliows were on the same date. The prizes were a great deal more valuable tlian those of last year and exbiliits more numerous. The principal winners were .James Duthie, gardener for E. M. Townsend; .J. Duckham, gardener for E. F. Whitney; J. T. Ingram; Don't Neglect Fall Spraying " SC ALECIDE "" Modern Methods Demand It TRADE MARK REG. U. S. PAT. OFF. It pays to get in fall spraying -whenever possible. There is danger i : waiting for spring spraying. "Scalecide" is belter than any otherdormant spray, either for insects orfungi. Costs no more than lime-sulphur or the less effec- tive mixtures. Our booklet "Scalecide.The Tree Saver" mail- ed free. B.G.Pratt Co., Dept. "4 ", .SO Church St., N. Y. City. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 269 Inliii l),.\ijic; .1. l;|.iir; A. Walker, gaidi'iKT I.. II. ( . .-^iiiilli; K. Kvh', uar.loiior to I.. C. I"ill'aii\. A. X. I'icrsdii. Ill' Ci-omwcll. Conn., ox- liibitcil some novelty puinpoiis for wliieli tliey veeelved the soeiety's bronze medal. \V. A. ilnnda exliiliited some novelty dahlias .111(1 also received a Iironze medal. (_'. Jlills, .sii]iei intendeiit to .1. ,'-;. lilarUtoii. (tilt np several line exhibits and received enl- tiiial certificates. K. KII;K1I.\M, S.iivtaiv. THE WESTCHESTER AND FAIRFIELD HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. All iiiterestiiif; and welbattondcd iiici'lini; ■ ■I the Westehi'ster and Fairfield llurtieni- I lira I Society was held at (ireeinvich, t'oiin.. XoM-inlier i:i. President W'illiainsoii ]ire- ~idiii^. ( liie lite member and one active meinber were elected to iiienibershi|i. A inelimiiiary statement was made )<\ tlic l-all .Show Committee, sliowine the recent . xhibition at New Ivochelle. X, V.. to ha\e been a financial success as well as an e\- liiliition of the fjardeners' art of superior <|uality. One of our highly honored niem- In'Is. Mayor-elect .lolin il. ]!rown, of Stain- lord, t'omi., in a happy vein made the jires- cntatioii of prizes won at the recent exhi- bition, and assured the members of his eon- tinned hearty support in his personal as well as oHicial capacity. The nominations lor olRcers of the society for the ensuing year were next in order. A cominunication was read from the secretary of the Na- tional Association of (Jardeners setting forth the principles of the National Co-operative Committee as adojited at a recent meeting The W. & F. Society is in hearty accord with the X'ational Committee in their eflorts in behalf of the gardener and the advance- ment of horticulture, and the local commit- tee will endeavor to assist the National Oommittee in evervthing tending to such advancement. A vase of ihrvsanthemiiin- was on exlii- liition imrposely to start a discussion as to what constitutes a "Terininal Sprav." < Ijiinions on this subject vary. The growing and exhiliiting of the single and iiompom varieties of mums is lieconiing yearly more popular, and if the future Scliedules of the fall I'xliibitions are to contain the classifi- cation "Terminal .Spray" we suggest that the "Chronicle" obtain and print in a promi- nent ]ilace the findings of the Chrysanthe- miiiii Society of .\nieriea in the matter, thereby giving intending exhibitors of these ]ioiiular llowers a chance to prevent dis- ipialifications of exhibits on merely techni- cal points. The next meeting of the society will be neceinber 11, P. W, POPP, Oorres|,i]|i(|ing Secretary, NASSAU COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. The nioiithly meeting of the .Nassau Coun- ty Horticultural Society was ludd Novem- ber 11 at (Jlen Cove. N. Y. President II, • iaiit in the chair. The feature of the meet- ing was the competition for the president's prizes for table decorations by assistant .gar- deners, and some very tine tables were dis- played by these promising gardeners of the younger set, 1st, Robert Jones, assistant to F, Honeyinan on the Chubb estate: 2nd. Chas. Parr, assistant to J. W, Everitt on the John T, Pratt estate; 3rd, Arthur Book, as- sistant to President II. Gaut on the IT, L, Pratt estate. There were six competitors, >lrs, George F, P)aker was elected an lion- for table decoration at the fall show to J. W. Kveritt, ami also the ilrs, K, .S, Smithers special prize of a set of books to .loliii V. .lohnston for collection outdoor llowers. after which \'ii'e-]iresident Win. Gray |iresented (n President If. Gaiit the .Mr-. I-". S. Stnitlier- -iUcr cup for ."id varieties liaril\ |i(iiiipoiii clirysanthemnins. Tliis I'lip has bi'cii in competition si.x .years. and was won for keeps this yi>ar by tlie re- lipieiit. Next meeting Wednesday after- noon. Ileccnilicl 11. I'.ll (. IIAKKN .lOXKS. Correspond in Li Si'cu'tary. TUXEDO HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Tlie ri'giilar monthly ii ting of the Tux- edo llorticnltiiral Society was licdd on Xo- veinber II. President l)a\id .Macdntosh in the chair. A financial report was read in connection with our Hower show, which was satisfactory. The nomination of officers for l!ll.") takes jilacc' at our next meeting on De- ci-nihi r J, when we are also to have the pleasure of a i.ilk from James MacMaehan. Qnile .1 few of the gardeners in the Park in- tend making th(> triji to Philadelphia to at- tend the convention of the N. .\. G. when some of tlieni oiikIiI to be heard of at the bowlinsr tonrnanient. John Kelly was ad- milted to ineniberslii|i. TIIOS. \\TLSON, Secretary. CONNECTICUT HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. The first Xovcniber meeting was liidii in tlie County linilding. Hartford, on Friday evening, the l;itli, at S o'clock. President lliiss presided. There was an unusually line disjday of chrysanthemums, all sizes and varieties being represented. In the col- lection exhibited by President John F, Hnss was a vase containing six large w liite chry- santheraums "William Turner." The size of these beauties was remarkable, being at least twent,v-four inches in circumference. The Park Department had an exhibit of large ehrysantlieiiinms, each specimen ex- citing the keene-t admiration. Mr. Warren S. Mason, of Fannington, exhiliited some fine seedling geraniums (Lcmoines Hybride). He also displayed .-i splendid eolleotion of poni]ion and single mums, with some large varieties, Alex, Cuinming, .Tr„ the rose ex- jiert with A, N, Pierson, Inc.. of Ch-omwell. Conn.. exhibited a new rose named ■■Ophelia." saliiKui color and \ cry fragrant. This is a beauty, and no doniit will be a record-breaker as a seller. George W. Frascr, of the Connecticut .Agiicnltnral Col- lege, Storrs, had on exhibition a hand-nine pink rose, ^Mrs, A. G. Ciillex . Mrs, C. II. Sieinian. Mr. Ii. A. Piiiney and Mr, (leoii^c \\ . I'lascr were iiaim-d as judges, and the_\ found the task a hard one. A col- lection of $16.09 was taken up for the l!el- gian Relief Fund. Mr, G, 11, ITollister read an article from The Gardeners' Chronicle of America on '■Propagation of Ornamental Trees and Shrubs" for wliich he was ac- corded a hearty vote of thanks, A local co-operative committee of the Na- tional Association of Gardeners ■was ap- pointed at this meeting, viz.: Mr, II, A, Pinney, Mr, W. W. Hunt and Mr, C. 11. Sierman. Three new members were added to our roster. Mr. P. A. Sears, one of the charter members of the societ.y, was iircs- eiit. and made a few reminiscent remarks, ALRUFD DIXON, Secretary. FORCING FALL TOMATOES. Growing tomatoes in the greenhouse in the fall is not as eas.y an undertaking as I he inexjierienced may think, at least in north- ern latitudes. Tomato plants of the same variety grown in the same greenhouse and soil and by the same grower act very ditl'er- ently when grown in the fall and .spring. The fall grown plants are more spindling, not as vigoroii-. and do not, as a rule, set Iruit as freclv as those grown in the spring .111(1 summer months. The fall grown plants are more frec|uently atta(d mosaic disease, and aiiparently are less resistant to a good many troubles than those grown in the spring. There probably is but one chief reason for this and that is the dilTerent weather con- -hii, lAi.ncs ,Tune 21sti 1915.) 270 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. This is the time to Spray your Fruit and Ornamental Trees with SCALINE For San Jose, Oyster Shell and all scale on trees and hardy stock. An effective remedy for red spider on The Recognized Standard Insecticide for green, black, white fly, red spider, thrips, mealy bug and soft scale. Can be used on tender plants. FUNGINE Frjv mildew, rust and other blights. It is perfectly safe to apply to fruits and vegetables, as it is non-poisonous. An infallible remedy for rose mildew, carnation and chrysanthemum rust. VERMINE For eel, cut and wire worms working in the soil. It can be applied to all \'egetation. NIKOTIANA A 12yc Xicotine solution properly diluted for \apori/:ino-. fumigating I "40 V NICOTINE" m A ciincentrated nicntine for vapor- I izing, fumigating and spraying. 1 If you cannot obtain our products from your I local dealer, send us your order with I remittance and we will ship imme- I diately through our nearest agent I Aphine Manufacturing Co. I Manufacturers of Agricultural Chemicali m MADISON, N. J. BON ARBOR Awarded Diploma and Silver Medal at 1912 Royal International Exhibition, London, Eng. BON ARBOR NO. 1 will keep your Tennis Courts and Lawns green in the hottest weather. Will grow Lettuce, Celery, Cauliflower, and anything that matures above the ground to the finest perfection. We can prove it. Bon Arbor No, 1 is put up as follows: Package making 15 gallons, by mall. .. .$0.30 Package making 30 gallons, by mall 55 S lb. package making 150 gallons, esp. extra 1.80 25 lb. package making 750 gallons, esp. extra 6.25 50 lb. package making 1.500 gallons, exp. extra 12.50 lOf) lb. package making 3.000 gallons. exp. extra 20.00 Barrels nom 250 to 300 lbs., 18c. per lb. RADIX WORM ERADICATOR removes worms instantly from your Tennis Courts, Golf Greens, Flower Pots, etc. 2 gallons, making 200 gallons, $2.00 per gallon. lyi gallons sufficient for Tennis Court 78 x 36 feet. ANT DESTROYER. Rid your garden and lawn of ants. It can be done in less than a week. Per lb. 65c.; 10 lbs., 60c, per lb,; 25 lbs., 50c. per lb. BON ARBOR CHEMICAL CO. Paterson, N. J., U. S. A. Write for descriptive catalogue, new 1912 edition. We manufac- ture also Radix Worm Eradicator, Insecticides, Weed Killer and all agricultural chemicals. Special prices on large quantities. HEN it comes to Gre en- Houses, m come to ■ m I i I m I §) General Offlces and Factory— ELIZABETH, N. J. ^(j m m i. General Offlces and Factory— ELIZABETH, N. J, New York Boston Philadelphia 1170 Broadway 49 Federal St. lllllHlinilllllllllllllUIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII^^ 'iiiiimiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiniiniiil 40 S. IStli St. ^J i i^i^i^ilSi^tM^i^i-m't^li^^S THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. By an Unusual Arrangement with the Publishers We Offer to Our Readers on Special Easy Terms BAILEY'S NEW Everything Newly Written Up To Date Beautifully Illustrated Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture TPHE new Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture has been freshly written in the light of the most recent '■ research and experience. It is not merely an ordinary revision or corrected edition of the old Cyclo- pedia, but it is a new work from start to finish with enlarged boundaries geographically and practic- ally ; it supersedes and displaces all previous editions or reprints of every kind whatsoever. It is the fullest, the newest, the most authoritative of all works of its kind and constitutes the most conscientious attempt that has ever been made to compress the whole story of our horticultural thought, learning and achievement into one set of books. The owner of the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture will have at hand in this work a means of quickly satisfying his need for authoritative in- formation. It is both an Encyclopedia and a Manual, for with the aid of its Synopsis and Key, amateur and professional alike may quickly identify any plant, shrub or fruit contained within the set, and then receive expert instructions for its cultivation. Write for 16 Page Prospectus Containing Complete Descrip- tion and our offer : : : : To Subscription Department, GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA, Madison. N. J. Associating the Garage and Greenhouse TWO pleasure givers — two essentials; the auto and the greenhouse. Adding so much to the enjoyment of country living, the asso- ciating of them in thought seems but natural. To carry the thought ^till farther: the garage and the greenhouse are a logical liiik-u]). Logical and economical. Yaw save the cost on one gable of the work room. The one boiler will heat them both, to the economy of both. There are, however, certain important factors that must be consid- ered for the safety and efficiency of each. VVe won't go into them here, but will gladly advise you about them. If you would like our suggestions corccrning the design and layout of the "link-up," we will gladly airaiige to make them for you. Or should you employ an aichiiecl we would be glad to co-operate with him. In any event, let's talk the question over. U-BAR GREENHOUSES PIERSON U-BAR CO ONE MADISON AVE. NtWYORK CANADIAN Of net 10 rMllUrS tLACE MONIREAi THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. •THE gift for all the family. With this ^ incomparable instrument of your home, "all the music of all the world" is yours to command. No other gift can assure so much in genuine delightful pleasure and entertainment, for so long a time, at so little cost, as a Columbia Grafonola. ©ilMMMBi Any one of 8500 Columbia dealers will gladly deiiiunstraie any Graf- onola, from the one at $17.50 — and it's a real Columbia — to the mag- nificent model at .$500. A small initial payment places any Columbia in your home — and on Christmas morning if you wish. Balance can be paid, at yi ml" convenience, after the holidays. COLUMBIA GRAPHOPHONE COMPANY Box L 203 Woolworth Building, - New York Toronto : 365-367 Sorauren Avenue Dealers wanted where we are n.>t actively represented. Write for particulars. We illustrate the new " Leader" Columbia Grafonola, typical of every other Culumbia in its wonderful tone-qualitv. The "Leader" equipped with the new Individual Record Kjector, an exclusive Columbia feature. Price, $85; with regular record r;ick, $75. Others $17.50 to ^00. GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA PARKS 8c GARDENS ILLUSTRATED THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. THE gift for all the family. With this *' incomparable instrument of music in your home, "all the music of all the world" is yours to command. No other gift can assure so much in genuine delightful pleasure and entertainment, for so long a time, at so little cost, as a Columbia Grafonola. Anyone ot ^^oo (-'o'.imibia dcalci*^ will ghitily (k-:nnnslralc any (irat- onola, from the one at $17.50 — and it's a real Columbia — to the mathers $17 50 to $500. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 275 Miiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiin^ FOR EXHIBITORS GIANT SPENCER SWEET PEAS BURNETT'S SUPERB "ORCHID-FLOWERED" SELECTION wliitL- ^'niiiiid. Kxirn tiiiL'. AMERICA SPENCER. Uccl rliiKc I'kt. 111.-., (iz. 4Clc. BLUE JACKET. .\ liiii', il<-.-|> "iiv.v lihie. Plit. 15r.. nz. .fl.OO. CLAKA CURTIS. .\ Que ■•Priimosf Spi-nccr." I'kt. lOr., oz. SOc. DOBBIE'S CREAM. li.iiiililHl |.rimroso-«ilorcd flowers. I'kt. lOc, EMPRESS EUGENIE. LIkHI ^■l"l.v. fl!ik(!cl with liivoiiilcr. I'kt. 2.')c. HERCULES. A liir!;pr, iloi'pi'i-. iiiiiinneil •■('[Hiiitcss Sii.iuiT." I'kt. I5c,, oz. 1m: ILLUMINATOR. .\ li.'ll saliiioM pink. Tkt. 2.'c. JOHN INGMAN. r.iiKlit rusy c:uiiiiii.-. I'kt. Kli-.. oz. 4iii-. S1..M1IV ill cxisteiieo. I'kt. 15c. KING WHITE, r,. St Wljil.' i.z. .SI. I'd. LADY EVELYN EYRE. I'iiik lliislu'il salinon. I'kt. lOc. oz. 50c. LOYALTY. Vi.ilit Hake on wliite jiroiiiiil. I'kt. l.'ic oz. $1.00. MARGARET ATLEE. I'ilik on eieain. sillTused witli salmon. Pkt. MAUD HOLMES, lieep carmine scarlet. Pkt. 10c. , oz. 50c. MRS. CUTHBERTSON. Stanilard rose pink, wings nearly white. rkl. 1.-.e , oz. 5:1.00. ORCHID, lieep laveiiiler, siiftuseil witll pink. Pkt. 25c., oz. ?1.50. PRINCE GEORGE. A pastil slinde. ros.v lilac. I'kt. 15c., oz. $1.00. ROSABELLE. .\ very line' lar^o rose self. I'kt. 25c.. oz. .$1.50. WEDGEWOOD. Tile liesi lUiie Sjieio-.T. I'kt. 2.'ic. BURNETT'S PRIZE-WINNER COLLECTION 25 Varieties as follows. 1 pkt. of each. Price $3.50 AMERICA SPENCER BLUE JACKET CLARA CURTIS BOBBIES CREAM ELFRIDA PEARSON EMPRESS EUGENIE ETTA DYKE HELEN LEWIS HERCULES ILLUMINATOR JOHN INGMAN KING WHITE LADY EVELYN EYRE LOYALTY MARGARET ATLEE MARTHA WASHINGTON MRS. CUTHBERTSON MAUD HOLMES MRS. C. W. BREADMORE NUBIAN ORCHID PRINCE GEORGE ROSABELLE THOS. STEVENSON WEDGEWOOD All the above and many other choice varieties are listed and fully described in our illustrated -Spring Cata- logue for 191.S now ready — a copy of which will be mailed free on application. BURNETT BROTHERS 98 CHAMBERS STREET, SEEDSMEN Between Broadway and Church Streets, NEW YORK Telephone 6138 Barclay iniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii ittiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiisiisiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii^^ iiiiiiiinniiiiiiiiiii iiniiiniuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiii^^ u IN THE LAST ANALYSIS RESULTS ARE WHAT COUNT!" The Chrvsaiitlieimims we ha\'e tlistrib- iited every year in spite of all }iiii hear to the contrary are still the Prize \\'innin,L; va- rieties. Our catalogue for 191. ^ is filled from ccn'er to cover with a list of high class stock which will eclipse anything we have previ- ously distributed; Antigone, Earl Kitchener, Bob Pulling, etc., are wonders ! The list includes also Novelties in Early Flowering and Single types. In New Roses, dmi't Inrgct. W bite Shaw- yer and Mrs. F. F. Thnm])siin. the pure white and shell-pink sports of Mrs. Geo. Shawyer, also Hoosier Beauty, the western scarlet, and Dickson's Novelties. Novelty Carnations will include .'Mice, Laura Weber, etc. Catalogue Un- 1915 has been mailed: if your copy has not l)eeii received, drnp us a line. Compliments of tne Season CHARLES H. TOTTY, Madison, N. J, 276 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. MATCHLESS A GREAT SUCCESS This remarkable new white carnation has made goud every prediction that we made when we disseminated it last year. Reports that come to us from all over the country are all to the effect that MATCHLESS, be- cause of its vigorous constitution, freedom of growth, earliness and wonderful production, is the greatest advance obtained in carnations in man}- years. Many of the growers commenced cutting high-class flowers as early as Aug. 20th. One large grower tip to November 1st had cut five flowers per plant and reports that his benches are now carry- ing a large crop of the highest quality (jf blocjm. (Jur own experience with MATCHLESS during the four years we have been growing it for the New York market, has proved to us that MATCHLESS is as productive as any existing variety and can be grown to perfection by the ordinary gmwcr. These characteristics, together with the high quality of flower and the fact that MATCHLESS is non-bursting, making it possible to utilize 10070 of the blooms, make MATCHLESS . me nf the most profitable varieties to grow. Consensus of opinion is that MATCHLESS has taken its place as the leading white carnation in all respects. Recognizing that there will be an enormous demand for MATCHLESS this year, we have de- voted two houses entirely to stock plants and will be in pcjsition tn hll e\ery order that comes to us with cuttings of the highest qualitv. Rooted Cuttings for IMMEDIATE DELIVERY Plants from 2-inch pots READY MARCH 1ST COTTAGE GARDENS CO., Inc. - QUEENS, N. Y. ANNOUNCEMENT! On or about February I st, 1915, we will occupy our new building at 54 Vesey Street in addition to our present building, 56 Vesey Street. When alterations are completed we will have the largest Horticultural Auction Rooms in the World. Our Spring Auction Sales of Nursery Stock will start in the early part of March. If you do not receive our Auction Catalogues, please notify us and w^e w^ill mail you copies throughout the season. The MacNiff Horticultural Co. 54 and 56 Vesey Street New York THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 277 THE FIRM OF PETER HENDERSON & CO. was founded in 1 847, and the 68 years of success that are behind Henderson's Tested Seeds must and does make them the best that it is possible to buy. In your grandfather's day Henderson's was the standard by which other seeds were judged, and the same condition exists in 1915. Our methods of seed trials and seed testing, which were the best three generations ago, we have improved upon from year to year and today are still the best. The unknown quantity on your garden and farm is the quality of the seeds you sow, and you cannot be too careful in making sure that you obtain the best procurable. For many years the name of Peter Henderson & Co. has become indissolubly linked with all that is best in seeds, because our constant purpose has always been — and will continue to be — to supply to our customers pure seeds of the highest germinating power only. Three Generations The business founded by Peter Henderson is still carried on by his son, Charles Henderson, Peter Henderson, son of Alfred Henderson (deceased), and Howard M. Henderson, son of Charles Henderson, thus insuring its continu- ance along the lines laid down by its founder. In this country, where quick transitions in business are common, the worth of a house carried successfully into the third generation should inspire confidence. In no other business is this factor more essential. The purchaser of seeds should consider the reputation of the house seeking his patronage before buying. Our Manual of "EVERYTHING FOR THE GARDEN," for 1915, we consider the best we have ever issued, and the seeds, plants, bulbs, etc., have been grown and selected with the same conscientious care which has been our successful endeavor for 68 years. Those who have not received this catalog je may obtain it free upon application by mentioning Gardeners' Chronicle. We have in preparation our Farmers' Manual, Implement and Lawn Catalogues and will mail these also as issued. PETER HENDERSON & CO. 35-37 CORTLANDT STREET NEW YORK CITY j I PETER HENDERSON & CO., j 35 and 37 Cortlandt St., New York City I IMia.so sen.l iiw with.mt chair'- J""i' maninil. ] Evorythins: for tlie diidL-ii. Naiiif Address - G. C. 278 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. Begonia and Gloxinia Bulbs Now ready for delivery Extra large Mother Bulbs of the most improved Large Flowering type Especially selected for Pot Culture and Exhibition BEGONIAS, SINGLE, Crimsnn, Scarlet, White, Kiise, Yelli'W, fjrange. Salmon. 50c. doz. ; $4.00 per hundred. BEGONIAS, DOUBLE, in all the ab.ne cl- (irs. SI. 00 doz.; $6.W:) per hundred. GLOXINIAS, Red with White Border, Crim- >(in, N'iiilet, Blue. Each, 10c. : doz., 85c. Our new catalog is ready; it is larger and finer than ever. Send for a copy. Weeber ^ Don Seed Aicrcliant.s and Growers 114 Chambers Street, New York ^iiiiNiiiniiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniuiniHiiiiNiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiw 1915 SEE THAT YOU RECEIVE OUR NEW ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE ALSO OUR NURSERY CATA- LOGUE OF SHRUBS,TREES, PLANTS AND OTHER NURSERY STOCK liiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiHiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiininiiiiiimnniiimiiiiiNiiiiiiiiNiiiiiiiiiiiiiinwiiiiiiim I Extend tne Cnrysantnemum Cut | I Flower Season D)) Planting | 1 EDWIN SEIDEWITZ. Clear pink. Excellent j I tlciwer from Thanksgiving to December 1st. | I 20c, each, $2.00 per doz., $15,00 per 100. j I MRS. E. D. GODFREY. The pink Single, com- | I ing well into December. | I $1.00 per doz., $6.00 per 100, | I MISS ISABELLE. A bronze sport of Mrs. God- | i frey, coming at the same time. | I 30c. each, $3.00 per doz., $22.50 per 100. j 1 EXHIBITION 'MUMS | I ALGONAC (Smith). White, tinted cream at | i center. i I SILVER KING (Smith). Reflexed pure white; j I large Hovvers. Very fine variety. i I MANKATO (Smith). Described as a Reginald j 1 X'allis. with a stem to hold it up. j j $1.50 each, $15.00 per dozen. | I Whether for exhibition or for general growing we | i can supply the l)est varieties. Our catalog 1 1 will lie mailed early in January. | I ANPlERSON INC. I I QpMMLL GARpENS | I Crpmwell Conn | B— \ Seeds with a Lineage Lovers of gardens and grounds should know that at Raynes Park, London, England, Messrs. James Carter & Co. have the finest and most complete testing and trial grounds in the world. Their equipment and the unique meth- ods employed guarantee the quality of their seeds. For generations they have been cultivating, selecting and perfect- ing until Carter's Tested Seeds have reached the highest percentage of purity and germmation. We import these seeds direct from Raynes Park and carry a complete stock at our Boston warehouses. Write for copy of 1915 Catalogue. Ready December 1 st. Write for our catalogue which will be mailed free on request W. E. MarsKall & Co. i66 West 23rd Street NEW YORK ^iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiHiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiinniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiin^ fUdtkxJL Sj^j^4^ CARTERS TESTED SEEDS, Inc. Ill Chamber of Commerce Bldg. Boston, Mass. Branches at Seattle, Toronto, Montreal, THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 279 FINEST Grade English Eremurus in eight different varieties. Specimen clumps from $3.00 each, up. New pale pink seeiliny in foregrounii — E. Robuslus in baci^^irountl Our "Excellenta" LILT of the VALLEY Pips, now in, tKe finest this counto) ever saw — in cases of 250 pips, every pip selected — $7.50 per case, for immeaiate or later^^deli-Oery. TKe very finest German Pot-grown Lilacs $3.00 eacn. Exhibition specimen plants,,.Pri2e winners, $12.00 each. Of everything in the BULB line, the very highest grade. lOHKf SCHEEPERS & CO., Inc. 2 STONE ST., NEW YORK 280 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. giiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiininiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiNiiNiiNiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiitiiiiiiiiiii^ I Julius Roehrs Company | Nurserymen and Florists | Headquarters for Orchids, Palms, Stove and j Greenhouse Plants, Bay Trees and Box ] Trees, Laurus Cerasus, Aucubas, | Cyclamen, Begonia Lorraine | and Cincinnati, Evergreens, j Deciduous Trees and i Shrubs. I RUTHERFORD, NEW JERSEY | '^iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiNiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiii^^ liiiiiiimiraiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiujiiDiiiiii iiuiiiiiimiiiiiiiiniiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiminiiiniiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii^^^ I Incorporated 1911 ANDREW K. KENNEDY. Pres. and Treos. j I KENNEDY & HUNTER i I SEEDSMEN I Lily of the Valley— Hardy Lilies— Spiraea Just arrived in fine condition Write for list of surplus bulbs 156 West 34th Street ?e"n?a"'ta'Z New York "ONLY THE BEST" ^iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiNiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiH^^^^^ piiiiiiininiiiiiiiniiiiiHiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiNiiiiiiitiininniiiiiiiii^ iiiiiiiiiiinmniiniiiiiiiiiniitininniiitiiiii^ I SPECIAL NOTICE to \ I Gardeners ana Superintendents | iiiiniiii I NEW, RED DOROTHY PERKINS | I EXCELSA I H Winner of the Hubbard Memorial Medal for M m the best Rose introduced in the last five years. M M We have in all sizes probably the finest stock of = H this fine rose in America. s g This is typical of our complete assortment of M g Climbing Roses for Parks, Gardens and private m M Estates. Send for our new Price List. s I THE CONARD & JONES COMPANY | g WEST GROVE, PA. ■ iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiii^^ I THIRTY-FIVE YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL BUSINESS-BUILDIKG. i s Our 1015 Catalogue is in tbe printers' liands now and will be § 1 ready for mailing about Jan. 1st. Be sure to get one, it is one of E H the most descriptive and complete catalogues ever printed. Drop = s us a postal and we will cheerfully mail you a copy. 1 I Philadelphia's Leading Seed House | I HENRY F. MICHELL CO. j j 518 MARKET STREET, PHILADELPHIA | ^iimiiiiiiliiiiiliiiiinuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiuiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiw I THE IDEAL GIFT FOR EVERY I FLOWER-LOVER S is found in these two wonderfully interesting B books. Anyone who appreciates the beauties of B Nature will be fascinated from cover to cover, p Beautifully illustrated and handsomely printed. I "THE VOICE OF THE GARDEN" I "MY GARDEN OF DREAAS" ^ By ABRAM LINWOOD URBAN B Price $1.30 each. Shipped pre- B paid on receipt of remittance. I THOMAS MEEHAN & SONS Germantown, Phila , Pa. mil Box 65 We Design and Furnish Plans for the Finest Landscape Work If you are contemplating any ex- tensive park or estate planting com- municate with us on your requirements. Our Nursery is located at Scarbur- ough, N. Y., near the railroad station, comprising over fifty acres, and con- tains one of the choicest and rarest col- lections of shrubs and trees in the country. We have been awarded for the last three years, by the Horticul- tural Society of Xew ^'(lrk. FIRST PRIZE FOR THE FINEST AND LARG- EST COLLECTION OF HARDY SHRUBS AND TREES. We will take pleasure in sending our catalogue on request. F. R. PIERSON COMPANY Main Office and Post Office, Tarrytown, N. Y. Telephone, Tarrytown 48 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 281 THE BEST NOVELTY SPENCER SWEET PEAS FOR 1915 BOADICEA. A giant opal pink, delicately suffused pale cattleya mauve. The flowers are of .great size and substance, and beautifully waved; a very strong grower, and always abundance of four bloom sprays. A gem for exhibition. (Very scarce.) Pkt. 30 cts.; 4 for $1.00. BOBBIE'S FRILLED PINK. One of the most charming Sweet l'ea> ever raised. It is a Duplex form of Countess Spencer at its best. A distinct novelty, which will amplv repay a little extra care. Pkt. 2S cts.; 5 for $1.00. ' DON ALVAR. Grown side by side with all the best lavenders, Don Alvar was acknowledged by experts to be tlie best lavender yet seen. There is no dif- ficulty in getting four and five flowered sprays. (Seed scarce.) Pkt. 30 cts.; 4 for $1.00 HELEN PIERCE SPENCER. Now fixed in true Spencer form. It is a most attractive flower and re- minds one of a blue mottled Glo.xinia. The ground color is white marbled and penciled with bright blue in thin lines on both wings and standard. The vines are vigorous and produce an abundance of strong stems, carrying invarialilj- four large blossoms. Pkt. 2S cts.: 5 for $1.00, JESSIE CUTHBERTSON SPENCER. Those grow- ers who like a good stripe in their collection — and one or two are necessary in every collection — will welcome this grand addition. In the days of popu- lar Grandifloras Jessie Cuthbertson was the favor- ite stripe, and our efforts to produce a Spencer form of this variety have now been rewarded with a fine large vigorous flower. The ground color is rich cream overlaid with stripes and marblings of bright rose pink. Both standard and wings are alike col- ored and the whole effect is bold and pretty. Pkt. 25 cts.; 5 for $1.00. MARGARET ATLEE. This was a leading novelty last year and it has proved to be a great favorite. The color is warm salmon pink, perfectly suffused over a cream ground. The cream deepens into bright buff at base of standard and wings and this lights up the flower with great effect. The shade of pink found in Margaret Atlee is entirely a new shade and commands admiration. The flowers are of extraordinary size and many flowers measure two and one-half inches across the standard. This variety bears a large proportion of duplex flowers, which greatly adds to its effectiveness. Margaret Atlee gained a Certificate of Merit from the American National Sweet Pea Society. Silver Medal National Sweet Pea Society of Great Brit- ain, July, 1914. Pkt. 25 cts.; 5 for $1.00. MONTESUMA. This is considered to be a great im- provement on Senator Spencer. The flowers are a more pleasing color, being striped with reddish maroon, the base of the standard showing a touch of orange; a good grower, producing four flowered sprays in abundance. Pkt. 30 cts.; 4 for $1.00. NEW MARGARET MADISON. In New Margaret Madison we have a greatly improved strain of the popular lavender color found in our variety Mar- garet Madison. The size of the blossom has been almost doubled and the form of the flower is now all that could be wished for in a Spencer Sweet Pea. The color, too. is daintier and prettier and is as near a true lavender as one could wish. The vines are very vigorous and the bold flowers are borne on long, stout stems and usually four blossoms to each stem. New Mar.garct Madison and New Miriam Beaver make a delightful soft color combination. Pkt. 25 cts.; 5 for $1.00. NEW MIRIAM BEAVER. Alany and varied are the shaiKs '.1 pink in Sweet Peas, but in New Miriam Beaver we have an entirely new and dis- tinct shade of pink. It is the daintiest and most pleasing shade of pink yet discovered in Sweet Peas. The color is hard to determine, but we think tliat a soft shell salmon pink on cream ground lightly overlaid with soft hydrangea pink would convey a good idea of its uniqueness. The color is evenly distributed over both stand- ard and wings and is very light and pretty. The flowers are large, nicely waved — often du- plexed— and beautifully placed on long stout stems. All otlier pinks look "heavy" beside this delight- ful sliade. New Miriam Beaver will be the ladies' favorite wherever Sweet Peas are grown. Pkt. 2':' cts.; 5 for $1.00. NORVIC. This is one of the largest flowered and best strains of White Spencer Sweet Pea yet intro- duced. The blooms, which are of extraordinary size, are exceptionally well waved. It is quite fixed in character. Pkt. 20 cts.; 6 for $1.00. ORANGEMAN. .\ very fine large-flowered variety I'f true Spencer form. Color a rich, deep orange, beautifully waved. .A very strong grower and equally .good for both exhibition and market. Pkt. 20 cts.; (1 for $1.00. ROBERT SYDENHAM. (Holmes.) One of the most individual colors introduced into the modern Sweet Pea. It is a bright orange salmon self-col- ored, rather lighter than the Stirling Stent and deeper than Mcllja or Barbara. It is of immense size and owing to its soft texture needs a little shading during the middle of the day. It is a grand acquisition and created a great sensation when ex- hibited at the Great .'\nnual Exhiliition in London. Pkt. 20 cts.; 6 for $1.00. ROSINA. One of the largest Sweet Peas yet intro- iluceil. The standard and wings are a bright rosy heliotrope, with a distinct wire edge of solferino red on a cream ground, which is particularly effect- ive and distinct from anything seen in Sweet Peas. On account of its pleasing and taking color, it has been greatly admired wherever exhibited, and is sure to be a very popular variety. Besides being such a vigorous grower, the flowers are of extraordinary size and well frilled of the true Spen- cer type, with abundance of four and five flowered sprays; will make a striking bunch for exhibition. Rosina was the leading novelty that helped to win the Silver Cup for new varieties at the National Sweet Pea Society 1913 Show. Pkt. 30 cts.; 4 for $1.00. ROYAL PURPLE. This we consider the best Nov- elty seen last year. It was shown at the National and other Sliows by Mr. R. Wright of Formby, and attracted a lot of attention on account of its fine royal purple color, great distinctness, and size. Dur- ing 1914 it has more than maintained the high opinion we formed of it last year, and has been very generally admired. Awards of Merit, Royal Horticultural Society and National Sweet Pea Society, 1914. Pkt. 25 cts.; 5 for $1.00. VEILED BRIDE. This is a charming novelty, and is now perfected and fixed. The .ground color is white, daintily flaked and marbled with soft rose pink. The wings and standard are alike colored. Tlie form of the flower is all that could be desired, the standard Ijcing nicely waved, round and bold. When a bunch of this variety is gathered one must call it "Sweet," the delicate markings of pink being daintiness itself. I'kt. 25 cts.; 5 for $1.00. Collection one packet each above IS varieties. $3.50 3 Collections 10.00 This offer may be used as an order sheet. Check off the varieties or collections you require and mail at your convenience Name Gardener's Name- P. O. County ■ Arthur T. Boddington, Seedsman. 342 lA/est I4th St., Noia/ York City State 282 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. Qli}i> Cnntrnts — iBrr^mb^r, X914 "Rmg Out the Old, Ring in the New" Alfred Tennvson 283 Increasing Popularity of the Rhododendron . 284 Rare Shrubs for Decorative Planting . . 285 Growing Bulbs Under Glass Maurice Fiild 287 Some of Our Popular Ornamental Hedges . 289 Wood Ashes Source of Potash . . . 290 Forcing German Pot-Grown Lilacs John Scheepers 29 1 The Value of Trees ..... 29 1 Work for the Month of January . . . 292 A New Seedling Eremurus W. H. Wahe 293 Cultural Notes on Ericas .... 293 Ceolisia or Chinese Wool Flower . . . 293 Snap-Dragon Rust ..... 294 Editorial 295 Co-operation . Cov. Martin H. Chnn. 295 National Association of Gardeners' Notes . 296 National Association of Gardeners' Convention 296 Among the Gardeners . . .301 American Association of Park Superintendents' Notes 302 The Milestone of Park Development Ceo. A. Parker 302 City Forestry in Chicago , /. H. Prosl 303 John McLaren Achieves Another Success . 305 Wmter Injury of Trees .... 306 Withdraw Protection from European Starhng 306 A Visit to a Snake Farm .... 306 Fertilizer Resources of the United States . 306 Study of Plant Odors . . . .307 A One-Tree Farm . . . . .307 Queries and Answers .... 307 Chas. A. Totty Fully Recovered . . . 308 Harry A. Bunyard, President, New York Florist Club . ■ 308 A Mammoth Plant Store . . . .308 American Sweet Pea Society . . . 308 Gardeners' Diary ..... 309 Lake Geneva, Wis., Exhibition . . . 309 Houston, Texas, Flower Show . . . 309 Maryland Week in Baltimore . . .309 Pittsburgh Florists" and Gardeners' Club . 309 Paterson, N. J., Horticultural Society . . 310 Newport, R. I., Horticultural Society . .310 Menlo Park, Cal., Horticultural Society . 310 Connecticut Horticultural Society . . .310 Westchester and Fairfield Horticultural Society 310 Tuxedo, N. Y., Horticultural Society . .311 Nassau County Horticultural Society . .311 North Westchester Ague, and Hort. Society 31 I Stumpp & Walter Co.'s Catalog Our 1915 Spring Catalog will be mailed to you on rc(|uest, if you have not already received a copy. Many New and Exhibition varieties (if Flower and \'egetable Seeds are offered. Farm and Grass Seeds are also a feature. Cannas, Dahlias, and (dadioli — the best varieties to date. We desire to express our best Christmas wishes, and hope that 1915 brings you luuch ha])piness — and to us the pleasure of serv- ing you often. Wtmpp^Umkr^ 30-32 Barclay St. New York GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA \'nl. Will. THE OFFICIAL ORGAN OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF GARDENERS Devoted to tlie Science; of IloriciiUnre and Hcrticulture. THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PARK SUPERINTENDENTS. Devoted to Park Development ani Re' rcational Facilities. DECE^rP.ER. 1''14. Xo. 8. t MO a. m Eins 0nt tfje ©lb! I^ing 3n tl)c jScto! Ring out the old, ring in the new — Ring, happy bells, across the snow; The year is going, let him go; Ring out the false, ring in the true. Ring out, wild bells, to the wild sky. The flying cloud, the frosty light; The year is dying in the night — Ring out, wild bells, and let him die. Ring out the grief that saps the mind. For those that here we see no more ; Ring out the feud of rich and poor. Ring in redress for all mankind. Ring out a slowly dying cause. And ancient forms of party strife; Ring in the nobler modes of life. With sweeter manners, purer laws. Ring out the want, the care, the sin. The faithless coldness of the times: Ring out, ring out my mournful rhymes, But ring the fuller minstrel in. Ring out false pride in place and blood, The civic slander and the spite: Ring in the love of truth and right. Ring in the common love of good. Ring out old shapes of foul disease Ring out the narrowing lust of gold ; Ring out the thousand wars of old, Ring in the thousand years of peace. Ring in the valiant man and free. The larger heart, the kindlier hand ; Ring out the darkness of the land, — Ring in the Christ that is to be. Alfred Tennyson. ^ 284 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. INCREASING POPULARITY OF THE RHODODENDRON. In Europe and England the rhododendron has been grown for several centuries as an ornamental shrub, but its culture in America dates back little more than fifty years. For a long time the idea prevailed that the hybrid varieties could be grown successfully only within the narrow limits in the United States, and that rhododendrons were for the few rather than for the many. Happily this notion has been dispelled, writL-s Joseph H. Sperry in The Country Gentleman, but exten- sive plantings of the two hardy native species — maxi- mum and Catawljiense — were begun no more than a decade ago. Now tlie planting of this finest of the broad-leaved evergreens is yearly increasing. Together with finer appreciation of the beauty of its foliage and blooms has come more intimate knowledge of species, varie- ties and cultural requirements. Rhododendrons are an ornament either to cottage grounds or to the large estate, and can be grown successfully in different situ- ations. After they are once established they are more enduring than alnmst any other shrul), and require less attention. Of the two American species of importance, Cataw- biense grows in the high Alleghenies from Virginia to Georgia, bearing in June handsome lilac-purple flowers. Catawbiense, both for planting in its wild form and for use in producing hybrids, is the most valuable known species. It was introduced into England as early as 1785, and became common there l)y 1809. So hardy is it that it and also many of its hybrids can be grown as easily as lilacs. In lieauty of foliage it ex- cels almost any other evergreen, and in bloom it rivals many European hybrids. The second valuable American si)ecies is maxinunn, often called Great Laurel and Rose Bay, which grows in the deep woods from Maine southward, and is very common in the Allegheny Alountains from New York to Georgia. Its flowers, which appear in July, vary in color from white to pink. The lateness of its blooming period, its remarkable hardiness and large, handsome foliage, all make maximum a very desirable species. In America few rhododendrons were jdanted before 1855. Catawbiense and maximum were used to some small extent, set (ju well-kept lawns and in formal gar- dens where, on account of their loose manner of growth, they suffered much from comparison with the polished surroundings amid which they were growing. Hybrids in these early plantings were used largely either as single specimens or in pairs. The mistake made in planting the native species, maximum and Ca- tawbiense, was in not placing them in pmper environ- ments, and another error in setting both these and hybrids was that group and mass plantings, which show the shrubs to the best advantage, were apparently little used. Here and there in Alassachusetts and Connecticut, and States south of these, specimens of these early plantings may be seen. In the narrow north front dooryard of the James Stannard house, at Westbrook, Conn., a pair of these early planted rhododendrons may be seen, one on each side of the entrance gate, where they have been growing hard on to a half century, re- quiring very little care, just left undisturbed, produc- ing every year a wealth of blooms, one of lilac purple, the other of blush white. In Saj'brook, Conn., several immense rhododendrons are growing in the dooryard of the old Morgan house. On the north lawn of the Goldsmith place at Milford, Conn., well away from the house but shaded somewhat both l)y street and lawn trees, are two rhododendrons evidently planted many years ago, differing much in size and shape, but one clearly being that very hardy, well-shaped, semi-dwarf variety Everestianum. -Instances might be multiplied of these survivals of early plantings. They are valuable in that they sug- gest where we should plant rhododendrons on the home grounds in reference to buildings and trees, and also that we should plant groups rather than single .specimens or pairs, though even this metlmd is proper when the home grounds are very small. Catawbiense may be put to any of the uses that are made of maximum, and may also be planted along with those hybrid varieties that bloom at the same time with it, not a few of which it equals in the beauty of its flowers. Hybrids may l:)e used in the several ways in which the native species are planted, but are inferior to the natives for such uses, and, moreover, are somewhat ex- pensive. Hardy hybrids are most enduring and effect- ive when planted close to each other, and where they will be partly shaded either by trees or by buildings or barriers of some kind from the sun and wind, especially from the southern sun, which is particularly injurious in winter as well as in summer. Plant on any side of a building or in any angle of it except the south, but not in very close proximity to its side. Both natives and hybrids flourish on western and northern slopes, and when well established need little l)rotection even from winter winds. Where drives or paths on large grounds are outlined by shade trees on each side, rhododendron borders between the trees and the drive give a fine effect. Tall and dwarf rhododendrons may not be planted in the same group, the latter being used to great ad- \antage in shaded rockeries, or amid dwarf evergreens. To sum up, the ideal location for rhododendrons is where they will get a touch of the sun, morning and evening, and a glint of its rays at noon through the treetops or overhanging branches. Massing of rhodo- dendrons, especially the native species, against a l)ack- ground of evergreen trees is very eflfecti\e. Rhododendrons will not live at all in a lime or chalk soil, nor will they drive in a clay soil, but will grow in any light, rich, sandy loam. If, however, an excavation is made to the depth of two feet and is filled in with leaf mold, peat, pine needles, leaves, stubble — in short, any decaying vegetable matter — mixed with rotted turf and sand, moisture will be conserved, better results will follow, more profuse blooms and greater permanency of the plants will he assured. Rhododendrons must have moisture, for their roots are hairlike and do not penetrate deeply into the earth. A heavy watering at the roots, just before the blooming season and during droughts, Iienefits greatly. The [jlants should not be allnwed to go into the winter dry at the roots. The best hybrid rhododendrons are produced by layer- ing ; a slow process that makes the plants expensive. Next in excellence are English and American plants that have been produced by grafting hybrids low down on Cataw- biense roots, a less expensive process giving quicker re- sults and one chiefly used by English and American nurserymen. In planting grafted rhododendrons set the plants low enough in the ground so that the point where the union is made between the graft and the root will be two inches below the surface. In a few years roots will grow out from the part of the graft beneath the soil, and what the nurservmen call an "own-root" plant will result, entirelv independent of the root upon which it was grafted, and equal in value to a layered plant. Rare Shrubs for Decorative Planting Apparently the most difficult pati: of planting is select- ing what to plant. This phase of the suhject has hereto- fore received scant attention, for few have realized how easy it is to give an air of individuality to the home grounds. The general puhlic has been content to go on jilanting about a dozen different species of common shrubs, such as lilacs, syringas, spiraeas and the like when In spring, however, shrubs may usually be depended on to bloom. The great difficulty has always been to secure shrubs that will bloom after the first burst of spring has passed. Although summer flowering shrubs are rare in comparison with those that bloom earlier in the year, a number exist, and one who would give an air of individuality to his grounds should plant them. there is a much larger list to choose from and one that First in the list of this kind should be placed the rose of Sharon (Hibiscus syriacus) a well known plant of old fashioned gardens that deserves a place in all new ones. During Juiy, August and part of September, it is literally covered with bell-shaped, blue, pink or white flowers that rather closely resemble the hollyhock. The angelica tree. (Aralia Qmertsis) and the devil's walking stick (A. has every advantage on the side of beauty and decorative usefulness, writes Wm. N. Gute in American Botanist. To be sure, he says, the species commonly planted have the merit of being exceedingly hardy, very florifer- ous and almost sure to bloom annuall}-, but many less known plants have all these characteristics. Even the species commonly planted have rela- tives fully as beau- tiful and interest- ing. The Persian lilac, for instance, costs no more than the familiar shrub of grandmother's garden and is a much more graci'- ful and charm in ; plant. It is unlikely that any other spiraea will ever supplant the bridal wreatli (Spiraea J'anlwiit- tii) but its smaller relative, known as the snow^ garland (.S". Tlnnihergii) deserves more fre- quent plantin,g. It is one of the earli- est of shrubs to bloom and its >\'and-like branche-^ laden with small. white, star-shaped flowers is warrant , r .1 Courtesy Mcl'Iiiiii .•. Ciinsen Magiijiin-. enougn tor tne halesia tetraptera-silver bell. common n a m e . About the time that the snow garland becomes con- spicuous in the shrubberies, a little known relative of another common species comes into bloom. This is the cornelian cherry (Cornus mas) which as any- one familiar with generic names will perceive, is not a cherr\- at all, but one of the dogwoods. The red-stemmed spmosa) are two members of the ginseng family that are easy to grow, curious in appear- ance and practically certain to produce great panicles of creamy-white flow- ers every August. These plants have few true branches, but they bear im- mense decompound leaves that have all the appearance of being such. In win- ter, when the great leaves have fallen, the stout, thorny stems, stiffly erect, have an odd ap- pearance which no doubt accounts for at least one of the common names. One species of tamarisk ( Tamarix t^^allica) blooms in mid-summer. It has long slender branches thickly set with tiny leaves like those of the cedar and the minute rosy flowers are borne in spikes along the branches. It is quite unlike other common plants and is most desirable for the contrasts it makes. It is a native of the rather dry and sterile parts of the Old World and will thrive even in poor soil, .\nother species, Tamarix pan'iflora, dogwoods (Cornus stuloiiifcra and C. sangniiica) are blooms earlier in the year and should not be selected planted evervwhere for the warm and pleasing effect of if summer flowers are wanted. their red bark contrasted with snowbanks, but one whi knows only these species would scarcely recognize the cornelian cherry as belonging to the group. All our native dogvi'oods have wdiite or creamy flowers which open as the leaves unfold or after they are spread. The cornelian cherry, on the contrary, has bright yellow flowers which appear before the leaves. It forms a round headed shrub some ten feet high and, when covered with its clusters of flowers, is a most conspicuous ■object and one that adds much to the appearance of our borders at the beginning of the vernal season. Later in the year the flowers are followed by red. purple, or vellow fruits. r\ summer flowering Japanese tree that is coming into cultivation is the pagoda tree {Sophora Japonica). It bears long racemes of white flowers set off by the shining leathery leaves. The tree, itself, is shaped much like a well grown Persian lilac. The varnish tree (Kolreuteria panicitlata) is another species that is not well known at present. It belongs to the soap-berry familv and is therefore akin to the maples and horse- chestnuts. It bears large panicles of bright yellow flowers at a season when flowering shrubs of any kind are desirable, and will doubtless become more common as its merits become known. Equally rare in the Northern States, at least, is the 286 THE GARDENERS- CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. chaste tree {Vitex agnus-castus). In late summer it puts forth a profusion of violet purple flowers dis- posed in dense terminal racemes. The whole plant has an aromatic odor when bruised. Unfortunatel}- the plant is doubtfully hardy north of the Ohio river, though it is said to thrive in parts of Pennsylvania and with some winter protection would doubtless endure the winters much farther north. The interesting nature of the shrub makes every effort to extend its range worth while. Here, too, may be added a not very distant relative of the soap berry which is commonly known as the smoke , Coiirtesv Mcehan's Garden Magazuie. EXOCHORDA GRANDIFLORA— PE.\KL BUSH. tree. This is really a sumac (Rhus cotiiius) tlvjugh it has little resemblance to our common kinds. Its at- tractiveness lies in its clusters of fruit steius or pedicels. The plant rarely fruits, but after blooming the pedicels lengthen and branch and being covered with longish hairs make the whole bush ap]iear as if enveloped in a nebulous haze of pale purple. The witch hazel (Haiiiamclis I'irgiiiica) which can be dug in almost any thicket in the Northern States is undoubtedly the latest of all shrubs to bloom, but it is not the only autumn flowering shrub. The blue spiraea (Caryoptcris niastacantha) does not begin to open its blossoms until September Init it continues in bloom for a month or more. The plant is not a spiraea, being more nearly allied to the chaste tree. Its appearance, however, is much like a low spiraea, which accounts for the dealer's name for it. It is also known as Chinese beardwort. This phase of the subject should not be left without some mention of the bush clover (Dcsiiiodinin pen- duUflorum) . It is neither a bush nor a clover, though it simulates both close enough to deserve its common name. In late September it is literally covered with racemes of pink pea-like flowers which make it very conspicuous. It dies to the ground in winter, though very shrub-like in appearance. Coming back to shrubs that will give additional beauty to our shrubberies in spring, we find a wealth of ma- terial from which to choose, exclusive of the popular favorites. The pearl bush ( E.vocliorda graiidiflora) is an excellent species for varying the monotonv of viburnums, syringas, and deutzias. As its common name indicates, the flowers are pearly white and are produced in abundance on the ends of the branches. The globe flower ( Kcrria Japonica ) with flowers like small yellow roses is an interesting addition to the border, not alone because of its flowers but also on account of its stems which are covered with green bark that gives a touch of vitality to the shrubbery even in winter. In autumn it frequently produces a second crop of flowers. Another species, which for want of a better name is known as the white kerria (Rhodotxpos kcrrioides) has rather larger white flowers that some- what resemble those of the blackberry. The shrub forms a compact green head that even dry weather seems nearly powerless to injure. The laburnum or golden chain (Cxtissus laburnum) is better known in the Old World than it is here, but it is one of the most attractive of plants. .At the bloom- ing season it is thickly set with long drooping racemes of yellow flowers very much like those of the locust in size and shape. When in blossom, few shrubs are pret- tier. The fringe tree {Chionaiithcs J'irgiiiica) a near relative of the ash. olive, and jirivet is another attractive species with thick and shining entire leaves and a pro- fusion of flowers with narrow drooping petals that make the common name unusually appropriate. The fringe tree is also related to our lilacs and golden bells i Forsytliia) but the silver bell, though having flowers not unlike the Porsxthia, is a m.ember of the ebony family. To the same family belongs the storax with white bell-shaped flowers. There are two or three species of storax in our Southern States, but the plant most frequently found in culti\ation is a species from Japan, 5"/y''('.r Japonica. rhan's Garden Magazine. RHUS COTINUS— SMOKE RUSH. INTERNATIONAL SPRING FLOWER SHOW New York, March 15-23, 1915 Under the auspices of Horticultural Society of New York, New York Florists' Club Preliminary Schedules may be obtained from JOHN YOUNG, Secy.' 53 W. 28th St., New York. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 287 GROWING BULBS UNDER GLASS. r>v AIaurice Fuld. The cold frame as a storing place forms the best con- necting link when bulbs are grown under glass. When bulbs are brought in from the frame they are usually placed under the bench first to change the color of the foliage. The heat must be gradually increased in order to pro- duce the best flowers. Conservatories penuit the growing of many varieties of bulbs. My aim is to bring these forward and to men- tion any special features which are necessary to grow these bulbs to perfection. To facilitate reference to them I give them here in alphabetical order. .\M.\RVLLIS HIPPK.ASTRUM F.\.MILV. Under this class one could collect perhaps several hundred varieties, but in nearly all seed books one can find the following sorts: A. Johnsoni, Prince of Orange, \'ittata Hybrids, etc.. etc. It is very essential for the grower to make sure what class of .Kmaryllis he is growing, for otherwise he will soon be in trouble. If at all possible procure growing plants in pots, for then you are saving yourself a lot of trouble and you have the advantage of enjoying a prime flower the first winter or spring. In the spring, after blooming, plunge the pots in the open ground, and water but sparingly, simply to keep them growing. The idea is to keep them in an inactive stage. About .September L^ bring them to the conserva- tory, gradually increase watering and when the buds peep through between the leaves feed with liquid sheep manure. They love a fairly warm and humid atmosphere and under those conditions produce their best flowers. If dormant bulbs are secured they must be so potted that only part of the bulb is imbedded in the soil and fully one-half to two-thirds is exposed above the surface; such plants will not produce a perfect flower until the second winter. Keep them in growing condition all the time just as recommended for growing plants. BULBOUS .ANEMONES. All the following classes, namely : Anemone Coro- naria de caen and Anemone St. llrigid require a distinct culture, which can be applied to all alike. These .\nem- ones are mostly grown for cut-flowers and will when more widely known become very popular. They are e.K- tremely cheerful and bright. The bulb should be potted in September l)y planting several in a large bulbpan or a i|uantity in seedflats. They must be stored in cold frames, but must not be allowed to freeze. The\' should not be brought to the conserva- tory until about March 1 and even then they must al- ways be grown cool. The temperature which suits the violet (about .^0 degrees at night and .^5 degrees in the daytime) suits these bulbs equally well. In fact, if a house is devoted to violets, tlie .Anemones are best planted between them, where they will produce grand results. Hut Anemones can be grown with equal success in cold frames entirely. The frame of course must be given up entirely to .\nemones or be divided with Ranunculus and early (iladiolus, which require exactly the same treat- ment. Prepare the soil in the frame carefully and pro- vide for perfect drainage. After they have been planted, place the sash over the frame. When freezing weather sets in cover the soil within with leaves right up to the sash and when the weather is extremely severe protect the frame further with mats and shutters. .\bout March 1 remove the leaves and on bright days between the hours of 10 and 3 open the sash to allow a ^ree circulation of air. Just as soon as the growth com- mences to appear above the soil, watering must be daily attended to and an ajjplication now and then of liquid sheep manure is excellent. They usuall)- begin to flower early in May and are at their best during that month. ANOM.\THECA CRUENTA. This is known as the Red Freesia, as it resembles the Freesia in growth, in foliage and flower. It is never sold in dormant condition, but the plants are usually lifted from the ground while growing and shipped here in November. They are then potted, a num- ber in a pot, and placed at once in a cool greenhouse, where they slowly grow and where they produce their bright scarlet flowers in March and April. (■.\LUCHORTUS. Although growing wild in California, it requires glass culture in the East and North. The wonderful markings of the flower which resemble those of the better orchids should be an inducement for every flower lover to grow it. The bulbs arrive late and immediately on their arrival should be potted. In growth it resembles a Tulip, but is alwavs weak in ai)pearance. The bulbs after being potted should be stored in a cold frame, but must not be allowed to freeze. In February they are brought to the conserva- torv, where thev can finally bloom in a temperature of 60 to ()5 degrees. CYPREPEDIUMS ACAULE. This is our native or wild Lady's Slipper. The pips, which are usuall\- collected in October or November, should be secured from your seedsman in frozen condi- tion, gently thawed out, potted in a pan and started cool, and the heat can slowly but gradually be increased. Un- der favorable conditions the flowers should appear in five weeks. Directly after potting they are best placed under the bench, where they are excluded from the bright light. By planting them at intervals of a week there can be a succession of flowers for several months. D.\RWIN TULIPS. I have seen them in splendid condition, wdien gently forced in the conservatory. The potting and storing can he the same as for all regular tulips, but when they are brought in from the frame they must not be placed in excessive heat; in fact, they do much better when grown entirely at a moderate temperature, such as 55 to 60 de- grees. Darwin Tulips look beautiful in pans and they furnish us the rare shades, including ])urple, mauve and wistaria. GERBERA JAMESONI AND ITS HYBRIDS. The Barberton Daisy, with its wonderful arrangement (if petals and its long, massive stems, has become one of the most select winterflowers, and now that we can have them in almost every shade of the rainbow, it is bound to become a general favorite. The flowers after being cut will invariably last from eight to ten days. In order to produce a crop of flowers during the winter tlie plants nuist have been dormant for four months previous to planting, which usually takes place in November and December. The best method to grow them is in a solid bench and not in pots. Start them at a fairlv cool temperature and on the dry side, that is, water Init sparingly until the first growth is through the ground: then gradually increase the heat and the supply of water. The first flowers usually appear towards the beginning of March and from that time on there is a con- stant succession until June. GLADIOLUS NANUS. The fairly small bull)s usually arrive from F.urope to- wards the latter part of October, and they can be treated 288 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. in several ways: 1. If tlie conservatory has a department which is entirely devoted to Carnations these Gladiolus may be planted between them ; they do not interfere in the growth of the Carnation and they like the tempera- ture in which the Carnation is produced. 2. They may be potted or planted in flats and stored away in cold frames or protected pits until February and March and then brought under glass and gently forced. By the above two treatments they usually begin to flower about the latter part of April and are at their best in May. 3. They may be planted out into the cold frame and treated like Anemones and then the flowers are produced in June. Among the newer introductions there are some splen- didly colored sorts, particularly in shades of lavender and pink. Gladiolus Colvilli. which is usually classed among these, requires the exact same treatment. L.-\RGE FLOW^ERED GLADIOLUS. In connection with this culture, three points must be religiously observed: 1. That the bulb to be used is of proper age, namely, that it has flowered at least two years previously under regular field culture and conse- quently is a fully matured and very large bulb of its kind. 2. That the bulb is thoroughly cured. This one point seems to have been more responsible for failures in the past than any other thing. Also the culture calls for planting in January. A Gladiolus bulb requires positively a rest of three months before it can be regrown for an- other crop of flowers ; that would mean that the bulb has to be harvested not later than the end of September. Only bulbs that were planted in April, with the exception of a few quick flowering varieties, as, for instance, "Pink Beauty" and similar kinds are ready for lifting at that time. Even then the curing of the bulbs must be far more thorough than it usually is if the bulbs are stored for spring planting it may require the spreading of the bulbs on floors of storage rooms and artificial heat used to thoroughly dry them. 3. That only such varieties are used which are early bloomers, and which are known by past experience to flourish under this culture. The following varieties may be recommended : "Ameri- ca," "Panama," "Pink Beauty," "Mrs. Frank Pendleton, Jr.," "Mrs. Francis King," "ilalley," ".\ugusta," "May," "Peace," "Chicago White," "Brenchleyensis," "Princeps," "Governor Hanley," "Niagara." In under-glass culture the Gladiolus requires a cool temperature, and commercial growers usually grow them for economy's sake between Carnations, for the temperature which suits the Carnation also suits the Gladiolus. GLORIOS.\. Gloriosa is popularly known as the Climbing Lily of South Africa. In the conservatory it can be put to several uses : 1. To use as a climber over doorways or for a gen- eral greenhouse vine. 2. As a pot plant. The culture is the same in each case. The bulbs are dormant during late fall and are best procured at that time. When re- ceived place them on dry moss on the bench of the con- servatory and watch for the white growth on one end of the bulb. Just as soon as this growth progresses it is time to plant them. If grown either in pots or for a vine several should be planted, properly spaced, as a single bulb produces a very lonesome effect. Cover the bulbs not more than one inch and grow in a warm house. Growth is very rapid and the slender stalks must be tied to some support. The flowers appear, as a rule, within two months after planting and many of them are produced on a single stem. LILIU.M n.vRKisn. The bulbs of these Lilies usually arrive early in August and should be promptly planted. Try and secure the largest possible bulb, for the larger the bulb, the surer your success. Fill the pot but half full with soil and set your bulb upon it, allowing no part of the top of the bulb to protrude. The top of the bulb should not be above the rim of the pot. The bulb must fit fairly snug in the pot. After potting, place the pot in a frame without the sash and cover lightly with straw ; water carefully and regu- larly every day. It will take from four to five weeks for the bulb to make roots, but they make two sets of roots. In addition to the roots below the bulbs, they produce a set above the crown of the bulb and at the base of the main stalk ; when these upper roots have progressed to two or three inches it is time to give the plant a larger pot, but great care must be taken not to disturb the roots below. In the conservatory they should be grown fairly cool until you can feel the buds by touching the upper part. It is well now and then to dust sulphur between the leaves to keep the plants in healthy, clean condition. Watering must be religiously observed, but never must it be over- done, for too much water is just as injurious as not enough. When the buds can be felt they can be given more heat. A great deal depends upon when they are wanted in bloom. If they are desired for Easter, grow them steadilv up to the time when the buds are almost fully developed. From now on they can either be retarded for a month by placing them in a rather cool and shady place or they can be forced to full bloom in a few weeks by increasing heat and light and water. A feeding with liquid sheep manure at regular intervals will improve foliage and flowers. LILIUM LONGIFLORUM GIG.'VNTEUM. The bulbs arrive late in October and should be potted in the manner suggested for Lilium Harrisii. but must at once be placed in the conservatory under the bench. Being started so late they require more heat from the beginning, but otherwise they respond to all treatments as suggested for the Bermuda Lily. LILIUM CANDIDUM. Insist upon receiving bulbs grown in the northern part of France, for they are the only quality which should be used for growing under glass. These bulbs arrive earlv in September and should promptly be potted, using Azalea pots and planting from four to six bulbs in the proper size pot. The pots are then plunged in the cold frame and when freezing w^eather sets in, they are covered with leaves and the sash. About January 15 they are taken to the con- servatory, where thev are gradually but gently forced. It is not always possible to regulate their blooming season for Easter, but even if they flower later, they are welcome. LILIUM MVRIOPIIYLLUM. The bulbs can be procured in early fall and if treated like Lilium Giganteum, but forced only in cool houses, they produce splendid flowers. LILIUM SPECIOSUM. All the sorts of this class can readily be grown under glass for flowering in June. The bulbs arrive in November and after being potted they are best stored for a couple of months in cold frames, where they must be well protected from frost by sashes and leaves. Heat must be gradual and gentle at fir?t. — From Growing' Bulbs. Some of Our Popular Ornamental Hedges The (leinand in lu-dj^e plants in this country is more for those of an ornamental character than for those used for defense, as in Europe, where the wonderftil hedges of hawthorn excite the admiration of travelers year after year, writes a contriiiutor to The Florists' Re-i-ir:c. Honey locust, osage orange and cockspur thorn are the leading defensive hedge plants here, but none of them makes a first-class hedge, and all are more for agrictiltural than horticultural use. We have, however, a good variety of ornamental hedge ])lants, both deciduous and evergreen. A neat hedge gives a finishetl and more attractive appearance Courtesy of Florist Reviczv. ALTH.\E.AS MAKES AX EFFECTR'E LATE .SU.MMER FLOWERIXG HEDGE. to any place, and the seclusion thus furnished adds to the charm of a garden. In this connection, it may be said that there is room for many times the number of hedges now to be seen. It is not good policy to plant the same type of hedge lor all purposes. This only intensifies the monotony that is already too ap])arent in American gardens. It is sometitnes better to sug- gest hedges which are a little out of the ordinary, which will give an air of distinction to the grounds of the owners using them. While many people prefer hedges clijiped square, a somewhat rounded top is to be recommended. The latter is ordinarily as handsome as the sqtiare top, and has the added advantage of shedding snow much better. Foremost among deciduous hedge plants come the ligustrums, or pivet. The one most in demand is the California privet, L. ovalifolium. This is quick grow- ing and makes a thick and handsome hedge in a short time. It cannot be used, however, in the colder states, where minimums of 5 to 20 degrees below zero are re- corded, for under such conditions it will be cut down to the ground in winter. A mtich hardier and more satisfactory variety, one which will withstand tem- peratures of 25 to 30 degrees below zero, is L. Ibota, the Japanese privet. L. Amurense, the Amoor River privet, is also quite hardy. As a general rule, plants eighteen to twenty-four inches high are the best for hedges. A zigzag row makes the thickest, densest hedge. Set the plants in a tlouble row twelve inches apart. Privet hedges should be cut down quite hard the first year or two. This insures a thick bottom. The prunmg should be done in spring, not in fall. Two clippings should be given during the growing season, one in June, the other in early August. Fall planting of privet is not recommended in the more northerly states. lierberis Thunbergii, the Japanese barberry, makes a splendid hedge, one which is defensive in character as well as ornamental. It succeeds equally well if ])lanted in either fall or spring. It may be trimmed into a fcirmal hedge, like the privets, or allowed to grow naturally. Of course, the latter plan is the more I>leasing where space will allow. If a thick, trimmed liedge is wanted, set the plants a foot apart ; if natural growth is to be allowed, double that space. When the hedge is untrimmed, the fruits, which remain fresh all winter, give it an added charm. The althaeas,, or roses of Sharon, are excellent for hedging purposes in case an -effective late floral dis- play is desired. Plants twenty-four to thirty-six inches high should be planted twentj-four inches a])art. They recpiire heading back Ayell each fall tol keep them within liounds, but must not be cut"iirsum-i Courtesy of Florist Review.'^ * AMERICAN ARROUVITAE IS A I'OPUL.SR EVKRC.KEEN IIEDGE. mer. The althieas suffer when the thermometer de- scends to 10 degrees below zero in winter. The crat:egus, or hawthorn, makes a wonderful hedge in England, where thousands of miles of it are to be seen. C. Oxyacantha is the kind best adapted for hedging. Plants twenty-four to thirty-six inches high 290 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. should be planted a foot apart for a close hedge, and the plants must be headed down to ten inches to insure a dense bottom. Unforttmately, hawthorns in Amer- ica have many foes, such as borers, leaf-miners, scale, red spider, aphis, etc., and some bad fungoid affections. For this reason they will never become popular. Deutzia Lemoinei makes a splendid hedge plant. Set out twenty-four inches aj^art and allowed to grow nattirally, it soon makes a dense hedge and in May or early June, according to latitude, will each year be a mass of white flowers. D. gracilis also makes a fin° hedge plant. It does not, of course, produce an imme- diate eft'ect, as in the case of privets. A few other deciduous ]:)lants which can be used for hedging purposes are : Hydrangea paniculata grandi- flora ; this, of course, needs heading back well each winter ; it makes a grand floral display in late summer. Fagus sylvatica, European beech, is useful if a tall hedge is desired. Rosa rugosa is also a strong grower, but it is not adapted to small grounds. Syringa vid- Coitrtcsy of Florist Rcriczv. BERBERIS THUNBERGI MAKES A SPLENDID HEDGE. garis, lilac, makes a satisfactory hedge. Acacia, or honey locust, is good as a defensive hedge. Rhamnus cathartica, buckthorn, is good where a tall, strong- hedge is desired. Philadelphus Lemoinei. the new French hybrid, is more moderate growing than the old P. coronarius and makes a splendid natural hedge, flowering profusely while small. These do not at all exhaust the l.)est of desirable hedge plants of a deciduous character. Various spiraeas, viburnums, carpinus, stephanandras and others are available. Coming to evergreens, we find the list a much more restricted one. Probably the variety most in use is Thuya occidentalis, American arborvitae. This makes a neat hedge, is hardy, withstands dry conditions well and is a quick grower. Objections to its use are that it turns a brownish color in winter, and no matter how well headed in it may be, it is thrown out of shape to seme degree by heavy snows. Picea excelsa, Norway spruce, makes a splendid thick hedge, one which can be closely cropped an- nually. I have seen hedges of this spruce in New England ten feet high and as much across, which are perfect pictures, grand windbreaks and afford shelter and nesting places for hundreds of birds. Set the Norway spruces twenty-four to thirty-six inches apart, according to size. Tsuga Canadensis, or hemlock, when ])laced in a suitable position, one not too dry or windswept, makes easily the finest of all evergreen hedges, coming the nearest to the English yew of any of our North Ameri- can evergreens. It suffers from dryness at the root more than other evergfreens, but when it is given suf- ficient moisture, we have no evergreen equal to it. It lasts longer than Xorway spruce or arborvitfe. A few C)ther available hedge plants are ; Buxus sem- [)ervirens, boxwood : useful as a bordering for flower beds, etc. Juniperus \'irginica, common red cedar; I have seen excellent hedges made of this plant. Re- tinospora pUnnosa. Japanese cypress; this and its golden sport, aurea, make neat hedg^es. Euonymus Japonicus and E. Sieboldiantis r these have handsome, dark green, shiny leaves, are erect in habit and make splendid hedges. Taxus cuspidata T>revifolia, yew, and Taxus baccata, English yew ; the last named succeeds moderately well near Philadelphia and at ])oints south, but is not hardy farther north. To make a success of hedges, the ground should be |)re])ared in advance and turned over to a depth of two feet, deeper if possible, and two or three feet wide. Incorporate some thoroughly decayed manure with the soil. Be sure not to use any fresh manure. If planting cannot be done tmtil spring, it is a great help to prepare the groimd in the fall. Generally speaking, evergreens succeed better if planted in spring than in fall, but most deciduous plants do as well or better if planted in the fall, provided the work is not done too late and care is taken to firm the roots thoroughly. In the case of evergreens, it is especially necessary to keep the roots moist, not only at planting time, but through the season. Dryness at the root is account- able for more dead evergreens than winter's cold. Therefore, in the fall, when there is any likelihood of evergreens having dry roots, soak them thoroughly before the ground becomes sealed by frost. WOOD ASHES MAY FURNISH SOURCE OF POTASH. If the European war should cause our large annual imports of potash to dwindle, mauA- farmers will look to wood ashes among other substances to replenish the potash supply. Wood ashes are now a factor in Canada, besing considered a regular commercial commodity, and the large lumber mills and other plants using wood or sawdust for fuel in this countr)- which at present make no use of the ashes from their furnaces or waste piles may find it profitable to store and sell them if the de- n^and warrant it. Besides the potash, ashes contain other ingredients which are of value to plants : namely, about 1 or 2 per cent, of phosphoric acid, a little magnesia and a great deal of lime. Ashes from hardwoods (deciduous trees) are richer in both phosphorus and potash than those from pines and other softwoods (conifers). Ashes from oak, elm, maple and hickory have more potash than those from pine. The ashes of twigs ( faggots, for example) are worth more for agricultural purposes than the ashes of heart-wood taken from the middle of an old tree. The smaller and ^-nungcr the vcond burned the better ashes. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 291 FORCING GERMAN POTGROWN LILACS. Uv Joii.x T. SciiEErEus. In order to successfully force German potgrown Lilacs, and the German should be recommended before all other, it is necessary to know, that the various varieties require different treatment. To a large extent failure or un- satisfactory result can be traced to wrongful treatment and unsatisfactory choice of varieties for a certain pur- pose. Quite frequently the first mistake is made in packing the plants ; note the buds upon arrival and how the plants were packed ; if too much material was used it is probable that the buds were smothered ; there is no necessity for the use of great quantities of packing material, only the potball has to be [protected against too severe changes in temperature. Of all the many varieties for forcing there are only a very few that can be satisfactorily forced early, unless "retarded" plants are used. For earliest forcing the following are most satisfactory : Marie Legraye, single white ; Charles X., single lilac ; Hermann Filers, single, rose with lilac; and Casimir Perier, double white; Marie Legrave is the best one nf the lot. I'or earliest forcing, allow the pots to get thoroughly frozen for from eight to 14 days, if necessary using the cold storage for this purpose ; thereafter the plants must be slowly forced, at a temperature nf abuut 77 degrees; give no more water than the plant can absorb but pro- duce sufficient moisture through spraying, repeatedly done. .\s soon as the young sprouts are from 2 to 3 centimeters long (about one inch) raise the temperature to from 82-86 degrees, to reduce it again li\ about nine degrees by the time the plants commence to blossom. In that way the buds open slower and the flowers be- come larger; when in full bloom, take the plants into a liouse with a temperature of from .^7 to 59 degrees, to harden them off. The double varieties, with the exception of Madame Casimir Perier, should not be used for early forcing ; for later forcing all existing varieties may be used ; for such forcing an average temperature of from 64 to 68 degrees will be sufficient; for such forcing the plants will take from five to six weeks to blossom, but they will produce much more beautiful flowers. For late forcing a very light and air_\- house should be used. In forcing the following points should be luost par- ticularly observed ; 1. The entire plants should have sufficient room, in order that they may develop themselves evenly. 2. The plants should not be w-atered more than the plants need ; the results due to overwatering are poor roots, resulting in unsatisfactory formation of flowers and inferior coloring. 3. If special fine spikes arc wanted, the blossombuds on each branch should be broken off, excepting the two strongest buds. 4. In case of foliage coming too strong, the young foliage should be early removed. .5. The colored varieties shoukl be forced slowly, cool and with plentv of light, resulting in purer and more pronounced -~ha(les. Retarded Lilacs can be forced at any time ; the first eii,dit days they should be kept in half shade, later airy and light ; treated in that manner it takes in summer from 3 to 4 weeks to bring them in full bloom ; should they be wanted for Christmas flowering, they should be started at the latest the first of November, proper development bein"' much slower at that time of the vear. THE VALUE OF TREES. Trees being so inili-ijcnsalde to human welfare and comfort, it seems incredible that they should ever be allowed to suffer from neglect or that their wholesale destruction should be permitted. The man who plants a tree is a public benefactor, but he who protects and cares for trees already planted is no less deserving of liraise and gratitude. Every lover of trees should strive to create and foster public sentnuent in the conuuunity in favor of tree plant- ing and tree protection. Each town should liave an or- ganization devoted to arboriculture. In some states there are already such \(y«\\ organizations and the good results obtained are potent arguments in favor of a general adoption of the plan. The care of trees is not a matter of sentiment alone, but of dollars and cents as well. Did you ever stop to- compute the value of a single full-grown tree? If it were destroyed tomorrow you could not replace it in your life- time. It rejire-ents a century or more of growth. Per- haps it was planted by your forefathers, or perchance it was sp.ired by the original settlers when the land was cleared. Rcllecl on tliese facts and let the rellection prompt \ ou to tender, watchful care. Trees breathe the same as animals. They inhale o.xygen and exhale carbonic acid gas. The oxygen is taken in tlu-ough their leaves and through the minute openings in the b;irk. called lenticels. This process of breathing goes on in the tree day and night, but assimila- tion takes place onl)- in the daylight. Trees growing under favorable conditions frequently reach an age of several thousand years and attain enor- mous size. That the majority of trees die so young is in most cases due to the fact that thev are subjected to unfavorable conditions. .\s examples of what trees may do when soil climate and surroundings are at their best, a dragon tree in the Canary Islands is said to be over 0,000 years old and a bald Cyprus in Mexico over 4,000 years. An Englisii oak ami one of the redwood "big trees" in California are known to be over 2,000 years old. The eucalyptus in Australia attains a height of 470 feet and the redwood and douglass fir in California grow to a height of 300 feet or over. In the Eastern States it is not unconr.iion to see a sycamore or a tulip tree 150 feet high. Of course, the age and size of trees de]5ends mucii u])on the variety. .Some kinds of trees like poplars, willows and birches are comjjaratively short-lived, while oaks, white pines and the sycamore are naturalh- long-lived. All varieties of trees may have their lives greatly pro- longed by proper care and those wdiich seem doomed to death because of neglect may, in many cases, be restored to health and \igor by intelligent treatment. The re- moval of all dead or diseased wood, careful pruning, the filling of inuik wounds wilh concrete, chaining or bolting to prevent the splitting of crotches, and the destruction of the insects that jirey upon the foliage or infest the bark are the )uain featiu-es of the work of renovating trees. — Tree Talk. AUTOMOBILES MAINTAIN RHODE ISLAND ROADS. Tliis ycai- ll)i' iiiiitiir vcliick' ICrs, est imatcil at .*l.jO.I)(IO. foiii- prisc tlie n?ily fluids rpcoivi'd hy tlu' State of Kliodp Island for rrr.d work. Tlie State system coniprises 2.3"). 77 miles of water bound miieadain and SS.fifl miles of liitiimiiions macadam, a total of .32-1.42 miles. .Ml of tie water liouiul macadaiii liave, liowevef, been treated tliis year wilh asjdialtie oil applied nnder pressure. The fact that Ttliode Uland is maintaining,' its state roads solely by means of fees from aiif omobilists is another striUing ex- ample of tlic important part wliieli this great class of road users. is takinfr in the r'n.l nio\ctnent. 292 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. SNAPDRAGON RUST. During the summer of 1913 the attention of the floriculture department of the University of Illinois was first called to a rust on antirrhinum growing in the region north of Chicago, says a report on "The Rust on Antirrhinum," by Chas. C. Rees, Floricultural Pathologist, Argiculture Experiment Station, Univer- sity of Illinois, Urbana, 111. This rust, although it was thought at the time to be of little or no economic im- portance, has since, by virtue of its having spread into two other states, affecting seriously the snapdragon crops of a considerable number of growers, come to be regarded as a serious pest. Prior to the summer of 1913, the rust had Iseen re- ported but from two western coast states, California and Oregon. In 1895 it was determined as a new species by Holway, an American botanist, and named Puccinia antirrhini (Diet, and Holw.). Then in September, 1914, the writer learned that the snapdragons growing on a .private estate in north- ern Ohio were suffering an attack of the disease. The report was substantiated by the receipt of a quantity of diseased material from that locality at the station only a few days ago. The disease is easily recognized and each grower of antirrhinum owes it to himself as well as to neighbor- ing growers to examine his plants and cuttings thor- oughly for any traces of infection. Within ten to thir- teen days after a plant has been exposed to the rust, numerous grayish white areas the size of a pin's head will appear on the under sides of the lower leaves. From three to five days later characteristic rusty, brown pustules begin to replace these spots. These pustules continue to increase in number until prac- tically every leaf of the plant is attacked. The stem also furnishes a foothold for the disease. At this stage the plant begins to wilt ; its period of usefulness has passed and in a short time it is dead. Cuttings have also proved themselves to be quite susceptible to attacks of the disease. Taken at a time when their vitality is at its lowest point, the cuttings fallan easy prey to the rust. The disease appears on the cuttings as it does on the older plants, grayish white spots appearing first, followed by the rusty brown pustules. However, where the cuttings are taken from diseased plants in the field, the pustules may show up on the upper leaves as soon as they do on the lower ones. The reason for this is obvious, as the disease was already established on the plants in the field from which the cuttings were taken. Owing to the fact that experimental work on the disease is just being commenced, the writer is unable at this time to advance any definite methods of con- trol. However, after studying this problem for the last six weeks and after having observed the infection in a number of localities, it would seem advisable to ■observe the following precautions : Examine carefully the cuttings and plants growing in the house. Pay particular attention to the lower leaves of the older plants, as the heavy moisture on these leaves makes conditions ideal for the germina- tion of rust spores. Remove at once and burn all plants showing the slightest signs of infection, keep- ing well in mind the description of the rust as given in this article. Diseased plants should be removed, roots and all, and burned with great care, as the spores ■will "fly" upon the slightest provocation, and in this ■way neighboring plants are infected. As heavy moisture on the leaves makes germina- tion easy for all rust spores, it would seem advisable to discontinue all overhead watering. Water only from below, and should the soil dry out too rapidly, mulch the bench well. Do not propagate from a plant showing the slightest signs of the rust or from a plant that has in any way been exposed to the disease. The selection of cuttings from diseased plants has already played too active a part in the spread of the infection. EXl'ERIKXCE WITH THE RUST. Referring to report on "The Rust on Antirrhinums," by Chas. C. Rees, Floricultural Pathologist, University of Illinois, Arthur Smith, Reading, Pa., submits the following experiences : "In the summer of 1913 I had a number of seedlings Antirrhinums growing in four-inch pots which were suddenly (apparently) attacked by a disease similar to that described in your article and which resulted in the majority of them dying. Although tliis was an en- tirely new exjjerience, I did not attach the importance to it which it no doubt deserved. "This year the same thing has happened. Init the re- sults have not been so destructive as the aflected plants were removed, but not, as subsequent events have shown, before other plants had been infected for, since they have been benched, the rust has appeared upon many of them. I am, however, sanguine enough to venture to believe that I have got the disease prac- tically under control by the following means : "All plants badly aft'ected. that is, with stems as well as leaves rusted, were turned out, the remainder had all diseased leaves removed and thoroughly sprayed with Fungine. The result is that the progress of the disease has practically been entirely stop])ed. Some plants have stems eighteen inches long with all leaves for six inches from the bottom destroyed, but the' stems and remaining leaves are perfectly healthy, and others that were attacked are sending up healthy new shoots. I began spraying three weeks ago and have since sprayed all antirrhinum, those which have never shown any sign of rust as well as the others, twice a week, at the same time refraining as much as possible from overhead watering. In this latter connection, however, it has appeared to me that in the case of plants in pots out of doors as well as in the ground in 1913, the disease spread faster during hot dry weather th.an it did after the moister cool weather of autumn. This was especially noticeable with regard to plants in the ground Avhich had had many of the lower leaves killed, but which recovered themselves and flowered well after rains in September. Strangely enough, this year not one plant from the same batch of seedlings planted in the ground has shown the slightest sign of rust. "The result of spraying has convinced me that the jjroper course to pursue for the future is to spray as a jireventative before the disease appears and to keep it up throughout the season." QUESTIONS SIMIL.XRITV OF DISEASES. Regarding Mr. Smith's communication, Chas. C. Rees writes : "I wish to say that if the diseased speci- mens of Antirrhinum which he sent to me are typical of his infection, then his plants are not suffering from an attack of the rust, Puccinia antirrhini. For this reason, I should say that his letter to you regarding control measures, etc., has no direct bearing on my article, as he is referring to a dift'erent disease of the Antirrhinum entirelv." Work for the Month of January By Henry Gibson There is little that can be done outdoors at this time of the year, save it may be the trimming of such of the forest trees about the place as may need it. All cuts made on limbs of three inches in diameter and over should be painted over. W hen left unpainted they form excellent means of access for fungous diseases, which only too readily find means of entrance to the trees. In localities where the weather conditions permit any plamiing and alterations that are deemed necessary may be carried out. Where manuring and digging of the vegetable garden has not been attended to, advantage should be taken of the first favorable oijportunity of having the manure wheeled or carted on tlie ground, in readiness for spring digging. Seed Sowing. Some of the 1915 catalogues are now out, and ere these notes appear many more will be in the mail, which is a gentle reminder that with the advent uf the Xew Year comes the time when definite plans for the year's garden must be formulated. It is never a difficult matter to form an approximate idea of the number of plants required for the summer bedding and the same remark applies to the quantity of seed required for the vegetable garden. Among the many seeds which can be advantageously started now are : Aquilegias Delphinums, Petunias, Verbenas, Thunbergia, Slrasta Daisy, Salvias, Sola- nums, Sweet \\'illiams, Heliotropes, browalias, aspara- gus. Begonias, in variety, Glormias, Tomatoes, Let- tuce, etc. Tuberous Begoni.\s. These begonias make useful subjects for conservatory decoration. A batch started up now will make fine plants by the end of April and on through May, when a dis- play of the different shades of white, yellow, pink and red, will attract attention when ones employer comes from the citv house to the country for the season. The tubers may either be started in the propagating bench, or the\- may be started in shallow flats on the bottom of which has been placed about two inches of sandy soil. On this plant the tubers close together and cover with just sufficient sifted loam to fill up the spaces between them. It is not even necessary to cover them if they are well shaded, for as they come into growth they should be potted into 3-inch pots. Bottom heat is an indis- pensable factor in starting tuberous begonias and if there is no room in the propagating bench place the flats on the hot water pipes. If kept fairly moist no trouble should be experienced in starting every one. Bedding Begoni.xs. Among the list of seeds that may be sown this month is mentioned Begonia Erfordi, and those who use this plant extensively as a bedding should not overlook sowing the seed early. As a bedding this liegonia is hard to surpass, its dense heavy growth is seldom affected by winds, it stands the dry heat of summer well, and flowers right through the season until cut down by the first heavy frost. Immediate effect is what is wanted when planting out, and by starting early first-class plants can be had in 4-inch' pots, by the end of May, with which small stock cannot compare, no matter how thickly planted. Sow the seeds carefully in well drained pans of light sandy compost, and keep the little plants moving in a tempera- ture of W degrees. They love heat and moisture, and a rich well-drained soil when potted. Propagating. From January onwards conditions are ideal for pro- pagating inu-]3oses. The fires are maintaining a steady heat in the sand, and in most cases there is plenty of ma- terial to propagate from. Therefore every inch of space in the propagating bench should be kept filled until one has worked up a stock of what is needed. Where roses are to be propagated it is of the utmost importance that the bench and the sand be perfectly clean and in condition to receive the cuttings. Cleanliness is essential at all times, but nowhere more so than in the bench intended for propagating roses. Nearly everyone who propagates roses has his own particular idea as to the nuiuber of eyes a cutting should have. Personally, we think that for ordinary purposes three is sufficient, cut just below and just as close above the eyes as can be done without injur- ing its vitality. When the cuttings are put into the sand care should be taken to point the leaves all one way and it will help considerably to prevent contracting some of the man}' diseases if the leaves are not allowed to touch the sand. There should be an air space between the leaves and the sand, and a good way of accomplishing this is to have small canes laid across so as to rest on the sides of the bench and the leaves allowed to rest on them. For beauty cuttings this device is especially valuable. Carnations. Stock in a healthy growing condition is sending up strong flower stems at the base of which is plenty of material for the propagatory bench. Keep it going, as with roses, a clean bench, a clean sand and clean cuttings are the foundations of success. A bottom heat of about 56 degrees and the top heat that of a carnation house temperature is what is needed. A carnation does not want to lie a long time in the sand before it begins to root, or you may look for a sickly plant. Although the propagat- ing is as important as anything, yet the care of the plant in the benches should not be overlooked. Carnations th^t have been flowering heavily right along will have ex- hausted the soil of its food supply, and feeding should be resorted to in order to keep the plants going. Well decomposed cow manure is a good fertilizer to use. Next comes horse and sheep manure. .A.void heavy doses of either ; frequent and light applications are best for the welfare of the plants. There will, however, be less danger of setting up a soft growth from an overdose of stimulants now that the longer and lighter days of the New Year are near than has been the case during the past two months. In the way of watering as the month ad- vances they will need a little more than they required during the short, dark days of the fall. Do not, however, have them soaking wet, as this condition will soon finish the best of plants. Geraniums. The potting of the geraniums that are needed for bedding out should be pushed ahead. We find it is al- wa\-s better to do this early so as to give the plants a long season of growth. Any that are now in two-inch pots can be moved to threes, and then later on they can be transferred from threes to fours. A good growing medium for geraniums is two-thirds turfy loam and one- third of thoroughly decomposed manure and a five-inch pot of bone meal to each barrow-load of soil. If, after potting, thev can be placed on a bench that has heating pipes beneath, so much the better as they enjoy a little warmth after a shift. A temperature of 65 degrees dur- ing the dav and 45 to 50 degrees at night is sufficient. 294 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. Gardenias. The propagation of these subjects is only successful where a high degree of heat combined with a close and congenial atmosphere can be maintained. A carefully attended propagation case comes nearest keeping the requirements. Cuttings recjuire a bottom heat of 7S to 85 degrees, and a top heat of 10 degrees lower. Keep the sand moist and spray over head every morning. Shade and keep close until rooted. When they are well rooted pot them up using a compost of half leaf mold, half turfy loam, and some sharp sand. As they become established stand them on the bench of a sunny house with a night temperature of 65 degrees. measurement, the circumference of the tidwers illus- trated, aas 13^''2 inches. The stems are half an inch thick. CELOSIA OR CHINESE "WOOL FLOWER." This new Celosia Childsi, or Chinese wool flower, thrives under the same conditions that suit the com- mon Cockscomb, and Celosia Plumosa. It is better to start the seed under glass about four weeks before the time for transplanting to the garden: If the little plants remain too long in pots they will begin to de- velop bloom, which may result in a stunted growth after they are planted out. Set plants no nearer than 2x3 feet ; at this distance they will cover the space completely and make a solid mass of color. The type is remarkably true and uniform, but it will mix with CELOSIA CHILDSI. Celosia Plumoja if grown near and the seed from such mixture will produce an inferior plant. The seed was sert to John Lewis Childs from China four years ago. He has grown it for three seasons and has found it is as easy to cultivate in the garden as any of the Celosias. The blooms begin to develop in July, and continue to increase in size and numbers until killed by the frost ; none of the blossoms fade until injured by cold weather. It grows about two feet high, branches freely : each plant shows twenty or more main heads of bloom, but every stem is full of laterals showing small bloom. It is a very shy seeder, some plants producing no seed at all, and others only a dozen or two. It is said to be one of the best and most showy all-round annual in cultivation. The color of the flower head is rich crimson, and the A NEW SEEDLING EREMURUS. I!v W. II. Waite. The hybridist has been at work, and that he has been successful is easily seen. There are several hybrids al- ready offered, e. g.. Sir Michael, Shelford, Tubergeni Wallacei, and W'aree. W'allacei is probablv the best of all. These noble plants should l)e more widely planted than they are, and good strong roots should be pro- cured, as the results from small and cheap roots will be slow and disappointing. As soon as the hybrids become more widely known, they will be more in de- mand than the species, for they are more beautiful, more robust, and freer flowering. They also increase more rapidly, and thrive under conditions which are too tr3-ing for the earlier flowering varieties. That they are perfectly hardy and can stand severe weather is borne out by the fact that one of the finest groups I have seen of these plants in this country was at Lake Forest, 111., where the thermnmeter fre- Cjuently goes down below zero. CULTURAL NOTES ON ERICAS. Ericas are as simpile to grow as a geranium. They are a cool house subject in the winter months. I find a temperature of 45 minimum and 55 maximum ideal. The temperature of 55 is not so dangerous when the flowering commences. They are mostly all winter flowering. The most common variety in greenhouses is the variety Melanthera, which flowers at Christ- mas. This is a rapid grower. I found President Carnot a splendid variety for decorative work. As a house plant, it lasts w-ell. It has long, tubular pink flowers. Other floriferous sorts are Persoluta Alba, Cavendishii and Wilmoriana. Ericas are becoming favorites for Christmas and Easter. After flowering is over by April, the spent flower should be trimmed oft', the tips of growing shoots cut back and the plant kept in good shape. Any repotting should be done then. They generally improve with a shift from a 5-inch to a 6-inch pcit. One pot larger is sufficient in all cases. Clean pots and good drainage are points not to be left out with hardwooded plants. The soil should be fine, to pack in firmly. Use loam and peat, e(|ual parts, sand and fine charcoal. Pot very firm. If plunged in ashes in the bench in the winter, it will protect the roots from being burned out. They are very fine and active next the pot. At the end of May remove the plants into a sunny aspect, not a half- shaded place. The summer treatment determines whether or not you will have flowers in winter. Plunge the pots to the rim in ashes in a place you are likely to come in contact with every day, as a weekly visit to these subjects is not sufficient. Attend to the supply of water for each pot as it dries out. A frequent spra3nng from a syringe or hose will keep them in good shape. Allow the plants to stand out until the middle of October, or probably later. Cover them over on nights when a frost maj- come down suddenly. Do this rather than take them into the greenhouse too early. In the fall they should be introduced into a very cool position. After Christmas give the plant more heat and pull out the flowers. — Canadian Florist. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 295 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. Published by THE CHRONICLE PRESS, Inc. Office of Publicati'in 286 FIFTH AVE., NEW YORK. MARTIN C. EBLL. Managing Editor EDITORIAL OFFICES— MADISON, N. J. Subscripticm Price, 12 Months, $1.50 :: :: :: Foreign, $2.00 Entered as second chiss matter Xov. 3, 1914, at tlie l^ost Office at New Vork, i\. v., under the .^ct of March i, 1879. Published on the ISth of each month. Advertising forms close on the 10th preceding publication. For advertising rates apply to Robert F. MacCIelland, 286 Fifth Ave., New Vork, N. Y. All editorial matter should be addressed to M. C, Ebel, Editor, Madison, N, J. OFFICIAL ORGAN OF NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF GARDENERS President, WM. H. WAITE. Yonkers, N. Y. Vice-President, T. W. EVERETT, Glen Cove, N. Y. Treasurer, JAMES STUART, Mamaroneck, N. Y. Secretary, MARTIN C. EBEL, Madison. N. J. TRUSTEES FOR 1914. Peter Duff, Orange, N. J.; William Kleinheinz, Ogontz, Pa. ; William Duckham, Madison, N. J.; Alexander Mackenzie, Highland Falls, N. Y. ; John H. Dodds, Wyncote, Pa. DIRECTORS. To serve until 1915 — John Shore, Harrison, N. Y. ; Thomas Procter, Lenox, Mass. ; William N. Craig, Brookline. Mass. ; Frank E. Witney, FishkiU, N. Y. ; Robert Williamson, Greenwich. Conn.; F. Kirk, Bar Harbor, Me.; James Bell, New York, N. Y. To serve until 1916 — Thomas W. Logan, Jenkintown, Pa.; John F. Huss, Hartford, Conn. ; Jas. MacMachan, Tuxedo Park, N. Y. ; A. Bauer, Deal Beach, N. J. ; John W. Jones, Pittsburgh, Pa. ; Alexander McPherson, Washington, D. C. ; James C. Shield, Monticello, 111. To serve until 1917 — A. J. Smith, Lake Geneva, Wis.; Theodore Wirth, Minneapolis, Minn.; Wm. Iletrick, San Gabriel, Cal. ; Robert Angus, Tarrytown, N. Y.; Robert Bottomley, New Canaan, Conn. ; Alex. Eraser, Newport, R. I.; Arthur Smith, Reading, Pa. AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PARK SUPERINTENDENTS President, Secretary-Treasurer, GUSTAVE H. AMRHYN, ROLAND W. COTTERILL. New Haven, Conn. Seattle, Wash. Vice-Presidents, JOHN McLAREN. CARL W. FOHN. JOHN HENDERSON, San Francisco, Cal. Colorado Springs, Colo. Montreal, Canada. HERMAN MERKEL. CHARLES HAIBLE, T. H. PROST. New York, N. Y. Newburgh, N. Y. Chicago, 111. Vol. XVIII. DECEMBER, 1914. No. S. Mankind is ready to acclaim Amen to the }'ear almut to pass into history, which has witnessed the beginning' of the most unhumanitarian conflict for supremacy in the annals of the world's existence, the outcome of which, and its consefjuent disastrous results tn the European nations, no one can foretell, thouL;h no one will contradict that it could not be worse. In our own glorious country we have been sufTerers from political misdeeds and an economic strife, but yet we have much to be thankful for. We have at times within the year been confronted with critical situa- tions which threatened warfare, but conservatism has enabled us to extricate ourselves from these complica- tions and to maintain our peace. As the new- year approaches a wave of optimism over our immediate future outlook is casting pessimistic sentiment aside, and prosperitv again looms up for our \ast industrial enterprises. While our sympathies go out to our lui- ropean brethren, with our wishes that peace for their countries is not far distant in the new year, we extend the season's greetings to our readers with a confidence that a general prosperity will overtake our nation dur- insj the vear 1915. "Freely you have received, freely give."' The demands upon our people to aid in relieving humanitx's suffer- ings caused by the European warfare have been great, and have been liberally responded to. But to take the bread from one to aid another is not charitable, nor is it right. The press is exploiting the doings of our wealthy classes in behalf of European charity, and much undescr\ed ])ul>licity is gained by some. We have an instance in mind where a wealthy estate owner has cut the wage of his laborers one-third liecause, as he says, the demands on him to aid the distress in Europe is such that he must reduce his ex])ense else- where, lie has been credited as a liberal contributor to several funds, but is it his money which he donates to this charity? A part, at least, is that of his working class which has become a suft'erer as a cause of his lib- erality in another direction through withholding what they are rightfully entitled to for their hire. His offense is aggravated by the fact that his resources ha\e not been aft'ected by the war, but are being added to through his business enterprises, which are directly benefited by the demands of war. To such men we say — let your charity begin at home. CO-OPERATION. There is nothing new or untried in the broad prin- ciple of co-operation. In the last anah'sis, co-opera- tion is only another name for civilization. As John Stuart Mill has said: "Almost all the advantages which man possesses above the inferior animals, arise from his power of acting in combination with his fel- lows, and (jf accomplishing by the united eft'orts of numbers what could not be accomplished by the de- tached efforts of individuals." From the dawn of his- tory, men have co-o])erated to secure the benefits of safety, progress and justice, and have called that co- operation Government. The}- have united to produce the manifold necessities and luxuries of life and have called that co-operation Industry, They have talked together of the eternal mysteries, they have gathered together to worship the Supreme Being, and their name for this sacred co-operation is Religion. The greatest and most lasting undertakings of the human f.niiily have come in accordance with the Biblical in- junctions, "Bear ye one another's burdens." "Ye are members one of another." What has been accomidished through co-operation in other fields can be accomplished through co-opera- ti(.in in the field of agricultural reform. All that is needed is the intelligence to perceive the benefits to be derived, and the determination to secure these benefits. Our fields are fertile, our people are the peers of any in intelligence and industry. And there is no better cause in which to struggle than the cause which has for its end the easing of the burdens which press upon the heavy laden. And those who are engaged in the good fight, who are dedicating their eft'orts to co- operation as the surest and wisest medium of eco- nomic progress, may well take for their motto the in- spiring words of Edward Everitt Hale: "Look up and not down, look out and not in, look forward and not back — and lend a hand." — Go?-. Glynn, Xci.' York. 296 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF GARDENERS W. H. WAITE, President, Yonkers, N. Y. OFFICIAL COMMUNICATIONS M. C. EBEL, Secretary, Madison, N. J. The annual convention of the National Association of Gardeners was held at Horticultural Hall, Phila- delphia, on Wednesday, December 9, 1914. There was a good attendance of the membership, including gar- deners and superintendents of large estates from dif- ferent sections of the country. The session opened with a business meeting at 2 :40 o'clock p.m., when, following the reading of reports and the election of officers for the new year, an ad- dress was delivered and a paper read upon interesting topics, and an entertaining and instructive illustrated lecture given on roses. President W. H. Waite, of Yonkers, N. Y., presided. J. Otto Thilow, of Philailelphia, in welcoming the visitors said : I am very miic?h pleased to be delegated to welcome, on this occasion, a body not of tradesmen or meclianics. bnt of artists, of men who are the heads of the profession. Gentlemen, you represent a, business Avhich is one of tlie most l}eautiful, one which beautiries our homes, our cities and our laud. rhilad(d|iliia has a natural right to receive you cordially because it is the lead- ing horticultural city of this country. The first Botanic Garden is situated here, and the first essay on botan.y was written by John Bartram, of Philadelphia. We may not have the largest public park in the world, but we have 3.920 acres of parks in Philadelphia. In gardens we have some of the best private show places in the country. We are glad to have witliin our circle this afternoon men who are the leaders in horticulture and the managers of gardens which have always been known as ex- emplars among private places in this country. I take special pleasure in welcoming the memliers of the National Gardeners' Association to Philadelphia bccavise tlierc is always so much here to be seen and appreciated by men directly interested in horticulture. It is my privilege, on behalf of those of your members who reside here and on behalf of the City of Brotherly Love, to bid you a hearty welcome and to assure you of the utmost freedom so tliat you may go about witliout re- straint in acquiring information and go home refreslieil in that vocation in which you take such great interest. I delight always in mingling with my brother florists, having been one of them all my life, because they are men of brawn and brain, men who take delight in their business. We have been told that if a man has no enthusiasm or love for his voca- tion his life will be a failure, and so will be his business. But we are glad to realize that that does not apply to us. The men who are employed directly in this vocation, even those who are in it indirectly, arc men who have taken great enjoyment in it and wlio have been a blessing to ns. I will not burden you with any more words, but will place you at once in the hands of your President, who is hei'e. The emblem of his authority is the gavel, and you have always re- spected it as such. I take pleasure in [jrescnting to the society today, tlirougii its President, a gavel which lias a history. (The speaker here presented the gift.) The stem of this Ravel is from the cedars of Lebanon that were brought to this country from Mt. Lebanon by a U. S. naval officer, K. B. !Moody. in 1877. Tlie piece of bronze in the end of the gavel (and which very often perhaps will be used to command yoiu- attention later) is a relic of ti.e steamship Maine, wliich was destroyed in Havana Harbor, prior to the Spanish-American w-ar. Now, as the material of this gavel was taken from those cedars of Lebanon, those trees which were felled by King Hiram for that wonderful temple and were transported overland from Joppa and became the support of that temple, so may the mem- bers of this association be the steady supporters of their Presi- dent and of those who shall lead them hereafter in the mainte- nance of an organization which, in years to come, will be such that our laml will be made beautiful by it. And when tlie sound of this navel is heard, remember that the loyal men who went down in the Maine, from a cause we know not of, were faithful to their business; and so may you continue to be devoted to your profession, one which you appreciate and love and one which we all honor. !Mr. President, I place this gavel in your hands and leave it in charge of the association. (Applause.) 1'1;KS11)1-,XJ waite expressed liis appreciation of the gift and the thanks of the association to the donor. Ml!. TUILOW here added that he had forgotten to mention the iniportant fact tliat the gavel was a present from (Jeo. W. Hess, superintendent of the Botanical Gardens at Washington, D. C. He thought it was entitled to additional respect as coming from the head of the chief institution in this country of the profes- sion wliich the gardeners foUciwed. (Applause.) Subseipiently the tlianks of the association were voted to Mr. Hess for his beautiful gift; whereupon that gentleman came for- ward and flowed his acknowledgments. Koutinc liusiness was then proceeded with. Tlie rriiiiutes of the last preceding annual meeting were read by Secrctaiy M. C. Kliel, of Madison, N. .J., and, on motion, duly seconded, were apjiroved as read. The minutes of the Executive Board meeting, in Boston, on August 14, 1914, were read and, on motion, duly seconded, ap- proved. SECRETARY EBEL then rea.l the annual report and financial statement of tlie Secretary, wliiili fnUows. SECRETAltY'S HEPORT. The pi-ist !/fiir lut.s hccii an a-fiif-e our irithin the Xaiional Asso- ciation of (iarilcncrs. In pursuance icilh the By-Laws tlie folloirs directors tcere ap- pointed by President M'aite on January 1, WIJ/. to serve for- three years: A. J. Smith, Lake Geneva. Wis.; Theodore Wirtli, Minne- api'oiis, Minn.; WiUiani Hertriek, Han Gahriel. ('ah; Robert liottomley, ,Yc»- Canaan. Conn.; Robert Angus, Tarrytown, N. Y. ; Alexander Fraser, Newport, R. /.; .Arthur Smith, Rcadiny, Pa. To serve for two years to fill the uncj-pind term of John W. Everett, elected vice-president, James Maciluehan, Tuexdo Park N. Y. The first mectin;; of the Executive Board for the year was held on Thursday, January .\ lOI'i, in tlie .Murray Hill Hotel, N0w York City. The subject of a closer co-operation between the National Asso- ciation of Gardeners and the various local horticultural and garden societies was brought before this meeting, and your secretary mas in.^truetcd to write to the different horticultural societies suggest- ing co-operation between the national association and the local societies in the interest of developing horticulture and advancing the profession of gardening in this country. It was decided at this meeting to strictly enforce the clause of the By-Laws calling for the suspension of members in arrears of dues for more than tivo years. The spring meeting of the Executive Board was held in Horti- cultural Hall. Philadelphia. Pa., on Tuesday, April 7, 191'i. 'J'he revised By-Lavs of the .Association submitted by the By- Laws Committee, composed of John IT'. Evcritt. M. C. Ebel and Joint F. Johnston, appointed at the 1913 convention, were approved by the Erceulive Board, and ordered printed in book form to be distributed among the members. At this meeting the following resolution was adopted: "The response to the commumeation on co-operation recently addressed to the local horticultural societies by the National Asso- ciation of Gardeners has been so favorable it is the sense of the members of the Executive Board present that definite action should be taken to inaugurate the co-operative movement between the national association and the various local horticultural societies irho may desire to unite with it to advance the interest of horti- culture and the profession of gardening. "Therefore, be it resolved. That the secretary be instructed to address the various local societies, inviting those interested in our endeavor to appoint committees of three to be known as the Co- operatire Committee of the local society of which they are ap- pointed. TheJic committees will act with the Co-operative Com- mittee of the National Association of Gardeners, to be composed of the president, vice-president, treasurer and scr-rctary of the National .•{.ssociation. and to be known as the National Co-oper- ative Committee. "The National Committee shall inform itself, through the local eo-operatire committee, of the workings and doings of the different local organi-zations, and gather such information as may be of interest and value to local horticultural bodies in their operations, and shall disseminate such infeyrmation as it may acf/uire among the societies co-ope^rating with it. Through such an interchange of views and experiences the successful efforts of local soccities, in their various undertakings, will be imparted to sister societies, by THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 297 which thill (till biiKfit. iiiiil tliiir st-opc 1, J. C. Chester, appropriation to Secretar3''s as- sistant 12..50 1, j\l. C. Ebel, Secretary, postage and sundries.... 18.01 Sept. 23, Douglas A. Brown, stenographer, report summer meeting, 1914 15.00 " 23, Madison Eagle, printing 17.50 Oct. I, J. C. Chester, appropriation to Secretary's as- sistant .' 12.50 Nov. 25, Madison Eagle, printing 3.50 " 25, M. C. Ebel, Secretary, extra stenographer's serv- ices, circularizing, etc., for Service Bureau, and Co-operation Committee and sundry expenses Secretary's ofHce 52.00 " 25, M. C. Ebel, Secretary, postage and sundries.... 17.57 Total $811.22 Dec. 7, Balance in bank (general fund) $607.28 7. Balance in bank (reserve fund) 46.00 743.28 Total $1..5.i4..50 JAMES STUART. Treasurer. Philadelphia. Pa.. December 9. 1914. We have completed our audit of the accounts of your treasurer up to Decciiiber 8, 1914, and are pleased to report that we find the statements as rendered above to be correct. WM. KLEIXTIETNZ. JAMES MacJIACHAX. ARTHTJR SMITH. Auditing Committee. On motion, duly seconded, tlie same was received and ordered to 1)0 filed. THE PRESIDENT announced as the next order of business reports of standing committees. The only response was from the Committee on Co-operation, whose renort vas i-ead as follows. 298 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. Your Co-opcrniire CommUtce, upiminteil to eiiliKt the local hnrti- cnltnrul societies in a national rn-operatiie movement for tlie r/cn- cral uplift of Hardening and to arouse a greater interest in liorti- culture. submits the foUoipiiig as its report of the year's icorl.-. On April 10 the committee sent a communication to all horti- cultural societies and cluhs halving, to its knoicledge. gardners enrolled in their memhership and had the same published in the trade papers, inviting the local societies to co-operate with the national association in the proposed co-operative movement. Tnentg-one societies responded favorablg and one unfavorably. Favorable action u-as taken on the eominuni( atioii hit other soci- eties, but the committee has as yet received no offlcinl notifications of such action, and those are not included in those reported as responding farorally. Yoiia' committee being encouraged by the results of the communi- cation invitinq participation in the movement, issued the following bulletin on Octetbir 20: "The Xntional <'o-o/ierativc Committee, appointid nt the meeting of the Xational Assoiiation of (lardcncrs held in Ptiiladclpliia in April, IdlJ). to devise n-aijs and means to make the proposed co- operative movement bctivecn the National Association and local gardeners' clubs and societies operative, submits to the local co- operative committees, appointed to ivork in conjunction with the National Co-operative Committee, the prime objects of the move- ment, which are as follows: To establish gardening as a profession on a more firm founda- tion in America. To develop a elosor fraternity betiveen those engaged in the profession of gardening and those interested in it. To make known that the vocation rtf gardening is nut ai quired through one or two S(aSons of nork in the garden, hut througli a thorough training — which demands both a practical and seienti/ic knowledge gained only through years of study. To provide an edurational course whereby those ambitious to gain a general knowledge of the different departments of their profession, and not in circumstances to secure it at college, may obtain it through their natiejnal association. To make the Service Bureau of the National Association of Gardeners an institution to ivhiclt those renuintenance of the classes lo members enrolling in them. That the co-operative movement be extended to the national and local garden clubs, a large number of whejse members are estate oivners, lo establish a closer fraternity between those < ngagcd in the profession of gardening and tliose interested in it. )'oi.r tommittec submits as its opinion that co-opi ration of a national scope between our organization and tlir local horticultural societies (an be successfully established, providing the --uppejvt it is entitled to will he fovthioniing from the local co-o/x rativc com- ' mittecs. iihiili iiii,st manifest both interest and activity in the cause. In this connection we quote a famous economist on behalf of co-operation, "Let the work be parceled out irith the genius that you, ivho know the value of organization, of co-operation, in the management of your own affairs, have proved you possess. See that the ivisest and ablest men of your organization are placed in the executive positions. Make of yourselves such earnest and able lieutenants thai the detail of organization may be complete and effective. Iniderstand fully that this means self-sacrificing service; that it tieans evpenditure of time and that it means co-operative effort." ir. H. WAITE. J. ir. EVEKITT. JAMES STUART. M. C. EBEL. (In iiiiitioii, (liilv sccoinli'd. tlie report was received and ordered to be liled. Comimiiiicatioiis were read by Secretary Kbel. irivitiiis the association to hold its next annual meeting in certain cities, and also from local growing establishments and niuseiies about Pliila- delpliia, extending hospitalities. On motion, duly seconded, the iuvitatious were received and ordered to be acknowledged. THE PRKSIDENT announced as the next bu>ine>s tlie election of otBcers for the ensuing year. W. R. Pierson, Wm. Sperling and J. Collins were appointed by the Oiair as tellers in tlie election. Nominations were made, but one candidate being named for each office. Pursuant to the instructions of the convention, the Secretarv cast one ballot for each candidate named. The result of the election was reported as follows: President, W. J. Everitt, Glen Cove, N. Y, ; Vice-President. W. S. Kennie. San Francisco, Cal. : Secretai-y, Martin C. Ebel, Madison, X. J. : Treasurer, Jas. Stuart. Maniaroneck. X. Y. The convention proceeded to elect trustees for the ensuing year. Xominations were made and a ballot taken, the following being elected: Trustees — Wm. Kleiulieinz. Ogontz, Pa.: Peter Dnff, Orange. X. .J.: Geo. W. Hess. AVashingion. D. C. ; AVni. Turner, ilendham, X. J.; .John H. Dodds, Wyncote, Pa. Under the order of new business, John .Johnson, of Glen Cove, X. Y., urged the propriety of providing for the appointment of State Vice-Presidents. He said he thought that such officials would help to enlarge the ranks of the membership and dissemi- nate interest in the association, especially in the AVest. SECRETARY EBEL intimated that the efl'ect of this might be to supersede tlie directors, and explained that tlie proposition W'ould require an amendment to the by-laws. MR. .lOHXSON said he anticipated 'that the amiMidment Avould be necessary, and that, if advisable, it could be made at the next annual meeting. PRESLOEX'T AVAT'J'E remarked that he regarded the proposi- tion as properly one for consideration by the Executive Board. MR. JOHXSOX gave notice that he will offer a resolution for an amendment of the by-laws at tlie next meeting. PRESIDENT WAITE. liaving comjileted the regular order of business, invited discussion upon general topics. He then called on Mr. Therkildson. MR. W. V. THERKILDSON. Pliiladelphia. responded. He said in part : "Mr. President and Gentlemen : I open by saying that you came very near hearing from one who has done something in the horti- cultural or agricultural world. In calling upon me the other day. Mr. Ebel came to a sort of 'fill in' man. because another. Mr. W. Atlee Burpee, could not be secured by reason of previous en- gagements. AVlien I came down here Mr. Ebel assigned to me the subject of 'The Progress of Horticulture in America'; but as I looked around this audience and saw the faces of the representa- tive men who are here it dawned upon me that Mr. Ebel had not only perpetrated a joke, but iullicted a liardship upon me. I asked him how long I would be expected to talk, and he said, 'Suit yourself about that; some speakers are liked the longer they THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 299 talk; others, tlie soonor they finish.' Xo iloiibt you will (ve\ relieved wlien I finish. (Meninient.) "With the rrcsiclciit's periiiission, I vonture to broaden the sub- ject a little to that of tlic progi'ess of horticulture, agriculture and the allied industries; because, according to the technical -definition of it, horticulture is confined to a knowledge of trees, shrubs, etc.: and the progress of horticulture in America has not been as rapid as it might have been; in other words, the progress of some of the other associated industries, for instance, the great nurseries. lias been far more rapid. "In refiectiUK upon how to broaden the subject of the advance - equipped for it. but that does no credit to .America. It is a cuiious fact that all tile cITort of real value- 300 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. that has been made in America has been made, as a ride, by men who were trained in Enrope and wlio learned tlieir work under the proper conditions and in tlie tlioronyh manner in wliicli they were trained up. \\'e have some notable instances of great financial success, in business in general, among men who were raised and reared under American conditions; but our lack of doing things tliorongidy is responsible perhaps for the lack of advancement in horticulture and agriculture in this country. "I might talk all the afternoon upon the growth of agriculture. I am more familiar with that topic than with motor plowing, soil formation. cheniic;il fertilization, etc. Those subjects may be dwelt ujion for hours. But I want, from my viewpoint, to advise that men who equip themselves for service as gardeners make an etTort to know all that is possible in the profession of gardening. Some men may know gardening, some know motors. some know golf links, some know tree surgery, some know strains, some are entomologists and what not; but the gardener, to be perfectly equipped, must know much of each of these. •'As a last thought I wish to quote the expression of some great man who has said: 'We do what we are on account of im- pulses given us by previous training, previous acts or conditions, under which we live and have lived.' So I advise: Know what you want to do. hold that thought firmly and do each day what should be done; and every sunset will see you that much nearer the goal, whether it be in gardening or any other profession. I thanic j'ou for your attention." (Long continued applause.) On motion, the thanks of the association were voted to Mr. Therkildson for his interesting address. The next Inisiness was tlie reading of a paper prepared by Mr. Richard Vincent, Jr.. of Whitemarsh, Md., on "The Gardener of the Past and the Future." The paper was read by Secretary Kbel and listened to with much interest. (This paper is published in another column of this issue.) On motion, duly seconded, a vote of thanks was tendered Mr. Vincent for his paper. The last session of the afternoon convention was in the nature of an instructive entertainment wdien Robert I'ylf. president of Tlie Conard & Jones ("'onipany. delivered his lecture on "Roses at Home and Abroad " The illustr:itions of some of our best roses, and most noteworthy rose gardens in this country and Europe, were for the most part in color, and contained many suggestive ideas with reference to layout, arrangement, etc. First of all. Mr. Pyle ' described the Rose Festival ^^"eek of Portland. Ore., picturing first the luxuriance of roses with which even the streets there are beautified, and then showing the jiarades and automobiles, bores-drawn vehicles, children, etc.. to wiiich the entire week is given over, with views of rose gardens down through California, and then East throughout Xew England. Mr. Pyle took his audience to the rose gi-owers of England, where he had visited the nurseries of AVm. Paul e^ Sons, of Waltham Cross: of Hugh Dickson, of Belfast, Ireland, and Alexander Dick- son, of Newtonards; of S. Mc(;reS'. Peiniock-Mcchaii Codiiwiiii. Philo' detphia. Pa. (■ipccinl mention, for a rase of siiujle eliriisunthrmums "Marguerite Waite'' and a vase of "Erlanffea tomentosa," ej-hihited 1)1/ ^yiUiam If. Waite. Yonkers, N. Y. ffpeeial mention, for a dis- play of roses and mi(/nonettp by >S'. Pennock-Meehan Company. Special mention, for a fine display of ferns and foliage plants to Henry A. Dreer, Inc.. Philadelphia, Pa. Special mention, for a display of high-grade hulhs, flowering shruis, etc., to Hosea Wat- ercr, Philadelphia, Pa. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 301 The committee was not ahle to piixs mi viinidlinii "AIic(," c.r- hihitctl hy Peter Fisher, Ellis, Muss., as the /lowers urriied in had condition. [WILLIAM KLEINHEIXZ, JAMES STUART. Committee on Meritorious Exhihits. Tlie Cuiiiniiltec on Final Resolutions rcjioi'tod as follows: "Whercux. The Iforlirultiiral Socict!/ of Penusijlrdnid has so gencruuslij prorUled us with fucilities u-ithiii its building for the holdinij of our annuul rourrntion and unnuul banquet. "Ixcsi.ln d. Tlint the Xiitional Assuciiition of Gardeners tender to the Horticultural Socictii of I'ennxi/liunia n hearty rote of tlianks and appreciation; and "^yhereas, The Philadelphia l-'lorixl.i' Club tendered to our mem- bers the use of its clubrooni during their stay in Philadelphia and its bondiuy alleys for our bowling tournament. "Resoh( d. Thai tin Xational Association of Clardeners tender to the Philadelphia lloristx' Club a hearty rote of thanl;s and ap- preciation. "Resolred. That the association tender a hearty vote of thanks and appreciation to 11'. Frank Therkildson, Philadelphia. Pa., for his instructive address; to Rie read l)y every |iark executive. Jlr. Parker is botli original and unique in his methods and con- •clusions, and his observations are wortliy of .serious consideration. His chajiter on "Milestones in Park Develoiiment" is especially good and will be published in full in these columns. J. Henderson, superintendent of Mt. Royal Park at iloutreal. writes to say that he is well pleased with the change of official organ, and likes this magazine very much. Jlany others have written in the same vein, which is, of course, pleasing to the officers, who Iiad a duty tluust upon tliem by the convention, acting according to their best judgment, and were temporarily criticised liy >iiiiie wlio did not fiillv iiiideistaiid the situatinii. PARK DEPARTMENT PERSONALS .John W. ]!)uncan, past president of tlie association, is still superintendent at Spokane, Wash., and has just closed a busy year of improvement work. An extension fund of a million dollars for pai'k purpo-es became available two years ago. and while a •considerable amount of it was spent for land, Mr. Duncan Avas able to add a .sold course, athletic stadium, several phiysrouuds and new park buildings. Early in the spring 5Ir. Duncan will give us ail illrstrated article which will prove why meifibers at- tending next year's convention should stop off in Sprkaiie. A. A. Fi.sk. superintendent at Eaciue, Wis., who created such a sensation at the Xewburgh convention with his wliite .suit, now springs another surprise with the announcement of tlie arrixal of a little stranger in Ids household, Jessie Louise Fisk. The Fisk smile, well known to convention attendants, is probably just a little broader about this time. Richard Iwerson. formerly superintendent at Calgary. Canada, has secured a position in charge of landscape work for the Wash- ington Xurseiy Company at Toppenish, Wash. Emil T. ]\Iische, for many years' su])criiiteiiileiit at Portland Ore., has a new jiosition and a new title as the result of changes following the adoption of a commission form of government. " A •commissioner of public affairs is now at the head of the park department, anil ilr. ilische is to serve in the future as con suiting landscape architect for the department, engaging in private work as well. Bernard Rifkin, the lost member, supposedly superintendent at Eeading. Pa., has been located at Pottsville, Pa., the information lieing supplied by Chas. A. Seybold. of Wilkes-Barre. Mr. Seybold. formerly in charge of Carroll Park at Baltimore, is now supervisor of the Bureau of Public Parks at Wilkes-Barre. J. W. Thompson, superintendent at Seattle for ten years, and who has been passing up the last few conventions because he has been so busy spending four million dcdiars of extension funds, will have an illustrated article on what he has accom- plished, in a future number of this magazine. Jlr. Thompson is one of the charter members of the associa- tion and is looking forward to next year's convention on the Coast, and hopes that all of the old-timers and new ones also, will come bv wav of Seattle. C. K. Brock, superintendent at Houston, Tex., reports activity in ]iark lines in his city, .^2.50,000 in bonds having recently been voted for park improvements. One of tlie new features to be added was a Zoo in Woodland Park. One of Houston's citizens, a Mr. George H. Herman, recently died and be(|ueatlied to the city for park purposes a prominent city block, on condition that no destitute person found in the jiark should lie arrested or molested, ilr. Brock is one of the few members we have in Southern cities, a very promising field, which the association has overlooked in years past. G. Hennenhofer, superintendent of Pueblo. Colo., is very anxious that members attending ne.xt year's convention should plan their route via the Colorado cities and stop ofi' at Pueblo. When the association met in Denver in 1913 many promised to stop over in Pueblo, and Mr. Hennenhofer rushed home to be on hand to entertain them, but not a soul showed up, although many passed through Pueblo on the return trip. It is to be hoped that next year some of the luemliers will put Pueblo nil their list of sto]i-overs. MILE STONES IN PARK DEVELOPMENT. By George .\. F.arker.* The mile stones in tlie development of "Municipal Parks" seems to have been as follows : 1. 1850 when the thotight was a single large park that would bring country influences and rural scenes into the midst of city conditions. 2. 1875 when a series of separate parks was con- ceived. 3. 1890 when large park reservations with connect- ing parkways or bnulevards took form. 4. 1900 when playgrounds and outdoor gymnasiums became popular. 5. 1910 when park work incltided ptiblic recreation, so that now the word "parks" is fast becoming to mean all those things needed for the people and for each group of people for their recreation in outdoor life, that is so essential to health and happiness. With each mile stone passed, the meaning of the different words and terms tised has increased, and the motif that has led the workers forward has changed, so that now it seems necessary to re-state the inotif and re-define some of the terms. The parks of a cit}^, the influences they exert and the services they render are fast coming to mean all plant and tree life, lawns and decorative grounds, whether ptiblic or private, that are within a city. This conception justifies the Park Department furnishitig at slightly above cost loam, sod, or other materials for the improvements of private grounds, for such im- provements add just so much beauty of the city, mak- *Extract from his annu.il report as Superintendent of Parks, Hartford, Conn. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 303 ing it niDre desirable to li\'e in, which is the fuiula- niental motif under all yiark work. P'urtherniore, this conception of park service makes every man's home become i)art of the park system, and connects his front yard with the public parks by means of the street tree planting and park strips, thereby providing a channel of influence between the park dejiartment and the pri- vate home, similar to that which exists between the street, water and sewer de])artinents. History demonstrates, and observation conlirnis the fact that the influence of ])lant life and rural scenes are essential to strong enduring, well regulated and well balanced home life. Those cities that have amjile park and recreation systems well distributed, developed and maintained, have raised the stanchird of the character of its citizens. Gradualh' and almost unconscioiisl}' recreation work has come to be a part of park work. It came first, be- cause parks were open grounds, and recreation needed open grounds : but as the work has gone on, the reali- zation has come that park and recreation rec[uirements are so closely related and united, that neither can be successfully maintained without the other. What then is now meant by recreation? Much has been written about "Municipal Recreation," esjjecially during the last ten years. At first it meant pla)- for children, but its meaning has exjianded until now it includes whatever is done during the leisure hours of the people as individuals, or as groups, or as a whole. It has three divisions : 1. Private recreation which takes place at home or sociallv with friends and neighbors, and in which the public has m i part. 2. Public recreation privately owned and explniled for private gain. 3. Public recreation publicly owned, which is either free or furnished at cost or nearly so. Recreation is helpful in four ways; First. It provides the means for growth in children, and gives an even development of mind and body. A boy is the man in the making. To form him, ])arents and teachers try to mold his habits and character. Work and study are but outside influences and forces to lead or compel him to fit into the mold wdiich has been nre-determined. In doing so there are used onlv a comparatively small proportion of the number of muscles and faculties that go to make up the boy. Recreation allows for free use of all those muscles that are not sufficiently used in work and study. It responds to nature's call to move or to atrophy. It is a force within, working out. Work and study are forces without working in. Lloth are needed to make the man. Second. Recreation provided refreshment and res- toration to the tired or over-strained body and mind. Nature will replace used or abused muscles and tis- sues, if suitable rest is given them, and used or ])artiallv used muscles and tissues have exercise. Recreation provides just this. It may consist of just comfortably resting in the fresh air, or ieisurelv walking about, or something that makes one forget himself. It may be music or entertainment, or exercise, but whatever it is, it nuist be ot une's ')wn free will and accord. Third. Recreation prevents evils and weaknesses of a city, providing it is sufficient to provide wholesome and amjile o])])ortunity to do so. The great majority of people prefer good to evil, if an overwrought body or mind and environments do not lead him otherwise. If the recreation provisions of a city are as sufficiently prcjvided for as is the fire department for fighting fires, the\- will prevent or destroy evil weaknesses as eft'ect- iveiv as the fire department does fire. But too often the recreation provision is no better prepared to do its work than the fire dejiartment would be if it had only a hand pump and a bucket brigade. I'^ourth. Recreation is the balance wheel for work and plav. Any machine which is subjected to irregular work, needs a regulator or balance wheel or both. Machines that do not have them must find a balance Ijetween their endurance and the power which drives them, otherwise they are destroyed by the force which was given them to use. The mission of a balance wheel is to store up force when not needed, to give it back when it is. Work and study are the constructive forces of a city. They are irregular in their eft'ect u])on the human body and mind, and differ widely as to their re(|uirements and application. Recreation stores up human energy when in abundance, and gives it out when the strain comes. TEX.\S ST.\TK Fl.OWF.R SHOW. III.Ili I\ HOUSTON', TKXAS. IH-RIXC TUr.Il KK WKKK. (SEE PACE iU9.) City Forestry in Chicago By J. H. Prost. Supt. of Before the fire of 1871, the residence streets of Chi- cago were so well planted with trees as to suggest the civic motto, "Urbs in Horto" — A City Set in a Garden. The fire destroyed a large majority of these mag- nificent trees, which were never properly replaced. Chicago, in its rapid commercial and industrial devel- opment, sought to supply its aesthetic needs and up- hold this civic motto by establishing elaborate play- grounds, beautiful parks and extensive boulevard sys- tems ; and while these are necessary and beautiful features of which we may well feel proud, yet in ac- complishing all this we have thoughtlessly neglected what may be considered the back yard or living por- tion of the city, overlooking those features of the "City Beautiful" wliich become a joy and comfort to the masses. Trees planted in front of every home in the city cost but a mere trifle, and the benefits derived therefrom are inestimable, when compared to the cost and bene- fits of the parks, playgrounds and boulevards, and every city, as many have, could well aft'ord to make this its first endeavor toward a "City Beautiful." By making trees a part of the daily life of our citi- zens, we are not only beautifying the cit}-, bettering its health conditions, increasing the value of real estate ; but we are also educating our people to better appreciate, respect and enjoy our parks. The home and school are the greatest educational factors of a community, and whatever is for the per- manent good of the city should begin at home and in the school. In Chicago we have some fifty or more civic im- provement organizations, covering all parts of the city, and these are again affiliated, forming a league of improveinent associations. These associations have long realized that the street tree is an indispensable factor in making the city more habitable and essential to an ideal residence street. In 1904 a Chicago "Tree Planting Society" was or- ganized to promote the planting and care of street trees. It published and distributed a circular setting forth the reasons why trees should be planted. But definite results were not obtained until Janu- ary, 1909, when the Chicago Woman's Club put forth determined efforts to establish an office for the mu- nicipal control of street trees ; by calling a meeting at which there was appointed the Chicago Tree Commit- tee, made up of thirty citizens representing many prominent clubs and societies, with Franklin Mac- Veagh, former Secretary of the Treasury, as chair- man. This body proposed to ex-Mayor Bussee, the adoption of an ordinance concerning trees and shrub- bery in the streets of the city. The proposition was approved by the Mayor and on his recommendation the City Council, March 21, unanimously adopted an ordinance as drafted by the Tree Committee. It was agreed by the Mayor and citizens interested that the work ought to be placed in charge of the Special Park Commission, as its work for small parks and playgrounds already extended over the entire city, besides possessing the necessary facilities and ex- perience in the subject. The ordinance accordingly gives control of the trees in the streets to the Special Park Commission, authorizes it to appoint a City Forester, who is to di- rect, assist and advise persons wishing to plant trees, Parks and City Forester. and to have general charge of the care of the trees in the streets. The ordinance further provides that the City For- ester shall superintend, regulate and encourage the preservation, culture and planting of shade and orna- mental trees and shrubbery in the parkways of the city of Chicago. It shall be the duty of owners of lots within whose lot lines trees are growing to keep them trimmed, so that they shall not interfere with the passage of light from the street lamps, and that dead or living limbs shall not overhaul the street or sidewalk so as to in- terfere with the proper use of the same. Before planting trees in the parkways of the city's streets a written permit must be obtained from the City Forester, this being for the purpose of control- ling the variety, size and character of tree planted. Trees must not be planted nearer together than twen- ty-five feet in any case. Gas companies, upon notice, must repair any leak in their gas pipes that may endanger the trees in the parkways. No stone, cement or other material shall be per- mitted in the parkways which may endanger the life of trees in such parkways. An open space not less than two feet in width must be left around any tree planted in the sidewalk space. Persons carrying on building operations must pro- tect exposed trees in the streets with guards so that they shall not be injured. X'iolations of the ordinance are punishable by a fine of not less than $5, nor more tlian $100, for each offense. U]jon assuming the duties of the office in May, 1909, it was found that the Special Park Commission, by tlu passing of this ordinance, had added to its supervision about 1,486 miles of parkway lying along improved streets, and 1,370 miles of parkway lying along unim- proved streets and 1,415 miles of alley. Eighty thousand (80,000) would be a fair guess as to the number of trees growing in the parkways of Chicago. The department was immediately called upon to give advice to citizens planning the planting of trees and shrubbery in the parkways, to consult with neighbor- hood and street improvement associations who de- sired advice on planting, and these clubs also arranged for meetings of property owners, where an outline of the purpose and activities of the office were given in addition to information on street tree planting. Our eiiforts were next directed toward informing citizens, police department and public utility corporations of the passage, purpose and contents of the ordinance, and to arouse an appreciation of the services this new department could render our citizens. Realizing the vast importance of this work, the ex- tent of territory covered, and the unlimited possibili- ties, I was determined to fortify the office with as much available information on city tree work as could be gathered. To this end the foresters of a number of cities courteously gave me invaluable information and suggestions. W^ashington, of course, affords the best op]iortuni- ties for the study of city street tree work, and the se- cret of their success lies in the fact that they have had the money, the nursery and the man. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 305 Lack of municipal cuiUrul and jjlaiUing regulations has imposed upon Chicago an unnecessarily large number of soft wood trees. Then, too, we find elms, ash, catalpas, Carolina poplars and cottonwood trees are mixed along the same street and varying greatly in size in the same block, and this treatment is not un- common even in the most choice residence districts. Stumps and dead trees have stood in the parkways for years, becoming an eyesore and menace to the public. Many of these trees were killed by gas leaks, while others have been outrageously mutilated by ■careless and indiiiferent citizens and the various public utility corporations. Those dead, dying and unsightl\- trees have in many cases discouraged antl prejudiced our citizens against the planting of new trees, and they have become in- iological Survey of the U. S. Department of Agriculture reports as follows on the European starling: Introduced into the United States nearl}' twenty-five years ago, the European starling has gradually extended its range from Kew York City, and now it is found in the neighboring States of Connecticut. Kew Jersey. New Y'ork, Penns.ylvania and Massa- chusetts. During its migrations in search of food it ranges much farther from the original center and occurs in considerable num- bers as far south even as the District of- Columbia. The starling is markedly insectivorous, especially in summer, and preys upon many noxious varieties. In this respect it is to be classed among our useful birds. So far as is known, it has not proved destructive to grain crops, but it is known to be very fond of small fruits, and as it associates in large flocks, it is likely to become a pest to the orchardist. In addition, it prefers tree cavities, boxes, or recesses in buildings for nesting sites, and thus is brought into direct competition with certain of the useful native birds, more ]iarticulaiiy the bluebird, iiiir]de mar- tin, white-bellied swallow, house wren and flicker. The bird is steadily extending its territory, and it will be wise to withdraw all protection from it, as has already been done in Connecticut, New Jersey, New York and Pennsylvania, including the center of its abundance, with a view of checking its increase and spread. The shipment of these birds from one State to an- other has been prohibited under heavy penalty by act of Congress. Under ordinary circumstances, even after all protection is with- drawn, the bird will probably prove to be capable of taking care of itself. That ultimately it will spread over a large part of the United States is highly probable. A VISIT TO A SNAKE FARM, One of the most interesting places in Brazil is the Iiistituto de Butantan. situated among the ilar Mountains, several miles from Sao Paulo, the second largest city of the republic. This institu- tion, which costs the Brazilian government more than $40.(in0 a j'ear, studies the snakes of the countr.v, extracts the poison from those that are venomous, and changes it into a serum that will cure those who are bitten by snakes. There are only two such institutions in the world, the other lieiiig at Calcutta. India. The Brazilian farm is fourteen years old. Within the last year the government has built a line new building that contains a very excellent medical and rhcniical laboratory. Outside the building, in a long, rectangular plot, surrounded by an iron fence and a cemented moat, are sixteen or twent.v bee- hive-shaped structures of cement; cement paths connect them^ with one another and with the moat. Each of these has four small doors, with a hole in the centre. Every morning an at- tendant comes round with a long rod. which has a bent iron hook on the end. puts it in at the door holes, and removes the doors. Slowly the snakes come out to creep in the grass, bask in the sun or swim in the pool. In another park at the side of the building there are more such houses. In that park are trees, and it is a remarkable sight to watch those trees. At first you see nothing but the trees; but the longer you watch them, the more wriggly tliev become, for they are alive with snakes! The farm has aliout l.."i(K1 snakes corralled for research purposes. — Ijj-ih(iii(i< . FERTILIZER RESOURCES OF THE UNITED STATES. In discussing the fertilizer resources "f the United States, the Bureau of Soils, U. S. Department of Agriculture, in its annual report for the fiscal year ending .June 30. 1914. says in part: While the extraction of pota.sh from such natural silicates as the feldspars is quite feasible ph.ysically, it is not practicable- economicallv, unless some other salable product is produced in the same operation. An investigation into the use of feldspar in the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen showed promise of a practical method of producing ammonia simultaneously with potash from feldspar. The most prcmisina; Aniericnn source of iiotasli. how- ever, is the annual crop of giant kelps on the Pacific coast. Work- ing maps have now been made of nearl.y all the commercially available kelp beds from the Cedros Islands to the Shumagins, off the Alaskan coast. The area of these beds assre.zates nearly THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 307 400 s(niaie iiiilcs. capablu of yicliliiig aiimuiUy, eitlioi- as diifd kelp or as pure potassiiiiii c-liloride, over six times tlie present consumption of soluble potash salts in the United States, or some- thing more than the world's present total production. The de- velopment of a great American industry, based on the conserva- tion and utilization of this important national resource, of funda- mental ini])ortai](e to the natioruil agricult\Hal interests, seems now to be a matter of time only. ]f all the coal that is now coked in the United States were treated in modern liy-product ovens and tlie ammonia thereby saved, the nitrogen tonnage would be about that now consumed in the fertilizer trade of the country. While the transition from the old ■'beehive" to the modern furnace method is steadily progressing, the greater dependence for nitrogen carriers yet re- mains in cottonseed meal, slaughterhouse b.y-proilucts. fish scrap and some other less important materials. The growing and in- sistent demand for more nitrogenous feeds to su]ii)ort the meat production demanded by the dietary customs of the .American people is gradually but steadily withdrawing these "organic" ■carriers from the command of the fertilizer manufacturers, while the demand for nitrogen carriers is steadily increasing. 'Ihe necessity for artificial methods of fixation of atnuisphcric nitro- gen in the United States is not immediately jiresent. but is ap- proaching ra])idly. Tt would he premature to announce the re- sults of the departmenfs investigations as yet. but the types of material which are of commercial promise for American condi- tions have been jiretty well worked out and substantial progress has been made in the investigation of the fundamental technical factors which must control the production of these particular types. At the same time investigation is being made of other possible sources of nitrogen. Although improvements are being made, the wastage of phos- phate rock at the mines is still disconcertingly large. Tn Florida, where the most actively-worked fields are situated, investigations of the Bureau of Soils have shown that practically 2 pounds of phosphorus goes to waste for every pound produced in merchant- able rock. Studies are now being made looking to the recovery ■or prevention of some of this wastage by mechanical methods, while several chemical methods have been carefully investigated. STUDY OF PLANT ODORS. A rose b.v au.v other name would smell as sweet and onions and garlics would be the malodorous delusions and snares that the.v are even were they called violets and narcissus. What, then, is it which causes the odors of flowers and the noxious nasal annoy- ances of molds and other lowly plants? M. Eugene Charabot, the able chemist, now rushes into the lircach in an attempt to explain all this. What is a plant odor? Where does it come from? How is it rous vesctation. In the imi' division the fraurance cnianati-s and is found in the flower of the plants ; in the other the odors spring from the green parts or bulbs. The perfuna' of the flowers usually surpasses that found in the rest of the plant. The rankest compound of villainous smell that ever offended a no.stril is found in the latter, whereas the balmiest, most ambrosial bompiet of redolent scents is to lie ob- tained from flowers. The odors usuall.v, he says, make their i'arli<'st .aiipcaraui r in the youna:, green .shoots. Thence they lontinue to accunuilalc until the plant flowers. Then the odonnis compound migrates from the leaf into the stem, and thence into the inflorescence .'uid otie\s the well-known laws of dilt'usion. WliiMi fertilization of the lilant t.ikes place souje of these oils are used up by the flowers, while at the same time the green ijarls are called on to make more of these fragment oils. The practical oiitcome of this is that to harvest the iierfunie oils yicdded by tile plant it should be most profitably eanied oul ,iust before fertilization occurs. For after tliis the odoiMus ])rinciples appear to descend again into the stem and generally into the or gans other ihan the flower, 'j'his migration is prnhnbly the with- ering and drying up of the inflorescences. If Ihe two learned gentlemen wish to know of the "rankest r oni- pound of villainous smell that ever offended a nostril" we ilireet their attention to the flowers of the black Calla, or its near rela- tive, Amorplirn-hallus Uivieri. If a whiff of these two malodorous flowers are not sufficient to convince them that "the balmiest, most amhi'osial liou(|uet of redolent scents" are not found in .some flow- ers we commend to their investigation those of the Slaphelia and •of the trojiical pipe vines. ,\gain some of the rierodendi'ons bear flowers of the most delightful fragrance, while the I'oliaLie has a .fetid cdor. — I'm i fir Garden A ONE-TREE FARM. On the borderland of Bolixda is a farm, and a rarely prosperous one at that, which consists of a single tree. It is a rubber tree and it supports a family of seven persons in comparative alfluence. This lone tree has been nursed along for generations, uutil it now measures about 27 feet in circumference at the base. The daily yield of caoutchouc is more than twenty-two pounds during the 1"J(> days of Ihe year that the tree can be successfully tapjied, or almost a ton and a half of this prci'ious product aimually. On the basis of this yicdd the tree has an estimated valui- of ifliO.OOO. Few growing things are so t(;nderly guarded. There is an alligator pear tree in California that is estimated to be worih about .f20.(100 — a tree that is said to employ a press agent and to carry a life insiu-ance policy. It has been widely heralded as the tree of trees, and cuttings from it are sold for al- most their weight in gold. But it must now play second fiddle to this Bolivian marvel, and before long we may hear of some new wonder of Nature that will outrival the South American superla- tive of all single-plant growths, .Vs a sublinndy simple farming operation, howe\cr. we must all how for a while to this one-tree ranch of the inl.-iiid r<'pulilic, — Exclianyr. QUERIES and ANSWERS IVe believe the greatest good can be accomplished for the greatest number, by iyistituting a query column; or an exchange of txpe- riences, on practical propositions, by our readers. You are invited to contribute questions, and answer others. Each question as received will be given a number, the question- er's name will not be published, but the source of the answer will be given unless otherivise requested. IVe all have something we would like to know more about. Here is your opportunity to ascertain somebody's experience in just that matter. Nothing will tend to better fellowship than helping each other. Take advantage of this "Question Box." "I would like to get some information on the culti- vating of the blueberry, which I understand is finely grown on some of the estates in Massachusetts. They grow to perfection in our section in the wild state, but we do not seem to succeed in cultivating them suc- cessfully. Any information you can give me regard- ing their culture will be appreciated." — U. M., Nova Scotia. DIRECTIONS FOR CULTIVATING BLUEBERRIES. lllueberries are easil.y cultivated after the soil is once prepared. Aftei- ten years' exjierimenting with the swamp blueberry (Vae- cinium Ccu'vmbosum) we have found that a swampy place is not absolutely necessary, as is commonly supposed, in order to suc- cessfully grow these berries; but an ordinary upland place will do as well. We have found the best method is to remove the top soil 1 or I'/j feet deep and fill in with 2/3 peat and \/'i sharp sand well mixed. (If bog peat is used, allow it to be exposed to sun for one season before using.) Plant the bushes when in a dormant state, pressing the soil firmly about the roots. If wild bushe* aie used, be careful to obtain as many roots as possible, anil prune a greater part of the tops oil', as blueberries do not nurke new roots until after they are leaved out. Under this treatment our bushes have improved steadily each year, some bushes yielding from four to seven quarts of large berries, many measuring 9/ltj of on inch in diameter, and a few larger, of excellent flavor and exceptionally fine keeping qualities. Seed- lings are easily grown in sifted soil of one-half peat and one-half sharp sand with good drainage, and kept moist in a |iartially shaded place. We sow our seed in .\ugust and keep inside over winter, planting out in ea,rly spring. Blueberries like an acid soil, moist, but well drained, and lime or other fertilizers should not he used, and no vegctalile matter should be allowed to grow among them. We have a quantity of four-year-old seedlings grown from our best berries that will fruit next season. For permanent planting, the bushes should be set about 8 feet apart, as they will cover this space when matured. Blueljerry bushes are long-lived and should be given plenty of room to develop. The blueberry is a useful as well as ornamental shrub, and we expect to see them planted extensively on private and public grounds in the near future. The ordinary field blueberries (Vac-cinium Pennsylvanicura) do better in the sand.v ujilands with a coating of upland peat, where they arc more suh.iec I to drouth. — C. //. ChiimhrrUiin, Natick, Mass. 308 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. OF INTEREST TO ALL CHARLES H. TOTTY FULLY RECOVERED. Charles H. Totty, of Madison, N. J., who was con- fined to the Overlook Hospital, Summit, N. J., for a month, undergoing an operation, returned to his home on Friday, the 11 inst. Mr. Totty's health is so im- proved that he is able again to attend to his business — in fact, he felt so well on leaving the hospital that he immediately proceeded to his greenhouses and enjoyed an inspection of the same before going to his home. HARRY A. BUNYARD, PRESIDENT NEW YORK FLORISTS' CLUB. At the annual meeting of the New York Florists' Club, Harry A. Bunyard was elected to the presidency of that organization, succeeding William H. Duckham. Re- sponding to the call to the platform, Mr. Bunyard re- marked that the election to the presidency of the New York Florists' Club was the happiest moment of his life, barring that of his marriage; that he never regretted being married and felt sure that he would never regret being elected to the presidency of the New York Florists' Club, and trusted that the members would never have cause to regret electing him to the office. J. Keney was elected vice-president ; John Young, re-elected secretary ; William C. Rickards, re-elected treasurer. W. R. Cobb, J. H. Feisser and Emil Schloss were elected trustees. A MAMMOTH PLANT STORE. The MacNitf Horticultural Company, New York, is completing what will probably be the largest store of its kind in this country. It has leased the property next door to its present location and is constructing a store room 25 x 100 with ceiling 30 feet in height. This will be connected with the main store and in it will be con- ducted the auction sales. The height of the room will permit the largest size palm and indoor plants being ex- hibited therein for exhibition purposes. AMERICAN SWEET PEA SOCIETY. A meeting of the executive board of the American Sweet Pea Society was held at the offices of Peter Hen- derson & Co., New York City, on Tuesday afternoon, November 24, with W. .A.tlee Ijurpee in the chair. The principal business was the arrangements for the shows to be held during the coming Summer. It has been ar- ranged that two shows be held ; one in San Francisco, the other in Newport, R. I. The dates for the San Francisco show have not yet been fixed. The Newport show, which is to be held under the auspices of the New- port Garden Association and the Newport Horticultural Society, in the Newport Casino, will open on July 8, and continue through July 9. A very liberal preliminary premium list has been prepared and issued by the New- port organizations. Since this time the Newport Gar- den Club has donated $100 in prizes. Copies of this preliminary schedule mav be obtained of the secretary, Harry A. Bunyard. 342 West Fourteenth street. New York' City. ' Harry A. Bunyard. Secretary. THE HIGHWAY TO PERENNIALS LEADS j STRAIGHT TO THE PALISADES f NURSERIES. I There you will find all kinds and yon con take your pick from the | best that is crown. Maxiiunm Quality ot Minimum Prices. Write | W. R. Clucas, Manager. i THE PALISADES NURSEEIES, INC., SPABKILL, N. T. | ORCHIDS We are Specialists In Orchids, \ve eollect, grow, Import, export and sell orchids exclusively. If you are in the market for Orchidi we solicit your inquiries and orders. Catalogues and special lists on application. Lager & Hurrell, Orchid Grower* and Importer*. SUMMIT, N. J. ^iiiiiNiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiliiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiN I WATER LILIES and SUB-AQUATIC PLANTS | § Trees, bushes and perennial plants, everything for the Water Garden = g or artificial pond. If you are contemplating the coustniftion of a ^ s pond write me and I will give you the benefit of my 2,") years' esperi- = = ence. Send for my Catalog, containing the best collection of Water ^ p Lilies, Hardy and Tender; Hardy OU'.-fashioned Garden Flowers, Hybrid E ^ Tea Roses, Evergreen Jap;in Azaleas. KliC/dodendrons and many choice E E Novelties. Send for Book. "Making a Water Gardr^n." 05 cents prepaid. ^ i WM. TRICKER, Water Lily Specialist, Arlington. N. J. § ffi!iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii[i[|[iii[|iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii!tiiiiin iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiih^ fiiiiiliiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitntiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiM^^^^^ I B. HAMMOND TRACY | I Gladiolus Specialist | j U/E;iNHAyV\, /ViASSACHUSETTS | ^iiilluiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiNiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiim iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiHiiiiiiiiiiiniiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiu I VAUGHAN'S SEED STORE | I Complete Spring Catalogue for 1915 ready Jan. 15. g 1 Ask for it at Cfiicago or New York 1 I 43 Barclay St. i N«w York 31-33 W. Randolph St. | _ Chicago s iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiHiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii giiiiiiiiiiiiiii:iiiiiiiiiii|iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiliiiiiliiiiiiiiiliiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiii>iiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiitiiuiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiNi^ I HILL'S EVERGREENS | = Send for Price-list, Uention thlt mftgaxin*. § I D. HILL NURSERY CO. | I Larf;."T;„wefrii^':^L%rioa. B.x30S Dtindce. 111. | ^IIIIIIIIIIHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIUIIIIIIIIIIIIINlllllllllllllllllllIIIIIUIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII^^ giiliniiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiNiiiiiNiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiwiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiu^^^ I ORNAMENTAL IRON WORK | I For Lawns and Gardens. | I Chas. C. Force & Son, | 1 LET US ESTIM.ATE ON YOUR WANTS. j I Madison Iron Works, Madison, N. J. | fiiiiiiriiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiNUiiiiiiiiHiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiDiiiiiiiiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiuiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiT; giiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii!iiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiii!iiiiiiiii!iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiii;iiiiii^^ H/\RRY B/VLDW/IIN = irfanufacturer of I GREEN-HOUSE SHADING I LATH ROLLER BLINDS I MAMARONECK. N. Y. niiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiniininiiiiniiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiNiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiii^ CHRYSANTHEMUMS Novelties for 1915. Mrs. Wm. H. Walker, Bob Pulling, Mrs. R. C. Pulling;, Joan Stratton, Lelia Mary Bennett, Emma Roope, Mrs. Edgar J. Slater, Mrs. J. Surrey, also the finest of last year's novelties and standard varieties at popular prices. CARNATIONS Alice, Good Cheer. Pink Sensatiun. Matchless, Champion, Mrs. Cheney, British Trumpet, Princess Dagmar, Gorgeous, En- chantress Supreme, Beacon and White Wonder. We have a large stock of chrysanthemums and carnations this year, and can guarantee deliveries out of 2!4-inch pots in January. ROSES Don't miss Francis Scott Key and Ophelia. They are the hest things in sight. If you do not receive our 1915 price list, write us. ELMSFORD NURSERIES SCOTT BROS. :EU1VISF0RD. N. Y. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 300 GARDENERS DIARY American Carnation Society. Annual show, Buffalo, N. Y., January 15. International Flower Show. Now York, Jlardi 17-23, 1915. LAKE GENEVA (WIS.) EXHIBITION. The tenth annual chrysanthonuim exliihi- tion of the Lake Geneva Gardeners' and Foremen's Asso<'iation was licld in Horti- cultural Hall, November 6-7. 1014. Tlie weather was ideal anb(';illniii Worth-WhileTrees and Shrubs GROWN AT ANDORRA The Andorra Way pives spcciuien trees that are large enough to be effective from the first. Nearly all ornatnentnls can bo planted successfully late in tlie season, and the opening of spring will find your landscape rich with shades of green. Visit Andorra now — every day is d i f - ferent in its showing of beautiful foli- age. Come by motor, tra in or trolley . If you cannot come, write for our book- let, which will bo sent free to those in- terested in distinctive trees and plaiils. Andorra Nurseries Wm. Watnti Hirper, Prop. Bex 0, Cheslniil llil Pbiladelphia.P). 310 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. took the plant away with him, ami "ivill bring it before the club at the next meet- ing "that all may see the suecess of the process. This scheme, while not new-, is practically new to the florists in this vicin- ity so far as I know. There were some pleasing poinsetlias, begonias and cypri pediinns exhibited Iiy the Bureaus of Parks. Korthside and Schenley. A rising vote of thanks was given Mr. Gillespie for his address. At the next meeting of the club in -Jan.! ary the nomination of officers for li)l.> will be taken up. II. P. .JOiSLIX. Sccretarv. PATERSON (N. J.) HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. At the annual meeting of the Paterson (N. .J.) Horticultural Society, held Tuesday evening. December 2, the following officers were elected for the ensuing year: Presi- dent, .Joseph Ackerman: vice-president. Dr. Thomas iloore: recording secretary. Se- bastian ?Iubsclimidt: financial secretary. Francis Bredder: treasurer. Hugh Clark. In the monthly competition the award went to F. ililne of Totowa, who showed a mag- nificent vase of carnations. NEWPORT HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. This society licld its annual meeting on Decemljer 8, and the following officers were elected for the ensuing year: President. William ilacKay ; first vice-pi-esident, John B. Urqulmrt; second vice-president, James Bond; treasurer, A. K. McMahon: record- ing and financial secretary. William Gray: sergeant-at-arms, James Watt. Executive Committee, with the above officers: Richard Gardner. Alexander ilacLellan. Bruce But- terton. James J. Sullivan, Andrew L. Dor- ward, James Robertson, Fred Carter, An- drew S. Meikle and Alexander Fraser. Re- ports of the treasurer and secretary show the society to be in a very satisfactory condition. The coming year promises to be the most eventful one in tlie history of this so^ety, as it lias already voted to Join with the followiiig-iiamed organizations in holding exhibitions in Newport; American Sweet Pea Society and Newport Garden Associa- tion on July 8 and 9: Newport Garden Club in August: also monthly shows through the summer months with the Newport Ciarden Association. Lectures on gardening sub- jects are also provided for through the win- ter months. — Horticulture. MENLO PARK (CAL.) HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. The second annual banr|uet of the ilenlo Park Horticultural Society was held on Saturday evening, November 28. Over eighty people were at the tables, all mem- bers of the trade along the peninsula, and it was voted the most successful afl'air ever held by this hospitable society. .James T. Lynch was the toastmaster of tlie evening Henry Maier, of Burlingarae, Gal., gave the society a splendid talk, which was aporeci- ated by all the members. President Henry Goertzhain responded, and was listened to very attentively, pointing out how the so- ciety could expand and pledged himself to see that it woiilil do so. Wra. Kettlewill. of Burlingame, also praised the society's meth- ods of holding flower shows. .John il. Daly, vice-president of the society, made an elo- quent plea for a larger membership, with- the result that there will be quite an ap- preciable increase next meeting. George Nunn amused the members with reminis- cences of the early days of the society, and was heartily applauded. The musi-al nart of the program was furnished by Arthur Bearsley. Owen O'Donuell, Harry Home- wood, Jack Atkin, Bernard O'Donnell, Frank R, Roach and .Jack Patterson, After the musical program President Goertzhain pre- sented the cups to the winners at the last Hower show. The principal ones were David liasi QEND fori ^ our 1915| Spring Catalog! \'our copy is now | waiting; for you. | E have been help- | int^- dur custom- | ers to make sue- | cessful gardens | I since the days | I o f W a s li i n g t ( I n a n d j I Jefferson, | I We ha\e learned a good | I deal, and much of what we | j have learned you will find | I in Dur "1915 book," | I It is easily the best book | I and must helpful book that | I we have ever gotten out, | I It helps both those who j I grow for pleasure and those | I who grow for profit, | i Drop us a postal today, I 1 and we will start your 1 j copy off in the next 1 I mail, j I J. M. Thorburn CS, Co. j I Established 1802 | I 530 Barclay Street, New York | I Through to 54 Park Place | ^iiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiliiiiiiliiilillillllliliinilililiiiliniiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiinur. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 311 fimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniimiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiioiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiin^ I JOSEPH MANDA \ I Orchid Specialist | I West Orange - New Jersey | ^iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii:iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii[iiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiNiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiNuiiiiP members, today we have an enthusiastic membprsliip of FTortioiiltiiral workers eoii- sistiiiL' of 2S0 active iiieiiiliers, twenty hon- orary nienihers and eight life members. De- spite tlie general depression almost univer- sally prevalent the past year, our member- ship lists were increased by the addition of twenty-one active members, one honorary member and one life member. The qnal'ty of our membershi|) is reflected at all of the most important local as well as national exhibitions, where oiu' memliersliip is always represented in all tlie principal classes and usually carry oil' many of the higliest honors. During recess the members were enter- tained by several accounts of the conven- tion of the National Association of Garden- ers of America, recently held at Philadel- phia, Pa. The banquet, leading seed ho\ises and some of the line private estates were discussed. All reported a ])leasant and prof- itable visit. The usual monthly exhibition was of marked superiority. The judges made the following awarils: For roses, Jlrs. Geo. Shawyer. from Anton Peterson, a cultural certificate, also a vote of thaidvs for a fine vase of carnations •'^Matchless." A cultural certificate to Thos. Ryan for vase of poinsettias, and vote of thanks foi a vase of carnations. Vote of thanks to Robert Gnuinert for vase of carnations ^Miite Enchantress. A. Wynne for a fine vase of carnations Sport of "Harlowarden" vote of thanks. Vote of thanks to .Tas. Foster for dis])lay of potatoes. Carman No. :i. also for vase of poinsettias and display of greenhouse grapes "Gros. Colmar." Narcissus Grand Soliel d' Or from P. W. Popp was awarded a vote of thanks. A feature of the next nu'eting will In' an illustrated lecture by an eminent authority. The subject will be. ''The Conservation and Protection of Our iligratory Birds." The sidiject is an interesting one, and we an- ticipate a good attendance. Special cash prizes will be ofi'ered for 18 cut blooms of earnations. 3 varieties, 6 blooms of each. This competition will be held at our next meeting, Januarv S, l'.(l."i. I'. \V. POPP, Corresponding Secretary. TUXEDO HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. The regular monthly meeting of the Tux- edo Horticultural Society was held in the Parish House on Decendier 2. President David Macintosh in the chair. There was a large attendance of mendiers present. The nomination of officers for 191.5 were taken. A letter was read from the secre- tary of the National Association of Garden- ers as to how they intended to proceed with the co-operation of the dilVerent horticul- tural societies. The members of this so- ciety jilcdged themselves to give this move- ment all tlie support they can in the bet- terment of gardening in g<'neral. Jlr. .James Macilachan addressed tlic meeting on flowering shrubs, it being one of the best lectures the society has had for some time. Mr. MacJLiehan did his subject justice, going very minutely into the dif- ferent species and their many varieties showing the advantages and disadvantages of massing and single planting of each kind and showing the use of some varieties, not only as flowering shrubs but also for theii fine colored foliage in the fall of the year. Mr. Mac^lachan was exteu. The ]ircsident then presented the Stumji & Wal- ter Company's cup, also the Nassau County Horticultural Society's cup (won at tlie dahlia and mum shows) to Frank Petroccia. It was decided to hold our annual dinner on January 25, 191.'). Judges for the month- ly exhibits were ^Messrs. Lewenden. Fogarty and Gladstone, and their awards were as follows; Vase of Honeyman. Twentv-fivo f) mixed carnaticuis — 1st, F Brussels sprouts — 1st. T. Twigg. One cauliflower — 1st, F. Petroccia. For exhibition of 3 cauliflowers — Certificate of culture awarded to F. Petroccia. The treasurer then read the financial re- port, which was very favorable. Election of officers being ne.xt in order. President Gant called upon Mr. Duthie to take the chair and conduct the election and installation. Resiilt of election — President Ernest \\'estlake: vice-president. James Mc- Carthy; treasurer. Ernest .T. Brown: record- ing secretary. Harry Jones; corres|iondiiig secretary. .James Gladstone; trustee for three years, James Dntliie. E.xecutive Com- mittee— Wm. Gray. James McDonald. An- gus McGregor, Geo. Ashworth. Jos. Adlcr. .John Fogartv and Uobt. Jones. JAJIES (iLADSTOXE. Corresponding Secretar.y. NORTH WESTCHESTER HORTICUL- TURAL AND AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. The twelfth annual show of the North West- chester Horticultural and .\gricultural So- ciety was held in .Mt. Kisco. N. Y., October :'.0. :]]. Xoveuiber I. ami was, as usual, up to the mark in conii>ctition as in former years. Following is a summary of the awards, the judges being Mr. Jenkins. Lenox. Mr. Angus, Chapinville. Conn.. i\Tr. A. Brill. Pawling, N. Y., and Mr. .Johnson, Glen Cove, L. L: Chrysanthemums. 12 bhiouis, oitcii ii^ incnibcrs onh- l>t. Mrs. Taylor; 2nd. F.ugene Meyer, Jr., so- ciety's cup. 12 blooms iu G varieties — 1st, Mrs. Bowen, Greemvicli, Conn., gardener, .J. Watts; 2nd, Mrs. Taylor, Mt. Kisco, A. Thomson, gar- dener; :ird, E. Meyer, Jr., Chas. Euthveu, gardener. Best collectiiui cut pompons — 1st, E. Hayer, Jit. Kisco, A. liose, gardener; 2nd, H. Park, Portchester, A. .Marshall, gardener. Best collection cut singles — 1st, Uplands, M. ,T. O'Brien, gardener; 2nd, Miss Bliss, New Canaan. Conn.. J. Broms. gardener; .Srd, J\frs. Taylor. Special Bailey Prize, best 24 chrysanthe- mum blooms, not less than 12 varieties — 1st. Mrs. Bowen; 2nd, Hobart Park; 3rd, Mrs. Taylor. Special prize. 12 ]ilants, single stems — 1st, Mrs. Neustadt. Chapjiacpia, D. Gordon, gar- dener; 2nd, Eugene Meyer. Jr.; 3rd, Mrs. Taylor. Special prize, 6 busli singles in pots — 1st, Eugene ileyer. Best specimen bush plant — Mrs. T^ewis P. Child. New Canaan, Wm. Maginnus. gar- dener. Best S ehry.santlicmuni ]ilauts, single stem — 1st, Eugene Meyer ; 2ud, Mrs. Neustadt. Roses. 12 red ro.ses — lst,Eugeiio Mover; 2nd, Ml-. Child; 3rd, Mrs. Taylor. 12 pink ro.ses— 1st, Mrs. Cliild; 2iiil, K. Meyer; 3rd, E, Bayer. 12 white roses — 1st, E. S. Baver; 2nd, :\lrs. Child. 12 anv color — 1st, Eugene Mover; 2nd. E. Bayer; 3rd. Mrs. Child. Carnations. 12 liloonis red euiiuiticuis — 1st. !Miss r.li>.<. 12 blooms white carnations — 1st. Miss Bliss; 2nd, H. Park. 12 dark pink carnations — 1st, H. Park; 2iid, Miss Bliss. 12 light pink cariiations--lst. H. Park; 2nd, Jliss Bliss. Special prize collection ornamental foliage plants— 1st. Mrs. Taylor; 2nd. Mr. IL A. S|iariiis. 6 lilants for table deeoration — 1st, H. Sparins; 2nd, H. Park. S])ecimen fern— 1st, TL Park; 2iid. Mrs. Tavlor; 3rd, H. Sparins. M. .r. O'BRIEN, Secretary. A CORRECTION. In the October issue nf the Ciiito.xrrLE an error apiieared in the report of the New .Jersey Floriculture Society's Dahlia Show, giving the name of Alfred Thomas as gardener to Mrs. Arthur .T. Jlonlton. .-Vrthnr W. .Jackson is head gardener of the Moulton estate, and was the successful winner of the first prize for a model garden. He also re- ceived cultural certificate for a display of petunias, for Celosia. "Pride of Castle Gould," Neiihrolepis and for colens in varieties. One Barrel of "Scalecide" "Will Sprey as many Trees a&Three Barrels of ' ■-- LimeSulfur__ "Scalecide" has greater invigorating effect on your orchard — kills more scale, eggs and larvae of insects with half the Inbor to apply. We can back ut this statement with facts concerning the CmiI KcsiiUs lioin Vniie V ¥ y W V u— -jr T \ LIME SULFUR LIME SULFUR LIME SULFUR "SCALECIDE" SenrI fnr our iUn-itrated booklet-'Troof of The Pudding''. Tells how "Scaledde" will positively ^^^'J^yj^^^,^,-'''^^ '''"'' Cnttony M.^plA Scale, Pear I'sylla. Leaf Roller, etc.. without injury to the irt-es. Writeloday for tbis l-Ktb. book ana also our booklet — "Spraying Siniplifietl". Our Service Department can lurnish cverylliitig you need for the orchard at prices which save you iiK.nev. 1 ell us your needs. \\> are World Di^tribjtors f-r VREELAND'S •'ELECTRO" SPRAY CHEMICALS and Arsenate ol Lead Powder (U per c-nt'. which, used wet or dry. has no equal m sir-Mi^-^h nr levtnrc. Avoid imilatioii,s. |{. ew York CHy 312 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. |niiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiinn{iiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiii;iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiii^ I BOBBINK & ATKINS | I "WORLD'S CHOICEST NURSERY AND GREEN- j I HOUSE PRODUCTS" GROWN IN AMERICA | U Several years of constant thought and effort places us in a position i ^ to fill orders for all kinds of Nursery and Greenhouse Products for Out- p ^ door Plantings and Interior Pecoratious, independent of European Im- ^ g portations. Among our many attractions yruwing in our 300 acres of = highly cuUivated Nursery are large (juautities of the fnUowing special- = EVERGREENS and CONIFERS. HARDY VINES and CLIMB- ERS. CALIFORNIA PRIVET, BER- BERIS and other Hedge Plants, and other large BOXWOOD iiaved Evergreens. DAHLIAS. CANNAS and otlier P.iilhs and Roots. FLOWERING CRAB APPLE ties ROSE PLANTS.— Hybrid Tea. Perpetual and .dher varieties. PALMS and FLOWERING PLANTS for Interior and Ex terior Decorations. SHADE TREES, FLOWERING SHRUBS and JAPANESE MA- PLES. HARDY OLD - FASHIONED PERENNIAL PLANTS. BAY TREES anil l.nrs;.' leaved decorative pl.-mts. PEONIES, German and Japan- ese IRIS, DWARF, TRAINED and OR- DINARY FRUIT TREES, STRAW- BERRY PLANTS anil other small Fruits. OUR NEW HYBRID GIANT FLOWERING MARSHMALLOW, Tile above are deseriiied and priced in our Illustrated General Catalo No. 45. mailed upon request. VISITORS arc made welcome to inspect our Products, which is very important before placing orders. "WE PLAN AND PLANT GROUNDS AND GARDENS EVERYWHERE." CORRESPONDENCE INVITED. NURSERYMEN. FLORISTS AND PLANTERS RUTHERFORD, N. J. giiiiiiiiiiiiiipiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiNiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiinniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii^ j Tree Owners and Tree Lovers j H Will find much to interest and instruct = s in the = j NEW ILLUSTRATED MAGAZINE I I "TREE TALK" | E Devoted to Arboriculture and Forestry. g 1 All about the planting, care and treatment of trees and shrubs. 1 = Accurate information about pruning, spraying and tree surgery. p E Send Fifty cents for a full year's subscription to "Tree Talk," E E Sample copies free on receipt of 2 cent stamp to cover postage. H i Published quarterly by ^ I THE FROST&B^RTLETT COMPANY I 26 Cortlandt St. (Suite 212) NEW YORK IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIUIIIIIIDIINJIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIINIIIIIIII JAPANESE CHERRY and TREES. RHODODENDRONS. English Ilardv Hylirii1>. Catawlueuse and M:i\ii)iiiia \arieties, PLANT TUBS, WINDOW BOXES, ENGLISH GARDEN FURNITURE and RUSTIC WORK, Pulverized Sheep Manur§ Fvom Big Feeding Barns *o Adulteration-NoWeed Seeds^ Tiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiniiiiniiiiiiiriiiiininiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii!iiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii]|iii]iiiriiiii!!iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii[iKiii[iiiiiii]niiiiniiiiiiii!iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii[[iiii[^ THIS mark stands for the clean- est Sheep Manure in America — no pig manure, no adulteration — nothing but Sheep Manure, dried and pulverized, and all weed seeds killed. We guarantee it alisolntely clean. Shipped in 100 lb. bags. Write for prices, delivered. NATURAL GUANO CO, 805 River St., Aurora, III. AN IDEAL FLOOR for PARK PAVILIONS and FOUNTAIN BASINS This composition floor has great merit. It is non-porous, containing no decomposing matter. Can be laid over old floors of wood, cement or iron in any thickness desired. It is absolutely waterproof and fireproof. Hard and smooth but not slippery. Ready for use in forty-eight hours after being laid. SANITARY, PERMANENT, ECONOMICAL. FOR THE HOME KITCHEN, BATH ROOM, PORCHES, SHOVS^ER BATHS Circular and Samples by request NEW YORK SANITARY FLOOR CO. 286 Fifth Avenue NEW YORK THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 313 This is the time to Spray your Fruit and Ornamental Trees with SCALINE For San Jose, Oyster Shell and all scale on trees and hardy stock. An effective remedy for red spider on The Recognized Standard Insecticide for green, black, white fly, red spider, thrips, mealy bug and soft scale. Can be used on tender plants. FUNGINE For mildew, rust and other blights. It is perfectly safe to apply to fruits and vegetables, as it is non-poisonous. An infallible remedy for rose mildew, carnation and chrysanthemum rust. VERMINE For eel, cut and wire worms working in the soil. It can be applied to all vegetation. NIKOTIANA A 12% Nicotine solution properly diluted for vaporizing, fumigating and spraying-. "40% NICOTINE" A concentrated nicotine for vapor- izing, fumigating and spraying. If you cannot obtain our products from your local dealer, send us your order with remittance and we will ship imme- diately through onr nearest agent Aphine Manufacturing Co. Manufacturers of Agricultural Chemicals MADISON, N. J. BON ARBOR Awarded Diploma and Silver Medal at 1912 Royal International Exhibition, London, Eng. BON ARBOR NO. 1 will keep your Tennis Courts and Lawns green in the hottest weather. Will grow Lettuce, Celery, Cauliflower, and anything that matures above the ground to the finest perfection. We can prove it. Bon Arbor No. 1 is put up as follows: Package making 15 gallons, by mall. .. .$0.30 Package niakfne 30 gallons, by mall 55 S lb. package making 150 gallons, exp. extra 1.80 25 lb. package making 7.50 gallons, e-xp. extra 6.25 SO lb. package making 1,500 gallons, exp. extra 12.50 100 lb. package making 3,000 gallons, exp. extra 20.00 Barrels from 250 to 300 lbs.. 18c. per lb, RADIX WORM ERADICATOR removes worms instantly from your Tennis Courts, Golf Greens, Flower Pots, etc. 2 gallons, making 200 gallons, $2.00 per gallon. I'/z gallons sufficient for Tennis Court 78 x 36 feet. ANT DESTROYER. Rid your garden and lawn of ants. It can be done in less than a week. Per lb. 6Sc,; 10 lbs., 60c. per lb.; 25 lbs., 50c. per lb. BON ARBOR CHEMICAL CO. Paterson, N. J., U. S. A. Write for descriptive catalogue, new 1912 edition. We manufac- ture also Radix Worm Eradicator, Insecticides, Weed Killer and all agricultural chemicals. Special prices on large quantities. 314 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. iiiiiiiiiiiiliiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiliiliiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiliiiiliiliNiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiililiiillu^ iiiiiiiiiini iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiNiiiiiiii I iiiiiiiiiiiiiiininiiiiiiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiniinniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii iiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii| We are now prepared to make deliveries on the " PENNSYLVANIA" POWER LAWN MOWER This Mower will meet the most exacting requirements and is in every respect a worthy member of the "PENNSYLVANIA" Quality family. May we send catalog P. M. ? \ "The Pennsylvania People" ^uppJee-BiddleHardwdFe Company PHIUADBlyPHI A, PENNSYLVANIA 1^ Senator Johnson's House at Hackensack, N. J. THE particular feature of this very attractive house to which we want to especially call your attention is, that although of curved eave construction, the usual in- adequate little wall vents are not used; but there is a full row of side ventilating sash above the sill. It has been persistently and insistently claimed by other concerns that this could not be done with a curved eave house "without making it look like a cobbled-up, botched job." It would seem from this house of Senator Johnson's that we can do it in a thoroughly practical way without detracting froin the attractiveness of the curved eave. We would like to explain to you the neat, effective way it is done. Vou are welcome to our catalog. SALES OFFICES. New York Chicago 42nd St. Bldg. Rookery Bldg. Boston Rochester Tremont Bldg. Granite Bldg. Philadelphia Cleveland Franklin Bank Bldg. Swetland Bldg. Toronto — 12 ftueen Street, East. ord^G'^urnhamQ. FACTORIES Irvington, N. Y. Des Flaines, 111. 1^ 1^ THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. A recent example of a Greenhouse and Garage combined which we erected in Gennantown, Pa., is sliovvn below. Last year we built the lirst house and the owner was so pleased with the results he obtained that he added two more houses this season. .\t the Country Lii\ i > i ni.iii. n i i \|">^iii-i( ■m ilu tliinl tl-'i ..i ilu- Grand Central Terminal. 42d St.. New York City, we have erected tor YOUR benefit a FULL SIZE GREENHOUSE where you can see. before you place your order, the many improvements which we employ in our modern Greenhouses of Quality. Our galvanized "VEE" SECTION sash bar finished in Aluminum is the last word in greenhouse construction. Write for a sample "VEE" Bar and be convinced of the superiority of our product. Lutton greenhouses are to be found in all sections of the Country. Let us tell you where the nearest one to you "is located, so that you can "ask the man who owns one" for his opinion. Gardeners all over the United States will testify to the efficiency of the Lutton type of greenhouse. WM. H. LUTTON COMPANY '^^^^^r^^'^^ JERSEY CITY, N. J. llnlimtt^li Bart^ty xxi Cups and ©rnptit^s at \\\t Knt^rnattnnal ^tor^s Unlimited because eleven great factories are constantly supplying us with the newest ideas, in designs, shapes and sizes of Sterling and Silver Plate. This is one of the reasons so many people come to the hiteimational Store to select their trophies. Whether for important or unimportant events there is so much more satisfaction in choosing from among wide selections. We are always glad to show you our great stock whether you buy or not, so come in and see us. INTERNATIONAL SILVER COMPANY SUCCEEDING The MERIDEN Co. "-« ■^^«^'/»^'^ 49-51 W. 34th St., Through to 68-70 W. 35th St., New York THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. IIIIIllllll!l!!!lll!lllllllllllllllttllllllllllllllllllllll|{||||lllll!llllllllllllllllllllli!IIOIIIiill!!^ Burpee's Seeds Grow Thirty-eight j'ears of continued selhng seeds of Burpee-Quahty has proved our incon- testable right to this truthful slogan that stands for successful farms and gardens everywhere. Burpee's Seeds are known and used with universal success in all parts of the earth. S I \m The leading American Seed Catalog is a bright book of 1 82 pages, with hundreds of il- lustrations and carefully writ- ten descriptions of vegetable and flower seeds. It tells the plain truth about Burpee - Qual- ity Seeds that Grow and is a safe guide to success in the garden. It is mailed free to everyone who asks for it. BURPEl cx u..' Philadelphia of Quality First — "to give rather than to get all that is possible," — combined with efficient service, has built the world's greatest mail-order seed business. W e deliver seeds free by parcel post and have n o t advanced prices because of the war. The House of Burpee lias introduced more distinct new varieties of vegetables and flowers than have any three other American firms. Our seeds are the result of years of careful breeding and testing upon our own seed farms in Pennsylvania. New Jersey and California. We trust that you will read our SILENT SALESMAN. A postcard will bring it, but please write today — "Lest you forget." W. Atlee Burpee & Co. Burpee Buildings Philadelphia, Pa. iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniw iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiyiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiin ■TnfSfJiofQjji'y' GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA ^LTURAl^ PARKS 8c GARDENS ILLUSTRATED THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. Speaking TO Gardeners OF Novelties AND Specialties "Westchester Pryde" Tomato. Pkt. 25c., 5 pkls. $1.00. For descriptions see Spring Catalogue. Front Cover of Catalogue the Shield that protects you New introductions for 1915 Back Cover Design Seeds for the Country Lawn Grass and Grass Seed Mi.xtures Our Specialty 'Silver King" Lettuce. Pkt. 1.5c., oz. 35r We supply many of the Largest Estates in the Country All exhibitors should give our Novelties a trial. BURNETT BROS. Kelway's Prodigy Leek. Pkt. 20c., oz. 60c., J4 lb. $2.00. Study Security and deal with us /^UR gri-'at ol)ject is to sup- ^^ ply our customers with seeds of the highest germina- tion and true to name. No stocks better, few are equal. BURNETT BROS. Vegetables grown from our seeds have gained prizes at sev- eral of the leading Local Shows. Be convinced of their Superior Quality by favoring us with a trial order. BURNETT BROS. Burnett's "Discovery" Musk Melon. Pkt. 25c. 5 pkls. $1 00. Our new Illustrated Spring Catalogue now ready — mailed free BURNETT BROS., Seedsmen 98 Chambers St., Between Bmdway tad Church St. NEW YORK THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. OUR BIG "BOOST" NUMBER The March Issue of The Gardeners' Chronicle of America Will Herald Two International Horticultural Events The International Flower Show New York, N. Y. The Panama-Pacific International Exposition San Francisco, Cal. This March issue will be full of special features to interest our readers from Coast to Coast. It will be distributed from our booth at the International Flower Show, Grand Central Palace, New York, March 15-23. 1915. The March number will offer an exceptional opportunity to our advertisers. What space shall we reserve for YOU? Advertising Forms Close on March 1st for this Special Number. THE CHRONICLE PRESS, INC. Publishers Gardeners' Chronicle of America. Editorial Offices, Madison, N. J. Advertising Offices, 286 Fifth Ave., New York. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. tfiifiK»!fiy^!fi»y;x!fixy;xKXifiy^>fiw }^ \£ !fi .-intoiiJc JJ'iufacr, the Canua JVicarJ Wintzer Summer Orchid Swastika Carinas IF you could come here to West Grove and hear Mr. Wintzer talk of his Carinas and their wondrous development, from the plain little red flowered ones to the regal urcliid-flowering kinds, yiin would not be content to go home without some. But not all of you can come to see Mr. Wintzer; but all of you can do the next best thing, and that is send for our new cata- log and make your selec- tions from it. In it, you will find all the members of Mr. Wintzer's canna family, from the shortest to the tallest — ^from the white ones, to the wondrously marked orchid kinds. When those you order from the catalog burst into bloom next Summer, you will be genuinely grateful to us for urging you to make such selec- tions. THE CONARD & JONES CO. Swastika Brand Cannas WEST GROVE, PA. Efi ^IfiK^ifilfiWyibfiXbfitfihRy^lfiKXlfiW^ S«« iiiiininiiiiiiinniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiini All Varieties Thoroughly Tested IT is the policy of Jas. Car- ter & Co. to thoroughly test every strain of flower or vegetable. Not until satis- factory results are shovsn by actual growing are they listed in the Carter Catalog. That is why Carters Tested Seeds are so reliable and true to description. If you have not examined the 1915 Carter Catalog — American Edition — write at once for your copy. Tested = "The Seeds with a Pedigree,' CARTERS TESTED SEEDS. INC. Ill Chamber of Commerce Bldg.. Boston. Mass. Branch at Seattle. Wash. In Canada — 133 King St. E.. Torcnto. Branch of Jas. Carter & Co., Raynes Park, England. ^llilllllll[Illllllllllll1Nlll1llllllllll)lll!lllllll[llllllllNNINIINNIIINIIIIIIll|lll^ i Gladiolus "America^' I The immense spikes and flowers can be forced with- out difficulty, yielding a handsome profit to the grower. The spikes are from 2 to 3 feet long, bearing ex- tra large blooms of ex- quisite lavender-pink. Mammoth Bulbs. 6 inches and up, 40 cents per doz., $3 per 100, $25 per 1,000. Send your order early for extra choice stock. Get our 1915 Catalogue of Vegetable and Flower Seeds — free to all who ask for it. I WEEBER & DON I SEED MERCHANTS i j 114 Chambers St., New York City | illlllllllllll IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIINIIIIINIIIIIIlllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllinilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllNtlllllllllil^ ^iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiminiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiN We Design and Furnish Plans for the Finest Landscape Work If you are contemplating any ex- tensive park or estate planting com- municate witli us on your requirements. (3ur Nursery is located at Scarbor- ough, N. Y., near the railroad station, comprising over fifty acres, and con- tains one of the choicest and rarest col- lections of shrubs and trees , in the country. We have been awarded for the last three years, by the Horticul- tural Society of New York, FIRST PRIZE FOR THE FINEST AND LARG- EST COLLECTION OF HARDY SHRUBS AND TREES. We will take pleasure in sending our catalogue on request. F. R. PIERSON COMPANY Main Office and Post Office, Tarrytown, N. Y. Telephone, Tarrytown 48 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 5 ^ iiiiiiiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiii Hiiiiiiii will I n iiiiiiii iini I iiiiiiii iiiiiiii niiiiiiiiiiniiiiii ig fn i iiiniiiiii iiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiim in iiiiiii nil iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii iiinuiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii = Incorporated 1911 ANDREW K. KENNEDY. Pres. and Treas. JOHN SCHEEPERS & CO., Inc. 2 STONE STREET KENNEDY & HUNTER SEEDSMEN IF YOU HAVE NOT RECEIVED OUR 1915 CATALOG, WRITE FOR IT NOW NEW > ORK I 156 West 34th Street One hlock from Penna. Station New York FOR HIGHEST GRADE BULBS f^llllllllllllllllllllllllllllUIIIIIIIUIIIIIIIIIIIIINIIIIIIIIIMIIIIIIIUIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIBIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII^ Illlllllllllllllllllllir IIIIIIIIIIIIIUIIIIIIIIIIIIIIUIIIINIUIIIIIIIIIIIinlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllUIIIUIIIIIINIII^ I Competent Gardeners | I ^ The comforts and products ol a country home ore | 1 increased by employing a competent gardener : i( you | j wont to engage one, write to us. j I q Please give particulars regarding place and soy | j whether married or single man is wanted. We have | I been supplying them lor years to the best people j I everywhere. No lee asked. I I PETER HENDERSON & CO. | 1 Seedsmen a.nd Florists j I 33 and 37 Cortlandl St. NEW YORK CITY j QiuimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiN^ I "ONLY THE BEST" | liiiiiiiiiiiu'iiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii iiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiuiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiN iiiiiimniiiiiniiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiim^ MEEHANS' Handbook | of Hardy Plants | is now ready for you 1 A prjtcticsil ;?iiide for the ;;artIfnor — uiiliUf ;ni.\ m Iht t-ataluy;. ^ Over a iinniln-fl pages, pi'dfiisely illiistrated. Ih-snilu-s iminy new = i\\v\ rare plants. ^ t'luitains s|.pci:il (U'p:ti-t iiiunls dovotfil tii jilants stiti;:ostc'(I lur ^ special piir|ios4'S aud nctt-s low prices (ui laiL'ir (piaiitities — siin- ^ piilyiug your purchasing piulilems. ^ Shall we send you a copy. Free? Write us today = THOMAS MEEHAN & SONS | Pioneer Nurserymen of America M Box 65, Germantown, Phita. = CHRYSANTHEAUAS Did you know that we sell more 'Mum plants than any other house in the world, and liave done so for some years? Why? Because, we keep ahead of date and our introductions are always the prize winners, such sorts as Wni. Turner, Converse, Beatrice May, Mcudon, Lloyd Wigg, Drexel, etc.. etc., having I)een distributed by us. We introduced the Singles, now so popular, and in nur Novelties in this section for this year are .some splendid sorts. We also popularized the Early Flowering varieties and opened up the way for thousands to enjoy the Chrysanthemum, wdio do not have a greenhouse. ^^^I^^^^^^P m P^^^^i^^!^^^! -'X m ''■tm k^kvi^dHIH^^iiAk^? "^1 SI ^^^^I^H Send for our complete list if you did not receive a copy. Charles H. Totty Madison, N. J. EXCELSIOR GOLDEN MENSA ■W. BUCKINGHAM THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. We were awarded a Gold Medal for our display of Sweet Peas at the American Sweet Pea Society's Exhibition. Museum of Natural History, New York City, June 27th and 2Sth, 1914. THE BEST NOVELTY SPENCER SWEET PEAS FOR 1915 BOADICEA. A giant opal pink, delicately suffused pale cattleya mauve. The flowers are of great size and substance, and beautifully waved; a very strong grower, and always abundance of four bloom sprays. A gem for exhibition. (Very scarce.) Pkt. 30 cts.T 4 for $1.00. BOBBIE'S FRILLED PINK. One of the most charming Sweet Peas ever raised. It is a Duplex form of Countess Spencer at its best. A distinct novelty, which will amply repay a little extra care. Pkt. 25 cts.; S for $1.00. ' DON ALVAR. Grown side by side with all the best lavenders. Don Alvar was acknowledged by experts to be the best lavender yet seen. There is no dif- ficulty in getting four and five flowered sprays. (Seed scarce.) Pkt. 30 cts.: 4 for $1.00 HELEN PIERCE SPENCER. Now fixed in true Spencer form. It is a most attractive flower and re- minds one of a blue mottled Gloxinia. The ground color is white marbled and penciled with bright blue in thin lines on both wings and standard. The vines are vigorous and produce an al)undance of strong stems, carrying invariably four large blossoms. Pkt. 25 cts.: 5 for $1.00. JESSIE CUTHBERTSON SPENCER. Those grow ers who like a good stripe in their collection — and one or two are necessary in every collection — will welcome this grand addition. In the days of popu- lar Grandifloras Jessie Cuthbertson was the favor- ite stripe, and our efforts to produce a Spencer form of this variety have now been rewarded with a fine large vigorous flower. The ground color is rich cream overlaid with stripes and marblings of bright rose pink. Both standard and wings are alike col- ored and the whole effect is bold and pretty. Pkt. 25 cts.: 5 for $1.00. MARGARET ATLEE. This was a leading novelty last year and it has proved to be a great favorite. The color is warm salmon pink, perfectly suffused over a cream ground. The cream deepens into bright buff at base of standard and wings and this lights up the flower with great effect. The shade of pink found in Margaret Atlee is entirely a new shade and commands admiration. The flowers are of extraordinary size and many flowers measure two and one-half inches across the standard. This variety bears a large proportion of duplex flowers, which greatly adds to its effectiveness. Margaret Atlee gained a Certificate of Merit from the American National Sweet Pea Society. Silver Medal, National Sweet Pea Society of Great Brit- ain, July, 1914. Pkt. 25 cts.; 5 for $1.00. MONTESUMA. This is considered to be a great im- I'riivement on Senator Spencer. The flowers are a more pleasing color, being striped with reddish maroon, the base of the standard showing a touch of orange: a good grower, producing four flowered sprays in abundance. Pkt. 30 cts.; 4 for $1.00. NEW MARGARET MADISON. In New Margaret Madison we have a greatly improved strain of the popular lavender color found in our variety Mar- garet Madison. The size of the blossom has been almost doubled and the form of the flower is now all that could be wished for in a Spencer Sweet Pea. The color, too, is daintier and prettier and is as near a true lavender as one could wish. The vines are very vigorous and the bold flowers are borne on long, stout stems and usually four blossoms to each stem. New Margaret Madison and New Miriam Beaver make a delightful soft color combination. Pkt. 25 cts.; 5 for $1.00. NEW MIRIAM BEAVER. Many and varied are the shades of pink in Sweet Peas, but in New Miriam Beaver we have an entirely new and dis- tinct shade of pink. It is the daintiest and most pleasing shade of pink yet discovered in Sweet Peas. The color is hard to determine, but we think that a soft shell salmon pink on cream ground lightly overlaid with soft liydrangea pink would convey a good idea of its uniqueness. The color is evenly distributed over both stand- ard and wings and is very light and pretty. The flowers are large, nicely waved — often du- plexed— and beautifully placed on long stout stems. All other pinks look "heavy" beside this delight- ful shade. New Miriam Beaver will be the ladies' favorite wherever Sweet Peas are grown. Pkt. ZS cts.: 5 for $1.00. NORVIC. This is one of the largest flowered and best strains of White Spencer Sweet Pea yet intro- duced. The blooms, which are of extraordinary size, are exceptionally well waved. It is quite fixed in character. Pkt. 20 cts.; 6 for $1.00. ORANGEMAN. A very fine large-flowered variety of true Spencer form. Color a rich, deep orange, beautifully waved. A very strong grower and equally good for both exhibition and market. Pkt. 20 cts.': 6 for $1.00. ROBERT SYDENHAM. (Holmes.) One of the niiist individual cf>lors introduced into the modern Sweet Pea. It is a bright orange salmon self-col- ored, rather lighter tlian the Stirling Stent and deeper than Melba or Barbara. It is of immense size and owing to its soft texture needs a little shading during the middle of the day. It is a grand acquisition and created a great sensation when ex- hibited at the Great Annual Exhibition in London. Pkt. 20 cts.; 6 for $1.00. ROSINA. One of the largest Sweet Peas yet intro- duced. The standard and wnngs are a bright rosy heliotrope, with a distinct wire edge of solferino red on a cream ground, which is particularly effect- ive and distinct from anything seen in Sweet Peas. On account of its pleasing and taking color, it has been greatly admired wherever exhibited, and is sure to be a very popular variety. Besides being such a vigorous grower, the flowers are of extraordinary size and well frilled of the true Spen- cer type, with abundance of four and five flowered sprays: will make a striking bunch for exhibition. Rosina was the leading novelty that helped to win the Silver Cup for new varieties at the National Sweet Pea Society 1913 Show. Pkt. 30 cts.; 4 for $1.00. ROYAL PURPLE. This we consider the best Nov- elty seen last year. It was shown at the National and other Shows by Mr. R. Wright of Formby. and attracted a lot of attention on account of its fine royal purple color, great distinctness, and size. Dur- ing 1914 it has more than maintained the high opinion we formed of it last year, and has been very generally admired. Awards of Merit, Royal Horticultural Society and National Sweet Pea Society, 1914. Pkt. 25 cts.; 5 for $1.00. VEILED BRIDE. This is a charming novelty, and is now perfected and fixed. The ground color is white, daintily flaked and marbjed with soft rose pink. The wings and standard are alike colored. The form of the flower is all that could be desired, the standard being nicely waved, round and bold. When a bunch of this variety is gathered one must call it "Sweet." the delicate markings of pink being daintiness itself. Pkt. 25 cts.; 5 for $1.00. Collection one packet each above 15 varieties ..$3.50 3 Collections 10.00 This offer may be used as an order sheet. Check off the varieties or collections you require and mail at your convenience Name Gardener's Name P. O. County State Ai-thut- T. Boddington, Seedsman, 3A^2 VA/est l^th St , INevi/ YorK City THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. aiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiinimiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiimiiiniiiiiiiiiiiriiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiimiiiiiifliiiiniiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimii iisiii iiiiiiiiiiiiimiiii| Ervergreen Trees I There is nothing- nmre heauliful or dec- | I orative abmU the cnumr_\- estate, public | I and private parks than the Evergreen. | I It is attractive both suninier and winter, | I and is always admired. | I We make a specialty of strong, healthy nursery | I stock and can furnish all varieties (if Trees, Plants and SHrubs = Visit our nurseries, where we have at all times a most interesting ^ i display, or send for booklet on Hardy Trees and Shrubs. ^ = Greenhouse Plants and Orcliids. s JULIUS ROEHRS CO. | Exotic Ntirseries pi Rutherford New Jersey B Fiililii{liiliiiii:iii:iii:i:i:i:i:i::::: ii!iiiiiniinii)i!ii:iiii:iNi[iiiiiiiii;in!:iii[inii:iiii!ii[!iini[iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii!Niiiiii[iiii[|iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiNn^ DREER'S GARDEN BOOK FOR 1915 iMilarned to 272 pages and handsomely il- lustrated with hundreds of photo-engravings, four lieautiful colored plates, four duotone plates and gives many cultural notes written by experts. It is brimful of information valuable to both amateur and professional gardeners. DREER'S GARDEN BOOK is indispens- able to every one interested in gardening and ofifers the newest Roses, best varieties of Dahlias, and largest assortment of Hardy Perennials. Aquatic Plants, Bedding Plants, etc., als(5 Flower. \"egetable and Farm Seeds, Lawn (irass Seeds. Tools. Implements and e\'er\thing else required tVir successful gar- dening. Write today for a copy, FREE and please mention this Publication. HENRY A. DREER 714-716 Chestnut Street Philadelphia, Pa. A \ FTER Thanksgiving the Private Gardener needs cut flovs^ers. Bulbs haven't started to floorer. The big 'Mums are gone, and Roses are coming for Christmas. ^ Fill in the gap with the late pink Sin- gle Chrysanthemum, Mrs. E. D. God- trey, and the bronze sport of Mrs. Godfrey, Miss Isabelle. Both varie- ties are w^elcome additions to the list for the Private Gardener and the Com- mercial Grower. ^ Our list of Single and Pompon va- rieties includes the very best of these types. ^ In exhibition 'Mums we offer all of Smith's novelties and the best of the older sorts. OUR CATALOG GIVES DESCRIPTIONS AND PRICES Order your chrysanthemums from ANPlEl^ON INC Cromwell Carpens Cromwell Conn MRS. E. D. GODFHET, ^ THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. Sri|0 Cont^nts—lfanuary, 1915 The Relation of Birds to Parks L. P. Jensen 9 Orchid Notes 10 Problems of Reforestation Arthur Sni//? 1 1 Vegetables from the Home Gardens W. N. Craig I 2 Practical Tree Surgery J. Franklin Collins 1 5 Panama-Pacific International Exposition . .17 Work for the Month of February . . .18 Some 1915 Chrysanthemum Novelties . .19 Begonia Gloire De Lorrame . . . .19 Chas. McTaggart 20 Distorting the Facts . . . . .21 Starting Small and Delicate Seeds . . .21 The Fuel Value of Coal . . . .21 Last Fall's Exportation of Holland Bulbs . 2 1 The Poplar Tree's Soliloquy . .21 Brookside Gardens, Great Barrington, Mass. . 22 Editorial 24 National Association of Gardeners . . .25 Among the Gardeners . . . .26 American Association of Park Superintendents 27 Park Department Personals . . .27 Seattle's Recreation System /. W. Thompson 28 Permanent Policy in Park Management De- sirable . . . . E. T. Mische Park Institute of New England Preliminary Schedule, American Sweet Pea Society ..... Lectures in Boston .... Queries and Answers .... Snapdragon Rust .... The Late John Munson Holland Nursery Stock Not Impaired New York Florists' Club National Association Directory Local Societies' Directory Gardeners' Diary .... New Bedford, Mass., Horticultural Society Tuxedo, N. Y., Horticultural Society Oyster Bay, N. Y., Horticultural Society American Rose Society ... Connecticut Horticultural Society . New Jersey Floricultural Society Westchester and Fairfield, Conn., Horticultura Society ..... Tarrytown, N. Y., Horticultural Society . North Shore, Mass., Horticultural Society 30 31 32 32 33 33 33 33 34 35 35 36 36 36 36 36 37 37 37 38 38 Stumpp & Walter Co.'s Catalog Our 1915 Spring Catalog will be mailed to you on request, if you IxecOe not already received a copy. Man)) rJew ana Exnibition ■>?arieties of Flower ana Vegetable Seeds are offered. Farnn and Grass Seeds are also a feature. Cannas, Dahlias, and Gladioli — tne best varieties to date. ^tmw^(Jj!(itief& 30-32 Barcla}? St. New York GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA THE OFFICIAL ORGAN OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF GARDENERS Devoted to the Science of Floriculture and Horticulture. THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PARK SUPERINTENDENTS. Devoted to Park Development and Recreaticnal Facihiies. \'..i. \1\. lAXL'AkV, I'll: The Relation of Birds to Parks By L. P. Jensen, Missouri. The rai)itl iliniinishing of our f(in..st areas, and the ex- tensive cutting out of, and destruction of, undergrowth in the remainmg woods, leave few places for the nesting and protection of our valuable native birds. We are be- ginning to realize that the value of our birds is not only an aesthetic one, vis : their beautiful song and wonderful color, which alone would be sufficient reason for their preservation and protection, but a question of unusual economic importance. When we look into the reports telling of the destruc- tion caused by insects injurious to vegetation, and come to realize what a large number of obnoxious insects are exterminated by even one pair of insectivorous birds dur- ing a single season, the question of their protection be- comes of vital importance to all of us. Foremost and among the ones particularly fitted to take up this missionary work of protection and preserva- tion of our beautiful and valuable feathered denizens of the air, water, woodlands and meadows, are the superin- tendents of public and private parks, estates and reserva- tions, because the increase in number of insectivorous birds may mean the saving of many species of trees and other plants, on which the value of our parks and wood- lands in a large measure depends. It is not a hard nor expensive proposition to greatly in- crease the number of birds, in any given locality, wdien we once realize that the birds will stay wherever the con- ditions are such that suitable nesting places, food and water are to be found. The preservation of our native plants in their natural environments, the encouraging of undergrowth in our woodlands, the prevention of destruction of native plants in places not adapted to agriculture, and the replanting of waste land created by thoughtless destruction of native plants, is a work which the park and estate superintend- ent is particidarlv fitted to perform and encourage. The accomplishment of this work would mean: First, the preservation of the wonderful scenic beauty of our country ; second, the increase of our useful native birds, and third, through the increase of birds, a decrease of obnoxious insects, not to speak of the protection of nu- merous species of mammals, now on the verge of ex- tinction. Tlie following list, giving the nesting places of some of our common useful liirds, may be of value as a guide to those who wish to attract them, by providing or preserv- ing proper conditions for the establishing of their homes, which is the first and most important step to be taken, if we wish to have them remain and increase in number : Birds which build their nests in deciduous trees: Red- ex ed \'irco, warbling vireo, yellow-throated vireo, cedar waxwing, scarlet tanager, American goldfinch, Baltimore oriole, orchard oriole, wood pewee, kingbird, humming- bird, robin, morning tlove, and herons. To these we may add most of those which build in boxes, who generally build their nests in hollow trees and cavities. Birds which build their nests in shrubs and low trees: Brown thrasher, catl.)ird, \ellow warbler, American red- start, rosebreasted grosbeak, least flycatcher, cuckoos, indigo bird, chipping sparrow, tree sparrow, wood thrush and red-winged blackbird. Birds which build their nests in coniferous trees: Golden-crowned kinglet, black-throated green warljler, myrtle warbler, purple finch and blackbirds. Birds which build their nests on the ground, or very near the ground : Wilson thrush, owen bird, black and white warl)ler, towhee, partridge, song sparrow, slate- colored junco. field sparrow, meadow lark, quail, bobo- link, pheasant, spotted sandpiper, woodcock, nighthawk, whippoor-will. bank swallow and rail. As tidiness and the health of woodlands often demand cutting out of trees containing hollows and cavities suit- able as nesting places for some of our most valuable in- sectivorous birds, it becomes essential to provide artificial nesting places for them. I'arniers' Ihdletin Xo. 609, "Bird Houses and How to Build Them," by Xed Dearborn, gives detail informa- tion about the construction of bird houses, to suit the habit of the various species, and those who desire to build their own bird houses are referretl to this publication, which may be obtained free from the Division of Publica- tions of the L'nited States Department of Agriculture, \\'ashington, D. C. \'arious kinds of bird houses are manufactured and may be purchased ready made. For the sake of their appearance in the landscape, bird houses should be constructed of material in harmony with the scene, of which, when placed, they become a part, and be as inconspicuous as possible. The following birds will l)uild their nests in boxes or liird houses: The bluebird, robin, chickadee, tufted tit- mouse, white-brea.=ted nuthatch, dipper, tree swallow, barn swallow, martin, song sparrow, phaebe, crested fly- catcher, flicker, woodpecker, screech owl. barn owl, and wood duck. Modern architecture leaves few nesting places for those birds which formerly inhabited the barns and buildings of the earh- settlers, whose construction provided many hollows for the homes of phaebes, barn swallows and clifif swallows. The modern designer of park structures 10 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. ought to provide some accommodation for these valuable insect exterminators. For those birds which come early in the season, be- fore an abundance of their natural food is to be found, or for those which remain with us during the winter, when snow and ice cut off their natural food supply, food must be provided, if we wish them to stay, or they will migrate to places where food is to be found, or perish. Suet should be hung on the branches of trees and seeds, grain or other suitable food placed where it may be found by the birds. Boxes' may be made or bought for this purpose. Berry- bearing trees and shrubs should be planted in abundance wherever possible for the accommodation of the birds, as well as for their aesthetic value of brightening the land- scape in winter and summer. Coniferous trees are valuable to protect the birds from cold anti from their enemies. Where the natural supply of water is not abundant ii should be liberally provided. Shallow pans are valuable for this purpose. The most serious enemies of the birds are : First — The small boy with a rifle. He should be con- verted by education. Second — The stray cat. Should be exterminated. Third — The English sparrow. Should be caught by traps and utilized as food. Fourth — The red squirrel. Should be kept checked so as not to become too numerous. The gray squirrel should not be considered as an enemy of birds ; in most localities the gray squirrel needs protection from extermination. Hawks, owls and other birds of prey should not be con- demned, for while they undoubtedly do some damage, this damage is generally more than repaid by their per- petual destruction of mice, rats, shrews, moles, rabbits, weasels and English sparrows. Societies such as The American Association of Park Superintendents, The Society of American Florists, The National .\ssociation of Gardeners, and others, whose object is the protection of plants from the ravages of in- sects, and their cultivation for ornamentation and use, should have committees on bird protection. It is not the object of the writer to go very deeply into this interesting, useful and fascinating subject, but an attempt to induce the reader to take a hand in this work, the success of which needs the personal efTort of a'l thoughtful persons. The following list of a few of the best books on this subject may be of value : E. H. Forbush, "Useful Birds and Their Protection," published by the Massachusetts State Board of Agricul- ture, Boston, Mass. "Bird Houses and How to Build Them," by Ned Dear- born, Farmers" Bulletin No. 609, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. \Vm. H. Hornaday, "Our X'anishing Wild Life." Pub- lished by the New York Zoological Society. Chester A. Reed, "Bird Guides." published bv Double- day, Page & Co., Garden City, N. Y. A'aluab'le for the identification of birds. ORCHID NOTES. It has been almost a century since Cypripedium insigne was first introduced; now it is as common as it is old. The cultivation of it is comparatively simple or it would not survive the very rough treatment that this orchid often receives. Somehow C. insigne always seems to be in the way, consequently, they must be moved from place to place to make room for some plants that are thought to be of more importance for the time being, and eventu- ally they are carried out of doors to be placed in cold frames for the summer, says a contributor to Tlie Ameri- can Florist. There certainly is no need for treating cypripediums roughly considering the attention they require and the space they occupy ; any neglect of needed attention is shown by the flowers produced, only too often are they kept in the summer quarters too long, or placed in a very cool greenhouse for the sole purpose of retarding the flowers, which only results in securing a crop of useless short-stemmed blooms. There are quite a number of the green-l.eaved cypripediums that are gooil for florists' use, but in addition to the above variety, C. Leeanum, C. Xitens and C. Villosum are best for winter use, and with only ordinary watchfulness will thrive in a cattleya house, and they will also succeed in a house suitable for carna- tions providing they are given sufficient shade during summer. This they need under any considerations ; either permanent shading on the glass, or l]lin(ls of some de- scri]ition. Py Courtesy of .^'HcriVoH Florist. V.\SE OF CYPRIPEDIUMS .\Xn .\SPAR.\GUS, These terrestrial orchids do not require repotting very often, for the finest flowers are procured from pot bound plants, but when potting does become necessary, use a compost of solid lumps of peat,, fibrous loam and sphag- num moss in equal parts. The pots need to be filled quar- ter full of broken crockery for drainage, and see that the plants are not set too deep into the pots (the base of the leaves should be level with the top of the pot ) , place the compost firmly round the plant, water sparingly for some time afterwards, but spray them often, and keep the sur- roundings damp to maintain a nice growing atmosphere at all times. The summer flowering varieties such as C. Lawrenceanum, C. barbatum and C. callosum, with many others have mottled leaves and they require a little warm- er treatment than those having green leaves. Problems in Reforestation By Arthur Smith, Pennsylvania. Reforestation problems (li\i-icau Forestry. A large limb should never be removed by sawing through from the upper side, as this usually strips the bark and wood below the scar. The proper way is to make the first saw cut on the under side, from six inches to a foot beyond the point where the final cut is to be made. It should reach from one-fourth to one- half through the liml>. A good time to stop cutting is when the saw becon:es pinched in the cut. The second cut is made on the ujipcr side of the limb, an inch or two beyond the first one. This is continued until the limb fails. After the limb has fallen, a third cut is made close to the trunk and in line with its woody surface. When nearl}- sawed through, the stub must be supported until com])letely severed, so as to avoid any possibility of stripping the bark below as it falls. The first and second cuts to prevent stripping may be omitted when small limbs which can be held firmly in place until com- pletely severed are being cut. \\ hen the scar is not naturally pointed above and be- low, it is a good practice on most trees to remove a short triangular piece of bark from the upper edge of the scar and another from the lower edge, so as to anticipate its dying back at these points. This makes the scar pointed at both ends, the most favorable shape for healing. It is in^portant that some good shellac be applied with a suitable brush over the edge of the bark, especially the cambium, immediately after the cut is made. If the scar is a large one, it is a good plan to use the knife for one or two minutes and then shellac the freshly cut surfaces, repeating the operation until all the bark around the scar has l)een shellacked. The full Ijenefit of the shellac will not be achieved if many minutes elapse between the cutting and the shellacking, unless the freshly cut sur- faces are visibly moist with sap. If necessary, the woody surface of the scar may now be smoothed off vyith a chisel and mallet to conform in general shape with the tree trunk. It is bad practice to leave a stub projecting from a trunk. Tlie final operation is to sterilize and waterjiroof the surface of the exposed wood and bark. For this purpose manv preparations have been used. Recent extensive tests by specialists in timber preservation indicate that some of the creosotes stand far ahead of all other tested preparations in their power to destroy and prevent the growth of certain wood-destroying fungi and that ordinary creosote, ahhough it does not head the list, is far better than other preparations except some of the less known and less available creosotes. Furthermore, creosote penetrates the wood better than a \yatery anti- septic. In using commercial creosote, it can be applied with an ordinary paint brush over every part of the ex- posed wood. The entire shellacked and creosoted sur- face must finally be waterproofed liy painting it with heavy coal tar. A single application of a mixture of creosote and coal tar (about one-fourth or one-third creo- sote) .has been quite extensively used with good results. Although one coating of this mixture may at times be sufficient, it is always safer to follow it with a heavy coat of coal tar. Permanent waterproofing can be secured only when the treated surfaces are watched from year to >ear and recoated when an\- tendency to crack or peel is observed. This is an important step, which is almost invariably neglected by tree owners and tree surgeons. During the last few years there has been a widespread THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 13 popular interest in the treatment of decayed places in old ■trees. This t,vpe of work can be regarded as comprising .three essential operations : ( 1 ) Removing all decayed and diseased matter, (2) sterilizing and vvaterprooting all cut surfaces, and (3) filling the cavity in a manner that will favor rapid healing and exclude rot-prdducing ■organisms. The necessary tools for digging out decayed matter are few. As a rule, two outside-ground socket-handled gouges (one with a curved cutting edge of about three- fourths of an inch and the other, perhaps, one and one- half inches), a chisel, a mallet, a knife, and an oilstone are sufficient for ordinary w ork. The gouges, chisel, and "knife should never be used near the cambium when they lack a keen edge, as dull tools will injure it. In cutting- out deep cavities, longer interchangeable handles for the gouges may be necessary. Usually an old decayed spot may be partially or wholly ■covered by a new growth of wood and bark at the edges and the visible decayed area be small as compared with that which is hidden. In such cases it is usually neces- sary to enlarge the opening with the gouges and mallet in ■order to make sufficient room in which to use the gouges in the interior. This opening should be sufficiently long to reach all the decayed and diseased hcartwood with little or no additional injury to the tree. If the decayed and diseased wood extends some dis- tance above or below the external opening, it is a com- mon practice to cut one or more holes above or below the main opening in order to facilitate the removal of the ■diseased wood. This results in one or more bridges of wood and bark spanning the long interior cavity. This practice is of doubtful value, partly because it is often impossible to see whether the diseased wood has been ■entirely removed from the under side of the bridges, but n^ainly because there is a strong tendency in most trees for the bark and sapwood of the bridges to die and decay as a result of severing the sap-conducting tubes both above and below. If the holes are pointed above and below, there is less trouble from this source. .\ prac- tice that permits a more thorough cleaning out of the cavitv is to make a narrow opening, pointed at both ends and sufficiently long to include all the diseased wnod. This often extends some distance above and below the visible discolored area. The most important feature of this stage of the work is to remove all the diseased and insect-eaten wood. This excavating must contiiuie on all sides of the cavity until sound, uninfected wood is reached. .^11 discolored or water-soaked heartwood should be removed, as this is "the region in which the rot-producing fungus is nnjst active. Another important point to be borne in mind in sha])- ing a cavity that is to be filled is to have the sides under- cut if possible, so as to hold the filling firmly in place. Care must be taken, however, not to have the wood at the edges of the opening verv thin, as this promotes the drying out of the bark and sapwood at these points. Ordinarilv the edges should be at least tliree-fourths of an inch thick : an inch and a half would be better. Great care must be exercised in working around the cambium, and all cutting tools must be kept very sharp. The final cutting along the edges of the bark and sap- wood can usually best be made with a very sharp knife. This cutting nuist be followed immediately by a coating of shellac, which shotdd cover the edges of both bark and sapwood. Refore cementing a long cavity it is advisable to place through it one or more bolts, so as to hold the wood and cen^ent more firmly in place. A cavity two feet or less in length will not usually require a bolt, but long cavities. as a general rule, should be bolted every 18 to 24 inches. Oftentimes a single bolt can be placed so as to support both sides. In certain cavities it may be necessary to place bolts at different angles. In any case a strip of uninjured cambium at least an inch wide should be left between the edge of the cavity and the bolt. On medium- sized trunks, after deciding where the bolts can most efficiently be placed, a very sharp half-inch bit, sufficiently long to reach through the trunk and cavity, can be used to bore the hole for the bolt. On large, heavy trunks a larger bit should be used. Heavy oval or round iron or steel washers, about three times the diameter of the bolt, should be countersunk into the wood by carefully cutting away the bark at both ends of the hole with a sharp gouge or chisel. All split cavities must be securely bolted, particularly near the upper part. If the split comes from a crotch, all decayed and diseased wood should be removed from the sjilit and creosote and tar applied, after which it can be bolted just beneath the crotch, so as to close the crack or at least bring the parts back to their normal position in case decayed matter has been excavated from the crack. If the split is a recent one, a washing of creosote only will usually be sufficient before drawing the sides together with bolts. Under certain conditions, particularly in large trees, it may be necessary to use a rope and tackle blocks to pull the limbs together some distance above the crotch, in order to properly close the crack before bolting it If the cavity has a comparatively large opening or has little or no undercutting, it is the custom to drive flat- headed wire nails into the wood in the interior in order to hold the cement filling firmly in place. In medium- sized cavities nails two and a half or three inches long are usually driven into the wood for about half their length. After the decayed and diseased matter has been com- pletely excavated and the edges of the sapwood and bark shellacked, the next step is to sterilize the interior of the cavity in order that all germs of disease or decav which are present may be killed and that any which may come in. contact with the cut surfaces during subsequent opera- tions may be destroyed. As already stated, creosote ap- pears to be one of the best preparations to use. Every cut part of the wood and bark must be creosoted, and over this a heavy coating of tar or hot asphalt should be applied before the cavity is filled. .'\ good grade of Portland cement and clean, sharp sand free from loam ( 1 part of cement to 3 or less of sand) should be used. A quantity of dry cement and sand sufficient to fill the cavity should be thoroughly mixed before the requisite amount of w^ater to make a rather stiff mortar is added and the whole mixture worked to an even consistency. In large cavities fine gravel free from loam is sometimes substituted for the sand. For placing the mixtiu'e in the cavity a mason's flat trowel and an ordinary garden trowel witii a curved blade will lie found convenient. .-X. tamping stick, 1 or 2 inches thick and 1 to 3 feet long, according to the size of the cavity, will be needed ; also some rocks and a pail of water if the cavity is a large one. A layer of cement 2 or 3 inches deep can now be placed in the bottom of the cavity with the garden trowel and tamped firmly in place.' This operation is repeated until the cement is 8 to 12 inches thick. W'et rocks of various sizes may be em- bedded in the cement provided they do not reach within an inch or twii of its outer face. If the mixture is too wet. it will tend to run out of the cavity under the opera- tion of tamping. If too little water has been used, it will not pack down iiromptly. The top of the 8 to 12-inch (Continued on page 20.) Vegetables From the Home Garden By W. N. Craig, ••■ Massachusetts. Horticulture has its full share in the ceaseless activ- ity of the present age. Changes in the vegetable gar- den, the varieties grown, and methods of culture shoAv just as great changes as are to be witnessed in the present improved methods of locomotion, lighting or sanitation. There have been, within the last twenty- five years, particularly striking improvements in po- tatoes, peas, tomatoes, beans, and in fact, all standard vegetables. There are now practically no periods in the year, even in midwinter, when a good assortment of vegetables, either of greenhouse or Southern out- door culture, is not obtainable. We hear much nowadays of trusts, and the high cost of living is dwelt on, not only here, but in prac- tically every civilized community on earth, and a late President suggested an international tribunal to con- sider the causes of high prices and suggest remedies. Perhaps the most practical remedy which could sug- gest itself would be for more families to plant fruits and vegetables in their home gardens. The European countries are far in advance of us in this respect ; there, every workingman who has the least ambition, rents a piece of ground if he has none attached to his home, and grows a fine variety of vegetables ; in Great Britain, large numbers of workmen even have small greenhouses in their gardens, in which to grow a few fiowers and early vegetables, and start their seedlings in. It should be possible for many to have modest greenhouses here ; they need not necessarily be heated through the winter, but utilized for starting early plants for the home garden, both flowers and vege- tables. Where a greenhnuse is not possible, it does not cost much to have a cold frame with two or more sashes, which can be used as hot-beds for starting to- matoes, celery, lettuce, egg plants, cabbages and other plants. It is simply astounding that so many residents in these United States prefer to buy their vegetables the year through, wdien they, in many cases, have facilities for raising the same at home. We see manv fine homes with their lawns and shrubs, veritable Queen Anne fronts, but too often, alas ! what we might say, "Mary Ann" backs. For it is too true that beyond collections of junk, ashes, and other rubbish, what might be in many cases a garden of utilit^■ is onlv an eyesore. Vegetable gardens should always, if ])ossil)le, be made where they can get a warm, sunny exposure; if sloping south the crops will be earlier, but this is not essential. Vegetables will grow well in almost any soil in which water does not stand. Such soils re- quire drainage to produce good crops ; drainage warms as well as sweetens the soil. The best manure for nearly all vegetables is well rotted cow manure or horse manure, if applied and worked in. In the fall, fresh manure can be used to advantage, but it is better not to use such when near planting time. It is always well to save and bury as much of the humus or vege- table matter as possible ; too often this is thrown on the rubbish heap. In considering any general order for work in the vegetable garden the leading principle should be that its productive powers should be taxed fully. There need be no resting of the ground, and it is very easy if there should, perchance, be a surplus of any crops, •Extracts from jiaper read before Horticultural Society of New York, Tanuary 20. 1915. to give them away, and in the case of the Brassica family, to return them to the soil for manure. Hard cropping, of course, is not possible unless the land is liberally manured and the surface soil kept constantly tilled. To ])Ut little in and take out much means vir- tual exhaustion ; a whip will not work as a substitute for corn for a horse with hard work to do ; nor will a candle burn long if lit at both ends. Always dig deeply, and when occasion will permit trencli a couple of spits deep. Change crops from year to year where this can be done ; this is not absolutely necessary and it is not always possible to do it, but the majority of vegetables do better with a change of ground. Soils which are sour i_ir acidy should have a liberal dressing of lime ; this is best applied in the fall after the crops have been gathered. Sufiicient lime is not used in America ; once in three years the bulk of soils are benefited by an application ; do not apply the lime, however, at the same time as manure, as the lime will, release much of the nitrogen from the latter. Barn- yard manure cannot always be procured, but good crops can be produced, with chemical fertilizers alone ; these, however, must be used with greater precaution than the manure. Too often fertilizer is used in seed drills, and the seedsmen are blamed for selling" poor seed, where the seedings have been practically de- stroyed by the fertilizer : the safer plan is to broad- cast anil harrow it in well, also to use it between rows of growing cro])s to stimulate them. A list of vegetables of proved excellence and a few words on their ctilture is apt to be tedious, but there are so many starting a garden each year that some- thing must be said on this subject. These remarks are intended rather for small growers, and not for those- who are operating market gardens. The best growers of vegetables are not necessarily market growers or practical gardeners at all. In Great Britain much finer leeks, potatoes, celery and cauliflower are grown by the artisan classes, who take a keen interest in vegetalile culture, than by the professionals, and there is no reason why it cannot be accomplished here. Peas are one of the important vegetables and the first sowing should be ptit into the grounrl as soon after it is open as possible. We hear it commonly stated that it is too early to sow peas because the ground has not become warmed. The warmer and drier the soil gets the poorer the peas will do. We have sown these as early as March 10, and in late sea- sons not until the first week of April ; but just as soon as the frost has left the ground it should be spaded and plowed, manured liberally, and a first sowing made : successional sowings can be made until the end of May, after which time it does not pay to sow them,, but for a fall crop, a sowing can be made about July 25. Dwarf peas are to be recommended for small gardens ;■ probably the best of these is Sutton's Excelsior : Nott's Excelsior is very good also ; both of these are heavy croppers. Later varieties, such as Thomas Laxton, and Gradus, are excellent, but should have good sup- ports. Birch brush is the best support for peas : wire netting may be used where birch is not procurable. Good succession peas to follow those already nam" ! are Alderman, Dwarf Champion, Sutton's Dwarf D-"- fiance, Juno, Improved Stratagem, Advancer, Quite Content, and the old Chamjnon of England : the latter should not be grown where it cannot be given good THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 15 supports, being a tall grower, hut it is a very jiro- ductive variety. Beans are of much easier culture than peas and will succeed in soils where peas would be an utter failure ; they can also be picked over quite a long season ; we have picked string beans as early as June 28 and last year as late as October 12, which gives a fairly long season. First sowings of string beans can be made from .\pril 15 to 20, and successional sowings made initil August 1 fcir late pickings. Triuni])h of the Frames and Plentiful are the earliest varieties we have grown. Stringless Green Pod and \ alcntine are excellent later sorts. Improved Goddard and Dwarf Horticultural are splendid string and shell varieties. Wax beans are handsome and sell well ; their appear- ance helps them to sell, liut their flavor is far inferior to that of the green podded sorts. Rustless golden w-a.x and stringless white wax are reliable varieties. Lima beans should not be sown until we get settled warm weather. The dwarf varieties are of compara- tively recent introduction, and for the small grower are far to be preferred to the pole sorts. The earliest of these is the small Henderson Bush Lima : many pre- fer the flavor of this to all others. Dreer's Lima is a sure cropper in wet seasons. Fordhook Lima is su- perior to the Burpee's in bnth size and flavor and w ill eventually supersede it. Potatoes are the most imjKjrtant of all garden vege- table crops. They will succeed in a great variety of soils, if proper preparation of manuring has been given, but the best soil is a .deep, rich, friable loam, well drained, where there is no possibility of water standing in a wet season. Far more owners of .gar- dens shoidd grow their own potatoes : they cost the average household more money than any other vege- table, and there is nothing difficult in their culture which should deter anyone from planting them. Fresh manure should never be used when planting potatoes ; it can, however, be worked in the soil the previous fall : the best plan is to plant them to follow some crop for which the ground was heavily manured the pre- vious spring. Early planting pays the best, particu- larl}- so when we get such severe droughts as in tlie summer of 1911. Rows three feet apart and sets fif- teen inches are correct distances. For a very early crop it pays to sprout a few tubers in boxes containing a single thickness of each, stood erect and as close as they can be packed. The general practice is to spread fertilizer in the drills before ]ilanting the sets ; a far better plan is to broadcast it after the potatoes have heen planted. Where fertilizer alone is used, 600 pounds acid phosphate, 500 pounds kainit, and 200 pounds nitrate of soda per acre can be applied, using the nitrate of soda after the growth has started. Small growers had better use some special potato fertilizer. Dift'erences of opinion arise about cutting sets ; we like them to have two eyes each, and such sets from large potatoes are more productive than if cut from small ones. Single potatoes of small size do not ax'cr- age so well as sets cut from large potatoes. The ground should be kept constantly stirred, both liefore and after the potatoes start to grow, and this must be done very persistently, and ]«rticularly alter each rainfall. The ])otato beetle and blight can be controlled by spraying. As to varieties. Early Norwood and .\roos- took Pride as earlies, and Green Mountain as a main crop variety are sufficient. If restricted to one va- riet}', it would be the reliable Green Mountain. The Brassica or cabbage family cannot be cmiitted from any vegetable garden ; all like well-manured land. Excellent cabbages for early are Copenhagen Market and Jersey VVakeheld ; for late, Danish Bald- head and Danish Roundhead ; these latter are harder and far superior to the Drumhead types. Early cab- bage can be started in a frame in ]\larch and planted out about April 15. Winter sorts should be sown aljout June 1. Cauliflowers for an early crop are best grown in a cold frame where they can be watered. For a fall crop, seed should be sown as near May 25 as possible. Kronk's Perfection Erfurt for early, Dry Weather and Snowball for late, are splendid varieties to grow. Brussels sprouts should be sown as soon as the ground is open, and later planted out in rows three feet apart, and two feet between the plants. These are splendid and choice winter vegetables ; with the cabbages they should be lifted and heeled in a cool cellar before the frost becomes too severe. Aigburth is a first-class sort, so is Debbie's Selected. Savoy cabbage is preferred by some to the common cabbage ; the culture is the same, and the Drumhead variety the best. Green curled kale or borecole is a very hardy member of the Brassica family, and of very easy cul- ture ; heeled in with the cabbages it can be used from Februarv to the last of April, and is superior to the greens brought from the South. It should not be housed until it has had several good freezings. No garden is complete without tomatoes. These are easily raised in the house or cold frame, and if strong jjfants are set out, fruit may be picked by the middle of July and until killing frost. To secure good tomatoes they should not be allowed to ramble over the ground at liberty, but trained to stakes, fences, or some other support. We prefer to retain two of the bottom laterals, with the niain stems, and to rub ofi all other laterals, also cutting back some of the leaves., especially when the plants are tied up to stakes. Trained plants have many advantages to compensate us for the care bestowed upon them, the fruit is always clean, and readily seen when wanted, ripens better, and has a superior flavor to those borne on plants which are bespattered with soil after every rainfall. Excel- lent early tomatoes are Chalk's Early Jewel and Lister's Prolific. For a main crop, nothing is 'superior to the old reliable Stone.- Aristocrat and Dwarf Stone are fine dwarf types, excellent for very small gardens. Golden Queen is the finest of the large yellow varie- ties. The small fruited tomatoes have of late years come greatly to the fore ; for salads, decorative ef- fects, and preserving they are very fine ; the finest of these is Yellow Plum ; others to be recommended are Red Cherry, Peach, Pear and Red Plum. .\n important crop is sweet corn ; no vegetable will withstand severe drought and heat better if persistent culture is given the crop. It succeeds well in either hills or drills, probably in the latter the stalks will not bl(iw over so much during the wet windy weather. The first sowing can be made in a warm piece of ground from .\]3ril 15 to April 20; even if it is cut down by a late frost, the seed is easily sown again, and the loss is but trifling. The soil for sweet corn should be very rich for best results. Seeds can be sown at intervals of from eight to ten days until July 1, in the case of Stowell's Evergreen, and a few days later with Crosby. We have sown early varieties as late as July 15, and they have yielded an abundant supi)ly of crops when frost held (iff late. In the way of early varieties. First Cro]) Sugar, (iolden Bantam, Early Cory, and Peep-o- dav, are all good. In medium earlies we have Golden Dawn, an excellent yellow variety of fine flavor, and the always reliable Crosby; Porter's Excellent is an- other sort of excellent flavor ; of late varieties, Sto- well's Evergreen produces the largest cobs, and they 16 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. are very tender and sweet, but Country Gentleman, an irregular road variety, has a very delicate flavor. ^Melons are not really a vegetable at all, but are served only as dessert fruit. They are, however, al- ways catalogued with other vegetables, and may therefore be fairly spoken of here. During the past few years these, thanks to warm summers, have done extraordinarily well. Early batches can be started in pots or under small hand lights ; a sheet of glass 16 by 24 inches over each hill will advance the crop quite a little : these glasses should be removed when rain falls, closed on cold nights, and filtered during the dav. It is not a good plan to merely dig out a hole and place a shovelful or two of manure in each hole, giving noth- ing to the rest of the ground. The better plan is to broadcast, and plow or spade it in ; this gives more vigorous plants. The finest flavored melon we have grown is Mrs. H. H. Rogers ; other good sorts are Early Christiana, Honey Drop, and Emerald Gem. Rockyford is a great cropper, but we have found the skins rot rather badly just before ripening. The same applies to the big handsome Montreal Market. Watermelons do well in warm summers ; thev should not be sown before Jvuie 1, and one or two plants only should be left to a hill. Cole's Early, Early Fordhook, Halbert Honey, and Kleckley Sweet, all do well in Massachusetts. Many persons cannot tell when watermelons are ripe. One sign is that at the little tendril where the stem of the fruit is attached to the vine, green fruits sound solid, ripe ones more hollow ; the fruit will also "give" a little when firmly pressed, if it is approaching ripeness. Celery is a very important vegetable for fall and winter use. It will row well on level ground, and is thus planted by market growers ; but in trenches, it makes its finest possible growth. Advantages of trench culture are that water is more easilv applied, the plants are more readily hilled up, and the trenches give shade to the plants in hot weather. An abundance of well rotted manure should be placed in the trenches, as celery is a gross feeder. Golden Self Blanching is the finest early variety; Golden Rose is also good; White Plum is handsome, but of coarse texture. Good winter sorts are White Queen, Giant Pascal, and Bos- ton Market. The richest and most mellow soils should be used for celery culture. Early varieties may be bleached by means of boards, but the latter sorts must be hilled up by degrees, and housed in a cool, frost- proof cellar before weather becomes too severe. It must also be aired on all favorable occasions. In lift- ing celery the earth should be moist ; if not, apply some, water after planting in the frame or cellar, and always take a nice ball of earth with each plant. Onions are one of the most popular vegetables, and it is not difficult for the small grower to produce an all-the-year-round svipply on a small piece of ground. The ground can hardly be made too rich ; cow manure, with some soot added, is extra good as a fertilizer. The ground must be prepared, and the seed planted just as soon as possible after the frost has left the ground, and it has sufficiently dried out. For the earliest crop, plant small sets ; we prefer the yellow ones, four inches apart in the rows. Very small sets are the best ; those from one-third of an inch in diame- ter upwards will largely run to seed. We like to roll or tramp the onion grotmd before drawing the drills, which can be twelve inches apart, giving another tramp after covering the drills. Just as soon as the seed is sown, start cultivating, and keep at it con- stantly, until the tops are so much grown as to pre- vent it ; also weed the rows carefully, especially a rain, when they will pull up most easily. It is no use plant- ing this crop unless this matter of weeding is relig- iousl}' attended to. The so-called new onion culture is really a very old practice, and was in vogue in Great Britain half a cen- ture or more ago. It consists of sowing seeds in flats or in a cold frame late in February, or early in March, and transplanting the seedlings in well-prepared ground about April 15. Very large bulbs are secured in this way, fine for exhibition, but they will not keep well ; in fact, ver}- few are sound after Christmas, and this mode of culture is not to be recommended where onions are wanted through the w'hole winter. For this method of culture, Ailsa Craig and Prize Taker are excellent. For sowing outdoors, Danvers Yellow- is the onion par excellence ; Prize Taker, Australian Brown, and Red Wethersfield are all good. Asparagus is one of the most highly prized of vege- tables, and comes in season very early. It does not take a very large bed to supply a small family, and if the ground is deeply trenched, well manured, and cared for, it is good for twenty years. Reading Giant, Columbian White, and Giant Argenteuil are splendid varieties. The plants should be in rows, three and a half feet apart, and eighteen inches between the plants. In planting, care must be taken to set the roots deeply, and cover only lightly at first, covering in gradually as the plants grow. Spinach of the round-leaved type is of course indis- pensable, and for summer use nothing beats the New Zealand variety. This must not be planted before May 10, however. With this latter vegetable, and a small row of Swiss chard, it is possible for a large family to secure a constant cut of greens for at least four months in the year. I have not mentioned salad plants ; of these, lettuce is the most valuable, and by starting seed in the house or cold-frame, and making successional sowings out- doors from the end of March until the middle of August, heads may be cut from the early part of May until the end of November. For the earliest sowing, White Seeded Tennis Ball and Big Boston are leaders ; for later sowings, May King, Deacon, Black Seeded Tennis Ball, and Sutton's Standwell are reliable. The Romaine or Cos Lettuce is popular with many; Tri- anon is a good self-bleaching sort. Endive is an ex- cellent and handsome salad plant when well bleached ; the plants want more severe thinning than lettuce, and to bleach them, the outer leaves should be gath- ered to a point and tied with raffia. Endive can lie kept in the cellar, packed in dry sand, through a good part of the winter. Green Curled and Batavian are splendid sorts. In miscellaneous vegetables, there are leeks, which should be sown only, and given rich culture, to secure big, handsome stalks ; these keep in fine condition un- til May in a cold cellar. Musselburgh is a standard variety. A clump or two of chives takes up little space. For borderings, nothing is more beautiful than parsley ; the plants should be thinned out six or eight inches apart. On well drained land, with a covering of leaves, this will survive our New England winters. Dobbie's selected and Champion Moss are beautiful curled types. White Velvet okra or gumbo is valuable for soups. It succeeds best in a hot summer, and the seed should not be sown before May 10 in this lati- tude. A few roots of indispensable rhubarb and one or two roots of horse radish should always be included. In the way of sweet or pot herbs, fennel, dill, sweet marjoram, sweet basil, sage, thyme, and summer savory are very useful. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 17 HOLLAND'S FAMOUS HORTICULTURAL EX- PERT AT THE PANAMA-PACIFIC INTER- NATIONAL EXPOSITION. A. Van \'liet, a famed horticulturist, who built the famed rose and tulip gardens of the Hague Peace Pal- ace, in spite of the war cloud that hovers over his own country of gardens, has come to San Francisco to build, as a setting for the Netherlands Building, the most wonderful example of formal gardening that has ever been seen in America. Air. Van Vliet is enthusiastic about California. "It is better than Holland, the country of gardens, for the building of gardens. Here things grow without being asked," he quaintly ^a}'s of local soil and climate. AIRIE VAN \'IJET. ox THE RICUT. SUPERINTEMU.XU Til PLANTING OF RARE BULBS IN THE NETHERLANDS GAR- DENS AT THE PANAMAP.\CIFIC EXPOSITION. An out-of-doors man, enthusiastic about his art, which has carried him to remote places and taught him the garden lore of two lands, England and Hol- land, Van Vliet is a typical example of continental specialized learning. There is nothing about gardens, ancient and modern, or their planning, that the blond Hollander does not know. To San Francisco, with its ideal climate, he is bring- ing the finest exam]iles of his skill. "My country," says Van Vliet, "is the country of gardens. I was born in the province of Bosko])]), and grew u]) among the rose gardens that cover that province. That is why I became a builder of gardens. "There is not one bulb, one flowering shrnl). one little blade of grass that is to grow U|) in onr little section of the Panama-Pacific International Exposi- tion, that did not come from my country — the Nether- lanfls. Alreach' I have l)rought out bulbs costing $10,000. My flowering slirubs and trees are about to be shipped." . The Cuban horticultural exhibit has also arrived at the Panama-Pacific Exposition, San Francisco, Cal. The exhibit includes mammoth palms, tree ferns, foli- age plants, and many horticultural novelties. The place of honor, immediately beneath the great glass dome of Horticultural Hall. 182^^ feet in height and \52y2 feet in diameter, has been assigned this remark- rilREE EERXS FROM tl'liA IN INI. I'M Al L (II- I loinU I'LTURE AT THE PANAMA-PACIFIC INTERNATIONAL EXPOSITION. able exhibit wdiich includes tropical fruit, shrubbery, palms and a varied collection of plants. V ^Du 'v^^nlH^p^m ^ |i^P^J^#l'^4l UttT fStf^S^mdmloit^'-^e^ .^-. i.ii«jdii..j«ii g;fS ' f^fl^fl^^ i'^iW ^-^ " ^ '" ''m.\ ^m- ^■j^^ii.rr mBF i'RlNCESS PALMS, ;u FELT IX HEKUIT, AND OTHER R.\RE SPECIMENS OF THE CUKAN DLSPLAY FOR THE PALACE OF IlOUIICn TTRE .\T THE P.\X AMA-P.\CIFIC i;\i'osrrio\. Work for the Month of February By Henry Gibson February is an excellent time to do any necessary overhauling among such foliage plants as palms, cro- tons, dracaenas, pandanus, marantas, etc. The ma- jority of these require an annual repotting or top dressing. While a good growing medium is indis- pensable to success with these plants, yet it does not follow that the compost used must be of a very rich nature. In fact, we believe that a rich potting ma- terial detracts from the beauty of the crotons, pan- danuses and other highly colored foliage plants, inso- much as it sets up a rapid growth and the plants take on a green color that is far from encouraging to those who admire a well colored foliage plant. June loam, leafmold and sand with the addition of a little soot and charcoal is a mixture that suits a good many of these plants. In potting, small shift should be the rule. When oven potted the soil is apt to become waterlogged and sour before the roots have time to penetrate it and success under such conditions is impossible. Such plants as are not in need of repotting may, after hav- ing some of the old soil cleaned away, be top dressed with some of the potting material. For palms, and especial!}- fur large plants, the soil would be better with the addition of some oH cow manure and coarse bone. Pot firmly and water with caution until the roots begin to permeate the new compost. As the work of repotting proceeds it would be well to look over each ])lant to see if it is free from scale, mealy bug. Don't put dirty plants back in the houses. A little insecticide will loosen up the scale and a Stott nozzle on the end of a good hose is the most effective method of cleaning ofT mealy bug that we know of. The present month is a good time to increase one's stock of crotons, dracaenas, pandanus, etc. A close propagating case with a brisk bottom heat is neces- sary and the cuttings should be freely svringed on bright days. Sometimes it is found that pandanuses do not furnish much material for projiagating pur- poses, and \\hen this cliies occur it will be found a great encouragement to the development of side growth if a few of the center leaves of the old plants are pulled out, thus checking its growth. It may be necessary to give some shading to the more highly colored leaved plants in order to prevent scorching. In the event of this being necessary, make it light, for we are sure to have some dark weather yet. C.M.ANTHES. These beautiful terrestrial orchids are now nearing the end of their flowering season and as their success another season depends greatly on the treatment they receive during the next two or three months, it will be well not to overlook them. After the flowers are cut, the bulbs should be rested for seven or eight weeks in a dry place where the temperature does not go below fifty degrees. They should then be shaken out of their flowering pots and stood close together on a mixture of sand and leafmold in shallow boxes, where a temperature of from sixty-five to seventy de- grees at night can be maintained. By keeping the material they are resting on moist and sprinkling lightly overhead occasionally, the bidbs will come intn active growth. When the young roots are fairlv active again potting should be done at once, or man'v of the young rootlets will be broken. C.-VMPANULAS. Mention was made in our November notes of the usefulness of these subjects for conservatory decora- tion (luring spring. Now is the time to bring them from the frame where they have been wintered into a cool greenhouse. Campanulas need to be well rooted in their pots and no attempt should be made to force them. If put in a high temperature they will not come a bit faster and the first thing one knows they are danijiing oft'. They require a temperature of forty-eight degrees now and three or four weeks hence they will stand a little more, and when once they begin to shove their flower spikes above the foliage one can expect to see flowers inside of a month. X'lor.icTS. For those \\ ho propagate their own stock, the violets are now showing some fine material for the sand. Take none but the sturdiest and healthiest cuttings and put them in the propagating bench in the carnation house. Give them some shade, any necessary water- ing and moisture and they will soon root. When this is done they can be placed into shallow boxes using two parts loam, two parts leafmold, one part rotted manure and the same of sand. Plenty of ventilation is necessary to keep them sturdy. Care should be ex- ercised when watering to avoid getting them in a wet sour condition. Give an overhead spraying on fine days and keep the night temperature as near forty- five degrees as possible. The old plants should have plenty of air on all favorable days. No set rule can be laid down. During the mild spells it is ahvaN's good practice to lower the fires lest the temperature runs up too high, which would not only detract from the (juality of the blooms, but also lowers the vitality of the j^lants to a marked degree. .\ sharp watch should be kept for both green and black fly, which soon make short work of violets if allowed to become established. So don't overlook fumigating. CuRVS.VXTHEMCilS. With the advance of the new year the growers of 'mums for exhibition purposes usually turn their thoughts to propagating and no doubt ere these notes appear plenty of stock will be rooted. For slow grow- ing varieties and where extra large bush plants are wanted this is alright, yet we are of the opinion that for general exhibition purposes the present month and on through March is the proper time for rooting cut- tings. On the other hand, however, it would not be doing any particular variety justice to propagate it too late and condenni it as worthless when by earlier propagation it might have had a chance to show its merits. All stock plants should have a well lighted bench in a house where the temperature is around fifty at night. If the stock has been wintered in a frost-proof frame, remove the covering from them and give air on all fa- vorable occasions, so as to avoid weak spindly growth. Sturdy short-jointed cuttings are what one wants to put in the sand. \\'ith a propagating bench facing north the cuttings \vhen once watered in will need but little other atten- tion until they are rooted. As soon as they have made roots half an inch long, they should be potted. Many (Contiiiiicd on page 20.) THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 19 SOME 1915 CHRYSANTHEMUM NOVELTIES. The accompanying illustrations are a few of the chrysanthemum novelties offered this year. Some are claimed cjuite distinct and superior in color an J season to any of the existing sorts. Mrs. William H. Walker, introduced In .^cutt llros.. is a seedling from "P'rancis Joliffe" and "Hon. .Mrs. Lopes'" ; in size fully equal to either of its parents. Its color is a clear lemon yellow with long petals curling at the tips. It is expected to prove a tine variety for exhibi- tion purposes. Joan Stratton, a ver}- large flciwer, reflex in furm. is a beautiful shade of jiearl jMuk witli a white ground. It is also regarded as an excellent exhibi- t i o n flower. The florets are long and broad and of good substance. Miss Lelia Mary Bennett is described as a very distinct and telling variety of a rich crimson color, with fine stems and grand foliage. It is a full flower and is claimed to be the largest of its color now offered. Miss Emma Koope is regarded as a fine specimen either as an exliibition sort or to be used as a specimen or decorative variety. It is a mauve-pink with fine foliage and erect stems, with flu- rets evenly reflexing and of good sub- stance. Gorgeous — one of last year's varieties— a golden yellow Japanese, is still a favorite. Its foliage is short and leathery and it has proven an excellent grower for cutting ]nirposes. The flowers are large and of fine form. MRS. WM. II. WAI.KKR. BEGONIA GLOIRE DE LORRAINE The begonia Gloire de Lorraine is one of the best pot plants that can be grown for furnishing the greenhouse with bloom thiring the winter months. It will last for many weeks with careful watering. After it has finished flowering, by picking ofi the old blooms and putting the plants in a temperature of 65 degrees, they will throw up growth from the base, which, if taken off and made into cuttings, will root freely and make plants for the follow- ing season. They will make better plants than \ou will obtain by growing the old ones on for another season, writes ¥. E. Smythe in The Canadian Florist. The soil required for cuttings is two-thirds saml to one of fine loam. I'ill two inch pots with the mixture, jjutting five or six of the cuttings around the edge of the pot. Give them a good watering, making sure that the soil has been made wet right through the pot. Place the jjots in a propagating frame. If it has l.iot- tom heat the cuttings will root sooner. The box can be placed ill a house with a temperature of 65 degrees. For bottom heat stand the box on bricks over the pipes. The glass will collect moisture, which will make the cut- tings damp off. To prevent this the glass must be turned morning and night, and also shaded during sunny days liy placing newspapers over it. .\fter two or three weeks carefully knock the soil out of the pots to see if they are rooted. Test in this way until you find that they have rooted, when the glass may lie propped up a little. After this treatment for a few (lays the glass may be removed, thus hardening the cut- lings to the temperature of the house. When proj^erly hardened they can be potted off separately into three inch pots. Care should be taken when knocking them nut of the cutting pots not to damage the roots. The soil now required consists of two parts leaf mould to one part Inam and one part peat, mixed with ]jtenty of sand. If the loam is of a heavy nature a little fine char- coal mixed will help to keep it open. Being in only three inch pots the soil will want to be on the fine side. It must not be made firm, as the lighter this plant is potted this time the better it is. The pots ma)- now be placed in a house with a tein])era- ture of from 65 to 70 degrees. The house will require to be shaded, liecause if the sun shines on the plants the foliage will become very light instead of a nice dark #^'^ ^^ . JO.W STR.\TToX. MISS i:mm\ Riion; GORGEOUS. ^^I.SS LELI.\ MARY BEXXETT. 20 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. When the plants are pot-bound repot into five and six inch pots, according to the size of the plants. Alake this their final potting. Use soil mixed as before, but a little coarser, and also pot a little firmer. Staking and tying should be attended to .^o that the plant will be of good shape. A\'hen the plants are well estaljlished in their flowering pots a little artificial manure will be a great help to them. Never use it too strong, as the roots of the Lorraine are very tender and this would burn them, causing great harm to the plants. Syringing will be needed on bright da\s as a moist atmosphere is required. All bloom must be kept picked off till the plants have made their growth or until about a month before the plants are needed. The jjlants ma\- then be hardened oft" so as to be used in a cool greenhouse or for decorating purposes. WORK FOR MONTH OF FEBRUARY. (ContiuiicJ from pai;c 18.) cuttings are spoiled by being left in the sand too long, making, as they do, a weak spindly^ growth which has a tendency to turn w-oody at an early stage. More- over, the roots spread into the sand and become inter- laced with others, with the result that many are broken when they are removed. If one has no propagating house and one has to re- sort to a part of a bench in a house wdiere a miscel- laneous collection of plants are grown, care should be taken to shade from the sun and avoid drafts or the cuttings will wilt and lose their vitality. LE.MON VEREEN.VS. Old plants of lemon verbenas that have been restii% should be given a little more water and be placed into more heat. Give them a place where the temperature is near that of the rose house. Treated thus the}- will soon throw out numerous young growths wdiich make fine material for making cuttings of. Placed in a mod- erately warm propagating bed they will soon root if kept moist and shaded. Potted into Z^i-mch pots in a rich compost and moved into four-inch pots as need for it arises, they will make fine stock for bedding out. PRACTICAL TREE SURGERY. (Coiitiiiucd from f>age 13.) block of cement is then smoothed with the flat trowel so that it will slant slightly downward from back to front. in order to facilitate drainage. Over the top of this •cement block a double or single sheet of tarred roofing w liaid tlu' >ciL'iiti't trie- to di-M'miiuito ;iei-ur;ite inlormalion, he finds some irresponsible just iilu'iid of liiin with a story of plants or animals so wonderful that a public, edu- •cated via the moving picture route, much prefers it to any sober statement of fact. It is easy for the reporter on the hunt for a "human interest" story to contort the facts until they have little semblance to the truth in his efforts to entertain the ]uiblic. The advertiser of a set of natural history books that are at present being introduced to the public asks in one of his circulars. "Do you know that the dew plant kills and eats every fiy that alights on its petals by ensnaring with a sticky substance?" We confess that this is new to us. We have seen the sun-dew but never one that caught flies with its petals. In another place this same individual informs us that his books will tell us why an ant's head may often be seen walking by itself without a body. Since the ant's legs are attached to its thorax and not to its head we hope we may never encounter this re- markable sight. We know of several people who would never -seek for the explanation of such a phenomenon in a book. It would be the Keeley Cure for theirs. Much as we value knowl- edge, we incline to agree with Josh Billings tliat "It is a good deal better to know less, than to know so much that ain't so." — Exchange. STARTING SMALL AND DELICATE SEEDS. By far tlic simjdest and most sncccs-tul way to start very small seeds I think is the following: Fill a porous pot of suitable size with garden soil made fine and free from lumps. By jarring the pot settle the soil moderately. Do not press the soil. Leave the surface granular. Onto this surface scatter the small seeds. Now, jarring the pot lightly a time or two will settle most of the seeds between the soil grains, though most of the seeds will re- main in sight. Now place the pot in a vessel containing an inch or two of Avater and place all in a sunny and warm situation. The surface soil will soon become moist and will remain so as long as suf- ficient water is kept at the base of the pot. If the seeds be good ■ one can watch them strike root and develop into plants of suita-' ble size for handling. They they can be pulled out of the loose earth and placed in suitable positions for further develo]>meiit.— Exchange. THE FUEL VALUE OF WOOD. The fuel value of two pounds of wood is, roughly. ei)ui\aleiit to that of one pound of coal. Tliis is given as the result of certain calculations now being made in the forest service labora- tory, U. S. Department of Agriculture, which show also about how many cords of certain kinds of wood are required to olrtaiu an amount of heat equal to that in a ton of coal. Certain kinds of wood, sucli as hiidcory. oak. beech, birch, liard maple, ash, elm, locust, longleaf pine and cherry, have fairly high heat values, and only one cord of seasoned wood of these sjjccies is required to equal one ton of good coal. It takes a cord and a half of shortleaf pine, hemlock, red gum. Douglas fir, S3'camore and soft maple to equal a ton of coal, and two cords of cedar, redwood, poplar, catalpa, Norway pine, cypress, basswood. spruce and white pine. Equal weights of dry. non-resinous woods, however, are said to have practically the same heat value regardless of species, and as a consequence it can l)c stated as a general proposition that the heavier the wood the more heat to the cord. Weight for weight, however, there is very little dilTerence between various species : the average heat for all that have been calculated is 4.000 calories, or heat units, per kilogram. A kilogram of resin will develop 9,400 heat units, or about twice the average for wood. As a consequence, resinous woods have a greater heat value per pound than non-resino\is \voods. and this increasel value varies, of course, with the resin content. The available heat value of a cord of wood depends on many different factors. It has a relation not only to tlie amount of resiu it contains but the amount of moisture present. Further- more, cords vary as to the amount of solid wood they contain, even when they are of the standard dimension and occupy 12S culiic feet of space. A certain proportion of this simce is made up of air spaces between the sticks, and this air space may be considerable in a cord made of twisted, crooked and knotty sticks. Out of the 128 cubic feet a fair average of solid wood is about ,S0 cubic feet. SAYS PLANTS EXHIBIT SYMPTOMS OF DEATH. That plants, like animals, respond to anaesthetics, drugs and other stiniidants. and exhibit all the symptoms of death agonies, was demonstrated to a large audience of Washington scientists in a lecture at the Cosmos Club recently by Prof. J. Cliunder Bose. a native of Calcutta, India, one of the world's authorities in tho field of electrical |)hysiology. I'rof. Hose, who has liad conferred upon him by the British Govenuiient the high distincticms of the decoration of the Com- panionslii]is of the Star of India and of the Inilian Kmpirc, speaks English tluently, and for more than an hour entertained his audi- ence with an account of his principal discoveries of plant life phenomena. 'These discoveries show that there is not a single physiidogical phenomenon in the animal which is not duplicated in the plant. The Bengalese scientist conducted an cx]ieriment with an ap- paratus invented by him which enables the plant to show on the screen that it feels or responds to all kinds of nu>chanical and chemical injuries nuudi as animals do, and that at the moment of deatli convulsive movements take ])lace. By pinching a caulifiower plant with this a])paratiis the sensa- tion experienced by tln' |ilant was thrown on the screen in the form of a light wave. LAST FALL'S EXPORTATION OF HOLLAND BULBS. So much has been said during tlie fall of 1914 in regards to few if any bulbs having been exported from Holland to the warring nations, and buyers of bulbs having been given to understand that the great influx of bulbs from Holland into this country was solely due to some of large Holland exporters liaving hail their fine bulbs packed for their regular English and German trade, and not being able to export them to Germany and England, being ciunpelled to send them to America, making buyers believe that the bulbs that were being sold at such low prices repre- sented the cream of the Holland stock, which in other years was shipped to England, Germany and Russia, it may be quite ajiropos to here give correct statistics as to the actual exports of bulbs during the month of September, 1914, from Holland, in comparison to the total actual exports in the correspondiu'^ montli of 1913. The quantities represent kilograms (one kg. is about 2.21 lbs.). September. Septemlier. Export of llower liulbs to: 191.'5. 1914. U. S. America and Canada 999,.50O 1.599.1 00 ■-opIars father planteil" will be treasures all their own. Though storms may twist and turn our boughs, and bend us half way down, We'll still rise up and hold o\n- own, in spite of nature's frown. And here's the lesson we might teach, in everything "he straight," .Tust like the "poplar trees" that grow beside the garden gate. ' — From National Nurseryman. Brookside Gardens, Great Barrington, Mass. jharge, scarcely One of the most attractive estates among the many that nestle about the foothills of the Berkshire Moun- tains is "Brookside Gardens," the home of Mr. and Mrs. Wm. H. Walker, located at Great Barrington, Mass. Thomas Page, the gardener requires an introduction to the readers of The Chronicle. He is usually to be found among those of'the craft who attend the various club and society meetings for the up-building of the gardening profession, and he is a staunch supporter of the national society. What he does is always done well. This was shown when he went to India- napolis last fall and lifted the Chrysanthemum Society's sil- ver cup with twelve blooms of that old chrysanthemum, "Mrs. J. C. Neil." There are unques- tionably many better 'mums than Mrs. Neil grown today, and so his accomplishment demonstrates that there is something more than mere rule of thumb methods to gar- dening. Mr. Page is fully as capable in the management of this beautiful estate as in the cultivation of greenhouse stock. Mr. and Mrs. \^'alker are both enthusiastic horticultu- rists, and take a deep interest in the details of the planting and arrangement of "Brookside," which is a natural garden spot, with many lakes, streams and tumbling cascades. Considerable monev has been spent in developing many of these natural features. Large quantities ot native and improved varieties of trees, shrubs and perennials have been planted with telling effect : so that today "Brookside" stands out as one of the finest of Berkshire homes. The "Wall" or "Sunken Garden," illustrated in these rUE .Sl'N'KEX C.VRnE.V, .\X .\TTR\CTION OE THE E.STATE. columns is one nf the chief attractions of the estate. It stands in a secluded corner of the place, and at one end is the beautiful loggia and the main entrance to the tea ronm, with its solid pillars of Italian marble. From ONE OF THE NATURAL LAKES IN BROOKSIDE GARDENS. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 23 the rear entrance of the tea room yon enter another garden where sweet peas and annual flowers are principally grown. In this garden one of the greenhotise ranges is located, and an extensive natural lake bnrders it. The wall surruuiiding- the sunken garden is ten feet high. In one of the views Mr. Page is seen examining a deljihi- nium, the height of which is easy to reckon. Note also the healthy appearance n{ astilbe, lupinns, alyssum, etc. Another feature worth no- ting at "RriKikside" is the coU)r scheme nf the perennial gar- dens, which is blocked off in harmonizing effect, each block containing just one color. The varieties and species are se- lected to give a continuation of bldom from earlv s])ring to late fall. Much of the planting and re- arrangement of this beautiful place has been done since Air. Page went to "Brookside." He has just completed a large garden, with a house for the vegetables. The jrreenhouscs are commodinus V!I-:W OF THE n.VRDKX FROM KXTR.\XCE TO THE TE.\ ROOM. vegetable and fruit 'rowing of wiiUer and well filled with up til date stock; an extensive range of fruit houses is now under contemplation. "Brookside" is an highly instructive spot and well worth)' of a visit at all seasons. There is always some- thing to attract vou. HVDR.\XGE..\S .\RR.\XGED .\LONG THE LOGIA. DEr.PHIXUMS ME.\SURIXG OVER 12 FEKT IX IlEIIlilT. 24 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE CI' ..r.-ElUCA THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. Published by THE CHRONICLE PRESS, Inc. Office of Publication 286 FIFTH AVE., NEW YORK. MARTIN C. EBEL, Managing Editor EDITORIAL OFFICES— MADISON, N. J. Subscription Price, 12 Months, $1.50 :: :: Foreign, $2.0 Entered as second class matter Nov. 3, 1914, at the Post Office at New York, N. v., under the Act of March 3, 1879. Published on the 15th of each month. Advertising forms close on the 10th preceding publication. For advertising rates apply to Robert F. MacClelland, 286 Fifth .Ave., New York, N. Y. All editorial matter should be addressed to M. C. Ebel, Editor, Madison, N. J. OFFICIAL ORGAN OF NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF President, J. W. EVERITT, Glen Cove, N. Y. Vice-President, W. S. RENNIE, Ross. Cal. GARDENERS Treasurer, JAMES STUART. Mamaroneck. N. V. Secretary, MARTIN C. EBEL, Madison. N. J. TRUSTEES FOR 1914. Peter Duff, Orange, N. J. ; William Kleinheinz, Ogontz, Pa. : Wm. Tur ner, Mendham, X. J.; Geo. W. Hess, Washington, Wyncote, Pa. D. C. John H. Dndds. DIRECTORS. To serve until 1916 — Thomas W. Logan, Jenkintown, Pa.; John F. Huss, Hartford, Conn.; Jas. MacMachan, Tuxedo Park, N. Y.; A. Bauer, Deal Beach, N. J.; John W. Jones, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Alexander McPherson, Washington, D. C. ; James C. Shield. Monticello, 111. To serve until 1917 — A. J. Smith, Lake Geneva, Wis.; Theodore Wirth, Minneapolis. Minn.; Wm. Hetrick, San Gabriel, Cal.; Robert AngUs, Tarrytown, N. Y.; Robert Bottomley, New Canaan, Conn.; Alex. Eraser, Newport, R. I.; Arthur Smith, Reading, Pa. To serve as directors for three years, until January 1, 1918 — William H. Waite, Yonkers, N. Y.; William N. Craig. Brookline, Mass.; Erward Kirk. Bar Harbor, Me.; John W. Johnston, Glen Cove, N. Y. ; Carl N. Fohh, C.ojorado Springs, Colo.; Peter Johnsen, Dallas, Tex.; Thomas Proctor, Lentfx, M*ss.' AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PARK SUPERINTENDENTS Secretary-Treasurer, ROLAND \V. COTTERIM., Seattle, Wash. Vice-Presidents, CARL W. FOHN, JOHN HENDERSON, Colorado Springs, Colo. Montreal, Canada. CHARLES HAIBLE, I. H. FROST, Newburgh, N. Y'. Chicago, 111. President, GUSTAVE H. AMRHYN New Haven, Conn. JOHN McLAREN, San Francisco, Cal. HERMAN MERKEL, New York, N. Y. Vol XIX. JANUARY, 1915. No. 9. CHARLES McTAGGART. Charles McTaggart. widely known in gardeniug circles, is no more. His untimely demise occurred on Sunday noon. January 10, as he was approaching the railroad station in his home town, Kearny, N. J., to board a train for Xew York. Walking on the westbound track, the warning of the approach of the eastbound train on the track on which he was walking, owing to repairs on the eastbound track, came too late. He was struck and when picked up life in the body was extinct. Charles McTaggart numbered a host of friends among the gardeners, especially in the eastern states. The ac- companying photograph depicts him in characteristic attire, and as he will be best rememljered by his friends. Born in Gatehouse, Kirkendbrightshire, Scotland, forty- five years ago, a grandson of the late James McTaggart. Provost of Gatehouse, he came to this country about twenty years ago. For the past seven years he has been connected with the seed firm of \\'. E. Marshall & Co., Xew York, representing the firm on the road most of that time. He is survived by his mother, Mrs. James McTaggart, and the death of her only remaining son leaves her without kin in the world. The firm, whom he lias faithfully served the past years, in appreciation of those services, will undertake to lighten the sorrow and burden of the bereaved mother in her declining years. The funeral services were held at his late home in Kearny, X^ J., on Wednesday afternoon, January 13, and was attended by many friends botli in and outside of the gardening profession. .Vmong those who followed the remains to its last resting place in Arlington Cemetery, Arlington, X. ].. were: John lirunger. D. Adams, James rilE I A IE CllARl.FS .\lcT.\i;G.\RT. .\itchison. Willir.m I-^arclay, Robert Berry. James Rell, Edward Benson, William Bunny, J. .\lexander, M. C. Ebel, A. F. Faulkner, John Garvan. John Hayes. A. Herz. Thomas Locke. Alexander McKenzie, Ewen McKenzie, Malcolm MacRorie, John McQueen, Joseph Marshall, George Meadows, George Mustoe, \\'illiam Metzdorf. Lester E. Ortiz, Robert Petrie, Owen G. Ownen, P. W. Popp, James Stuart, Martin Tillotson. .\lexander Thomp- son, George Thompson. ( ieorge Wilson, Ant. Wild, Andrew \Vilson, S. H. \\'hitefield, William Keyser, Andrew Kennedy. The services were conducted bv Rev. Robert T. Gra- ham. The pall bearers were : A. E. Wheeler, Peter Duff. John Brown, Henry Rute, James Walker, Thomas Adams. Charles ^McTaggart rests in peace. Long will he live in the memory of his friends. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF GARDENERS JOHN W. EVERITT, President, Glen Cove, N. Y. OFFICIAL COMMUNICATIONS M. C. EBEL, Secretary, Madison, N. J. THE PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE. /;/. }:;rccting )n\' fellow iiiciiibcrs, I juiiil. Inst of all. to express Illy appreciation of the /"'i;/; honor that has been conferred on me by my election as president of the Na- tional Association of Gardeners. 1 shall try to merit this confidence by endeavoring to make m v administration as successful as hai-e been those of my predecessors in office. On the groxi.'tli and proi^ress of our association, it is not necessary to dwell, as its splendid -.cork of the past feiv years is a matter of record knoien to all who take an interest in the profession of gardening. Our responsibil- ity tozi'ards the profession, zchich our organization repre- sents, has not been lessened, hotcever, by our progress. and it 7i'/// require the untiring efforts of those entrusted to perforin the various duties which an association such as ours imposes. ]'oiir officers and committees will suc- ceed in their vjork if they have the a'ctive support of every member, to ivhich they arc entitled. Our organization is a national one and its aetii'itics should not be limited to any one territory, but should spread from coa.^t to coast. TIic co-operative movement . betiveen the national association and the local horticul- tural societies, to bring them into closer relation, can be made the instrument for spreading the inlluciicc of the national association broadcast in this country and it should receive the serious consideration of every local horticultural society, or club, which includes the profes- sional gardener in its membership roll. Our summer meeting, which is to be held in San Fran- cisco next Slimmer, offers the opportunity to bring the association closer to the doors of our Western brothers, and those of lis in the East tvho can do so, should avail ourselves of this opportunity to make the trip across the continent to meet our fellow gardeners of the IP'est. I am looking forward to have that pleasure next August. For the last three years the energies of the N. A. G. have been directed along constructiz'e lines. Our founda- tion is now well established and we must turn to an in- structive course. Our Co-opcratiz'e Committee has not been idle, and this coining year should see great progre. on meritorious exhibits. I'rcsidcnt Everitt rcijucsts that tlie resolu- tions passed by the Executive Board of the association in January. 1913. be again published at this time. The resolutions follow: "It is regularly resolved that the association award a medal for any new variety of llowcr. |>bint, vegctalilc or fruit, originated by a gardener, a member of the National Associa- tion of (Jardeners, and to be passed on as meritorious by a com- mittee of judges, such a committee to be appointed annually liy the President. " The attention of the gardeners is directed to this resolution and- the secretary shoidd be advised on any production qualilied to compete for the association's medal. NATIONAL CO-OPERATIVE COMMITTEE. A correspondence course for classes in landscaping, forestry, greenhouse management and agriculture is planned by the .Xa- tioiial Co-operative Committee which exjjects to make an an- nouncement shortly of the completion of its arrangements. This course is intended for members of the association to obtiiiii scientific knowledge in connection with their practical experience and who have not the opportunity to avail tluunselves of a college course. The coTnmiltee requests that .'ill Itical societies which have t;ikeii favorable action on the co-operative plan submitted to them Im'- tween the national association and local societies, but which have not yet oflicially advised the secretary of the N. A. G. of tlndr action, do so at once. The committee also asks the local co-operative committees of the societies which have announced their intentions of par- ticipating in this co-operative movement, to communicate any suggestions they may have to submit from their local societies in relation to tlie eo-opeiative plan. NEW MEMBERS. The following new members have been added to our roll during the past month: Prof. E. A. White, Ithaca, N. Y.; L. W. C. Tuthill, New York, N. Y.; C. Zandbergen, Valkenburg, near Leiden, Holland; Samuel Simnionds, Washington, D. C; William J. Whan. Groton, Conn.; L. Bisset, Lenox, JIass.; Charles H. Lundgren. Ross, (^al.: Julius Erdmann, St. Louis, Mo.; George Wood. RhineclifT, N. Y.; Thomas H=>tton, Yonkers, N. Y.; Louis Ottmann, 26 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. Mamarpiieck. X. Y. Wm. Metzdorf. Oceanic, N. J.; J. H. Brunger, Irviiigton, K. V.; James McDougal, Glen Cove, N. Y.; Sigurd F. Henderson, Xew Haven, Conn.; .John ilcl.ane, Cedarhurst, N. Y. SUMMER MEETING IN SAN FRANCISCO. Several inquiries have come to hand regarding the summer meeting of the N. A. G. in San Francisco, Cal., in August next and what, if any, arrangements will be made for those going from the Fast. It has been suggested that an efl'ort be made to get up a party to travel together. This suggestion will receive due consideration and will be reported on more fully in the next issue of this pidilication. The Edifor Gakueners' Cuuo.nkle: Dear *St'r — Some of niir fnnnhrrs icho ittUiiiUd tht J'tnldfU'lpliiti convention may have heard riijiiors of u nwrenieiit having for itx object the amahjamalion of our axsoeiation ivith another national soeicty connected ivith horiiculture. Personally, I did not come across one professional (lardener in favor of it, the idea liaving ap- parently arisen in the minds of some outside our professi'iu. AVhilc prepared to give those whom. I heard in the course of conversation express their opinion that it would he a ivise proceeding on our part, all credit for sincerity of motives, for heing in every way fuvornhUi disposrd toirards our association and possessed of the kindlirst fccliniis in uursilrcs, I Icnuu- tliric are others not so disposed. In connection with our association we must remember that up to three or four years ago it was in a more or less moribund condition. Today, while wc have only just got started, the state of things is very different. The position which our association now occupies — altliougli if is nothing to what it to-ill be — has: only been achieved by the fact t/iat we have been fortunate enough to .secure a man. willing and utile to devote a large amount of his time and money to advancing our intcre-^ts and pghting our battles, to act as our sc( rctavy. who has done what nn individual amongst ouvsclvcs could even have attempted. Many of us are anarc thai there arc men in the horticultural world ivho consider that our association has no right to exist and they hare opposed it at every opportunity, not openly, honestly ami above board, but in an in.^idiwus and andrrhand manner. Upon several occasions our secretary has hail to make strenuous efforts and put up a .■strong fight to obtain proper recognition for our as- sociation, nhlch lias resulted in riitovies nit along the liiii and from nvhirh our ussni iiitinii has loiin iiitn u strmigrv position than before. Having been defeated in the efforts nscd to crush oiiv asxoriiition. a new method, of stratcgij is licing adopted. In some quurters a mon lumt is being engineered by those in. opposition, to our associatimi In living influrnce to hear upon our members to force us into amalgamation. Their reason for doing so is because they are fully aware that if amalgamation were to become an a(Complished fact our asxoiiation would at on,ce entirely lose its identity: become an. ahsolute nouintity in the horticulfu vol world; praitieally erase to criit and all tin ivovl; done during the past few years to iilacc it u}iou a sniind totiiidalion iroiild In i ntinhi thrown away. Laying the foundation is invavialilg the most difficult part in building up an a.s.sin ialiun, liut a.s thi.\ tan now be said to he ac- complished, our future gnnrtli will not onlii be retarded by en- tangling onselvis ivitli otiirr associations, hut it would be stopped altogether. We must not siralhuv the specious and. upon the surface, plau.^- ihle, arguments ivhicli. some are adruneing in favov of amalgama- tion, hut make up our nvinds once and for all to the fact that we have everything to lose and nothing whatevcv to gain by adopting it. Co-operation is a totally different proposition, one that the world cannot have too much of. TFc mu.it, howevev, not forget that ainalgainatioii does not in any way guarantee the bringing about of co-operation. The co-operative movement between our association and local horticultural societies has already met nvith considerable sueeess and it sho-uld hare the logal support of all of us because these local societies are to a great crtent. in some cases entirely, composed of professional gardeners. By the working together of these local bodies and the national association a strong organization can be built up ichich will enable the funduniental principles upon n-hich the N. A. 0. stands to be still fuvthev stveugthened and enable us to go forward ivith greater rapidity fuiravds the goal of our ideals. The nature of our work and the wcr. Anything beyond eo-opevatinn would he vivtuul suiei Tlie friends of Fe.-tcr Ortiz, superintendent of the Bliss estate, BernardsN ille, N. J., will be glad to learn of the full recovery of his health. Mr. Ortiz is at the present time Inisily occupied in new development work on the Bliss estate, wliicli contemplates a new range of glass in the not distant future. Jolm McLane has secured the position of superintendent on the W'ickersham estate, Cedarhurst, X. Y. Mr. ilcLane comes to his new position from Olmstead Bros., Brookiine, Mass., under whom lie was engaged in landscape work. « ff * George II. I bile, foi many ycais su]icrintendent of the E. D. Adams estate Scaljriglit. X. ,^., has resigned. John Livingston, superintendent of the Chisholm estate, Poi'chester, X. Y., has just returned from Chicago, wheie he was for the past two months in charge of the quarantined cattle at the Xational Dairy Show. Although all the cattle were attacked by the hoof and mouth disease, for which the government claimed tlie only remedy was slaughter, through proper treatment, Mr. Livingston states, less than 1 per cent, of the cattle died. LECTURES AT BOSTON. The lecture committee of the Massachusetts Horti- cultural Society has issued the program of lectures and discussions on horticultural subjects to be given at Horticultural Hall, Boston, on Saturdays at 2 p.m., during January, February and March. These lectures are free. The program is as follows : Januarv Hi. •'Selectinn and Care of House Plants." by Frederick E. Palmer, Brookiine. January 30. "Conference on Garden Planning and Planting," conducted by the staff of the Massachusetts Agricultural College. 10.(10 a. m., "Trees and Shrubs for Home Grounds," by Prof. A. K. Harrison. 10:45 a. m., "Garden Planning," by P. H. Ellwood. Jr. 11:30 a. m., "Garden Furnishings." by Prof.'F. A. Waugh. 1.30 p. m.. "Practical ilanagement of the Home Flower Garden." Prof. A. H. Nehrling. 2:30 p. m.. "Herbaceous Annuals and Perennials." by A. S. Thurston. February 6. "The Home Vegetable Garden," by H. F. Tnmpson, Amherst. February 13. "Conference on Fruit Growing," arranged by the Massachusetts Agricultural College. 10.00 a. m., "Grafting and Budding," by Prof. W. \V. Chenoweth. 11.00 a. m., "Pruning." by Prof. F. C. Sears. 1.30 p. m.. "Spraying," by Prof. R. W. Kees. 2.4.5 p. m., "Small Fruits," by Hon. Wilfrid Wheeler. February 27. "The Culture of Hardy Shrubs." by Arthur E. Thatcher, Bar Harbor, Me. March 6. "The Insect Outlook for Xew England." by Di-. H. T. Fernald. Amherst. March 13. "Hardy Herbaceous Flowers," by W. A. Manda. South Orange, X. J. ilarch 27. "Diseases of the Peonv." Illustrated, bv Prof. II. H. Whetzell. Ithaca, X. Y. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PARK SUPERINTENDENTS OFFICIAL G. S. AMRHYN, Pres., New Haven, Conn. COMMUNICATIONS. R. W. COTTERILL, Sec.-Treas., Seattle, Washington. ASSOCIATION NOTES. The seci'otary had iiiteinled to have published and jilaced in the members' hands by this time copies of the constitution and by-laws revised to date, but on attempting to compile it he saw immediately that further revision will he necessary in order to have conforniily and consistency, hence publiiatioji woidd be ;i useless expense. The last published constitution and by-laws was in 1910, but in 1012 and 1014 amendments were enacted to Article 2 dealin;,' with classification of membership. These amendnu'nts made changes in but two sections, and other sections which shoidd hare been changed to conform to the new sections were not disturbed. In order to make an intelligent arrangement of the variou.s classifications of membership, it will be necessary to revise the entire seven sections of Article 2, to conform to the spirit of Sec- tions 1 and 2, which have been amended. While the secretary has a pretty good idea of the intent of the changes, he did not feel liUe arbitrarily recasting tlie most im- portant article in our constitution. Instead he will com|:iile an entirely new article, carrying out the spirit of the amendments and submit same to tlie Executive Committee for submission to the membership. Both tlie old and the new will lie published in tliese columns side by ^iih' so that the need for revision may be apparent. The proceedings of the Newburgh-New York convention will be printed and delivered to the membership about February 1. pro- vided a couple of lielated photographs of members of the Execu- tive Committee arrive in time. Following previous custom, the secretary is anxious to present portraits of the full set of officers, but has not so far succeeded in getting a full set of ]iliotograplis. The series of articles on the park systems of various Pacific Coast cities begins this mouth with Seattle. Each month until the August convention one city will be covered. San Francisco. Los Anjieles. San Diego, Portland. Tacoma. Spokane and Van- couver filling out the eight months and representing the eiglit Pacific Coast cities which have something to show in the way or park develo|imrnt, and all of which can be visited on the tour to the San Francisco convention with but slight additional railroml fare over a direct route fare. Kead these articles and ymi will certainly plan to make the circuit of the Coa^t. Mciiibers desiring up-to-date informal inn nn loiii faciiiL: of boulevards and drives and hard surface road construction shonM secure from Wni. TI. Council. Chief of Bureau of Highways. De- partment of Public Works, Philadelpliia, Pa., the publication of that de]iartment, "Report on Service Test Road." which, besiilca containing a mass of detailed information such as specifications, cost records, etc., has thirty full-page half-tones illustrating every step in the construction and reconstruction of various types of hard surface pavin;/. Philadelphia made exhaustive tests along this line last year, and the report on the subject is a text book worth haviinr. The little membership roster and y<'ar luiok recently sent to members seems to have made quite a hit. as the secretary has received numerous complimentary acknowledgments. The typo- graphical work on the old leaflet form of roster cost practically the same as the new form, wliile a small booklet is more likely to be kept in a desk pigeon hole, or carried in the pocket for readv reference, hence the clian;;e of fniiii. To those who recall our convention at llarrisbur; of our earnest and efl'cient co-worker. V, L. Mulfon ing message from Ilarrisburg iei(ivcd iiy the seer disappointing: "The Ifarrisburg Park Commission, of which Ci; was sujierintendent, is no longer in existence. 'I'll form of government has been ailo]ited by llarri^l work of the park department is now under the - the Department of Public Properly and Parks with as •^iipi'i inteiident. We do not feel, however, that advantaee to the department to belong to your a<' are then fnie retiirnini; vour bill." '^ II Ihc dav- d t T fn lluw- elai y w 11 be lilt \ . 1- orri'V !■ 1 I111IIII ^siijll iiirg . am the -n K r\"ision of > . II. T ivlor it is of a n V siici ition and PARK DEPARTMENT PERSONALS My. Phelps \\ yman. landscape architect of .Minneapolis, was mentioned in our October notes among others who had dropped their membership with the association on account of leaving jiark work or otherwise. This was a little misleading, as Mr. \Vyinan is very actively- identified with and interested in park work, and to prove it he has reinstated Iiimself as an associate nunnber of the association; in fact, his being dropped was entirely through a misunderstanding. J. 0. Convill has succeeded E. D. Jlische as superintendent at Portland. Ore. Mr. Convill was for nurny years assistant super- intendent, and fits into the position nicely. lie has notified the secretary of his desire to become a member of the association, and is anxious to liave members enroiite to the San Francisco convention stop oft at Portland. Earnest Kettig, superintendent at Louisville, Ky., whose mem- bership had been permitted to lajise. has thought better of it, and reinstated himself to good standing. Mr. Kettig's name does not appear on the oflicial roster issued prior to his reinstatement, lience members should make tlie notation in their roster books. Louisville has been making ra[iid jirogress in recent years along the line of playgrounds as set forth in a recently iiublishcd report. Pay F. Weirich, of Des Moines, la., has severed his connection with tlie park department of that city, and has engaged in private practice as a landscape architect. This seems to be getting to be a habit with many of our members, and would indicate that the field of landscape architecture is a promising one or else a haven for de|iosed park executives. Mr. Wcirirh incidentally is drop- ])iiia' his meniberslii|) in tlie association, wliicli is iiiilintiiiiate both for him and for us. Fred C. Green, the genial superintendent and secretary at Provi- dence, R. I., is already planning for next year's convention, and has sent to the secretary for an itinerary and routing so that he nill be able to see as nuicli as possible of the entire Pacific Coast. Mr. Green has never misled a convention since becoming a mem- ber of the association, and gets much pleasure as well as jirofit from convention sessions and travel enroute. •T. If. Blackwood, secretary at Winnipeg, writes tliat the war 13 not having the depressing efl'ect on Canadian cities that is com- monly supposed, and but for the assembling and drilling of sev- eral thousand soldiers in the city all the time, there is no evidence of the war in Winni|ieg. .\lr. Blackwood is laying his plans already to attend the San Francisco convention next August, and George Cliampion. siipei iiitendeiil . will of c iniise be mi band as he rarely missis a cinivciitii.n. Win. A. Gnrmaii, fciv sc\eial years superliilciidcnt at I'.rnoklyn, is diseii'jagcd as tlic icsrit of niiinenuis chaiigcs made in the \ari- ous park de]iartinei'ts of Greater \cw York during the jiast year. :\Ir. Gorman made an i xcellent r( rd ill his administration of park alVaiis in Brooklyn, which includes the famous Prospect i'ark. and our inembership certainly will hope that he secures another assigiinieiit and icmaiu ill |iaik work. Clarence L. lirock. superintendent at llonstoii. Tex., has for- warded the editor a copy of the "City Book of Houston." which is about the finest thing in the way of a muiiici|ial hand book which we have seen. It is a 400-page publication containing full reports of all municipal departments, coinmercial articles and statistics, scores of illustrations of scenic and commercial views; in fact, a combination booster book and municipal report which might well be patterned after bv other cities. If you want a copy, a rc(]iiest to Mr. Brock will probably get you one. hut if you' get one. you might as well plan your return trip from San Francisco via the Southern route. l.iTai'sc y.m \nll -iirc want to see Texas. Fiaiik limbeck and Wood Posey, formerly siipcrintendciit and s.crctary at Terre llante. Tud.. but deposed la.st year through a ladic.il change of adiuiuistration. are probably deriviup {i'lnitUuwit all j.iific "'1 I consid- Seattle's Recreation System By J. W. Thompson, Washington. It is usually a source of great svirprise tu visitors to the Pacific Coast to find the cities so well provided with modern recreation facilities, and while it is quite generally known that Seattle has become the commer- cial metropolis of the Pacific Northwest, it is not as well known that it is further advanced in the matter of the acquisition and development of recreation grounds and facilities than any cit_\- west of Chicago, and this includes a numlier of cities much larger in population than Seattle. Contrary to the usual experience of Western cities which have s])rung up and grown rapidly, the city beautiful idea has not been lost sight of and from the very beginning of the real growth of the citv plans were made to provide recreation spots. MT. BAKER I'AKK LAKE AND W \.- 1 1 1 .\ i , HjX B0ULE\'.\KD. Nature has blessed Seattle with a magnificent set- ting for a beautiful city, nestling between two snow- capped mountain ranges, with lakes and hills in and about the city. With the placid waters of Puget Sound, an arm of the Pacific Ocean, forming the western boundary of the city, Lake Washingtnn, thirty miles in length, forming the eastern bount. ( . i[. Lprinj;, of Minneapolis and River.side. Cal.. celebrated Ill's Slst birthday recently, and a Inncheon in his honor was served at the ^lission Inn. aecordina to a pres.s report. !Mr. Loring spends l)i~ Miiiters in California and de\otes most of his time and con- siileralde of his means to the beautification of Hnntington Park in Riverside, of which he is honorary snjierintendent. Minne- apolis is !Mr. I.orini;'s home, however, and his name will always be identified with llie park system of that city on acconnt of his years of service on the Park Board and the beautiful [)ark which bears his name. In spite of liis advanced years. Mr. Loriny ;s in splendid health, and is probably our oldest member actually in ser\ii e. PARK INSTITUTE OF NEW ENGLAND. At the setond meetinji of the Park Institute of New Eiifihiiid lu'ld in Worcester, ^Mass., Decenitier Id. twelve cities were repre- sented with twenty-live present. Mr. (i. A. Parker, of Hartford, gave a talk on ''Park Aecomits and Reporting" after which there were questions and discussions- cm that subject. ilr. Thomas E. llnlhind. Supervisor of Playsrcumds, Worcester, ^lass.. read a paper on "Worcester Recreations," Owing to in- juries received in an automobile accident ilr. Shea, of Roston. was unable to pieseiit hi^ ]iaper on "Park Administration and I^egislation." Ml'. S. Wales Dixon. Supervisor of Recreations in Hartford., Lave a very interesting illustrated talk on "Recreations in Hart- foril." after wliich there were ipiestions and discussions. ilr. (lias. E. l.aild. Superintendent of Parks, Springlield, ilass,, gave a rejiort on "Municipal Dancing ill the School Building," He said, althoiiuli they liad just started dancing in the scliotd build iiig. lie was lonli.leiit of its success, 8eveial nicinlieis iiis]iected tlie "Toboggan Slides" in (jrceii Hill Park, ^rolll•:l of i-uoposfm dfsicx for ceorge h. Hermann p.ark. SCAFE. I INlII — too feet, EXIOBTTED AT TEXAS STATE FLOWER SFIOW, HOUSTON, TEXAS. BY C. F, BKOCK, SUPERINTENIIENT Ol" PARKS, 32 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. PRELIMINARY SCHEDULE SEVENTH ANNUAL EXHIBITION AND CONVENTION AMERICAN SWEET PEA SOCIETY. To Be Held Under the Auspices of the Newport Horticultural Society and the Newport Garden Association, Newport, R. I., July 8 and g, 1915. PRIVATE GARDENERS. Section A. Class 1. Peter Henderson & Co.'s Prize. For the best 12 vases, 20 sprays to a vase, of 12 distinct varieties of Spencer Sweet Peas; first prize. .$2n.C0,: second prize, $lo.OO; third 'prize, .$10.00. Class 2. The Arthur T. Boddington Prizes. Challenge Silver Clip, value .$.50.00. I'or a collection of Sweet Peas. 25 varieties, not less than 25 stems to a vase, to be shown with Sweet Pea foliage only. To be won twice by the same exhibitor. There will also be awarded to tlie winner of this cup (each time won) a cash prize .of $25.00; second prize, $15.00; third prize, $10.00. Oass 3. The Weeber & Don Prize. For the best vase oF 100 sprays mixed Sweet Peas, arranged for effect. Gypsophila and foliage other than Sweet Pea can be used : first prize. .$5.00. Class 4. The Jlount Desert Nurseries Prizes. For the best vase of Sweet Peas, one variety, any color, 25 stems arranged for effect, any other foliage than Sweet Pea may be used: first prize. $7.50; second prize, .$2.50. Class 5. Joseph Breck & Sons" Prizes. For the best 3 vases. 25 stems to a vase, Spencer varieties: first prize, $7.50; second prize, $2.50. Class (i. The Henry A. Dieer Prizes. For best vase of Spencer Sweet Pea, Royal Purple: first prize, $5.00; second prize, $2.50. (lass 7. For best vase of Spencer Sweet Pea, Margaret Madison Improved: first prize, $5.00: second prize, $2.50. Class 8. Hitchings & Company's Prize. A Silver Cup. For the best 8 vases of Sweet Peas. 25 stems to a vase. 8 distinct Sponccr varieties named. Class !l. The Sutton & Sons' Prize. A Silver Cup. value .$25.00. For the best table of Sweet Peas, covering 12 sipiare feet, and not to exceed 3 feet in height. CJypso])hila and foliage other than Sweet Pea may be used. Class 10. The Burnett lirotliers" Prize. For the best vase of AMiite Sweet Peas (Spencer variety), 50 sprays to the vase. C:y])sophila or foliage otlier than .Sweet Pea can be used: first prize, $10.00. Class 11. The Thorburn Prize. A Silver (up for best 12 vases of Sweet Peas, 12 Spencer varieties, 25 lilomiis to a v;ise. Section B. liurpee & Co.'s Prizes the finest 12 named: first second prize. G distinct Spencer Medal. For best Class 1. \V. Atlee liurpee & Co.'s Prizes. I'or vases Sweet Peas in 12 distinct varieties, correctly prize. Silver Cup, value $25,00, and $10.00 cash": llO.OO: third prize. $5.00. Class 2. The Stunipi) & \\alter Co.'s Prizes. For the lie>t 0 vases of Sweet Peas. 0 distinct Spencer varieties, 20 sprays to a vase: first prize, $15.00: second prize. $10.00; third prize. $5.00. Class 3. The Henry F. Michell Co.'s Prizes. The "Michell Seed House" Silver Medal for il vases, 25 sprays each, varieties Sweet Peas. Class 4. The "Michell Seed House" Bronze 25 blooms ■■Illuminator" Sweet Peas. Class 5. The "Michell Seed House" Silver Medal. For be>t vase Spencer varieties Mixed, not less than 100 blooms. Sweet Peas. Class (i. The "ilichell Seed House" Bronze Medal. For the best vase "Mixed Sweet Peas," not less than 100 blooms. Class 7. The "Jlichell Seed House" Bronze Medal. For the best 2 vases of 12 sprays each ^^■hite. and 12 sprays Pink Sweet Peas. Class 8. The Thomas .T, Grey Co.'s Prize. A Cut Glass Bowl. For the lest centerpiece of Sweet Peas for table decoration. Foliage otlier than Sweet Pea can be used. Class !1. Watkins & Simpson Prize. For the best six vases of Sweet Peas Spencer, six varieties, 25 Howers to a vase. First prize, $1('.0!\ Section F. Class 2. The .Jerome B. Rice Seed Co.'s Prizes. For the best vase of 1915 Novelty Sweet Peas. 25 spravs I variety: first prize, $5.00; second prize. $3.00: third prize, .$2.00. Cla.ss 4. The American Sweet Pea Society's Silver Medal will be awarded for the best collection of Sweet Pea Novelties which did not ap]iear before 1014. Class 5. The American Sweet Pea Society's Silver Medal will be awarded for the best collection of Sweet Pea Novelties appear- ing in 1015 catalogues only. The American Sweet Pea Society's Bronze iledal will lie awarded for the second best collection. For the largest and most meritorious exhibit of Sweet Peas, The A. S. P. S.'s (odd Meilal will he awarded. NE'WPORT GARDEN ASSOCIATION. ((lass G-] to C 5 (IpiMi to all.) Section G. 1st 2nd 3ril Prize. Prize. Prize. Class 1. For the best tub of Sweet Peas of any White. (ream or (_ ream-Yellow variety $8.00 $(1.00 $4.00 Class 2. For the best tub of Sweet Peas of any .Scarlet. Crimson. Rose or Carmine . .'. S.OO 0.00 4.II0 Class 3. For the best tub of .Sweet Peas of any Lavender, ilauve. Purple or l?lue. ... S.OO il.OO 4.00 Class 4. For the best tub of Sweet Peas of any Pink, Orange or Salmon '. 8.011 li.OO 4.00 Class 5. For the best display of Sweet Peas. arranged against a wall, on a table space of 3 feet by 10 feet. Foliage of any kind or Ciypsojihila. in' both, may be used in arranging. Only the ar- tistic arrangement of the exhibit as a whole will be considered in judging. Exhibitors may use other than the American Sweet Pea .Society va.ses in this Class " Silver Cuji 15.00 10.00 NEWPORT HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. (Class G-0 to G-21 Open to a!L) SWEET PEAS (S|)eic.er Variety). Section G. 1st 2nd 3rd Prize. Prize. Prize. Class 0. 25 sprays, any White variety .$5.00 .$3.00 .$2.00 Class 7. 25 spravs, anv Crimson or Scarlet... 5.00 3.00 2.00 Class 8. 25 spravs, anv Rose or Carmiive 5.00 3.00 2.00 Class !). 25 sprays, any Light Pink 5.00 3.00 2.00 Class 10. 25 sprays, any Deep Pink 5.00 3.00 2.00 Class 11. 25 sprays, any Blue 5.00 3.00 2.00 Class 12. 25 sprays, any ilauve 5.011 :!.liil 2.00 Class 13. 25 sprays, anj- Cream or Cream-Y'el- low . " '. 5.00 3.00 2.00 Class 14. 25 sprays, ;iny Salmon or Orange... 5.00 3.00 2.00 Class 15. 25 sprays, aiiy Lavender 5.00 3.00 2.01) Class l(i. 25 sprays, any Maroon or Pnriile 5.0O 3.00 2.00 Class 17. 25 sprays, any Picotee-edged 5.00 3.00 2.00 Class 18. 25 sjuays. any Striped or Flaked Red or Rose . . . .' 5.00 3.00 2.0O Class 10. 25 sju-ays. any Strijied Flaked Bine or Purple. . '. 5.00 :;.0O 2.00 Class 20. 25 sprays, any Bicolor other than Picotee-edged' 5.00 3.0O 2.00 Class 21. 25 sprays, any other color distinct from the above 5.00 3.00 2.00 The F. R. Pierson Cup will be awarded to the exhibitor taking the most first prizes in this section, viz.: (J 1 to (i 21. If there should be a tie. the award will include the most second prizes. The Garden Magazine Achievement Medal will be awarded to the finest vase of Sweet Peas in Section 0. C lasses 1 to 21. Section G. Class 31. The R. & .). Farcpihar & Co.'s Prizes. (Private fiardeners only. I For the liest .Spencer Sweet Peas, fi distinct varieties, 1 vase of 20 sprays of each variety. o])en to jirivate growers only: first prize. $12.00: -second prize. $8.00. NEWPORT GARDEN CLUB. For Private Gardeners and Amateurs. Section G. Class 34. De' oration for table of eight covers, glasses, cutlery and linen to lie used ard srpjilied by the exhibitor (exiejit table) : first. jn-ize. a Silver Cup an 1 $25.00; seconil prize, $15.00: third prize. $10.00. Exhibitois will l;e allowed to use Sweet Pea foliage. Asparagus. Smilax, Ciypsophila, or all: ribbons also allowed. (?lass 35. For the best display of Sweet Peas for effect, cover- ing a round table, four feet across, to be supplied by the society. Sweet Pea or other foliaae can be used: first prize. .$15.00: second prize. $10.00. The Final Schedule will be published aliont .lune 1 with entry blank. Address all conmuinications to Harrv A. Runvard. Secre- tary, 342 West 14th >tieet. New York ( itv. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 33 QUERIES and ANSWERS ii'e believe the greatest good can be accomplished for the grtatest number, by instituting a query column; or an exchange of txpe- riences, on practical propositions, by our readers. You are invited to contribute questions, and answer others. Each question as received will be gii'cn a number, the question- er's name will not be published, but the source of the answer tvill be given unless other-jAse requested. We all have something we would like to know more about. Here is your opportunity to ascertain somebody's experience in just that matter. Nothing will tend to better fellowship than helping each other. Tiike advantage of this "Question Box." Can any reader of the "Chronicle" give us any in- formation as to what causes the distorted and curled appearance of the young growths on antirrhinums? We have a number of plants, the growths and leaves of which are curled up very much after the same manner that peach leaf curl affects the leaves of peach trees. We have tried pinching out the affected parts, but the resultant breakers are aftected the same way. We hardly think that this is caused by rust, a description of which appeared in the last issue of the "Chronicle." J. C, Long Island. Can you give me any information through your "Queries and Answers" column about the cultivation of Gesnerias? Should they be started up in the spring or fall?— H. H. A., Ohio. From the professional gardener's point of view, which are easiest to manage and give best results, own root, or grafted roses? — A. K. W., Massachusetts. SNAPDRAGON RUST. Tliiit the disease which attacked my antiri'hiniiiTis lielnni: to a diU'ereiit s])ec!es of fungus to tliat referred to by Mr. Rees does not appear from a practical ]iniiit of view to lie of very great importance, altliougli at the same time i was iikoc than ]deased to have it correctly named. In a fiuther communication ;\Ir. Eces asks nie to make the correction at uiiic. "otherwise mucli loss of time and money \vonld caused." I nuist confess myself as heing totally unable to understand Mr. Kces' point of view in making the latter remark. 'Die following facts will. I think, lie admitted: Tlie di'^ease both belong to the family of parasitic plant- known as fungi. Tliey pro|)ogate themselves and -iircad from one idaiit to an- otiier liy means of very minute spines whii-h are produced liy tlie million from one pistule. The attack in both these cases senerally starts at the lower h'aves, s]ireads upwards from one to another, soon the stem- arc attacked and the plants are ultiniatidy killed. Mr. Kees stated to me that any one miglit mislalie one species for tlie other. I presume that he means any one who i- not an expert mycologist. It is po.-sible that in using the woids coniliatting or controlliiii;- the disease I may have been niisnuilerstood. I'.arly last year in tliese columns I ventured the somewhat dognnitic statement that no fungous disease attacking plants can be secured so far as the particular Jiart of the ho-t plant affected liy the disease is con- cerned. .And T have yet to learn any rea-on- foi- altering this opinion. .Methods of <'ondiatting and controlling a fungous disease, whether it is called a ru-t. leaf -spot or anything else, are there- fore only two, one only of which is suggested by Mr. Hees. that of removal and destruction of diseased plants. This is of e(mrse valuable in reducing sources of infeftion, providril cvcrij jihiiit of jKJitiiiii iif It iilniit aHatkrd Is rcmorril licfnrc xitorcn arc prn- (huctl. but this is a practical impossibility. Kven if it were possible, what about the spores which started the infection '.' What guarai'tee is there that some of these original s])ores are not still Moating about or upon healthy ]ilants but yet unger- miiiated? One would suppose that any one, es|)ecially a scieiititic pathologist, acquainted with the life history of fungi, would be the first to advise the use of a fungicide in addition to the de- struction of diseased plants because the hitter is by itself, as all jn-actical men know, tiseless. Ordinary common sense tells us that in contrii)iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiii^ giiiiii:iiiiiii!iNiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii!i!iiiii[NiiiiiiiiiiiiiininiiNiiiiiiiiiiiNiiii'iiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiimiiiHiiiiiiiiiiiiii:iim H/\RRY B/\LD\A/1N H irfanufactarer o/ I GREEN-HOUSE SHADING I LATH ROLLER BLINDS I MAMARONECK. N. Y. nlllllMllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllinilllllllllimillllllllllllllllllllllll!lllllllilM!ll!llll[llllllllllll!llllli:illlllllllllllllllllllHlllllin E^lllllllNllliniltlllllllllllllllllllllNNIIINIIIIlllllllllUlllllimillllNlllllllUllllllllllllllllllllllllNllllllllllllllllNI^ Dundee, 111. E. A. LIPPMAN Manufacturer of Green House Shading I 6 HIGH STREET. MORRISTOWN, N. J. | i I am also making shading up in dry form especially for commer- = ^ cial use. = p Write fur particulars, stating wbetlier for commercial or private use. 1 !)lllllllllilillllltl[|li[illltllllll|]|ll1ll|]|llllllll[|l|[|||1lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllilll!llillllll[lllin THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 35 NATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS National Association of Gardeners. M. C. Ebel, secretary, Madison, N. J. Society of American Florists and Orna- mental Horticulturists. John Young, secretary, 54 West 28th street, New York. American Carnation Society. A. F. J. Bauer, secretary, Indianapolis, Ind. American Gladiolus Society. L. Merton Gage, secretary, Wellcsley, Mass. American Peony Society. A. B. Saunders, secretary, Clinton, N. Y. American Rose Society. B. Hammond, secretary, Fishkill, N. Y. American Sweet Pea Society. H. A. Bunyard, secretary, 342 West 14th street, New York. Chrysanthemum Society of America. Charles W. Johnson, secretary, Morgan Park, 111. LOCAL SOCIETIES Bernardsville Horticultural Society. W. G. Carter, secretary, Bernardsville, N. J. Meets first Tliursday every month, Hor- ticultural Hall, Bernardsville, N. J. Boston Gardeners' and Florists' Club. William N. Craig, secretary, Brookline, Mass. Meets third Tuesday every month, Horti- cultural Hall, Boston, Mass., 8 p. m. Connecticut Horticultural Society. Alfred Dixon, secretary, Wethersfield, Conn. Meets second and fourth Fridays every month. County Building, Hartford, Conn., 8 p. m. Dobbs Ferry Gardeners' Association. Henry Kastljers- secretary, Dobljs Ferry. N. Y. Meets first Saturday each mouth. Dutchess County Horticultural Society. Herbert G. Cottau. secretary. Wappinger Falls. Meets at Poughkeepsie, N. Y., second Wednesday every month except May and June. Elberon Horticultural Society. George Masson, secretary, Oakluirst, N. J. Meets first Monday every month. Fire Hall, Elberon, N. J., 8 p. m. Lake Geneva Gardeners' aud Foremen's Association. W. H. GrifEts, secretary. Lake Geneva, Wis. Meets first and third Saturday every month, October to April; first Saturday every month, May to September, Horticul- tural Hall. Lenox Horticultural Society. G. H. Instone, secretarj', Lenox, Mass. Meets first Saturday every month. Florists' and Gardeners' Club of Holyoke and Northampton, Mass. James Whiting, secretary, Amherst, Mass. Meets second Tuesday every month. Gardeners' and Florists' Club of Baltimore. N. F. Flittin, secretary, Paterson Park, Baltimore, Md. Meets second and fourth Monday every month. Florist Exchange Hall. Los Angeles County Horticultural Society. Henry W. Kruckeberg, secretary. Meets first Tuesday every month. Massachusetts Horticultural Society. William P. Rich, secretary, 300 Massachu- setts avenue, Boston, Mass. The Horticultural Society of New York. Geo. V. Nash, secretary, Bronx Park, New York City. Meets monthly, irregular. May to Octo- ber, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, New York. November to April, American Museum of Natural History, 77th itreet and Columbus avenue, New York. Menlo Park Horticultural Society. I'l'icy Ellings, secretary, Menlo Park, Cal. Jleets second Tliursdav eacli month. Monmouth County Horticultural Society. Harry Kettle, secretary, Fairhaven, N. J. Meets fourth Friday every month, Mon- moutli Boat Club, Red Bank, N. J. Montreal Gardeners' and Florists' Club. W. H. Horobin, secretary, 283 Marquette street. Meets first Monday every month, Mon- treal Florists Exchange. Morris County Florists' and Gardeners' Society. Edward J. Reagan, secretary, Morristown, N. J. Meets at Madison, N. J., second Wednes- day every month, except July and August, 8 p. m. Nassau County Horticultural Society. Ernest Westlake, secretary, Glen Cove, N. Y. Meets second Wednesday every month, Pembroke Hall, Glen Cove, N. \'., 6 p. m. New Bedford Horticultural Society. Jeremiah M. Taber, secretary. Meets first Monday every month. New Jersey Floricultural Society. Geo. W. Strange, secretary, 216 Main street, Orange, N. J. Meets first Monday every month, Jr. 0. W. A. M. Hall, Orange, N. J., 8 p. m. New London Horticultural Society. John Humphiey, secretary, New London, Conn. Meets second Thursday every month, 38 Main street. New London, Conn. Oyster Bay Horticultural Society. Fred Kirkham, secretary, Glen Head, N. Y. Meets fourth Friday every month. Board of Trade, Oyster Bay, N. Y., 8 p. m. Pacific Coast Horticultural Society. W. A. Hofinghotr, secretary, 711 Westbank Bldg. Meets first Saturday every month, Red- men's Bldg. Pasadena Horticultural Society. Geo. B. Kennedy, secretary, 497 Bradford street, Pasadena, Cal. Meets first and fourth Friday every month. Paterson Floricultural Society. Sebastian Hubschmitt, secretary, 61 Seventh avenue, Paterson, N. J. Meets first Tuesday every month, Ro- maine Building, 8 p. m. Newport Horticultural Society. Wm. Gray, secretary, Newport. R. I. Meets second and fourth Tuesday every month. New York Florist Club. John Y'oung, secretary, 54 W. 28th street, New Y'ork. Jieets second Monday every month, Grand Opera House. North Shore Horticultural Society. Jas. Slater, secretary, Manchester, Mass. Meets first and third Fridays every month. North Shore Horticultural Society. E. Bollinger, secretary. Lake Forest, 111. Meets first Friday every month. City Hall. North Westchester County Horticultural and Agricultural Society. M. J. O'Brien, secretary, Mt. Kisco. N. Y. Meets third Thursday every month, ex- cept June, July and August, at 8 p. m.; December, January and February, 3 p. m., Odd Fellows Hall, Mt. Kisco. Pennsylvania Horticultural Society. David Rust, secretary, Broad and Locust streets, Philadelphia, Pa. Meets third Tuesday every month. Horti- cultural Hall, 8 p. m. People's Park Cottage Gardeners' Associa- tion. John Ainscough, secretary, 4 Chestnut street, Paterson, N. J. Meets first and last Friday every month. Working Man's Institute, Madison avenue, Paterson, N. J. Philadelphia Florists' Club. David Rust, secretary, Broad and Locust streets, Philadelphia, Pa. Meets first Tuesday every month. Horti- cultural Hall, Philadelphia, Pa., 8 p. m. The Pittsburgh Florists' and Gardeners' Club. H. P. Joslin, secretary, Ben Avon, Pa. Meets first Thursday every month, Fort Pitt Hotel, Pittsburgh, Pa. Rhode Island Horticultural Society. A. C. Miller, secretary, 7 Irving avenue, Providence, R. L Meets fourth Monday every month, Provi- dence Public Library, 8 p. m. Shelter Island Horticultural and Agricul- tural Society. Fred Kirkham. secretary, Shelter Island, N. Y. Meets first and third Thursdays every month. Southampton Horticultural Society. William McLeod, secretary. Meets first Thursday every month. Me- morial Hall, Southampton, N. Y. Tarrytown Horticultural Society. E. W. Neubrand, secretary, Tarytown, N. Y. Meets last Tuesday every month, except December, Corporation Building, Tarrytown, N. Y., 7:30 p. m. Annual meeting last Thursday in December. Tuxedo Horticultural Society. Thomas Wilson, secretary, Tuxedo Park, X. Y. Meets first Wednesday every month, I'arisli House, Tuxedo Park. Washington, D. C, Florist Club. J. L. Mayberry, secretary, Washington, D. C. Meets first Monday every month. Yonkers Horticultural Society. Thos. Mahoney, secretary, Yonkers, N. Y. Meets first Friday every month, Holly- wood Inn. Yonkers. N. Y., 8 p. m Westchester and Fairfield Horticultural Society. J. B. McArdle, secretary, Greenwich, Conn. Meets second Friday every month, Dor- an's Hall, Greenwich, Conn., 8 p. m. 36 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. GARDENERS DIARY International Flower Show. (Tiaiul ( iii- tral Palace, Xew Vork, ihirch 17-23. I'Jlo. American Carnation Society. Animal Show. I!iill;il. American Gladiolus Society. Annn.al (ilailiolns Sh(i«, Xewpoit, K. 1.. Ani;ust 18 and I'.l. liH.'"!. NEW BEDFORD HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. At the annual meeting of the New Peil ford Hortieutural Society officers were elect- ed a.s follows: President, David F. Roy; vice-president, Frank L'. Barrows; linancial secretary, Wal- ter K. Smitli; treasurer. Walter A. Luce; secretary, Jeremiah M. Taber. E.xecutive Committee — Fi'ank G. Tripp, chairman; C. W. Young, J'as. H. McVieker, Joseph W, Webster, A. E. Griffin, James Gatbby, L. J, llatliaway, Jr. The Executive Committee rendered the following report; ■•\Ve have within the past year run four free flower shows; a peony show and a rose show in June, a daldia show in September and a chrysanthemum show in Xovember. All the siiows were very successful, and were much appreciated. We gave a large number of prizes, which were in most cases dumited by friends of the society and tradesmen. "The committee at this time wish to ex- press their thanks to the friends who con- tril>uted so liberally to make our efforts successful. "The committee also wish to express their thanks to the members and friends who so generously contributed flowers and plants to make these shows the wonderful displays they were. '•The president, David F. Roy. gave a sil- ver cup for professionals, and William F. Turner gave a silver cup for amateurs. These cups were awarded to the members scoring the highest number of points for exhibits at the monthly meetings during the outdoor season, and had the effect of bringing out some very pretty displays of flowers at our meetings. "The Entertainment Committee furnished a number of able speakers at the meetings, who spoke on different subjects interesting to horticulturists, A large number of new members were added to the society." Burpee's Annua! for 1915 tells the Plain Truth about Burpee-Quality SeecJs, It is mailed free. Writs for it ioday, --"Lest you forget. " A postcard will do. W. ATLEE BURPEE & CO., Burpee Buildings, Philadelphia. as follows; Proidtnt. Fiedcri.k Pake; vire- president, C. Davidson; treasurer, Simon Hilmers; secretary, Thos. Wilson. Execu- tive Committee — ilessrs. Tansey, Millar, J. Davidson. Bartli. Sheppard. president and secretary. After the usual business was Hnislicd we adjourned to the bowling alleys and enjoyed three hours bowling, some of tlie boys putting up good scores, after wliicli we sat down to a fine supper and satisfied tlie inner man amid a nice social evening spent with speeches, songs, recitations and good sti.i 'cs. THOS. WILSON, Secretary. TARRYTOWW HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. The animal meeting of the Tarrytown Horticultural Society was held at Tarry- town Thursday evening, December 31. Presi- dent Elliott presiding. This beiug Carnation night, a fine display of cut blooms was exhibited. First prize, for three varieties. G of each, was awarded to A. Golding (Superintendent D, G. Reid), who also received certificate of merit tor a vase of Princess Dagmar and cultural cer- tificate for a vase of Mignonette. Honorable mention was given to Mr. ,7. W. Smth, Scott P.rothers, A. Weeks and M. F. Ross for other exhibits of Carnations. A fine vase of Euphorbia was staged by ilr. Weeks, which received a cultural certificate. Tlie following officers -vxere elected for the coming year : W. Jamison, jiresident ; .1. Featherstone. vice-president ; E. W. Xeu- brand. secretary: C. J. Weeks, treasurer; Thomas A. Lee, presiding secretary. Many valuable points were brought out on the cultivation of Carnations through the dis- cussion which followed the judging. The exhibit for next meeting will be How- eriug plants in not more than .seven pots. The annuiil dinner will be held at Florence Inn .T;inuarv VI at 7 p, m. T. A, LEE, Pres. Sec'v. TUXEDO HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. The annual business meeting of the Tux- edo Horticultural Society was held in the Firemen's Club on Wednesday evening, January 6. President David Mcintosh in the chair. There was a large attendance of members present. The treasurer read his report for the year 1914, which was very satisfactory, and showed the society to be in good condition financially. The election of officers for 191,5 resulted Somsirk, cnliinal certiliiate for CaulitUjwer. Xcry faviu'able reports were made by the officers and accepted as read. The election of officers for 191.5 resulted as follows: President. .Jos. Robinson; vice- president, .Tas. Duekhanj ; treasurer, H. G. \a\\ ; financial .secretary. F. Gale : secre- tary, Andrew R. Kennedy ; trustee for three .\ears, A. Walker; Executive Committee — John Sorosick. V. Kyle, A, Pattou. John T. Ingram. F. (Jale, A. Dawson. G. De (Jralf. All officers were duly installed and made appropriate speeclies. Exhibits for the next meeting, to be held Wednesday, January 20, 1915, twenty-five sprays of Sweet Peas, one pot of Cineraria and six stalks of Rhubarb. After meeting adjourned all partook of cigars and refreshments jirovided by tlie Ex- ecutive Committee. Respectfullv submitted, ANDREW R. KENNEDY, Secretary. OYSTER BAY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. The December and annual meeting of the Oyster Bay Horticultural Society was held in Fireman's Hall, Oyster Bay. L. I., on December 2:', 1914. About thirty members were present and Mr. .John T. Ingram pre- sided. Communications were read offering prizes for the summer shows, Mr. J. Roscoe Ray- nor .$5 to be used at the discretion of the Society ; Mr. John T. Ingram offering .*10 for collection of outdoor roses, one each of eighteen varieties ; Mr. H. C. Smith $.5 to he used at the discretion of the Society. The Dinner Committee reported the din- ner held at the Oyster Bay Inn on December 17 as a great success socially and financially. Mr. Robinson, Mr. Duthie and Mr. Walker were appointed as a special committee to buy books on gardening, etc., to start a cir- culating library. Mr. Chas. Mills was elected an active member. On the monthly exhibits the judges made the following awards : First prize, vase of six Antirrhinums. Mr. F. Kyle; three Cel- ery. Mr. Jas. Duthie ; fifty Violets, Mr. Jas. Duthie : Mr. Jas. Duckhani, honorable men- tion for Spiraea, Philadelphia : Jlr. John MEETING EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE AMERICAN ROSE SOCIETY. The Executive Committee of the Amer- ican Rose Society had a full meeting at the office of Traendley & Schenck. in New Y'ork City, on the 14th. Mr. Thomas Roland, on behalf of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society ex- tended an invitation to the American Rose Society to hold their annual exhibition and meeting in Boston on March 25. 2(1, 27 and 28, tlie same being accepted. The exhibit in pots and tubs to be made en the 2.')th and cut roses to be staged on Friday, the 2(ith. The committee to act with the Massachusetts Horticultural So- ciety in preparing a premium list are : Louis .!. Reuter, Westerly, R. I. ; Thomas Roland, THEAN^iSWe of growing shade trees, evergreens and shrubs is to transplant again and again, with the greatest care and skill, so that the specimens produced by the Andorra way will give beautiful effects from the moment they are planted around your house or over the estate. Our booklet, "Distinctive Trees and Shrubs," shows the advantages of large sized Maples, Lindens, Oaks, Spruces, Hemlocks, many desirable Shrubs, Roses and Hardy Perennials. Write fur a copy — we will send it on request. Andorra Nurseries Wm. Warner Harper, Prop . Box O, Chestnut Hill Philadelphia, Pa^ THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 37 Xiiliaut, Mass., and Alu.x. .Munignmciy, Xaliok, Mass. A special committee was apijoinleil to i^olicit premiiims, and is oomposed of the I'ollowiii},' : Louis J. Renter, Westerl.v, R. I. ; K. Allen Feirce, Waltliani. .Mass. ; Elier Holmes, Montrose, Mass.; S. S. IVnnoek, riiiladelphia, Pa.: Wallaee H. I'ierson, Cromwell, Conn. : Frank Traendle.v. Xen York Cit.v : Tatriik Welsh. Boston, .Mass. : ]■".. (J. Hill, Ricliinund, Ind. : AuRiLst F. rochlniann, Morlmi (irnve. HI.; William F. Kastin^-, liuffaln, \. V. \'ic('-l'resideut I'.vle moved the considera- lion of the appointment of I) each, and can be obtained from the chairman of the committee. William Till. :Magnolia, Ihrss. Any visitors in tliis \ i(-inity will be given a cordial welcome. The feature of the next meeting will be a stereopticcm lecture on gladioli by B. Ham- mond Tra<-\-. of Wenhani. W. T. Corresponding secretaries of the local societies are invited to send reports of their meetings. Those received by the ISth of the month will be published in the current issue. Healthy Trees Perfect Apples when you spray with "SCALECIDE 9» — the spray that's endorsed the counlry over as 'The one great dormant spray." Mixed 1 to IS, it kills every scale it reaches or you get your money back. Guarantee with every pack- age. It's easily prepared, non-corrosive and j non-clogging. Ibbl. equals 3bbls, lime sul- phur. Destroys eggs, larvae and fungi in dormant s'ate. Simple, safe, economical. Scn